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 IBS 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE CLASSES. 
 
 I he Education Committee have arranged for Correspondence Classes to beheld annually, from about October 
 to March, in all sections of the Examination Syllabus of the Library Association, by experienced Conductors. They 
 are confined to students living outside the London District. 
 
 Section I. — Literary History. Miss Dormer Harris. 
 
 II. — Practical Bibliography. Mr. James Hutt, M.A. 
 
 III. — Classification. Mr. Henry A. Sharp. 
 
 IV. — Cataloguing. Miss Ethel Gerard. 
 
 V. — Library Organisation. Mr. B. M. Headicar. 
 
 VI, — Library Routine. Mr. Walter S. C. Rae. 
 
 Each course will comprise twelve fortnightly lessons, consisting of a prescribed selection of technical reading, 
 .hints and advice on study and practical work, and questions or subjects for essays, upon which the Conductor will 
 write comments and corrections. 
 
 The fee for each course will be 15s. (18s. for students abroad), payable in advance. 
 
 Persons wishing to enter for any course must apply before the end of September to the Hon. Secretary 
 Education Committee, Caxton Hall, Westminster, S.W., who will forward the Syllabus of Information. The initial 
 instruction as to reading and the method of correspondence will then be sent out by the Conductor of the Class 
 {(selected. Students cannot be admitted after the first lessons have been sent out. 
 
 INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS. 
 
 c u K tUde f nt T S are . requested to acquinint themselves with the information issued by the Library Association with the 
 Syllabus of Examinations, which gives details of the subjects dealt with, and list of the text-books recommended. 
 
 The course will consist of exercises covering the whole section, and a trial examination-paper, which students will 
 be expected to attempt without the aid of text-books. 
 
 ,, 5T eful attention must be paid to the official instructions, and on no account are exercises to be posted later than 
 pthe date given on each paper. V 
 
 | Students may at any time ask questions omobscure points arising out of the lessons, , 5nd they will be answered 
 in the next letter sent out. 
 
 i 
 
 , "Vi answ «-s to questions and exercises should be clearly written on paper of foolscap size, and tl^e student’s name 
 md address should be written at the top of each sheet, along with the number of the paper.,- 
 
 , llK - w j U b ® ex P<Ted to provide themselves with the text-books recommended by tfte Conductor in each 
 mbject. It is also advisable that constant use should be made of the books of reference mentioned in the syllabus. 
 
 k J mCe th ® who J e success of these Correspondence Classes, preparatory to the 'Examination held by the Library 
 honpH rh T’ depe " d ® u P° n the attention of the students and their diligence in reading and note-taking, it is to be 
 h ped that every student will persevere all through the course, and read with care the vafibus text-books recommended 
 : ve all, answers to questions should be pithy and concise ; the time allowed at an examination never seems long 
 
 enough, simply because students are not accustomed to putting answers in the briefest form. 
 
 Ul i d thorou g hl y understand that the Teachers conducting the Correspondence Classes do not profess 
 to do all the work of preparing them for the examinations. Classes are meant to stimulate and assist those who are 
 
 at the eWnation^ 84 ’ ^ d ° Se ^ perseverin § private stud y on the lines of the Syllabus is indispensable for success 
 
 R. &C. 1000 12/8/19 
 
p R A C H C A L BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 CORRESPONDENCE COURSE FOR THE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION, 1919,— 
 CONDUCTOR: James Hutt , A. A. , Borough Librarian, Portsmouth 
 
 INTRODUCTORY:-- This course is intended for the benefit of 
 
 students who desire to take the Library Association’s certificate 
 in Section II., and is concerned only with practical bibliography; 
 it does not touch on book selection. 
 
 In this section, as in others (e.g., classification and. 
 cataloguing), a student's progress will depend as much on his 
 reading of°the works set out in the syllabus, and on his practical 
 handling of books, as on working through what may be set in this 
 correspondence course. As many as possible of the works in 
 Practical Bibliography mentioned in the Syllabus and in Brown’s 
 "Guide to librarianship" should be read through carefully, and 
 reference made to the articles indexed in Cannon 3 ’Bibliography. 
 The details of each lesson sent out will contain references to ^ 
 passages to be read specially in connection with that lesson. Each 
 student Is, therefore, advised to work as follows:-- 
 
 1.- 
 
 read 
 
 right through the lessons 
 
 when received; 
 
 4 
 
 2.- 
 
 read 
 
 the passages indicated; 
 
 * 
 
 
 3 . - 
 
 attempt where possible to find 
 various points in books; 
 
 actual examples of 
 
 4.- 
 
 look 
 
 iip likely reference books 
 
 given in the L- a. 
 
 Syllabus for passages bearing on the section dealt 
 with ; 
 
 5.- answer the questions. 
 
 In answering questions students should always remember to 
 (a) be sure that they understand the question; (b) be as ooncise 
 as possible; (c) give illustrations, and any information known 
 to them which may add precision to their answers (e.g., in giving 
 a "definition. " the derivation of the word set should be added, if 
 known) . 
 
 The student should obtain Brown’s 'llanual of practical biblio- 
 graphy." which will form the basis of this course, and will be 
 referred to as "Brown," and also Aldis' "The Printed book," (Carnb. 
 Univ Press) 1916. 
 
 As composition, style, etc. are taken into consideration by 
 the examiners, a subject for a short essay (if to 2 f ’ cap. pages) 
 will be set, as well as one or more questions, at the ena of each 
 lesion. These should be answered on f'cap. paper, writing on one side 
 only, leaving a left-hand margin of two inches for remarks, and 
 should be sent in by the date set at the foot of the paper, addressed 
 to James Hutt , A. A., Central Public Library, Portsmouth. If sent in ■ 
 a wrapper, or unsealed envelope, endorsed "Examination papers only," 
 papers may be forwarded at "Printed paper" rates. Ho communication 
 in the nature of a letter may be enclosed. 
 

 
 7 
 
 
 ' 
 
 ■ 
 
 - 
 
 
 ' 
 
I! 
 
 v» 
 
 p R A c P I C A L 
 
 3 IBiil 0 Cr H A ? H Y, LESSOU I. 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY: what it is; practical as opposed to historical. 
 
 Perms used in Bibliography. 
 
 REAP carefully: - 
 
 Brown pp. 157-162, Glossary (and definition:). Phese should 
 be thoroughly understood; they need not all be^ committed 
 to memory. (Bee also glossary in Roger'-? Manual ox 
 bibliography, IT pp. 160-166, where derivations are given.) 
 
 Brown, oh. I- 
 
 Buff. "Early printed boons," pp. 201-205. 
 
 Horne. "Introduction, 11 p. 27. 
 
 Thomas. Article "Bibliography" in Encyclopaedia Britanniea, 
 
 9th ed. 
 
 Pollard. do. do 11th ed. 
 
 Q U E S P I 0 H 3 ■ 
 
 1. - Define the following: Bibliography, Bloco-books, Colophon, 
 
 Incunabula . 
 
 2, - How does practical bibliography bear on the work of the 
 
 librarian? 
 
 ESSAY:- Describe the difference between "Bibliography" as 
 understood by Duff and Brown. 
 
 Papers to be returned by Saturday, October 25th, 19iy. 
 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2015 
 
 https://archive.org/details/practicalbibliogOOhutt 
 
 
PRACTICAL 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY, 
 
 LESSOE II. 
 
 Having seen by our reading as set in lesson I. the difference between 
 Historical ana Practical Bibliography, we now see further that 
 the latter consists of 
 
 1. Collation and description ox books 
 
 2. Essentials of good book-pro duct ion 
 
 3. Compilation of bibliographies 
 
 Each of these subjects will be dealt with in detail. 
 
 1. may be divided into aub~d±vidlons thus*. - 
 
 j(a) collation: the make-up of books, ©Id and new. 
 
 (b) the difference between new issues, reprints and 
 new editions. 
 
 (c) bibliographical description, 
 
 (a) 'That is collation? How is/^ it carried- out with bo-oks of various, 
 dates? What does one first / l&ok for in collating broker? 
 
 To collate a book is to examine it right through to sea that it 
 is parfeot. Here it is necessary to be familiar with the defin- 
 itions of words used in describing the make-up of books. 
 
 The points about books which may help in determining their 
 • perfection consist of the following: - 
 Humber of loaves; are they all perfect? Are .some of the sections 
 made up or original? Is the book foliated or paged? If neither 
 ox the latter, then try use ex catchwords or signatures. Does the 
 bock 1 s state thus ascertained agree with some standard collation, 
 e.g., with Main or Hadan? 
 
 In later books which have foliation, or pagination, he., there is 
 less need to examine with the detail set out by Pollard, as the 
 printer has given (in all probability) the necessary indications 
 to determine the completeness of the book. 
 
 notice the evolution of our m-odern system of pagination and 
 signatures . 
 
 REAL carefully 
 
 Pollard, article Bibliography, sect. I. (Ensy. Brit.) Examination ' 
 and collation. 
 
 Brown,, Gimp. IV. 
 
 Attempt to obtain an early printed book or books for examination 
 and collation. 
 
 RUE Si IOiiS • 1. That d$ you mean oy watermarks, catchwords, verso? 
 
 2. If you have a 15th century book without foliation or pagin-N 
 ation given to you to collate, what features would you look 
 xor in sequence? 
 
 ESSAY. The evolution ox the modern method of paging the printed book. 
 Papers to be returned by Saturday, Eovenber 9th. 
 

 
 
 1 
 
 ( 
 
13 
 
 13 
 
 :.J X 0 -r ii A 
 
 II Y 
 
 S: Li ruled up with collation is the JmrjgLedge of^ the 
 
 'books. All sizes are obtained from folding a full 
 In old books, the folio is one in which the full sheet 
 Of naber is once folded; several such rollings were placed 
 
 ; ’Of 300 
 sizes o' 
 sheet . 
 
 within one- another to make a 'gathering' or section 
 
 maza 
 
 jets 
 
 six leaves, 
 to make four 
 
 e.g. three sheets together, to 
 usual) in a section, -or two sh 
 on. See figs .. 1 and ' 2<. 
 
 Smaller sizes wore obtained by various 
 sheet: 4to. by folding the folio into four 
 
 an 8vo . by folding the 4to. into S loaves (see 
 
 The student is advised’ to obtain a large 
 and. if it does not bear wart go /ark and ’chain’ 
 to mark them on the sheet' in pencil, and thou 
 described above, also in other, ways, to obtain 
 known size3. 
 
 fables giving the ordinary foldings ( from 
 
 l as 
 leaves 
 
 :or binding, 
 is most 
 
 and s o 
 
 oldings 
 
 the position o: 
 
 watermark and direction of 
 
 h( 
 
 O 
 
 with indications o 
 
 chain- lines, will be found at the end o 
 rulos. Brown exaggerates on p. 40; the Bo 
 attempted to make use of ’ ,r paper- mi 11 names" 
 sizes . 
 
 fhe best system is that brought forwar 
 (Collected papers, p. 406-400) and supported by Brown, 
 as it applies equally to old and modern books. 
 
 of the ful 
 aves (see fig, 3); 
 .fig . 4) . 
 sheet of paper, 
 or wire line 3, 
 to fold as 
 the various well 
 
 folio to 32no) , 
 
 r Bodleian cataloguing 
 -lei an at no .time 
 for describing book- 
 
 ’d by Ily. 3] 
 
 adshaw 
 P* 41. 
 
 A modern book generally consists of three portions; (a) the 
 titles and introduct ,b r y matter, (b) the text of the book, and (a) 
 the index. . .(a) is generally paged in roman numerals; (b) and (c) 
 
 ge no rallv. are. numbered straight .through from 1 onwards in arabic 
 numerals. fhus Bradshaw' s. ."Collected papers" consists of viii. pp. 
 (of which vii . only bears the -pagination) plus 500 pp. , and would be 
 do scribed as ... 
 
 Cambridge, 1863. viii: A- 5-00 pp . , Qvo. in. 
 
 The difficulties which ’are met. in collating modern books 
 consist in determining if any unpaged wafts are missing, o.g. parts 
 of the prefatory matter, or unnumbered plates, for which there is 
 no list at the commencement of the volume . 
 
 A Low i i sue is "a later publication of- the same book uncuangecl; '' 
 sometimes called a different eu. , a new issue, or a different thousand 
 ( C it ter . ) 
 
 A ro nrint is the fresh impression* of an edition of a book 
 tveo which has been kept standing from an older edition, or from the 
 stereotyped plate 3 of such an older edition, usually without alteration 
 although some minor corrections may have been made. 
 
 fhe term 'reprint ' is also used to describe an issue of an old 
 work, which has been sot uo in modern type . 
 
n iM v y. 9 d it ion in an untimely now irrmressi on n- r -j • , , . 
 
 Oho mat tor ha, undor-jono royiaion and thf haS%u U S ?e-a^. Wl> ° ‘ 
 
 book. Suo V°F o£ “ 15th owtury 
 
 raiaod. Lntar on a full biblioiraohioal ont?v -o^^t^ 1 ' 10 ? 3 p0 ^ UtS 
 and sent in for revision.) *' 1 ly x01 11 rna;/ bo ^ado 
 
 ” i? 0 1 i at i on ^ g t udo nt s °ar e rofLror^?? 8 ^^ 1 ^ &S t<? tho WOr ’ cl 
 
 woyd "foliation (6! 
 
 R_;i A D ;- 
 
 13 r own, pp. 3d -41 
 
 : ’°“noto Britalinl ° a ' 11 ed '»- 
 
 Coo^'r^n paoora, pp. 400-9 
 
 o^ohtaafK 4 ^' ^ 34 fboote 111 3 ^ S > - 46 (front 
 Davenport . Yho Jock, chap. 3. 
 
 U I! S ? IQIIS 
 
 1«- 3': plain: duodooimo, reprint, volume, 
 
 3* 
 
 kivo a short bibliographical imprint for 3ro\m's ,? Unnu>i 
 
 practical bibliography.*’ -Ianual ox 
 
 ■ 3ao. method of using watermarks and wire linos in 
 Suggestions o^dradshaw? 003 "’ ** C0fl ^ 9d With <** 
 
 r ' 3 3 A Y 
 
 Cdapors to bo returned by the 
 
 22nd h'overabo 
 
 1319. ) 
 
FtV, ! 
 
 A 
 
 a 
 
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 tk £ 0 ^4 f A <3 vy TO I i o size t 
 
 
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 Iciest a.o^atn tfow (x. ^ rl & I , 
 
 
 Fur. 
 
 6 
 
 3 
 
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 KB 
 
 kat fa xize' 
 F 
 
 Folded a third, time, from 
 K to L, ti qn'es octavo ziz<? 
 
 <T 
 
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 Ouarto 
 
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 fner 
 
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 Detect { i vuf 5 iv<dicat& clruun, ~ I tries 
 Q vn centre of folio sheets } ^ at K 
 
 in 4 fe. ^JL ftvo., rkctic&tej w&fc?rmarlc. 
 
I C A L 
 
 t/ 
 
 ± 
 
 3I3LIGGR A 
 LG 3 SOU II., -- OUPPLEilENlARY 
 
 FURTHER ROTE ON FOLIATION AND PAGINATION; - - Brown, in his 
 anxiety. to give precedence to tho practical side of bibliography 
 
 the need 
 
 i or 
 
 U . 
 
 accuracy, and loosely applies "patina 
 
 loses' 'sight of 
 
 tion 1 ' where he should say "foliation, " or, as Pollard calls it, 
 
 "leaf numeration." The first example of using numbers, to mart the 
 order ox leaves in a booh is that quoted by several authors 
 ad populum, " printed ’ 
 
 book Panzer says "... cum numeric foliorum arabicis in medio marginis 
 exteriorib . * oliiini iiltirniiin niiiriGX'uin habet 11, cfu.j& primur/i non 
 
 nuraerAuUm esu; and j_rom tills statement there can be no doubt 
 
 "Sermo 
 
 in 14-70. Of this 
 
 is xoxiated. 
 
 whatever that the book 
 Bibliographical Dictionary" says 
 
 Ebert, in his "Goner a! 
 
 Si-' 
 
 jy 
 
 natures and catch-words but 
 
 or 
 
 i- V 
 
 w: 
 
 he 
 
 :irst time appeared herein, and th 
 
 "12 leaves with 27 lines, without 
 th numbering of tiie leaves, which 
 
 fcion is consequently of historical interest. 
 
 placed in the middle 
 
 t lie out e r mar gd n . 
 
 and unfortunately several fall into 
 Pollard tersely suras the subject up, 
 Description, ( Encyclopaedia Britannica, 
 
 the 
 
 in 
 
 foil 
 
 lame 
 
 art . 
 
 typographical pro due 
 To* y numbering is 
 Other authors 
 error as 3 r o w n 
 (b) to Lection 
 Bibliography) . 
 
 ow. 
 
 LEG SON IV, 
 
 jjIBLIOGRABillCAjj DESCRIPTION: The need for (l) a standard descript ion 
 
 ?5 ev0 ty book; i 2 ) uniformity of method in such standard. The" 
 items that should be contained in a standard de3orintioii. 
 
 Read carefully 
 
 QUESTIONS: 
 
 Brown 
 
 T) 
 
 on. i). 
 
 i'ollard, . ( art . Bibliography . as before 
 Section 2, Description and 3, 
 Enumeration and arrangement. 
 
 1 .- 
 
 W; 
 
 hy is it 
 
 necessary to adopt some standard form for 
 didi iographic.nl description? 
 oint out why and when you would deviate from the form 
 adopted as a standard. 
 
 Essay: A comparison of the three methods of Bibliographical 
 
 Description as seen b 
 
 >rown. 
 
 (To be returned by Saturday, D 
 
 cc ember 6th 
 
 .319 
 
--- if o 
 
 3 . 
 
 ^undon | xioutleuge) and.IJow 'fork (Dutton) 1906 •• ' 
 
 ; b; ‘ la ->- f»« Polish library)/ 11 " 17S »»' 
 
 without' t a°aa^f 3 blbilo ^apher allowed his book to bo published 
 
 t> llG Qbo'V'Q v inf-p 4. .j 
 
 ' a3 bGOn to find the 
 
 of publication from more th' “ uo 00Gn P°s 
 
 is jjiven in square brackets S no 9xt runeoua source tue-e-mr M 
 0 Pa^ee. of which the lf® t is ? r9futoi 7 “utter oons^ts / Xt 
 
 n//e £ S** BlS0 t£“laS r 3 la ^ nd |? 8 . book itsol/o-? & 
 
 Printed number, and "* 
 
I 
 
 PRACTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY , 
 LESS 0 II V - 
 
 SSSEIJTIALS CY GOOD BOOH PRODUCT I Oil: -- 
 
 This sootion again is divisible into sub-sections, and may be 
 dealt with as follows: -- 
 
 ( a ) Paver ; ( b ) Type ; ( c ) Ink ; ( d) Presswork ; ( e ) Illus- 
 
 trations; (f) Binding. 
 
 In this lesson we deal with the sub-sections (a) and (b). 
 
 .Read, if possible, the following chapters in '’The Building 
 of a book, 1 ' ed. by P. H. Hitchcock (Laurie, £ 1907J ):- Paper- 
 making, The Yaking of type, Hand composition and Electrotyping, 
 Composition by the Linotype machine. Composition by the Llonotypa 
 machine. Also Bewdigate. "British types for printing books” 
 
 (in the '’’Studio" special number, Spring, 1914) with facsimilies; 
 and Lavonvort . "The Book," ch. 3. 
 
 Alternatively read articles on the same subjects in the later 
 editions of the "Encyclopaedia Britannica." 
 
 Tor a summary of the best forms, as recommended for general 
 adoption, one cannot do better than direct students to the "Interim 
 Report of the Library Association Book Production Committee, 1913" 
 and advise them to master it thoroughly. 
 
 Guest ions : - 
 
 1. - ’That is the meaning of the following words, as applied 
 
 to paper:- "antique, " "art,” "laid"? What significance have 
 they from the practical bibliographer’ s point of view? 
 
 2. - What is the meaning of "old style," "point," "spacing," 
 "leading"? 
 
 3. - .Mention any defects in type-composing machines known 
 to you. 
 
 Essay: - The paper and type best adapted for use in producing 
 a book of reference. 
 
 To be returned by Saturday, 
 
 January 
 
•1 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 \ 
 
 / 
 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 
PRACTICAL BIBLIOGRAPHY, 
 L B S 3 0 II VI. 
 
 E' S SEITT IA LS O? GOOD 30 OK PROPUCTIOII: - sub-sections (c) and 
 
 (c) 1112. Students should know the ingredients and qualities Oi. 
 
 o-'ood printer's ink. . , . , Tri 
 
 Read, if possible, the chapter on printing im g 
 
 01 
 
 a' hook,” ed. by Hitchcock. ''Qualities oi printing ink. 
 
 par . on oi 70s of article "Typography” in "Encyclopaedia ^ # 
 Britannioa, ” Oth ed., and par. on page 573 of article lax m 
 "Encyclopaedia Britannioa,” lltn ed. 
 
 first definition given in hurray’s 
 
 ”IIow 
 
 (d) PRES STORK. Th_ ~ „ 
 
 E n > 7 l i sh" di c t i o na r y ' r reads:- "The work and management o^ a 
 printing press; the printing off on paper, etc of. what has 
 been 1 ’ composed’ or set up in type; the result of this, the 
 work turned out from a press, especially from the point oi 
 view of its quality." _ 
 
 Students therefore, will see than it is necessary j-Oi them 
 to cover’ all three of these fields, knowledge of presses; the 
 actual printing; and the result. 
 
 Road the following:- ^ _ , . 
 
 Article "Ty oography , ” part II., practical -- encyclopaedia 
 
 Britannioa, ’ 9th ed., p. 697. _ _ 
 
 Article ” Type- setting and type-casting machines. 
 
 Encyclopaedia Britannioa, 10th ed. 
 
 Articles’ "'Typography” and "Printing" -- Encyclopaedia 
 
 Britannioa, 11th ed. ^ 
 
 Chanters "The Printing press. ” "Presswork,” and "Proof- 
 reading" in the "Building of a hook," as before. 
 
 Aldis . The Printed book, eh. VI. and VII. 
 
 L. A. Book Production Committee. Interim report, 1913 
 The Art of the book ( "Studio” special no.) 
 
 These sub jects are covered in any good technical book on pi inking, 
 E.Cr Jacobi’s ’’Printing." 
 
 Questions : - 1.- That is meant by iorm©, imposing, platen, 
 
 ' monks? cylinder press, rotary press. 
 
 2.- That are the various processes through which a 
 sheet of paper goes on being printed in a press? 
 
 Essay: 
 
 How would you proceed to describe the presswork of a 
 re c e nt 1 y pub 1 i sh e d b o ok ? 
 
 Papers to be returned by oaturlay, 17th January, 1920 
 

 
 W1 
 
 V, 
 
 k 
 
 ' 4* 
 
 \> 
 
 \ 
 
 4 
 
PRACTICAL 
 
 3 I B L! I 0 Gr R A P H Y , 
 LESSOR VII. 
 
 ESSENTIALS OP GOOD BOOK PRODUCTION, sub~se at ion («) Illustration 
 
 (a) Engraving in Intaglio. 
 
 1. Line-engravings I 
 
 2. Etching ) , 
 
 3. Dry-point ) (materials, tool3 and methods). 
 
 4 . ilt) Z zotint ) 
 
 5. Photogravure ) 
 
 Read • are fully:- 
 
 Tho Building of a hook, ed. by Hitchcock, pp. 154 - 215. 
 
 L.A. Book Production Committee; Interim Report, pp. 22 - 24. 
 Enay. Brit., 11th ®d,, articles "Illustration”, and the articles 
 under the names of the processes given above. 
 
 Aldis, oh, 8: Davenport, ch, 5» 
 
 For the machining part of the subject, read Jacobi: "Printing”, 
 6th ed., 1919, pp 236 - 253. 
 
 Question 1. 
 
 > i 2 . 
 
 Essay 
 
 What is the difference between a process block and an 
 intaglio engraving? 
 
 Describe the method of printing an etching. 
 
 A short description of the photogravure method. 
 
 To« U > [/«/ S *-$> if ytk , 
 
i. 
 
 
? 3 
 
 I C A 
 
 Jjj _L_i O 
 
 3I3LI0G3 
 
 0 ii 
 
 VIII 
 
 L iZ* • .1 ‘i i; u 
 
 rr 
 
 L. A. EfAUIIJATIOD 
 essay for 1020 is to be: - 
 of reconstruction in connection with th 
 It is to be 
 to have oo moiled 
 
 just received information that the 
 beet ion 2, Bibliography -- ,Tr fhe problems 
 
 set 
 
 presumed, that in sotting this the e:- 
 
 the Great T 7ar 
 
 xaminesrs desire 
 
 during the last two or thr* 
 
 bibliography oi boots which have been published 
 
 years on these problems 
 
 tion. Unless the student is employed in a larye. libra 
 
 thus able to obtain access to 
 boots bearing on the subject, 
 compile the thesis. 
 
 Under the circumstances, students are recommended 
 
 a good selection ol 
 it will bo a rather 
 
 oi re const rue- 
 i’ary, and is 
 
 r ecent 1 y pub 1 i she d 
 difficult task to 
 
 oi 
 
 >T T> 
 
 t 0 
 
 r ogress , 
 
 .no 
 
 iii o u r h-X* 
 
 Q- , 
 
 j elOiOi art , !! 
 
 "the 
 
 -'■-U CL _L _ 
 
 ionaoum, 
 
 and other publications giving bibliographical information, to search 
 careful I./ through tnom, mating a slip catalogue (with annotations) 
 oi the items on tho !T problems” they discover, then to visit a library 
 
 likely to have acquired 
 
 a 
 
 :air 
 
 work through tho books themselves 
 in v/nat ever c las si float ion commends 
 essay typed. 
 
 proportion of tho books, and there to' 
 
 Bio slips can then b 
 itself to the student, and the 
 
 range d 
 
 ITQni? 
 
 01 LBSbOirvII -- fhe papers sent in on this lesson show evi- 
 dence oi very careful reading, but in some instances a tendency to 
 guoto at too groat a length, or to "copy” with slight paraphrasing 
 is evident. . f his . t endency should bo avoided by attempting to follow 
 the advice given in points 1 to 5 in the introductory Besson, point 
 o. ...nsrei the question Doing complied with after the reading is 
 finished, " ° 
 
 3 S 0 
 
 VIII. 
 
 essentials oi good doop production, sub-section (c) Illustration: -- 
 1 0 ' Brocoss work ( including phot o- lithography) , collotype, 3 vel led- 
 ge latino process, half-tone process, offset printing ’ threw'* - 
 colour process . 
 
 B.jaa care iully the ooows sot for last lesson, and tho articles under 
 q . headings in the Bncyclopaodia Britannica, 11th ed. 
 
 vjtuuont s are also advised to visit a printing establishment where 
 
 •* n *— r v/i * ' - 
 
 ^ hi Cl 
 
 v v r O X* 7L . 
 
 «oo .or 
 
 \J O J 
 
 blooms being used, o specially three-colour 
 
 Bug st ion 1.- "Taut processes would you use for illustrating re spec - 
 /.tY~' ■' " 0lr ‘° on ( 1 ) .parts Ox machinery, (n) flowering plants 
 
 \ r J ) T.OV1 CVtt • I , "U .. **Tl_ S> l * 
 
 inoral b i o graphy? ,,r h 
 
 -t9 
 
 , ? * . Ja::1 - 5 30 !f J 0x ^ 11,3 diixioultios, or limitations, met with 
 m the three -colour process. 
 
 • - It only rem ins to note hov. photography has ousted drawing 
 ,rom muc a oi tn- field it formerly ocouoiid> Discuss this 
 xrom tno reading you have done for this and the former lesson. 
 
 p. 
 
 vrs to be in by fobruary fl* 
 
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PRACTICAL 3 I 33 L I 0 Q R A P H Y 
 L A b S 0 li I X * 
 
 EHbIli methods^ 00C ® B00K BH0DlJC!I0M (i) Modern binding materials and 
 Read care Yu 11 y : — 
 
 1.- Cockerell. Bookbinding and the care of books. 1901 
 ~ Rulme , and others. Leather for libraries. 1905 
 
 3 . - C out t s b at e one n 
 
 iJanual of library bookbinding, 1911, oh. 1-4 
 
 In the above will be found more than will be required for the 
 
 ^°f?i 0I T tn f . S0C ^°n of the syllabus; but, tnough Cockerell is 
 
 for k nkh 1 A lb? AY all students should read him right through 
 ■*■ . oil a.o ft j 11 as ior spocilic information. 
 
 Q U 3 S T I o I 'J b ; _ 
 
 1.- Lame four of the materials most commonly used for the 
 covering of books, and give an indication of the 
 tyoe of book for which they are specially fitted. 
 
 2 - What are the essential qualities in cord for sewing boards 
 ior bindings, cloths for coverings? 
 
 v 
 
 3 3 A Y . UoBTOare band binding with that done by machine 
 reas ? ns " or using the former because of 
 advantages it possesses, or because of disadvantages 
 inhererl m the latter. ° 
 
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 Papers to be in by Aar oh 1,5th. 
 

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 BJBLIOGRA 
 
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 * COMPILATION OR BIBLIOGRAPHIES -- Principles of arrangement in anther, 
 subject and classified bibliographies . Practical methods of 
 compilation, 
 
 ’> 
 
 Read: Brown, ohap. 5, p, 64 -- "There are various methods" 
 
 to end of chapter, and chapters 6, 7. 
 
 Pollard. article "Bibliography" in "Encyclopaedia 
 Britannioa," 11th ed., par. "Enumeration and 
 arrari renont . " 
 
 This is an important part of our subject, as the examiners will 
 be very likely to ask questions bearing on it, and also as candidates 
 will have to make practical application of it in their own essay. 
 
 Students are advised to familiarise themselves with arrangements 
 adopted in well-known bibliographies , and to that ond to consult as 
 many as possible of the bibliographies mentioned in Brown, pp.120 
 
 (II. Gntri bibliographies) to 135 
 
 A portion of the reading has already been 
 with standard description. 
 
 
 covered in 
 
 dealing 
 
 Questions: 
 
 1,- What form of arrangement would you adopt in making a bibliograohy 
 of your own town? Give reasons. 
 
 * 2.- Can .you give any examples of the failure of Brown's arguments 
 against using first wo rds of titles in arranging entries in a ^ 
 
 .bibliographical work. 
 
 * 
 
 Essay 
 
 Comnaro Brown's "rules for order in author headings" (p 78) 
 with the order adopted by Cutter (4th ed., , p^ 326) 
 
 Papers to bo in by April 3rd. 
 
 In the next lesson Mr Hut t proposes to deal shortly with Book- 
 Selection (which cannot bo taught by correspondence), and the final 
 paper will be a test examination paper to be worked without aids, and 
 in a set time. 
 
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 BOOK SELECTION: - As before statod, fir Kutt realises that this 
 
 section cannot be taught by correspondence . It is a sub .1 eat 
 which can only be mastered by practical experience; ( 1 ) of 
 the various aids to book selection, and ( 2 ) by the actual work 
 of choosing books for addition to a library, and of the discovery 
 and selection of books bearing on any given subject. 
 
 A few remarks may. however, be offered fa) directing 
 students to the lists of books of reference, (b) as to the 
 works which may be consulted for (l), and (c) as to the theory 
 and its application in ( 2 ). 
 
 (a) and (b), Read carefully: - 
 
 Brown. Practical bibliography , chap. 7, especially III. National 
 bibliography; and VII., guides to book selection. 
 
 Brown. Annual of library economy, -3rd ed., sect. 587 
 
 Savage. > Manual of descriptive annotation for library catalogues 
 pp. 77 to 84. 
 
 Stewart A Clarke. Guides to book selection ("Library world v 11 
 pp. 409-417, 445-450). 
 
 ( c ) 
 
 Special attention should be paid to works of reference which 
 provide bibliographies of the subjects with which they deal. 
 Notice also the various publications of learned societies, and 
 periodical . publications , which are of great assistance in' 
 selection in the various branches of literature. 
 
 Theory; choice; principles; selection of 
 governed by the existing stock, the income, 
 etc., of a library. 
 
 Read carefully;- Brown.. Manual (as above) 
 (selection for children) sections 488-90 
 
 periodicals, are all 
 the class of reader, 
 
 , chap. 13 and 
 
 uestions;- 1 .- ,T hat policy would you pursue in revising the stock of 
 a library in an industrial town, with an income of M 5 , 000 . 
 
 2.- Yhat periodicals would you consult for assistance in making 
 ap lists, oi books dealing with;- Mendelism, Einstein's theo— ° 
 the atomic theory, nationalisation of the coal supply. 
 
 -jssay;-- The principles of selection of books for a juvenile library. 
 
 7 Papers to be in by April 1 fh, 
 will be sent out . 
 
 on which day the test examination paper 
 
 A 
 
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? HACTICAL 
 
 I B 
 
 0 G H 
 
 .) u v 
 
 L 
 
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 BOOK SELECT I OB : - 
 
 As before stated. 
 
 lr 
 
 ;t realises that this 
 
 It is a subject 
 ; 1) 'of 
 
 'section cannot be taught by correspondence, 
 which can only be mastered by practical experience: 
 the variaus aids to booh selection, and ( h ) by the actual work 
 of choosing books for addition to a library, and of the discover; 
 and selection of books bearing on any given subject. 
 
 A few remarks may, however, be offered fa) directing 
 students to the lists of books of reference, fb) as to the 
 
 works which ma;/ bo consulted for (l), 
 and its application in (2). 
 
 and (c) as to the theory 
 
 (a) and (b), Read carefully: 
 
 Brown. Practical bibliography, chap. 7, especially III. Rational 
 bibliography ; and All., guides to book selection. 
 
 Brown. .Tanual of library economy, .--3rd ed., sect. 587 
 
 Savage. Llanual of descriptive annotation for library catalogues, 
 pp . 77 t o 84 . 
 
 Stewart A Clarke. Guides to book selection (Library world, v. 11, 
 409-417, 445-450). 
 
 Special attention should be paid to works of reference which 
 provide bibliographies of the subjects with which they deal. 
 IJotice also the various publications of learned societies, and 
 periodical publications, which are of groat assistance in 
 selection in the various branches of literature. 
 
 (o) Theory; choice; princinles; selection of periodicals, arte all 
 governed by the existing stock, the income, the class of reader, 
 etc., of a library. 
 
 Read carefully:- Brown. llanual (as above), chap . 15 and 
 (selection for children) sections 488-90 
 
 p uestions:- 1.- V7 hat policy would you pursue in revising the stock of 
 a library in an industrial town, with an income of £5,000. 
 
 2.- That oeriodioals would you consult for assistance in making 
 up lists of books dealing with;- Mendel ism, Einstein’ s theory; 
 the atomic* theory, nationalisation of the coal supply. 
 
 Essay:-- The principles of selection of books for a juvenile library. 
 
 Papers to bo in by April 1 th, 
 will be sent out . 
 
 on which day the test examination pane; 
 
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C 0 H R i £ P 0 J 1) -i 
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 ( & BOOK ! 
 
 ii C F. 
 
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 Best Paper, 10th April, 1920. 
 
 Students are requested to attempt these questions under ordinary 
 exarainat ion conditions, and to return the answers to Hr Hutt as soon 
 as possible. He will then go through them, and, as far as possible, 
 add remarks upon the adequacy of the answers. 
 
 L ' f A ) 
 
 1. - That do the following mean? Give derivations where possible- 
 
 Book, volume, title, title-page, chain-lines, tub-sized, 
 quarto, half-bound, phlong, matrix, mezzotint, sewn two -on, 
 rexine , vellum. 
 
 2. - How would you decide whether a 15th century book is a ’made-up' 
 copy, or not? 
 
 3. - How far in your opinion is it necessary to give natural history 
 details of an early printed book which comes within the scope of a 
 part i cular sub i set- bibli ography? 
 
 4. - Bake some well-known book, and deal with it in the standard form 
 you would adort for a bibliography. 
 
 5. - describe some of the forms of type in popular use for printing 
 books to-day. 
 
 That do you know of the 
 
 ' h re - • ol . ur • 'ocess? 
 
 7.- Prepare a brief specification for the production of a library 
 catalogue (pacer, printing -- type of text, of headings, etc., proofs 
 and corrections -- binding) . 
 
 ( B ) 
 
 . - name ana descrioe some o.i bne national oioliograpnies known to ~ r ou 
 
 2.- That books would you consult for the best editions of Fnylish 
 authors for the use of students? J 
 
 ^ what works would you search for lists of books on the following 
 subjects:- trade unionism, eq uality of wages for women, crime in 
 London, remains of the womans in Britain, Latin epigraphy, the flora 
 of Pal e s , place names of Hngland and Tales. 
 
 y • “ A ^ own w ^Bh a library income of £5,000 has an accumulated fund fo^ 
 ocok purchase of that same amount. How would you allocate the first 
 expenditure over the various departments? 
 
 5 • - ^h&t periodical publications would you consult in drawing un lists 
 of books for a .juvenile section? 
 
 C . - that details of procedure would you adopt in getting books 
 considered by your Committee 5 
 
 Describe a local bibliography known to you, and point out its 
 excellencies or deficiencies.