THE UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY ^/o. '^t/< 'Q^ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS CRYPTINAE Cryptus obscurus, G^-av., $ . Irl}imtmon0lagia IBritannini. it. THE ICHNEUMONS OF GREAT BRITAIN A DESCRIPTIVE ACCOUNT OF THE FAMILIES, GENERA AND SPECIES INDIGENOUS TO THE BRITISH ISLANDS, TOGETHER WITH NOTES AS TO CLASSIFICATION, LOCALITIES, HABITATS, HOSTS, ETC. CLAUDE MORLEY, F.E.S. Author of "The Hymenoptera of Suffolk" " Ichneumoninae of Britain" etc., etc. CRYPTINAE Finis creationis telluris est gloria Dei ex opera naturae per hominem solum. — Linn. Pezomachus pilosis. Capron PRiNTEi^ (vnn iiiK AH'moR) wn pri'.i.isiiiii \\\ JAMKS H. KKVS. WIIIMI'II'. SIRl'.F.'l", IM.YMOUIH MCMVII. PREFACE. It is three years to-day since I wrote llie preface of the " Ichneuinoninae," and it is most encouraging to notice the very great increase in interest wiiich has become evident in our Britisii Ichneumonidae during the interval. It is not the blatant interest which rushes into print, but tlie careful plodding of the very few who approach Entomology with the sole aim of furtliering it as a Science and of illuminating those many dark spots which still exist in the knowledge of our insular Insecta. Exclusive specialization is a thing to be fought against by all broad-minded, or rather broadly observant collectors, and it is undoubtedly to this cause we owe so very few works treating of specialized subjects, not only here, but throughout the entomological world ; for specialization usually indicates lack of interest in the general subject. Some of the reviews called forth by the " Ichneumoninae," not one of which was written by a man with the remotest knowledge of the subject, were amusing, and in some cases it was most beautifully " damned with faint praise." Little fault was found on the whole, however : one reviewer thought it not sufificiently popular, which is a matter of education, another that the title was misleading, which is a matter of opinion ; further I saw Braconidae and Chalcididae included in one review (this was not the fault of the title), and another clamoured for a transcription of the " original description " of the authf)r of every species, though immediately afterwards owning that that same description would probably ai)[)ly with equal exactitude to a dozen distinct present-day species. I may here briefly sketch my modus operandi. I take a large sheet of paper and copy upon it the fragmentary points given in the "original description," adding each detail of that particular species, in its proper ^^3081 VI PREFACE. place in my uniform scheme of description, as more and more details are given by the subsequent authors consulted in turn (paying especial atten- tion to those who examined the type specimens). Having obtained as perfect an account of the species as is available, I proceed to firstly compare with it any itisects I may possess purporting to belong to that species, and secondly to identify from it and them my own insects. Having satisfied myself upon the correctness of this identification, I am enabled to fill in any omissions in the published descriptions which appear necessary or advisable, and to add such points as strike me as aids to determination. What want we then with the ambiguous, inadequate and often useless original description ? Cf. Verrall's " Pulex pallide piceo- fusca ! " 1 The only alteration in the present volume is the fuller references to the details of economy and capture, which one reviewer wisely requested ; these were omitted in the previous volume, because in every case I satisfied myself that no more could be learned by conferring the source whence I took them. It is also worthy of note that, though hundreds of specimens have since passed through my hands, not a single addition to our indigenous Ichneumoninae has hitherto been noticed. The opposite sex of one species has, however, been for the first time described^ and a misnomer corrected. •* On the whole the Continental notices were much more satisfactory than the home ones, and the author is sure that in its broadest sense, " Heller ikke i entomologiske Boger fornaegter Englaendernes praktiske Sans sig."*- It is a great pleasure to me to again thank those who have so very kindly assisted me in the elucidation of the present volume, for " Ich- neumonidum cognitio natura difificilis et spinosa est," and it is only by consensus of observation that we can arrive at a thorough knowledge of 1 Presidential Address, Ent. Soc. 1900. 2 ■■ On HurUhncumon htracUanac, Bridg., with a Description of the Male " (E.M.M. 1904, p. 37). 3 " Ichnciiinon inquinatus, Wesm., and Ambtytelcs microcephalus, Steph." (lib. cit. p. 239). 4 Review in " Flora og Fauna Aarbog " (Silkeborg ; 1904, p. 56). PREFACE. Vll our native Ichneumonidae. I thank Miss E. M. Alderson, Rev. C. D. Ash, F. C. Adams, E. R. Banlces, the iate A. Beaumont, M. Heathe, E. C. Bedwell, W. H. Bennett, Col. C. T. Bingham, Rev. E. N. Bloomfield, A. C. Bowdler, R. C. Bradley, E. Brunetti, E. A. Butler, Prof. J. W. Carr, Dr. R. T. Cassal, H. J. Charbonnier, Miss E. Chawner, A. J. Chitty, W. G. Clutten, E. A. Cockayne, C. W. Colthrup, J. \V. Cross, A. A. Dalglish, C. H. Davies, F. H. Day, Horace Donisthorpe, Stanley Edwards, E. A. Elliott, Willoughby Ellis, W. W. Esam, W. Evans, E. A. Fitch, R. Godfrey, J. G. Gordon, A. H. Hamm, O. E. Janson, S. Kemp, J. H. Keys, A. W. Luff, G. F. Lyle, J. R. Mallock, A. H. Martineau, Rev. F. D. Morice, J. F. Musham, E. A. Newbery, Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge, Albert Piffard, G. T. Porritt, R. M. Prideaux, E. Ransom, N. M. Richard- son, G. B. Routledge, E. Saunders, Dr. D. Sharp, A. Sich, F. W. Sladen, Rev. A. Thornley, B. Tomlin, W. H. Tuck, H. J. Turner, C. J. Wain- wright, J. Waterston, C. J. Watkins, F. J. Whittle, Col. J. W. Yerbury. CLAUDE MORLEY. Monks' Soham House, Suffolk, Maj 1st, igo6. AUTHORS CONSULTED. Ashmead, IV. /^—Classification of the Ichneumon Flies, or the Super- family Ichneumonidea. [Pro. U. S. Nat. Mus. xxiii. (1900) pp. 1-220.] Bignell, G. C. — The Ichneumonidae (Parasitic Flies) of the South of Devon. [Trans. Devon. Ass. for Advanc. Sc. xxx. (1898) _ PP- 458-504-] The Ichneumonidae (Parasitic Flies) of the South of Devon, part ii. Braconidae. [Trans. Devon. Ass. for Advan. Sc. xxxiii. (1901) pp. 657-692.] Various Papers in Entom. 1880-85. Birt/iitt_s:ham Ent. Soc. — Proceedings. November 21st, 1898. Blackwall, /.—The Spiders of Great Britain and Ireland. 1861-64. Blootnfield and Butler. — The Natural History of Hastings and St. Leonards and the Vicinity. 1878. Suppll. 1883, 1888 et 1898. Bairsiow, S. D. — Yorkshire Ichneumonidae and Braconidae. [Trans. Yorks. Nat. Union. 1877-80.] Boie, F. — Beobachtungen und Bemerkungen. [Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1855 (xvi.).] Bouche, P. F. — Naturgeschichte der Insecten, besonders in Hinsicht ihrer ersten Zustande als Larven und Puppen. 1834. Boudier, H. P. — Observations sur les habitudes de larves d'lchneumons. [Ann. Soc. Fr. v. (1836), p. 357.] Bridgman, J. ^.—Additions to the Rev. T. A. Marshall's Catalogue of British Ichneumonidae. [Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881--89.] Norfolk Ichneumons. [Trans. Norf. Soc. 1893, P- 603.] Various Papers in Entom. and E.M.M. 1878-85. and Fitch, E. A. — Introductory Papers on Ichneumonidae. [Entomologist. 1881-85.] Brischke, C. G. — Die Ichneumoniden der Provinzen West und Ost- Preussen. [Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1878-82.] Hymenopterolog. Notizen. [Deut. Ent. Zeit. xxi. (1877) p. 285.] Buckler, IV. — The Larvae of British Butterflies and Moths. 1 886-1 901. Butler, E. A. — Ichneumon Article. [Knowledge, v. p. 288.] Cameron, P. — A Monograph of British Phytophagous Hymenoptera. 1885-93. Capron, E. — Various Papers in Entom. 1879, p. 15; 1880, p. 88; etc. E.M.M. 1888, p. 217 ; etc. C/irist, J. L. — Naturgeschichte, Klassification und Nomenclatur der In- secten von Bienen, Wespen, und Ameisengeschlecht. 1791. Curtis, J. — British Entomology. 1823-40. Farm Insects, i860 A Guide to an Arrangement of British Insects. 1829. AUTHORS CONSULTED. IX Dale, C. IV. — The Lepidoptera of Dorsetshire. 1886. The History of Glanville's W'outton. 1878. Da/la Torre, K. W. — Catalogus Hymcnopterorum, iii. 1902. Dufour, L. et Ferris, E. — Sur les Insectes liymenopteres (jui nichcnl lians I'interieur des tiges seclies de la ronce. [Ann. Soc. Fr. (1840) PP- 5--53-] Dalman, J. JF. — Analecta Entomologica. 1823. Desvigiies, T. — Catalogue of the British Ichneuiiionidue in the British Museum. 1856. Various Papers in Trans. Ent. Soc. et E. M.M., ante 1S70. Donovan, E. — The Natural History of British Insects. 1 792-1 8 13. Doumerc, A. — Description du Microgaster perlae. [Proc. Ann. Soc. Fr. 1855-] Dours, A. — Catalogue synonymique des Hymenopteres de France. 1874. Elliott, E. A. — Notes on I'ezomachus. [E.M.M. 1900, p. 147.] Fabricitis, J. C. — Systema Entomologiae, etc. 1775. Species Insectorum. 1781. INIantissa Insectorum. 1787. Entomologia Systematica emendata et aucta, etc. 1793. Systema Piezatorum. 1804. Fitch, E. A. — Various Papers in Entom. 1880, p. 255, etc. Fonscolonibe, E. L. J. H. B. — Ichneumonologie Proven(jale, ou Catalogue des Ichneumonides qui se trouvent aux environs d'Aix. [Ann. Soc. Fr. 1847-54.] Forster, A. — Monographie der Gattung Pezomachus, Grav. [Wiegm. Arch. f. Naturgesch. 1850-51.] Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Ichneumonen. [Verh. pr. Rheinl. 1868.] Synoptische Uebersicht der Gattungen und Arten in der Familie der Stilpnoiden. [Verh. Wien. z.-b. Ver. 1876.] Fourcroy, A. E. — Entomologia Parisiensis. 1785. Geoffrey, H. I. — Histoire abregee des Insectes qui se trouvent aux environs de Paris. 1762. Giraiid, J. E. — Liste des eclosions d'Insectes observees par le Dr. J. E. Giraud, recueillie et annotee par M. le Dr. A. Laboulbene. [Ann Soc. Fr. 1877, pp. 397-436]. Gmelin, J. F. — Caroli a Linne Systema Naturae. Ed. xii. 178S-93. Gravenhorst, J. L. C. — Ichneumonologia Europaea. 1829. Monographia Ichneumonum pedestrium, praemisso proemia de transitu et mutabilitate speciarum et varietatum. 18 15. Additamenta ad descriptiones Fabricianas Ichneumonidum, etc. [Germar's T^ntom. Mag. iv. (182 i) p. 259.] Haliday, A. H. — New British Insects indicated in Mr. Curtis's Guide. [Ann. Nat. Hist. 1839, p. 112.] liar tig, T. — Cf. Jahresberichte iiber die Fortschritte der Forstwissenschaft und forstlichen Naturkunde nebst original -Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete dieser \Vissenschaften. 1837. ffartvood, A. H. — Ichneumons of Essex. Victoria History. 1902. Hellins,/. — Ichneumonidae infesting larvae of Gyrinus natator. [E.M.M. 1881, p. 88.J Holmgren, A. E. — Monogra[)hia Try[)honidum Sueciae. [Sv. .\k. Handl. 1855, pp. 89 -394. j AUTHORS CONSULTED. H'oliiii:;refi, A. E. — Conspectus generum 0[)hioiiidum Sueciae. [Ofvers, 1858, p. 321. J Torsok till iippstallning och beskrifiiing af de i Sverige funna Ophioiiidcr. [Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, no. 8, pp. 1-158.] En parasit hos Vanessa C-album. [Entom. Tidskr. 1881, p. 48. J Johnson, IF. F. — Ichncumonidae and Braconidae from the North of Ireland. [Irish Nat. 1904, p. 255.] Kaye. — Ent. Rec. 1899, p. 235. Kawell, H. — Entomologische Notizen aus Kurland. [Stett. Ent. Zeit. 1855, pp. 227, 260. 1858, p. 66.] Kin/uier, L. — Catalogus Hymenopterorum Europae. 1867. Kriechbaiimer, J. — Various Papers in Ent. Nachr. vi. xvii. xviii. xix. xxv. etc. Linnaeus, C. von. — Eauna Suecica. Ed. ii. 1761. Luff, IF. A.— The Insects of Herm. [Trans. Guern. Nat. Soc. 1904.] The Insects of Alderney. [Ld. 1899.] The Chrysididae, Ichneumonidae and Braconidae of Guernsey. [Id. 1903.] Marquand, E. D. — The Ichneumonidae of the Land's End District. [Trans. Penzance Nat. Hist. Soc. 1883-4, p. 340.] Marshall, T. A. — Description of a New Genus and Species 'allied to Pezomachus. [E.M.M. iii. p. 195.] Ichneumonidum Britannicorum Catalogus. 1870. A Catalogue of British Hymenoptera. 1872, Hymenoptera : new British Species, etc. [Ent. Annual, 1874, p. 114.J Species des Hymenopteres : des Braconides d'Europe. 1888-91. Afoncreaff. — Cf. Entom. iv. p. 125. Morley, Claude. — Ichneumonologia Britannica, i. 1903. On the Ichneumonid Genus Pezomachus, Grav. [Trans. Leicester Phil. Soc. 1899, p. 295.] Mi'dler, O. F. — Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus. 1776. Neivman, E. — Cf. Entom. 1867. Olivier, A. G. — Encyclopedic methodique. 1811--25. Ormerod, Miss. — -Report of Injurious Insects. 1896 ; and Guide to Methods of Insect Life. 1884. Panzer, G. IF. F. — Faunae Insectorum Germanica Initia. 1 792-1810. Parfitt, E. — Trans. Devon. Ass. 1881 : and various Papers in E.M.M. 1880-85. Ichneumonidae of Devonshire. Loc. cit. Perkitis, V. R. — Zygaena filipendulae and its Parasites. [Entom. 1880, p. 69.] Pfankuch. — On Gravenhorst's Tryphon. [Zeits. Syst. Hym. u. Dip. 1905-] Pickard-Camhridge, O. — Hymenoptera in Dorsetshire. [Entom. 1881, P- 137-] Ratzeburg, J. T. C. — Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsekten in forstlicher und entomologischer Beziehung. 1844-52. Untersuchung des Geschlechtszustandes bei den sogenannten Neutris der Bienen und liber die Verwandtschaft derselben mit den Kdniginnen. [Acta Acad. Leop. Carol. 1833, no. 2, p. 615.] AUTHORS CONSULTED. XI Rosenhauet\ \V. G — Cf. Amtlicher Bcricht der Versamnilung der Natur- forschcr zu Nurnl)eig. 1845, !'• ^79- Rossi, P. — Mantissa Insectoriiin, exhibens species luipcr in Elruria col- lectas, adjectis Faunae Etruscae illustiationil)US et enieiidatiuni- bus. 1792-94. Riithe, J. F. — Verzeichniss der von Dr. Staudinger ini Jahre 1856 auf Island gesammelten Hymenopteren. [Stcit. ICnt. Zeit. 1859, p. 362.] Schiiffer, J. C. — Icones InsectorLMii circa Ratisl)onani Indigenarum. 1766-79. Schiodte, /. G. — Cf. Rev. Zool. 1837. Scopoli, J. A. — Entomologia Carnicjlica. 1763. ScJimiedeknecht, O. — Die Gattungen und Arten der Cryptiiien. [Ent. Nachr. 1890.] Die Ichneunioniden-Galtmig Heniiteles, mil einer ubersiclit der Europaischen Arten. [Term. Fiiz. — Budapest Nat. Mus. 1897.] Opuscula Ichneumonologica. 1902-05. Schrank, F. von P. — Enumeratio Insectorum Austriae Indigenarum. 1781. Fauna Boica. 1 798-1804. Sichel, J. — Description de Acoenites perlae, Doumerc. [Bull. Soc. Fr. 1855^/1857.] Siebold, C. T. E. — Ueber Xenos Sphecidarum und dessen Schmarotzer in Ammophila sabulosa. [Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1839, P- 7 2- J Smith, Fred. — Cf. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1859, p. 209 et Proc. Ent. Soc. March, 1842. Catalogue of the British Fossorial Hymenoptera. 1858. South London Nat. Hist. Soc. — Proceedings. 1890 et 1896. Spinola, Marquis M. — Osphrynchotus capensis, new genus and species. [^[agaz. Zoolog. 1841, \A. 75] Stephens, J. F. — Illustrations of British Entomology, vii. 1835. Stockl'}', G. — Insects in Hainault Forest. [The Naturalist. 1854, p. 228.] Strobl. — Cf. Mitt. Naturw. Ver. Sterierm. 1900. Strom, H. — Det Trondhiemske Selskabs Skrifter. 1761. Tappes, G. — Cf. Ann. Soc. Fr. 1869, t. ix. Taschenber^, E. L. — Naturgeschichte der in Deutschland, Preussen und Posen den Culturpflanzen schadlichen wirbellosen Thiere. 1869. Die Hymenopteren Deutschlands. 1866. Die Schlupf\ves[)enfamilie Cryptides mit besonderer Beriicksich- tigung der deutschen Arten. [Zeitschrift fiir die gesammten Naturwissenschaflen. 1865, pp. 1-142.] Bemerkungen iiber die Arten Pimpla bei Durchsicht der Graven- horst'.schen Typen. [Zeits. ges. Nat. 1863, p. 50.] Thomson, Prof C. G. — Opuscula iMitomologica. 1869-97. Notes hymenopterologiques ; i. Cryplidae. [Ann. Soc. Fr. 1885, pp. 17-32.] Thunber^:^, C. P. — Ichneumonidea Insecta. [Mem. Acad. Pctersb. 1822 et 1824.] Tschek, Carl — Beitrage zur Kenntniss der osterreichischen Oyptoiden. [Verb. z.-b. (jcs. 1870, pp. 109-156] Ueber einige Cry[)toiden nieist aus der osterreichischen Fauna. [Z. c. 1872, pp. 231-252.] Xll AUTHORS CONSULTED. Tschek, Carl. — Neue Beitrage zur Cryptoiden. [Z/'A cil. 1870, pp. 403--430] Vic/on'a Hislory of Sussex, Suffolk and Cai>il>ridi;e. — Ichneumons. By Claude Morley. Villers, C.J. de. — Caroli Linnaei Entomologia. 1789. Vollenhflven, S. van. — Schetsen ten gebruike bij de studie der Hymen- optera. 1868. Pinacographia ; Illustrations of Ichneumons. 1875--80. Especes nouvelles ou peu connues d'Hymenopteres terebrants. [Tijds. voor Entom. 1878, p. 170.] Walker., Francis. — Ichneunionidae of the Isle of Man. [Entom. 1872-3, P- 432] IJ'esniael, C. — Ichneumones Pkityuri Europaei. [Jiul. Acad. Brux. 1853, p. 2S7.J Remarques critiques sur diverses especes d'Ichneumons de la collection de feu le Prof. J. L. C. Gravenhorst. [Mem. couron. Ac. Belg. 1859, p. 99.] IVestwood, /. O. — An Introduction to the Modern Classification of Insects. 1839-40. Wilson, T.— Cf. Trans. Yorks. Nat. Union. 1877-80. Woldstedt, F. W. — Zur Kenntniss der um St. Petersburg vorkommenden Ichneumoniden. [Melan. biol. Petersb. 1877.] Wood, J. G. — Insects at Home. 1883. Xanibeu. — Cf. Naturaliste. 1895, P- 7^ ^^ 1899, p. 128. Zetterstedt, J. W. — Insecta Lapponica Descripta. 1840. INTRODUCTION It is by no means surprising lliat the old authors cjuite failed to do any good work upon such closely allied and puzzling insects as those constituting the Cryptinae, and even (Iravenhorst's tomes would have been practically useless were it not that his types remained available for sub- sequent authors to elucidate. I'hus we fmd nothing of value was jiuhlished between 1829, when his European Ichneumons appeared, and 1S65, when Taschenberg redescribed his types with greater attention to their structural features, except a few notes on economy by Bouche in 1834, Boudier in 1836, and Ratzeburg in his confusing and, even now, but little explored mine of observation, Ichneumonen der Forstinsekten, 1844-50. Other papers on the subject of secondary importance were contributed by Boie and Doumerc in 1855, Tappes, Sichel and Kawell in his account of the Baltic fauna. Gravenhorst's curious apterous genus Pezomachus,^ which be had foreshadowed in his Monographia Ichneumonum Pedestrium of 181 5, was one of the earliest to attract attention, and was much too elaborately monographed by Forster in 1850-51 from the basis of the former's types ; and this monograph, now sadly in need of revision, still constitutes the standard work upon the females of the genus, thcnigh augmented by Brischke and Bridgman. The stimulus given to the whole group by Taschenberg in 1865 soon became evident in Tschek's three valuable papers on the Crypti of Austria in 1870-72, and Brischke's general account from Prussia in 1877-82. The latter also added very considerably to our knowledge of their hosts in his district and was ably seconded by Dr. Giraud in this branch of the study in France. The figures of van VoUenhoven's Pinacographia excited interest in the beautiful coloration and graceful form of these parasites, and came at an opportune time to spur what may be called the temporary renaissance of their research in Britain. The intricate sub-genera into which Graven- horst's unwieldy groups had been distributed by Forster in 1868 excited little notice, but Thomson's more natural genera, which began to be published in 1873, commanded more attention, and considerably simpli- fied their discrimination. As the fasciculi of the latter's great Opuscula Entomologica appeared, it was seen that here was an all embracing and perfectly workable scheme of classification, which was instantly adopted by all systemalists ; and notice was further drawn to it by its author's fIymeno{)terous Notes in the Ann. Soc. Fratice. These new sub-genera and those of Forster were synonymized by Schmiedeknecht in 1890 and Ashmead in 1900. The whole of the two hundred palaearctic species of heterogeneous Hemiteles were redescribed l)y thr former in 1897, and he is now publishing a short systematic account nf the entni- sub family as 1 It would be iiiterestiiiK lo know to what species Dc Gcrr (Mi'in. vii. 3K ; t. iii. lij;. to, rr) rcfiirrcd as an apterous jumping Cryptus. XIV INTRODUCTION. represented in Europe. The Stilpnini, con.sisting of the genera Atractodes (with ExolytLis) and Stilpnus have held a most anomalous position ; the former was at first included in the Ichneumoninae and the latter in the Ophioninae. Forster, however, recognized their relationship in 1876, and they were relegated to a position at the end of the Cryptinae by Thom.son in 1884. Turning to a consideration of what has been done in this sub-family in Britain, we find one or two kinds mentioned at the beginning of the last century by Donovan. vStephens, in September, 1835, classified Stilpnus, Pezomachus, Ilemiteles, Mesostenus, Phygadeuon, Cryptus, Echthrus and Atractodes as British genera, but he enumerates as indigenous only five species of Stilpnus (as they still stand), twenty-seven of Phygadeuon (sensii Into), and fifty of Cryi)tus, the remaining genera being simply indicated. Two or three are noticed by Curtis as new, but these are now nearly all synonymized with those of older authors, and Haliday described sixteen supposedly new kinds in 1839. These latter are interesting, inas- much as they have lain perdu ever since, and it is only now that they are first synonymized with those of other authors ; the types are in the Dublin Museum. Smith and Desvignes contributed some notes on the economy of Hemiteles to the Trans. Ent. Society in 1859, and three years earlier the latter's British catalogue was published. Following Gravenhorst's nomenclature, he instances fifty-eight species of Cryptus, of which five are described as new, twenty-five of Phygadeuon, three of Mesostenus (in- cluding AI. transfiiga), fifteen of Hemiteles and twenty-three of Pezo- machus, two of Atractodes and Stephens' five Stilpnus, giving a total of one hundred and forty-one species, of which many are synonyms. Rev. T. A. Marshall described two new Phygadeuones and several brachypterous forms in the E.M.M., and in 1870 published his Catalogus, which raised the British number to two hundred and fifty-four kinds (including Mesos- temis gladiator and Forster's brachypterous genera). This was closely followed by the same author's Catalogue, published by the Entomological Society in 1872, which enumerates two hundred and seventy-one different kinds.^ Then came a revulsion of feeling in favour of Ichneumonidae, which took the tangible form of Bridgman and Fitch's " Introductory Papers " in the Entomologist ; notes and local lists also began to appear. Walker gave an account of those species which he took in the Isle of Man, Parfitt and Hellins and Bignell in Devonshire, Bloom field and Butler about Hastings (embodied in my Vict. Hist. Sussex list), Wilson and Roebuck and Bairstow in Yorkshire, Dale and Pickard-Cambridge in Dorsetshire, Marquand in Cornwall, Bridgman in Norfolk and Capron in Surrey. Subsequently we have lists from Essex (Harwood, in Vict. Hist.), Johnson in northern Ireland, Luff in the Channel Islands, and my accounts of the Ichneumonidae of Cambridgeshire and Suffolk in the Victoria History. All these contributed to swell the total, till, in 1901, I found it to stand at three hundred and seventy British species of Cryptinae. It was very obvious, however, that among this mass was a great deal of synonymy regarding Forster's Pezomachus, his brachypterous genera in relation to macropteious Phygadeuones, and the opposite sexes in general. This I have endeavoured to obviate to the best of my ability, with the 1 All thfi species referred to as doubtfully inditjenous ainoiiK tlie Cryptinae in this Catalogue by its author (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1S72, p. z(f\), eg,. Liiioccias iiuicrobatus, Ntiiinlopodiiis /ormosiis,Catalytus futveolatus and Agrothofiites abbrevintor, have now been abundantly confirmed. INTRODUCTION. XV (2). I. (I). 2. («)• 3- (7)- 4- (6). 5- (5)- 6. (4). 7- (3)- 8. (lo). 9- material available, and the total nuniber of kinds now presented is reduced through this cause to three Iiundred and seventeen species, distributed through forty-one genera, of which only seven species and two genera are new, though many of the species have not before been noticed in Britain. A TABLE OF FAMILIES OF THE ICHNEUMONIDEA (PARASITICA). Abdomen emitted from metanotum Evaniidak. Abdomen emitted from apex of metathorax. Front wings with discoidal nervures. Terebra rising from near apex of the usually deplanate al)domen. Front wing with two recurrent nervures ... Ichneumonidae. Front wing with one recurrent nervure ... Braconidae. Terebra rising from near base of the usually compressed abdomen Cvnipidae. Front wing with no discoidal nervures. Antennae of S with some ring-like joints ; venter emitting terebra Chalcididae. (9). 10. Antennae of S with no ring-like joints ; anus emitting terebra Proctotrvpidae. A TABLE OF SUB-FAMILIES OF THE ICHNEUMONIDAE. (4). r. First segment basally contracted ; areolet pentagonal. (3). 2. Mesosternum deeply sulcate Cryptinae, (2). 3. Mesosternum not sulcate Ichneumoninae. (i). 4. First segment not petiolate ; areolet not pen- tagonal. (8). 5. Abdomen dorsally deplanate ; post-petiole broad. (7). 6. Metanotum not longitudinally costate ; terebra exserted Pimplinae. (6). 7. Metanotum longitudinally costate ; terebra not exserted '{'rvihoninae. (5). 8. Abdomen laterally compressed ; post-petiole linear Ophioninae. The comparative frequency of ijrachypterous and apterous forms in the present sub-family, to which they are nearly confined among the Ich- neumonidae, renders it more essential to notice the conformation of the basal segment than the shape of the areolet ; and it must also be remem- bered, in order to differentiate these parasites from the wingless Braconidae, that in the former the segmentation is flexible and the abdominal joints telescopic, while in the latter the central .segments are connate and rigidly soldered together. An example in point is that of Pezomachus Rosen- haueri, Ratzeburg, which its author bred from the phytophagous coleopteron Cryptocephahis viinutus, Fab., and which is placed by XVI INTRODUCTION. Marshall in the Braconidous genus Pambohis, Hal. Even when of normal length, the wings of some of the genera of the Cryptinae have the penta- gonal areolet imperfect, through the absence or weakness of the external nervure, and in a few species even the internal nervure is so short as to render the areolet very irregular. In the classification of the Cryptinae, I have in the main followed Prof. Thomson's scheme, though in placing the Phygadeuonides before the Cryptides I think that Taschenberg, who treated the sub-family more as part of a whole than have the later authors, had more regard to the natural order. In their alar neuration and usually fully developed meta- thoracic costae the Phygadeuonides certainly bear a closer analogy to the Ichneumoninae than do the Cryptides, on account of the often sub-quad- rangular areolet and obsoletely costate metathoraces of the latter. It has been truly said that Hemiteles is Phygadeuon in miniature, and wherever the latter be placed it cannot be separated from the former : if the Phyga- deuonides be placed first, Hemitelini must next follow. As I have said elsewhere, Pezomachus is divisible into several genera, though I think it at present inexpedient to adopt the divisions ; the antennal conformation must form the basis of these genera, some of which (the Sylvicola group) will be most closely allied to Phygadeuon, while others (the Instabilis group) will be closely related with the Spinolia group of Hemiteles. Till these genera be erected, however, it is better to place Pezomachus, on account of its lower development and the antennal conformation of the majority of its species, next after Heniiteloides. The question of the natural position of the Stilpnides is much more puzzling, if indeed such do at all exist ; the shortly, and in some cases not at all, exserted terebra allies them with none of the present sub-family, but the apically incomplete areolet and small size resemble Hemiteles, while the curious conformation of the metathorax, with its comparatively few areae, the elongate form, and (in Atractodes) slender antennae are more comparable with the Cryptides. These latter, in their genera Xylophurus, Nyxeophilus and Acroricnus, bear such strong Pimplid facies that it appears most natural to place them at the end of the present sub-family, immediately preceding the sub-petiolate Xorides ; and here, perhaps, I should also have included Helcostizus, a most specialized insect, forming, as has several times been pointed out, a connecting link between the Phygadeuonides and Cryptides. If, however, one follow up this latter connection it leads to the conclusion that the Stilpnides are placed first or last, immediately after Ichneumoninae, with which they possess nothing but the concealed terebra in common or next before the Pimplinae, from which they too materially differ. And, further, that the curious apterous Pezomachi fall out of sequence entirely. On the whole, I consider it better to take the semi-circular view ; the Phygadeuonides at the beginning falling in development to the Hemetelini and, finally, the Pezomachini (to the indeterminate condition of whose specific characters I have referred), then rising through Stilpnus with its short and stout antennae, Atractodes with its incomplete metathoracic areation and imperfect areolet, the Mesostenini with irregular areolet and peculiar areation, to the Cryptides, which, although highly developed, do not bear the full complement of metathoracic areae, and are consequently certainly most closely related to the Pimplinae. Our present classification is, however, notoriously super- ficial, and the above, it will be seen, is based purely upon facies. (4). (3)- (2). SUB-FAMII.Y CRYPTINAE. A Table of Tribes. Metathorax with distinct longitudinal costae. Areola separated from petiolar area by a costa Phvgadeuonides. Areola and petiolar area confluent Stilpnides. Metathorax with no longitudinal costae Cryptides. Phygaileuonidts. Stilpnides. Cryptides. Tribe PHYGADEUONIDES. The characters of the Cryptinae are far less satisfactory than are those of the Ichneumoninae ; and, simple as it appears from the above table, the differentiation of the tribes is by no means easily placed in words, though their various points of dissimilarity are sufficiently apparent to the practised eye. I have already drawn attention to one great source of difficulty in the present sub-family, viz., the inclusion of both winged and apterous forms. It is necessary at the outset to say that many of the Fezo/nachi, and a few of the smaller Phygadeuones, in this condition have no trace of longitudinal nietathoracic costae. That they do not belong to the Cryptides is, however, abundantly demonstrated by their comparatively incrassate antennae and shorter legs. All previous authors have agreed to separate the Phygadenonini from the Ilemitelini by characters of eejual importance with those by which they are divided from the Cryptides, but I quite fail to agree in this separation, — -indeed, if the mass of species found in our latitudes were of less unwieldy proportions, it would be more natural to make no distinction of the kind — for the characters usually indicated as distinctive consist simi)ly of the areolet in the Heniitelini being more or less obsolete externally (a modification not always occurring therein, and occasionally found in the P/iygadeuonini), of the former having the head less cubical (and all descriptions of shapes are exhibited in /Jemite/es), and, which is a poor character, though the best at present discovered, the antennae and legs of Hemitelini are always much more slender. From the Cryptides the present tribe may be distinguished by having the metanotum nearly always fully and com|)lelely costate, both longitudinally and transversely, by the petiolar area, which is always well-defined, being 2 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. {Phygadeuonides. sub-divided longitudinally by two costae, by the stigma of the wings being usually broader, the basal ncrvure more or less curved, and the costal abscissa smaller. From the Sii/pnides, to which some Hemifeles and most male Pezomachus closely approximate, the distinct convexity of the metathorax at the point where it is normally bisected by the transverse costa will at once separate it, for in the former the metanotum is gradually declived throughout from base to the often produced apex. Sub-tribe PHYGADEUONINI. Table of Genera. (30). I. Basal abdominal segment not broader at base than apex. (3). 2. Metathorax with but one transverse costa Helcostizus, Forst. (2). 3. Metathoracic transverse and longitu- dinal costae entire. (23). 4. Mesonotum not centrally sulcate. (24). 5. Petiolar area not reaching base of metathorax. (25). 6. Lower outer angle of discoidal cell not acute ; $ face pale. (12). 7. Metathoracic spiracles oblong or oval. (11). 8. Antennal scrobes obsolete ; tibiae finely spinulose. (10). 9. Frons very finely punctate GiRAUDiA, Forst. (9). 10. Frons strongly punctate COELOCRYPTU.S, TV^wwj. (8.) II. Antennal scrobes distinct; tibiae strongly spinulose Plectocryptus, Thovis. (7). 12. Metathoracic spiracles small and cir- cular. (20). 13. Clypeus not apically bidentate ; ab- domen mainly black. (15). 14. Head transverse; abdomen strongly pilose .. Trichocryptus, Thorns. (14). 15. Head not transverse ; abdomen nor- mally pubescent. (19). 16. Mandibular teeth unequal in length ; head normal. (18). 17. Metathorax smooth or punctate Cratocryptus, T/io»is. (17). 18. Metathorax rugose Demopheles, /"i^rji-/. (16). 19. Mandibular teeth of equal length ; head sub-cubical CUBOCEPHALUS, Rafz. (13). 20. Clypeus apically bidentate or abdomen centrally red. (22). 21. Basal thoracic area not transverse nor apically convergent Microcryptus, Thorns. (21). 22. Basal thoracic area transverse and strongly convergent apically Acanthocryptus, Thorns. (4). 23. Mesonotum deeply longitudinally sul- cate centrally Obisiphaga, Mori. (5). 24. Petiolar area reaching base of meta- thorax Cremnode.s, Forst. (6). 25. Lower outer angle of discoidal cell acute ; $ head black. (27). 26. Scutellar fovea transcarinate centrally ; tibiae spinose Glyphicnemis, Forst. Phygadeuonin:.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. (26). 27. ScLitellar fovea entire ; tibiae not or hardly spinose. (29). 28. Facial pubescence normal ; Ijody not elonjfate I'UVCADKUON, Grav. (28). 29. Facial pubescence dense and lonj^ ; body stronyly elongate I'ANARC.VROPS, Fiirsi. (i). 30. Basal abdominal segment broader at base than at apex Okksbius, Marsh. Discoidal cell obtuse. Discoidal cell acute. HELCOSTIZUS, Fdrster. Forst. Verb. pr. Rheind. 1868, p. 186; Cyrtocryptus, Marsh. Tr. Ent. Soc. 1872, p. 259. Head not narrowed behind the eyes ; vertex centrally immarginate, cheeks sub-buccate ; clypeus short and, in $ , apically sub-membranaceous ; labrum free and sub-triangular; mandibles not stout, apically contracted, with the lower tooth small. Antennae not elongate, sub-filiform ; scape excised to nearly below its centre. Notauli distinct and somewhat short; mesosternal sulci not reaching centre; epicnemia nearly entire; meta- thorax shoit, with but one transverse costa, before which the basal area is not transverse ; spiracles small and circular. Abdomen of 9 sub-clavate, of (J nearly linear, finely alutaceous throughout ; basal segment only slightly curved, convex, with spiracles a little behind its centre ^ and no dorsal carinae. Tibiae sub-mutic ; front ones of ? inflated and l)asally constricted. Wings with stigma somewhat narrow, areolet small and sub-convergent, all the nervures distinct to the outer margin ; nervellus intercepted below its centre. This genus contains but a single British species and is placed by Ashmead among the Xoridini on account of the sub-sessile abdomen, although its present position is that assigned to it by all other authors. Schmiedeknecht retains Taschenberg's name for it, which antedates Forster's by three year.s, and makes no mention of Marshall's, under which it has hitherto been known in Britain. Only one other species, Ifelero- crypiits macu/dfus, Woldst., is included in this genus on the Continent. Among the Cryptinae it is as incongruous as is A/omvia among the Ich- neumoninae, l)ut no more natural ]iosition at jiresent appears open to it. (Confer, however. Prof R. Krieger in Zeits. Syst. Hym.-l)i[). 1903, p. 292.) I. brachycentrus, Grav. Cryf'tiia hrarhyreiilriiSy Gr. I. E. ii. 457 ; .Ste. III. Man. vii. 27S, i 9 . Cyrtocrypltia bnuhyn'iitni^y V'oll. I'inac. pi. xli. fij;;. 5. Mesoityplim Inachyinitnis, Tlioms. O. K. vi. 592. JirachytcnUiis biai/iyieiilrns,'^chm. 0\M<.c. Ichn. viii. 590. /i. /'//n/>/tirii/s,'Vasc\\. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 106, 6 9. Head hardly narrower than thorax ; vertex broad and not declived behind the ocelli ; frons not prominent, dull, i)iibescent and finely punc- • Gravenhorst distinctly says " tuberculis lateralibus jtaiilu ante medium sitis"; he considered the petiole to be the apex and the post-petiole (" pars aiitica ") the base of the first scKmont. 4 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \Helcostizus. tate tliroiighout ; clypeus short and hardly discreted ; labrum white, narrow and apically acute ; j)alpi infuscate ; 6 with face and cheeks white. Antennae black with scape sub-ovate ; flagellum filiform, hardly attenuate basally, of 9 with joints six and seven white above ; of $ with the tenth to the fifteenth acutely granulate below, and the scape white beneath. Thorax oblong, dull, finely punctate and pubescent throughout ; epomiae obsolete ; niesosternal sulci slender and not reaching beyond the centre ; epimera glabrous ; $ with prosternum and callosity beneath the radix white- marked ; metathorax apically rotund, pleural costa distinct and transverse, angularly produced towards the base ; coxal area wanting, the basal narrow and parallel-sided. Scutellum black, basally margined laterally, with its basal fovea neither deeply impressed nor striate. Abdomen very finely pubescent, sub-petiolate ; first segment short and somewhat curved, broader apically and in $ linear; the second not transverse, with its epi- pleurae inflexed and spiracles contiguous with the margin ; the fourth to the sixth gradually shorter, the seventh and eighth longer with the former basally sub-excavate ; terebra straight, not slender and hardly longer than the hind metatarsus ; $ with the ventral valvulae sub-spinosely compressed, $ with segments four to seven narrowly white-margined. Legs elongate, slender and, including coxae, red ; posterior tarsi and the hind tibiae externally infuscate, front tibiae whitish-testaceous and somewhat strongly inflated; $ with anterior coxae and trochanters white. Wings not clouded, radix and tegulae white, areolet rarely interstitial externally ; discoidal cell with fenestra entire and its lower external angle, situated beneath the outer angle of the areolet, sub-acute. Length, 6-9 mm. The almost sessile abdomen of this species lends it a strongly Pimplid appearance, and the short terebra and very small areolet all render it distinct. Bridgman and Fitch say this species is not uncommon in Britain ; and on the Continent, where it has been raised from Saperda populnea, it occurs in September throughout the northern and central regions. I have, however, never taken it, and the only females I have seen, are one in the British Museum collection, mixed with several incorrect males, and one in Marshall's collection, also in the British Museum, from Lastingham in Yorkshire. GIRAUDIA, Forster} Forst. Verb. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 184; Caloayptus, Thoms. O. E. vi. 594. Frons dull and finely punctate ; labrum not free ; lower mandibular tooth the larger ; antennal scrobes obsolete ; $ face pale. Flagellum of $ 1 Ichneumon belliis was thus described by Gravenhorst (I.E. i. 571) from a single ? sent to him by Hope, who captured it near Netley in Shropshire :— Antennae hardly half the length of the body, centrally white-banded; scutellum black. Abdomen oblong-ovate, as broad as the thorax, deplanate and strongly nitidulous; black, with segments two to four red, and the sixth and seventh obsoletely wliite dorsally ; post-petiole gradually dilated towards the apex, longitudinally impressed and twice broader than the petiole; terebra not exserted. Legs normal, red; apices of the hind femora and tibiae, and all the tarsi, black. Wings clouded ; areolet pentagonal ; radix white, tegulae black. Length rather more than three lines. Stephens in 1835 records it as "scarce; found near London in July"; but no one appears to have noticed it in Britain since then. In his Remarques critiques on Gravenhorst's types in 1859, Wesmael says "il appartient an groupe des Cryptus," and that it should there form a distinct sub-genus on account of its short and inflated antennae, which are enlarged from the centre to the apex. In this respect it apjiears related with Girainliii, but the entirely concealed terebra points to a Tryphonid, rather than to a Cryptid, association. Till more is known of it, it were better not to place it in our catalogue; though an examination of the type, which may be in the Oxford Museum, should settle the question of the systematic position of this exclusively British species. Giraudia.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 5 centrally incrassate. Mesonotum dull and finely punctate ; cpicneniia abbreviated above, not reaching wings ; nietathorax sometimes basally, especially in ? , obsoletely areated ; basal area parallel-sided or very rarely transverse ; areola complete and distinct ; spiracles somewhat large and oval. Basal segment with no dorsal carinae. Tibiae not very distinctly spinose. Lower exterior angle of the discoidal cell neither acute nor further from the base than the centre of the areolet, its external fenestra entire. Size not small. I. congruens, Grav. Cryptus congruens, (Jr. I. E. ii. 533, 6 9 ; Ilolmgr. Sv. Ak. Ilandl. 1S54, p. 51, 6. ritygadeiioii (om^ntens, Tasch. Zeits. Ge.s. Nat. 1865, p. 41. Calocrypttis ioiigritens. Thorns. O. E. vi. 595, (5 9 . Head sub-triangular, narrower than thorax ; cheeks nitidulous and not buccate, palpi flavous ; of $ with mouth and face flavidous-white ; of $ with facial and vertical orbits, the not prominent epistoma, a mandibular mark and usually another on the apically truncate clypeus, red. Antennae of S elongate, apically attenuate, black, with scape beneath and a central flagellar band white ; of ? centrally incrassate and white-banded, basally rufescent (at least beneath) with scape infuscate above. Thorax black, dull, very finely punctate and pubescent throughout ; epomiae and notauli short ; a dot beneath, and in S before, the radix testaceous ; mesosternal sulci distinct, not reaching the centre ; nietathorax apically obliquely trun- cate, with the discreted petiolar area and sub-parallel-sided areola distinct ; pleural costa very, coxal and lateral less, determinate ; of S dorsally san- guineous-marked. Scutellum, and sometimes in 9 post-scutellum, flavous- white ; of $ somewhat, of $ strongly, convex. Abdomen of 6 elongate, of ? sub-oval, sub-convex, shining, obsoletely punctate and pubescent ; red, with the apical three or four segments black ; post-petiole of ^ glabrous, gradually dilated apically, nearly twice longer than broad, of $ somewhat elongate, slightly curved, a little dilated apically, immarginate, finely pubescent with no dorsal carinae ; segments four to six of $ with a prominent ventral fold, the sixth to the eighth retractile and the seventh dorsally pale, its terebra straight and rather shorter than the abdomen. Legs somewhat stout, red ; all the coxae, excepting sometimes the front ones of the (^ and marks on the hind ones in $ , black ; anterior tro- chanters sub-infuscate above ; hind femora nearly entirely black ; anterior tibiae obviously, the hind ones hardly, spinulose. Wings fulvescent or sub-hyaline ; areolet strongly convergent above ; radix silaceous, tegulae infuscate and sometimes centrally pale ; nervellus intercepted far below its centre. Length, 8-12 mm. This species, which is distributed throughout northern and central Europe, was first recorded from Britain by Desvignes in 1856, and it does not appear to have been since mentioned in any of the local lists or records. Both sexes are, however, represented in Dr. Capron's collection from the neighbourhood of Shere, in Surrey, and Marshall has captured females at Botusfleming, in Cornwall. COELOCRYPTUS, Thomson. Thorns. O. E. vi. (1S74), 597. Frons strongly i)unctate with scrobes obsolete; labrum not free ; cheeks sub-buccate and very short, of 6 nearly wanting ; mandibles elongate with 6 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. {Coelocryptus. lower tooth the larger; genal costa continuous; $ face immaculate. Flagellum of $ centrally incrassate. Mesonotum sparsely and strongly punctate ; epicncmia entire and reaching wings ; metathorax hardly areated, basal area indicated ; s|)iracles somewhat large, oval. IJasal segment with no dorsal carinae. Apical margin of the hardly spinulose hind tibiae trun- cately dilated and externally orbiculate ; anterior obviously spinulose. Lower angle of the discoidal cell neither acute nor further from the base than the centre of the areolet, its external fenestra entire. Size not small. Ashmead (Proc. U. S. Museum, 1900, p. 185) sinks this genus as synonymous with Schenkia, Forst. (Verh. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 184), but I do not find that the latter's definition justifies this conclusion ; moreover, Thomson gives C. rufinits as the only exponent of this genus, relegating C. graminicola, Grav., indicated as typical of Schrankia by Ashmead, to Microcryplus, and adds that " Troligen ar Foersters Colocnema identiskt med detta sliigte " ( Coelocryptus). I. rufinus, Grav. Phygadciton rii/iiiiis, Vti. I. E. ii. 68i ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1805, p. 41, 9. P. erytlirostictus, Gr. I. E. ii. 714 et i. Suppl. 709 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 301 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 44, 6 . Coelocryptus rttfuius, Thorns. O. E. vi. 597, i ? , Head narrower than thorax, shining black ; clypeus transverse, coarsely punctate, apically truncate and sub-reflexed ; palpi pale ; mandibles of ? basally badious, of c? centrally flavous ; $ with epistoma not prominent, with a rosy mark on either side. Antennae of $ attenuate and black with scape rufescent beneath, of 9 infuscate, centrally incrassate, with the eleven basal joints ferrugineous. Thorax sub-convex ; epomiae and notauli short; mesonotum and metathorax sparsely pubescent, the latter short and shining, of $ exareolated with the pleural costa entire, of ^ with the quadrate areola, the discreted petiolar and basal area, complete; meso- sternum short, laterally sparsely punctate and shining, its sulci somewhat deeply impressed and not reaching the centre. Scutellum black and somewhat convex. Abdomen hardly narrower in $ than thorax, shining and obsoletely punctate, of $ sericeous ; testaceous-red, with segments five to seven and perhaps the base of the first black, the anal two in the ? retractile and bearing a whitish membrane ; basal segment glabrous and nitidulous, elongate and slightly curved ; post-petiole gradually dilated apically, hardly margined laterally, with no dorsal carinae though centrally foveolate ; ventral fold prominent and the infuscate terebra hardly half the length of the abdomen. Legs somewhat stout, red ; coxae, trochanters, and the hind femora, black. Wings somewhat narrow and clouded ; radix stramineous, stigma and tegulae fulvous. Length, 8-10 mm. In size and conformation, particularly of the wings, it closely resembles G. cofigruens, from which the immaculate scutellum and the absence of the pale flagellar band will at once distinguish it. Gravenhorst records the male from Netley in Shropshire and Stephens from near London in June. Dr. Capron has more recently taken it at Shere, in Surrey ; but it does not appear to have been noticed elsewhere in Britain, nor to have been bred.^ 1 The Phygadcuoii rufinus of the British Museum collection is nothing but 1'. fumutor, Grav. (7? ?,!(?)• Plectocrypius.^ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 7 PLECTOCRYPTUS, Thomson. Thorns. O. E. v. 519; vi. 599; cf. ix. 850; (?) Epiphobus, Forst. Verb, pr, Rheinl. 186S, p. 185. Scrobes distinct ; peristpmium broad ; flagellum of $ filiform ; meta- thorax with longitudinal costae and oval spiracles. vScutellum somewhat convex. Abdomen usually black ; petiole distinctly bicarinate ; tibiae strongly spinulose. The above characters will serve to distinguish this genus, originally comprising several species which were subsequently relegated to Micro- ctyptus by Thomson, who confined it to C. digitatus and P. scansor on account of their black abdomen, broad peristomium, longer and stronger mandibles and shorter cheeks. From the preceding genus it may further be differentiated by the head which is more contracted in front of the antennae, the colour of the petiole, conformation of the scutellum and in not having the flagellum centrally incrassate. . Schmiedeknecht, in 1905, appears to have overlooked Thomson's re- striction of this genus (Opusc. Ent. 850) and places in it species later transposed by the latter to Microcryptus and here treated of under that genus. Tabic of Species. (6). I. Spiracles ovate ; scutellum black ; femora red. (5). 2. Head of $ pale-marked ; ? macropterous. (4). 3. Flagellum pale-banded ; anterior trochanters black I. DIGITATUS, Gmel. (3). 4. Flagellum not pale-banded ; anterior tro- chanters white 2. LEUCOPSIS, 6^mz/. (2). 5. Head of (J immaculate ;$ brachypterous 3. GRISESCENS, 6^raz/. (i). 6. Spiracles linear ; scutellum white ; femora black 4. TINCTORIUS, Grav. I. digitatus, Gviel. Ichneumon digitatus, (jmel. S. N. i. 2688. Phygadeuon digitatus, Gr. I. E. ii. 642 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 48; Capron, Entom. 1879, P- '4> ?• Plectocryptus digitatus. Thorns. O. E. vi. 602 ct xxi. 2382, 6 9 . Cryptus bivinctus, Gr. I. E. ii. 465 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 78, 6 . Head black, with mandibles except their apices, pale ; $ with frontal orbits, labrum and palpi, dull white. Antennae centrally in both se.xes, and sometimes the i scape beneath, white ; of $ filiform and half the length of the body. Thorax immaculate, with short grey pilosity ; meso- notum shining, strongly and somewhat sparsely punctate ; metathorax roughly punctate, with the areola indistinct and apically truncate ; petiolar area nearly vertical and discreted, with the apophyses strong in $ , wanting in (J. Scutellum black. Abdomen strongly nitidulous and shortly pilose ; of (J elongate, and of 9 ovate, as broad as thorax, incrassate towards the anus, with the basal segment gradually dilated apically, the post-petiole bicarinate and sub-quadrate with distinct spiracles, and the seventh seg- ment with a white membraneous dot ; terebra rather longer than half the abdomen. Legs stout and red, with coxae and trochanters black ; $ with the hind tarsi and apical half of their tibiae infuscate, and the second to fourth joints of the latter pure white. Wings a little clouded, of ? narrow 8 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [P/ectocryptus. and of ^ ample ; radix stramineous, tegulae black ; nervellus intercei)ted far below its centre. I^ength, 8- lo mm. In size and conformation this species is similar to Microcryptus cto-vus, but the female's black abdomen, coxae and trochanters, and stouter red legs will distinguish it ; it also bears a curious superficial resemblance in both sexes to Ctatidineumon anniiltitor. Fab. Dr. Capron (Entom. 1880, p. 88), who found it at Shere in Surrey, was of opinion that C. bivinctus is not tiie true male of this s])ecies as indicated by Desvignes and Marshall, and adds that he has taken an insect " which is without doubt the true male." In his collection are one female and two males, of which the latter are distinct inter se ; the larger certainly bears a strong resemblance to P. dii^i/aius, but the metathoracic sculpture is very different and the two basal segments are scabriculous. It is a common species in the northern and central districts of Europe, though only recorded in IJritain certainly from about Hastings. I possess specimens captured by Piffard at Felden in Herts., and by Miss Chawner in the New Forest ; and myself took a female in the Ipswich district of Suffolk in 1894. I>ignell has captured it at Ivybridge, near Plymouth, in May, and Wilson Saunders, at Greenings in Surrey, in June. 2. leucopsis, Grav. Iclincunton caiialiculatiis,^ var. i, Gr. I. E. i. 142, {, ; cf. Wesm. Mem. coiiron. Ac. Belg. 1S59, p. 16. Cryptus leucopsis, Gr. I. E. ii. 467 ; Holmgr. Sv. Ak. Ilandl. 1S54, p. 52 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. Tj, . 74, excl. 9 . Phygadeuon cinctorius, Ta.sch. ///'. cit., p. 38, (J 9. Trichocryptus cinctorius. Thorns. O. E. vi. 610 ; cf. Brisch. Schr. Nat. Gcs. Danz. 1882, p. 340. Head narrower than thorax, black ; temples not narrowed behind the eyes, frons finely reticulate, face pilose ; labrum apically free, palpi rufes- cent. Antennae reaching slightly beyond apex of the thorax, filiform, with the scape excised to its centre ; of ? somewhat incrassate towards the obtuse apex, and the flagellum basally attenuate, with the first joint dis- tinctly curved externally, and the third to the tenth rufescent ; of $ pilose, setaceous and entirely black. Thorax oblong, a little compressed, some- what dull and immaculate ; mesonotum very finely punctate, with notauli distinct and entire; mesosternal sulci nearly entire, epimera punctate; metathorax not transverse, finely rugulose, with long white pilosity, com- plete upper areae, and large though apically obtuse apo[)hyses ; areola rectangular or elongate, emitting the strong costulae from before its centre; petiolar area entire and sub-vertical. Scutellum a little convex, densely pilose and obsoletely punctate ; of c^ black and of ? entirely, or broadly at the apex, white. Abdomen sub-convex, pilose and shining ; of 9 oblong-ovate, slightly broader than the thorax, of ^ sub-lanceolate; black, with the seventh dorsal segment, and apices of all the ventral, white, the three basal rarely apically badious ; post-petiole slightly convex and laterally margined, of 9 entirely glabrous and as long as apically broad, with inconspicuous spiracles, of $, elongate and gradually dilated towards the sub-strigose apex, bicarinate throughout, with prominent spiracles ; terebra nearly half the length of the abdomen, straight, with the spicula red. Legs red and somewhat elongate; the fuscescent tarsi setiferous beneath, claws strongly curved and simple ; c? with apices of the hind femora and tibiae black, and joints three and four of all the tarsi basally white. Wings slightly infumate, with the stigma not broad, and the lower external angle of the disc(jidal cell rectangular, its fenestra entire ; radix and tegulae not pale ; nervellus strongly sinuate and intercepting the recurrent nervure slightly above its centre. Length, 5-9 mm. In Britain the males are much rarer than the females, and the majority of those I have seen have the hind femora and tibiae entirely red and the 12 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. {Trichocrypiiis. hind cuxuc — like the female referred to by Taschenberg — black, with the basal joint of their trochanters concolorous. 'I'his species occurs throughout northern and central Europe, and is the Ichiieiiinon Scirpi of Fourcroy, of which Geoffroy wrote in 1764 " reperi hunc Ichneunioneni copiosissime, versus finem aetatis, in culmis Scirpi; forsan ova deponit in corpus cujusdam insecti aquatici " ; but I cannot find that it has ever been bred, and we now know no more of it than to confirm the statement that it appears to occur solely upon aquatic plants, and is usually taken by coleopterists while sweeping in such situations, which would suggest an association with some such insect as Hydrocampa nympheata. By no means rare in marshy places ; found somewhat un- commonly near London, also in Devonshire, the New Forest, etc., in June (Stei)hens) ; Acle, in the Norfolk broads (Bridgman) ; both sexes from Surbiton (/// coll. Marshall) ; Appledore, in Kent, at the end of April (Beaumont) ; Essex (Harwood). I possess specimens taken between the middle of July and the end of September at Oulton Broad, while fishing for water beetles by Bedwell, at Martham Broad on aquatic plants by Janson, at Sutton Coldfield by Willoughby Ellis ; and at Barnby Broad, in Suffolk, I have fished it up from below the surface of the water and taken it upon the flowers of Angelica sylvestris. 2. aquaticus, Thorns. Cryptus ciiiciorius, Gr. I. E. ii. 481 (indiv. max. antennis totis nigris), 9- Tricho- cryptits aqiiaiiciis, Thorns. O. E. vi. 6l\, 6 9 . Black, somewhat shining ; metathoracic areola transverse ; legs red ; $ with antennae black and scutellum white ; $ with hind coxae and trochanters black, Length, 8-10 mm. So like the preceding as to require no detailed description ; therefrom it may be known by its usually larger size, transverse areola, which is often apically arcuate and always emits the costulae from its centre, the much more strongly elevated centre of the basal segment, and the sub-rugosely punctate metapleurae and sides of the post-petiole ; the fiagellum of the female, moreover, is not basally rufescent. Thomson also indicated the black hind coxae as a specific distinction, but, as I have pointed out under T. cinctorius, this cannot be considered constant since the areola of my males is not transverse and the basal segment not elevated centrally, they were, moreover, taken in company with typical females of the first species. A single female of this species, which has not previously been recorded from Britain, in my collection, was captured by Mr. W. H. Tuck, m.a., in Finborough Park, in Suffolk, on the 24th September, 1900. Gravenhorst found it at Cudova, in Silesia, on umbels, in August ; and Thomson describes it from Sweden. There is also a female, mixed with T. cinctorius, in the British Museum ; it is, perhaps, not rare in Britain. CRATOCRYPTUS, Thomson. Thonis. O. E. v. 521 ; ( : ) Lcplodenias, Forst. Verh. pr. Rheinl. 1 868, p. 182. Body black and somewhat large. Head nearly cubical ; cheeks broad, eyes glabrous, mandibular teeth unequal ; clypeus niutic, apically shining Cratocrypfus.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 1 3 and sub-glabrous. Antennae inserted below the centre of the eyes, scape excised ; flagelluiii of the $ filiform and sub-attenuate basally, white- banded, of ^ sub-setaceous and not short. I'ronotal eponiiae ob.solete, notauli short ; mesosternal sulci usually entire ; metathoracic spiracles small and circular, areola often distinct. Scutellum deplanate. Abdomen black, with no pale bands ; petiole gradually dilated to the apex, sub- carinate, with spiracles slightly behind the centre ; second segment very closely punctate dorsally, dull and sometimes undeterminately pale casta- neous ; eighth of the $ large ; terebra usually elongate and slightly reflexed. Legs stout, mainly red ; tibiae mutic. Wings with the stigma not broad, basal nervure sub-arcuate ; the exterior fenestra entire and the lower external angle of the discoidal cell rectangular ; nervellus slightly ante- furcal and intercepted below its centre. I do not follow Ashmead in considering this genus identical with Chaereiymma, Forst., though some of its species, e._^.^ C. subpciiolaliis, may be referable to the latter ; since the areola is often more or less deter- minate, the metathoracic spiracles are always circular and the terebra is rarely longer than the abdomen. It is, however, certainly the Chaeretyinvia of Schmiedeknecht's " Die (>attungen und Arten der Cryptinen," 1890. Tdblc of Species. (4). I. Median mesosternal sulcus witli a basal cristula. (3). 2. Frons nitidiilous ; mcsosternuni some- what smooth I. FURCATOR, t'rfrTA (2). 3. Frons somewhat dull ; mcsosternuni sub- rugulose 2. .STOM.\TlCUS, Grav. (i). 4. Median mesosternal sulcus with a basal transverse line. (6). 5. Areolet convergent above ; anus very distinctly white 3. ANATORIUS, Grav. (5). 6. Areolet sul^-parallel -sided ; anus not or indistinctly white. (8). 7. Head sub-triangular ; cheeks not buc- cate ; terebra longer than abdomen... 4. SUnPETIOI.ATUS, Grtw. (7). 8. Head normal ; cheeks buccate ; terebra shorter than aljdomen. (10). 9. Mesonotum sparsely punctate ; femora red 5. PARVUI.US, Gnw. (9). 10. Mesonotum closely punctate ; femora black 6. TAKSATUs, Bridi:;. I. furcator, Crav. Ctyptus fiircator, Gr. I. E. ii. 462; Ste. 111. M. vii. 279; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. N.it. 1865, p. 75, 9 . Cralocryptiis finialor, Thonis. O. H. v. 523, c^ 9 ; rf. xxi. 23S2 it Kricch. Knl. Nachr. 1S91, p 227. Head black, with frons nitiduhjus ; ^ with the ginal and the juxta- antennal orbits, clypeus, mandibles and ])alpi white. Anteiuiae of 9 with the four central joints above, ^ with the scape bcnenth, white. 'I'horax inmiaculate ; mesosternum not rugose, its centnil sulcus wiih a bidcntate cristula i)efore the intermediate coxae. Scutilhnn black. .Abdomen as broad as the thorax, black ; post petiole suij ([uadrate, with distinct carinae ; terebra as long as the abdomen. Legs red ; hind tarsi and more or less of their tibiae inluscate ; 6 with co.xae and trochanters black. 14 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \Cratocryptu<:. Wings hardly clouded ; radix testaceous or white, tegulae white or white- marked ; areolet somewhat convergent above. Length, lo mm. Tlie male may have the tegulae and cheeks black or white, and the anterior coxae are sometimes pale beneath. Gravenhorst mentions females with a dull red callosity beneath the radix ; with the scape badious beneath ; with the basal segment apically castaneous, together with the seventh dor.sally flavidous, and the terebra slightly shorter. It differs from C. stomaticus in the comparatively smooth mesonotum, and from C. anatorius in the broader areolet, longer terebra and shorter, thicker petiole of the female. Brischke says Thomson's description does not agree with that of Taschenberg, but I do not consider the dis- crepancies sufficient to warrant such a conclusion. Kriechbaumer thought the areolet in this species and C. sfemocerus, Thorns., too variable in shape to furnish a reliable specific distinction which, he says, is to be found in the coxal coloration, and further that in the former the frons is more nitidulous and centrally foveate, while in the latter it is more excavate throughout. All British records appear to be based upon Stephens' mention of this species as occurring about London in June, and confirmation of it as indigenous was certainly badly needed. This is furnished by the presence of a single c? , kindly given to me by Mr. A. Pi.ffard, who captured it at Felden, in Hertfordshire. On the Continent it is found throughout the northern and central districts, but it does not appear to have yet been bred. 2. stomaticus, Grav. Crypltis stoDialicus, Gr. I. K. ii. 466 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 77, i . Ciato- cryptus steriioiertis. Thorns. O. E. v. 523, iro, most likely C. (juad?-iniaaila/its, in a rotten post, at Bentley, in Suffolk. It has never yet been bred, and this is the first hint we have regarding the nature of its hosts, for probing whose burrows its elongate terebra appears admi- rably adapted. 5. parvulus, G>nv. Crypliis parvtiliis, Gr. I. E ii. 459 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 279 ; Tasch. Zeils. Ges. Nat. 1865. p. 74, excl. i. C. erylhropus, Gr. I. E. ii. 469; Ta.sch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 75. S . Cralocryplus parvulus, Thonis. O. E. v. 526. i ^ ; ff. Brisch. Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1882, p. 339. Head black, with cheeks buccate ; $ with frontal orbits sometimes, ^ with more or less of the mandibles and of the clypeus, white. Antennae black ; of $ with seven basal joints often ferrugineous beneath, and the four following white above. 'I'horax immaculate ; mesonotum shining and not closely punctate ; median mesosternal sulcus terminated posteriorly by a sub-angulated transverse line; apophyses small, but distinct. Scutellum Cratocrypius.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. IJ black. Abdomen black, with the apical margins of the two basal segments often castaneous ; of ? oblong-ovate, of S narrower than the thorax and fusiform ; first segment of ? gradually strongly dilated towards the apex, and the seventh with a white membrane ; terebra straight and distinctly shorter than the abdomen. Legs red ; all the coxae and trochanters of the (?, but only the front coxae occasionally of the 9, black; all the femora red and somewhat stout. Wings a little clouded; radix dull white ; tegulae of S white, of ? black ; areolet broad and parallel-sided, emitting the recurrent nervure from its centre. Length, 6 mm. The male sometimes has the scape beneath, and the trochanters, white ; it is very like that of C. stomaticits, but the areolet is longer and exactly quadrate, besides the mesopectoral conformation. Found in June, near London (Stephens) ; Brundall, Heigham osier carr, and taken at Lynn by Mr. Atmore (Bridgman) ; Acomb Wood, near York, and bred from Emphytus ductus (Wilson); Essex (Harwood); Wellington College, Berkshire, in April (Hamm). I have recorded the male of this species from Barnby Broad, in Suffolk (E.M.M. 1899, p. 209), under the name Cryptus erythropus, querying at that time the certainly incorrect synonymy with Cryplus lugu/>ris, Grav. ; it was taken upon the flowers of Angelica sylvestris in a very marshy spot towards the end of August, and about the same time I swept a second male in a marshy meadow at Henstead, in Suffolk. I have not again met with it, which circumstances, added to Bridgman's localities, lead me to think it is a fen insect. Dalglish has given me the female from Bigmopton, in Scotland, taken early in May ; Piffard, from Felden, in Herts. ; and Tuck a male from Benacre Broad, on the Suffolk coast. 6. tarsatus, Bridg. Phygadetion tarsatus, Bridg. Trans. Ent. Soc. 18S1, p. 150, pl.viii., ff. 9 9a, 6 9. Head with clypeus distinctly discreted and apically truncate ; face somewhat coarsely punctate in ? , more finely in $ ; frons centrally im- pressed, strongly and somewhat closely punctate with the interstices reticulate ; $ with clypeus and the internal orbits flavous. Antennae of ? normal, centrally white-banded ; basal flagellar joint twice longer than broad and longer than the second, the sixth quadrate. Thorax immacu- late ; mesonotum closely and finely punctate, with the notauli more distinct in $ ; metathorax finely rugose-punctate, with the apical transverse costa laterally distinct and the sides of the ill-defined areola weakly indicated ; spiracles ovate. Scutellum black, shining and somewhat sparsely punctate. Abdomen smooth, shining and immaculate ; of 9 ovate, with the basal segment gradually dilated throughout and the second transverse, of c^ with basal segment slender and hardly apically broader than the petiole, its spiracles minute ; the three following segments elongate with the fifth transverse; terebra three-cjuarters of the length of the abdomen. Legs somewhat slender, black ; the hind tarsi piceous and centrally white ; apices of the front femora and, in 9 , of their tibiae and tarsi, red ; c^ with anterior tibiae and tarsi fulvous, with base of the hind tibiae and femora red. Wings with tegulae dull stramineous. Length, 6-9 mm, Bridgman has included this species under the present genus in his c 1 8 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Crnfocrypfits. collection at the Norwich Museum, and it appears to agree very well there- with, excepting in tlie ovate spiracles. Its relation to C. stomaticus seems to be very close, though the areolet is parallel-sided (as figured by him) and the legs darker. It does not appear to have been recognized, nor even mentioned, upon the Continent. Cameron took the only known specimens, a male and three females, near Lamlash, in Arran, towards the middle of September. DEMOPHELES, Forster. Fcirst. Verb. pr. Rheinl. iS6S, p. iS6; Mecocryptus, Thorns. O. E. vi. (1874), 607. Head nearly cubical, genal costa not inflexed ; clypeus strongly dis- creted, its apex broadly rounded, with a central triangular excision which is obsolete in the $ ; mandibles elongate, with acute teeth, of which the upper is the longer. Antennae short ; post-annellus a little shorter than the slightly excised scape. Abdomen smooth and shining, black. Tibiae not or hardly spinulose. This genus is said to agree to a certain extent with Cubocephalus, though differing materially in the conformation of the mandibular teeth, the less cubical head, the not or scarcely inflexed genal costa, triangularly excised clypeus, more nitidulous and apically compressed abdomen, slightly longer and apically sub-attenuate antennae, straight and shorter terebra, obvious frontal puncturation and pale orbital line. Thomson himself thought his genus probably synonymous with Demopheles. I. caliginosus, Grav, Phygadeuon caliginosus^ Gr. I. E. ii. 645, excll. i et var. 9 • P. corrnptor, Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 49, 9. Mecocryptiis caliginosus, Thorns. O. E. vi. 607, i ?. Elongate, black, smooth and shining. Head nearly cubical, evenly, coarsely and somewhat closely punctate ; black, with frontal orbits white and mouth ferrugineous ; cheeks sub-buccate, smooth and shining ; epis- toma prominent and $ with mouth and face also white. Antennae of ^ black, of ? red-brown, filiform and not stout, though slightly incrassate beyond the centre ; scape of 9 red, of $ white, beneath. Thorax of $ immaculate, of S with callosities before and beneath the radix, white ; niesonotum sub-glabrous and nitidulous, obsoletely punctate, with the notauli short; mesosternal sulcus deeply impressed and reaching beyond the centre ; metathorax rugose, with the areola narrow and sub-obsolete ; petiolar area distinctly impressed centrally ; apophyses obtuse, spiracles circular. Scutellum black and deplanate. Abdomen elongate-lanceolate and apically sub-compressed, glabrous and nitidulous, with segments six and seven white-margined and the two basal generally apically castaneous ; basal segment slightly curved laterally, dorsally deplanate and aciculate nearly to the hardly explanate apex, carinae wanting ; second not punctate, with spiracles contiguous with the lateral margin ; terebra straight, one quarter the length of the abdomen, and shorter than the metatarsus. Legs somewhat stout, red, with the whole of the hind coxae black ; hind tarsi, Demopheies.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. IQ with sometimes the base and apex of their tibiae, iiifuscate ; c^ with anterior coxae and trochanters white. Wings normal, liardly clouded ; radix and tegulae white. Length, 6-8 mm. Taschenberg says that this species, which is the Phy^adeuon corritptor of Marshall's 1872 Catalogue, is very like Cubocephalus brevicornis, but that the second segment is not, as in that species, punctate ; the inner orbits are white and the antennae less incrassate ; the conformation of the wings is similar to those of C. nii::riven/ris. It occurs in June throughout northern and central Europe, but I know of no specific British records, and it was not recognized as indigenous till 1872. There are three males and two females in Dr. Capron's collection, probably captured in Surrey. CUBOCEPHALUS, Ratzeburg. Ratz. Ichn. d. Forst. ii. (1S48), 121 ; Paiii/iiatkits, Forst. Verb. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 185. Stenocryptus, Thorns. O. E. vi. (1874), 603. Head cubical, cheeks very broad and temples buccate behind the small eyes ; mandibles somewhat elongate with the teeth of equal length ; clypeus strongly discreted and apically mutic. Antennae of ? not longer than thorax, incrassate ; post-annellus shorter than the slightly excised scape. Abdomen oblong, sub-parallel-sided, of ? apically sub-compressed ; basal segment with obsolete carinae, second densely and very finely alutaceous, longer than the third. Legs stout, calcaria not reaching the centre of the metatarsi ; tibiae mutic. Wings with the areolet pentagonal. Thomson says that his Stowcryptus agrees most closely with Crato- crypfus, but that the head is more cubical with much more buccate cheeks ; the antennae are shorter, with the scape as long as the post-annellus and less deeply excised apically ; the abdomen, also, is smaller and nearly glabrous. From Mecocryptus (Demopheles), he says it differs in the apically entire clypeus and larger mandibular teeth, though similar in facies and the form of the head. The position of this genus has been a doubtful point ever since its erection by Ratzeburg, who says the female abdomen resembles those of both Campoplex and Xorides ; to the latter it appears related in its pos- teriorly buccate head and short legs, and attention has also been drawn to the similarity of its antennae to those of A/omyia. The male, however, bears distinctly Cryptid facies, and both sexes have the pentagonal areolet : I do not find the position of the petiolar spiracles described. Marshall, in 1872, follows Taschenberg in retaining it in Phygadeuon, and Thomson treats of his sub-genus in the same position. Cuboiephalus is not placed by Forster, though its synonymy with Cy/hceria, Schiodte, Rev. Zool. 1837, p. 140 (given by Ashmead as the same as Lampronota, Hal.) is queried. Ashmead sinks Sterwcryptus as a synonym of Pammachus with no type (the type of tiie former is ttigrivefi/ris, Thorns. O. E. 521) under the Cryp- tinae, and gives Cubocephalus as (juite distinct, also with no type (the type is forlipes, (Irav., cf. Ratz. /oc. a/.), under the Xoridini. ' 'I'he present appears to be the most convenient tentative position for this genus, which Schmicdi'knecht, retaining 'I'Ikjuisoii's name, thinks may also include Ecporlhefor, Forst. C 2 20 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \CiibocephaIus. Table of Species. (6). I. Fions distinctly punctate ; terebra reflexed. (3). 2. Head baccate beliind eyes ; frons sparsely punctate '. i. kok'IIPKS, Gniv. (2). 3. Head cubical ; frons closely punctate. (5). 4. Basal segment laterally curved ; areola entire ; orbits pale 2. NIORIVKNTRIS, Thorns. (4). 5. Basal segment laterally straight ; areola obsolete; orbits immaculate 3. liRKViCORNlS, Tasch. (i). 6. Frons sub-glabrous ; terebra straight 4. OVIVKNTRIS, 6'nex'. C. fortipes. C. fortipes. I. fortipes, Gmv. Cryptiis fortipeSf Gr. I. E. ii. 473. Cnhocephalns fortipes, Ratz. Ichn. d. Forst. ii. 122. Piiygacieiion fortipes ,i:^s\\. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 52, 9 . Steiiocryptiis fortipes. Thorns. O. E. vi. 605, i 9 . Black, somewhat shining and sub-glabrous. Head globose, sub-buccate with the vertex broad, sub-quadrate and dilated behind the eyes ; palpi testaceous, mandibles of ? mainly red ; frontal orbits white-marked, $ with face or the inner orbits, the cheeks and the mouth white ; frons somewhat sparsely and strongly punctate. Antennae of ? not quite half the length of the body, piceous or ferrugineous, centrally incrassate and white-banded, apically obtuse, infuscate, with basal flagellar joints dull ferrugineous ; of $, black and setaceous, with the scape white beneath. Thorax cylindrical and immaculate ; metathorax sub-rugose and somewhat dull, with the petiolar area discreted ; the spiracular indicated in 9 , distinct and inflexed in (?, with the spiracles circular-oval but small ; areola laterally entire but confluent with the basal area ; apophyses wanting. Scutellum black. Abdomen hardly narrower than the thorax, of $ deplanate and less shining basally ; first segment deplanate and confluently punctate, gradu- ally dilated in a straight line to the apex, with the post-petiole apically castaneous-marked and in $ bicarinate ; the second quadrate with marginal mark and sometimes another on the disc castaneous, in $ basally bicari- nate ; the next two transverse and parallel-sided ; the remainder in the ? narrowly clear-white margined ; terebra hardly shorter than the abdomen, reflexed, with the valvulae black. Legs stout, and in 9 entirely dark red or with the anterior infuscate ; $ with coxae black, the front ones, with all the trochanters, white beneath, and apices of the hind femora and tibiae, with all the tarsi, infuscate. Wings slightly clouded, radix testaceous ; tegulae infuscate, of $ white. Length, 8-10 mm. The $ sometimes has the hind femora infuscate, their tarsi brown and two white callosities before the radix. This species is very similar in conformation, colour and puncturation to C. nigriveniris, but is larger with the head dilated behind the eyes, vertex broader, frons more strongly and sparsely punctate ; the female has the Cubocephalus.'] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 21 flagellum centrally pale, with the legs stouter, and the male the thoracic spiracles nearly oval and the second segment often hasally bicarinate. The distribution of this species is said to extend throughout the nortliern and central districts of Europe. Ratzeburg bred the females in Germany, with Tryphon (Meso/eius) fiiger, Grav., from A I/an/ us cingu/a/iis, and tlie males from the bark of trees. It would appear to be of rare occurrence in Britain. I have seen a female taken by Bignell, at Horrabridge, in Devonshire, in mid-September, and A. J. Chitty has given me a male, which he captured, in the New Forest, in June, 1893. 2. nigriventris, Thonis. Phygadenon fa/iginosus, Gr. I. E. ii. 645, iet\s.x. 9 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 22, (i 9 . Slenocryptus nigriventris. Thorns. O. E. vi. 604, S ? • Elongate, black, sub-glabrous and somewhat shining. Head large, nitidulous and not narrower than the thorax, with the vertex broad and not declived, temples tumidulous ; frons deplanate, with usually a considerable orbital dot, and the scrobes not large ; epistoma not prominent, clypeus transverse, mandibles twice longer than broad ; ^ with palpi testaceous, face and mouth, with the buccate cheeks, white. Antennae of 9 filiform, black, with no central pale band, less than twice longer than the head ; of $ not reaching beyond the thorax, somewhat attenuate, with the basal joints rufescent, and the scape usually white, beneath. Thorax elongate, of S with two white dots near the radix ; pronotum short, with the epomiae nearly wanting ; mesonotum finely punctulate ; mesosternum shining and sparsely punctate, with the epicnemia nearly entire, and the lateral sulci well-defined, though not reaching beyond the centre ; metathorax not transverse, areae of the S complete, of the 9 '^^'ith petiolar area distinct, areola outlined and the lateral costae indistinct ; spiracles small and circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen oblong, black and nearly glabrous ; basal segment extending beyond hind coxae, gradually dilated throughout and slightly curved, of ? with no dorsal carinae ; post petiole densely and very finely alutaceous or aciculate, and dull ; the second hardly transverse, dull and sub-punctate, with the remainder nitidulous ; terebra reflexed and half the length of the abdomen. Legs of the ? stout and entirely red ; S with the anterior coxae basally and the hind ones entirely, apices of the hind femora and of their tibiae, black ; hind tarsi infuscate and centrally rufescent. Wings hardly clouded, with the stigma somewhat large ; tegulae black, of 6 white ; radix flavescent, areolet pentagonal ; nervellus intercepted far below its centre. Length, 6-8 mm. Gravenhorst's female is quite distinct from that of the present species, which is the P/iygadeuon ca/iginosus of ALarshall's Catalogue, in which the typical i is misprinted " 9 •" Bridgman has recorded this species, whose range extends throughout north and central Europe, from Sparham, in Norfolk ; and Bignell from Stonehouse, in Devon, in August. In July, 1904, Donisthorpe gave me a female of this species, which he had " dug at Market Bosworth, Leicester- shire, from a burrow of Te/ropiuin cas/aneiitn, in a spruce tree " ; there was, however, no direct evidence of this species' parasitism upon the longicorn coleopteron (cf. E.M.M. 1906, p. 41). Dr. Capron has also 22 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \Cubocephalus. taken it at Shere, in Surrey ; and Chilly at Hunlingfit-ld, in Kent, in August. 3. brevicornis, Tasch. Phygadeuon oviventris, Gr. I. E. ii. 648, excl. 6 . P. brevicornis, Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 48, 9 . Head stout and black ; the discreled clypeus, face and vertex very finely and closely punctate with isolated larger punctures ; mouth flavous. Antennae filiform, red-brown, stout, apically obtuse and rather shorter than half the body ; basal half of flagellum with short, moniliform joints of equal breadth ; scape ferrugineous below. Thorax immaculate ; metathorax dull and finely alutaceous ; only the nitidulous apical transverse costa and short lateral ones, beyond the circular spiracles, present. Scutellum black. Abdomen oblong-ovate, as broad as the thorax, and basally closely punc- tate ; black, with segments five to seven white-margined ; basal segment dorsally deplanate, laterally straight and gradually explanate apically ; terebra slightly reflexed and half the length of the abdomen. Legs stout, entirely red ; tibiae sericeous. Wings somewhat ample and hardly clouded ; radix white, tegulae fulvous. Length, 7 mm. Brischke has placed this female, of which Thomson makes no mention, in the present genus, where it is closely allied to C. nigriventris in its stout head and antennae, short flagellum, circular spiracles, the conformation of the basal segment, and the stout legs. Schmiedeknecht, in 1905, queries the synonymy of P. brevicornis therewith, while admitting Gravenhorst's male, P. oviventris, to have been originally correctly associated with its female. From C. nigriventris, however, the present species may be known by its broader abdomen, which has the apical segments white-margined, and the metathoracic costae are more obsolete. This species was first noticed in Britain by Marshall in 1872 ; but I have heard of no records. On the Continent it is found, in early September, on the flowers of Ang;elica sylvestris. There is a male, which may belong to this species, from Shere, in Capron's collection. 4. oviventris, Grav. Phygadeuon oviventris, Gr, I. E. ii. 648, excl. ? ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 49, i 9 . Steiiooyptiis oviventris. Thorns. O. E. vi. 606, i 9 . Head black ; frons sub-glabrous, laterally white-marked ; ? with inner orbits, S with face, clypeus and mouth, stramineous and apices of man- dibles ferrugineous. Antennae of ^ sub-setaceous, nearly as long as the body, with the scape stramineous beneath ; of ? stout and sub-incrassate towards their apices, with white central band. Thorax immaculate ; meta- thoracic areae very distinct in ^ , areola alone indicated in ? ; petiolar area discreled, spiracles circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen as broad as the thorax, ovate, deplanate, shining, black; petiole linear in c? , gradually explanate in ? ; post-petiole of ^ parallel-sided, carinate and longitudinally rugose, of 9 punctate, in (^ distinctly and in 9 hardly bicarinate ; anus of 9 sub-compressed and apically white-marked ; terebra straight. Legs normal, red, of $ with the hind tarsi alone infuscate ; S with the anterior paler, their coxae and trochanters stramineous ; and the hind ones with Cubocephalus.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 23 tarsi and apices of tibiae black. Wings normal, hyaline ; radix and tegulae flavescent. Length, 4--6 mm. It differs from C. fortipes in its smaller size, nearly smooth frons, narrower vertex, longer antennae and, in the female, longer flagellar joints and narrower pale central band. This is a somewhat common species in Britain, though I have never personally met with it. Thornley has found it at Leverton, in Notts., in September.^ Tuck has taken several males at Benacre Broad, on the Suffolk coast, late in August, and a female at Aldeburgh towards the end of September J Piffard has found it at Felden, in Herts., and there is a full series in Capron's collection from Surrey; Wilson bred two examples of this species at York, from Einphytus cinctus, in May, 1S81 ; and Bridgman records it from Earlham, near Norwich. It extends throughout the northern half of Europe. MICROCRYPTUS, Thomson. Thorns. O. E. ix. (1SS3), 850. Head with cheeks elongate ; clypeus truncate or produced, but not bidendate ; face of S often pale-marked. Antennae of ? always white- banded. Pronotal epomiae nearly wanting ; metathoracic spiracles circu- lar or oval-circular, rarely elongate ; basal area laterally sub-parallel, and not transverse nor strongly convergent posteriorly ; apophyses often acute ; lateral sulci usually half the length of the mesosternum. Scutellum often pale. Abdomen nearly always abruptly red centrally ; $ with basal seg- ment generally entirely or apically red, terebra exserted. Radial nervure not emitted from beyond the centre of the stigma, and not, or hardly, longer from areolet to apex than from stigma to areolet ; lower external angle of the discoidal cell obtuse or rectangular, never acute ; fenestra entire. Thomson (/oc. cit.) remarks that, since the species of this genus have almost oval metathoracic spiracles, it appears more convenient to associate with them those Phygadeuonids with elongate spiracles which he had pre- viously (O. E. vi. 599) placed in his genus Plectocryptus, retaining that name solely then for the reception of P. digitatiis, which differs from its original congeners in its black abdomen, broad peristomium, shorter cheeks, and longer and stronger mandibles. Schmiedeknecht, in 1905, however, has seen fit to disregard this revision (Ichn. 0{)usc. 592) and retains this group with elongate spiracles in the former genus, as did Ashmead, in 1900. A new genus appears to be needed to embrace the Plectocryptus group of Microcryptus as here understood. The species of this genus will easily be distinguished from those of Phyi^adcuon by their more elongate and slender facies, by the females' white-banded antennae and obsolete costulae, and by the profuse coloration, especially as regards the head, of the males. These latter are of very much more frequent occurrence, at least in Britain, than the females, which probably have more sluggish and retiring habits, and rarely disport themselves upon the sweets of umbelliferous flowers. Some of the males with pale tarsi are liable to be mistaken for those of our genus Cryptus until the metathoracic structure be examined, in fact M. pcrspUiUator stood 24 BRITISH ICHNiaiMONS. yMicrocryptus. for long in our catalogue as the alternate sex of C. obscurus, from which it is quite distinct. The mesosulcus (sternauli) must also be examined, since in coloration and the often deplanate post-petiole, the males resemble certain Platylabi, and some of the females bear such facies that they are separable by no other means from those of the genus Cradchneunwn {cf. Ichn. Brit. i. 66). Tiidle of Species. (lo). (9). I 2 (4). 3. (3). 4. (6). (5). (8). 5. 6. 7. (7). 8. (2). 9. (I). 10. (1 8). II. (13). 12. (12). 13. (15). 14. (14). 15. (17). 16. (1 6). 17- (II). 18. (20). 19. (19). 20. (36). 21. (25). 22 (24). 23- (23). 24. Metathoraic spiracles large and usually d Post-petiole notpunctulate ; spiracles elongate ( Plectocryptus, Tlioins. ). Second segment finely punctate ; (J face and scutellum black i. Second segment glabrous ; ^ scu- tellum and part of face pale. Anus red 2. Anus black. Orbits of $ pale ; apophyses of 9 normal 3. Orbits of $ immaculate ; apophyses of $ stout 4. Post-petiole punctulate ; spiracles rotund-oval 5. Metathoracic spiracles small and sub- circular (MlCROCRYPTUS, aiictt.). Post-annellus not or hardly longer than scape ; $ flagellum dilated ; $ face black. Metathoracic costulae entire ; meso- pleurae strongly punctate 6. Metathoracic costulae wanting or mesopleurae not strongly punc- tate. Areola entire ; terebra one-third length of abdomen 7. Areola basally incomplete ; terebra half length of abdomen. Metanotum evenly punctate and deplanate; petiole of $ red 8. Metanotum coriaceous and convex ; petiole black 9. Post-annellus longer than scape ; 5 flagellum filiform ; $ head usually pale-marked. Frons closely and strongly punctate ; apophyses stout 10. Frons not closely and strongly punctate ; apophyses slender or wanting. Petiolar area elongate ; frontal orbits of $ , and often of 9 , not black. Spiracular area right-angled in- feriorly ; SGUtellum entirely im- maculate. Apophyses distinct ; frontal orbits white; coxae black 11. Apophyses wanting ; frontal orbits and coxae red 12. istinctly elongate. RUFIPES, Grav. PERSPICILLATOR, Gt'clV. ARROGANS, Grav. FLAVOPUNCTATUS, Bridg. SUBGUTTATUS, Grav. IMPROBUS, Grav. RUFONIGER, Bridg. GRAMINICOLA, Grav. Spinolae, Grav. BI FRONS, Gmel. abdominator, Grav. ERRATOR, Marsh. Microcryptus.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 2$ (22). 25. Spiracular area not right-angled ; scutelluni of c? white, of $ usually rufescent. (27). 26. Head distinctly narrowed pos- teriorly ; frontal orbits white ... 13. .\RRIDENS, CT/r^f. (26). 27. Head less distinctly narrowed pos- teriorly ; frontal orbits of $ not white. {2)2>)- 28. Clypeus not apically produced in the centre. (30). 29. Anus white 14. oal.actinus, Grav. (29). 30. Anus not white. (32). 31. Frons of $ not finely punctate ; wings of 9 normal 15. LEUCOSTICTUS, 6'r3- Clypeus apically produced in the centre. (35)- 34- Basal segment normal ; coxae black ; petiolar area elongate 17. CR ETATU.s, Grav. (34)- 35- Basal segment stout ; co.xae white ; petiolar area normal 18. larvatus, G'/v^t/. (21). 36. Petiolar area not elongate ; frontal orbits immaculate. (38)- 37. Tibiae basally white-banded 19. BASIZONIUS, Cniz'. (37)- 38- Tibiae not white-banded. (46). 39. jMetathoracic costae distinct ; $ ma- cropterous. (41). 40. Petiolar area reaching centre ; ab- domen sericeous 20. seric.\n.s, Grav. (40). 41. Petiolar area not reaching centre ; abdomen sparsely pilose. (43). 42. Areola basally incomplete ; hind tarsi white-banded 21. TRiciN'CTUS, Grav. (42). 43. Areola entire ; hind tarsi not white. (45). 44. Mesopleurae rugulose ; metapleurae irregularly rugulose 22. ERYTHRl.NUS, Gra7'. (44). 45. Mesopleurae coriaceous ; meta- pleurae transcostate 23. sperator, J/////. (39). 46. Metathoracic costae $ sub-obsolete ; $ brachypterous. (50). 47. Clypeus oi $ apically produced ; 9 thora.K black. (49). 48. Head twice broader than thorax 24. graviceps, Marsh. (48). 49. Head of normal breadth 25. draciivpterus, r7;-(t7/. (47). 50. Clypeus of $, not produced ; ? tho- rax mainly red. (52). 51. Basal segment of 9 only partly red ; <^ with orbits pale and clypeus black 26. MiCROPTERU.s, Grav. (51). 52. Basal segment of 9 entirely red ; ^ orbits black and clypeus pale ... 27. i.ahralis, Grav. A Colour Tabic of the Males. (20>. I. Srutellum at least partly white. (3). 2. Anus broadly white 8. CRAMINK oi.A. (2). 3. Anus not white. (5). 4. Tibiae white-banded 19. BA.SIZONIUS. 26 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \Microcryptus. Tibiae not white-marked. Face entirely white 13. ARRIDENS. Face not or only partly white. Orbits not white 4. FLAVOPUNCTATUS. Orbits at least partly white. Hind tarsi white-banded. Pronotum not white. Callosity beneath radix white 2. PERSPICILLATOR. Callosity beneath radix not white 3. ARROGANS. Pronotum white 15. LEUCOSTICTUS. Hind tarsi not white-marked. Pronotum not white. Callosities at radix not white 16. NIGROCINCTUS. Callosities at radix white 18. larvatus Pronotum white 17. CRETATUS. Scutellum black. Head not white-marked. Antennae centrally white-banded 6. IMPROBUS. Antennae not white-banded. Hind femora apically black 20. SERICANS. Hind femora entirely red i. RUFIPES. Head white-marked. Face not white-marked 27. labralis. Face entirely or laterally white. Whole face white. Pronotum and cheeks not white 10. BIFRONS. Pronotum, and often cheeks, white 14. GALACTINUS. Only the orbits, and sometimes epistoma white. Anus white {cf. also No. 22) 23. SPERATOR. Anus not white. Hind tarsi white-banded. Callosities at radix white 5. surguttatus. Callosities at radix not white 21. tricinctus. Hind tarsi not white-banded. Vertical dots white Ii. ABDOMINATOR. Vertex immaculate. Clypeus not white. Anterior trochanters white 26. micropterus. Anterior trochanters not white 25. BRACHYPTERUS. Clypeus white 22. erythrinus. (4). s. (7). 6. (6). 7. (9). 8. (8). 9. (IS). 10. (14). 1 1. (1.3)- 12. (12). 13. (II). 14. (10). IS. (19). 16. (18). 17- (17). 18. (16). 19. (I). 20. (26). 21. (23). 22. (22). 23. (2S). 24. (24). 2S. (21). 26. (28). 27. (27). 28 (32). 29 (.31). 30. (.30). 31- (29). 32. (34). 33 (.3.3). 34 (3«). 3S (37). 36. (36). 37 (35). 3« (40). 39 (.39)- 40 (44). 41 (43). 42 (42). 43 (40. 44 I. rufipes, Grav. Ichneumon curvus, Schr. F. B. II. ii. n. 2087, $ . Phygadeiwn curvns, Gr. I. E. ii. 679, cf. i. Suppl. 706; Ste. 111. M. vii. 299; Ratz. Ichn. d. Forst. i. 146; Tasch. Zeits.'Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 42, 9 . Crypttis rttfipes, Gr. I. E. ii. 453; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 71, c?. Plectooypiiis cmviis. Thorns. O. E. vi. 599. JMicrocryptus curvtis, Thorns, lib. cit. ix. 854, ' c? 9 ; coarsely punctate ; nieta- thorax rugose, areae complete and areola transverse in the 6; 9 with the areola triangular, apically straight, with no costulae ; basal area and apophyses distinct ; spiracles large and oval. Scutellum in both sexes black, of 9 deplanate. Abdomen of 9 ovale and as broad as the thorax, of the ($ elongate-lanceolate, black, with at most the margin of the second segment castaneous ; 9 with the second, third and apex of the first segment, red, and the seventh and eighth white-marked ; petiole glabrous, with distinct carinae, apically dilated and very slightly curved laterally, of 9 transverse ; second segment distinctly, though very finely, punctate ; terebra as long as the metatarsus. Legs not short and of 9 somewhat stout ; red, with coxae, trochanters, the sparsely but evidently spinulose hind tibiae except basally, and their tarsi, black. Wings somewhat clouded ; radix rufescent, of <^ stramineous ; tegulae infuscate. Length, 8-IO nmi. Bouche (Naturg. 144) tells us the larva of this species is elongate, fleshy and white, glabrous and finely wrinkled ; the mouth organs of the rounded head are indicated by brown lines, with only the mandibles dis- tinctly movable ; the imaginal six legs are represented by yellow dots ; the stigmata are very small and stramineous ; its length is four lines. He adds that it preys upon the larvae of Geonielra piniaria, but that it evacuates the host and pupates on the earth in an elliptic, sooty black, papyraceous cocoon. This species is common throughout the whole of Europe. Gravenhorst, who took the female on umbelliferous flowers in August, says that Hope found several specimens of the same sex about Nelley, in Shropshire ; and Stephens adds that the female used to be rare about London in June. I have seen females taken by Luff in Alderney, Piffard at Felden, Miss Chawner in the New Forest ; on November 3rd, 1894, I swept a S in the Bentley Woods in Suffolk, and possess another male captured by Yerbury, at Parknasilla, in Ireland, on 22nd July, 1901. [Since the above was written, I have received from Mr. James Waterston what is undoubtedly the true female of M. rufipes, Grav. This is very satisfactory, since Ichneumon curvus is so very dissimilar from Cryptus rufipes as to have always left considerable doubt in my mind concerning the propriety of Thomson's (presumably arbitrary) conjunction of these species. It now remains to discover the c^ of /. curvus. Mr. Waterston's female is : — Black, with the anterior tibiae and tarsi and all the femora alone red ; the antennae have the five central flagellar joints white above. Head anteriorly nearly triangular, frons closely and coarsely punctate and pu- bescent, with the scrobes somewhat large ; the clypeus discreted, punctate and apically truncate ; mandibles stout, with efjual teeth ; cheeks straight, not buocate, and much longer than base of mandibles ; epistoma intu- mesccnt ; vertex abruptly declived, but not emarginate, posteriorly ; palpi and ligula piceous. Antennae somewhat slender and basally sul)-attenuate, with the apex obtuse ; post-annellus slightly longer than the s(a|)e and, with the two following joints, apically sub-nodulose. Thorax nitidulous j 28 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Microcryptus. mesonotum evenly, distinctly and somewhat finely punctate, with elongate notauli ; metathorax rugulose, with all tiie arcae obsolete, though trace- able ; areola semicircular and a little broader than long, with the apex weak and truncate ; costulae wanting, basal area rectangular and very short, apophyses distinct ; spiracles large and oval. Scutellum black, of the same convexity as that of (^ . Abdomen oblong, not broader than thorax, immaculate ; petiole glabrous, with distinct carinae, apically dilated and laterally straight, post-petiole transverse ; remainder of abdomen nitidulous and finely alutaceous throughout ; terebra one-third the length of the abdomen. Legs somewhat slender, with the femora not stout ; extreme base of hind tibiae also rufescent. Wings slightly clouded ; radix casta- neous, tegulae black. Length, g mm. This female was captured at Whiting Bay, in the Isle of Arran, 6th to 2oth September, 1903. Chitty has also found it at Loch Awe, in May, 1893.] 2. perspicillator, Grav. Cryptiis perspicillalor, Gr. I. E. ii. 503 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 2S3 ; Holmgr. Sv. Ak. Ilandl. 1854, p. 52 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 82, $ . Phygadenon abdominator, var. 3, Gr. I. E. ii. 72S, 9 . P. obscuripes, Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 43, excl. i . Plectooyptus perspicillator. Thorns. O. E. vi. 601, tJ ; Schm. Opusc. Ichn. 599, c? ?• Alicrocryptus perspicillator, Thorns. O. E. ix. 854, i 9 . Var. Cryptiis leiicotarsus, Gr. I. E. ii. 524; Ste. 111. M. vii. 285 ; Tasch'. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 93, 6. Head with the vertex not angularly emarginate centrally; of c^ very finely punctate, nearly smooth and somewhat shining, with the mandibles, palpi, the broad cheeks, external orbits partly and the internal entirely, generally a V-shaped facial mark and the clypeus, white ; $ with the palpi and the frontal orbits red. Antennae of $ setaceous and black, with the scape white beneath ; of the 9 not abruptly attenuate apically, centrally white, with the post-annellus longer than the scape. Thorax of $ with a white callosity beneath the radix, and the notauli extending nearly to the disc of the mesonotum ; $ costulae w^anting and apophyses normal ; spiracles large and oval. Scutellum of $ black ; of (^ at least apically, as well as sometimes the post-scutellum, white. Abdomen red, wath the first segment, except generally its apex, and in $ base of the second, black; post-petiole smooth, of S slightly longer than broad ; second segment alutaceous, not punctate ; terebra hardly half the length of the abdomen. Legs slender and black ; anterior femora, tibiae and tarsi red ; femora of 9 except at apex, and $ with the intermediate and usually front ones basally, black ; base and apex of the hind femora, and base of their hardly spinulose tibiae, red ; central joints of hind tarsi in S white, in $ flavous, with their apices rufescent; S with trochanters apically red, the front coxae usually white beneath and the intermediate tarsi infuscate. Wings slightly clouded ; radix and tegulae stramineous, latter in $ often partly or entirely infuscate. Length, 8-10 mm. The male is very like that of AI. curvus in size and conformation, but the colour of the abdomen, legs and head, and the much more finely punctate mesonotum will distinguish it, as will the white (joints one and base of five excepted) hind tarsi, orbits and mouth, scutcllar and frontal marks from M. abdotninator ; the female agrees with the latter species in its smooth red abdomen and in the terebra being a little longer than the black petiole, but differs in the rufescent frontal orbits, oval metathoracic spiracles, the Microcryptus?[ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 29 longer and black seven basal antennal joints, of which the following five or six are white, with the hind tarsi dull testaceous, becoming paler towards their apices. I can find nothing in the description of C. leKCOfarsus to justify specific rank, excepting, perhaps, (Iravenhorst's vague note that the whole body is more incrassate, with the legs shorter and stouter ; Taschenljerg says the hind legs are not elongate, with the femora sub-inflated ; but a specimen in my collection, named by Bridgman, agrees ad amussini with M. per- spicillator ; it has the clypeus and i)ronotum white, the front coxae piceous and the metathorax coriaceous, with the areola hexagonal and entire, with its lateral costae weak, the basal area parallel-sided, the petiolar not dis- creted and the spiracles oblong. The conformation of the metathorax will at once separate it from Ciyplus a/l>a/oriiis, Vill., which it very strongly resembles in coloration. The female of this species is so remarkably like that of Cratichneumon laniits {cf. Ichn. Brit. i. 68) that it is difficult to believe there is no close affinity between these species. The present, however, has the mesopleural sulci well defined, the antennae and legs longer, with the latter stouter and the body less nitidulous. This is an abundant species and occurs throughout the Continent, where Gravenhorst took both sexes in July and the male in May. Stephens found it about London in June and in Shropshire ; Bridgman at Earlham, near Norwich, in July, and he says it has been bred at Lynn from Ttacliea pini- perda ; the female is recorded from the Hastings district, and I'itch (Entom. 1880, p. 255) bred it from the marble galls of Cynips Kollari 7x\. Maldon. Doubtless most of the British records of this species are mixed among those of Crypiiis obscurus, with which Marshall incorrectly synony- mized it in his Catalogue. The variety leucotarsus is mentioned from London in June by Stephens, and from Essex by Harwood. I possess both sexes taken by Capron at Shere, by Piffard at Felden, and by myself in the Bentley Woods ; females found in the New Forest by Miss Ciiawner ; males at Guestling by Bluomfield, Greenings in Surrey by Wilson Saunders in May, 1872, and at Brockenhurst by myself in August. Chitty has taken males at Huntingfield and Doddington, in Kent, in June ; and at Offchurch in September. 3. arrogans, Grav. Cryptus arrogans, Gr. I. E. ii. 494; Ste. III. M. vii. 2S1 ; Ilolmgr. Sv. Ak. Ilandl. 1854, p. 51 ; Tasch. Zeils. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. S6, i. Pliy(;adenon abJominator, var. i, CJr. I. E. ii. 727,9. JVeitoiry/'tiis arroi^ans, Tlioms. O. E. vi. 601, <5 ; .Scliin. Ichn. Opusc. 599, 6 9. (?) /'. seiiex, Kricch. Ent. Nachr. vi. p. 55, ro- gans. Thorns. O. E. ix. S55, 6 9- \'ar. Ciyptus effemiuatus, (jr. I. E. ii. 532; Tascli. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 87, ,5 . Var. Mesoleplus albitatstis, Gr. I. E. ii. lO, i ; if. rfankuch, /.eits. Syst. Ilyni. 1905. Head with the vertex not angularly emarginate centrally ; 9 witli frontal orbits dull fcrrugineous ; ^ with only the internal orbits, or with whole or part of the palpi, mandibles, labrum, cheeks, clypeal mark, centre of the epistoma, lower external orijils and the vertical dots also, white. An- tennae of 9 not abruptly attenuate a[)ically, post-anncllus longer than the scape, the five central joints wliile and the basal four of the llagellum fcr- rugineous beneath ; of ^ setaceous, witli the scape usually while beneath. Thorax immaculate ; 9 costulac wanting and apojjhyses normal ; spiracles 30 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \_MicrocrypUis. large and oval or oblong. Scutellum black ; of $, nearly always wholly or partly, with sometimes also the post-scutellum, white. Abdomen red, with first segment except its apex, apical margin of the fourth in $ and fifth in $ , and whole of the following, black ; post-petiole sub-quadrate in $ ; second segment smooth; terebra nearly half the length of the abdomen. Legs of 6 elongate, slender, coloured as in A/, perspicillator, but with the anterior coxae not pale, and their femora and tibiae, with the hind tibiae to beyond their centre, red ; of $ with the anterior femora apically red, the tibiae red with the apical half of the hind ones black, and the tarsi also red with the hind ones flavous and apically infuscate ; hind tibiae sparsely but evidently spinulose. Wings a little clouded ; radix somewhat pale, tegulae infuscate. Length, 7-10 mm. The male variety effeminatiis differs in nothing but its white anlennal band. From M. abdominator this species may be known by the rather larger spiracles and rufo-testaceous anterior femora, tibiae and tarsi of the female and the white facial orbits and often scutellar marks of the male. The latter sex is distinguished from M. rufipes by its broadly black hind femora, white-marked hind tarsi and head, more finely punctate meso- notum and three red central abdominal segments, and from M. per- spicillaior it differs in the black anus and much narrower hind tarsal band. The male of this species appears to be as common with us as the last- described and to have an equally wide Continental range, although Stephens says it was not very abundant near London in June. Bignell records it from Bickleigh at the beginning of August ; Beaumont has given me specimens from Chobham and Boxhill in May and July; Mar- tineau from Selsley and Solihull in the middle of May ; Yerbury from Parknasilla, in Ireland, in July ; I have several from Shere, in Dr. Capron's collection, and have taken it on the 5th and 22nd of August flying among reeds in a swampy place, in Matley Bog, in the New Forest, where it did not appear to be at all attracted by the abundant flowers of Angelica. It has been bred in Prussia from Trachea pifiiperda by Brischke. 4. flavopunctatus, Bridg. Phygadeuon Jlavopunctatiis, Bridg. Trans. Ent. Soc. 18S9, p. 414, i. Alicrocryptus clavadis, Kriech. Ent. Nachr. 1893, p. 57, c5 . ^1/- aniiatus, Kriech. lib. cit. p. 123, 9. Plectocrypiiis flavopuintaltis, Schm. Opusc. Ichn. 600, i ? . 6 . Head narrowed posteriorly, with the vertex not angularly emarginate centrally; frons punctate with the interstices finely reticulate ; the apically rounded clypeus and the epistoma flavous, and all the orbits immaculate. Antennae about as long as body, with the basal flagellar joint four times longer than broad. Thorax nitidulous throughout ; mesonotum somewhat coarsely punctate ; metanotum apically rugulose, with the areola elongate, basally incomplete and with the costulae wanting ; petiolar area rugose and not discreted ; spiracles large and oval. Scutellum slightly gibbose and shining ; flavous-marked, as also is sometimes the post-scuteflum. Abdomen smooth and nitidulous, narrower than the thorax ; black, with segments two to four and apex of the first red ; post-petiole elongate, sub- parallel-sided, bicarinate and sub-strigose. Legs slender, black, with the anterior, e.Kcepting their co.xae and trochanters, rufo-testaceous ; the hind Microcryptus?^ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 3I ones with apices of trochanters, extreme base and apex of femora, and the basal tiiird of the tibiae, with the calcaria, fulvous-red ; the two central joints of the hind tarsi white and the tibiae somewhat spinulose. Wings sub-flavescent ; tegulae piceous, radix flavous ; discoidal cell externally obtuse below ; nervellus intercepting the slightly antefurcal recurrent nervure below its centre. Length, 8-10 mm. This male is said to be very closely allied to M. perspicillatfli- and arro- gans ; from the former it differs in the black anus and from the latter, of which it is perhaps no more than a variety (allied to var. l>, Thoms.), in the immaculate orbits. ? . Head only slightly narrowed posteriorly, immaculate. Antennae filiform and only very slightly incrassate apically, with the basal flagellar joints discreted and the central four or five white. Mesothorax with some- what long and fine pilosity, notauli distinct and the central depression broad and shallow ; propleurae longitudinally strigose, mesopleurae rugosely punctate ; metathoracic areae as in J , with the petiolar large and hexagonal with obliciue marginal striation and strong apophyses. Abdomen oval and somewhat deplanate, with the second, third and apex of the first segments red ; basal segment parallel-sided to its centre and thence explanate to apex ; post-petiole strongly canaliculate, bicarinate and apically explanate laterally ; seventh with apex white and terebra one- third length of body. Legs black, with anterior femora (except base of front femora), tibiae and tarsi, and sometimes base of hind tibiae, red. Wings with stigma piceous. Kriechbaumer, who recognized neither his own former species nor Bridgman's as the male of his iM. a?-matus, says it is probably most closely allied to M. arrogans, from which it differs specifically in the colour of the anterior legs and the white-marked anus, though the obtusely triangular or sub-acute apophyses are its most distinguishing feature. Bridgman described this species from males taken at Mousehold Heath, near Norwich, early in October, 1881. The female is described from Corfu and, perhaps, also Piedmont ; it is synonymized by Schmiedeknecht, but has never yet been recorded in Britain. 1 possess males captured by Dr. Capron, at Shere, in Surrey, and a single female, captured in July at Huntingfield, by Chitty. 5. subguttatus, Grav. Cryptiis siibo^iiftatiiSy Cr. I. E. ii. 610 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 292, S. Phygadeuon siihs^iit- talus, Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 54, i. Cryptiis ptinc talus, Ralz. Ichn. il. Foist. i. 141; ii. 123; iii. 136, <5 9- C. iinerlus ct C. alhissns, Ratz. ///'. cit. iii. 13S. C. (Outractus,Vjx. I. E. ii. 617; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 104,9. Microcryptus (outiacttts, Thoms. O. E. ix. 867, 6 9 . Head somewhat narrowed behind the eyes, black, with the frons nearly smooth and the clypeus discreted; of 6 with palpi, mandibular and genal marks, and the internal orbits broadly, white ; of ? generally witii the frontal orbits ferrugineous. Antennae of c^ setaceous and slightly shorter than the body, with the scape white beneath ; of $ sub-setaceous and slightly dilated before the apex, with the six central joints white. Thorax of d usually with white callosities before and beneath the radix ; meso- pleurae nearly smooth ; metathorax coarsely rugose, petiolar area reaching 32 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Microcryptus. beyond the centre, broad. and discreted ; areola entire and not transverse, apophyses obtuse ; spiracles large and circular-oval. Scutellum black. Abdomen smooth and red, with the a{)ical half black and the anus of the $ whitish ; basal segment somewliat broad, i)etiole explanate and some- times infuscate ; post-petiole of S quadrate, parallel sided, canaliculate and, together with the second segment, closely and confluently punctate ; terebra one fourth of the length of the abdomen. Legs red, with the coxae, trochanters, hind tarsi and apices of their tibiae and femora, black ; of S slender, with all the tarsi, especially the hind pair, centrally white. Wings normal, somewhat clouded ; radix and tegulae of $ white, of $ in- fuscate. Length, 9-1 1 mm. \n its facies and conformation the female resembles Spilocryptiis in- cubitor, than which it has the terebra shorter and the antennae thicker ; it resembles the Crypti in its elongate and sub-setaceous antennae, but differs distinctly in its complete metapleural costae and carinate petiole. The large size, elongate petiolar area, small peristomium, apically truncate and sub-reflexed clypeus, the dense and very fine puncturation of the whole body, and the coloration of the male head, thorax and tarsi will render it abundantly distinct in the present genus. It may be that C. longipes, Ratz., should also be admitted as synony- mous with this species. Ratzeburg says C. pu?ictafjis is extraordinarily like it in colour, but differs in many specimens (the difference is not always apparent) in the distinctly punctate abdomen and mesothorax, the stronger metathoracic costae and immaculate scutellum ; on the other hand, the tegulae and callosity at their base are always white. Later (iii. 138) he maintains the distinction. His C. abcissjis appears to be more strongly punctate than C. pimctatus, but is separated entirely on account of its coloration. " I do not dare to place it ' among punctatits,' because it has no white on head, tegulae and scutellum," he writes. This does not appear to be a species of unusual rarity in northern and central Europe, but I can find no British records since Stephens said it was very rare near London in June ; and consequently confirmatory evidence of it as indigenous was very necessary. Gravenhorst took the male in meadows in June and the female in October ; Brischke has bred it from Lophyriis phii and L. simi/is in Prussia. The only specimens I have seen are males, one of which I swept from long, rank grass at Matley Bog, in the New Forest, on 17th August, 1901 ; the other was taken by Chitty, at Dodington, in Kent. 6. improbus, Grav. Phygadeuoii improbus, Gr. I. E. ii. 670, excl. i et var. 2 ; Tasch. Zeits. (^es. Nat. 1865, p. 36, excl. i, . Microcryptus iniprobtts, Thoins. O. E. ix. 851, cJ 9. Head in both sexes black ; ? with mandibles, except apically, and the palpi red, the latter in $ dull testaceous ; frons convex, cheeks sub-buccate, clypeus strongly discreted and apically truncate. Antennae black ; of $ sub-fusiform, centrally dilated and deplanate below, with the six basal joints red, at least beneath, and the five following white ; post-annellus not or hardly longer than the red scape, in ^ not longer. Metathorax somewhat smooth, distinctly punctate basally, with all the costae com- plete ; petiolar area discreted ; mesosternal sulci obsolete or wanting ; Microcryptus.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 33 mesopleurae punctate. Scutellum black, its fovea deeply impressed. Abdomen of ? ovate ; black, with segments two, three, base of fourth and apex of the first, red, and the seventh, together with the apex of the sixth, white ; post-petiole smooth and shining, sub-quadrate, with the sides rounded and carinae wanting ; terebra at least half the length of the abdomen. Legs of ? red, with apices of the hind femora and of their tibiae black ; of S flavous, with the coxae and trochanters black. ^Vings slightly narrow ; stigma comparatively somewhat broad ; the discoidal cell apically obtuse below; radix white, tegulae black. Length, 5-7 nun. This is the only species of the present genus whose ? has the costulae entire, the clypeus deeply discreted, and the mesopleurae strongly punctate. Thomson has excluded Gravenhorst's male and substituted one whose coloration he does not very fully refer to, though its antennae would appear to be tricoloured. In June and July this species is found throughout the northern half of Europe. Two males, taken at Earlham, near Norwich, in September, were believed by Bridgman to be referable to F. improbiis, Grav. ; and Bignell records it from Bickleigh, in Devonshire, early in August. There appears to be some confusion in the British collections between this insect and M. puncticollis, Thorns., which now represents the original male of the present species. My females are from Capron's collection captured, probably, at Shere, in Surrey. 7. rufoniger, Bridg. Phygadeiwn (Microcryptus) rufoniger, Bridg. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1889, p. 415, 9 . Head black, somewhat shining, punctate, not narrowed behind the eyes, scarcely as broad as the thorax. Antennae slightly longer than half the body, subfiliform, tricoloured ; basal flagellar joint thrice longer than broad, sixth quadrate. Thorax somewhat shining, punctate ; metathorax a little rugulose, costulae wanting, areola small and about as long as broad, narrower basally and deeply emarginate apically ; spiracles small and almost circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen elongate-ovate, as broad as the thorax, smooth and shining ; black, with three basal segments and the sides of the fourth red, anus immaculate ; first segment with no carinae, the following transverse ; terebra one-third of the length of the abdomen. Legs somewhat slender, red ; hind ones with tarsi, apices of their tibiae and of their femora infuscate. Wings clouded ; areolet pentagonal, with the outer nervure sub-pcllucid ; discoidal cell apically rectangular below ; lower wing with the first recurrent nervure scarcely antefurcal, intercepted below its centre ; stigma and tegulae infuscate. Length, 5 mm. This species is said to be very like M. improbns, but with shorter antennae and terebra, thinner legs and no white anal marking ; the costulae, moreover, are wanting. In the Norwich Museum collection it is placed next after M. graminicola. Bridgman tells us several specimens of this species, whose male appears to be still unassociated, were taken in Ashdown I''orest, on loth November, 1885, probaijly at the roots of grass. These were exhil)iled at a meeting of the South London Ent. Soc. in ALirch, i8yo (inohu, Gr. I. E. ii. 712 et i. Siippl. 708 ; Ste. III. M. vii. 301 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 45, ? ; i>ii, and ip. 90) refurs " Harlit;. Die AdcrfliiKler Dciitchslands, l-;rst. Iianyt/i>i)ius, Gr. I. E. ii. 621 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 294, 9 • Phys^m/eiioit e>jt/iriuti<:, Tasch Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 52, ?. C. ladealor, Gr. I. K. ii. 618, excl. 9. /'. lac- teator, Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 50, excl. 9. Microcryptns erylhriniis, Thoms. O. E. ix. 860, i 9 . Head black ; clypeus discreted and apically truncate-emarginate ; epis- toma hardly convex ; frons smooth, sub-pubescent, its orbits immaculate ; S with the facial orbits more broadly below, cheeks, clypeus, and the mouth, excepting a part of the mandibles, white. Antennae of 6 with the scape red beneath ; of 9 stout, filiform, hardly longer than half tiie body, the scape and basal joints red at least beneath, the third not twice longer than broad and the eighth to the thirteenth white. Thorax im- maculate ; metathorax rugulose and, in c?, with complete areae, petiolar area not reaching beyond the centre and discreted ; apophyses wanting or obsolete ; spiracles circular ; areola longer than broad, hexagonal-iiuadrate ; mesosternal sulci elongate, nearly entire, inflexed. Scutellum black. Abdomen red, with the second segment very finely alutaceous, the fifth to seventh, except their white apical margins and the base of the first, black ; of 9 oblong-ovate, as broad as the thorax, with the seventh segment broadly white in the centre and the post-petiole deplanate, sub-quadrate, a little curved laterally, and closely punctate ; post-petiole of S elongate, not laterally curved, somewhat distinctly canaliculate and finely alutaceous ; terebra as long as the al)domen, reflexed. Legs, including the coxae and the 9 t'lrsi, red ; of ^ with the hind tarsi, and both sexes with apices of their tibiae often somewhat infuscate. Wings a little clouded and narrow ; radix and tegulae white, latter in ? rufescent. Length, 5-8 mm. I'Vom its allies this species may be distinguished by its smooth forehead, finely rugulose mesopleurae, which are smooth above, the terebra which is nearly longer than the abdcMiien and obviously recurved ; and in the S by the oblong-quadrate areola, the distinct costulae which are wanting in the 9 , and in its white-marked anus. This species is the type of the genus, according to Ashmead. [It appears probable that the Phy^adenon lacteator, (Irav., standing in our lists, is no more than the ^ of the above species, the 9 of whicli con- 48 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Microcryptus. stitutes Microcryptus lacteator of Thomson and differs from that of M. erythrinus only in its buccate cheeks, closely punctate frons, black antennae, of which joints three to four are red and eight to twelve white, in its entirely red basal segment, feebly canaliculate post-petiole, infuscate front coxae and trochanters and apices of hind femora, and in the radial nervure, which is longer apically than basally. This female certainly requires confirmation before it be admitted into the British fauna, although Bridgman records '■'■ Pliygadeuoii lacleator^'^ without indicating the sex, from Earlham and Brundall in July and August, as also has Bignell from Bickleigh in the middle of June ; it is also doubtfully recorded from Battle, in Sussex, in the Hastings List.] This is not an uncommon species on the Continent, though it has been but rarely recorded from Britain. Stephens says the female used to be uncommon about London in June; in Norfolk, Bridgman took it at Norwich and Horning P'erry, and Thouless in Foxley Wood ; Bignell has captured it at Bickleigh, in Devonshire, early in September ; and I have specimens from both Dr. Capron, of females from Shere, and Beaumont, of males from Blackheath, Harting and Woking in the middle of June and of July. The latter sex seems much the commoner; I have taken it at Barton Mills, in June, and Wilson Saunders at Copthorne Common, in Surrey, in August. Chitty has taken a female in Yorkshire, in September. 23, sperator, Milll. Ichiieiivion sperator, Miill. Prodr. 157, i. Phygadctton sperator, Gr. I. E. ii. 683 ; Ste. 111. M vii. 299; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 50, (J . JMicrocryptus sperator. Thorns. O. E. ix. 861, J ? . (?) Pliygadeiion fumator, var. 4, Gr. I. E. ii. 691, i. Head black, epistoma hardly convex ; frons shining and sub-glabrous, its orbits immaculate ; ^ clypeus discreted, apically truncate and its mandibles, palpi and facial orbits, white. Antennae of $ sub-setaceous, nearly as long as the body, with the scape apically or entirely white beneath ; of $ tricoloured, with the fifth joint sub-transverse. Thorax immaculate ; metathorax somewhat shining, $ areola hexagonal and apophyses sub-obsolete ; petiolar area usually discreted and not reaching beyond the centre ; metapleurae sub-obliquely transcostate ; spiracles small and circular ; mesopleurae coriaceous, their sulci elongate, nearly entire and inflexed. Scutellum black. Abdomen red, with the second seg- ment very finely alutaceous and in $ transverse ; of $ parallel-sided and narrower than thorax ; segments five to seven, and the whole or basal half of the first, black, with the central ones of the $ sometimes dorsally infus- cate ; seventh and sometimes also in $ the sixth white-margined ; petiole of $ elongate, with weak carinae, spiracles prominent, and the puncturation close and somewhat irregular ; terebra elongate and reflexed. Legs, in- cluding the ? coxae and tarsi, red ; of c^ somewhat slender, with the coxae and trochanters badious, the hind tarsi, apices of their tibiae and most of their femora, black, and their calcaria white. Wings sub-hyaline ; radix, and the $ tegulae, white. Length, 5-8 mm. In most of the $ $ \ have examined the pronotum is anteriorly white in the centre. This species is similar to M. arridens and M. erythrinus, but will easily be distinguished by the sub-transverse fifth antennal joint of the 9 > i^^s MicrocryfiiHS.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 49 shorter and very densely alutaceous second to fourth segments, coriaceous mesopleurae and smootli frons, as well as by the radius being hardly longer apically than basally ; the $ has the legs red, with the hind tarsi, apices of their tibiae and femora, and all the coxae.and trochanters black, the last being sometimes red-marked. 7'his is by no means an uncommon species with us, though I have not seen the female and nothing appears to be known regarding its economy. It occurs in May, August and September, on umbelliferous flowers ((iraven- horst), about London, at Darenth Wood, etc. (Stephens), Felthorpe, in Norfolk (Bridgman), Horrabridge, in Devon, at the beginning of June (Bignell), Guestling, near Hastings (Bloomfield), New Forest (Miss Chawner), Grovely Wood, near Salisbury (Marshall), Tostock, in Suffolk, in July (Tuck). I have taken it flying in Lyndurst gardens, in the middle of August ; at Rockland Broad in Norfolk, in June, when W. Saunders found it at Greenings, in Surrey ; and on the flowers of Angelica sylvestris at Barton Mills, in Suffolk, at the end of August. 24. graviceps, Marsh. Aptesis gravkeps, Marsh. E.M.M. v. p. 155, 9- Head very large, twice broader than thorax and finely punctulate, black. Antennae nigrescent, with the three or four basal joints testaceous, and the seventh and eighth white above. Thorax finely punctulate, immacu- late; metathorax with distinct and punctulate areae ; basal area small and short ; areola he.xagonal, basally narrow, widest centrally and gradually contracted thence to its apex ; costulae distinct. Abdomen hardly punctu- late, nitidulous ; black, sometimes with the apex of the first segment and disc of the second more or less badious ; basal segment finely punctulate, shortly bicarinate, with two longitudinal lateral furrows ; apically glabrous and thrice broader than the petiole ; spiracles central and incons|)icuous ; terebra as long as the basal segment, fulvous, with the valvulae testaceous and apically black. Legs entirely testaceous. Wings reaching beyond apex of metathorax, sub-infuscate, with the nervures becoming apically obsolete ; stigma triangular, pale fuscous ; areolet transverse, sub-obsolete, irregular or quadrate, with the lower nervure incomplete. Length, 2\ mm. The Rev. T. A. Marshall says that in one specimen the radial cell is closed on the right side and incomplete on the left ; and that in another individual the areolet is obsolete and reduced to a punctiform knot, which is combined with rather shorter wings. The tricoloured antennae appear to leave no doubt lluit this somewhat anomalous insect should be placed in the present genus, although the remarkable conformation of the head corresponds rather with certain s|)ecies of rhv}^acieiwii. It has not yet been noticed on the Continent and finds no place in the most recent European enumeration of the Cryp(inae. Four specimens of this very distmct species were captured in a wood near Milford Haven, by Marshall, during August, 186S; and it does not E 5© BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Microcryphis. appear to have been since met with, though there is another female in his collection from Nunton, in Wilts, (in Brit. Mus.). 25. brachypterus, Grav. Ichneumov ahbreviator, Tanz. F. G. Ixxi. 17 {nee Fab.), 9. /. htaehypterus, Gr. Mon. I'etl. 29 Pezoniaihus hraeliypterus, Gr. I. E. ii. 876; Suppl. i. 715. Aptesis brachyptcra, FiJrst. VViegm. Arch. 1850, p. 91,?. Phygadeuon jejiinaior, var. 2, Gr. I. E. ii. 717, i. Mieroerypttis brachypterus. Thorns. O. E. ix. 864, i 9. $ . Head black, with the mouth an*d internal orbits, often also nearly the whole face, white ; frons obsoletely punctate ; clypeus immaculate and apically sub-produced in the centre. Antennae infuscate ; scape testaceous beneath, flagellum with several raised lines. Thorax immaculate ; costae obsolete, spiracles circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen elongate-ovate, narrower than thorax ; black, with segments two to four, apex of the first and sometimes base of the fifth, red ; post-petiole sub-quadrate, canalicu- late. Anterior legs pale red, with the coxae and trochanters black ; hind ones black, with the basal half of the femora and the tibiae, except apically, red. Wings normal, sub-hyaline ; stigma pale piceous, radix and tegulae white. 9 . Head black, with the cheeks and mandibles castaneous ; frons deeply and diffusely punctate, the vertex more finely. Antennae tri- coloured ; the five basal joints fulvous, the seventh and eighth white and the remainder infuscate. Prothorax nigrescent or rufescent ; mesonotum red, with a broad black central vitta ; mesopleurae rufescent, strongly and deeply punctate ; metathorax black, basally rufescent ; meta- much shorter than mesonotum, with the petiolar area very broad and basally entire ; areola weakly defined, apophyses obtuse and lateral costae distinct. Scu- tellum dark red. Abdomen black, with the four basal segments red and the anus whitish ; first segment laterally infuscate, sometimes longitudinally canaliculate. Legs entirely red. Wings reaching to the apex of meta- thorax. Length, 3-6 mm. The conformation is very like AI. basizonius in the ? , which differs from M. juicropterits in the ferrugineous thorax, stout spicula sub-buccate cheeks and broader, sub transverse post-petiole. The c^ only differs from the preceding in the partly pale frontal orbits, more broadly white face, the evidently produced clypeus, red anterior femora of which the hind ones, together with the apices of their tibiae, their tarsi, coxae and trochanters, are entirely black ; the $ resembles that of M. abdominator but the anterior femora are entirely fulvous and the metathoracic costae more obsolete. The male is said to occur throughout a wide Continental area in May and June, but I have heard of no British records. The female is not common with us, though Dale records it to be so at Glanvilles Wootton, and Bignell took it at Exeter, early in September ; only two examples, found by Piffard, at Felden, in Herts., have come under my observation. I have, however, taken males at Huntingfield, near Faversham, and at Assington Thicks and Farnham, in Suffolk. Beaumont, too, took it at Blackheath, in August. Microcryptus.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 5 1 26. micropterus, Grav. Ichueitinon micropterus, Gr. Mon. Peel. 26, 9. Pezoiiiai/iiis nikroptents, (]r. I. E. ii. 879. Aptesis miaoptera, Forst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 89,9. P/iygadeiion jejiiiialor, var. I, Gr. I. E. ii. 717; cf. Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 46,(5. Microcryptus micropterus. Thorns. O. E. ix. S65, 6 9 . $. Head black, with the mouth and facial orbits white; frons and clypeus immaculate, latter apically broadly rounded and not centrally produced, the former obsoletely punctate. Antennae infuscate ; scape testaceous beneath, flagellum with several raised lines. Thorax immacu- late ; costae obsolete, spiracles circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen elongate-ovate, narrower than the thorax \ black, with segments two to four, apex of the first and sometimes base of the fifth, red ; post-petiole sub-quadrate, canaliculate. Anterior legs pale red, with coxae black and trochanters white ; liind ones black, with the basal half of the femora and the tibiae, except apically, red. Wings normal, sub-hyaline ; stigma pale piceous, radix and tegulae white. 9 . Head black, with the palpi and mandibles red, latter apically black ; face finely rugulose, closely and strongly punctulate, dull ; temples shining and strongly punctate. Antennae tricoloured ; the six basal joints red, the next four white and the remainder piceous. Thorax black ; mesonotuni strongly but not closely punctate throughout ; metathorax rugose, smoother basally ; areola distinct, petiolar area discreted and basally entire ; apophyses prominent and obtuse. Scutellum black and punctate. Abdomen finely and diffusely pubescent ; black, with segments two and three entirely, apex of the first and sides of the fourth and fifth red, anus whitish ; basal segment gradually explanate, apically broad, with the basal half centrally canaliculate and the spiracles not prominent ; terebra as long as the first segment. Legs red ; coxae and trochanters paler, apices of the hind tibiae and of their femora infuscate. Wings hardly reaching beyond the apex of the metathorax. Length, 3-6 mm. The female differs from M. brachypterus in its shorter wings, longer terebra, more slender spicula, longer post-petiole and sub-infuscate head and thorax ; the $ also is very similar to the last species in colour, but the clypeus is apically rotundate and not produced centrally, its frons is immaculate, face less broadly white, the vertex slightly narrower, the anterior trochanters white and the hind femora more narrowly black. This species is widely distributed on the Continent and probably of rather more frequent occurrence with us than the next, though by no means common. The female has been found in the nests of Formica ritfa (Ent. Ann. 1861, p. 41); in August, at liickleigh, in Devon (Bignell) ; at Guildford, in 1879 (Capron, Entom. 1880, p. 88); and Greenings, in Surrey (W. Saunders) ; I have two or three sjiecimens taken at Felden, in Herts., by Piffard, and one found at Abinger Hammer, in Surrey, by Butler, in August, 1900. The male appears rarer and is only recorded l)y Hridgman as common in Norfolk, where he tcx^k no female ; I have taken it at Hursthill and I'ondhead, in the New Forest, early in August ; in Wicken Fen, in Cambs. ; in the Bentley Woods, near Ipswich ; and once by sweeping brackish reeds at ICaston IJroad, in Suffolk, on June 3rd. 1905. 52 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Microcryfins. The female has once or twice occurred to me in early June, at Belstead, near Ipswich, running swiftly, with waving antennae, over the leaves of Arctium mi/nts, especially at sundown. 27. labralis, Grav. Pliygadeuon lahralis, Gr. I. E. ii. 710; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 46, S ; cf. Brisch. Schr. Nat. CSes. Danz. 1S79, p. 342. Aptesis vestigialis, Fiirst. Wiegm. Arch. 1 850, p. 90. Miirocryptus vestigialis, Schm. Opusc. Ichn. ix. 653, ? . $. Head, with labrum, the distinctly discreted clypeus and often the palpi, white. Antennae half as long again as the body, with the scape sometimes flavescent beneath. Thorax and scutellum black ; metathorax finely alutaceous with sub-complete areae ; areola laterally straight and not separated from the basal area ; spiracles circular. Abdomen oblong- clavate and narrower than the thorax ; black, with segments two to four, and an apical mark on the first, red ; basal segment slender, with weak carinae and normal tubercles ; post-petiole gradually explanate, foveate and a little broader than the petiole. Legs slender red ; coxae, trochanters, and sometimes the intermediate femora basally, black ; hind legs with the tarsi, apices of the tibiae, and the femora above or entirely, black. Wings somewhat ample, hyaline ; radix flavescent and tegulae infuscate. Length, 7-9 mm. The similarity of this male to Phygadeuon jejitjiator, var. i, Grav., leads one to expect that it is the male of some Aptesis, but no analogy has until now been suggested. Schmiedeknecht places it as an insufficiently described species of Phygadeuo7i., but the white clypeus and scape, together with its relationship with AI. micropterus, certainly indicate its position in the present genus. Front the last-named species it differs in its pale clypeus, immaculate orbits, sub-complete metathoracic costae, infuscate tegulae and black front trochanters. ? . Head black, the palpi red-yellow, the mandibles red with black apex ; the whole face with the clypeus and the cheeks also red, only above and round the clypeus slightly brownish ; the inner orbits to above the antennae usually red. The whole face rugose, also the temples, the latter however somewhat more finely ; but the clypeus, the cheeks and the vertex, with the occiput, smooth. Antennae with joints one to eleven red- yellow, eight to eleven sometimes paler, the rest brownish. The thorax red-yellow, the mesothorax, like the head, rather distinctly but somewhat diffusely punctate ; the petiolar area of the rugose metathorax surrounded by a ridge distinct throughout and more prominent laterally ; inside this ridge are two costae which converge downwards whereby an area postero- media is produced. At the base all trace of costae is wanting, and at the sides the costulae of the areola spiraculifera are very indistinct. The wings extend a little beyond the apex of the metathorax, tegulae red-yellow ; nervures yellow, at most feebly red-yellow, apical cells incomplete. Ab- domen finely and somewhat diffusely punctured, smooth, pubescence comparatively long ; segments one to three red-yellow, the following brown ; terebra with feebly brownish sheaths, rather longer than the first segment, which is without prominent tubercles, gradually but not strongly MicrocryptusA BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 53 widciicJ IVoiu l)asu to apex. Legs red yellow, apex ul liintl leiuuia and tibiae very feebly infuscate. Length, 5 mm. My tentative association of these sexes is, I believe, no more arbitrary than many of Professor Thomson's ; and, working jiiirely upon circum- stantial evidence and the similarity of structure, the choice of ? lies between Aplesis vesfii^inlis and A. graviceps, of which the latter is at present unrecognized on the Continent. Pliygadeuon labnilis was introduced as British by Marshall in 1870, but I can find no specific records in current literature, (iravenhorst took it in June, and Schmiedeknecht indicates a wide distribution in Europe, though he has altogether omitted that of A. vestigialis, which was first found in Britain by Cham[)ion, w'no bred it from Coleophora solitarielia, together with a small $ Limneria, upon which it was perhaps parasitic {cf. Entom. 1 88 1, p. 139). Bridgman remarks, concerning this specimen (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 155), that it bore no trace of red at the inner orbits, the lines on the metathorax were scarcely perceptible, and that the antennae had the five basal joints entirely, with the two following partly, castaneous, the eighth to eleventh white above but not below. I have only seen four British specimens, all males, captured by Char- bonnier, at Lynmouth, in July ; by Piffard, at Felden in Herts. ; and by myself by sweeping a hedge-bottom at Lakeheath, in June, and upon the flower of Ange/ica sylvestris at Lackford Bridge, in Suffolk, towards the end of August. These specimens vary in size from 5I to 7 mm. ; the antennae are not or hardly as long as the body, the hind femora are sometimes pale, the basal segment is determinately canaliculate centrally throughout and laterally margined, but with the carinae obsolete. The labrum is always pale and the face immaculate, though the clypeus, man- dibles, palpi and anterior co.xae are variable in colour. The thorax and oblong-clavate abdomen are strongly pubescent, with the somewhat dull second segment centrally or basally fasciated or spotted with black. ACANTHOCRYPTUS, Thomson. Thorns. O. E. ix. (1S83), 867 ; Rhenihobius, Forst. Verh. pr. Rlicinl. 1S68, p. 1S4 cl Phyzclus, Furst. lib. cit. p. 185. Face of $ more or less, and the not centrally compressed llagelluni of 9 banded with, white. Thorax sometimes red ; mesonotum strongly punctate ; metathorax with large and stout apophyses ; the very broad and elongate [)etiolar area also sometimes laterally dentate ; costulae distinct, at least basally ; basal area transverse, strongly convergent apically and not parallel-sided ; spiracles small and circular. Scutellum depkmate, with the basal foveae usually multicostate transversely. Abdomen nearly always centrally red, very strongly nilidulous, with the first and often base of the .second segment aciculate ; basal segment laterally bordered through- out ; terebra not elongate, its valvulae often centrally ex|)lanate. Upper wings with the radial nervurc emitted from centre of the stigma, and a little longer apically than basally ; discoidal cell rectangular below, with fenestrae confluent. This is certainly a natural genus, the species of Phyzclus being too closely allied in their strong dentiparal spines, deeply punctate mesothorax, 54 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. {Acanthocryptus. broad and coriaceous petiolar area, glabrous segments and white-banded, incrassate antennae with Rhembobius to render either of Forster's genera valid ; though the divergence of conformation of the areola, terebral val- vulae, basal colour of the flagellum and their economy might enable us to consider them distinct, were it not that in A. nigrita the pleural apophyses and terebral valvulae are distinctly transitional. Tabic of Species. (6). I. Metathorax bituberculate ; areola not broader than long (Phvzelus, For St.). (3). 2. Mesonotum black ; dentiparal areae transcostate i. NiGRiCOLLis, Thorns. (2). 3. Mesonotum red ; dentiparal areae simple. (5). 4. Scutellar fovea transcostate ; hind femora dark 2. FLAGITATOR, Rossi. (4). 5. Scutellar fovea simple ; hind femora pale 3. HOPEI, J/i9r/. (i). 6. Metathorax quadrituberculate ; areola strongly transverse (Rhembobius, For St.). (8). 7. Abdomen and legs mainly red ; lower metathoracic spine strong 4. QUADRISPINOSUS, Grav. {j). 8. Abdomen and legs nearly entirely black ; lower metathoracic spine weak 5. nigrita, Grciz/. I. nigricollis, Thorns. Acanthocryptits nigricollis, Thorns. O. E. ix. 868, 9 ■ (?) Ichneiunon subtilicornis, Gr. I. E. i. 529, excl. ? ; cf. Wesm. Mem. couron. Ac. Belg. 1859, p 72. 9 . Head black, narrowed behind the prominent eyes ; frons deplanate, smoothly and confluently punctate ; epistoma and clypeus convex, latter truncately rounded and distinctly margined apically, and, with the centre of the internal orbits, apex of cheeks and the mandibles, rufescent. Antennae stout, filiform and apically obtuse ; scape and three basal flagellar joints clear red, the next two sub-infuscate, central three or four white and the remainder black. Thorax black, somewhat coarsely and confluently punctate throughout ; areola pentagonal and not broader than long, with costulae abbreviated and the dentiparal areae transcostate ; basal area narrow and hardly explanate basally ; apophyses large, obtuse and sub-reflexed ; petiolar area coriaceous, broad and strongly discreted. Scutellum, and more rarely the post-scutellum, dull ferrugineous with its basal fovea broad and simple. Abdomen glabrous and nitidulous through- out, with the petiole black, the fifth and sixth segments sub-infuscate and the anus dull stramineous ; basal segment bicarinate to beyond its centre, and laterally margined throughout ; terebra rather longer than the basal segment with the valvulae linear and not acuminate apically. Legs entirely red, or with apices of the hind femora and tibiae sub-infuscate ; coxae and trochanters a little paleY. Wings normal, slightly clouded ; areolet somewhat large and parallel -sided, with the outer nervure not strong. Length, 6 mm. $. Head black, with the mouth and face pale flavous. Antennae shorter than the body, infuscate ; red, with the scape pale flavous beneath. Acanthocryptus.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 55 Thorax and sciitelhim eiuiicly black. Abdomen black, with segments two, three and sides of the fourth, red. Legs red; trochanters white; anterior coxae white, hind ones, together with their tarsi, apices of their femora and tibiae, black. Wings clouded ; radix and tegulae pale flavous. Length, 5 mm. No one appears to liave noticed this 6 since it was first described by Oravenhorst and relegated to P/ivi^adeuon by Wesmael (loc. at.). Bridgman has placed it in his collection under the present genus, and I am quite sure that he is correct. (Iravenhorst's name would have to fall in any case, and it appears advisable to tentatively treat it as the unknown S of Thomson's species {cf. Ichn. Brit. i. p. 265). Bridgman has, somewhat boldly, recorded the male from Heigham, near Norwich, in June {cf. Trans. Norf. Soc. v. 613) ; and the female, which is new to Britain, was sent me by Tuck, who captured a single example upon the flowers of Angelica sylvestris, in Finborough Park, in Suffolk, on 26th August, 1900. I also possess three females in Capron's collection, from the neighbourhood of Shere, in Surrey. 2. flagitator, Rossi. Ichneumon Jlagitator, Rossi, Mant. ii. App. n. 83, 9 • Cryptiis flagitator, Gr. I. E. ii. 627, (/. i. Suppl. 705, excl. var. ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 294,?. Phygadciion ptimilio, (Jr. I. E. ii. 653 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 296 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. ll, 6 ■ Aiaiitho- cryptus Jiagitator, Thorns. O. E. ix. S67, {, ?. Head with clypeus discreted and in $ somewhat convex anteriorly ; black, of $ with clypeus and a dot at the inner orbits red ; of $ with the inner orbits, more or less of the palpi and clypeus, with nearly the whole face, white. Antennae black ; of $ sub-setaceous with the scape white beneath, of $ filiform with joints two to four and the apex red, and nine to eleven white. Thorax of ? red, with the pronotum, a pectoral mark, the radical and scutellar regions, black ; of $ black, with a white callosity beneath the radix ; metathorax rugose with complete areae, areola hexagonal, petiolar area excavate and very divergently discreted; spiracles circular, apophyses very strong and acute ; mesosternal sulcus rugulose. Scutellum with basal fovea distinctly transcarinate ; of $ red, of $ as well as the post-scutellum white. Abdomen somewhat narrower than the thorax, black ; of $ elongate, with segments two, three, apex of first and whole or the base of the fourth, testaceous ; of $ ovate, sub-deplanate, entirely glabrous, with the two or three basal segments pale red, and the sixth and seventii a[)ically white ; petiole explanate, post-petiole of ? a little transverse, parallel-sided, carinate throughout and glabrous, of c^ sparsely punctate ; terebra black, half length of the abdomen. Legs black ; the anterior tarsi and tibiae and apices of the front femora ferru- gineous ; hind tibiae and in $ their femora also ferrugineous basally ; 9 with hind coxae and trochanters rufescent above ; c^ with the front tro- chanters sometimes white. Wings normal, slightly clouded ; radix and tegulae white, latter in 9 ferrugineous. Length, 7-9 mm. The nearly entirely red thorax and rugulose mesosternal sulcus of the 9 , and stout metathoracic a[)()i)hyses of the c?, will at once distinguish this species from all but that ne.xt described. 5^ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. {Acanthocryfytus. This species occurs throughout Europe, extending to northern Africa, and is not very uncommon in Britain. Stephens records both sexes as uncommon about London, in June, and the male in July ; Tuck has taken it at Tostock, in Suffolk, in early September; and I found it on the flowers oi Afige/ica sylvestris at Harkstead, in the same county, on the first of the same month, 1903. It has been bred from Depressaria heracleana and D. depressella (cf. Entom. 1882, p. 276). Dr. Capron found it at Shere, in Surrey; and Chitty in September, 1890, at Oflfchurch Bury, near Leamington. YCryptiis tyraniius, Gr. I. E. ii. 630 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 295, $ . Phygadeiton tyraniiiis, Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 48,$. Head black, with the internal orbits rufescent. Antennae compressed and slightly incrassate towards their obtuse apices, half the length of the body ; joints eight to twelve white and the two basal flagellar red. Thorax with mesonotum red ; metathorax finely coriaceous, with incomplete areae ; lateral costae extending from near the circular spiracles to the slender and acute apophyses ; areola sub-pentagonal, apically trisinuate ; costulae and apex of basal area wanting ; petiolar area discreted. Scutellum red. Abdomen glabrous and nitidulous ; black, with two basal segments red, the second bearing an infuscate fascia ; fifth to seventh white-margined ; basal segment laterally nearly straight, dorsally smooth, with inconspicuous spiracles ; terebra about half length of abdomen. Legs normal and black ; tarsi, anterior and base of hind tibiae, and apices of anterior femora, red. Wings clouded ; radix testaceous, tegulae red. Length, 6 mm. There is no clue to the true position of this female, whose clypeus is not described. Gravenhorst placed it in his genus Cryptus, because it was similar in conformation and facies to C. minuiorius^ whence it was removed by Taschenberg on account of its stouter legs and antennae. The red thorax and stout apophyses recall certain species of Rhembobius, but the petiolar area is not described as quadrituberculate, nor do we know the shape of the basal area. It agrees in the costation of the metathorax very well with Microcryptus Spinolae, near which I had placed it, till Schmiedeknecht, in 1905, treated it as a mere variety o{ flagitator, but its incompletely areated thorax, slender and acute apophyses, apically trisinuate and basally confluent areola, obsolete costulae, the coloration of the legs, the black third and darkly fasciated second segment so abun- dantly distinguish it that I tentatively place it under that species for the sake of convenience only, since we know it as indigenous solely from Stephens' unreliable record : " Near London, rarely in June ".J 3. Hopei, sp. n. C7-ypttis flagitator, var., Gr. I. E. i. Suppl. 705, 9. (}) Pkygadeiioii Jlagitalor, Tasch. Zeits. (jes. Nat. 1865, p. 36. Head black, with mouth, face and the frontal orbits to the vertex, red. Antennae black, with the five basal joints, except the upper side of the scape, red ; the eighth to the eleventh white. Thorax red, with the pro- notum, a pectoral mark and the scutellar region, black. Scutellum red. Acattthocrypius.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 57 with iis bjsal fovea simple and not tian.scaiinatc. Abdomen black, witli the three basal segments entirely red, and the seventh alone dorsally white ; terebra black and half length of the abdomen. Legs red, usually with the apices of the hind femora and tibiae, and base of the anterior trochanters, b'ack ; hind tarsi infuscate. AV'ings normal, slightly clouded ; radix sub-stramineous, tegulae ferrugineous. Length, 6-7 mm. This female was thought no more than a variety of the preceding species by Gravenhorst, but is indicated under the name Cryptus Hopei^ though not described, as a good species in Desvignes' "Catalogue of British Ich- neumonidae in the Collection of the British Museum," 1856, p. 58. It appears to be much mixed with R. fla^itator, from which it has never been adequately discriminated, though differing very materially in the colour of the legs and abdomen, and the sculpture of the scutellar fovea, which bears no trace of the transverse costae, so prominent in the latter species. The two original females were captured by Hope, at Netley, in Shrop- shire ; they still exist in the British Musem, but Desvignes' type is smothered with verdigris. Harwood records it from Essex in the Victoria History; Bridgman found it at Lakenham, Norfolk, in September; and I have seen a specimen taken by Hamm, at Shotover, near Oxford. I have only found it in the middle of summer and not, like the last species, in the autumn ; on the flower-tables of Heracleum sphondy/iu»i, in the Bramford marshes, near Ipswich, loth July, 1899; and in a boggy spot at Barton Mills, in Suffolk, iith June, 1900. Both sexes of Tasclien berg's species were bred from Depressaria heracleana. 4. quadrispinosus, Gnw. Phygadeuo)i quadrispinus, Gr. I. E. ii. 674, e.\cll. vnrr. i ct 2, cf. i. Siippl. 706 ; Ste 111. M. vii. 298; Holmgr. Sv. Ak. Hand!. 1S54, p. 55; Tasch. Zeits Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 39, (J ?. Acanthonyptns qtiadrispinosus. Thorns. O. E. ix. 868, $ ?. Head black and somewhat strongly punctate, with dark pubescence ; frons coriaceous ; clypeus and epistoma prominent, the former discreted and distinctly impressed transversely before its truncately rounded apex ; of S with mouth, except apices of mandibles, clypeus, epistoma and facial orbits, white ; of $ with palpi and labrum stramineous. Antennae black ; of 6 setaceous, with apices acute and scape white beneath ; of ? filiform, with the apices obtuse and four or five central joints white. Thorax entirely black, with dark pubescence ; mesonotum somewhat strongly and confluently punctate ; metathorax irregularly rugose, with two pairs of apophyses, of which the upper is the stouter and more acute ; costae indistinct, areola strongly transverse ; petiolar area evenly rugose, broadly discreted and basally very wide ; spiracles circular. Scutellum black and evenly punctate. Abdomen ovate, glabrous and strongly nitidulous ; of 9 as broad as, of c? a little narrower than, the thorax ; red, with segments four to .seven, sometimes apex of the third and base of the first, black ; anus white-marked ; petiole broad, post-petiole bicarinale, not very strongly aciculate, apically explanate and laterally margined throughout ; second segment of ,$ basally aciculate betsveen the small and oblique thyridii ; terebra not longer than the basal segment, with the spicula red and linear, 58 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. {Acanthocryptus. and the valvulae apically ol)tuse. Legs clear red ; coxae and trochanters, hind tarsi and apices of their tibiae and of their femora suddenly, deep black ; $ with the anterior coxae and trochanters more or less white. Wings normal, hardly clouded ; tegulae apically red, radix white. Length, 6-8 mm. The quadrituberculate metathorax, strongly striate and carinate post- petiole and i pale face will at once distinguish this species, whose $ has the second segment sometimes basally or entirely in the centre strigose and the third segment very rarely punctulate. This is by no means an uncommon species in Britain. Stephens says, " This beautiful insect occurs in plenty in the vicinity of London, in June ; it is also found in the New Forest, in Salop, Scotland, etc." Bridgman found it at Brundall, near Norwich, in October ; and it is recorded from Essex. Beaumont took the male at Kilmore, in Ireland, in August ; Marshall at Cornvvorthy, in Devon ; Chitty at Sunbury, in Middlesex, in the middle of June ; and Piffard has given me both sexes from Felden, in Herts I have taken the male upon the flower-tables oi Angelica sylvestris, at Claydon bridge, in Suffolk, at the beginning of September, and the female in Tuddenham Fen, in late August. The latter, however, is more usually found during hibernation, in tufts of grass on the borders of woods, and has occurred to me in such situations in the Bentley Woods, in December, in a ribbon grass C^ Alopecurus pratensis) and at Brede, in Sussex, in the usual tuft grass (Aim caespitosa). It has only once been bred: from Eristalis sp., by Marshall {cf. Ent. Ann. 1874, p. 124); its habits are probably similar to the very closely allied R. fiigrita, Grav. 5. nigrita, Grav. Phygadeuon nigrita, Gr. I. E. ii. 641 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 23, excl. i. AcautJiocryptits nigrita. Thorns. O. E. ix. 869, i ? . $ . Head immaculate, rugosely and deeply punctate, with dark pubes- cence ; frons canaliculate between the large and glabrous scrobes ; epistoma and the discreted clypeus convex ; palpi ferrugineous. Antennae filiform, sub-incrassate, centrally white-banded and apically obtuse, with the third joint often basally red. Thorax entirely black, with dark pubescence ; mesonotum evenly and very strongly punctate ; metathorax sub-rugulose, with complete areae, strong obtuse apophyses and circular spiracles ; areola transverse, hexagonal and apically truncate ; petiolar area evenly rugulose and distinctly discreted. Scutellum black, deplanate, and strongly punctate. Abdomen ovate, shining and as broad as the thorax ; black, with the apical margins of the fifth to seventh segments obsoletely white ; post-petiole broad, sub-quadrate and a little narrowed basally, strongly and regularly aciculate throughout ; second segment strongly aciculate between the large and transverse thyridii, apically (like the remainder of the abdomen) glabrous and nitidulous ; terebra as long as the basal segment, lanceolate and red, with the valvulae infuscate and apically acuminate. Legs black, with the tibiae, anterior tarsi and apices of the front femora, ferrugineous. ^Vings clouded ; radix white, tegulae piceous ; stigma and nervures black ; nervellus opposite and intercepted two-thirds below the centre. Length, 7^-8 mm. Acanthocrypius.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 59 (J. Head not narrowed behind the eyes, strongly and evenly punctate; black, with the face and clypeus entirely stramineous, more fmely punctate and less shining, the latter truncately rounded and very narrowly infuscate along its apex ; labrum and base of the mandibles also pale ; frons dis- tinctly canaliculate between the large and glabrous scrobes. Antennae shorter than the body, centrally dilated and apically attenuate ; black, with the scape entirely stramineous beneath, and the annellus rufescent throughout. Thorax stout, convex and entirely black with dark pubes- cence ; mesonotum evenly and very strongly punctate ; metathorax sub- rugulose with complete areae, strong obtuse apophyses and circular spiracles ; areola transverse, hexagonal and apically truncate ; petiolar area evenly rugulose and distinctly discreted. Scutellum black, strongly punctate and slightly less deplanate than in the 9 . Abdomen ovate, shining and somewhat small ; black, with the apical margins of the sixth and seventh segments white ; post-petiole broad, sub-quadrate and a little narrowed basally, strongly and regularly aciculate, with carinae between the spiracles ; second segment and remainder of abdomen exactly as in 9 . Legs as in 9 > ^^''th the anterior trochanters white, their tibiae fulvous and the front femora only externally at the base black. Wings exactly as in the 9 , with the tegulae white and their centre red. Length, 6 mm. Taschenberg says that the original ^ agrees better with Phygadeuon affiictor than with the present 9 ; in fact, I am inclined to think Thomson has adopted this suggestion— though no direct indication is given of it in Opusc. Ent.- — since the latter's $ of the present species has the face, tro- chanters and anterior tibiae white, and the basal segment in both sexes is said to be strongly striate. He so meagrely describes it, however, that I have here given a full account of what is indubitably the true male. This distinct species is said to be found in northern and central Europe, in the autumn. The only British record I have seen is Bridgman's, from Earlham and Eaton, near Norwich, in September ; Miss Chawner has given me the female from the New Forest, and there is a male, probably from Shere, in Surrey, in Dr. Capron's collection. Laboulbene has re- corded this species as parasitic upon the dipterous Eristalis floreus ; and I received two females from Wainwright, in November, 1905, wliich were " bred from pupae which Dr. Sharp doubtless correctly regarded as the Syrphid, Afyiatropa florea. The pupae were found in very rotten wood, living amongst and buried in what was little better than mud ; so that the problem of when and how the parent ichneumons succeeded in laying their eggs in them would be an interesting one to solve. Found in the New Forest, 1905." The two puparia from which they had emerged were also sent, proving them to be solitary parasites, which gnaw a somewhat irregular hole at or a little before the capital extremity of their hosts' pupae and constructing no cocoon of their own. Unfortunately no males were bred along with these females. OBISIPHAGA, ;/.;/. Head stout, strongly rounded behind the eyes ; vertex convex and narrow, ocelli not a[)proximating orbits ; face prominent. Antennae stout, shorter than body, with the basal joints a little incrassate apically. 6o BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Olnsiphaga. Thorax normal, with scutellum convex and fully developed ; mesonotum deeply sulcate longitudinally throughout ; notauli distinct and lateral ; nietathorax completely areated, with costulae strong ; areola hexagonal and sub-transverse, petiolar area broadly discreted, with apophyses stout though obtuse. Abdomen sub-ovate, glabrous and very strongly nitidulous ; basal segment dull, evenly explanate throughout, bicarinate and strongly acicu- late, somewhat broad basally and laterally margined apically, its spiracles central and not prominent ; terebra stout and as long as the abdomen. Tarsi slender. \Vings extending to apex of post-petiole, radial cell short and broad, areolet wanting. Closely allied to Catalytus in the length and structure of the wings, and to Aptesis. in the stout antennae, but differing' materially from both in the strongly and completely areated thorax, glabrous abdomen, mesonotal sulcus and the elongate terebra, which last two distinctions will instantly distinguish it from all other Ichneumonidae. I. stenoptera, Marsh. Aplesis stenoptera. Marsh. E.M.M. v. (i86S), p. 156, ?. Hemiteles steiioplerns. Thorns. O. E. x. 985 ; Schm. Term. Euz. 1897, p. 510. 9, Head broader than thorax, finely punctulate, sub-coriaceous, black. Antennae infuscate, with the scape and base of the first flagellar joint, which is slightly longer than the second, testaceous. Thorax finely punctulate and sub-coriaceous, black ; areae nitidulous. Abdomen basally black ; apex of first segment, whole of second and often base of the third testaceous ; remainder indeterminately piceous ; spicula red, valvulae infuscate. Legs testaceous, with the apical tarsal joint dark. Wings narrow and not explanate beyond the centre, somewhat infumate ; stigma and radix dull piceous ; areolet irregular, transverse and outwardly wanting, often containing a white spot. Length, 2f mm. Marshall says this species is very like Microcryptus brachypterus, but with no flagellar band, black basal segment, longer terebra, and the wings and thorax differ. He first took it at Milford Haven, in 1867 and 1868 ; and Botusfleming, in Cornwall (in Brit. Mus.) ; subsequently Bloomfield recorded it (E.M.M. xvii. p. 258) from a sand-pit, in Guestling Wood, near Hastings, in Sep- tember ; and Bignell thrice took it in Devon, in the middle of September, at Slade, Bickleigh and Exeter. Thomson has found it in Sweden. Towards the end of June, 1903, Waterston sent me a female from Edinburgh, together with the host's cocoon from which it had just emerged, remarking : " It is parasitic not on an insect but on an Arachnid, viz., the commonest of our British false-scorpions, Obisiutn juMsconi/n, Leach. The 9 of this species constructs a well-woven cocoon and there brings forth and hatches her eggs, which remain for a month or more attached to the genital pore. As a rule, Ohisium is quite a formidable creature with its strong falces, but during reproduction, and especially in the last phase, it becomes inactive. It is at such a time, I suspect, that this ichneumon makes its attack. I had noticed chitinous fragments in the cocoon, but never saw the pest Obisiphaga.'] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 6l till it emerged the other day." This is, I believe, the first instance of Ichneumonidae preying upon the Chernetidea.^ [Since the above was written I have received from Mr. Robert Godfrey, of Edinburgh, both sexes of this species. In these cases both sexes are macropterous and have the mesonotal sulcus represented by two small central additional notauli ; the ? differs in no way from the brachypterous form excepting in its narrower and entirely glabrous basal segment. The S has the basal segment similarly sculptured, but with the sjMracles slightly prominent ; in other respects it differs from the $ only in having the f^agellum exactly filiform and not apically obtuse. The wings are somewhat narrow, resemble those of Hemileles and extend to the apex of the al)domen ; areolet exactly pentagonal, with the outer nervure entirely wanting ; fenestra broadly discreted and larger above, extending nearly to the areolet ; stigma luteous and narrow, emitting the short and curved radius from a little before its centre ; basal nervure not strongly curved, Icjwer basal entire and continuous ; discoidal cell strongly acute apically and extending far beyond apex of areolet ; nervellus slightly post-furcal and intercepted far below centre. Length, $ 9 2-2^ mm. Mr. Godfrey tells me he took the pupae of these parasites on 15th September, 1905, from nests of Obisiuni ?/iuscorum, in Fifeshire. The ? emerged on February 19th following, and the S on the 26th of the same month ; both died the day after emergence. " The date of hatch- ing," Mr. Godfrey writes, "corresponds with the normal period when the $ Obisium is laying her eggs. These she carries attached to her body during the whole series of embryonic changes, which take place before the young false-scorpions are able to begin life for themselves. It still puzzles me to know at what period exactly the ichneumon can get at the female, for while engaged in reproduction she has herself .securely shut up within a little silk-lined clay nest. The parasite must either be rare or have great difficulty in finding a host, as, out of hundreds of nests of Obisiufu which I have examined, only three have been noticed to have parasites — taken as pupae, in April and September ".] CREMNODES, Fdnter. Fiirst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 72. Head entirely glabrous. Antennae very stout ; basal flagellar joint much longer than the second. Thorax stout ; metathorax oblicjue from the base, with a few distinct areae ; areola obsolete, coslulae strong and sharply defined. Scutellum distinct and discreted. Abdomen with the basal segment linear ; the second basally very narrow and apically very broad ; terebra only slightly exserted. Wings rudimentary, with obsolete neuration. The species of this curi(nis genus differ so materially from any known Hemiteles, though most closely approaching the brachypterous form of 1 Attention may be dr.iwn in tliis connection to Hntom. 1867, p. 342, where F. Ni'win.in tells us that Pructotrypti calcur, llal. (Ilyni. I?rit. i. 12, <; ?) -named by V. Walker — has been bred fr.jni Litlwbiui /or/icatus. Twenty-eight larvae emerged from a single host. 62 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Cremnodes. H. subzonatus, that it is very incorrect, if only upon the evidence of their stout antennae, to add them to that already extensive genus as has been done by Thomson, copied by Schmiedeknecht. Table of Species. (2). I. Metanotum very short ; post -petiole dis- tinctly punctate i. atricapillus, Grav. (i). 2. Metanotum of usual length ; post -petiole obsoletely alutaceous 2. paradoxus, Bridg. I. atricapillus, Grav. Ichneumon atricapillus, Gr. Mon. Fed. 41. Pezoinachiis atricapillus, Gr. I. E. ii. 888. Cremnodes atricapilhis, Forst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 72. Hemiteles atricapillus. Thorns. O. E. x. 996 ; Sclim. Term. Fiiz. 1897, p. 556, ? . Cremnodes comhtisttis, Fcirst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 73, ?. A small flavidous species with smooth and shining thorax, and squamuliform, sub-rotund wings. Head black, with the mandibles and clypeus fulvous, palpi stramineous ; face rufescent, very feebly rugose and extremely finely punctate. Antennae with the six basal joints flavous and the remainder piceous ; first flagellar joint half as long again as the second, the fifth slightly longer than broad. Thorax flavous, glabrous and nitidulous, with metathoracic costae distinct. Scutellum flavous. Abdomen glabrous and nitidulous, hardly pubescent with the three basal segments flavous and the following sometimes darker ; terebra hardly a quarter the length of the basal segment, which is linear and finely and distinctly punctate, with or without prominent spiracles behind the centre ; second segment obsoletely alutaceous. Legs flavous and not very slender. Wings usually reaching base of mesothorax. Length, i|-3 mm. I fail to find any good specific character between the type form and C. co77ibustus ; both occur with equal frequency with us, though the latter, whose wings are punctiform, has not hitherto been recorded from Britain. Piffard has taken both forms at Felden, in Hertfordshire. I have swept the type in a damp meadow at Spring Vale, in the Isle of Wight, in the middle of August, and the form combustus, near Ipswich, in the middle of September ; and there is a long series in Capron's collection from Surrey. On the Continent it occurs in Sweden and Germany. 2. paradoxus, Bridg. Apterophygas paradoxus Bridg. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1889, p. 417, ? . Hemiteles para- doxus, Schm. Term. Fiiz. 1897, p. 555, ?. Head sub cubical, smooth and broader than the thorax. Antennae sub-clavate, three-fourths the length of the body, and twenty-jointed ; basal flagellar joint twice longer than broad and one-fourth longer than the second, fifth quadrate. Thorax deplanate and a third longer than high ; mesonotum smooth, with notauli short ; metanotum as long as the petiolar area, with regular areae of which the areola is pentagonal and not longer than broad ; costulae entire, apophyses small and obtuse. Scutellum Cremnodes.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 63 smooth. Abdomen ovate, as broad as the head, with fine and diffuse lateral pubescence ; basal segment narrow, curved and explanate through- out ; the two basal segments alutaceous, rest smooth ; the second as long as apically broad, basally contracted, with the sides straight ; third cjuad- rate and remainder transverse ; terebra hardly exserted. Legs normal. Wings rudimentary, scarcely extending beyond base of scutellum. Black ; scape beneath, and basal flagellar joint apically, rufescent. Legs ferrugineous, with the hind coxae basally, and their femora centrally, piceous ; posterior tarsi concolorous. Second and third segments cas- taneous, with the latter apically black. Length, 3 mm. As was indicated by its author in his description, this species differs from Xhe genus Apterophygas {Y'ox'nt. Verb. pr. Rheinl. 1868, p. 172) in having the second segment basally contracted and the first flagellar joint longer than the scond ; but from Crei/inodes it diverges to almost an equal extent in the normal length of the nietanotum ; the sub-clavate antennae, liowever, appear to preclude its inclusion in Thaumatotypus^ etc., in the Hemitelini, and the present genus (which certainly cannot long survive Aptesis, etc.) is a convenient resting-place for the present. Rev. T. A. Marshall took a single example at Nunton, in Wilts. It has not been found elsewhere. GLYPHICNEMIS, luirster. Forst. Verb. pr. Rheinl. 186S, p. 181 ; Stylocryptits, Thorns. O. E ix (1883), 869. Head cubical ; clypeus broad, discreted and apically rotundate ; face short, black and roughly sculptured ; genal costa continuous, mandibular teeth of variable length ; eyes of ? pilose. Antennae stout and filiform, with the scape elongate, cylindrical and not apically excised ; in 9 usually basally red or centrally white-banded ; of $ pilose, immaculate or dully rufescent basally. Metanotum strongly deplanate and discally deeply strigose-punctate ; metanotal area entire and strong. Scutellum with its basal fovea centrally bisected. Abdomen with its petiole carinate ; the 9 with second almost longer than the third segment, and terebra only slightly longer than the first. Tibiae externally denticulate. Upper wings with the lower angle of the discoidal cell acute and its fenestra centrally corneous. The salient feature of Forster's genus appears to be the distinct tibial spines, and these are present, at least upon the anterior tibiae, in all the species of Thomson's genus. I think, therefore, that, although the hind tibiae may not always be distinctly produced api'cally beyond the insertion of the tarsi, the earlier name of this genus should be retained in an expanded sense. Tabic of Species. (8). I. Mandibular teeth unequal ; tibiae spinose, hind ones apically oblique ((■.N.VTHOCRVITUS, Tlioiiis.). (5). 2. Frons deeply punctate ; areola sub- transverse. (4). 3. P'rons confluently punctate ; dentiparal area transcostate 2. v.xcahitnda, Gnw. (3). 4. Frons not confluently punctate ; denti- paral area simple 1. I'KOILIC.VTOR, Fdd. 64 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \Glyphictiemis. (2). 5. Frons finely punctate ; areola not broader than long. (7). 6. Costulae strong ; coxae not pale ; cly- peus black 3. Suffolciensis, Mori. (6). 7. Costulae obsolete ; coxae and clypeus pale 4. CLYJ'EALis, Thorns. (i). 8. Mandibular teeth of equal length ; hind tibiae simple and not oblique (Stylocryptus, Thorns.). (10). 9. Tibiae externally white 5. PARVIVENTRIS, Cr^??/. (9). 10. Tibiae not white-marked. (14). II. Pilosity and metathoracic sculpture normal ; anus pale. (13). 12. Palpi of (^ black; four central flagellar joints of $ white 6. BREVI.S, Gtuv. (12). 13. Palpi of (J and seven (or no) central flagellar joints white 7. ERYTHROGASTRA, g'n??'. (11). 14. Pilosity elongate; metathorax rugose; anus black 8. SENILIS, G)nel. I. profligator, Fab. Ichneumon profligator, P'ab. S. E. 334. Crypliis profligator. Fab. Piez. 83 ; Curt. Farm. Ins. 44. Phygadenon profligator, Gr. I. E. ii. 729, excll. varr. ; Ste. 111. M. 303 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 37 $ - Stylocryptus vagabundtis. Thorns. O. E. ix. 869, excl. 9 • Head black, with long, sparse, grey hairs ; frons shining, strongly, evenly and not confluently punctate ; face and clypeus short, broad and rugulose, the latter discreted and distinctly margined in the centre before the truncate apex; epistoma small and convex; face of $ smoother with the clypeus apically emarginate and palpi piceous ; lower mandibular tooth half as long again as the upper ; palpi and centre of mandibles rufescent. Antennae rather longer than half the body, black ; of $ filiform and very slightly incrassate towards the obtuse apices, with the central five joints clear white and transversely impressed before their apices, and the basal flagellar joints at most dull ferrugineous at their apices ; of $ setaceous and entirely immaculate. Thorax black and pilose ; mesonotum shining and finely punctate, with the disc strongly deplanate, with very deep, longitudinally confluent punctures ; metanotum shining and obsoletely punctate with strong and complete areae ; areola distinctly transverse and tw ce broader than long, hexagonal and in $ basally rounded, its apical costa (and in $ the basal) quite straight ; dentiparal area not trans- costate ; petiolar area glabrous, nitidulous and indistinctly discreted ; spiracles oval and somewhat large, apophyses obsolete. Scutellum black, sparsely punctate and shining with the basal fovea apically margined and centrally bisected by a transverse costa. Abdomen about as broad as the thorax, smooth and glabrous with white pilosity ; red, with the first seg- ment except the post-petiole, and in $ disc of the seventh, black ; $ with extreme apices of the sixth and seventh glaucous ; petiole of c^ parallel- sided, of ? explanate ; post-petiole dilated towards the apex, of $ smooth, of $ bicarinate and obsoletely punctate ; terebra as long as the basal segment, infuscate, apically obtuse and setigerous ; valvulae of c^ large, piceous and basally rufescent ; ventral plica in both sexes flavous. Legs stout, pilose, somewhat short ; black, with all the tibiae, front femora more Giyphicnetnis.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 65 or less beneath, front tarsi and in 9 the intermediate, red ; 9 coxae and trochanters piceous ; posterior tibiae strongly spinose externally. Wings hyaline, sub-flavescent in ? ; radix fulvous and tegulae apically piceous ; stigma of $ always testaceous, of $ piceous. Length, 6^-8^ mm. Taschenberg was quite correct in describing this species as smaller than P. vagabundus, with the terebra longer ; but I fail to understand what he intended to convey by the trisinuate apex of the areola. It is very closely allied to the next species, but will easily be separated by the distinctions indicated under the latter. Most of the records of this species have been attributed to the following. Curtis tells us it is a common parasite of Depressaria daucella ( = ner- voselhi) ; and Stephens that it used to be abundant about London in the summer, in Shropshire, etc. Johnson has recorded it from Armagh, in Ireland (Irish Naturalist, 1904, p. 256); and I have examined specimens from Tostock, in Suffolk (Tuck) ; St. Margaret's and Huntingfield, in Kent (Chitty) ; Far Forest, Bewdley (W. Ellis) ; Carlisle, in September (Tomlin) ; Plumstead (Beaumont) ; South Leverton, in Notts. (Thornley) ; Cheddar and Bristol (Charbonnier) ; Dover and Kingsdown (Sladen) ; Nairn, in Scotland ; Kenmare, in Ireland ; and Tarrington, in Hereford (Yerbury) ; Kingscross, in Arran (Dalglish) ; Bonhill (Malloch) ; Guest- ling, in Sussex (Bloomfield) ; Felden, in Herts. (PifiFard) ; Shere, in Surrey (Capron) ; Bury St. Edmunds (Tuck) ; and Greenings, in Surrey (W. Saunders). The male is first seen about the 12th June, flying among the herbage in woods, but as soon as the Heradeum is out both sexes often abound upon its tables, though they sometimes affect the flowers of Chaerophyllum ; few males are seen in August, though the females are still common then upon the flowers of the Angelica, and remain abroad till the first few days of September. I have found the species in Suffolk, at Henstead, Southwold, Finborough, Bramford {21 S S and 2 ? ? on Heracleutn at once), Ipswich, Stoke-by-Clare, Claydon, Tattingstone, Moulton, Aldeburgh, Burgh Castle, and Bentley. It has also occurred to me at Huntingfield, in Kent ; commonly at Metton, in Norfolk, at the end of August ; in the New Forest ; Felden, in Herts., etc. ; and I once took the male upon the flowers of Alisma, by the Gipping. 2. vagabunda, Grav. Fhygadeuoii vagahiindus, Grav. I. E. ii. 735 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 304 ; Ilolms^r. Sv. Ak. liandl. 1854, p. 56, 9 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 37, excl. i. Stylocryptns vagabundus. Thorns. O. E. ix. 869, excl. ? . Var. Phyi^adetion /is. Thorns. O. E. ix. 870, i ? . Var. PhygaJeiioJi oieinargiis, Gr. I. E. ii. 734; Ste. 111. M. vii. 303, ort of Injurious Insects," 1896, p. 9). Bridgtnan took it at Earlham, near Norwich, in August ; Marshall, in Yorkshire and St. Albans ; Chilty, in South Wales, in Septemlier ; and I possess examples from Shere, ni Surrey (ex coll. C'apron) ; Kelden, in Herts, (ex coll. Piffard) ; Pitlocliry, in Pertiishire, early in September (ex coll. Beaumont) ; and have taken it myself, about the same date, U|)on fennel flowers, at Alderton, on the Suffolk coast. Ratzeburg's specimens emerged in May or June. JO BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [G/yphknemts. 7. erythrogastra, Grav. Phygadeiion ery/hrogasler, Gr. I. E. ii. 741, cf. i. Suppl. 711 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 305. ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 34, 9 . (?) Stylocryptus etythrogaste.r, Thoms. O. E. ix. 872, i 9. Head Ijkick, wiili the clypeus discreted and broadly rounded at the apex ; mandibular teeth of equal length ; peristomium not very broad. Antennae filiform, .slightly incrassate towards their apices ; the two basal joints black and the following eight dark red. Thorax immaculate ; meta- thorax hardly rugulose with the areola entire ; petiolar area coarsely rugose and not discreted, spiracles circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen glabrous and red, with the petiole alone, or the basal segment except its apex, black ; post-|)etiole glabrous and nearly parallel-sided with no carinae ; terebra nearly half the length of the abdomen. Legs black or badious ; the anterior tarsi and apices of their femora, the anterior and usually base of the hind tibiae, red ; tibiae not strongly spinose, the hind ones simple. Wings slightly clouded, with the radix stramineous and tegulae black. Length, 6 mm. The male is said to differ only in its white palpi and sub-rugose second segment ; its abdomen is oval. This species is very like the last-described, of which Taschenberg thought the $ no more than a variety, differing mainly in its flagellum bearing no white band ; Thomson, however, says that the fifth to eleventh antennal joints of the $ are white, but it appears very doubtful to me whether he described the true Gravenhorstian species. He adds that it may be known by the immaculate anus in both sexes and the sub-rugosely punctate second $ segment. With this species Schmiedeknecht synonymizes both sexes of Phygadeiion obsairipes, Tasch. [cf. ante p. 36, footnote). This species occurs on umbelliferous flowers throughout north and central Europe, but has been seldom recognized in Britain. Gravenhorst tells us that Hope took it at Netley, in Shropshire ; Stephens found it near London, in June ; and it is recorded, upon the authority of Fitch, from Maldon, in Essex. I have seen no male of this insect, but the females (with no white flagellar band) have occurred to me on Umbelliferae, at Felixstowe, towards the end of June, and at Huntingfield, in Kent, at the beginning of August ; Chitty has captured it at Forres, in September, and Marshall at Rannoch, Bishopsteignton in Devon, and Nunton in Wiltshire. 8. senilis, Gmel. Ichneumon senilis, Gmel. S. N. i. 2704. Phygadenon senilis, Gr. I. E. ii. 718 ; Ste. III. M. vii. 302; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 40, f, . Stylocryptus senilis. Thorns. O. E. ix. 871, . '5- (•)• 1 6. (20). (19). 18. (18 (17 (24 19- 20. (23. . 22. (22. . 23. (21) . 24. (30) . 25. (27) . 26. (26) • 27. (29) . 28. (28) . 29. (25) • 30- (34) • 31- (33) . 32. (32) (30 ■ 34- (40) ■ 35- (39) . 36. Abdomen normal ; apophyses dis- tinct, thougli small ; femora en- tirely red. Mesonotum shining, sparsely punc- tate ; terebra elongate 4. SPECULATOR, Grav. Mesonotum dull, closely punctate ; terebra short 5. SODALIS, Tasc/i. Abdomen linear ; apophyses wanting ; hind femora partly black 6. PROCERUS, Grav. Nervellus opposite ; 9 brachypterous. Head not posteriorly narrowed and $ thorax black 7. Heinemanni, Forst. Head posteriorly narrowed and 9 thorax red 8. Gravenhorsti, /^/r.f/'. Apex of clypeus with two central teeth, distinct in (^, in 9 often granuliform. Flagellum slender and filiform in both sexes ; frons very closely punctate. Frons distinctly punctate ; coxae black 9. VAGANS, Grav. Frons obsoletely punctate ; coxae red 10. rusticellae, ^r/V/^. Flagellum stout, of ^ setaceous ; frons not or sparsely punctate. Second segment aciculate through- out ; basal flagellar joint shorter than the third. Apical segments glabrous and niti- dulous ; areola entire 11. RUGULOSUS, Cn^■^/. Abdomen aciculate throughout ; areola obsolete 12. SCOTICUS, Marsh. Second segment not aciculate ; first flagellar joint longer than third. Clypeal teeth granuliform ; cheeks longer than mandibles ; vertex narrow. Stigma broadly white basally ; $ an- tennae tricoloured; $ scape red... 13. LEUCOSTIGMUS, Grav. Stigma not basally white, nor $ an- tennae tricoloured ; $ scape partly black. Apophyses acute ; petiolar area not discreted 14. NANUS, Grav. Apophyses wanting ; petiolar area discreted 15. hrachyuru.s, Thoins. Clypeal teeth large ; cheeks not longer than mandibles ; vertex broad. Frons strongly punctate ; abdomen deplanate. Post-petiole sub-rugose ; areola not entire 16. CEPHALOTE.s, Grav. Post-petiole not rugose ; areola entire 17. flavimanus, 6';-a7/. Frons not or finely punctate ; abdo- men convex. Petiolar area not discreted ; wings clouded beneath stigma. Head and thorax not coarsely punc- tate ; petiolar area entire. 74 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Fhygadeuon. (3«)- 37. {Z7). 38. (36). 39. (35)- 40. (44). 41. (43)- 42. (42). 43- (41)- 44. (54). 45- (47). 46. (46). 47. (53). 48. (52). (51)- 49- 50. (50). 51. (49). 52. (48). 53. (45). 54. (60). (59). 55- 56. (58). 57. (57). (56). 58. 59- (55). 60. (62). 61. (61). 62. Areola not quadrate ; petiolar area nitidulous 18. VARIAP.ILIS, Grav. Areola quadrate ; petiolar area cen- trally rugose 19. ASSIMILIS, CPrrtT/. Head and thorax coarsely punctate ; petiolar area laterally weak 20. DUMETORUM, Grav. Petiolar area discreted ; wings not or uniformly clouded. Petiole long and slender ; apical abscissa of radius thrice longer than basal. Hind tibiae apically black ; abdomen centrally flavidous 21. EXIGUUS, Grav. Hind tibiae not apically black ; ab- domen centrally red 22. MIXTUS, Bridg. Petiole normal ; apical abscissa less than thrice longer than basal. Notauli short, very distinct ; fla- gellum basally rufescent. Head cubical ; metathoracic areae complete 23. AMBIGUUS, Grav. Head posteriorly contracted ; meta- thoracic areae incomplete 24. Marsh ALU, Bridg. Abdomen lanceolate ; of $ distinctly compressed apically. Post-petiole glabrous ; size smaller. Flagellum not pilose ; head cubical ; terebra longer than first segment 25. hercynicus, Grav. Flagellum pilose ; head sub-cubical ; terebra shorter than first segment 26. brevitarsis. Thorns. Post-petiole dull and alutaceous ; size larger 27. NITIDUS, Grav. Abdomen ovate and strongly convex, not apically compressed 28. OVATUS, Grav. Notauli nearly punctiform ; flagellum often black. Post-petiole not rimose ; eyesof $ nude. Post-annellus longer than scape ; flagellum mainly black. Front tibiae not inflated ; head hardly cubical 29. FUMATOR, Grav. Front tibiae inflated ; head cubical... 30. inflatus. Thorns. Post-annellus not longer than scape ; flagellum basally red 31. scaposus, Thorns. Post-petiole rimose; eyes of$ densely pubescent. Wings normal ; antennae red to their centre 32. dimidiatus, Thorns. Wings abbreviated ; antennae only basally red ■^i. rotundipennis, Thorns. I. bitinctus, GfiieL Ichneunioti bitincius, Gmel. S. N. i. 2719. Crypttis bitinctus, Gr. I. E. ii. 576; Sle 111. M. vii. 290, ?. Phygoiteuon bitinctus, Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 32, ? ; Thorns. O. E. x. 942, i 9 . Head black, with the palpi and mandibles sometimes pale ; clypeus discreted, apically mutic and sub-truncate ; epistoma prominent ; cheeks Fhygadeuon.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 75 not elongate, genal sulcus somewhat deeply impressed. Antennae of 9 filiform, not very stout nor apically incrassate, half length of body ; basally, or except apex, ferrugineous ; always red, with the scape fulvous beneath. Thorax immaculate and sub-pubescent ; notauli short but distinct ; nieta- thorax rugose, with complete areae ; areola sub-hexagonal and broader apically ; petiolar area reaching beyond the centre, somewhat concave, strongly nitidulous and imperfectly discreted ; apophyses acutely dentate, spiracles very small and circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen glabrous and shining, elongate-fusiform, as broad as the thorax ; red or castaneous, with only the first segment, and sometimes the $ anus, black ; six and seventh usually fiavous-margined ; post-petiole deplanate and nitidulous, with no carinae, longer than broad, especially in the c^, its spiracles pro- minent and sides straight, though slightly divergent ; third segment hardly shorter than the second, cfjipleurae narrow and spiracles some distance from the margin ; terebra infuscate and a little shorter than the abdomen. Legs normal, red ; hind coxae, except usually their apices and the hind tarsi, nigrescent. Wings more or less clouded ; radix stramineous, tegulae red or testaceous ; areolet small ; stigma broad, emitting the radial nervure from almost before its centre ; nervellus antefurcal. Length, 5-8 mm. The hind coxae are sometimes entirely red and the length of the terebra appears to be variable. The broad stigma, small areolet, discreted clypeus, prominent epistoma and the conformation of the petiolar area, will distinguish this species from the whole of the remaining species of the genus. Scarce. Taken in June, near London (Stephens) ; Acomb Wood, near York, in 1881 (Wilson, Yorks. Nat. Un. 1882, p. 104). It appears to be very rare in Britain ; I only possess females found by Bignell, at Exeter, on 2nd October, 1885 ; it is, however, not uncommon on the Continent, where Gravenhorst took it in July, flying around plants infested with Aphides and their attendant Syrphid larvae. I am of opinion that it was on the strength of specimens of this species that Marshall erroneously introduced Hemiteles pullator into our fauna ; there is a female, under the latter name, in his collection (in Brit. Mas.) from Leicester. 2. rufulus, Gmel. Ichneiiiiwn rufulus, Gmel. S. N. i. 2717. Cryptus rufulus, Gr. I. E. ii. 622. Phygadeuon rufulus, Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 25, ?. (?) P. affluior, Gr I. E. ii. 642 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 38, 9 ; Thorns. O. E. x. 942, i 9 ; Medophron niger, Brisch. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1882, p. 344, 9 . Head black ; face somewhat narrow, clypeus distinctly discreted. An- tennae filiform, not very stout, with the third joint more than twice longer than broad ; pale ferrugineous, with the scape black and the apical half of flagellum infuscate. Thorax immaculate and closely punctate throughout, dull with obsolete notauli ; metathorax slightly rugose and shining, with the areae complete and the costae well-defined ; areola hexagonal, some- times a little longer than broad ; petiolar area discreted and nearly vertical; apophyses stout and acute, spiracles circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen black, with the second and third segments, the apex of the first and more or less of the fourth, red ; seventh, and sometimes also the sixth, with a 76 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Phygadeuoft. whitish membrane ; post-petiole carinate and finely aciculate, slightly im- pressed centrally, with the sides straight ; second segment nitidulous and shorter than the third ; terebra half the length of the abdomen. Legs red ; hind pair with tarsi, apices of femora and of tibiae, nigrescent. Wings clouded ; stigma black, basally white ; radix white, tegulae black ; nervellus antefurcal. Length, 7 mm. Thomson (O. E. 1241) says P. riifulus agrees with P. afflictorm every way, excepting that its abdomen is red-yellow ; and I here treat the latter as a very distinct variety, having the metathorax more coarsely rugose, the areola nearly semicircular, and all the coxae and trochanters, together with the bases of the hind tibiae and, above all, the abdomen centrally, black. P. afflicior closely resembles Acanthocryptus nigrita in size and conforma- tion, but the terebra is as long as the depressed and elongate petiole, the post-petiole is bicarinate, the second ? segment is smooth and shorter than the third, the second $ segment is sub-scabrous and hardly longer than the third, the $ antennae are black, the petiolar area reaches beyond the centre of the metathorax, and its areola is transverse. It were, perhaps, better placed in Acanthocryptus, but the flagellum is bicoloured, the apophyses smaller and body less nitidulous. This species, which occurs not uncommonly on the Continent in June, has been bred by Kawall from Hypera rui/iicis ; he observed a pair in cop. for fifteen seconds, on July 23rd (cf. Stett. Ent. Zeit. xix. p. 67), but did not describe the male. There appear to be no British records of this species, though it has long stood in our catalogues ; I am able to confirm it as indigenous, however, on the strength of females, which I captured in the Ipswich district of Suffolk in 1894, in the marshes of Bungay Common, early in June, 1900 ; and two found by Tuck, in Finborough Park, in the same county, during the following August. 3. nycthemerus, Grav. PItygadeiion nycthenients, Gr. I. E. ii. 647 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 49, i ; Thorns. O. E X. 943, 6 ? . Head sub-buccate, black ; frons densely and finely punctulate ; $ with the apex of the face, clypeus and cheeks flavous ; $ with the whole mouth, face and cheeks white ; clypeus distinctly discreted, broad and short. Antennae of S setaceous, very much shorter than the body, with the scape white beneath. Thorax immaculate ; mesonotum densely and finely punctate ; metathorax very dull, with areola a little broader than long ; petiolar area parallel-sided, discreted and transversely rugulose towards the base ; apical margin of the sub-quadrate dentiparal areae callosely elevated, but apophyses wanting ; spiracles small and circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen not broader than the thorax, fusiform, finely and closely punctate throughout ; generally black, but sometimes with the three basal segments more or less castaneous ; anus pure white ; post- petiole carinate, sub-quadrate and hardly longer than broad, a little broader than the slender and elongate petiole ; terebra as long as the basal seg- ment. Legs somewhat slender, of ? red, of S flavous, with the anterior stramineous and their co.xae and trochanters white ; hind coxae, tro- Phygadeuon?^ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 77 chanters, tarsi and apices of tibiae, black. Wings slightly clouded ; radix and tegulae of $ white ; nervellus antefurcal. Length, 6-8 mm. This species resembles P. flavimanus, but the capital markings, trans- verse areola, obsolete apophyses and the coloration of the legs will at once distinguish it. Brischke thought the $ synonymous with Cuhocephalus nii::rivenfn's, Thoms., but he was certainly in error. By no means common with us, though widely distributed in northern and central Europe. Bignell records it from Bickleigh, early in Sep- tember ; and three males are said to have been bred from the pupae of Spilosoma fuliginosa (cf. Proc. S. Lond. Ent. Soc. 1896, p. 82). I have only seen a couple of males, taken by Ur. Capron, probaljly in the vicinity of Shere, in Surrey. 4. speculator, Grav. Phygadeuon speculator, Gr. I. E. ii. 704 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 26, 9 ; Thoms. O. E. x. 945, i 9 . Head black and sub-pilose, of $ not narrowed behind the eyes ; frons shining, sparsely punctate and pilose; vertex angularly emarginate; clypeus discreted ; genal sulcus fine, but deeply impressed, epistoma prominent. Antennae of ? exactly filiform, slightly longer than half the body, with the three basal flagellar joints ferrugineous beneath ; scape of $ immaculate. Thorax black; mesonotum shining, sparsely punctate and pilose; meta- thorax rugose, with complete areae ; areola sub-triangular, acuminate basally and, in $ , emitting the costulae from far behind its centre ; petiolar area discreted, with its central area broad ; apophyses and spiracles small, the latter circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen of ? ovate, sub-deplanate, slightly broader than the thorax, extremely glabrous and nitidulous ; black, of ? with second and third segments, excepting the sides and apex of the latter, red ; basal segment very broad, post-petiole closely and regularly aciculate, of $ oblong-quadrate, of 9 sub-transverse, deplanate and parallel-sided ; spiracles of the second and third segments situated in the not acutely inflexed epipleurae ; terebra nearly as long as the abdomen, with the valvulae black. Legs normal, of ? entirely red, of $ with the coxae black ; tarsal claws small and not stout. Wings small, narrow and infuscate ; radix red, tegulae black or ferrugineous ; radial nervure emitted from the centre of the rather broad stigma ; nervellus antefurcal. Length, 5-6 mm. The angularly emarginate vertex, position of the radial nervure and metathoracic costulae will distinguish this species from all its congeners, of which it may be known further from /'. sodalis by the presence of the genal sulcus, its shining and sparsely punctate frons and mesonotum, the relative length of the teret)ra, and by its glabrous second abdominal segment. This species has a wide Continental distribution, and has been found by Marshall, at St. Albans (in Brit. Mus.). I possess several females, taken by Stanley Kemj), in Ai)ril, 1902, at Acton and Notting Hill ; by Piffard, at Felden in Herts., in the same month ; and by Charbonnier, at Redland, near Bristol, in May. I have rarely seen it, at Ipswich, in May, and took a single example on the window of Monks' .Soliam House, Suffolk, on 31st May, 1905. It has not yet been bred. 78 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [P/iygadeuon. 5. sodalis, Tasch. Phygadeiion sodalii, Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 29, 9 ; Thorns. O. E. x. 945, $ ? , Head black, palpi of ? red, mouth of $ white ; vertex angularly emarginate ; genal sulcu.s wanting ; frons densely and very finely punctate and pubescent, somewhat dull ; face of $ coarsely aciculate apically, of $ with white pilosity ; clypeus not distinctly discreted. Antennae of ? slightly incrassate apically and red basally ; of $ with the scape white beneath. Thorax immaculate ; mesonotum densely and very finely punc- tate and pubescent, somewhat dull ; metathorax coarsely rugose, with complete areae ; areola shortly hexagonal, broader apically and emitting the costulae from behind its centre ; petiolar area feebly discreted ; apophyses weak, spiracles circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen black, with segments two to four entirely, and the apex of the first, red ; anus white ; basal segment rather broad, punctate and strongly bicarinate ; second and the base of the third coarsely, deeply and confluently punc- tate ; terebra slightly shorter than the first segment. Legs red, with the hind tarsi and apices of their tibiae black ; $ with the anterior trochanters white ; claws not stout. Wings with the radix white ; radial nervure emitted from the centre of the rather broad stigma ; nervellus antefurcal. Length, 4-6 mm. The angular emarginate vertex of the head, together with the peculiar puncturation of the frons, mesonotum and second abdominal segment, will at once distinguish this species. Bridgman added this species to the British list (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 339) on the strength of a specimen received by him from Mr. J. E. Fletcher, and probably captured at Worcester. A second, from the London district, was exhibited at the S. Lond. Ent. Soc. in March, 1890 ; and I was so fortunate as to sweep a third from herbage, at Brandon, in Suffolk, on 4th June, 1903. On the Continent, where it is somewhat widely distributed, Brischke has bred it, from a species of Syrpfuts, in Prussia. Marshall has taken it at Cornworthy, in Devon. 6. procerus, Grav. Phygadeiion procerus, Gr. I. E. ii. 722 (part), excl. var. 2 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 302 (part); Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 51, c5. (?) Ichneumon Esenbeckii, Gr. Mon. Fed. 37. Pezotiiachus Esenbeckii, Gr. I. E. ii. 8S3. Theroscopns Esenbeckii, Fiirst. Wiegni. Arch. 1851, p. 99, ?. Hemiteles Esenbeckii, Thorns. O. E. x. 993; Schm. Term. Fiiz. 1897, p. 559, 6 ? . $ . Head black, with palpi pale ; clypeus discreted, apically truncate, with the basal foveae distinct. Antennae setaceous, half as long again as the body. Thorax immaculate ; metathorax elongate, closely and con- fluently punctate ; areae complete and distinct ; petiolar area oblique, discreted and transversely sub-rugose ; apophyses wanting, spiracles very small and sub-circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen strongly elongate and linear, narrower than thorax ; black, with segments two to four or five entirely, and the apex of the first, red ; anus immaculate ; basal segment closely and irregularly aciculate ; post-petiole small, quadrate and parallel- sided with moderately prominent spiracles ; second segment closely and Pkygadeuon.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 79 somewhat confluently punctate, intumescent at the spiracles ; third closely but not confluently punctate. Legs slender and red ; coxae and tro- chanters, hind tarsi, apices of their tibiae and of more or less of their femora, black. Wings somewhat clouded ; radix pale flavous, tegulae infuscate or black. Length, 7 mm. We have no clue to the correct position of this species, but that here assigned to it appears most natural, since Taschenberg tells us the clypeus is apically truncate, if, indeed, it belong to the present genus as now restricted at all. The distinctly punctate second and third segments certainly bear analogy with those of the last-described species. The synonymy of Gravenhorst's S has become somewhat involved. Most features of the original description coincide with Colpognathus celerator {cf. Ich. Brit. i. 278), from which the present insect differs in its distinctly discreted petiolar area, etc., and the second variety is considered distinct, under the name P. M ? ; C/- Wesm. Me.n. couron. Ac. Belg. 1859, p. 17. Head very broad, a little broader than the thorax, not narrowed ver- tically ; black, with the palpi red ; cheeks not longer than the mandibles, frons strongly punctate, clypeal teeth large, eyes glabrous. Antennae of $ stout and sub-setaceous, of $ filiform, with the six central flagellar joints red and the first shorter than the second. Thorax immaculate ; metathorax isolatedly punctate and rugose, areola with no lateral costae ; petiolar area discreted and centrally sub-nitidulous, spiracles circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen deplanate, very strongly nitidulous, obovate ; black, with the sixth and seventh segments apically whitish ; post-petiole gradually dilated, sub-quadrate, bicarinate and, together with the bases of FhygadeuoH.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 87 the following segments, rugosely sub-strigose ; terebra hardly exserted. Legs normal, red ; coxae excepting sometimes the anterior of the 6, base and apex of the hind tibiae and in c? sometimes a[)ices of the femora, with the posterior tarsi, black. AV'ings slightly clouded ; tegulae black, radix stramineous. Length, 7-9 mm. /. transfuga is rather larger, and Gravenhorst also mentions a $ with the anterior femora nearly entirely black. Concerning the ty{)ical ? , he says of the sixth to the ninth antennal joints " supra a//>idis,'" but Taschenberg does not refer to white coloration and, on the contrary, divides it from P. iinprobus, var., by its bicoloured flagellum. Rev. F. W. Hope took /. transfuga at Netley, in Shropshire ; and the type form is said to occur throughout Europe, in June. There are, however, absolutely no S[)ecified British records of it, and I possess but a single female, in which I place but little faith, named by Dr. Capron, and taken by Mr. Albert Piffard at Felden, in Herts. Stephens, with his usual abandon, says it is rare in England, quotes Hope's record and adds the London district. 17. flavimanus, Grav. Phygadeiton flavimanus, Gr. I. E. ii. 647 ; Ste. III. M. vii. 296 ; Tasch. Zeils. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 23, i ; Thorns. O. E. x. 956, 6 ? . Head black ; of $ with the internal orbits white, palpi flavous and mandibles centrally castaneous ; frons strongly punctate, eyes glabrous, vertex not narrow ; clypeus sub-discreted, obtusely tridentate apically. Antennae of $ slender, setaceous, as long as the body ; of ? with the scape and two basal flagellar joints, of which the first is the longer, infus- cate, and the four following stramineous, the remainder suddenly deep black. Thorax immaculate ; metathorax coriaceous, with the costae elevated and the basal areae entire ; petiolar area oblique, deplanate, and distinctly discreted ; apophyses wanting, spiracles large and circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen de|)Ianate, not broader than the thorax, ovate, black ; anus of ? narrowly white ; basal segment elongate, carinate, with post-petiole parallel-sided and a little longer than broad ; the follow- ing segments closely and obsoletely punctate ; terebra shorter than the petiole. Legs normal, red ; anterior femora sometimes centrally infuscate, coxae and trochanters mainly black \ hind coxae, base of their trochanters and centre of femora, black ; hind tibiae basally or entirely, and their calcaria, ferrugineous. Wings somewhat clouded ; radix stramineous, tegulae black \ radial cell elongate. Length, 5-7 mm. This species differs from the last-described in its apically elongate radial nervure, obsoletely punctate abdomen, and paler legs. P. vulnerator, which was indicated as its probable female by Taschenberg, is now con- sidered quite distinct and related to P. afflic/or, though its S is still unknown. Not uncommon; found in the south of England in the beginning of September (Stephens) ; one male, at Mousehold, near Norwich, in July (Bridgman) ; bred from Emphylus serotinus (Entom. 1S82, p. 276).' It is 1 Miss Chawncr has called my attention to the frequency witli which Emf>hylus tibialis falls a victim to the attacks of Iclinciimuniilac ; she says 0" '''• Jnnc i7lh, 1906) that very often the larvae appear to die off prematurely before the parasite is fully trown, and so both host and parasite perish toKether; she has often seen quite young larvae die off after having been "stung," though no Ichneu- inunid effected its ciuergcuce. BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Phygadeuon. said to occur on the Continent in May ; I have found both sexes in the New Forest, the male near Jirockenhurst in May, 1895, and the female in Lyndhurst in August, 1901 ; the female has also occurred to me on bushes in the Bentley Woods, near Ipswich, in June. 18. variabilis, Grav. P/iyQ-aJeiton 7a>ia!>ilis, Gr. I. E. ii. 705, excl. typ. i ; cf \. Siippl. 707 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 304 ; Tasch. Zeils. Ces. Nat. 1865, p. 24, 6 ? ; Thonis. O. E. x. 956, 9 ; cf. Brid^. Entom. 1882, p. 275 et 1880, p. 53. (?) P. caiiipopicgouies, Ratz. Ichn. d. Forst. ii. 124. Var. hrachypt. Ichneumon dioniictts, (jr. Mon. Ped. 39. Pezoniachus droiniais, Gr. I. E. ii. 886. Thcroscopiis droinicns, Forst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 102, ? . Hemiteles droinictts, Thorns. O. E. x. 996 ; Schm. Term. Filz. 1897, p. 560, i 9 . Head somewhat stout ; clypeus narrow and sub-discreted, eyes glabrous ; $ with palpi and centre of the mandibles ferrugineous. Antennae of $ black ; of ? hardly longer than half the body, filiform, twenty to twenty- two jointed, with the seven basal joints, excepting sometimes the scape, red or ferrugineous and the remainder infuscate. Thorax immaculate ; areae complete ; areola basally contracted and apically curved ; petiolar area nitidulous, concave and not discreted ; apophyses distinct and obtuse, spiracles circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen obovate, slightly narrower than the thorax and nitidulous ; black, with segments two and three entirely red, the fourth sometimes basally, or in $ entirely red, and the seventh of ? more or less whitish ; post-petiole rugosely striate, sub-linear, carinate and only a little broader than the petiole ; second segment of $ obsoletely aciculate ; terebra shorter than the basal segment. Legs with the coxae and trochanters black, sometimes in $ reddish ; the anterior red, with the femora more or less broadly black basally ; hind pair black, with base of the femora red in $ and centre of tibiae sometimes ferrugineous in both sexes. Wings clouded ; radix and base of stigma white ; tegulae infuscate or ferrugineous. Length, 3-5 mm. Thomson excludes Gravenhorst's $ , probably on account of its dis- creted petiolar area, and makes no mention of it at all ; he might, how- ever, have included var. 2, which has the legs red, with the coxae infuscate and tibiae immaculate, since Taschenberg says that in both sexes the petiolar area is without costae, and that it is the more typical form in point of frequency. The female of this species is similar to P. fumaior, but the radial nervure is basally clouded, the petiolar area centrally excavate, and the apophyses distinct though obtuse. From P. dumeioniin the female may be known by the more slender legs, the slightly longer terebra, the obviously longer basal flagellar joints, and the whole body and legs are less pilose. The brachypterous form, Pez. droniicus, is here for the first time asso- ciated with Phyg. variabilis (having been, certainly erroneously, placed in Hemiteles) on account of its stout antennae and the peculiar shape and convexity of the abdomen. This species is very closely allied to P. dumeforum, but is smaller with the frons much more finely though not more closely punctate, the post- petiole less strongly strigose and somewhat broader, the ? antennae are Phygadeuon!\ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 89 basally more broadly red, llic a[)()i)hyscs more prominent ; die o is a more slender insect with the abdomen paler and less claviform than that of P. dnmetorum. An abundant species, both here and abroad, often flying in woods on hot days, from May to September ; sometimes on Scabiosa and Ant^elka flowers. I have records from the London district, New Forest, Shrop- shire, Scotland, Maldon in Essex, Norfolk, l^xminster, I^and's ICnd, York- shire, Huddersfield, Lyndhurst, Abinger Hammer, Shere, CIreenings and Chobham. I'^Uiott has sent it me from Haybmii W'yke ; and I have found it in Suffolk, at Shrubland Park, Barton Mills, Henstead, I'inborough Park, Pentley Woods and Tuddenham Fen. It has also been taken at Rossbeigh, in Co. Kerry, by Donisthorpe, and Kingsdown, in Kent, by Sladen. Thomson says it has been bred from di[)terous (probably Tachinid) pupae. The brachypterous form is not common and I have not seen its male ; Piffard has twice taken it at Felden in Herts. ; late in August, 1900, Butler sent it to me from Abinger Hammer in Surrey ; and I have recently examined a specimen which Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge bred from the eggs of some Epeirid spider in Dorsetshire. ig. assimilis, Grav. Phygadetion assimilis, Gr. I. E. ii. 711 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 301 ; Tascli. Zei's. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 44, £. (?) P. fitmator, var. 9, Gr. I. E. ii. 695, 6. (?) Pezoniachus Gravenhorstii, Ralz. Icbn. d. Forst. i. 154 ; Thcroscopiis Giavenliorstii, Forst. Wiegni. Arch. 1850, p. 100 ; Hentiteles Graveiihorsti, .Schin. Term. FLiz. 1897, p. 559, 9 . Var. Theros(opus inaeqtialis, Forst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 97, 9 . Head black and palpi red ; antennae immaculate, half as long again as the body. Metathorax irregularly rugose ; areola small, sub-c[uadrate, with the basal costa obsolete ; centre of the petiolar area coarsely and transversely rugose, not discreted. Scutellum black. Abdomen narrower than thorax, oblong-ovate ; black with segments two, three and more or less of the fourth, red ; basal segment canaliculate, with weak carmae and tubercles ; post-petiole foveolate and gradually dilated towards the apex. Legs normal, black ; trochanters entirely, tibiae exce[)t apices of the hind ones, tarsi except apices of the hind ones and all the onyches, red ; a[)ices of the anterior femora ferrugineous. Wings often slightly clouded ; radix flavous, tcgulae black. Length, 7-8 mm. This cj,- which appears to have only been shortly described by Clraven- horst and Taschenberg, is said to resemble P. fu/iia/or, but is more elongate, with the antennae longer and the legs differently coloured. It is impossible to conjecture its true position from the above meagre description, and it would, i)erhaps, be better to omit it from the British list, if such a course were permissible. I do not fmd that it has been noticed on the Continent since 1829. (iravenhorst then took it in dermany, on the flowers of Pastinaica sativa, in June and August ; Stephens says it was not common in June, about London, and Marshall records it (I'^nlom. 1872-3, p. 432) as having been taken by Francis Walker, in the Isle of Man, in 1869. ?$. Head black, with the palpi red; smooth, with the face rugose. Antennae pi(-eous, witii the six basal joints fulvous ; three basal flagellar joints elongate, second longer than lirst. Thorax dorsally red, with the go BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. {Phygadeuon. pro- and meso-pleurae darker ; niesonotum sub glabrous, with obsolete iiotauli ; nietathorax smooth and shining with the petiolar area rugose, its basal costa centrally wanting ; apophyses prominenl. Abdomen finely and diffusely punctate and pubescent ; basal segment fulvous, shorter than terebra, spiracles obsolete, centrally canaliculate, apically explanate and broad ; second red, with a piceous fascia ; third similarly marked ; remainder piceous, apically rufescent ; seventh whitish. Legs fulvous, with the hind femora and tibiae darker. Wings punctiform. Length, 4 mm. The variety itiaequalis appears to differ only in the coloration of the second segment. This species certainly belongs to Phygadeuon, rather than Heniiteles, as is exemplified by its stout antennae and thick build. Its relationship with the present male is, however, purely tentative. It is quite distinct from Phygadeuon ( Stibeutes) Gravenhorsti. This female has for long stood in our list, but it appears to be rare with us, since I have failed to discover any records ; but in the middle of October, 1897, I captured one specimen of the type form (not noted in Britain before), in a hole upon Foxhall Plateau, near Ipswich. Elsewhere it has only been found in Germany, where Ratzeburg bred it from the Ophionid ichneumon, Henicospilus merdarius, Grav. 20. dumetorum, Grav. Phygadeuon dumetorum, Gr. I. E. ii. 669 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 24 ; Thorns. O. E. x. 957, 6 ? . Head coarsely punctate, face prominent ; clypeus not discreted, of S apically bidentate ; mouth of ? red and vertex of ^ sub dilated behind the eyes. Antennae filiform, black ; of $ slender, not longer than the body, scape a little shorter than the third flagellar joint and often entirely or beneath ferrugineous, twelfth to fourteenth joints with elevated lines ; of $ stouter, half length of the body, basally fulvous or ferrugineous, with the sixth and seventh sometimes stramineous, and the first flagellar joint evidently shorter than the second, though hardly shorter than the scape. Thorax coarsely punctate ; metathorax rugose, with complete areae ; areola emitting costulae behind the centre, of ? semilunate, of 6 distinctly hexagonal ; petiolar area reaching beyond the centre, not discreted and laterally indeterminate ; apophyses obtuse, spiracles small and circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen not broader than the thorax, nitidulous ; black, with the second and third segments red, and in S also the fourth ; seventh white in $ ; post-petiole slightly elongate, carinate, canaliculate, rugosely punctate or rimose, with prominent spiracles ; terebra not longer than the post-petiole. Legs fulvous or red ; hind pair with the tarsi, the apices of femora and of tibiae, and sometimes the coxae basally, infuscate. Wings hardly clouded ; costa with a sometimes obsolete white dot, radix flavous ; tegulae ferrugineous, of $ black. Length, 4-5 mm. The coarsely punctate head and thorax, sub-lunate areola, and laterally indeterminate petiolar area will distinguish this species, which shares the obovate abdomen, short terebra, rimose post-petiole, entire petiolar area and the number of antennal joints with P. variabilis. Phygadeiion:\ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. QI It should further be noted that the basal segment is always black to its apex, which is not strongly explanate, with the post-petiole very strongly and evenly aciculate throughout ; it is the petiole which is riniose ; the ? antennae are two-thirds the length of the body, generally with the four basal flagellar joints and part of the scape fulvous : I have seen no example with the central joints i)aler, which character would point to affinity with j\/icrocry/^/us ; the tercbra is nearly as long as the basal segment, the wings are comparatively somewhat small and sub infuscate, and the legs are very variable in colour. An abundant species both here and abroad ; I have records from early June to the beginning of September, but it is commonest in July and August on .l/igc/iai flowers. llickleigh (Bigncll); Urundall, in May (Hridgman) ; New Forest and Offchurch IJury, near Leamington (Cliitty) ; Abinger Hammer (Butler) ; Felden (Piffard) ; Kingsdown and Ri[)ple, near Dover (Sladen) ; Sutton Coldfield (W. l">llis) ; both sexes at Redland, near Bristol (Charbonnier) ; Deal in May and Greenings (W. Saunders) ; Shere (Capron) ; Scarboro' (Elliott) ; Tostock and Benacre Jjroad (Tuck) ; Lincoln, a $ attracted to artificial light in garden (Musham). It has occurred to me on bushes in woods, especially on oak and birch, on flowers of Chaerophyllum, and in greenhouses, at Ryde, New Forest, Blean Woods in Kent ; at Ipswich, Felixstowe, Bentley Woods, Eye, Foxhall, Dunwich, Tuddenham Fen, Brandon and Farnham in Suffolk. In Dover, on 27th April, 1896, I took a very early $ on a house window. Giraud once bred it from Stratioinys Ca/neleon, but it probably also preys upon much commoner Diptera. 21. exiguus, Gniv. Pliygadeuon exii^uiis, Gr. I. E. ii. 666 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 29S ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 32, ? ; Thorns. O. E. x. 958, 6 9 . Head black, with the palpi white and the mandibles red-marked ; clypeus sub-discreted, with the basal foveae and apical teeth very distinct ; genal costa continuous, eyes glabrous ; face of c^ with dense white (jubescence. Antennae of $ with the basal half of the flagellum and the scape beneath flavidous ; of $ with the post-annellus rufescent beneath and hardly longer than the scape, which is white beneath. Thorax immaculate, pro- notum not punctate ; metathorax sub-nitidulous, not rugosely punctate, with complete areae ; areola transverse and basally rounded, petiolar area discreted ; apophyses small, spiracles imperfectly circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen ovate, deplanatc, as broad in 9 ^^ the thorax, nitidu- lous ; flavidous, with the first segment piceous and longer than the terebra, slender and elongate ; sometimes the central segments laterally, and always anus of 6, infuscate; post-petiole a little longer than broad, only Slightly broader than the petiole, sub-carinate, centrally de[)lanate and glabrous. Legs normal, flavidous ; hind tarsi, with base and apex of their tibiae, infuscate ; 6 with the anterior trochanters while. Wings slightly clouded ; radix white, tegulae piceous ; basal abscissa of the radial nervure shorter than the breadth of the stigma, and about one third shorter than the apical abscissa. Length, 4-5 mm. This species differs from all the following in its apically much longer 92 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. {Phygadeuon. radial nervure, the conformation of its petiole, distinct clypeal teeth, im- punctate pronotum and the white ^ markings. A very cominon insect throughout the summer months, and usually captured flying aI)out hushes on hot days ; Gravenhorst took it as late as ist October. About London and near Hereford (Stephens) ; not un- common at Norwich (Ihidgman) ; Nunton in Wilts (Marshall); Bickleigh and Exeter (Bignell); Oxshott and Blackheath (Beaumont); Greenings (W. Saunders) ; Nethy Bridge in July (Yerbury). I have found it in the New Forest, Gosfield in Essex, Wicken Fen in Cambs. ; at Claydon bridge on Angelica flowers, Brandon and the Bentley Woods, in Suffolk. 22. mixtus, Bridg. Hcinileks mixtits, Bridg. Trans. F.nt. Soc. 1883, p. 148, 9 • rhygadeuon iiiix/tis, Bridg. ///'. cit. 18S6, p. 339. Head smooth and shining, with white pubescence, sub-buccate behind the eyes ; black, with mouth rufescent ; clypeus discreted and apically rounded. Antennae short and stout, slightly longer dian half the body, with their basal half rufescent ; basal fiagellar joint thrice, the second a little, longer than broad. Thorax smooth and shining, with white pubescence, a little longer than high ; notauli indistinct ; metathoracic areae well defined, with areola transversely sub-hexagonal ; petiolar area discreted, reaching beyond the centre ; apophyses distinct. Scutellum black. Abdomen glabrous and nitidulous, ovate, with the apical half setiferous ; segments two and three red, the latter centrally or with its apical half infuscate ; basal segment elongate and rather longer than the hind coxae and trochanters ; petiole parallel sided and half the apical breadth of the gradually explanate post-petiole ; following segments trans- verse ; terebra two-thirds the length of the abdomen. Legs slender and red ; sometimes with the hind femora centrally, and the apical joint of the tarsi, with apices of all the hind tarsal joints, infuscate. Wings basally pale ; stigma j)iceous ; lower angle of the discoidal cell beneath centre of the externally incomplete areolet. Length, 3^- mm. The legs and wings of this female resemble those of Heinikks, and induced Bridgman to at first place it in that genus, from which he subse- quently transferred it to fhygadeuon, after having submitted it to Professor Thomson. Bridgman makes no mention of the radial nervure ; but the ovate abdomen, elongate basal segment, discrefed petiolar area, and smooth head appear to ally it with P. exis^uus. This species appears to me to much more nearly represent the macropterous form of P. rotundi- penfiis than P. fuinator, as was suggested by Bridgman, but it differs materially in the thoracic sculpture and relative length of the flagellar joints. This species has been recorded from Brundall near Norwich, Shere in Surrey, and early in September at Tunbridge Wells. It appears to be- an uncommon species, and I have seen but two examples ; one captured by Bignell at Bickleigh in Devon, in the middle of Se[)tember, 1884, and another which I swept by the Ouse at Brandon in Suffolk, on 7th of June, 1903. Schmiedeknecht has found it in Thiiringen. Phygadeuou.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 93 23. ambiguus, Grav. Phygadeuoit ambis^iiiis. Gr. I. E. ii. 703 ; Tasch. /cits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 34, i ; Brisch. Schr. Nal. Ges. Danz 1879, p. 342, 6 9. Head almost cubical, black ; clypeus discreted and apically obtusely bidentate ; palpi red, face with grey pubescence. Antennae of $ entirely black or with first three joints ferrugineous beneath ; of ? with the five basal flagellar joints, and the scape beneath, red. Thorax immaculate ; mctathorax coarsely punctate, areae complete and finer in ? ; areola broader than long, hexagonal and somewhat roiuided basally ; petiolar area nearly vertical, longitudinally rugose, of ? and usually of S discreted ; apophyses wanting, spiracles circular. Scutelliuii black. Abdomen black, of 5 lanceolate with segments two and three longer than broad; segments two to four and in ^ more or less of the two following red, the apical ones in S with red-yellow and in 9 with white margins ; basal segment sub- linear, rugose, with normally prominent spiracles, a little dilated apically, broader in ? ; post-petiole smoother, aciculate with obsolete carinae ; second segment very feebly aciculate, with isolated jjunctures ; terebra half the length of the basal segment. Legs red, with the coxae and tro- chanters black ; anterior femora basally, the hind ones either entirely or apically and beneath, together with their tarsi and base and apex of tibiae, black ; ? with the anterior coxae red beneath. Wings hyaline ; radix flavous, tegulae black. Length, 7-8 mm. Gravenhorst mentions a S with the second to fourth segments cas- taneous throughout and the basal a little narrower ; and Brischke records an analogous female. This species, which figures as insufficiently described in the latest Con- tinental enumeration, has only been recorded from three German localities. It was introduced as Jiritish by Desvignes (Cat. 60) in 1856 ; but it is nearly certain that he incorrectly determined his representatives. I have seen nothing quite like it, it is mentioned by no later observer and has not been bred. It is, however, just possible that a single pair of Phygadeuons in my collection, which Bignell found investigating worm- wood in Devonshire and Bridgman considered undescribed, may be referable to the present species. 24. Marshalli, Jiriih:;. Phy_S;adeiion procerus, var. 2, Gr I. E. ii. 724, i. P. Marshalli, Bridt^. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1883, p. 141, (J. (?) 'I heroscopus ingiedieus, Forst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 96,9; Hcniileles ingredieits, Schm. Term. Fiiz. 1S97, p. 558, 9 . $. Head black, dull and closely punctate; not buccate behind the eyes. Antennae either entirely dark ferrugineous, or rufescent beneath with the scape black. Thorax dull, finely and closely punctate, with distinct notauli ; mctathorax with two irregular, curved, transverse costae ; areae incomplete, areola laterally obsolete. Scutellum black. Abdomen cylindrical, black ; segments two to three red with infuscate fasciae before their apices, that on the second the broader and sub-bisected centrally ; the three following segments narrowly red-margined ; basal segment but little narrower at the base than at the punclate-aciculate 94 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Phygadeiwn. apex, with spiracles not prominent and a little behind the centre ; second segment twice longer than broad and more strongly punctate than the following transverse segments. Legs slender, red ; coxae, excepting some- times the apex of the front ones, together with the base of the hind trochanters, their tarsi and the apices of both their tibiae and femora, black ; intermediate trochanters infuscate. Wings hardly clouded ; radix and tegulae stramineous. Length, 7 mm. Bridgman says this $ differs from the genuine P. pfocerus in its incom- plete metathoracic areae, narrower post-petiole and in the abdominal coloration. He makes no mention of clypeal teeth, however, and its position is consequently to a great extent a matter of conjecture. This male appears to be very little known, and I have seen nothing like it. It is said to occur in central Europe towards the end of July. Bridg- man refers to it two males in Marshall's collection captured at Bugbrook, near Northampton. ? $ . Head black, with palpi and mandibles red, the latter apically black ; whole head, including cheeks and clypeus, rugose ; pubescence short and fine. Antennae with the four or seven basal joints fulvous and the remainder piceous ; basal flagellar joint slightly longer than the second, fifth sub-quadrate. Pro- and meso-notum red, their pleurae piceous ; metalhorax black and rugose, with the spiracular area distinct and apophyses conspicuous. Abdomen glabrous, with diffuse pubescence ; whole of second and third, apices of the first and remaining segments, fulvous ; the sixth and seventh obsoletely whitish ; second alutaceous, third laterally piceous ; terebra shorter than basal segment, which is narrow throughout, with spiracles prominent and post-petiole canaliculate. Legs fulvous, with the hind tibiae apically piceous. Length, 5 mm. P. Marshalli is certainly the male of some Theroscopus, and, although affinity with the present species is but conjectural, the latter's position here is rendered natural by its stout antennae, posteriorly contracted head, basally red flagellum, normal petiole, discreted petiolar area, etc. There appear to be no British records, though it has long stood in our catalogues, and the only example I have seen Piffard took at Felden in Herts. It has only been noticed elsewhere in Germany. 25. hercynicus, Grav. Phyi^aJeiioi! hercyniitis, Gr. I. E. ii. 709; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 29,?; Thorns. O. E. x. 958, i ? . Head cubical, not narrowed posteriorly ; genal costa inflexed, eyes glabrous ; $ with mandibles centrally red. Antennae black, flagellum basally attenuate ; of ? sub-filiform, shorter than half the body, with the third to fifth joints alone red. Thorax immaculate ; pronotum and meta- pleurae closely punctate ; notauli short but distinct ; metathorax smooth and convex, with shar[)ly defined areae ; areola sub-hexagonal, emitting the costulae from its centre ; petiolar area discreted and sub-parallel- sided ; apophyses small, spiracles circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen strongly nitidulous, lanceolate and narrower than the thorax ; black, with segments two to four red, the fifth and usually a fascia on the fourth infuscate ; anus of 9 compressed and white ; basal segment sub-linear, Fhygadeuon.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 95 post-petiole distinctly dilated apically, deplanate, glabrous, suh-carinate and a little longer than broad ; terebra sligluly longer than the basal segment, with black valvulae. Legs red, with the coxae and trochanters alone black. Wings sub-hyaline ; radix white, tegulac black, nervellus antefurcal ; radial nervure not thrice longer apically than basal ly. Length, 4-6 mm. This species is very like P. futnator in its punctate pronotum and metapleurae, but the abdomen has the post-petiole sub-quadrate and broader, the ? anus compressed and the terebra longer, with the hind femora more strongly punctate ; the $ antennae, tegulae and mandibles are black, with the areola longer and emitting central costulae. P. hercynicus was first mentioned from Britain, with no note of its being an addition to our fauna, by Bridgman (Trans. Norf. Soc. v. 613) ; and most of the records under P. tiitidus probably refer to it, since it is a common species on Angelica sy/vestHs flowers in marshy places, at least throughout the southern half of Britain, from the end of August to the first week of October, (niestling, in Sussex (Bloomfield) ; Rediand, near Bristol (Charbonnier) ; Copthorne Common, Surrey (\V. Saunders) ; Plumstead in July (Beaumont) ; Lyndhurst (Adams) ; Wicken Fen and Tostock (Tuck) ; Eaton, Heigham and Brundall (Bridgman) ; Devon (Bignell). I have invariably found it upon carrot and Angelica flowers, at Crookham in Berks., Felden in Herts., Horsham St. Faith in Norfolk ; and in Suffolk at Claydon bridge, Henstead marsh, Beccles, Barnby Broad, Foxhall and Eye. I cannot find that it has yet been bred. 26. brevitarsis, Thorns. PhygaJeKon brevitarsis. Thorns. O. E. x. 959, i ? . Black ; abdomen centrally broadly, with the femora and tibiae, red ; terebra slightly shorter than the basal segment. Length, 4-5 mm. This species is shortly diagnosed as above by Thomson, who adds that it is very like the last-described, but that its head is less cubical, the flagellum pilose and obscurely red towards the base, with the joints shorter, and that the terebra is obviously shorter than the basal segment. Professor Thomson identified an example of this species sent to him by Bridgman, who had considered it to be simply a variety of P. ni/idns, and who took it at Earlham and Wroxham, in Norfolk, in August and Sep- tember. The only specimen I have seen is one, named by Professor Brauns, which I beat from Finns sylveslris in the Bentley ^Voods, near Ipswich, on 2nd April, 1899, probably after hibernation. 27. nitidus, Grav. Phy\^adcuoit nitidus, Gr. I. V.. ii. 70S, cf. i. Suppl. 708 ; Sle. 111. M. vii. 300 ; T.isrli. Zeils. Ges. Nat. 1.S65, p. 30, 9 ; Thorns. O. E. xiii. 1404, d 9 • (?) P- diaphatuis, Gr. I. E. ii. 737 ; Tasch. Zeils. (ics. Nat. 1S65, p. 40, excl. 9 ; (f. Kriech. Km. Nachr. xviii. p. 364. Head cubical and not narrowed l)thin(l the glabrous and oval eyes ; vertex hardly emarginate and narrower in liie ^ ; frons .strongly and not very closely punctate ; clypeus apically bidentate in the centre ; cheeks 96 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Phygadeuon. sub-buccate and somewhat short ; mandibles stout and piceous, palpi infuscate. Antennae short and black ; of S attenuate towards the apices, of 9 sliorter than half the body, with the flagellum red and hardly attenuate basally, its first joint slightly longer than the second and a little longer than the scape, the fourth not transverse. Thorax sub-cylindrical, immacu- late, nilidulous and pubescent ; pronotum basally striolate, with elongate epomiae ; mesonotuni, especially in the $ , sparsely but not finely punctate, with short and deeply impressed notauli ; niesosternum sparsely but dis- tinctly punctate laterally, sternauli deep and hardly abbreviated posteriorly ; metathorax not rugose, with complete areae, of which the basal is transverse and narrowed behind, and the petiolar does not reach beyond the centre ; costuiae entire. Scutellum black ; of $ deplanate, sub-glabrous, with the basal fovea transversely linear ; of S punctate and more convex. Abdomen lanceolate, red and sub-compressed apically, with segments six to eight of the $ black ; basal segment as long as the slender terebra, sub-arcuate, deplanate, black, its dorsal carinae short and spiracles sub- prominent ; post-petiole quadrate, of $ punctate-alutaceous, of S rugosely striate ; second segment of ? smooth and sub-quadrate, of 6 isolatedly punctate. Legs somewhat stout, black ; anterior femora except in cj basally, tibiae and tarsi, with the mutic hind tibiae except in S at base and apex, red. Wings sub-hyaline, radix white, tegulae black ; stigma sub-triangular and nigrescent, pale at the base and apex, emitting the radial nervure behind its centre, the latter twice shorter basally than tlie slightly curved apical abscissa ; areolet regular ; nervellus oblique and a little ante- furcal. Length, 7-8 mm. This species closely resembles P. hercynicus, but it is nearly twice larger, with the post-petiole less smooth, bicarinate, centrally canaliculate, and somewhat dull, the hind femora are sometimes black (though "not so described by Gravenhorst) and the abdomen is broader and less com- pressed. Kriechbaumer (Ent. Nachr. 1892, p, 364) says P. diaphanus occurs in August and September, has the metathoracic areola obsolete and is most closely allied to P. cephalotes and flavimaniis. It is not an uncommon species in north and central Europe, where it occurs in August on umbelliferous flowers. Taken about Netley in Shropshire (Hope) ; the female in Darenth Wood in June and in Salop (Stephens) ; Earlham, Eaton and Heigham, in September (Bridgman) ; Bickleigh, in the middle of September (Bignell). I am of opinion that most of the British records refer to P. hercynicus, though one or two of the females found by Capron about Shere and three males, which I took on Angelica flowers at Claydon bridge, near Ipswich, in September, 1898, appear to be correctly here placed. 28. ovatus, Grav. Phygadeuon ovattis, Cr. I. E. ii. 668 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 298 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 32, ? ; Thorns. O. E. x. 959, i 9- Var. Cryptiis ruficornis, Gr. I E. ii. 574; Heiiiiteks riifuoriiis. Thorns. O. E. x. 971 ; Schm. Term. Fiiz. 1S97, p. 515, ?. Head black, with the mouth rufescent ; clypeus sub-discreted, genal costa inflexed, eyes glabrous. Antennae of $ short, with the post-annellus hardly longer than the scape, of ? filiform with the seven basal joints red. Fhygadeuoti.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 97 Thorax immaculate, with the notauH short and distinct ; melathorax shining and not rugose, with complete and WL-U-denned areae ; areola basally rounded, petiolar area discreted and nearly parallel-sided ; apophyses acute and spiracles circular. Siutellum black. Abdomen hardly narrower than the thorax, ovate ; black, of ? with segments two and three castaneous-red and the sixth and seventh narrowly white- margined ; basal segment apically sub-rectangular, as long as the terebra ; post-petiole centrally sub-canaliculate, laterally sub-aciculate, with distinct and convergent dorsal carinae ; second segment glabrous, with isolated jjunctures. Legs red ; hind pair with the tarsi infuscate and apices of femora and of tibiae black. Wings hardly clouded ; radix flavidous, tegulae infuscate, nervellus antefurcal ; radial nervure not thrice longer apically than basally. Length, 5 mm. C.ravenhorst describes a ? variety with the legs, excepting only the hind tarsi, red ; and his rjificoniis also has all the legs, excepting the upper side of the hind coxae and their tarsi, red, together with the fourth segment and five basal antennal joints ; the terebra, too, is slightly shorter than in the type form. I leave C. ruficornis in the position assigned it by Taschenberg for two reasons : firstly because he examined the actual (iravenhorstian types and had first-hand opportunity of comparing the species ; secondly because it would probably be incorrect to record it from Britain in the position of a good species, since ALarshall sim[)ly followed Taschenberg's synonymy, and I can find no indigenous records of this particular variety. From the last three small species this may be known by its strongly coarctate body, broader and apically dilated petiole, the three ? basal flagellar joints with the femora and tibiae red, and in the c^ by its black abdomen, short antennae and post-annellus. Not an uncommon species on the Continent, but apparently rare with us. Stephens says it used to be not common near London in June ; and Bridgman records it from Earlham, near Norwich, in August. I have seen but two females, both taken by Piffard at Felden in Herts. It has not yet been bred. 29. fumator, Grav. Phygadenon fumator, Gr. I. E. ii. 6S7, excll. varr. 4, 5, 9 {et 7, i ), cf. i. Suppl. 707 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 300 (part) ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. [27 ; Thorns, O. E. x. 960, i 9 : Holmgr. Sv. Ak. Handl. 1854, p. 56, 9 • Var. /'. troglodytes, Gr. I. E. ii. 713 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 27, <5 . Head sub-cubical, black with the palpi stramineous and mandibles centrally red ; clypeus of ? discreted and obtusely bidentate ai)ically, of (J entire and apically truncate. Antennae of $, setaceous, nearly length of the body, with scape red beneath ; of $ sub-incrassate towards the apices, half length of the body, with the basal joint or joints pale beneath. Thorax immaculate ; notauli sub-jninctiform ; metanotum sub-punctate, with complete areae, of ? rugulose ; areola hexagonal and contracted basally ; spiracles circular and aix)physes of ? alone distinct. Scutellum black. Abdomen nitidulous, of ^ oblong, of 9 ovate ; basal segment black, aciculate, carinate and longer than the terebra, of 6 rarely apically red ; second and third segments red, rarely apically infuscate in c^ , the H gS BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Fhyoadeuon. latter generally apically black in $ ; the fourth black, rarely basally or entirely red in S ; remainder black ; post-petiole of S elongate, of ? broader. Legs red, more or less nigrescent ; generally with the coxae and trochanters, especially the hind pair, partly or entirely black ; hind tarsi and apices of their tibiae infuscate. Wings not clouded ; radix and tegulae whitish, latter in S sometimes infuscate. Length, 3-4 mm. This species agrees with that next described in the sculpture of the thorax, conformation of the basal segment and puncturation of the hind femora, but the head is less cubical, the front tibiae hardly at all inflated, the three basal flagellar joints evidently longer and the epipleurae of the third segment extend nearly to its apex. The legs vary greatly in colour : the hind tibiae may be black at both base and apex (Gr. var. i), sometimes with their femora concolorous (var. 2), combined occasionally with the anterior femora more or less basally infuscate (var. 6) ; dark femora usually combine with dark tibiae ; Gravenhorst's var. 3 is a male with flavous trochanters and var. 8 a female with the second segment alone obscurely red and the tegulae black. Quite possibly some of these varieties are referable to the three following species. So variable, indeed, is this species both in structure and in coloration, that Bridgman says he separated the specimens in his collection into seventeen female and twenty male varieties, of which Thomson's species inflntus, scaposus and dimidiatiis, and Gravenhorst's troglodytes, which has the hind legs entirely and the abdomen mainly black, were part (cf. Trans. Norf Soc. 1893, p. 607).^ If, however, the allied species be eliminated this will be easily recognized. P. ftimator is one of the most abundant of all British insects, more especially at the roots of Aim caespitosa, where I have repeatedly taken twenty females in an hour, and even at those of ordinary field-grasses throughout the winter. During the warmer months it occurs on the flowers of Pastinacea sa/iva, Angelica sylvesiris, Mercurialis perennis, and the var. troglodytes on those of Rosa centifoUa ; it is often discovered in the great tufts of Carex paniculata in marshes, in fact there is not a month in the year when I have not found it in one situation or another, by beating white poplar, sweeping reeds (often at dusk), in greenhouses or upon house-windows ; it is commonest in August, and only the males, which of course do not hibernate, are found in June. WHien alarmed it very often, at least in the winter, feigns death, like DicaelotJis. It has been recorded from Netley in Shropshire, Scotland, Norfolk, Devon, Plym bridge, Ivy- bridge and Bickleigh, Land's End, Yorkshire, Isle of Man and Maldon in 1 1 possess some of Bridgman's correspondence upon the subject, and it is instructive in indi- cating those characters which may be expected to vary least. VVriting to Fitch in 1881, lie says, "they vary from legs entirely red to only part of the front ones red, antennae black to first four or five joints red, abdomen second and third segments red to almost entirely black, the areae of the metathorax vary too in shape, but the shape of the head, punctures and pubescence on the abdomen as well as on the head are constant through all." In i8go he wrote to Marshall : " J'hvg^ideiioit fiimator, Gr., has always been a difficulty with me. Thomson has made twelve species of it ; I can only detect five of Thomson's species, and those not very satisfactorily — his descriptions are so very short. I find that the ? ? have the eyes in three distinct conditions: distinctly pubescent, obsoletely pubescent and nude ; the third joint of the front tarsi varies, length of joints of flagellum varies, sculpture of first segment and puncturing of the mesonotuni. After I had separated the ? ? (I made ten or eleven distinct species*, I looked over the tT cT.bnt my inspection led me to the conclusion that Thomson had reversed the . lit. ser. H. v. 211,6 9. Head black with the face densely pube.scent and not narrowed towards the mouth ; palpi pale stramineous, mandibles centrally caslaneous ; clypeus not discreted, apically truncate. Antennae slender, longer than half the body,- filiform, infuscate and basally rufescent beneath ; flagellar joints cylindrical throughout ; 6 vvith the basal joints stramineous, and the remainder testaceous, beneath. Thorax immaculate ; notauli of c^ deeply impressed and extending almost to the scutellar fovea ; nietathorax elongate with recumbent pubescence and incomplete areae ; areola ill- defined, hexagonal ; petiolar area discreted, strongly oblique and not separated from the metanotum ; spiracles circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen oblong-ovate, as broad as the thorax, black ; ba.sal segment sub-linear with the post-petiole gradually dilated towards the pale apex, sub-glabrous, nearly parallel-sided and centrally sub-canaliculate, broader in $ ; second segment shining, obsoletely punctate, red and basally black ; third red with lateral black marks and isolated punctures • fourth black and discally castaneous ; terebra nearly as long as the abdomen. Legs slender, red ; the anterior pale fulvous with the coxae and trochanters paler, sometimes whitish ; hind ones testaceous, with the tarsi, apices of femora and base and apex of tibiae infuscate ; i$ with the centre of the hind tibiae distinctly red. Wings somewhat large ; stigma piceous, radix and tegulae white ; areolet externally sub-incomplete. Length, 6-7 mm. Desvignes' species appears to be certainly synonymous with those of Gravenhorst, as indicated by Bridg.-Fitch ; its terebra, however, is said to be hardly so long as half the abdomen, and neither Gravenhorst nor Taschenberg noted the apically pale post-petiole, which is often immacu- late ; the terebra is, actually, about two-thirds the length of the abdomen. It is figured in Blackwall's " History of Spiders," pi. xii. fig. BB, and I have examined Desvignes' types in the British Museum. Fred. Smith tells us (Trans. Ent. Soc, ser. H. v. p. 209) that he bred both sexes somewhat freely, together with Pezomackus fasciatus, P'ab., with which it appears to have no connection, from the snow-white, mud-coated nests of the common field spider, A^roeca ( Agelena) brunnea, Bl. ; never more than a single parasite was raised from each nest, which would appear to supply more than its needs since, in every instance, four or five spiders also emerged from the same nest ; he found the larvae still living in the nests in July.^ I possess two $ $ and three ? ? bred together, possibly from a Tenthredinid larva, by Miss Chawner at Lyndhurst in the New Forest. This species is said to occur in May, and to be generally distributed in Norfolk in June and July, where also it has been bred from spiders' nests. Bignell bred it in Devon from the egg-bag of Agelena bninnea in mid- August ; and Marquand has taken it in the Land's End district. Bridg.- 1 " Notes on the Economy of the Ichneumons constituting the Genus Pezomachiis of Gravenhorst, and Observations on Pezomachiis fasciatus, by Frederick Smith, Esq. ; with a Description of a New Species oi Hemiteles, by Thomas Desvignes, Esq." Read July 4tb, 1S59. Patiarg)ro/'s.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. IO7 iMtch think Wilson's record of this species' parasitism upon Emphytus tinc/us an error ; and it is recorded from lissex by Harwood. Bridgman, in lit. to Fitch, says he bred it at Norwich in May, 1881, from the previous year's nests of " Agelia hninnicornis " ; it has been found not rarely by Cliarbonnier at Freshford near Bath in May, Capron at Shere, Felden in Herts, by Piffard, and Newbery has swept it at Ivybridge in Devon, in August, 1905. Elsewhere it has only been noticed in Ciermaiiy, where Brischke bred H. fragilis from both a spider's nest and hyperpara- sitically from a cocoon belonging to the Ophionid genus Liinneria. I have recently examined a male bred by Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge from another species of spider, Agroeca proxiina, Cambr., in Dorsetshire ; Beaumont has taken it at Exeter in July. 6. tenerrimus, Grav. HemileUs tcncninius, Gr. I. E. ii. S31 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 135 ; Sclim. Term. Fiiz. 1S97, p. 542, i. Antennae slender, filiform, nearly the length of the body, with the scape white beneath. Metathoracic areae feeble but complete ; petiolar area oblique and discreted ; apophyses wanting. Abdomen fusiform, sub- petiolale, a little narrower than the thorax ; black, with segments two and three and the base of the fourth piceous, the two former with the incisures stramineous ; basal segment aciculate and gradually dilated apically, twice longer than broad with sub-obsolete tubercles ; post-petiole parallel-sided and the following segments less strongly aciculate. Legs normal, the anterior stramineous, with the trochanters and apices of the coxae white, coxae basally and femora externally in the centre infuscate ; hind legs infuscate, with the coxae black, apices of the trochanters and base of tibiae stramineous. Wings hyaline, with the stigma dull stramineous, radix and tegulae whitish. Length, 3 mm. The slender antennae, absence of apophyses, parallel post-petiole and aciculate basal segments ally this $ with Panargyrops (among which it is comparable with P. claviger, Tasch.), though its true position can hardly be ascertained in the absence of the female. This species has been captured at Dousland in Devon, late in the autumn, by Bignell ; and bred, according to Bridg.-Fitch, by Parfitt from Microgasier cocoons in the same county. It has also been bred by Goureau from " nids pedoncules d'Araignees " (1 Agelemi brunnea) ; and it is, consequently, strange that Schmiedeknecht, who retains this species in the genus Hemiteies, quotes only Gravenhorst's original record of it from Silesia, in 1905. 7. claviger, Tasch. Cryptus claviger, Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 76, <5 . Leptocryptiis davii^er. Thorns. O. E. x. 964, 6 ?. Cryptus atet; Brisch. Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 18S2, p. 337, (J 9. Nciiiatopodius ater, Bridg.-Fitch, Enlom. 1883, p. 38, i 9- A shining, black species with grey pubescence. Head not narrowed behind the eyes, cheeks broad and face pubescent ; clypeus flat and apically bidentate in the centre ; palpi and mandibles, except the apices of the latter, tlavous. Scape of 6 flavous beneath. Metathorax gradually Io8 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Panargyrflps. declived throughout, apically produced above the hind coxae, with com- plete upper areae of which the areola is hexagonal, entire and elongate ; petiolar area discreted. Abdomen strongly elongate-fusiform and black, with the incisures of the three basal segments very narrowly red and of the remainder narrowly white ; basal segment linear, finely aciculate, centrally sub-canaliculate with prominent spiracles ; the second segment twice longer than broad ; anus of ? compressed, with the terebra hardly shorter than the abdomen. Legs fulvous, of $ with the anterior pairs stramineous ; hind tibiae and tarsi infuscate. Wings normal with the radix and tegulae ilavous ; areolet sub-pentagonal ; stigma piceous, nervelet indicated ; internal cubital nervure parallel with the basal ; nervellus inter- ce]ned below the centre. Length, 6^-8 mm. This species has been hitherto known in Britain as ^^ Nemaiopodius" afer (I cannot tell why, for Brischke did not name it so), though Lepto- cryptus clixvigo- figures in MS. in Marshall's own copy of his 1872 Catalogue, which I possess. It may at once be distinguished from all the other species of this genus by its black and narrower body, apically bidentate clypeus and the very long terebra. Even in 1883 it was hardly referal)le to Nemafopodiiis, which has the metathorax glabrous and uni- costate, with the areolet small and quadrate ! The villose head, sternum and metathorax, elongate basal segment, deflexed terebra and slender legs place it with certainty in the present genus, among whose species its areolet exactly resembles that of P. teniiipes. Capron first took this species in Britain and I have a long series of both sexes in his collection ; males were subsequently found commonly close to Norwich towards the end of May by Bridgman (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1882, p. 145), and Marquand records it from the district of Land's End. Brischke bred it from the cocoons of Lophyrus pini in Germany, whence its range extends to Lapland ; and T. Wilson of York in some numbers from Empliytus ductus in Britain. ORESBIUS, Marshall. Marsh. E.M.M. iii. (1867), p. 193. Antennae stout and twice longer than head and thorax. Metathorax incompletely areated, rugose and punctulate ; petiolar area indicated by slight lateral carinae. Scutellum conspicuous. Body deplanate through- out " et sub saxis degenti idoneum." Abdomen much longer than head and thorax, dorsally deplanate ; basal segment punctulate and not acicu- late, triangular, basally very broad and gradually narrowed to apex, with no tubercles ; terebra as long as the first segment. Legs with tarsal joints not bilobed. Wings reaching slightly beyond base of metathorax ; radial cell short and ovate, two cubital cells present, areolet wanting, all the nervures stout and pilose. I. castaneus. Marsh. Oresbitis castaneus. Marsh. E.M.M. iii. p. 194, ? (Hg). C^astaneous or red-brown, with griseous pubescence throughout. Head anteriorly black. Antennae red-brown, with twenty-five joints, of which the third and fourth are etjual in length ; ultimate joint apically infuscate. Oresbhts.\ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. lOQ Metathorax black. Legs wiiii the coxae and trochanters red-ljrown. Length, 5-8 mm. This species is said to differ from Aptesis only in the unicolorous antennae. Two specimens of the above variable size were taken by Marshall be- neath stones at the top of (Jarbhavel, near Loch Rannoch, in July, 1866. The author adds : " 'I'he species may be suspected of being a parasite of Nel'ria, Patrobus or Otiorhyuchus maurtts. These are aliout the (;nly insects occurring at that elevation (some 3,500 feet) capable of maintaining such a creature. No spider of sufficient size was to be found." Dr. .Shar[) (E. ALM. iv. p. 18) adds that he captured an example of this species some years before on Goatfell, in the Isle of Arran. HEMITELINI. This tribe is to be distinguished from the preceding specifically by the externally incomplete areolet and collectively by the slender legs and antennae. There is, however, a great similarity in its species with those of Panan^yrops and the smaller Phygadeitones, and it is only by their general facies that distinction is possible. Hemiteles and its immediate genera resemble, usually excepting their areolet, both Crypfus and P/iVi^a- deuon (sensu lato) in miniature : not all the species have longitudinal metathoracic costae, in fact the majority of Pezoiiiachi of both se.xes bear no trace of areolation upon the propodeum. The lack of a definite line of demarcation is to be much deplored ; but, of the whole Ichneumonidae, no group is more difficult of discrimination generically than the present, though undoubtedly very highly specialized as a whole to perform the indis{)ensal)le duties assigned to it by Nature, nor has any at present attained less distinct evolution infer se throughout the whole Liserta, excluding certain sections of the Clialcididae. HEMITELOIDES. This group remains very much in the condition it had assumed when Marshall's last catalogue was published thirty years ago ; many species have been added to the British fauna since that time, but it is still what it was then designated (cf. Ent. Ann. 1874, p. 123), "a receptacle for all the species, however otherwise dissimilar, which have an imperfect areolet." None of the much-too-elaborate seventy-two genera into which it was distributed by Forster in 1868 have been adopted by the most recent Continental authors, though they have been tabulated (for what lliey may be worth) by Ashmead in 1900; and it is with some hesitation that I here introduce two of them as sufficiently distinctive. An unknown male example of Forster's sub-genus Aschistiis was bred from Cohop/iora caesf'iti- tiella found at King's Lynn and Mousehold near Norwich by Ihidgman, who says (Trans. Norf Soc. 1893, p. 617) that it is evidently the male of some species of Pezomathini. Probably several more species at present standing under Hemiteles will have to be transposed to Ceiidono/niis, when that still somewhat ill-defined genus Is more fully known. The Pezomachoides may be distinguished from the present group with no BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Hepiifeloides. sufficient facility by the entirely apterous condition of the females, and in the males by the very much less strongly curved basal nervure of the wings, which also usually have the stigma broader. Table of Ge/icra. (2). I. Petiolar spiracles before centre ; areolet wanting Orthopelima, Tasch. (i). 2. Petiolar spiracles beyond centre ; areolet internally complete. (6). 3. First segment distinctly contracted basally, usually slender and narrow. (5). 4. Areolet internally irregular ; scutellum bor- dered Spinolia, Forsi. (4). 5. Areolet internally regular ; scutellum not bordered Hemiteles, Grav. (3). 6. First segment only slightly contracted basally, stout and broad. (8). 7. Head transverse ; metathoracic spiracles large and oval Otacustes, Forst. (7). 8. Head cubical ; metathoracic spiracles small and circular Cecidonomus, Bridg. ORTHOPELMA, Taschenberg. Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 137. Head short, with vertex narrow, cheeks short, with genal costa inflexed ; mandibles slender and peristomium small ; clypeus compressed, discreted and apically sub-emarginate ; labrum conspicuous. Antennae short and filiform with scape not excised. Pronotal epomia distinct ; mesonotum sub-gibbose, with notauli wanting ; metanotal areae complete and sharply defined with only the basal area wanting ; spiracles small, circular and placed near the base in the spiracular areae ; mesosternal sulci entire and somewhat curved. Abdomen oblong-fusiform, convex, with basal segment linear, nearly cylindrical, not contracted basally, centrally canaliculate throughout, flat beneath with the membrane very short, and the sinracles before the centre ; ventral valvulae not vomeriform, terebra straight and slender. Legs somewhat stout, with the hind ones not elongate. Wings with stigma somewhat broad and triangular, the discoidal cell with its lower angle strongly acute and much longer than the brachial, which has its lower angle rectangular ; areolet usually not indicated ; nervellus slightly antefurcal and not intercepted ; second recurrent strongly sinuate. Thomson places this genus among the Pimp/inae, saying that it differs from the Cryptinae in its areolet, the not pentagonal areola, shorter antennae, undeveloped supra-coxal areae, in having the petiolar spiracles before the centre and its membrane extremely short, but (with the single exception of the petiolar conformation) it is certainly better placed in the present group than in the Pimplinae and the antennae are certainly longer than those of the Sii/pfiini, in the typical species. The species are probably exclusively parasitic upon gall -making Cynipidae. Brischke gives Tonypehna, Forst., as synonymous with this genus, but I can find no description of such a genus. Orthopelma?^ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. Ill Table of Species. (2). I. Antennae of normal length ; areola centrally explanate I. l.UTEOLATOR, Gnxv. (i). 2. Antennae very short ; areola parallel-sided 2. BRKVICORNIS, Mori. Fig. I. Fig. 2. Fig. I A. I. luteolator, Grav. Hemitehs luteolator, Grav. I. E. ii. 826 ; Ratz. Ichn. d. Forst. ii. 130, i ?. Ortho- pelma luteolator, Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 137 ; Thorns. O. E. viii, 735, > (37). (36). 34. 35- (34). (33). (32). (41). Hemiteles.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. IIQ (40). 41. Haj^clkim normal ; abdomen sculptured. (71). 42. Abdomen black or piceous, at most with incisures pale. (52). 43. Central incisures distinctly pale. (45). 44. Antennae tricoloured 21. CONT.\MlN.vrus, 6^/-(it/. (44). 45. Antennae not tricoloured. (49). 46. Central segments neither callose nor nitidulous. (48). 47. Post-petiole aciculate ; i)ctiolar area entire 22. INCISUS, Ihidg. (47). 48. Post-petiole not aciculate ; petiolar area discreted 23. BRUNNEUS, AA?r/. (46). 49. Central segments apically sub- callose and nitidulous. (51). 50. Costulae obsolete ; three basal incisures pale 24. limbatu.s, 6^/'(JT/. (50). 51. Costulae strong; central incisures alone pale 25. FLORlCOL.vroR, Grav. (43). 52. Central incisures rarely obso- letely pale. (54). 53. Segments five to seven mainly white, the second rugosely punctate 26. albom.vrginatus, Bridg. (53)- 54- ^o segments white, nor the second rugosely punctate. (56). 55. Second segment very coarsely striate 27. NIGER, Tasch. (55)- 56- Second segment not striate. (66). 57. Lateral metathoracic costae wanting. (59). 58. Metathorax punctulate with pleurae scabrous 28. melanog.vster. Thorns. (58). 59. Metathorax sub-rugose, with pleurae not scabrous. (61). 60. Stout ; metanotum transversely rugose 29. tristator, Grav. (60). 61. Normal ; metanotum not trans- versely rugose. (63). 62. Epipleurae not inflexed ; fla- gellum very slender 30. .SORDIPE.S, Grav. (62). 63. Epipleurae acutely inflexed ; tla- gellum normal. (65). 64. Second segment finely punctate ; post-petiole longer 31. CYNIPINUS, Thorns. (64). 65. Second segment glabrous ; post- petiole sub-cjuadrate 32. .siMlLl.'^, GmcL (57). 66. Lateral metathoracic costae entire. (70). 67. Central segments con fluently punctate and apically callose. (69). 68. Basal nervure vertical ; scrobes auriculate y:,. AUKKLU.ATUs, Thoiiis. (68). 69. Basal nervure oblique ; scrobes normal 34. MELANARIUS, Grav. (67). 70. Central segments sub-glabrous... 35. OBSCURU.s, AV/V/i/-. (42). 71. Abdomen more or less broadly rufesccnt. {72i)- 7-- Segments transversely im- pressed ; ? hind tibiae inflated 36. laevigatu.s, Ratz. I20 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \Hemileles. (72). 11. (75). (74). (87). 74. 75. 76. (80). n- (79)- (78). 78. 79- {n). 80. (84). 81. (83). 82. (82). 83. (81). 84. (86). 85. (85)- 86. (76). (103). 87. 88. (90). 89. (89)- 90. (94). (93)- 91. 92. (92). 93. (90- (98). (97). (96). (95). 94. 95- 96. 97. 98. (100). (99). 99. 100. (102). lOI. (lOl). 102. (88). 103. (107). 104. (106). 105. (105). 106. (104). (109). 107. 108. Segments with no impression ; hind tibiae normal. F>asc of abdomen entirely red ... y] . HIANNULATUS, Craz/. r>ase of abdomen at least black. At most two central segments pale. Second segment longitudinally striate or aciculate. Second segment alone striate ... 38. Hl'.MlPTl'lRUS, /vf(5. Second and third segments aciculate 39. scrupulosus, Griw. Second segment glabrous or punctate. Mctathorax with transverse cos- tae ; abdomen punctulate. Clypeus distinctly discreted ; mouth parts white 40. CHIONOPS, Grav. Clypeus not discreted ; mouth parts not white 41. RUFOCINCTUS, Grav. Metathorax with no distinct cos- tae ; abdomen totally glabrous. Post-petiole aciculate ; antennae tricoloured 42. VARICORNIS, Grav. Post-petiole scabriculous ; an- tennae bicoloured 43. DUBIUS, Grav. More than two segments pale. Metathorax rugulose with apo- physes sub-acute. Front tibiae sub-inflated ; lateral metathoracic costae wanting... 25. FLORICOLATOR. ^^^^■~ Front tibiae normal ; lateral metathoracic costae usually entire. Post-petiole rugose or punctate. Basal segment carinate and the central callose 44. RIDIBUNDUS, Grav. Basal segment not carinate nor the central callose 45. BALTEATUS, Thorns. Post-petiole aciculate. Petiolar area oblique. Coxae and trochanters black ... 46. IMBECILLUS, Grav. Coxae and trochanters red 47. PERSECTOR, /".r^r/; Petiolar area sub-vertical. Segments two to six red 48. TENUICORNIS, Grav. Segments two to four red. Second segment nearly smooth ; post-petiole narrower 49. OXYPHIMUS, G7'av. Second segment punctate ; post- petiole broader 50. MERIDIONALIS, GraV. Metathorax punctate or smooth with apophyses obsolete. Frons and mesonotum pubescent and dull. Head, thorax and abdomen sub- glabrous 51. MACRURUS, TJioms. Head and thorax pubescent, ab- domen finely punctate 52. ARGENTATUS, Grav. Frons and mesonotum nitidulous. Flagellar joints apically incras- sate ; anus black 53. NITIDUS, -^r/^^. Hemiteles^ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 121 Flagellar joints cylindrical ; anal segments white 54- DKCll'lKNS, Grav. Nervellus post-fuical (jjost- petiole usually elongate antl slender). Lower angle of brachial (xll ol)- tuse ; median ncrvurc cinitlet! aliove centre 55. si Ai'.NAl.ls, T/ioms. Lower angle of brachial cell acute ; median ner\ ure emittcil below centre. Second segment evenly and dis- tinctly, also basal, fiunctate ... 56. .\K.ST1VAL1.S, (J/VJT'. Second segment not distinctly punctate, basal often sub- aciculate. Flagellum tricoloured. Metathorax coarsely rugose ; second segment totally glaijrous 42. VARICORNI.S. Metathorax not rugose ; second segment obsoletely punctate... 57. HADKOCKRU.s, Tlionis. Flagellum not tricoloured. Petiolararea distinctly oblique... 46. i.Ml!l<:ciLLU.S. Petiolar area sub-vertical. Nervellus not intercepted. Abdomen black, with anterior legs piceous 58. minutus, Bridg. Abdomen centrally, and the legs, pale 59. c.RACii.is, T/io/iis. Nervellus intercepted. Pedicellus internally dentiformly produced 60. micator, Grav. Pedicellus not produced. Antennae white-banded ; al:)do- men somewhat dull 61. SUHANNUI.ATUS, Bridg. Antennae not white-banded ; ab- domen usually nitidulous. Wings strongly and evenly clouded 49. OXVPHl.MUS. Wings not or unevenly clouded. Post-petiole scabriculous ; abdo- men totally glabrous 43. DUBIUS. Post-petiole glabrous or acicu- late ; abdomen usually punc- tulate. Three basal segments red, finely and distinctly punctate 62. MELANOPYGUS, CTr^/t/. Only central segments red- marked, not or obsoletely punctate. Mesonotum dull and usually pubescent. Second segment nearly glabrous. Areola distinct ; fenestra con- fluent 57. IIADROCERUS. Areola wanting ; fenestra dis- tinctly discreted 63. ANC.LICAN'L'S, J/c;/. Second segment a c i c u 1 a t c throughout 64. niSTINCTUS, /?/7V/i'-. (108). (23). (112). (HI). (114). ("3)- (h8). (M7). (116). (115). (120). (119). (124). (123). (122). (121). (126). (125). (128). (127). (130)- (129). (132). (130- (134). (140). (•39)- (138). (137). (<36). 109. 10. '3- 14. 15- 16. 17- 18. '9- [20. 121. 122. 124. 125. 26. 127. [28. [29. 30. 131- 132. '33- '34- '35- ■ 36. 138. '39- 122 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. {Hemiteles. (135). 140. Mesonotum nitidulous and sub- glabrous. (142). 141. Second seyment sub-punctulatc ; 9 flagellum incrassate 65. VALIDICORNIS, Thorns. (141). 142. Second segment totally glabrous ; flagellum filiform 66. POLlTUS, Bridg'. 1. pullator, Grav. Cryptus pullator, Gr. I. E. ii. 584, ?. Phygadeuon pullator, Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 29, ? . Hemiteles pullator. Thorns. O. E. xxi. 2388 ; Schm. Term, Fiiz. 1897, P- 553. <5 ?. Head with the mouth dull stramineous. Antennae infuscate with the scape entirely and flagellum beneath red. Metathorax with complete areae. Abdomen black with the second and third segments broadly red or testaceous basally, darker in $ ; terebra about half the length of the abdomen. Legs stramineous or fulvidous ; darker in $ . Wings ample, sub-hyaline ; stigma piceous, radix and tegulae whitish ; areolet entire, pentagonal but with the outer nervure sub-pellucid ; nervellus intercepted below the centre. Length, 4-5 mm. Thomson, whom Schmiedeknecht copies in his inadequate description of the (?, says this species is very like H. gracilis, but that the head is less narrowed behind the eyes, the clypeus less elevated, the areolet entire, the nervellus antefurcal, and that the two pale segments bear an apical black shade. This species was introduced as British by Marshall in 1870, but I know of no indigenous records ; it is only found in Germany and Sweden on the Continent and has not yet been bred. (Ci? Phygadeuon bitindus, p. 92 ante). 2. inustus, Grav. Hemiteles iiiiistus, Gr. I. E. ii. S28 ; Schm. Term. Fiiz. 1897, p. 517, S. Abdomen black ; second segment except a large discal mark, and the basal angles of the third, red. Anterior legs red, with the coxae basally infuscate ; intermediate femora dark-marked above ; hind legs black with the trochanters, tarsi, base of femora and of tibiae, ferrugineous. Wings slightly clouded ; stigma black, with its extreme base white ; tegulae infuscate, radix white ; areolet pyramidal-pentagonal with the outer nervure sub-obsolete. Length, 6 mm. Bridg.-Fitch very truly remark (Entom. 1883, p. 105) that Gravenhorst's description is utterly inadequate, since it refers solely to the indistinctive coloration of the abdomen, legs and wings, its only pertinent point being the shape of the areolet. They surmise it to refer to the $ of some Fezoniachus, to which Gravenhorst's bare mention of its similarity with Hemimachus palpator lends probability. I should consequently have omitted this " name," were it not that Schmiedeknecht re-described it in 1897 to such an extent — overlooking, however, the shape of the areolet — ■ that the species should, I think, be ascribed to him rather than to his pre- decessor. I give their useless description, since its name has figured in the British lists, for what it is worth ! Hemiteles.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 123 3. fulvipes, Grav. Hemilehs ftilvipes, Gr. I. E. ii. 792; Ratz. Ichn. d. Forst. i. 150; iii. 151, pi. vii. fijj. 6 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 124 ; Thums. O. E. x. 968 ' ; Schm. Term. Fiiz. 1S97, p. 506, 6 9 ; (/. Bridg. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1883, p. 56. Var. (?) //. sodalis, Ralz. Ichn. d. Forst. i. 151, cJ ; ii. 168; iii. 152, 6 9 ; cf. Brisch. Dent. Ent. Zeit. 1877, p. 287. Head willi the mouth stramineous, frons dull and genal costa con- tinuous ; clypeus mutic,. discreted, short, apically straight and centrally refle.xed ; mandibles basally geniculate, with the lower margin sinuate. Antennae setiform, longer than half the body, with the scape excised and sub-globose; of $ fusiform-setaceous with the scape usually red beneath, of 6 with the scape pale citrinous at least beneath and the three following joints gradually darker. Thorax gibbulous ; pronotum with a short central carina terminating on either side in a deep fovea ; mesonotum dull, coria- ceous, densely and very finely [jubescent ; metathorax confusedly rugose, with two distinct transverse costae, the areae not very distinct, areola apically acuminate and basally rounded. Abdomen ovate, deplanate, as broad as the thorax ; basal segment densely and very finely striate with no tubercles, gradually strongly dilated towards the apex, only basally bicari- nate and, especially in c?, a little longer than apically broad; second and third segments centrally transversely impressed ; terebra one-fourth the length of the abdomen ; S with two red, curved and far-exserted anal styles. Legs normal, flavous ; the anterior coxae and trochanters stramineous, hind ones black with the trochanters white ; hind tibiae at base and apex, and the $ tarsi, infuscate. Wings normal, sub-hyaline ; stigma pale piceous, emitting the radial nervure from its centre ; tegulae and radix white ; areolet pentagonal with the outer nervure very fine or obsolete ; discoidal cell apically acute ; nervelet indicated, nervellus ante- furcal and not intercepted. Length, 3-4 mm. Bridgman says (he. cit.) it is distinguished from his H. suhmarginatus by the points enumerated under the latter species, and calls attention to the $ anal forceps, which are of very unusal length and recall those found in the Ophionid genus Mesochorus. Hemiteles socialis differs somewhat extensively from the type form in its stronger abdominal sculpture, that of the second segment becoming even granulate and sub-rugose. At Easton Broad in Suffolk, late in September, I goo, I swept a small $ H. fulvipes with piceous legs and the basal seg- ments dully coriaceous with their apical margins glabrous and sub callose. It appears to vary considerably. The economy of H. socialis is somewhat fully described by Ratzeburg (loc. cit.): Nordlinger first bred it from the yellow cocoons of Alicrogaster crataegi, which were clustered on the underside of a larva of Pieris brassicae ; it emerges in the middle of September. Subsequently fifteen specimens emerged at the end of June from twenty cocoons of Apantcles oclonarius, parasitic upon Lithosia quadra, in about twelve days. Ratze- burg supposed the Hemiteles to oviposit in the larvae of the Apanteles during the few hours they lie exposed, between emerging from their host and spinning their own cocoon ; but Brischke (loc. cit.) says that he took at the beginning of August, 187 1, a 9 H. fulvipes running busily among 1 Thomson's "fulvipes, Grav." (O. E. 854) is a lapsus calami for rujipcs. 124 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Hemifeles. a mass of Alicro^asler }:;/omeratiis cocoons beneath a rose leaf; on the following day the female was dead, and in less than three weeks one c? and twenty-nine $ $ H.fiilvif>es emerged from the cocoons. Though the Hemiteks themselves are hy[)erparasitic, they in their turn are destroyed by two species of Chalcids, Entedon viiii//ae and Pieromaliis Boiicheanus to such an extent that Tischbein observed that although all the Micro- gasters of a brood were destroyed, all the Hemiteles exce[)t only one shared the same fate at the hands of the Chalcids. This species is a common parasite in Microgasterid cocoons and one of the most abundant species of the genus in the palaearctic zone. Graven- horst took the male on Riibus flowers in October, and Nees the female among fallen leaves in the autumn ; Taschenberg records it as bred from Alicrogaster pupae ex Lasiocampa pi?ii and from spiders' nests. It is said to be common in Norfolk and bred from cocoons of Apanteles congesius and from Cymatophora or, by W. Fletcher (Bridgman), bred early in April from the pupa-case of Fa/iessa atalanta in Devon, and found at Bickleigh on 1 6th September (Bignell), Adkin has bred it from a spider's nest at Leigh in Essex {E.M.M. 1890, p. 249) and Wainwright through Apanteles sp. from a Noctuid larva. Armagh (Johnson, Irish Nat. 1904, p. 256); Maldon in Essex (Fitch). It has been bred from Zygaena filipendi//ae, Plusia chrysids, Pieris rapae, through Apanteles zygaenarum — see also Bignell's Devon Braconids, p. 15 — from Melitaea artemis and through Apanteles sp. from Arctia villica (Buckler). On Clostera anastomosis and, through a Micmgaster, on Liparis dispar (Giraud). Marshall bred it from Apanteles glomeratiis w^on Pieris hrassicae (Bracon. d'Europ. i. 422), and says that every one of the parasites' cocoons yielded a single female of the hyperparasite, which has been reared from spiders' eggs (Ent. Ann. 1874, p. 124). It has also been recorded as hyperparasitic upon Hadena oleracea through Apanteles spurius (Bridg.-Fitch) ; Bonibyces through A. ordinarii/s, Ratz. (Marsh, i. 412); Vanessa nriicae, Selandria pusilla, Diloba caeruleo- cephala, Plusia ga/nma, Zygaena trifolii and Euchelia jacobeae (Brischke). Chitty has taken it at Doddington in Kent, Dr. Cassal upon lilac at Ashby near Doncaster, in May, and Bignell at Yelverton, in August ; there are several in Capron's collection, probably from Shere, and I have captured it, always on house-windows, at Southwold late in September, and in Ipswich in the middle of April. 4. marginatus, Bridg. Hemiteles marginatus, Bridg. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1883, p. 144 ; Schm. Term. Fiiz. 1897, p. 518, 6 ?. Head sub-buccate, nitidulous, finely punctate and hardly contracted posteriorly. Antennae filiform, as long as the body, with the scape stramineous beneath ; of $ distinctly pilose, hardly incrassate apically, with the two basal flagellar joints sub-equal and thrice longer than broad. Thorax rather longer than high ; mesonotum dull, finely and densely punctate, scabriculous between the obsolete notauli ; metathorax nitidu- lous, areola strongly elongate with the transverse costae distinct, costulae obsolete, lateral areae longitudinally striate ; petiolar area very narrow, discreted and nearly vertical. Scutellum shining and very sparsely punc- tate. Abdomen with all the segments, except the first, narrowly stramineous apically, of $ elongate-ovate and nitidulous, of S sub-cylindrical and Hetnite/es.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 1 25 pubescent ; basal segment gradually explanate throughout, spiracles not prominent, of ? densely and of 6 obsolctely aciculate ; second segment conlkiently punctate longitudinally, of 6 quadrate and of 9 transverse ; third distinctly punctate ; apical margins of the first three segments trans- versely sub-impressed, sub-callose and, together with the remainder of the abdomen, glabrous ; terebra one-third the length of the abdomen. Legs slender, pale fulvous, with the trochanters and anterior coxae flavous ; sometimes the tarsi, posterior femora and tibiae, apically infuscate. Wings with the areolet externally incomplete ; tegulae, stigma and radix stra- mineous ; nervellus indistinct, antefurcal. Lengtli, 4-5 nun. Bridgmaii says this species is rendered distinct by the peculiarly elongate and often indistinct areola, the pale margin of all the segments and the longitudinal puncturation of the second ; but it is very closely allied to H. julvipes and H. subnuirginatus in its carinate and foveate pronotum, and impressed segments ; the antennae are, however, longer and the areola less distinctly defined ; it has the pale incisures of the latter and the broad post-petiole of the former. I am strongly of o[)inion that these three species are but forms of a single one. The types of this species were taken by Peter Cameron, probably near the Clyde ; and I possess others from Surrey and Hertfordshire in Capron's and Piffard's collections. Schmiedeknecht tells us it has been bred from Chrysocorys festaliella. 5. submarginatus, Bridg. Heiititeles submarginatus^ Bridg. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1SS3, p. 143 ; Schm. Term. Fiiz. 1897, p. 507,ia/ipen?tel/a), Gastropacha quercus and Bomhyx neustria ; and Giraud bred it hyperparasitically, through Microgaster sp., from Liparis dispar. It has been bred in England from the galls of Cynips Kollari. This appears, although common enough, to be much less abundant than H. areator ; it sometimes occurs on umbels in June and oak-trunks in April. I have records from Norfolk ; Stonehouse and Bolt Head, in ]3evon _; Ore, Fair- light, Guestling and Hollington, in Sussex ; Maldon, in Essex ; Eelden, in Herts. ; Greenings and Shere, in Surrey ; Bury St. Edmunds, Tuddenham Fen and Bentley Woods, in Suffolk ; Reigate, Worksop, Bristol, Lynd- hurst, Acton, Chiswick and Wales. It is often found in houses (ritain it has been bred by Sang from Exaereiia Allisella (Entom. 18S1, p. 139), and has been recorded from the Hastings district, Earlham near Norwich, Bickleigh, in Devon, and Armagh (Irish Nat. 1904, p. 256). I possess specimens taken by Butler at Abinger Hammer, Capron about Shere, Piffard at Felden, and by myself at Lyndhurst in the New Forest early in August. In one of the four cocoons of Zyi^aena filip€7idulae, containing larvae of ATesostenus obnoxius (q.v. post), sent me by Prideaux, from Reigate in February, 1901, was a hyperparasite's cocoon. The Mesos/enus cocoon was quite perfect and contained its larva, which had evidently not been long dead, since it was quite soft and only beginning to turn black, but the whole surface had become very finely and distinctly transaciculate through shrinkage ; on its skin were two or three membraneous bodies, probably drawn from its interior organs with the emergence of the para- sitic larva, as well as a few black spots. No trace of further parasites was found upon opening the dead larva, which was less than half consumed. Within the Mesostenus cocoon, affixed to one side of it and occupying rather less than half its lateral area, was the cocoon of the hyjierparasite, composed of white strands where it was affixed, though centrally trans- lucent and showing the yellow colour of the larva within it. It is of the consistency of gold-beater's skin, ovate-cylindrical, much depressed and composed of three or four unconnected layers. 138 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Bemiteks. The hyperparasitic larva consists of thirteen dorsal and fourteen ventral segments, including the head and anus. Like that of the Mesosfem/s, it is primrose-yellow throughout and its lateral border is equally explanate, the segments being obliquely impressed at the longitudinal fold. The central dorsal line (alimentary canal) is noticeably darker on the third to the ninth segments. The second segment appears to have a minute prominence on either side in front, and the third to the eighth are furnished with somewhat arcuatcly placed pseudo-feet. The usual sub-cutaneous granules are visible, though less distinct than in Mesosfeni/s (they probably vary in distinctness at different periods of life). The larva's head is marked as shown in the figure, and the larva which is strongly deplanate, both dorsally and ven- trally, is shaped as in figure 2. Castaiieus. nv* "J, . I saw no more of this insect after replacing it in its cocoon till the morning of 30th April following, when I found it had emerged as a female Heiniteles castaneiis. It was a most active creature, incessantly vibrating its antennae and poking them into every chink of its prison ; to such an extent did it appear to rely upon the sense of touch that one might suppose its sight defective if it did not at once retreat upon an approach being made. When motionless on a level surface the antennae are deflected and held wide apart, with their apices just touching the ground ; when on a perpendicular surface they are laid back and held close together over the thorax. 19. pedestris, Fab. Iihiietiiji07i peJestris, Fab. E. S. ii. 344. Pezomadiits pedestris, Gr. I. E. ii. SSz ; Ratz. Ichn. d. Forst. i. 154; iii. 149,?. Theroscopus pedestris, Forst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 102, ?. Heiniteles pedestris, Thorns. O. E. x. 993, c? 9 • H- vionozoniiis, Gr. I. E. ii. 802, if. i. Siippl. 712 ; Ratz. Ichn. d. Forst. 152 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 133, i . Var. H. micator, Gr. I. E. ii. 832, excl. 9 . (?) H. castaiieus. Thorns. O. E. X. 971, excl. 9. Pezoniachus vagaiis, Rosenh. Bericht Naturf. Ntirnb. 1845, p. 179 ; cf. Ann. Soc. Fr. 1869, pi. i. fig. 15, 9 . 6 . Head black with the palpi infuscate ; mandibles sparsely punctate with the lower tooth somewhat the shorter ; clypeus indistinctly discreted, apically reflexed, with a single central sub-acuminate tooth ; face and frons deplanate and coriaceous ; vertex evenly convex and dull. Antennae slightly shorter than the body, setaceous, pilose; black with the base of the cylindrical first flagellar joint alone red. Thorax black and dull, strongly convex and somewhat short ; pronotum with no carinae ; meso- notum dull, closely and evenly coriaceous, anteriorly elevated with the notauli wanting ; metathorax evenly scabrous and convex, with the discal costae entirely obsolete and apophyses wanting. Scutellum coriaceous and somewhat convex. Abdomen elongate-ovate, shortly pilose, black, with the incisures of the first two or three segments castaneous ; basal Hemiteles.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. I39 segment elongate, linear, with the post-petiole hardly broader, basally carinate and laterally narrowly bordered throughout, with the spiraeles sometimes prominent ; three basal segments closely, finely and evenly coriaceous and dull, the following nitidulous. Legs red, with coxae, base of the posterior trochanters, hind femora and all the tarsi, piceous. Wings ample and evenly though very slightly clouded ; nervures and the broad stigma piceous, base of the latter and tegulae and radix flavous ; fenestrae broadly separated, nervellus very strongly antefurcal. Length, 3^-5 mm. The four basal antennal joints are said to be sometimes red. I possess a micropterous specimen belonging certainly to this species, since the outline, scul})lure and abdominal coloration are identical, though the basal third of the antennae, the coxae, trochanters and femora are entirely testaceous, and the thorax obsoletely castaneous-marked. The wings are extremely small and the scutellum proportionately weakly developed. I only know the c? of this species, which may conceivably be Graven- horst's N. livibatiis^ but if so, the descriptions of the latter are utterly inadequate, and the present insect differs very widely in sculpture from that which I understand as H. liiiibatus. It bears a superficial resemblance in its convex thorax and sub-ovate abdomen to //. aestivalis, but the antefurcal nervellus and linear petiole are very distinct. The dentate clypeus and exareolated metathorax will distinguish it from any described species. The variety mica tor is more slender, with the palpi, whole of second, and part of the third segment, stramineous. It is very possible that both this and the type form should [)rove to be the c? of some cognate Fezo- i/iachits, to which relationship the metathoracic structure points, but till the sexes be associated it is fitter to retain it in Haniteles. Gravenhorst captured it on shrubs in August, and says that Hope took, at Netley in Shropshire, a specimen with antennae entirely, the hind coxae and apices of their tibiae, black, which he considered a variety of this species. It has been bred on the Continent, where it is found only in Germany, by Hartig, from Perilitis unicolor (cf. Kirch. Cat. 66). In Britain there are no recent records ; it first occurred to me in the Bentley AV'oods near Ipswich, on loth April, 1895 ; I subsequently found it hibernating in a tuft of grass in St. Helen's Wood at Hastings, in March, at Monk Park W^ofjd in Suffolk and at Gosfield in Essex, in May. Piffard has found it at Felden in Herts., and it is probably not uncommon in Britain. The above-described micropterous specimen was bred by E. R. Bankes in July, 1901, hyperparasitically through a species of Liinneria, from AcroUpia granitella, Tr., at Corfe Castle in Dorsetshire. Since writing the above I have identified the brachypterous o with that of Hemiteles ( Theroscopus) pedestris as described by Thomson, and am now in a position to associate the sexes. $. Head black with the palpi fulvous and mandibles dark red.apically piceous ; face rugose above ; clypeus and the prominent epistoma smooth ; clypeal foveae with an external rugose area; head smooth with diffuse and somewhat coarse puncturation. Antennae piceous with the five or seven basal joints red ; two basal flagellar joints of ecjual length. Thorax entirely black with coarse puncturation and long pubescence ; petiolar area rugose with no basal costa ; apophyses acuminate; costae wanting, 140 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Hemifeks. with only the area spiraculifera indistuict. Abdomen very diffusely and finely punctate and pubescent, black with the second and third segments red, sixth and seventh whitish ; basal segment not longer than the terebra, its spiracles obsolete ; petiole normally, with the aciculate and punctate post-petiole strongly, explanate, its apex broad. Legs red with the apex of the hind femora, base and apex of their tibiae, piceous. Wings hardly reaching beyond base of mctathorax, extremely short and narrow. Length, 5 mm. The female is by no means uncommon with us ; Piffard has taken both sexes at Felden in Herts. ; Elliott has swe[)t the female from reeds in Barnby Broad, in August ; Capron found it in Surrey ; Donisthorpe has sent it me from Kerry in Leland ; and I have captured it beneath Ononis on the shore at Southwold in Suffolk, in July. Butler has found the brachypterous male at Abinger Hammer in Surrey ; Chitty at Hunting- field in Kent, in October ; and Chapman has sent me a female bred at Locarno from a black earthen cocoon in which I found a dead Acanis, upon which it is extremely probable that it had subsisted. 20. subzonatus, Grav. Ichneumon suhzonatits, Gr. Mon. Fed. 40 ; Pezomachus subzonatus, Gr. I. E. ii. 887 ; Theroscopus subzonatus, Foist. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. lOi,?. Hemiteles ctassi- coi-nis, Gr. I. E. ii. 847 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 123 ; Schm. Term. Ftiz. 1897, P- 517, ?• 9 . Head black, hardly narrowed posteriorly, with the mouth red ; vertex convex, nitidulous and sub-glabrous. Antennae filiform, rather longer than half the body, with the three basal joints usually red ; flagellum very stout with eighteen joints, of which the basal ones are distinctly discreted, the second being longer than the first. Thorax stout, sub- cylindrical ; mesonotum nitidulous and centrally sub-aciculate ; metathorax finely alutaceous with the costulae and apophyses entire; areola hexagonal and not longer than broad ; petiolar area not discreted. Abdomen ovate, petiolate ; infuscate with the three first segments indeterminately red or luteous ; basal segment usually piceous, obsoletely aciculate, with the petiole linear, rather narrower and twice longer than the narrow, bordered and slightly explanate post-petiole; spiracles obsolete; following segments glabrous and strongly nitidulous ; terebra one-third the length of the abdomen. Legs not slender, entirely pale fulvous, with only the apical tarsal joint infuscate. Wings normal, hardly clouded; stigma and costa piceous, the former obsoletely paler basally ; radix and tegulae white ; areolet pentagonal and incomplete, nervellus distinctly antefurcal. Length, 3 mm. S ■ So similar to the female that it is strange it has hitherto been over- looked. The head is identical in every way ; the antennae are nearly the length of the body and much less incrassate, though the flagellum still bears eighteen joints, of which the second is slightly longer than the basally pale first joint ; mesonotum basally scabriculous and sub-deplanate ; abdomen elongate and broadest behind the middle, with the basal segment sub-linear and less explanate apically ; posterior coxae and base of the trochanters black. Otherwise it exactly corresponds with the female. The male type is in my collection. ffemiteles.'] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. I4I I have noticed four varieties of this species, to which Forster would doubtless have accorded siiecitic rank: (i) Flagellum of c? with nineteen, of ? with seventeen, much less distinctly discrcted joints, of wliich the two basal are sub-equal in length ; mesonotum nitidulous throughout and not deplanate ; post-petiole more strongly aciculate with prominent spiracles ; posterior coxae and often the hind femora i)lack ; and, above all, the nervellus interce[)ted only just below the centre. (2) l'"lagellum of both sexes with nineteen joints, of which the second is distinctly shorter than the first, and the following three or four moniliform and red ; meso- notum nitidulous and convex throughout ; post-petiole somewhat strongly aciculate, but with no conspicuous spiracles ; hind legs with the coxae basally and femora centrally piceous ; and, above all, the nervellus opposite and not intercepted. (3) Antennae rather longer than the body ; flagellum conformed -as in the type-form, but bearing twenty joints, of whicli the second is rather shorter tlian the first ; head and mesothorax dull and coriaceous ; post-petiole densely and evenly aciculate throughout ; re- mainder as in the type. (4) Agreeing in every particular with the type-form, excepting only that the wings are only visible under a high- power lens with a consequential modification of the whole metathorax and scutellum, which latter is reduced to half its normal size ; beyond this I was surprised to find the eyes, which normally occupy the whole side of the head, greatly reduced in size and of greater convexity, leaving a broad space before the occiput. This is the form first described by Gravenhorst. This differs from all our other species described by Gravenhorst in its distinctly incrassate antennae and exactly ovate abdomen, the colour of which latter appears to be subcutaneous and is, consequently, extremely variable, the whole abdomen being sometimes pale, and at others piceous with only the second segment basally pale. It also rarely has the meta- thorax more or less badious. It is doubtless very common, though I find but two records, and it has not yet been bred : taken in Devon, probably at Alphington (Parfitt) ; Maldon in Essex (Fitch). The typical females Tuck has sent me from Bungay in October, and from Tostock and Finborough Park in Suffolk in September ; Bignell from Cann Wood in Devon in July, and Exeter in August ; Piffard has taken it at Felden in Herts. ; and Capron commonly in Surrey. I have noticed that when alarmed it feigns death by curling up its legs and wings and remaining motionless for some moments. It has occurred to me on the flowers of A/i<:;e/ica sy/vfsfn's at Claydon in September, by sweeping in a marshy wood at Bramford and on nettles at Ipswich in October, in a bag of pine needles from W'herstead in Fel)ruary, but it is commonest in A|)ril u])on thick Coniferae at Hentley Woods and Foxhall, and I once found it in an Ipswich sand pit early in May, and once on Angelica flowers at Matley Bog in the New Forest, in August. The ty]iical males have been found by Bignell at Bicklt-igh in June, August and Se[)teniber ; by Marshall at (Jornworthy and Jiishopsteignton in Devon ; and on Daiicus carota flowers at Westleton ; Atii^elica (lowers in an Ijiswich garden ; on reeds at Covehithe Broad and flying upon Southwold beach in July (all in Suffolk), by myself On the Continent it a[)pears but little known, and that only in Hungary and Germany. Of my first variety I possess females from Brandon, beneath i)ark of a felled log full of Laemoph/oeus fcrruvitieus and Typhaea Juniata at W'herstead in May, and from Wicken in June ; Butler has sent it me from Abinger 142 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Hemiteles. Hammer, and Marshall (the only S I have seen) from Cornworthy, near Totnes. The second variety is represented in my collection by a female taken by Capron, probably at Shore, and a male by Marshall at Govilon, near Abergavenny. Of the third variety I have but a single female, also from among Marshall's unnamed specimens, from Botusfleming in Cornwall. The micropterous form (Pez. sn/'zo/tatus) has not before been associated with H. crassicornis, and only four examples have come under my observa- tion ; one captured by Willoughby Ellis in Sherwood Forest and another by E. A. Butler at Wymondley in Hertfordshire ; Piffard has found one at Felden in Herts, and in the middle of September, 1898, I took it in a crag pit at Foxhall, near Ipswich. 21. contaminatus, Grav. Hei/ii/eles corifaifiiiiatiis, Gr. I. E. ii. 840; Schm. Term. Ftiz. 1897, p. 516,9. Head with mouth stramineous. Antennae slender, filiform and rather shorter than body, with the joints cylindrical and not discreted ; infuscate, basally testaceous and centrally broadly white-banded. Thorax sub- cylindrical. Abdomen fusiform, distinctly petiolate, slightly narrower than the thorax and apically truncately compressed ; black with margin of first two segments rufescent and of the last stramineous ; basal segments bottle-shaped, with post-petiole as long as petiole and twice longer than broad ; terebra hardly length of half abdomen and obliquely reflexed. Legs slender, entirely pale flavidous. Wings ample and hardly clouded ; stigma dark testaceous, tegulae red, radix pale stramineous. Length, 4 mm. We here have a good example of the value of Taschenberg's revision ; he makes no mention of the present species, which consequently no one has recognized from Gravenhorst's description, translated above. The original single female transmitted to Gravenhorst from Piedmont still remains unique, excepting, of course, for the supposititious British speci- men or specimens brought forward by Marshall in his 1870 Catalogus and repeated in 1872. 22. incisus, Bridg. Hemiteles incisus, Briflg. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1883, p. 150, 9 ; Thorns. O. E. x. 987, (5-9 . Head somewhat nitidulous, of S dilated behind the eyes ; frons finely and somewhat sparsely punctate, transverse ; face slightly narrower above than below ; mandibles not tuberculate, of $ black. Antennae of S black, of $ rather longer than half body, filiform, with scape red ; two basal flagellar joints red, of equal length and four times longer than broad, following becoming shorter. Thorax as broad as head and slightly longer than high ; mesonotum dull and pubescent, centrally scabriculous an- teriorly and aciculate posteriorly ; notauli distinct but not deeply impressed, extending to centre, with lateral lobes nitidulous and distinctly though not very closely punctate ; metathorax nitidulous and rugose with the transverse costae prominent, but the longitudinal indistinct ; areola irregularly hexa- gonal, twice broader basally ; petiolar area entire, apophyses sub-acute. Scutellum smooth and shining, sparsely punctate. Abdomen smooth and shining with scanty pul)escence ; the segments transverse with very distinct incisures, the second to fourth and a[)ex of the first brunneous ; basal Hemifeles.'] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. I43 segment distinctly and usually the basal half of the second finely aciculate, the former explanate and twice longer than apically broad ; tercbra about half the length of the abdomen. Legs stout, red ; tarsal claws somewhat stout ; S with the coxae and trochanters black. Wings with the stigma piceous and apically white ; radix and base of costa pale ; areolet pen- tagonal with the outer nervure wanting, nervellus antefurcal ; of $ usually with an infuscate fascia traversing the disc beneath the stigma. Length, 3-5 mm. This distinct species is said to be similar in colour and size to Il.flori- co/a/or, but the sculpture of the head and mesonotum, the ? fasciated wings and $ dilated occiput will readily distinguish it. I possess, how- ever, females in which the wings are hardly at all fasciated, though the metathoracic and petiolar sculpture is identical. The original female was taken by Billups at Chobham. Bred from Laverna epilobiella and captured at Earlham and Heigham, near Norwich, in July and September (Bridgman). Recently it has turned up in Sweden and Germany. It has occurred to me at Finborough Park in Suffolk in mid-September ; Capron found it at Shere in Surrey ; Bignell at Chichester and Bickleigh, in July and August ; and Beaumont at Lewisham, in May. 23. brunneus, sp. n. Head black, transverse, distinctly narrowed behind the eyes, very closely and finely punctate, and dull, with the vertex sub-convex and finely pubescent. Antennae piceous, ferrugineous beneath ; flagellum filiform, sub-incrassate apically and consisting of nineteen, twenty or twenty-one joints ; basal joints decreasing in length, scape sub-cylindrical. Thorax somewhat short, black ; pronotum not carinate ; mesonotum obsoletely punctate, nitidulous and anteriorly vertical, with the notauli small and not deeply impressed ; metathorax shining, with distinct and strong costae ; areola entire, emitting the costulae from its centre, of ? sub-transverse and basally rounded, of $ sub-quadrate and basally con- tracted ; petiolar area discreted, apophyses small but acute. Abdomen sub-glabrous, piceous, with two or three basal segments brunneous, of $ elongate-ovate, of $ sub-cylindrical ; basal segment sub-glabrous, of ? with the post-petiole bordered, of $ sparsely punctate and distinctly bicarinate ; terebra three-quarters the length of the abdomen. Legs entirely testaceous, with only the apices of the tarsi piceous. Wings hyaline, with the areolet apically incomplete and sub-transverse ; fenes- trae broad and very nearly confluent, discoidal cell apically acute ; nervellus slightly antefurcal, intercepted far below the centre. Length, 3-3^ mm. i 9 . This species is closely allied to //. incisus, Bridg., but differs very materially in the structure of the mesonotum, metathorax and basal abdominal segments. I expect it to be not unconmion, though probably mixed with the preceding. A male occurred to me on flowers of Afii^e/ica sylvestris at ('laydon bridge near Ipswich, in August, KS99, and subsequently a female on the window of a house in Soulhwold, in the middle of September. Tuck has found it at Tostock early in September, and r)igne!l at Bickleigh, in June and August. 144 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Hemifeles. 24. limbatus, Grav. Hemiteles liiiiha/iis, i\i. I. E. ii. S03 ; Tasch. Zeits. (^es. Nal. 1865, p. 126; Schm. Term. Fiiz. 1897, p. 517, cJ. S. Head black, with the clypeiis discreted and somewhat angularly prominent apically. Antennae setaceous and longer than half the body. Thorax black ; metathorax rugose, centrally longitudinally wrinkled with the costulae indistinct ; peliolar area laterally curved and basally sub- acuminate. Abdomen oblong-ovate and narrower than the thorax ; the three first segments closely punctate apically and laterally, and the following apically, red ; the basal segment obsoletely tuberculate, a[)ically gradually dilated, laterally immaculate, with the post-petiole rather longer than broad and obsoletely aciculate. Legs normal, red ; trochanters except apices of the hind ones, and all the co.xae, black ; anterior femora externally black-marked. Wings normal, hardly clouded ; stigma black, tegulae dull ferrugineous ; radix flavescent, areolet wanting. Length, 4-6 mm. The conformation of the clypeus, which seems to relate it with C. inimicus, and of the petiolar area are hardly sufficient to distinguish this species. There is, however, a male in my collection which agrees with no other known species, but possesses all the points enumerated above. To them I would add that the head is buccate and entirely black, with only the apices of the mandibles dull red, their teeth being sub-equal ; clypeus convex, apically mutic and punctate, and distinctly discreted ; face and vertex shortly pubescent and obsoletely punctate, with deeply impressed genal sulcus and sub-prominent epistoma. The second flagellar joint is not shorter than the first. Mesonotum obsoletely pubescent and punctu- late, nitidulous with the notauli elongate, sub-coalesced discally but not deeply impressed ; basal area broad, areola exactly hexagonal, truncate at base and apex, emitting the obsolete costulae from its centre ; petiolar area somewhat narrow, scabrous with no apophyses. Basal segment scabrous throughout and hardly curved, with distinct tubercles, before which it is bicarinate ; post-petiole not narrow, parallel-sided, obsoletely aciculate and distinctly margined ; second segment closely and evenly coriaceous, apically glabrous and sub-callose, with the thyridii sub- transverse. Hind femora, apices of their tibiae and all the tarsi piceous. $. Agreeing in every \yay with the above $, excepting in the con- formation of the basal segment and the coloration of the legs ; the metathorax is identical in every particular, but the antennae are centrally sub-incrassate and ferrugineous. The basal segment is apically broad, gradually explanate throughout with the basal carinhe inconspicuous ; the post-petiole is sub-convex and evenly coriaceous, with very slight traces of aciculation, but distinctly margined laterally. Legs entirely fulvous with only the hind coxae black. Terebra three-quarters the length of the abdomen. Length, 3! mm. Both sexes strongly resemble H. crassicflrnis in outline, but the costulae are obsolete and the areola a little longer than broad. The $ has the post-petiole much broader, and in the ? , which is now for the first time described, the abdominal coloration is definite, with the antennae more slender. Hemtteles.'] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. I45 The above male and female were standing under this name in a collec- tion kindly given me by Mr. Alfred Piffard, and were captured by him at Felden in Hertfordshire ; Wilson Saunders also took it, probably at Greenings in Surrey. It is said to have been bred by lirischke from the cocoon of a species of Chrysopa in (lermany, where alone it has been noticed on the Continent. 25. floricolator, Grav. Ileiniteks Jloricolator, Cr. I. E. ii. 841, ? (? c? ) ; Tasch. Zeils. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 132, ?; Thorns. O. E. x. 981, (? 9. Micro^^aster petlae, Doumerc, Hull. Soc. Fr. 1855, p. 81 ; cf. Sichel, ///'. cil. p. 88 et 1857, p. 96. Head black, with the mandibles generally castaneous ; epistoma not prominent ; clypeus short and discreted. Antennae slender, filiform, shorter than the body ; of c? black, of ? with the flagellar joints discreted, ferrugiiieous with the scape concolorous beneath. Thorax black, epomiae wanting. Metathorax finely alutaceous, with distinct apophyses and complete u[)per areae ; lateral costae wanting or, like the spiracles, sub- contiguous with the pleural ; areola sub pentagonal. Abdomen oblong, as broad as the thorax ; black, of $ with the second and third segments apically, of ? with the second and third segments entirely, generally also apex of the first, base of the fourth and the sides of the fifth, red ; basal segment stout, carinate, twice longer than broad, gradually dilated apically, and more or less distinctly canaliculate ; tubercles wanting, post-petiole closely punctate ; segments two to four very finely punctate with apical margin sub-callose and nitidulous ; terebra nearly length of abdomen. Legs rather pale red, with femora and tibiae stout, and hind tarsi some- times infuscate. Wings hyaline and somewhat ample ; stigma and tegulae stramineous or piceous, radix pale ; areolet pentagonal with outer nervure obsolete. Length, 3-52 mm. Thomson says the stout legs, inflated front tibiae and entirely or partly red second and third segments of the $ , and the black abdomen with the second and third segments only apically red of the $ , will distinguish this species, which is most closely allied to H. mehifiogaster. It occurs in Sweden and Germany and is probably quite common with us. W. H. B. Fletcher has bred both sexes from old birds' nests — perhaj)s from Tinea riistkella — at Bognor, together with Phyi^adeiwn rtislicellae (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 338) ; and Ikidgman adds that the female varies much in colour, one having the abdomen almost entirely black, with only the two basal segments apically rufescent. It is said to occur in June and has been taken at Maldon in Essex (Fitch), Shere in Surrey (Capron), Ireland (Beaumont), Earlham and Lakenham in Norfolk (Bridgman), and bred from Depn'ssaria ncrvosella, on 20th August, in Devon (Bignell). I swept a male at Matley Bog, in the New Forest, on loth August, 1901. 26. albomarginatus, Bridg. Heini teles albomarginatus, Bridg. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1887, p. 363 ; .Schm. Term. Fiiz. 1897. P- 5'9. ¥• A shining black species with the legs mainly red and anus broadly white. Head transverse, sub-glabrous and slightly pubescent, i)roader L 146 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Hemiteies. than the thorax and strongly contracted behind the eyes. Antennae slender, about as long as the body, sub-filiform but attenuate towards both base and apex ; the second and third flagellar joints sub-ecjual and nearly four times longer than broad. Thorax sHghtly longer than high ; meso- notum somewhat sparsely punctate, especially laterally, with the notauli distinct ; metathoracic areae entire, costae prominent and coarsely rugu- lose ; areola pentagonal, hardly longer than broad. Scutellum gibbose and sparsely punctate. Abdomen elongate-ovate, with the second incisure sub-rufescent and segments five to seven distinctly white apically ; post- petiole roughly punctate, explanate and about one-fourth longer than the breadth of the glabrous apex ; spiracles not prominent ; following segments transverse, the second and third centrally impressed and rugosely punctate discally ; terebra two-thirds the length of the abdomen. Legs slender, red ; coxae, base of trochanters and of the posterior femora, nigrescent ; tarsi apically infuscate. Wings slightly clouded, tegulae and radix white ; stigma infuscate, basally pale ; areolet pentagonal and incomplete ; nervelet distinct ; nervellus antefurcal. Length, nearly 5 mm. This unique female was found by G. C. Champion at Box Hill in Surrey, and is probably in the Bridgman Collection in the Norwich Castle Museum. 27. niger, Tasch. Hemiteies niger, Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 136, (? ?. A Stout black species. Head coarsely punctate, with piceous pubes- cence, black with the mouth red ; clypeus discreted, short and a little narrower than the face. Antennae shorter than the body, black, filiform, with the joints not discreted and the scape red beneath ; of ? with a central band white. Thorax black ; mesonotum coarsely and sparsely punctate with the notauli strong and basally coalesced ; metathorax strongly rugose, especially in the $ ; areae complete, areola elongate and narrow, of c^ pentagonal and apically truncate with the basal area lanceo- late ; petiolar area discreted. Abdomen elongate, basally dull and broadest behind the middle ; basal segment gradually explanate, hardly angular behind the spiracles, which are not prominent ; basally bicarinate with the post-petiole margined ; the three basal segments distinctly and coarsely striolate longitudinally, the following finely punctate and densely pubes- cent. Legs red ; tarsi and 6 coxae and femora black. Wings with the radix testaceous ; tegulae and stigma black ; fenestrae broadly separated and the nervellus distinctly antefurcal. Length, 5-6 mm. The coarse sculpture and black abdomen, combined with the striate second and base of the third segments will at once distinguish this species, whose facies is much more that of a Phygadeuon, to which genus it prob- ably more properly appertains, since the outer nervure of the areolet is traceable though pellucid. Taschenberg first bred it from a ligneous fungus, wherein, I surmise, it may have been parasitic upon Onhesia ?nica7is larvae. I found a male of this species hibernating in moss in the Bentley Woods near Ipswich, on 23rd March, 1895. This is a most remarkable incident, and I can recall no other instance of hibernation among jnale Ichneumonidae, excepting my above record oi Hemileles pedeslris, Fab. On 4th April, 1896, I swept Hefniieles.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. I47 another example of the same sex at Foxhall in Suffolk ; Piffard has also taken it at Felden in Hertfordshire ; and Thornley at Leverton in Notting- hamshire, on loth April. 28. melanogaster, Thorns, Hemiteles melanogaster. Thorns. O. E. x. 9S2 ; Schm. Term. Fiiz. 1897, p. 523, $ ? . Black, with legs except base of coxae red, metathorax punctulate, metapleurae scabrous ; $ with the legs black with the apices of the tro- chanters, the anterior knees and tibiae testaceous, the hind tibiae being nigrescent at base and apex. Length, 3-4 mm. Closely allied to H. Jlon'co/afor, Grav., in its hyaline wings, absent epomiae, the lateral metathoracic costae wanting or lying close to the pleural, with which the spiracles are nearly contiguous, the very finely punctate central segments which bear sub-callose and nitidulous apical margins and in the short radial appendix, but differing therefrom in the metathoracic sculpture, black and dully sub-rugose abdomen and bicarinate post-petiole. Bridgman devotes two lines in the middle of a paragraph (Trans. Norf. Soc. 1890, p. 64) to the record of both sexes of this new British species ; really, if insects new to the British fauna be recorded, it is only fair to the systematist that they should be brought prominently forward in other than a local society's journal. They were captured at Earlham near Norwich, in July, 18S9. An allied species, H. sisyphii. Verb., has been bred from the egg-sacs of Theridium sisyphmm, Clerck, in Germany. 29. tristator, Grav. Hemiteles tristator, Gr. I. E. ii. 787, i ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 126; Schm. Term. Ftiz. 1897, p. 523, i 9. Black. Head with palpi and mandibles ferrugineous ; clypeus discreted and apically rounded. Antennae setiform, about length of body, with scape usually rufescent beneath. Metathorax transversely rugose ; areola broader than long ; apophyses sometimes acute. Abdomen oblong-ovate, as broad as thorax, with central segments parallel-sided and sub-deplanate ; basal segment sub-linear with post-petiole slightly longer than broad and a little broader and shorter than petiole ; second and third segments some- times with incisures castaneous ; $ valvulae distinct. Legs somewhat slender ; the anterior red or stramineous with the coxae usually red with black base, and the hind ones red or testaceous with the coxae, whole or base of trochanters, centre or apices of femora, apices of tibiae and the tarsi, infuscate or black ; 9 with hind femora red. Wings sub-hyaline ; stigma infuscate, radix and tegulae whitish ; areolct pentagonal, nearly always with outer nervure obsolete. Length, 3-5 mm. Gravenhorst instances a <$ variety, which is more slender, with all the femora entirely testaceous, but it doubtless has no connection here, since Taschenberg says its areolet is externally entire. The present species resembles a Pli\}:;adeiion (setisii Info), but the basal segment is narrower and the areolet generally incomplete. 1 possess this species from Cajjron's, I'iffard's and MarshalTs collections, the last taken at Botusfleming in Cornwall, and he also records it from L 2 148 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Hemiteies. Yorkshire ; and I have captured it at Aldeburgh, in July, on liouse-windows at Oreat Bradley and Felixstowe, in June, and once attracted to artificial light, in which its wings were scorched, at Sudbury, in 1900. Bignell has captured it at Bickleigh in Devon, in Se[)tember, and it is j^robably very common with us. On the Continent it is often found on house windows from June to August, as well as frequenting jjlants affected by Aphides and Syrphid larvae ; Taschenberg took eleven males on vine leaves in early August, and adds that the coloration of the legs is variable. It has been bred from Pieris brassicae and Limneria cocoons among the eggs of Epeira diademata (Brischke), Fumea iiitermediella and Sokfiobia iri(]ueirella (Bridg.-Fitch). Waterston took both sexes in St. Kilda, in June, 1905. 30. sordipes, Grav. Hemiteies sordipes, Gr. I. E. ii. 798; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 131 ; Thorns. O. E. X. 976; Schm. Term. Fiiz. 1897, p. 521, 9. Head with vertex broad and cheeks buccate ; frons very finely and densely punctate and pubescent ; mandibles not geniculate. Antennae very slender and nearly length of body, with scape excised and sub- globose. Mesonotum densely pubescent throughout, mesosternum not transverse ; metathoracic lateral costae wanting and the pleural nearly contiguous with the spiracles. Abdomen black, petiolate and as broad as thorax, with its anus sub-clavately compressed ; post-petiole sub-quadrate, slightly constricted basally, longer and twice broader than the petiole ; terebra as long as abdomen. Legs red, with coxae basally infuscate ; femora and tibiae somewhat infuscate above. Wings hyaline, with no trace of an areolet ; stigma piceous, radix and tegulae white ; nervellus antefurcal. Length, 4-5 mm. Gravenhorst says this species is very like H. similis, but with body a little more slender, the terebra longer and basal segment broader ; but Taschenberg considered it so closely related to H. pictipes in form, sculp- ture and, except of the legs, colour as to be little more than a variety of that species. Thomson, on the other hand, places this species with H. cyfiipinus in a section apart ; he says the flagellum is very thin indeed, the segments are smooth and margined with olive colouring, epipleurae not inflexed, epicnemia slender, and areolet hardly entire externally, emitting the parallel nervure nearly from its centre. I have quite failed to recognize this female, which occurs on the Con- tinent in Germany and Sweden. The only definite record I can find, though it has for long stood in the British list, is Bridgnlan's, from Aylsham in Norfolk, where it was bred from the galls of Cy/iips KoUari. 31. cynipinus, Thorns. Hemiteies cynipinus, Thorns. O. E. x. 977 ; Schm, Term. Fiiz. 1897, p. 524, i 9 . Black ; legs varied with red ; terebra shorter than the somewhat broad basal segment. Length, 3-4 mm. So similar to the last-described species as to render details superfluous ; therefrom it differs in having the antennae less slender and shorter than the body, the flagellum filiform and slightly attenuate basally, the second segment more strongly transverse, the second to the seventh becoming Nemiieks.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 149 gradually shorlt-r, fiiiL-ly and towards the apex more obsoletely punctate, the second to the fourth with tlie epifjleurae acutely inflexed. The ^ has the antennae rather shorter tiian the body, apically sub-attenuate, with the joints not discreted ; its mandibles and legs black, the latter with the anterior knees and tibiae testaceous, the hind ones at the apex and a dot near the base infuscate. Professor Thomson named specimens of this Swedish species (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1SS6, p. 339), taken in the vicinity of Norwich by Bridgman. 32. similis, G/nel. Ichneumon similis, Gmel. S. N. i. 2720, ? . Hemileh's similis, (Jr. I. E. ii. 793, excll. varr. I tV ? 2 ; Ratz Ichn. d. Forst. i. 150; Tascli. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 123, ? egs fulvous ; ^ with anterior coxae, except the intermediate ones above, and trochanters white ; hind coxae above, their tarsi and apices of their tibiae infuscate. Wings sub-hyaline, stigma and costae piceous ; radix and tegulae white ; areolet wanting ; nervellus antefurcal. Length, 4-5 mm. In conformation like //. si/ni/is, but the white mandibles and straightly truncate clypeus are very distinct. Thomson says this species may be known by the head being somewhat narrowed behind the eyes, the frons and mesonotum densely and very finely punctate and pubescent though not dull, the metathoracic lateral costae entire, petiolar area shining and not discreted, wings hyaline with antefurcal nervellus, antennae elongate and filiform and brown, clypeus deeply discreted and immarginate, with the apex in the ? nearly emarginate, and in ^ quite truncate, and by the quadrate, obsoletely and sparsely punctate second segment. Probably not uncommon, and occurring in the middle of May, through- out north and central Europe. Earlhani and Eaton, Norfolk, in May, August and September (Bridgman). 41. rufocinctus, Grav. Hemileks rufocinctus, Gr. I. E. ii. 81 1 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 127 ; Erisch. Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1881, p. 347, i ; Schni. Term. Fiiz. 1S97, p. 531, i 9 {uec Ratz. ). Var. Hemiinachus rufocinctus, Bridg. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1883, p. 158, 6 ?. $ . Head with palpi stramineous and clypeus not discreted. Antennae sub-filiform with the joints confluent, as long as body and sometimes basally ferrugineous beneath. Metathorax with two transverse but no lateral costae, slightly rugose centrally. Abdomen fusiform, as broad as thorax, black, third segment red or stramineous with a transverse black line before apex, the second concolorous apically and usually with two basal castaneous dots but sometimes entirely black, remainder occasionally red-margined ; post-petiole parallel-sided, hardly longer than broad and nearly as long as the explanate petiole ; second punctate. Legs pale red, with coxae, except usually apices of the anterior, black ; hind tarsi, apices of their tibiae, and their femora except basally, nigrescent. Wings some- what ample and clouded ; stigma piceous, radix and tegulae stramineous. Length, 3-5 mm. Gravenhorst mentions a var. with the scape, coxae and only margins of two basal segments, red. 9 . Head finely rugose, somewhat shining, black. Antennae as long as body, attenuate from centre, and basally red. Thorax finely rugose, somewhat shining, with mesonotum dull and notauli distinct; metathorax smooth, with two transverse costae ; petiolar area small and not discreted. Abdomen nitidulous, black, with third segment except discally red, and the fourth laterally paler, anal segments apically fiavous ; basal segment as long as terebra, sub-glabrous with obsolete carinae ; second segment finely and sparsely puncate, and aciculate basally. Legs slender, fulvous, with anterior coxae and trochanters whitish ; hind coxae black, with their tarsi, apices of their femora and tibiae, piceous. Wings hyaline, with stigma Hemikks.'] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. I57 testaceous and tegulae white ; areolet regular, with outer iiervure wanting ; nervellus antefurcal. Length, 5 nun. Bridgman's insect agrees well (.■nough with this sjK-eics in its rough metathorax and wanting areola, though it differs somewhat in the con- formation of the post-petiole and abdominal coloration. He says, how- ever, that it is the //. rufocincUis of neither (Iravenhorst, Taschcnherg, nor Brischke ; it was taken by Dr. Ca[)ron, probably at Shere in Surrey. Brischke tells us that he bred this insect from a species of the Tenthrcdinid genus Feniisa, in Prussia. Referring to Marshall's article on Ifemimachus ins/abilis, Forst. (Cat. 1872, p. 46), the above synonymy must be deleted, since it is now con- sidered that the present species is distinct from that of Ratzeburg, which is still supposed to be the c? of iiis/al>iiis, but, if it is, it is synon) iiuuis with the S assigned to it by Thomson as an undescribed insect. 42. varicornis, Grav. Heiniteles varicoi-nis, (]r. I. K. ii. S37 ; Tasch. Zeits. ties. Nat. 1S65, \i. 121 ; Schm. Term. Fuz. 1897, p. 532, 9. Head black, with the palpi and mandibles red ; clypeus discreted and sparsely punctate ; face pubescent with the epistoma prominent ; frons distinctly punctate and shining. Antennae short, filiform and apically incrassate ; infuscate, with the five ba.sal joints fulvous, and the ninth to eleventh white. Thorax black, mesonotum sparsely punctate and strongly nitidulous with the notauli obsolete ; metathorax very coarsely rugose with no distinct costae ; petiolar area not discreted. Abdomen glabrous, black, with the second and third segments bright red, the latter usually black apically ; basal segment aciculate with the post-petiole gradually explanate apically and spiracles not very prominent ; the second glabrous ; terebra one-sixth of the length of the abdomen. Legs testaceous ; the hind ones with the tarsi, apices of femora and of tibiae, with the base of the latter, infuscate or black. Wings somewhat narrow and evenly clouded ; the narrow stigma and the costa pale piceous, with base of the former dis- tinctly paler ; radix and tegulae pale stramineous ; marginal cell somewhat short, nervellus antefurcal. Length, 3 mm. The sculpture of the metathorax, as described by Taschenberg, resembles that of Pczomachus rather than Ifeiiiileles ; but I am inclined to suspect some error here, for in all the specimens I have examined, which coincide exactly in all other respects with this species, the areola is sufficiently distinct (sub-parallel-sided, truncate at base and apex, longer than broad and emitting the costulae slightly before its centre) and the apical trans- verse costa is distinctly strong, but with no apophyses. Ur. Capron captured several specimens in the vicinity of Shere in Surrey, from a study of which I have been enabled to elaborate the above description. On the Continent it appears to be only known in dermany, and has not yet been bred. I have taken females in July at the roots of rushes at ^Vherstead and in tufts of Corex pixniaiinla at l''o\hall, near Ipswich, late in November. \\'hen disturbed, even during hibernation, this species does not feign death, like the majority of the genus. ICvans has taken a ? at Bavelaw, near Edinburgh. 158 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Hemiteles. 43. dubius, Grav. Hemiteles dtilutis, Gr. I. E. ii. 836; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 122; Schm. Term. Ftiz. 1897, p. 532, ? . Head black. Antennae apically incrassate, with the five basal joints, or only the scape beneath, red. Metathorax very feebly rugose, with distinct areae. Abdomen glabrous, oblong-ovate with the fourth segment as broad as the thorax ; second segment except sometimes its apical margin, and often base of the third, red ; basal segment sub-linear, dorsally scabri- culous, gradually slightly dilated apically, nearly twice longer than broad, with no tubercles ; terebra one-third the length of the abdomen. Legs pale red ; hind ones with base of the coxae and sometimes apices of femora nigrescent, and the tibiae apically infuscate. Wings hyaline ; stigma and costa piceous ; radix and tegulae white. Length, 2| mm. In size and conformation, especially of the antennae, it exactly re- sembles H. fiilvipes, but the basal segment is narrower ; it is also like Phygadeuon fumator, but the areolet is incomplete and the terebra rather shorter (compare Phygadeuon rotundipeufiis, Thorn?,., p. 100, ante). Marshall brought this species forward as British in his 1870 Catalogue, but I know of no details of capture, and it does not appear to have been rediscovered on the Continent since its original record from Warmbrunn, in Silesia. 44. ridibundus, Grav. Hemiteles ridibundus, Gr. I. E. ii. 844; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 128; Schm. Term. Fuz. 1897, p. 539, ? . Head black with the mandibles sometimes centrally piceous ; clypeus discreted and apically straight ; epistoma slightly prominent. Antennae stout and filiform, rather longer than half the body, with joints conical, distinct and somewhat incrassate ; the fourth to sixth ferrugineous. Meta- thorax rugulose ; costae strong and areae complete ; apophyses sub-acute. Abdomen ovate, as broad as the thorax ; segments two to four and the apex of the first red or castaneous, with the margins of the following sometimes, whitish ; basal segment closely and confluently punctate, carinate and sub-tuberculate, gradually dilated apically, with the post- petiole transverse, shorter and thrice broader than the petiole ; terebra hardly longer than half the abdomen. Legs normal, red with all the coxae and trochanters black ; hind tarsi and apices of their tibiae, darker or nigrescent. Wings clouded with the tegulae infuscate, radix and base of stigma whitish ; areolet pentagonal with the outer nervure sub-obsolete. Length, 6 mm. This is probably not an uncommon species with us ; it occurs through- out central and southern Europe. Bignell has taken it at Shaugh bridge at the end of May, and at Laira early in June. I possess examples from both Capron's and Piffard's collections, from Surrey and Hertfordshire. 45. balteatus, Thorns. Hemiteles balteatus. Thorns. Ann. Soc. Fr. 1885, p. 28, cJ 9 . Black and slightly shining. Head as broad as thorax, hardly narrowed posteriorly, vertex somewhat broad and not declived ; frons flat, parallel- sided, densely and very finely alutaceous and slightly shining ; cheeks ffemi/eles.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 159 sub-buccate and not long; clypeus apically mutic, mandibles basally raised and tuberculate. Antennae longer than half the body, slender ; of 9 sub-fihform, black, with the flagellum basally testaceous, its basal joint linear and thrice longer than the sub-globose scape which, with the pedi- cellus, is dull testaceous ; of 6 black, apically sub-attenuate with the joints somewhat discreted. Thorax somewhat elongate ; mesonotum shining, densely and very finely alutaceous, with indistinct notauli ; meta- thorax sub-rugosely punctate with complete areola, emitting costulae before its centre. Abdomen of ? oblong, of $ strongly elongate, not very convex and apically sub-dilated ; segments two to four red and smooth, but not apically callose ; basal segment somewhat curved and broad, sub-rugose throughout, with no dorsal carinae ; tubercles only just behind the centre ; second segment obviously, third and fourth hardly, punctate ; terebra almost shorter than the basal segment. Legs slender, fulvous with the tarsal claws small and S coxae black. Wings griseous- hyaline, of $ with a small cloud before the incomplete and not large areolet ; tegulae and stigma black, latter basally pale and not broad, emitting the short and curved radial nervure a little beyond its centre ; nervellus hardly antefurcal. Length, 4 mm. This species is allied to H. floricolator, but differs in the apices of the segments not being callose, the basally tuberculate mandibles, the colour of the legs and the rugose petiole. Bridgman records (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 104) a female of this French species from the now demolished Heigham osier carr, near Norwich, in August. 46. imbecillus, Grav. HemiteUs imhedllm, Gr. I. E. ii. 813; Tasch. Zeits Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 121 ; Schm. Term. Fuz. 1897, p. 543, i \ Bridg. Entom. 1880, p. 55, 9 . A narrow and strongly elongate species. Head witli the mandibles and labrum badious ; clypeus discreted, apically straight and sub-reflexed. Antennae slender, filiform and rather shorter than the body. Thorax cylindrical ; metathorax elongate and irregularly rugose, with the areola elongate-hexagonal and the petiolar area discreted. Abdomen narrower than the thorax, with segments two to six parallel-sided ; basal segment sub- linear, post-petiole aciculate, twice longer than broad and a little broader than the elongate petiole ; segments two, three except sides and apex, and the base of the fourth, stramineous or fulvous ; terebra half the length of the abdomen. Legs slender ; the anterior ferrugineous with the coxae and trochanters basally black and the femora testaceous, infuscate to beyond their centre ; hind ones black, with apices of the trochanters and base of the tibiae ferrugineous. ^^'ings normal, hyaline ; stigma and costa piceous, radix and tegulae dull stramineous ; areolet pentagonal with the outer nervure obsolete. Length, 5 mm. Taschenberg says it has been bred from the galls of Rhodites eglanteriae^ Hart., and Bridgman raised both sexes from the cocoons of Apanteles ^lomeraius upon Pieris brassicae^ probably at Norwich. It is said to occur in May, and is common in Norfolk ; and Bignell has captured it at Dous- land in Devon, towards the end of August. On the (Continent, where Siebold has bred it from Fumca intennediella^ it is onl)' recorded fiom Germany. l6o BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. ' \Hemiteles. 47. persector, Piufitt. Hemiteks poscdor, I'ailili, i:.M.M. 1881, p. 184,9. A shining S[)ccies with no perceptible sculpture and dull nietathorax. Head transverse ; clypeus distinctly discreted, mandibles and palpi flavous ; cheeks elongate and not buccate ; face shortly pubescent with epistonia somewhat prominent ; facial orbits divergent, sub-ap[)roximating above. Antennae long and slender with joints not (juadrate ; flagellum seventeen-jointed with basal joint longer than second and about five times longer than broad ; three basal joints red. Thorax sub-pubescent with iiotauli indistinct ; metanotum short with areola transverse, laterally rounded, basally indexed and sub-obsoletely costate apically ; petiolar area oblique, discreted and centrally parallel -sided ; spiracles circular. Abdomen ovate with segments transverse, and very short from the fourth ; segments two to four red ; the basal elongate, narrow, apex double breadth of base, with spiracles just beyond centre ; post-petiole bicarinate and centrally sub -canaliculate ; terebra nearly two-thirds of abdomen. Legs somewhat slender ; red, basally paler and with the hind ones darker. Wings with areolet ])entagonal and wanting externally ; apex of discoidal cell further from base than that of areolet ; nervellus sub-op[)Osite and intercepted below centre. Length, 4-5 mm. Parfitt says " this insect has the facies of H. gyriiii, but that the basal half of the antennae is red, the thorax quite smooth without any lines or markings and the abdomen is broadly ovate, all of which distinguish it from the former insect." It does not appear to have been recognized here or upon the Continent, since it was originally recorded as bred from some pu})ae of Gyriniis 7iataiot\ collected by the Rev. J. Hellins, from rushes on the banks of the Exeter canal. It did not, however, emerge till later than H. gyrini (argentatiis^ Grav.), with which it appears to be associated. 48. tenuicornis, Grav. Hemiteles tenuicornis, Gr. I. E. ii. S43 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 123 ; Schm. Term. Fiiz. 1897, p. 532, (J ? . Head black with clypeus not distinctly discreted. Antennae slender, filiform, rather shorter than body, especially in $ . Metathorax rugose ; costae strong and apophyses sub-acute. xVbdomen of S fusiform, of ? ovate and sub-pilose ; segments two to six red or castaneous, of ? with the seventh and apex of the first concolorous ; basal segment irregularly aciculate, obsoletely carinate, slightly dilated apically, with no tubercles, of 6 sub-linear, of ? smooth and nearly thrice longer than broad ; terebra about half the length of abdomen, black with the spicula red. Legs slender, red or castaneous ; coxae and trochanters black ; posterior tibiae and tarsi with part of the femora infuscate. Wings normal, hyaline ; stigma, costa and tegulae infuscate ; radix whitish ; areolet pentagonal with the outer nervure sometimes obsolete; $ with a dark cloud beneath the stigma. Length, 5-7 mm. This species is said to occur in June and vSeptember. It was introduced as British by Marshall in 1870, but I have heard of no records. It should, Hemileies.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. l6l however, certainly be found with us, since it ranges throughout northern and central Europe. 49. oxyphimus, Grav. Hemiteles oxyphyinus, Gr. I. E. ii. S15, ,5 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 123; I5risch. Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 18S1, p. 347; .Scliin. Term. Fiiz. 1897, p. 538,(5 ?. H. /tf// i 9- Head with the centre of the mandibles badious and the clypeus discreted. Antennae slender, shorter than the body with the joints cylindrical. Thorax black ; metathorax finely alutaceous, of $> oblique ; areola longer than broad, with the costae not prominent and the petiolar area distinctly discreted. Abdomen ovate, as broad as thorax ; black, with three central segments and apex of the first red, laterally (and the fourth apically) infus- cate ; ? with segments five to seven apically whitish, $ with fifth broadly red longitudinally in the centre ; basal segment narrow and thrice longer than broad, very slightly dilated apically, aciculate, obsoletely bicarinate and canaliculate, with no tubercles ; second segment closely and finely punctate, of $ narrow and elongate, gradually explanate and usually laterally infuscate ; terebra rather longer than half abdomen. Legs slender, red ; hind tarsi and apices of their tibiae infuscate ; $ with trochanters and often coxae flavidous. Wings normal, slightly clouded with stigma and costa black, radix and tegulae stramineous. Length, 6 mm. Taken by sweeping in the Duryard estate, near Exeter, in August (Parfitt). It is only known on the Continent from Germany, where JBrischke bred it from Lipara lucens. [Laboulbene records H. liparae, Gir., as a parasite on Lipara iof?ientosa, in Annido stems. Ann. Soc. Fr. 1877, p. 401.] 55. stagnalis, Thorns. Hemiteles stagnalis. Thorns. O. E. x. 987, 9 . A slender, black species. Head sub-triangular and somewhat narrowed behind the eyes ; vertex broadish, clypeus produced, frons dull. Antennae nearly as long as the body, filiform, with the scape globose and sometimes red. Mesonotum somewhat dull, with elongate notauli ; metathorax sub- rugosely punctate with distinct costae ; areola emitting the costulae from Hemi/e/es.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 165 before its centre. Abdomen with segments two to four broadly red and nearly glabrous with the epipleurac inflexed ; post-petiole sub-linear, stout, centrally highly arcuate, strongly rugulose, with distinct carinae and nearly central spiracles ; tercbra shorter than the basal segment. Legs slender and red, hind ones a[)ically black ; tarsal claws somewhat stout. Wings griseous, stigma not broad, nervellus post-furcal. Length, 4 mm. Bridgman (Trans. Norf. Soc. 1893, p. 615) records this Swedish species from Britain ; he says he has bred it from a spider's nest and captured it at Brundall and the Heigham osier carr, both near Norwich. He seems, however, to rather protest against Professor Thomson's identification of his specimens : " This species I considered //. varitarsus, Grav., with which description it agrees exactly." One must, nevertheless, suppose that Thomson knew his own species. 56. aestivalis, Grav. Heiniteles aestivalis, Gr. I. E. ii. 805, excl. var. 5 ; cf. i. Suppl. 712 ; Ratz. Ichn. d. Forst. i. 152; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 129; Thorns. O. E. x. 988, {, 9. Var. H. modestus, Gr. I. E. ii. 858, 9 . Var. H. riijicollis, Gr. lib. cit. 853, 9 • (?) Var, H. palpator, var. 2, Gr. lib. cit. 820, 9- Head shortly triangular, black, of $ with the palpi and mandibles stramineous with apices of the latter ferrugineous ; frons alutaceous ; vertex narrow and declived ; clypeus deplanate, short and narrow, promi- nent and apically obliquely truncate ; mandibles stout and the cheeks elongate. Antennae inserted low on the face, filiform and shorter than the body ; post-annellus hardly half as long again as the sub-cylindrical and hardly excised scape ; $ with the flagellar joints not discreted and scape stramineous beneath ; $ with the flagellar joints short and conical and the scape ferrugineous beneath. Thorax strongly convex and an- teriorly elevated ; black, with $ propleurae more or less rufescent and the pronotum castaneous ; mesonotum finely punctulate ; metathorax very short, punctulate, with distinct costae and complete areae ; areola strongly transverse, hexagonal and longitudinally rugose ; petiolar area vertical, discreted and reaching far beyond the centre. Abdomen coarctate, oblong- ovate, black with the second and third segments more or less broadly red laterally and basally ; of $ deplanate and narrower than the thorax, its basal segment deplanate and coarsely punctate with the petiole narrow and not rimose, post-petiole quadrate and a little broader than the petiole, tubercles sub-obsolete and far behind the centre ; of $ as broad as the thorax with the basal segment gradually explanate apically, with the post- petiole quadrate and slightly shorter than the petiole ; anterior segments nitidulous, distinctly and evenly punctate ; terebra as long as the first segment. Legs stout and red, with the calcaria elongate ; of $ paler, with the anterior trochanters stramineous, hind coxae and a mark on the intermediate black and the apices of the hind tibiae sub-infuscate. Wings normal, clouded by a somewhat distinct fascia beneath the stigma, which latter is narrow, basally broadly white and emits the radial nervure from its third i)art ; radix white ; tegulae of ^ stramineous, of $ infuscate ; areolct pentagonal with the outer nervure sub-obsolete ; basal nervure vertical, discoidal cell short and nearly right-angled ; nervellus opposite. Length, 4-5 mm. l66 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Hemifeies. Gravenhorst gives five varieties of this species, (i) Both sexes with all the coxae black, sculpture of the metathorax and abdomen coarser and the petiolar tubercles more prominent ; this he took on Crataegus oxyacanthus in May. (2) With the extent of the red markings on the second and third segments variable ; female only, occurring in September. (3) Female with base of the hind coxae alone black, the third segment entirely fulvous and the four apical ones pale-margined. (4) Female with the second segment entirely red, basal segment sub-glabrous — he describes that of the type form as smooth — and the antennae basally immaculate. (5) Female with the two basal segments nearly wholly, and all the coxae, red, which he knew only from Hope's captures at Netley in Shropshire. Besides these, the var. viodestits has the cheeks yellow, the prothorax laterally, the clypeus and all the legs red, with the wings only slightly clouded discally ; and the var. ruficollis has the thorax red with a mark before the black scutellum and the disc of the metathorax black, the wings slightly clouded, and the two basal segments except the apex of the second testaceous-red, glabrous or indistinctly punctate. I possess both sexes of a yet more remarkable variety, which Thomson would probably have accorded specific rank, in that the nervellus is very distinctly antefurcal (proving, I think, that character to be of but little value) ; in other respects, both sexes differ from the type form in having the three basal segments entirely glabrous, with the hind tibiae fiavous and nigrescent at both base and apex ; the scutellum of the $ with two apical flavous dots, of 9 either black or with the sides and whole apex flavous. Mr. Bignell, too, has sent me for identification a female which undoubtedly belongs to this species, with the mesonotum anteriorly red ; it is perfectly normal in the conformation of the antennae, head, abdomen and legs ; but differs in having only the smallest traces of wings and the metathoracic costae sub- obsolete and much modified in outline, clearly indicating that the propodial development is in direct ratio with that of the wings. This species differs from H. stagnalis in having the discoidal cell with its lower angle acute or hardly right-angled, not obtuse, and in emitting the parallel nervure below its centre. It is rendered distinct by the strong and transverse areola, vertical petiolar area, convex thorax, punctate petiole, cylindrical scape and sub-opposite nervellus. Common in Norfolk (Bridgman) ; Huntingfield in Kent (Chitty) \ captured at Exminster and Shaugh bridge in June (Bignell) ; Yorkshire, Botusfleming in Cornwall, and Hertfordshire (Marshall) ; abundant at Glanvilles Wootton (Dale) ; Maldon in Essex (Fitch) ; Wyre Forest (Martineau). This is a very distinct and common species throughout England ; Shere, Felden, Greenings in Surrey, Redland near Bristol ; Benacre Broad, Finborough Park, Marlesford on Herackiim sphondyliu/n, in Suffolk ; Wicken Fen and Diss ; from early June to the end of August. Of my antefurcal variety, I have females taken by Capron probably at Shere in Surrey and a male captured by Elliott in the Bentley Woods near Ipswich, on i6th June, 1900. This species has been bred by both Ratzeburg and Giraud from Chtysopa perla, from an undetermined species of the same genus by Brischke, who also raised it hyperparasitically from a Microgaster. The var. viodeshis has been bred by Ratzeburg from Heliodines Roesel/a, Anobimii doi/iestiai/ii, Pissodes ?iotaii/s and Scolyius destructor^ in Germany. Hemiteks.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 167 57. hadrocerus, Thorns. Hemiteles hadrocerus, Thoms. O. E. x. 991 ; Schm. Term. Fiiz. 1897, p. 548, i 9 ; cf. Bridg. Trans. Norf. Soc. 1SS9, p. 64. A bright red species with black head, tricoloured antennae and fasciated wings. Frons finely alutaceous ; apex of clypeus with a small, sub-quadrate lamina. Antennae elongate and somewhat stout, with the scape sub- globose and excised, pedicellus not internally produced ; of $ tricoloured with a white central band. Thorax of $ testaceous, of $ black ; meso- notum finely alutaceous, dull and densely pubescent, with mesopleurae not striolate ; metathorax smooth and shining with the petiolar area not reaching the centre ; areola elongate, emitting the costulae from before its centre ; lateral costae distinct. Abdomen rufo-testaceous, of $ with the base and apex black ; second segment smooth, and the central epipleurae acute ; terebra a little longer than the narrow basal segment. Legs red, of $ partly black ; claws not stout. \\^ings broadly fasciated with the areolet sub- entire ; fenestrae confluent and not large ; discoidal cell apically longer than broad, its lower angle acute and emitting the parallel nervure below the centre ; nervellus intercepted and post-furcal. Length, 4-5 mm. Closely allied to H. viicator in its intercepted nervellus, etc., but distinguished therefrom by its simple pedicellus. The only British record of which I am aware is that of a female taken by Bridgman, at Earlham near Norwich, in July, 1889 ; he says it is the handsomest species of the genus. On the Continent it ranges from Sweden to Germany, but has not yet been bred. 58. minutus, Bridg. Hemiteles minutus, Bridg. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1S86, p. 340 ; Schm. Term. Fiiz. 1897, p. 545, ? • ? . Head transverse and finely reticulate ; vertex sparsely pubescent ; clyi)eus not distinctly reticulate, cheeks not buccate ; face transverse with inner orbits parallel. Antennae slender, nearly length of body and apically sub-incrassate ; basal flagellar joint four times longer than broad, the following gradually decreasing in length with the ninth quadrate. Thorax finely reticulate, half as long again as high ; metathorax with transverse costae not very distinct ; petiolar area discreted. Abdomen sparsely pubescent, with segments two and three pale castaneous and laterally infuscate ; basal segment twice-and-half the length of its apical breadth ; post-petiole longer than broad, double breadth of petiole, laterally sub- parallel, finely and distinctly aciculate, with spiracles not prominent and just behind centre ; second segment sub-elongate and finely aciculate, with following transverse ; terebra one fourth of abdomen. Legs slender, pale castaneous, with hind coxae basally piceous ; hind femora with apical half, base and apex of their tibiae and all the tarsi, infuscate. Wings with stigma and nervures piceous, radix flavidous, areolet pentagonal, nervelet wanting and nervellus sub-opposite and antefurcal. Length, 4 mm. Bridgman says the structure of the metathorax, which is so poorly described, and the sculpture of the abdomen are very distinctive. In coloration of the abdomen, antennal conformation and especially the striate second segment, it might be supposed to possibly constitute the opposite sex of //. dissimilis^ Grav., but the discreted petiolar area, more finely sculptured metathorax with less complete costae and the colour of the legs will at once distinguish it. Moreover, I have myself found the true male. $. This sex differs from the female in having the antennae as long as the body, with base of first flagellar joint red ; the metathorax sub- scabriculous, with areola not broader than long and apically truncate ; the second and third segments are broadly infuscate transversely before the apex as well as laterally ; petiolar spiracles sub-prominent, intermediate femora piceous and nervelet indicated. Length, 3^ mm. Bignell took the original female at Exeter on 23rd September, 1882. I captured the typical male at Brandon in Suffolk, in a sandy place at the roots of Senecio Jacolhiea, on June 8th, 1903, and possess another kindly sent to me by Mr. Iv A. Butler on Se[)tember ist, 1900, from Abinger Hammer in Surrey. It is unknown upon the Continent. 172 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Hemiteks. 65. validicornis, Thorns. Ilcinitclcs validicornis. Thorns. O. E. x. 995 ; Schm. Term. Fiiz. 1897, p. 550, 9 . Black. Frons shining and sub -glabrous, mandibles and palpi red. Antennae black, as long as the body ; of ? distinctly incrassate apically, with the basal half red ; of c? filiform throughout, and not incrassate ; pedicellus internally mutic. Mesonotum shining and nearly smooth ; metathorax nitidulous and sub-glabrous, with the costae strong and entire ; areola sub-circular, apophyses small. Abdomen glabrous and nitidulous, red with segments three to six, sides of the second and sometimes in ? , always in (?, first, black; anus pale; post-petiole aciculate and bicarinate, bordered throughout ; epipleurae of the second and third segments acutely inflexed ; terebra nearly as long as the first segment. Legs red, hind coxae of $ basally, and their tarsi, piceous. Wings with the lower angle of the discoidal cell not obtuse ; nervellus sub-opposite and intercepted below centre. Length, 4 mm. Thomson, who leaves one uncertain as to the alar development, though Schmiedeknecht places it among the macropterous species, says it differs from heinipterifs, Esenbecki and pedestris in the petiolar area reaching a little beyond the centre of the metanotum, the second segment with fine and scattered punctures and the front tibiae not inflated. A specimen, or specimens of this Swedish species, taken at Eaton in Norfolk, in September, was named by Professor Thomson (recorded in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 104), which Bridgman had considered to be H. vielanopygus^ Grav., nor could he afterwards detect wherein it differed from Gravenhorst's description. Schmiedeknecht relies upon the ab- dominal coloration. The male has not before been described ; both sexes are well represented in Capron's collection, probably from Shere in Surrey. 66. politus, Bridg. Hemiteks politus, Bridg. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1883, p. 146; Schm. Term. Fiiz. 1897, P- 551. ?• A shining species, covered with very scattered, erect, stiff hairs. Head transverse, laterally rounded and posteriorly declived ; face transverse with inner orbits slightly emarginate next antennae; epistoma sub-prominent; clypeus distinctly discreted and apically broadly rounded. Antennae filiform and shorter than body ; scape not longer than broad ; flagellum basally, and to the centre beneath, red. Thorax longer than high and narrower than abdomen ; mesonotum slightly wrinkled with faint notauli ; upper metathoracic areae distinct ; areola longer than broad, hexagonal ; apophyses prominent, petiolar area sub -discreted. Abdomen broadest centrally, black, with second and base of third segment red ; basal seg- ment gradually explanate throughout, sub-canaliculate and glabrous, with prominent spiracles, and the following segments transverse and glabrous; terebra straight, two-thirds length of abdomen. Legs slender, red ; base of coxae sometimes infuscate, apices of hind femora and base and apex of their tibiae nigrescent. Wings slightly infumate ; radix and base of the piceous stigma white ; areolet pentagonal with outer nervure wanting ; lower external angle of discoidal cell sub-acute ; nervellus insterstitial, slightly post-furcal. Length, 3|~4 mm. Hemiteles.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 1 73 Bridgman says this species is very like H. oxyphimns^ but the wings are not fasciated, the legs are more slender, the basal segment is narrower and not aciculate and the terebra is longer; it a[)pears to differ from H. validicornis in nothing but its slender antennae and longer terebra. Taken by Bignell at Exeter towards the end of September ; by Marshall at Sandwich, Milford Haven and Braemar ; by Canon Fowler ; and by Dr. Capron at Shere. It appears to be generally distributed and is probably not uncommon, though at present unrecognized on the Continent. OTACUSTES, Forster. Fiirst. Verb. pr. Rheinl. 1S6S, p. 174. Head transverse and not globose. Metathoracic spiracles large and oblong. Second discoidal cell entire ; areolet internally complete and regular, externally obsolete. Basal segment short and stout. Metathoracic costae entire and its basal sulcus deeply impressed. The conformation of the metathoracic spiracles certainly appears to entitle the following species to generic rank. I have no personal accjuaint- ance with this genus, which appears to be very doubtfully indigenous, but would suggest its possible relationshi[) with Plectocrypius grisescens, Grav., from which, however, it sufficiently differs in the elongate metanotum, sub-sessile abdomen and narrow stigma. I. breviventris, Grav. Hemiteles bre7'iz'efilrts, Gr. I. E. ii. 789 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 120 ; Sclim. Term. Fiiz. 1897, p. 501, i. Head black with the clypeus imperfectly discreted, apically reflexed, obtusely truncate and irregularly dentate. Antennae setiform, rufescent and somewhat shorter than the body. Thorax sub-cylindrical, black ; metathorax elongate, closely and not finely punctate, with complete areae and deep basal sulcus ; petiolar area oblique and discreted. Scutellum black. Abdomen nearly sessile, sub-sericeous, ovate, deplanate, as broad as the thorax, very closely and finely punctate, piceous ; basal segment feebly canaliculate and basally gradually contracted, longer than broad, with the spiracles prominent ; anal styles obtuse and hardly exserted. Legs normal, red ; coxae and trochanters black ; hind tarsi and a[)ices of their tibiae infuscate. Wings clouded, stigma narrow and, like the costa, black ; radix and tegulae whitish ; areolet pentagonal with the outer nervure barely indicated. Length, 6 mm. The abdomen is broader, with its basal segment shorter and broader, than in any species ol Hemiteles ; both Taschenberg and Schmiedeknecht thought it worthy of generic position, to which Forster had already raised it, though they merged it in the latter genus. Only a single authentic specimen, which was captured in Germany, appears to be known ; the British record rests upon its introduction by Marshall, with no details, in his 1870 and 1872 catalogues. 174 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Cecidonomies. CECIDONOMUS, Bridgman. Bridg. Entoni. 1880, p. 264; >x/. (5). 8. Clypeus apically margined ; inter- stices alutaceous 3. KlESENWETTERl, Forst. (4). 9. Abdomen closely and uniformly punctate 4. ZONATUS, /s»j-/. (3). 10. P'iflh flagellar joint longer than broad. (12). II. Abdomen distinctly punctate ; cen- tral segments callose 5. VULPINUS, Gra7>. (if). 12. Abdomen obsolclely punctate ; cen- tral segments normal 6. COSTATUS, /►V/V/i,'-. N 2 i8o BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \Pezomachus. (2). 13. (0- 14. (62). 15. (29). (22). 16. 17. (19.) 18. (18). 19. (21). 20. (20). (17). (26). (25)- (24). 21. 22. 23- 24. 25. (23). 26. (28). 27. (27). 28. (16). 29. (57). 3°. (48). 31- (39). (34). 32. 33. (33). 34- (36). 35. (35). 36. (38). 37. (37). 38. (32). (47). (44). 39. 40. 41. (43). 42. (42). 43- (41). 44. (46). 45- (45). 46. Fifth flagellar joint shorter than broad 7- RUKIPKS, /vVr.?/. Basal flagellar joint not shorter than tlie .second. Two basal flagellar jomts of equal length. Fifth flagellar joint quadrate. Abdomen closely punctate through- out. Metathoracic costa centrally ob- solete 8. CAVTVS,Forsr Metathoracic costa strong through- out. Red ; thorax short 9- aemulus, Fors/. Black; thorax of normal length ... 10. VULNKRAN.S, /'7/rj-/'. Abdomen diffusely punctate. Metathorax longitudinally excavate. Prothorax and central segments red 1 1. CANALICULATUS, Fors/. Prothorax and central segments black 12. PILOSUS, Capron. Metathorax not longitudinally ex- cavate. Genal costa inflexed ; post-petiole longer than broad 13. acarorum, Limi. Genal costa continuous ; post- petiole sub-transverse 14. MANDIBULARIS, Thorns. Fifth flagellar joint longer than broad. Fifth flagellar joint less than twice longer than broad. Abdomen densely punctate and pubescent throughout. Thorax comparatively short. Metanotum shorter than mesotho- rax ; antennae elongate 15. festinans, Grmi. Metanotum and mesothorax of equal length. Segments strongly transverse, second and third very short 16. HiERACll, .5r/V/jf. Segments not strongly transverse, central normal. Petiolar area oblique ; post-petiole longer than broad 17. NIGRITUS, Forsi. Petiolar area sub -vertical ; post- petiole transverse 18. SPINULUS, Thorns. Thorax not comparatively short. Thorax of normal length. Metanotum shorter than meso- thorax. Meso- double length of meta-notum ; petiolar area large 19. tener, Forst. Meso- slightly longer than meta- notum ; petiolar area normal ... 20. MICRURUS, Forst. Metanotum and mesothorax of equal length. Mesonotum deeply impressed ; basal segment elongate 21. formicarius. Fab. Mesonotum not impressed ; basal segment broad 22. Mulleri, /v);-.y/. PezomachusJ\ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. l8l (40). (30- 47- 48. (54)- 49- (51)- (50). (53). (52). (49). (56). (55). (30). (61). (60). (59). (58). (15)- (66). (65). (64). (63). (102). (85). (70). (69). (84). (75). (74). (73)- (72). {77). (76). (79)- (78). (83). (82). 50. 5'- 52. 53- 54- 55- 56. 57. 58. 59- 60. 61. 63. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 7i- 72. 73- 74- 75- 76. 77- 78. 79- 80. 8i. Tliorax clonj^ale 23 Abdomen not densely punctate and pubescent throughout. Abdomen basally closely, apically more ditTuscly, punctate. Petiolar area basally truncate 24 Petiolar area basally curvate. Post-petiole normal ; petiolar area sub-\ertical 25. I'ost-petiole broad ; petiolar area oblique 26. Abdomen diftusely punctate and pubescent throughout. Vertex emarginate ; meta- and meso-thorax of equal length 27. Vertex entire ; meta- much shorter than meso-notum 28. P'ifth flagellar joint fully twice longer than broad. Abdomen closely punctate and pubescent throughout ; thorax elongate. Thorax centrally constricted ; metanotum gibbous 29. Thorax not constricted ; metanotum (^o. narrower than mesothorax \56. Abdomen diffusely punctate and pubescent; thorax normal 31. Basal flagellar joint longer than second. Fifth flagellar joint quadrate. Abdomen closely punctate ; post- petiole apically broad 32. Abdomen diffusely punctate ; post- petiole apically narrow 33. Fifth flagellar joint longer than broad. Fifth flagellar joint less than twice longer than broad. Abdomen closely punctate and pubescent throughout. Thorax short 34. Thorax not short. Thorax of normal length. Meso- and meta-notum of equal length ; petiolar area sub-vertical. Scutcllum distinct ; post-petiole laterally divergent 35. Scutellum wanting ; post-petiole paral lel-sided 36. Meta- longer than meso-notum. Metathorax narrow and laterally compressed ^7. Metathorax normal. Mesonotum transverse 38. Mesonotum not transverse. Petiolar area short and sub-vertical. Antennae and first segment short ; post-petiole very broad 39. v.\(;ani ii'()KMI.>, /in'i/^ 24. DI.STINXTU.S, Forst. ANA LIS, Fbrst. ATTENTUS, Forst. TON.SU.S, For si. PUiMlLUS, Forst. GONATOPINUS, T/lOlllS. ANTHRACINUS, Forst. INTERMEDIUS, Fbrst. VAGANS, Oliv. FRAUOULEXTUS, Forst. IMPOTEN.S, Fbrst. TIMIDUS, Fbrst. RICOLOR, Grav. OCHRACEU.S, Fbrst. MODEST US, Fbrst. AOILIS, Grav. PULICARIUS, Fah. l82 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \^Fezomachus. (8 1). 82. (80). 8,S. (71). 84. (68). 85. (87). 86. (86). 87. (89). 88. (88). 89. (90- 90. (90). 91. (97). 92. (94). 93- (93). 94- (96). 9';. (9S). 96. (92). 97. (99). 98. (98). 99- (lOl). 100. (100). lOI. (67). 102. (104). 103. (103). 104. (106). 105. (los). 106. (108). 107. (107). 108. Antennae and abdomen normal ... 40. tristis, Forst. Petiolar area normal and oblique... 41. CARNIKEX, Fbrst. Thorax elon^^ate 42. NiGRlCORNis, Forst. Abdomen not closely punctate and pubescent throughout. Abdomen basally closely, apically diffusely, punctate 43. CORRUPTOR, Forst. Abdomen diffusely punctate and pubescent throughout. Head not broader than thorax 44. GRACILIS, Forst. Head broader than thorax. Thorax very short and head very broad 45. BREVis, Bridg. Thorax and head normal. Abdomen strongly alutaceous, punc- tures very distinct. Basal segment with tubercles cen- tral and very prominent 46. Steveni, Grav. Basal segment with tubercles be- yond centre and sub-obsolete. Antennae and thorax elongate 47. instabilis, Forst. Antennae and thorax short 48. FoRSTERl, Bridg. Abdomen not strongly alutaceous nor distinctly punctate. Mesonotum triangular ; petiolar area basally contracted 49. CURSITANS, Grav. Mesonotum normal ; petiolar area not contracted. Petiolar area vertical ; meta- and meso-notum equally long 50. DETRITUS, Forst. Petiolar area oblique ; meta- shorter than meso-notum 51. pedicularius, Fab. Fifth flagellar joint twice longer than broad. Abdomen closely punctate and pu- bescent 52. COMES, Forst. Abdomen diffusely punctate and pubescent. Meta- and meso-notum of equal length ; third segment fasciated 53. fasciatus, Falh Meta- longer than meso-notum. Petiolar tubercles prominent ; ster- num red 54. palpator, Grav. Petiolar tubercles obsolete ; ster- num black 55. GEOCllh.K^S, Forst. ^ A Guide to the Males. Apterous. Abdomen broadly pale centrally. Abdomen closely punctate. Coxae infuscate. Basal segment broad and explanate 34. FUSCULUS, Forst. Basal segment sub-linear and narrow 39. lustrator, Forst. Coxae red. Hind femora apically black 40. violentus, /^^>J'/. Legs entirely red. Mesonotum red. Metanotum piceous 36. frocursorius, Forst Metanotum red 43. dysalotus, Forst. Pezomachus.\ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 183 Mesonotum black. I'ost-peliole paiallel-sidcd ... 41. .SUHTILIS, Forst. Tost-petiolc cxplanatc yj. AGELETES, Fbrst. Abdomen ditriisely punctate. Mesonotum red. Hind femora piceous 13. KWDM?,, Forst. Hind femora red 27. TONSUS. Mesonotum black. Metathoracic costa normal 49. elaphrus, Forst. Metathoracic costa centrally de- j)lanate 58. INDAGATOR, Forst. Abdomen not broadly pale centrally. Metathoracic costa wanting; body linear. Tarsi piceous 16. 1,1 NEAR is, Forst. Tarsi red 29. GONATOPINUS. Metathoracic costa distinct ; body fusiform. Abdomen glabrous 18. SPINULUS. Abdomen sparsely punctate 28. PUMILUS. Abdomen closely punctate. Petiole and legs stout 20. MICRURUS. Petiole and legs slender 56. ANGUINUS, /^brj/. Brachypterous. Abdomen entirely black 15. OCISSIMUS, /^t^'rj/. Abdomen centrally pale. Antennae red 38. AGILIS. Antennae black 54. palpator. Macropterous. Abdomen not broadly pale centrally. Nervellus obsolete 30. anthracinus. Nervellus post-furcal 42. PICEUS, Bridg. Nervellus opposite 25. ANALIS. Nervellus antefurcal. Stigma broad. Second segment black 3. KlESENWETTERl. Second segment pale-marked 17. NIGRITUS. Stigma not broad. Antennae slender ; areola distinct 47. RUFOCINCTUS, Ratz. Antennae stout ; areola indistinct. Abdomen rugosely punctate ... 7. MELANOPHORUS, Forst. Abdomen evenly punctate i. SYLVlCOLA. Abdomen broadly pale centrally. Nervellus opposite. Stigma broad 49. VARIABILIS, Ratz. Stigma not broad. Pronotum and petiole black. Mesonotum foveate 31. vaGANS. Mesonotum entire 53. LUTEIVENTRIS, Grav. Pronotum and petiole testaceous. Second segment elongate 14. mandibularis. Secondsegment of normallength 41. annulicornis, Bridg. Nervellus antefurcal. Wings short ; basal nervure sub- vertical 2. AQUISGRANENSIS. Wings normal ; basal nervure oblique. Prothorax red. Areola entire 4. ZONATU.S. Areola laterally wanting 8. RUFIPES, Bridi^. (ncc Forst.). 1 84 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Fezomachus. Prnthorax l)lack. Hind tibiae mainly black 39. PUMCARIUS. Hind tibiae red. Hind coxae red. Wings distinctly bifasciatcd 51. rKDICULARIUS. Winj^s not bifasciated. Notauli wanting 22. CONFUSUS, Bridg. Notauli distinct. Notauli reaching scu- tellum 21. OVATUS, Bridg. Notauli only reaching centre 57. hyponomeutae, Bridg. Hind coxae black. P^nestra broadly discreted 52. COME.S. Fenestra not broadly dis- creted. Notauli wanting 54. palpator. Notauli not entirely wanting. Areola distinct 33. IMPOTENS. Areola not distinct. Second segment dis- cally black 39. PULICARIUS. Second segment en- tirely red 5. VULPINUS. I. sylvicola, Forsf. Pezomadiits sylvicola, Forst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p, 134, ?; Thorns. O. E. x. 1000, iec Grav.). P. hortensis, Gr. I. E. ii. 907 (part), excl. 9 ; r/ i. Suppl. 717, (J. P. xylochophilus, Forst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 169, 9. P- avidus, Forst. lib. cit. 1851, p. 33, 6- Cheeks buccate, with the sulcus indistinct and costa inflexed ; man- dibles tuberculate basally ; clypeus broadly truncate-marginate at apex. Antennae short and stout ; basal flagellar joint hardly longer than the Pezomachus?^ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. I95 second ; fifth only slightly longer than broad. Mesonotum transverse and decidedly shorter than metathorax, about as long as metanotuni ; petiolar area only slightly oblique, its basal costa weak, often wanting centrally, with apophyses small ; acetabula occupying nearly whole of mesosternum. Abdomen moderately punctured and pubescent to the apex, not dull ; spiracles on the basal segment more or less projecting, on the second not far from its margins ; terebra as long as, or slightly shorter than, the basal segment. Legs stout, with the front tibiae inflated ; front coxae produced nearly to the base of the intermediate. Head black, with the palpi dull flavous. Antennae with the four or five basal joints red, thence piceous. Thorax and abdomen red, latter with the apical half from the fifth or fourth segment suddenly black. Legs pale red, with the posterior femora and tibiae apically black. $. Apterous. Flagellum with basal joint longer than second; fifth nearly twice longer than broad. Meso- and meta-thorax of about equal length, latter with its transverse costa distinct at the sides only. Scutellum more or less distinctly developed. Abdomen somewhat diffusely punctate and pubescent ; basal segment with prominent spiracles, the petiole very little explanate, the post-petiole a little broader and with sub- parallel sides. Head black, with the palpi flavous and mandibles apically piceous. Antennae with the three basal joints clear red, the rest gradually darker to the piceous apex. Thorax pale red, with the metapleurae darker. Abdo- men with the three basal segments pale red and the remainder black ; the first and third sometimes infuscate. Legs red ; hind femora mostly and their tibiae apically piceous. Wings usually entirely wanting, though sometimes fully developed. Length, \\-2\ lines. The $ is very like that of P. agi/is but differs in having the acetabula scarcely covering more than half the mesosternum, and the three basal segments more or less red. The $ differs from P. corrnptor in the shorter terebra, transverse metanotum, dark anus and legs. I have considered all the British mentions of P. xylochophilus as referring to this species ; " P. acararum, Fab.," is only recorded by Dale, as abundant at Glanvilles Wootton ; P. acarorum, Grav., is now considered distinct and does not appear to be British. Bridgman professes to have first recorded the typical form of P. hortensis from Britain, on Professor Thomson's authority (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 341), having taken a single male at Brundall, though he does not tell us wherein it differs from that given as synonymous with Ilemimachus avidus in Marshall's 1872 Catalogue and, indeed, it was distinctly (though not very reliably) given as British by Desvignes in 1S56. P. avidus^ Forst., is recorded from Heigham osier carr, near Norwich, by Bridgman, as a species distinct from P. /lorfensis, (Irav. (Trans. Norf. Soc. 1893, J). 617) ; Marshall took several males on the banks of a reedy pond in Leicestershire, of which one, most positively identical, was winged (Fnt. Ann. 1874, p. 127); ICIliott has determined a female taken in the Carlisle district by Day, early in October, 1899; lUitler has an example, somewhat doubtfully named hortensis by Ikidgman, taken at Battle in Sussex. It has been bred from Microgaster cocoons by Brischke and from Psyche Cofisfance//a, Perris, by (Jirand. P. xylochophi/us was recorded as British by Bignell (Entom. 1882, p. 45), obtained by beating whitethorn at Exminster early in September, O 2 ig6 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \Pezomachus. 1881 ; taken by Bridgman by sweeping in the Brundall marshes near Norwich, and recorded l)y him (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1882, p. 148) from Rainham in Essex, and subsequently from Horning Ferry in Norfolk. Beaumont has taken it at Appledore in Kent in mid-September, and Capron at Shere in Surrey. Piffard had found l)oth sexes at l''elden in Herts. ; VV. Ellis the female at Knowle and I'^gginton, near liirnu'ngham ; and Yerbury at Waterville in Ireland, in July. It has invariably occurred to me by sweeping aquatic plants in April, June, July, September and October at Ipswich, Bramford and Dennington, in Suffolk ; and in Ran- worth Broad, in Norfolk ; the male I have only taken at Barton Mills, near Brandon. 14. mandibularis, Thorns. Pezoiiiachtis }iia7idihiilarjs. Thorns. O. E. x. 1009, i 9 ■ ? . Frons alutaceous, dull ; lower face broad ; genal costa continuous ; sulcus deep ; cheeks smooth, sub-compressed ; clypeus raised in front, apex rounded ; mandibles scarcely tuberculate at base ; vertex broad, narrowed behind the eyes, deeply and almost angularly emarginate. An- tennae slender ; first joint of flagellum about as long as second, and half as long again as the scape. Mesonotum elongate ; petiolar area well defined, smooth, its basal costa present ; scutellum indicated ; acetabula occupy nearly tlie whole of the mesosternum. Abdomen with moderate pubescence, which is more diffuse towards the apex ; petiole long but not broad ; post-petiole sub-transverse ; spiracles rather prominent ; terebra as long as first segment. Femora rather slender. Head black, mandibles yellow. Thorax rufo-testaceous. Abdomen testaceous, black-banded, or with the apex fuscous. Legs testaceous. $ . Winged. Mesosternum saccate ; epicnemia slender ; petiolar area distinct. Parallel nervure emitted above middle of brachial cell ; nervellus opposite ; radius emitted from centre of stigma, which is not broad. Segment two of abdomen long. Black. Pronotum testaceous ; segments one to three yellow. Legs testaceous. Length, 3-4 mm. Closely allied to P. carnifex, but differs in the female by the longer mesonotum, more slender antennae and femora, more prominent spiracles, shorter post-petiole, black head, flavous mandibles, and in the colour of the abdomen. In the male it differs in the parallel nervure being emitted above the middle of the cell, and in the testaceous pronotum. A single male of this species, taken in September by Bridgman, in the neighbourhood of Norwich, was named by Professor Thomson (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 341). 15. festinans, Gi-av. Pezomachus festinans, Gr. I. E. ii. 926, excl. synon. ; Fdrst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 121, 9. P. poslhnmus, Fbrst. lib. cit. p. 138, 9. P. ocissintus, Forst. lib. cit. 1851, p. 36, i . 9 . Head somewhat nitidulous. Antennae two-thirds the length of the body, with the basal joint of flagellum as long as the second ; the fifth somewhat longer than broad. Metathorax short, with the petiolar area oblique, only slightly impressed and not costate basally. Scutellum very Pezomachus?^ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. I97 distinct, though small. Abdomen only moderately elosely punctate and pubescent ; basal segment not tuberculate, basally narrow but strongly explanate beyond the centre ; terebra scarcely half the length of the basal segment. Head, thorax and abdomen uniformly black or black-brown. Antennae piceous, with the apex of the pedicellus and base of flagellum flavous. Legs nigro-fuscous ; trochanters, apices of femora, base of tibiae and the tarsi more or less, pure flavous. The tibiae become gradually darker from the centre to the apex ; the apical tarsal joint and the claws are also darker. Length, ii--2 mm. $ . Brachypterous. Head black, with the pali)i and base of mandibles red. Antennae piceous, with the first flagellar joint basally red and hardly longer than the second ; fifth half as long again as broad. Thorax entirely black ; meta- shorter than the meso-thorax ; petiolar area oblique, with no basal costa. Scutellum distinct. Abdomen somewhat closely punctate and pubescent, black ; basal segment with very prominent spiracles ; petiole slightly, post-petiole more strongly explanate, parallel- sided and apically broad. Legs piceous ; trochanters, apices of anterior femora, front tibiae and all the tarsi, fulvous. Both pairs of wings puncti- form and white. Length, 2 mm. This female appears to differ from P. quaesitorius, Forst., in the absence of a basal costa in the petiolar area and its shorter metathorax ; and from P. ineptus, Forst., in the presence of the scutellum, broad post-petiole and dark legs. Probably very common with us, though overlooked on account of its small size. Found among coarse herbage in Dorsetshire (Pickard-Cam- bridge, Entom. 1881, p. 137). Piffard has taken several at Felden in Herts. ; Evans one at Glenfarg in Perthshire, in September ; and Capron a long series at Shere in Surrey. It has occurred to me at roots of Senecio jacobaea in sandy places at Brandon, and in crag-pits at l^'oxhall in June ; at the roots of Oiwpordon acanthium in a marsh at ^Vherstead in early ALay, and running on the warm shore-sands at Felixstowe and Bawdsey in mid August. Chiity has found it at Huntingfield and Doddington, in Kent, Tubney, Sharsted, Buddon ^Vood, and Lees. P. ocissimiis has not before been noticed in Britain ; I took it beneath herbage on the sandy beach at Southwold in Suffolk, in July, 1900; and consider Nees quite correct in regarding it as the male of the present species. The form posthumus appears to be nothing but of slightly less full development, with no distinct scutellum, the abdomen diff'usely punctate and pubescent, the whole insect presenting the exact facies of P.festifians, though uniformly brunneous with the basal segment lighter. I have, moreover, taken it in company with the type form on the sandy ground about Brandon beneath Senecio jacobaea in June; Piffard has found it at Felden near Boxmoor, and Bridgman records it from Mousehold near Norwich. Evans has sent it to me from the Island of St. Kilda. 16. hieracii, Bridg. Pezomachus hieracii, Bridg. Trans. l".nl. Soc. 1883, p. 162, 9 . (?) P. /iiuaris, Forst. Wiegm. Arch. 185 1, p. 45, i . 9 . Head transverse and somewhat contracted behind the eyes. An- tennae normal ; two basal flagellar joints of about equal length and about igS BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. {^Pezomachus. three times longer than broad ; fifth a little longer than broad. Meso- and meta-thorax of about equal length and both very short ; petiolar area deplanate and oblique, its basal costa wanting. Abdominal pubescence dense and uniform throughout ; basal segment apically broad with its spiracles not projecting ; the remaining segments transverse, with the second and third much shorter than is usual in this genus, and scarcely as deep as the apex of the basal ; terebra a little longer than the first segment. Black, with the third antennal joint basally pale and the first abdominal segment apically piceous. Legs lighter or darker piceous, with all the trochanters pale ; apex of anterior femora, the front tibiae and tarsi rufescenl ; base of the intermediate tibiae, centre and apex of the hind tibiae and the hind tarsi, also reddish ; apical tarsal joints infuscate. Length, 2f-3| mm. ?(?. Head black, palpi piceous and mandibles darker. Antennae piceous, with the apex of the scape and extreme base of flagellum testa- ceous ; latter with the basal joint a little longer than the second, fifth nearly three times longer than broad. Thorax elongate, narrow and black : petiolar area very short with no basal costa. Scutellum distinct and dis- creted. Abdomen elongate-linear, densely punctate, black ; basal segment short, basally broad, tul^ercles obsolete, apex very broad. Legs piceous with apex of trochanters, extreme base of all the femora and apex of the anterior more or less testaceous, as also are the base of the hind, and as far as the centre of intermediate, tibiae ; tarsi entirely piceous. Apterous. Length, 2-3 mm. I venture to tentatively associate these two species as sexes of the same, on account of the similarity of the dense abdominal pubescence, broad basal segment which has obsolete tubercles, the absence of the transverse metathoracic costa, black abdomen and piceous legs ; though the brevity of the $ thorax hardly coincides with the length of the male's. Bridgman tells us that the female is closely allied to P. tener. He adds that the smaller female was taken at Burford Bridge in September, 1881 ; and the larger bred from the galls of Aulax hieracii in Britain. The male is only recorded from Hastings (Vict. Hist. Sussex). 17. nigritus, Forst. Pezomachtis nigritus, Forst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 128 ; Voll. Pinac. pi, xii. fig. 3, ? ; Thorns. O. E. x. 1005, i ? . ? . Head twice broader than thorax, with the genal sulcus deeply impressed and the cheeks not longer than the basal width of the man- dibles ; vertex high and deeply but not broadly emarginate ; clypeus apically truncate ; mandibles not basally tuberculate, and labrum free. Antennae stout and filiform ; two basal flagellar joints of equal length ; the fifth longer than broad. Mesonotum as long as the meta, which is sub-glabrous and nitidulous ; petiolar area of variable length, with its basal costa wanting and surface oblique ; acetabula occupying whole of meso- sternum. Scutellum distinctly indicated. i\bdomen closely and finely punctate and pubescent, dull ; basal segment short and deplanate with no Pezoviachus?^ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. I99 tubercles ; post-petiole broad and transverse ; second segment with cpi- pleurae narrow and spiracles small, far from the margin ; terebra as long as the basal segment. Head black, with the palpi piceoiis ; mandibles red and apically piceous. Antennae black or piceous, with apex of scape and extreme base of flagellum fulvous. Thorax normally l)lack, rarely castaneous or dull testaceous. Abdomen black, with the basal segment often more or less testaceous. Legs piceous, with the coxae and trochanters black and the femora, tibiae and tarsi more or less flavous- marked. (J. Winged. Vertex not narrow ; antennae elongate and sub-setaceous ; mesonotum convex and short ; mesosternum saccate ; epicnemia slender. A\'ings sub-hyaline with the stigma broad and basally white ; nervellus strongly antefurcal. Abdomen not punctate, smooth and shining, and diffusely pubescent ; post-petiole cjuadrate. Petiolar area nitidulous and as long as the metanotum. Black, with the second segment entirely pale or only at base and apex. Length, 3-4 mm. Forster says the female is very like P. festinans, but may be distinguished by the more slender antennae and longer metathorax. Bridgman writes (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 155), " Mr. Billups has taken at Deal, in August, a small black Pezoinachus, which I believe to be this species." Subsequently (Trans. Norf. Soc. 1893, p. 616) he records it from Earlham, Eaton and Brundall, near Norwich ; and Bignell (Entom. 1882, p. 45) says it has been bred at Liverpool parasitically from the galls of Aulax hieracii on Hieracium umbellatum. It appears to be restricted to sandy places, since I have only found it on the sandy cliffs at Gorton and Southwold in August, and in sandy places about Brandon, in Suffolk, in early June. 18. spinulus. Thorns. Pezomachus spiiiula, Thorns. Opusc. Ent. .\. p. 1006, S 9 . Head much broader than thorax ; cheeks not longer than width of mandibles ; genal sulcus deep ; vertex deeply emarginate ; clypeus trun- cate at apex ; mandibles not tuberculate at base, narrow at apex ; eyes large. Antennae filiform ; first and second joints of flagellum equal in length ; fifth longer than wide. Meso- and meta-thorax equal in length ; no trace of scutellum ; metathorax glabrous ; petiolar area nearly vertical, its basal costa indicated by two very small dentiform projections. Abdomen closely and finely punctured and pubescent ; first segment moderately broad ; spiracles not projecting ; terebra almost shorter than first segment. Black ; apex of scape and base of flagellum, and legs more or less, pale- marked. Length, 4 mm. The 9 differs from P. tiii^ri/us in the absence of the scutellum, the vertical petiolar area with small spines at its base, narrower petiole, longer terebra and darker legs. Male apterous. Differs from that of P. nigritus in its more robust form, darker legs and in the absence of wings. This species was brought forward as British by Bridgman on the strength of a single male so named by Professor Thomson (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 341), which was taken in the neighbourhood of Norwich. 200 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \Pezomachus. 19. tener, Forst. Pezomachus agilis, var. 5e, Grav. I. E. ii. S99. P. leiier, Forst. Wicgm. Arch. 1850, p. 1 20, 9 . Antennae almost as long as the whole body ; first joint of flagellum about as long as second ; fifth slightly longer than wide. Metathorax very short, appearing scarcely half as long as the mesothorax ; the petiolar area very large, broad and almost quadrate, its basal costa entirely wanting. Abdomen somewhat closely punctured and pubescent ; first segment not tuberculate ; terebra shorter than first segment. Head, thorax and abdomen uniform coffee-brown ; antennae brown, with the apex of pedicellus and extreme base of first joint of flagellum yellow. Legs brownish ; trochanters, extreme apex of femora, extreme base of tibiae and all the tarsal joints rufo-testaceous. The sheaths of the terebra are yellowish. Length, ij mm. The formation of the thorax and the colour of the legs are said to be sufficient to distinguish this species. Not uncommon about Norwich (Bridgman) ; Exminster, early in July (Bignell) ; Maldon in Essex (Fitch) ; Battle, in Sussex (Vict. Hist.) ; Dorsetshire (Entom. 1881, p. 137). 20. micrurus, Forst. Pezomachus viicrtirus, Forst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 187, ? ; Thorns. O. E. x. 1007, (5 ? , 9 . Cheeks short, with their sulci deeply impressed ; vertex deeply emarginate ; clypeus apically truncate ; mandibles apically narrow and basally not tuberculate. Antennae with basal flagellar joint imperceptibly longer than the second and the fifth very slightly longer than broad. Metathorax shorter than the meso, with the petiolar area oblique, its basal costa forming a high, broad arch ; apophyses small and acute ; acetabula occupying the whole mesosternum. Abdomen densely and finely punctate and pubescent ; basal segment with no projecting tubercles, petiole curved and broad, post-petiole very broad and strongly transverse ; second and third segments with spiracles far from the lateral margins ; terebra less than half the length of the basal segment. Legs stout, the hind ones curved and elongate. Head black ; antennae dark piceous, with the scape and base of flagellum red. Pro- and meso-thorax fulvous, with the sides of the latter and whole metathorax black, the colour being sharply defined. Abdomen black, with the two basal segments entirely, and the apical margins of the remainder, red. Legs testaceous or red, with the apical tarsal joint piceous. $ . Apterous. Petiolar area distinct ; abdoinen fusiform with the petiole stout, curved and the tubercles in the apical third. Legs stout. Black, with the legs and base of antennae flavous. Length, 3-4 mm. A specimen of this species was swept in the neighbourhood of Exeter, in the middle of July, 1866, by Parfitt ; and another, from Dorsetshire, by Pickard-Cambridge (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 156 et Entom. 1881, p. 137). Bred in South Devon from the egg-bag of a spider, Ocyale (Fisaura) mirabilis, on the i6th and iSth July, 1S83 and 1893 (Bignell). Battle in PezomachusA BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 201 Sussex (Vict. Hist.). I took a single s[)eciiiicn of tiie female among decay- ing reeds at Oulton Broad, in Suffolk, at the end of July, 1904; and possess others from Chobham in July (ex coll. Marshall), and a long series from Shere in Surrey (ex coll. Capron). Chitty has found it at Oxford in October. 21. formicarius. Fab. lihiu-iiiiion foniiitciriiis, Fah. S. I. ji. 441. Crypfits foniiicariiis. Fab. Piuz. 92. Ptzo mat /ills formicarius, Cr. I. E. ii. 915 ; Fcirst. Wiejjm. Arch. 1850, p. II9; Voll. I'inac. pi. xii. tig. 9; Brisch. Schr. Nat. Ges Danz. 18S1, p. 350, 9; Thorns. O. E. X. 1004, i 9. Var. P. Ra/zelmrgi, P'iirst. Wiegni. Arcli. 1850, p. 119, 9. Hcmi- iiiachus ovatiis, Bridg. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1883, p 158, S- $ . Head dull, closely an,d finely alutaceous, with somewhat scattered punctures and short grey pilosity ; clypeus more coarsely punctate with lateral foveae and a small apical tooth in the centre ; genal sulcus distinct. .Antennae with the scape distinctly punctate ; basal flagellar joint scarcely longer than the second ; the fifth rather longer than broad. Thorax finely alutaceous, closely punctate and dull ; mesonotum very short, its basal part bounded in a semicircle by a narrow transverse prominence between the meso- and meta-thorax, and bearing a longitudinal impression ; meta- notum very short with the petiolar area very large, nearly vertical and apically rugose, with no basal costa ; apophyses obsolete and epicnemia broad. Scutellum indicated by a narrow, transverse prominence. Abdo- men finely and densely punctate and pubescent ; petiole very slightly broader at apex than at base, with obsolete spiracles ; post-petiole very much broader than apex of petiole and parallel-sided ; e[)ipleurae broad ; terebra exactly as long as the basal segment, curved and somewhat broad. Head deep black, with palpi and mandibles piceous and the face often rufescent. Antennae red from base to about the centre and thence darker to the piceous apex. Thorax red with sometimes the mesonotum and usually the metapleurae piceous. Abdomen with the ba.sal .segment and rarely the remainder red ; usually with the second black, with a somewhat broad translucent red apical margin ; the rest black and apically rufescent. Legs rufo-testaceous ; the apical tarsal joint brownish at the apex. $ . Finely and densely reticulate, opaque. Head narrow behind eyes ; face slightly protuberant, sub-quadrate, a little longer than wide, sides parallel ; cheeks not buccate. Antennae sub setaceous, about as long as the insect ; first and second joints of the flagellum sub-equal, about four times as long as wide. Thorax rather longer than high ; mesothorax distinctly trilobed, the depressions reaching to the scutellum ; metathorax sub-rugulose, short, without areae, its transverse costa present but feeble. Abdomen with first segment short ; petiole scarcely longer than {)ost- petiole, which is sub-quadrate, rather more than twice as wide as the petiole ; spiracles very prominent. Abdomen oblong-ovate, rather wider than the thorax, about as long as head and thorax ; second and remaining segments transverse, apex of .second and third widest. Legs slender. ^Vings slightly clouded ; stigma fuscous and broad ; areolet very small and imperfect ; basal nervure oblique ; with trace of nervelet ; nervellus divided about one-third from the bottom. Black ; mouth, base of antennae and legs red ; first segment red, base and sides of the petiole dark brown, a fuscous stain across middle of post- 202 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Pezomachus. petiole ; second segment red, with a faint fuscous stain across the middle ; third red, with a brown irregular mark across the segment, nearly obliterating the red ; stigma and nervures fuscous ; base of wings pale. Length, 3-^-4^ mm. This $ appears to differ from H. rufipes (P. cautus, c? j in the longer face, the more distinctly trilobed mesothorax, shorter first segment, and wider post-petiole, which, in the latter species, is only one-third wider than the petiole. The antennae of this species are distinctly incrassate towards their apices. Forster described his P. formicarius from a specimen with the antennae wanting and nietathorax mutilated. The variety Ratzeburgi appears to differ in the closer puncturation of the head," deeper metathoracic impres- sion, and the prominence of petiolar spiracles. Professor Thomson named specimens of P. formicarius^ Grav., taken by Bridgman in the neighbourhood of Norwich (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886,' p. 341) ; and there is one male in the latter's collection there. Ratzeburgi is recorded from the Hastings district (Vict. Hist. Sussex). This is probably an uncommon species in Britain, since I possess but single females from Shere in Surrey (Capron) ; Blean Woods in Kent (Chitty) ; Felden in Herts. (Piffard) ; and Buddon Wood (Willoughby Ellis). I swept a male in the Bentley Woods, near Ipswich, on 20th April, 1895. Bridgman took his H. ovatus at Brundall, near Norwich, in the middle of September, 1881. 22. Miilleri, Forst. Pezomachus Muelleri, Furst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 159, ?. P. incertus, Forst. lib. cit. p. 160, 9 . [(?) Heviimachus confusus, Bridg. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1883, p. 159, i .] $ . Basal flagellar joint slightly longer than the second ; fifth rather longer than broad. Meso- and meta-thorax of equal length ; petiolar area slightly oblique, its basal costa sharply defined and distinct throughout. Abdomen closely punctate and pubescent, scarcely more diffusely towards the apex ; basal segment gradually and evenly contracted throughout, with the apex not broad, its spiracles not prominent ; terebra about as long as the basal segment. Head dark castaneous ; antennae dark red, with the apex piceous, and the base of the first flagellar joint pale. Thorax red, with its sides and often the metanotum and petiolar area piceous. Abdomen piceous, with the basal segment flavous ; the second entirely translucent red, as also are the apical margins of the remainder ; sheaths of the terebra flavescent. Legs pale red, with the tibiae centrally paler ; the femora and the apical tarsal joint infuscate. Length, 2| mm. [?(?. Whole insect opaque and finely reticulate. Head buccate be- hind the eyes, a little wider than the thorax. Antennae pilose ; three- fourths of the length of the insect ; joints of flagellum shorter than usual ; first more than three times as long as wide ; second and third sub-equal, shorter than the first ; remainder decreasing in length, but none exactly transverse. Thorax about as long as high ; mesothorax not trilobed ; metathorax short, sloping almost from base to apex ; rough ; no trace of areola ; petiolar area defined at sides only. Abdomen elongate-ovate, covered with dense pubescence ; first segment elongate, tapering from Fezomachus.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 203 base to apex ; spiiacles more or less distinct ; post-jjetiole one-half longer than wide ; second segment nearly as long as the width at its apex ; remainder transverse ; third widest. Areolet imperfect ; transverse anal nervure divided one-third from the bottom. Black ; apex of first segment, base and apex of second, and base of third, reddish ; greater part of front legs, all the tibiae and tarsi, reddish ; stigma fuscous. Length, 3'5--4 mm. This male is allied to Pezomachus instabilis, from which it materially differs in the entire absence of an areola, and in the dense al)dominal pubescence. It i)robably constitutes the unknown $ of P. Miilleri ; at all events, it appears expedient to here treat it as such. Specimens in Dr. Capron's collection from Surrey very closely resemble Hemiteles mono- zoniiis. Gray. Four males from a collection belonging to Mr. Marshall.] The coloration of the $ legs is subject to considerable variation. This species is far less common than F. intermedins, with which it is doubtless much mixed in collections, and of which it will very jjossibly prove to be but a small form, though more elongate and with no trace of a scutellum. In introducing this female into our fauna, Bridgman says (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 156) that it had been taken during 1880 at Weybridge, Leatherhead and Rainham ; and he himself subsequently found it at Mousehold, near Norwich ; Bignell has cai)tured a single specimen at Bickleigh in Devon, early in September (Entom. 1882, p. 45). I have no doubt that F. incertus is identical, differing slightly in the development of the transverse metathoracic costa ; it is said (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 156) to be not uncommon in Britain and recorded from about Norwich ; several were taken at Headley Lane in 1880 and beaten from whitethorn hedges at Exeter early in September. I have only found it in the Bentley Woods, near Ipswich, in March, April and October, usually, with F. intermedins on Finns sylvestris, though occasionally by sweeping low plants at dusk. 23. vagantiformis, Bridg. Pezomacltus vagantifonnis, Bridg., Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1SS6, p. 342, ?. Head somewhat narrow behind the eyes. Antennae with basal flagellar joint scarcely longer than second and four times as long as wide ; fifth is one-and-a-half times longer than wide. Thorax somewhat elongate, twice as long as high ; the meta- longer and higher than the meso-notum, and both rounded ; no trace of a scutellum ; transverse metathoracic costa present. Abdomen rather narrow, sub-cylindrical, not wider than the head ; pubescence dense and scarcely more scattered at the apex ; punc- tuation unusually strong ; first segment rather narrow, about two-and-a- half times as wide at the apex as at the base ; spiracles not very distinct, from these to the apex the sides straight and gradually widened ; between the spiracles about twice the width of the base ; remaining segments transverse ; terebra rather longer than the first segment. Head black. Antennae brown, the apex darker ; second joint and base of third reddish. Fro- and meso-thorax brownish red, metathorax reddish brown, paler in the middle of the back. Abdomen black-brown ; first segment and all margins of second red. Legs red ; apex of posterior 204 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. {^Pezomachits. femora, apex and before base of posterior tibiae with a brownish tinge. Length, 4 mm. Very like P. vagatis in general appearance ; and apparently closely allied to P. vulneratis. Taken by Dr. Capron in the neighbourhood of Shere, in 1884 ; and subsequently by Bignell at Plympton, towards the end of September. The type of this species, taken in Surrey, is in my collection, and I have seen another specimen taken by Chitty at Doddington in Kent, 31st October, 1904. 24. distinctus, Fdrst. Pezoniachus distinclus, Furst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 155, ?. Flagellum with the two basal joints of equal length ; the fifth some- what longer than broad. Meso- and meta-thorax of equal length with the petiolar area distinct, its basal costa truncate and centrally depressed ; apophyses strong. Abdomen densely punctate and pubescent on the three basal segments, more diffusely towards the anus ; first segment with no prominent spiracles ; petiole slightly, post-petiole more strongly explanate, but not very broad apically ; terebra as long as the basal segment. Head black, with the palpi flavous and mandibles black. Antennae piceous, with the three or four basal joints red. Thorax entirely clear red. Abdomen black, with the first segment entirely and the base and sides of the second red ; terebra with the sheaths testaceous, apically piceous. Legs either entirely red-yellow with only the last tarsal joint darker, or with some, or all, of the tibiae infuscate at base and apex. Length, 3 mm. Bridgman introduced this species as British (Trans. Ent. See. 1881, p. 155) on the strength of a specimen taken at Mickleham, in October, 1880 (E.M.M. 1 88 1, p. 261), and adds that the legs are coloured as in the form last described above. He subsequently found it at Household near Norwich ; and Bignell has captured it at Bickleigh and Exeter early in September. I possess a single specimen found by Rev. T. A. Marshall at Cornworthy. 25. analis, Forst. Pezoinachits analis, Fiirst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 170, 9 ; Thoms. O. E. loio, i ? ; cf. Bridg. Trans. Enl. Soc. 1882, p. 148 ( >iec lib. cit. 1883, p. 161). $ . Frons alutaceous, dull ; lower face broad ; cheeks smooth ; genal costa almost continuous, sulcus deep ; mandibles scarcely tuberculate at base ; clypeus raised in front, its apex rounded ; vertex broad and deeply emarginate. Antennae rather short ; first joint of flagellum about equal to second and scarcely one and-a-half times as long as the scape ; fifth longer than wide. Meso- about as long as the meta-thorax ; scutellum indicated ; petiolar area almost vertical, its basal costa sharply defined. Abdomen densely pubescent on the first three segments, more diffusely towards the apex ; first segment moderately broad, its spiracles not pro- jecting ; terebra about as long as the first segment. Head black. Antennae and thorax red. Abdomen red, with apex of the fourth segment and whole of the following piceous or black. Legs entirely red, last tarsal joint faintly brown. Pezomachus:\ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 205 $. Winged. Mesosternum saccate ; epicncmia slender ; petiolar area distinct, its basal costa present. U'ings with stigma large hut not hroad, radius emitted from its middle ; parallel nervure from centre of brachial cell ; nervellus opposite. Black, with red coxae and legs. Length, 3-4 mm. The female differs from P. ma7tdi/>uhiris in having the antennae and their postannellus shorter, petiole broader, legs slender and central abdo- minal segments black ; the male in having the pronotum and abdomen entirely black. This species may be distinguished from P. incuhitor in its more vertical petiolar area, stronger basal costa, diffuse pul)escence of the apical segments, and in having the fourth always more or less piceous or black. Bridgman, introducing it as new to Britain, says (Trans, luit. Soc. 1882, p. 148) that this is not an uncommon species in the neighbourhood of Norwich ; Bignell has captured it at Bickleigh and Exeter, in August and September ; I.uff in the Isle of Herm, and Fitch at Maldon in Essex. Both sexes have been bred from Zygaena filipendiilae (Entom. 1883, p. 65). 26. attentus, Fot-st. Pezoniachns bicolor, var 3, i\x. I. E. ii. 903. P. attentus, Fcirst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 163, 9. P. traiisfiiga, Fiirst. loc. cit. p. 193, 9. P. lepidiis, Fi3rst. lib. cit. p. 220, 9 . Antennae with tlie basal flagellar joint scarcely longer than the second ; the fifth longer than broad. Meso- and meta-notum of equal length ; petiolar area oblique, with its basal costa distinct throughout, forming a central high and not wide curve. Scutellum wanting. Abdomen closely punctate and pubescent, sometimes more diffusely towards the apex ; basal segment very slightly explanate to the not prominent spiracles and thence more strongly to the somewhat broad apex ; terebra as long as, or slightly longer than, the basal segment. Head black ; antennae red, with the scape piceous, and sometimes the apices infuscate. Thorax red, sometimes with the metapleurae piceous. Abdomen with the two basal segments red, the first sometimes with its sides infuscate, the second occasionally with a nigrescent transverse band ; the remainder black, with their apical margins more or less indeterminately red ; sheaths of terebra piceous. Legs red, with the apical tarsal joint infuscate. Length, 2^-3! mm. I have no hesitation in synonymizing the form transfuga with the present species, from which Fbrster separated it on account of the apically not more diffuse abdominal i)uncturation, which, as in some forms of P. carui/ex, has been shown to be an inconstant character. From J\ bicolor, the present species may be known by its longer terebra, and the coloration of the abdominal segments, of which the second is usually immaculate red. /'. lepidus is certainly only a form of P. atlcntiis with the metathoracic costa centrally contracted and the third segment red. 'J'his si)ecies is somewhat poorly figured in " Knowledge," v. p. 288. Common in Norfolk and bred from the nests of A\::;cleiia lahyrinlhica by Marshall (Bridgman); bred in Devonshire from spiders' nests taken out of furze bushes, probably those of A. lahyrinthica (Bignell) ; I-and's l'2nd district (Martjuand) ; occurs in Essex and at Battle in Sussex (Vict. Hist.) ; 206 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Pezomachi/s. Wymondley in Herts. (Butler). Pickard- Cambridge took both forms, among coarse herbage in Dorsetshire, while searching for spiders (Entom. 1881, p. 137). I have only once met with it, on a sunflower leaf in the garden of Monks' Soham House, Suffolk, early in September ; Marshall has given it me from Nunton in Wilts. ; Piffard several of both forms from Felden in Herts. ; and Evans has sent it from Aberlady and Thorntonloch in East Lothian, captured in March and August. Brandon, Suffolk, by sweeping in a marsh, May, 1906. 27. tonsus, Forst. Pezoinachiis tonsils, Forst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 208, 9 ; Thorns. O. E. x. 1017, i ?. $ $ . Cheeks long and full ; sulcus indistinct ; costa inflexed ; man- dibles tuberculate at base ; vertex broad ; clypeus truncate at apex. An- tennae short and stout ; first joint of flagellum scarcely longer than second ; fifth slightly longer than wide. Mesonotum transverse, as long as the metanotum ; petiolar area slightly oblique ; its basal costa moderately strong above, very prominent at sides. Abdomen finely alu- taceous, diffusely punctured and pubescent, almost glabrous ; first segment rather narrow at apex, its spiracles not projecting ; terebra as long as, or longer than first segment. Legs stout ; anterior tibiae inflated ; anterior coxae much produced backwards. Head black or black-brown ; palpi yellowish ; mandibles dark red. Antennae red to middle, thence darker brownish. Thorax rufo-testaceous, with sides and petiolar area brownish. Abdomen black ; segments one to two red. Legs rufo-testaceous. Length, 3-4 mm. Male apterous. In both sexes very like P. acaroriim, but smaller ; vertex broader ; cheeks longer ; abdomen more shining, almost glabrous, and, in female, the terebra longer. Mousehold near Norwich, females bred from cocoons of Apanfeles con- gesti/s, which were probably parasitic on Flusia gamma (Bridgman). 28. pumilus, Forst. Pezomachus puiuilus, Ftirst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 131, 9; Thorns. O. E. x. 1006, lack with the antennae red. Abdomen with the apex of the post-petiole, and sometimes also tlie second and base of the third segments, red. Legs red with the posterior femora and apex of their tibiae black. Length, 3 mm. There can, I think, be no doubt that F. spurius is nothing but a small and weakly developed form of this species, since it has the stout flagellum, short antennae, transverse mesonotum, oblique petiolar area, centrally obsolete and laterally strong basal costa, and the coloration of the type form, from which it differs only in its smaller size and more diffusely pubescent abdomen. ■Professor Thomson confirmed this species as British in 1886 (Trans. Ent. Soc. p. 341), on the strength of a single male, taken by Bridgman in Norfolk. Bignell has found it at Exeter early in September. It is said to be abundant at Glanvilles Wootton by Dale, who records it from Harris in the Outer Hebrides (E.M.M. 1883, p. 237), and common in Guernsey, by Luff. Beaumont has captured the male at Harting and females at Oxshott, Boxhill, and Appledore. It has been bred by Ratzeburg from a Coleopliora on beech ; by Brischke through Microgaster glomeratus from Fieris hrassicae and, Kirchner says, Fsyche calvella : according to Wasmann it is also an inquiline in the nests of Lasius fuUginosus. It does not appear to be very common with us ; I possess examples from Felden in flerts. (Fiffard), Birch Wood and Leicester (Marshall), and Shere in Surrey (Ca|)ron). Chitty has found it in Kent at the Blean Woods, Charing, Huntingficld, Doddington ; and at Bradfield, near Reading, in September and April. 39. pulicarius, Fab. Ichneumon piiliiarius. Fab. E. S. ii. 191. rczoinaditis ptdicarius, Gr. I. E. ii. 917 ; Ffirst Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 144 9 ; Bridg. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1889, p. 41S, {, . (?) P. iiislrator ci P. secretiis, Furst. Wiegm. Arch. 1851, pp. 38^/ 59. $ . Head finely alutaceous, moderately closely but not very distinctly punctured, and with very short pubescence ; vertex rather strongly convex. Antennae short, not more than half the length of the insect ; first flagellar joint distinctly longer than second ; fifth longer than broad ; the eighth quadrate. Mesothorax shorter and less convex than the metathorax ; scutellum distinctly indicated ; petiolar area low and short, much shorter than the metanotum ; its basal costa present but weak, and only distinct at the sides, though a trace may be seen above in a very good light. Ab- domen with moderately close pubescence; first segment relatively short,' strongly expanded towards the apex ; spiracles not projecting ; terebra shorter than first segment. 2l8 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. {Pezomachus. Head black ; mandibles and palpi red. Antennae dark, dull red-brown. Thorax and legs red ; femora black. Abdomen with first segment red, the rest black, sixth and seventh sometimes with a fine pale yellow posterior margin. $ . Sub-opaque, finely granulate ; head rather stout, slightly contracted behind the eyes, rather wider than the thorax. Antennae as long as the body ; first joint of the flagellum about four times as long as wide, longer than the second. Clypeus somewhat distinctly separated from the face, rounded at the apex ; space between the eyes and mandibles about equal to the width of the base of the latter ; face transverse, rather prominent in the middle. Thorax longer than high ; notauli faintly impressed in front; scutellum somewhat gibbose, suture at the base finely consute ; meta- thorax a little longer than wide, with only a faintly defined areola, which is about as broad as long ; the metanotum separated from the petiolar area by an angulated ridge. Abdomen elongate-ovate ; first segment rather narrow, without projecting spiracles, only about one-fourth narrower at the base than at the apex, sides more parallel and the base wider than usual ; second segment about as long as wide ; remainder transverse ; apex of third widest and as wide as the thorax. Legs slender. Wings with a pentagonal areolet ; its outer nervure absent ; cubital nervure with one, and recurrent nervure with two, clear spots ; stigma triangular, about one- third longer than wide ; radial cell rather short, outer nervure slightly curved, exterior inferior angle of discoidal cell rectangular ; transverse anal nervure antefurcal, distinctly divided one-third below the centre. Black ; apex of first segment and base of third narrowly yellowish red, the second yellowish red, with a large black central blotch, leaving only a narrow pale border all round the segment. Legs black ; base of front tibiae and joints of tarsi piceous ; middle and hind legs, apex of tro- chanters, base of tibiae, and base of joints of tarsi piceous. Tegulae and nervures blackish brown. Stigma black, white at its base. Wings slightly fuscous, with a white patch just below the stigma. Length, 4|-6 mm. I am certainly of the opinion that P. lustrator is an apterous dimorphic form of this male, and quite possibly P. secretus is the same ; both have been recorded from Britain, though I have not met with them, and no localities are forthcoming. Both sexes bred by Mr. B. A. Bower from British Coleophora vibicella (Bridg. loc. cit.). 40. tristis, Forst. Pezomachiis Iris/is, Forst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 153, 9. P- violentus, Forst. ///'. cit. 1 85 1, p. 59, i . ? . Flagellum with the basal joint slightly longer than the second ; the fifth longer than broad. Meta- rather longer than the meso-thorax ; petiolar area nearly vertical, its basal costa weak, though slightly stronger laterally. Abdomen moderately closely punctate and pubescent ; basal segment gradually explanate throughout, with the sides straight and the spiracles not or only slightly prominent ; terebra a little shorter than the basal 'segment. Head piceous ; antennae fulvous, slightly darker only towards the apex. Prothorax dark red ; meso- and meta-thorax piceous, dorsally rufescent. Pezomachus.\ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 219 Abdomen piceous with the basal segment apically, and the three following laterally, translucent red ; terebra with its spicula Havous and sheaths ferrugineous. Legs flavous, with the a[)ical tarsal joint only slightly infuscate. $. Head not contracted behind the eyes, black; clypcus discreted, rufescent ; palpi dull flavidous ; mandibles testaceous, apically piceous. Antennae piceous with the three basal joints clear fulvous, and the fourth basally pale ; first and second flagellar joints sub-equal in length ; the fifth about twice longer than broad. Metathorax somewhat elongate ; petiolar area short and nearly vertical, its basal costa and apoi)hyses dis- tinct ; colour of thorax variable, from testaceous with the notum and pleurae darker to dark brown-red with the notum red ; meso- always lighter than the meta-thorax. Scutellum distinctly discreted. Abdomen with normal puncturation and pubescence ; basal segment varies in colour from pale to dark testaceous, post-petiole sub-quadrate, spiracles more j)rominent in the darker examples ; fourth segment either entirely rufo- testaceous or brown-red with paler sides and apex ; remainder dark ferrugineous or black, the third sometimes laterally paler. Legs clear tes- taceous ; hind femora and tibiae more or less infuscate. Wings entirely wanting. Length, 4-6 mm. Bred from Chelonia villica, hyperparasitic through Apanteks rujicoxis, Marshall, 3rd July, 1890. A hundred and seventy-seven larvae of the Apanteles emerged from the single caterpillar of C. villica^ from which developed sixty-four male and one female Hemiteles fulvipes, together with six males and two females of P. tristis (cf. Bignell, Trans. Devon. Assoc. 1898, p. 474). 41. carnifex, Forst. Pezoiiiachtts larin/ex, Forst. \Viey;iii. Arch. 1S50, p. 148 (supra), 9- P. mfii/ns, Forst. ///'. C7t. p. 148 (infra), 9 ; 'I'lioms. O. E x. 1009, 6 9- P- liitesccns, Forst. Wiegm. Arch. 1 850, p. 161 ; P. helvoliis, p. 165 ; P. einaniJiis, p. 166 ; P. siilulits, p. 167 ; P. juvenilis, p. 16S ; P. debilis, p. 168 ; P. uiiicolor, p. 177 ; P. veniislus, p. iSi ; P. consobriittis, p. 181 ; P. livLius, p. 182 ; P. languidus, p. 183 ; P. ciirieiis, p. I S3, 9. P- siibtilis, Forst. lib. cit. 185 1, p. 33, i. Hcniiinachus aiinulicornis, Bridg. Trans. Ent. Soc. 1883, p. 160, . 199, 9 ; Thorns. O. F. x. 1015, i 9. 9 . Head narrowed behind the eyes ; genal sulcus narrow but distinct, genal costa strongly inflexed ; clypeus rounded at apex ; mandibles tuber- culate at base. Antennae somewhat slender ; first joint of flagellum longer than second, fifth slightly longer than wide. Mesonotum transverse, yet longer than metanotum ; [jctiolar area rather obli(iue, its basal costa form- ing a high curve, but not very prominent at the sides ; acetabula scarcely extending beyond middle of mesosternum. Abdomen sub-glabrous, finely alutaceous and diffusely pubescent ; first segment without projecting spiracles, gradually widened from base to apex, second and third rugulose, sub-opaque ; terebra as long as first segment. Legs rather stout. Head black ; palpi brown ; mandibles red. Antennae red at base, brown at apex ; the apex of fourth joint brownish, and this colour in- creases so that the thirteenth is entirely brown. Pro- and mesothorax 232 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Fezomachus. red, the latter black at the sides ; metalhorax black, with two red spots at base. Abdomen with segments one and two entirely, three partly, red, the rest black. Legs red. (?. Winged. Antennae attenuate towards apex. Wings sub-hyaline, with two indistinct fuscous bands ; stigma broad, radius emitted behind its middle ; ncrvellus antefurcal ; parallel nervure emitted below middle. Abdomen dilated behind, first segment sub-linear, post-petiole one-and-a- half times as long as wide, second sub rugulose. Black ; base of antennae, segments two and three of abdomen, and the legs pale red. Length, 4-6 mm. Distinguished from F. cursilaiis in the female by the transverse meso- notum, shorter mesosternum, stouter antennae and legs, and by the red mesothorax ; in the male by the colour. This species has, I believe, been taken by Sladen at Dover. My record of it (E.M.M., 1900, p. 43) is an error and must be referred to F. vagatia, with which it appears to be much mixed in Britain. 52. comes, Forst. Pezomachtis horteitsis, var. 3, Gr. I. E. ii. 909, 9 . P. comes, Forst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 163, 9 ; Thoms. O. E. x. loio, 6 9- P- vuiuiis, Forst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 180, 9. Head with the frons alutaceous and dull ; face broad below, with the cheeks smooth, their costa almost continuous and sulcus deeply impressed ; clypeus apically elevated and rounded ; mandibles scarcely tuberculate basally. Antennae with the basal flagellar joint slightly longer than the second and half as long again as the scape, the fifth twice longer than broad. Meso- and meta-thorax of about equal length, the latter smooth and shining ; petiolar area distinct and oblique, with its basal costa sharp and centrally angulated ; acetabula occupying nearly the whole meso- sternum. Scutellum not indicated. Abdomen somewhat closely punctate and pubescent to the apex ; basal segment somewhat long and narrow, with no projecting spiracles ; terebra as long as, or slightly shorter than, the basal segment. Head black ; antennae red and hardly darker towards their apices. Thorax entirely red. Abdomen with the two basal segments entirely, third and fourth more or less, red, the second sometimes discally infuscate ; remainder black with red or flavescent apical margins ; terebra dull red, apically piceous. Legs testaceous with the apical tarsal joint hardly darker. cj. Winged. Black, with segments two and three red with a small black discal spot. Legs flavous with the coxae black. Wings ample and hyaline ; stigma broad, black with the base white ; radius emitted from beyond its centre ; nervellus antefurcal ; fenestrae small and broadly dis- creted. Length, 3^ mm. This species bears a superficial resemblance to F. corrupior, var. fai/nus, but the petiolar area is decidedly more oblique and the abdominal punc- turation close to the anus. From F. analis it differs in the broader abdomen, denser pubescence, and shorter terebra. The male is also Pezotnachus.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 233 similar to that of P. ana/is, though the hyah'ne wings arc longer, the stigma broader, the legs yellow with black coxae, and the central segments differently coloured. It is certainly synonymous with P. viduus^ which differs only in having the metathoracic costa centrally weaker and the antennae darker. This is not a very common species with us. Bridgman took three females at Norwich ; it is recorded from Essex in the Victoria History ; and Elliott has seen an example which was taken by Routledge at Hayton, near Carlisle, early in April, 1900. Tomlin has found it in the Isle of Mull, in August ; Chitty, one at Faversham in May ; and there is a long series from Surrey in Capron's collection. It has only occurred to me in August and September, by sweeping low herbage at dusk and beating holly in the Bentley Woods, once in company with P. corriiptor ; I have also swept it in the Blean Woods in Kent, and at Hursthill, in the New Forest. It has been recorded as doubtfully bred from Gyrimis naiator (cf. p. 160, ante). 53. fasciatus, Fab. Mutilla melanocephala, Schr. En. 416, n. 841, ? (?). lihncumon fasciatus, P'.ab. E. S. ii. 191 ; Panz. F. I.G. Ixxix. 14. Fezoiiiachus fasciatus, ^x. I. E. ii. 889; Zett. I. L. 372 ; Fiirst. Wiegm. Arch. 1S50, p. 217 ; Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. ser. 2. v. 209 ; \'oll. I'inac pi. xii. fig. 7, ? ; Thorns. O. E. x. 1013, $ $. Heniiniachits fasciatus, Ratz. Ichn. d. Forst. iii. 157 ; cf. iii. 149, $ ?. Hentiteles luieiveiitris, (Jr. I. E. ii. 812 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 133 ; Schm. Term. Fiiz. 1897, pp. 125 ct 543, $ . 9 . Head with the genal costa inflexed and its sulcus deeply im- pressed ; clypeus apically roimded. Antennae elongate and slender, with the basal flagellar joint longer than the second, and the fifth fully twice longer than broad. Mesonotum longer than broad and as long as the metanotum, often centrally canaliculate ; petiolar area punctate and dull, slightly shorter than the notum, its basal costa well defined, especially laterally ; acetabula scarcely reaching beyond the centre of the meso- sternum. Scutellum tuberculiform. Abdomen sub-glabrous, nitidulous, indistinctly reticulate, diffusely punctate and pubescent ; basal segment elongate with the post-petiole longer than broad, with the spiracles more or less distinct ; terebra about as long as the basal segment. I-egs some- what slender, the front tibiae scarcely inflated. Head black, with the palpi piceous. Antennae red, with the scape nigrescent. Thorax and abdomen bright rufo-testaceous, latter with the third segment always strongly fasciated with deep black ; rarely the fourth and also fifth with a dark shade. Legs red, the hind ones sometimes partly infuscate. $ . Mandibles basally tuberculate ; clypeus not apically dentate. Metathorax elongate and finely punctate with the petiolar area well defined, centrally sub-bicarinate and basally distinctly costate ; areola sometimes delineated. Abdomen sub-de()lanate, not apically dilated, sub- glabrous and nitidulous ; basal segment finely and distinctly punctate, with the petiole narrow, bicarinate and the post-[)etiolc half as long again as broad, spiracles central and prominent ; second segment finely rugulose and dull. Wings ample and sub-hyaline ; stigma not broad, emitting the radius from about its centre ; parallel nervurc emitted from centre of 234 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. yPezomachus. brachial cell ; nervellus opposite, and the areolet pentagonal with its outer nervure wanting Black ; base of antennae, second, third and apex of first segments red or somewhat infuscate. Legs testaceous, with the hind tibiae apically nigrescent. Wings sub-hyaline, with the stigma basally white. Length, 3-5 mm- Schmiedeknecht says the c^ legs are black, with the tarsi, tibiae and anterior femora partly testaceous, with the apices of the posterior tibiae black. Besides that of van Vollenhoven, there is a figure of the $ in Wood's " Insects at Home," pi. x. fig. 2. Smith tells us (Trans. Ent. Soc, 1859, p. 210) that he bred four females from their own oblong cocoons in a single nest of Agelena bnitinea in the middle of June, 1859 ; subsequently twenty-two specimens were bred from seventy-three nests, in only one case four and in six cases three from a nest, and whenever the parasite emerged no trace of live spiders remained. Heiniteles formosus appeared from these nests in about equal numbers, but always singly, and four or five spiders always subsequently developed from the same nest. " It appears to me," he adds, " that the fact of the Pezo- machiis feeding upon the spiders and not on the Hemiteles is clearly proved, as, in the latter case, spiders as well as Pezomachus ought to have been developed" (cf. Bridgman, under P. zonatiis, ante), "and when we take into consideration the fact of Pezomachus being quite as bulky an insect as Hemiteles, it can scarcely be supposed that the larva or pupa of the latter could afford nourishment to three or four larvae of the former." Both sexes of the Hetniteles emerged, precluding an idea of sexual affinity, unless under greatly dimorphic conditions, which the gregarious and solitary habits of the species appear to finally preclude. This is one of our most abundant species, though, like P. instabilis, it occurs almost exclusively on low herbage. Common in Norfolk ; fre- quently bred from Apanteles cocoons (Bridgman), and from nests of Agroeca briimiea (Giraud and Bridg.) ; Bickleigh and Exminster ; and twice bred in Devon in the middle of July from the egg-bags of spiders, Lycosa pullata (Bignell) ; common at Glanvilles Wootton (Dale, who also records it from Harris in the Hebrides) ; occurs at Fairlight, Dallington and Peppering, in Sussex (Vict. Hist.); Shere in Surrey (Capron). Both sexes in Dorsetshire ; male bred from the egg-sac of a species of Theridion (Pickard-Cambridge, Entom. 1881, p. 137) and examined by me. Both sexes parasitic on Microgasteridae (Entom. 1881, p. 139) — these are repre- sented in Bridgman's collection, labelled " Bred from Microgaster nest, Norwich, Sep., 1880." Bramford, near Ipswich (E.M.M. 1900, p. 42); taken in the Carlisle district (Day); Deal marshes in July (Sladen) ; on the sea-shore, near Weymouth (Richardson) ; Lake District (Bowdler) ; Hendon in January, and Barnby Broad (Elliott) ; Scotland (Dalglish) ; Thornton in Fife (Evans) ; Isle of Mull (Tomlin) ; Retford (Thornley) ; Felden (Piffard) ; Appledore, Whitby, Church Stretton, Kilmore and Enniscorthy (Beaumont) ; New Forest (Miss Chawner) ; Shere in Surrey (Capron) ; Knovvle and Boxhill (W. Ellis) ; Southwold and Norton Wood, in Suffolk (Tuck). It has occurred to me during every month of the Pezomachus.'] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 235 year, being rarest in tlie late spring ; in grass tufts and by sweeping ; at Wherstead, Ipswich and Tuddenhani h'cu, in Suffolk ; as well as at Brockenhurst and near Halstead in Essex. The only mention of it from a lepidopterous host is that of Ratzeburg, who says he bred it from a species of Psyche. Brischke bred it from Gymnetron cainpanulae in Prussia; and in 1894 I bred two females from Coccinella septeiiiptinclata at Ipswich. 54. palpator, Gt\xv. Hemileles palpator, Gr. I. E. ii. 81S, excl. $ '^^ varr. 1, 2, 3, 5 ; Tasch. Zeils. (Jes. Nat. 1865, p. 134; Schni. Term Kiiz. 1897, p. 543, $. Heininiachiis palpator, Kalz. Ichn. d. Forst. iii. 154, $. Pezontachiis bicolor, var. 3, C.r. I. E. ii. 903, ?. P. iiiso- lens, Forst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 230. ? . ? . Head obsolelely punctate, though not nitidulous ; clypcus apically margined and rounded ; ej)istoma somewhat convex. Antennae filiform and somewhat slender ; basal flagellar joint much longer than the second and nearly four times longer than broad ; fifth twice longer than broad. Thorax glabrous, with obsolete notauli ; metanotum slightly longer and more convex than the mesonotum ; petiolar area not strongly oblique, somewhat long, its basal costa centrally obsolete ; apophyses wanting. Scutellum entirely wanting, its suture deeply impressed. Abdomen shining and sub-ovate, diffusely and obsoletely punctate and pubescent ; basal segment sub-pyriform, sometimes with very strongly projecting spiracles, at others laterally straight to the moderately broad apex ; terebra longer than the basal segment. Head black, with the mandibles rufescent. Antennae piceous, with the four or five basal joints red. Thorax red, with the sternum and extreme apex usually piceous. Abdomen with the two or three basal segments entirely red ; the third usually black, with its basal half, or only the basal angles, red ; rest black, rarely with their apical margins narrowly rufescent. Legs red, last tarsal joint piceous ; sometimes with apices of the hind femora, tibiae and tarsi infuscate. 6. Head black, hardly contracted behind the eyes, finely coriaceous and dull ; occiput slightly convex ; eyes not small ; mandibles stout, not basally tuberculate, sub-glabrous, acutely and distinctly bidentate at apex ; cheeks deeply sulcate, not short, a little buccate and longer than the base of the mandibles ; clypeus somewhat shining, centrally distinctly convex, discreted from the face, apically elevated and sub-marginate, its anterior margin rounded, not truncate and with no central tooth. Antennae slender, black, apically sub-attenuate ; flagellar joints cylindrical, the first rufescent beneath and basally whitish above, the second not excised ; scape not globose nor cylindrical, not apically entire, ferrugineous be- neath. Thorax black ; mesonotum slightly nitidulous, finely punctate ; acetabula reaching to or a little beyond centre of the mesosternum ; mela- thorax finely scabriculous, dull, not produced beyond the base of the hind coxae, the longitudinal and transverse costae distinct ; areola complete, elongate and not discreted from the basal area ; apophyses wanting ; petiolar area well defined, oblique, not short, with its basal costa distinct throughout; spirac'es minute, circular, deeply inserted and "facing back- wards. Scutellum somewhat distinctly convex, dull black, sub scabriculous, with its lateral carina not extending beyond the basal angles. Abdomen 236 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \Pezomachus. not glabrous, distinctly dull and densely alutaceous, and very sparsely pubescent ; black, with the apical margins of the three basal segments, the thyridii and basal angles of third segment, pale red ; first segment not broad, parallel-sided, only slightly broader and distinctly margined beyond the somewhat prominent spiracles, which are situated a little behind the centre, its discal carinae obsolete ; second segment with distinct glabrous thyridii, which are narrower than the intervening space; valvulae large, piceous, far exserted and apically broadly rotundate. Legs slender, clear red, not flavous-marked ; calcaria of normal length ; first joint of front tarsi strongly excised at the base, its calcaria red ; intermediate coxae and apical tarsal joints somewhat infuscate, their calcaria for the most part clear white ; hind coxae entirely, femora and tarsal joints except at their ex- treme bases, and tibiae towards apices, piceous ; hind tibiae slightly intumescent a little before their base ; hind femora sub-canaliculate internally. Wings ample ; hyaline ; tegulae black, radix and base of stigma clear white ; remainder of the broad stigma and the nervures piceous, former emitting the radius a little before its centre ; radius sub- trapezoidal and apically straight ; lower angle of discoidal cell hardly acute, its external fenestra interrupted by a corneous line ; external nervure of the areolet pellucid and sub-obsolete ; nervellus antefurcal ; cubitus of hind wing strongly inflexed in its basal half. Length, 5-6 mm. I am quite satisfied that the above $ is the typical insect of Graven- horst's H. pa/pafor, and trust my detailed description will set at rest the uncertainty which has hitherto existed regarding its true position and opposite sex ; it is very positively the $ assigned to F. iriix by Marshall, though I do not find that the mandibles are basally tuberculate, and the colour of the abdomen varies in extent. The ? is said to differ from P. geochares in the longer spiracles and entirely red femora. I am unable to ascertain what authority Marshall had for associating the typical $ of Gravenhorst's Heniiteks palpalor'^ with P. trux, but — since Bridgman says (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1886, p. 341) that he sent Pro- fessor Thomson " the species which Mr. Marshall named for Mr. J. E. Fletcher as Hemimachus trux ; this he returned to me named P. insokns, thus confirming my opinion. P. trux must, I think, be removed from our list" — it is evident that the latter was incorrectly included in our fauna, and it appears extremely probable that the ? was, de facto, the present species. I have described both sexes above, from seventeen 9 ? and four ^ $ bred together by Mr. A. H. Hamm from Zygaena lonicerae at Shotover, near Oxford, in July, 1900, which are now in my collection. H. palpator has been bred from Coleophora melilotella and Eupaecilia atricapitana (Entom. 188], p. 139). P. ittsolens is mentioned from Lynn in Norfolk, and bred from Coleophora fuscedinel/a, C. vibicella and Talae- phora pseudobombycella (Bridgman, in whose collection at Norwich are both sexes of this species on one card) ; captured at Bickleigh, early in 1 As illustrative of the hopelessness of arriving hitherto at a correct definition of Gravenhorst's (?, and also of the present (unprintable word omitted!) condition of our National Collection of British Ichiieumonidae, it may be well to point out that the ten specimens standing under Hemitdcs, palpator, in the Natural History Museum, are (i) a J Atractoiics sp.; (2) Exolytus flavipes, Thorns., i; (3) Atractodes exilis, Hal., li.s, Gniv. (7). 8. Abdomen entirely black 5. 1)K1'L.\n.\tus, C7n/7'. R 242 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Stilpnus. I. gagates, Grav. Stilpmts ^agates, Gr. I. E. i. 667 ; Curt. B. E. 388 ; Ste. III. M. vii. 209 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 56; Fcirst. Verb. VVien. z.-b. Ver. 1876, pp. 36, 41 ; Thonis. O. E. X. 1027, i 9 . Head not narrowed behind the eyes, black with the palpi pale ; clypeus slightly discreted, somewhat impressed laterally, apically rounded and obsoletely punctate ; mandibles with the upper tooth a little the longer. Antennae short, filiform and somewhat stout ; of ? half the length of the body, of $ longer ; more or less broadly red basally, with the scape usually nigrescent above. Thorax black and nitidulous, with acute apophyses. Abdomen glittering black and as long as the thorax, of $ lanceolate, of 9 sub-orbiculate, deplanate and broader than the thorax, with the basal segment sub-linear ; post-petiole a little broader and canaliculate, with $ spiracles usually prominent ; terebra sub-exserted. Legs normal, fulvous, with the coxae and trochanters sometimes partly black. Wings hyaline ; stigma piceous, radix and tegulae pale testaceous ; areolet pentagonal and entire, with the external cubital nervure obsolete ; lower angle of the dis- coidal cell not or hardly acute, nervellus antefurcal. Length, 4-5 mm. From all the following this species differs in its centrally sub-produced clypeus and basally testaceous antennae. The female is very distinct in its short, incrassate antennae, which do not reach to the apex of the meta- thorax. It is said to occur in gardens and upon house windows ; Hope took it at Netley in Shropshire and Haliday in Ireland, in June and August. St. John's Wood at the end of September (Curtis) ; not uncommon in June, near London (Stephens) ; Brundall near Norwich, in July (Bridgman) ; Bickleigh, early in August (Bignell) ; Land's End (Marquand) : Lasting- ham in Yorks. (Marshall) ; Fairlight in Sussex (Hastings List) ; common at Glanville's Wootton (Dale) ; Maldon in Essex (Fitch). Dr. Capron used to take it commonly at Shere in Surrey, and I have found it at Blakenham and Monks' Soham in Suffolk, on the flowers of Angelica sylvestris in the middle of August. Brischke has bred it in Germany from the very abundant British dipteron, Afithomyia radiciim, Linn. 2. pavoniae, Scop. Ichnemnon pat'oniae. Scop. Ent. Car. 762 ; Christ Hym. 368 ; Oliv. Enc. meth. 214, 9. Stilpuus pavoniae, Gr. I. E. i. 672; Ste. 111. M. vii. 209; Curt. B. E. 3S8 ; Forst. Verb. Wien. z.-b. Ver. 1876, p. 36; Briscb. Scbr. Ges. Danz. 1881, p. 345; Tboms. O. E. x. 1028, i 9 . Head hardly narrowed behind the eyes ; clypeus apically rounded and not produced. Antennae longer than half the body, with the basal joints pale red; the following black in (?, testaceous and gradually becoming darker apically in ? . Thorax black ; petiolar area not or only slightly impressed, but distinctly discreted ; apophyses distinct and obtuse. Abdomen black with the second segment entirely, and often the third of $ , testaceous or rufescent ; of $ lanceolate-oblong with the five basal segments gradually dilated, of ? sub-orbiculate and slightly broader than Stilpnus.'] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 243 the thorax ; post-petiole gradually dilated apically, nearly twice longer than broad and as long as the linear petiole ; terebra not exserted. Legs slender, luteous, with the hind coxae sometimes basally infuscate ; S with the hind tarsi and apices of their tibiae infuscate. \Vings of 6 hyaline, of $ slightly clouded ; stigma piceous, radix and tegulae pale testaceous ; areolet {)entagonal with the external cubital nervure somewhat indistinct ; lower angle of the discoidal cell not or hardly acute ; nervellus a little antefurcal. Length, 3-4 mm. The whole insect, as well as its legs and antennae, is more slender than S. gagates ; the longer legs and far less posteriorly abruptly narrowed head will at once distinguish it from ^. dep/atiaii/s. Curtis, who thought this species perhaps no more than a variety of S. gaga/es, records it as not uncommon in Ireland from June to August, and also from St. John's Wood. Stephens says it is less abundant than S. gagates, but is found at Darenth Wood in June and July. It has also occurred at Eaton in July; Cann Quarry in Devon, late in September; Maldon in Essex and Shere in Surrey. I have found the female upon a house window at Witnesham and Monks' Soham in Suffolk, early in September ; and flying about an evergreen shrub in an Ipswich garden as late in the year as October 25th, which date points, I think, to hibernation. 3. dryadum, Curt. Stilpnus dryadum. Curt. B. E. fol. ei pi. ccclxxxviii. ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 210 ; S. v. Voll. Schets. I. pi. i. fig. 4, tJ 9 . A black and shining species. Head of S strongly buccate posteriorly, with frons sparsely punctate and centrally longitudinally canaliculate. Antennae basally stramineous, with the scape sometimes black above ; of ? with but fourteen joints. Abdomen of 6 with a pale ochreous band at the anterior margin of the second and third segments ; of ? rarely entirely black, usually with a broad ochreous stripe down the back of segments two to four, a spot at the apex of the first, and the margin of the second, pale ochreous ; post-petiole centrally canaliculate. Legs ochreous, with the apices of the tarsi nigrescent. Wings basally flavescent, with the stigma and nervures testaceous. Length, 4-6 mm. No subsequent author has supplemented the above meagre description given by Curtis, who, however, adds much in his figure of what is lacking in words. I follow Bridg.-Fitch in ascribing van VoUenhoven's figure to this species ; he represents the ? abdomen as ovate, and that of the S ^s apically sub-truncate. The ? coloration recalls certain Panargyrops. This species, which is still unnoticed upon the Continent, has not been recorded from Britain since Haliday took the type specimens of both sexes on oak trees in (ialway. In Dr. Ca[)ron's collection I have four ^ $ which are, there can be but little doubt, referable to this species; they were probably ca[)tured in Surrey. I'\irther, I have myself taken the same species at Bart(jn Mills, in Suffolk, in June, and jic^ssess a specimen from Marshall, from Nunton in Wiltshire. R 2 244 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Siilpmis. 4. blandus, Grav. Stilpuus I'latidtis, Gr. I. E. i. 672; Curt. B. E. 388; Ste. 111. M. vii. 210; Fiirst. Verb. Wien. z.-b. Ver. 1876, p. 33, 9; Brisch. Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1881, p. 345; Thorns. O. E. x. 1028, 6 9 . Head not buccate behind the eyes, black with the centre of the man- dibles and the palpi red or dull ferrugineous. Antennae somewhat stout, infuscate with the scape red or testaceous beneath, and the three follow- ing joints ferrugineous ; second flagellar joint fully twice longer than broad and longer than the third ; of $ stout and ai)ically incrassate, with the scape entirely black. Thorax immaculate, with the petiolar area impressed and finely rugose transversely. Abdomen black, with segments two and three, except the apex of the latter, rosy red ; basal segment with no tubercles, gradually explanate apically ; terebra very shortly exserted. Legs red ; hind ones with the tarsi, and coxae externally towards the base, nigrescent. Wings hyaline ; stigma infuscate, radix stramineous, tegulae testaceous ; lower angle of the discoidal cell acute and further from the base than the small areolet. Length, 4 mm. This species is similar in size and conformation to S. deplanaius ; Brischke says the wings are like those of S. gagafes, and Thomson adds that the structure of the head and the antefurcal nervellus are analogous, but that the metathorax is smoother and more nitidulous, the abdomen longer with the post-petiole not bicarinate, and segments two and three, with the apex of the first, red. It is probably not uncommon in woods in September. Curtis says it is rare, but was taken by Haliday in Ireland, and Stephens found it at Hert- ford. Bridgman took it occasionally at Norwich in June and August, and Bignell records it from Bickleigh in Devon, early in the latter month. There are eight females in Capron's collection, and I took another at Brandon in Suffolk on 24th August, 1905. 5. deplanatus, Grav. Stilpnus deplanattis^ Gr. I. E. i. 667 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 209 ; Forst. Verb. Wien. z.-b. Ver. 1876, p. 34,?. Head black, somewhat abruptly rounded behind the eyes ; frons sparsely but not finely punctate, with a few long hairs ; vertex not emargi- nate, face distinctly pilose ; mouth partly red. Antennae rather longer than the head and thorax, very slightly incrassate apically ; basal flagellar joint alone red and as long as the scape and pedicellus. Abdomen ovate-orbiculate, as broad as the thorax, strongly deplanate, sub-glabrous, nitidulous and obsoletely alutaceous ; basal segment gradually very slightly dilated apically, irregularly striolate throughout, with no distinct carinae ; post-petiole somewhat strongly curved and laterally margined, with small tubercles ; the extreme apical angles of the second segment pale ; terebra shortly exserted. Legs not very short ; red, with the coxae and trochanters black, and onychii infuscate. Wings flavescent-hyaline ; stigma piceous, tegulae black, radix pale stramineous. Length, 4 mm. Gravenhorst says this species is similar in size and conformation to •S". gagates, but that the terebra is more distinctly exserted ; the antennae, Siiipnus.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 245 however, are much longer and more slender, the abdomen dephinale and the head posteriorly contracted. Rare near London, in June (Stephens) ; Fairlight in Sussex (Hastings List). Mr. E. A. Butler bred one specimen, which I have examined, of this species, in 18S1, "from a silky white cylindrical cocoon, with an opaque white girdle round its centre, which was three lines long. The host was a lepidopterous larva, feeding on honeysuckle, collected in Brecknockshire" (Entom. 18S1, p. 139 ei 1882, p. 223). It is probably by far our commonest species in Britain. Capron found it abundantly at Shere in Surrey ; Piffard and 1 have taken it at Felden in Herts., in September; and Tuck has sent it to me from Finborough Park in Suffolk. ATRACTODES, Gravenhorst. Gr. I. E. iii. 789(1829). Head transverse, usually buccate, but not cubical ; eyes oval, entire, somewhat small and occasionally pilose : central joints of the labial palpi normal, the apical not unusually elongate. Antennae of $ filiform, some- what short, about half the length of the body and sometimes stout, with the apical joint oblong-ovate ; of $ setaceous and a little shorter than the body. Thorax very rarely distinctly punctate ; metathorax rarely produced and nearly always gradually declived throughout, with a parallel-sided, longitudinal, sub-impressed central area, consisting of the always coalesced areola and petiolar area. Scutellum triangular and gibbulous. Abdomen petiolate, sub-glabrous and strongly nitidulous ; of $ more or less dis- tinctly compressed laterally, often narrower than the thorax, of 6 always deplanate ; oblong-ovate or linear-lanceolate ; basal segment sub-linear, usually margined, slightly explanate apically and not reaching beyond the hind trochanters, with spiracles beyond its centre ; second segment very rarely transverse, usually longer than broad and gradually contracted basally, with a fine lateral impressed line reaching to the spiracles ; terebra hardly exserted and nearly hidden by the hypopygium. Legs somewhat slender, hind ones sub-incrassate ; calcaria often curved and the onyches usually elongate ; front tibiae anteriorly pubescent but not spinulose. Wings normal ; radial nervure emitted from beyond the centre of the stigma ; areolet pentagonal, with the outer nervure often obsolete. Gravenhorst mentions the affinity of this genus with the Ichneumontnac, and Haliday thought it hardly distinct from Stilpnus. It is very difiicult in the majority of cases to synonymize the thirteen short descriptions of Haliday's species, hardly any of which have hitherto been recognized on the Continent ; only those which were supplemented by Holmgren have been adopted by Forster, among whose mulliludinous concourse they, in all probability, figure under unknown synonyms. I have taken a central course, however, and allowed such of them as ap- pear to merit specific rank to stand in our fauna, at least for the time being. Three have, I think, been described subsequently by Continental authors, two others sink as preoccupied, and there can be little doubt that A, prof^erator is referable to a distinct genus which ought, jierhaps, to l)e placed in the Tryphoninae. 246 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [A/rac/odes. (22). (21). (4). 3- (3). 4- (20). 5- (13). 6. (12). 7- (II). 8. (10). (9)- (8). 9- 10. II. (7). 12. (6). 13- (15). (14). (17). 14. 15- 16. (16). 17- (19)- (18). (5). 18. 19- 20. (2). 21. (I). 22. Tad/c of Species. Metathorax not apically produced ; radius emitted beyond centre of stigma (Atractodes, aitc/t.). Antennae at least apically infuscate. Notauli deeply impressed ; petiole short ; body aeneous i. vestalis, Hal. Notauli inconspicuous ; petiole slender ; body nitidulous. Wings not shorter than body ; coxae at least partly black. Calcaria not longer than onychium ; onyches long and slender. Basal segment laterally straight ; eyes pilose ; areolet entire. Head and thorax sub -glabrous ; anus infuscate. Anus punctate-pilose ; legs red 2. BICOLOR, Grav. Anus sub-glabrous ; legs flavidous 3. GILVIPES, Holmgr. Head and thorax punctate ; anus casta- neous 4. CITATOR, Hal. Basal segment laterally curved ; eyes glabrous ; areolet incomplete 5. GRAVIDUS, Grav. Calcaria distinctly longer than onychium ; onyches stout. Pronotum and mesopleurae punctate 6. COMPRESSUS, 77/w«j. Pronotum and mesopleurae glabrous. Apophyses distinct ; $ flagellum pale- banded 7. SUBRUFUS, Grav. Apophyses obsolete ; $ flagellum not banded. Central metathoracic area dilated 8. PICEICORNIS, Hal. Central metathoracic area parallel -sided 9. EXILIS, Hal. Wings shorter than body ; co.xae entirely rufescent 10. SALIUS, Hal. Antennae entirely testaceous n. CROCEICORNIS, //■^^/. Metathorax apically produced ; radius emitted near centre of stigma (Asyn- CRITA, Fbrst.) 12. foveolatus, Grav. I. vestalis, Hal. Hemitehs ienehricosHs, Gr. I. E. ii. 785; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 121, i (?). Atractodes vestalis, Hal. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1839, p. 118; Curt. B. E. 538; Holmgr. Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, n. 8, p. 112; Forst. Verb. Wien. z.-b. Ver. 1876, pp. 130, 159, i 9. Polyrhemhia tenehrkosa, Forst. lib. cit. pp. 43, 47, i 9 • Atractodes tenebricosns. Thorns. O. E. x. 1026, yndhurst, and in a dead rabbit at lirandon in Suffolk, in June. Dr. '!'. R. Cassal has given me a female bred early in May, 1900, at Ashby near Doncaster, in a cage containing larvae o{ Acidalia inar^inepiinctata^ Goze. 4. citator, Hal Atractodes citator, Hal. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1839, p. 120. This species, as far as one is enabled to judge from the very short description, is closely allied to A. bicolor in the coloration of the abdomen and legs, but it is very different in its distinctly punctate head and thorax, and in having only the base of the abdomen black. All the tibiae, excepting the apices of the hind pair, and the anterior femora are testa- ceous. Length, 7 mm. It was originally recorded from Ireland by Haliday, and no one has ventured to subsequently identify it but Bignell, who somewhat boldly records it from Bickleigh in Devon, on 3rd August, upon Bridgman's authority. I have examined the latter specimen, which is a female, and find hardly any distinction between it and those of .^. exilis \ the onyches are stout and calcaria longer than the onychium. 5. gravidas, Grav. Atractodes gravidiis, Gr. I. E iii. 793 ; Holmgr. Sv. Ak. Handl. 1S58, n. 8, p. 112; Forst. Verh. Wien. z.-b. Ver. 1876, p. 127, ?; Hal. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1839, p. 118; Thorns. O. E. x. 1023, i 9. Shining, somewhat sparsely punctate, black. Head buccate and not at all narrowed behind the eyes ; cheeks strongly tumidous, the space between the eyes and the mandibles broad ; palpi and centre of mandibles tes- taceous. Antennae stout, rather shorter than half the body, filiform with the joints sub-moniliform ; infuscate with the scape usually rufescent be- neath. Thorax a little narrower than the head ; notauli anteriorly distinct ; metathorax short, nearly twice higher than long ; central area broad and only slightly impressed, apophyses not strong. Scutellum elevated. Ab- domen of $ fusiform, apically sub-compressed and as broad as the thorax ; black with the sub-quadrate second and third segments, together with the gradually dilated apex of the first, entirely red, the following conical and gradually contracted towards the ajiex ; basal segment distinctly curved and nearly as long as the hind coxae and trochanters ; tercbra not exserted. 250 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. {Atractodes. Legs normal ; red with coxae, trochanters and the hind tibiae before their base, black ; tibiae shortly and closely setulose ; tarsal claws elongate, acuminate and very slender, reaching far beyond the pulvilli ; onychium almost longer than calcaria. Wings with the stigma infuscate, tegulae black and the radix pale stramineous ; areolet j>cntagonal with the outer nervure sub-obsolete. Length, 3-10 mm. Holmgren mentions a ? variety with the second and third segments entirely black. This species is less slender than A. bicolor^ with the abdomen stouter and hardly compressed apically, the antennae shorter and thicker, and the central metathoracic area less deeply impressed ; the areolet is much larger than that of A. vestalis. It may easily be differentiated by the short impressed lateral lines of the second segment, which hardly extend to the spiracles, by its glabrous eyes, externally slender tarsal claws, in- complete areolet, confluent fenestrae, antefurcal nervellus, and the ^ by the hardly elevated lines of the central flagellar joints. It is found upon TImbelUferae in August. Rare in Ireland, according to Haliday ; found at Forres by Chitty in 1892; taken by Bignell at Bickleigh, towards the end of August ; by Bloomfield about Hastings ; by Sladen at St. Margaret's in Kent, in August ; and at Blackburn, on the window of St. Anne's station in July, by Bowdler. Tuck has sent me a male from Finborough Park in Suffolk, at the end of September, 1900; and I captured another on Angelica flowers in the Reydon marshes at Southwold during the following week. It is probably attached to low- lying, swampy land. 6. compressus, Thorns. Atractodes arator, Hal. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1839, p. 1 19, i ? (?). A. compressus. Thorns. O. E. x. 1023, d ? . A black species with the head not narrowed behind the eyes. Antennae of 9 basally testaceous, apically sub-incrassate, with the last joint oblong, and the penultimate half as long again as broad. Thorax with the pro- notum and mesopleurae punctate ; central metathoracic area not dilated. Abdomen centrally testaceous ; of $ usually with the whole of the third segment, and narrow lateral with broad apical margins of the second, red ; the latter bearing impressed lateral lines extending to the spiracles. Legs testaceous, with the hind ones partly black ; tarsal claws stout, calcaria elongate. Areolet externally not entire. Length, 5-7 mm. This species is among the largest of the genus, and may be known by the punctate pronotum and mesopleurae. Haliday's A. arator agrees very well with Thomson's species in the shape of the apical flagellar joint, coloration of the abdomen and of the legs, but his description is too inadequate to synonymize them with any certainty, unless the types be examined, and these (which are preserved in the Dublin Museum) are, I am informed, not labelled. The former was found uncommonly at Holy wood. Atractodes.\ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 25I Bridgman first noticed A. compressus in Britain, at A\'ro\ham in Norfulk, in June, and Martineau has given me a female whicli he took at Selsley, in May, 1893. 7. subrufus, Grav. Tryphoii subrufus, Gr. I. I£. ii. 280, 6 . Atradotles alhoviuitus, Hal. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1839, p. 119; Curt. B. E. 538; Thorns. O. E. x. 1024, /e/>tirii, near Cat/idiotes, but its facies are so strongly similar to Atractodes that it is provisionally here placed, i)ending the discovery of a s 258 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Mesatractodes. more natural position. It appears to be allied to Spanotecnus and Phobetes of Forster. I have seen but one species. Labial palpus of Mesatractodes. I. properator, JIa/. Atractodes properator, Hal. Ann. Nat. Hist. 1839, p. 120, {, 9. Head black, with the clypeus and mandibles rufescent and palpi infus- cate. Antennae black, rufescent basally beneath ; of ? nearly the length of the body, basally red, with the four central joints white, of $ longer than body and not centrally crenulate. Thorax immaculate ; mesonotum closely and evenly punctate, discally deplanate and sub-coriaceous ; meta- thorax somewhat shining, apically sub-produced, with the lateral areae complete ; areola of $ transversely hexagonal, of 9 triangularly elongate and confluent with the apically carinate petiolar area. Scutellum black and slightly convex. Abdomen nitidulous, glabrous, red, with the petiole black and anus infuscate ; basal segment linear and margined throughout, with the post-petiole explanate and glabrous ; petiole centrally canaliculate and in $ punctate ; anus pubescent, terebra not exserted ; $ valvulae elongate, curved and red. Legs red, with the evenly punctate hind coxae, and tarsi, basally or entirely infuscate ; all the tibiae externally spinulose. Wings hyaline ; stigma narrow and piceous, tegulae and radix ferrugineous. Length, 7 mm. Haliday himself did not consider this species to belong to Atractodes^ from which it differs in so many essential points, while presenting a very similar facies, and Holmgren thought it to be allied to his A. varicornis (Callidiotes coxator, Gr.), with which, indeed, it may prove to be synonymous. It is recorded from England by Francis Walker, and near Edinburgh in September. Bridgman says it is common in Norfolk, but it is signifi- cant that he does not record the common C. coxator thence, and the same may be said of Bignell's specimens from Bickleigh, in August. Dr. Capron has taken several females at Shere in Surrey. Bignell's record of Atrac- todes albovhictus from Bickleigh, in September, refers to the present species. TRIBE. CRYPTIDES. SUB-TRIBE. MESOSTENINI. The Mesostenifii are instantly distinguished from the remaining Cryptides by the small and quadrate areolet. The two genera here placed have nothing in common but the peculiarly small and quadrate areolet of the wings. In many respects the first resembles certain genera of the Trypho- ninae., while I am strongly of opinion that the second, which appears to be but little known to modern authors, must be relegated to the Ophioninne, Mesostenini.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 259 though its anomalous features render it more convenient at present to treat of it in the position it has always hitherto held. Tabic of Genera. (2). I. Abdomen fusiform and broadly red ; thorax dull and punctate Mesostenus, Crav. (i). 2. Abdomen linear and not red ; thorax tjla- brous and nitidulous Nematopodius, Grav. Areolet of Mesostenus ligalor. Areolet of Nematopodius formosiis. MESOSTENUS, Graven/iorsf. Gr. I. E. ii. 750 (1829). Head short, transverse, posteriorly narrowed ; eyes oval and prominent ; frons with no inter-antennal spine. Antennae longer and more slender in $ . Thorax pilose, stout, punctate ; apophyses often stout and acute. Scutellum convex, triangular, apically sub -obtuse. Abdomen smooth, shining, convex ; basal segment somewhat curved, laterally margined ; post-petiole sub-convex, often coarsely punctate ; second segment with hind margin callose, the third apically depressed ; terebra deflexed and longer than half abdomen. Legs elongate and slender. Wings normal ; areolet small, rectangular, quadrate, emitting the second recurrent nervure from its apical angle. Eighteen palaearctic species are known, an investigation of which would probably extend our list from its present meagre proportions. Mesostenus gladiator^ Scop., should certainly occur in Britain, whence it was errone- ously recorded by Marshall in 1870 ; it is parasitic upon Ammophila, Pelopaeus, Trypoxylon and Osmia, and differs very considerably from our indigenous species in its entirely black body and very long terebra, bearing similar facies to Cratocryptiis subpeiiolatus. I have already (Ichn. Brit. i. 220) mentioned that Mesostenus juai/ms. Marsh., has nothing in common with the i)resent genus and is, in fact, referable to Phitylabus, Wesm. Table of Speeies. (4). I. Apophyses acute ; abdomen ov.ite ; second segment transverse (ME.SOSTENU.S, auctt.). (3). 2. Clypeus depressed ; segments flat 1. mc.ator, Grav. (2). 3. Clypeus convex ; segments convex 2. OMXOXIUS, Grav. (i). 4. Apophyses obsolete ; abdomen fusiform- linear ; second segment elongate (Stenaraeus, Thorns.) 3. Al.niNOTATUS, Grav. S 2 26o BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Mesosfenus. I. ligator, Grav. Bassus zo/ia/or, Fab. Piez. 97, 6 (?). Mesosleiius ligator, i\x. I. E. ii. 760 ; Ratz. Ichn. d. Forst. i. 147 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. in ; Thorns. O. E. v. 515 et xxi. 2378 ; Voll. Pinac. pi. -xli. ft'. \ et 2, i ^ . Head of ? with cheeks sub-buccate, of $ with facial orbits, a man- dibular and sometimes a clypeal mark, white. Antennae of $, setaceous, of $ centrally white above. Thorax and scutellum immaculate ; meta- thorax scabrous, apophyses obtuse, spiracles linear. Abdomen of 9 a little compressed laterally and as broad as, of $ narrower than, the thorax and oblong-ovate ; red or castaneous, with petiole and apical segments black, the sixth to eighth laterally or apically white-margined ; post-petiole stout, sub-quadrate, with prominent spiracles, of $ trifoveolate ; basal seg- ments distinctly punctate ; terebra deflexed and a little longer than half the abdomen. Legs elongate, red ; trochanters, coxae, hind tibiae, part of their tarsi and in $ usually their femora towards the base, black ; hind tarsi centrally white in $ and often ferrugineous in ? . Wings somewhat clouded ; stigma, radix and tegulae infuscate. Length, io~i2 mm. This species is rendered abundantly distinct by its sub-depressed clypeus, the female's falcately deflexed terebra and trifoveolate petiole, and the male's apically white-margined anal segments. It occurs in June upon umbelliferous flowers throughout the Continent, where it has been bred from Bombyx neustria (Grav.), Acroftycta rufnicis (Laboul.), Zygaena irifolii and Cimbex amerinae (Brisch.). In Britain it is certainly not rare, though only recorded from Essex by Harwood, who found it at Wivenhoe in June, 1900. Piffard has given me specimens from Felden in Herts. ; Thornley from Linwood in Lines., in June ; and Connold has found it in the neighbourhood of Hastings. 2. obnoxius, Grav. Mesostenus obnoxius, Gr. I. E. ii. 763 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. in, i ? (nee Voll. Pinac. pi. xli. fig. 4) ; cf. Entom. 1880, p. 18 et Thorns. O. E. xxi. 2379. Head black with clypeus convex, sub-tuberculiform ; facial orbits of $ rarely white. Antennae black, of $ somewhat slender and centrally white-banded, of $ stouter and immaculate. Thorax punctate ; notauli short, not reaching to the centre of the mesonotum ; apophyses acute, spiracles oblong. Scutellum black. Abdomen convex and elongate- ovate, broader in $ ; black with segments two to four, apical margin of first and base of fifth, castaneous-red ; anus immaculate ; post-petiole gradually dilated ; terebra less than half the length of the abdomen and hardly curved. Legs slender and elongate ; black, with anterior except coxae and trochanters, and the femora towards their base, red ; tarsi infus- cate, hind ones of S centrally white. Wings normal, somewhat clouded ; stigma, radix and tegulae black. Length, 10-12 mm. Bridgman (Entom. 1880, p. 18) points out the variation of the male; its areolet may be more or less broad, sometimes very narrow, and the outer Mesostenus.^ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 261 nervure may be so obsolete as to appear wanting ; its abdonitn also varies much in width, the normal form being elongate-ovate with the third segment the broadest and parallel-sided, whence the abdomen tapers to its base, but rarely segments two to four are of equal breadth throughout ; the petiolar spiracles appear much more prominent in smaller examples, and the post-peliole is either parallel-sided or gradually exfjlanate towards its apex. This species occurs throughout central and northern I'Auope, and has been there bred from Zyi^aena Ephialks, Z. trifolii (Brisch.), and Z. carni- olica (Laboul.). In Britain it is by no means uncommon ; Hrockley in June (Turner) ; Maldon in Essex (Fitch) ; Fairlight, Sussex (Hast. List); Brundall near Norwich (Bridgman) ; South Devon (Bignell) ; Botusfleming (in coll. Marsh.) ; common some years on the Cotswold Hills (Watkins, Ent. Rec. 1902, p. 349). Bred at Oxford from Zyi:;aena trifolii early in May (Hamm) ; and from Eucheliajacobaeae (Buckler's Larvae, ix. Appendix). South and Chapman have bred it at Reigate, and Lyle in the New Forest, from Zygaena Jilipendulae, and Capron took it at Shere in the same county. Head of Larva. Zygaena cocoon. The life history of this species is comparatively well known and I have been enabled, thanks to the kindness of Mr. R. M. Prideaux, to add a little to what was already noted by Bignell and Moncreaff. In April the female lays a solitary egg on the back of a caterpillar o{ Zygaena filipetidulae, when the larva emerges in a few days and eats its way through the skin to begin feeding upon the fatty portions of the caterpillar, which is full fed by the end of June. The latter then weaves its cocoon as though in perfect health, and usually retains sufficient strength to assume the pupa state. The parasite has meanwhile been advancing towards maturity at its host's expense, and completes its demolition just before, or soon after, it pupates. The former then proceeds to construct a cocoon of its own within its host's ; this is twelve millimetres in length and six in breadth, a little con- tracted at both extremities, which are oblifiuely truncate, and do not reach the apices of the Zygaena cocoon. It is sub-ovate and generally longi- tudinally wrinkled, on account of the contraction of its surface. Upon the outer integument being removed, the parasite's cocoon is revealed ; this is of exactly the same colour as the host's, and within is shining, (juite smooth and entirely empty, excepting for the larva ; it is interwoven upon the host's cocoon and is much stouter and more chitinous. The Zygaena caterpillar's skin occupies the extreme apex of its cocoon (i) and its chrysalis, of which only the crumpled, compacted skin and chitinous parts remain, is pushed closely on to it. Very rarely the caterpillar's skin is at one end of the Zygaena cocoon and the pupa skin at the other. Some- 262 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \^Mesos/€tius. times the parasite consumes its host before the latter pupates, in which case the remains of the caterpillar are pushed to the apex (i) and the next cell (2) is empty and separated from the apical by a fragile partition erected by the parasite before completing its own cocoon (3) ; this partition is always present and divided from the parasite's cocoon by a more or less broad space (2). The broader extremity of the host's cocoon is not reached by that of the parasite, so that a little empty cell (4) is left between them ; the apices of the parasite's own cocoon are very stout and their surface uneven. The larva (see fig.) is onisciform, twelve millimetres in length and about six in breadth in repose, deplanate, entirely primrose-yellow and diapha- nous with numerous lighter, sub-cutaneous, opaque granules. It has a fleshy lateral border containing the spiracles which are boldly marked by a dot within a circle ; this border is distinctly discreted and, together with the anal segment, sub-translucent. There are ten segments, of which the head has the outlines of the mouth organs (see fig.) piceous and two longitudinal frontal marks ferrugineous ; the remainder of the head is of the same colour as, though more coriaceous than, the rest of the body, the whole surface of which is covered with extremely close and extremely minute punctures. The eight central segments are furnished dorsally with pseudo-feet, the central ones being the most prominent and powerful. When frightened the larva remains motionless with head retracted and defiexed ; it has the power of closing a rent in its cocoon (in March) with a perfectly white substance, and can withdraw at will into half the area of its cocoon, which is curiously convex for so flat a larva. Before pupating the larva becomes less fleshy, more elongate, narrower and darker in colour ; Moncreaff adds (Entom. iv. p. 125) that at the end of January " the eyes become darker and numerous pellets of frass are ejected." The pupa (see figg.) is somewhat light-yellow, with red eyes ; it is of the usual Ichneumonid type and still retains its dorsal prolegs. It has the faculty of violently jerking the cocoon by rapidly twisting round and round upon the apex of its abdomen. I have found that it does not become a pupa till quite the end of March, but sometimes by the end of February the waist is beginning to contract and the antennae, legs and wings show through the shell ; by the second week in March the whole of the members stand clear of the body, each encased in a trans- parent covering ; next minute atoms of a dark colour, commencing at the head, gradually steal over the body, which in a short time assumes its perfect markings, and by the end of March, in some cases, the insect is perfect. The antennae are then drawn one by one from their cases, the legs and wings quickly follow, the whole envelope is thrown off, and the perfect insect lies for some time within its cocoon before emergence. Its final ecdysis usually occurs between dusk and midnight, and the imago is extremely vivacious throughout the whole course of its life, which, in the male, lasts only three or four days in confinement. I have found them to emerge between May 15th and June i8th, the latest date being July 3rd, and the males precede the females about eight days. Natural size. '\%\v Mesos/enus.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 263 Bignell is of opinion that this species confines its parasitism (in Britain) exclusively to Zygaena filipendtilae, and arrives at this conclusion, which is not entirely correct (see Hanim's record, etc., above), by observing, through many years, that it does not emerge from its host's cocoon until the caterpillars are full grown and consequently in a fit state for ovi- position ; at all events all the formerly recorded emergences, and these are comparatively numerous, have been from this host, which always succeeds in weaving a perfectly formed cocoon. I have attempted to induce bred se.xes to co[)ulate in the presence of Zygaena larvae ; when first introduced the $ attempted advances which were repulsed by the $ , who made a feint of piercing the larvae with her spicula, but the action appeared instinctive rather than deliberate, and the experiment failed. M. obnoxius appears to be a local species ; more than half the speci- mens I have examined are from Reigate. At Felixstowe I have collected over a hundred cocoons of Z. filipendulae, not one of which exhibited a trace of this species. Bignell (Entom. 1880, p. 17) bred twenty specimens from seventy cocoons of the host, which also produced a couple of Tachina lan'arum, three Exorista vulgaris and five Apanteles sp. (probably A. con- gestus, as bred from this host by Brischke ; see also Ent. Rec. 1902, p. 349^); and even these are not all the ills that this poor moth is heir to, since Anomalon fibulator is said to be frequently parasitic upon it, and Spilo- cryptus fumipennis is another enemy. I have, moreover, dealt somewhat fully with the hyperparasitism of Hemiteks castaneus, through M. obnoxius, under the former species. 3. albinotatus, Grav. Mesostenus albinotatits, Gr. I. E. ii. 756; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. iio, excl. var. I, c5 9 ; (f. Brisch. Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1879, p. 337 f/ Thorns. O. E. xix. 21 17. Stenaraens albinotatus. Thorns, lib. cit. xxi. 23S2. Head narrowed behind the eyes ; frons coarsely punctate and mutic ; oral costa not elevated ; internal orbits, especially in $ , whitish. An- tennae of $ with three central joints white above. Thorax sub-cylindrical, sometimes with a white dot beneath the radix ; epomiae short, apophyses sub-obsolete. Scutellum with basal carinae more or less white. Abdomen elongate, sub-fusiform ; black with post-petiole, whole of second segment, and usually of the third, red ; margins of the sixth and seventh milky white ; petiole acutely dentate laterally at the base ; post-petiole longer than broad, smooth, with short spiracular but no dorsal carinae ; second segment nearly twice longer than broad ; terebra nearly as long as the abdomen, slightly deflexed. Legs not stout, red, with coxae and tro- chanters black ; hind tibiae and tarsi, and sometimes in 9 femora basally with the hind ones beneath, infuscate ; hind tarsi of c^ centrally white. Wings somewhat clouded ; radix and tegulae infuscate ; discoidal cell twice broader at apex than at base ; areolet transverse, nearly twice broader than long. Length, 9-1 1 mm. 1 With regard to Apanteles coiiRestus, I may say that in July, 1899, Mr. Prideaiix sent me a cocoon of Z. plibendulae from which a perfect moth had already emerged and, attached to it, was that of tliis species whose single larva had subsisted upon the caterpillar with no apparent iletriment to it. Is it possible for a parent fly, disturbed in oviposition, to leave so slender a progeny for its host to rear that the latter may sometimes survive to perfect maturity ? One would suppose the con- tinual drain upon its strength of even a single Apanteles larva to be fatal (cf. also K.M.M. i. p. 73 et Entom. 1866, p. 28). I do not eo so far as to assert that six specimens of I'aniscus crphatotes and a perfect Arctia menthrasti could emerge from a single pupa o( Dicranura vinula ! (c/. Dale, Mag. Nat. Hist. No. 19). 264 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Mesos/efius. The hind femora apically above and the centre of their tibiae are rufes- cent ; the c? hind tarsal joints two to four are white and its scutellar carinae sometimes immaculate. This species is very distinct from the preceding in its densely and very finely punctate abdomen, and glabrous, elongate post-petiole ; from Af. transfuga, with which Marshall synonymized it, in the acute lateral prominences at the base of the petiole which, however, are sub-obsolete in the male, in the posteriorly narrower head, the sub-rugosely punctate frons, short pronotal epomiae and the male's immaculate pronotum. It is quite possible that M. transfuga, which occurs throughout Europe, may be found with us, but more positive records are needed before introducing it, although it is mentioned as British by Desvignes, in 1856. In any case the records of this species are extremely vague, and founded solely upon Marshall's mention of it in his 1870 and 1872 Catalogues. It occurs in July and is widely distributed on the Continent, but does hot appear to have been yet bred. NEMATOPODIUS, Gravenhorst Gr. I. E. ii. 955 (1829). Head transverse and basally rounded ; eyes sub-orbiculate ; clypeus distinctly discreted, convex and apically incised ; cheeks short and deeply sulcate. Antennae slender, filiform with the joints gradually a little in- crassate and pale-banded towards the obtuse apex. Thorax gibbous and gradually contracted posteriorly ; mesopleural sulci strong ; metathorax sub-declived and somewhat convex throughout, pubescent, strongly niti- dulous, distinctly, sparsely and evenly punctate beyond the centrally angulated basal costa ; spiracles circular and apophyses entirely wanting. Scutellum triangular, hardly convex, apically obtuse. Abdomen narrow, elongate, convex, glabrous and nitidulous ; basal segment linear, with prominent spiracles ; second segment obsoletely punctate and, with the remainder, parallel-sided or gradually dilated towards the anus ; terebra shortly exserted with sub-spatulate valvulae. Legs slender, elongate, with front coxae centrally obtusely denticulate and the hind tibiae sub- intumescent. Wings narrow with areolet entire, small and sub-quadrate, emitting recurrent nervure from near its apex. The position of this genus, which I am now able to confirm as British, has never been satisfactorily decided. Gravenhorst wished to place it between Cryptus and Eckthrus, but the areolet is quadrate. Taschenberg says its conformation is similar to that of Ischni/s, and that it has nothing in common with Mesostenus but the shape of the areolet. Subsequent authors have nothing to add and, indeed, in our present artificial classifi- cation no other position is open to it. I am strongly of opinion that it is closely allied to Habrocryptus /ninuiorins, Fab., but the females of that genus are of much stouter build, and the exserted terebra and mesopleural sulci preclude it from Ischnns, as now understood. I can, moreover, recall no genus with the front coxae similarly modified. We now possess both the palaearctic species. Nematopodius.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 265 The su-called " Nemalopodius " ater has nolliing to do with this gL-niis (cf. Bridg.-Fitch, Entom. 1883, p. 38). Tabic of Species. (2). 1. Clypeus apically cmarginate ; mclanotuin with basal costa only i. FORMOSUS, Grav. (i). 2. Clypeus apically bidentate ; metanotum fully areated 2. LINEARIS, Grav. I. formosus, Grav. Nematopodius formosus, Gr. I. E. ii. 957 ; S. v. Voll. Schets. I. pi. i, fij^. 24, 9 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges Nat. 1865, p. 112; Schm. Opusc. Ichn. viii. 578, 6 9. A slender and strongly elongate species. Head black, with face, mouth, cheeks and nearly the whole of the orbits pale stramineous, and the man- dibles apically ferrugineous ; clypeus centrally emarginate. Antennae longer than half the body with usually two joints, far beyond the centre, white above and ferrugineous beneath. Thorax black, with most of the pronotum and the callosities before the radix white ; sometimes also the sternum, pleurae and apex of the metathorax rosy, witli rarely the meta- thorax mainly red, only the disc being more or less black. Scutellum wholly or laterally white, with its apex, like the post-scutellum, badious. Abdomen narrow and twice longer than the thorax, pilose and very smooth ; black, with all the segments narrowly white-margined, and in $ with segments three to five sub-badious ; first segment finear, basally distinctly denticulate ; post-petiole twice longer than broad, of $ very slightly intumescent with spiracles not behind its centre ; terebra about one-fifth of the length of the abdomen, infuscate with red spicula, and j)ilose, apically obtuse valvulae. Legs slender ; the anterior testaceous, with coxae and trochanters pale stramineous ; hind ones nigrescent, with femora and apices of coxae dark testaceous ; hind tibiae contracted and slightly cuived at the base ; front coxae obtusely denticulate centrally beneath. Wings narrow, hyaline, with stigma piceous ; radix and tegulae white ; nervelius strongly post-furcal, intercepted in its centre, with the humeral nervure and apex of the posterior entirely wanting. Length, 7-9 mm. The rufescent markings are usually much more noticeable in the male. The post-petiole is not apically excised, as figured by van Vollenhoven. If this species, w-hich is almost unrecorded from northern Europe, has hitherto been found in Britain at all, it nmst have been extremely rare. It is said to be taken in June, July and September, on Umbellifcrae., walls, palings and old wood ('r/. Tasch. llym. Deut. p. 58), and to be usually gregari(jus throughout central and southern Europe. Marshall's record of it in his 1870 Catalogus is probably based upon the single male in the National Collection, and certainly no one has found it here since that time, until I was so fortunate as to take four females upon the window- pane in my bedroom at Monks' Soham House, Suffolk, during July ist to 1 6th, 1905. I should suspect them of preying upon some xylophagous coleopteron devouring the old timber of which the house is mainly com- posed, and the occurrence of four examples in the same situation proves their presence to have not been accidental. None occurred there in 1906. 266 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Nemalopoditis. 2. linearis, Grav. Neinatopoditis linearis, Gr. I. E. ii. 95S ; Schm. Opusc. Ichn. 578, c5 ; (/• Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 113. Head black, broader than the thorax, with the vertex and temples strongly convex ; face elongately pilose and immaculate ; clypeus distinctly discreted, apically rounded and very strongly bidentate in the centre ; mandibles broad and flavescent with the teeth of equal length. Antennae slender and piceous, basally testaceous beneath, with the first flagellar joint four times longer than broad and half as long again as the second. Thorax entirely black and strongly nitidulous ; mesonotum abruptly declived apically, with deeply impressed and sub-parallel notauli, which do not extend quite to the scutellum ; metathorax sub-glabrous, with all the areae entire and sharply defined ; areola slightly longer than broad, parallel-sided, basally curved, apically strongly and truncately costate ; petiolar area ill-defined and half length of the metanotum. Abdomen elongate-linear, apically sub-compressed and densely pilose ; basal segment not apically explanate, with the spiracles (as in N. formosus) slightly before the centre ; post-petiole smooth and shining ; black with the central segments, especially apically, pale. Legs strongly elongate, tes- taceous, hind pair black ; anterior coxae and trochanters, and the apices of the hind coxae, stramineous ; intermediate coxae with a small tooth before the apex beneath, front ones obtusely dentate. Wings hyaline and somewhat narrow ; areolet entire, small and quadrate-pentagonal ; fenestrae wanting, nervellus opposite and intercepted far below the centre. Length, 8 mm. It is hardly necessary to indicate the very obvious differences between this species and N. formosus ; the divergence in shape of the areolet is far less than Taschenberg, who thought this species referable to Ischnus, would lead us to suppose, and no doubt remains that it is truly con- generic with N. formosi/s. After a careful study of both species I am strongly of opinion that they should be placed in the Ophioninae, on account of the neuration, irregular areolet, apically sub-compressed abdo- men, but especially with regard to the ante-medial petiolar spiracles. The only previous record of this species, which is a very unexpected addition to the British list, is Gravenhorst's of 1829, " Marem unicum etruscum a Sanvitale mihi misit." I possess a single male kindly given me by the late Dr. P. B. Mason, which was captured at Greenings, near East Grinstead, in Surrey, in July, 1872, by Wilson Saunders. SUB-TRIBE. CRYPTINI. The present sub-tribe will easily be recognized by its always entire and pentagonal areolet, which very often has the sides exactly parallel, by the exareated metathorax and large size. \n the metathoracic conformation, the species more closely approach the sub-petiolate Pim()linae than any others of the present sub-family. It is by no means an easy matter to synonymize Thomson's genera with the very elaborate ones previously erected, with no indication of types, by Forster, but it is thought that the following table will serve as a sufficiently explicit guide to the various genera into which the Cryptus, Linoceras and, in part, Echthrus, of Marshall's Catalogue have recently been divided. Cryptini.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 267 Table of Genera. Radius of upper wing short and straight ; median of lower angulatcd at nervellus. Post-petiole discally curved ; mesonotum declived in front, notauli distinct. Discoidal cell obtuse below and not ex- tending to below apex of areolet. Areolet large and usually parallel-sided. Areolet laterally slightly convergent ; anus immaculate PVCNOCRYPTUS, Thorns. Areolet parallel-sided ; anus usually white. Petiolar tubercles far behind centre Spilocryptu.S, Thorns. Petiolar tubercles only just behind centre. Coxal area distinct ; onychii not stout ... HOPLOCRYPTU.S, Thorns. Coxal area wanting ; onychii stout and often large. Onychii shorter than second tarsal joint G.AMRRUS, Forst. Onychii longer than second tarsal joint ... AkitR-MNLS, Forst. Areolet somewhat small and distinctly convergent Hap.rocryptu.s, Thorns. Discoidal cell rectangular below and ex- tending to below apex of areolet C.\ENOCRYPTUS, Thoms. Post-petiole discally straight ; mesonotum not declived ; notauli obsolete. Lower basal nervure pellucid ; epomiae obsolete Idiolisp.a, Forst. Lower basal nervure entire ; epomiae short but distinct GONIOCRYPTUS, Thoms. Radius of upper wing long and curved ; median of lower wing straight. Second joint of palpi triangular ; abdomen cyaneous Megaplectes, Forst. Second joint of palpi cylindrical ; abdo- men not cyaneous. Basal flagellar joints apically incrassate ; post-petiole explanate. Head transverse, clypcus mutic ; petiolar spiracles not central Cryptus, /^a<^. Head cubical, clypeus mucronate ; petiolar spiracles central. Mesosternal sulcus reaching base ; meta- notum with apical costa Nyxeopmilus, Forst. Mesosternal sulcus not reaching base ; metanotum with basal costa Xylophurus, Forst. Flagellar joints cylindrical ; post-petiole linear AcRORICNUS, Ratz. PYCNOCRYTPUS, Thomson. Thoms. O. E. v. 500. Head sub-triangular, vertex declived behind the ocelli ; epistoma and clypeus sub-conve.x, the latter apically mutic ; cheeks elongate and not buccate. Antennae of $ filiform, spiral, white-banded, with post-annellus a little longer than the scape. Metathoracic spiracles sub-rotund. Abdo- men elongate, terebra far-exserted and sub-dellexed ; first segment a little dilated and elevated, with post-petiole hardly margined, the second shining and not alutaceous, sparsely punctate ; anus not marked with white. (18). I. (15). 2. (14). 3- (13)- (6). 4- 5- (5). (8). (7). (10). (9). 6. 7- 8. 9- 10. (12). II. (II). (4). 12. 13- (3). 14. (2). 15- (17). 16. (16). 17- (I). 18. (20). 19- (19). 20. (26). 21. (23). 22. (22). 23- (25). 24. (24). 25- (21). 26. 268 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Pycnocryptus. Hind femora stout, front tibiae sub-inflated ; hind tarsi shorter than tibiae. Wings with areolet large, and a little convergent ; radial nervure short ; nervellus opposite and intercepted below its centre. This genus differs from Cryplus in its sub-cylindrical thorax, the petiolar area not reaching the centre of the metanotum, its sub-rotund spiracles ; in the white radix and large, slightly convergent areolet ; in the elongate terebra, shining and not alutaceous second segment, the fifth to the seventh bearing a gradually expanding membrane ; and in the head and thorax in both sexes being immaculate. A second species of this genus has been described in the female sex from the Mediterranean region by Kriechbaumer, but it is hardly likely to occur in Britain. I. peregrinator, Linn. Ichneumon peregrinator, Linn. F. S 402, ?. Cryplus peregrinator, Gr. I. E. ii. 605 et Suppl. i. 705, 9 , excl. var. I ; Tasch. Zeils. Ges Nat. 1865, p. 99, excl. 6 ; Tschek, Verb, z -b. Ges 1870, p. 132, c5 ? • C. analis, Gr. I. E. ii. 560 ; Ste. III. M. vii. 289; Tascb. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865. p. 91, excl. 9. C. varipes, Briscb. Schr. Ges. Uanz. 1 88 1, p. 332, i. Pycnocryptus peregrinator, Tboms. O. E. v. 500 et xxi. 2365, i 9. Shining and punctulate, with very slight white pubescence. Head immaculate ; clypeus discreted, apically rounded, laterally narrowed, with a transverse central impression ; epistoma slightly prominent ; frons im- pressed and punctate. Antennae short and somewhat slender ; of $ with the central joints seven to eleven white and the first flagellar barely more than twice longer than broad. Thorax and scutellum black, the former sub-cylindrical with the metanotum gradually declived, finely and densely rugulose punctate, of S longitudinally ; lateral areae entire and punctate with their apical margin fine and curved ; the petiolar small and more coarsely sculptured, basally narrow, arcuate and usually incomplete ; apophyses weak, spiracles small and sub-circular ; coxal areae of S pro- duced. Abdomen very finely punctate, of ? ovate-fusiform, strongly nitidulous and as broad as the thorax, of S linear-fusiform ; black with segments two to four entirely, the first entirely in 5 and apically in S , the fourth basally and laterally, red ; the sixth or fifth to seventh in ? pale ; basal segment elongate, of 5 slightly curved laterally with the apical angles obtuse, of S sub-linear, glabrous and scarcely at all explanate ; post-peliole of ? very smooth, convex and slightly longer than broad ; terebra about as long as abdomen. Legs short with femora stout ; red with coxae, trochanters, apices of hind femora and of their tibiae, S with anterior and ? sometimes with the intermediate femora basally, black. Wings somewhat narrow, clouded ; tegulae dark, radix stramineous, nerve- let of variable length ; areolet pentagonal with its sides only slightly convergent. Length, 5-8 mm. The female, and rarely the male also, has the hind legs mainly black ; sometimes the male has the intermediate femora to beyond their centre, the hind femora and tibiae entirely, black, with or without the third and fourth tarsal joints white ; the extent of the red coloration upon the basal segment is also variable. Thomson says the male of Gravenhorst's C. analis appears to belong to this species on account of its white radices, Fycnocryptus.'] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 269 rather than to G. titillalor, to which Tasclieiiburg, who examined the original types, assigned it. The $ variety aiialis, which Tschek is satisfied appertains to this species, and which is much commoner in liritain than the typical form, of which he possessed but a single example, has the hind legs entirely black, with the tarsi often centrally white. Schmiedeknecht is of opinion that this species should be ascribed to Graven horst, and that the previous authors confuse more than one species under this name, but the latter's references to Linnaeus, Fourcroy, (Imelin, Olivier and Thunberg appear to be sufificiently exact. The larva, Bouche tells us (Naturg. 142), is like that of G. ii/il/ator, curved and cylindrical with inflated lateral margins ; white and acuminate with erect isolated bristles ; the rounded head bearii two short obconical antennae ; the dorsal segments are somewhat humped and the apical one is narrowed ; its length is two lines. Its cocoon is grey and is intermixed with dirt and fragments of wood fibre. It preys upon Bo/ys sam/'ina/is, in which its larvae live, two or three together, and subsecjuently pupate in close proximity to one another. P. peregrinator is distributed throughout Europe and extends to Algeria. It is said to have been bred from Lasiocampa quercus, and to be found upon flowers ; Hope sent the female to Gravenhorst from Netley ; Bridg- man found it at Norwich, Brundall and Cromer, in June and August ; Bignell at Exminster, at the end of July ; Hamm at Tubney and Shotover near Oxford ; Fitch at Maldon in Essex ; and it is recorded from the Hastings district. These notices are, hawever, very meagre since it is an abundant species everywhere, and I have found it at Burwell in the Cambs. fens, at Belstead and Foxhall near Ipswich, on Angelica flowers in May and August ; and at Huntingfield near Faversham, on Herackum flowers. In July, 1898, Mr. Bedwell and I bred a great many $ $^ together with $ $ of Ga7nbriis ornniiis (a curious and suggestive circum- stance !), from the cocoons of Zygaena trifolii on the long grass stems in Oulton Broad in Suffolk, and in this case the parasitism was solitary, the Cryptid cylindrical cocoon being spun at one extremity of the host's ; in one case I found the interwoven cocoons of a hyperparasitic Apanieles which failed to attain maturity. I possess females from Mablethorpe and Linwood Common in Lines., Retford and South Leverton in Notts. (Thornley) ; Lyndhurst (Adams) ; Dartmouth Park, N.W. London (Newbery) ; Blackheath and IMumstead (Beaumont) ; Bournemouth (Bradley) ; \N'estbury (Charbonnier) ; Guest- ling (Bloomfield); Ely (Cross) ; Tostock near Bury St. Edmunds ('luck); Greenings in Surrey (\\'. Saunders) ; Kingsdcnvn in Kent (Sladen) ; Felden in Herts. (FifTard) ; Shere (Capron) ; and Kerry in Ireland (The Irish Naturalist, 1903, p. 68) ; St. Margaret's Bay and Huntingfield in Kent, from June to September (Chitty) ; Matlock (Tomlin) ; New Forest (Miss Chawner). The var. ana/is of the male has occurred to me plentifully on flowers o{ Ileracleiim sphondy/ium, in June and July, and sometimes flying low over damp grass, towards the end of May, at Wicken and Burwell Fens in Cambridge, Oxshott in Surrey ; Hramford, Orwell, \\ herstead, Mildenhall, Farnham, Henstead, Bentley Woods, l'"oxhall and Barham in Suffolk. Evans took the female at St. Davids in Fife, in June, 1900. 270 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \Spilocryptus. SPILOCRYPTUS, Thomson. Thorns. O. E. v. 501. Head with vertex declived behind ocelli ; clypeus apically sub-mutic ; epistoma not or hardly convex. Antennae of ? filiform and white- banded. Metathorax apically truncate ; coxal areae indeterminate ; spiracles generally small and sub-circular. Abdomen not strongly convex, nearly obovate, centrally red ; seventh segment with disc entirely, and of the sixth and the eighth partly, white ; petiolar spiracles far behind the centre of first segment ; venter strongly plicate ; terebra normal and straight, spicula apically spinulose. Tibiae nearly mutic, front ones more or less incrassate. Upper wings with areolet large and parallel-sided ; the lower with nervellus sub-opposite, intercepted below or nearly in the centre. This genus differs from Hoplocrypius in the shorter abdomen of the female, in having the petiolar spiracles far behind the centre, the lateral carinae before the spiracles obsolete but basally dentate, and the apex of the spicula hastate ; the petiolar area of the metathorax incomplete above and laterally dentate or cristate, with its spiracles generally round. Twenty-three palaearctic species are here included, together with three others doubtfully (of which we may consider Cryptus amoenus to be correctly placed), by Schmiedeknecht, who retains Forster's name Agro- thereutes sub-generically to include those kinds whose females are brachypterous. Table of Species. Spiracles circular and small ; hind tibiae distinctly white basally. Abdomen stout, its post-petiole not white ; $ macropterous. Cheeks narrow. Clypeus convex ; ? front coxae red, $ scutellum white i. incubitor, Strom. (4). 5. Clypeus deplanate ; ? front coxae and $ scutellum black 2. CIMBICIS, Tschek. Cheeks buccate. Antennae of $ tricoloured ; $, fifth seg- ment broadest, face black 3. MIGRATOR,/".:;;^. Antennae of ? bicoloured ; $ second seg- ment broadest, face often white 4. fumipennis, Grav. Abdomen of $ slender, its post-petiole white-marked ; ? brachypterous 5. abbreviator. Fab. Spiracles oval and usually large ; hind tibiae not white-marked. Scutellum and pronotum white 6. adustus, Grav. Scutellum and pronotum black. Apophyses acute ; clypeus hardly dis- creted 7. nubeculatus, Grav. (13). 14. Apophyses wanting; clypeus distinctly discreted 8. amoenus, Grav. (10). I. (9). 2. (6). 3- (5). 4- (3). 6. (8). 7- (7). 8. (2). 9- (0- 10. (12). II. (II). 12. (14I 13- Spilocrypius.'] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 27 1 I. incubitor, Strom} Ichueumon incubitor, Strom, Trondj. Selsk. Skr. 176S, p. 348, 9 fw^rLinn.). Ctyptiis incubitor, Gr. I. E. ii. 590; Ste. 111. M. vii. 291, 9 ; llolin^r. Sv. Ak. Handl. 1854, p. 52; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 104, excl. i ; Tschek, Verh. z.-b. Ges. 1870, p. 415, (J 9 . C. pygoleucus, var , Gr. I. E. i. Suppl. 702 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 103, var. I, (J. Spilocryptus incubitor. Thorns. O. E. v. 502 et xxi. 2366 (part) ; ;en ar C. cimbuis (Tschek) s.iinma art," but Tschek is at considerable pains to indicate the distinction between his species and ttic present. 272 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Spilocryp/ns. only slightly shorter than half the abdomen. The colour of the scutelluni will at once distinguish the male from Tschek's s[)ccies. A. batavus is given by van VoUcnhoven (IMnac. p. viii. Syst. I.ij.), with- out hesitation, as synonymous with this species ; it is a brachypterous variety with the first segment, hind tarsi and their tibiae, excepting the white base, unicolorous red. The Rev. E. N. Bloomfield first found it in Britain, as recorded by Bridgman (Trans. Ent. Soc. 188 1, p. 154), in a sandpit in GuesUing Wood, near Hastings, in September ; and Hamm, Elliott tells me, has taken it at St. Helens in the middle of July. My own experience is that this form is much commoner than the macropterous one, since I have found it in September, running in sandpits and at the roots of reeds by the river Gipping at Ipswich, where I once bred it in May from an unknown host ; and Piffard has several times taken it at Felden in Herts. If further proof of the association of the brachypterous form with S. incubiior were needed, it is abundantly su[)plied by Bowdler, who has sent me about a dozen of both forms captured together during September, 1898 ; they were both running over low plants in a lane at Oswaldtwistle in Lancashire in some numbers. Stephens found S. incubitor near London in June ; Bridgman at Norwich, and he adds that it has been bred from Saturnia carpini ; I have seen a specimen bred from the same host by Bradley at Barmouth. It would also appear to prey upon Euchelia jacobaeae. Psyche vidella, P. aim, Trichiosoma luconim, Cimbex variabilis and Hylotoma rosarian (cf. Entom. 1883, p. 36), but it is almost certain that in the case of the Tenthredinid hosts, the next species should have been cited. Thornley has taken the macropterous female at Linwood Warren in North Lines., and I once found it on the flowers of wild carrot at Peasenhall, in Suffolk, towards the end of July. 2. cimbicis, Tschek. Cryptus incubitor, Ratz. Ichn. d. Forst. i. 142 ; ii. 123, i ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 104, excl. 9. C. c7'w/'/V/j-, Tschek, Verb. z.-b. Ges. 1870, p. 412, 6 9 ; cf. lib. cit. 1872, p. 250. Spilocryptiis iiiciibitor. Thorns. O. E. v. 502 et xxi. 2366 (part). Shining and punctate. Head black, narrowed and rounded posteriorly ; cheeks and temples sub-buccate ; epistoma prominent ; clypeus deplanale, laterally depressed and apically slightly impressed transversely in the centre ; frons flat, with a slight central sulcus ; of 9 with facial orbits sometimes pale ; of $ with mouth, part of mandibles, orbits and a central facial mark white. Antennae of ? centrally white, not attenuate apically, with first and second flagellar joints of equal length ; of ^ with scape white beneath. Thorax black, of i with pronotum and a line below the radix white ; meso- and meta-notum of equal height, the latter uniformly convex with the lateral areae complete and densely rugulose, with the basal costa sub-obsolete and curved, the apical wanting, and the petiolar area small, emitting the apophyses, which are wanting in the c? , below its vertex. Scutellum flat, distinctly narrowed apically, diffusely punctate and black in both sexes. Abdomen of $ oblong-ovate, of $ linear-fusiform ; centrally red, anus white ; basal segment narrow and very finely punctulate, of ? slightly curved to the small spiracles, with the post-petiole red and often black-marked, as long as broad, with no carinae nor sulci, with the apical angles acute and the margin emarginate, of S narrow, red and very slightly explanate, with spiracles somewhat prominent Spilocrypti4S.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 273 and the post-petiole longer than broad ; terebra one-third of the length of the abdomen. Legs with hind femora red, apically black ; S with anterior coxae and trochanters white, black -spotted and the hind ones black, also with base of tibiae, sometimes an obsolete spot beneath the hind trochanters and the hind tarsal band, white, its anterior tibiae and femora fulvous ; of 9 with anterior tibiae and femora red and black-lined, the hind coxae red and black-marked, and the base of the tibiae white. Wings hyaline ; areolet pentagonal, broad above ; nervelet wanting, ner- vellus intercepted far below its centre ; tegulae and radix white, former in 9 black. Length, 9-10 mm. The ? may be known from that of .V. vti}:;rator by its more elongate form, narrower basal segment, unclouded wings, etc. The cheeks are sub-intumescent, epistoma prominent, clyj)eus very flat and on the same plane as the face, with its apical fovea as in .V. incubilor, the antennae are exactly filiform with the two basal flagellar joints of equal length, the metanotum uniformly convex, petiolar area small, the scutellum flat and apically narrowed and diffusely punctate, and the abdomen is more rounded laterally than is that of S. iucubitor. The 9 has the basal seg- ment somewhat narrow and slightly curved apically, the post-petiole not twice broader than the petiole and as long as broad, with its apical angles acute and the apical margin deeply emarginate laterally, without carinae or sulci. The $ has the basal segment narrow, slightly explanate apically with sub-prominent tubercles, its post-petiole scarcely longer than broad with the sides curved, as in the female. Ratzeburg, whose C. incubitor appertains to this species, says it is extra- ordinarily similar to S. migrator, though somewhat more slender, with the metathorax only feebly rugose-punctate and nitidulous before the basal transverse costa. This species is also extremely closely allied with S. incubitor, from which it may be distinguished by the points enumerated under the latter, but its exclusive parasitism upon Tentliredinidae is very noticeable. In January, 1898, I found four or five cocoons of Trichiosoma tibialis. Leach, on whitethorn at Westerfield, near Ipswich, all of which contained empty cocoons of C. df?ibicis. From a batch of the host's cocoons from Sudbury, Suffolk, one crippled ,$ emerged at 11-30 p.m. on June 30th, 1899 ; a second before 9 a.m. the next morning, and three more at 3-10 in the afternoon ; a sixth ,^ emerged on the 3rd July, and a seventh, with the only ? , on the 5th ; twelve more S 3 emerged before 4 p.m. on the 7th. Among eleven of the host's cocoons, found at Ipswich on 23rd February, 1900, was one containing fifteen or twenty old cocoons of the parasite, together with the host larva's skin, but with no trace of its pupa, pointing to the conclusion that they emerge from the host's larva shortly after it has constructed its cocoon. Inside each parasite's cocoon was the larva skin, forming a dark mass at the extremity opposite to that through which it had emerged. The parasite's cocoons are rather flimsy, dirty white, 8 mm. in ^•^oxyaLJthl!*" length, nearly 3 mm. in breadth, and often interwoven ujKJn each other. In one cocoon was a dead 9 with the petiole bent back ujwn the metanotum and the a])iccs of all the femora contracted on to the thorax, with their tibiae pressi-d closely to them. The parasite had emerged through three distinct orifices in the Trichiosoma cocoon. T 274 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \Spilocrypius. Mr. Ransom sent me twenty-one cocoons of the same host from Sudbury in March, 1900, and of these eight contained living larvae of C. cimhicis in their own cocoons ; one, pupae of a Chalcid ; three, TricJiiosoinae which had died after shedding the larval skin, leaving only nine healthy insects, a very small proportion. The larva of C. cimbicis is soft, fleshy, without setae, and entirely pale primrose, without any markings whatever ; the lateral border is well defined. There are twelve segments (not 13 or 14 as figured by Westwood, Mod. Intro, ii. p. 140, fig. 76), a rather darker sub-cutaneous very narrow dorsal line, and a conspicuous dark sub-cutaneous cloud occupying the centre of the back. Between this dark ground-work and the skin are numerous large whitish and dull bodies at irregular intervals, surrounded by innumerable circular granules, which appear to pretty evenly occupy the whole of the sub-cutaneous area throughout the insect. At first I could detect no distinct head ; later the larva moved and I found it possessed of a well developed, retractile head with large eyes, clypeus and a powerful pair of bifid mandibles, all of which are outlined with ferrugineous colouring. The larva is 6 mm. in length. Its cocoon is quadrilateral, divided from each other by an extremely fine papyraceous fabric, and is i\ mm. in length. This dividing partition is doubtless a prevention against epidemics, since in one cell I found a dead and mouldy larva with quite healthy ones in the adjoining cells. The Chalcid pupae are of interest to us as being, very probably, hyper- parasitic upon C. cimhicis. They are entirely orange, with a distinct central furrow on the face, and sanguineous between the apices of the mandibles. All the limbs, etc., are quite visible, being packed away upon the breast. These pupae were in no cocoon of their own manufacture, but loosely falling about inside those of the Trichiosomae, and they fell out at once upon the latter being opened ; only one was attached, perhaps accidentally, to a dead, mouldy, and shrivelled lyichioso/iia larva, whence they had all emerged. In all there were ten of these pupae, which appeared quite rigid and immovable ; some had a long anal appendage, some had not. This cannot be a terebra, and consequently I am inclined to think them some species of Fteromahis rather than the same as Ratzeburg's Tory/iius. The imagines began to emerge on 21st May following, but they were unfortunately crushed by the Continental post. Of the eight cocoons of Trichiosoma tibialis containing C. cimbicis., sent by Mr. Ransom, I discovered on 23rd May that one contained a C. cimbicis cocoon, which was inhabited by seven hyperparasitic larvae. These last obviously pertained to a species of Pteromahis, since they exactly agree with that figured by Marshall in the E.M.M. 1895, p. 253, excepting only that they are somewhat more cylindrical and the segmentation is quite distinct. They are pale chocolate colour with the apical extremity nearly colourless and a greater sub-cutaneous density, arising probably from the alimentary canal. In the cocoon was also the larva oi cimbicis, reduced to a very small and shapeless mass of a deep brown colour. The Chalcid larvae varied greatly in size, some being 2\ mm. in length, and some only \\ mm. These larvae cannot, I think, belong to the same species as the above Chalcid pupae, since the latter occupied the whole interior of the Trichiosoma cocoon, and these larvae occupied only one cimbicis cocoon, the surrounding cocoons containing healthy parasite larvae. Westwood Sj>ilocryp/us.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 275 (Introd. ii. 99) says he bred both the parasite and sj^eciniens " of one of the Pteromalidae " from a single cocoon. It is interesting to note that the host emerges between the loth and 27th of April, and the Cryptid (as also in the case of Afesosfertiis obnoxiits), very much later, sometimes not till the second week in July, when the host's larvae may be supposed to be in a fit condition for oviposition ; what Bignell records as C. mii:;raior, emerging in Devon at the end of May, is, however, evidently the present species. It is a common species, occurring probably wherever its host is found ; I have also specimens from Felden and Stowmarket bred from Trichiosoma tibialis. Fred. Smith mentioned at a Meeting of the Ent. Soc, 7th March, 1842, that he had reared the same species of Cryp/i/s, doubtless ciinbicis, from both Trichiosoma liicorum ( = ? tibialis) and Epipone levipes ; this is the only record from Aculcates, and I am certainly of opinion that some error must have crept into Bignell's record of it, l)red by Dr. Mason from Thecla W-album (Buckler's Larvae, ix. Appendix). Cameron, in Brit. Phyt. Hym., records it as parasitic upon Trichiosoma beiiileti {= tibialis), on T. liicorum, Lin., and on Cimbex sylvarum, Fab. There are females in the Hastings Museum ; Bridgman bred it from T. betuleti at Norwich ; Bignell captured it early in July ; and Harwood records it from Essex ; Beathe has bred it at Mickleham, in June. The Cry plus is sometimes destroyed by Hemiteles area tor ; on April 12th, I have bred a female of the latter species from a cocoon of Trichiosoma which was then filled with the Cryptus larvae ; it emerged through a roughly circular hole, exactly one millimetre in diameter, low down in the side of the cocoon. Herr Graff bred S. cimbicis, in May, in Germany, from the Cimbex variabilis with Hemiteles dispar, Pezomachus cursitans and Torymus obso- letiis, which last was hyperparasitic upon the Cry[)tid, and three years later he sent the cocoon from which the above had emerged to Ratzeburg, who was able to prove that examples of C. cimbicis were still emerging. Both sexes are recorded from Clavellaria amerinae and a species of Trichiosoma, and the female from Citiibex variabilis, by Tschek. W'^estwood (Trans. Ent. Soc. 3rd series, i. p. Ixxxvii) bred it from a cocoon which had pre- viously produced the perfect Trichiosoina ; and Bridgman (Entom. 1878, p. 35) says four " Cryptus migrator" and the perfect Trichiosoma emerged. 3. migrator, Fab. Iihiieiiniou niif^rator. Fab. S. E. 334, 9 . /■ teiicorhaeus, Don. B. I. xiv. pi. 476, fig. I, 9. Cry/'tin init^ralor, (Jr. I. I'",, ii. 592, excl. i et varr. 5, 9 ; cf. i. .Sup|4. 705 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 291 ; Ralz. Ichn. d. Forst. i. 145 ; ii. 123 ; iii. 13S; Tasch. Zcils. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 102, { i part) 9 ; ( "cc Tschek). C. hoiiihyris, Houdier, Ann. .Soc. Fr. 1836, p. 357 (econ.). SpilocrypUis mii^ralor, Thonis. O. E. v. 502 et xxi. 2366, i 9. Var. Crypitis fumipennis, var. 2, Gr. I. K ii. 603. 6 ■ Var. hrachypt , C. bmiptPiiiis, Desv. E. M.M. iii 190, 9 ; (?) Spilocryptiis brcvipennis, Kriech. Ent. Nachr. 1893, p. 54, 9. (?) Pezomactiiis alierrans, (Jrav. I. E. Suppl. 714, 9. Head black with cheeks sub-buccate ; internal orbits white, generally obsoletely in 9 > which has the clypeus discretcd, apically sub-truncate with the epistoma prominent ; S with a mandibular and a clypeal mark also white. Antennae of 9 white-banded and basal flagellar joints entirely ferrugineous, with the first at least thrice longer than broad. Mesonotum nitidulous and not very closely punctate ; metathorax of 9 moderately rugose, both transverse costae bisinuate and centrally obsolete, with the I 2 276 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Sj>ilocrypfns. apophyses normal ; spiracles small and sub-circular ; pronotum of $ white. Scutellum black, of cj usually white. Al)domcn of 9 broader than thorax and ovate, of $ narrower ; red, with base of first, sometimes apex of fourth and whole of following segments black, except the last or last two, which are dorsally white ; basal segment of ? slightly curved laterally and parallel-sided from the spiracles, dorsally flat and gIal)rous ; posi -petiole transversely sub-quadrate, of S longer and of ? shorter than broad ; thyridii transverse, second segment of ? closely punctate ; terebra about lialf the length of the abdomen. Legs somewhat stout, red ; all the coxae and the hind legs black, with tibiae basally white-banded ; $ with hind femora, except apically, red. Wings somewhat clouded, discally darker in 9 ; tegulae of S and radix white ; nervelet sub-obsolete, areolet parallel- sided ; nervellus intercepted obviously below its centre. Length, 9-1 2 mm. Tiiis species is very similar to the preceding, but the post-petiole is shorter ; the $ has the cheeks sub-buccate, the clypeus more strongly and sparsely punctate, the metathorax more rugose with the apophyses a little stouter ; its abdomen is shorter with the basal segment broader, centrally elevated with more distinct carinae, the terebra more shortly hastate and the hind femora stouter ; the white markings of the c^ are less extensive, its hind femora are black beneath, and the abdomen is rather broader with the post-petiole quadrate. From the following, with which it agrees in its stout body and legs, this species may be distinguished by the ? hind legs having the trochanterellus and tibiae internally red, with their femora black at the apex, and the S epistoma not white. The male varies in having the scutellum and tegulae black or white or white-marked, the hind femora apically and sometimes also at the base or beneath black, and the anus with one, two or three white marks. The variety fumipennis has the femora entirely black, with the front knees red and the tibial white band not entire. In 1866, Marshall thought Desvignes' variety brevipennis referable to itiaihitor, but in his 1872 Catalogue it is referred to the present species, because the apophyses are of normal length. The wings are only about as long as the head and thorax, and perfectly symmetrical, broad and truncate at the apex, slightly emarginate centrally, with the radial cell much shortened and widened, the costal nervure failing at and beyond the stigma ; the three cubital cells are visible, the third being rudimentary ; none of the nervures reach the margin, and the central fascia is interrupted by three hyaline spots, one of which is on the inner nervure of the first cubital cell. The hinder wings, with their nervures and cells, are similarly and proportionately abbreviated. This would appear to be identical with Pezomachus aberrans, Grav., though in a more fully developed form.^ M. Boudier's " Observations sur les habitudes de larves d'Ichneumons vivant aux depens de la chenille du Bombix du chene " are most interest- ing, but he fails to say more than the larvae are " molles et munies de sugoirs qui devoiraient cette malheureuse chenille, avec ce stoicisme que tout etre vivant exerce quand il s'agit d'un sine qua non." He bred ten males and four females from Bombyx quercus^ but his figures of both sexes, 1 The insect doing duty for P. aberrans in the National Collection is much larger than the length indicated by Gravenhorst (i^ lines', but is certainly referable to the present genus and identical with an example given me by Whittle, which was bred at Locarno towards the end of May, from Hsyche opaceilri, H.S. S/>i/ocnpfus.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 277 at plate viii., with details, look more like G. lilillator tluin tlie present species, having the areolet very large and the notauli conspicuous. The larva figured has a distinct, corniforni projection on either side of the head, which is foveate between them ; the spiracles distinct and the lateral lobes sub-obsolete ; it has thirteen segments, and the cocoon figured shows the larva skin pushed to one end and the parasite's chrysalis irregularly occupy- ing the remainder, the imagines having emerged through two lateral holes. This is a common IJritish species, and has several times been bred from the above host, whence Iiignell raised eleven males and only one female, and twelve males alone from B. trifolii ; it also [ireys upon B. ruin (Buckler), Macroglossa ste/Iatari/i/i, Centra vinu/a, and Cimbcx lucorum, L. (Marshall), Euchelia jacobaeae (Enlom. 1881, p. 139), Zygaena filipendiilae. Psyche unicolor and P. viciella (Brischke) ; and in addition it is said to have been bred from Lasiocampa pini, Dicranura bifida, D. erminea, Plusia moneta. Psyche aira, Chalicodoma Juuraria, Hylotoma rosaruiii, and Eristalis sepitlchralis (Entom. 1S83, p. 36). Hope sent the female to Gravenhorst from Netley ; Stephens says it was abundant about London, in June and July, as well as in Shropshire ; it has been found to be common in Norfolk, at St. Issey in Cornwall, Land's End, (luestling and Hastings, Essex ; and Bairstow took it in Grimescar Wood near Hudders- field, and bred it from some Geometer. I possess both sexes taken by Miss Chawner at Lyndhurst, and bred together by Routledge near Carlisle ; and have swept the male, which Wilson Saunders took at Greenings, in ^^'icken Fen, in June. The variety brevipennis is rarer than the type form. Luff has found it in Guernsey, and I possess another taken by Bloomfield at Guestling, in 1891. 4. fumipennis, Grav. Cryptus futnipennis, Gr. I. E. ii. 601, excl. var. 2 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 103, i 9 . Var. C. migrator, var 9, Gr. I. E. ii. 598 ; C. fiiniipeimis, Tschek, Verb, z. -b. Ges. 1870, p. 133, S. Spilocryptits fuiiiipeiiiiis. Thorns. O. E. v. 503 et xxi. 2366, (5 ? . Head black, cheeks buccate ; of c^ strongly and straightly narrowed posteriorly, with palpi, a mandibular mark, clypeus, internal orJMts and sometimes a bifid facial mark, white. Antennae of $ with scape beneath, of 9 with central flagellar joints, white. Mesonotum nitidulous and not very closely punctate ; peliolar area obsolete ; spiracles small and sub- circular. Scutellum (excepting in var.) black. Abdomen black, with second, third, apex of first and, at least in $ which is broadest at apex of second segment, base of fourth, red ; seventh dorsally white ; post-petiole of 9 sub-transverse, of $ elongate, only slightly explanate and convex, glabrous with apical angles obtuse, its apex red with the extreme margin white ; terebra rather shorter than abdomen. Legs black ; anterior with femora, tibiae and tarsi red ; of c? with tibiae basally, and coxae and tro- chanters beneath, white ; hind ones with femora, except at apices, red in 9, black with extreme base white in (^ , tibiae basally white-banded and, in $ , marks beneath the trochanters, the calcaria and central tarsal joints also white. Wings centrally a little clouded; radix and, in f^ , tegulae white, latter in ^ black ; aref)kt parallel -sided ; nervellus intercepted obviously below centre. Length, 9-10 mm. 278 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Spilocrypius. The male sometimes has the scape immaculate, a white dot beneath the radix, the coxae and trochanters immaculate, and the base of the anterior femora is usually black. It is very like ^S". ////Vnz/^r, but a little smaller ; the cheeks are buccate and the head somewhat narrowed behind the eyes, the female post petiole is less transverse and its carinae are a little elevated, the second segment is more closely and much more finely punctate, the epistoma is less pro- minent, the terebra is consideral)ly longer and its hind femora are apically more broadly, with the trochanterellus entirely black ; the white coloration of the male is less profuse. The male variety migrator has a dot on the scutellum, generally the post-scutellum and sometimes the pronotum anteriorly, and dots on the metathorax, white. ^. fumipeiinis is not uncommon throughout northern and central Europe in May and June, but it has been much overlooked in Britain, whence it was first recorded by Desvignes in 1856. Perkins bred five males and three females at Wotton-under-Edge from cocoons of Zygaena finpendulae, which he had collected just twelve months before (Entom. 1880, p. 69), and Bridgman from Saturnia carpitii (I. c. 1881, p. 139) ; on the Continent Tschek records it from Psyche viciella and Laboulbene from Zygaefia laeta. Chapman has given me both sexes, bred from Psychids at Locarno ; and Miss Chawner the only British specimen I have seen, from the New Forest, 5. abbre viator, Fab. Ichneumon ahbreviator. Fab. E. S. Suppl. 222 (iiec Panz.). Pezomachns ahbreviaior, Gr. I. E. ii. 878. Agtvthereutes ahbreviator, Forst. Wiegm. Arch. 1850, p. 81 (form typ.) ; Voll. Schets. i. pi. iii. fig. 17 ; I'inac. pi. xxxvii. fig. 3, $. Cryptiis tihiator, Gr. I. E. ii. 539 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 93, {, (form typ.). C. pygoleiicus, Gr. I. E. ii. 540 (excl. var. i. Suppl. 702) ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 286 ; Tasch. Zeit.s. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 103 (excl. var. i) ; Voll. Pinac. pi. xli. fig. 7, c? . C. iiicubitor, Tschek, Verh. z.-b. Ges. 1870, p. 415, nbii:[i/(ina, Psyche viciella and /"*. interinediella, while of abbreviator he found but a 1 I can. however, find no stniclural difference upon whicli to found a distinct species, as authors have for so long been in ilie liabit of doin^. Schniicdckneclit still (1904) cunsi>lers it the typical female of 5. pygoleucus, Grav., and gives abbreviator as distinct, with " J unbekanut." 28o BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \Spilocr\pliis. single specimen at Mousehold in August ; and in his collection at Norwich is the pair bred together by Fletcher on April 25th, 18S4. It has been found at Maldon by Fitch, Botusfleming and Lee by Marshall, near London and in Salop by Stephens, on the goat-field in the Isle of Arran by Curtis, both sexes at Land's End by Marquand, and by Chitty in Oxfordshire, Yorkshire and Charing in Kent. Capron has caught the male at Shere, W. Saunders at Greenings in Surrey, and early in August I have netted it at Hursthill in the New Forest, and on Fennel flowers at Dunwich in June. Hopei has been sent to me from Dover by Sladen, Ivybridge by S. Edwards, Hastings and Peppering by Esam, Stroud in June by Bradley, Scotland by ^Vilson ; Dale says it is rare at Glanvilles Wootton ; and I possess specimens from Greenings, Felden, Knowie (W. Ellis), New Forest in August (S. Kemp), and have taken it under sods in Wicken Fen in June, in moss at Ipswich, and in the Bentley Woods in the autumn. My typical female appears much rarer with us ; Chitty has found it near Reading, associating with Formica sanguinea, and Donisthorpe has sent it to me from Wicken Fen in September. The male has been bred from Boinbyx neusiria, Dicra?iiira bifida, Psyche viciella and Lophyrus pini or similis (Ent. 1883, p. 36); and the female from Psyche fusca and P. viciella. It has no connection with Hemi7nachus albipetinis, as suggested by Brischke. I have seen a female, taken by Evans at Cockburnhill in Midlothian, with no white central flagellar band. 6. adustus, Grav. Cryptus adtistiis, Gr. I. E. ii. 513, ? ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 94, (5 9. (?) C. opisoleticus, Gr. I E. ii. 522, i . Spilocryptus adustus. Thorns. O. E. v. 507 et xxi. 2369, 9 . Var. C. alholineatus, Gr. I. E. ii. 525, i . 9 . Head with internal orbits narrowly white and epistoma sub-promi- nent ; cheeks sub-buccate ; clypeus a little convex, indistinctly discreted and apically depressed. Antennae filiform, centrally white, not tricoloured. Thorax with pronotum white ; metathorax somewhat coarsely rugose, with spiracles large and oval ; apophyses stout and sub-acute ; mesonotum somewhat closely punctate and nitidulous. Scutellum apically, and post- scutellum transversely, white. Abdomen as broad as thorax, short and ovate ; black with the four basal segments, except petiole and sides of the fourth, dark red ; sixth and seventh white-marked ; basal segment deplanate, strongly explanate and laterally curved, with not very prominent spiracles and the carinae extending to beyond its centre ; post-petiole transverse, dorsally glabrous and nitidulous, with a few deep and isolated punctures, and laterally punctate ; second and third segments shining and sub-glabrous ; terebra less than half the length of the abdomen, with its spicula obtuse and hastate. Legs black, with tibiae sub-spinulose and not white-banded ; front femora apically broadly red ; anterior tibiae dull stramineous and not inflated ; hind femora beneath, and their tibiae internally towards the base, red. Wings distinctly clouded at the apex, the disc with an infuscate fascia ; nervelet short, areolet sub-quadrate ; radix and tegulae black ; nervellus nearly opposite and intercepted below the centre. Length, 8-12 mm. c?. Head with palpi, internal orbits, and a spot on the apically sub- bidentate clypeus, white. Antennae immaculate. Thorax black with Spi/ocryptus.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 281 proiiotiim, dots beneath the radix and two marks on the nietathorax, white ; apophyses weaker than those of the 9 • Scutellum a[)ically, and sometimes the post-scutellum, white. Abdomen narrower than the tliorax, parallel-sided ; red, with the seventh segment, and the first except its apex black, and the anus not white-marked ; basal segment narrower and more closely punctate than that of ? . Legs black ; anterior femora internally, and the hind ones except at the ai)ex, red ; anterior tibiae internally stra- mineous, the hind ones internally towards the base, ferrugineous ; hind tarsi centrally white and the intermediate pale. Wrings not clouded, radix and tegulae dull stramineous ; areolet quadrate. Length, 9 mm. I describe the sexes separately, since very great doubt appears to exist as to whether Taschenberg were justified in uniting opisoleucus with adustus ; more especially is this the case, as Thomson points out, on account of the immaculate anus and so-described bidentate clypeus of the (^ , the latter being a feature which is found in no true Crypiides ; this affinity is, how- ever, unconditionally accepted by Schmiedeknecht. The variety albolineatus differs in having the thorax and post-scutellum immaculate, the sixth segment sometimes infuscate, and the hind femora entirely black. Marshall introduced this species as British in his 1870 Catalogue, and its distribution through northern and central Europe lends probability to its occurrence, but I have heard of no captures, and seen no specimens of it. In Germany it has been bred from Lophynis pallidus, L. pini and perhaps also from L. siiiii/is. 7. nubeculatus, Grav. Cryptus mihectdatus, Gr. I. E. ii. 61 1, e.xcl. var. 2, ?; Ste. III. M. vii. 293, 6 9; Ratz Ichn. d. Forst. i. 143 ; Tschek, Verh. z.-b. Ges. 1870, p. 408, 9 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 96, 6. C. grossns, Gr. I. E. ii. 614, 9- Sjtus grossits, Thorns. O. E. v. 508, 9 et xxi. 2369, i 9 • Head nitidulous with grey pubescence ; face of S not prominent ; internal orbits very narrowly pale ; clypeus indistinctly discreted, sub- deplanate, apically depressed and sub-rotund ; cheeks elongate ; frons deplanate with an obsolete central carina and determinate scrobes. An- tennae of S immaculate and setaceous ; of $ filiform with the joints short, the central ones white above and the scape sometimes rufescent beneath. Thorax shining with grey pubescence, immaculate ; mesonotum finely and not closely punctate ; metathorax coarsely and rugosely punc- tate, with coxal area distinct, nearly complete, and both transverse costae distinct ; apophyses acute, weaker in ^ ; spiracles large and oval. Scu- tellum black. Abdomen densely and finely punctate ; of $ hardly narrower than thorax and oval, of ? as broad as thorax and short-ovate, becoming incrassate towards anus ; red, with the petiole and four apical segments black, of which the sixth and seventh have whitish margins ; fourth of (J sometimes entirely, generally partly, red ; post-petiole glabrous and nitidulous, laterally punctate, of c? quadrate and isolatedly punctured, of 9 somewhat transverse, sub-convex, apically curved and explanute laterally ; terebra half the length of the abdomen. Legs black ; coxae and trochanters sometimes castaneous-marked ; front femora beneath, and tibiae mainly, testaceous ; intermediate tibiae, especially in $ , internally 282 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Spi/oaypius. testaceous ; hind femora and generally tibiae of $ basally castaneous or ferrugineous, not white. Wings clouded, of ? with a darker cloud beneath the stigma ; ^ areolet sub-quadrate and nervelet indicated ; tegulae and radix black ; areolet only very slightly convergent above ; nervellus nearly opposite, interce[)ted below the centre Length, 812 mm. C. grossus appears to differ only in the shorter and more numerous antennal joints ; Schmiedeknecht, however, considers it distinct on account of the sub-hyaline wings and shorter terebra. The colour and conformation of the abdomen of grossus is very similar to that of .S". adi/sli/s, but the head is more strongly declived behind the eyes, the cheeks much longer and sub-compressed, the mesonotum sparsely punc- tate, with the scutellar foveae deep and striolate, metathorax short and basally smooth, the tibiae hardly spinulose, and the post-annellus a little longer than the scape. The nearly complete coxal areae allies this species with Hoplocryptus^ but the nearly rounded and mutic clypeus, short metathorax, and the con- formation of the abdomen, will distinguish it ; the large spiracles, distinct coxal areae and broad $ abdomen, resembling Idiolispa, will render it distinct among its congeners. Stephens records this species as rare in June about London, and Dale as very rare at Glanvilles Wootton in Dorset. On the Continent it has been bred by van Vollenhoven from Lophyriis catoca/us, and by Brischke from Z. pint and Psyche viciella ; the latter also reared it hyperparasitically from a species of Exetasfes, which is a genus of the Tryphoninae (cf. Mori. E.M.M. 1903, pp. 157-164). 8. amoenus, Grav. Crypliis ainoeiius, Gr. I. E. ii. 623; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 100, 9; Bridg. Entom. 1879, p. 55, 6 . Head black with white palpi, clypeus strongly discreted and epistoma sub-prominent. Antennae bicoloured, centrally white in both sexes ; basal flagellar joint four times longer than broad. Thorax and scutellum im- maculate ; metathorax coarsely rugose, with l)oth transverse costae entire, the basal being curved and the apical centrally straight ; apophyses want- ing, spiracles small and ovate. Abdomen ovate, as broad as the thorax, smooth ; three basal segments red, the following black ; with white fasciae, obsolete or wanting in $, on the sixth and seventh; basal segment strongly curved laterally, dorsally flat and nitidulous, with hardly visible spiracles ; post-petiole shining, canaliculate and rather longer than broad ; terebra less than half the length of the abdomen. Legs somewhat slender, pale red ; apices of the hind tibiae and femora black, their tarsi white with black claws ; ^ diff'ers in having the anterior coxae and trochanters white, hind coxae black, with pale apices and the hind trochanters red with a black dorsal spot. Wings somewhat clouded ; areolet sub-quadrate and nervelet wanting ; radix testaceous, tegulae infuscate or red. Length, 10^ mm. The specimens of this species in the Bridgman collection in the Norwich Museum are very similar to those of S. cimbicis and G. ortiali/s, but the antennae of the c? are centrally white-banded, and the ? has the Spilocryptus\ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 283 tarsi, which are red in G. ornafi/s, mainly white and, unlike .S". cimbici<;, no white band at the base of the tibiae. The discovery of the $ has been overlooked on the Continent ; I possess one of the original specimens of this sex from Dr. Capron's collection. This species was added to the British fauna by Brids^man (loc. cif.), on the strength of specimens of both se.xes bred in Norfolk by Laddiman. The Continental authors appear to be in some doubt concerning its sys- tematic position, and record it only from the vicinity of Dresden. I possess two females taken by Miss Chawner and myself in the New Forest in August, which differ from the above description in having the tibiae broadly white basally, with the basal half of the first joint and extreme bases of the following joints of the black tarsi concolorous. GAMBRUS, Fofster. Forst. Verb. z.-b. Ges. 1S68, p. 188 ; Thorns. O. E. xxi. 2374. Head and mesonotum dull and entirely black in both sexes ; clypeus very often apically produced or spinose. Metathoracic spiracles circular. Abdomen with anus white-marked ; petiolar spiracles only just behind centre ; post-petiole of S usually margined laterally. Tibiae with no basal white band ; tarsal claws stout, not large, and shorter than second joint. Areolet large and parallel-sided ; nervelet wanting ; nervellus intercepted in its centre. Thomson's three new species should, probably, also occur with us, though the sixth one of the European fauna is alpine and, with C. leuco- proctus, Gray., doubtfully referred to this genus, cannot be looked for here. I. tricolor, Gmv. Crypius tricolor, Gr. I. E. ii. 514, 9 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 100 (part). Spilocryptus tricolor, Thoms. O. E. v. 506, i iii:;ripes, are tentatively placed with them l)y Schmiedeknecht. All the IJriti^h kinds would appear to occur but sparingly with us. (6). (3). I. 2 (2). 3- (5). 4- (4). 5- (I), (lo). 6. 7. (9). 8. (8). 9- (7). lO. 286 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \Hoplocryptus. Table of Species. INIetatlioracic spiracles oval or elongate. Abdomen not distinctly red, hind femora black ; $ face immaculate i. HICINGULATUS, Grav. Abdomen basally, and hind femora, red ; $ face white-marked. Post-petiole very dilated ; areolet emit- ting rectangular nervure before centre 2. CONFECTOR, Grav. Post-petiole hardly dilated ; areolet emitting rectangular nervure from centre... 3. FUGiTivus, Grav. Metathoracic spiracles small and circular. Second segment finely punctate ; femora red. Abdomen centrally red ; anus white ; face immaculate 5. SUI'.CINCTUS, Grav. Abdomen basally red ; anus of $ im- maculate, its face white 6. DUiilus, Tasch. Second segment coarsely punctate ; femora black 4. NIGRIPES, Grav. I. bicingulatus, Grav. Cryptits bicingidatus, Gr. I. E. ii. 482 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865. p. "jo, i \ cf. Thorns. O. E. xxi. 2371. (?) C. aterrimus, Gr. I. E. ii. 472 ; Tasch Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 72, ? . c?. Slender and narrow. Head with palpi and clypeus white or latter white-marked, and discreted, deeply emarginate laterally and centrally sub-dentate ; epistoma not prominent. Antennae slender and filiform. Thorax cylindrical ; metathorax finely alutaceous, with basal transverse costa alone distinct, the apical one and the apophyses wanting. Scutellum with an apical dot or transverse line white. Abdomen half narrower than thorax, cylindrical, basal segment sub-linear, hardly explanate, sub-claviform, with no tubercles ; post-petiole slightly explanate ; apical margins of the first three segments castaneous, the seventh apically white. Legs elongate, slender ; either with coxae black, anterior trochanters white-marked, anterior femora red with their bases and two longitudinal lines black, hind ones black, tibiae stramineous with hind ones centrally ferrugineous and the black hind tarsi centrally white ; or black, with anterior femora apically stramineous, anterior tibiae testaceous and externally infuscate, and the black hind tibiae centrally, together with apex of the metatarsus, white. Wings with radix stramineous, tegulae entirely or partly white ; areolet quadrate or sub-pentagonal, and nervelet wanting. Length, 9-12 mm. Thomson says this little known species certainly belongs to the present genus. Schmiedeknecht differentiates it from all other Hoplocrypti by : — Areolet emitting recurrent nervure evidently before the centre ; face entirely black, only clypeus white ; apex of scutellum and hind tarsi white ; abdomen and legs mainly black. 9 . Head black ; epistoma not prominent. Antennae with joints seven to eleven laterally white. Thorax immaculate ; metathorax with the basal transverse costa entire, slightly curved throughout and some distance from the base, the apical indistinct and low on declivity, rendering the petiolar area short ; basal area basally convergent ; apophyses small and acute, Hoplocryptus.\ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 287 spiracles elongate. Scutellum black. Abdomen black, with whole of the seventh and an apical dot on the sixth segment, white. Legs black ; anterior with the apices of the femora, tibiae internally and apices of the tarsal joints, testaceous ; intermediate tibiae darker. Wings slightly clouded ; areolet quadrate, tegulae infuscate, radi.\ ferrugineous, nervelet wanting. Length, 11 mm. That C. aterrimus is the female of H. hicingtdatus was queried by Gravenhorst, and I tentatively here treat it as such, simply on account of the similarity of conformation, and more especially of the quadrate areolet, which excludes it from the genus Cryptus as herein restricted. Cnpius l)iii>i}^n/ati/s was first recorded from Britain in Marshall's 1872 Catalogue, but I have heard of no actual records, and the Continental authors seem to have recently quite ignored it in their revised classifica- tions. C. aterrimus is recorded as British in the 1870 Catalogus, but no more appears to be known of it. I possess a single male taken by Adams at Lyndhurst, in the New Forest, at the end of June, 1902. It is extremely probable that all previous mentions of this species as British refer to the male of Aritranis signaiorii/s, since the male standing under Cryptus bicingulatus in Marshall's collection in the British Museum is certainly referable to the latter species. 2. confector, Gmv. Cryptus coufeclor, Gr. I. E. ii. 518: Ste. 111. M. vii, 2S4 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 95, 9 ; Tschek. Verb. z.-b. Ges. 1870, p. 143, i/li), trouvees au pied des peupliers dans les environs de Paris." 4. nigripes, Grav. Cryptus nigripes, Gr. I. E. ii. 523 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 96, (J ? . Head immaculate ; face coarsely punctate and not centrally prominent ; clypeus coarsely punctate, centrally dentate apically, not discreted, with basal foveae distinct. Antennae of $ with joints somewhat short, the eighth to tenth white above ; of $ black. Thorax immaculate ; meta- thorax closely and deeply punctate; transverse costae entire in c?, in ? the basal centrally obsolete and the apical inconspicuous ; petiolar area basally produced in (? centrally; spiracles sub-circular. Scutellum apically or entirely white. Abdomen black, with segments two to four entirely, in i base and margin of fifth, in $ apex of first, rufescent ; 9 witb seventh segment dorsally white and the third to sixth ventrally prominent ; petiole laterally curved, with normal tubercles and sub-obsolete carinae ; post- petiole laterally straight, dorsally convex, of ? with deep and elongate punctures, of 1^ sub-glabrous ; second segment unusually coarsely punc- tate ; terebra longer than half abdomen. Legs black, anterior tarsi, tibiae and apices of their femora, ferrugineous ; front tibiae of $ internally flavous ; hind legs not incrassate, their tarsi immaculate. Wings a little clouded ; areolet quadrate, nervelet wanting ; tegulae black, radix of $ dark ferrugineous, of 9 testaceous. Length, 9 mm. No mention of this species is made in Thomson's Opuscula, or in Schmiedeknecht's paper on Cryptus, but in his Opus. Ichn. the latter places it doublhilly in the present genus. Taschenberg's description leads one to suppose all Ujiigitudinal metalhnracic costae to be wanting, and, among the Cry/y/iiii, its quadrate areolet, dentate clypeus, and absent nervelet appear to place it in IJoplocrypliis. Gravenhorst points out that the female is similar to C. a//eii(orii/s, differing principally in the shape of the areolet. The single female doing duty for this exclusively Italian si)ecies in the British Museum, and upon the strength of which, iierhajts, 1 )csvigncs in- troduced it as liritish, is referable to //nlirocrypfi/s bnxchyuriis, and appears to be from Curtis' collection. It is not, however, typical, but has the U 2gO BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Ifop/ocrypius. scutellum apically pale, the head immaculate, segments two to four suddenly red, and femora black, as in C. ?iigripes : but the head is strongly transverse, the hind tarsi have the second joint wliitish, and the tibiae are uniformly infuscate. I know of no further reference to this species as British, and its right to inclusion in our fauna is extremely doubtful. 5. subcinctus, Grav. Cryptiis siihciiictus, Gr. I. E. i. Suppl. 703 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 287 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Ncit. 1865, p. loi, S . Head immaculate ; clypeus discreted and centrally dentate. Antennae slender, filiform and rather shorter than the body. Thorax black ; meta- thorax coarsely rugose, with both transverse costae distinct and far apart ; apophyses obsolete. Scutellum with an apical white dot. Abdomen nearly half narrower than thorax, black ; third segment red, with a central infuscate fascia, the seventh dorsally white-marked ; basal segment some- what broad, with sub-central tubercles ; post-petiole deplanate, a little longer than broad, basally broader than the petiole, and, like the gradually dilated second segment, very finely and closely punctate. Legs slender, red ; coxae, trochanters, hind tarsi and apices of their femora and tibiae, black. Wings somewhat clouded ; areolet sub-quadrate, nervelet wanting ; radix stramineous, tegulae nigrescent. Length, 8 mm. The notes upon the position of the last species are also applicable to this male, which is placed by Gravenhorst between Microcryptus leucosticius and Spilocryptus abbreviator^ from which he says it differs in the strongly linear basal segment, shorter and broader petiole and less convex post- petiole. This species was described from an example taken by Hope at Netley in Shropshire. Stephens records it from about London, in 1835 ; and Bridgman so named a specimen taken by Marquand in the Land's End district, in 1884. 6. dubius, Tasch. Cryptiis diihiiis, Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 99, ? . Hoplocryptiis diihiiis. Thorns. O. E. v. 510, c5 ? . Crypttts a/bus, Tasch. Zeils. Ges. Nat. 1865, p 97, c5 ; (/■ Brisch. Schr. Nat. Danz. 1879, p. 336. Head black ; of $ with clypeus centrally emarginate and epistoma deplanate ; with face, a large genal and mandibular mark, and the palpi, white. Antennae of ? bicoloured, with the three central joints white and the basal flagellar at least four times longer than broad ; of S nearly as long as the body, with the scape white beneath. Thorax black; basal meta- thoracic transverse costa entire though fine and the apical one obsolete ; spiracles small and sub-circular. Scutellum of $ white, of $ black with its apex or apical half white. Abdomen black, with the three basal segments red, the third being sometimes fuscescent apically ; segments five to seven of 9 becoming gradually more broadly white ; post-petiole of S sub-obsoletely canaliculate and sparsely punctate ; second and third Hophcrypftis.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 29I segments closely and finely punctate ; terebra hardly shorter than abdo- men. Legs black, femora slender and not inflated, hind legs elongate ; femora and anterior tibiae entirely red ; hind tibiae apically infuscate, basally red in 9 , white-banded in S ; tarsi infuscate, the hind pair centrally white in both sexes. Areolet emitting recurrent nervure from a little before its centre, of S sub-cjuadrate ; radial nervure apically inflexed. Length, 8-12 mm. This species differs from H. co)ifector in the basal segment not being dilated, the spiracles of the metathorax rotund and the upper wings with the ordinary transverse nervure situated before the cubital fork. The female is said to be much like that of P. peregrinator, but its hind femora are much longer and not incrassate, with the basal segment less glabrous and carinate. C. albi/s, which has somewhat the facies of C. albatorius, is considered distinct by Schmiedeknecht, but a comparison of Taschen- berg's description with Thomson's male leaves little doubt that Brischke is correct in considering them synonymous. I can find no mention of this species as British till T. Wilson bred it from rose sticks, in which it was parasitic upon the saw-fiy, Emphyius ductus (cf. Entom. 1883, p. 33), though it is widely distributed throughout Europe. ARITRANIS, Forsier. Forst. Verh. pr. Rheinl. 186S, p. 1S7 ; Hygioayptus, Thorns. O. E. v. (1S70), 513. Clypeus often angularly produced at apex. Thorax usually broadly red ; metathorax densely tomentose ; coxal areae distinct. Post-petiole bi- carinate, glabrous or finely punctulate ; anus white. Onychium with the pulvillus and claws stout and elongate ; tibiae mutic and in $ inflated. \Vings somewhat narrow ; areolet large and parallel-sided, rarely externally incomplete. Thomson somewhat extended Forster's genus, and authors are conse- quently at variance as to its correct name ; but, since the former himself acknowledges this synonymy, the earlier name is here adopted, although it may be open to doubt whether A. signaiorii/s, a common British species which finds no place in the last European review of this genus, should be included or raised to generic rank. Only five certified and two doubtful species are referred to this genus on the Continent. Ttid/e of Species. (2). I. Clypeus apically truncate ; apophyses acute ... i. KLEGANS, A'.v?'. (i). 2. Clypeus apically produced ; apophyses obtuse. (6). 3. Abdomen and legs mainly red ; scutellum not white. (5). 4. Areolet entire ; mesonotiun black 2. CARNIKKX, Onn'. (4). 5. Areolet incomplete ; mesonotum red 3. kuku.s. A/or/. (3). 6. Abdomen and legs black ; scutellum white ... 4. SIGN.ATORIUS, Fiib. U 2 2g2 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Aritranis. I. elegans, Desv} Cty/'/iis elei^aiis, Desv. Cat. 57, (J 9 ; cf- Bridg. Entom. 1880, p. 52 ^/ Trans. Ent. Soc. 1881, p. 153. Hyg^iocrypitis Dreivseni, Thorns. O. E. v. 514, <5 9 ; cf. lib. cit. xxi. 2376. Head immaculate ; clypeu.s truncate and labruin free. Antennae of $ dull testaceous beneath ; of ? with scape black, five basal flagellar joints red, and the three following white. Thorax and scutellum immaculate ; metanotum dull, apophyses acute ; $ with lateral costae elevated. Abdo- men elongate, pyriform ; the three very dull and closely punctate basal, and base of the fourth, segments red, with the apex of the third infuscate ; sixth and seventh with white fasciae ; post-petiole a little broader than the petiole, which is basally toothed on either side and its lateral margins elevated ; the second twice broader at apex than at base ; terebra one- fourth the length of the abdomen, $ with valvulae prominent. Legs red, with the anterior onychii ferrugineous ; $ with all, ? with front, coxae and trochanters, apices of hind femora, tibiae and tarsi black ; central joints of hind tarsi white. Wings somewhat clouded ; radix testaceous, stigma nigrescent. Length, 12 mm. [I have followed Bridgman in considering Desvignes' species as synony- mous with that of Thomson, in spite of what the latter says to the contrary, since the points of distinction are not aj)parent in the two descriptions, except that Thomson gives one to understand that the $ of his species alone has the tarsi white. Desvignes says C. elegans is closely allied to C. amoe?ii/s, Grav., but is much larger, and differs in the hind tarsi and terebra. The single $ type of C. elegans in the British Museum may be further characterized as having : — Tlie head and palpi entirely black, the face with griseous pubescence. Antennae setaceous and black, becoming only slightly ferrugineous basally beneath. Thorax and scutellum black ; meta- thorax scabrous with very distinct areae, the basal area narrow, areola sub-quadrate, petiolar area only one-third high and, unlike the lateral areae, not discreted ; spiracles large and shortly oval. Legs red, with apices of hind tibiae and extreme apices of their femora, black ; hind tarsi black with joints three and four (except apex of latter) white. Wings somewhat narrow with the areolet sub-quadrate — as in A. carnifex — and the costa brunneous ; hind wing with nervellus post-furcal and intercepted very slightly above its centre. I did not examine the clypeus.] From A. carnifex, Drewseni may be known by the dull and black metathorax, closely punctate basal segments and elevated petiole; the $ terebra is shorter, the stigma nigrescent, with the areola and whole meta- thorax longer ; and the ^ by the colour of its legs and its elevated lateral costae. This species was described from specimens in Curtis' and Desvignes' 1 Cryptus ni/iceps, Desv. Cat. 55, ? . Desvignes' inadequate description of this species is as follows : — Head black ; frontal orbits, mouth except apices of mandibles, and the face except lateral marks, fulvous. Antennae tiliform, rather longer than half the body ; centrally white-banded, testaceous beneath. Thorax immaculate ; metathorax nearly smooth. Abdomen red with two apical segments infuscate and anus white ; post- petiole canaliculate ; terebra two-thirds the length of the abdomen. Legs red with all the trochanters and posterior coxae basally infuscate; anterior femora infuscate above; tarsi dull red. Wings sub- fasciated centrally below the stigma; tegulae piceous. Length, 4A lines. Only a pin-hole adorns the proper position of this "species"" in the British Museum, and the type appears to be lost. The coloration appears similar to that of C. elegans, Desv. Ariiranis.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 293 collections ; Bridij;nian has, more recently, captured it at Brundall in the Norfolk Broads, in July and October; and there is a female in Marshall's collection (Brit. Mus.) from Bromley, taken in the middle of June, 1S92. Drewseni has been bred from a Nocliia moth. 2. carnifex, Grav. Ciypttis carnifex, Cr. I. E. ii. 631 ; Sle. 111. M. vii. 295 ; Tasch. Zcils. Ges. Nat. 1865. p. 105; Vol). Pinac. pi. xli. fijj. 9, 9 . C. j'rt/-/tOX/.f, Tasch. /eils. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 97 ci . Hygrooyptus carnifex. Thorns. O. E. v. 513 et xxi. 2376, 6 9 . Head sub- triangular, cheeks not buccate, nor epistoma prominent ; clypeus discreted and apically denticulate in the centre ; palpi of $ mainly white. Antennae filiform; of $ elongate, of $ tricoloured, with basal flagellar joints red, and the first flagellar joint four times longer than broad. Thora.x not strongly shining, of $ mainly black ; of ? either black with metathorax and propleurae red, or red with pro- and meso- notum black ; mesosternum black or with a rufescent mark behind ; metathorax closely and confluently punctate, with both transverse costae entire, the apical centrally straight ; areola of $ elongate and determinate ; spiracles sub-circular. Scutellum black ; of ? mainly, or at least laterally, red. Abdomen shining and glabrous ; red, with the four apical segments and most of the fourth l)lack, the seventh and eighth dorsally white ; basal segment angulated, sub-explanate and curved laterally, with carinae extend- ing from the base to beyond the sub-obsolete spiracles, which lie far behind the centre ; post-petiole dorsally deplanate, with apical angles not rounded, of $ parallel-sided and very finely and closely punctate ; terebra short and not more than half the length of the abdomen. Legs red ; hind tibiae and femora usually nigrescent towards their apices ; $ onychii stout, claws and pulvilli large ; $ with front coxae and trochanters black, and the hind tarsi white-banded. Wings somewhat clouded ; stigma fla- vescent, radix piceous, tegulae ferrugineous ; areolet large and parallel- sided, nervelet wanting ; nervellus post-furcal and intercepted in its centre. Length, 10 mm. Both sexes vary in the extent of the red thoracic coloration. Porritt has bred this species from reeds in Britain and, on the Conti- nent, it is known to prey upon Nonagria <^eminipuncta, JV. paludicola, Leiicatiia obsolehi and Senfa mariiima. Stephens says it is scarce, and records it from near London, in June ; Bridgman took it at Brundall near Norwich, in July and September ; Elliott swept a fine female in Tudden- ham Fen, in June, 1901. I have only met with it in the most boggy situations, always upon reeds ; Oulton }3road and Brandon, Suffolk, from the middle of May to the beginning of July. Chitty took it in the Isle of Sheppy, early in September, 1901. 3. rufus, sp. ft. A small, red species with incomplete areolet. Head finely and closely punctate, somewhat dull, with long and close golden pilosity ; black, with mandibles except their apices, and the palpi, red ; cly|)eus discreted and apically elongately unidentate ; epistoma not prominent, cheeks sub- buccate, eyes prominent. Antennae filiform, nearly as long as the body, 294 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \Aritranis. slender and piceous, with tlie basal flagellar joints apically sub-nodulose and the strongly excised scape bright red. Tiiorax brick-red, with meso- pleurae and sternum, the scutellar region and whole metathorax, except two dots in the basal lateral areae, black ; mesonotum finely scabrous and villose, with notauli extending to the deplanate disc ; metathorax obsoletely reticulate, with distinct pubescence and the petiolar area longi- tudinally rugose ; apical costa straight and entire, basal centrally inflexed towards the base before which it diverges to form the basal area ; areola elongate and laterally indeterminate ; spiracles small and circular. Scu- tellum red and obsoletely punctulate. Abdomen elongate and laterally only slightly curved ; brick-red, with extreme base of petiole piceous and the three apical segments narrowly margined with clear stramineous ; basal segment gradually explanate and evenly punctulate throughout, laterally bordered and dorsally carinate ; the three following segments punctulate, apically sub-callose and shining ; terebra about half the length of the abdomen, piceous, with spicula sanguineous. Legs red, with tibiae stramineous ; front tibiae strongly inflated, hind ones apically and before the sub-incrassate centre piceous ; onychii normal, infuscate. Wings somewhat narrow and slightly clouded ; stigma piceous, basally paler ; radix and tegulae white ; areolet with inner nervure oblique and the outer totally wanting, fenestrae broadly discreted ; nervellus post-furcal and intercepted far below its centre. 9 . Length, ^\ mm. The incomplete areolet allies this species to Hemiteles, but its elongate form, incrassate tibiae, acuminately dentate clypeus and tomentose thorax all point to a Cryptid position and agree with this genus in which it appears, however, somewhat incongruous on account of its normal onychii and abnormal areolet. I possess but one female, which was captured by Mr. Bignell at Oreston Quarry in Devonshire, on ist August, 1884. Since writing the above I have seen a second female of this species in Marshall's collection (in Brit. Mus.) ; it was taken at Corn worthy, near Totnes, in Devonshire, and is labelled ^^ defediviis, Bridg.," which name was never published. 4. signatorius, Fab. Ichmiimon signatorius, Fab. E. S. ii. 135 ; Gr. I. E. iii. 892, 9 . /• odynericidus, Duf.-Per. Ann. Soc. Fr. 1840, p. 45, ?. Crypt us signatorius. Fab. Piez. 71, ? . C. bellosus, Curt. B. E. pi. mdclxviii. ? . C. rufoniger, Desv. Cat. 58, ? . Head narrowed behind the eyes, very finely and closely punctate, black with close white pubescence ; face more strongly and confluently punctate, slightly prominent centrally, of $ with epistoma and facial orbits broadly white ; clypeus discreted, sub-glabrous, apically produced, of $ entirely and of $ sometimes centrally white ; mandibles stout with equal teeth ; palpi infuscate, of t. I. titillator, Linn. Ichneniiioii titillator, Linn. F. S. n. 1611; Miill. Prodr. n. 1812, 9. Cryptits titillator, Fah. Piez. 86; Gr. I. E. ii. 564 et i. Suppl. 705 (excl. i); Ste. 111. M. vii. 289; Fonsc. Ann. Hoc. Fr. 1850, p. 379; Ralz. Ichn. d. Forst. iii. 139, 9 ; Holnij^r. Sv. Ak. Ilaiidl. 1854. p. 53; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865. p. 80; Voll. Pinac. pi. vi. f. 9, (i 9. C. ambiguus, Tschek, Verh. z.-b. Ges. 1870. pp. 145 f/ 419, 6 9. (?) C. aiialis, Gr. I. E. ii. 560, excl. 9 . Goniocryptus titillator. Thorns. O. E. v. 493 et xxi. 2358, S 9 . Somewhat shining, rugosely punctate, with fuscous pilosity. Head coarsely punctate and pilose, black ; face flat and uniformly alutaceous ; clypeus deflexed, incompletely discreted and apically slightly rounded, with a central impression ; $ palpi white. Antennae black, slender, as long as body, with the lower flagellar joints sub-discreted and apically tumidulous ; of $ with first flagellar joint about thrice longer than broad ; of $ centrally white-banded and a little incrassate before the apex. Thorax coarsely punctate and pilose ; metanotum more coarsely punctate in $, its lateral areae incomplete; the petiolar entire, broad, sub-vertical and longitudinally strigose, with, in 9 , its basal margin sub-obsolete ; basal area of $ smooth ; spiracles linear, broader in $ . Scutellum black. Abdomen narrower than thorax, elongate-ovate and in $ sub-linear ; castaneous-red, with first segment or only petiole, apical half of fourth, and whole of the remainder, black ; post-petiole glabrous, somewhat convex, a little longer than broad, with no foveae nor furrow, and sides straight to close to apex and spiracles prominent ; terebra one-third the length of the abdomen. Legs black ; anterior tibiae and tarsi, apex of front femora and base of hind ones, usually testaceous ; hind tarsi of $ with apex of first and whole of second to fourth joints white, of ? with third and fourth apically dull white ; the $ anterior trochanters also sometimes white-marked. Wings a little clouded ; radix and tegulae infuscate ; radius apically reflexed, nervelet elongate, areolet sub-quadrate ; nervellus intercepted slightly below the centre. Length, g-12 mm. Marshall says Gravenhorst's description does not apply to the Linnaean type, and Thomson that his female is distinct from that of Gravenhorst, who seems to have described more than one species under this name ; but if this be so, the discrepancies are so trivial — the colour of the third segment and slightly paler anterior legs — as to be quite inconsiderable. Bouche gives us a somewhat meagre description of the larva and cocoon of this s[)ecies (Naturg. 142). The former is cylindrical and curved, with inflated lateral margins, it is white and acuminate with isolated bristles ; the rounded head bears two short, turbinate antennae, and the dorsal segments are rather humped, with the last one narrowed ; its length is two lines. He adds that it preys upon the larvae of Bolys samhucalis ; that 300 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Goniocryp/iis. after the host's pupation it evacuates its pupa and spins for itself an elliptic, yellow, [xipyraceous cocoon, from wliich the imago emerges in April. This common Continental species is certainly abundant in Britain. Tugwell has bred it here from Lasiocampa quercus ; Tschek in Austria, from a spider's nest ; Taschenberg from Zygaena cornnillae ; and it is said (Deut. Ent. Zeit. xxi. p. 286) to be hyperparasitic upon Campoplex pii^^illator, which is one of the Ophioninae. It occurs in June, July and August ui)on umbelliferous flowers, and was found by Hope at Netley ((jravenhorst) ; not very rarely in Shropshire and the vicinity of London (Stephens) ; Isle of Man (Walker) ; Great Wilbraham near Cambridge, in July (Cambs. Mus.) ; Essex (Harwood) ; Hastings District (Hast. List); New Forest, in July ((Shitty) ; Eaton, in June (Bridgman) ; Bickleigh, early in August (Bignell) ; Land's End (Marquand). I jjossess specimens from the New Forest, in August ; Nairn ; Glengariff, VVaterville and Kennan in Ireland. Piffard has found it at Felden ; Adams at Lynd- hurst ; and I have taken males, in May and June, in Tuddenham Fen and the Bentley Woods, where they were attracted to the flowers of the blue wild hyacinths. 2. pi eb ejus, Tschek. Cryptiis plehejus, Tschek, Verb. z. -b. Ges. 1870, pp. 147 et 420, i ?. Goniocrypttis dypeaiis, Tboms. O. E. v. 494 et xxi. 2359, S 9 ; cf. Brisch. Scbr. Nat. Ges. Danz. i879> P- 333- Slightly shining, closely and somewhat rugosely punctate with grey pubescence. Head dull, black, obliquely narrowed behind the eyes ; clypeus small, nearly as long as broad and slightly rounded apically ; cheeks elongate, frons finely carinate centrally. Antennae slender, shorter than body, flagellum a little incrassate before the apex ; of $ usually centrally white-banded. Thorax dull, black ; mesonotum roughly punc- tate ; lateral metathoracic areae incomplete and internally sparsely punctulate ; petiolar area entire, centrally longitudinally impressed ; spiracles elongate. Scutellum black. Abdomen oblong or oblong-ovate, closely and finely punctulate, especially at the sides ; black with four basal segments, except the petiole, red, $ anus with white membrane ; post-petiole sub-convex, longer than broad, laterally straight and sub- parallel, apically rounded, of ? with three weak foveae, of S with the spiracles small and only slightly prominent ; terebra one-third the length of the abdomen. Legs black with anterior tibiae and apices of their femora red ; c^ with hind tarsi more or less distinctly white. Wings clouded in $ ; radius only slightly reflexed apically, metacarpus strong to near the apex of the wing ; tegulae black, stigma and radix piceous, latter pale in $ ; nervellus intercepted in or barely above its centre. Length, 8-10 mm. Tschek shows that the colour of this species varies in certain directions ; the male may have the fourth segment, which is normally red, apically margined, or with the apical half black, with the hind tarsi entirely black, or with joints three and four, or the fourth alone, white; the female may have the antennae white-spotted, the basal segment red with its base and sometimes also its apex black, with which the fourth segment may be narrowly black, apically or entirely, except its extreme base, black ; or with the antennae black throughout. Goniocryp/us.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 3OI He adds that the strongly and straightly narrowed head, length of cheeks, prominent eyes and elongate cly[)eus differ from all other Cryptini ; the eyes hardly reach the base of the clypeus, while in 6*. tHillaior their apices are level with its base and the cheeks are distinctly more buccate. This species is, indeed, very similar to G. titillator, but its size is generally smaller and the pilosity much less dense, the metathoracic spiracles are oblong, the clypeus sub convex, the fourth segment entirely and the first from before its centre red ; the flagellar liand may or may not be present ; the intermediate femora are apically red and the $ hind tarsi are usually immaculate. I possess examples of this species, which occurs throughout Europe, captured by Sladen, at St. Margaret's Bay in August, and by Colonel Yerbury, at Llanbedr in Wales, and Waterville in Ireland in July. IJradley has sent it me from the Birmingham district, Davis from St. Issey in Cornwall, and Beaumont has captured it at Plumstead. CRYPTUS, Fabricius. Fab. Piez. 70 (1S04) ; Thorns. O. E. v. 475. Head with vertex declived behind ocelli ; cheeks somewhat elongate, not or hardly buccate, genal costa joining the oral a little behind base of mandibles ; frons more or less excavate, clypeus apically mutic and broadly rounded ; mandibles somewhat narrow, with teeth of ecjual length. Antennae very thin, especially in $ ; scape compressed-ovate, excised below centre, shorter than post-annellus ; flagellum of $ setaceous or filiform, spiral and usually white-banded, of c? setaceous and black throughout. Pronotum short ; epomiae more or less distinct ; notauli extending to nearly beyond centre of mesonotum ; mesosternum with lateral sulci distinct and deep, extending at least to centre ; metathorax with transverse carinae approximating, petiolar area reaching beyond the centre ; apophyses distinct ; spiracles linear, oval or very rarely rotund- oval. Abdomen fusiform, of $ nearly linear, very finely alutaceous ; basal segment dilated and deflexed apically, its spiracles far behind centre and dorsal carinae distinct ; second segment with epipleurae obsolete s[)iracles behind centre and some distance from lateral margin, thyridii small and remote from base ; anus never white-marked ; terebra straight and long, though shorter than abdomen. Legs not stout ; tibiae often spinulose ; c^ with hind tarsi usually white-banded. Upper wings with radial cell long, its nervure apically inflexed ; nervelet nearly always distinct ; areola of normal size, with its sides always convergent above ; internal cubital basally parallel with the upi)er ba.sal nervure, its fenestra not elongate but remote from areolet ; discoidal cell rectangular apically below, its external fenestrae large and extending beyond centre of recur- rent nervure. Lower wing with nervellus intercepted below, or almost in, centre. Of the fifty-four j^alaearctic s|)ccies of this genus enunn^raled by Schmicdcknccht in 1904, only fifteen have at present been noticed in Britain and, even of these, three a|)pear to rest ii|)()n somewhat doul)t(ul authenticity. 302 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. Cryptus. Table of Species. Abdomen black or cyaneous, not red. Head, thorax and petiole with black pubescence ; abdomen cyaneous ... i. CYANATOR, Grav. Head, thorax and petiole with no, or pale, pubescence ; abdomen black. Scrobes large, nearly reaching ocelli ; scutellum rarely white. Antennae pale-marked ; $ face cen- trally pale 2. SPIRALIS, /v??^rf. Antennae immaculate ; $ face centrally not pale. Apophyses acute ; hind tarsi infuscate 3. moschator. Fab. Apophyses obtuse ; hind tarsi red 4. TARSOLEUCUS, Schr. Scrobes small and distinctly separated ; scutellum usually white. Hind tibiae not spinulose ; size larger 5. LUGUBRLS, Grav. Hind tibiae spinulose ; size smaller ... 6. viduatorius, /^^(J. Abdomen broadly red, at least centrally. First recurrent intercepted slightly be- low centre ; coxae castaneous 7. SPONSOR, Fab. First recurrent intercepted far below the centre ; coxae black. Metathoracic spiracles linear or elon- gate. Hind femora entirely red 8. apparitorius, Vill. Hind femora partly black. Dentiparal areae apically foveate 9. attentorius, 6'c/^ci/! Dentiparal areae normal. Frons smooth and shining ; cheeks sub-buccate. Lateral costae apically trans-strigose ; (J scutellum black 10. OBSCURUS, Grav. Lateral costae apically distinct ; $ scu- tellum white II. albatorius, Vill. Frons sub-rugose and dull ; cheeks normal. Apophyses small ; petiolar carinae in- conspicuous 12. DIANAE, Grav. Apophyses large ; petiolar carinae dis- tinct 13. ARMATORIUS, Fab. Metathoracic spiracles ovate or sub- circular. Frons finely sculptured ; scutellum im- maculate 14. MINATOR, Gi-av. Frons sub-rugose ; scutellum. apically white 15. TUP.ERCULATUS, Grav. (12). (3)- I. 2. (2). 3- (9). 4- (6). 5- (5). 6. (8). (7). (4). 7- 8. 9- (II). 10. (10). (I). (14). II. 12. 13- (13). 14. (26). 15- (17). (16). (19). (18). (21). 16. 17. 18. 19- 20. (22). 21. (21). 22. (20). 23. (25). 24. (24). 25. (15). 26. (28). 27. (27). 28. (12). (3)- (2). (5). (4). (9). A Table of the Females. Abdomen not broadly red centrally. Abdomen blue with long black pubescence. 14-17 nmi Abdomen black with normal pubescence. Scutellum white. 8-10 mm Scutellum black. Antennae w h i t e - b a n d e d ; metathoracic spiracles oblong. I. CYANATOR. 6. VIDUATORIUS. Cryptus?^ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 303 Hind tibiae apically black ; terebra length of abdomen. 10-14 mm 2. spiralis. Hind tibiae red ; terebra shorter than abdo- men. 12 mm 5. LUGUBRIS. Antennae immaculate ; metathoracic spiracles sub-linear. Hind tarsi and tibiae not black-marked. 14-16 mm 4. TARSOLEUCUS. Hind tarsi and tibiae mainly black. 10 mm. 3. moschator. Abdomen partly red. Front tarsi unusually dilated (Meringopus, Forst.). 16-17 mm 10. OBSCURUS. Tarsi normal. Anus and often petiole red. Epistomium not or hardly gibbous. 14 mm. 9. ATTENTORIUS. Epistomium distinctly gibbous. Antennae not white-banded. Frons excavate ; lateral metanotal areae ru- gulose. 11-14 mm 11. albatorius. Frons slightly impressed ; metapleurae smooth. 7-9 mm Var. difficilis. Antennae white-banded. Hind coxae castaneous. 10-12 mm 7. SPONSOR. Hind coxae entirely black. Apophyses strong and compressed ; all femora basally black. 9-10 mm 13. ARMATORIUS. Apophyses short or wanting. Scutellum white-marked, orbits and pronotum white. Terebra hardly longer than petiole ; tegulae white. 6-8 mm 15. TUBERCULATU-S. Terebra distinctly longer than petiole ; tegulae black. 10 mm 8. apparitorius. Scutellum, orbits and pronotum black. 9-12 mm 12. DIANAE. Anus and scutellum immaculate. 6 mm 14. MINATOR. (8). 7- (7). 8. (6). 9- (II). 10. (10). (0- (14). II. 12. 13- (13)- (30). (17). (16). (21). 14. 15- 16. 17- 18. (20). 19- (19). 20. (18). (23). (22). (25). 21. 22. 23- 24. (24). (29)- 25. 26. (28). 27. (27). 28. (26). 29. (15). 30- I. cyanator, Grav. Cryptus cyanator. Gr. I. E. ii. 442 (? excl. var.) ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 276; Ratz. Ichn. d. Forst. i. 139; Fonsc. Ann. Soc. Ft. 1850, p. 363; Holmgr. Sv. Ak. Mandl. 1S54, p. 50; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 72; Voll. Pinac. pi. vi. f. 2 (details), i 9; Thorns. O. E. v. 477, 9 ; xix. 2115 et xxi. 2349, 6. Var. C. sclicoriiis, Ralz. Ichn. d. Forst. i. 141, pi. vi. f. 10, 9. Head immaculate, with black hairs ; epistoma distinct and |)roniinent. Antennae filiform ; of $ slender, setaceous and Ulack througiiout. Thorax with black hairs, of 9 sometimes with a red dot beneath radix ; meso- notum coarsely and diffusely punctate ; metathorax scabrous, with front costa centrally obsolete, hind one distinct ; areola of 6 wrinkled ; spiracles inconspicuous, linear, near base of metathorax ; apophyses small. Scu- tellum black. Abdomen blue-black and very finely punctate, of cj parallel -sided and narrower than thorax, of ? ovate ; basal segment shining and sub-glabrous, petiole with black pubescence ; post-petiole convex, canaliculate and sub-transverse, though narrower in o which has prominent spiracles ; terebra black and about half length of abdomen, with its s[)icula sub-mutic. Legs sub-elongate, dark red ; the trochanters and pubescent coxae black, hind tarsi infuscate ; front tibiae not inflated, 304 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. {^Cryptus. hind ones especially in ? nigrescent towards the apex, intermediate of $ also apically infiiscate ; hind tarsi of ^ black, compressed. Wings clouded ; radix and tegulae dark, stigma hlack, nervelet distinct ; nervellus intercepted far below centre. Lengtii, 12-14 'iiT"- The variety seticornis has the metathorax more closely and finely punc- tate, with both costae distinct throughout, the abdomen mainly red-brown, the orbits white-marked and the wings less deeply clouded. Stephens tells us that it used to be found not uncommonly about London, at Ripley and Hertford, and that' its larvae prey upon those of Fliragmatobia fuligiiwsa and Clisiocampa neitstria ; from both these Bombyces it has been bred in Germany as well as from Diloba caemleo- cepliala, and Ratzeburg raised the var. sdicornis from Trachea piniperJa ; Laboulbene records it from a species of Eumenes in France. Although it occurs throughout Europe, the only recent British record I can find is Harwood's from Essex in the Victoria History of that county. 2. spiralis, Fonrc. Ichneumon spiralis, Fourc. E. P. ii. 407, ? . Crypliis spiralis, Gr. I. E. ii. 454 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 278, excl. i ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 71, c? ? ; rf. Tschek, Verh. z.-b. Ges. 1872, p. 237, i. C. inconspicinis, Gr. I. E. ii. 447, $. Head black ; of $ with epistoma prominent, internal orbits and generally the external very narrowly white ; of $ with mouth, the discreted and apically truncate clypeus, most of the face, the internal and some- times the outer and a dot at the vertical orbits, white. Antennae of $ filiform, with four central joints white, of $ with scape white beneath. Thorax somewhat shining, of $ with white pubescence ; callosity beneath radix usually, and in ^ the pronotum, pale ; metathorax finely rugose, discally longitudinally sub-strigose, with the basal transverse costa centrally obsolete and the apical straight, lateral areae not smoother basally ; apophyses distinct and smaller in $, which has the petiolar area sub- vertical ; spiracles elongate and somewhat broad. Scutellum black ; of $ usually, of ? rarely, white at apex. Abdomen black and not dull ; of $ rather narrower than thorax and oblong-ovate, with the basal segment superficially canaliculate and slightly explanate apically, post-petiole sub- quadrate and twice broader than petiole ; of ^ narrower, with the basal segment sub-linear and centrally glabrous, with normally prominent spiracles ; terebra nearly as long as abdomen. Legs slender and red ; coxae and trochanters black, anterior of $ white-marked ; posterior tarsi, apices of hind tibiae, and in $ of hind femora, infuscate ; hind tarsi of 6 distinctly white centrally. Wings not fasciated ; tegulae of $ white, of $ infuscate, with radix sometimes paler; nervelet distinct. Length, 10-14 •i'"''''- The female is said by Taschenberg and Tschek to possess a minute apical scutellar dot ; and the latter tells us (loc. cit.) that all his Austrian males were similarly marked. From C. viditatorii/s, the male may be easily distinguished by its much longer petiolar area. [At Ent. Nachr. 1891, p. 226, we are told that the $ of Gravenhor.st's C. spiralis (which constitutes C. dentaius, Tasch., and is there instanced Cryptus.'] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 305 as synonymous with Macrocrypfus huiciffr) has been bred from the nests of bees or wasps, or the burrows of the longicorn beetle, A^apanihia cardiii, in Eupatorium stems. Marshall has taken what he calls C. denfatiis, Tasch., at Botusfieming in Cornwall.] It occurs throughout the Continent, where it has been bred by Siebold from Talaeporia pseudohomhycella. In Ihitain it is probably uncommon, and I have seen nothing quite like it. Taken near London towards the end of June, but rarely (Stephens) ; captured in August, near Lydford (Parfitt's Devon List). 3. moschator, Fab. Ichneumon vioschator. Fab. ISI. I. i. 266, var. anlennis totis nit^ris {necN\\\.); Piez. 67, (5. Cryptus moschator, Cr. I. E. ii. 451 ; Ste. 111. M. 277 ; Tasch. Zeils. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 72 ; Vol!. Pinac. pi. vi. f. 4 ; Thorns. O. K. v. 478, 6 9 ; />■ dt. xxi. 2349. Head without black hairs, palpi infuscate ; $ with clypeus discreted, centrally tuberculate and apically truncate, its internal orbits more or less narrowly, $ with dots at the vertical orbits, white. Antennae of $ apically sub-setaceous, of $ much more slender, filiform. Thorax with no black hairs, immaculate ; nietathorax rugose, $ with basal costa bisinuate and the apical centrally obsolete ; ^ with petiolar area small and only centrally strigose ; apophyses acute, of $ very stout ; spiracles short and oval. Scutellum black. Abdomen black, not or hardly sub- caeruleous, rather narrower than thorax ; basal segment of $ laterally curved, of $ slender and glabrous ; post-petiole longer than broad and sub-canaliculate ; terebra shorter than abdomen. Legs elongate and slender ; the anterior red, with coxae and trochanters black, and tibiae not inflated ; hind ones black, with femora and more or less of the $ tibiae red ; hind tarsi of $ centrally white. Wings clouded ; nervelet puncti- form, areolet convergent above ; tegulae black, stigma infuscate and in 9 sometimes ferrugineous. Length, 10 mm. Taschenberg's remark that the anterior transverse costa is entire appears to be inaccurate. This species may be known by its black body, which is not hirsute, the hardly caeruleous abdomen of which the second segment is apically castaneous-margined, the narrow petiole with its almost wanting dorsal carinae, the nearly filiform ? antennae and by the length of the terebra. Gravenhorst mentions a large variety of the $ with the inner and part of the outer orbits narrowly white and an apical white dot upon the scutellum. Bridgman says this is a common species in Norfolk, and adds that it has been bred by Fletcher from Acrotiycia myricae ; Stephens found it about London, in June, and in Salop ; Francis Walker took it in the Isle of Man ; Harwood in Essex; Parfitt rarely in Devonshire, in July; and there is one male in Dr. Capron's collection, probably from Surrey. It occurs on flowers of Paslimuea, etc., throughout the Continent, in May and July ; and in his Mantissa, Fabricius notes it as " moschum spirans." Chitty has recently taken it at Monks' Wood in Huntingdon. X 306 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \Cryptus. 4. tarsoleucus, Schr. IchneuDion tarsoleucus, Schr. En. no. 725, i. Cryptus tarsoleucus, C>x. I. E. ii. 447 t'/ i. Siippl. 698; Ste. 111. M. vii. 277, i 9 ; Ratz. Ichn. d. Forst. iii. 135, 9 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 71 ; Thorns. O. E. v. 479 et xxi. 2350; Veil. Pinac. pi. vi. f. 3, (J 9 . Head black, scrobes large, extending nearly to ocelli ; of $ with palpi ferrugineous, facial orbits with centre of mandibles broadly, a transverse line on clypeus, and rarely the external orbits, stramineous ; of $ with the internal orbits obsoletely whitish and the epistoma prominent. An- tennae of ? slender and filiform, of $ setaceous and much stouter. Thorax of $ rarely with a flavidous callosity beneath the radix, the apophyses normal and spiracles distinct ; ? with basal area entire and basally convergent, and with both the metathoracic costae entire and angular ; the basal costa of the $ is sub-obsolete and the apical less angular. Scutellum black. Abdomen black, of S sometimes slightly caerulescent or with the apical margin of the second segment castaneous ; basal segment of ? laterally curved, superficially canaliculate, with weak spiracles ; post-petiole sub-quadrate ; terebra not reflexed and a little shorter than the abdomen. Legs red, coxae and trochanters black ; front trochanters and coxae of S sometimes white-marked beneath ; both sexes with hind tarsi centrally fulvous or white and hind tibiae of $ often apically nigrescent. Wings darker in 9 J tegulae black, rarely white- marked or entirely dull white ; nervelet of ? elongate. Length, 12-14 nm""- Both sexes of this species may be known by the coloration of the legs and the deeply impressed frons between the scrobes. From C. curvicauda, Thoms., which is by no means unlikely to occur in Britain, the $ differs in the less distinctly white-marked orbits and vertical dot, its shorter post- petiole, more strongly nitidulous nietathorax and straight terebra. This is by no means an uncommon species in May and early June, and may sometimes be beaten from whitethorn flowers. It is also said to occur upon umbels ; it is to be met with throughout the summer, and I have found it in the New Forest as late as August. Stoke near Bristol (Charbonnier) ; Knowle near Birmingham (Ellis) ; Lyndhurst (Chawner) ; Brockenhurst (Cross) ; Guestling near Hastings (Bloomfield) ; Tostock in Suffolk (Tuck) ; Kinghorn near Edinburgh, in May (Evans) ; Bloxworth, in July (Richardson) ; Sunningdale, in June (Morice) ; Essex (Marwood) ; Hastings (Hast. List.) ; Streatham and Norbury (Brunnetti). I have taken it at Copdock and Sudbury in Suffolk, Wicken Fen and Mousehold Heath near Norwich. I associate this species with Saints fitscus because they are often found at the same time and place. Stephens, who records it as not uncommon about London, especially Birch Wood and Ripley in June, bred it from Noctuae ; and it has been bred from Trachea piriiperda and AmmopJiila salnilosa by Panzer and Siebold, though its wide range argues much commoner hosts. 5. lugubris, Grav. Cryptus lugubris, Gr. I. E. ii. 456 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 71, 9 ; Thorns. O. E. xix. 21 15 et xxi. 2349, c? 9. $ . Black. Epistoma prominent. Antennae with joints seven to eleven white. Thorax immaculate ; metathorax smoothest laterally at the base, its basal costa bisinuate, the apical centrally obsolete ; apophyses CryphiS?^ BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 307 distinct but not strong. Scutellum and abdomen black ; the latter with the first segment slightly curved laterally, dorsaliy feebly canaliculate, with somewhat projecting spiracles ; terebra one third length of abdomen. Legs red, with coxae and trochanters black. Wings not fasciated ; nervelet small, radix and tegulae infuscate. Length, 12 mm. The colour of the $ legs is similar to that of C. tarso/etici/s, but the pale frontal orbits produced below, the occasional large facial and clypeal mark, the frons not foveate between the scrobes, the grey-haired and not sub-cyaneous abdomen, as well as the white-marked front or anterior tro- chanters and front coxae, callosity beneath radix and margin of tegulae, render it distinct. Than C. i7ioschator the present species is larger and stouter, with thicker antennae and shorter terebra, the mesonotum more densely and finely punctate, the hind tibiae and tarsi red, of which the latter are pale-banded or, in $ , broadly white ; the $ may be known by its white-marked face and clypeus, its scutellum unusually also bearing a white mark. From C. viduatorius, also, the colour of the hind legs, the larger and stouter body, and nearly totally black frontal orbits will distinguish it. This common Continental species is recorded from Heigham, Brundall and Horning Ferry, in Norfolk by Bridgman, and from Stonehouse in Devon, at the end of March, by Bignell. The males were not uncommon upon Angelica sylves/ris, with Acroricniis macrobaius at ^Litley Bog in the New Forest in the middle of August, 1901 ; I have also received it from Thornley, who took it at South Leverton in May, 1896. 6. viduatorius, Fab. Cryptus viduatorius. Fab. Piez. 70, ? ; Gr. I. E. ii. 476 et i. Suppl,700 ; Ste. HI. M. vii. 280; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 70; Voll Pinac. pi. vi. f. 5 (details); Thorns. O. E. 479, $ ^ ; cf. lib. cit. xxi. 2351, var. $ , et Brisch. Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1879 P-332, var. $ ?. Head black ; of $ with internal orbits, a facial and clypeal mark, the palpi and most of the mandibles, white, of ? rarely with interior and sometimes a mark in centre of exterior orbits, and another on the cheeks, fiavescent, labrum rufescent and palpi infuscate, its epistoma prominent. Antennae of $ sub-setaceous, w-ith scape white beneath ; of 9 more slender and filiform, with the central joints more or less white above and the basal ones rarely rufescent. Thorax generally with a dot beneath, more rarely also a line before, the radix white ; metathorax of $ finely longitudinally rugose, with both costae fine but entire, of $, confluently punctate, with only the basal costa comi)lete and the petiolar area sub- discreted ; apophyses sub-acute. Scutellum marked with pale flavous. Abdomen black, of $ narrower than thorax and apically sub-compressed ; basal segment smoother in $, sub-linear, with the post-petiole slightly broader and the spiracles sometimes prominent ; of 9 oblong-ovate, the post-petiole sub-quadrate and second segment sometimes sub-castaneous, or with the margin castaneous ; terebra shorter than abdomen, with spicula red. Legs slender and red ; coxae and trochanters black, anterior of $ white-marked beneath ; hind tarsi and tibiae apically nigrescent, the former in c^ with central joints ferrugineous or whitish ; tibiae of 9 spinu- lose. ^Vings darker in 9 ; tegulae wholly or partly white ; nervelet indicated. Length, 8-10 mm. X 2 308 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. {Crypitis. Thomson mentions a $ with lateral white pronotal lines which extend back to the humeri ; and lirischke found both sexes with the second segment almost entirely red, and a female in which the whole abdomen, excepting the petiole, was red. This species may be known by its entirely or partly white scutellum and tegulae, evidently spinulose hind tibiae and small size ; the white hind tarsal band of the $ is inconspicuous and often wanting. C. vidiiniorius is a very common species everywhere from May to August on flowers and in the sweep-net ; it is said by Boie (Stett. Ent. Zeit. xvi. p. 94) to possess the power of running on the surface of water like a Hydroniefj-a (and perhaps TricJiocrypius cinciorws) ; he considered it somewhat doubtfully parasitic upon Nonagria typhae ; and in France it has been bred from Eupiihecia oxycedrata. It has been recorded from Netley (Grav.) ; London and Salop (Stephens) ; Norwich (Bridgman) ; Isle of Man (Walker) ; Essex (Harwood) ; Hastings District (Hast. List) ; Whitsand Kay (Bignell) ; I have seen specimens from Felixstowe, taken by Hocking; Shotover and Bovey Tracey by Hamm ; Abinger Hammer by Butler ; Scarborough by Elliott ; Plumstead by Beaumont ; Lyndhurst by Adams; Lynton by S. Edwards; Guernsey by Luff; Felden by Piffard ; Monks' Wood and Mablethorpe by Thornley ; Barmouth by Yerbury ; Deal by W. Saunders ; Kingsdown and St. Margaret's by Sladen ; and Share by Capron. I have taken it at Upware in Cambs. in June ; at Barnby Broad and at Farnham in Suffolk ; and Chitty at Kingsdown and Huntingfield in Kent, in August. 7. sponsor, Fab. Ichneumon sponsor. Fab. E. S. ii. 153, 9- Cryptus sponsor. Fab. Piez. 83 ; Gr. I. F. ii. 554 et i. Suppl. 704 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 2S8 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 85, ? ; Voll. Pinac. pi. vi. f. 6, J ; Tschek, Verb. z.-b. Ges. 1870, p. 119 ; Thorns. O. E. v. 480, $ '^ ; cf. lib. cit. xxi. 2351 (nee Ratz.). C. quadrilinealus, (Jr I. E. ii. 535 ; Ste. III. M. vii. 285, $. Var. C. filieornis, Kalz. Ichn. d. Foist, i. 141, ?. C. atlentoiijis, Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 79, excl. ?. Black, somewhat shining, with white pubescence. Head with clypeus apically deflexed and slightly rounded, frons impressed with a central sulcus ; of 9 with cheeks somewhat short and sub-buccate, and frontal orbits narrowly white ; of $ v/ith mandibular spots, centre of face, whole facial orbits and part of external, white. Antennae black, of $ with central flagellar joints white. Thorax usually with white pronotal fascia ; $ also with a spot on mesonotum, two triangular and often basally con- fluent marks in the petiolar area, a callosity before and line beneath radix, white ; metathorax shining, rugosely punctate ; juxtacoxal areae distinct, the lateral broadest in centre of metapleurae, in $ before their centre ; both transverse costae distinct ; petiolar area small and sub-hexagonal, basally sub-arcuate ; apophyses distinct but not stout, spiracles linear. Scutellum of 9 black, of $ apically white. Abdomen very finely aluta- ceous, ovate-fusiform in ? , and sub-linear in $ ; castaneous, in ? with base or whole of first segment black ; basal segment of 5 gradully dilated with post-petiole sub-quadrate, of $ laterally straight and hardly explanate apically, convex and nitidulous ; terebra longer than half abdomen, spicula red. Legs sub-elongate, red ; coxae entirely castaneous or black-marked ; trochanters and apices of hind femora and tibiae nigrescent ; posterior and sometimes part of front tarsi, and of the anterior femora, infuscate ; $ Crypius.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 309 with hind tarsal hand, and marks on front or anterior coxae and trochanters, white ; ? with front tibiae stout. Wings distinctly clouded towards their apices, stigma of ? pale ; radix and tegulae dark, the latter white-marked in c^ ; nervelet short ; areolet pentagonal and somewhat large, its sides strongly convergent above ; nervellus evidently post-furcal and intercepted just below its centre. Length, 10-12 mm. The colour of the coxae and position of the nervellus will render this species distinct ; the 9 very rarely has the antennae entirely black. Gravenhorst points out that it is similar to C. Dianae, but that the antennae are a little shorter and stouter. Stephens says this widely distributed European species used to be not uncommon near London, in June, and in Salop ; Gravenhorst records it from Netley, bred from Nocttia val/igera and on Uinbelliferae^ in June and July. The variety filiformis has been bred by Ratzeburg from Trachaea piniperda. I know of no recent Uritish record. 8. apparitorius, Vill. IchneuDiou apparitorius, Vill. Linn. Ent. iii. 143, ? . Crypttis appari/oriiis, Gr. I. E. ii. 499 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 283 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 83, 9 . Var. C.pitiigciis, Gr. I. E. ii. 505, 9 . Head black, with traces of white at internal and external orbits ; epistoma distinctly prominent. Antennae centrally white above. Thorax black, with white callosity beneath radix ; metathorax centrally longi- tudinally rugose, with petiolar area strongly emarginate basally, and the spiracles large and elongate. Scutellum mainly, and post-scutelkim, white. Abdomen ovate, castaneous ; petiole alone black and laterally curved ; post-petiole laterally straight, quadrate and centrally sub-canaliculate, with prominent spiracles ; terebra nearly as long as abdomen. Legs red, coxae and trochanters entirely black ; hind tibiae and tarsi infuscate, the former rufescent basally, the latter with central joints somewhat paler. Wings only slightly clouded, with the nervelet distinct. Length, 10 mm. $ un- known. The \Vix\eiy pii /likens differs in nothing but in having the post-scutellum and callosity beneath the radix immaculate, and the post-petiole somewhat laterally rounded. Coombe Wood in June and elsewhere about London (Stephens). This would appear to be the only record outside Germany, and must be re- garded as somewhat doubtfully reliable. 9. attentorius, Schiif. Ichneumon attcitlorius, .Schaf. Ic. pi. clxxv. f. 7. Cryptus atlculorius, dr. I. E. ii. 492, 9; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, |). 79, excl. 6; Tschek, Verh. z.-b. Ges. 1870, p. 125, 6 9. C. ohscunts, var. 2, Gr. I. E. ii. 551 ; var. 2, Tasch. Zeits. CJes. Nat. 1865, p. 86, 6. Head black, with palpi ferrugineous ; 9 epistoma not prominent ; c^ sometimes with a mandibular dot, and the internal orbits obsoletely, pale. Antennae of $ sub-filiform, rather Kjnger than half the body, with flagellar joints not elongate and the central five white above ; of . cit. 529, i . \'arr. C. leucostoiniis, Gr. lib. cit. 531, (5 ; C. spectator, Gr. ltl>. cit. 529, 6. Head triangular, epistonia prominent, frons excavate, sub- rugose and dull above ocelli ; of S with palpi ferrugineous, base of mandibles, labrum, transverse clypeal line and the internal orbits, of $ with cheeks sub-compressed, either immaculate or with internal frontal and vertical orljits narrowly white. Antennae very slender, setaceous ; of 9 generally white-banded, of S nearly length of body. Thorax immaculate ; nieta- notum with transverse costae distinct and longitudinally rugose ; apophyses very distinct, spiracles elongate. Scutellum entirely black ; of male rarely with testaceous dot. Abdomen of $ linear, much narrower than tiiorax, of ? fusiform ; red, with base of first, apex of third or fourth, and the following segments entirely, black ; basal segment of ? laterally curved ; post-petiole deplanate, ol)soletely canaliculate, its posterior angles obtuse and the S spiracles large and prominent ; terebra rather shorter than abdomen. Legs red ; coxae and trochanters black, of ^ ^^'ith anterior sparingly white-marked beneath ; apices in $ , most or whole in ^ , of hind femora, of the spinulose hind tibiae and the hind tarsi, black ; S with hind tarsi centrally ferrugineous, of ? sometimes flavous or uni- colorously nigrescent, its onychii black. AVings usually distinctly clouded ; nervelet present ; stigma usually ferrugineous, of $ sometimes testaceous ; radix and tegulae dark, internal fenestra large ; areolet not large, obviously convergent above ; nervellus intercepted far below centre. Length, 8-1 1 mm. Both sexes of this species may be known by the elongate epomiae, fulvous post-petiole and femora and tibiae, and the black apices to both the hind femora and tibiae. The frons is more roughly sculptured and duller than C. obscurus, the cheeks are less buccate and the male petiolar spiracles more prominent. Of the varieties, leucostomus has the scutellum, external orbits in part and often the whole clypeus, flavidous ; the abdomen a[)ically compressed, with the second segment black. Spectator has scutellum apically white, the central segments castaneous ; coxae, trochanters and hind legs entirely black, with radix and tegulae infuscate. Gracilicornis differs in having no white flagellar band and the three apical seginents obsoletely paler at the margin. Stenogaster has the coxae and trochanters immaculate. This species is said to have been not uncommon about London by Stephens, and I have seen examples from Wellington College, Reading, in June, taken by Hamm. It is recorded from Bawsey Heath in Norfolk, by . Bridgman ; and from Essex by Harwood. Both sexes have been bred froin Cidaria picata (Proc. S. Lond. Soc. 1896), and the var. leucostomus from Trachea piniperda. But its headquarters a[)pear to be in the New Forest, whence Miss Chawner and Adams have sent it to me, and where I have found the female by no means rarely on Angelica sylvestris flowers in the middle of August at Matley Bog, together with a specimen of the male var. leucostomus. Morice lias given me the male from I'yrfurd, in June. 314 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. [Crypfus. 13. armatorius, Fal>. Ichneumon armatorius. Fab. E. S. ii. 134, ?. Cryptus armalorius. Fab. Piez. 71; Gr. I. E. ii. 502, 9 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges Nat. 1865, p. 84 c5 9 • C. spinosus. Or, I. E. ii. 558, 6 9 ; Tasch. Zeits. (ies. Nat. 1865, p. 84; Brisch. Schr. Nat. Danz. 1879, p. 332, 9 ; Thorns. O. E. v. 482 ; xxi. 2353, £ 9 . Head with internal and often external orbits narrowly whitish ; clypeus usually with a stramineous dot, epistoma prominent ; frons excavate nearly to ocelli, coriaceous-rugose and somewhat dull ; cheeks narrow. Antennae nearly filiform, with four central joints whitish in both sexes. Thorax immaculate ; metanotum centrally longitudinally rugulose, with transverse costae distinct ; apophyses acute, stout and compressed ; spiracles linear. Scutellum (in type form) white at apex. Abdomen red or castaneous throughout, of ? not convex ; post-petiole laterally straight and divergent, dorsally deplanate, with carinae distinctly elevated ; terebra longer than half abdomen. Legs of S black with front tibiae internally ferrugineous ; of ? more or less black, with the anterior femora ferrugineous or testaceous apically, the anterior tibiae and tarsi generally more or less internally rufescent or testaceous ; front tibiae sub-dilated. Wings broadly clouded at inner and apical margins ; radix and tegulae infuscate or black, latter rarely white ; areolet not large, its sides obviously convergent above ; internal fenestra and nervelet large ; nervellus intercepted far below the centre. Length, 8-10 mm. C. spinosus, Grav., by which name this species has hitherto been in- correctly known, differs slightly in having the scutellum, external orbits, clypeus and base of first abdominal segment, entirely black, with the terebra perhaps a little longer ; there can be no doubt, however, that it is synonymous with /. armatorius, Fab., which latter name must consequently take priority. This species has the head and thorax more strongly punctate than C. JDianae, and is abundantly distinct in its stout apophyses, the con- spicuous carinae of the post-petiole, which is entirely in the female, apically in the male, red, and in all the femora being basally black, except perhaps sometimes the anterior of the male. It would appear to be a rare species with us and not extending north of the Thames ; it is much more frequent in southern than in northern Europe. Marquand records it from the Land's End district, and I have seen a specimen taken by Luff in Alderney. It was first recorded as British by Desvignes in 1856, on the strength of examples in his own collection ; and Chitty has, I believe, recently found it at Loch Awe in May. 14. minator, Grav. Cryptus minator, Gr. I. E. ii. 556 et i. Suppl. 704, excl. var. ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 288; Ratz. Ichn. d. Forst. iii. 140; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 81 ; Thorns. O. E. v. 485 et xxi. 2353, $ '^•, cf. Brisch. Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1879, p. 332. Head with scrobes distinct and epistoma prominent ; frons not excavate above ocelli, vertically not rugose, laterally smooth and dull ; clypeus of $ discreted and apically broadly rounded ; both sexes with internal orbits pale and cheeks inunaculate ; $ also has a facial and a clypeal mark, the mandibles except at apex, labrum and palpi, white. Thorax immaculate ; metathorax not smooth at base, with transverse costae distinct, the basal Cry/>/us.] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 315 bisinuate in 9 and curved in ^ ; apophyses slender and sub-acute, spiracles oval-circular. Scutellum black. Abdomen red, with the laterally curved first segment basally or entirely, and the anus, nigrescent ; of S gradually dilated to the fifth segment, with the post-petiole narrow and only slightly broader than the base of petiole, smooth, with spiracles pro- minent and apical angles obtuse ; terebra only slightly shorter than abdomen. Legs red ; coxae, trochanters, hind tibiae, their tarsi and, in ^ , their femora above, nigrescent ; ^ with front coxae and trochanters dotted with, and third and fourth joints of hind tarsi, white ; front tibiae stout. Wings clouded ; radix and tegulae dark, latter rarely white ; areolet not large, obviously convergent above ; nervelet distinct, nervellus intercepted far below the centre. Length, 6 mm. Gravenhorst says that the size and outline of the female resemble those of C. sponsor, but that the antennae are rather more slender, and the areolet is apically narrow. The male is distinctly more slender than the female with the antennae thinner. His variety with darker legs is probably referable to C. matre//us, Tschek. This species, which Stephens says used to be not very common about London and in Shropshire at the end of June, was sent by Hope to Gravenhorst from Netley ; Parfitt beat it from trees in Devon in July ; and I possess specimens recendy taken by Capron about Shere ; Saunders at (ireenings ; Miss Alderson at Worksop in June ; and Yerbury at Much Markle in Hereford, in May. It occurs throughout northern and central Europe, and Ratzeburg has bred it in Germany from Hylotmpes bajulus. 15. tuberculatus, Grav. Cryptus tiibenulatiis, Gr. I. E. ii. 501 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 283 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1865, p. 83, ? ; Thorns. O. E. v. 485 et xxi. 2354, (5 9. C. nivesiigator, Tschek, Verh. z.-b. Ges. 1870, p. 123, 6 9. Shining and punctulate, with white pubescence. Head black ; frons impressed with small central furrow, not excavate above ocelli, scrobes distinct ; clypeus apically depressed and truncate, epistoma prominent ; of $ with internal and external orbits narrowly, of (^ with internal orbits broadly, white. Antennae nearly filiform ; centrally white above in $ . Thorax with pronotum dotted or margined with, and a line below radix, white ; metanotum very coarsely rugose, with transverse costae sub- obsolete ; apophyses acute, spiracles oval. Scutellum apically white. Abdomen finely alutaceous, of (^ linear and of ? oblong-ovate, red, with the petiole laterally, the anus slightly, infuscate ; basal segment of 9 laterally curved, dorsally smooth and shining, with prominent spiracles ; post-petiole bicarinatc, of c^ gradually dilated towards apex and not narrow, of 9 quadrate or sub-transverse ; terebra hardly longer than basal segment. Legs red, with coxae and trochanters black ; hind tarsi infuscate or in S white-banded ; S with hind femora and apex of hind tibiae black ; front tibiae stout and hind ones of 9 distinctly spinulose. AVings clouded ; radix piceous, tegulae and stigma white- marked ; areolet not large, obviously convergent above ; nervelet elongate ; nervellus interce{)ted far below centre. Length, 6-8 mm. This species is similar to C. minatot\ but it has the frons more broadly excavate and sub-rugose, the scutellum and tegulae white -marked, the 3l6 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. {Cryptus. spiracles of the nietathorax longer, the female terebra shorter and the male post-petiole broader. 'I'schek mentions two varieties of the female, the first of which has the hind femora infuscate or black, and the second, in addition, has the scutellum and a callosity beneath the radix black. Stephens records this species, which is common throughout north and central Eurojx% from the London district, in June. I have seen a male captured by Verbury at Pembridge, in July, and have myself taken it on elm in the same month at Ipswich. HABROCRYPTUS, Thomsoti. Thorns. O. E. v. (1873), 498. Head triangular, declived behind ocelli ; vertex narrow and centrally angularly emarginate ; eyes somewhat strongly convex ; clypeus prominent, sub-gibbose, mutic and deflexed before apex. Antennae filiform, of $ with narrow white band. Metathorax not short ; spiracles small and sub-circular ; apophyses wanting ; mesosternal sulci deeper behind the centre. Abdomen of $ fusiform and centrally red, of $ centrally more or less black ; anus not white-marked. Wings with areolet small and convergent above ; radix white. There appear to be but seven palaearctic species contained in this genus, although Cryptus ge?ninus, Grav., and four of Tschek's new species are doubtfully referred to it by Schmiedeknecht. Much confusion has existed in our collections regarding the first two here enumerated, of which the sexes are so dissimilar as to render their association for long a matter of considerable doubt. Table of Species. (6). I. Thorax black. (5). 2. Hind tibiae not basally white. (4). 3. Scutellum white and anus not black in $ ; $ with three hind tarsal joints white i. PORRECTORIUS, Fab. (3). 4. Scutellum and anus black in 5 ; (^ with two hind tarsal joints white 2. BRACHYURUS, Grav. (2). 5. Hind tibiae distinctly white basally 3. ALTERNATOR, 6^raz/. (i). 6. Thorax mainly red 4. MINUTORIUS, /^^f^. I. porrectorius, Fab. Ichneumon porrectorius, Fab. M. I. 260, 6 . Ischnus porrectorius, Gr. I. E. i. 642 ; Ste 111. M. vii. 20S, i . Iclmeumon assertorius, Eab. E. S. ii. 140, 9 . Cryptus asserlorius, F"ab. I'iez. 76 ; Gr. I. E. ii. 495 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 281, 9 ; Ilolmgr. Sv. Ak. Hand!. 1854, p. 55, es, Tasch. lib. cit. p. 100, ?. Habro- cryptus alternator. Thorns. O. E. v. 499, 6 9 ', cI l>l>. cit. xxi. 2364. Black. Head immaculate, with clypeus discreted, of c? broadly rounded apically, of 9 small with epistoma prominent. Antennae centrally white- banded and basally red in both sexes ; of $ slender and filiform ; of 9 with first flagellar joint about four times longer than broad. Thorax immaculate ; metal horax of $ scabriculous, of S convex, with basal lateral costae alone visible ; a{)ophyses wanting, spiracles small and circular. Scutellum entirely black. Abdomen nearly as broad as thorax, 320 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. \Hahrocryptus. with segments two and three, and in ? most or whole of first, red ; of $ parallel-sided, very finely and closely punctate, with post-petiole as long as broad, canaliculate, gradually dilated towards the obtuse apical angles, of 5 oblong-ovate, with post-petiole canaliculate, the petiole infuscate and the anus with an obsoletely white membrane ; basal segment of ? very slightly explanate with straight sides, dorsally deplanate and glabrous with obsolete spiracles, of $, slightly curved laterally ; $ with second segment closely and finely punctate and the third apically the broadest ; terebra rather shorter than abdomen. Legs slender and red ; coxae, trochanters, hind femora except at base, and the base of the anterior, black ; hind tibiae black, the posterior basally white-banded ; posterior tarsi infuscate, their basal joints and calcaria white. Wings sometimes clouded, with areolet of $ strongly convergent above ; radix white, tegulae black. Length, 5-7 mm. The nervelet of the female is longer than that of H. forrectorius, and in the male is punctiform. From the preceding, this species differs in its immaculate head and thorax, and in the hind tibial white basal band, in the female having the four apical segments black, with the seventh whitish and one or two hind tarsal joints white ; the coloration of the male is similar to that of the female, but the second and third segments are sometimes nigrescent. This species, which is by no means uncommon on the Continent, was not introduced as British till the publication of Marshall's 1872 Catalogue ; and the only record I can find is that of Bignell's capture of it at Bickleigh early in August (Trans. Devon. Assoc. 1898, p. 484). 4. minutorius, Fab. Ichneumon rnbricator, Panz. F. G. Ixxxiv. 14 f'«^c Thunb.) ?. Ciy/'tits constrictor. Fab. Piez. 84, ? . C. minittorius. Fab. lib. cit. 72 ; Gr. I. E. ii. 625 ; Ste. 111. M. vii. 294 ; Tasch. Zeits. Ges. Nat. 1S65, p. 88 ; Tschek, Verb. z.-b. Ges. 1870, p. 135, i/. 1. maculipennis, Grav. 2. fulveolata, Grav. HEMITELES, G^mz;. 1. pullator, Grav. 2. inustus, Grav. 3. fulvipes, Grav. 4. marginatus, Bridg. 5. submarginatus, Bridg. CATALOGUE. 331 HEM ITE LV.'i-contifiited. 6. scabriculus, Thorns. 7. varitarsus, Gnw. 8. capreolus, Thorns. 9. conformis, Gmel. 10. infirmus, Grav. 1 1. necator, Grav. 12. bicolorinus, Grav. 13. loiigicauda, Thorns. 14. areator, Patiz. 15. cingulator, Grav. 16. pictipes, Grav. 17. varicoxis, Tasch. 18. casta neus, Tasch. 19. pedestris, /vj^. 20. subzonatus, Grav. 21. contaniinatus, Grav. 22. incisiis, Bridg. 23. br Lin neus, Mori. 24. limbatus, Grav. 25. floricolator, Grav. 26. albomarginatus, Bridg. 27. niger, Tasch. 28. melanogaster, Thorns. 29. tristator, Grav. 30. sordipes, Grav. 31. cynipinus, Thorns. 32. si mills, Gmel. T^-x,- auriculatus, Thotiis. 34. melanarius, Grav. 35. obscurus, Bridg. 36. laevigatas, i?rt/s. 37. biannulatus, Grav. 38. hemipterus, A?^. 39. scriipulosus, Grav. 40. chionops, Grav. 41. rufocinctus, Grav. 42. varicornis, Grav. 43. dubiiis, Grav. 44. ridibundus, Grav. 45. balteatus. Thorns. 46. imbeciilus, Grav. 47. persector, /^r/r/! 48. tenuicornis, Grav. 49. oxyphiiiius, Grav. 50. meridionalis, Grav. 51. macriirus. Thorns. 52. argentatus, Grav. 53. nitidus, Bridg. 54. decipiens, Grav. 55. stagnalis, Thorns. H EMITELES— ^^^////////d'^/. 56. aestivalis, Graij. 57. hadrocerus, Thorns. 58. niinutus, Bridg. 59. gracilis. Thorns. 60. micator, Grav. 61. subannulatus, Bridg. 62. nielanopygus, Grav. 63. anglicaiuis, Mori. 64. distinctus, Bridg. 65. validicornis. Thorns. 66. [)olitus, Bridg. OTACUSTES, T^r//-^/. I. breviventris, Grav. CECIDONOMUS, .^/'/^[i,'-- 1. Westoni, Bridg. 2. xylonomoides, J/t;;-/. 3. inimicus, Grav. 4. gallicola, Bridg. Group. Pezomaehoides. PEZOMACHUS, 6^rat'. 1. sylvicola, Forst. 2. aquisgranensis, Fi^rst. 3. Kiesenwetteri, Forst. 4. zonatus, Forst. 5. vulpinus, Grav. 6. costatus, Bridg. 7. rufipes, Forst. 8. cautus, Forst. 9. aemulus, Forst. 10. vulnerans, FUrst. 11. canal iculatus, A'W/. 12. pilosus, Caf)ro7i. 13. acarorum, Linn. 14. mandibularis, Thorns. 15. festinans, Grav. 16. hieracii, Bridg. 1 7. nigritus, Forst. 18. spinulus, Thorns. 19. tener, Forst. 20. micrurus, FUrst. 21. formicaiius, /v/A. 22. Miilleri, Forst. 23. vagantiformis, Bridg. 332 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. FEZOMACUUS—confinued. ATRACTODES, Grav. 24. distinctus, Forst. I. vestalis, Hal. 25- analis, Forst. 2. bicolor, Grav. 26. attentus, Forst. 3- gilvipes, Holiiigr. 27. tonsus, Forst. 4- citator, Hal. 28. pu mi Ills, Forst. 5- gravidus, Grav. 29. gonatopinus, Thorns. 6. compressus. Thorns. . 30- anthracinus, Forst. 7- subrufus, Grav. 31- vngans, Oliv. 8. piceicornis, Hal. 32. frauclulentus, Forst. 9- exilis, Hal. 33- impotens, Forst. 10. salius, Hal. 34- timid us, Forst. II. croceicornis, Hal. 35- bicolor, Grav. 12. foveolatus, Grav. 36. ochraceus, Forst. 37- modestus, Forst. EXOLYTUS, ffolmgr. 38. 39- agilis, Grav. pulicarius, FalK tiistis, Forst. I. laevigatas, Grav. 40. 2. petiolaris, Thorns. 41. carnifex, Forst. 3- scrutator, Hal. 42. nigricornis, Forst. 4- splendens, Grav. 43. corrupter, Forst. 44. gracilis, Forst. MESATRACTODES, AforL 45- brevis. Bride;. I. properator, Hal. 46. Steveni, Grav. 47- instabilis, Forst. 48. Forsteri, Bridg. Tribe. CRYPTIDES. 49. 5°- cursitans, Grav. detritus, Forst. Sub-ttihe. MESOSTENINI. 51- pedicularius. Fab. NEMATOPODIUS, Grav. 52- comes, F'orst. 53- fasciatus, Fab. I. formosus, Grav. 54- palpator, Grav. 2. linearis, Grav. 55- geochares, Forst. 56- intermedius, Forst. MESOSTENUS, Grav. 57- hyponomeutae, Bridg. I. ligator, Grav. 58. indagator, Forst. 2. obnoxius, Grav. THAUMATOTYPUS, Forst. I. Billupsi, Bridg. Tribe. STILPNIDES. STILPNUS, Grav. 1. gagates, Grav. 2. pavoniae. Scop. 3. dryadum, Curt. 4. blandus, Grav. 5. deplanatus, Grav. Sub-tribe. CRYPTINI. PYCNOCRYPTUS, Thorns. I. peregrinator, Linn. SPILOCRYPTUS, Thorns. 1. incubitor, Strlini. 2. cimbicis, Tschek. 3. migrator, Fab. 4. fumipennis, Grav. 5. abbreviator. Fab. CATALOGUE. 333 SPILOCRYPTUS— r^////////^fl'. C R YPTUS— ^fl«//« w^. 6. adustus, Grav. 4- tarsoleucus, Schr. 7. mil:)eciilatiis, Grav. 5- higiibris, Grai\ 8. aniOL-mis, (iniv. 6. viduatorius, Fab. 7- sponsor, Fal>. GAMBRUS, Fdrs/. 8. a[)paritorius, /'///. 1. tricolor, Grav. 2. ornatiis, Grav. 9- 10. I r. attcntoriiis, Schiif. obscurus, Grav. albatorius, Vill. HOPLOCRYP rUS, Thorns. 1. bicingiilatus, Grav. 2. confector, Grav. 3. fugitivus, Grav. 12. 13- 14. 15- Dianae, Grav. armatorius, Fah. niinator, Grav. tuberculatus, Grav. 4. nigripes, Grav. 5. subrinctus, Grav. HABROCRYPTUS, Thovis. 6. diibius, Tascli. I. porrectorius, Fah. 2. brachyurus, Grav. ARITRANIS, Fdrst. 3- alternator, Grav. I. elegans, Z^^iz^. 4- minutorius. Fab. 2. carnifex. Grav. 3. rufus, yJ/rv-/. CAENOCRVPTUS, Thorns. 4. signatorius, 7^^//'. I. rufiventris, Grav. 2. antennatus, Brido. IDIOLISPA, Fdrst. I. analis, Grav. MEGAPLECTES, Fdrst. 2. obfuscator. Vi/L I. monticola, Grav. 3. coarctatus, Grav. GONIOCRYPTUS, Thorns. I. titillator, Z/';/«. ACRORICNUS, i?.i/0. I. macrobatus, Grav. 2. plebejus, Tschek. XYLOPHURUS, Fdrst. CRYPTUS, /vi^. I. lancifer, Grav. 1. cyanator, Grav. 2. spiralis, Fourc. N YXEO PH I LUS, Fdrst. 3. moschator, /a/\ I. Corsicus, Marsh. INDEX OF SYNONYMS, etc. ACRORICXUS. PAGE. Schaumii, Ratz 325 AGROTHEREUTES 270 abbreviator, Forst 278 batavus, Voll 271 Hopei, Forst 278 APTEROPHYGAS. paradoxus, Bridg 62 APTESIS. brachyptera, Forst 50 Foersteri, Bridg 115 graviceps, Marsh 49 hemiptera, Forst 154 microptera, Forst 51 nigrocincta, Forst 41 stenoptera, Marsh 60 sudetica, Forst 41 vestigialis, Forst 52 ASCHISTUS 109 ASYNCRITA. foveolata, Forst 253 ATRACTODES. albovinctus, Hal 251 arator, Hal 250 cuUellator, Hal 253 Dionaeus, Hal 254 flavicoxa, Thorns 251 flavipes, Thorns 256 foveolator, Thorns 253 fumatus, Hal 247 incessor, Hal 257 laevigatus, Thorns 254 petiolaris, Thorns 256 properator, Hal 258 ruficornis, Brisch 253 scrutator, Hal 256 spiniger, Voll 251 splendens, Thorns 257 tenebricosus, Thorns 246 varicornis, Holmgr 251 BASSUS. PAGE, zonator, Fab 260 BRACHYCENTRUS. brachycentrus, Sohm 3 pimplarius, Tasch 3 CALLIDIOTES. coxator, Gr 251 CALOCRYPTUS 4 congruens, Thorns 5 CATALYTUS. fulveolatus, Forst 115 longipennis, Feirst 115 Mangeri, Forst 115 CECIDONOMUS. rufus, Bridg 176 CHAERETYMMA. bipunctata, Strobl 14 CRATOCRYPTUS. opacus. Thorns 47 ruficoxis, Thorns 8 sternocerus. Thorns 14 CREMNODES. combustus, Forst 62 CRYPTUS. abcissus, Ratz 31 adustus, Gr 280 aereus, Gr 104 albus, Tasch 290 albolineatus, Gr 280 alternator, Gr 319 ambiguus, Tschk 299 amoenus, Gr 282 analis, Gr 268, 296, 299 anatorius, Gr 15 annulipes, Tasch 319 antennatus, Bridg 322 arrogans, Gr 29 assertorius, Fab 316 INDEX OF SYNONYMS, ETC. 335 CRYPTVS— continued. PAGE. ' CRYPTUS — continued. attentorius, Tasch 308 ater, Brisch 107 aterrimus, Gr 286 bcllosus, Curt 294 bic-ingulatus, Gr 286 bilineatus, Gr 15 bitinctus, Gr 74 bivinctus, Gr 7 Bombycis, Boud 275 brachycentrus, Gr 3 brachyurus, Gr 318 brevicornis, Gr 34 brevipennis, Desv 275 carnifex, (ir 293 cimbicis, Tscb 272 cinctorius, Fab 11 cinctorius, var., Gr 12 claviger, Tascli 107 coarctatus, Gr 298 confector, Gr 287 congruens, Gr 5 constrictor, Fab 320 contractus, Gr 31 cursitans. Fab 229 dentatus, Tasch 304 Dianae, Gr 310 difficilis, Tschk 310 dubius, Tsch 290 eborinus, Ratz 321 effeminatus, Gr 29 elegans, Desv 292 erythrinus, Gr 47 erythropus, Gr 16 filicornis, Ratz 308 flagitator, Gr 55 flagitator, var., Gr 56 formicarius, Fab 201 fortipes, Gr 20 fugitivus, Gr 288 fugitivus, var. 3, Gr 287 fumipennis, Gr 277 fumipennis, var. 2, Gr 275 furcator, Gr 13 gracilicornis, Gr 313 gracilis, Gr 288 grisescens, Gr g grossus, ( Jr 28 1 hemipteras. Fab 154 hostilis, Gr 319 humilis, Cir 34 incertus, Ratz 31 inconspicuus, (ir 304 incul)itor, Tsch 278 incubitor, Gr 271 incubitor, Ratz 272 inflatus, 'Ihoms 322 is( hioleucus, Cir 278 investigator, Tschk 315 lacteator, Gr 47 leucopsis, Gr 8 leucostictus, Gr 40 leucostomus, Gr 313 leucotarsus, Gr 28 longipes, Ratz 32 macrobatus, Gr 325 migrator, Gr 275 migrator, var. 9, Gr 277 minutorius, Fab 320 monticola, Wesm 323 nanus, Gr 85 nigripes, Gr 289 nubcculatus, Gr 281 nulicculatus, var. 2, Gr 296 obfuscator, Cir 297 obscurus, Cir 311 obscurus, var. 2, Cir 309 opisoleucus, Gr 280 ornatus, Gr 284 parvulus, Gr 11,16 pellucidator, Gr 104, 105 peregrinator, Gr 268 peregrinator, var. I, Gr 34 perspicillator, Gr 28 plebejus, Tsch 300 profiigator. Fab 64 pullator, Cir 122 punctatus, Ratz 31 pungens, Gr 309 pygoleucus, Gr 278 pygoleucus, var., Gr 271 quadrilineatus, Gr 308 ruficeps, Desv 292 ruficornis, Gr 96 rufipes, Gr 26 rufiventris, Gr 321 rufoniger, Desv 294 rufulus, Gr 75 sedulus, Gr 316 seticornis, Ratz 303 signatorius, Fab 294 spectator, Gr 313 spinosus, Gr 314 stenogaster, Gr 313 stomaticus, Gr 14 subcinctus, Gr 290 subguttatiis, Gr 31 subpetiohitus, Gr 16 tenuis, (ir 106 tibiator, Gr 278 tinctorius, Gr 10 titillator. Fab 299 tricinctus, Cir 46 tricolor, Cir 283 tricolor, Tasch 284 tumidus, Desv 32C) tyrannus, Cir 56 unicinctus, Cir 316 varicolor, Gr 44 varicox is, Tasch 293 varipes, Brisch 268 336 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. CYRTOCRYPTUS. page. brachycentrus, \'oll 3 DIACLYPTA 174 ECHTllRUS. lancifer, Gr 326 reluctator, Linn 326, 328 EPIPHOBUS 7 EXETASTES. cinctipes, Retz 325 EXOLYTUS. incertus, Forst 254 laevigatas, var. I, Hoi 256 GNATHOCRYPTUS 63 GONIOCRYPTUS. clypearis, Thorns 300 HABROCRYPTUS. assertorius, Thorns 316 brachyurus, Thorns 316 HEMIMACHUS. albipennis, Ratz 224 annulicornis, Brid.j; 219 confusus, Bridg 202 fasciatus, Ratz 233 hyponomeutae, Bridg 238 ovatus, Bridg 201 palpator, Ratz 235 piceus, Bridg 222 rutipes, Bridg 191 rufocinctus, Bridg 156 rufocinctus, Ratz 227 rufotinctus, Bridg 229 variabilis, Ratz 229 HEMITELES. aestivalis, var. 3, Gr 152 atricapillus. Thorns 62 breviventris, Gr 173 castaneus. Thorns 138 coactus, Ratz 136 completus, Ratz 133 coriarius, Tasch 177 crassiceps, Ratz 132 crassicornis, Gr 140 dissimilis, (^r 154 dromicus, Thorns 88 Esenbeckii, Thorns 78 fasciipennis, Brisch 131 fasciitinctus, Torre 131 formosus, Desv 106, 234 fragilis, Gr 106 fulveolatus, Thorns 115 HEMITELES— Lon/nij/ec/. page. furcatus, Tasch 152 Graxcnhorsti, Sc-hm 89 gyrini, Parf 162 ingrediens, Schm 93 inimicus, (jr 176 litorcus, Parf 161 luteivonlris, Gr 233 liiteolator, Gr iii maculipennis, Gr 113 micator, Gr 138 niixtus, Bridg 92 modcstus, Gr 165 nionozonius, Gr 138 nens, Hart 149 palpator, Gr 161,235 palpator, var. 2, Gr 165 palpator, var. 3, Gr 136 palpator, var. 5, Gr 161 papilionis, Curt 116 paradoxus, Schm 62 pidoeas, Boie 155 pulchellus, Gr 117 punctalus, Ratz 175 ruficaudatus, Bridg 102 ruficollis, Gr 165 ruficornis, Thorns 96 rufipes, Bridg 117 rufulus, Thonis 117 socialis, Ratz 123 stenopterus, Thonis 60 tenebricosus, Gr 246 tenerrimus, Gr 107 tibialis, Gr 117 vicinus, Gr 150 HOPLOCRYPTUS. confector. Thorns 28S elegans. Thorns 287 mesoxanthus, Thorns 294 HYGROCRYPTUS 291 carnifex, Thorns 293 Drewseni, Thorns 292 palustris, Bridg 285 ICHNEUMON. abbreviator. Fab 278 abbreviator, Panz 50 albatorius, Vill 311 apparitorius, Vill 309 aranearum, Fourc 187 areator, Panz 132 armatorius, Fab 314 assertorius. Fab 316 atricapillus, Gr 62 attentorius, Schaf 309 bellus, Gr 4 bifrons, Gmel 35 liitinctus, Gmel 74 INDEX OF SYNONYMS, ETC. 337 ICHNEUMON— con<««Med. page. Bonellii, Gr 80 brachvpterus, Gr 50 canaliculatus, Gr 8 cinctorius, Fab 11 conformis, Gmel 128 curvus, Schr 26 digitatus, Gmel 7 dromicus, Gr 88 Esenbeckii, Gr 78 fasciatus, Fab 233 flagitator, Rossi 55 formicarius, Fab 201 hemipterus, Fab 154 Hoffmannseggii, Gr 187 incubitor, Strom 271 laevigatas, Gr 254 leuccrhaeus, Don 275 micropterus, Gr 50 migrator, Fab 275 monotonus, Ratz 296 monticola, Gr 323 moschator, Fab 305 nigrocinctus, Gr 41 niveatus, Desv 38 obfuscator, \'ill 297 odynericidus, Duf 294 palpator, Mtill 161 pavoniae, Scop 242 pedestris, Fab 138 pedicularius, Fab 231 pedicularius, Panz 41 peregrinator, Linn 268 porrectorius, Fab 316 profligator, Fab 64 pulicarius, Fab 217 reluctator, Linn 328 rufulus, Gmel 75 rubricator, Panz 320 scirpi, Fourc 12 senilis, Gmel 70 signatorius, Fab 294 similis, Gmel 149 sperator, Mull 48 spiralis, Fourc 304 sponsor, Fab 308 subtilicornis, Gr 54 subzonatus. Gr 140 sudeticus, Gr 41 tarsoleucus, Schr 306 titiliator, Linn 299 transfuga, Gr 86 vagans, Oliv 210 vulpinus, Gr 189 lOCRYPTUS. regius, Thorns 323 ISCHNOCRYPTUS. hercj'nicus, Kriech 72 gcnirulatus, Krierh 84 ISCHNUS. PAGE. porrectorius, Gr 316 sannio, Gr 316 LEPTOCRYPTUS loi aereus. Thorns 104 claviger. Thorns 107 coUaris, Thoms 104 pellucidator, Thoms 105 ruficaudatus, Bridg 102 LEPTODEM.VS 12 LINOCERUS 324 macrobatus, Tasrh 325 LIOCRYPTUS. analis, Thoms 296 MACROBATUS. clavator, Holmgr 325 MACROCRYPTUS. lancifer, Thoms 305,326 MECOCRYPTUS. caliginosus, Thoms 18 MEDOPHRON. niger, Brisch 75 MESOCRYPTUS. brachycentrus, Thoms 3 MESOLEPTUS. albitarsus, Gr 29 coxator, Gr 251 laevigatus, Gr 254 splendens, Gr 257 MESOSTEXUS. gladiator, Scop 259 maurus, Marsh 259 MICROCRYPTUS. armatus, Kriech 30 cla%'atus, Krierh 30 contractus, Thoms 31 curvus, Thoms 26 gravipes, Thoms 35 vestigialis, Schm 52 MICROGASTER. perlac, Doum 145 Z 338 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. MUTILLA. PAGE. acarorum, Linn 194 acaroriim, Sclir 41 melanocepliala, Schr 233 NEMATOPODIUS. ater, Bridg. -Fitch 107 OPHION. clavator, Fab 325 OSPRYXCHOTUS 325 PAMMACHUS 19 PEZOLOCHUS. rufipes, Forst igo PEZOMACHUS. abbreviator, Gr 278 aberrans, Gr 275 ageletes, Forst 215 agilis, Gr 193 agilis, var. 4a, Gr 222 agilis, var. 56, Gr 200 ambulans, P'orst 179 anguinus, Forst 209 aries, Forst 190 atricapillus, Gr 62 avidus, Forst 194, 224 bellicosus, Forst 186 bicolor, Gr 191 bicolor, var. 2, Gr 210 bicolor, var. 3, Gr 205, 235 bicolor, var. 6, Gr 225 Billupsi, Thorns 239 Bonellii, Gr 80 brachypterus, Gr 50 callidus, Forst 211 calvus, Forst 210 consobrinus, Forst 219 consociatus, Forst 213 conveniens, Forst 224 currens, Forst 219 Debeyii, Forst 186 debilis, Forst 219 discedens, Forst 210 dromicus, Gr 88 dubitator, Forst 224, 225 dysalotus, Forst 224 ecarinatus, Forst 190 elaphrus, Forst 229 emarcidus, Forst 219 Esenbeckii, Gr 78 faunus, Forst 224 forticornis, Forst 190 fulveolatus, Gr 115 furax, Forst 209 fuscicornis, Forst 211 PKZO\^ACHUS— continued. page. fusculus, Forst 213 grandiceps, Thorns 206 Cjravenhorstii, Ratz 89 hemipterus, (ir 154 helvolus, Forst 219 Hoffmannseggii, Gr 187 Hopei, Gr 278 hortensis, Gr 194 hortensis, var. I, Gr 193 hortensis, var. 3, Gr 232 hortensis, var. 6, Gr 212 hostilis, Forst 211 immaturus, Forst 225 incertus, Forst 202 insidiosus, Forst 224 insolens, Forst 235 juvenilis, Forst 219 languidus, Forst 219 latrator, Forst 210 lepidus, Forst 205 linearis, Forst 197 lividus, Forst 219 lustrator, Forst 217 lutescens, Forst 219 Mangeri, Gr 115 melanophorus, Forst 190 micropterus, (jr 51 Neesii, Forst 185 nigrocinctus, Gr 41 ocissimus, Forst 196 pedestris, Gr 138 posthumus, Forst 196 procursorius, Forst 214 proditor, Forst 179 providus, Forst 215 pulex, Forst 225 quadrifasciatus, Kriech 185 Ratzeburgi, Forst 201 rufulus, Forst 219 scitulus, Forst 219 secretus, Forst 217 spurius, Forst 216 striolatus, Ratz 215 subtilis, Forst 219 subzonatus, Gr 140 sudeticus, Gr 41 tachypus, Forst 238 transfuga, Forst 205 trux, Forst 161,236 unicolor, Forst 219 vagans, Rosenh 138 vagans, var. I, Gr 215 vagans, var. 2, Gr 210 vagans, var. 4, Gr 215,227 venatorius, Forst 186 venustus, Forst 219 viduus, Forst 232 violentus, Forst 218 vorax, Forst 179 xylochophilus, Forst 194 INDEX OF SYNONYMS, ETC. 339 PHYGADEUON. page. abdoniinator, dr 36 abtloniinator, \ar. i, Gr 29, 44 abdoniinator, var. 3, Gr 28 aereus, Tascli 104 afflictor, Gr 75 arridens, Gr 38 basizonus, Gr 44 bifrons, Gr 35 brevicornis, Tascli 22 brevis, Gr 69 caliginosus, Gr 18, 21 campoplegoides, Ratz 88 cinctorius, Tasdi 11 cnemargus, Gr 68 commutatiis, Hatz 44 congruens, Tasch 5 corrupter, Tasch 18 cretatus, Gr 43 curv'us, Gr 26 diaphanus, Gr 95 digitatiis, Gr 7 errator, Marsh 37 erythrinus, Tasch 47 erytlirogaster, Gr 70 erythrostictus, Gr 6 facialis, Gr 43 flagitator, Tasch 56 flaveolatus, Gr 41 flavopunctatus, Bridg 30 fortipes, Tasch 20 fulgens, Tasch 39 fumator, var. Bridg 100 fumator, var. 4, Gr 48 fumator, var. 7, Gr 81 fumator, var. 9, Gr 89 galactinus, Gr 39 graminicola, Gr 34 gravipes, Gr 35 improbus, Gr 32 improbus, var. 2, Gr 38 jejunator, Gr 36 jejunator, var. I, Gr 51 jejunator, var. 2, Gr 50 jucundus, Gr 41 labralis, Gr 52 lacteator, Tasch 47 larvatus, Gr 44 niesozonius, Gr 254 nanopterus, Kief 154 nigrita, CSr 58 obscuripes, Tasch 28,36 oviventris, Gr 22,22 parvivcntris, Gr 68 plagiator, Gr 70 podagricus, Gr (.5 prolnis, Tasch 38 procerus, var. 2, Gr 93 profligator, Gr 64 profligator, varr. i et 3, Gr 65 profligator, var. 4, Gr 36 PHYGADEUON— coM/jMMeci. page. profligator, var. 5, Gr 36, 44 pteronoriiin, Hart 44 I)ullati)r, 'i'asch 122 pumilio, Gr. 55 quadrisjMiius, Gr 57 rufinus, Gr rufoniger, Bridg 33 seiiiipolitus. Tasch 83 senilis, Gr 70 sericans, Gr 45 sperator, Gr 48 Spinolac, Cir 35 subguttatus, Tasch 31 subtilis, Gr 82 tarsatus, Bridg 17 teneriventris, Gr 254 tenuipes, Gr 102 troglodytes, Gr 97 tyrannus, Tasch 56 vagabundus, Gr 65 varipes, Gr 68 PHYZELUS 53 PLECTOCRYPTUS 24 arrogans, Thorns 29 curvus, Thorns 26 flavopunctatus, Schm 30 perspicillator, Thonis 28 scansor, Thorns g senex, I^riech 29 POLYRHEMBIA. tenebricosa, Forst 246 PROCTOTRYPES. calcar, Hal 60 PSEUDOCRYPTUS. grisescens, Kriech 9 RIIEMI'.OBIUS 53 SPILOCRYPTUS. brevipennis, Kriech 275 dispar, Thoms 278 grossus, 'Ihonis 281 ihiubit//^f^^/. PAGE. Plusia gamma, L 124, 206, 231 ,, moiieta, Fab 277 Hydrocampa nymphaealis, L 12 Botys vertitalis, SV 105, 129 Ebulca samhucalis, SV 269, 299 Phycis betulella, (^lo 133 Tortrix piceana, L 216, 231, 237 ,, rosana, L 31S ribeana, H 318 „ viridana, L 133 Penthina cynosbana, L ... 130 Spilonota ocellana, SV 130 Grapholitha nigromaculana, H. ... 150 Carpocapsa pomonana, L 69 Catoptria microgrammana, G 155 Eupoecilia atricapitana, Ss 236 ,, ambiguana, H 133,279 Talaeporia pseudobombycella, O., 133, 224, 236, 305,322 Psyche opacella, Hs 280 ,, calvella, 133, 150, 217 pullella, Br 228 „ intermediella, Br., 103, 131, 133, 148, 159, 225, 237, 238, 279 „ viciella, Schiff., 225, 272, 277, 278, 279, 280, 282 „ aflinis, Reut 133 ,, tenella, Spey.® 115 „ constancella, Br.® 195 „ graminella, Wv.* 231 „ lichenella ® 237 ,, unicolor, Huf.* 277 „ atra, Esp.® 231, 272, 277 sp 235, 151, 228, 322 Solenobia triquetrella, H 148, 151 Tinea rusticella, H 82, 145 „ biselliella, Hml 135 „ tenella ■■• 131 Scvthropia crataegella, Stn 131 Yponomeuta padella, L 133,228 ,, evonymella, L. ... 133, 238 „ malinella, Zett.® 133 Cerostoma costella, F 133 Exaeretia allisella, Stn 137 Depressaria depressella, H 56 „ nervosella, Hw., 65, 145, 317 Depressaria heracleella, Deg 56, 57 „ tlia]isielia,® 134 sp 214 Ciclechia mulinclia, Ti 169 „ ail)ipalpplla, lis 133 vulgella, II 133 Endrosis fenestrelia, S 131 Acrolepia grariitella, Tr 139 Gracillaria phasianipeimella, H., 153, 228 „ auroguttella, Ss 153 Coriscium cuculipennella, H 153 Coleophora fuscedinella, Zell., 133, 236 ,, vibicella, H 218, 236 „ conspicuella, M 115 ,, pyrrludipennella, Ti. ... 227 „ anatipennella, H., 131, 133, 134 ,, ibipennella, Hey 134 „ currucipennella, Fisch., 133 ,, genistaecolella, Dbl. ... 228 „ flaviginella, Zell 179 „ saturatella, Stn 213 „ therinella, Stn. ... 133, 288 ,, caespititiella, Zell., 109, 228 „ hemerobiella, Zell. ... 150 nigricella, Ss 133, 135 ,, viminetella, Zell., 133, 225 ,, solitariella, Zell 53 „ melilotella, Sc 236 ,, ardeaepennella, Sr. ... 134 „ Giraudi, Rag.® 151 sp 217 Laverna epilobiella, Ss. ... 143, 153, 228 „ decorella, Ss 153 Chrysoclista Schrankella, H 153 Heliodines roesella, L 166 Chrysocorys festaliella, H. ... 125, 135 Elachista subnigrella, Dg 208 LithocoUetis bremiella, Zell 126 ,, spinicoUella, Zell. ... 150 ,, frolichiella, Zell 129 ,, schreberella, F. ... 117, 126 s^P 133 Cemiostoma lotella, Stn 322 Nepticula centifoliella, Zell 179 HYMENOPTERA. PAGE. Aculeata 176, 305 Formica rufa, L 51,190 „ sanguinea, Latr 209, 280 Lasius fuliginosus, Latr 217 ,, niger, L 191 Myrmica ruginodis, Nyl 186 ,, scabrinodis, Nyl 186 ,, laevinodis, Nyl 42 Amniophila sabulosa, L 306 sp 259 PAGE. Spilomena troglodytes, VL 295 Trypoxylon sp 259 Crabro Wesmaeli, VL 83 ,, quadrimacidatus, Dlb 16 Odynerus laevipes. Shuck., 275, 285, 295 ,, rubicola, Duf.® 295 Eumenes coarctata, L 325,326 „ pomiformis, Rossi ® 325 sp 304.325 Chalicodoma muraria, F.® 277 HOSTS. 343 HYMENOPTERA-rr;///////^frt'. Osmia tridcntata, Duf.- „ adiinca, Panz. •■ .. sp Bonibus hortoriim, L. I'Al.K. 288, 295 325 259 81 Cimbex sylvariim, F „ variabilis, KI. ... 231, 272, Trichiosoma lucorum, L., 133. 272, „ tibialis, Ste 133, betuleti, Kl., 133, 137, Clavellaria amerinae, F.*, 137, 260, Arge rosarum, F.* 272, Lophyriis pini, L., 32, 45, 69, 108, 137, 231, 280, 281, 282 ,, pallidus, Kl.--' 41. ,, catoraliis, VoU.* „ similis, Htg.,* 32, 45, 69, 137, 280, 281 „ rufus, Kl.--- „ nemorum, Htg.--' sp. Blennocampa pusilla, Kl Fenusa pumila, Kl " sp Strongylogaster cingulatus, F. Emphytus cinctus, L., 17, 23, 107, 291 „ serotinus, Kl 8 „ tibialis, Panz Tenthredo sp Tenthredopsis instabilis, Kl 275 275 275. 273 275 275 . 277 , 281 282 133, 45 231 256 124 133 157 21 108, 7.99 87 256 311 Biorrhiza aptera, Bosc 1 33. 136 Cynips KoUari, Htg., 29, 112, 131, 133, 146, 150, 161, 175, 176, 177 „ rhizomae, Htg 214 Aulacidea hieracii, Bon., 112, 198, 199 Rhodites eglanteriae, Htg. ... 112,159 „ rosae, L 112,128 „ rosarum, Gir 112 Rhogas modestus, Rein 326 Ascogaster sp 153 Apanteles ordinarius, Ratz. ... 124,133 „ congestus, Xees, 124, 126, 206, 231 PAGE, Apanteles glomeratus, I.., 124, 124, 159, 217 ,, fiilvipcs, I lal 149 ,, spurius, Wesni 124, 210 ,, zygaenarum, Msh., 124, 22S, '228 „ nothus, Msh 12') ,, difiicilis, Nees 126 „ octonarius, Ratz 123 „ ruficoxis, Msh 219 spp. 234, 153, 124, 124, 269 Microgaster intricatus, Hal 117 „ crataegi, Ratz. ... 123, 228 spp., 105. 107, 124, 124, 126, 129, 131, 132, 133, 135, 166, 195, 215, 231 Perilitus flavipes* 2^7 Meteorus ictericus, Xees 134 „ unicolor, Wesm 139 Macrocentrus thoracicus, Noes 133 Alysia manducator, Panz 248 Miorocryptus basizonius, Grav 133 Hemiteles fulvipes, Grav 219 „ areator, Panz 275 Mesostenus obno.xius, Grav 137 Spilocryptus cimbicis, Tschk. 133, 231 Pimpla sp 134 Exetastes sp 282 Henicospilus merdarius, Grav 90 Paniscus sp 135 Campoplex pugillator, 1 300 sp 228, 326 Limneria vulgaris, Tschk 133 sp. ... 53, 107, 139, 148, 228 Porizon harpurus, Schr. 112 Gasteruption assectator, L 288 Torymus obsoletus, Nees 275 ^ -. sp 274 Pteromalus Boucheanus, Ratz 124 sp 126, 274 Elasmus flabellatus, Fonsc 126 Entedon vinulae, Ratz.* 124 COLEOPTERA. PAGE. N'ebria Gyllenhali, Schr 109 Patrobus assimilis, Chaud 109 Gyrinus natator. Scop. if)0, 163, 233 Phloeopora reptans, Grav 134 Myrmedonia collaris, Pk 42 Coccinella septempunctata, L 235 I.aemophloeus ferrugineus, Ste. ... 141 Typhaea fumata, 1 141 Dermestes sp 133 PAGE. Anthrenus sp 133 Hedohia imixTJalis, 1 133 -Anolnuni domcsticuni, Fou. ... 131, it>b „ denticolle, Pz 133 sp iGi Ptilinus pectinicornis, L 133 Tetropiuni castancuin, 1 21 Hylotryprs bajulus, 1 315 Saperda populnca, 1 4, 297 344 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. COLEOPTE^A—co;atHuei/. PAGE. Agapanthia carckii, L 305 Orchesia micans, Panz 146 Otiorhynchiis mauriis, Gyll 109 Hypera rumicis, L 761 Pissodes notatus, F 151, 166 Miarus campanulae, L 235 Clonus scrophulariae, L., 133, 225, 228 Scolytus destructor, OI 166 Myelophilus piniperda, L 151 DIPTERA. PAGE. Rhabdophaga rosaria, L\v 133 Stratiomys cameleon, 1 91 Dioctria Baumhaueri, Mg 40 Syrphid larvae ... 75, 78, 135, 148, 254 Eristalis floreus, L 59 sp 58 „ sepulchralis, L 277 Myiatropa florea, L 59 Tachinid pupae 89 Blepharidea vulgaris, Fin 263 Tachina larvarum, L 263 Digonochaeta spinipennis, Mg. ... 37 Anthomyia radicum, 1 242 „ sp 99 Lipara tomentosa, Gir.® 164 „ lucens, Mg 164 NEUROPTERA. Chrysopa perla, L 166 spp 133, 137, 145, 166 Raphidia notata, Fab 134 HEMIPTERA. Aphides 46, 75, 133, 135, 148, 321 PAGE. Agroeca brunnea, BL, 106, 107, 189,225, 234 ,, proxima, Camb 107 Agelena labyrinthica, CI 205 Theridion sisyphium, CI 147 sp 234 Epeira diademata, CI 148,150 „ sp 127 Pisaura mirabilis, CI 200 ARACHNIDA, etc. PAGE. Lycosa puUata, CI 234 Acarus 140 Chthonius Rayi, Koch 213 Obisium muscorum, Lch 60, 61 Lithobius forficatus, Lch 61 INDEX. PAGE. ACANTHOCKVPTUS 53 flagitator, Rossi 55 Ilopei, Mori 56 nigricollis. Thorns 54 nigrita, Grav 5^ quadrispinosus, Grav 57 ACRORICNUS 324 macrobalus, Grav 325 ARITRANIS 291 carnifex. Grav 293 elegans, Desv 292 rufus, Mori 293 signatorius, Fab 294 ATRACTODES 245 bicolor, Grav 247 citator, Hal 249 compressus, Thorns 250 croceicornis, Hal 253 exilis, Hal 252 foveolatus. Grav 253 gilvipes, Holmgr 248 yravidus, Grav 249 piceicornis, Hal 251 salius, Hal 252 subrufus, Grav 251 vestalis, Hal 246 CAENOCRYPTUS 321 antennatus, Bridg 322 rufiventris, Grav 321 CECIDONOMUS 174 gallicola, Bridg 177 inimicus, Grav. .. 176 Westoni, Bridg 175 xylonomoides, Mori 175 COELOCRYPTUS 5 rufiniis, Grav 6 CRATOCRYPTUS 12 anatorius, Grav 15 furcator, Grav 13 parvulus, Grav 16 stomaticus, Grav 14 subpetiolatus, (jrav 16 tarsatus, Bridg 17 I'AGE. CREMNODES 61 atricapillus, Grav 62 paradoxus, P>ridg 62 CRYPTUS 301 albatorius, Yill 311 ajiparilorius, Vill 3^9 arniatorius, Fab 3'4 altentorius, Schiif 309 cyanator, Grav 303 Dianae, Grav 313 liigubris, Grav 306 minator, Grav 314 moschator. Fab 3°5 obscurus. Grav 3'° spiralis, Fourc 304 sponsor, Fab 308 tarsoleucus, Schr 306 tuberculatus, Grav 315 viduatorius, Fab 307 CUBOCEPHALUS 19 brevicornis, Tasch 22 fortipes, Grav 20 nigriventris, Thorns 21 ovivenlris, Grav 22 DEMOPHELES 18 caliginosus, Grav 18 EXOLYTUS 254 laevigatus, Grav 254 petiolaris, Thorns 256 scrutator, Hal 256 splendens, Grav 257 GAMBRUS 283 ornatus, Grav 284 tricolor, Grav 283 GHiAUDIA 4 congruens, Grav 5 GLYPHICNEMIS 63 brevis, Grav 69 clypealis, Thorns 68 erythrogaslra, (irav 70 parvivcnlris, (irav 68 profligator, Fab 64 senilis, Gmel 7° 346 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. GhYl'niCNEUlS-coittiniteJ. page. Suffolciensis, Mori 67 vagabunda, Grav 65 GONIOCRYPTUS 298 plebejus, Tschek 300 lilillalor, Linn 299 HABROCRVPTUS 316 alternator, Grav 319 brachyurus, CJrav 318 miniitoriiis, Fal) 320 porrectorius, Fab 316 IIELCOSTIZUS 3 brachycentrus, Grav 3 HEMITELES 116 aestivalis, Grav 165 ailiomarginatus, Bridg 145 anglicanus, Mori 170 areator, Panz 132 argentatus, Grav 162 auriculatus, Thorns 150 balteatus, Thorns 158 biannulatus, Grav 153 bicolorinus, Grav 130 brunneiis, Mori 143 capreolus, Thorns 128 castaneus, Tasch 136 chionops, CJrav 155 cingulator, Grav 134 conformis, Gmel 128 contaminatus, Grav 142 cynipinus, Thorns 148 decipiens, Grav 164 distinctns, Bridg 171 dubius, Grav 158 floricolator, Grav 145 fulvipes, Grav 123 gracilis, Thoms 168 hadrocerus, Thoms 167 hemipterus, Fab 154 imbecillus, Grav 159 incisus, Bridg 142 infirmus, Grav 129 inustus, Grav 122 laevigatus, Ratz 152 limbatus, Grav 144 longicauda, Thoms 131 macrurus, Thoms 162 marginatus, Bridg 124 melanarius, Grav 150 melanogaster, Thoms 147 melanopygus, (jrav 170 meridionalis, (jrav 162 micator, Grav 168 minutus, Bridg 167 necator, (jrav 129 niger, Tasch 146 nilidus, Bridg 163 H EMITELES —continued. page. obscurus, Bridg 152 oxyphinuis, Clrav 161 pedestris, Fab 138 persector, F'arf. 160 piclipes, Grav 135 politus, Bridg 172 pullator, Grav 122 ridibundus, Grav 158 rufocinctus, Grav 156 scabriculus, Thoms 126 scrupulosus, Grav 155 similis, Gmel 149 sordipes, Grav 148 stagnalis, Thoms 164 subannulatus, Bridg 169 submarginatus, Bridg 125 SLibzonatus, Grav 140 tenuicornis, Grav 160 tristator, Grav 147 validicornis, Thoms 172 varicornis, Grav 157 varicoxis, Tasch 136 varitarsus, Grav 127 HOPLOCRVPTUS 285 bicingulalus, Grav 286 confector, Grav 287 dubius, Tasch 290 fugitivus, Cjrav 288 nigripes, Grav 289 subcinctus, Grav 290 IDIOLISPA 296 analis, Grav 296 coarctatus, Grav 298 obfuscator, Vill 297 MEGAPLECTES 323 monlicola, Grav 323 MESATRACTODES 257 properator, Hal 258 MESOSTENUS 259 albinotatus, Grav. .". 263 ligator, Grav 260 obnoxius, Grav 260 MICROCRYPTUS 23 abdominator, Grav 36 arridens, Grav 38 arrogans, Grav 29 basizonius, (irav 44 bifrons, CJmel 35 brachypterus, Grav 50 cretatus, Grav 43 errator, Marsh 37 erythrinus, (jrav 47 flavopunclatus, Bridg. .. 30 galactinus, Grav 39 INDEX. 347 MICROCRVPTUS-rav 105 tenerrimus. Grav 107 tenuipes, (Jrav I02 tenuis, Grav 106 PEZOMACHUS 177 acarorum, Linn 194 aemulus, Fiirst 192 agilis, Grav 216 aquisgranensis, Forst 185 anal is, Forsl 204 anlhracinus, Forst 208 attentus, Forst 205 bicolor, Grav 214 brevis, Hriflg 226 canaliculalus, Forst 193 carnifex, Fcirst 219 PEZOMACllUS-(W///////tr/. TACK. ! cautus, Fiirst 191 comes, Forst 232 ' corruptor, Fiirst 224 I costalus, Lriclg 190 cursitans, Grav 229 detritus, Ftirsl 231 distinctus, Forst 204 fascialus. Fab 233 I festinans, Grav 196 forinicarius, Fab 20I Fnrstcri, Rridg 229 1 (raudulentus, Forst 21 1 geochares, Forst 237 gonatoiiinus. Thorns 207 gracilis, Forst 225 hieracii, Bridg 197 I hyponomeutae, Bridg 238 inipolens, Forst 212 iiidagator, Forst 238 instabilis, Forst 227 intermedins, Forst 209 I Kiesenwetteri, Forst 186 mandiijularis, Thorns 196 micrurus, Forst 200 modestus, Forst 215 Miilleri, P'drst 202 I nigricornis, Forst 222 ' nigritus, Forst I98 ochraceus, Forst 214 palpator, Grav 235 pedicularius. Fab 231 pilosus, Capron I94 pulicarius, Fab 217 pumilus, Forst 206 rufipes, Fdrsl 190 spinulus. Thorns 199 Steveni, Grav 226 sylvicola, Forst 184 tener, P'orst 200 timidus, P'orst 213 tonsus, Forst 206 trislis, P'orst 218 vagans, Oliv 210 vagantiformis, Bridg 203 vulnerans, Forst 193 vulpinus, Grav 189 zonalus, Forst 187 PHYGADEUON 71 ambiguus, Grav 93 assimilis, Giav 89 bitinctus, Gmel 74 brachyurus, Thoms 86 brevilarsis, Thoms 95 cephaloles, Grav 86 dimidiatus, Thoms lOO dumetorum, Grav 90 exiguus, (Jrav 91 flavinianus, Grav 87 fumator, Grav 97 Gravenhorsti, Forst. 80 348 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. VHYG AiyElJON— co/ih/ittea'. page. Heinemanni, Forst 79 hercynicus, (jrav ... 94 inflatu.s, Thorns 99 leucostigmus, Grav 84 Marslialli, Bridg 93 mi.xtus, Bridg 92 nanus, Grav 85 nilidus, Grav 95 nyctemerus, Grav 76 ovatus, Grav 96 procerus, Grav 78 rotundipennis, Thorns — lOO rufulus, (Jniel 75 rugulo'-us, (jrav 83 rusticellae, Bridg 82 scaposus, Thorns lOO Scoticus, Marsh 84 sodahs, Tasch 7^ speculator, Grav 77 vagans, Grav 81 variabilis, Grav 88 PLECTOCRYPTUS 7 digitatus, Gmel 7 grisescens, Grav 9 leucopsis, Grav 8 tinctorius, Grav 10 PYCNOCRYPTUS 267 peregrinator, Linn 268 PAGE. SPILOCRYPTU.S 270 abljreviator. Fab 278 aduslus, Grav 280 amoenus, (irav 282 cimbicis, Tschk 272 fumipennis, Grav 277 incubitor, Strom 271 migrator, Fab 275 nubeculatus, Grav 281 SPINOLIA 113 fulveolata, Grav 115 maculipennis, Grav 113 STILPNUS 241 blandus, Grav 244 deplanatus, Grav 244 dryadum. Curt 242 gagates, (Jrav 243 pavoniae. Scop 242 THAUMATOTYPUS 239 Billupsi, Bridg 239 TRICHOCRYPTUS 10 aquaticus. 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