UMASS/AMHERST « 312Dtt>D13SS7aT4 PN 485f C3 70 17 cop. 2 LIBRARY MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE SOURCE. W fuTlds. 4855 C5 cop. 2 L -^^^- \A xjdCo^ lyw vJ- '^-^■^ ^ - O-JDJ^-X-c-i^ Vjo-A^jlJUxuCaI 01 O. This book may be kept out TWO WEEKS only, and is subject to a fine of TWO CENTS a day thereafter. It will be due on the day indicated below. xri4"M to; A 3940 THE EDITOR and PUBLISHER Vol. 12. No. 45 AND JOURNALIST Copyright, 1913, by The Editor and Publisher Co., 13-21 Park Row, New York, N. Y. NEW YORK, APRIL 26, 1913 25 Cents a Copy ^■^EDICATED to the Press of the United States; Greatest Power of all ^I— I Ages and Climes; Molder of America's Liberal Institutions; of Repre- ■ ri tentative Government the Architect and Conservator; of Intellect's ^I^V Freedom the Champion and Guide: Support of the Weak and Check of the Strong; Friend of the Needy and Counsellor of the Distressed; Foe of Corruption and Herald of Progress, These pages have been compiled in memory of the men, who in ages less generous and less enlightened, cari'ied the torch of knowledge and battled for human rights, high ideals and social betterment, with hardship as the most certain reward and ingratitude the surest recompense; to whom the pillory of public scorn, born of ignorance and vainglory, had no terrors; whose per- severance knew no bounds, courage no equal, and pens no fear. Within these covers will be found a story that should prove an inspiration and the keenest encouragement to the men who now continue the work of shedding light upon the dark places and truculent sores of the body politic, who make each day a little better than the one before; whose cultivation of a healthy optimism is the greatest public service rendered, and whose dis- inclination to be awed by the mighty or swayed by the shrewd is the public's guarantee that the avenues of human advance will never be closed. >^ »^ ^ ^TT HOUGH no apologies need be offered. The Editor and Publisher avails ^l itself of this opportunity to announce that the history of journalism as ^^ here sketched in broad lines is but the initial effort in a field of great breadth, one in which preliminary surveys only have been made. The newspaper report of to-day becomes history with the morrow, and though much that is written is discarded, the keeping of man's record has resulted in a document of tremendous proportions. Happily, with the story told we are not concerned; the methods employed in its telling are our quarry, and in future issues, it is planned to give them closer attention. To the present-day newspaper man it is usually not apparent that he is doing an important and lasting work. The daily edition, to be sure, is an ephemeral thing, consigned to oblivion with the close of the form. But the effort represented by it remains. Though not a word be preserved, the influ- ence for good or evil exerted upon society' contributes to the shaping of the story of man. In i-ecording the events of the day, the journalist molds the historj' of decades and centuries. It is meet, therefore, that the journalist appreciate his true position; that in the creed of a Watterson, he be a gentleman in every sense of the word; a man of personal and mental cleanliness, fair unto all and con- siderate with those reached by him. Our profession is the oldest known. Physicians were but quacks, jurists genuflecting servants, and scientists simu- lating imposters when the chroniclers of old reported the little we know of man in antiquity. In such a sincere manner did they labor that the scrutiny of centuries has fastened upon them but few transgressions against truth. That the successors of such men, humble or exalted, have good reason to hitch their wagons to the stars needs no iteration. A venal press is a social misfor- tune; a virtuous journalism the hope of man. Thus everj' effort to improve the intellectual quality of the newspaper man becomes of value. This is the pur- pose of the present publication. ^ Other efforts along this line will be made. And thej^ are needed. Gov- erned by a whollj^ natural law, it will be a long time before the effect of schools of journalism will be felt, and even after that there will be ample room for betterment. After all it is not technical proficiency that makes the press good, bad or indifferent; qualities of the heart, rather than properties of the mind, are responsible for this. A thorough understanding of his position, and his obligation towards himself and society are more essential to the modern journalist than ought else, and this can best be gained by taking the lessons of newspaper history to heart. 3 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST A Combination That Commands Attention ! ONE that thorout^hly and profitably covers the morning and afternoon field of Pittsburgh, Western Pennsylvania, and including liberal territory in Eastern Ohio and West Virginia. Any advertiser seeking the most economical and best channel through which the largest returns in dollars can be counted upon as against the advertising cost will find this an ideal combination invest- ment. m^t ^iltsbur^l) f 05t I (Every Morning and Sunday) S a Home newspaper and covers its territory very thoroughly. Its editorial strength is measured by real merit, which has given The Post a distinct individuality in its field. It is newsy, clean, complete and reliable; gives the best market and financial reports, and all the world's happen- ings hot from the wires. During 1912 the Post (Daily and Sunday) gained 916,566 agate lines of paid advertising over the previous year, including marked increase in circulation, which comes from the substantial class, who want what they want and have the price to pay for it. Send for Sample Copy, Rates and Information of Details Regarding the Daily and Sunday Post. The big field covered by these two newspapers is distinguished for its financial position, industrial strength, productive power, den- sity of population and distributing facilities. This whole territory is simply alive and teeming with multitudes of money makers and money spenders, and quite naturally is one of the most attractive advertising fields in America. This valued combination serves a vast multitude of buyers who read advertisements because they believe they can serve themselves best by taking advantage of the many commodities offered through news- paper advertising. Here, then, is concentrated com- bination circulation that is as prac- tical as it is powerful for its efficiency in reaching buyers for goods through economy advertis- ing. Let us give you more details about this combination. THE SUN I (Every Afternoon Except Sunday) S the favorite afternoon newspaper of all classes in Pittsburgh and the well-populated zone it serves. Over a million and a half dollars are paid out in wages and salaries every day in the district covered by the Pittsburgh Sun, hence "there's a reason" why local advertisers are liberal users of The Sun's advertising columns, which resulted in a gain of 665,868 agate lines of paid adver- tising during 1912. The progressive record of notable achieve- ment in advertising and circulation gains of The Sun during the year past tells the story of its value and efficiency as the best after- noon medium in this territory. EMIL M. SCHOLZ, General Manager CONE, LORENZEN & WOODMAN, Foreign Advertising Representatives NEW YORK (Brunswick Bldg.) KANSAS CITY (Gumbel Bldg.) DETROIT (Free Press Bldg.) CHICAGO (Mailers Bldg.) THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST THERE IS NOTHING MODERN BUT THE AUXOPLATE MORNING DAILY, EiyABLlSHCD I Be 5. EVENING DAILY, Establish CO 16 55, SEMI-WEEKLY ESTABLlSMFO 13 6 5. SUNDAY, MORNrNGAND EVENING ^bdtii^iyi^ WORLD PUBLISHING COMPANY GILBERT M. Hitchcock; February 24th, 1913. Autoplate Company of America, 1 Madison Avenue, Hew York. Gentlemen: - Replying to your Inquiry as to the oper- ation of the SEKI-AUTOPIATE MACHIHE, \ie heg to say that the machine is working perfectly and has not ^caused ua the slightest trouhle. We make from 60 to 200 plates a day and are getting more prompt and regular press-starts than we have known before In years. We are going to reduce our stereotyping force one and probably two men and believe we will lessen the efficiency of our force since the 3E1I- AUTO PLATE is giving such satisfactory results. Yours respectfully, WORLD PDBLISHIira COMPANY. ^. V. P. The SEMI-AUTOPLATE is the publisher's greatest help towards circulation. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from Boston Library Consortium IVIember Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/historyofamerica191819cape THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST AN EIM D ORSEIVIEIMX During the Preceding Six Months 652 OF THE MERGENTHALER LINOTYPE WHICH SF»EAKS FOR ITSELF Linotjrpes Ordered from Our Brooklyn Factory During October, 1912 Ill INJov^ember, 1912 114 December, 1912 - - - ■ 131 aanuar>^, 1913 14S February, 1913 142 IVIarcb, 1913 166 GAIN 157 During the Six Months Just Past (809) The Buyers of These Machines Back with Their Money Their Belief in Us and That The LINOTYPE Way Is the Only Way MERGENTHALER LINOTYPE COMPANY I5K^ NEW YORK CHICAGO: 1100 S. Waba.h Av SAN FRANCISO: 638-646 Sacramento Slreet TORONTO: CANADIAN LINOTYPE LTD.. 35 Lombard St. NEW ORLEANS: 549 Baronne Street THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST In Fort Worthiexaslfs The Star-Telegram Now 30,000 Daily PAID" CIRCULATION 66 vs. "PRINTED and CIRCULATED" CIRCULATION Fort Worth Star-Telegram circulation statements always show "sworn net paid" circulation in detail. Some newspapers make statements that show only circulation "printed." In selecting your medium do not be confused; bear in mind the difference between sworn "net paid" circulation and "gross" circulation. Insist upon a circulation statement that shows "net paid" as well as "gross" circulation. ^^_^^_^^__^^_^^^ Summary of Sworn Statements issued by FORT WORTH STAR-TELEGRAM. 9570 of Star-Telegram Circulation is in Fort Worth Trade Territory. Sworn NET PAID circulation for 1909 17,002 Sworn NET PAID circulation for 1910 18,505 Sworn NET PAID circulation for 1911 20,264 Sworn NET PAID circulation for 1912 24,629 Sworn NET PAID circulation for last six months of 1912 26,014 Sworn NET PAID circulation for January, 1913 26,815 Sworn NET PAID circulation for February, 1913 27,743 Sworn NET PAID circulation for March, 1913 28,651 Any of these statements in detail upon request. A steady, substantial growth accomplished without the aid of Contests, Premiums, Reductions in Subscription Price, or other circulation schemes. GROWTH IN VOLUME OF ADVERTISING igii 1912 Paid Local Display, agate lines 3,433,446 3,807,832 " Foreign " " " 932,446 1,092,525 " Classified " " 987,914 1,126,272 TOTAL 5,354,256 6,026,629 A gain of 672,373 agate lines over 191 1. In 191 1 The Star-Telegram carried 24 per cent, more advertising than was carried by any other Fort Worth paper. In 191 2 we carried 32 per cent, more than was carried by any other Fort Worth paper. The Star-Telegram is the only newspaper in Fort Worth that has published regularly for the past four years SWORN DETAILED CIRCULATION STATEMENTS, SHOWING NET PAID AS WELL AS GROSS CIRCULATION; it is the only paper in Fort Worth which submitted to an examination of its circulation by the Association of American Advertisers when requested to do so in 1912; it is the only paper in Fort Worth which made Sworn statement of its ownership, circulation, etc., to the Gov- ernment on October 1, 1912, and April 1, 1913, as required by Act of Congress. To cover Fort Worth and Fort Worth trade territory in the most thorough manner you MUST use the Fort Worth Star-Telegram. AMON G. CARTER A. L. SHUMAN Vice-Prest. and General Mgr. Advertising Manager THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHES AND JOURNALIST 101 Columns Advertising Gain in February 122 Columns Advertising Gain in March 77r Columns Advertising Gain in First Half of April These straws show the direction of the popular wind in New York The NEW YORK TRIBUNE published in the interest of the PUBLIC - an old paper with a young spirit — its pages full of life and progress Has received the stamp of pop- ular approval. "IT HAS NO STRINGS ON IT" THE EDITOR AND t>UBL][gltiER AND JOURNALIST THE CHICAGO DAILY NEWS is inaugurating an intensive campaign to advertise to its readers the value to lliem of tlie paper's advertising columns. Tliis campaign is planned to run through- out the entire year, and its purpose is to bring the paper's readers and advertisers into closer relations of mutual appreciation and confidence. No advertiser who has used The DAILY NEWS with consistent regularity has ever had occasion to complain that his returns were not up to standard and more, but it is the purpose of The DAILY NEWS to increase to the utmost the respon- siveness of its readei-s to the announcements of its advertisers. To this end it will continue to exercise the closest discrimination as to the kind of advertising accepted, in order that the confidence of its I'eaders in the integrity of its advertising columns may be fully justified. This, then, is ^our campaign, Mr. Advertiser, a campaign primarily in ^our interest, an effort to give you more and more for your money. For years it has been very generally recognized that The CHICAGO DAILY NEWS gives the advertiser more for his money than any other newspaper in America — a conviction based on considerations consequent upon the following facts: 1. The DAILY NEWS circulates more papers in the same area than any other newspaper in th'^ world. Of its March daily average of 373,552 copies all but about 25,000 were sold in Chicago and its suburbs — over 345,000 city circulation, which is more than fzuice the city circulation of any other Chicago newspaper, either daily or Sunday — in certain instances 3, 5 and 6 times more (in one case probably 30 times more). It is esti- mated that there are between 425,000 and 450,000 families in Chicago. Eliminating those who do not read English, it is easy to understand why The Postoffice Review said, "Nearly everybody who reads the English language in, around or about Chicago reads The DAILY NEWS." 2. The DAILY NEWS enjoys the confidence of its readers in a degree not equaled by any other Chicago newspaper, and approached by few, if any, newspapers throughout the country. It is an independent newspaper, free from partisan motive or bias, accurate and impartial It appeals to the thinking, dispassionate reader rather than to the unthink- ing partisan. It is a family newspaper. To its complete local and domes- tic news service is added a special foreign cable service unequaled in extent, completeness and cost by any other American newspaper. "Ihe DAILY NEWS maintains its own foreign offices, with its own exclusive staff representatives, in London, Paris, Berlin and Pekin, besides special correspondents in Rome, Vienna, Dublin, Stockholm, Bergen, Copenhagen, Sophia, Cairo, Gibraltar, Belgrade, Constantinople and si-xty other foreign news centers. This has been its news and editorial character throughout the thirty-seven years of its publication. Its readers have become attached to it through the natural and legitimate influences of its high character, and are therefore bound to it by deliberate and long-continued choice. By the factors of time and honest and enterprising service it has won their confidence, and retains their loyalty. Thus its high editorial stand- ard has given its advertising columns an unusual character and has made the purchasing power of its circulation exceptionally high. 3. The volume of local display and classified advertising is univer- sally accepted as an index to a newspaper's advertising strength. The DAILY NEWS publishes a preponderance of local display advertising. For example, the January and February totals of this year show that The DAILY NEWS printed more local display advertising, 6 days a week, than any other Chicago newspaper printed in 7. The DAILY NEWS is the great "Want Ad" medium of Chicago. It prints a greater number of "Help Wanted" advertisements than all other Chicago newspapers — daily and Sunday combined. It is Chicago's "Want Ad" Directory. It is the great advertising Market Place of both the classes and the masses because it is the paper of all the people. 4. The DAILY NEWS' advertising rate is one of the three lowest in America. Its minimum display rate on contract is less than one-tenth of a cent per line per thousand circulation. The Publishers' Guide of January gives The DAILY 'NEWS' rate, based on its old circulation state- ment of 341,994 (.31,273 less than its March average) as .0139 per mch, as against an average rate of .0238 per inch of 140 other newspapers in the 28 largest cities in the United States. And this notwithstanding the very high quality of The DAILY NEWS' circulation. This low rate, coupled with an extremely responsive, concentrated clientele, is an important factor in making The DAILY NEWS "America's greatest advertising medium." 5. The DAILY NEWS is the standard of advertising value by which all other American newspapers are measured. In support of this proposition we submit the following convincing testimony from Printers' Ink of New York, than which there is no higher advertising authority in America : "When Printers' Ink promised a sugar bowl to a paper that, among all those published in the United States, gives an advertiser the best service in proportion to the price charged, the bowl was awarded to The Chicago DAILY NEWS, and no one has ever asserted that it did not go where it belonged." TO SUMMARIZE IN A SENTENCE: The CHICAGO DAILY NEWS carries more advertising 6 days a week, wields a stronger influence with its readers, has a larger circulation in a more compact territory, and sells its space at less cost per thousand circulation than any other newspaper in the United States. Therefore : The Chicago Daily Ne\¥s Americans Greatest Advertising Medium JOH'N B. WOODWARD, Eastern Adverti.fling Representative, 7nfl-710 Times Hldg.. NEW YORK 10 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST A General History of American Journalism With a Unique Historical Introduction By CHARLES CAPEHART |OURNALISM had its beginning with the dawn of history. The first editor was a primitive man who, with a sharp piece of flint and a rock for a mallet, cut rude inscriptions in picture form upon stone. Thousands of years before Christ the ancient Egyptians, Babylonians and Assyrians, representing the cul- tured races of that epoch, mastered the art of hieroglyphic writing, and left behind them on clay tablets, on obelisks, on slates of stone, on the walls of tombs, on coffins and inside of them records of kings and important happenings of their age. Thus begins the story of ancient Journalism. There was a saying among the Greeks that "on the banks of the Nile it is easier to find a god than a man." This meant that the ancient civilizations that had flourished for centuries in Egypt had left behind them a great number of statues and monuments erected in honor of the kings and gods they worshiped. As a matter of fact the Egyptian Kings were the first to deposit in coffins prayers to their deities and to write hieroglyphic reports of their own good deeds, on their tombs and obelisks, which were erected in most instances while the individual monarch still lived. Scientists who have studied with great care the records that have come down to us have been unable to determine how long before this man had existed and had employed stone or clay to preserve for his own people or those who should come after him a record of his deeds. It is quite clear, however, that while the Egyptians, the Assyrians and the Babylon- ians were the first to make systematic records by means of figures of men, animals, plants and other natural and artificial objects, writings of this kind were known long before Osirteseni I., a King of Thebia, who reigned over upper Egypt and the Arabian side of lower Egypt 3,600 years ago, erected the obelisk bearing his name. He was the builder of the older and smaller part of the great temple at Thebes, known as the Temple of Karnak, on the east- ern bank of the Nile. The tombs of Beni-Hassan, near Antinop- olis, which were begun just before or during the reign of this monarch, were grottoes tun- neled into the hills. Their walls, which can be seen to-day, are covered with drawings and hieroglyphics describing the different indus- tries, trades, manufactures, games and amuse- ments of the people of those days. On this page will be seen a picture of the coffin in which Nes-Khensu, an ancient royal scribe, was buried. Nes-Khensu made his own coffin and inscribed on its surface in his own hand a message that has come down through the procession of the centuries to our day. What modern journalist will be as successful as he in perpetuating his name and history three thousand years by means of any record, written by him- self, that may be buried with him in his tomb? The following is a literal translation of the hieroglyphic inscriptions seen in the coffin: "Nes-Khensu, a royal scribe Khensu. The inner coffin in which he was buried, pictured above, was placed in anO'ther hewn out of g:ran- ite. It contains a story of his life and times. A little over a century ag^o the Briti'S'h [Kxcavation Company unearthed and placed it in the Brit- ish Museum. of the offerings of Amen-Ra, the lord of the thrones of all the world and King of the gods at Thebes; the son of a libationer of Amen, Techet-Khensu-auf-ankh." His wife was a priestess called Tchet-Mut, a lady of the college of Amen-Ra at Thebes. Symbols and emblems of the gods Ra and Osiris, the cartouches of Amen-hetep, first King of Egypt. The sides of the coffin are decorated with figures of a number of the gods of the under- world. Scenes in which Amen-Mes and Nes-Mut, relatives of the deceased, are represented in the act of making offerings to the gods on behalf of the deceased. On the sides of the coffin Nes- Khensu pictured and painted some of the acts of his devotion, through life, to his gods. "The deceased making an offering to the cow Hathor"; "An offering to Osiris Tanen, to Osiris Un-nefer, prince of the living"; "To the Sphinx, symbol of Amen-hetep." "The jackal drawing a boat in which is the eye of Ra; the wife of the deceased adorning Tanen and his funeral procession, in which the bier is drawn by the sacrificial cow." We cannot help speculating as to the num- ber of centuries that must have passed before this style of writing came into use and the characters grouped into sentences. The first great change in the art of writing was the employment of figures for the names of objects and not for the objects themselves. From these came the ability to represent a sound or syllable, and through them they were enabled to represent ideas, feelings and actions that could not be expressed in pictures alone. The second great step in the art of writing was made when the scribes of the day discovered that twenty or thirty monosyllabic sounds came into use much oftener than the others. These were vowel sounds, and vowels joined to single consonants which later formed the foundation of the alphabet. Although the Egyptian priests did not evolve the alphabet, they made long strides in the right direction. The power of transmitting thoughts to absent friends or to future generations by means of a few black marks made on stone or wood is such a wonderful art that many scholars are of the belief that it must have been communicated to the forefathers of the human race by Divine Power; otherwise it is difficult to account for its presence among all peoples of the earth from the dawn of civil- ization. None of the monuments of Egypt are more interesting and perhaps more ancient than those bearing the hieroglyphic names for the months, the half months and weeks. The Egyptians divided the year into three parts — the season of vegetation, the season of harvest and the season of the inundation of the Nile Valley. Each of the seasons are divided into the first, second, third and fourth months, and every month into thirty days. At some unknown time days were added which were called by the Greeks the Epagmenae. In reckoning time this civil year of 365 days was in constant use from 1322 B. C. for 1,461 years. 11 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST At that time the months began a whole season too early foi* their names, the month of Thoth, the first month of vegetation, being soon after mid-summer, or at the beginning of the inunda- tion. The question is naturally asked, When was the calendar rearranged so that the names of the months corresponded to the seasons? It is claimed by many scientists that Julius Caesar, about forty-five years B. C, through the help of Sosigenes, an Alexandrian philosopher, em- ^ ployed the old Egyptian cal- ''Jmuij.- - endar to form our present- f^ day calendar of 365 days. S Astronomers now measure | . the length of years and days | - by so many revolutions of the .f ', earth and the earth's revolu- ■; tions around the sun. This particular mention of the cal- endars of both ancient times and of the present day has no special bearing on the history of journalism except that it proves the accuracy of those old Egyptian writers. We still wonder how the ancients were able to devise methods of keeping accurate records of the flight of sea- sons and years in the ab- sence of a knowledge of the scientific principles that have developed in comparatively \; , p , i-lna °"mi"ws a a « i i modern times. That they je-i's oia. were successful in measuring time and in preserving the records of historical events in their proper order is shown by the inscriptions found on the walls of tombs and on the obelisks. It is quite possible that the method employed by them had its origin among people who lived thousands of years before the Egyptians, and was handed down from one generation to another by word of mouth. Babylonian and Assyrian .Journalism. A PAP-S-RirS NEWS SHEET, 5,000 YEABS OLD. another style of news records of ancient Egyptia ■etui, sedgy )il:nit, sin^-iiod t!ic f;ivorlle writing Papy lined \m nil* Chceac. Athyr. era nil /WW* Pharmuthi. Phamenoth. While most historians point to the ancient Egyptians as the first race of men to leave their records of events in such shape that they have been handed down through ages of civilization, we must look to the ancient Babylonians and Assyrians for some of the most beautiful facts upon which our present-day language and writ- ings are founded. We find records of kings who reigned as far back as B. C. 1850. Ismi-dagan, an ancient Assyrian king, is revealed to us through hieroglyphics inscribed on monu- ments, and baked Clav tablets, a , ^. The above picture represents lation shows that it was much h kind of terra cotta. The most remarkable features of Assyrian civilization was its literature and libraries of clay tablets. It is to these records that we owe most of our present knowledge of the early history of that people. The principal Assyrian library was at Nineveh, and the monarch who did most for Assyrian literature was Assur-bani-pal, the Sardonapulus of the Greeks, to whose time the majority of the tablets belonged. Several hundreds of these clay tablets are in the British Museum 9.^ AVA\ 9^A«vm niiV fif Mesorc. Epiplii. While the Babylonians and Assyrians drew pictures and were gifted in the art of carving, their style of lettering appears more modern than it really is. The originals of the examples of early Babylonian and Assyrian Journalism depicted in the following pages were examined in the British Museum by the writer. The letters are uniform in appearance without refer- ence to pictures of hawks, snakes and vegetables. It is said that this writing is very similar to that of the ancient He- brew. Here we find what seems to be the first spelling book. We think a great deal of our Webster and other standard dictionaries of to- day and could not very well get along without them, but the Babylonian syllabary or spelling book, written B. C. 442, and shown on page 6, was as important in its day. Nearly every journalist knows that news letters pre- ceded the newspaper. Early in the history of our own na- tion our forefathers were obliged to depend for their news upon news letter wri- ters. That the Babylonians and Assyrians knew the art of letter writing 3,000 years ago is shown by a reproduc- tion on page 6 of one of these ancient news letters which is now in the British Museum. We have heard the story of Noah and his Ark and the flood that covered all the earth many times since we first went to Sunday-school. But it is not generally known that ancient Baby- lonian clay tablets antedating by some centuries the Hebrew, historians tell practically the same story. The story of the Creation and the story of the deluge may be seen on clay tablets in the British Museum. Attention is called to these ancient records for the purpose of showing the original trend of what is now called journalism. In the foregoing paragraphs I have endeavored to show a little of what has been learned con- cerning the beginnings of pic- tured and written thought. It was man's desire to ex- press in words and signs his devotion to a supreme being that brought to us the world of his- torical knowledge that we now possess. That desire is traced back through the ages of an- tiquity only through the chan- nels of journalism, or by written records such as have been repro- duced in these pages. The world would be little more than a cave dwelling place had it not been for the records that have come down to us through thousands of years, even though many of these chronicles were chiseled in granite by idolatrous nations. It must be remembered that the words written, pictured and printed in relation of Jour- nalism are as numerous as the sands of time and this story must suggest enough material to fill ten or twelve volumes. w Paophi. Thoth. <^ jvwa Mechir. Tybi. > A\WA Pajni. Pachon. calendu 12 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST Ancient Hebrew Writings. Among the ancient inscriptions and writings on monuments and other imperishable materials, there is none more interesting than the ancient Hebrew, which is by right a semetic language. Aramaic (from the Hebrew Aram) was spoken in Northern Syria, IVIesopotamia and Bab- ylon. The Jews spoke a dia- lect of that language and after their return from captivity at Babylon, B. C. 536, adopted the Hebrew as their sacred lan- guage. The Hebrew-Aramaic was a tongue in which Christ and His disciples conversed. "The ancient Hebrew shares the imperfections of the Semetic branch of languages to which it belongs," says Quackenbos, "and it is one of the oldest of tongues, the .Jews claiming that it was the original language of the human race." Its name is derived from Heber, an ancestor of Abraham, and consequently of the people who spoke the classical tongue of the Old Testament. In the days of Abraham, whose father dwelt in "Ur of the Chaldees," about B. C. 2000, the Semetic dialect differed very little from the Hebrew. The old Hebrew alphabet only contained twelve letters, this number being after- wards increased to twenty-two. The most ancient Semetic poetry is found in the Hebrew of the oldest books of the Bible. Nearly one-half of their sacred i>resent-dar writings was written in verse, chiefly lyrical, ranging from the simplest to the sublimest strains of prophecy. Quack- enbos says: "Other literatures boast of their epics and dramas ; but the Hebrew, without either, has exerted a far more exalted influ- ence on the human mind than any other." "Their language is significant and strik- ing, their thoughts lofty and solemn, their tone severely moral, their themes of the deepest interest to man. What wonder that the Hebrew poets tower above the sublimest writers of their times and countries?" "Whatever," says Taylor, "possesses most of simple majesty and force, whatever is most fully fraught with feeling, whatever draws away the soul from its cleaving to the dust and lifts the thoughts toward a brighter sphere — all such elements \\'e owe directly or indirectly to the Hebrew Scriptures, espe- cially those parts that are in spirit and form poetic." The earliest Hebrew writer of whom we have positive knowledge was Moses, the author of the greater part of the Pentateuch, the first five books of the Old Testament, called by the Jews "The Book of the Law." Every newspaper man is more or less familiar with the history of the life and times of this Giant of his- tory. SuflSce it to say that his influence still lives. In the t we caU r V of the m killed by THE FIRST KNOWN MAP O] WORLD. Tliis Babylonian map is jfi-obably planatory table. city of Piome stands a colossal statue of Moses, the work of Micheal-Angelo. It is, of course, a creation of the artist's imagination, as are thousands of other sculptured and painted pictures representing men and women whose real likenesses were never made while they lived. Nevertheless, Moses made a lasting impres- sion upon the minds of the whole world. The laws he laid down in the wilderness near Mt. Sinai are the basic founda- tion of all our modern govern- ments. Rawlinson's ancient history states that the "Au- thenticity of Moses works as part of God's word has been disputed from time to time; but neither Jews nor Christians doubt its inspiration. If either of these religious sects doubted it, they would have to build a new foundation for their churches." The Phoenician Language. The Phoenician alphabet, it is asserted by some historians, was composed of twenty-four letters, and were more mod- ernly arranged, grammatically speaking, than any other of its day. The narrow strip of coast land between the Libanus Mountains and the Mediter- ranean Sea was recognized as an important center of civiliza- tion. Its cities were seats of art and commerce; Africa, Sicily and Spain were dotted with its 'ons. colonies and trading stations ; the sails of its merchantmen were stretched on every known sea and its language known throughout the ancient world. Kirjath-Sepher was known as the famous "Book City" during the conquest of Canaan. The name of this city implies that it was a repositorj' of books, said to be those of public records and works of law. One im- portant Phoenician writer known to us is Sanchoniathon. "Fragments of his history, written," Quackenbos says, "perhaps in the fourth century before Christ, liave survived through a Greek translation." Grecian Journalism. While the Phoenicians were winning maritime supremacy, and achievements in art and science were spreading the renown of Egypt throughout all countries, a simple agricultural people were quietly moving westward toward Greece and Italy. It has ever been man's ambition to migrate west- ward. These Pelasgic tribes, as they were formally called, were the ancestors of Greece and Rome. The ancient Greeks themselves claimed, with pride, to have sprung direct from the earth (just as the Jews claimed to be the chosen people of God), and a golden grasshopper, worn in the hair as an ornament by the women of Athens, point to this belief in their autochthony. THE BABTLONIAN CHRONICLH. iblet in the Babylonian character, with a chronicle I events which tooli place in Babylonia and Assy ;ar of the reigrn o£ Nabu-nasir. Kin^ of Babylon. B, eral events inscribed which give separate reports of that day. Tliese news items are separated by 11 les) drawn between the paragraphs. In column th ition of Sennachherib. King of Assy 20th day of the month Tebet. in ■n the same style as so of assassinations. nd Babvlo jpper ).art icription. a of the tablet 13 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST These newcomers were the Hellenic race, identical with the Phoenician in origin, but forced to a higher state of develop- ment in the garden of Asiatic culture and ready to burst into a blossom on the soil of Greece. They were a people of greater vigor, physically and in- telligently. They formed a new nation and endowed it with new life, and with their Pelasgic dialect modi- fied by that of their kins- men in the Greek peninsu- la, they evolved a lan- guage which was destined to teach the whole world in arts and classics. These Greeks had a popular prov- erb, "Do nothing too much," which they applied in writings as in acting. "Ancient Greek," says Quackenbos, "is the most musical language of the Indo-European group. No monotonous repetition mars the harmony of Greek. It presents a pleasing variety in its vowel sounds." "The earliest forms of poetry were hymns to the deities. The religion of the ancient Greeks was a worship of Nature. Imagination peo- pled every nook of their picturesque land with su- pernatural beings, and each was propitiated with song, from the wood nymph supposed to reside in the spreading oak to the Sun- god Apollo, who, with the 'Nine Muses,' the godesses of poetry, abode on snow crowned Parnassus. To Mother Earth were poured forth strains of glowing gratitude for her bounty ; the god of wine, Bacchus, was hymned with lively lays in praise of revelry, and the burden of sacred songs varied with the char- acter of the divinity. "The delights and sorrows of domestic life also found utterance in verse; when the bride was escorted to her new home the nup- tial song was sung, and for the dead the funeral dirge was chanted." Thus was laid the foundation of Greek letters. From such rude beginnings the Greek imagi- nation, by strides unparalleled in history, mounted to the grandest heights ever attained in poetry. Moreover, to original Greek we owe the different varieties of lit- erary composition — epic, lyric and dramatic poetry, history, eriti- cism and oratory. This same Greek literature is taught in our high schools and universities, and our libraries throughout the country contain copies of Grecian journalism that has helped to inspire the liter- ature of the ages influencing, no doubt, our present-day editors and publishers to loftier ideals. BAKEB CI.A'X' NEWS IiETTEB. The style of news-letter writing in vog'ue between the Assyrians and the Egyptians B. C. 1450. One side of a two- sided letter on a clay tablet received by Amenophis, third King of Egypt, from Tushratta, King of Mitani. aclcnowledg- ing receipt of dispatches and referring to the friendship which existed between the royal houses of Mitani and Egypt. It also contains announcements of the dis- patch of a number of gifts to Amenophis the daughter of Tushratta, who A baked clav cvlinde • tablet, B. C. 3750, owned by Kin g Nab nidus of Babylon, ^ riho describe s himself "a s the great ki g, the ■nighty king of all ithe V rarld, the k ng of the ;our qu arters of the heave earth. and he states that "before his birth the g )ds Sin and Nergal had a signet to him a r nyal destinj The god Sin in tin- es pas : was wroth with his people. and brough ; the Scythiai s into the o tv of Harra. n, whe re they des troyed the temple called E-khu: " A great deal of the t ext is a desc rtption of this king s building operation . He built he ter nple of the Sun-god at Sippar, whicl: had b sen re stored by Ne buchadnezzar forty-five years before. Roman Journalism. Let us now turn our eyes of research to the sunny hills of Italy, home of the Latin race, whose people have never given up the language of the earliest settlers, who were akin to the tribes who spoke the dialects of the Phrygo-Hellenic tongue. When Rome was founded 753 B. C. the pre- dominant Italian races were distinguished as Latin and Umbrian, their lan- guages being closely re- lated. The Etruscans, who lived west of the Tiber, were of Arj^an ori- gin, and differed in many respects from the Um- brians and Latins. "In its most ancient form," says Quackenbos, "the Latin language was probably spoken by the people of Latium at least 1200 before the Christian Era." For many cen- turies it remained unpol- ished and its roughness did not wear away until it came in contact with Greek civilization about 250 B. C. The Latin alphabet con- sisted of twenty-one let- ters mostly borrowed from the Greeks through a Do- rian colony at Cumae. Lit- tle can be said of the literary history of the city during the five centuries that followed the founding of Rome, because of the fragmentary records that have come down to us. The oldest existing Latin poetry was inscribed on a tablet exhumed at Rome in 1778, just 135 years ago. It is a chant of the Arval Brothers, an association of priests founded under the Roman kings, and consists of an invocation to Mars, the god of war, to avert pestilence, volcanic eruptions, etc. It is reported in Professor Allen's "Remnants of Early Latin" that there is a fragment of another tablet upon which is inscribed a part of a hymn sung by the Sal- ian priests in honor of Janus. A Greek slave, Livius Androni- cus, who may be called the father of Roman classical literature, and who translated the Odyssey into Latin Saturnian verse, intro- duced his captors to the literary treasures of the Greeks. Then the Roman writers took their cue from Greek authors and Roman journal- ism and literature began to dawn. The first great poet of Rome was Titus Maccris Plautus, who lived 200 B. C., whose works were of a comic nature and closely followed the ballad songs of the earlier Latin race. A boorish country boy he left his home in the mountains of Umbria to seek his fortune in the great capital where, at first, he was successful as a stage carpenter and deco- BABTZ-ONIAN SYIiI^ABABT. An old Babylonian spelling book, writ- ten B. C. 442, inscribed with the names pronunciations and meanings of a num- ber of cuneiform characters, dated in tht tenth year of the reign of Artaxerxes, It is supposed it was used, most natu- rally, in the schools of 'those days tc teach the younger generation how tc spell and the meaning of the words. II was, in fact, a veritable "Webster's Un- ibridged." EINQ'S IIAGAZINi: OB PERIODICA!. BECOBS 14 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST found no res bird flew away, enter the sMp. ' r a 1 r. When unoccupied h e tried his hand at writing comedies and soon began to make "hits" in the theatrical world. His plays were very well re- ceived and the author soon be- came popular with the public. During the rest of his life, Plautus had no peer on the comic stage. He died in 184 B. C. Twenty of his comedies are ex- tant, one of which is entitled "The Captives." Cato, the philosopher, ora- tor and historian, was the first man who gave dignity to Roman literature. He wrote over 150 compositions or orations, as they were then called. His chief work was his "Origines," in seven books, giving a history of his country. The golden age of Roman literature began with Cicero, one of the greatest of all writers, ancient or modern. In the Cic- eronian period, 80-43 B. C, a stormy era of conspiracy as well as conquest, political eloquence and history monopolized the at- tention of the master minds of Rome. In the Augustan period, B. C. 42-14, and after 14 A. D., the greatest of Roman poets, Virgil and Horace, lived and wrote, Tibullus and Propetius put forth their sweet elegies, and Ovid his amatory composi- tions. Even the pages of Livy's history are aglow with poetic coloring. Cicero was born at Arpinum, a little Latin town, southeast of Rome. Seeing unusual talent in young Cicero, his father decided to develop it by a special course of study in an in- stitution in Rome which he himself superin- tended. Here the boy studied Greek literature and the writers who produced it. He became thoroughly versed in the languages under the teaching of Archias, a Greek scholar. He studied law and became the most famous orator at the Roman bar. Cicero was a many sided man and success- fully filled various public offices, but his en- during fame rests upon his orations, essays and philosophical treatises. Cicero's chief writings are the "Tusculan Disputations," "The Offices," a moral essay on "Old Friends and Old Age." The next greatest Roman journalist, and the most influential one-man power at one period of the Roman empire was Julius Csesar, born just 100 B. C. Shakespeare styled Csesar "The foremost man in all the world." The period at which he lived was a critical one, as Roman morals had degenerated, and "Justice" was openly bought and sold. The times de- manded a statesman who would not shrink from taking upon himself all needful respon- sibilities. Julius Csesar was the man Rome needed to accomplish the things required by the majority of the people. But although he was accused of seeking personal aggrandizement a deluge of Shuiip- A BAS-r&OmAIT STOB'Sr OF THE SEI^UGri:. According to this account "The gods determined to s( ui>on 'the earth, and Tsit-napishtim, a dweller in the ancient ci pak, on the Euphrates, was warned by the god Ea of thei: tUience to this god's instructions, he collected wood and materials for the building of a ship which was intended to save him and his wife and his family, and his beasts of the field from the waters of the flood. He made a barge 120 cubits long, six stories, nine rooms. The outside of the ship was smeared with bitumen and the inside with pitch fall and continued for On the seventh day the storm abated and the s ,. .rile the ship had drifted to the land of Nitsir, whe hi,e-h mouniain. seven days later Tsit-napishtir and six nights went down. Mean it grounded on top 'o: nt forth a dove, bu ig place and returned. Then he sent forth _. __ ___. nd although it approached and croaked, it did not ;it-napishtiim 'then knew that the waters had abated s tamily and the beasts of the field." The tablet above describes the times when "The heavens were not. and the earth was not, when there were no plants, and before the gods had come into being, and when the water deep was the source and origin of all things." The tablet below describes "The creation of a brood of monsters by Tiamat," etc. Mar- duk, 'the champion of the gods, gave instructions unto man after he had been created, saying, "The god says, thy heart shall be .pure before thy G-od, for that is what is due him. S'peak no evil against thy friend and neighbor. When thou hast made a vow, withhold not tha;t which thou hast vowed." rather than the advancement of the people's interests, history has yet to record the deeds of a man who did more for his country than Csesar. The whole world knows of Csesar and every school boy and girl has read about him. The greatest of Casar's works are his "Commentaries" on the Gallic and Civil wars. While the titles of his books sound very war- like, at least one-half of the text they contain is devoted to beauti- ful descriptions of the countries he visited and the people who populated them. He was en- gaged in writing his personal views of the Egyptians at the moment an Egyptian slave pre- sented to him in his apartments the famous Cleopatra. His army had subdued the Egyptians and he had taken possession of the capital. The walls of his rooms were decorated with ancient hieroglyphics, as may be seen in the accompanying picture. It is supposed that in this very room, through the help of Grecian scholars, Cssar changed the old Egyptian calendar. Caius Sallustius C r i s p u s, popularly known as Sallust, is another well known writer among the Roman historians. Csesar made him governor of the rich province of Numidia. Sallust did not "Do a thing" to this country, for in less than a year he had thoroughly plundered its treasures and re- turned to Rome with immense riches. He was saved from prosecution for extortion through the intervention of Casar. After the assassination of Csesar, Sallust settled in a beautiful villa erected from the funds he had stolen, and being satisfied with political positions that had been bestowed upon him, he wrote some interesting books, includ- ing "The Conspiracy of Catiline," "The Jugur- thine War," and an excellent history of Rome from 78 to 66 B. C. Lucretius, poet of the Ciceronian period, was a true Roman and a great lover of Nature. Homer alone excels him in power of descrip- tion. The only work of Lucretius that has come down to us was "On the Nature of Things," which Macauley styles "The finest didactic poem in any language. Space will not permit us to enumerate all the names of Roman writers whose works have been handed down and are highly esteemed by scholars as classics, but mention should be made of Tacitus, who was foremost among the prose writers of that period. Tacitus was considered by many the greatest historian of his day. In "Agricola" he gives a biography of his father-in-law, a Roman governor of Britain. This work is valuable on account of the light it sheds on Britain and the influence of Roman institutions. "Agricola" was followed by "Germania" showing the con- 15 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST ditions and customs of the people of Germany. The remaining works of Tacitus are his "Histories," "Annals" and dialogue on "The Decline of Eloquence." In his "Annals," composed of six- teen books, he traced the history of the emperors from the death of Augustus up to the point at which his "Histories" began. Portions of this work, which were published about 115 A. D., are lost, but one story is preserved giving a vivid description of the "Burning of Rome." Tacitus was born 53 A. D. and lived 64 years. We also find in Pliny the younger.a scholar of Quintillian, y" ~ - ^ -x ^ :^ another celebrated rhetori- cian, the champion news letter writer of his day. He lived from 62 to 113 A. D. Pliny took a prominent stand as the cham- pion of the wronged, and de- lighted in compelhng dishonest governors to disgorge tlieir stolen spoils. "It is as a letter writer," says Quackenbos, "that Pliny is entitled to a place among the worthies of Latin literature." His epistles to his friends and the emperor, in ten books, are among the most pleasing relics of antiquity. In the long array of names that represent the last three centuries of the Roman Empire we find none more worthy of respect than the Latin fathers, among the greatest was St. i' ^f,,,!?°,!^'in"| charTor?liryln""fhe' Augustine, 354 to 430 A. D. {- '"'"■"'"^ '" "" TuUoch said, "No single name has ever made such an impression upon Christian thought." St. Augustine was not born a Chris- tian, or rather had not been baptized and enrolled as a Christian antil after he had gone to Milan, where he taught rhetoric. When at last he became the Bishop of Hippo in Africa, he zeal- ously embraced Christianity and put forth fifteen treatises in refutation of the Pelagin heresies. His greatest works were "The City of God," "Confession" and a treatise on the "Trinity." Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, who lived in the last half of the fourth century, was the author of numerous episties and hymns, the Te Deum being one of his compositions. His "Offices" defines the duties of Christian pastors. St. Jerome, 340 to 420 A. D., was the great apostle of monasticism. From a con- vent at Bethlehem he promul- gated his Latin version of the Old and New Testaments, called the "Vulgate," because it was designed for the use of the common people who un- derstood no language but Latin. St. Jerome's Bible, adopted as a standard ver- sobibe. sion, was the first book put to press. It was printed in 1455, six or eight years after Guten- berg invented movable type. St. Gregory, Bishop of Constantinople, the last of the four great Latin fathers and the most poetical of early Christian writers, bequested to posterity a book of epistles, orations and religious poems. Tertullian, 150 to 230 A. D., was another early Christian writer worthy of mention on account of his treatises on "Pen- - % &JH ASSYRIAN CARTOON STORY. ■A litHe between the forces of Ashu: .. and Te-umman, King of Blam. on and tlie citv of Shushan. The scenes t of Te-umman, wh defending his fath off the head of Te-umman ? head of Te-umman to A r-banipal. King of the lilain between ; of the battle are lites; UrtalvU. an soldieir to behead falls to the ground EGYPTIAN ance," "Idolatry" and "Theatrical Exhibitions," etc., and also for his "Apologeticus" in defense of Christianity. In after life Tertullian joined a heretical sect, with whom he died. Cyprian, Bishop of Carthage, and a pupil of Tertullian, defended Chris- tianity with an eloquent pen and finally laid down his life for the faith. Journalism in Book Form. After the ancient Hebrew and Greek languages were estab- lished records of nearly all the important events of the world were written in these two tongues. Christ spoke mostly in Greek and Hebrew and His works were first written in these languages. Just before the birth of Christ and before paper was invented, records were written on bark or papy- rus, from which is derived the name for paper. Herodotus wrote the first intelligent his- tory of the world on papyrus. Some rolls of these old books were 30 feet long. Diodorus wrote on leather. It was a very common thing in his day to manufacture leather parch- ments from the skins of sheep and calves. All sorts of flexible substances were used for writ- ing purposes, but mostly those that would stand abuse and carry ink. Paper made from cotton came into use, according to Mont- faucon, toward the end of the ninth century ; and the invention came at an opportune time as parchments and palimpsests, the latter a Greek word meaning, twice rubbed, were very scarce. The demand for books of devotion had imperiled the preserva- tion of classical literature. It was the invention of Jinen paper that gave the first real impulse to book production. The precise date of this invention is disputed, but Mabilion refers it to the twelfth century. Montfaucon, however, found no specimen earlier than 1270. The form of ancient books diifered in accordance with the materials upon which they were writ- ten. When flexible materials came into use it was found convenient to use them in the form of rolls. The papyrus, and afterward the parch- ment sheets, were joined to- gether and then rolled upon a staff into a volume ( volumen ) . In the stone age the man with a five-pound granite stone in his right hand, which he used as a maul, and a hard flint in his left hand, which he used as a chisel or an en- graving tool, was a writer, and whatever he wrote upon was a book, in one sense of the word. It is said that "Necessity is the mother of invention." History shows us that as the human race progressed every new meritorious invention has created a demand for something else to go with it. We of this day call ourselves "Progressives," but we are no more entitled to that name than were the men of old who stumbled along the dim pathway of civilization. Every man who has invented a new word or improved the style of 16 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST writing is a link in the chain of journalism, but we must all take our hats off to the man who wrote first. When the Alexandrian library was established about 300 B. C, various expedients were resorted to to procure books. The Athenians were the earliest book sellers and supplied books to rich families or to any who could pay the price. In Rome, toward the end of the Republic, libraries were a necessary part of every Roman home. "The Acta Diurna." Long ages before the Euro- pean invention of the art of printing there were in Rome at the time of the Empire, many book publishing firms. To the Roman of the Augustinian period literature was an essential. The Romans possessed public libraries that were free to all. They had newspapers, too, not like ours, of course, in form, but they contained the news of the day and were eagerly read by aristo- crats and their educated slaves. The principal journal was en- titled "Acta Diurna" and was published under the sanction and management of the Govern- ment. Copies of the several is- sues were hung up in places of frequent resort, in public build- ings and in the Senate for the benefit of the people. These is- sues were sometimes copied for the private perusal of the wealthy class. All public events of impor- tance were chronicled in the Acta Diurna. The reporters, known as "Actuarii," furnished abstracts of the proceedings of law courts and public assem- blies. It also contained a list of births, deaths and marriages. One of its most popular features was the reports of trials for divorce. Juvenal tells us that "The women were all agog with the news of deluges, earth- quakes and other horrors," and that wine merchants and traders used to invent false reports, write them on sheets, and hang them up in their places of busi- ness to attract the women, espe- cially, who came to read the news, and incidentally, were in- duced to buy of them such ar- ticles as delight the feminine heart. In addition to all these means for gratifying the Roman taste for reading every respectable home possessed a library. Some of these books, or rolls, contain- ing records of the events of the times, were too huge to handle very easily and could not, therefore, be very well carried around. The chief writers of those days were educated slaves, who were called transcribers. At first they were employed in making copies of celebrated books for their masters. To speak of a man as a slave did not always mean that he was of low birth and Michael A fitted only for manual labor, for hundreds of persons captured in war by the armies of Rome were men of education and refine- ment, such as Greek slaves who were scholars. We learn that Atticus, a well-known Roman in the second century, and an author of note, founded what we now call a pub- lishing house and reproduced the works of favorite authors on a large scale. Atticus himself wrote and published an epitome of Roman history entitled "An- nals," comprising a period of seven centuries. He employed a large number of slaves to copy a book from dictation simulta- neously and was thus enabled to manufacture books rapidly and keep pace with the demand. Fancy an author of our day con- tracting to supply 1,000 copies of his book by such a method. No wonder that when the print- ing press was invented it made the world wiser in 300 years than had all the writers during all the ages that had elapsed since the birth of letters or of pictorial art. It is interesting to learn how cheaply those authors and book-makers produced copies of their works. According tj Martial, a famous Latin epi- grammatic poet, born at Bilikis, Spain, about 40 A. D, the first book of his poems was sold, neatly bound, for five denarii, or about 75 cents of our money, but in a cheaper binding for the people it could be had for ten sestertii, about 25 cents. His thirteenth book of epigram- matic writings was sold for four sestertii, about 11 cents in our United States money. Mar- tial further states that it would only require one hour to copy the whole of the second book, "Haec una peragit librarius hora," containing 540 verses. Therefore, in Rome during the time of Titus, for this Martial was a favorite of his, books were both plentiful and cheap. During the Middle Ages the art of book-making fell into desuetude, as slaves were em- ployed in what was regarded a more important work than that of reading and writing. Their masters, and even Kings and Princes regarded a quill pen in their own mail-gloved hands as a very foolish weapon. More- over, there was no educated public to which the book-makers could appeal. Every man of age had to use the sword and the art of transcribing was confined to a few monks, whose time hung heavily on their hands. As a natural result writers became, Odofredi says, "No longer writers but painters," and books became elabo- rate' works of art. This form of embellishment was not con- fined to Bibles, but was e.Ktended to law books as well. The booksellers of the tenth and twelfth centuries were ,boolcs of the Bible, 1450 B. 17 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST called "stationarii" either from the practise of stationing them- selves in booths or stalls in the streets or from another Latin word Static, meaning a depository, which the booksellei's kept open for the use of readers and for the reception of manuscripts offered for sale on consignment. In 1292 the bookselling corporation of Paris consisted of twenty-four copyists, seventeen bookbinders, nineteen parch- ment makers, thirteen illuminators and a few small dealers in books and manuscripts. But when printing was first introduced upwards of 6,000 people are said to have earned their livelihood by copying and illuminating manuscripts. The invention of printing, which can only be mentioned here, as an article on the subject appears elsewhere in this num- ber of The Editor and Publisher; the discovery of America, and the German and English reformations were milestones in the march of progress. It is perhaps remarkable that so many new and important influ- ences combined with the print- ing press to banish superstition and allow the light of education to fall upon groping humanity. Tyrannical rulers, Papal Bulls and the shafts of satirists could not quench the flame that had been kindled. A French poet of this pe- riod sneering at the invention of printing, and the discovery of America by Columbus, says : "I have seen a mighty Throng Of printed books, and long To draw to studious ways The poor men of our days. By which new-fangled practises We soon shall see; the fact is, Our street will swarm with scholars Without clean shirts or collars, With Bibles, books and codices As cheap as tape for bodices." The power of the press was soon feared by all monarchs and a printing house was looked upon as a possible army of destruction ; but it was more than three centuries before the press really began to breathe the air of independence. The readers of The Editor AND Publisher can now see why I began my story of Jour- nalism by first dealing with the ancients. I beg to submit the following genealogical table : We began with Nes-Khensu, the Royal Egyptian scribe, who first wrote upon stone. He was the father of the next journal- istic age, whose sons wrote upon clay tablets and whose descend- ants wrote upon skins and parchments. Their sons engrossed manuscripts upon paper made of cotton and hnen. Following them came the Romans, who wrote about current events for the Acta Diurna and whose sons copied and sold books. The print- ing press then unlocked the literary treasures of the country, and the editors of those days were the great-great-great-grand- fathers of the journalists of the twentieth century. Origin of the Modern Newspaper in Germany, England and France. The quarrel which was being fought with weapons in Holland and Germany was a matter between Protestants and Catholics ; each battle fought, each town taken gave joy to one half of Europe and grief to the other half. News, even from the most remote countries, was from that time eagerly looked for by all classes, and the rapid and regular circulation of news became a public necessity. This gave birth to newspapers. Religious controversy, so lively in the sixteenth century, had found in the art of printing both instrument and food. Big books, too long to write and read, made room for short, handy pamphlets easily circulated. These were in turn superseded by notices, proclamations, (satires printed on single sheets (usually on one side only), which could be obtained cheaply, could be passed swiftly under a cloak, and which could, if necessary, be posted at night. In order to warm up the zeal of their supporters, the parties had the report of their successes printed and distributed. It was through papers of this descrip- tion that the French Protestants learned the victories of their German friends ; they received them hidden in horse saddles or in the lining of traveling coats. It soon became customary to print on single sheets and sell at low prices reports of all nota- ble events and anything likely to tempt the readers. All that was wanted then was to collect several events on one sheet, give it a title and publish it regu- larly, and the newspaper would be created. We will not discuss China, though it is possible that the in- vention of newspapers may be the property of this strange na- tion, who, among so many things, invented printing; such seems to be the opinion of Vol- taire, who, in his Dictionary of Philosophy, says that China has possessed newspapers from time immemorial. Several newspapers ap- peared almost simultaneously, and through the influence of similar causes, at the commence- ment of the seventeenth cen- tury in Germany, England, France and Holland. If one wishes to settle the question of priority, dates seem to be in favor of Germany, Holland and England. Eugene Hatin, a Frenchman, who wrote a his- tory on newspapers, said: "It is in reality France who de- serves the credit of having brought out the first real newspaper." Venice, however, has a claim which must not be overlooked. It entirely rests on the etymology of the word "Gazette," or "Gazetta," which for a long time was used to designate political papers, and which is indisputably a Venetian word. During the wars against the Turks the Venetian Government, in order to gratify the rightful curiosity of citizens, ordered that reports of war news should be read in the public squares, and people gave a small silver coin, called "gazetta," to hear the read- ing, or (according to other writers) to buy the pamphlet in which the news was written ; hence, the name of Gazettes which was given to the papers containing the news. [The word "Gazet- tin" was more usually applied to manuscript papers, but some writers say that gazettes took their name from that of a talkative ting and g-ained h 18 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST bird, the magpie (gazza in Italian). Others make it come from a corrupt Hebrew word "Izgard," which means messenger.] If we are to believe an article published by Mr. Sichel in the French Athenaeum of 2d of September, 1854, Germany has a much better claim, and maintains that it is to commerce that the origin of newspapers should be traced. He writes : "At the time when the Venetian Government pub- lished the 'Written News' (Notizie scritte) the big Ger- man commercial firms were already beginning to circu- late manifold copies of their commercial intercourse in order to be kept informed of political events likely to in- fluence business. Among the written reports representing the first attempts at this kind of journahsm were some written at Augsbourg under the auspices of the house of Fugger at the end of the six- teenth century, which as- sumed a shape and an extent which made them run very close to our modern news- papers. Nearly every day there appeared a number under the title of Ordinary Gazette (Ordinari - Zeittun- gen), and in conjunction with them some supplements 'Extra Gazettes' (Extraordi- nari-Zeittungen), containing the most recent news. The price of each number, or sup- plement, was 4 kreuzers in Augsbourg, while for the whole year, including delivery at home, the price was 25 florins. The Ordi- nary Gazettes alone cost 14 florins. A collection of these Augs- bourg Gazettes covering the period 1568-1604 has been pre- served in the Vienna Library, and it forms a valuable reference for the history of that period. "The abundance of news contained in this collection may be accounted for by the exten- sive connections of the firm of Fugger. They had agents in every part of the world and cor- responded daily with all the largest commercial firms. This correspondence from time to time contained advertisements — long lists of things that could be bought in Vienna. 'The Zeittungen were not rewritten in one language but in the language of the country from which they were sent. A good many were in Italian, the commercial medium of those days, while contributions from savants and clergymen were written in Latin. "England, on the other hand, made an early claim to the origin of this kind of publication, based on three numbers of a supposed Mercury of 1588, which have since been found to be a clever fraud. However, we find in England in the last days of Elizabeth and the first days of James I. a large number of papers and placards entitled 'News,' which contained a relation of the events which had taken place in England and on the Conti- nent. In the latter case, the title nearly always indicates that the news offered to the public has been translated from the original Dutch. This thoughtfulness on the part of the English editors would be sufficient to settle the claim in favor of Holland." SENECA B. C. 4-65 A. S. The great Koman writer who was banished into exile; after eight years returned and educated Nero: when Nero became Emperor he tried to poison Seneca and upon the fail- ure to do so Seneca was at last falsely eondemned to die and give bled ito death. KOMEB. Rep oduction of a statue in Rome. One o f the most famous of Greek poets B. C. 1200. He T VTOte the ■■Iliad the story of '■The Siege of Troy.' ■'The Odyssey" and '■The Tale of Uly ses' Wanderii gs." In order to place this controversy before the readers of The Editor and Publisher and let them pass final judgment as to what country or what man should have the credit of starting the first regular, modern newspaper, I will quote, direct, from the historians who have given the most complete account of journal- ism in each of their respective countries. They are about the only authorities we have on this subject whose works have been accepted as the true history of the press in the countries named. L u d w i g Salomon, who wrote the most complete his- tory of German Journalism, published in two volumes in 1906, says: "Everything in the way of newspapers of the seven- teenth century which has been preserved for us consists of miserable fragments out of which only a few complete annual volumes are forth- coming. These scant remains are scattered especially in the libraries of Munich, Stutt- gart, Frankfurt-on-the-Main, Marbury, Heidelberg, Leip- zig, Berlin, Vienna and Stock- holm. Comparatively many German news sheets have been preserved at the Impe- rial Library at Stockholm. Owing to the lively interest which Sweden naturally took in the great wars of Ger- many, all the newspapers containing important reports were sent to Stockholm where, during the devastating wars in Germany, they remain un- damaged and were preserved for later years. "The external form of these first newspapers remind one in many ways of the book. The size never exceeded that of quarto. The title generally occupied the whole of the first page and was very long and cumbersome. In most cases there was a broad ornamental border and some- times an emblem as, for example, a globe with a flying mercury, or a small poetical address to readers." The Firsi Real Modern Newspapers. "The oldest existinf printed newspapers," according to Salomon, are the following : "The Strasburger Zeitung, and its publisher Johann Carolus; The Frankfurter Blaetter (The Frankfurt Papers), Egenolph Emmel, Johann von den Birghden, Schoenwetter ; Die Ober- postamts Zeitung (the chief Postal authorities' paper) , the founder of the Frankfurt Journal- Serlin. The oldest still existing printed news- paper is one Strasburger Zeitung of 1609," ac- cording to Dr. Julius Otto Opel, who discovered it in 1876 in the University Library of Heidel- berg. Literally its title was : Relation. Aller Flrnemmen und gedenkwurdigen Historien so sich hin und wider in Hoch und Nieder Deutschland, auch in Frankreich, Italien, Schott und Eng- elland, Hisspanien, Hungern, Polen, Siebenbiirgen, Wallachey, Moldaw, Turkey, etc., Inn diesen 1609 Jahr verlaufen und zutragen moclite Alles auf das treu- lichste wie ich solche bekommen und zu wegen bringen mag in Druck ver- fertigen will. Translation of foregoing title: "Relation." "Of all important and noteworthy events which may occur or ST. JESOME 340-420 A. D. as 'first to translate the bible the Latin language. He also ;e many church epistles. 19 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST come to pass during- this year (if IGOi) in Iligli or Low Germany, also in France, Italy, Scotland and England, Spain, Hungary, Poland and Siebenburgen, Wallachy, the Moldovian Countries, Turkey, etc. Everything I shall put into print as precisely as I receive or as I may obtain it." This heading is surrounded by a pretty marginal embellish- ment in wood engraving. The whole publication for the year fills a Quarto Volume of 115 leaves, and originally contained 52 numbers, but No. 34 has been torn out after the binding of the Annual set. From the wording of the heading of this, it is clear that the same had already been annexed to the first number, and has not been added to the last number, as it is done at the present time. After the general heading follows an introduction, in which the pub- lisher signs himself "JOHANN CAROLUS" and asks the reader to excuse any mistakes and to correct them. He justifies this request on account of the haste, in which the composition has taken place, and "because it has to be fin- ished off hurriedly during the time of the night." More important than this admis- sion is the beginning of the introduction, which tells us that Johann Carolus has been favored by the Grace of God to continue the issuing of the "Ordinarii Avisa since sev- eral years." The publisher explains by these words that he has edited newspapers for many years and that this set is only a con- tinuation of an older undertaking. On the back of the introduction the cor- respondences commence. The first is from Cologne, dated January 8 ; then follow others from Antwerp, December 26 ; Rome, Decem- ber 20; from Vienna, also December 26, and Prag, December 20. With the correspond- '('li'S'I-nimix' ii/'\'^'i' ence from Prag ends the first number on page 7. Page 8 contains no printed matter. The remaining numbers of the ye;',r'« publication, which generally consist of four pages, contain also correspondence from Frankfurt-on-the- Main, Erfurt, Linz, Pressburg, Cracova, Amsterdam, Brussels, Lyons, etc. Most frequent are the correspondences from Prag (92), Vienna (77), Venice (52), Rome (51) and Cologne (51). Of special interest is a communication from Venice, Sept. 4, number 37, in which the invention of the Telescope by Galileo is advised. It says there : "The Government (of Venice) has paid a tribute of honor to Signor Galileo of Florence, Professor of Mathematics at Padua, and has also in- creased his sa'iary by 100 Crowns annually, because he has, by his industrious study invented an instru- ment and "eye measure" which enables one, on the one hand to see places at a distance of thirty miles, as if they were quite near, and, on the other hand, objects near to one's eye appear ever so much bigger than they are in reality. This clever invention he presented as a gift to the public for general use." The editor of this Zeitung, Johann Carolus, was also the owner of a large printing establishment in Strassburg; but nevertheless, every effort to find out more interesting details of this man proved hitherto unavailing, allthough the continu- ance of his Zeitung can be traced up to the year 1649. Opel is even of the opinion that the same appeared during the whole of the 17th century. - Even more than in Strassburg our attention is called to the increasing journalistic activity in Frankfurt-on-the-Main. Frank- THE PATHEK OP HISTORY, BOOK OR ROLL MADE OP PAPYRUS BOUND WITH STRIFES OP PAPYRUS AND SEALED WITH TWO CLAY SEALS. furt was always a much more important city of commerce than Strassburg. Aeneas Silvius, who became, later, Pope Pius II, called it even in the 15th century, "the heart of the communica- tion between High and Low Germany" and Hans Sachs "the Mother of Mercantile Industry." Already towards the end of the 16th century a widely rami- fied and regular messenger service from Frankfurt-on-the-Main was instituted; and, as later on, the city was connected with the Taxis postal service between Vienna and Brussels (this postal service originally did not touch the town of Fran'rfurt, but passed it by, in a South-westerly direction), all new reports from all directions were able to ripidly reach Frankfurt, which was a necessary condition for the publication of a newspaper. The first attempt at such an undertaking was made by the book-dealer and printer, Egenolph Emmel, in the year 1615. Un- fortunately no numbers of these Emmelchen newspapers can be identified with certainty. Opel, however, considers that the numbers 39 and 42, 43 and 48 of a newspaper of the year 1615, which are to be found in the Municipal Archives of Dresden, may be looked upon as productions of Emmel. Thes? numbers have no title, but are only furnished with Arabian numerals. Numbers of this newspaper of the years 1616 and 1617 are to be found in the Marienstift Library at Stettin. The news in these numbers is most- ly concerning foreign countries. First Newspaper Competition. Evidently the newspaper was a success, since already in the year 1617 there arose a dangerous competition, which resulted in a lengthy and obstinate dispute. The com- petitor was the postmaster of the Prince rnoi"*"'^'" ""'"'"*■ ^ of Taxis, Johann von den Birghden. This man played a great part in the development of the press in Frankfurt in the 17th century. He was born in Aix-La-Chapelle in the year 1582, was at first a soldier, then postal manager, judge, customs officer, until, in the year 1609, he was sent to Frankfurt by the general postmaster, Leonhord von Taxis, in order to organize a new postal service. He gave ample proof of his fitness, but nevertheless, he retired from this office in the year 1613. By the special wish of the Prince Elector of Mayence, he took part in the establishment of a postal com- munication between Frankfurt and Cologne, and was afterward appointed by the Prince Lomoral von Taxis as postmaster of Frankfurt. In consequence, many new reports naturally ar- rived daily in the Post House of Taxis, and the practical postmaster, von den Birghden, sought to turn them to good account in the manner of Emmel's enterprise ; he also issued in the beginning of the year 1617 a newspaper. At the same time, he tried to sup- plant the Emmel's newspapers abroad by carelessly despatch- ing the same. Thereupon Emmel lodged a complaint at the Sheriff's Court, in which he emphasized the fact that he had been first in issuing the newspaper, and prayed that the Court would assist him that he should not be deprived of that which he had printed and had procured from other printers, during the last two years. This complaint was recognized by the Court, who prohibited the postmaster from printing his newspapers in Frankfurt, to the disadvantage of the plaintiff. Von den Birghden, however, declared that he would not abide by the prohibition, but, on the 20 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST contary, he would continue to print his news in Frankfurt, to suit his own convenience. Emmel complained again. But as the Court perhaps considered that the postmaster was an in- fluential person who had behind him very highly placed person- ages, they arrived at the following decision. Lectum in Senate 30 January Anos 1617, and decreed that permission should be given to Birghden as well as to Egenholf Emmel, to print their papers on their own risk, and at the same time to express to Birghden displeasure on account of his wrongdoing. It appears that Birghden was not quite satisfied with the decision ; he, therefore, further appealed to the Emperor Ferdinand II, and to the Protector of the State Post, the Prince Elector of Mayence, and the latter wrote to the magistrate : "As the News and Zeitungen always arrive at the Post (an assertion, which was subsequently disputed by the postmasters), therefore it would be more justifiable to grant the postmasters the permission to print papers in preference to others, who often invent news for their own self interest." Both papers then ap- peared side by side and in- deed it appears that Em- mel's paper sided more with the citizens and Protestants, whereas Birghden's gave its services more to the impe- rial and Catholic party. Of these, except Birgh- den's "Zeitung," no existing copies have been identified. Opel presumes that several numbers of "Zeitungen" of the years 1621-1623, which bear the title "Unvergrei- fliche Zeitungen and Wo- chentliche Zeitungen," and which may be found in the archives of Marburg, and in the State archives of Dres- den, are productions of Birghden; but there is no support for this supposition. In the meanwhile an- other paper was founded in Frankfurt by the book deal- er, Schonwetter. This en- terprise, however, met at first with many difficulties, as the Emperor Ferdinand II. withdrew the patent, which he had granted, for the ostensible reason, that he was not pleased with the tone of the paper. Schoen- wetter, nevertheless, continued its publication, trusting to the turbulent condition of the times, which rendered it difficult to keep proper control over such matters. He also reaped con- siderable advantage from the embarrassments which befell Birghden after 1623. Birghden was accused of entering into relations with the enemies of the Emperor, and was for some time kept under arrest. He succeeded, however, not only in defending himself, but also in again obtaining the favor of the Emperor to such a degree that the latter, in 1625, con- ferred upon him a title of nobility. Good fortune, however, did not smile upon him for long. On the 3rd of March, 1627, the Emperor decreed the immediate removal of Birghden from the postal service, because "in the weekly papers, which circulate greatly in France, he meddles JULIUS CAESAR AND CLEOPATBA. with improper matters, to the prejudice of the Empei'or and the Common Welfare." Other accusations of a similar nature were brought Birgh- den, whose attempt to disprove them was of no avail, and he was ultimately compelled to resign, and therewith, evidently, terminated the existence of his paper. Soon after this the Emperor took still more determined measures. With a single edict of May 9, 1628, he did away with all the newspapers of Frankfurt, giving to the Count of Taxis the sole right to print newspapers. He continually held that the privilege of issuing newspapers was at all times an annex of the Frankfurt Post Office, and under the authority of the postmaster the dailies continued. At this critical moment, Schonwetter, the bookseller suc- ceeded in obtaining from the Count of Taxis permis- sion to print a newspaper, or rather to continue the paper which he had hitherto published. It is not known what obligations Schoen- wetter assumed, but there can be no doubt that he had in the first instance, to rep- resent the news and inter- ests of the Count of Taxis, the Emperor, and the Cath- olic party. The paper appeared un- der the title "Ordentliche woechentliche Post-Zeitung" (Ordinary Weekly Post- Journal) and gave news from Rome, Venice, Vienna, Prague, Breslau and Ham- burg, etc. One copy. No. 49, of the year 1629, is still in existence in the State Archives of Frankfurt, and several others of the same year, in the State Archives of Dresden. The success of Schon- wetter was, however, of short duration, because' when the Swedes ap- proached Frankfurt in the year 1631, Mr Brintz, the postmaster appointed by Taxis, took to flight and King Gustav Adolph again entrusted Birghden with the general direction of the post at Frankfurt. Naturally Birghden made use of this opportunity to again pub- lish "Zeitung." Documen- tary evidence in confirmation of this fact does not exist but we may certainly take it for granted that the many "news sheets" evidently emanating from Frankfurt, during the years 1632- 1635, under title of "Ordentliche wochentliche Zeitung" (ordi- nary weekly paper) which are to be found partly in the Zuricher Burgher Library, and partly in the State Archives of Dresden, as well as the oft quoted No 58 of the year 1632, in the Camerishen Collection at Munich, are productions of Birghden. They naturally side with the Swedes, without showing them- selves too antagonistic to the Emperor. After the conclusion of the Peace of Prague the House of Taxis again undertook the management of the Post and Birgh- den was again forced to retire, although he was distinctly in- cluded in the amnesty of the Emperor. The newspaper again 21 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST adopted the title Post Zeitung and the first page was ornamented with the picture of a trumpeting postillion. Later the paper received the title "Ordentliche Wochentliche Kaiserliche Reichs Post Zeitung" (ordinary weekly Imperial State Post-Zeitung). The slack discipline prevailing during the occupation of the in the course of a week, making it a tri-weekly publication. After the death of Serlin in 1674, his widow continued the publication, until Postmaster Johann Wetzel of Lauterberg finally succeeded, in 1678, in obtaining an Imperial rescript for- bidding the continuation of the Journal, because the privilege of Swiss allowed of the issue of a second paper, in addi- tion to the Birghden'shen Zeitungen. The publisher and printer can no longer be ascertained, possibly it was Wolfgang Hofman, who at that time published several prints in the inter- ests of the Swiss. The title of the year 1632 (a file of which is preserved in the Burgher Library of Zurich) is "Zeitung Post," followed by a lengthy in- troduction. In later years, several changes were made in the title, yet the word "unpartheiisch" (impar- tial) is generally employed, so that Opel named them the "Unparteiische Frank- furter Zeitung" (The Im- partial Frankfurt Jour- nal). Nevertheless, it sided strongly with the Protes- tant party, and from their camps received very valu- able reports. Its existence can only be traced until the year 1656. It ceased to ap- pear in the year 1660. Apparently a second newspaper was a necessity for Frankfurt, for only a few years after the disap- pearance of the "Impartial" another similar paper was ■ brought into life, this time by a book seller, Wilhelm Serlin, a native of Nurem- berg, who published his paper on Tuesdays and Saturdays. This naturally met with the violent opposi- tion of the postmaster of Taxis. Originally this new Zeitung was called the "Hollands Progressin," be- cause it contained prin- cipally reports from the Netherlands, but later it took the title "Journal." Owing to the great in- terest which the war in Holland excited, and fur- ther because of the paper's out-spoken Protestant tendency, and the moderate price of two gulden for a year's subscription, at which it was sold, the new paper rapidly obtained a large circulation, which in- duced the editor to issue occasionally a third paper SPECIMENS OF ALPHABETS. Hieroglyphics. Coptic. Etiiiopic. Cuneiform. MerolUc Sanslcrit. Phoenician. Hebrew. Syrlac. Estrangelo. Syro-Chaldaic. Greek. Inscr. Greek. Arabic. Panjabi. Ouiaratl. Bengalis Oriya. Telugu. Mafayalim. Tamil. Sinhalese. Burmese. Siamese. Chinese. Japanese. Chlppewyan, Armenian. Russian. German. Irish. D o \'\ I c> W ^±n new icjuT 6T*>Erfr«4>rto'yi,iAApeqTOY£iO nbbn :rbm?-b3 •'liprp'ili-bsi njnrrn? "''P'??. "'^i.^ UaTep rjficov 6 iv tois oupavois, ayiacr6y]To> nAT€P HMnN O €N TOIC OVPA U WTFt ^lf3T ^ m7[ f^ t, :t3T 7^' e?i eii9^fl|??G'Q ^^S ac'l^ ^^'^ ^\^^ ^l €51^ 1 ffTneB*3a©s oro_icocronooocQ) n-TlrooGaJ, co\e> ccooSscoScqS8codSqoo30 33051^008 t ft- fi^ * ^ S il Eg I ^ W E ;fi « W Sfc « 3c « 5r ^ * ilC h'=\ TiC, U"D Cp' CTt^C <1CT!/Ix W:> t>U/^ ^•ujp Jkp np jbp^piiu, vni-pp. blhafi ui'bnJb ^n : Othb Harat, cymiH na He6ecax'b ! aa Unfcr aSatcr in bent ^immcl! 35ctrt SJamc ^j\ n-At^tf Acik J.t» ne^rh, 50 fiAomt^ip C'Aintn. 22 (00030 33001^ wjsS^i UM3 wvimfi^Mjny If titj f.w^353f^, issuing newspapers be- longed to the Post. Epistolary Newspapers. At the same time as the messengers w ere being supplanted the hand-writ- ten newspapers also began to decline; yet in this case the motive not envious competition, but the appre- hension lest in these closed letters much falsehood, libel and especially much that was heretical might be circulated. It was mainly with regard to the latter that many civil and ecclesiastical a u t h orities felt uneasy. With spying eyes they watched over everything that was printed; every single line was subjected to severest censorship, such that the written newspapers were powerless to withstand. Among those who acted as censor to the Austrian Government was also Dr. Johann Maximilian Sallo, whose duty it was to con- trol and proceed without mercy against oflfenders in cases, even inflicting cor- poral punishment. How- ever, one soon became con- vinced that such a control in spite of all severity was impossible. Thus it was decided oflihand to pro- hibit every written paper. Throughout the whole of Austria they decreed this on the 10th of May, 1672, and at the same time the command was given that printed newspapers only were to be made use of. Thus the epistolary news- papers disappeared and a new political life unfolded. Going back to the subject of Widow Serlin and the claim of Postmaster Wet- zel, the Town Council took the part of the oppressed widow, and proved that the claim of the post official was unfounded and de- manded the withdrawal of the Imperial rescript. These proceedings resulted in the rejection of the un- warranted claim of the Frankfurt Post Office, and the Journal, under the able editorship of Herr THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST GUTENBEKG'S FIEST PKINTING OrPICE, Reproduction of a famous painting- depicting- Gutenbe talking to Faust, who is inspecting proof sheets from tl movable type. Faust afterwards became financier of the tiamatee pntlriiltgaFptctoipfcbtu Ifgffpnto jjicq wimifitCfuftDtitopfC^gfcbrrilcmKttfuiuniit'am Inn fit f fintlnfin'uonfo fa nuis iploniB t^f pnti %P DOHATTTS. (MAINZ: c. 1448.) GTTTEIIBEEG'S FIRST TTPE, Dornheck, the son-in-law of the Widow SerKn, developed into one of the most flourishing newspapers, which had a large circle of readers in Germany and abroad. By the energetic and undaunted exertion of Widow Serlin, the . Journal reached a circulation of 1,500 copies, a thing unheard of at that time. In the meantime the circulation of the Post Zei- tung dwindled from 1,000 to 500. The amount of income which Mrs. Serlin derived from the Journal was so considerable that it caused one of her competitors to remark: "No Judge of the Imperial Courts, no Chancellor of any German Prince and no Syndicus (Secretary) of any of the Free Cities of the Empire enjoys an appointment as lucrative as the privilege patents of Widow Ser- lin for issuing the Journal, which secures her an income of 20,000 thalers. "This valuable patent, which was transferred to her heirs in the year 1686, remained in the possession of the Ser- lin family until 1802, and during that period the Jour- nal, or, as it was also called, 'the Serlin'she Zeitung,' was published by the successors of the Serlin family." — • From Ludivig Salomon. Now, let us examine the claims of England as the birthplace of the first newspapers. F. N. Hunt, in his stoiy of "Enghsh Journalism," published in 1850, has this to say : "When the reign of James the First was drawing to a close ; when Ben Jonson was poet laureate, and the personal friends of Shake- speare were lamenting his then re- cent death ; when Cromwell was trading as a brewer at Hunting- don ; when Milton was a youth of sixteen, just trying his pen at Latin verse, and Hampden a quiet country gentleman in Buckingham- shire, London was first solicited to patronize its first newspaper. "There is now no reason to doubt that the puny ancestor of the myriads of broad sheets of our time was published in the metrop- olis in 1622, and that the most prominent of the ingenious specu- lators who offered the novelty to the world was one Nathaniel But- ter. His companions in the work appear to have been Nicholas Bourne, Thomas Archer, Nathanir] Newberry, William Sheffard, Bar- tholomew Downes and Edward Allde. All these different name", appear in the imprints of the early numbers of the first newspaper — The Weekly Newes. "What appears to be the earliest sheet bears date the 2d of August (1622), and has the names of Bourne and Archer on the title page ; but as we proceed in the examination of the subject THE STBASBtTBGEB ZEITUNG, The oldest existing printed newspaper in a modern by Johann Carolus in Strasburg, Germany, in 1609 pajper were discovered by Dr. Julius Otto O.pee ir Heidelberg University in 1876. we find that Butter became the most conspicuous of the set. He seems to have been the editor and writer, whilst the others were probably the publishers; and, with varying titles, and appar- ently with but indiiferent suc- cess, his name is found in con- nection with newspapers as late as the year 1640. * * * "No claim for very great originality or genius can be put in for Butter. His merit con- sists in the simple fact that he was the first to print what had long been written — to put into type what he and others had been accustomed to supply in MS. ; the first to give to the news-letters of his time the one characteristic feature which has distinguished news- papers ever since. He oflfered the public a printed sheet of news to be published at stated and regular intervals. "Already hosts of printed papers, headed by the word 'News,' had been issued ; but they were mere pamphlets — catch-pennys, printed now and then, with- out any connection with each other, and each giving some portion of intelligence thought by its author to be of sufficient interest to se- cure a sale. "The Weekly News was distinguished from them all by the fact that it was published at fixed intervals, usually a week apart, and that each paper was numbered in regular suc- cession, as are the newspapers of to-day. Holding to this descrip- tion of what a newspaper is, and on the authority of the earliest printed papers in the public libra- ries, to Nathaniel Butter belongs the renown of being foremost as a newspaper projector. * * * "Like many projectors, both before and since, it would seem that Butter gained more notoriety than profit by his invention. The wits laughed at the news-writer, and the public barely supported his paper. In proof of which we have Ben Jonson's Comedy, 'The Staple of News,' and a file in the British Museum showing how in- difl'erently the first newspaper throve. "Yet however much the journal- ist may have winced under the jests of the poet laureate, it is for- tunate the jokes were made, since they live in the pages of 'Rare Ben,' and afi^ord us a picture not only of the news-writer's office, but of the temper in which his pro- ductions were popularly regarded. The poet's sketch is evidently faithful in its main features, and valuable as our chief record of a class and calling long since superseded by the progress of educa- tion and of the press." * * Ben Jonson wrote a play, en- titled "The Staple of News," in 1625, the play representing ;ense. published Copies of this the Library of 23 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST Siwsr" Butter and his newspaper staff. The first number of "The Weekly News" appeared, as has been stated, August, 1622, and it contained the following announcement: "If any gentleman or other accustomed to buy the weekly relations of newes be desirous to continue the same, let them know that the writer, or transcriber, rather, of this newes, ^^ hath published two former newes, the one dated the 2d and the other the 13th of August, all of which do carry a like title with the arms of the King of Bohe- mia on the other side of the title page, and have de- pendence one j-^ upon anothei , "^j^ which mannei ^, of writing and v'^ printing he doth ^ purpose to con- tinue weekly b\ God's assistance from the best and most certain intelli- gence : farewell, this twenty-third day of August, 1622." Butter continued the publication of The Weekly Newes in an intermittent manner for about sixteen years. The paper came out with fair regu- larity when exciting events were taking place on the Con- tinent in connection with the Thirty Years' War; but when a truce took place, or winter put an end to military move- ments, the publication ceased, to be resumed, however, when- ever events marched rapidly. Between the years 1600-50, hundreds of news sheets were issued from the London press, but no systematic publication of news took place prior to the appearance of Butter's famous paper. We find that by 1625 But- ter's paper had assumed the name "The Continuation of Our Weekly News," a facsimile of which is reproduced else- where in this edition. The Weekly News dos not appear to have been published after 1638. The First French Newspaper. While newspapers were feel- ing their way in Germany and England, a paper appeared in Paris, which, in view of the regularity of its publication, its European circulation, the abundance and quality of the material it contained, the superiority of its editorship -iKti PKOGKESSION OP THE PKANKFURTER JOUBNAL TIP TO 1804, SHOWING THE PAPEK AS IT APPEARED AT DIFPEKENT STABES. and the number of its correspondents, answered as completely as possible, for those days, the idea we have of a newspaper. The annals of French journalism begin with the Gazette, es- tablished by Theophraste Renaudot in 1631, under the patronage ^ of Richelieu, and with his active co-operation. Much of its earliest foreign news came diiect fiom the minister, and not seldom in his own hand. Louis XIII took a keen, perhaps a somewhat childish, interest in the progress of the infant Gazette, and was a frequent con- t r i b u t r, now and ■''""" then taking his little ,' paragraphs to the print- I i n g office \ himself, and ' seeing them \ put into type. Renaudot was a man eminent- ly remarkable for his time, :' i and he has not ~~—- '-- s^^s'been given all the credit he deserved. His life so full and restless, his innocent invention, his troubles with the faculty of medicine, his struggle with the Frondeurs, are full of real interest. Richeheu, who soon understood the impor- tance of an organ which he could turn to the advantage of his politics, had granted Re- naudot a very wide privilege which gave him the monopoly of all gazettes and other pub- lications bearing a political character. This privilege nearly perished in 1649, and Renaudot only saved it through sheer cleverness. The papers were merely record- ers. During the first period of their existence the literary papers were hardly any more than bibliographical records, limited to the announcement and analysis of new publica- tionb. It was not until the middle of the eighteenth century that Desfontaines and Freron be- gan criticising, we might al- most say, journalism. While political papers were so well muzzled literary papers en- joyed the fullest freedom. Renaudot was born at Lou- dun in 1584, studied medicine in Paris and at Montpellier, es- tablished himself in the capital in 1612, and soon became con- spicuous both within and be- yond the limits of his profes- sion. Endowed by nature with great energy and versa- 24 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST ' ■ THE CO-NTINVATION O F O V K. W E EK L Y N'twcs, from rhe i^-of f s/vK/t^ to ;hc 2, of March.. vfisb the: «>«*« JW« tfthc f-igc y B reda. r'mUuM'if'ii'J the ImseiifSoca fy's/a cj.,WV Gciic. TMW.ir7i-/il:t p-cf'iraiim o/EcthlciT! G^iboi ^ *(■«« H'iilt ihi iniufor. if she tv»"f »/Y''"Urne »» Germany. Is 1 fi lie f> mri i>^ < I hi li nr luth mnJe ix di tt uchfor ;c »\ 'tjlinc j^firff ;4<' rf.1/ ;/(-/ !!t> ri I c'> hue hem ^m n to if fp rifrvCrs Ticm K'jn Vcni Ccrmanv Francu i [I c nd . tility, he seems at an early period of his career to have attracted the attention of the great Cardinal, and to have obtained permis- sion to establish a sort of general agency office, under the desig- nation of "Bureau d'Adresses et de Rencontre." An enterprise like this would, perhaps, naturally suggest to such a mind as Renaudot's the advantage of following it up by the foundation of a newspaper. According to some French writers, however, the project was formed by Pierre d'Hozier, the genealogist, who carried on an exten- sive correspondence both at home and - .„ - abroad, and was thus in a position to give valuable help; according to i .ii.?./'*, others, by Richelieu himself. Be this as it may, Renaudot put his hand zealously to the work, and brought out his first weekly number in May, 1631. So much, at least, may be inferred from the date (4th July, 1631) of the sixth number, which was the first dated publication, the five preceding numbers being marked by "signatures" only — A to E. Each number consists of a single sheet (eight pages) in small quarto, and is divided into two parts — the first sim- ply entiled Gazette, the second Nou- velles Ordinaires de Divers Endroits, For this division the author assigns two reasons — (1) that two persons may thus read his .iournal at the same time, and (2) that it facilitates a di- vision of the subject matter — the Nouvelles containing usually intelli- gence from the northern and western countries, the Gazette from the south- ern and eastern. He commonly be- gins with foreign and ends with home news, a method which was long and generally followed, and which still ob- '''''"- "''■■*' '■'*''"'^' tains. Once a month he published a supplement, under the title of Relation des Oouvelles du Monde, recues dans toute le mois. In October, 1631, Renaudot, obtained letters-patent, conferring exclusive privileges of printing and selling, where and how they might please, "the gazettes, news, and narratives of all that has passed or may pass within and without the kingdom." His assailants were numerous, but he steadily pursued his course, and at his death in October, 1653, left the Gazette to his sons. In 1752 the title Gazette de France was used. Under this designation it appeared until August 24, 1848. During the five days which followed that date it was sus- pended ; on the 13th it was resumed as Le Peuple Francais, Journal de I'Appel a la Nation, and again modified on the 14th September to L'Etoile de la France, Jour- nal des Droits de Tous. On the 25th Octo- ber it became Gazette de France, Journal de I'Appel a la Nation ; and under this title it still continues to appear. A com- plete set extends to upwards of 300 volumes, of which 189 are in quarto and the rest in folio. It scarcely need be added that such a set forms a collection of great value, not only for the history of France, but for that of Europe generally. Beginning of Periodical Journalism in France, Germany and England. We owe the literary journal to France, where it soon at- tained to a degree of importance unapproached in any other country. The first idea may be traced to the Bureau d'Adresse of Theophraste Renaudot, giving the proceedings of his ih liin , f flcJ.Mii'jn.'Jauo)', (.1 im " I'll, f o r Com ' rr I'j 1. of FISST EITGI-ISH NEWSPAPER STAND. Located in the midclle of the court in fro of the old Royal Kxchang-e. London, whei Nathaniel Butler wold his papers. conferences upon literary and scientific matters (1633-42). About the year 1663 Mezeray obtained a privilege for a regular literary periodical, which came to nothing, and it was left to Denis de Sallo, counsellor of the parliament of Paris and a man of rare merit and learning, to actually carry the project into effect. The first number of the Journal des Savants ap- peared on January 5, 1665, under the assumed name of the Sieur d'Hedouville. The prospectus promised to give an account of ^ the chief books published throughout '"' " 1^ Europe, obituary notices, a review of i the progress of science, besides legal -'■''■''"»''• ' and ecclesiastical information and other matters of interest to cultivated persons. The criticisms, however, wounded alike authors and the clergy, and the journal was suppressed after a career extending over only three months. Colbert, seeing the public utility of such a periodical, ordered the Abbe Gallois, a contributor of De Sallo's, to re-establish it, an event which took place on 4th January, 1666. It lingered nine years under the new editor, who was replaced in 1675 by the Abbe de la Roque, and the latter in his turn was succeeded by the president Cousin in 1686. From 1701 commenced a new era for the Journal, which was then acquired by the Chancellor de Pont- chartrain for the state and placed under the direction of a commission of learned men. Just before the Rev- olution it developed fresh activity, but the troubles of 1792 caused it to be discontinued until 1796, when it again failed to appear after twelve numbers had been issued. In 1816 it was definitely re-established and re- placed under Government patronage, remaining subject to the chancellor or garde-des-sceauz until 1857, when it was trans- ferred to the control of the minister of public instruction. The present organization much resembles that of an academy. The members of the commission are elected, approved of by the min- ister, and divided into assistants and authors, the latter furnish- ing at least three articles per annum at a fixed and modest rate of payment. All communications are dis- cussed at fortnightly conferences. Louis Auguste de Bourbon, sovereign prince of Dombes, having transferred his parliament to Trevoux, set up a printing press, and was persuaded by two Jesuits, Michel le Tellier and Philippe Lalleman, to establish the Memoires pour servir a I'His- toire des Sciences et des Arts (1701-67), more familiarly known as the Journal de Trevoux, long the best informed and best written journal in France. One feature of its career was its constant appeal for the literary assistance of outsiders. It was continued in a more popular style as Journal des Sciences et des Beaux-Arts (1768-75) by the Abbe Aubert and by the brothers Castilhon (1776-78), and as Journal de Litterature, des Sciences, et des Arts (1779-82) by the Abbe Grosier. The first legal periodical was the Journal du Palais (1672) of Blondeau and Gueret, and the first devoted to medicine the Nouvelles Decouvertes dans toutes les Parties de la Medecine (1P79) of Nicolas de Blegny, frequently spoken of as a charla- tan, a term which sometimes means simply a man of many ideas. 25 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST 1 den Religious periodicals date from 1680 and the Journal Ecclesi- astique of the Abbe de la Roque. The prototype of the historico- literary periodical may be discovered in La Clef du Cabinet des Princes de I'Europe (1704-6), familiarly known as Journal de Verdun, and carried on under various titles down to 1794. Germany. The earliest trace of the lit- erary journal in Germany is to be found in the Erbauliche Monatsunterredungen (1663) of the poet Johann Rist, and in the Miscellanea c u r i o s a medico-physica (1670-1704) of the Academia naturae curi- osorum Leopoldina-Carolina, the first scientific annual, unit- ing the features of the Journal des Savants and of the Phil- osophical Transactions. D. G. Morhof, the author of the well-known "Polyhistor," conceived the idea of a month- ly serial to be devoted to the history of modern books and learning, which came to nothing. While professor of morals at Leipsic, Otto Mencke planned the Acta Eruditorum, with a view to make known, by means of analyses, extracts and reviews, the new works produced throughout Europe. In 1680 he traveled in England and Holland in order to obtain literary assistance and the first number ap- peared in 1682, under the title of Acta Eruditorum Lipsiensium, and, like its successors, was written in Latin. Among the contributors to subsequent numbers were Leibnitz, Seckendorf and Cellarius. A vol- ume came out each year, with sup- plements. After editing about 30 volumes Mencke died, leaving the publication to his son, and the Acta remained in the possession of the family down to 1745, when they ex- tended to 117 volumes, which form an extremely valuable history of the learning of the period. A selection of the dissertations and articles was published at Venice in 7 vols. 4to, 1740. The Acta soon had imitators. The Ephemerdes Litterariae (1686) came out at Hamburg, in Latin and French. The Nova Litteraria maris Bathici et Septentrionis (1698- 1708) was more especially devoted to north Germany and the univer- sities of Kiel, Rostock and Dorpat. Supplementary to the preceding was the Nova Litteraria Germaniae col- lecta Hamburgi (1703-9), which from 1707 widened its field of view to the whole of Europe. At Leipsic was produced the Teutsche Acta Eruditorum (1712), an excellent periodical, edited by J. G. Rabener VEBKOSrEN tOOKINa AT PROOFS OP ANTWERP NEWS 1605. Tijdinghen uyt vele Qttartieren, i5j6. ^'.jsi. September! 6) it!^n tierdaet uprljjttmmit liiitl)EJ.narfhSf'«f l^^^- cUini.ttoce Sepbe O'SJocW^ !©coiBaibe3iaflai»Ma<5cfrc mtt(cnftetc= fle*Mjl)tt alllier sluemneli / eiibe gifteren l»ocr||bp tieprerl$(Ut Waleltepi aiibiintie bllc|).tbt/enbt baer im mtt Cljut «oUen cube ttepcren oyte 'jjoctlt sljcreben* JiEea fepi Ctnir ;Siacen ttetfi bcmacelcureert / hbiibc met camen / |]ct IQacc ban auafbtirrtg eerfl teebccom lb booigaetibe ttant g0((tclt/ enbc hirmcil ban tcactecrbe/Ulaeropbc •CallegiacI baefl VnaJi iMsfKl'V:"""' ».•>'>'" r\'«' ©fOi' famenbalniactlrgenoettl glte|}nbr; «£etli(JertOBh jtfopoloutf / J^U^cH Jiiteu- btttfltl'lnertagtl Mugiiltu^ iot ;&ulit)ot[) rfl aEiurtnibecaD'ltlerbEn metten et ritcn olllter berloacOt / Htt rchpatbiitbtfc bat\\ rtocH tocl Kruttitlnligtlbueceaniotllte / biatuuaube jcbeni' hiccbti licbendjimiricti oytdicinQcfiii stttartcett VVfOvcrlantden >y.fer(Drltc3DcIt JTOaerffflolfl* Con- 3,it*banfwp bolfii Utttaetigefpjo* talleetibcatQbt, VVt Lcipfighdch IS. dito. iOttoble gtcne ^tittfinet bilebtn aenoc.! iiomta^pnfiji banbeil uomach bai)^lf>c:< ben.niflteiiielbEn/ aUtcnetleeftmcn lonficc malic bat ritl) Set Kalleel ©olgaO met He coojt OeefiobcvgeQebcn/ tube itl etp Jicpfee* Ii^bc iCiopipctier upt Jpomctcn ttier Debt gficyaftcert/titrracll /bat bit 3. Rcnimenteit Mcpler^o boltft bte U^otgaft optfftlen foubrn/ qualicU foubcn flfrractccri inefen/ cnbefitn on[)ec<0actj begt)£bent)tbbctl / allnaecbc JJcft onbec be ftepfetrtfje feet giarettt/toaer Dicpci) enbt gcbaugenjlln ; ^ocb De;Siirael' Ibnbrtfl (DC tnelche av tuiec mQIen naer ant SoftachfjebbtatjtlteCMl^) gtobfin blip^be. 9t Ciinminatiiil ^ffa u< tlujiDin nact cwninOtMiH' PBONT PAOE OP AN EARI.Y HOLLAND NEWSPAPER. of Europe. The US in Antwerp, -whicli at that time was in n read Holland-Uutch can easily translate ne leading commercial cities anfl capitals of the above, in circulation in Holland 283 , is owned by Mr. Charles Capehart 26 vele Quartieren. THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST The Beginnings of American Journalism By CHARLES CAPEHART I T seems strange that although our college professors and men of science can tell us much about the civil- ization of the Egyptians, Assyrians and Baby- lonians, their knowledge of America's first settlers, the Red Men, is meager. Here in our land, where we issue 26,000 out of the 62,000 newspapers and periodicals published in the whole world, where there are more schools and colleges, more libraries and institutions of learning and more printing machinery is manu- factured, we have still much to learn concerning our country's aborigines. With all our great- ness we can still boast of our cave dwelling tribes (the Cliff Dwellers of the West) and their stone-age customs. It is said that less than one hundred years ago over 700 different languages or dialects were spoken among the Indian tribes of North and South America. Only a few of the most learned of our linguists can speak or write even one of these tongues. Our scientists have a good excuse for not knowing more about the aborigines of the Western Hemisphere, namely, that, aside from the excava- tions of a few old cities that have been buried under the sands of time for centuries, this branch of the human race left little to mark their prog- ress in any degree of industry. We know practically nothing of their literature and art of writing, but in order to give a faint idea of their ability to write reports of current events we reproduced a facsimile of a "North American Indian Gazette," just as it appeared in the old Family Magazine, published in New York in 1835. Gazett and they signify that 18 tin up the hatchet, or declared war. in favor of the by the hatchet placed over the arms of France, real, .represented by the bird just taking nd the buclc sho the arrived at being to the Here they la: ■by the circumstance to which they \'r\uT o'rintv. 9 Tho heads the battle and the position of the heads of the arrows, all painting o What It Contained. Thomas, in his "History of Printing in America," said that a French officer had se- cured the copy long before our revolutionary war with England. It relates to an expedi- tion of Canadian warriors, who, soon after the settlement of this part of America, took up the hatchet against a hostile tribe who were allied with the English, and is a curious and interesting specimen of descriptive and imaginative writing. The Indians wrote in pictures on skins and other smooth objects. If we judge the age of our American Indian race by comparing their hieroglyphic writing with that of the ancient Egyptians, we might boast that ours is one of the oldest nations on the globe, for the Egyptian writings are more modern and far more intelligible. s near the hab: tward of then: wait three dai 6. After which thev The man portrays this fact and the twelve figures that the or 120. and the brolien roof of the hut that thev broke into that manner. 7. They killed with the club eleven of thei by the club and the eleven heads, and took five prisoner doleful figures on the little pedestals. 8. They lost nine c the action, represented by the nine heads within the bow. which is the efmbl ' ' ■ .n natives: but they had none taken prisoners attach great honor), as shown 'by the pedest; of the arrows, pointing opposite ways, repres* contending parties, io. The enemy fled: 1 le way, signify .their flight. We now come to the time when our forefathers began to publish newspapers and plant the seeds of liberty — seeds which ripened into the tree of American independence. "Seventy years after the landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth Rock and two hundred and Seventy Six years after the invention of printing, a newspaper was issued in that colony," says Hudson's History of Jour- nalism issued in 1872 by Harper Brothers. It lived one day, and one copy only is known to have been pre- served. That specimen sheet — ^that great curiosity in news- paper literature — is in the Colonial State Paper Office in London. The historian of Salem, the Rev. J. B. Felt, in his re- searches for facts connected with that ancient commercial town, discovered the copy of the "Original newspaper" in the State Paper Office. Till then it was believed that the News-Letter, issued fourteen years later, was the first ga- zette printed on this side of the Atlantic, The pioneer of American journalism was pubhshed by Benjamin Harris at the London Coffee-House, and was printed for him by Richard Pierce on Thursday, the 25th of September, 1690, nearly two centuries after Co- lumbus discovered this continent. This newspaper was printed on three pages of a folded sheet, leaving one page blank, with two columns to a page, and each page about eleven inches by seven in size. It was intended by its enter- prising projector as a monthly, which, in his "jour- nalistic" dreams, might do to start with in that progressive town. We give the editor's prospectus, which is a model in its way. It exhibits a com- prehensiveness, common in the early days of newspapers, that must be charming and refresh- ing to many journalists of the more modern era. This chronicle seems to have had no name, but it is not unlikely that the intention of the proprietor was to have it called Pubhck Occurrences. That appears prominent in his public announcement. The imprint of the paper, according to Hudson, was as follows : "Boston. Printed by R. Pierce for Benjamin Harris, at the London Coffee-House. 1690." Killed by the Authorities. "This specimen number attracted especial official notice. and THE INDIAH' aAZETTH. Extraordinary" consists of the following figures [latic signs cut out upon bark, and was divided into ten different com- ■nts or hieroglyphical paragraphs: 1. Bach of the 18 figures represents mber 10, and appears to be sojnewhat like our 10. only that instead of it being before the cypher it runs thiottg-li it. There are eighte American Indians took French: which is represented 2. They departed from Mont- from the top ' time to have been in the first quarter of the 3. They went by water, signified by the I as they raise to pass the night in. shows r passage. 4. They went ashore and traveled bv the foot and the seven huts. 5. They tions of their enemies, as shown by the sun beginning (as they think) its daily course, represented by the hand pointing and by while asleep. ?e 12 times 10. habitations in nies. indicated shown by the 27 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST Editor Harris had touched upon local and military matters. It was frowned upon at once by the authorities, and killed outright within twenty-four hours." In alluding to this fact, Bucking- ham, in his Reminiscence, says : Immediately on its publication it was noticed by the legislative authorities. Four days after, they spoke of it as a pamphlet; stated that it came out contrary to law, and contained "reflections of a very high nature." They strictly forbade "anything in print, with- out license first obtained from those appointed by the Government to grant the same." This nipped Harris's enterprise in the bud, and no other ef- fort was made to establish a paper in America till 1704. This effort of Harris in Boston forms an epoch in itself in the history of newspapers in America. It was the beginning. In 1692, when Benjamin Fletcher, who had faith in types and printing-ink, became Governor of New York, feeling a little jealous of the progress of Massachusetts and Pennsylvania in the typographical art, induced William Bradford, of Philadel- phia, to migrate to that State and set up a printing office in New York City, and in 1696 he had the London Gazette, which contained an account of an engagement with the French previous to the gen- eral peace of Ryswick, re- printed and circulated in that city. There was, we believe, only one issue. Of course the reprint had no local news. Its contents embraced merely the events in Europe. It was not intended for an American newspaper. It was issued to give a piece of important news to the people toward the close of a great war which the Gov- ernor could not keep to him- self. But the fact indicated the necessity of newspapers. Nearly fourteen years elapsed after Harris's Occur- rences, and eight years after Bradford's republication, be- fore another attempt was made to give the news of the day to the American people in printed sheets ! Meanwhile the newspapers of England ar- rived from time to time, feed- ing the public mind with news from home, and creating a de- sire for such an institution in the colonies. It was impossible for every one to get copies of mn.b. 1 f ubltrk lotlj jDrrign aiih Snmpatirk Inston. SIjurBBaa. ^evi- 2511j, 1690. 3t is iirsignri that tljr (Enittttrij aliall bt fnrntBlrpii mte a tnntttl) (nr if atiii (61ut of ®rturrriicrB Ijajtiirn nftrnrr) uiitl| an Arrount of sttrl; rotiBibprablp tljlngs as Ijauf arriupli uttto am Sfottce. Jit orbrr IjcKunto, tljr Publialjj'r will take uiljat ;iatna Ijr ran to obtain a iffaitljful Irlatinn of all anrlj tilings ; anft mill jiartirularhi make Ijimarlf brljnliirn to anrlj l^trsaixs in loaton roljom Ift knoma to Ijau? bppn for tljpir ouin nst tljp iiiligrnt ©bspnirrs of aurlf mattpra. ulliat luljirl) ia IjprPin prafmsti. is, 3Firat, Slfat ilrmontblp ©rrurrpnta of Bioinp f rouiJipnrp maif not br nrglpttpJ) or forgottrn. aa tljrg too oftpn arr. ^pronlilg, iilljat iipn^ilp pvtpryiuljrrp matt brttpr unripratatiii tlfp OlirntmBtanrra of fitbliqnp Affaira. bntlj abroad anJi at liomp; mljirl) matj not ouh( iiirptt tlipir uHiougljta at all timpa, but at somp timPB alao to aaaiat tljrir Inainpaa anii Jfrgotiationa. SJljiriilg. ®liat aomp tiling mag br Jionp touiarria tlip Qluring. or at Iraat tljp (Eljarming of tljat g-jiirit of Hging, niljirlt prevails among us. mlfprrforr notljing aljall bp rntprpli, hut luljat mp Ijaup rpaaon to bplipup ia trup. rppairing to tljp hpat fountaina for our information. Anli mljrn tl|prr ajiprara ang matprial miatakr in anjjtljing tljat ia rollrrtpli, it aljall bp rorrprtpii in tl|P np.xt. iEorrnnpr, tljp 5Iublial)rr of tljpap (©rrurrrnrpa ia milling to rngagp, tljat mliPrraa, thprp arr mamj 3Falap Srjiorta, malirioualg malir. anb epnah among ua, if ang mpll minapb ^ipraon mill hp at tljp jiaiiia to trarp ang aurli falap iSpvinrt, ao far aa to finli out anil (Honuirt tlfp jFirat Kaiapr of it. Ijr mill in tljia f aprr (unlraa Jnat Atiuirp bp giupu to tljp rontrarg) p.'sviobp tl)p Namp of anrlj pM'aon, aa A ilaliriona SaiBPr of a 3Falap iSpgort. 3t ia auppnapii tljat noup mill Jiialikp tljia f rogoaal, but anrli aa intrnft to bp guiltg of ao uillanoua a fflrimr. CONTENTS OP FIRST PAGE OP AMERICA'S PIRST NEWSPAPER. "The Order of the Gospel Professed and Practised by the Churches of Christ in New England Justified." Shortly after, a pamphlet appeared under the title of "Gospel Order Revived," being an answer to a book lately set forth by the Rev. Mr. In- crease Mather, President of Harvard College, etc., by sundry Ministers of the Gospel in New England. It was remarkable for its calm and candid spirit. Yet it could not be printed in Boston. It was issued in New York with this advertisement : "The Reader is desired to take Notice, that the Press in Boston is so much under the awe of the Reverend Author whom we answer, and his Friends, that we could not obtain of the Printer there to Print the following Sheets, which is the only true Reason why we have sent the Copy so far for its Impression, and where it is Printed with some Difficulty." The printer in Boston, according to historian Hudson, was Bartholomew Green. "It was necessary for him to vindicate himself, and this he did in a handbill which appeared in Decem- ber, 1700, with some remarks prefaced by Cotton Mathew. This led to a paper war in pamphlets and handbills, which materially aided in breaking the sanctity and inviolability of the controlling classes, and leading, in the course of time, to the establishment of news- papers in the colonies." The postmasters were the newsmen of that day. They were the ones that "told you so." They supplied their friends and patrons with the news, as the news-letter writers of Rome and Venice did in their time, and as But- ters and Renaudot did in Eng- land and France prior to the establishment of newspapers in those countries. They used the Pen instead of the Press. John Campbell's Enterprise. John Campbell, in virtue of his office as Postmaster of Boston, was the news-vender of Massachusetts Bay, and in- deed, all of New England on the opening of the eighteenth century. It soon became evi- dent to him, from experience, that the time had come for the establishment of a newspaper as a better mode of circulating "publick intelligence" than written news circulars, so laborious to prepare and te- dious to multiply, and the the few London publications sent across the Atlantic, and the contents of those received had to be retailed in coffee-houses and on the streets. Written news circulars were also used to disseminate the latest intelligence. The Colonial Press. Now and then there was an exhibition of independent opin- ion, a premonition of what was coming, but the repressive acts of the public authorities did not permit this to proceed far, or become in any way chronic. The few newspapers pub- lished in this epoch were, therefore, as a general thing, mere chroniclers of bald facts that did not affect the Government. Society, too, was puritanical, and under these circumstances the T.ress could not be free and unfettered. An incident that hap- pened on the eve of this period will illustrate this point. Increase Mather, in March, 1700, published a treatise called necessity was too apparent to be overlooked by a man of ordinary spirit and energy. After fourteen years of deprivation, the tastes and opinions of the public had sufficiently ripened for the authorities to tolerate and authorize the enterprise, under great restrictions, however, such as prevailed in England a century before, and the newspaper was accordingly started, which became from that time a permanent institution in the country. Approaching this important event, we find, in the "Proceed- ings of the Massachusetts Historical Society of 1866-67," nine of Campbell's news-letters, or circulars, which had been written to Governor Fitz John Winthrop, of Connecticut, beginning in April and ending in October, 1703, the last one only six months prior to the issue of his newspaper. The first of the nine was dated Boston, April 12, 1703, and contained about four para- graphs, totaling about three hundred words, 28 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST TfieBoftoiiNrWivLeton i)ubUst)tti bp € From ^onOap April 17. to -,ont)ap AprU 24. 1704. --■ J^^ wilier ), llr_vM Un *«/i>*' l' " ' Fe^h He tiic^iic uke« KXicc <^ icttcn set (uv^ % ^>p<>c> ■™1 iinficd to ■ llf comr l&Her fram Sc. Orrmmm: Out ihcWrraicA Jicobae*. wfco wBI not erarrf.c C •J.inj Ae Oafc. to Hct M.- now w.rMihc P«piA> asd ibor Compani* Si. c>.">4«' fn up lur tbe Ldnrf ol fh« MitwT il iheu own Priaciplcs kut ram- - ... ; pl.Cn « Ike N«!o». H. J*. ,.,7 .hot U>.or. wh«h *= P.-.)* ( refuf^ng, (o ■•>» iWm nd *i lb tlic* <• - '- 1^ f;c-it>Wj obflna Experienced as a news correspondent and with the ma- chinery of the Boston post-office in his hands for the distribu- tion of his paper, John Campbell, on Monday, the 24th of April, 1704, issued the initial number of the Boston News-Letter. It was an event in Boston. Its ap- pearance was a feature of that period. There was a visible sen- sation. The first sheet of the first number was taken damp from the press by Chief Justice Sewall to show to President Willard, of Harvard University, as a won- derful curiosity in the colony. When this occurred, the popula- tion of Boston was only eight thousand. The Boston News-Letter. The News-Letter was printed sometimes on a single sheet, foolscap size, and oftener on a half sheet, with two columns on each side. No subscription price was mentioned. It was "printed by authority," and the following was the prospectus, advertise- ment as Campbell called it, as it appeared in the first number: ADVERTISEMENT This News-Letter is to be contin- ued Weekly; and all Persons who have any Houses, Lands, Tenements, Farms, Ships, Vessels, Goods, Wares or Merchandizes, &c., to be Sold, or Let ; or Servants Run-away, or Goods Stole or Lost, may have the same inserted at a Reasonable Rate, from Twelve Pence to Five Shil- lings, and not to exceed: Who may agree with John Campbell^ Post- master of Boston. All Persons in Town and Country may have said News-Letter every Week, Yearly, upon reasonable terms, agreeing with John Campbell, Post-Master for the same. There were no useless words in this announcement. There were no great promises of what the publisher intended to do, as we now often see. It is practical and to the purpose. No advertisement was to be inserted cost- ing over five shillings for its insertion! John Campbell thus burst upon the world as the father of the American press. The News-Letter, in spite of its vicissi- tudes and troubles, lived seventy-two years. There is a complete file of it, the only one in ex- istence, in the collec- tion of the New York Historical So- ciety. The first effort at reporting in this country was made for the News-Letter shortly after it was established. Six pi- rates were executed on Charles River on Friday, June 30, 1704. In describing the scene, the "exhorta- tions to the malefactors," and the prayer made by one of the ministers, after the pirates were on the scaffold, "as near as it could be taken in writing in the great crowd," filled nearly one- half of the paper. In 1719, according to Hudson, Campbell was removed from the post-office and William Brooker was appointed postmaster of Boston. On the 21st of December of that year the new postmaster, in accordance with the custom inaugurated by his predecessor, began the publi- cation of a paper, the Boston Ga- zette, the second newspaper in America, the father of the in- numerable Gazettes issued from that day to this throughout the land. It was the name of the first paper printed in France, as well as in Venice and Nurem- berg. Some hold that the name comes from the Italian word gazza or gazzara, which means a magpie, a chatterer, a gossip, and not from the small piece of money called gazzetta. The Postmasters' Organ. The Gazette became the post- masters' organ. It was owned and conducted by no less than five between the years 1719 and 1739, and for the heirs of the last postmaster till 1841, when it was merged with the New Eng- land Weekly Journal. The Ga- zette, when owned by Brooker, was printed by James Franklin. When it passed into the hands of Philip Musgrave the printing was taken away from Franklin and given to Samuel Kneeland^ who afterward owned the estab- lishment. pnj Pto*«flju« 6«bjc. bu^' life (he imbwioo, kori &•»«- i Tie hn Qpee, _ e--^ j- - .^... * c.^iw....(. 4v m» RIimJ when ^ *« 9**^ V BW*'"t •d"** 31 thein peair lo capreh'Wortt lo* I cos u.ooo wncn wo "« .? j r * , r. t,~A -. J .u^ .I.,.:-!.!, I .™ t„ro the Weft*/ SatUnd mto « t^iaticB Field, . I— t a Wert ij^^t M ii titet, in toe J*nmn i k- a Priocc bfcijfiip in the Iwrtu) Sehtnlof Ingr; :e]e, Petfrcation' and Ctadtr, and 6.ed aril _a,e and Envy. tTbe Jtailut, he 6j»^ both i A>a!aai aod at &i GtrWMimi, ate Mopiiiapt tind. 'in«, aad knowing the* circaii belnach ^mtt than they : theE. peetnt Stni, and knowing : Uoi He^ddt. That the fntb King kno b, jVooee .iea»!V"r *" l»°*" » ""ri"."" UoiletU Mnoatchtl «>d 0> ru«e the F#t«ant Tufee trf- Ci"" IS"'", «e "l" " •" ^»"bil«r ^1^^ i , id ihTh. lko«ld be perf-»!ed that ibc DeGgn ,a«ild nufcam in the eh*, en be can- not b«t reap fame . Aihaniaje bjr imkoilan the From all thi« the Authoe co«elod* . G«"«tno.et.t »J1 onlr allow it, W cncoaiagc «, foce the Nai>- jppOT.aa.en. M «lv allow igbi an t i_the_Pffaic«. THE SECOND fllWRBICAN NEWSPAPEB. JSTumb. 425 THE Ncw-Yo.rk Gazetce? 7io\v.I)iibcr 3. Pirli wioli Dif[.Kchr!lr<.i" ^Uf M<\nif rrinci-. ,iii3 ;oo('»JVjjr^-air'-. l.\C-SIMIl,L Ol- lltADlNG OF HRST NEW.SPAPtR IN NKW YORK THE FIRST NEW TOBK NEWSPAPER. First Philadelphia Paper. The day after the issue of the first number of the Gazette the third newspaper in the colonies was established in Philadelphia. Its title was the American Weekly Mercury, and its birthday was the 22d of December, 1719. This paper was "Printed and sold by Andrew Bradford, at the Bible, in the Second Street, and John Copson, in the High Street, 1719-20." Bradford was the postmaster of Philadelphia. He was a son of William Bradford, who opened the first printing office in the colonies outside of New England. The Mercury, like the News - Letter, had soon to compete with a Franklin. It had also its troubles with the authorities. On the 21st of Feb- ruary the editor and publisher was sum- moned before the Provincial Council. He was discharged . _ - .^j^j.^ ^ reprimand, and a warning never to publish anything more relative to the affairs of any of the colonies, after explaining that the offending paragraph "was written and inserted by a journeyman without his knowledge," . .__ .... ... ^ Sf l^ere If WtntJ fnougl to blo^' outldouSIt WilchOndlo itnifl rjiTe'4o, 5;o or 60 Hog!>fiid« of' Water 1"*^ ,^'""') aji(J continues iliii intU.iullj ii» >/l' hy Ujw «t« N"^i..5 29 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST Afterward he had to pass through a severer ordeal "Benjamin Franklin had written a series of essays over the signature of Busy Body, for the Mercury,' according to Hudson, "and in one of them, near an annual election, the fol- lowing remarks were made: In 1733 Bartholomew Green died, and the paper passed into the hands of his son-in-law, John Draper, who continued to maintain its semi-religious character. It was then the custom for men to make stays. There were inimitable Banks then as there is the inimitable Worth that governs the fashionable world To the friends of liberty, fi and public spirit are absolutely requ and this quality, so essential and nece to a noble mind, proceeds from a just f mind ised the of :ipally for the :iety. donal Romans, proved their virtue, and made them pro- lectors of mankind. This principle, accord- ing to the motto of these papers, animated the Romans — Cato and his followers — and it was impossible to be thought great or good without being a patriot; and none could pretend to courage, gallantry, and greatness of mind, without being first of all possessed with a public spirit and love of their coun- "y- . This simple matter produced such an effect on the Governor and Council that they ordered Bradford to be ar- rested, committed to prison and bound over to the court. But Bradford showed some pluck on this occasion and the matter ended there. It is prob- able that Franklin infused some of the boldness manifested in the IMercury at this time. Andrew Bradford died on the 24th of November, 1742. The Mercury was suspended a week after his death, and its column rules, on its reappearance, were inverted for six weeks. His widow conducted the paper after her husband's decease. THE FRANKLINS APPEAR. But the era of journalism, with a character a little above that of merely publishing the news of the week with sensation, now commenced. On the 7th of August, 1721, the Franklins dawned upon the world and be- came famous. On that day James Franklin, having lost the printing of the Gazette, issued a paper which he called the New England Courant. It was the fourth newspaper on this continent. The appearance of the Courant was the saddest blow John Campbell received. It brought out a few sparks of originality and vitality, and then the father of the American Press abdicated, and subsided into a justice of the peace. But Campbell had a few last words before Ihe surrendered the News-Lctter to Bartholomeiw Green. On the issue of the Courant, it was evident Frank- lin intended to make it a readable paper. Speaking of the News-Letter in his first number, he asserted that it was "a dull vehicle of intelligence." This was considered so severe by Campbell that it com- pletely aroused the old editor, and a broadside, in answer, in Latin and English, appeared in the News- Letter on the 14th of August, 1721. Very few copies of the Courant are in existence; none of those containing Franklin's articles on the News-Letter. But it is believed that Franklin had the best of the controversy. CAMPBELL GIVES WAV TO GREEN. After a few weeks the contest between the Courant and Campbell ended, and the News-Letter passed into the hands of Bartholomew Green, in accordance with the subjoined announcement, which was pub- lished on the 31st of December. 1721: day the 31st Currant, Bartholomew Green the Printer thereof for these IS Years past, having had Experience of his Practice therein; intends (Life permitted) to carry on the same, (using his Method on the Arrival of Vessels from Great Britain, etc., to give a Summary of the most Re- markable Occurrences of Europe, and afterwards the Thread of the News), provided he can have due Encouragement by competent Numbers taking it bv the Year, so as to enable him to defray the necessary Charges. And all those who have a Mind (either in Town or Country) to l-*romote and Encourage the continuation of the abovesaid Intelligence, are hereby desired to Agree with the said Green, either by word or writing, who may have it on reasonable Terms, lett at any House in Town, Sealed or Unsealed. The last, on earth, of John Campbell, is thus mod- estly announced in the News-Letter of March 7, 1728: The Univerffil Tnjifu&or in all Arts and Sciences : AND Permfylvania Gazette. To be contint!'.ed V/'ecldy. FORD, The Gazette was carried on by Brad- ford till 1742. In January, 1743, the name was changed to New York Ga- zette or Weekly Post-Boy, and pub- lished by James Parker. The Post-Boy was a new paper, and only connected with the Gazette for the use of its name, and by the purchase of the ma- terial of that office. In proof of this, the name of the paper was changed in January, 1747, to that of the New York Gazette, Revived in the Weekly Post- Boy. As this occurred several years prior to the death of Bradford, it was un- doubtedly done by arrangement with him. There were only two printing of- fices in New York at that time, accord- ing to Professor Kalm, who described the city in a letter written in 1748. 'There are two printers in the town,' said Kalm, 'and every week some ga- zettes, in English, are published, which contain news from all parts of the world.' "The Post-Boy," according to Hud- son, "had the support of what was called the opposition party. It became involved in a difficulty with the Episcopal Church, which it severely attacked. It died shortly afterward. Its proprietor was a partner of Franklin's, who had spread himself over the colonies with his type and presses. One printing office was started in South Carolina, others in dif- ferent provinces and that of James Parker in New York." THE RHODE ISLAND GAZETTE. On the 27th of iSeptember, 1732, the Rhode Island Gazette was issued in Newport, the first in that State. It was printed on a half-sheet of cap paper, by James Franklin. After his failure in Boston, in consequence of the persecu- tions of the authorities, he thought, as Roger Williams did, that he would leave the original Puritans and try the atmosphere and people of Rhode Island for more freedom of mind and con- science; but he was soon discouraged, partly from ill-health, for only twelve numbers are known to have been pub- lished. The Gazette did not survive three months, and Franklin died in 1735. The Gazette contained no advertise- ments. There were no opera houses, theaters, steamship lines and there was very little local news. Newport was not a fashionable watering place, as it is in this fast and elegant age. It promised then to be the commercial emporium of the Western World. It could boast of its foreign commerce, and bid fair to be more than a rival to New York, in consequence of possessing one of the finest harbors on the North At- lantic coast. There was no idea then of simply being wealthy in magnificent summer residences and having its splen- did bay merely the summer rendezvous of the New York yacht squadron. THE SOUTHERN PRESS. On the 8th of January, 1731, the South Carolina Gazette was published in Charleston by Thomas Whitemarsh. It was printed on a half sheet for about a year, and died with its proprietor. In February, 1734, it reappeared in name, and was published for several years by Lewis Timothy. The first paper in Virginia made its debut in Willamsburg in 1736 — a rare old town, the society of which has been graphically described by Wirt in his Life of Patrick Henry. This news- paper was the Virginia Gazette, and printed by William Parks, sometimes on other paper appeared in the colonies. Then William Bradford, grandson of the one who printed the Gazette in New Y'ork, issued the Pennsylvania Journal and Weekly Advertiser in 1742. Bradford was father of Wilham Brad- ford, who was Attorney-General of the United States in 1794-5. This Bradford family, like the Franklins, had news- paper on the brain, as much so as De Foe had in the earlier part of the cen- tury in Scotland. ■fhe Journal was established at an im- portant era in American journalism — A GBOVF OP PAMOUS PBENCH WBITERS. half a sheet of foolscap, and sometimes on a whole sheet It was continued till Park's death, in 1750, and during that time was under the influence of the Governor. After the death of Parks the Gazette was revived under new auspices, and issued in February, 1751, as the Virginia uazette, with the fresh- est advices, Foreign and Domestic. The new paper was printed on a crown sheet, and had a cut of the arms of Virginia incorporated with the title. It bore this imprint : Williamsburg: Printed by Wm. Hunter, at the Post Office, by whom persons may be sup- plied with this paper. Advertisements oi a moderate length for Three shillings for the first week, and Two shillings each week after. With Hunter's death in 1761 the Ga- zette was enlarged, and published by Joseph Royle. On his demise it was conducted by Purdie and Dixon till the Revolution. It was managed by Purdie during the war. NOTABLE NEWSPAPER FAMILIES. Nearly ten years elapsed before an- shortly before the passage of the famous Stamp Act. It was devoted to the interests of the colonies, and was a strong advocate of freedom from Eng- land. On the 31st of October, the day before the Stamp Act was to take ef- fect, the pages of the Journal were in- closed in black lines, with a picture of a skull and cross-bones over the title, and with these words printed beneath : "Expiring: In Hopes of a Resurrec- tion to Life Again." On the border of the first page was printed, "Adieu, Adieu, to the Liberty of the Press." On the last column of the third page were the words, "Farewell, Liberty." THE MARYLAND GAZETTE. Another family of printers made their mark in the ranks of journalism during this interesting epoch. One of the Greens, famous in New England as far back in the annals of time as 1649, re- vived the Maryland Gazette, the origi- nal of which closed its career under Parks in 1736. It was revived in 1745 33 under the proprietorship of Jonas Green, who had, for many years pre- viously, a printing office in Annapolis. The Gazette, thus re-established, con- tinued with the exception of a brief sus- pension in 1765, in consequence of the odious Stamp Act, under the same name, and was published weekly by Mr. Green and his descendants until the year 1839, nearly a century, when, while in the hands of Jonas Green, the great- grandson of the original proprietor, it was discontinued, and the St. Mary's Gazette took its place. Any one can see a copy of this century newspaper in the Maryland State Library. Its origi- nal shape was quarto. The Gazette was printed on the same press throughout its long Ccireer. On October 30, 18-18, the St. Mary's Ga- zette said: But few of our readers are aware, -we expect, that the press upon which our little sheet is printed, is the oldest now in use in the United States, and probably in the world. Yet such is the fact. The press now used by us has been in almost constant service for more than a hundred years. Upon it was printed tiie Maryland Gazette, the earliest paper published in the province of Maryland, and one among the very first in America. Upon it also was printed the first volume of the laws of Mary- land that ever appeared. It is constructed somewhat on the Ramage principle, and re- quires three pulls, though two were originally sufficient to produce a good impression. It is truly a venerable object. THE NEW YORK EVENING POST. The next in order of time, and the last in this epoch, was the New York Evening Post. Henry de Forrest is- sued the initial number in 1746. This paper lived about a year only. Two newspapers, printed in German, appeared in Pennsylvania during this period. One was published by Sower, in Germantown, in 1789, and the other by Ambruster, in Philadelphia, in 1743. Ihe German newspaper literature of the country has since increased to one hun- dred and forty-two superior journals printed in that language, some of which have daily circulations, like the Staats Zeitung, of New York. They are now a political and literary power in the United States. This closes the colonial period of newspapers. They were imperfect and incomplete from a journalistic, as the colonies were from a national point of view. Only here and there, as in the case of Franklin and Fleet in Boston, of na oaners. These wc-rc <>iion over to ^Tr. Bennet. in the Courier office, who "-ould translate the news from them. TbronrrlT the Cadi/ packeu. whifTi ran regularly to Havana, news from Europe 39 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST would thus sometimes reach America before it arrived at New York by the old London, Havre and Liverpool ships. In this way the Courier would tre- quently score beats over its less enter- prising contemporaries. WiUington's news-boat arrangement, we believe, embraced nearly the whole scope and extent of the enterprise ol the Courier, but it was useftil and instru- mental in building up that establish- ""wiien the American Citizen denounced 'karon Burr for his desertion of the Democratic party, the latter s friends in lRn-2 established in New \ ork the Morning Chronicle, to neutralize the at- tacks of Cheatham. It was edited by Dr Peter Irving, a man of much literary ability and erudition, but not equal, as a political journalist, to his opponent. Washington Irving first made his ap- pearance in the Morning Chronicle of New York as a writer over the signa- ture of Jonathan Oldstyle, as Charles Dickens did in the Morning Chronicle, of London, over the signature of Boz With the Chronicle Burr was a saint. The old Manhattan Bank entered the arena against Burr, and, in the heat of this remarkable political contest, the bank .managers refused to re-elect as director Colonel John Swartwout. one of Burr's personal and political friends, and elected Brockholst Livingston in his stead. During the political contro- versy that was precipitated during the campaign, DeWitt Clinton called Swart- wout "a liar, a scoundrel, and a villain." Swartwout iminediately de- manded an apology, or a recantation of this offensive language. Mr. Clinton re- plied by saying that Swartwout had charged him with selfish and unworthv motives in his opposition to Burr, and that the epithets he had used were simplv a strong denial of that charge; if Colonel S. would withdraw his charge, Mr. Clinton would take back what he had said, and not otherwise. THE CLINTON-SWARTWOUT DUEL. This led to a duel. Five .shots were exchanged during which Swartwout was twice wounded. Clinton, whn wss shooting at a man against whom he en- tertained no personal enmity, then re- fused to fight longer and immediately left the field. . . ^ . The Chronicle continued to be pub- lished until the summer of 180-5 when it wa=; merged in the Poughkeepsie Jour- nal edited by Isaac Mitchell. The .Mbany Register wa? edited by John Barber, assisted bv his brother- in-law, Solomon Southwick. The latter became the chief editor of the Register in 1808. The paoer continued to be the organ of the Clintonians and endeav- ored to bring about the nomination of Vice-President Georcre Clinton, instead of Madison, for the Presidency, in ISOfl. It was the opening of the quarrel with the Richmond Junta, or Virginia Dvnasty. which helped defeat UeWitt Clinton in 1813. southwick's influence. Southwick. who was now a journalist of commanding influence in the Demo- cratic party in New York, like many edi- tors of that and later periods, was an office-seeker. In 1800 he was appointed sheriff of the city and county of Al- banv. In 1811 he was president of the Mechanics' Bank of Albanv. He was also printer to the State. In opposing the election of Governor Tompkins he created an opposition which led to the establishment of the Argus. He was then charged with corruption in connec- tion with the organization of a monster bank in New York, called the Bank ^f America. Although acquitted his in- fluence was shattered. The Argus was the organ of Judge Snencer, who bad separated from the Clinton section of the nartv. New edi- torial talent was introduced in the Reg- ister in 181P. Nathaniel H. Carter, of New Hampshire, now assumed, in part, fhe editorial management of that paper. T-^ 1820 he took entire charge and charged the name to that pf the New York Statesman. AN IMPORTANT LIBEL CASE. Current events in journalism and politics were so peculiarly interwoven that it is difficult to enumerate them seriatim. Sometimes we are compelled to run ahead chronologically and then return to prior incidents and occur- rences. Thus an important event from a newspaper point of view happened early in 1804, when the Hudson Balance, a leading Federal paper, edited by Harry Croswell, assailed Mr. Jefferson with great vigor and violence. The attack was so severe that Croswell was in- dicted by the grand jury of Columbus County for libel. The case came before Chief Justice Lewis in the .Superior Court. Alexander 9, 1804, by Ritchie and Worsley. Its editor was Thomas Ritchie, the senior proprietor, who became well known in the course of time as "Father" Ritchie, and wielded considerable influence in the political circles of the country. The Examiner for several years previously had been the leading Republican paper of Richmond, It had been edited by Merewether Jones, who was afterward succeeded by Skelton Jones. The latter, with W. W. Worsley as business part- ner, published the paper for several years. The plant was then purchased by Thos. Ritchie and Worsley, and the En- quirer, with five hundred subscribers, was i.ssUL-il in its place. When Iht' I':ii'|uircr was started Jef- Pibtsbui AZ.l:XAITDEB N. ROOK. S Dispatch. Hamilton, Richard Harrison and Wm. ferson was President, and the paper, N. Van Ness, who was afterwards like the old Virginia Gazette at Will- Burr's second when Hamilton was shot, iamsburg, was established under his appeared for the journalist. Attorney auspices as a part of the plan of the General Spencer and Lawyer Caines for organization of the Democratic party, the prosecution. On the trial Croswell The Enquirer was the organ of the Vir- offered to prove the truth of the charges ginia Democracy and looked upon Vir- of the alleged libel. ginia as the only nursery in the country The court declared that the only ques- for statesmen and Presidents. Because tion for the jury to decide was whether the State bad furnished Washington, or not the allej:ed libel had been pub- Jefferson, Madison and Monroe the En- lished by the defendant, Croswell, and quirer pooh-poohed the name of Andrew that the question of libel or no libel was Jackson when it was suggested by Aaron to be determined by the court alone. Burr in 1817. Ritchie violently opposed It is said that Alexander Hamilton's the old hero in the contest of 1824, as- effort at this trial eclipsed that of An- serting that his election "would be a drew Hamilton of 17.35. In one case curse upon our country." Ritchie filled Andrew Hamilton obtained a great the same niche in the mind of Jackson triumph for the freedom of the press that Frencau, of the National Gazette, in the early part of the 18th century, did in the mind of Washington. In the other case Alexander Hamilton distinguished contributor. by showing with wonderful eloquence , , .. , -n and power that the maxim "greater the Among the contributors to the En- truth, greater the libel," was of modern quirer was William Wirt, who wrote date in England; that it was at war ^c.er the nora de plume of The Bnt- with the genius of the civil institutions 'sh Spy for the K"<:hmo"d Argus, m of this country, and that it was an out- 1802, and of The Old Bachelor in the rage on human rights, common justice Richmond Enquirer, in 1812 It was and common sense, produced a profound sometime after this period that Wirt impression on the public mind. It af- hecame 'the Anti-JMasonic candidate for fected the Legislature. The subject was the Presidency, The Enqmrer did its .„i,.„ „„ „f *t„ „o..f o„„,-„n , W,\\ was share toward the defeat of Van Buren s taken up at the next session, a bill introdiiced and the matter thoroughly ventilated in the sessions of 1804-.5. In the session of 1805 the bill au- thorizing the truth to be given in evi- dence when the matter, written or printed, was published "with good motives and for justifiable ends," be- came a law. It constituted the jury in Ithis, as in all other criminal cashes. 're-nomination for the 'Presidency 1844. In May, 1845, Ritchie left the En- quirer, after forty-one years of service, and went to Washington to take the chief editorial management of the Union, the ofiicial organ of President Polk. Just before his retirement from the ,th,s, as in au otner oriminai cases, j^^ -^^^ ;„ 1343 (^o sons, William F. judges of the law and of the fact. The ^J Thomas Ritchie, Jr., had been as- law of hbel was then placed on a surer ^^^j^j^^, j,^ ^^^ management of the and fairer foundation, and the principle thus enunciated was afterwards incor- porated in the constitutions of 1821, 1845 and 1865, and became a funda- mental law of the State. THE RICHMOND ENQUIRER. The Richmond Enquirer was first paper. On the departure .of his father for the National Capita], William F. Riitchie became its editor. At this time an influential Whip paper was printed in Richmond, called the Whig. It was founded by John H. Pleasants in 1826, who was one of its ed as a small semi-\veekly sheet May chief writers and managers. While the 40 Enquirer was the organ of the Democ- racy, the Whig was the oracle of the opposition. The two papers were con- tinually fighting each other in their edi- torial columns. On one occasion, how- ever, words ended in blows. No affair in the early annals of jour- nalism exceeded the desperate personal conflict which took place in Richmond, on February 23, 1846, between Thomas Ritchie, Jr., and Pleasants. They met in a field, armed with swords and pis- tols. They approached each other, fir- ing as they advanced. On coming to- gether they drew their swords. Then a savage passage of arms took place. Pleasants received four pistol-shot wounds and one gash from Ritchie's sword, and died two days after the frightful combat. Ritchie was slightly wounded, was arrested, tried and ac- quitted. He died in May, 1854. THE NEW HAMPSHIRE PATRIOT. The New Hampshire Patriot, which had been as politically influential and well-known in New England as the Richmond Enquirer was in -the South, was established in October, 1808, under the title of the American Patriot, by William Hoit. Under the management of Isaac Hill, it attained a large circulation through- nut New England. The old Federal families and their heirs opposed the paper in every way, but as it was heart- ily supported by the Democracy, its progress and popularity were great. Mr. Hills' political friends showed their con- fidence in him by subscribing for his paper and electing him to the State Senate, in spite of a tremendous oppo- sition. There is an interesting story con- nected with the political life of Mr. Hill that was firmly believed by his friends to be historically correct. It is to the effect that he started the war against the United States Bank. The president of the United States Branch Bank at Portsmouth, N. H., was Jere- miah Mason, an old Federalist, and a man of fearless independence. Mason regarded Hill and his friends as little better than so many hungry wild beasts, and treated them on all occasions with the utmost contempt and indifference. In revenge Hill requested Mr. Biddle to remove Mason from the Portsmouth Branch, but this he refused to do. The result is well-known. General Jackson engaged in the attack on the bank with all the violence and animosity which characterized his conflicts with his per- sonal enemies on the frontiers of civili- zation, and his party followed his ex- ample. They were opposed by the Whigs, who fought as valliantly as themselves. A bill Ire-chartering the bank passed both Houses of Congress in the summer of 1832, and was vetoed by General Jackson. The excitement was intense. Many leading supporters of Jackson abandoned him — among them, James Watson Webb, of the New York Courier and Enquirer — and be- came his bitterest opponent; but the President was sustained by the people, and the bank was put out of business. editor hill elected governor. After a service of five years in the Senate, Mr. Hill was, in 1836, elected Governor of New Hampshire. ."Xfter being itwice re-elected, he retired to private life. In 1840 he returned to pubHc service by accepting the office of sub-treasurer at Boston, from President Van Buren. He died in Washington in 1851, in his sixty-third year. The war of 1812-15, between England and the United States, arrayed the news- papers of that period in strong antago- nism to each other and the parties they represented. "Free Trade and Sailor's Rights" became the motto of all those in favor of the war. Those who op- posed it were in sympathy with the views expressed at the Hartford con- vention. The popular sentiment of New England was against the war. In other places sentiment was divided. In Bal- timore, for instance, the feeling be- came so intense as to lead to serious riots. The Pemocratic organs in Albany be^ THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST came powerful instrumen-ts in the hands of the politicians in carrying out their schemes. The Federalists saw this and the necessity of greater activity on their part was apparent. With this object in view they induced Henry Croswell, of the Hudson Balance, to move to Albany. In 1812 another partisan sheet, called the Albany Renublican, was issued in Albany by Judge Spencer and his friends. It afterward became known as "the Brown Republican.' It was estab- lished in opposition to the Register, and to counteract the impressions made by the articles of Southwick. The later po- litical name of "Black Republican" was given to the present Republican Party as one of reproach, just before the Re- bellion, by Major Heiss, of the Wash- ington Union, and George N. Sanders, who took the idea from the French. "If the Republicans of France are red," said Sanders, "ours must be black." BIRTH OF THE ALBANY PRESS. The Albany Argus, which, for nearly half a century was one of the newspa- per triumvirate of the Democratic Partv. first appeared on the 26th of January. 1813. The leaders in Albany, dissatisfied with the course of the Reg- ister, especially in re.gard to the election of Governor Tompkins, issued the Ar- gus in opposition to Southwick. and made Tesse Buel, previously of the Ul- ster Plebeian, its ostensible editor. The Argus at once received the pat- ronage of the National Government, and in two years its editor was chosen State printer. Since then the State printing has been the favorite bone of the poli- ticians to throw to the Cerebus of the press to snap at and pick while they are engaged in their operations. In 1821 Buel. having acquired a com- petenc" from the profits of the State printing, disposed of the establishment to Moses J. Cantine, a brother-in-law of Martin Van Buren, and Isaac Q. Leake. The new firm were made State print- ers. In March, 1823. Catine died. The Argus, which had been issued hitherto as a sem'-weekly. was publish- ed as a dailv on October 8, 1824. Week- ly and semi-weekly editions were also printed. FIGHT FOR STATE PRINTING. William H. Seward was elected Gov- ernor in 1838. Then the Hard Cider campaign came on, and in 1840 William Henry Harrison was elected President. With this political revolution the Argus lost the State printing, which fell into the hands of Thurlow Weed, of the Al- bany Evening Journal, another remark- able political newspaper of that day. Weed was, thereupon dubbed "the State barber" by the New York Herald. He kept "the slate" for Governor Seward, and all office-seekers looked upon him as the power behind the throne. A bill was passed canceling the office of State printer. Seward vetoed it. but the bill passed nevertheless. Subsequently the law was repealed. In the meantime Croswell had ad- mitted a partner into the Argus estab-, lishment named Van Dyck. of Orange County. When the question came up^ whose name should be used as candi- date for State printer by the Democratic, members. Van Dyck demanded that his name be inserted alone, declaring: "I will be sole State printer, with the en^ tire control of the press, or nothing" Edwin and Sherman Croswell owned three-fourths, and Van Dyck only one- fourth of the Argus. The Croswells_en-j deavored to get him to change his mind.| but as the junior would have the whole| or none he retired from the Argus. Ed- win Croswell was then elected State printer, receiving a majority of _ 26 votes in legislative caucus over William C. Bryant, of the New York_ Evening Post, and a majority of 56 in joint bal- lot over Horace Greeley, of the New York Tribune. A PROFITLESS CONTRACT. The conflict between the two factions increased in intensity and interest till 1846, when another struggle for the pat- ronage of the State took place. Silas Wright was at that time Governor. The Democratic legislative causus seleffted William Cassid". of the Atlas, for State as such, demanded a part of the State printer. This movement was defeated printing. When it was proposed to by the passage of a law giving the pub- make him sheriff, objections were raised lication of the legal notices to the paper against him because he was a Jew, on that would publish them at the lowest the ground that it would not be right rate. Croswell ofi^ered to publish them for a Jew to hang a Christian. "Pretty without cost to the State. Thus the At- Christians," replied Noah, "to require las was defeated, and the Argus obtain- hanging at all." ed the honor without the profit, and it Thomas Snowden, afterwards pub- held on to this position till 1854, when lisher of the Courier and Enquirer, was the printing, with full pay, was restored then placed in charge of the mechanical to Thurlow Weed and the Evening and business part of the Advocate as Journal. nominal owner, and James Gordon Ben- The Argus received the appointment nett was installed as editor. Mr. Ben- in 1869, when the contract with the Eve- nett managed the paper for two years, ning Journal expired. but on the approach of the next presi- The Albany Advertiser, Colonel W. dential campaign, Eckford, having made L. Stone's old journal, was edited in up his imind to support the re-election 1838 by James Gordon Brooks until he of John Quincy Adams, to which Mr got into trouble with the Van Rensse- Bennett was opposed, he retired in 1827, and Samuel S. Conant. of Ver- ~^" ^ mont, purchased an interest in the con- cern with Snowden, and assumed the editorial management of the paper. He continued in that capacity for some time after the Advocate and Statesman was united as one paper, under the name of the Morning Herald. Noah, who was a true Israelite, in 1825 originated a magnificent scheme fof bringing together the scattered tribes of Israel and forming a settlement of them on Grand Island. He believed that the Indians were the descendants of the lost tribes, and he proposed founding a city on that island as a nucleus for the ingathering of the Hebrew people and the aborigines of America. The peculiar characteristics of the Red Men, their features, hair, customs, laws, religious ceremonies and tribal organizations im-. laers, the owners of the paper, and then pressed him with the belief that they resigned came from the Jewish race. ADVOCATE AND ENQUIRER. NOAH'S NATIONAL ADVOCATE. There seemed to have been a neces- . When Noah quarreled with Eckford 1826 he started a paper of his own hich he called the National Advocate. sity for a new organ for the Democratic party in New York City after the death ■ ■ . c i. c ^i • of Cheetham and the Citizen and the Wien enjomed from the use of this National Advocate was established in '"le 5' the instance of Eckford and 1813. It was first edited by Henry Snowden, he changed its name to Noah s Wheaton who became, in after years, a New York National Advocate. Again distinguished diplomat and publicist as enjoined he renamed his journal the our Minister to Denmark and Prussia, ^ew \ ork Enquirer. This paper wa. and as the author of "Elements of In ternational Law merged with the Morning Courier spring of 1829. Noah remained with „,, , .. „£ Du„.i» this publication until 18.32. Other mem- Wheaton was a native of Rhode ,^^^/^j ^^^ ^. -^ ^ ^ Is and and was educated a lawyer. Watson Webb, James Lawson, James After he graduated he visited Europe ' ■' -" where he remained from 1802 to 1806, the golden period of Napoleon's career, a close student of the important events of those days. On his return he prac- tised law for a time in Providence, but finally gave ur> the law to become the editor of the National Advocate in New York Citv. Mr. Wheaton's long residence abroad had given him peculiar opportunities for understandinti- the controversies of the day. Several tonics of international law were discussed in the columns of the Advocate with an abilitv which fore- shadowed his future eminence in this department. As a journalist Mr. Whe?- ton enjoved the confidence of the ad- ministration, and his cnlumns iverp sometimes the vehicle of semi-official exposition of its policy. In 1815 he retired from the editorship of the Advocate on being appointed one of the justices of the Marine Court of One of thi New York, a tribunal of limited juns- a diction, and now shorn of much of its Gordon Bennett, Prosper M. Wetmore former power, but which has been pre- and James Gordon Brooks. ;sided over b" some of the mn=t eminent The Enquirer introduced a new fea- :men at the New York bar. His exreri- ture in journalism in 1827. In that year jence as editor o'' the Advorate at that James Gordon Bennett was sent to loeculiar juncture in "nr historv. ^nd Washington as its correspondent. Mr. as a rer^orter of the United States Su- Bennett inaugurated a new system of VICTOB HUG-O, doiTLinant French writers of former generation. for 'Umber of -vear laid the foundation of that knr and experience which he embodi»d in his irre^t ?nd valuable work on Inter- national Law. MORDECAI NOAH APPEARS. Wheaton was succeeded in the edi- torial management of the Advocate bv newspaper correspondence, and m March, 1827, brought forward Martin Van Buren for the first time as the candidate for the Presidency to succeed General Jackson. One of the incidents peculiar to the editorial profession of that period oc' curred in 1828. William Graham, one Mordecai Manasseh Noah, who had °} 'he writers for the Enquirer, wrote been editor in 1810 of the O'tv Ga- in Charleston. S. C. In 1823 No=h claimed to be the onlv Democratic edi- tor in New York, entirelv ignoring the American, edited by Charles King, an-' sketches of society in New York for that paper under the signature of "Howard." In one of these essays he made what was supposed to be a per- sonal allusion to the family of Edward Livingston. The matter was taken up by Dr. Barton, who was afterwards Secretary of Legation at Paris. One 'day he ran across Graham at Niblo's coffee house, then on the corner of Pine and William streets, and told him what he thought of him. Thereupon Graham struck Dr. Barton, who im- mediately challenged him to a duel. The challenge was accepted. A FAMOUS nUEL. William Newman, a compositor on the Enquirer, engaged a Whitehall boat which conveyed the principals to the dueling grounds at Hoboken, where they met and Graham was instantly killed. This affair created a good deal of ex- citement and led to the enactment by 'the Legislature of New York of a strong anti-dueling law, the chief points of which were ten years' imprisonment in the States prison for fighting and seven years for sending a challenge. Noah in 18.34. in company with a printer named Gill, established the New York Evening Star. It became a Whig organ and supported Williaml Henry Harrison for the Presidency in 1840. In 1841 Noah was appointed one of the judges of the Court of Sessions by Gov- ernor Seward, and Avhile on the bench he prosecuted his old associate. Mir. Bennett, of the Herald, for libel, one of the reporters of that paper having been too free in his sketches of the proceedings of that court, especially in his personal descrpitions. For some time Major Noah was editor of the New York Sun and of the Morning Star. In 1843 he com- menced the publication of a paper which he named Noah's Weekly Messenger. Shortly afterward it was consolidated with the Sunday Times. Noah was a prolific writer and contributed to sev- eral at the same time. He died March 22, 1851, at the asje of 66, while editing the Times and Messenger. THE RELIGIOUS PRESS. A few years ago there was consider- able controversy as to the origin of religious newspapers. Who first con- ceived the idea and published the first one? Morse, of the New York Obser- ver, and Willis, of the Boston Recorder, claimed the honor. It was finally agreed that Nathaniel Willis was the O'rin-inal publisher, and Morse the original editor of the Boston Recorder and the father of "A Religious Journal," first published in Tanuarv, 1816. The Watchman and Reflector was es- tablished in Boston in 1819, and is, therefore, now nearly a century old. The New York Observer was the third or fourth religious newsnaper is- sued in' the United 'States. After Sid- ney E. Morse left the Recorder he went to New Y'ork. where, with his elder brother. Richard C. Morse, he started the Observer in 1820. They were sons of the Rev. Jedediah Morse, D.D., of Charlestown. Mass., author of the At- las, from which the children of the first part of the nineteenth centurv acquired a knowledge of the geo,graphv of the world. They were brothers of Profes- sor Samuel F. B. Morse, of artistic and telegraohic fame. The Methodists, having felt 'the ne- cessity of having an organ, established Zion's Herald, in Boston, with the Rev. Dr. Adam Wilson, as editor. Dr. Wil- son died in Waterville, Me., in 1871. The Christian Register, one of the oracles of the Unitarians, was brought out in 1821. The Christian Intelligencer, the organ of the Dutch Reformed Church in New York, was first issued in 1830. The Evangelist, published in New York by Henry T. Field, is eighty-one years old. The original idea of its pub- lication was to establish an educational, temperance and anti-slavery organ in the metropolis ; or, in its own words, "expressly to promote revivals and mis- sions, temperance and other reforms." Joshua Leavitt was then its chief editor. LAUNCHING OF INDEPENDENT. The Independent was started sixty- two years ago as an organ of the Con, 41 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST gregationalists. Several merchants, in- cluding S, B. Cliitlenden, S. B. and J. Hunt, and Bowen and McNamee, fur- nished the means for its organization. Originally it was edited by the Rev. Drs. the benefit of his church and people. Hall, with the National Advocate, sup- Several efforts have been made to es- ported William H. Crawford. It was tablish dailv religious newspapers. The this action that severed the connection New York World was originally started between the American and the Demo- as such. The early owners of the Sun cratic party. The American was thence- had it in mind to turn it into a religious forth a Whig and National Republican newspaper. paper. On Feb. 16, 1845, it was united Soon the religious press became well with the Courier and Enquirer, established, it entered the political arena The American was distinguished for and aided the cause of the Republican ies neatness, t^iste. elegance and dignity, party, and fought for the abolition of Its short editorial paragraphs were al- slavery with all its gigantic moral ways well-pointed and epigrammatic, power. The New York Albion, an organ of Another class of religious papers is English opinion, was established on the represented by the Youth's Companion, 22d of June, 1822. Its originator was which was established in 182C, by Na- Dr. John S. Bartlett, and Daniel Fan- el Willis. They are devoted to the shaw was the printer. It acquired an opponent. The Louisville editors were continually exchanging shots either wilh the pen or pistol — the former often leading to the latter. There are nu- merous instances of these personal en- Storrs, Bacon and Thompson. On their retirement the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher became its editor. When he re- tired, Joshua Leavitt, Oliver Johnson and Theodore Tilton, in their turn, as- sumed editorial charge of the paper. The early papers we have mentioned are only a small portion of the religious press of the country. Since 1814-16, when ithc two Recorder.'; made their ap- pearance, the number has rapidly in- creased. They represent every sect and denomination. Some have had long and glorious careers, while others, like hun- dreds of secular papers, have lasted nnlv for a day. At present there are 1-007 religions newspapers published in the United States and Canada. The Catholic, Episcopalian, Metho- dist, Jewish. Mornion, Spiritualist, Swedenborgian paners are numerous, able and influential, and have thousands of readers and believers. Of the Catho- lic publications the Shamrock was the first. Then came the Truth Teller, in New York, in 1820 or 1830, issued by William Denman. Archbishop Hughes states that the lirst really Catholic paper was the Catholic Aliscellany. founded in Charleston, by Bishop England. BEBNABD SHA'W. When the jMetropolitan Record was established as -the organ of the Catholic Church in New York, it was the cus- tom of Archbishp Hughes to dictate an article or a sermon to its editor for years later Judge Bouvier moved to Uniontown where he consolidated his paper with the Genius of Liberty, and continued its publication under the firm of Bouvier & Austin. It was too early fo influential position, and was highly es- teemed by the English residents. "IPeter Simple," "Midshipman Easy," and "Ja- phet in Search of His Father" were first introduced to the American public nke'd f^^ough the columns of the Albion. This was at a t.me when these novels, republished by the Harpers and others, were considered too expensive for gen- eral circulation. After Dr. Bartlett had successfully managed the Albion for many years, he sold the establishr -ecKiy newspaper ^^ ^^y;,,;^^^ y^^^^ y^^^ g jg4g ^fter- lelegraph. i'our ^^^.^ -^ ^^^^^^ ^^^^ j,^^ ^^^^^^ ^j ^y ^ entertainment and the moral instruction lit children, and also give items of tcrcstins news. REPRESENTATIVE NEWSPAPERS. Among the ornaments of the profes- sion of Judge John Bnuvier. He was born in the south of l*"rance. but became a citi- zen of the United States in 1812. On his arrival he onened a printing office in Brownsville, Pa., and in 1814 began ^ ■ ,,^^ ^^,^, ^^^ establishment the publication of a weekly newspjiper ^^ w;ili3,,-n ^ called th. ' Morrell and later became the property of Kinahan Cornwallis. PROVIDENCE JOURNAL AT SO. ^ It is not often that an editor lives to independent press and so the see the golden anniversai ' of the jour- new paper was "conducted on the prin- nal he ushered into existence. Such a ciples of pure democracy." distinction belongs to William E. Rich- The independence of the press was mond who founded the Providence talked about in 1816. Judge Bouvier. Journal, published a brief sketch of the in the Telegraph, on the 29th of May of ea.rly career of that paper in its issue that year, published an article on the of January 3. 18^0, which completed its subiect fiftieth year on that day. The most valuable newspaper in its The Journal, on its semi-centennial, day according to our view, was Nile's published a facsimile of the first page Weekly Register, which was established of the first issue. It contained a pro- in Baltimore Sept 7 1811 by spectus under the head of Proposals, Hezekiah Nile's, an editor 'of the 'Salti- and f '^l',^'"^ article of several columns more Evening Post. William Ogden entitled Introductorv Observations. It Niles 'became associated with his father «as then called the ]\4anufacturers and in 1827. When the elder Niles retired Farmers Journal _ and Providence and in ISRfi it was conducted by the son Pawtucket Advertiser. Its device was a till 1848 when it suspended nublication. JPre?d eagle standing on an anchor The Hartford Times, which has been holding a ."bbon m its beak, on which a leading paper in Connecticut for manv ™s^ inscribed the motto. Encourage vears, deserves a niche in the hall of National Industry. On one side were journalistic fame. It was established as agricultural implements ; on the other a weeklv paner in 1817, and its first daily "jr, = °f ^ =1"P- ^'^ Publishers were issue was brought out in 1839. Its edi- torial corps has given to two administra- tions a i-abinef minister — John M. Niles and Gideon Welles. Its founder and principal nroprietor wa^: Alfred E. Burr. Mr. Niles. vdio had been a printer in the office of the Courant, and a writer of books for bo\-s becai foreman of the Times ii ing this period the naner had bee favor of tbp administrations of T: Monroe. Tobn Quincy .'\dams and An clr"w Jackson. Thomas Hart Benton, so well known in the opposite characters of bitter op- noiient and warm partisan of Andrew Jackson, and as United States Senator from Missouri, edited the St. Louis Enquirer in 1816-17. It was the organ of the dominant party of that period. When choc'=n as one of the first Sena- tos from the new State in 1820. partiv because of the active part he took in I he famous controver'Jv of that exciting time, Benin,, disnosed of the Enquirer. .-Mid for thirtv vears served his State at the national 'canital. In 1824 the En- nuirer passed into the possession of Duff Green : and while Benton was making an effort to get the Missouri Legislature to pass resolutions in favor of T-Tenrv Clav for the nresidency. Green "•.ns organizing the Jackson party in that State. Miller & Hutchen; In 1824 the Indeoendent Inquirer, a weekly paper, which had been started the year before, was transferred to the Journal, and its name changed to the Rhode Island Country Journal, under which name it is still published. On ,-'d;tor"and J"'y ^' '^^''^ **■ '"'^''^ Tournal was 1817. Dur- THE NEW YORK AMERICAN. The New York American, an evening paper, was established bv Ch.irles King, son of Rufus Kin" and Tohnston Ver- nlanclc. in 1810. It was at first a Tammany, or Bucktail paper, and after- "•ard was allied with the Van Bury Weekly Review; Deinocracv in opposition to DeWitt Clinton. Ill 1S23 the American advo- cated John Qnincv ^dams for the presi- dency, while Van Buren and Tammam- arted. and on January 2.'i, 1863. the Even-ng Bulletin first saw the light. The Daily National Gazette was es- f^ tablished in Philadelphia hi 1820, taking the name of Freneau's well-known pa per, which existed in that city in the lat- ter part of the eighteenth century. It was published by Robert Walsh and William Frv. It ceased to exist on Jan- uary 1. 1842. In New York there were no dailv na- pers west of Albany until 1826, when the Rochester Da'lv .Advertiser was es- tablished on October 25. ADVENT OF THE TELEGRAPH. A paper called the Telegraph, edited hv Tohn M. Muniford. was launched in New York in 1826, but gave up the ghost soon afterward wh"n its editor went to Europe. When Mumford de- turned he started the Standard, whirh for a time was the oro-i„ of the Jack- son Democracv. In 18.10 ihe New Yo,-k Herald, a naper that had been started nine months previously by .'\lanson Nash who, in personal appearance, was Webster's Dromio. was sold to Mum- ford and united with the Standard. The Louisville Journal, another paper of note, was established in 1831. with George D. Prentice, the noet, as editor. In 1828 he edited the New England The Journal was dis- nguished for its short editorial squibs, which were full of point and wit. The Journal was noted for its satire and abuse. Prentice spared no political counters on record. William E. Hughes, of the Democrat, once sent his card to the editor of the Journal. "Tell Mr. Hughes," said Mr. Prentice, "that I will be down as soon as I load my pistols." PRENTICE FIGHTS A DUEL. In 1858 Reuben Durrett, editor of the Courier, published a paragraph for sev- eral days, strongly insinuating that the conductor of the Journal had fallen from a gangplank under peculiar cir- cumstances. Mr. Prentice stated in his paper that if the paragraph again ap- peared he would hold the editor of the Courier personally responsible. The paragraph appeared. Mr. Prentice call- ed upon Mr. Durrett. They exchanged two shots, and each editor had to be placed under the care of surgeons. Mr. Prentice died in 1870 at the age of sixty-seven years. He was an in- valid during the later years of his life. The Courier and Journal were united in 1868 and for some time have been published under the double name. It is edited by Henry Watterson, and its old reputation for wit and humor "hangs round it still." One of the correspond- ents of the Cincinnati Commercial in 1871 interviewed the new editor. In his story he said ; Going un two flights of stairs. I knocked HAI^I^ CAXSH. at the door of Mr. Henry Watterson's room, and was told to come in. Mr. Watterson is tlie liead and front of the Courier-Journal. He is pai't owner, luanasing^ editor, editor-in- cliief, and all that sort of thing. In short, he 42 is the Courier-Journal. He was bent over a voluminous pile of manuscript, working like a Trojan, for he lives and flourishes by work. I came near saying that he grows fat by work, but this would not be strictly true, as he is lean and slender. In stature he is small, not weighing, I should think, over a hundred BUI>'X'ARD EXFI^INCr Mr, Kipling: stairted his newspaper career in India and occasionally reverts 'to it. and twenty-five pounds. He has the misfor- tune to be entirely blind in one eye, and par- tially so in the other. To see the work that he gets through with in a day, half blind as he is, is enough to make most men with good eyes ashamed. I had an interestin Watterson about the and present, in Louisville. "I cla: done some very hard and ungrateful work," said he. "since I came to Louisville. When I came here I found the press of the city as thoroughly infected with the prevailing malady of Southern journalism as it well could be. It either puffed everybody and everything be- yond reason, or it blackguarded everybody and everything- Each of tlie offices was stocked with the riff-raffs of deadbeats and drunkards." "They were not all deadbeats and drunk- ; they, Mr. Wattei "Oh, Of the eptio T am speak ng f f them i 1 the main It was th time-hor ored habits of most c f thei ; to get dr ink every day There \ as one on the press thf on :he press now 1 ho w s sober all the year 'Who is that? nd." Walter Halde man. He is on e of the best me n in the newspaper bus in ess anywhe re. He deserves a ;real deal from the comn Lo uisville. ind much mo e fro 1 the Demo- cratic party than he has e ver got." What so t ot a set of ourna ists h in ?" I inqi ired. I don t mean the Courier Jour nal parti ularly but all the We have a good s et— an excell ent set. Th unkard or the press o Louis- ville, so fa r as I know. 3ur paper we THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST le and of the Express, and Jesse A. Fell, of mWinE the Daily Whig, stai:ted the Sunday ""the CHARLESTON GAZETTE. Morning Atlas. They were not sup- .t. ,~^ , ,c- r--. r--. r- -» plied With a surplus of industry, and The Charleston (i>. C.) City Gazette believed that they could get out a paper was a paper of some note in the early ^^^^ ^ ^^^^^. without great injury to part of the century E. S. Thomas ^^eir health. The News at this time owned and edited it for a time, ihen ^^^^ selling at six cents a copv. These iMajor M. M. Noah had the manage- (^g disciples of Faust calculated that ment of its columns. This was m 1810. jf they could publish a paper at three After Noah it was conducted by Will- ^ents they would obtain a large circu- iam Gilmore Simms, the Southern poet, Jation, and make a lot of money from and author of Guy Rives and other the advertisements they would carry, reputable works in literature. It was Xhe editorials were supplied gratuitous- the iirst journal in South Carolina that )y for a week or two by Samuel J. Burr opposed the principle of nulHfication, (one of the editors of the Daily Whig), The Old Colonv Memorial celebrated Worthington G. Snethen (formerly of its fiftieth anniversary May 2. 1872. On John Gibson's True American, of New the 10th of December, 1822, seven Orleans), and Frederick West, who is- months after the commencement of its sued the first penny paper in Philadel- publication, John Adams thus alluded phia, called the Transcript, which was to the paper in a letter to Elkanah Wat- afterwards merged with the Pubhc son : Ledger. ^I hope you received the Old Colony Me- The Sunday Visitor was Started in ""j'^^'-j? j"''i;"''wmV T'tT™,?' i;=n,?!'r°i,' 18.39. Its name was changed to the and edited by William Ihomas, t-squire — a c' j ax lom t3 ■ j paper which deserves to he read and encour- Sunday Mercury in 1840. Faige and aged by all America. . Nichols were the brains of this estab- Among other writers for the Memorial Hshment. was Daniel Webster. Adams no doubt j.,rs.j. penny Sunday paper. was a contributor. The first penny Sunday paper was THE FIRST SUNDAY PAPERS. The Packet. John M. Moore, who There were no Sunday papers prior seemed to revel in cheap papers and to 182.5. One hundred years after the low-priced advertisements, was the first newspaper was started in New originator. It did not live long be- York the Sunday Courier was issued in cause it was too cheap and its advertis- that city. Although the Galaxy made ing rate— one cent a line— was too low. its appearance in religious Boston on Thaddeus W. Meighan, an industrious Sundav mornings as earlv as 1834-5, writer, started The Star, the second there was a strong public sentiment penny paper, in January, 1842. Its price against them in the Northern States. was afterwards raised to two cents, but The New York Tribune attempted to 't hved only eighteen months, issue a Sunday edition during the Re- Anderson and Conway^ two actors, bellion. but the remonstrances of sev- bought out the Sunday Globe in 1843. eral of its subscribers stopped its issue It was a star engagement only after the first attempt. It was once a ^ .George Wilk-es then established the Dart of the management of the New Life m New York. No one knew life York Journal of Commerce to have no ■" .^e metropolis more thoroughly than work done in that establishment between Wilkes, but his paper soon kicked the 12 o'clock Saturday night and 12 o'clock bucket, and with Enoch E. Camp, he Sundav night. This was probably the went "-^--^ ^ '^^j ^ati^a Po ice Ga- only daily citv newspaper in the coun- ^?/e- ./"ef pubhcations attracted con- try having such a rule of conduct at the siderable attention and soon had a large '. •' "^ aggregate circulation. 'The first Sunday newspaper that we , .Jhe third Sunday Courier, born in iiic 1..0L ^ J „!,,,,„ ,.,;j „,,c 1845, was edited by Thomas L. Nichols, have anyecord of, as we have said was afterwards known as a "Water-cure the Sunday Courier first issued m 182d. ^^ ^^- ., ^„j ,^^ j^^^^and of Mrs. It was published by Joseph C. Mel- ^J^ ^^^^^ ^_.^^^^^ ^ sensation in New Cher, at the Tontine coffee house on the york at one time by her lectures, corner of Wall and Water streets. New j^;^^^,^ ,^^^ ^^^^ ^ ^/ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ York City. Thomas Snowden, after- jj^^^,^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^.^^^ ^ ,i^^j wards of the National Advocate and jj^^j^ -^ g^^f^,^ ^^„^j ^^^ Buffalo- Courier and Enauirer, was engaged in ^.^^ ^^-^ j^j^^j. ^ -^^^^^ ^^^ ^„_ the enterprise Very curiously it was fortunate, as he got into difficulty and edited by a theological student named ^^^ several libel suits brought against William Hill. jij^ The Telegraph was the next paoer of „,„_!, -c- i-ui? ciiiur.Av -i-imirc this class. It did not long survive its BIRTH OF THE SUNDAY TIMES. Iiirth The Sunday Morning News was The Sunday Times was next estab- the next in order. Samuel Jenks Smith lished by John Dillon and John M. was its publisher and editor. It came Moore. John Hooper, the advertising nut shortly after the cholera panic of agent, was also connected with the 18-32 Tohn Howard Pavne. of "Home, paper. For a time they published a Sweet Home" who had edited a little small evening paper called the Tattler, paper called the Thespian when he was Wdliam J. Snelling. of Boston ^yrote fourteen years old, was associated with for the Times Major M. M. Noah, as g^-ijt], we have already said, united his Weekly HOW DPAPER ANNOYEn BENNETT. Messenger with the Times, and at length Warren Draper, who had been con- became its responsible editor n-cted with the Shipping List and Prices . ^^'i'l^^unday Dispatch made its debut Current, and afterwards started a paper ■" .JS^, with Amor J. W.lhanison and .•ailed the Evening Herald to annoy Wdham Burns, as the publishers and lames Gordon Bennett, edited the News editors. . _ , „ . ... after the retirement of Smith. Charles The fourth Sunday Courier, which M'Lacklin, of the Evenincr Mirror, and ll^^^brought ?"i.'" l^'^^t:^'?! .P"''-l;i'l!!! Georee G. Foster, the "Citv Items" the Tribune, were also writers fc shooting a canvas-back on the Dela- ware, to the capture of a Buffalo on the prairies. "The Tall Son of York," as he was familiarly called, became the most gen- ial of companions, and suffered thereby. W. T. STEAD, One ot the World's best known Jour- nalist who went down on the ill- fated Titanic, but he made the Spirit of the Times an oracle in the sporting world. Owing to some differences that arose. Colonel Porter left the Spirit of the Times in 1853 or 1854, and, in company with George Wilkes, established what was known for some time as Porter's Spirit of the Times, and which continued ta keep up the character of sporting jour- nalism. When Colonel Porter died in 18.58, the paper passed into the hands of Mr. Wilkes. Another paper of this class, the New York Clipper, was started in New York about 1853. The Clipper is a large quarto, handsomely made up and printed. It has the additional title of the Oldest American Sporting and The- atrical Journal, but the Spirit of the Times was more than twenty years its senior. CLASS PUBLICATIONS. Class publications occupy an impor- tant field, and have a special value. Their individual circulations are not large, as by Smith. Adams & Smith: Harry Franco Briggs and John E. Durivage if Russell Jarvis, of the Philadelphia Public Ledger, by whom its day of pub- Other Sunday papers published in- cluded the Sunday Bulletin, Sunday Gal- axy, Sunday Chronicle _ and Sporting ,. ^. , , r c ,i« *., axy, ^unuav v_iiioiiiuic tiuu opuiiiiig hcation was changed from Sunday to ^^^-^^^ Sunday Reflector, Sunday Saturday. Then it died. _ ^t„T.,= ^r F.-tra <;„r„Ia„ Era .S„ndav ier was estab- News. or Extra, Sunday Era, Sunday i^bv John Age and Sunday Leader SIB A. CONAN DOTXiE, One ot the English writers who ha,s had an extensive newspaper experience, have got a lot of young fellows, boys picked up at random, and out of the composing room. They are all sober, and they, together with those at work on other papers in the city, would compare with the employes of any bank fession ir Another Sundav Co lished in 1834. It was Tryon. who afterwards liecame knowt as a reporter on the Express, and as ; writer of notices, bills and advertise ments for the exten.sive circus com nanies and menai^eries Welsh and Colonel Mann , — . . don Bennett owned the Courier at one Porter became widely known through- time and we have read many of his out the country as a judge of horses short and sharp paragraphs in the old and stock of all sorts, riis opinion was filp of that oaper sought by everyone interested m sports. In 1838, two printers, Anson Herrick, from catching a trout with a fly and 43 THE SPORTING PRESS. William T. Porter, a printer in New York, established the Spirit of the Times in 1831. It was the Bell's Life of Amer- f Colonel ica and it was the first weekly sporting Tames Gor- paper published in the United States. HUXnEI. WEBSTEB, Statesman and literateur wliose articles in the daily and 'periodical press were favorites. their readers are necessarily limited to those who have a particular interest in it. Because these papers specialize on different subjects they can give more information on the subjects or what they treat than the general newspaper can. It may be impossible for a daily paper to give within its limited space THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST all lliat might be said upon science, valuable guide to the traveler. It had was edited till 1848 by Jdseph Tinker of the paper. What manner of man he fashion, politics, history, philosophy, a peculiarly plain headline for its title, Buckingham, one of the best known edi- was may be seen in an extract of a let- litcratu're, theaters, art, music, sporting, and was known as the American Trav- tors of New England. He had also tcr he wrote to John Neal, editor of yachting,' inventions, discoveries, relig- cler. Its editor was Royal L. Porter, editorial charge of the New England the Yankee, which appeared in that pa- ion, Uw, poetry, agriculture, trade. The first number was issued on the 1st Galaxy and New England Magazine. In per on the 20th of August, 1828, nearly finance, morals, education. The news of January. 182,''. Another paper had addition to his editorial labors, Mr. two years and a half before the issue events in these' several fields are given been previously published under the Buckingham gave the public and the of the Liberator. This is the extract: but the elaborate and scientific details name of the Stage Register. It was profession his "Reminiscenqes," which i have only to repeal, witl.out vanity, what like the railroad guide of to-daj— hlled ranks with "Thomas's Histor,y of Print- 1 .tleclaied publicly ' with two and three columns of adver- ing" in this country. ^ tisemeiits of stage lines in the United One feature of the Couri States, just as our newspapers are no cijn only be found in the class papers, wihcre each particular interest can learn all that has been developed, the article be'ing frequently illustrated with su- ptrior engravings LAST CENTURY BOSTON PAPERS. was the information it gave to farmers every (and I think lie t, if mv life uere day be l,000 for the arrest of and prosecution of any person who should be detected in the circulation of the Liberator in that State. Several other States adopted the same policy of suppression. The Eman- cipator, issued in New York, was in- The Boston Transcript, the paper for dieted in Alabama, and Governor the tea-table before late dinners became Gayle, of that State, actually sent on a a business and social necessity, was es- requisitirm tri rin\crnnr Marcy, of New tahlished in Jul_v, 18.30, by Dutton and York, for the surrender of R. J. Will- \Ventworth. two excellent printers and iarns, - its iniblisher, Mr. Williams was pleasant gentlemen, who were the State not 'considered a fugitive from justice printers. Mr. Dutton was foreman ol Ijy the Governor of New York. Wells & Lilly's printing office when TSACKERAV. Tames Gordon Bennett was proofreader there in 1819-1820. The Transcript was remarkable for its neat typographical appearance. It was small, always clean in appearance, and was a general favor- ite in the family circle. It was lively, without any large pretensions to enter- prise, always carefully edited, and profitably patronized. The first editor of the Transcript was Lynde _M. Walter^ who died July 24. ' :r. who was act- Walter's illness. BIG PURSE FOR G.XRRISON. The Liberator was managed with great energy and boldness from its com- mencement till the emancipation of the 4.000,000 of slaves in the United States w-as an accomplished fact. The friends of Garrison, in Europe and America, in consideration of his services towards emancipation, sub- scribed $-31,000. which thev present to him in 1868. The Daily sented the third attempt to establish a When the Traveller was issued as a jy-j^j. (^^^^^\\^ m Walter, assumed ed daily paper in the capital of Massa- daily all the papers then published in ^q^;j,i charge of the Transcript chusetts. It was published by William Boston, with the exception of the Mail Beals and Greene as the publishers, and Charles Gordon Greene as editor. It anaged the in^llectaari;p:r;m;nt";f "^^/^-^I!,'-™ ±°f' """^^ P^lSf its editor for a number of years. THE BOSTON LIBERATOR. The Boston Liberator was one of the remarkable papers of its day. All the ds of ears, and was then handed down to the sons of the original proprietors. It is now owned and edited by E. A. Grozier, once one of Joseph Pulitzer's able lieuten- W. Clapp. afterwards of the Saturday and Times, were sixpenny sheets, and t,^^, jg ^\^^ satisfaction of every .^ T^e Post remained in the h Evening Gazette, and was edited by were too respectable to be sold in the Subsequently Epes Sargent was Beals and Greene tor many ye; Horatio Biglow. streets by the newsboys. The Traveller ' ■ ■ "'- ^^-" '— 1-' ^'""'" t" 'l^" Biglow conducted the paper until was started as a two cent paper, and April 6, 1814. wdien he journeyed to was not sold on the streets at first, be- New York and became the editor of the cause of the prevailing dignity of the American Monthly Magr..^ine and Criti- press in the modern .Athens. When cal Review in 1817. Nathan Hale, a General Taylor was nominated for the nephew of "the patriot spy of the Presidency, Daniel Webster did not en- Revolution." after whom he was named, ter the campaign with his usual en- assumed the editorial management- of thusiasm. It was, however, announced the .\dvertiscr. April 7. 1814, Mr. Clapp one day in August, 1848, that it was the continuing as the publisher. Its sub- intention of the constitutional expounder head w-as then Repertory and Daily to have a talk with his neighbors at .|dvertiser. Subsequentlv the Repertory Marshfield on the political issues of the was dropped. ' day. Worthington, the editor of the ' AN E-NTERPRisiNG EDITOR. Traveller, immediately engaged Dr James W. Stone, the stenographer, and started, for that charming and classic spot. Webster delivered his great speech, in which he uttered, in his most the ^rr int™;^;; -p!-!-,-]!.'™^!;"!'- "r"^:,,!'^?^! ' Mr. Hale entered upon his duties with a full appreciation of the responsibilities of an editor. Moreover he was wide awake and full of journalistic enter prise. He stearn power-presses in New England as Walter, of the London Times the first to introduce them in Old Eng land. With William Tudo ■memorable but useless words about the nomination of General Taylor: "It - ..s one not fit to be made. No, my friends. and a f;^ -' «' '° ^- '-'^'=' THE GREAT WEBSTER BEAT. Worthington and Stone returned by express to Boston, and the next morn- ing a complete report of Webster's appeared in an Extra Traveller, cop- ies of which were sold on the streets the ragged and rugged newsboys of The organ of the Whig party in New England, in its days of vigor, was the Boston Atlas, which was established by John H. Eastburn on July 2. 1832. Mr. Eastburn was long and favorably known as the City Printer of Boston. Eastburn imported -Major Haughton, of the Journal of Cnmmerce from New- York at a salary ,.f ?Siin |k-v annum to manaae the editorial 'iiarl of the paper. It was the Atlas thai originally estab- lished horse and railroad expresses to bring to the city the results of the elec- t.'on in the Massachusetts towns for publication on the morning after elec- tion. There were very few railroads then. Eastburn, having the city printing on his hands, disposed of his interest in Atlas the iit occasions. DAHTE. vorld recognized it as the Haueh-! ricd on the estaidishnienl aln continued his ciUcrpi-ise and presses on all THE BOSTON' .IOURNAI-. One of Boston's leading papers is the Boston Daily Journal, which was estab- lished in 1833 by Ford and Damrell. Its editor was John S. Sleeper. It strug- gled along for several }'ears with indif- an of ferent success. Indeed, in 1837. its finan- dthers, Mr. Hale was also one of the founders of the North American Re- view in 181-1. and of the Christian Ex- aminer at a later period. The Advertiser has absorbed a num- ber of newspapers which were promi- nent and influential in their day, as these . .._ . „„ ~~ . pages testify, but it still maintains its Boston for the first time in the city' own individuality. history. The innovation caught the town The Advertiser is now spoken of as and thousands of copies were sold A ____ - -„ - .,_-.,., ,. . , , ,, r^ the "respectable daily" of Boston, and copy was sent especially to the New Abolitionism in the United Slates. It cial condition was such that Mr. Uam- is the organ of Harvard College. It York Herald, which reproduced it. Thus was better known as Garrison's Libera- rell deemed it his duty to withdraw never admits anything offensive to the speech was spread over the Union, tor. Its publication was commenced on from the concern. In 1841 the paper State street or Beacon street or the to the delight of the Democrats and the the first of January. 1S:!1, and for thir- passed into the hands of Sleeper, Dix illiiraination' of old Harvard ' In old disgust of the Taylor Whigs. But Old ty-four years it lulminaled again.st the and Rogers. The new ovvners infused times it never sought an advertisement Zach was elected. institution of slavery m spite of perse- some life and energy into the enterprise, or a subscriber by personal application, About six months ago the Traveller cution, tar and feathers, denunciation which soon began to have its effect in be-ause it regarded such a procedure was consolidated with the Boston rewards for its editor s bead, threatened its financial exhibit and in Hs reading as\mdiBnified Herald. : ■*" assassination, hanging in efllgy, assaults, columns. , ,- There was a paper printed in Boston The Boston Courier, for a long time and mobs, from which the bold editor Captain Sleeper, who was the edi- eighty-eight years ago that was inter- one of the chief Wh^ig pape^rs ^of ^Bos- barely escaped with^ '",\ '',„.;, esting and entertaining. 1--1 ■ -■ - ■> r-- - William tor, wrote a series of sea tales over ad'"'was "'a ton, was' 'establish e'd' ']\Iar'ch 2," 1824. It Lloyd Garrison was the master spirit the signature of "Hawser Martingale," 44 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST THE PUBLIC LEDGER A NATIONAL NEWSPAPER PHILADELPHIA FOR seventy-seven years the Public Ledger has been an institution that could not be supplanted in Philadelphia family life, and to generations of Pennsylvanians, it has been an inspiration; and is stronger today than ever. Since January first the Public Ledger has been vastly im- pro\^ed and expanded. The Editorial and News Staffs are being re-organized, and as the new mechanical facilities now under way permit further expansion, they will be augmented with the strongest journalists and best talent procurable in America. The dominant new features in the enlarged Public Ledger are: C (a.) A broader National appeal; the recognition that America should have one newspaper where the news and life in all sections of the great country should be reported, in a news service that has never before been attempted. C (b.) A more comprehensible treatment than is usually accorded in any newspaper of the farm life of its section, the aspirations and aims of the practical tillers of the soil; of the propagation of civic ideals in City Plan- ning, City Building and the homes of its citizens; of the intimate social and personal life of the community, as well as its commercial, industrial and religious activities; also a mirror of the life of the country adjacent to Philadelphia — in fact, A NATIONAL NEWSPAPER IN ITS LARGEST SENSE, RELIABLE, CONSER^ ATIVE, TRUTHFUL, ACCURATE, COMPREHENSIVE, A JUST INTERPRETER AND A SOUND COUNSELLOR. AMERICAN NEWSPAPER MEN BY WATCHING THE PUBLIC LEDGER WILL SEE THE DE\ELOPMENT OE THE AMERICAN NATIONAL NEWSPAPER. THE PUBLIC LEDGER— A NATIONAL NEWSPAPER PHILADELPHIA • PENNSYLVANIA 45 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST which greatly increased the circulation named John Hampden were imported the city, male or female, that may not be able sailine oackets first annearprf in tinp of the Journal, and added interest to from England, and ran with a small to, say, "Well, I have got a paper of my own „i„S ^^^!^aL.?cJl^.^A.. v"._'"^ ly ni Wil busy doing "grace befon its pages. The Journal has changed fain from Albany to Schenectady over owners many times. Frank A. Munsey the Mohawk & Hudson Railroad. was one of its recent publishers. The Twelve passengers, including Thurlow present owner is Matthew Hale. Weed, who represented the Fress, were pubiic""'«'i'th "oe?! When the Journal was once managed conveyed on this first steam passenger capaci'ty to pJbli: by an association, its chief editor then train. Newspapers till this time had to pall on the appet was Stephen N. Stockwell, who was rely upon the old stages, coadhes and atid'^pi^rpo^^s"^™ connected with the paper for a quarter post riders for the distribution of their iierald. of a century or more. Webster and papers, Choate praised him. Over two years elapsed after the suspension mentioned7 thelecond num Ihere are other papers of talent and opening of the two railroads mentioned tact in Boston. Several are of recent before another road was opened to origin. The Herald has been since the newspapers and traffic. days of the se_date William B. English, -p,,^. j-^^^j j^^^^. ^j ^,,g herald neatly printed on sheets ten by tourteen inches m size. Twelve columns of read- ing matter and four columns of adver- tisements filled this number. The editor introduced the first num- ber with the following unique announce- from 1833. There were small and cheap nient of his purposes and intentions. It papers published in Boston and Phila- was his declaration of independence and delphia before and about that time. The the platform of his journalistic princi- idea came from the Illustrated Penny pies; Magazine, issued in London in 1830. On Tuesday, the 3d of September, James Gordon Bennett Si Co, 1833, the first number of the New York Sun was issued by Benjamin H. Day, a printer. It sold for one cent and continued to sell at that price per copy for thirty years, or till the rebellion ; then the Sun thankfully was doubled in price. mornLg— t'hi Shortly after the appearance of the taking place Sun, the New York Daily Bee was es- t™<:. and opportunity tablished by John Lemuel Kingsley, but ,fo"'"oJ "/ife^ it did not long survive the perils of the patrons to furnish correctly thi early penny press. residences. It will then The New York Transcript came next ^"i^ '^| ' ' ' one of New England's best papers. On March 4, 1872, the Globe was inaugu- rated. BIRTH OF ONE CENT DAILY. NEW YORK NEWSPAPERS. The Penny Press of America dates James Gordon Benn norning the publication of the M Herald, a new daily paper, price $3 pe )r si,x cents per week, advertising at jrdinary rates. It is issued from the publ ng office. No. 20 Wall street, and all as a one cent paper. It made its ap- the present pearance in 1834. and in one year it had much. "We know," ' ■• ' .. ^ . ^ "what we are, but kn Pledges Herald, Its fleet of pilot-boats became known as the Teaser, the Celeste, the Tom Bo.xer, but the Teaser was the famous name in every newspaper office. When the little steamer Sirius crossed the Atlantic and anchored oflf the Bat- tery, in New York Harbor, early on the beautiful morning of April 23, 1838, fol- lowed a few hours after by the Great On the 11th of May, after the short Western, not only New York, but the whole country, was thrown into a delirium of excitement. -Ml the news- papers partook of the popular sensation. It was only equaled by the laying of the Atlantic Cable, in 18G6. The New York Herald was buoyant on the topic. Its editor immediately seized the opportun- ity to enlarge his enterprise. On the 1st of May he left New York, on the return trip of the Sirius, to make ex- tensive arra-gements for correspond- ence from the news centers of Europe. With the increase of steamshio lines the European arrangemeents of the Herald were improved and enlarged, the cele- brated Dionysius Lardner at one time having charge of the bureau in Paris. It was in the spring of 1839 that the Herald undertook to report the pro- ceedings of the religious anniversary meetings annually held in New York City. These large religious societies had met in that city for years, but their doings, so far as the public were con- cerned, were only to be found in their annual reports, printed by the societies, of limited circulation, and which gave the public only the financial exhibit of each. „.. ^...,..p.,o^ „. >„ . r— — >• -' ".- ..V...V. -.. Spreading the leading sermons, necessary to say Street, in the E.xchange, in the police Pr^^ched on Sunday to a few hundreds /ill be issued on Monday suspension necessarily r to give the publishers to arrange the routes of general system of d: CHRISTOFHEB COI^UMBTJS. her of the Morning Herald appeared. The editor then promised to "give a of correct picture of the world — in Wall a circulation as large as that of the Sun On the 24th of July, 1839, the Transcript died, and for a quarter of a century after this Billings Hayward, one of its proprietors, was employed in the com- position rooms of the Herald. There was only one paper that was ever regularly published at a cheaper rate than these pennv papers ; that paper catch the publ; W3C tbp New YnrV 'ritiTPn Tf i^rac tVtp understood on this point, and therefo was tne i\ew lorh i^itizen. it was tne ^i„,,;„ ^j,, s,eei.traps, all principle. office, at the theatre, in the opera, n the churches, before a large audi- says the fair Ophelis ' ta' thS "InUgYten^ed shorT, wherever"hum~'an"nat'ure"and""'reai ^^'^^ °4-, '■'^°",^^"''^' "'^^ ^ P^''' °* *^ actly so current ii, the worW life best displays their freaks and ?'^"-„., "^ "^P ^^^ carried into effect S. Ba jiy as Safety-Fund Notes, or even the U. Bills. We have had an experience of fifteen years in conducting newspaper that score we can not surely fail in knowm] at least how to build up a reputation an( establishment of our own. In debuts of thi kind many talk of principle — political principl party perfectly discia organ of the Citizen's Association, at the called— all' party—'irpoUtVi head of which was Peter Cooper. It shall be good, sound, practical was the object and purpose of this asso- ^fg^'^el' ta'°eve?y.darHfe."we°S \ ciation to reform the abuses of tne pub- no party — be the organ of no facti lie authorities of the metropolis. The coterie, and care nothingfor any eh Citizen was too cheap. It, therefore, had ^"^j no influence. It was used for wrappin- paper. or rather, thrown away. nly guide in 1844, but the reports did not appear till Tuesda.v. Later the Herald of each Monday devoted one and two pages to the important sermons preached on the previous day, not only in New York, but in Boston, Philadelphia, Washing- ton, Cincinnati, and even in Dublin and in London. The next morning these appeared before another audience of half a million — not of Catholics or Con- fretationalists alone, but to an audience THE NEW YORK HERALD. JAMES GORDON BENNETT. SENIOR. With a nominal cash capital of five hundred dollars the New York Herald Avas established, and the independent press inaugurated. But the real capital of the concern was in the brains of its founder. With twelve or fifteen years of active application and close observa- tion in manners, politics and society in New York, Albany and Washington, and in the newspaper offices of the Charles- ton es. C.) Courier, the National Advo- cate, the Sunday Courier, the New York Enquirer, the Morning Courier and En- quirer, the New York Globe and the Pennsylvanian, as reporter, correspond- ent, assistant editor and owner, he was prepared for such a paper as the New York Herald. On Wednesdav ■morning, the 6th of Ma.v, 1835. the initial number of the Morning Herald was issued bv James Gordon Bennett & Co. from the base- ment room of No. 20 Wall street, New York. There were seven large morning pa- pers called "sixpenny sheets," four evening pnners of the s-nme character and price, and four small, cheap papers, known as the "penny nress.'' issued in the metropolis on the list of Mav, 183.5. The Donulation of New York in 183.5 was 270,089. Steamboats, comparatively few in number, were running on several of our rivers, and there were onlv two short railroads, one in New York and the other in South Carolina. It was not ^J] until 1828 that the fir.st locomotive was introduced in this country, and only on $3 a yc' a coal mine track. No other attempt perioti was made till 1831. when a locomotive hJgh'.JJfi. called (he John Bull and an engineer sagacity, didate from p: We shall endeavor to record facts ry public and proper subject, stripped verliiage and coloring, with suitabl. vagaries. On the 12(h of .August, 1835, the of- fice, type, presses, books and papers of the Herald were destroyed by fire. Owing to this calamity, there was a suspension of the publication of the pa- openly per for nineteen days. On the 31st of August it reappeared. It was then called The Herald, On the 17th of August, 1836, (he price of the Herald was raised to two cents, of Jew and Gentile, Episcopalian and Such was the furore of the public for Unitarian, Universalist and Orthodox, the paper at that time that the news- infidel and believer of all shades of boys and news dealers charged two opinions, w'hen cents per copy everywhere. James Gordon Bennett continued his i'^U [ifHlS'Jinls'lL^mcvrit I" November, 1836, a desperate as- wonderful journalistic enterprises year which many journals possess, we shall sault was made on Mr. Bennett in his ^fter year, injecting new and necessary make it up in industry, good taste, office by Thomas Hamblin, manager of features, keeping pace with the times [t''"""e''nuair''i„tended"'^for'";he 'g"at the 'Bowery Theater. There had been "P until 1872 when 'he died, leaving all of the community— the merchant, a difficulty and a separation between "le responsibilities of his great enter- working people— the private family Hamblin and his wife. Theatrically, Prise upon the shoulders of his son, the matter was made a public one. The James Gordon Bennett, Jr., who has Herald espoused the cause of Mrs. ever since conducted the Herald on the Hamblin. When the Bowery Theater same basis as his father, was destroyed by fire, an effort was A whole volume could be devoted to made to^give Hamblin a complimentary 'he history of the Herald, same as benefit. This the Herald opposed in eould be written about dozens of other the strongest terms in a series of ef- great American newspapers, but the fective articles. They produced such space in these pages is so limited that an impression on the public mind that we can only touch here and there on a the benefit was a comparative failure, few. trusting some day to publish a full Shortly after there was a dinner-party and complete report of all. of a dozen of Hamhlin's friends at the rooms of Jared W. Bell, near the Herald office. Bell was the publisher of the New Era. While at this dinner it was arranged, in the excitement hotel — the clerk and his principal. ■ at least 150,00 persons THE NEW YORK TRIBUNE. -Another remarkable new-spaper of the old school was the New York Tribune. Horace Greeley, when he set up some occasion, "to assiult 'Mr. Bennett in of 'he type of the first regular penny 'his office. It was asserted that it was PaPer in -America for Dr. Shepard; the intention of Mr. Hamblin and some "'hen he failed in a literary enterprise of his friends to break the right arm of hke the New Yorker; when he wrote the editor. Whether or not this be letters from Albany, in 1838, to the New true, it was evident that the manager '^'ork Daily Whig, and let himself out intended some mischief. He was large at a cheap rate to Thurlow Weed and and Dowerful. Accompanied bv three 'he Albany politicians to make a splurge or four friends, he entered the news- with the Log Cabin during the "hard- paper office throu.gh a back passage un- cider" campaign for Harrison, in 1840, awares. and commenced a furious as- was learning the business of a newspa- sault on the editor. The police and Per maker, papers others interfered, and prevented serious With a small borrowed capital in 'room consequences. money Horace Greeley, with some repu- ils, or With the organization of the ship- tation for industry and ability, with the thirty ne„,s establishment and the aid of the leading politicians of that day at his l^shinl Sandy Hook pilot-boats, the Herald hack, and with the aid and comfort of ce of began its real career as a great news- a few sincere friends, started the ihorier .paper. These were the early davs of Tribune. It was commenced as a one- It t1ie"same thne'equario a'ny'^if The 'le'ws excitement among the 'new" class cent paper. This journalistic event took papers for intelligence, good taste, of journals of New York. Nearly all place on the 10th of April, 1841. d industry, there is not a person in of the European news received (hen by The Tribune started with a moral 46 TOM UOOBE. therefore^ without jostling neighbors, vi friends, to pick up at least twenty o nd for the Herald, and leave so for others who come after us. By fu orning paper at the low p r, which may be taken for any THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST The Philadelphia passes the three thousand mark rpHAT the people of Phila- ^ delphia and its vicinity appreciate the endeavors of "The Bulletin" to give them all the news of the day as fairly, as exactly and impartially as it can be laid before them, is attested not only by the fact that the name of "The Bulletin" has become as a household word among them, but that its circu- lation now reaches far beyond the highest point ever attained by a daily newspaper in the State of Pennsylvania. Bulletin hundred The following statement shows the actual circulation of "The Bulletin" for each day of publication in the month of March, 1913: 1 298,123 2 Sunday 3 305,110 4 316,594 5 312,580 6 301,370 7 298,781 8 298,082 9 Sunday 10 304,962 11 306,701 12 306,190 13 304,686 14 304,082 15 295,637 16 Sunday 17 305,865 18 308,501 19 305,215 20 302,511 21 288,328 22 295,987 23 Sunday 24 289,627 25 301,118 26 305,072 27 309,801 28 313,164 29 300,029 30 Sunday 31 309,617 "The Bulletin" circulation figures are net; all damaged, unsold, free and returned copies have been omitted. Net Paid Average for March 303,374 Copies a day, In Philadelphia there are 346,000 Homes: Therefore, you need "The Bulletin" if you want Philadelphia. William L. McLean, Publisher, *^'?haalipgra"'' CHICAGO OFFICE: J. E. Verree, Steger Bldg. NEW YORK OFFICE: Dan. A. Carroll, Tribune Bldg. 47 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST cliaractcr. Grtclcy, aiinouncinj; his iii- teiuion to puMisli a cheap daiiy paper, he issued a prospectus luil ot excellent ideas. ine Tribune has always been remark- able lor Its pecuhar penchant for isms ot all sorts, it conimitteil itselt to I'ourierism m the autumn ot IbJI, and in the communications ot Albert iiris- bane, an enthusiastic pupil ot Charles i'ourier, in tile controversy of Horace Oreeley in the 1 ribune and Henry J. Kayraond in the Courier and Jinquirer, and in the showers of ridicule Ironi tlie uerald, tlie paper became widely known and its editor lamous. It was an early advocate of woman's rights, and its course was strongly indorsed by Mrs. Julia Ward Howe in the VVomans Kights Convention, held in Worcester, Mass., in December, 1SU9. Mrs. Howe advocated the establisliment of a news- paper devoted to their cause and spoke of the corruption in city governments. The Tribune, in the progress of time and events, became the organ of the Aational Kepublicans, and is one of the strongest, it had two strong national ideas : a high protective tarm and the abolition ot slavery, and one social idea — i'ourierism. Commencing political life as an ardent admirer of Henry Clay, and then of William H. Seward, the Tribune has kept on the opposition track to democracy. Its editor became a publi ; lecturer and thus extended the influence of his paper. The corporation idea in newspa- pers in the United States originated in the 'i ribune oilice. it was carried into effect by the Tribune in ISiti, and is now quite common for newspapers to be owned in this way, or as incorpo- rated institutions. When the editor of the Tribune vis- ited Europe in it^ol, he made his ap- pearance in England during one of the agitations for the repeal of the stamp duty on newspaper's and the duty oa advertisements in that kingdom. Eight members of the House of Commons had been selected as a committee to take evi- dence on the subject. While this com- mittee was holding its sessions, Greeley arrived in London, and was called be- fore them. Their report was published in the Tribune on the 16th of Septem- ber, 1851. The Tribune always threw its whole strength into any political fight it en- gaged in. On the Kansas question, for example, it was all Kansas. Its columns, day after day and week after week, were filled with articles on this question. Immediately after the inauguration of President Lincoln in 18G1, it became the talk in newspaper circles that the Tri- bune would be depleted of its writers in consequence of the necessity of the new administration for suitable men to send abroad as ministers, charge d'af- aires and consuls, and it was apparent in Washington that very few diplomats could be found outside of that establish- ment. James Watson Webb, of the Courier and Enquirer, who had been charge to .•\ustria, was appointed minister to Bra- zil. John Bigeiow, of the Evening Post, received the appointment of minister to France after that office was declined by James Gordon Bennett, of the Herald. Allen A. Hall, of the old Nashville Whig, was minister to Bolivia; Edward Jay Morris, of the Philadelphia In- quirer, minister to Turkey, and Rufus King, formerly editor of the Albany Daily Advertiser, represented our nation at Rome. Charles Hale, of the Boston Advertiser, was consul-general to Egypt. These appointments were made by Pres- ident Lincoln, and none of these dis- tinguished journalists disgraced their profession or their country while dressed in the plain Republican diplomatic cos- tume, so neatly arranged by that emi- nent statesman. William L. Slarcy. In 1871, when Greeley made his tour througli the Southern States after a special visit to Texas, he became a can- didate for the presidency. It was then deemed unsafe for an anti-slavery man to travel south of Mason and Dixon's line. The editor of the Tribune lived long enough to enjoy this privilege. His trip through the South was a triumphal march. Greeley was one of the candidates for the presidency in the bitter cam- paign of 1872. In the following letter, which appeared in the Lexington (.Mo.) Caucasian, he mildly told his corre- spondent, who was a free trader: "I am not the man you need" : New York, Oct. IS, 1871. Dear Sir.— I have yours of the 141h inst. I have no doubt tliat the policy you suggest is that which your party ought to adopt. They should have taken up Salmon P. Chase in 1868; then, as a result of that contest, the re- turn of genuine peace and thrift would have been promoted. That policy gave you more HAKVET W. SCOTT. last year in Missouri than could have been achieved by a party triumph. You only err as to the proper candidate. I am not the man you need. Y''our party is mostly free-trade, and I am a ferocious Protectionist. I have no doubt that I might be nominated and elected by your help, but it would pi; a false positi If I, tersely in- your good sense will, on reflection, realize it. You must take some man like Gratz, Brown, or Trumbull, or General Cox, late Secretary of the Interior, and thus help to pacify and re- unite our country anew. Yours, Horace Greeley. But in Cincinnati in May, 1872, and in Baltimore in July of that year, the opposition elements united on the edi- tor of the Tribune and made him their presidential candidate in spite of their free trade notions, and in spite of his being a "ferocious protectionist." NEXT IN Greeley's chair. In the winter of 1868-69 a serious dif- ference occurred between Mr. Young and the publishers of the Tribune, which resulted in his withdrawal from the service of the paper, and in the spring of the latter year Mr. \/hitelaw Reid was installed in his place as man- aging editor. In that arduous and difficult post Mr. Reid showed himself, to Mr. Greeley's profound satisfaction, as efficient an ex- ecutive as he had been a brilliant writer. Then came the political campaign of 1872. Immediately upon his nomination for the presidency, Mr. Greeley resigned the editorship of the Tribune, and Mr. Reid was unanimously chosen by the directors to fill his place. Thus he be- came the editor of the Tribune, the second editor the paper had had. Throughout that campaign Mr. Reid directed the paper with a skill which elicited the admiring tributes of even his political adversaries. Disciple of Greeley thou,gh he was, and reverently devoted to the cardinal principles of his public ethics, he yet took a more catholic view of the duties and responsibilities of a newspaper and strove to make it less of a partisan con- troversial tract and a more well-balanced and impartial record lof the world's daily doings. His editorial page was as vigorous as intense, and on occasion as impassioned as ever -Mr. Greeley had made it, but in his news columns he gave full and im- partial reports of the domgs and opin- ions of his opponents, as well as his friends. No party leader and party organ could be more loyal to their candidate or more efficiently zealous in his service than Mr. Reid and the Tribune were to Mr. Greeley in that campaign. Mr. Reid was editor-in-chief of the Tribune until his death, last December. It is now conducted by his son, Ogden Mills Reid, with Condc Hamlin as its busi- ness manager. THE NEW YORK TIMES. ihe first number of the Times ap- peared on the 18th of September, 1851. It was a one-cent paper. Its editor, Henry J. Raymond, had been connect- ed with the Press for a little over ten years. He determined to be a journal- ist, and bent all his energies to accom- plish this greeat end. Mr. Raymond was also a very accu- rate reporter. Daniel Webster always preferred him to any other to take down his speeches. When he intended making one anywhere, he sent for Mr. Raymond to be present. The introductory article of the Times in its first issue embraces the points of the policy that was to govern its editor. Mr. Raymond, in his initial number, said: We publish to-day the first number of the New York Times, and we intend to issue it every morning (Sundays excepted) for an in- definite number of years to come. As a news- paper, presenting all the news of the day from all parts of the world, we intend to make the Times as good as the best of those now is- sued in the City of New York; and in all the higher utilities of the Press, as a public instructor in all departments of action and of thought, we hope to make it decidedly superior to e.xisting journals of the same class. * * * We shall seek, in all our discussions and in- culcations, to promote the best interests of the society in which we live; to aid the advance- ment of all benelicient undertakings, and to promote in every way, and to the utmost of our ability, the welfare of our fellow men. Upon all topics — jiolitical, social, moral, and religious — we intend that the paper shall speak for itself, and we only ask that it may be judged accordingly. We shall be conservative in all cases where we think conservatism es- sential to the public good, and we shall be radical in every thing which may seem to us to require radical treatment and radical re- form. We do not believe that every thing in society is either exactly right, or exactly wrong; what is good we desire to preserve JAMES W. SCOTT. and improve; what is evil, to exterminate and reform. We shall endeavor so to conduct all our discussions of public affairs as to leave no one in doubt as to the principles we espouse or the measures wc advocate: and while we de- sign to be decided and explicit in all our positions, we shall, at the same time, seek to be temperate and measured in all our lan- guage. We do not mean to write as if we were in a passion unless that shall really be tile case, and we shall make it a point to get into a passion as rarely as possible. There are very few tilings in this world which it is worth while to get angry about, and they are just the tilings that anger will not improve. In controversies with other journals, with in- dividuals, or with parties, we shall engage only when, ill our opinion, sonic important public interest can be promoted thereby, and even then we shall endeavor to rely more upon lair argument than upon misrepresentation or abusive language. In 1852 Mr. Raymond was sent as a substitute to the Whig National Con- \ention at Baltimore, where he made an impression as a puulic speaker. Honors crowding upon him, he re- ceived in 185.3, from Horace Greeley, the title of "Little Villain." It was required by law, in 185:1, to publish the weekly statements of all the metropoli- tan banks in some one newspaper. Mr. D. B. St. John, who had been a share- holder in the Times, was Superintend- ent of the Bank Department. He se- lected the Times. "Little Villain" adhered to Raymond through life. In reply to a friend who asked Raymond how the nickname had been given him and how he liked it, Raymond said : "Well, I suppose I must accept the title, as I first gave it pub- licity." In 1854 Raymond was elected Lieu- tenant-Governor of New York. In 1854 he wrote the ".Address to the Peo- ple," which was adopted by the Repub- lican party at its first National Con- vention, held in Pittsburgh, Pa. Mr. Raymond refused a new nomina- tion for Governor of New York in 1857. He had made arrangements for the erection of a new building for the Times, which was one of the first of the kind erected in New York. Mr. Raymond wrote tthe Baltimore resolutions of 1864, and was elected chairman of the Republican National Coinmittee. In that year he was sent to Congress from New York City and became a strong conservative Republi- can in tthe councils of the nation. He wrote the "Life of .Abraham Lincoln" in 1865, afterward enlarging it to the more pretentious title of "Life. Public Services and State Papers of Abraham Lincoln." Raymond entered the presidential campaign of 1868 not as an independent journalist, and was chairman of the Republican Committee in New York till a few davs before his death. Tune 18, 1869. The course of the Times, subsequent to the death of its chief founder and chief editor, is of interest to the public and to journalism. Mr. George Jones, who had been the business partner and cherished friend ot Mr. Raymond from the origin of the Times, assumed the entire management of the concern and placed its old attaches over its several departments. Mr. John Bigeiow. for- merly of the Evening Post, was selected to take the place of Raymond as ed- itor. He later resigned his position. On the retirement of Mr. Bigeiow. the position of managing editor was given to Mr. George Sheppard. He re- tired after a brief period. Mr. Jones then appointed Mr. L. J. Jennings as editor-in-chief. THE NEW YORK LEDGER. The New York Ledger was originallv called the iMerchaiits' I,edger. It was devoted to mercantile affairs previous to I85I. It was originally started by an ex-merchant, who conceived the idea of making a paper that would interest country merchants. It was purchased by Robert Bonner in 1851. It appears that the first proprietor of the Ledger had invented a printing press which he thought would supersede Hoe's ma- chines. WKen President Grant got into trouble with the gold dealers of Wall and Broad streets, in the memorable gold-gambling operations of September, 1869. Bonner came to the rescue, and caused any amount of envy and jealousy in the other newspaper offices of New York by the following correspondence, which appeared in almost every journal in the land. Willi: New York, October 11, 1S6S. My Dear General. — As I stated to you in lediately after your election that there w; 48 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JiQURNALlS.T THE PHILADELPHIA RECORD BRyi TALKS 10 The Greatest Number of Advertisers Reach the Great Philadelphia Field That Philadelphia is almost the largest and best field for adver- tisers in the United States the following carefully compiled figure •. prove : The City of Homes Philadelphia has a population of 1 ,600,000 with 342,000 dwell- ings, and 251 ,884 men and women wage-earners; 93% of the popula- tion live in separate dwellings. Philadelphia is essentially an American community — seven out of every ten being native born, and 90' speaking English. That this immense population has money is shown by Philadelphia's Great Business Philadelphia produces one-twentieth of the manufactured prod- ucts of the United States. It is FIRST in the manufacture of Hosiery, Knit Goods, Carpets, Rugs, Hats, Locomotives, Upholstery, Street Cars, Oil Cloths, Lino- leum, Cloth, Saw^s, etc., etc. Philadelphia Leads the World in Textiles $70,869,648 worth of Philadelphia goods went to foreign mar- kets in 1912. One Philadelphia Savings Bank has 21 1,000 separate accounts; another 1 72,000 separate accounts, representing deposits of over $105,000,000. An average of 650,000 newspapers are sold in Philadelphia every morning, and 700,000 every Sunday. An average of 200,000 people pass in and out of Philadelphia daily. 500 suburban towns, within fifty miles of Philadelphia represent- ing over 1 ,000,000 people, send trade to this city Every year for 20 years "The Philadelphia Record has pub lished more display advertising than any other Philadelphia newspaper lim, ,11,11, „i I I THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST for myself or that morning under the double name of pulously neat literary editor at $5 per he'rc"is"a ''"^ '™° papers. week. While these two Brook-Farm matter now, However, that concerns you per- Finally, with a determination to Stand philosophers were thus engaged, they sonaUy, and in whic'n 1 feel that 1 discern alone in its glory, it quietly dropped the managed to edit the New American En- your interest so plainly that I take the liberty ^((g name, and sensibly adheres to that cyclopedia. Dana became the managing lo write to you with relerence to it. 1 do - t,, .,,',, , ^ .'.. *^ - , „ .^ & & this with less hesitation, because you did me of 1 he World alone. editor of the Tribune, the honor, alter your election, to conhde to After it ceased to be tile organ of the There was a little difficulty in the dlltuXd state or^the^piirbiic mind cJnccrn- wealthy religious coterie that Drought it Tribune and Dana left. This happened ing the recent gold combination, is it not the into existence, numerous reports were in early in 1862, and had something to do quickest and surest way to set at rest the great circulation that It belonged to Augusi with the "On to Richmond" movement you'\Tma'ke a br"?f"denS%ver your'''ow^^ Belmont, St., the well-known banker; which resulted so disastrously at Bull nature ot all foreknowledge of that combina- Mayor F'ernando Wood, John Anderson, Run. What then? Secretary Stanton, relieve yourself entirely^ irom the wealthy tobacconist; Collector Au- who wrote the famous Joshua and Lord -,„ose WHO knolryo^u pe"onaily do not gustus Schell, Thurlow Weed, Benja- of Hosts letter to the Tribune, took to require such a disci showed itself in an advertisement of one of its cheap editions; THE DOLLAR SUN. Chas. A. Dana, Editor. The cheapest, smartest, and best New York newspaper. Everybody likes it. Three edi- tions; Daily, $G; semi- weekly, $2; and weekly, $1 a year. All the news at half price. Full reports of markets, agriculture, farmers' and fruitgrowers' clubs, and a complete story in :lubs, ;ry weekly and present of valuable plants and eekly number. linds determined and pers i you, will be, it see tisfied and quieted by but the great pub- rain Wood and half of the bankers in Dana, and Dana took to the field. He be warped by y^^\\ street at that time. iManton Mar- was appointed Assistant Secretary of efforts to in- , , „. . ^^ , „„ -.^ „„r.„„«^;Kl« dlt^T- bincerely your: Robert lionner, Esq, Dear Sir. — Vour : received, 1 have ne ing statements oi by irresponsible part: letter; b Robert Bonn - of the 11th in thought 01 contr the gold self, or any othei I ordered the sal engaged, as I thought, transaction. If the specul; cessful, you ing uly, ble at 'last became its responsible editor, stat'em"eni~ Finally the whole concern passed into the hands of Marble. It had been through lire. Starting 'full of religious sentiments, it became a balf-and-haili Democratic sheet ; then it swallowed two or three old Whig and Republican or- gans, and became more Democratic than before. The World is a party paper, but at ect in so kind a spirit, I .[he same time an independent organ of "erYoVcir;'fhan'yiu'- public opinion During the Presidential nnocent party, except that campaign of 1868 It became manliest to of gold to break the ring ^ portion of the Democracy that their had'bee^nlSc" nominations for the offices of President heard of any and Vice-President were not strong enough to be elected in the face of the enthusiasm for Grant. The World bold- ly and recklessly came out almost on the adn e transaction, riting it, but 1 submit THE NEW YORK WORLD. HOW IT WAS STARTED. withdrawal of the candidates and the substitution of others in their place. It produced an impression and created a sensation; it showed the independence of the journal favoring such an enter- prise in the midst of an exciting po- The New York World appeared in litical campaign, if it did not exhibit June, 1860. power and influence enough to accom- It was at this period that the Times, pHsh its object. Herald and Tribune had become repre- On the 29th of December, 1860, Man- sentative papers. The Herald has its ton Marble, who commenced his jour- own community of readers, and the nali.stic career on the Boston Traveler, FUIiITZEB. War, and sent to the West to cooper ate personally with General Grant his Tribune its peculiar class ; the Times continuing it on the New York Even- operations against the rebels. He tilled represented the juste milieu. What was jng Post, culminated by becoming sole ^,^,j position with ability from August, wanted was a daily religious paper— a proprietor of the World, paying $100,000 j^yg ^^ August 18B3 On the suppres- daily moral paper-to give all the news, for one-fourth of the stock. ^.ion oi the rebellion it was thought that to shut out the wretched criminal police „-,„._ „,n,. norcccarv in ( hirairo reports, to ignore the slander suit^and THE NEW YORK SUN. ?,h7^Sg^^ Su'e'wirt'hrrepr^s:^?: prurient divorce cases; not to shock the its sale to dana and associates. ^^j^^ journal there The Chicago Re- public with the horrid details of mur- j^e first we know of Charles A. Dana publican organized on an extensive scale ders, but to give the news, such as ought 35 ^ joyrn^list .^^aj, ^5 ^ member of the with a large capital, was therefore to satisfy any reasonable being— indeed, famous Brook-Farm Community, com- started but not by Mr. Dana. He was It was to publish a paper conducted on „,,:^„, ;„ .,!,;„( .,> fonnii , „p-jr anH nrp- 'high morad principles, excluding adver- tisements of theatres, as the Tribune for a time had done; excluding all improper matter, as the Times for a time had done; and giving all the news, as the Herald always had done. With this high purpose in view, a large sum of money was subscribed by some cxf the best men in the metropolis. Alexander Cummings, formerly of the North American, and afterwards of the Evening Bulletin of Philadelphia, was selected as its manager. He had evi- dently full power. Hoe made one of his fastest presses for the new estab- lishment. A splendid new building on the block with the Times was leased. Editors and reporters were engaged. All the arrangements were made and completed, and in 1866 the World made its appearance. It was a dignified and a moral sheet. The World had all the telegraphic and all the shipping intelligence that the other papers had, and, with its contem- poraries, it 'had the world, physically and mentally, before it. Two hundred thousand dollars were spent in the effort to make the World a success as a religious organ. Those who subscribed disgusted. Alexand* on this account an 1 afterwards be- ^'"^';J"^^;^■;;^''^7g;■o"n5';n Alcott,'Geo^^^ of the Republican party in the came Governor of Wyoming Terri- ' ^ ^j, , ^ ^^^^ tropolis, and a thorn in the side of the tpry. The World changed hands. _ _lt ^ ^^ _ ,,,_i._„,_ n,n, wrote for Tribune. In a short time the old estab- lishment was removed to SABWIN'. his money, became j ^^^.j^ ^^_^ ^^ Nathaniel Haw- der Cummings left ^ ^^^ ^^j^^ Emerson, Wilhanr editor-in-chief at $7,000 a year, and one fifth of the profits of the concern. It was not a first-class success, as Dana thought it should be. The result was the return of Dana to New York, which was the true field for him, after receiv- ing $10,000 for surrendering his interest. It was arranged that Dana should es- tablish a new paper, to be called the Evening Telegraph. It was then ascer- tained that, owing to the opposition of two or three members of the Asso- ciated Press, the new paper could not have the telegraphic news of that in- stitution, and without that news the contemplated paper could not succeed; indeed, it would be folly to bring out the first number. The New York Sun, established in 1833, was a member in full and good standing in the association. One morn- ing the opposition members of the As- sociated Press were informed that that concern had changed hands, and that the Sun of Moses S. Beach had set, and the Sun of Charles A. Dana had risen to "shine for all" who wished for and would pay two cents per ray for its genial and fructifying warmth. In this way the first penny paper of the country, after a prosperous existence of over thirty years with its democratic tendencies, became an independent organ The World changed hands. It ^"^'P'fy ^ , „ _, then became a secular paper-a worldly Aiter ^rook-Farm Dana wruic .ur ."^--^ ; - removed to Tammany World-and has never deviated from its the Chronotype in Boston, and then came purchased for new path. to the Tribune office^ Ripley came alo |iau w ^ ^.^^ v^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^ No better men than the originators at the same time. Dana, being an ac- t^^^^^^^^^. added to the old one, the of this paper ever lived. They wished complished l'"e"'5t a"d M' °f E"ro- eintinued to make its daily ap- to disseminate sound principles and pean ■leas.faas^and^the jights_^of man, good morals among the masses. took charge of the foreign department pearance. -•- • • ""• Started on this platform, it bega *" On he St o July 1861 the World of that paper at $12 per week, and Rip- Started on this platform it began its and the Moaning Courier and New York ley, who' had. been a Unitarian clergy- new career on the Is of January, 186^ Tjn^„;«. wprp ^.w.i^A and anneareri on man. became Its hard-working and scru- One year after this event, its spirit Enquirer were united, and appeared on man, becam $1,000 life insurances, grand pianos, machines, parlor organs, sewing ma- etc, among the premiums. Specimens 3 free. Send a dollar and try it. 1. W. England, Publisher, Sun, New York. The Sun became sensational and per- sonal, and increased in circulation. In this new position of Mr. Dana he did not forget his old confrere of the Tribune, and when the opportunity came, as it did in the Young bouleverse- ment, he published a broadside of let- ters and comments under the head of "At Last— At Last." Mr. Dana was born at Hinsdale, N. H., Aug. 8, 1819. After his high school education he spent two years at Harvard College. He died in New York Oct. 18, 1897, leaving behind him some very interesting works as a jour- nalist. His three lectures, "The Modern American Newspaper," "Profession of Journalism" and "The Making of a Journalist" are very educating. PRESS ASSOCIATIONS. ORI^-IN OF NEW YORK PRESS CLUB. One Saturday evening in the month of November, in 1851, there was a gather- ing of journalists at the Astor House in New York in recognition of Kossuth, who was then visiting the United States. He had been an editor in Hungary, a lawyer, a politician, a patriot, a states- man. It was therefore considered to be the duty of the press to fete him as an editor. The 'banquet took place at the Astor House on the 13th of December, 1851. William iCuUen Bryant, of the Evening Post, presided. George Bancroft, the historian, made some remarks, conclud- ing with the sentiment, "The American Press — it is responsiole for the liber- ties of mankind." Kossuth delivered a speech respecting the press, and its power and influence. Among the speakers were Charles King, formerly of the New York American, and then of the Courier and Enquirer; Henry J. Raymond, of the Times; Parke Godwin, of the Evening Post; Charles A. Dana, then of the Tribune, and Freeman Hunt, of the Merchants' Magazine. This editorial banquet originated the Press Club in New York. It dined every Saturday at the Astor House. Every distinguished stranger was in- vited to dine with the club. It has be- come an institution with a large portion of journalists. When Charles Dickens was invited to dine with the dub in 18C8 the occasion was made an excep- tion to the general rule. This banquet took place on the 18th of April of that year at Delmonico's. Out of this club, and in sympathy with the idea originating it, press asso- ciations have been formed in many States. COMICS AND ILLUSTRATIONS. One of the earliest writers in this special department of journalism was the original "Joe Strickland," whose productions were short and witty. They were written 'by George W. Arnold, who kept a lottery office in Broadway, New York, and graced the newspapers in 1826, '27 and '28. Seba Smith, of Port- land, Me., who wrote the queer and quaint letters of Major Jack Down- ing, of Downingsville, had their sensa- tion in their day. Andrew Jackson was in the height of his popularity at that time, and he was the subject of these epistles. Charles Augustus Davis, of New York, was JacK Downing the sec- ond. Then Judge Halliburton came out 50 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST BY means of intelligent!}' directed industry, The Philadelphia Inquirer has risen from the status of a newspaper of no importance to the unquestioned leadership of Philadelphia journalism and to the front rank of the very few greatest in American journalism. Service, influence and power in a newspaper correspond to character in the individual, but unlike the latter, the newspaper has at all times definite data by which its actual or relative position may be measured. The success, using the word in its broadest meaning, of a newspaper is gauged by its paid circulation and advertising patronage — not by either alone, but through a combi- nation of both. A publication distributed gratis has no value. A newspaper without advertising is of little importance. A news- paper with small circulation and much advertising at small rates serves no important purpose. It is only when large paid circula- tion and large advertising patronage at normal rates are found together in a newspaper that it can be looked upon as influential and successful. Judged by this standard, The Inquirer challenges comparison with any newspaper in the country. Twenty-four years is a short time in history, but it has seen a complete revolution in the newspaper world. It has witnessed the growth in size of all newspapers and an equally important de- cline in price. It has witnessed radical changes in every mechani- cal department and it has seen the extraordinary development of advertising which has become one of the great factors in every business enterprise of the world to-day. Inasmuch as circulation is the first consideration of every pub- lication, attention is called to the fact that when in March, 1889, the Elverson management took over The Philadelphia Inquirer it had a circulation of 5,000 daily. It was an eight-page, six-column sheet printed directly from type. After some months of experi- mentation the unprecedented step was taken of increasing the size of the page and reducing the cost to the public from two cents to one cent per copy. That was considered fatal by many of the ablest publishers in the country who had nothing but good will for the management. Had such a step been taken a few years previously doubtless financial disaster would have followed. But Mr. James Elverson foresaw the revolution which was coming in journalism, and, in fact, did much to bring it about. Cheaper print paper, tjqsesetting machines, improved printing and stereotyping machinery, better systems of circulation and a farsighted business policy which insisted on the best attainable results at any cost, were factors unceasingly employed to make The Inquirer's circulation increase with unprecedented rapidity. It required only six years to attain a daily circulation of 100,000, which was then considered phenomenal. It was achieved by giving the best newspaper attain- able for the smallest coin and by making potential readers aware of the fact. No circulation increases of itself. It comes only from highly intelligent and unceasing eft'ort until an assured posi- tion is attained. The Inquirers circulation progress has been rapid, as the following table shows : Year. Daily Average. Sunday Average. 1889 5,000 11,500 1890 47,401 32,229 1891 02,594 41,183 1892 78,845 60,644 1893 85,781 88,211 1894 90,945 91,209 1895 100,397 95,200 1896 121,051 144,314 1897 129,279 148,324 1898 175,237 152,534 1899 165,984 163,063 1900 170,855 168,377 Year. Daily Average. Sunday -\verage. 1901 173,020 163,429 1902 177,316 157,1-51 1903 161,686 141,125 1904 166,897 143,303 1905 155,454 1-53,978 1906 161,898 179,221 1907 161,745 193,499 1908 165,586 198,4-52 1909 160,198 206,979 1910 171,781 224,907 1911 174,833 239,964 1912 176,725 249,772 The Inquirer's advertising patronage has gone hand in hand with its circulation. Nevertheless, every publisher understands that it is a difficult task to make the income from advertising bear a proper ratio to the amount of publicity given. It is not only columns which count, but the price received for each column that is important. In the long struggle for prestige. The Philadelphia Inquirer stuck firmly to its principles. It was one of the first news- papers to give entire publicity to its books. It never asked for patronage on any false basis. It never lowered the standard of its ethics in business or editorial policies. It made merit its sole claim to patronage. It never took a dollar under false pretenses, nor wasted a penny of its advertiser's money. It has ever claimed to give more than a dollar for every one hundred cents received. The results of that policy are shown in the following figures, which speak for themselves: Year. Total Paid Advertising. 1889 4,211 Cols, or 1,263,300 Lines 1890 6,045 Cols, or 1,813,500 Lines 1891 7,279 Cols, or 2,183,700 Lines 1892 9,014 Cols, or 2,704,200 Lines 1893 11,128 Cols, or 3,338,400 Lines 1894 12,639 Cols, or 3,791,700 Lines 1895 14,032 Cols, or 4,209,600 Lines 1896 15,075 Cols, or 4,522,500 Lines 1897 16,192 Cols, or 4,857,600 Lines 1898 17,141 Cols, or 5,142,300 Lines 1899 21,411 Cols, or 6,323,300 Lines 1900 21,028 Cols, or 6,308,400 Lines 1901 24,413 Cols, or 7,323,900 Lines 1902 24,874 Cols, or 7,462,200 Lines 1903 26,491 Cols, or 7,947,.300 Lines 1904 26,547 Cols, or 7,964,100 Lines 1905 28,147 Cols, or 8,444,100 Lines 1906 29,363 Cols, or 8,808,900 Lines 1907 29,513 Cols, or 8,853,900 Lines 1908 23,457 Cols, or 7,037,100 Lines 1909 27,762 Cols, or 8,328,600 Lines 1910 28,792 Cols, or 8,637,600 Lines 1911 30,063 Cols, or 9,018,900 Lines 1912 31,798 Cols, of 9,5-39,400 Lines Based on the most conservative estimates The Inquirer ap- peals daily to a constituency of readers approaching a million and on Sundays to a far larger number. Last year it presented to each reader 31,798 columns of advertising matter, or four thousand pages, or about 32,000 pages the size of an ordinary book, enough to fill about the whole of the latest edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica — and this of advertising matter alone. This is success. It is proved by every possible test which can be applied. It is also an increasing success, as the figures given conclusively demonstrate. The Philadelphia Inquirer's atti- tude toward the reading public and the advertising public is the explanation of its success. It speaks for itself in a case where no subterfuge or misstatement is possible and where none ever has been attempted in the slightest degree. 51 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST with "Sam Slick of Slickville. Tlicii Josepli C. Neale, an edilor in Phila- delphia, appeared with his curious "Charcoal Sketches," and created some pleasure and merriment. Then such wits as Prentice, Greene, Bennett, Lewis Gaylord Glarke, John Vvaters, Kendall, Felix Merry, Henry J. Finn, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Lumsden, Cornelius Matthews and Briggs came before the footlights of our continental theater. Since that period a number of hu- morists and wits of purely native growth became well known throughout the land. Artemus Ward, Mark Twain, John Phoenix, Doesticks, Josh Billings, Bret Harte, Petroleum V. Nasby (.who seems to be a descendant of Jack Downing), Leland, Wilkins, Congdon and Mrs. Partington, in their real names and in iioins lie pitiinc, introduced a new order of comic literature, which, for quaint- ness, and richness, and freshness, was a feature of the times. Still later, Or- pheus C. Kerr, Captain Watt a Lyre, Yuba Dam, Eli Perkins, Oofty Goofty, Will M. Carleton, M. T. Jugg and Si Slokum have turned up in the fertile soil of the East and West. It is said that the original comic pa- per was the Merrie Mercuric, which was printed in London in 17t)0. The Scourge, not a very funny name, was published in England in 18U. Punch, the real Comus of England, made its bow on the 17th of July, 1841, and has lived, and laughed, and become rotund on wit and wisdom ever since. It is now a universally recognized character. It has developed more wit with pen and pencil, and has accomplished more good, socially and politically, in Eng- land than any politician or statesman is willing to accord to its influence. THE ILLUSTRATED PAPERS. Illustrated papers have become a fea- ture. Every newspaper stand is cov- ered with them. Every railroad train is filled with them. They are "object-teach- ing" to the multitude. They make the battlefields, the cononations, the cor- ruptions of politicians, the balls, the race course, the yacht race, the military and naval heroes. They are, in brief, the art gallery of the world. Single ad- mission, ten cents, "Hudson." When Avery, and Reid, and Horton, and Baker, and one or two others en- graved for the New York Herald, the art, for newspaper use and illustration, was but little known in the United States. In 1861-5, during the Rebellion, Waters made half-page maps in one day. Such a piece of work, indeed, to illus- trate a brilliant victory, was accom- plished on one occasion in one night. News of the battle came at tea time; the map appeared in the next morning's Herald. But the block was in twenty pieces, and twenty engravers worked on it at the same time. There was an excellent engraver in New York about seventy-seven years ago, named Adams. It appears that he read the Bible. In going over the pages of that great book some of the wonder- ful events there narrated suggested to him the idea of sketching them on wood. He did so. and cut them him- self during his leisure hours. The work was an agreeable one, and he continued it until 'he had accumulated a large number of beautiful illustra- tions of the Holy Scriptures. It had occurred to him during this work that the Bible, fully illustrated, would be a popular publication. Applying to the Harpers, he found they would be de- lighted to undertake such a work. The interview between the artist and the publishers resulted in "Harper's Illus- trated ramily Bible," so well known about sixty years ago. Our illustrated newspapers now live on half-tones. The two first important ones were Harper's and Frank Leslie's. Before either of these appeared, the Messrs. Beach, of the New York Sun, and Barnum, of the Museum, each con- tributed $2U,0U0 for the establishment of an illustrated weekly in New York City, and Gleason and Ballon, of Bos- ton, had made the attempt to introduce London publications in .-America. Ascer- taining that Barnum intended to issue an :llustrated paper, Leslie started for Iranislan and arrived there on Thanks- giving Day, in 1852, just before dinner. F'rank Leslie became the managing foreman of the Illustrated News of New York and made his debut in the metropolis. this paper appeared on the 1st of January, 1853, and its circu- lation soon ran up to TtJ.OUO copies. It lived one year. After the suspension of this publica- — so many times that everybody knows Col. George Harvey. FIRST DAILY IN ENGLISH. The first daily newspaper pnutcd in tlie English language was published by a woman. Elizabeth Mallet began the publication uf the Daily Courant ni London in March, 17U2. .Mrs. barah Joscpiia Hale was prob- ably the lirst to establish a magazine in this country wholly devoted to tlie tastes and interests of women. It was not a newspaper in any sense. It was a maga- zine, .-is Mrs. Hale was the lirst of HORACE aBEEI.S'X' AITD WHITEIiAW BEID. tion or rather, after it passed over to female periodical writers, it is fair to Gleason, Frank Leslie issued one which begin with her enterprise. In 1827, in is now favorably known as Frank Les- connection with a Boston publisher, she lie's Illustrated Weekly established the Ladies' Magazine m that The first number of Harper's Weekly, ^'y- ft was afterwards united with a Journal of CiviHzation. was issued on ^odey s Lady s Book of Philadelphia, the .3d of January, 1857. Before the »f which Mrs. Hale became the editor. expiration of the first year the events },1;^ ffi'^l'^^'i'^lL?^ ,!,'l L'"'.',!! ,''fl?!: of the day began to be pictorially re- ne led to others. sucn as the Ladies' York by W. corded in its pages, and Harpers ,^°"'f "'™' '""^'^ V' . ,. • ' ■ Weekly had become an illustrated news- W.._ Snowden ; Graham's . Magazine, , m paper. Its first editor was Theodora Philadelphia, by C. R. Graham ; the A c t - 1 r\ c J ■ 1 ' .-• „ i. tist, Peterson's Magazine, the Gem, the Sedgwick. On Sedgwick s retirement -p - tti k *t « ™r,i;Vu«^ r-„± .1 j:.„_:„i .u„:„ :„ iq« u^ ..... Passion Flower, by the accomplished from the editorial chai succeeded by John B 1858. he experi- daughters of Captain Samuel G. Reid, and numerous others. These were il- enced and accomplished journalist, who jugtrated with steel and colored engrav conducted the Weekly for several years ; g^^, fashion plates, some of which with ability and tact. Bonner was fol- ^^^e verv creditably executed. This lowed, in 1864, by Henry M. Alden, the ^rt, indeed, received its first important present editor of Harper's Magazine, impulse in America from these pub- S. S. Conant was then ed:tor for several lications. y^^^^- The Lowell Offering, originating with It IS hardly necessary to mention the the factory girls of Lowell, in 1840, name of the present editor of Harper's v;as another development of female Weekly, for his name has been men- writers in the Lhiitcd States iii period- tioned and printed millions of times ical literature. It was filled with the through the paffcs of nearly every productions of factory girls or "female newspaper and magazine in the country operatives" exclusively. Madame Demo- 52 rest's .Magazine, on the plan of le .Mode, Je i-'ollett and the Bazar, was established some lime about 1850 in .vew York. Mrs. .M. Elizabeth Green managed the Quincy (.Mass.; Patriot after the ocath ot her husband. Miss Piney \V. I-or.sythe succeeded her father as pro- prietor and editor of the Libervy ( -Miss.) Advocate, in 1808. .\nother paper was issued in New Y'ork in 1869 by the female bankers and brokers of Broad s:reet. It was called WoodhuU & Claflin's Weekly. It was a si.Ktcen-page paper, and dealt in finance and fashion, stock-jobbing and slrong-niinded women, sporting and sorosis, politics and president-making. • supporting a woman even for the execu- tive mansion. This periodical was edited by Victoria C. VVoodhnil and Tennie C. Claflin. "Upward and On- ward" was the motto, of these editors of crinoline. EARLY NEW ORLEANS PAPERS. New Orleans has always been quite a news center. Commerce of the Missis- sipi Valley to the extent of millions made that city its main port of entry. In past years most of the news from Mexico came through that port. It has ever been a converging southern center of commerce, news, fashion, sport and politics. The first paper published in that sec- tion appeared in 180.3, and was called the Moniteur, when the great Southwest belonged to France. It was printed by Fontaine. The first paper issued there after the purchase of the territory of Napoleon was the Louisiana Courier, in ISOB. French was the language spoken there at that early period. The New Orleans Bee, established in 1826, was printed in both languages till 1872. One-half of the sheet bore the title as above, in English; the other half was printed under the head L'Abeille de la Nourvelle Orleans. It was later printed exclusively in the French lan- guage. The Picayune, printed entirely in English, has long been a representative paper in the Crescent City. It was originally a cheap, independent paper there, like the Penny Press at the North, and began a new era in journalism in the South. It sold for a picayune a copy. Hence its name. The Picayune first appeared on the 2.-]th of January, 1837. Colonel A. M. Holbrook took charge of the establish- ment in June, 1839. The Picayune has had a great many contributers. Among others, and in ad- dition to Kendall, its first editor, there were Colonel S. F. Wilson, previously of the True Delta of that city and of the Mobile Register ; Mathew C. Field, brother of J. M. Field, of the St. Louis Reveille, and Judge Alexander C. Bul- litt, who was once connected with the New Orleans Bee and afterwards with the Washington Republic. Kendall .gave great character to the Picayune with his accounts of the Santa Fe expedition and during the Mexican War. He took the field with our troops, and his letters descriptive of the battles in that republic were among the first of the kind in this country. The great military reputation which Jefferson Davis and Braxton Bragg en- joyed with the people came from the war correspondents of the Picayune. Kendall purchased an extensive plan- tation in Texas and became a landed proprietor on a princely scale — a fanner, a planter, a cattle fancier, a stock raiser. There he passed the later years of his life. Several excellent newspapers have been published in Alobile. This city did not afford a very liberal support to many papers, but three or four daily newspapers have been published there at the same time. The first paper ap- peared shortly after the evacuation of the place by the Spaniards, about 1814. We are ignorant of its name. There THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST THE EDITOR and PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST FOR NEWSPAPER MAKERS, ADVERTISERS AND ADVERTISING AGENTS Entered as second class mail malter in the New York Post Office By The Editor and Publisher Co.. 13 to 21 Park Row, New York City. Telephone, 7446 Cortland. Issued every Saturday. Subscription, $2.00 per year; Canadian, $2.50; Established 1884. The Editor and Pub- lES Wright Brown, Publisher. Frank Lditor. George P. Leffler, Business Man- 110 S. Dearborn St., Geo. B. Hi; 1 be found on sale each week World Building, Tribune Building. Astor House. Park Row Building, 140 Nassau street, Manning's, opposite the World Building; 33 Park Row (in front of Doheln Cafe); Times Building, Forty-second street and Broadway; Brentano's Book Store.^ 26th street and Fifth avenue, and Mack's, opposite New York. Saturday, April 26, 1913 IN CONVENTION ASSEMBLED. After all it is not the price of white paper and tariff considerations that occupy pre-eminently the mind of the publisher when he makes his annual pilgrimiage to New York City to attend the meet- ings of the American Newspaper Publishers' Asso- ciation and the Associated Press. No such sordid matters bother his mind, though for a time he and his aids are obliged to give them attention. Association is the great objective. To be sure, one delights to listen to talks on efficiency, now the keynote of every address; ill-advised but well-mean- ing persons may even go cs far as to broach things more sordid, but on the whole the event exists for the purpose of meeting "ComraJes-in-L.\rms." With many a reminiscent smile the yesterday is gone over and the complete rela>:i:.tion of forgetting oneself, and all the little worries of business, is enjoyed to the full. For once the watchers of the human flux join a little procession of their own and revel in the experience. To meet men is the daily lot — the very breath of life — of most publishers and editors. But the men met lack that something which makes newspaper men different from all others, which compels many to stick to ''the game" even when it does not seem worth 'while, and which makes a success of life when material sacrifices become the rule of the day — the only gratification of a lifetime. To forego, therefore, the atmosphere created by a community of interest end ideal is something which the mem- bers of the two organizations would be loath to do. , Though in many quarters different views are held, have always been held for that matter, It is highly unfair to look upon the owners and directors of the large dailies as men bent upon minding nobody's busineess but their own — caring for none but them- selves. On the whole, the press and its m'akers are better to-day than they ever 'have been. If no bet- ter motive would be found for their willingness to put the shoulder to the wheel of human advance, then enlightened self-interest at least would cause them to remain in the van of progress. In our day the newspaper that fails to do its duty by the public i= a short-lived failure. Though the chmoring of the radicals be ignored, the demand of the public must be heeded, and as the mouthpiece of ail, the newspaper hears this first. Between public and press a peculiar relation has always existed. Just as liiw is merely the codifica- tion of public morality already felt and applied, so the newspaper focuses social conditions and better- ment. The pen is only mightier than the sword when it is able to interpret the will of the aggre- gate; whenever this has not been the case the unsheathed sword liLis written bloody history. Such meetings are good things. Whatever ben- efits the publisher must benefit the public. Ex- change of views broadens and the little important lessons which are hard to notice in some editorial chairs are more easily learned when men of the same station in life are the mentors. Thus the lan- nuUl hegira to the metropolis of the United States becomes one of the important, if not the most im- I-ortant public events of the country. AMERICAN JOURNALISM. In Europe the pampheteer had been busy for many a century and had wrought changes advantageous to society. Every political and intellectual betterment in the old world had been preceded by what was then considered a veritable flood of literary arguments pro and con fthe statu quo. The intellectual' renais- sance on the continent and the British islands could not have been accomplished in so short a time and with such splendid results had there been no pens ihat could aptly express the sentiment of the multi- tude, define the advantages ito be derived from a new tendency and point out the pitfalls of the radicalism with which social evolution has in all ages been af- flicted. True, here and there writers carried their bents to extremes, but in the end tthe restraining in- fluence of the printed word — of cold type — prevented excesses. Carried away by the haranguing dema- gogue mobs have been guilty of the worst out- rages; the argument of the printed page has led to consideration of 'the subject in less impassioned en- vironments. The atrocities of the French revolu- tion could not mar the history of its achievements; had the sans coulottes taken their advice from more than one newspaper there would have been in France real liberty of the press. It was the Stamp Act that broke the camel's back in the case of the American colonies. Inroads upon the right of freemen had been endured by the colo- nists for many years, but when the Stamp Act pro- posed to wipe out the few publications in America, the death knell of colonial exploitation was sounded. Alreadj- many newspapers were in existence. Most of them had made their appearance as organs with a strictly local field. Favors bestowed by the Govern- ment made a general support of ihem impossible. But 'the Stamp Act changed all this. Heretofore the public had looked upon newspaper.^ very much as one would upon a scandalmonger. Public questions had been discussed with the bias of those who sup- ported publications for purposes of gain, and as a result of this, thinking men preferred to give the press a wide berth. But sumptuary legislation opened another vista. Of a sudc'en the colonists realized that the press was a good instrumer-c which, a"- tempting to make itself really useful, encountered the mailed hand of those who had decided that it should not do so. Thus, hostile interference gave to the press of this country high character. It has always been dangerous to make martyrs of advocates The men behind the Stamp Act could not understand this, and when the lesson went home, the few newspapers of the colonies had the hearty support of the general public. .Then, as now, it was but necessary for an editor to get i term in jail to make 'his paper popular, and, as will be shown in another part, in the end the Government completely lost a fight conducted on this plan. Jeffer- son's speech before the Virginia House of Burgesses would have had less weight, if any at all. had noit its publication by an outraged press, secured the ap- proval of the public. The struggle of the early editors have been de- 53 scribed elsewhere and no reiteration is neces-ary. From the little acorns they planted mighty oijks 'have already sprung. The little sheets of the colonial pe- riod had reached generous proportions when they sadly announced that the great Washington Had been laid to rest. By that time men had already learned how to use type to advantage, and a newspaper style of English was rUpidly evolving. Editors no longer set their own type, and the old lever press had made room for an apparatus able to turn out com- paratively large editions. In at least one essential, the greatest of all, does the press of the United States differ from that of any other country. The press of Great Britain tacitly admits that there are lords and servants; that of France does not hesitate to grant the presumptions of a politically extinct privileged class; the news- papers of Germany deal with castes and social dis- tinctions based on merit and attainment, and similar views are supported elsewhere. The press of the United States alone knows no classes and treats all men as equals in the body pol- itic and before the law. In all history there is no parallel to this. It is not ii question of giving the individual his due as this is established for his class, but preserving for him the rights he should enjoy with every other member of the social aggregate. THE PULITZER NEWSPAPER APPRAISAL. The appraisal of the Pulitzer newspapers is a mat- ter of deep concern to -all- the newspaper publishers of the country, because upon it depends the settle- ment of a number of important questions affecting the w-orth of newspaper properties. Two of these' involve the value of the Associated Press franchises held by the World and the St. Louis Post Dispatch, belonging to the Pulitzer estate, and the good will of both properties. At recent conferences among owners and pub- lishers of lead.ng papers and magazines this subject has been debated seriously, and deep interest is being shown as to the testimony which has been given by newspaper men. who, rumor says, have been testify- ing for the State. Several newspaper publishers have said recentl}', that, although they have been requested by Mr. Stout, the attorney for the State in. the Pulitzer appraisal, to appear as experts and testify as to the value of the World and the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, they had refused to do so, as they regarded such an appearance as a decidedly un- frieridly act toward one of their colleagues. Judging by the names of those, who, it is rumored, have already appeared at the hearing, the newspaper world will ha\-e interesting reading when their testi- mony is made public, for the subjects what is good- will, and what is its value in any newspaper, have been topics for heated debates ever since newspaper properties have been the subject of valuation. As the transfer tax is imposed upon the transfers to each beneficiary under the present law, and not upon the transfer as a whole as under the former law% discussion is going on as to whether or not a testator by any provision in his will, which he may lawfully make or impose, but which may depreciate the value of the individual transfers, has the right to decrease the value of the individual transfers, and indirectly, that of the whole transfer Under the former law, where the transfer as a whole was the basis of the tax, such question would not have been so difficult of solution, but where the tax is imposed upon each individual transfer, a more serious question is presented as to how the State may impose a tax upon the value actually left, but which reaches the individual transferees with di- minished values. In this latter case, the individual transferee cannot be said to have depreciated the value of his interest: wdiereas, in actual operation, the full taxable value may not be reached. Were there any way for the State to reach all otlier values which may not pass to the individual, this question would not be raised, but with the present transfer tax law a curious situa- tion is presented. THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST was a paper called the Gazette issued in that city in July, 1817. The Register is now the oldest pa- per. It was established in December, 1821. There were two old class papers published there then, the Register, Dem- ocratic, by Sanford & Wilson, and the Advertiser, Whig, by C. C. Langdon, once Mayor of the city. The .Advertiser, mentioned above, was established in 183.3. It issued, in Henry Guy Carlton and a number of other literary luminaries won their first fame in the columns of the Times- Democrat. In 1882 it gave relief to the sufTerers from the great overflow of that year, and undertook the gigantic task of bringing about the rebuilding of the de- stroyed levees. The Times-Democrat took the matter in hand and, by its per- sonal eiTort and solicitations, succeeded in raising the money for the reconstruc- tion of the Bonnet Carre levee, the first to be rebuilt. Beginning in 1882, it had provided boats to relieve and rescue the sufferers from the great o\erflow of that year, raising the $15,000 needed. In the great drought in north Louisiana, where so many persons were threatened with starvation, it raised in money and pro- visions $10,000, and thus saved hundreds of lives. When the Wesson tornado swept through Southern Mississippi, kill- ing and wounding hundreds and causing thousands of dollars of damage, the Times-Democrat sent a train with phy- sicians, medicines and supplies aboard it. It publishes carefully collected crop news, and its cotton reports and its cot- ton articles are recognized throughout the world as authorities on the subject. THE TELEGRAPHIC ERA. VARIOUS MODES OF TRANSMITTING INTEL- LICENCE FOR NEWSPAPERS — CARRIER IIGEONS AND BALLOONS — INTRO- UCTION OF THE TELEGRAPH. When the News-Letter was the only paper printed in America, it had but three hundred weekly circulation. When the Gazette and Mercury in Boston, the between distant points anterior to the magnetic telegraph, previous to 1844, none surpassed the carrier pigeon for speed. Next to light and electricity, these beautiful birds are the most rapid in their flights. They were used in 1249 in the crusade of Louis IX. In the midst of the battle of Mansourah, a pigeon was dispatched by the Sara- cens, in great alarm, to Cairo. This pigeon carried this message under its wing; "At the moment of starting this bird the enemy attacked Mansourah; a ter- rible battle is being fought between the Christians and Mussulmans." This threw that city into a state of great commotion. Another pigeon was sent off late in the afternoon announc- ing the total defeat of the French. Since then carrier pigeons have been more or less used by journalists, specu- lators and governments. They are swift flyers and can go long distances without intermission. 1 heir speed ranges from forty to seventy-five miles an hour. They have been known to fly, in a few instances, at the rate of one hundred miles an hour. On one occasion, during the siege of the French capital in 1870, a carrier pigeon carried into that city a newspa- per 4% inches square, with 226 dis- patches microscopically photographed upon it, embracing the news of the day from all parts of the world. This paper had to be read by the aid of a powerful microscope and the steropti- con. Something else was needed to satisfy the craving, grasping mind of a mod- ern journalist. The great desideratum, in the form of the magnetic telegraph. November, 1852, an afternoon edition, called the Evening News. Another pa- per, named the Tribune, was founded in 1842, and still another, a State Rights organ, with the title of Mercury flying at its head, was established on the 12th of August, 1857. There was a penny paper, the Transcript, published for a time. NEW ORLEANS TIMES-DEMOCRAT The Times made its appearance Sep- tember 20, 1863. The new paper, issued by Thomas P. May & Co., was author- ized to publish all official reports, and was thus able to give a great deal of news. In 1805 it passed into the hands of W. H. C. King. It was one of the first papers in the country to issue a Sunday literary sec- tion or supplement — an idea since gen- erally adopted, and naturally carried be- yond what the Times did in 1865, al- though for that period it was a literary wonder. For seven years, from 1865 to 1872, the Times maintained its position as a leading paper of New Orleans and the South, both as to its name and its literary articles. It fell in 1872, in the fight it made for the popular cause against the carpet baggers. In conse- quence of its bitter denunciation of the famous midnight order of Judge Durell. of the United States District Court, an order which overturned the government elected by the people, the Times was seized by order of court and sold. It passed into other hands, but never re- covered its circulation, prestige or repu- tation, and remained stationary until, in 1881. it was sold and consolidated with the Democrat. The Democrat was founded in 1875 bj a number oif leading Democrats for a political pose, and Robert Tyler, son of ex-President Tyler, was chosen as edi- tor. Originally a morning paper, it be- came an evening one in J\lay, 1876, and went back to a morning edition in Jan- uary, 1877. It passed into the hands ot Major E. A, Burke, April 27,^ 1879, and was consolidated with the Times, now the Times-Democrat. Page M. Baker succeeded to the man- agement of the paper in 1889, and car- ried the previous development to its highest point of success. Erwin Russell. Bessie Bisland, Orth Stein, Jeanette Duncan, Willis Abbott, Baltimore in May of that year that the value of this new and wonderful means of communication was made manifest to the world. When the war with Mexico opened in May, 1846, with the dashing battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, the tidings of these engagements were telegraphed from Washington, and were the first to electrify the people of the United States. With these brilliant con- flicts on the Rio Grande the telegraphic era of the press really began. Eighty-two years ago Morse, coming from Europe, first conceived the idea ot the telegraph. More than half of the business of the world is now transacted through its agency, and most of the news of the universe is transmitted over its wires, saying nothing of wireless communications. The first thirty-six miles of wire were put up in the United States in 1844. In the year 1913 we find that the American Telephone and Telegraph Co. and subsi- diaries have in the United States over 12,000,000 miles of telegraph wires, over which 24,000,000 messages and conversa- tions were transmitted during 1912. There are over 28,000,000 miles of tele- phone wire in the world, connecting with nearly 13,000,000 different stations. There were 362,000,000 telegraphic mes- sages transmitted in countries outside of the United States during 1912, not counting in those of the submarine cables. There are 407 different subma- rine cable lines in the world, stretching over a distance of 226,000 nautical miles. It is over these wires and cables our newspapers gather most of the news. But wireless communication beats all other electrical inventions and comes nearer being transmission of thought from one mind to another than any method the world has ever known. Can we not prophesy a little and say that it is a forerunner of some still greater in- vention that will be invented enabling man to communicate direct with his Creator, whose throne is yet beyond the confines of our strongest and most pierc- ing power of imagination? Since the human mind is nearest in intelligence to the Creator of the whole Universe, let us console ourselves with the hope that such a prophecy will some day come true. With these electrical connections with the rest of the world, we are depend- ent on our daily telegraphic dispatches. THE I^ATE JOSEPH XLEiDII.1;, Founder of tlie Chicago Tribune. Mercury in Philadelphia and the Ga- zette in New York were added to the number, all within the period of twenty years of the first issue of the News-Let- ter, and with only a small increase in population the weekly circulation of these five papers reached an aggregate of two or three thousand copies. Fast horses in the time of Reeside, the great mail contractor in the days of mail coaches; carrier pigeons, with their tissue-paper dispatches prepared in cipher, locomotives, steamboats and telegraphic lines have been the progres- sive steps in developing the physical forces of the world. While canals, rail- roads, steamships, telegraphs have occu- pied the minds of active and acquisitive business men, these same enterprises have entered extensively into the dreams and calculations of journalists, as nec- essary parts of the machinery of well- organized newspaper establishments. Means of swift communication have al- ways been a study in the offices of leading journals. Of all these means of communication 54 was discovered and put into practical operation by Morse. It is of no conse- quence to us when electricity was first known as an agent of communication if it could not be brought into practical use. The point was the power to trans- mit a message instantaneously from one city to another. News of a disastrous event happening in Chicago at midnight and published in New York and Lon- don the next morning to arouse the sympathy and sublime generosity of the people was the fact to be accomplished. jMorse did this in 1844 by establishing a telegraph line between Washington and Baltimore through the h^lp of the government, and thus he became a benefactor, not to the press alone, but to the human race. Except with the two or three tele- graph operators, and the two or three owners of the patent right, there was no interest or excitement about the marvelous instrument. It was not till the nomination of Silas Wright for the Vice-Presidency by the National Democratic convention at It would be a dies non if there was a suspension of news between the rising and setting of the sun. All business would stop in the absence of the regu- lar cable and telegrams. The daily press, yes, the hourly press, is the great megaphone through which we hear the heart beats of people living in all foreign lands — it's the spectacle through which we see the follies of the human race every morning and evening. THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST The Mew York World. f A Talk ho Ad ver Users t The Proof of the Puddin' is in the Eatin' . ' ' The Railroad that is most heavily patronized must run througli a Good Country The Business House that sells the greatest volume of Goods year after year must be a good House and handle good- Goods. The Newspaper that grows in Circulation and grows in Advertising, despite already possessing colossal totals, is as the Sturdy Oak or the House that was not "built upon the Sand and withstood the storming of the Elements, The New York World (all editions) sold over a Quarter of a Billion papers last year — 263,860,950, to "be exact. This repre- sented a healthy growth on all editions. Nearly Nineteen Million lines of advertising were printed- — 18,774,393, again to he exact. This is the greatest volume of advertising ever printed in one year in a Newspaper property. * * * * * * «* So much advertising is placed Somewhere because Someone needs Something to help out Somehow. What a refreshing change when an advertisement Is placed In a medium like The World that offers the inducement of Circulation and economically places hefore the Million the Advertiser's announcement. *« * ***** Any General Advertiser expending money in the Eastern field who has any doubt on the score of the Advertising value of the New York World owes it to its Business to Investigate at once — The World will help him. The Advertising Golumns of The New York World are as a Show Window on a Main Street, in Daily View of Over a Million Pair of Eyes. 55 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST A Story of The Associated Press By MELVILLE E. STONE The story of the Associated Press is essentially the development of news- gathering, and dates back to 1848, the year in which the first organization known by that name came into ex- istence. The invention of the Morse telegraph, and the demonstration of its value, in 1848, made this important phase of American journalism possible. The first president of the .\ssociated Press was Gerard Hallock, and its first manager. Dr. Ale.x. Jones. The mem- bership was limited to six or seven New York daily papers and the organization existed solely for the purpose of sup- plying these with news of a routine character, though very shortly after- wards a number of out-of-town papers were given the right to use the report. .^t that time, however, the service fur- nished was not based on an exchange of news, the papers in the interior being merely supplied with the matter orig- inating in and about New York City In those early days the field of the .\ssociated Press was limited. Tele- graph lines as yet were few in num- ber and limited in efficiency, and no less a nerson than Dr. Jones, in 18.52, declared as absurd the contention that ultimately a submarine cable would bring the news from Europe. More- over, men had not been trained to do the work done by the organization to- day. Naturally, this resulted in a service to which modern editors would give very little attention. Domestic news was often days old when it reach- ed the telegraph, and the news from Europe and the rest of the world had to be brought to the United States by the clipper ships of that Deriod. which, though fleet, could not hope to bring what is considered "live" news to-day. However, editors were keen upon scoops even in those days, and many an effort was made to demonstrate the laggardness of competitors. One of the most interesting of these is that of D. H. Craig then 'fighting the Asso- ciated Press, whn secured one of the earliest SCOOPS in the history of modern journalism by having homing pigeons carrv a dispatch from the Maine coast to New York City much to the discom- fiture of his riv.ils. Recognizing the value of such enterprise Mr. Craig was elected General manao-er hv the .Ass'^- clated Press. 'Hr. Hallock retired in ISfil. and Mr. iCrai"- was succeeded in ISHG by Tames W. Simonton, David M. Stone being then president. _ It must be stated here that at this time the field of the organization was rather limited. The service consi'sted entirely of routine news very similar *o that gii-pn to-dav bv the city new« b",reans. The report was made un of shiminF^ market and snorting items. and considcrnldc altcntirm was naid tn the transactions of Cnn;;Tcss. hut the general news of the dav, now for'ning the major part of the .^ssnciated Press report, received little attention. The trans-atlantic cble cnah'ed the Associated Press, in 1R62. to form an alliance with the Renter News -\gency of Enrone. The onranization. however. was still owne.l by seven New York papers and gathered onlv such news as these wanted. leaving the field open to competition between even these. The inland n^rer? did not find this arrange- ment satisfactory. The report was merely sold to them and nn<=equently they had no say w'-nte\'er 'v> the mana?-ement of the organizition. In the end this l^d to friction and Rnallv the creation of the Western .Association. It was realized idtimat''lv that the Western publishers h^.l a iust fTrievance and two of them. Richard Smith, of Cincinnati, and W. H. Haldeman, of Ijouisville. ^vere iplaccd on the executive committee of the Associated Press, ioining Whitelaw Reid and lanT-s Gordon Bennet. who. together with Chas. A. Dana, chairman, formed the Eastern contingent. The agreement then made was in force for ten years. Wm. Henry Smith, appointed general manager by the new organization, made a successful attempt to extend the scope of the service. Telegraph wires were leased and operated by the organization, and many improvements generally were made. The employes of the associa- tion were more familiar with the technical side of telegraphy than with the intricacies of a good news report. Mr. Smith did everything possible to overcome this, but the resulting service could not be compared with the report furnished by the Associated Press to- day. Rival organizations of the Asso- ciated Press came into existence about this time because membership was more exclusive than it is to-day, and the de- connections abroad. With this in view an agreemeent was reached with the Renter agency and this, no doubt, proved very disastrous to the United Press. It was then realized that the Western Association would gain much by securing a base in New York City, and in co-operation with Victor F. Law- son, of the Chicago Daily News, 1 was able to induce Horace White, of the New York Evening Post; Joseph Pulitzer, of the World, and John Cockerill. of the Commercial Adver- tiser, to join the organization I repre- sented. Very shortly after this the Staats Zeitung, Morning Advertiser and the Brooklyn Eagle also joined the Western Association, and at a meeting held at Chicago the Associated Press was reorganized as a national institu- tion. In time Philadelphia papers. New itii:i;vii.i,i: s. STon-E. mands of the readers had become very insistent. With the Western Union Telegraph Co. the Associated Press had a contract which made it impossible for competing neAvs agencies or news asso- ciations to become very efficient. But the coming of other telegraph com- panies changed this. Promoted largely by the Boston Daily Globe and the Chi- cago Daily Herald, the United Press made its appearance, and allying itself with the Central News Agency of Lon- don, became quite a factor in the transmission of news to and in the United States. In 1892 a compromise between the Associated Press and the United Press was effecteed. But the Western Associated Press refused to sanction the agreement which had been entered into by the 'New Y^ork Asso- ciated Press, and for some time con- tinued business independently. It was at this time that I was elected general manager of the Western .Association. My ifirst effort in office was directed towards extending the Associated Press England papers and most of the New York dailies abandoned the United Press and joined the -Associated Press But the revenues of the organization did no longer meet the needs of the service. Deficits were frequent occur- rences, and, to meet them, and extend the work of the association, the mem- bers subscribed a large guarantee fund. The wisdom of this step was demon- strated immediately, and on .\pril 8, 1897, Mr. Dana, of the 'New Y'ork Sun, made a voluntary bankruptcy assign- ment in behalf of the United Press. On the same date between 200 and 300 members of the United Press were ad- mitted to membership in the Asso- ciated Press. A small number of papers for one rejson or another were either unwilling or unable to join the Associated Press, and this led, and is leading to-day, to the formation of news bureaus more or less efficient but hardly ever of a na- tional scope. In 1899 the Associated Press had some difficulty with one of its Chicago members, litigation ensued kind the Su- preme Lourt of Illinois finally rendered a decision adverse to the or.ganization. It became necessary to organize a new Associated Press, and on May 22, I'JOO, this new organization was incorporated under the laws of the State of New York. The Associated Press to-day covers a wider field than anv other similar in- stitution of its character. Its dispatches appear in daily publications having an aggregate issue of nearly twenty million copies, and the field covered includes not only the United States and its de- pendencies but all of Central .America and the islands of the Caribbean Sea. In addition, the organization maintains in many of the capitals of Europe ac- credited correspondents, and its repre- sentatives may be found in the big cities and principal ports of the civil- ized world. .An exchange of news is also carried on with the principal foreign news agencies and associations, such as the Renter agency, the Wolf service, the Havas bureau, the Stefani agency, the Fabri agency of Madrid, the Norsky agency of Christiania, the Swiss agency of Bern, the Svensky agency of Stock- holm, the Correspondence Bureau of Vienna, the Commercial agency of St. Petersburg and the .Agence Balcanique of Sofia. The operation of the Associated tress, while a familiar subject with many, is of enough interest to be re- ferred to here. Each of the 860 papers forming the membership of the asso- ciation exchanges its news with all other member publications by giving ac- cess to its reports to the representa- tives of the Associated Press. To make this possible a representative of the local office visits the various news- paper offices, where he scrutinizes the local news. In addition the As- sociated Press offices in all the larger cities get the local city new^s re- ports. Acquainted in this manner with what is going on, the office sends out its own reporter in cases where doine so seems necessary. The story in all cases is put on the leased wires without delay and reaches hundreds of tele- graph editors throughout the country within a few minutes. Associated Press oflSces are open twenty-four hours of the day. For administrative purposes the coun- try is divided into four divisions, each of these in charge of a* superintendent acting under the direction of the gen- eral manager. No less than 40.000 miles of telegraph wire are leased by the or- ganization and its expenditure reaches nearly $9,000 a dav throughout the year, an outlay which becomes much greater in emergencies such as war and disas- ters. AH wires of the association are oDerated by its own emnloyes. Trunk lines stretch from Halifax hv way of Boston, New York. Philadelpliia. Bal- timore. Cleveland, Pittsbura'h. Chicago, St. Louis. Detroit, Denver Kansas City. Salt T ake City, to Seattle. San Diego and San Francisco. Other main wires ex- tend from New York through Albany. Syracuse and Rochester to Bufl^alo. and from Chicago, Tndiananolis. Cincinnati. Louisville. Nashville, Atlanta, New Or- leans, Memphis, Snn Antonio and the City of Mexico. St. Paul. Dulnth and other points in the North and North- west nre reached from Chicago bv wav of Milwaukee. Publications in Penn- sylvania are served from Philadelphia. WhWt interior cities of Nebraska and Iowa. Kansas and Oklahoma are reached hy extensions from Kansas City. Other wires radiate from smaller centers, and in this manner the entire .American news field is covered. The (Cotiliiuicd eii fasc 58.) 66 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST The Newspaper Map in Boston Has Changed The Herald and Traveler now offer advertisers a circulation of 200,000 daily. The Sunday Herald has 100,000. The growth of these papers in the last two years has been extraordinary, but if you know Boston you know it is so. These papers are indispensable to any advertiser who would sell to the best part of New England. Local advertisers know this. Many national advertisers know it, but it takes a long time to convince all advertisers that things have changed. Meanwhile the advertiser who sees things as they are will give his clients greater service by recog- nizing the fact that the newspaper map in Boston has altered. Last month was the biggest March in display advertising in the records of the HERALD. The HERALD and TRAVELER- HERALD combined printed 395,685 agate lines display, a gain over March of last year of 96,456 agate lines. S. C. BECKWITH SPECIAL AGENCY NEW YORK CHICAGO ST. LOUIS 57 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST A Few Newspapers of Today Neglect of those requested to supply the necessary information ha s made it impossible for the editors to treat in extenso the newspapers of to-dav, leaving this department for later consideration. So huge an undertaking is this that only the co-operation of publishers and edi- tors could insure that degree of excellence which has been the aspiration of this issue. Six weeks ago letters asking publishers to furnish us with the data of their pul)lication were sent out. Same responded with the promptness necessary to insure use of the matter in this issue, The Editor and Puulisher hopes that other requests will meet the hearty response to be accorded such an effort for the common good of the press. people" the Republican has faithfully executive ability, but the basis of his interference vyas felt in the flooded dis- and steadfastly paid its promised al- genius lay in his insistence upon and tncts of Ohio and Indiana, various Ippianrp ' constant application of his motto, parts of the South, and the northern "Whatever you do, do well." He was part of the State of New York. Cir- a master of brief and terse condensa- cuits that are anything but short-cuts tion which he made one of the Repub- to points of destination are then estab- THE SPRINGFIELD REPUBLICAN. The Springfield Republican, whose name is a national synonym for clean, 'egiance. fearless and independent journalism, When the Daily Republican was was founded in 1824. In the first little started in 1844, the paper having four-page issue were stated the broad previously been a weekly, the editor J"" ."""■"jisVin^^shmg characteristics, lished, and within the space of often a principles upon which the Republican emphasized with italics the simple y ;, attention to detail has made few minutes the interrupted thread of promises that it would u^ » ..^..a ... paper." In that apparentlv trite state- '"£.,^'=g"'^"'=^,'' , , „ •„,„:„. n,, ' '^ .. - ''*'..•_ ... , xhe Samuel Bowles who inspired the vhat it is. ment lies the secret of the Republican's The Samuel «o v'« who '"sp-rert the success. It has been made '^ news- establishment of the Daily Republican broadest '" 1^44, and who died in 1878, paper" in the highest and sense of the term, alert and enterpri,s- ing in its search after news, printing the truth clearly and concisely and without fear or favor. By making it- self indispensable to all within its field it has won and held a platform from which to express its editorial opinions. The intelligence, breadth, fearlessness and force of its editorial page and the high quality of its literary features have in turn won for it a national and international audience. But the corner- stone on which the Republican is built is the abiding determination to make it better than any other paper any famous among other qualities for his (Conlinucd on t-agc 60.) THE ASSOCIATED PRESS. IContiiiiied from faijc m.) service also utilizes extensively the tele- phone and the radio-telegraph. Between New York City and Chicago three leased wires are operated at night and two bv day. making it possible for Philadelphia, Baltimore and other cities on this circuit to obtain a report of 60,000 words or fifty ordinary columns, roughly speaking, seven pages every ifTiere Vise, the needs' of its own intelli- dav. EIse\Vhere the report is not so gent and thrifty community; in short, voluminous, but hardly ever goes below to make it first of all the best local 15.000 and 20,000 words for each period newspaper in the world. of service, morning or evening. The Springfield, Mass.. is a busy, pros- operators of the Associated Press are pcrous city and railroad center of :"f,?_ °A5'''=?r'.!''l'L\"l'.^''"''°?3V"f 100,000 people, while its suburbs are sn SAinrEi; BOVrXES, 2a, 1797-1851, thickly settled that within a radius of fifteen miles from its center there is a population of over 2-50,000, Ihe Re- publican is moreover the local paper of Western Massachusetts and of the Con- necticut Valley, northward into Ver- mont and New Hampshire and south- vard into Connecticut, telligence. The same must be said of the editors and other employes of the organization. In addition to employing men of this high grade, the organiza- tion avails itself of every modern de- vice likely to facilitate t^he transmission of news. Whenever the occasion makes it necessary, special wires are leased and section fam- special trains and vessels have on many SAUUEI^ BOWI^ES, 4tli, 1797-1S51. Editor and publisher of Tlie Siprinfffield Republican Since 1'872. has been made the representative inde- ous'^for "its~rnt'elHge'nce and"prosperity. o^^easions been chartered. a story is again taken up. Very often pendent newspaper of America. "News- xhe Republican has, in fact, been In the larger cities, Where several occurrences of this kind are accom- papers when well conducted," read the humorously nicknamed "The Connect!- members of the association have to be panied by other demands upon the cr- editor's prospectus, "are at all times (-ut Valley Bible" and the name aptly supplied with a report, manifolding ganization. Special representatives have useful, not only as vehicles of general indicates the regard entertained for its processes are used to insure almost sim- to be hurried to the scene of the dis- intelligence but as safeguards to the opinions by its own local constituency, ultaneous distribution of the copy. So aster, and these men usually have to right and liberties of the people." That But jts svmpathies like its news are efificient is the equipment used by the exercise great ingenuity and resource- the publication of a great newspaper is world-wide.' It is alert to champion Associated Press, in a large measure its fulness in getting their report to the a public trust has been the hrst article every good cause. It is enriched with own invention, that within the space of nearest office. in the creed of those who have con- special letters from every quarter of the a few minutes as many as 3.000 copies The Associated Press bas obtained ducted the Republican from its first globe. Its aim is to mirror the whole of a news report may be reproduced. oflScial recognition in most civilized appearance to the present moment. Not field of its inclusiveness. while its Pneumatic delivery systems convey the countries, and bv means of its excellent to any party or to any special interests literary excellence is a bvword in jour- matter to the oflnces of the members, but "to the rights and liberties of the nalism', it is at the same time one of the Bulletin wir best of all papers in its news of athletic Press office . . sports. Its columns are filled with the larger cities, and over these is sent all work of trained minds studying every emergency matter in the transmission topic of public interest. of which even seconos count. The Republican has always bj;en con- To some extent the interference of methods secures not only all the news connect the Associated ^j home, but also abroad. ith every newspaper in the ducted by a Samuel Bowles. The sec ond that name in family descent and the founder of the Republican had learned the printer's trade and had some experience in nublishing a week! tVie elements is less felt by the Asso- ciated Press than perhaps any other in- stitution making such extensive use of telegraph lines. However, the resource- fulness of its offices is often severelv in Hartford. Conn,, when in 1824 taxed by the effort to overcome inter- ruptions, and it is nothing unusual, espe cially during the winter time, to have a report go thousands of miles before it reaches the member whose office of publication ma" be only 100 miles from the sending office. The great blizzard of 18,88 cut off all communication be- tween New York and Boston, and SAMUEI. BOWI^ES, The ffreat Sd, 1826-28, nape he had his modest outfit, consisting of handpress and tvpe. noled up the Con- necticut River on a flat boat to Spring- field. On Sept 8 of that year apneared the first issue of tbp Snringfield Repub- lican, then a weeklv. But the national fame and commanding nosition of the Republican are due nrimarilv to the work of Samuel Bowles, the third of sages, therefore, were sent from New the name and the second to conduct the York by cable to London, from London paper. In 1844, when but eiehteen to Canso, Nova Scotia, and from there vears of age- he enrourao-ed his father to they finally reached Boston. Jn ip02 found the Dailv Repubhran. He was everv wire between Boston and Phila- -nc of the great journalists who have delphia went down, and on this occa- shed honor "and luster on the nrofcs- sion special 'messengers, traveling by sion. He crowded into the fiftv-two train, delivered Associated Press tele- years of his life trf-mendous achieve- grams at these points. Almost every ment. making himself a national figure winter it is a daily occurrence for wires and firmlv establishing the Rennblican to be crippled on this continent, and to editor of the S) ISol to 1878, E .nternational fame ntfflpid as a great national newsnaper. He was keep up its line of communication CKABI^ES P. TAFT, a newspaper genius, with "a nose for not the least effort of the Associated ri^ninnati Tim^.: sit^ir news," a trenchant pen and a remarkable Press, Only a few weeks ago serious Owner of The Cinc.nnaU Times-Star, 58 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST J ^ THE WORLD'S >^^ CBEAIESI \_^ HEWSPAPER "^ ^OLOTIE LXXII.— NO. 80. O THtmSDAT. APRIL S. M13.— TNTENTY-SIX PAGES. * PRICE ONE CENT £™ BOOKS AND SPORT FREE FOR PUBLIC OF ONE BIG CITY Naif of Inhabitants Fall to Realize What Has Been Deneto Aid Welfare. SUMMARY OF THE NEWS. FLOOD AT CAIRO CRITICAL; WATER SURROUNDS CITY Letees Weakenlngand 'Women First' Order Is Posted; Dan gsr Warning Sent Ont, Ficlis Up 8elu;ees Um Uddsd Attic BEfort Leaving Oeserted Shaw- neclown, Hon SubmeigEd. LOW TARIFF MEN, Democratic Leaders Agree to Take Duty Off Many Goods, ' Reducing It on Oltiers. RAW WOOL TO BE FREE Bggts and Slides, Oressed Meats, and Other Products Placed id tlie Saiie Class. BDADUMEO TAX ON INCOMES )u8B£!£<^«g»r!^^«i«3^S!t>i9BSi^££!^£»:!^^lS<( ' The Tribune's " Sworn Statement Made Under New Postal Law. Dcmarcst Lloyd— 563 Boylstoa Street Henry D. Doyd— Grove HiU Avcoue. VOLUNTEERS DIE, BUTWINVIOTOEI Capture of Great Fort at Scu- tari Made Possible l>y 200 Heroes. 3LVKE "WAT TOE TROOPS, SOUTH PAR K OFF ICIAL SUED. 59 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST A FEW NEWSPAPERS OF TO-DAY. (CoiKiMiu-J from page 58.) ability as a trainer of younger jour- nalists. Many, who later became powers in the profession, gained their news- paper ideas and ideals under his exact- ing but inspiring leadership. The fame which the Republican then gained as a school for journalists it has maintained to this day. Associated with Mr. Bowles in the year of the mid-century when the Republican was leaping into strength and power, was Dr. J. G. Hol- land, the author and lecturer, many of whose best prose and poetical writings first appeared in the Republican. The present managing editor of the paper, Solomon B. Griffin, was trained by Mr. Bowles from 1872 to 1878. The present Samuel Bowles, fourth of the name and third to conduct the Republican, has been the publisher and editor-in-chief of the paper since he death of his father, in 1878. In that year he founded the Sunday Republican. Thus the Weekly Republican, which is still continued, was founded by Samuel Bowles in 1824, the Daily Republican by Samuel Bowles in 1844, and the Sun- day Republican by Samuel Bowles in 1878. Under the leadership of its present chief the Republican has undergone a notable development in its mechanical equipment, in its organization for the collection of news and in its circula- tion and recognized influence. In thirty years the process of producing a news- paper has been largely revolutionized by mechanical improvement, such as the telephone, the tvne setting machine and rapid presses. The Republican has been quick to take ad\'antage of all new op- Dortunities to give better public service. It has met each new public problem with vigor and sanity and has never ceased to break new ground. It has taken special nains tn produce an artistic and clean sheet typographically, excluding offensive cuts, and making both its ad- vertising and reading columns thor- oughly attractive. In recent vears the Republican has been a notably successful pioneer and ardent advocate in urging those munici- nal betterments, such as parks and play- grounds, public libraries and museums. which are becoming recognized the country over as of sound practical ad- vantage in health and ponular educa- tion. As for its stand on broader sub- ierts, with its growing influence it has held true to its first principles, it has kept independent in oolitics. and it has never permitted itself to become in any sense a class paper. It has been con- servative when conservatism has meant standing fast to the ideals on which the republic was founded, and in opposing the wave of imnerialism ; it has been radic'I when radicalism has meant de- manding for the people stricter control over their servants, whether public service corporations or individual offi- cials, and a jnster distribution of the country's PTOwing wealth. \ notable development in the Renub- lican's facilities for producing a first- class newspaper was the extensive en- largement and radirni imnrovement of its plnrt in IflTO-lPin. Its office build- ing of briclc and terra cotta, on one of themost prominent "-orners of the main business streets of Springfield, which is the property of the paper, was at that time_ rai5»d from three stories to five stories. The improvement=! involved an expenditure of some Son.nOft and took nearly a year to complete. The paper is no\v provided with admirable accom- modations for all of its various depart- ments. The Republican maintains the price of Hs dailv issue at three cents a cony or $8 a vear. and it gives its readers the worth of their monev in tbe quality as we'l as the nuantitv of the product Its dailv ipc'ie i= now rommonlv twenty na<'es. The Sundav Republican is us- ually of thirtv-two nan-es, but often more^ The lousiness of the paper grows steadilv from vear to year, and a large proportion of tbe increasing revenue is expended every year in improving the character of the sheet by the strength- ening and expansion of its news service, and the development of its various at- tractive features. THE BOSTON GLOBE. "The changes in the Boston press since 1873," writes Gen. C. H. Taylor, "have been many and some of them have been startling. When I came to the Globe, Messrs. Andrews, Pulsifer and Haskell were the owners of the Boston Herald. Col. Charles O. Rogers, who has built the Boston Journal and made it the most successful newspaper in New England as long as he lived, had I think I may fairly say that I, with my associates, have built up the Globe and have created its own constituency and business without trying to capture the patronage of or endeavoring to un- dermine any other newspaper. "In the fifty-one years that I have been connected with the Boston news- papers, we have always had substantially the same problems that are now under discussion. There were many persons yearning for the ideal newspaper fifty- one years ago, and they have continued to yearn for it to this day ; but the ideal newspaper has never been published. W. B. WEA.-B/S1. been dead about four years, and Col. W. W. Clapp had succeeded him. Col. Charles G. Greene was the editor of the Post ; Colonel Worthington was still the head of the Traveler; E. F, Waters was business manager and Mr. Goddard the editor of the Daily Advertiser. Henry W. Dutton & Son were the own- ers of the Transcript, and Daniel M. Haskell was the able editor. "The management of all of these papers has changed, some of them many times. Several of Ihem have been sold to new owners at different periods; but the Globe has gone steadily forward with 'malice toward none and charity for all.' 60 "In the forty years that I have been in control of the Globe most of the prin- cipal advertisers of Boston to-day have been building up their establishments and have made their great successes. I am proud to say that nearly every one of them is a personal friend of mine. I here and now acquit them of any at- tempt to control me or the Globe. "I can assure those of our friends who are filled with the fear that adver- tisers and the interests will control the movements, opinions and news of the prosperous and independent press, that they need not lose any more sleep over the Globe. Advertisers and readers alike know that they will be treated with ab- solute fairness by the Globe, because that is the bed-rock basis on which this newspaper has been conducted for forty years and it is the rule which will guide it in the years to come. "The shrewd observer of newspapers and of human nature must have seen that the natural temperament of the editor determines the tone of the news- paper he controls. Joseph Pulitzer, who I think was the greatest journalist this country has known, had a com- bative, imperious temper. "On the other hand, George W. Childs, of Philadelphia, a strong man in every sense, as those who knew him well can testify, was an entirely different type from Mr. Pulitzer. y[^. Childs had a cheery, optimistic, friendly disposition toward everybody. "Now. I am inclined to think that my temperament is more like that of Mr. Childs' than of Mr. Pulitzer's. My aim has been to make the Globe a cheer- ful, attractive and useful newspaper that would enter the home as a kindly, help- ful friend of the family. My tempera- ment has always led me to dwell on the virtues of men and institutions rather than upon their faults and limitations. Aly disposition has always been to help build up rather than to join in tearing down. My ideal for the Globe is and always has been that it should help men, women and children to get some of the sunshine of life, to be better and happier because of the Globe. I have no fault to find with those who take the opposite course, because we all usually work out our temperaments, as given to us in our cradles, until we reach the end of life. "I have always welcomed criticism from any reader, even if scribbled with a pencil on a post card, as well as from those who have achieved success and prominence in some one of the various avenues of endeavor. During my years of intimate acquaintance with Mr. Pul- itzer and Mr. Childs I appreciated and benefited by their criticisms and suggestions. To-day I am glad to profit by the experience and views of James Gordon Bennett, who succeeded his father in the conduct of the New York Herald in 1S72, and has maintained its prestige as one of the great newspapers of the world ; Victor F. Lawson, of the Chicago News ; M. E. Stone, general manager of the Associated Press ; William Randolph Hearst, of several cities; Colonel Nelson, of the Kansas City Star; Samuel Bowles, of the Springfield Republican ; Clark Howell, of the Atlanta Constitution, and many other men of distinction among my con- temporaries. The commanding positions they have achieved makes their opinions peculiarly valuable. "Perhaps my mind is not as receptive as it should be toward a certain type of faultfinders in the newspaper business, but I am sure I shall be glad to listen to them when they have either created a newspaper or shown their capacity to conduct one successfully. I fear, how- ever, that their only hope lies in a reali- zation of their fond dream of an en- dowed newspaper and a liberal appro- priation. 'T admit that an endowment would have been an inestimable boon to me in the first six years of my connection with the Globe, when my great and con- stant difficulty was to meet the weekly payroll, for some sixty men and their families were depending on me to pro- vide the means of paying their grocers' and butchers' bills. I could stand off creditors in general with a cheerful non- chalance after a little practice of that art ; but these people depended on me for their living, and I am glad to say that 1 never failed them. "After prosperity came (following a loss of $60,000 a year for five years), that nightmare of the payroll passed away and gave me more time to develop the general business of the paper. I am proud now of the fact that we have 1,000 men working for the Globe and support- ing their families in comfort. "They are as united and happy a (^Continued on page 64.) THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST^ THE AVERAGE DAILY SWORN CIRCULATION OF THE KNICKERBOCKER PRESS LAST WEEK WAS 42.847 The Tri-Cily Daily and Sunday Newspaper THE KNICKERBOCKER PRESS '1ST YEAR— NO Y . FRIDAY APRU- < PRICE ONE CENT First Working Girl Queen Was Eeal One FORmSLAYERl: Forlv-fight Hour Search tori; Clew Is Fruitless. Coun'v r NO MOTIVE ESTABLI Under Sheriff. Myster Summoned Sy Strang Has Not Reported. 6LAIN MAN f^AREO TO eE . FEAR POWER IROSl KEEPS CANAL POWER! Friends of Capitol District Measure 'Alarmed at Fail- ll READY FOR DINNER! i , . ySS^hv i m.^J iH~»^i^^l iCgNTlNWKO ON PAnih wHTcf. on r^ -imo RtiM (-,nrt.Uiioi1 11 joW in The Kmicker m«t ibe «lui»Uon. Th li'^'/w ''.^"c^f"""'' P-i.i* VltVnj- BOCKEX Pbem 6HIP WRECKED; SPECIMENS SAPC tiilu~-oro-l "'•> 'n rrkao'wkda* For Sunefoy, Apnl 6, Special t>v Ltasea Wtre. '^'*i;;;^;»r.'^'"' ^^.?'^^" ?'■"■- ' ll« iX *"" ^*^"' ""^ ^° ""* -""iW^'tinuS? *-.n V:'"a j^Bifrr .d«m.rtk« >«tnjKb. by -Ik Jo«L PeBUCIRIAKIF IWILl Senate Orders Open Hearings Before Its Judiciary Committee. IMODY AS PROSECUTOR irnev General Will Present ise to Courts If Develop- ments Justifj. ' 61 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST The Wattersonian Creed, We are living in an epoch no( of miracles, but of mechanics ; of mallitujinous social, scienlific. and professional complexi- lies. anVi4?X^J ERS PHOTO EN(PVING( Advertising and Super-Adyertising This suggests Shaw and others who wrote about a superman — miles ahead of the average man. Here is a sim- ile from Adland, Memphis, Tenn., is a shopping cen- tre for almost half a million people; a jobbing centre and a shipping bull's-eye for 17 railroads and 175 Mississippi steamers. She has 125 acres of warehouse space for cotton alone. Her weekly bank clearings exceed over seven million dollars. Surely a Super-'_ity ! The newspaper situation there is dominated absolutely by the Memphis Commercial Appeal It is one of the fcv newspapers known and quoted all over the coun- try. It has the Associated Press, the HeLrst and the Herald news service — more than any metropolitan paper .'.aims. The MEMPHIS COMMERCIAL APPEAL is read by 95% of the lo- cal newspaper readers. 97% of this circulation is carriec'-right-into-the- hon-.js. For January to April 1st, 1913, the circulation averaged 56,512 daily and 80,048 Sunday. The Advertising lead of the COM- MERCIAL APPEAL is just as over- whelming, with a gain of 376,138 lines in 1912, and a total of 8,983,618 lines; leading in foreign, local and classified business. Surely a Super-Paper with which yc: can cover a Super-City! Here is your opportunity for super-adver- tising with super-results. The WEEKLY COMMERCIAL APPEAL is the foremost farm pa- per of the Mississippi valley. Circu- lation, 98,406 copies. Let us show you the distribution by States. THE MEMPHIS COMMERCIAL APPEAL. THE JOHN BUDD COMPANY Brunswick Eldg., New Yorlc; Tribune Bldg., Cliicago; Chemical Bldg., St. Louis. At your service, any time, anywhere. rectors were elected to serve for the ensuing year; R. A. Brush, Thomas Macdonald, F. G. Potter, A. J. Beck- with, R. A. Turner, J. H. Carson and F. I. Carruthers. Famous Women of History. The Willis J. Abbot Co., of New York, has published the Abbot articles on "Famous Women of History," which have had wide publicity throughout the country during the past five months, in book form for circulation promotion. The volume, handsomely bound in cloth, illustrated, contains 448 pages and s'hould be a big coupon seller. The New Advertising Building. The drawings of the new $2,800,000 building to be erected for the use of the advertising men of New York by the Pennsylvania Railroad Co., at Thir- ty-third street and Seventh avenue, were placed on exhibition at the Na- tional Printing, Publishing, Advertising and Allied Trades Show at the Grand Central Palace this week. Later the pictures will he held at the headquarters of the Eastern Division of the A. A. C. of A., at 200 Fifth avenue, as a perma- nent exhibit. Hats, Millinery — and Newspapers As a head covering, millinery is not a success. It is beautiful some- times, most always expensive and expansive. It reaches -ut into empty space, sideways and upward instead of just covering her coiffure. The hat is more efficient. It cov- ers the head. It serves no other .jurpose. It is economical in cost. This parallel also exists between newspapers. Some belong in the mil- linery class. But the Syracuse Journal is a "hat" newspaper. L covers the field economically, efficiently. The SYRACUSE JOURNAL has 7 larger City Circulation than any other local paper— over 30,000. The SYRACUSE JOURNAL also has a larger local circulation in Oi- wego with 23,368 people, and Ful- ton, with 10,480 people, than all other papers combined. The tot:. 1 circul: on of the SYRACUSE JOURNAL for the .ast six months of 1912 averaged -j,743 copiej. All this is in .vhat war cor. :- spondents would call "s'riking di-;- tance" of the local stores. The out-of-town readers of the SYRACUSE JOURNAL are not hidden along the by-ways, where the R. F. D. carrier once a day forms the only disturbance in the land- scat e. Let us tell you r.ore about the difference between h:.t-newspapers and millinery-newspapers, also about th^ Syracuse situation. THE SYRACUSE JOURNAL THE JOHN BUD'i COMPANY Advertising Representatives lunswick Bldg., New York; Tribun Bldg., Chicago; Chemical Bldg., St. Louis. it your service, any time, anywhere. i Local National Advertising < us. ( National Local To reach 2$% of the homes in any town is impossible through general publications. But there's hardly a newspaper that doesn't reach more in its local field. To reach less isn't a campaign, but a skirmish. It brings no de- cisive victory. Skiinming a ter- ritory is worse than skipping it — also more expensive. Thoroughness of circulation is possible only through Newspapers They are the only mediums that can carry your whole story where you want it, when you want it, as often and as quickly as you want it. Newspapers permit perfect dovetailing between sales and ad- vertising departments. Your newspaper advertising reaches not only the consumer, but also the dealer — and in his favorite medium. National Advertising through newspapers excels aU other methods in economy. For example, $4,000 buys 10 million newspaper circulation for a 200 line one time ad. _ The same buy in so-called National Mediums costs $10,000. Newspaper advertising is free from the "duplication" bugaboo. Newspaper advertising reaches all the adults of the family. We represent good news- papers in a score of the leading cities of the land, and it is our business to supply those inter- ested with every kind of infor- mation obtainable about each of those papers and the field it oc- cupies. THE JOHN BUDD COMP.\NY Advertising Rcfresentativcs, Brunswick Bldg., New York; Tribune Bldg., Chicago; Chemical Bldg., St. Louis. .4t your service, any time, anyvlicre. 69 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST The Engineer and the Newspaper. By HENRY A. WISE WOOD. I have never understood why there should be conflict between the idealist and the materialist. It has always seemed to me that both are necessary to the progressive life which modern civilization demands, and that in the evolution of social development one sup- plements the other. The idealist deals with form, and the materialist with sub- stance. The former conceives new shapes into which old things should be put, and eventually, though perhaps grudgingly, the materialist accepts the version of the idealist, and reshapes the substance of things to conform with it. It has seemed to me, as I have said, that there should be no conflict between the two, that they should Avork not only together, but that each forepushing individual should strive to combine in himself the spirits of the idealist and the materialist, that he may create new .and useful forms and embody them in living substance. It is upon the work of such men that our inuustrial life of the present day rests. Had they not lived in the past we should now be with- out the vast enginery that enables what many believe to be an over-peopled world to thrive robustly, to live in com- fort, and to enjoy varieties of happiness never before known. The man who first conceived a wheel and made it, the man who first thought of a sail and spread it, and the man who first beheld power in rushing water and thrust a wheel into its torrent, were idealists and materialists both. So also was the man who first substituted other pjwer for human energy, as well as he who induced mechanism to replace hu- man effort and skill in the production of useful things. Out of the work of these men, and of others innumerable, has come the vast enginery of our present state; an enginery without which life, as_ we know it. would be inconceivable. Did we suddenly lose our knowledge of the various sources of power which we employ, and of the transmission of that power, and the science of auto- maticity by means of which we are en- abled to set it to work, such a cataclysm would occur as is nowhere recorded in history. While even among primitive ancient peoples simple implements were made and used, such as the axe, the hammer, and the saw, the fire stick, the drill, and the bow, and later there developed more complex devices, it cannot be said that there ever existed until modern times, even in rudimentary form, the science of mechanical engineering. True, in Egypt and China ancient stone struc- tures are to be found which could not have been rea^red without the aid of me- chanical contrivances for lifting heavy weights, and from medieval times there have come down to us many devices of great ingenuity; still it was not until the eig'hteenth century, in Europe, that there appeared a class of engineers who were devoted to civil rather than mili- tary projects. The science of industrial engineering may be said then to have begun. By the nineteenth century engineering had become civilian profession, and early in that century the Institute of Civil Engineers was founded, at Lon- don, for the purpose of promoting "the art of directing the great sources of power in nature for the use ,and con- venience of man." Later, specialization set in, and a class of mechanical engi- neers sprang into existence; and it is with the work of these men that we are principally concerned. Water and wind, ,at this time, fur- nished the only motive power easily available to man — power that had lit- erally to be used on the spot. But with the advent of the steam engine the opportunity of the engineer ar- rived, and taking advantage of this simple contrivance he soon created a new order of being — \:he automatic machine — which has since become man's greatest servitor. The lever, the screw, and the toothed wheel, the turn- ing axle, the cam, the spring, and the toggle had come out of the immemo- rial past; nevertheless, they were but miserable contrivances until the nine- teenth century arrived, when they were conjured into co-operative relationship by the engineer, and touched into life by steam. Then, and not until then, may it be said that our age — the age of automaticity — began. With the discovery that various me- chanical elements could be combined in such a way that intricate manual opera- tions could be imitated, the science of engineering soon spread among various crafts. And no one of these was so im- portant as that of printing. When the first engineer of the new era looked into this art he found that it lay bound by of 200 impressions an hour, ;as the ex- pression of man's greatest skill in the achievement of mechanical printing! Then entered the mechanical engineer, the idealist and materialist, who gath- ered together the elements of his new art, and, breathing into them the life of his but recently discovered artificial mo- tive power, achieved the power-driven automatically operated printing press, which, of all his contrivances, has since become the one upon which the happi- ness of the race most surely depends. From the iron hand-press of the early nineteenth century, used by the London Times until 1814, step rapidly followed step until automatic printing had been achieved. Koenig, in 1810, substituted the sheet-carrying cylinder for the platen ; while Applegath and Cowper set their type-bearing printing cylinder to work upon the London Times in HEBTSS' A. WIBE 'VOOD. great natural and governmental restric- 1827. Thus, during the first quarter of tions. It was practised with the crudest the new century, the speed of printing of devices — a wooden press, worked by arose from 200 impressions an hour to hand, the sheet being laid on and off in 5,000. By 1848 the rate of production the same fashion, and its type daubed by had grown to 10,000 impressions an a boy with ink balls. If it be said that hour, and by 1857, throu,S(h the work of the education of the time had demanded Hoe, to 20,000. In the '60s came the nothing better, I must reply that human Bullock, and later the Walter press — intellects were as hungry then as now, prototypes of the newspaper rotary per- but that owing to its high cost, print — iecting press of to-day. Then, for the the food of thought — was beyond the first time, printing cylinders were reach of the people. clothed with curved cast printing plates; Paper was first made in the second and an endless sheet of paper was first century, the printing of simple texts oc- utilized in the work of printing a news- curred in the sixth, and printed books paper continuously, and this was effect- appeared in the tenth, while in the elev- ed upon both its sides at a single oper- enth century movable types, made of ation. In 1870 an automatic folder was clay, were "employed, and the seven- attached to a press, when it may be said teenth saw printing done in various col- that the newspaper-maKing machine of ors — I am here giving the history of the the present day had arrived. In seventy art in China. As the fruit of all these years, therefore, more had been accom- centuries of Oriental progress, and of plished in solving the problems of those which had transpired in Europe, printing by mechanical means than in the nineteenth century opened with a the foregoing thirteen centuries, screw press, worked by hand at the rate This tremendous acceleration of prog- 70 ress, I submit, was not due primarily to the thirst of the time for information, and its ability to acquire it through the medium of type. It was due principally to the achievements of those who, hav- ing grasped the secrets of mechanism, possessed the genius to xoresee benefi- cial ways in which they could be applied to the art oi printing, and the ability to create practical structures for carrying them into effect. Other engineers than those directly engaged in developing the printing ma- chine made contributions which were no less vital to the newspaper printers' art. Robert, in France, in 1798, invent- ed the first machine for making paper, which later was developed by Foudri- nier in England. Had it not been for the work of these men, who provided means for making paper in continuous lengths, the newspaper printing machine could not have passed from the hand- fed to the roll-fed state. And had it not been for the discoveries of Della- gana, and others, the art of stereotyp- ing would not have come to the assist- ance of the printer. If the paper web brought to his machine a higher veloci- ty and a smaller operating cost, the stereotj'ped plate enabled him to multi- ply his printing machines indefinitely until he should have enough to meet the demands of his readers, however great. The discovery of stereotyping, upon which the success of the modern news- paper depends, freed the printer at a single step from the thraldom of the type page, which theretofore had denied him a rate of production greater than could be obtained from a single form of type. Other engineers had brought to perfection the mechanical elements which composed the anatomy of the press ; while others still had created tools which assured their economical manufacture. Metallurgists, too, had been at work, as well as the makers of pigments. So, it may be said the news- paper-making machine of 1870 was the child of many men, working in various branches of physical science, each of whom had contributed something of which he himself was the master. In the early '80s America took over from Europe the work of carrying for- ward the evolution of the printing press, and its related devices. Here the col- lecting cylinder, which gathers together the circumferential product of the printing press, was discovered by Tuck- er, who also invented, coincidental^ with Campbell, the rota.y folder, by means of which great speed in folding sheets transversely is possible ; and here the stationary longitudinal folder was adapted to the newspaper press by Crowell, who also contributed to it the rotary delivery, devices essential to the celerity of newspaper printing. Here, also, the sheet-turning bar, which had been invented in England, was first used to associate the two narts of a split web; while the genius of Tucker and Crowell flowered finally in the construc- tion of the composite printing machine, by means of wliich several streams of paper may be simultaneously worked up into printed products having pages va- riable in number at will. Thus, in but little more than eighty years, the ca- pacity of the printing press had passed from 200 flat sheets an hour, printed upon but one side, to 24,000 sixteen- paged folded newspapers, which could be sold at a cent apiece. Simultaneously with automatic print- ing had come into being the electric telegraph and the telephone; while means of transportation, afloat and ashore, had passed under the dominion of steam. These agencies, and the post, placed the newspaper in possession of channels of information and transporta- tion such as it had never known. With aids such as these, with the highly de- veloped mechanisms of printing then at THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST AN AUDIT THAT IS DIFFERENT AND HOW IT IS DIFFERENT The circulation audit of the Annual and Directory is distinctive. To have it adds to the standing of any publication. When the buver of ne\Yspaper advertising space sees that a publisher has had his circulation certi- fied to by the American Newspaper Annual and Directory, his mind is assured as to the quality of what he is buying. In the book which he is consulting the buyer has access to an actual reproduction of the audit certificate given such a publisher. The space buyer knows that the period reported on is nine months — a term sufficiently long to cover the lean and fat of a year, and therefore of far more significance than an audit lor brieter periods selected in order to "put the best foot forward." He knows also that all the audits in the Annual and Du-ectory are based on a period of nine months, which uniformity gives him a far better chance to compare one circulation with another and to reach a fair result. He knows, too, that the standards by which audit results are reached are exacting as well as uni- form; that they are all based on the following definition of circulation: CIRCULATION. The average number of complete copies of all regular issues for a given period, exclusive of left over, unsold, returned, file, sample, exchange or advertiser's copy. The space buyer knows that the publisher pays for this audit — il is not something that has been given him, and this outlay is rightly regarded as evidence of the publisher's desire, not mere willing- ness, to teli exactly what 'he has and to verify the telling by the work and word of others who are especially qualified to act in that capacity. Another distinctive feature of this audit is the valuable automatic publicity which it supplies. So far this year more than 150 difi'erent advertising agents have purchased the book in which these audits appear; their purpose, of course, being to get information which the book provides. Last year more than 1,000 others, aside from agents and from publishers, bought this same book for this same purpose. It will be seen that the actual results of the American Newspaper Annual and Du-ectory audit are carried to the men who buy the newspaper and magazine advertising space of the country; while the fact that a publication has had such an exacting audit gives it a standing which no other action of a similar character can bestow. For other particulars consult the American Newspaper Annual and Directory N. W. AYER & SON, Publishers PHILADELPHIA The following publications had their circulations audited for the 1913 edition of the Annual and Directory: Akron Beacon Journal Albany Knickerbocker Press Boston American Canton, Today's Magazine Chicago, Boyce's Weeklies " Woman's World Denver Rocky Mountain News Hartford Times Houston Post Kansas City Star " " Packer Los Angeles Examiner Memphis Commercial Appeal ■' News Scimitar Mobile Register Montreal Family Herald and Weekly Star Star Xew Orleans Times-Democrat Xew York, Associated Sunday ^Tagazines Globe and Commer- cial Advertiser Xew York. Illustrated Lesli( Weekly Life People's Home Jour- nal Oakland Tribune Philadelphia Bulletin " Record Portland Oregonian " Telegram St. Paul Dispatch-Pioneer Press St. Paul, Farmer's Dispatch Salt Lake City Herald-Republican San Antonio Express Light Seattle Times Tacoma Ledger " News Toledo Blade \'ancouver Province Washington Sta" 71 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST its command, and the low cost of pa- per, which resulted from the introduc- tion of wood fiber, journalism began the tremendous stride forward which has been one of the most remarkable social and industrial developments of the past quarter century. Thereafter, as contributary devices of inestimable value, there came iVlergen- thaler's linotype, and the autoplate. With the arrival of the linotype the slow we may say only that in typesetting we shall never, probably, revert to the prac- tise of handling individual characters; that, probably, the printing plate will continue to link the work of the com- positor with that of the pressman; and that, probably, in the future, as in the past, the latter will use roll-paper and ink. Further, no thoughtful observer dare go. Taking a nearer view we may confi- dently say this, however : That the com- posing room and foundry, in which the most recent engineering developments have occurred, are, scientifically speak- ing, far in advance of the pressroom. That the latter represents the science of HXLTOir V. BSOWK. Indianapolis News. Th work of setting type by hand gave way to its five-fold more rapid composition by the aid of a machine. By its reduc- tion of the time and cost incident to typesetting this devic" enabled the printer correspondingly to increase the bulk of his newspaper, and immeasura- bly facilitated the handling of news and advertisements. The autoplate trans- formed the process of making stereo- typed printing plates from one that was slow and laboriously performed by hand to another which was automatically car- ried out with great celerity. The one invention increased the productivity of the compositor five-fold; the other mul- tiplied that of the resulting type page four-fold. With the introduction of the autoplate, in 1900, the century closed. At its opening the nineteenth century boasted hand-made type, set by hand, and a wooden screw press capable of printing 200 "sides" an hour, as the highest exoression of the mechanical genius of the time. At it= close it pos- sessed huge establishments accustomed to turn out daily issues of many-paged newspapers, weli up in the hundreds of thousands of conies, their processes of mianufacture performed by machines of incredible swiftness and accuracy. There is nowhere to be found in the annals of engineering a more glorious chapter than that which records the gifts of in- calculable value made to the printer during these hundred years. The first decade of the twentieth cen- tury made no substantial contribution to newspaper engineering. Its progress chiefly affected the improvement of ex- isting devices and methods. Perhaps its most important achievement was the in- troduction of the monotype type-making and setting machine to the newspaper printery, which enabled the printer to abandon founder's tyne and hand set- ting in the composition of headings and complicated matter to which the linotype was not then adaoted. The second decade, however, through which we are now nassing. has opened more auspiciously. Its first achievement i^ the invention of a ?tereotyper's drv flong. to he used in making matrices of type forms, which mav be molded in its drv state without suhject'ng ^he tvpe to heat, and "=pd instantiv thereafter for casting. This discoverv still fur- ther reduces the time intervening be- tween the rece'Pt of news and its pub- lication. It simolifies the nroccss of plate making. ?nd .aids the general movement towards imoroved typography which has become the fasliion among ne"'snapers. Thus, with the introduction of the "drv matrix," history ends, and we turn from the nast to the future, asking our- selves what it holds. Are there still ••evolutionprv chansres ahead? If so. in which den?rtment of the newspaper are thev first likelv to occur? Or. have we reached a point at which we may consider the prevailing V'nds of appa- ratus to he permanent? To these ques- tions no certain answers can be made; PRESS ASSOCIATIONS. The quarterly meeting of the Maine Publishers' Association was held at Riverton recently. The Associated Press service and other matters of interest to the assembled newspaper men were dis- cussed. Those present were: Edward B. Lyman, Warren C. Jefferds, Oscar R. Wish, president of the association; William H. Dow, secretary ; L. B. Cos- tello, of Lewiston, treasurer; M. R. Har- rigan, Walter B. Reid, W. A. Pidgin, Col. Charles H. Prescott, E. K. Mor- rell, Frank B. Nichols. Frank S. INIor- ton, of Portland ; Edward B. Lyman, New England correspondent of the As- sociated Press, and Warren C. Jefferds, the Maine correspondent. ROBERT WICKHAM NELSON. A movement is under way to reor- anize the Bridgeport (Conn.) Press Club and another movement has been reported towards the institution of a branch of the News Writers' Union in that city. The California State Editorial Ass ciation will meet in annual session CHARI-ES H. TATI-OB, JB. The Boston Globe, engineering as it was practised over a quarter of ^a century ago, and that, as the point of greatest pressure is now being felt in the pressroom, the need for reconstruction urgently lies there. So much, at least, is clearly apparent, and even were I not familiar with facts that warrant me in saying a pronounced advance in the newspaper printing ma- chine is about to occur, I should never- theless unhesitatingly prophesy that the next forward step in engineering prog- San Diego for four davs, beginning ress may be expected to occur in the May 3. Every minute of the stay of the printing room. editors, except that devoted to business sessions, will be enlivened by entertain- MISSOURI PRESS CONFERENCE, ments, in which the united forces of San Publishers to Discuss Many Topics at University Meeting, May 14. A conference of publishers of the near-city dady newspapers of Missouri will be held May 14 during journalism week at the University of Missouri, Co- H£BBEBT I^. BBIDOMAN. Ttie Broolvlyn Standard-Union. Diego will have a part. There will be auto rides for the editors, visiting Point Loma, the old missions, the Mexican border and the beaches, under the direc- tion of the Chamber of Commerce. A big booster banquet will be given, prob- ably followed by a dance. There will also be visits to the grounds of the Pan- ama-Exposition. Several hundred news- paper men and women are expected to be in the party of writers and publishers, headed by Friend W. Richardson, presi- dent of the association. AMOIT a. CABTEB. Tile Fort Worth Star-Telegram lumbia, to discuss topics of interest to ; publishers of that State. At a meeting ot the Pittsburgh Pub- Some of the subjects include the de- Hcity Association last week the Vigil- velopment of home advertising; plans ance Committee announced that they for bringing more foreign advertising ; would get busy and formulate plans for circulation methods and problems; how action agamst fraudulent advertisers to get a just advertising rate; how to and would be in readiness soon to pro- combat the press agent and the charity ceed against anyone violatmg the law advertising evil. just passed. 72 .... President of the American Type Founders Company. R. W. Nelson commenced publishing in 1877, in Braidwood, 111., where he owned a small weekly. Later on, with ilessrs. Ferris and Hall, he established tne Joliet News. While in Joliet he de- cided to enter the "patent inside" field in Chicago, and from this enterprise the American Press -Association was de- veloped by Nelson, Smith & Cummings. In the American Press Association Mr. Nelson, after organizing the first head- quarters plant in Chicago, during which time he invented and patented the base used to hold the .\. P. A. plates, as- sumed the position of field manager and personally started the branches in Boston, Buffalo, Cincinnati, St. Louis, St. Paul, Des Moines fafterwards moved to Omaha) and .\tlanta. He su- perintended the erection and develop- ment of the New York plant when headquarters were established in that city. During this period, when the foundations of a great publishing suc- cess were laid, he made the acquaintance of hundreds of publishers. In 1804 'Mr. Nelson became a director of the .Ameri- can Type Founders Co., when its af- fairs were in a precarious condition. M the solicitation of friends whose means Type Pounder Co. were embarked in that company, he ac- cepted the position ot general manager, and finally became president, after putting the company on a dividend pay- ing basis. The American Type Foun- ders Co. is a highly efficient and enter- prising manufacturing and merchandis- ing organization — a model commercial and artistic institution. .As it stands it is the creation of its president, who continues to actively determine its pol- icy and supervise its larger activities. Robert W. Nelson was born in Gran- ville, Washington County, N. Y., in 1851. He resides on an extensive farm near Westfield, N. J. His hobby is to lead the fashions in type and do a little farming on the side. "SNOODLES" is a precocious baby boy — just full of Old Nick — the creation of Hun- gerford, who has a lively sense of humor. Y'ou'll like Snoodles. It's clean, wholesome fun — which ac- counts perhaps for the big demand for this seven-column comic fea- ture in mats. World Color Printing Co. ST. LOUIS, MO. Established 1900 R. S. GRABLE. Mgr. THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST It Leads Them All in Western New York THE BUFFALO TIMES NORMAN E. MACK, Publisher. THE story of a newspaper, at least the story of an American newspaper, is very apt to be the chronology of some one man's life work. Its ups and downs, its periods of depres- sion and its flashes of great accomplish- ment, its persistent and quiet days of steady plodding forward to better methods and to firmer foundation, all frequently are part of the career of the founder and proprie- tor. It is in this way that The Buffalo TIMES, evening and Sunday, is linked with the personal his- tory of its proprietor, Norman E. Mack, Democratic National committeeman of New York State and now the publisher of the National Month- ly and a number of other publications be- sides his newspapers. As a young man who had been trained in the advertising 9 ' ^^^^ Buffalo Evening Times ^ HArt>£tlFED CHy of ^^uffalo at a Standstill While Both Sides in^ig Street Car Strike Stand Fjrnti. STATF Wn I ^'iT^o^ALblARDmooPisciTn:kJ\L cRci\DS STTLWEUL AIDE START PRORF " '^"^^J- "^ ""^ coLDSPj,nG crbw-. ^ GOES BACK ON TOMO^OW ^^t-^S:m^' Mm M^:^Wm HIS TESTIMONY business and who early had his first experience as a newspaper publisher in Jamestown, N. Y., Mr. Mack located in Buffalo and The Buffalo Sunday TIMES was born. Its first issue was Septem- ber 7, J 879. The Sunday TIMES was not ushered into the world with any silver spoon in its mouth, but it was blessed with a sound con- stitution and an abundance of vigor and from the first it thrived. Four years later The Buffalo Sunday TIMES branched out and September J 3, 1883, the daily joined in its career. For a short period the daily was a morning paper. December 2, 1 886, it was changed to a penny afternoon paper. It has remained such since. In policy THE TIMES started as an in- dependent newspaper politically. It always has been independent in its views but since the Cleveland campaign of 1884- it has been con- sistently Democratic in its politics. There is a saying that nothing succeeds like success. Maybe that is because success is a certain guaranty of efficiency. A newspaper's business is to give the news, and success in that attracts to its reve- nues through adver- tising. The success of THE TIMES is attested not only by its large circulation of over 65,000 Evening and Sunday, but by its advertising columns. For several years past THE TIMES has printed more display advertising each year than any other seven-day newspaper in Buffalo. THE TIMES' record last year was 3t7,576 agate lines more than its nearest competitor, the Buffalo News. The efficiency of THE TIMES' columns are proved by this and by the constant gain made in adver- tising. It published 327,446 lines more in 19 J2 than the previous year and thus far J 9 1 3 has shown gains over 1912. In the past three years, especially, THE TIMES has had a phenomenal growth. It has forged to the front at a greater rate, grew more than any other newspaper in Buffalo ever did in JO years. It still is growing. And a thing that nobody in the establishment is allowed to forget is that it must keep right on grow- ing — and it will. _J 7? Night is the voice of a constituency as distinct and as critical and as loyal as any in the United States. Saturday Night is doing for Michigan what Col- lier's and Harper's are doing for the THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST the auspices of Bagg, Barns & Co. On things of the last decade is the revela- of humor and by a system of economy June L'-J the lirm name was changed to tion of the possibilities of weekly jour- that rnakes a modern efficiency expert Harmon, Brodhead & Co., with Thorn- nalism in cities, as exemplified by the look like a bush leaguer, the experi- ton F. Brodhead as editor. April 1, history of the Detroit Saturday Night, menters hung on, and one day the sky 18,11. there came another change of There is nothing like it in the United began to clear. 1 here have been storm owners, when Jacob Barns, S. M. John- States. clouds m the same region once or twice son and T. I''. Brodhead formed the That paper came into being primarily since, but the light has never tai.erj, and partnership of Barns, Brodhead & Co. because W. R. Orr, for many years ad- at the end of six years Detroit SaUirday The paper was now for the hrst time vertising manager of the Detroit News, printed by steam-propelled machinery, decided at the sprightly age of forty- On April 7, 1852, the firm consisted of five that he wanted to own something while he was on earth this time; and he couldn't see his way to do that, through . - . a salary, no matter how satisfactory. It nation. It is quoted far and wide was also part of Orr's ambition to es- Michigan and elsewhere, and is acknowl- taWish a publication that he could be edged to be a power in Detroit. Its proud of in every column. He be- editorials have a punch, as well as a lieved that in spite of the large circu- literary flavor. Its review of the week s lation of tiie Sunday papers, a five-cent n<;ws is eagerly sought by busy people weekly that would appeal to the most who have not time to read the more intelligent class of readers, that would voluminous dailies. In business, politics, follow a policy entirely independent of sport, the drama, music, art. and,_ in all parties and" interests, and that would special features it enjoys the services keep out of its advertising columns the of h'ghly trained and experienced horde of fakers engaged in the sale of writers. Its manifest fairness and its patent medicines, bad mining stock and disinterest as far as the selhsh success other goods of the same sort, could live of Part'^^s or persons is concerned are and prosper. He broached the subject well reco.gnizeci. and its rejection of all to H. M. Nimmo. a voung man then kinds of objectionable matter in both the engaged in writing politics and edi- editorial and advertising departments torials for the Detroit News, and has won for it many friends. The firrt obsessed with the idea that anything of divorce case or domestic scandal is yet an editorial nature is possible in this to be printed m the Detroit^ Saturday world, granted only comnlete freedom ,Night. Every column clean has long of thought and action. That was the been its s o.gan. And by a rigid ob- kind of a huckleberry Orr was looking servance of that rule it has been able to for. So together they took the chance. [^T''?.,!..".!.!?, J '""Zf^L"! '="'™'^"°" Part of the historv of this experiment in American journalism has to do with high finance — or rather low finance — for low finance almost crushed it before the wm. BEBBI. bottle stage was passed. March 2. Mr. Barns and Mr. Jobnson, with the 1317, was the fateful day =et aside for latter as editor. fb^ appearance of the first edition. The purchase of the property by Wil- March 2. in07. the panic began. Half ers' parlance) a column and a half or two columns per day of his diminutive Gazette, whilst by the Mergenthaler lino- type machine, now generally in use, a man may do nearly ten times as much. The steamship St. Louis can make half a dozen round trips from New York to the British Coast in the time it would have taken the Gazette to get intelli- gence from the Atlantic seaboard. It was upward of thirty years after the Gazette was started before there was and advertising every year. "The newspaper that would best serve its advertising clients." said President Orr, in a recent public announcement, "is that newspaner that Avould serve its readers best. Show me a publication whose readers look forward to its com- ing every week, who admire it for its haracter. its policies and its ideals, and bur I-." Storey was an" important, even the stock that h.id been subscribed by a j ;„ ^^ ^^, advertisers who are ob- ■ '="-'■ friend of the exnerimenters was ». tainin.g substantial, satisfactory results. An advertisement must be introduced into the home under auspices that will m.al-ce it a welcome caller. The greater the degree 'of wholesomeness and cleanliness with which it is surrounded, nression Founded in ISOS. under the name of the Missouri Gazette, The Republic is five years in its second century. revolutionary event in the historv of first triend ot the exnerimenters was The Free Press. The Storey manage- lever taken, the first friend being verv ment was distinguished from that of all fortunate to n-et out of the wreck with his predecessors chiefly b> a bold, often bis financial hide. But the paner keot bitter, editorial style. In June, 1861, on iromg under trimmed sails and Mr. Storey, with his mind full of his avoided manv rocks. , ,^a.M„.c,= .... dream of a great Chicago newspaper, Presently business began to get verv jj.,g greater the degree of its which he afterwards realized in the long slack. Clients who owed monev for ad- q£ .Genuineness an~d dependability." prosperous Times, sold The Free Press vertisinir and were good for it. could " to Henry N. Walker. In 1803 William not be dunned; because the clients were THE ST. LOUIS REPUBLIC. E. Quinby. who had begun work on not supposed to know that the paper the paper three years before as court was hard un. and besides, they might reporter, purchased a quarter interest, pull out if thev were at all annoyed. In three months the experimenters were While" the 'name of the oaper has been lookino' at each other with that aspect ^banged two or three times during its of silent sympathy so common at ninety-odd years of life, it is an inter- fnnerals. ^ ... esting fact that those who are to-day The printer was su,ggesting that cash ^^^^ controllin.o- owners and the activ"e payments would be more satisfactory all managers of The Republic are the de- round and the landlord was pointing scendants. near relatives or direct heirs out regulations about the care of the ^f ^^^ ^^,,,„ ,,p„g„ 4^,^.;^ newspaner work buildincr that had hardly been menhoned „„^^^ ^„^ became partners of Joseph in earlier and flusher times. Before Charless, the founder of the naper, or four months was up the nerv.es of the pd„,ard Charless. his son. Nathaniel exnerimenters began to ooze out through Paschall. whose grandson is now the their pores. Thev could still quit and business manager, entered the establish- nav ever^'hody one hundred cents on the ^nent as an anorentice under Joseph dollar. They began to yearn for the Charless in 1812, just four years after quiet countryside, where only the bees t],e first issue appeared. In 1828 Pas- a"d the cows could be heard, and where phal] became the partner of Edward hying was cheap as well as wholesome. Charless. and to-day. nearly ninety years The obituary was written and turned later, his descendants continue to hold o\ er to the compositors. But a friend lar.ge interests in the property. The con- who had been consulted about the situ- nection of the Knapp family began Jan- ation came across with a variety of ex- uary I, 1827, when George Knanp en- cellent reasons why the paper should tered as an apprentice. In 1834 he was continue for a month or six weeks admitted to a partnershin and in 18.")4 . There was work, important John Knapp. his brother, became one of work, for it to do in that time. The the three owners. The oldest son of exnerimenters decided thev owed it to John Knapp is now and has been for their friends to stick for that month or many years the president of the corpo- =''x weeks. The obituary was with- ration owning the paper, and the active drawn. executive head, as editor and general During this neriod of peaceful, hut manager, nerve-racking seige, a ioke came into the The paper was printed on a Ramage Thus the proprietors then were H. N. ?ffi«. It was about the office boy who press, a .™<;"'l™ ''"";« "''"^ f ,.='°"^ Walker, CH Taylor, Jacob Barns and .nformed the editor that a man w;anted ^«'' f "/l '^ tvn? I v Mir^fter tak n- ■HIT /-» ■ 1 1-^1 1 I J 1 1 • tn t;pp him Anrl the editor saici ne applied to tlie tvpe ov nans, atter laKing Mr. Quinby. The last named had risen ^°J{^^,^''"^^^ anybody, least of all a it from a stand near by, and going over to^the responsible office of managing wo'^|l^_^"_.' 'B^'t the boy came back atrain. the nrinting surface in a series of "pats." The man, he said, was not a creditor. In this way it required fully half a day JAMES M. THOMPSON. editor. The Free Press Ann most va the Middl DETROIT SATURDAY NIGHT. M. H. Di: VOXTNG. any practical telegraphing, and even forty years after that event it required two nights and a day to transmit Presi- dent Polk's annual message as far West as Vincennes. George and John Knapp, associated with Nathaniel Paschall, established the firm of George Knapp & Co. in 1855, each of the three partners having an equal interest. The new firm purchased the Republican from George Knapp and Mrs. Chambers. This copartnership re- mained unchanged until 1864, when it was incorporated, the name and division of interests continuing exactly as before. miourn'alism and one of" the He was a victim of the panic who hadn't to print the small edition, or, rather, the n ournalism and one ot ttie anything for three days. "Br ng two inside pages, for only one side could duable newspaper properties m ^?^^"in^,i'Voared the editor. "Bring him be printed at a time. The newspaper ^'"^ "'=^^- in. If he can show us how he does it machine to-day, as it stands in many iOIT SATURDAY NIGHT. perhans we can run this paper another offices of the country, is a verv different Occasionally there is something new week." thing. Mr. Charless_OTuld,^by_ dmt of in newspaperdom. One of the new By the cotjrage thjt goes with a sense nersistence, probably "set up' (in print' aunt. FEI^IX AITGirS. Mr. Paschall died December 12, 1866. Col. George Knapp died September 18, 1883, and Col. John Knapp, under whose direction the business department had been conducted for thirty years, died November 12. 1888. In 1887 Charles W. Knapp, eldest son of Col. John Knapp, became the editor and manager, and still fills these positions, W. B. Carr, a grand- son of Nathaniel Paschall, being the business manager. In the great fire of 1849 the office of the Republican, on the east side of Main THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST STEADILY IMPROVING CONDITIONS MAKE DAYTON the point at which manufacturers are finding an extensive demand for suppHes, commercial and domestic. Are you getting your share of the orders now being placed ? The Dayton Daily News The Springfield Daily News Country Life in Miami Valley offer the line of least resistance, and the shortest route between the manufacturer of Trade Marked articles, and the largest part of the buying population. Eight cents a line flat covers an insertion in all three papers. Increase your sales NOW Send for copies of both papers. See what other manu- facturers are doing in reaching out for this trade. Let us have your order Home Office, DAYTON, OHIO NEW YORK CHICAGO LA COSTE & MAXWELL JOHN GLASS 45 W. 34th Street Peoples Gas Building 75 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST street, near Pine, and all its contents were destroyed, and again, May 24, 1870, its five slory building on Chestnut street, between Main and Second, met the same fate, with a loss estimated at more than $170,000, but insured for about $100,000. In the course of years the growth and development of St. Louis so changed the retail business quarter of the city that the management of The Republic deemed it wise to erect still another new publishing home which would be nearer the center of activity. One of the most prominent and central locations in the whole city was selected, and the paper was removed to the beautiful structure in which it is now housed, on Seventh and Olive streets, in August, 1S09. Con- structed to permit the utilisation of the most improved methods introduced by newspaper publishers anywhere in the world, and occupied almost solely by The Republic, this new buildiig is gen- erally recognized as a model of its class. The politics of the Republic was re- publican (Jeffersonian) until 1829, and along the same line till the Whig party appeared, to wiiich latter party it ad- hered until 185ti. It refused to follow Fillmore, denounced the American or "Know-nothing" cause, and supported Buchanan for President. It, however, took no part in the latter's Kansas policy, but, on the other hand, warmly supported Dou.glas, and carried Missouri for him in 1800. It opposed the secession move- ment, required Claib. Jackson to take sides for the regular Democratic into its columns that enterprise and audacity which were henceforth to be its chief characteristics. Mr. Storey was a pioneer in almost every important feature of Chicago journalism. He knew the value of live news and, rising to the great oppor- tunity afforded by the eager popular in- terest in war tidings, he began spending sums that startled the community and filled his rivals with dismay. He had no trouble in securing readers, but when, after the emancipation proclama- tion, he began opposing the war with bitter denunciations of the Federal Gov- ernment, he turned the seething passions of the hour against himself and bis paper. On the morning of June 3, 18G3, a file of soldiers marched into the pressroom. General Burnside, from ills headquarters at Cincinnati, had is- sued an order for the suppression of the Times. But lovers of a free press, ir- respective of party, at once rallied in protest, and President Lincoln revolted Burnside's order the next day. Pub- er's dreams. In 1875 Charles R. Den- nett was made managing editor, and through the years of Mr. Storey's physi- cal and mental decline Mr. Dennett was the dominant force on the paper. Mr. Storey gave up active control of the Times in 1878 and died in 1884. The Chicago Herald was founded in 1881 as a stalwart Republican paper, with James W. Scott foremost among its projectors. Mr. Scott was its pub- lisher and business manager; Martin J Russell became editor-in-chief, and John R. Walsh one of the owners. From the lieginning the Herald was noted for its beautiful typographical appear- ance and for the wit and pungency of its editorials, in the writing of which Mr. Russell was ably seconded by Horatio W. Seymour. In its tenth year it bad grown to be one of the most pop- ular newspapers in the country. Into its upbuilding Mr. Scott poured all tTie energy and enthusiasm of his prime. Walter Wellman early became the paper's Washington correspondent, and JOSEFH FUI^ITZEB. national nominee, and throughout the war was conservative and pacificatory. During the greater part of its career it has exercised an unquestionable influ- ence in the political course of the people of Missouri. THE CHICAGO RECORD-HERALD. Though the Chicago Record-Herald, under its present name, is a young news- paper, it has a history of more than half a century of vigorous life, for it was formed by the union of three of the most influential papers in the city. It is heir to the energies and traditions of the Times, the Herald and the Record, each of which, in varying degree, has furnished some of the complex char- acteristics and forces constituting the Record-Herald. The Chicago Times was founded in 18.54 by Isaac Cook, James W. Sheahan and Daniel Cameron. Mr. Sheahan managed it until the summer of 1860, when it was bought by Cyrus H. Mc- Corniick. Mr. McCormick was also owner of a paper called the Herald, and he consolidated the two under the name of the Herald and Times. In June, 1861, the controlling interest was pur- chased by Wilbur F. Storey. He en- larged the paper, renamed it the Times, established it in new ofliices at 74 Ran- dolph street, and soon began to infuse the throes of the "free silver" discussion, and Mr. Kohlsaat rendered a national service when he made the Times-Herald a distinctive force in the election of President McKinley. Meanwhile a lusty rival had been growing up in the same citv block. In March, 1881, Victor F. Lawsbn and Mel- ville E. Stone, having made a phenome- nal success of the Chicago Daily News, had begun issuing a morning edition under the name of the Morning News. The same partnership of 'business and editorial genius that had made the even- ing paper the greatest in the city also caused this new venture to p.rosper from the start. Mr. Stone's faculty for news- getting, which has since f(mnd still wider expression through his work as general manager of the Associated Press, secured fo.- the Morning News an exceptionally strong staff of local, domestic and foreign reporters and cor- respondents. In 1S87 William E. Cur- tis, the author and traveler, became the paper's Washington correspondent, and his daily letters still continue to be an invaluable feature of the Record-Her- ald. In 1888 Mr. Stone severed his con- nection with both papers on account of ill health, and Mr. Lawson became their sole owner and publisher. The morning paper had become a great enterprise in itself, and in 1893 Mr. LawFon changed its name to the more distinctive one of the Chicago Record. Ihider the executive iiand of Charles H. Dennis, for ten j^ears its managing editor, the Record steadily held the sup- rai;fh fui-ixzeb. lication.of the paper was resumed on the 5th. The notoriety of this incident brought a great increase of circulation and of advertising to the Times, and as Mr. Storey softened his tone on the war is- sue his paper flourished amazingly. In 1806 it erected and moved into a five- story stone-front building of its own on the northwest corner of Dearborn street and Calhoun place. In 1870 Mr. Storey became sole owner of the paper. With the editorial support of such men as Andre Matteson and Franc B. Wilkie he had realized his dreams of making a great paper. Then suddenly the great fire wiped out the whole plant. After a few days the publication of the Times was resumed in a temporary ofiice on the West Side, and in 1873 a five-story fireproof building, still stand- ing on the northwest corner of Fifth avenue and Washington street, was com- pleted. The paper became more in- dependent, concentrated more energy on its news columns, established a bureau in coinage to that of an independent Re- London and prospered beyond its own- it was the Herald that sent Mr. Well- man in 1892 to find the first landing place of Columbus, which Avas definitely located on Watling Island and was duly marked by a monument. Mr. Wellman later won fame as an arctic explorer. Mr. Scott also gave of his best thought and care to the construction of the hand- some six-story stone and terra cotta building at 154 Washington street, which was completed in 1890 and is to-day the home of the Record-Herald. One of Mr. Scott's last acts was to take over the Times in 1895 and amalgamate ii with the Herald. Pie was in the m" '"' of adjusting the details of the consoli- dation when he died suddenly in New York. This was the 'situation when in April, 1895, I-I. H. Kohlsaat, formerly pub- lisher of the Inter-Ocean, purchased the entire property and began to issue the Times-Hera'ld, installing Cornelius Mc- .Auliff as managin.g editor, and changing its policy from that of a Democratic paper with uncertain ideas on silver publican paper with positive views on sound money. The country was then in DON. C. SEITZ. port of an unusually large and intelli- gent body of readers, its foreign news seiMce was one of its strongest fea- tures. At the time of its consoiidation with the Times-Herald it had 123 cor- respondents in the important cities of Europe, Asia, Africa. Australia, New Zealand, South America, the West In- dies. Mexico and Canada. This splendid news service and large circulation became part of the assets of the Record-Herald in March, 1901, when Mr. Lawson chose thenceforth to devote all his energies to the Daily News, and handed over the Record to be consoli- dated with the Times-Herald under Mr. Kohlsaat's management. Mr. Kohlsaat remained in active charge of the en- larged paper about a year longer, at the end of which time be retired to devote himself to bis private enterprises. At that time Frank B. Noyes, one of the owners of the Washington Evening Star and president of the Associated Press, became editor and publisher of the Record-Herald. Under his control the paper has gone on steadily develop- ing on the main lines already indicated, preserving the non-partisan independ- ence and liome-circle appeal of the Rec- ord, the editorial forcefulness of the Herald, the public spirit of the Times- Herald and the aggressive news-get- ting of the old Times. Mr. McAuliff has continued to be managing editor, and the enterprise has been strengthened 76 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST Is the favorite in 81^^ of the homes of its subscribers, and is the only Detroit daily taken in 509"^^ of these homes. Forty-five per cent, of The Times' readers prefer it for its stand for Clean Journalism (including honest advertising) and 33% prefer it for its dependability. The Times mailed return postal cards to 5,000 of its Detroit subscribers, taken at random and representing every section of the city, requesting answers to the following questions: 1. What Detroit daily newspaper, if any, besides The Detroit Times, are you receiving regularly at your home? 2. Which Detroit daily do your prefer? 3. Why do you prefer it? Five hundred and sixty-seven subscribers, or 11% of those to whom cards were sent, replied. Of this number 462 declared their preference for The Times and 285 said it is the only Detroit paper they are taking. Clean journalism is given as the basis of their preference for The Times by 255 subscribers, dependability by 191, no liquor ads by 56, editorials by 32, large type by 15, and miscellaneous features by the others. The replies are totalled herewith. They make one of the most interesting analyses of newspaper circulation ever pub- lished. The cards bearing numbers, names and addresses are accessible at The Times office for verification. Which Paper Preferred Detroit Times 462 Why Subscribers prefer The Detroit Times Clean Journalism... 255 Editorials 52 Other Papers Taken Postal Cards Mark- Postal Cards turned — 11 Re- Per Take Detroit Times Only 286 News 204 ed to Detroit News 18 6 Journal 119 Times Subscri- bers 5,000 Journal No Liquor Ads 66 Large Type 15 Denendabilitv 191 Free Press 104 Free Press 15 Miscellaneous 65 1 On the basis of newspaper experience with election returns, this investigation indicates : That 32,400 subscribers of The Detroit Times prefer it over all other Detroit newspapers. That 18,000 subscribers of The Detroit Times prefer it for its stand on Clean Journalism and Honest Advertising. The N. M. Sheffield Special Agency NEW YORK :— TRIBUNE BUILDING CHICAGO :-HEYWORTH BUILDING 77 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST In every department. The commercial and financial columns have long been among the most ably edited in the coun- try. The local and telegraphic news service is of the highest efficiency. At the same time the scope of the paper has been widened so as to include other fields of human and artistic interest, such as literature, dramatic and musical criticism, household economy, humor, fiction, etc. Its literary news and re- views are generally acknowledged to be wu. babuxs, jb. the most comprehensive and authorita- tive in the West. The Record-Herald is as perfect me- chanically as the best machinery and craftsmanship can make it. Its circu- lation thus far has averaged consider- ably above 1.50,000 daily and 200.000 on Sunday. One of the new landmarks of American journalism established by Mr. Noyes is the Sunday magazine of the Record-Herald. BROOKLYN EAGLE. The beginnings of the Brooklyn Eagle were humble and tentative. It was first published as a campaign paper^ with the saving thought in the mind of at least one person concerned that if its ^fnJ.I.IA.^a Emosrx qitidtbt. st;pport during the political campai.gn during which it was launched justified the venture, it should be continued as a permanency. For a number of years prior to 1841 Kings County had been Whig in its political majorities. The Democratic party, generally dominant in the coun- try at large, was in the minority in that county. The Democratic politics of the county centered in the law office of tptt, Murphy & Vanclerbilt. The mem- bers of the firm were the leaders. The active politician of the three was Henry C. Murphy. In 1841 an important elec- tion was approaching, which was, by reason of the issues and the conditions prevailing in the local Whig party, a particularly propitious time to redeem the country from Whig control. Ex- traordinary efforts were determined on. Among the means adopted was that of the establishment of a paper. A meet- ing was called in the office of Lott, Murphy & Vanderbilt Among those who gathered there was John Green- wood, later a judge of the city court, and a young man, Isaac Van Anden, who four or five years before had come from Poughkeepsie and established a printing office in the city of Brooklyn. It was the young printer who suggested llie starting of a paper. It was John Greenwood who suggested the title of "The Brooklyn Eagle and Kings County Democrat." This gathering subscribed a fund necessary to establish the paper, with the understanding that tne paper was to lie printed in Isaac Van Anden's print- ing office, under his business direction, although Alfred G. Stevens was to be the nominal publisher, with Henry C. Murphy and Richard Adams Locke as editors. Under these auspices the Eagle was launched on Oct. 26, 1841. The result at the polls was a triumphant Democratic victory. The shouting had hardly died awa}^ before the proposition was made to cease the publication of the Eagle, on the ground that it had served the purpose for which it had been started. Then the saving thought which had existed in the mind of Mr. Van .'Vnden was put into execution. He nrotested against suspension, offered to buy out the interest of everybody con- cerned and assume entire responsibility of its conduct. Pending the conclusion of these negotiations the Eagle was con- tinued ostensibly under the old manage- ment, actually by Mr. Van Anden, with Pichard Adams Locke as editor, Mr. Murohy having drooped out after the election. But early in the new year of 1842 the announcement was made pub- lic that Isaac Van Anden was the sole owner and conductor. Mr. Van Anden made the Eagle a newspaper -from the start. This was more of an achievement than it prob- ably appears to be now. The condition nf journalism of that day was almost that of slavery to the party whose prin- ciples the paper was supposed to ad- vance. Mr. Van Anden abandoned that policy and printed what was interesting. The politicians were horrified. Tn the early days this independent policy caused the Eagle considerable trouble, notablv in 1861. when it became seriously involved with the Government through the stinging criticisms of its editor, Henry McCloskev. LTndeniably erratic as he was, yet Mr. McQoskey was a writer of great force and weight. The ckmax was reached in August. 1S61,_ The Eagle had been informed that its course was not pleasing to the authorities .it Washington. In August it was denied circulation in the mails, nnd on .Aug. 16. in common with the Tournal of Commerce, the Dailv and Weekly News, the Daily and Weeklv Day Book, the Freeman's Journal of New York, the Eagle was indicted in the LTnited States Court for treasonable utterances, while the threat to close up the paper was made in formidable shape. This was the culmination of the run- I'-ng warfare between the proprietor and his editor. The oen was taken from McCIoskcy's hands. His last editorial '■■as "The War and the Freedom of the Press " So Henrv McCloskev went out r.nd Thomas Kinsella came in. The l-^tter's first leader was "The War and the Advocates of Peace," and was fol- lowed up the next dav with "The Eagle and the War." in which the policv of the naper was made to .square with the opinions held by Mr. Van Anden and which were not obnoxious to the ad- ministration. It was a strenuous period in strenuous times. Mr. Kinsella. who t-ben fatnf to the editorship, had been a ~ 78 reporter on the paper, liad written much for the editorial columns and, therefore, ■was not wholly unskilled in the work he assumed. He was an ambitious man of sterling ability, sound judgment and great capacity for labor. Conservative in his habit of thought, the opinions of himself and the proprietor were in ac- cord on general questions, and the Eagle settled down to a prosperous course through the war under a vigor- ous conduct. The record of the years following were those of large growth, increasing prosperity and expanding in- fluence under Mr. Kinsella's editorship until 1869, when he left the paper to take a position as commissioner in the newly formed Water Board. He was succeeded by William Wood, who had been Mr. Kinsella's assistant. He held the editorship until the close of the year, or until Mr. Van Anden sold the naper to a company of which Demas Barnes was the president. Then Mr. Kinsella came back as the editor and a stockholder of the company. For thirty years, or since the institu- tion of the Eagle, the name of Van Anden had been identified with it. The public gave evidence that it did not view the change with entire aporoval. Mr. Kinsella was quick to perceive this and did not like it. He accordingly be.Eran a movement which should again identify the Van .Anden interest with the Eagle. The first of the Van Andens to return ivas Col. William Hester, nephew of the Fao-le's founder, who had been asso- ciated with his uncle for twenty years. His return was quickly followed by the return of Isaac Van Anden who. rnrchasing the entire holdings of Demas Barnes, -was elected president of the as- sociation. Matters then moved along tl^o lines that had prevailed prior to the =a)e, with the trust and confidence of the public fully restored. Colonel T^ester succeeded to the presidency of ^'■e company at the time of Mr, Van .Anden's death in 1873. Mr. Kinse'Ia f-nntinued in the editorshin until his death in January. 1884. He was sui^- -"eded by Andrew McLean who, under Mr. Kinsella, had been the managing editor. In the fall of 1886 St. Clair McKel- way became (he editor-in-chief and has continued in the position until the present. The Eagle of to-day is a complete newspaper in every sense, with denart- •nents covering every sphere of life. The financial department has been a feature for thirty years. It has always been trustworthy. An Eagle bureau was established in the Street, and a complete equipment for the gathering and receipt of facts was organized. Two pages are to-day required for the monev and market reports, with 'the advertisements which have followed. Those financial pap"es command and de- serve confidence. Thev are trustworthy and careful, honest. and comore- hensive. That denartment alone has a constituency to whom it is a necessitv. Books and literature daih' command in the Eagle the criticism whirfi thev call for by their tone and views, and the news treatment which they iustifv by the increasina- value of literature aq an art and an industrv in the wor'd. There is also daily treatment of the drama. The Eagle every Saturdav gives mor^" than a page to an anticipative consider- ation of what the preachers intend to say next dav. On Monday it gives two pages to what thev have said, the ser- mons being in full text. Much spar" is devoted to clean sport- ing news. Exnert renorters cover all branches of snort, and engaging writers contr'bute helpful discussions of the tonics of turf and field. The Eagle maintains able corre- spondents all the year round in Wash- ington, Albany, London and Paris. The foreign correspondence has long been noted for its interest, trustiworthiness and promptness. Anotner feature of the Eagle is its pictures, but they are pictures that il- lustrate the text. The art plant of the Eagle is large and efficient, equipped with the latest appliances and methods for rapid and good work. All these features necessitate a large newspaper, and the Eagle ranges in size from twenty-two to twenty-eight seven-column pages daily, with a Sun- day issue consisting of three or four sections and from fort.v-eight to seventy- two pages. The Sunday issue is notable apart from the functions it performs of CrEir. H. G. OTIS. continuing the news publications of the week. In addition to what are generally re- garded as the regular functions of a newspaper, the Eagle has established other departments for the benefit of its readers. One of these departments is its Free Information Bu.eau, render- ing a varied service which covers many branches of information. Other Eagle enterprises include pop- ular excursions, a free circulating li- brary for employes, the offering of val- uable trophies to the winners of ath- letic contests, etc. The Eagle as it i.ATATETTH 'srotrii'a, SB. stands to-day is nothing more or less than the logical development of its founder's ideas. These ideas were transmitted to Colonel Hester and have been faithfully carried out by him, with such changes and additions as the march of progress have required. He bas had the able assistance of his son. William Van Anden Hester, the secre- tary and treasurer of the company. The business management of the Eagle is in the h'^nds of Herbert F. Gunnison, THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST The AMERICAN PRESS ASSOCIATION does the PLATE BUSINESS of the country, and in addition represents 4,000 Home Print Papers for foreign advertising The Pawtucket Times Covers an extensive territory, embracing a population of 130,000 of New England's most thrifty people. The daily paid circulation of the Times aver- ages more than 20,000 as shown by the report of the Association of American Advertisers after a thorough examination of the circulation depart- ment, also by the certified report by Charles 0. Black, business manager, filed with the United States Postal authorities. Pawtucket, R. 1., is located in the very heart of New England and is a city of well appointed homes, which emphasizes the character of its people. The $13,000,000 deposited in the savings banks of Pawtucket is a strong testimonial to the enterprise and economy of its population. If you desire to conmiunicate with this splen- did audience, you can do so to best advantage through the columns of the Pawtucket Times. RHODE ISLAND By far the most thickly populated State in the Union — the home of nearly 600,000 prosperous, con- tented people — the busiest hive of human industry in the world. The Providence Journal The Evening Bulletin (BOTH 2.CENT PAPERS) are the two great newspapers that entirely dom- inate this wonderful advertising field. Tiie Providence Journal S:f.:?il:! h:d as a daily in 1829; steadily growing in circulation and advertising. Average for entire year of 1912, 24,463 copies per issue. The Evening Bulletin One of the largest daily newspapers in the United States. Circulation average for January, 53,881 copies per issue, over 49% increase in 6 years. These Papers Were EIGHTH on the List of the News- papers of the United States in Advertising in 1912, Printing 11,456,304 Lines Nearly Three Million lines greater than any other newspaper in New England REPRESENTATIVES NEW YORK CHAS. H. EDDY 5024 Metropolitan Bldg. BOSTON CHAS. H. EDDY 723 Old South Bldg. CHICAGO EDDY & VIRTUE 1054 Peoples Gas Bldg. 79 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST who is well qualified to fill this impor- tant position. The Eagle's mechanical plant is said to be one of the finest in America and probably in the world. No expense has been spared to make it thoroughly com- plete and up to date. The latest and most improved machinery has been in- stalled. Great care has been given to sanitary conditions and to an econom- ical handling of the product manufac- tured. THE BALTIMORE AMERICAN. Un the roll of the great dailj news- papers of this Kepublic the Baltimore American has a place of honor. Pub- lished in the city which is the gateway between the North and South, it is an authority on matters of deep concern to both sections, and exercises a wide- spread and wholesome influence in a vast extent of territory. The American has always stood for progress in city, state and nation. It has been from its birth a steady and consistent advocate of every movement looking for the advancement of Balti- imore, and has frequently opened the way for great undertakings that would add to the wealth, the business, the at- tractions of this city. Never was a better proof given of this than in those dark days which fol- lowed the awful disaster of 1904, when fire swept away the greater portion of the business section of Baltimore. That conflagration left in ruins the fine build- ing which the American had long occu- pied. Undaunted and undismayed, con- fident of its own strength, knowing that it had won and would ever hold the high regard of the people of this com- munity, the American did not halt or hestitate. Without delaj it made its plans not only for a new home, but for a larger, better, more substantial, more beautiful home; a building that should stand as a lasting monument to the American's fai^th in Baltimore. Within a year the new home was finished and occupied, with a complete plant ready for use. On the first anniversary of the great fire of February 7, 190-i, the Amer- ican was able to issue from its new building and new presses a magnificent souvenir edition. The American of to-day is the fore- most newspaper of the Sointh, and one of the recognized leaders in the journal- ism of the whole country. Its position in Baltimore is at the top, and it has. by its earnest work for the benefit of the city, won the respect of the entire community. It has not only kept pace with the rapid progress in newspaper making, but it has frequently led the way to the adoption of new and im- proved methods of its own creation. For its news of the world it not only has the service o-f the Associated Press, but employs many other agencies which keep it supplied with special reports which its local contemporaries do not and can- not obtain. To recount its achievements in recent years would be to give a history ot newspaper leadership during that period. It has sent its special commissioners to all parts of this country and Europe for the news; it has published special let- ters from every country in the world, and it has had as its contributors the most famous men in the literature of the day. The history of a nation is told in the records of the American. Mark a few of the incidents of its usefulness: Its first editor planted the germ of the present postal system. In its office the Declaration of Inde- pendence was officially printed. The woman in journalism first scored a success in its management. "The Star Spangled Banner" was first ■published in its pages. It was the first advocate of public schools in this State. It was the first paper of Maryland to miblish full market reports. To its agitation and recommendation was due the establishment of the Mary- land Historical Society, of the Maryland Institute for the Promotion of Mechan- ical Arts, of the House of Refuge, of the Mercantile Library, and the founda- tion of public schools for colored chil- dren. It was the first Southern paper to pub- lish accurate war maps, and its extra issues on important occasions were al- ways ahead of its competitors. It was the earliest champion of Pro- fessor Morse and the electric telegraph, and one of his largest patrons when the line was completed. It advocated the Gunpowder water supply long before its contemporaries. During the Civil War it did more to lished by any of the Baltimore morning dailies. It was a success from the stari. On January 4, 1897, the price of the American on week-days was reduced to one cent everywhere, and at that price it still remains. The change proved a wise one from the start. The paper's circulaltion increased rapidly. As itb circulation has increased so has its ad- vertising patronage. It is a paper re- spected by all, a leading factor in the city's progress, playing a prominent and honorable part in every-day life in the Greater Baltimore. General Felix Angnus is the publisher and manager of the American, and has been for many years. Researches carried 'On by Mr. Capehairt in many rparts "of the world, especially England, France, Germany and Holland, have made this work on the iStory of journalism iposslble. In the pursuit of data on this subject Mr. Capehart has consulted the irecords and ispecimen of the British Museum of Ijondon, various libraries and archives dn Germany. Fi-ance and Holland and considerable aid has -. n-nUfc.ied him by rare finds in the old book shops of Frankfort-on-the-Main, Paris and other historical centers of the Old World. For the material on early American journaliism Mr. Capehart is largely indebted to Harper Brothers, and especially Ool. George Harvey, through whose courtesy this has been obtained. Mr. Caipehart has spent years in 'the study of the subject and has concen- trated upon it rare judgment, erudition and devotion borderdng on indefatigable alleviate the suffering by donations and FIRST PAPER ON PACIFIC COAST, ■collecting cEunds and forwarding supplies than any paper in the country. It has raised more money for charit- able ends than any paper in the South, It was on its recommendation that a tax was laid on the city passenger rail The Pacific slope will not long be in the rear of the /Atlantic slope in the number and wealth of its newspapers; indeed, the journalists in that part of the world even think that they are ways for the support of the parks, so "P ^^ ^."^ "^f,^ '" P?'" °^ ^"^'^'^y ^"^ that the pepole now enjoy the splendid f.^^^'P^l^^- ^^^^I'>' °f ^'^^ papers pub- pleasure grounds without one cent of ^'shed m San Francisco are handsome specimens of typography, and in talent expense. The American is now over 140 years old, having been born August 20, 1773. There is no other daily newspaper in the United States of such age. they nd well and energy ranks. The first paper printed on the of the Pacific made its appearance The publication of the Sunday Amer- fore the war with Mexico, before the ican was begun on March 2, 1879, and invasion of California and before Mar- has never been interrupted. Never be- shall and Sutter discovered gold where fore had a Sunday edition been pub- the former was building a mill for the 80 latter in January, 1S48. Many years previously to those events Astor and Gray had made the Columbia River known, and there was an excitement in 18,30 in New England and New York among the young men to migrate to Oregon and develop that region of the Northwest. The title of the paper was the Fhtmgudgeon Gazette, or Bumble-Bee Budget, edited by the Long-tailed Coon, a sort of Pike County Punch affair. The motto read, "Devoted to scratching and stinging the Follies of the Age." It was tri-weekly, some eight or ten numbers being issued, continuing dur- ing the session of the Legislative Coun- cil of the Territory. The paper made quite a stir in those parts, and kept the members on their p's and q's all the time. This original sheet, more a copy of Punch than of tlie Weekly News-Letter in its title, made its appearance in 1811. Only a quarter of a century later there were thirtj'-four daily, one hundred and eightj'-eight weekly and six monthly publications in California and Oregon alone ! Newspaper brains and material went out to the Pacific with Stevenson's Ex- pedition in 1846. After the discovery of gold and the rush of gold hunters from the Atlantic States, the miners -were largely sup- plied with news from home by Cali- fornia editions of the New York papers and a few others. These sheets were made up expressly for that region, and every steamer' for the isthmus from New York and New Orleans would carry forty, fifty and sixty thousand copies of these journals. THE LOS ANGELES TIMES. The field of this remarkable newspa- per is the great Southwest, and it has achieved a foremost place in its field. Its chief, Harrison Gray Otis, was born in Ohio in 1837, Feb. 10. He was a farmer's boy and attended winter school in a country log school house in South- ern Ohio, but IS not college-bred. He is fond of telling of his first experience in journalism, which consisted of carry- ing laths to help in the work of plaster- ing the wind-swept country printing of- fice at Sarahsville, Noble County, O., in which he became an apprentice in the fall of 1851-52. Preceding the troublous times of the great Civil War, young Otis had cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln in 18(50, in whose nomination at Chicago he took part as a Republican delegate from Kentucky. When the call to arms sounded, he responded promptly, enter- ing the ranks and serving as soldier and officer to the end, coming out with the rank of brevet lieutenant-colonel "for gallant and meritorious services throughout the war." During his long and arduous service he fought in fif- teen actions, was twice wounded in bat- tle and received seven promotions for merit. In the Philippines he served as a gen- eral oilicer under the commission issued to him by President McKinley, and it was his brigade that stormed and cap- tured Caloocan. His good service there brought him the promotion of "major- general by brevet for meritorious con- duct in action," March 25, 1899. Gen. Porfirio Diaz, president of Mex- ico, is credited with this remark: "Few men ever became distinguished in even one line of endeavor, but General Otis is both a great soldier and a great editor." In 18C5, after the Civil War had ended. Col. Otis entered jouralism on a small scale at Marietta, Ohio, and at the session of the Ohio Legislature in 186(3-07 was official reporter of the House of Representatives; after which (being a practical printer) he became foreman of the Government Printing OflSce. Subsequently he was a division chief in the U. S. Patent Office. THE EDITOR AND PtTBLISHER AND JOURNALISf THE HERALD made a larger Advertising gain than all other dailies in Wash- ington, D. C. combined. The following figures from The ■Evening Star show the advertising gains of The Washington Dailies for the year, 191'2, as follows : THE HERALD . 798, 737 Lines Gain The Star . . 334,232 " " The Times . 23,047 " " The Post . . 536,511 " Loss RESULTS The increase in advertising is due to the increase in results. The increase in results is due to the increase in circulation. Foreign Representatives : VV1I,1'KKI)1.\(-; CO. .\. R. KE.\TOU :■>:, Fiflli .\vcrv.ie Hartford lUdg. ELIZABETH, N. J. A vorth-while all-city daily lintea in 1912 6.073,18'i lines of paij advi iinr. an INCRE^SEovcr 1911 of 425,446 Hn( Growth of Circulation: D»ily Averaee in Past Ten Years 903 . 904 . 905 . 906 . 907 . 908 . 909 . 910 . 911 . 912 . 9 1 3 (First 3 months) 4,707 5,522 6,518 7,347 8,311 9,090 9,882 1 0,884 11,577 12,237 12,916 F.R. NORTHRUP, Special Representative 225 Fifth An., New York. Tribune Bid;., Chicago, 111. Average Circulation of Week-Day Editions of The NEW YORK AMERICAN Now Exceeds 275,000 Net-Paid Copies Has more Quality Readers Than Any Other New York Newspaper And Here Are Some Of The Quality Features Which Have Won For It Quality Supremacy: ART By MUSIC By DRAMA By SOCIETY By BUSINESS and By FINANCE BASEBALL, YACHTING, By AUTOMOBILING EDITORIALS and SPECIAL ARTICLES FOREIGN NEWS HUMOR By By By Chas. H. Caffin ' ' [ ' Chas. Henry Meltzer Alan Dale Cholly Knickerbocker /B. C. Forbes ^W. R. Lawson, of Londo /Broadan Wall Jjoseph R. Pritchard ' Edward Low Ranlett Damon Runyon Alien Sangree Duncan Curry W. J. Macbeth John Temple Graves Elbert Hubbard James J. Montague Rev. Thomas B. Gregory Winifred Black Edwin Markham Virginia Terhune Vandewater I W. Orton Tewson Chester Overton Marquis de Castellane J Paul Pierre Rignaux C. de Vidal-Hundt Fritz Jacobsohn J. M. E. d'Aquin [ George M, Bruce I Bud Fisher j I George M'Manus j T. E. Powers I Frederick Opper Greatest Quantity of Quality Circulation Sunday Circulation Exceeds 750,000 Net Paid Copies Per Issue The News and Courier CHARLESTON, S. C. One of the Leaders in American Journalism. 'X'HE undisputed leader in its territory and guarantees the largest paid circulation of any Charleston news- paper. Subscription — by mail or in the city by carrier, $8.00 per year — payable in advance. Daily Circulation March, 1913: 13,OSO Sunday Circulation March, 1913 : is,oio BENJAMIN and KENTNOR CO. Foreign Adv. Representative 222 Fifth Avenue People* Gas Bli}g. New York City Chicago, III. The Syracuse Post Standard The leader in the Syracuse field. Largest total circulation. Largest local circulation. Largest volume of advertising. OVER 48,000 NET PAID DAILY PAUL BLOCK INC. Managers Foreign Advertising Chicago NEW YORK Boston 81 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST In 1876 he removed from Washing- ton to California and took editorial charge of a daily newspaper at Santa Barbara. The vigor oi his pen, his tearless attacks upun everything in the shape of corruption and wrong in pri- vate and public Hfe, and his activity in working for the development of the country, attracted attention. In JSSi the Los Angeies Times was begun, and in ltlS2 Col. Otis, becoming part owner, assumed its editorial man- agement. That is more than a quarter ot a century ago, and during all these years Harrison Gray Otis and the Los Angeles Times have been as nearly synonymous terms as could be. His personality has been steadily reflected in the paper which he controls, and of which he is the chief owner. For years he did the main editorial work on it; but the leader fully accords to his men full credit for their part in making the Times what it is — one of the fore- most newspapers in the entire field of journalism. The qualities of character and the type of ability shown by him in his own personality, and in his work, have made The Times the great newspaper it is, worthily representing the high type of manhood and womanhood which distinguishes its clientele, and have converted the little four-page quarto of 1882, with less than 1,000 subscribers into the great modern news- paper of 1907, containing from 24 to 32 pages daily, and from 112 to 140 pages on Sundays, including a superb Sunday Magazine ; the daily having a regular issue of 50.000 copies, a Sun- day issue of 75,000, and special edi- tions numbering 100,000 and over. To produce such a sheet has required a capacious and frequently-enlarged building, bristling with modern print- ing machinery and alive with a multi- tude of loyal and skillful workers in all departments. There is an auxiliary plant, fully equipped for producing the paper without a break, in the event of disaster, in JO years of expansion, Los Angeles has grown from a population of 12,000 in 1882 to 319,198 in 1912. These evidences of success achieved tell their own significant story; yet the elements of that success are neither numerous nor complex. The striking qualities of General Otis' editorial work are strength, directness of statement, conciseness in phrase and clarity of ex- pression. He is a past-master in the use of terse, idiomatic English, invar- iably using the right word in the right place, and never using words excepting in their accurate, universally-accepted meaning. His is the very acme of a clear and vigorous style, and especially a style that counts and tells in editorial work. He has, however, never confined his work to the editorial page merely, but has been active all along the line of management and control. His course has produced its logical results. The Times is a conspicuous example of a public journal possessing the advantages of a continuous policy under a continu- ous management. There is but one more element of edi- torial character necessary to portray in order to illustrate what this stalwart man has wrought through the Times. That is a firm hold on principle for its own sake and in preference to all lesser and less worthy considerations. After all, this is what has made the Los An- geles Times the journal it has been, and is. under the editorial guidance of Gen. Harrison Gray Otis. The Los Angeles Times is recognized throughout the country as the original and foremost champion of the great principle of industrial freedom. It is not only the foremost, but the boldest, the most aggressive and persistent champion of that vital cause. It has been the fate or the fortune of the Times to fight, and to win, one of the most stubbornly contested battles for unions in 1890, and ended in the com- Ihe rfght of employers to control their plete triumph of "the Rock of Los An- own property and regulate their own geles" and his associates of the Times- affairs, under the law, that ever took Mirror Co. place in this country. That conflict was Stalwart of frame, with a powerful causelessly begun by the typographical constitution, and possessing rational TREMT© Famous and a success as A Try Out City Not only a testing ground for presidents but A Make Good City For 250 National Advertisers during 1912 and 112 National Advertisers in March 1913 TrentoinL Timmes A 100,000 city with Million=a=Month Pay Roll A 25,000 net circulation covering 75 suburban towns =S)inniii 220 Fifth Avenue NEW YORK Peoples Gas BIdg. CHICAGO For Today and for Posterity The Brooklyn Daily Eagle LINEN PAPER EDITION On file in the Principal Libraries of the country. Brooklyn with its home population of 1,750,000, and its annual growth of over 55,000, is a worth-while field for general advertisers. It can be ade- quately covered by the Brooklyn Eagle, the paper that carries the second largest amount of advertising of all the newspapers in Greater New York. A Modern City Almost in the center of one-third of the population of the United States, Paterson, New Jersey, holds a strategic posi- tion that the wise advertiser cannot fail to appreciate. Paterson is the third city of New Jersey and twent}'- fourth in the United States in manufactures. An advertiser likes to appeal to an intelligent audience, because he knows that they can best appreciate and are most likely to respond to his selling arguments. A Modern Ne\vspaper The Paterson Press is Paterson's most modern and up-to- date newspaper. It reaches 90 per cent, of the thinking men and women of Paterson every evening. The purchasing power of its cir- culation far exceeds that of any other evening paper in the City. It refuses all objectionable advertising, medical and other- wise, maintains its rates, and is considered by prominent men in all walks of life to be the best and most influential paper in Paterson, and that kind of a newspaper alisrays brings results. PRESS-CHRONICLE CO. Paterson, N. J. Publishers Paterson Press — Sunday Chronicle W. B. Bryant, General Manager Payne & Young, Foreign Representatives 82 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST The predominance of the Star in Washington is more striking now than at any time in its 60 years of successful and steady growth. It stands the acid test in every particular. The compe- tition in Washington is no longer for first place in either circulation or advertising. No city is covered more thoroughly by one newspaper than is ^^'ash- ington by the Star with its one edition published every alter- noon at 3 o'clock. The net paid circulation of this one edition is now 70,000 each day ; 97 per cent, is in the city proper, or within 25 miles of the Capital. Only 3 per cent, beyond that distance. The Star carries practically all of the general high class ad- vertising that comes to Wash- ington, much of it exclusively. The Department Stores spend more money in the Evening Star every year than in all the other dailies added together and multiplied by two. PRESIDENT mmn msm t o cohcress. ■ QUARTERLY REPORT CIRCULATION ADVERTISING 3,SU^4|BM There is more paid classified advertising in the Star than in all of the other dailies combined. For the past year or more the Star has run conspicuously in its columns the following no- tice : "The Star will be glad to have its attention called to any misleading or untrue statement if such should appear at any time in any advertisement in its columns. Readers are re- quested to assist in protecting themselves and legitimate ad- vertisers." The Star goes further and eliminates all distasteful adver- tising and imitation readers. Notwithstanding these rigid restrictions there are but few papers in the country that carry a greater volume of advertising and the confidence of the reader insures results universally to its advertisers. The Star is represented in New York by Mr. Dan A. Car- roll, Tribune Building, and in Chicago by Mr. W. Y. Perry, First National Bank Building. POPFPASSFR M llr>77 TDT/r\7i^ T/^ 7j 7? OT >^ n I? niPAr^T? TAT n/TT?VT/~^r\ t WILSON HOLDS ip^'^^PftiT 'phqne aa 33 33 33 33 33. 33:33 33 33 33 33 33 33.33 33 33 33 33 33 33 .3-^ 33 33,33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 31 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 m New Free Press Housing New Building, Plant. IVAL SSOF TATESi: Great Achievements mark our 82nd Year! and these great achievements are on \y in turn have achieved for our advertisers. The Formal Opening of Our Ne Building On May 1st will be but another epoch the march of progress that keeps the Detr( Free Press far in the forefront, and at tl Celebrate Our 82d Anniversary. ili^Captain Hood of Dread- =- — proportion to the great things we ii The Largest Year's Business in Ou History Is still another achievement of the twelv months just past, further proving the effic ency of the Detr - '^ - gette The Press :sult iday Detroit Free Press Goes to upwards of 500,000 readers every Sunday— a splendid and fertile field for bctJi National and local advertisers. The Morning Detroit Free Press Dominates tl claimed by mc rning field \v th its 76.0011 ::ula ion— THREE mes that nv other mornir s largest 2c. of New York. Permanently Passed the 100,000 Cir- culation Mark. The average net paid circulation of the Sun- day Detroit Free Press having reached and passed the 105,000 mark, without the aid of padding or "Bull Dog" editions. DETROIT-MICHIGAN VERREE & CONKLIN, Inc., Representatives NEW YORK, N.Y., Bnmswick Building CHICAGO ILL Steger Boildii -_ Inomiiiirrnnn winim 83 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST habits General Otis fortunately liad the prison. The result was a full vindica- editorial rooms were at 9 Ste. Therese 200 picks and 300 shovels, together wltfi strenRth to toil during a quarter of a tion of General Otis' contention, and street. 200 cartage sleighs, to commence opera- centurv at the head of the Times pha- brought world-wide fame to Detective The old buildings in which the paper tions m clearmg the streets ot Montreal, lanx in the arduous work of creating Burns. started are no longer in existence; the Apply at the Star oftice on .Monday, the' 'noble journal which he loves so The Los Angeles Times— phoenix- conditions in which it was at first pub- In an editorial, the newspaper promised much and which has become part of like— has arisen from its ashes and is lished have changed almost absolutely, to advance the money for the work, and his life His strong right arm in the once more, as it always has been, the The Montreal of that day had a popu- announced that a mandamus would be discharee of his taxing tasks is his champion of law, order and individual lation of one hundred thousand, to-day taken out against the city surveyor and stalwart and capable 'son-in-law, Harry liberty. It stands far higher in the es- it has half a million; then it was a aldermen This was on a Saturday and Chandler, who has borne a large part timation of the American people than it slowly growing town amid somewhat on Monday the Stars l^^ick and^snoyei in the later uevelopment of the paper. ever did before THE MONTREAL LA PRESSE. The founder of La Presse was VV. E. Blumhart, and its first oftice of publica- tion was at 1.5-lU Notre Uame street — opposite the City Hall and alongside the historic Chateau de Ramesay. The sleepy surroundings, to day it is the Brigade was formed commercial and financial center of the Dominion. The Star developed with the city and the nation, Mr. Gra- ham grew witli tlie growth of both. In .\pril, 1S70, the business oflice was lemoved to 8U Little St. James street, and in ."August to yl St. James street. hundreds more arly days of La Presse were times of where it remained until April 22, 1S74, frequent changes. Mr. Blumhart' health failed shortly after the paper ap- peared, and it changed hands several times until, in November, 188l>, twenty- two years ago, it was acquired by Mr. TrefHe Berthiaume, when 024 Craig street became the lo- cation of the struggle for success. Back of this Imilding was located the Racquet Court, which was torn down, and a new building erected and occupied present pro- by the Star from 1880 to 1900, when the prietor. handsome structure on St. James street. La Presse had already established it- occupied by the paper of later times, self as one of the newspapers of Mont- „as constructed to meet the growing real. The future was Dy no means requirements of the journal. lirigbt, but the new proprietor was not During 188.J an old-time trouble de- daunted liy dilificulties resolutely, equipped practical training, and with the deter- mination to make La Presse the national paper of the French Canadian people. The foundation of La Presse madi He set to work veloped"in Montreal to most alarming ith a splendid oroportions. Smallpox, owing to pop- ular prejudice among the French-Cana- dians against vaccination, and to an oft- expressed belief by practising medical men among that section of the people During her lifetime he was continu- ally aided by his noble, loyal and bril- liant wife, Mrs. Lliza A. Otis, whose editorial, poetical and other contribu- tions to the Times went far toward making it. Of all the hard blows re- ceived .and unflinchingly borne by her bereft husband in the fierce battle of lif J, the hardest was the loss oi the "' ■ ■ ■ ■ ife of his youth :poch in the newspaper history of that the vaccine supplied for the pur French Canada. It was the first French pQ^g ^^gs not pure, had been frequently paper published strictly as a vehicle of epidemic in ilontreal, notably in the ' ■ ' -'"'"' "S distinct from yg^^s ibetween ,1872-1881, when the was to give all deaths totaled 4,911. In 1885 the dis- the most complete and g^^j. developed again and spread rap- dly. The deaths numbered six in April, forty-six in July, and forty-five id information a party organ. Its ai the news, readable manner, together with other matter and information most interest OI^IVES S. KEBSHUAIT. than the number mentioned came for- ward, including all classes of the com- munity. Stirred into action, (he civic authorities continued the' work com- Nov. 12, 1904, On October 1, 1910, occurred the dyna- mite explosion that wrecked and set fire to the building of the Los Angeles j^ (he Province of Quebec, he was edu- Times, and killed twenty-one of the em- g^t^j (here and at the college at St. ployes. General Otis immediately took Hyacinthe. the' ground that this was a dastardly act ^fjer working for a number of years of revenge on the part of labor unionists ^j ^ practical printer, he founded th to the reading public. The public j„ t,he next two weeks of August. On was not slow to recognize and appre- ^ug. 15 the Star drew attention to the fenced 'by the"pick "and shovel brigade ; -ate this new^ departure in journahsm. situation, pointed out the conditions t^g streets were cleared, traffic was surrounding the previous epidemics, and ^jpened up, and the work of the city re- declared that the 400 cases then existing gumed. the city indicated another and a Qn Oct 5. 1899. when war with the ■Vaccination was advocated Transvaal became imminent— coupled with obvious complications in Europe many occasions tne btar urged tne pass- ^yjjich made a great international con- ■_ of civic by-laws for (1) compulsory jij^t possible— the Star declared edi- vaccination of infants; (2) an efficient torially that the Canadian Government's -■" "' '"' """' ''^^ '''° "naction was disgraceful, and on the and as a result the growth of circula tion w^as rapid. The Hon. T. Bertliiau Crete example of what a man may ac- severe oi.^ , „^^...ui.„.. ..„.< ■beautilul and gracious wife of his youth gompijsh through courage, energy, de- ^„^ pressed upon the people, am and of^hi^s^mature manhood. She died termination and faith in his own ability ^^ny occasions the Star urged the ^^ make a success of anything he under- takes. ,„^^,.,„,.,^.. ^x ,...«....., ^-y ^ Born on Aug. i 1848, at St. Hughes gygtem of sanitary inspection; (3) th and, with his indomitable fighting spirit Gephardt Berthiaume Lithograph fully aroused, set out William J. Burns, the emii reorganization of the board of health ; (4) a compulsory system of birth regis- tration. The inertia of the authorities and of the people was hard to overcome, but Mr. Graham fought personally as well Printing Co., of Montreal, and was also ^^ through his paper for the interests of associated in the publication of Le jj^^ ^jty jj^. ^^^s appointed, with six Monde lllnstre, an illustrated weekly others, on a civic health committee well and favorably known in Montreal ^y,.|jg^ undertook a vigorous campaign some 3'_ears ago. f^r vaccination and isolation, backed up In November, 1889, Mr Berthiaume ^j ^^,^^^ p^j^j by the pressure of the became proprietor of La Presse, which g^^^. ^^^^^^ py|^,|g opjnjon Failing to at that time was a small struggling pub- gi^tai,, bv ordinary means the use of lication, and by 1904 (when he disposed jheir buildings from the Exhibition of it to a joint stock company), had authorities as an isolation hospital, Mr. built up Its circulation until it had the Graham got a requisition to call out following day specifically urged the im- mediate sending of a large contingent of troops from the Dominion. The re- sponse was an avalanche of telegrams, largest distribution of any Canadian daily newspaper. He repurchased it in 1906 and has since published it entirely independent of all political parties, of all factions, or of any individual group of interests, THE MONTREAL STAR. The origin, struggles, progress, suc- cess and policies of a great newspaper before the end of the year, make up an ever interesting and impor- In 1887 the Star initiated, and Mr. tant record. When to these conditions Graham personally organized, a fresh air added the further one of a striking fund by which, in this year and for the troops and himself took possession and turned the great structure into pub- lic service for the patients who were now dying at the rate of a hundred a week. But the campaign of the paper and of Mr. Graham, backed up by in- telligent citizens, now had its effect, and the back of the epidemic was broken JAS. GOEDON BENNETT was set to work and, after months of personality behind the enterprise as a business, and within the newspaper as a journalistic force, the historical record is still more attractive. It was two years after confederation that the Mont- real Star was founded by an ambitious voung man with a certai each succeeding year, sums of money were collected for the purpose of giving working mothers and poor children a glimpse of country life and a bit of country health. More than 100,000 nen and children were thus helped THE EI.DEB BENNETT. shrewdness and, linally, a large summer home and letters and messages, urging action, and investigations, he arrested the two Mc- 'of disposition, with a few years' ex- grounds were personally provided by in many cases volunteering personally Namara brothers, national labor leaders, perience as a bookkeeper and business Graham. for the front. On Oct. 9, 10, 11, the and charged them as being the princi- manager on other papers, with plenty During the following year a unique Star published hundreds of telegrams pals in the great crime. of pluck and something under a bun- incident occurred in connection with ac- and whole pages of messages which de- Their arrest was the cause of a great dred dollars in cash capital. Associated cumulations of ice and snow and win- manded prompt Government action, and hue and cry throughout the entire coun- with Hugh Graham in this extraordi- ter filth which had made the streets oi on Oct. 11 it was announced that a con- try about persecution of labor leaders, nary undertaking was a brilliant jour- Montreal impassable, stopped the street tingent of 1,000 would go at once, and the arrested men were hailed as nalistic writer of that day, George T. car busses of that period, and buried The Star then took up the question martyrs, but these cries were hushed Lanigan. 'The first issue of the paper the street car tracks. After repeatedly of paying the expenses of these and when, upon being brought to trial, the was on Jan. 16, i809, under the name of urging the citv council to action, the other troops who might go to the front, two McNamaras made full confession the Evening Star, the business office Star, on April 7, 1888, published the fol- and on the 1.3th editorially described and were sentenced to long terms in was at 64 St. James street, and the tiny lowing; "The Star wants 500 men, with the Government as "Cowards in Coun- 84 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST The Only Paper That Does Not Get or Maintain Its Circulation in Indian- apolis by Solicitation, Contests Premiums is or The Evening and Sunday Sun Second Largest City Circulation in Indianapolis, and All Voluntary Circulation. Not Bought by Solicitors, Contests or Premiums. WHAT CONSTITUTES A GREAT NEWSPAPER And the greatest of these is Accuracy. Disposition, as in human beings, is likewise an element making for success or failure, and it is only those newspapers that have kept themselves sweet and wholesome, optimistic and cheerful, that have preserved an abiding faith in humanity and an ever present sympathy for its weaknesses and failures, that can be called trul)- great. Sensationalizing that imperils business and property rights, that destroys character or reputation ; Crusading that engenders spite, envy and hatred, that arrays or seeks to array class against class and man against man — these are the Scylla and Charybdis between which the newspaper that would be great and useful must steer with unerring accuracy and care. NINETY-FIVE PER CENT. ACCURATE. Once upon a time, not so very long ago, the Mayor of the City of Cincinnati summoned to his ollice all of the Cit}' Hall reporters. Some of them, influenced doubtless by their editors, had been shaping news with reference to certain editorial policies, while others, through indifference or design, or for personal reasons, had been guilty of misstatement of fact. When all were assembled, the Mayor reproved the tergiversators, and admon- ished them to be truthful and accurate, concluding with the following statement : "The Enquirer is a daily chronicle of the world's events. It may be depended upon as being' ninety-five per cent, accurate, which is so close to absolute accuracy that its statements may be looked upon as an official program of events as they happen from day to da}^ It does not color its news, and hence, if fifty 3'ears from now one would desire to refer to the past, a perusal of The Enquirer would give data with an exactness only to be found in the best history. It is for this reason that it is looked upon as the greatest paper of the day." In that epigrammatic statement the whole secret of the supremac}' of The Cincinnati Enquirer is told. The religious, the educational, the business, the financial, the sporting world for more than 70 years has endorsed and emphasized the declaration of the Mayor of Cincinnati, and has evidenced it b}' a steadily increasing patronage. Attractiveness - Comprehensiveness - Accuracy THE TRINITY The supremacy of The Cincinnati Enquirer has not been builded upon chance or fortuitous happening, but upon the bed- rock of intelligence,, enterprise, integrity and accuracy. It has never crusaded for the furtherance of personal ambition, costly to the public and subyersi^•e of its institutions, nor has it ever advo- cated wild and untried theories dangerous to the industrial, commercial and financial prosperity of city, State and nation, but it has undeviatingly, unwaveringly and fearlessly recorded his- tory as it has been made, concednig to its world wide and intelli- gent constituents the right to interpret the actions of men and institutions. That is why, after the lapse of nearly three-quarters of a century, The Cincinnati Enquirer stands pre-eminent among- American newspapers, justifying m every sense the encomium of "The Greatest Newspaper of the Day." It is scarcely necessary to outline the scope and eft'ectiveness of the incomparable newsgathering machine, builded through the years with tireless energy and unremitting care. Allied with the Associated Press, the greatest newsgathering organization of this or an}' other time, maintaining its own leased wire service to the great marts of trade, of social and scientific activity, culti- vating and holding warm reciprocal relations with the greatest newspapers in strategic news positions. The Enquirer adds still further to the perfection of its newsgathering organization by the employment of more than 2,500 correspondents, covering every city and town of anj- importance in Canada, the United States and Mexico. The retention of trained correspondents in the great capitals of the world across the waters makes the news- gathering organization complete and all comprehensive. Because it is neither boastful nor faultfinding, but truthful, simple, honest and progressive, with a world-wide reputation for dependability, The Cincinnati Enquirer is warml}' welcomed by its eager readers wherever it goes. It neither sacrifices its inde- pendence, its dress nor its make-up to the dictatorial advertiser, but first, last and all the time exerts every vibrant fibre of its organization for the benefit and enlightenment of its readers. The discriminating advertiser chooses its columns because The Enquirer brings to the threshold of the seller a high class, intelli- gent and desirable throng of buyers. 85 Tttfc lEDltOR And pUSL1SM£R and JOtTRNALtST r\V' (or not takine decisive action along carried on, and at the next Parliamen- has been an active, interesting and pros- pa., and the subscription to the Gazette tl k ine Meanwhile great public inter- tary session an amendment was passed Perous one, yie ding agreeable revenues ^as reduced to $2 per year. The feel- tms une. -^"^'Ylt n the statement that repealing the misapplied clauses in the and attaining desirable reputation. j^g between the Federdist and anti- est had been .^ - -,-;,,--, j a friend of Sir C. Tupper had volun- code and the lottery shops and agencies teered to insure the lives of the troops promptly went out of business. to the amount of a million dollars. The j^g kaNSAS CITY STAR. name was not made known, and it only transpired years afterwards that Mr. Hugh Graham was the donor of the importance, large sum of money which been required for premiums. wspaper that, at the outset, joins Federalist parties running high, the Ga- its destiny to that of its community, ae- ^ette suported the Washington party, terrained to win success lor itself by Mr. Brackenridge withdrew and edited striving continually for advancement for ^^e Tree of Life. September 18. 1880, is a date of some the town, to encourage the making of xhe war of 1812 was opposed by the ,u. „. ...^ ...iportance. At Chicago, on that day, 'hat town a better, and better, ana yet Gazette until actual fighting began, when must have Maud S., by traveling at an average ever better place to hve in and to do jt became a staunch supporter of the speed of a fraction of an inch over forty business in and to be proud of— such a Government, efficient and feet a second, achieved the fastest re- newspaper, when passing years have j^bn Scull retired from the Gazette J.U ,M t'rTthe FmDire in tie t me of corded mile that a horse had ever trot- demonstrated its purpose, must lind that Aug. 1, mple aid to the t-mpire in tne time oi ^^j_.^ . ^^^ it bas a unique place in the community, Morgan 1816. He was succeeded by _ ,. Morgan Neville as editor and his son. On that same day, in Kansas City, a place impossible of attainment by any j^bn I. Scull, as business manager. The Mo., there appeared the first issue of a intlividual or by any other institution, paper passed into the control of David small but snappy paper which, proclaim- '^o individual, no other institution is a^j m. McLean in 1822, who published ing itself to be a good and timely thing, given such responsibilities or must meet jt for five years, when Neville B. i^raig declared that it had "come to stay." This such requirements, in such a newspaper became owner. Under his administra- confident journalistic youngster con- is concentrated a range of endeavor im- tjo^ the paper prospered and became sisted of four small pages of si.K narrow possible to any indnidual, and it takes columns each, and upon its brow was on the quality ot Liii/tJNSlili:', a printed, in nice Old English te.xt: quahiy denied to the product ot any THE KANSAS CITY EVENING "'"xo'me community, it must be guide, S 1 AK. philosopher and Inend. it must be eth- Vol. 1. No. 1. Saturday, September 18, cient in looking after those attairs which, 1880. Price Two Cents. 'being everybody s business, are no- The price was two cents a copy — ten body s.' A sentinel on the city's wall, it cents a week. The established morning must he vigilant in warning of the ap- papers sold for five cents. In that day proach ot tne enem^- — the scneming poii- pennies were few on this free and fes- -tician, tne knavish otiiceholder, the sham five side of the Mississippi, so the Kan- patriot, the entrenched laworeaker, the sas City Evening Star brought to town plotter ot private gain by the peoples a barrel or two of brand new minting, aespoilment. A prophet ot ever a greater to-morrow, it must preach the doctrine of better things and ot whole- some dissacistaction with things that are unworthy. A perpetual sanitary com- the puDlic health must be its and advertised the fact PENNIES AND TWO-CENT PIECES furnished in amounts to suit at the ofiice of the Evening Star, 407 4U9 Delaware street. ^^^ ^.^^ - j^.j ^„^ lauitiness that Afterward glorious Maud S. lowered ^.^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ,tirelessiy ex- JASOm BOQEBS. CHAKLES E. GIIAST7. nnH^=".H"ti"e^iH?/tw.nl°e^"wl>^tb; posed to the Cleansing mtluence Ot public ^ell known. In 1833 the Gazette was onds, and the little newspaper with the ^„owleoge. Almoner-in-General, it must made a daily paper, - ?L^ P"5'll.^l" ?.^'^.LZTi illummare the need and collect the funds Ti 1840 AlexLc war or stress was maintained through- American spirit grew as a sturdy tree out the South African struggle, while a grows, and developed into the Kansas children's patriotic fund was also es- Gity Star, Evening, Morning, Sunday tablished to aid the families of Bn'ish and Weeklv. printed by five great quad- soldieis killed or injured in the war. To ruple perfecting presses and one huge this 150,000 children subscribed through octuple, consuming each day nearly the columns of the Star. Inc '"''"*" " when calamity calls ; and sion abuses tne helpless ander Graham became hen oppres- owner of the Gazette, Mr. Craig reirtain- sfortune ing as editor. Pittsburgh had whole matter put this Montre dentally the thirty-eight tons of pap real journal pressly for it in its own p er made paper mill. ,viiuic ludLuci puL iiiio i.-i-v^-.L, ..i^. j^„...... pressiy lor it in its own paper miii. . - , -, ^,,„- ,^ „.^^ ,^.^,-oUr thp , — ,, , ■^- r i.t n a very clear light as having national ^ ^ ^ot by chance that the Star's ^°' and accompl shed it was raeiely the held the position for 12 years. „fl„P„./ ». he-, J more than a local or !,„„';"?„ 7.„."t r-J Tilflr. =»f. standard-bearer for a community united Mr. Craig's editorship the Ga; assails the weak, it must become the progress in the newspaper line then, conscience of the community. there being four daihes, 11 weeklies, iO "bo, the ivansas City btar, Aet. XX'V periodicals and 18 printing offices, and leeiing very well, thank you, believ- p n. White on July 20, 1841, became ing that in everything that it has striven editor, succeeding Mr. Craig who had Under influence' as being more than "a local or home'-is'Tn Kansas" Citv"""Bef ore "set- standard-bearer tor a community united Mr. Craig's editorship the Gazette op- provincial paper, as being, in reality, an fCg down in the midst of the rougii- '" splendid ambitions, working together po^ed the Masons, and consequently the imperial factor. During the following hewn to™n that th^ was a thirnf ^ for high ideals with unequaled energy nomination of Clay, until the retirement decade this policy was developed alon| ^eZryaTo. the%roecT hovered in sus- -" ""^^'f^'?",%°"frdnn:T meS « °.* ^^ ^^ ^'T' "'° ^'^ '" '"'T'for lines of closer imperial unity in council pense and scrutinized the whole wide ghmpse ot ^V^'''' '^^as done or tried to the paper, whereupon it came out for and commerce, in tariffs and transpor- Western field, from St. Louis to San do, much m the spirt ot a trustee mak- Qay and supported him during the cam- tation, in naval and military organiza- Francisco, with an estimating and ■"& an accounting ot a trust. pa,gn. j 1.1 • v,, ,,, tion, in cable systems and press rela- prophetic eve. This precautionary sur- THE GAZETTE-TIMES. Messrs. ijrooks and naignt tnen vey finished, the Star cast its lot with THE GA^h 1 It lIMtS. took charge of the Gazette and with Kansas City as confidently as if there The Pittsburgh Gazette-Times, origi- other papers arranged for a te egraphic had been no rival cities in the contest nally the Pittsburgh Gazette, is contera- news service, the hrst west ot the AUe- for future greatness in the Great West, poraneous with the settlement that has The wisdom of the decision has never grown into the fifth largest metropoli- fluttered in a moment's doubt. The tan district in the United States. In rocky, mud-crowned cliffs that shadow point of continuous publication it is the the Big Muddy were ever the destined second oldest newspaper in the United eyrie of the sturdiest eagle among the States. mid-continental cities. The Pittsburgh Gazette was establish- Diligent solicitors were the advance ed Julv 21), ITSO, as has been stated in agents of the Star, and they enrolled the early part of our story, tor some nearly three thousand subscribers before years previous Pittsburgh had been a publication began, Saturday, September military post, but it was not until 1786 18, in the little offices, upstairs, at 407 that it developed into a trading center, and 409 Delaware street. The first proprietors oi the paper were The Kansas City Evening Star re- John Scull and Joseph Hall, who had ceived a cordial greeting from populace learned the printers' trade in Philadel- and press. The morning papers patted phia and came to Pittsburgh at the re- it on the head kindly and called it "the quest of Henry H. Brackenridge, one of Twilight Twinkler." ^ the fluent writers of the then Western And so the Star began to shine. frontier, who served as its editor. The At the close of the first year the Star printing outfit was brought from Phil- had a circulation of 7,820 copies, and in adelphia on pack horses, that first twelve-month the little craft fhe early numbers oi the Gazette i.uw=u.u ill, 3 ,ai.^. ^,^,,.^..1 ..u^ .-. had definitely charted the course it was ^^ere small. At times it consisted only ghany mountains. In 1847 Erastus ther indicated bv the knighthood which to steer by throughout all its days. of half sheets, and at other times was Brooks became editor for one year, when came to Mr Graham in 1908 and the The first Sunday issue of the Star ap- printed on cartridge paper secured from D. N. White again assumed full charge, chorus of approval which was expressed peared April 29, 1894. Fort Duquesne. Printing paper in those continuing the management until 1856, by the newspapers of Canada, while it The continued policy of the Kansas jays was scarce. . when he was succeeded by D. L. Eaton was strengthened by the prominent part City Star has been one of helpfulness the original subscription trice of the and Russell Errett, by whom it was con- wliich Sir Hu<^h took at the Imperial and friendly criticism to the cornmunity Gazette was i7s. 6d. (about $4.20) per ducted until 1859, when a new organi- Press Conference of 1909 as represent- which it serves, and in which it is lo- ear, and the publishers had to take zation was formed, consisting of S. Rid- in-' the Montreal Star cated. This spirit is well set forth in ^^^^ ^f ^^ {„ trade. There being no die, Mr. Errett. J. A. Crum and D. L. During all this time the Star had 'ts Twenty-fifth Anniversary number, postoffice, Mr. Scull improvised one, and Eaton. This partnership lasted until continued its policy of helping good published Sept. 18, 1905, in which ap- succeeded in having the Government put 1866 when F. B. Penniman, Josiah King, causes and trying to destroy local evils. Peared the following: on a post rider from Bedford, Pa., to N. P. Reed and Thomas Houston be- In 1898 it came to the rescue of an his- A quarter-century's endeavor. Pittsburgh, which thus b came a post- came owners, with Houston and King as toric church building in Montreal which "Yesterday the Kansas City Star com- omce and he the postmaster. editors. Henry M Long began as edi- was threatened by the foreclosure of a pleted its twenty-fifth year, and to-day Joseph Hall died isov, 10, li86, and tonal writer in 1877, but did not remain mortgage— St. James Methodist Church, it begins its second quarter-century. The Joan Boyd purchased his interest. In long with the paper selling out his in- In 1890 a crusade was initiated career which began Saturday, September 1797 the making of paper was com- terest to George W. Reed and D. L, against lotteries ; the fight was sternly 18, 1880, in a small but determined way, menced at Redstone, Fayette County, Fleury. EIiBEBT H. BAEEB. tionship. This latter element was fur JOHN- B. TO'WNSBND. THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST T'wo Bi^ Papers MaKe Combination Rate The Grand Forks, North Dakota EVENING TIMES AND MORNING HERALD Will in future have one rate for their combined circulation of over 90 000 Owing to the train service the morning and The following display rates were made effect- evening editions have less than 3% duplication, ive April 1, 1913: giving each an individual and exclusive field in 250 agate lines or less 6 cents a territory of approximately 280,000 throughout 1399 " " " " 51/2 cents the north half of North Dakota. 1400 " " " more 5 cents DEMAND POSITION 15% ADDITIONAL Carpenter-Scheerer Special Agency Foreign Representatives TIMES-HERALD PUBLISHING CO. FiftK Avenue BIdg. Peoples Oas BIdg. NewYorR Chicago NORMAN B. BLACK, General Manager. Detroit Saturday Night is an established factor in the newspaper life of Detroit and Michigan. Its influence advances beyond the bounds of its home community, and in this larger influence there have come both to the readers of, and the advertisers in, Detroit Saturday Ni^ht a larger measure of personal profit. Foreign Advertising Representatives: F. S. KELLY & CO. GEO. H. ALCORN 1216 Peoples Gas BIdg. " Tribune BIdg. CHICAGO NEW YORK _._, . g^ ________ „__^__^,,___ THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST In 1873 King, Reed & Co. took charge of the Gazette with Josiah King as edi- tor-in-diicf. In 1877 the Gazette bought a controlling interest in the CommerciaJ. a paper that had been established bv C. D. Bingham in 1801 and which had be- come noted for its outsnoken Republi- canism. Russell Errett was political edi- tor and Col. Richard Real! literary edi- tor. Upon the consolidation of the papers the title was changed to the Commercial Gazette. Mr. Errett remained as editor until he went to Congress. He was suc- ceeded by William Anderson, w-ho re- Time who help to unfurl the proud Ban- tive head was Joseph Medill McCor- ner of the Stars and Stripes: May their mick, a grandson of Joseph Medill. successors -Advocate their principles and Since 1910 James Kcelcy. who joined Chronicle in their Gazette to the Ameri- the Tribune staff twenty-one years ago can People that the Spirit of the Age as a reporter, has been general man- requires them to Post their Daybooks ager. Robert R. McCormick, former and Journals and receive a Dispatch by president of the Chicago sanitary dis- Teleeraph to prove a welcome Visitor trict. a grandson of Joseph Medill, is to the Manufacturers of the Iron City." president of the Tribune Co., and Jo- Duncan & Dunn became the owners seph Medill Patterson, another grand- of the Chronicle in 1849 and published son, is secretary. The paper occupies it until 18-51, when Barr & McDonald several floors of a seventeen-story assumed the ownership. In 1853 Mr. building erected by the Tribune in the Barr sold his interest to the Rev. Sam- heart of Chicago's loop district, uel Babcock, and in the following year The Tribune's daily circulation is in Kennedy brothers purchased the paper, excess of 250,000 and its Sunday circu- Charles'McKnight became owner of the lation is in excess of 380,000. It has paper in 1850, publishing it until 180.3, been and is an unrivaled advertisinp phy's attitude be described than in the sentiments \':>iccfl by President Wood- row Wiliiiii: "Tlic time has come when we nmsl rccumiize the fact that the man who serves will be the man who profits." The Tribune began to profit the day that it began to render service. That was the day wdien Mr. Murphy took it over. During the years that preceded tile present regime, the people of the Northwest had come to look upon all newspapers as selfishly seeking their own personal profit without doing very much to better the condition of the peo- ple who read their columns day after medium. Its newspaper accomplish- ments include many notable "scoops" from civil war times to the present. It gave the country the first news of the P. P. GLASS. mained in the positio,. until 1900, when the paper was purchased from the Reed estate by George T. Oliver. In 1901, when a Sunday edition v.as established, the name w^as changed to the original title, the Pittsburgh Gazette. This was retained until 1900, when the Pittsburgh Times was purchased by Mr. Oliver and the name consolidated into the Gazette- Times. In editorial policy the Gazette-Times is an advocate of Republican principles and the maintenance of a protective tariff. THE CHRONICLE-TELEGRAPH. The Pittsburgh Chronicle-Telegraph, the oldest afternoon newspaper in Pitts- burgh, is under the same ownership and management as the Pittsburgh Gazette- Times. It was first published in May, 1841, and was called the Iron City and Pitts- burgh Weekly Chronicle, with R. G. Burford as publisher and J. Herron when Joseph G. Siebeneck secured con trol. Joseph Collins bought an interest in 1874, but held it only a short time. In 1884 the Chronicle was merged with the Telegraph, a paper which had been started in the eaily '70s by H. Bucher Swoope and had passed through many hands before its purchase by the Chronicle. At this time Ralph Bagga- ley secured control of the paper. Mr. Siebeneck remained as director and lat- er as editor of what bad. by the merger, become the Chronicle-Telegraph. The tl paper was bougnt a couple of years lat- er by Campe, Huntington & Byram. re- of Port Arthur. maining under their ownership until the In 1900 Mr. Keeley, then managing latter part of 1900, when it was bought editor of the Tribune, tracked Paul. O by George T. Oliver. Stensland, the fugitive bank president. Soon after this last change in owner- to Morocco, arrested him and brought ship the Chronicle-Telegraph was pub- him back to Chicago for trial and pun- lished from the same plant as the Com- ishment. In 1910 the Tribtme was re- capti of 1 Island .\.i. in in 1803 ; it gave th; ; lirsl t public atiiHi .if the text of the sion of the Xea Testament bv the "L( jndor 1 Cunii nitlLx ■" in IRSl ; ; it publ the ishe,. ,1 til e incoi lu- 1; IX decision of United States Sup. ■enie Court in 1895 in advance of its t ilelivevy by the court : it ga ve the first news. c\en to the Go^ ■ernrr lent, of the Battle of Ma- nila. Ir 1 ]90; 5 it had a scoop on the fall ial-Gazette. now the Gazette-Tim ;s. sponsi bie for the exposure of "jack pot" lanagement the Chronicle-Telegraph and the Gazette-Times made great prog- ress and the Oliver newspaper institu- Under their present ownership and corruption in the Illinois legislature and 'in the election of William Lorimer to the United States Senate. . . The Tribune inaugurated the now na- tion is among the leading journalistic tionwide movement for the sane Fourth, enterprises of the country. It started the good fellow movement which annually introduces the children of the poor to Christmas and Santa Claus. It operates a department for the distribution of ice in the summer in the ^ , , ,, congested districts of Chicago and a Ti ^ management o James Kelly ^^^^^^ j,^ ;j^j ^^ jhe Fox River for t,''r^:.^!.^c":J°^^^Lb „a£?.1" the women and children ot the tene- ments. Its social service departments have been increased from year to year. They now include a health denartment con- ducted by Dr. W. A. Evans, former THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE. The first issue of the Cnicago Tri- bune was published June 10, 1847, un- der the management of James Kelly, and Thomas Stewart. Soon afterward it took over the Gem of the Prairie, a paper founded in 1844 as a weekly edition of the Tribune. In the spring of 1855 Joseph Medill vho had been connected with various Up.,i,-u ^om PSANK B. NOTHS. Foster and William H. Whitney as edi- tors. In January, 1842, it became a two- cent dail)', but the weeklv w'as continued at $2 per year. In November, 1810, a penny paper called the Morning Telegraph was start- ed by Thomas W. Wright who had been connected with the Chronicle. About this time the Morning Clipper was is- sued bv Bryant & McClellan, but was soon merged with the Morning Tele- graph. Pittsburgh in 1847 contained quite a number of dailies and weeklies, as evi- denced by the following toast offered at a banquet of printers held Christmas eve, 1847; "The printers of the Olden ler of Chicago ; a friend of the peonle denartment for the investigation of complaints and in- quiries regarding public service; a legal friend of the people to supplv informa- tion and opinions regarding law, and a city planning department which under- takes to direct attention to needed changes and reforms in soc'nl. political and administrative phases of the city's life. Other departments are m charge of Marion Harland. Lnura Jean Libbcy. Jane Eddington and Lillian Russell. Its writers include B. L. T.. Ella W. Peat- tie. Jeannette Gilder and "Observer." Amona' its cartoonists are McCutcheon and Briegs. The Tribune sunnorted the Progres- s'vc cause in the 1912 election. THE MINNEAPOLIS TRIBUNE. The Minneapolis Tribune was estab- Init its real history niav ■ from March, 1891. when purchased it from $1,000 each. In the same year the Chi- Aklen J. "Blethei'i for $4.50.000. Uo to cago Democrat, the city's first newspa- the time it was purchased by Mr, Mur- per, edited for twenty-five years by John phy it was in debt for more than $.500,- newspapers in Ohio, including the Cleveland Leader, and Dr. Charles H. Ray, editor of the Jeffersonian. of Ga- lena, III., met in Chicago with letters of introduction to each other from Horace Greeley. They decided to enter the newspaper field in Chicago. Mr. Medill purchased a third interest in the Tri- bune, and Dr. Ray a fourth interest. In the eight years during which the Tribune had been published Chicago had grown from 10.000 to 80,000 popu- lation, and Mr. Medill and Dr. Ray made material impro\ements in the newspaper plant to meet the increasing opportunities, putting in a steam press, introducing copper-faced type and im- proving the news and ditorial columns. The Tribune later absorbed the Dem- ocratic Press, and in 1801 the Tribune Co. was incorporated by act of the leg- islature, with J. L. Scripps, Joseph Me- dill. William Bross, Charles H. Ray, Alfred Cowles and William H. Rand as fished stockholders. The capital stock con- |,c said to dale frr sisted of 200 shares of a par value of William J. MurpI CHAS. HOPKINS CI-ABE. day. Early Minnesota newspaper his- tory is interwoven with small bitter feuds. The larger issues were lost sight of. So it was with a thrill of gratitude that the people ot the Northwest awoke to the fact that something was to be done for the benefit of the entire peo- ple of the State, not of the chosen few wdio were seeking political favor or prestige. The first prominent stand taken by the Tribune was when it auvocated the taxing of railroad grants in Minnesota. It w^as so apparent that the scope of the publication had enlarged, so patent that petty bickerings had been left behind, that subscribers rushed to the institu- tion, and it was necessary to reconstruct the entire producing machinery of the publication to meet the popular demands that the advocating of this measure had brought forth. From that day the position of the Tri- bune was assured. Its policy was known. It had no secrets from the pub- lic, no destructive schemes to further. Wentworth, was merged with the Tri- bune. Dr. Ray edited the paper from 1801 newspaper to 1803; Mr. Medill from 1803 to 1800; Northwest Horace White from 1800 to 1874. M Medill was elected Mai'or of Chica 000. It is without a single debt to-day and has the largest circulation of anv of Chicago in the The history of the Tribune up to the _ _ _ of its taking over by Mr. Murphy ,n the intermission in his newspaper ca- vvas one of sporadic good and bad for- reer, but he took active charge of the tune. To dwell upon those early davs paper again in 1874, having acquired a would be to repeat the historv of tht majority of the stock for the first time average newspaper in the Northwest and control of the paper, which he ex- when politics, personal bias and profes- ercised until his death March 10, 1899. sional jealousy was rampant. His son-in-law, Robert W. Patterson, The standing which has been secured succeeded him and operated the paper and maintained by the Tribune and the until his death in 1910. During a part fortune built up "bv its proprietor has of the time Mr. Patterson was editor- been the result of Mr. Murphy's idea of in-chief of the paper; the actual execu- service. In no better way can' Mr. Mur- 88 B. M. JOHNSTON. It cleared its skirts of political broils. It ceased to accept political advertise- ments. Last November the Tribune re- fused thousands of lines of political ad- vertising in spite of the fact that its competitors accepted as manj'' as were offered. Politics were confined to the news columns. If it desired to advo- cate the candidacy of an3'one, it did so without charge. Mr. Murph}^ has had the foresight to surround himself with men who are en- dowed with ideals such as his. The walclnvord of the paper has been "Service." and that w^ord is continually impressed upon the mind of everyone in every department. THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST The Rising Tide That Carries Advertisers to Prosperity The CHICAGO EXAMINER'S Sworn Statement to the Government agement, circulation, etc., of CHICAGO DAILY EXAMINER, published daily at Chic Illii required Statement of the ownership, by the Act of August 24, 1912. President— Andrew M Lawrer.ce 1447 Dearborn Avenue, Chicago. 111. Business Manager— H. M. Campbell, 2244 Lincoln Park West, Chicago, 111. Treasurer— Roy D. Keehn, 5703 Washington Avenue, Chicago, 111. Publisher— Illinois Publishing and Priming Co. Secretary— Victor H. Polachek, 4852 Foreslville Avenue, Chicago, III. Managing Editor- Victor H. Polachek, 4852 Foreslville Avenue, Chicago, 111. Owners: (If a corporation, give names and addresses of stockholders holding 1 per cent, or more of total amount of stock.) WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST, New York City, New York. Daily Average Circulation CHICAGO EXAlVIirSJER October 197,539 November ...... 202,888 December ...... 205,117 January 212,749 February 233,604 March 237,072 Sunday Average Circulation CHICAGO EX^IVIIIVER October 446,364 November. ..... 481,295 December 530,189 January ...... 555,966 February 599,816 March 615,424 Average number of copies of each issue of this publication sold or distributed, through the mails or otherwise, to paid subscribers during the six months preceding the date of this statement: Six Months' Daily Average 214,828 In Total Columns of Display Advertising The Chicago Examiner Carried in CHICAGO EXAIVUNTER M. D. Hunton, Easte I Repre , 220 Fifth Ave., New York Six Months' Sunday Average 538,175 March, 1911, 1428.08 Columns March, 1912, 1778.87 Columns March, 1913, 2046.68 Columns Canadian Campaigns require study, because conditions are different to those in the States. Canada's 1911 Census gives a total population of 7,206,643, made up as follows : English speaking 3,896,985 French Canadians 2,054,890 Foreigners 1,254,768 Total . 7,206,643 Scores of papers cater to the English-speaking people, and a pros- pective advertiser has a hard time making up a list without duplication. He must use many papers to reach the 3,896,985 prospects, p'us the per- centage of foreign element which has learned enough English to read the papers and be counted as valuable. Among the 2,054,890 French people, though, conditions are different. They have their own papers, and advertisers can reach a vast army of buyers at slight expense, when compared to what it costs to reach the English-speaking element. This is due to the fact that the French people are concentrated mostly in an area which enables them to be reached by the Province of Quebec newspapers; 1,605,339 are in Quebec Province, where they con- stitute 80 per cent, of the population, and where the French language dominates; 202,442 are in Eastern Ontario, and 150,357 in New Bruns- wick and Nova Scotia — a total of 1,958,138 people in a field in which there is only one real big daily newspaper. This is the field that LA PRESSE covers, and these ditions explain how it is that LA PRESSE is CANADA' CIRCULATING DAILY. Study these March figures: peculiar con- S LARGEST Greater Montreal Province Quebec (Outside Montreal) . Total Province Quebec Elsewhere in Canada 67,022 34,349 101,371 4,407 "105^778 21,964 "127,742 LA PRESSE has the largest paid daily circulation in the City of Montreal; LA PRESSE has the largest paid daily circulation in Quebec Province, and LA PRESSE has the largest paid daily circulation in Canada of ANY Canadian daily paper. No Canadian campaign can bring maximum results unless LA PRRESSE is used, because in Canada, both French and EngHsh are offi- cial languages and both are used in the Federal Parliament. Let us show you how to get full value for the money you spend in Canada. Total in Canada ^ French Sections in New England States Grand Total THE FARMERS WEEKLY LA PRESSE (Circulation 45,0OO) covers the rural and village portions of Canada where French is spoken as thoroughly as the daily edition covers the cities and large towns. LA PRESSE, Montreal, Can. United States Salaried Representatives: WM. J. MORTON CO. Fifth Avenue Bldg., New YorK. Tribune Bldg., Chicago THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST The policy of the Tribune has been good roads not only for Minneapolis, sextuple perfecting presses are used gave way under the place the fullest possnble responsibil- but for the entire county, daily in printing the paper, and the me- glad indeed to sell ity upon everyone connected with the institution. Though the most expert he strain, and he was - . „ ... „— .„ „.ll the paper to Will- Necessarily these public activities chanical equipment is of the finest. lam Randolph Hearst, of San Francis- demanded large expenditures of Including the Bulletin, the leading pa- co, son of the late Senator Hearst. editors and copy readers are employed, ,j^^ 3,,^ ^^ney. Mr. Murphy has been Pers of Philadelphia are the Inquirer, at 'the time was < the aim of the management is to reach wiirin7to''g'ive''ifreely of "both, not only North""American,''PublicYedger!'Yress; cisco" Examiner':'" a" little "^ later m"" dver- eventually that stage where there will has he allowed his HeutenantT'to'engagi Record, and the' Morgen Gazette.' The Hea"rst purchased the Morning ^Ad these projects, but he also encour- Record.^ which was founded in 1877, tiser of John Cockerill and associates, be no correcting oi "copy" in the edi- torial department, because it will not be necessary. ;>#^ ages and directs them. and is independent democratic in poH- and established the American. Recently Minneapolis had no central ''^^s, is a clean-cut newspaper thoroughly The new owner soon made the other organization which would unify all of ?'^rt to its opportunities and fulfilling the endeavors of the various civic and i's mission to the best of its abihty. commercial organizations of the city. Theodore Wright is the editor and The Civic and Commerce Association, president of the publishing company. organized along the lines of the Asso- The North American, under the edi- ciation of Commerce o. Chicago, was torial direction of E. A. Van Valken- fathered bv Mr. Murphy and the Tri- burgh, is the iconoclast of the Philadel- bune. It has just closed a year of sue- P^'^ press. It i.s persistently aggressive cessful activity and has outlined a pro- a>id fearless in its attacks upon the po- gram for the current year of far greater litical rings of the city. The paper has magnitude. a larp-e circulation both in and out of A health and happiness column has *¥, ,'^''y' ^"^ ''= editorial views are been introduced as a feature of the Tri- ""^f'^ QuotM. bune. Other departments, all aimed at , ^"^ Inquirer is one of the most lugh- being aids to the greatest number of 'y, •esteemed family newspapers of Phil- people, have been added. Necessarily adelphia. Founded m 1820 it has main- the veracity of the paper, its large cir- **'"<='' ''^ Position as a leader year after dilation and the unbiased tone of iits edi- >"=*'■•. Its management has been char- acterzed by progressivcness and enter- prise. James Elverson, Jr., is president of the paper, and Charles H. Heustice is the editor. The Public Ledger is perhaps the most conservative of the Quaker City When George W. Childs was COI.. 'WTLI.IAM HESTER. torials have made its advertising value a foreaone conclusion. The tone of the entire working force of the paper is dignified. Mr. Mur- phj''s idea of journalism is that more work can be done where people are j'^'^fj', happy than where they are the reverse, jj^ ^^^^^^ jj ^^^^ perhaps the most ,.,„.- In strange contrast to some newspaper , ,.„o„„ ^f g,, jhe Philadelphia papers, oflnces, there is never a hard word ,hieflv through bis philanthropic activi- spoken ,n the editorial department^ ^-^^ ^^j ^is public-spirited support of The corns spirit ,s imparted to the re- movements that had for their object the f°^l"t iJZll "°Ll!^^l°"L °„ "f betterment of the city and the improye- ^^^^,^ ^^ ment in the condition of the workinc whether they are entitled to GEO. a. BOOTH. Everv renorter must si-n an affidavit l'"^ Tribune's staff. If a man is re- ,3 j.j,^ ,3 t;,, influenced by . »i, ■* fi t must si„n an amaavit tamed, it is because it is believed that ;., f„j:.:„„ ' '-,.. f„„„ ■, ,Vstinrtlv newsnaner Dubl to the truth of the information con- ;),„ .^-.w ^„.^,p »],„ interest- nt the naner . 'raaitions. its tone is cl-Stinctiy iiLubpapcr puui, tained in any storv he may write. Every ,t Wt '"f^^y- T'"= """' "^'^^'^Se in owner- tice. Backed nd that he iT .■ . .■ -^ ■ t ship will not, it is reported, result in any wealth, Mr. He me of the ^'T !""■'? '""' 'Vl' "iff l*"^ u' 'change in its policy. ly and gathere( ror should I'^ZThL men v^^'th'he uti^s^'re^sne^t' The Morgen Gazette, owned .by Gus- brightest newsp a full and It "'= m™ w.th the utmost respect, j^^ Mayer, is the representative Ger- Spanish-Americ 1 as com ■^°"'' °^ -^^ <^3'"™''K^ °* '."T dominat- ^^^ newspaper of the city. It is clean- fered the Hear the article [^" proprietor are in evidence, and ^.^j ppjnts an abundance of news of par- to distinguish t..c,i,=c.vc= lu a., l, article here is none who has not a real affec- 4;^^,^^ interest to those Avho have Ten- degree. TJie circulation of the J is one of I'Jn if™\r , -1 -1 . tonic blood in their veins, and is a fa- shot up to a high figure and its cc r than de- ^ ■ I- ^'^'^^^ *'^'^," ^" i.'^™ '° vorite advertising medium. bristled with advertising. any story he may write, iivery ^j heart reporter is made to understand that he From time to ti is responsible for the good name of the reporters to inter\ paper, and if by chance an error should treats liis men wi creep into the news colurnns a full and None of the earn- complete correction is printed, as com- ,■„„ f^r^nr;e^■r^,- n. pletely and as prominentlv as the article which contained the mistake. The policy of the Tribune optimism. Constructive rather tnan de- appear in his newspaper, he makes the structive emphasis is observed in the request of his editors as if he were an handling of news. For the purpose of outsider requesting a favor. The man making it broadly representative of the n,ay be a copy reader receiving a mod people it serves, those things with which the public is vitally concerned are given great attention est salarv, but Mr. Murphy appears to assume that he i's equal with him in the ^ , , r^ ■, , responsibility of the paper and treats Recently the Tribune saw the possi- ^im accordingly. His workmen appear ihties of creating a great deal of profit jq be his partners. The pubHc appears and happiness for the people of M apolis by getting behind a vacant lot garden movement a ers how the vacant lots of the city partners, the public appear to be his family, and the Tribune is his The Press, of which Samuel G. Wells. The career of the papers since then IS editor and Benjamin B. Wells is is familiar to the American public. The president, is the paper which Philadel- Journal's sensational methods of news phians swear by. It 11s a newspaper in presentation gave it a wide audience, its broadest sense and enjoys the pat- and to-day its circulation is larger than ronage of a large constituency, that of any American newspaper. The THE NEW YORK TIMES. American, the morning paper, has al- ways been conducted on more conserva- After George Jones, the principal tive lines, and has made a place for it- Denincl a vacant lot „eHiiim for ^nreadinD- infnrmatinn and °,'™" °^ }^^ ^^'" Y^k Times, died self in the metropolis, nd tparbinc. it.; read ™™iiim tor spreading mtormation and the paper lost ground and encountered lots of the city could l^^^PP'"'^^^ '" ^'^ g°5P<=' °^ P"'''''^ ^"''- so many financial difticulties that at one "-e. time it looked as thougn it would go THE PHILADELPHIA BULLETIN, on the rocks. Fortunately, when its fortunes were at the lowest ebb, Adolph The Philadelphia Bulletin is a living s. Ocbs, of the Chattanooga Times, was monument to the ability of William L. placed in charge 01 tne propertj', and McLean, its publisher, through whose from that time its luck changed for the enterprise and wholesome policy that better. During the period of Mr. Ocbs' paper has reached the tonnotch circula- admi nistration the paper has not only tion of 26.5.000 copies daly. regained the ground it had lost, but has The Bulletin was founded by Gibson shot far ahead in the race for popular- Peacock in 1847, and in 18S.5 when Mr. ity. It is now regarded as one of the McLean purchased the newspaper it best newspaper properties in New York, had a circulation of only .5,000 copies, i„ advertising patronage and in circula- though its policy was good and its char- tion it is one of the leaders among acter above reproach. metropolitan newspapers. When the Mr. McLean believed that in the Bui- Times was founded by Henry R. Ray- letin he had a property that was sus- mond in 1851 i;t was given an individual- ceptible of great development. The field ity that has been preserved by its suc- was not overcrowded and the popula- cessive owners during its career of six- tion of the city was showing a healthy tv-two years. While it has always print- growth. Gradually he gathered around ed the iiews, it has avoided sensational- nd has been consistently conscr- THE HEARST NEWSPAPERS. The Evening Journal was founded by Albert Pulitzer in 1882. It was des:gn- a staff of men whose ability unquestioned and upon whom he could depend for efficient service. What Mr. McLean has accomplished durinn- the eighteen years he has di- rected the fortunes of the Bulletin is well known to the Philadelphia public, ed not as a seriou.s-minded paper, like From comparative obscurity the paper the Tribune. Herald and other morn he turned «nto gardens. The result of has advanced to the front rank of Phil- ing pape that movement has received national adelphia journalism, recognition. Minneapolis is known as Since 1910 the Bulletin has been pub the City of Gardens. lished in the beautiful new building ir A good roads movemct was inaugu- City Hall Square. The structure is : rated by the Tribune with the result noteworthy example of the French Re FBANK SlacI-EirNAN. COJ^. JAUES EI^VEBSOir. but was rather devoted to It is said that Mr. Hearst spent over the lighter side of life. Mr, Pulitzer $'2,500,000 on those publications before had an idea that the clerks, the shop they became self-supporting. To-day girls and the workers in various indus- they are big money-makers, tries needed a paper that would bring Not content with three papers, Mr. to them the sensational stories in the Hearst looked about fo.- opportunities that to-day the Civic and Commerce As- naissance and the interior appointments news of the day. The Journal was a to establish others. He finally started sociat'nu of Minneapolis has planned are planned with a view of conserving success almost from the first issue, but the American m Boston, the Examiner to engage a highway engineer whose in the largest measure the health and after a few years of prosperity it be- and Evening .American jn Chicago, and (Jwty it will be to lay out a plan for well-being of the wQfkere, TfJ] f-Ioe san losing ground. Mr-. Pulitzer's health the Exfimiper m L05 Angeles. AH Qt 90 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST The Boston Globe Elected Total . . 120,438 Want Ads Plurality . 81,135 Want Ads The people vote and decide which newspaper is the best advertising medium in its field by the number of classified ad\'ertisements they insert. They trace results. They know what they get in return for the money they expend in advertising. During the three months ending March 31 the Globe printed 120,438 Want advertisements. This was 81,135 More Want advertisements than appeared in any other Boston paper during the three months. 2,109,564 Lines 85,221 Lines Gain Total lines of advertising in the four Boston papers (having daily and Sunday editions) for the three months ending March 31 : Globe 2,109,564 Lines This was a gain for the Globe of 85,221 lines over the same period in 1912 Post . . . 1,723,682 Lines American . 1,470,560 Lines Herald . . 1,149,225 Lines (The above totals include all kinds of advertising, from the smallest want advertisement to the busi- ness of the big department stores.) Total lines of automobile advertising for the three months ending March 31: Globe 174,105 Lines (Including 68,645 lines printed on the classified pages, a large part of which was display, paid for at the regular auto rate.) 2d Paper 113,982 Lines (Including 3,005 lines printed on the classified page.) Globe's Lead 60,123 Lines Globe advertisements sell goods. To increase your business in Boston and New England, advertise liberally in the Daily and Sunday Globe. 91 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST these newspapers Iiave been successful, board of trustees put them in control They are conducted on lines similar to of the paper, and they have since car- those upon which the New York Jour- ried out the policy inaugurated by their nal and the American have been run. father during his lifetime. Das Ueutches Journal, of New York, a The greatest of all Mr. Pulitzer's newspaper printed in German, is also benefactions was his gift of $2,000,000 owned by Mr. Hearst. The latest as an endowment of the Columbia Uni- manifestation of the activities of this versity School of Journalism, which energetic and indefatigaljle publisher opened its doors for practical work last September under the direction of Dr. Talcott Williams. The World is generally regarded as one of the most fearless and ably con- ducted newspapers in the city. Its edi- torial page is profitably ready by more people than that of any other morning newspaper. Don C. Seitz, the business manager, has been unusually successful in biuiding up a large advertising pat- ronage for the paper. THE NEW YORK SUN. Under the editorship of Charles A. Dana the New York Sun attained an Ocean. was the purchase of the Atlanta Geor- gian a little over a year ago. Mr. Hearst is to-day .'America's great- est newspaper publisher. The aggre- gate daily circulation of his several pub- lications is said to be in the vicinity of 2,.!i00.000 copies. THE NEW YORK WORLD. Joseph Pulitzer purchased the New York World from Jay .jould in 1883, a little over four years after he had bought the St. Louis Post-Dispatch at public auction for $2,500. A Presidential campaign was looming up ahead, and Pulitzer pitched into the fight to elect Grover Cleveland. Tam- many nominated the editor for Congress from the Ninth New York District and he was elected, but after three months 'in the house he resigned his seat, gave his salary to charity, and returned to his editorial work. In 1886 he purchased the Park Row site wnere the Pulitzer Ijuilding now stands, and erected the present struc- ture, which was not completed until after Mr. Pulitzer had become totally blind. He spent the last three or four years of his life on board his yacht, surrounded by a corps of readers and secretaries, who acted as eyes for the sightless editor and carried out his or- ders. It was an ordinary occurrence for him to wake up his staf? at 2 or 3 o'clock in the morning to aid him in some new work he had suddenly thought of. On his sixtieth birthday, April 10, 11)07, Mr. Pulitzer sent to the heads of departments of his paper a characteris- tic cable message, 'in which he an- nounced his retirement from the active management of his newspapers. Every newspaper in town printed it except the World, the managers of which knew that he could not give up work. He was much incensed when he learned that his own men had refused to take the an- nouncement seriously and made a great row about it for a few hours. Then he concluded to continue his active man- agement of this newspaper. Mr. Pulit- zer died on board his yacht "Liberty." in Charleston Harbor, S. C, on Oct. 29, mil. The World is published now, as dur- ing Mr. Pulitzer's lifetime, by the Press Publishing Co., of which Ralph Pulit- zer, bis eldest son. is president, and Jo- .scph Pulitzer, Jr., his second son, is sec- retary. Their election as offices of the to print a newspaper that will be taken home and read by the family. One oi New York's leading afternoon papers is the Evening Mail, which un- der the able editorial management of Henry L. Stoddard, has won a high place in the regard of the New York public It is essentially a familv news- paper and^ discusses topics relating to the home in such a popular way that it has found favor especially with the women of the city. One of the popu- lar advertising features of the paper is the Blue List, in which "want" adver- tisements and "business opportunities" are inserted onlv after thorough inves- tigation. In other words, the advertise- ments appearing in this department are guaranteed. William C. Freeman, the advertising manager of the Mail, has probably done more to popularize news- paper advertising than anyone else in America. He is one of the few adver- tising experts who have grounded their knowledge of the business on a sound conception of economics and modern methods of distribution. THE PHILADELPHIA RECORD. The Philadelphia Record is a living contradiction that a great newspaper that grows up with the personality of its founder, and becomes a part of the greatness of one man will lose its power and prestige with the loss of that man. For more than twenty years the names of The Record and William M. Singer- ly were inseparably linked. Singerly died in 1898, but the paper continues to- day, with all its power, its prestige, its traditions, inviolate. The only change is the natural change of growth ; it is bigger, has a wider reach, a longer enviable rank among metropolitan news- papers. Mr. Dana was undoubtedly one of the greatest of American journalists. He had a knowledge of public men and public affairs such as few statesmen of his day possessed. He was a profound scholar, and could read eleven lan- guages, including Sanscrit. Moreover, he was a citizen of the world and ever ready to interest himself in movements that had for their object the physical and moral uplift of the masses. He \vas a true iournalist and stamped the Sun so indelibly with his individ- uality and style that for several years after he died few could tell from its pages that its master had passed away. The Sun has been fortunate in hav- ,, , ,. , , . ing for its editor during the last few pay-roll, a longer list of historic accom- vears Edward P. Mitchell, who for a plishments and the latter devices of sci- lons' period was Mr. Dana's chief edi- "ice to aid in its production; that is all. torial assistant: and for its managing One of its greatest accomphshments editor Chester S. Lord, who recentlv came after the death of the man who retire A little over a year ago Will- made it. He had built it up to be his iam C, Reick. for many vears James memorial, and when he died, broken- Gordon Bennett's chief of "staff on the hearted and ruined by the failure of his Herald, purchased a controlling inter- banking institutions, the newspaper, est in the Sun. and since then has been which m a quarter of a century has its general director. During the brief "ever known a day for which there was time he has been in charge he has made "Ot a profit on the right side of the many changes in the paper with a view ledger, went on and paid up his debts of strengthening its hold on the public, clearmg oft the last cent, as lie had The Globe, which was formerly pledged the public that it would do. it known as the Commercial Advertiser, was a fitting repayment to its parentage, the eariier history of which Is related and it was possible by reason of the in this issue, has made commendable foundation that the man gave to it progrers during the last few years un- The history of the Philadelphia der the management of Henry John Record dates to May l,18i7, when Will- Wright. a Scotchman, who won his lam M. Singerly bought from William journalistic spurs through hard work on J- Swam, a newspaper known as the various New York newspapers. The Public Record. In this purchase the Globe employs a number of special wri- principal thing of value acquired was an ters and has the fidl Associated Press Associated Press franchise, as The Pub- report. The paper devotes considerable He Record was a small and losing ven- space to sports and especlallv to base- ture. It had been founded on May 10 hall Its news is selected with great 1870, and was published at The Record care Sensationalism is avoided. The Building, at Third and Chestnut streets, effort nf the management seems to be Of its history there is no more to be 92 said, except that the price paid for it was $3.5,000, or about one-hundredth part of the sum for which the Philadelphia Record was sold under the hammer a quarter of a century later. With the franchise and machinery of The Public Record. William i\I. Singerly, on June 1, 1877, launched the Philadel- phia Record, a one-cent newspaper. It was the first one-cent newspaper that the American people ever saw, and its ruin was freely predicted on all sides. It was years before any other paper dared to follow it into one-cent journalism, and now, when the great majority of the American and European newspapers have followed its example, it still carries the only self-advertisement it ever af- fected — "The Pioneer One-Cent News- paper of America." Probably Singerly more than any other of the great masters of American journalism was responsible for the policy of condensation. Day in and day out he preached to his assistants the neces- sity for getting more news on the first page of the paper. "That's the only page a busy man's got time to look at," he de- clared. Nor would he excuse the leav- ing out of any matter of news that had the slighter; importance, i "Condense, condense," was his only reply to the plea of lack of room. The first Philadelphia Record was a four-page journal, six columns to the page. There were few advertisements, and of these some were printed on the first page. This latter practice, however, was soon abandoned, and was never re- sumed. Singerly's faith in one-cent journalism was soon vindicated. Starting with a circulation of 5,000, he had within six months a circulation of 36,000. The original four pages gave way to six, then eight. As the wide extension of news gathering facilities grew apace with the demand for advertising space, the paper continued to increase in size. From six columns the pages were increased to eight columns, and the number of pages increased until more frequently than otherwise si-xteen pages were found necessary to carry the news and the ad- vertisements. By 1883 the circulation had passed the 100,000 mark, and ten years later the paper was found to have the largest circulation of any daily publica- tion in the United States. Ill 1882 the paper was moved fro'-.-. Thirc' and Chestnut streets to the new COI^. BOBIIBT EWUTG. Proprietor, New Orleans States Record Building, at Ninth and C.iestnut streets, and at the same time began the issue of a two-cent Sunday newspaper, which, without increase in price, has in- creased to thirty-two pages. To enable tlie paper to continue on the one-cent basis that it had fixed for it, Sin- gerly foresaw that he would be obliged to fortify it again.st the exactions of mo- nopoly in the news-print paper business. THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST 1898:— 25,T26 UNPARALLELED GROWTH 1913:— 245,854 S5S% INCREASE I\ 15 YEARS C I R C U L AT I O IM OK NEW April 1, 1913, 245,854 YORK XIIVIES April 1, 1912,216,005 ANT AVERAGE GENERAL DISTRIBUTION. isis i Wholesalers — City Order. . . . Independent City Dealers . . . Wholesalers — Country Order Country Dealers Subscriptions (Mail List).. . . Total Net Paid 243,560 Advertising Mail List Exchanges Downtown Office Main Office Annex Editorial & Composing Room Total 171,217 152,910 14,022 11,166 3,212 3,692 40,853 33,475 14,256 12,135 243,560 213,378 239 285 127 128 676 1,035 402 999 600 250 240 2,294 2,687 DAY'S DISXRIBUXIOIM 112 SALES IN METROPOLITAN DISTRICT: MANHATTAN and BRONX. 1913 American News Co 29,592 Goode News Co 3,140 Harlem News Co 56,712 Nassau News Co 22,505 Ward & Gow 2,440 Union News Co 1,260 Independent Dealers 5,056 Total 120,705 LONG ISLAND and STATEN ISLAND. Brooklyn News Co 24,840 Grand Total 245,854 216,065 South Brooklyn News Co Williamsburg News Co Long Island New^s Co New York News Co Wheeler News Co Independent Dealers Total 49,009 NEW JERSEY and Scattering. New^ark News Co Union News Co. — C. R. R Union News Co., Reade St. . . . American News Co Independent Dealers Total 18,737 Total Metropolitan sales 188,451 8,317 6,429 1,750 1,373 1,140 5,160 6,469 1,336 2,766 4,360 3,806 1912 25,459 2,790 50,178 21,362 2,260 1,052 3,145 106,246 21,695 7,170 5,307 1,406 1,304 910 4,906 42,698 5,650 3,543 2,936 3,580 3,115 18,824 167,768 NO RETURNS AND NO UNSOLD COPIES FIFTEEN YEARS' RECORD 1S9T— 1912 CIRCULATION AND ADVERTISING The New York Times Circulation Record October 1898 25,726 " 1899 76,260 " 1900 82,106 1901 102,472 1902 105,416 1903 106,386 1904 118,786 1905 120,710 October 1906 131,140 1907 143,460 1908 172,880 1909 184,317 1910 191,981 »1911 197,375 *1912 236,668 A GENUINE GROWTH — SOLELY ON MERIT No Artificial Stimulation — No Prizes — No Premiums — No Coupons — — No Guessing Matclies. *No Returns and No Unsold Papers. The New York Times Advertising Record : Agate Lines 1897 2,371,377 1898 2,433,193 1899 3,378,750 1900 3,978,620 1901 4,957,205 1902 5,501,779 1903 5,207,964 1904 5,228,480 ALL ADVERTISING CLEAN AND HONEST. No Objectionable — No Catch-penny — No Nostrum Ad\'ertising. The Times has rejected millions of lines of doubtful advertising Agate Lines 1905 5,953,322 1906 6,033,457 1907 6,304,298 1908 5,897,332 1909 7,194,703 1910 7,550,650 1911 8,130,425 1912 8,844,866 THE NEW YORK XIIVIES 'All the News That's Fit to Print." 93 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST He therefore cslablislied two pulp and paper mills, one at Singerly and one at Elkton, Md., and for many years manu- factured his own white paper, fie was the first American publisher to take this step. Singerly was likewise the first pub- lisher in Philadelphia — and the second in the world — to recognize the value of the linotype machine, which has now dis- placed hand composition throughout the world. Shortly before his death, which oc- curred in February, 1898, Mr. Singerly was asked what he considered the reason for The Record's prosperity. He said ; *'Abo\'e all things else. Tlie Record's truthfulness. We have always adhered to the right as that right appeared to us. I do not mean to say that we have al- ways been right, but The Record has been found every time on the side that the .people have endorsed in moments of calm reflection. A newspaper must rise superior to the mere money-making element which enters into all business enterprises. The editor has a duty to the public that must be conscientiously considered and absolutely regarded. This is my ideal of journalism." .Mways a Democratic newspaper, The Record refused to accept the free silver heresy and the Bryan candidacy in 1896 and again rejected' it in 1900. This was done with a full knowledge of ths risk that a large part of the paper's Demo- cratic clientele would probably refuse to follow its lead and would instead fallow the BrjMn banner. Singerly, however, would not put e.xpedience above honesty, and declared that he would ra'/ner suffer the loss of his paper's circulation than the loss of respect for its honesty. The Record was the first paper in the world to establish a daily magazine de- partment for \vomen. The new owners of the property im- mediately announced that the paper would continue unchanged, and it has continued under the direction of men who were selected by Singerly and be- longed to the Singerly regime. Under their management it has steadily in- creased in growth. Theodore Wright, the editor-in-chief, was first employed by Singerly in 1878, and has been with the paper continuous- ly since that time. John P. Dwyer, the managing editor, came to the paper as a reporter early in the '90s, and later went to the Philadel- phia Press, but eventually returned to The Record, of which, as a newspaper man, he was a product. M. F. Hanson, the general manager, was a clerk on the paper in 1890. He at- tracted the attention of Singerly, who gradually promoted him until he was ad- vertising manager, .''ifter the death of Singerly he became business manager of The North American, but later returned to The Record as general manager. PHILADELPHIA PUBLIC LEDGER. The Public Ledger, of Philadelphia, the first number of which was issued March 25, 18-96, was the pioneer of new methods in Quaker Citv journalism, and was the first successful penny newspaper established in Philadelphia. Russell Jarvis, a ready and fluent writer, who had received his journalis- tic training on the United States Tele- graph, of Washington, the organ of Jackson's administration, was engaged as chief editorial contributor. His slashing, outspoken editorials enabled the Public Ledger to "do things." Wher- ever there was a local wrong to be righted, the Public Ledger boldly struck the blow. The first number of the Public Ledger was issued within a stone's throw of the newspaper's present home. It was a sheet of 1.5^,^ by SIM; inches, having four columns to a page, and was printed for the proprietors on a hand press. Swain, Abell and Simmons within six months were able to purchase their first press — a Napier steam power machine, then re- garded with wonder. The Public Ledger, in its introductory address, informed the public that it had "secured the services of a police re- porter and collector of news, and it is hopt'd their exertions will impart to its columns additional interest." Having had the temerity to call to account the ruffians who, in 1838, burned Pennsylvania Hall to prevent an anti- slavery meeting, a mob made a demon- stration in front of the Ledger's prop- erty, but the determined attitude of its ported witii almost modern methods. During the Civil War tiie jirice of paper, as wxU as the price of other util- ities soared, but Mr. Swain, although the Public Ledger was losing money every day, refused to raise the price. After he had lost about $100,000 he was induced to part with his share of proprietors and tile help of a few police the property, and Mr. Abell's interests prevented any damage being 'done. being confined to Baltimore, he willing- By insisting on the supremacy of the ly sold his part to George W. Childs, law, the Public Ledger in this year made Francis A. Anthony, Jr., and Joseph W. historic by the riots and church burn- Drexel. The price was raised to two ings by the native Americans, lost thou- cents, and subsequently reduced to ten sands of subscribers and considerable cents a week. eph A. Dear. of its advertising patronage, for the In June, 1867, the Ledger began to be native American sentiment was strong published in its handsome brown stone in Philadelphia. building, which is still its home. The first rotary press ever built, the On the death of George W. Childs in invention of Richard M. Hoe, was first 1894, George W. Childs Drexel became used to print the Public Ledger on April the publisher, and in 1902 he was suc- 9, 1847. This was tlie period of the ceeded by George W. Ochs. the present Mexican War, which the Public Ledger, publisher, the property having been ac- together with the Baltimore Sun, re- quired by the Public Ledger Co., of 94 which Adolph S. Ochs held the con- trolling interest. In 1902 the Pubhc Ledger purchased and absorbed the Phil- adelphia Times, which had been estab- lished twenty-five years before by Alex- ander K. McClure, and acquired all its circulation. Mr. Jarvis, the first editor, died in 185.3 ; he was succeeded by Washington Lane, who died in 1865; his successor was Wm. V. McKean, who retired in 1893, and was succeeded by L, Clarke Davis; he died in 1904, and was suc- ceeded by Dr. Alfred C. Lambdin. As indicating the ideas according to which the Public Ledger is conducted the following extract from an address by George W. Ochs, formerly its pub- lisher, is significant: "Journalism is the orator which speaks each day with a million tongues to tens of millions of listening ears. In ancient days the sages stood in the market place and poured forth, in elo- quent phrases, words of wisdom, to maintain administrative integrity pure and undefiled. When this eloquence was hushed, when the listening throngs were taught by demagogues and false prohpets, when the seeds of sophistry, selfishness, discontent and dishonesty bore their full fruitage, the fabric of freedom collapsed, and from its ruins arose the empire of the C^sars. Do not the same evils confront our republic to- day? How much greater the responsi- bility, how much broader the oppor- tunity, and how much more vital the need for editors who 'know the right and, knowing, dare maintain." The Ledger is now owned and con- trolled by Cyrus H. K. Curtis, owner and publisher of the Ladies' tlome Journal and the Saturday Evening Post. THE PHILADELPHIA PRESS. The Philadelphia Press was founded by John W. Forney in August, 1857, and is to-day one of the great national Republican dailies of the country. For twenty years it was under the manage- ment of Mr. Forney. It was purchased by Calvin Wells, the well-known iron- master of Pittsburgh, in 1877, and of the thirty-four years of the present ownership twenty-eight were passed with Charles Emory Smith as the ed- itor-in-chief. The first twenty years in the history of the Press saw the rise of the modern new-spaper through the troublous times of the Civil War and the Reconstruction Period. From the very nature of the case, however, despite the influence and in- terests of the editor, this period of its history was for the Press its day of small things. The Press of Forney's time has. however, certain interest for people of to-day aside from the repu- tation of its first editor and proprietor. The war poems of George H. Boker appeared in its columns. For it Charles Godfrey Leland wrote the earlier verse of "Hans Breitmann." The first, and in some respects the greatest of Amer- ican actors, Edwin Forrest, was a fre- quent contributor. In the spring of 1861 its three correspondents in the field were John Russell Young, George -Alfred Townsend and Henry Wat- terson. With the change of the political con- ditions of the State and the country at large, and with the inevitable financial troubles during and following the Re- construction Period, the fortunes of the Press declined, and in 1877 what was practically the creation of a new newspaper under circumstances not seemingly auspicious was brought about by the purchase of the property by Calvin Wells, of Pittsburgh, who has since remained in control of the prop- erty as president of the Press Co., Ltd., with Charles Emory Smith as vice- president and editor-in-chief. At the time of its purchase by Mr. Wells the paper stood for little more than an Associated Press franchise. As a young man who was busy writ- ing party platforms in New York when most young men of his age were both- ering their heads about more trifling THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST Of Interest to Users of Photo-Engraving Powers started in the engraving business a little over ten years ago and said: "We are the fastest engravers on earth." Photo-engraving buyers said: "Just what we needed. Engravings on time. In other words, service without disappointment." Opposition salesmen said: "Neither Powers nor any other engraver can execute engravings in less time than one hour." But Powers did, and Powers now makes them in minutes. Opposition salesmen then said: "We have to admit that Powers is the fastest on earth, but they do not give you quality." The photo-engraving buyers have learned that this was merely spurious opposi- tion. Powers again offers an innovation to the photo-engraving buyei's, A RADICALLY NEW PROCESS NEVER BEFORE THOUGHT OF. It is such a success and such a surprise that even the Powers En- graving Companj' is astonished. Opposition salesmen have again come forth with subterfuge. They are saying: "Why there is no new process. These alleged new processes have been tried over and over again." The public knows that what Powers say can be relied upon. The Powers Engraving Company now finish a combination wash and pen drawing, including silhouettes and vignettes, with one negative or one operation, doing away with all the patchwork or joining of negatives, and the resulting plate-work is without the errors that accompany other methods. Further, the engraving is completed many times faster than was heretofore possible, bj' a straight-down double-depth method, which gives the printer or elec- trotyper a much deeper etched halftone that contains absolutely every gradation and all the modeling of the original copy, with the high-lights dropped out when so desired. The fact that Powers is behind this statement is all the public requires. It is admitted that no other engraving establisliment in Greater New York can accomplish this result. Your remedy is to convince yourself that the opposition salesmen are not stating facts. It is for you to send a copy to the Powers establishment and have returned to you the plate-work at any time you mark on the copy, however unreasonable the time may seem to you, and if the result is superior to anything that 3'ou have ever obtained, AS IT WILL BE, you have conclusive evidence of the wonderful value of the new process. You may either write or 'phone an appointment enabling us to complete our proposition, which includes the true three-color process. _ POWERS ENGRAVING COMPANY The Color Plates now running on the Swink Presses exhibited by George Damon & Sons, Booth 72, are the product of the Powers Engraving Company. 95 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST things, Charles Emory Smith came to the direction of the Press in 1880 fresh from fifteen years' experience in the journalism of Albany. When Mr. Smith came to the Press it was a daily paper of eight si.x-column pages the same size as when Mr. Wells bought it in 1877. Not only was the editorial page marked by the most trenchant statements of the national policies, but in addition Mr. Smith continued to take an active part in the great presidential campaigns, his counsel and advice being sought for and his unique gifts as an orator calling him to the front where the contest was the fiercest. As a result of the wide range of his public services, Mr. Smith was sent abroad to represent his country as Minister to Russia from 1890 to 1892. But his most signal and distinguished services to the country were rendered when at the pressing request of Presi- dent McKinley he became a member of his cabinet in the spring of 1898, at the outbreak of the war with Spain. Mr, smith's position was really that of general advisor to the President, but he was charged with the portfolio of the Post Office Department. He re- mained in office all through the Span- the beautiful city which bears the hon- ored name of VVashington, and to the welfare of the large and growing popu- lation within its borders." In 1867 'the Star passed into the hands of a company composed the Crosby S. Noycs, C. B. Baker, Samuel H. Kauff- mann, Alexander R. Shepherd and George W. Adams, who purchased it from W. D. Wallach, the successor of J. B. Tate. The address to the public, prepared by Crosby S. Noyes, who re- mained editor until his death in 1908, thus defined the policy of The Star: "We mean that it shall be independ- ent, out-spoken, honest, expressing itself freely upon all questions of public in- terest, but always, we trust, with fair- ness and good temper. The time has come when Washington city can, by right of her population and business, de- CHABIiES W. KITAfP. Pre-sident of The St. I^ouis Republic. ish war, retiring in 1902 to take up, un- trammeled, his editorial career. During bis mission to Russia Mr. Smith not only dealt with various diplomatic questions that arose from time to time between Russia and the United States, but also managed the large contributions of money and ship- loads of supplies sent by the American people for the relief of the sufferers from the great Russian famine. Returning to his chosen work after a practical cabinet experience and close association with two Presidents, Mr. Smith made the Press even more markedly than in Mr. Forney's time a paper that was in close touch with men and affairs the country over — soundly Republican, Ijut independent of the schemes of any one man or group of men within the party. Mr. Smith died as editor-in-chief of the Press in 1908. THE WASHINGTON STAR. December 10, 18'"»2, the Evening Star made its first appearance on the streets of Washington, a four-page, five-column newspaper, whose meager size may have seemed to believe the ambitious pros- pectus of its proprietor, Joseph B. Tate. He said : "The Star is designed to supply a de- sideratum which has long existed at the metropolis of the nation. Free ifrom party trammels and sectarian influences, it will preserve a strict neutrality, and whilst maintaining a fearless spirit of independence, will be devoted, in an especial manner, to the local interests of in these six decade.5, and The Star has borne its part in the narration of the stirring tales of successive national changes and crises. Published at the Capital city, it aftects, through the use made of its news and editorial columns by the correspondents there stationed, the thought currents of the American people. And in this field it commands respect because of the high principles which animate its conductors. A news- paper is a composite of the characters of those who produce and manage it, and in this respect The Star stands as one of the most conspicuous examples of constructive American journalism. Seeking the best workers, it has always soug^ht to retain them in its service, and the staff of The Star is chiefly composed of men aijd women who have been long on its rolls, W'ho have absorbed its tra- management, are two newspapers that have occupied a commanding position ever since they were started. This prominence has been continued in a most striking manner up to the present time. The Providence Journal was founded in 1829 as a daily newspaper. The Even- ing Bulletin, which celebrated its .SOth anniversary last January, is entirely dif- ferent in make-up, contents, editorial page, etc., from its morning contem- porary, and, in point of size is one of the largest daily newspapers in America, printing an average number of pages ranging from 24 to 40 per issue. Both papers are independent. The Providence Journal has had a notable career, and among its editors have been several men who subsequent- ly have acquired a national reputation. United States Senator Henry B. .Anthony was for many years an editor of the Journal, and during the entire period of the Civil War the stirring editorials which aroused Rhode Island to a full sense of its national duty came from the pen of James B. Angell, who was editor of the paper from 18G0 to 18G."), and who afterwards became the famous president of the University of Michigan. CHASI-ES The News'paper Broker, Publishei mand a paper devoted essentially to her interests. * * * As a newspaper we mean that The Star shall occupy the front rank. * * * As a local paper The Star bas been unrivalled, and we shall take due care that its universal reputation as 'the ibest local paper in the district' is fully maintained." Thus the policy of The Star, stated in 1852, in 1867 and in 1908, has re- mained unchanged. How successful The Star has been in carrying. out these pur- poses is indicated by the fact that it is now in its si.xtj -first year of existence, the oldest newspaper in Washington by many years, the most prosperous news- paper ever published there, and one of the most prosperous in the entire coun- try. Between The Star of 18.i2 and The Star of 1913 stretches a wide range of time, filled with many momentous events. Much history lias been written 96 ditions and have devoted themselves un- selfishly and loyally to the execution of the policies of its owners and directors. In point of material prosperity The Star has been richly rewarded. It is supreme in its field in both advertising patronage and circulation. It goes di- rectly into the homes of Washington, where it is a family friend. Appealing wholesomely to all classes and ages, it is read by a larger percentage of the peo- ple of its publication field than is any other newspaper in the United States, and its publishers feel to-day that they have amply justified the prospectus of 18.52, and have been instrumental in the development of "the (beautiful city that bears the honored name of Washington." THE PROVIDENCE BULLETIN. In the history of New England jour- nalism the Providence Journal and the Evening Bulletin, both under the same DAN B. HANITA. Owner of the Morning Leader and the Evening News of Cleveland. During its eighty-four years of ac- tivity the Journal has occupied five homes. The present Journal building, which was completed six years ago, is a magnificent fireproof, terra cotta and marble structure of three stories, stand- ing in the heart of the city, and contains what is believed to be the most hand- somely equipped and largest business office connected with any newspaper in the United States. Both papers handle an immense amount of local aiid foreign advertis- ing, as evidenced by the fact that in 1912 they stood eighth on the list of publications of the United States in the quantity of advertising printed, carry- ing nearly 3.000,000 lines more than any other paper in New England. THE PAWTUCKET (R. I.) TIMES. The zone of this paper's influence is in the gateway of New England's most densely populated division — the center of the world's greatest and most diversi- fied industrial activities. Through this and other geographical conditions, coupled with its own intrinsic qualities, the Times occupies a unique if not re- markable position in the newspaper field It is the only daily published in Paw- tucket, a city of 50.000, the second city of Rhode Island, and noted for the skill, enterprise and diversity of its manufac- turing. This paper for years served without a rival two adjoining cities, Pawtucket and Central Falls, with a combined population ot 75,000. Further- more, in a business way the Times is supported by the mercantile advertising of three distinct cities, deriving from Providence merchants in point of expen- diture an amount equal to that received from all other like sources. IfHE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST The Net Paid Circulation of the Week-Day Issues of the Now Exceeds 280,000 Copies of which more than 233,000 copies are sold in the Metropolitan district (these figures are exclusive of all unsold copies of every description ) . During the last twelve months the circulation of the New York Morning American has increased more than that of all the other New York morning newspapers combined. The net paid City circulation of the New York American (week day issues only) exceeds hy at least 25,000 copies the combined circulation of four of the seven New York morning newspapers. GREATEST QUANTITY OF QUALITY CIRCULATION The SUNDAY AMERICAN'S average paid circulation last month (deducting all unsold copies) was 793,868. NOTHING SUCCEEDS LIKE CIRCULATION The Hartford Courant The Providence Tribune EVENING AND SUNDAY Published in one of the finest evening news- paper fields in the country. ^ The Hartford Courant is the most influential newspaper in Connecticut. ^ It is the only morning newspaper in Hartford. ^ It carries all the best advertising in its field. ^ It is delivered into all the best homes. tills sworn average daih circulation for the entire Jiear of 1912 was 16,533 copies. ^ It completely covers Hartford's shopping zone. ^ Its columns are clean of any questionable advertising. ^ It leads all other New England newspapers in amount of finan- cial advertising. ^ You want results. Your first choice in Hartford should be the Courant. If not already using it see that it is on your next list. You cannot do justice to your clients if you do not use The TRIBUNE The Hartford Courant Co. FOREIGN ADVERTISING REPRtSENTATIVES; CHARLES H. EDDY - - - Metropolitan Bldg., NEW YORK CHARLES H. EDDY - - - - 723 Old South Bldg., BOSTON EDDY & VIRTUE - - - . Peoples Gas Bldg., CHICAGO 97 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST The United Press Association By ROY W. HOWARD. Two ideas are responsible for the ex- istence to-day of the United Press As- sociation, die younger of tiie two great American news agencies. One of tliese is the belief that the demands of the evening newspaper publisher can best be met by an agency devoting its whole effort to the interest of afternoon papers. The other is the belief that news is a commodity that should not be controlled by an institution likely to limit the num- ber of newpapers in the country. These two ideas, crystallizing in 1907, resulted in the organization, in June of that year, of the United Press Associa- tion, which, starting in with a clientele of about three hundred papers, contin- ued to develop, until to-day the organiza- tion is serving upwards of live hundred papers, has become the largest exclu- sively-afternoon news service in the world, with the largest clientele of after- noon papers ever served by a single agency. While the natal year of the United Press Association was 1907, the events leading up to the present organization, started about ten years previously, im- mediately following the disintegration of the old United Press, a concern which was in no wise connected with the present organization. When the old United Press broke up, a number of its members were unable to get into tlie .Associated Press at that time. Some other publishers who could have gone in, declined to do so for reasons of their own. Among these was E. W. Scripps, head of the Scripps-McRae League of newspapers in the Middle West. By way of induce- ment it was pointed out to the Scripps- jMcRae papers that the new organization would result in an arrangement so tight as to make it impossible for any new paper to be started in any of the cities where there were Associated Press members. This argument which had ap- pealed very strongly to many of the leading publishers of the country, was all that was needed to clinch the already- formed opinion of E. W. Scripps. that he did not want to get into the big agency which, by its ver>' form of or- ganization, would interfere with his own plans for increasing his chain of news- papers. As a result E. W. Scripps declined to enter the Associated Press and instead, started on a very small scale, an organi- zation of his own, known as the Scripps- McRae Association. This organization, having as a nucleus the Cincinnati Post, the Cleveland Press and the St. Louis Chronicle, was confined to a very small group of Middle Western papers. At about the same time, J. B. Shale was gathering up those papers in the East, who for one reason 'or another had been unable or unwilling to go into the Associated Press, and organized them into an association which he called the Publishers' Press. Unlike the Scripps-McRae Press Association, which served only afternoon papers, the Pub- lishers' Press served both a morning and an evening clientele. Four or five years later another organization, known as the Scripps-Blader Press Association, whose product consisted solely of a pony re- port filed to San Francisco from Chicago and relayed from there to a few strug- gling Pacific Coast papers, was organ- ized. Later the name of this organiza- tion was changed to the Scripps News Association. For a number of years these three little agencies, each with an independent management and organization, struggled along under a loose and unsatisfactory working agreement, calling for an inter- change of news among the three. No one of the organizations had ever be- come profitable from a commercial Standpoint, and no one of the three was a serious contender for first honors in its field. Having gone on in this fashion for ten years without anv one of the three having shown signs of ever becoming really efficient, the management of each of the three concerns, saw the wisdom and necessity for consolidation into a single organization. The result was the merging of the three concerns into the United Press Association in June, 1907. H. B. Clark, who had been president of the Scripps News Association was chairman of the board of directors and entrusted with the organization of the business side. John Vandercock, who had been assistant general manager of the Publishers' Press, following a seven- year period as joint representative in London of the Publishers' Press and Scripps-JlcRae Press Associations, was made president and general news man- games, races and other daylight sport- ing events had been concluded. In this sporting service we included all big news bulletins, so that in effect the United Press report became a twelve-hour service, and with the widening of its scope came a more determined effort on the part of the management to make its report a complete record of all the day's news happenings. With i\ve hours difference in time in its favor on all European events, with the early closing of courts, legislative bodies, markets, etc., this task became much easier once the hours were length- ened to include sporting news, which along about this time came to be in much greater demand by afternoon publishers than ever before. The direct result of the "To-day's News To-day" policy was attracting to the younger organization the notice Cliair ager. A board of directors chosen from the three concerns and from publishers of some of the more active papers in the new organization, was elected and the United Press started on its way. Before the start had been formally made, however, H. B. Clark, who was strong in the belief that the big develop- ment in the newspaper field was to take place among afternoon dailies, had started the work of eliminating the night service of the Publishers' Press. As fast as contracts lapsed or could be closed up, this night service was aband- oned, and before the end 'of the first year, the entire organization of the United Press was geared up on an after- nooin basis, the 'only exception being made in the case of Sunday morning papers, it being found that the large number of afternoon dailies having Sun- day morning editions, necessitated con- tinuation of this one-night report. Whereas press associations serving both morning and afternoon papers had always been in the habit of giving "thirty" on the afternoon report at about 4 o'clock, the United Press immediately continued its service late into the after- noon, until such an hour as all baseball 98 of many members of the older organi- zation, and the rapidly growing list of clients was soon swelled by the addi- tion of a numher of the leading papers of the country, which while members of the Associated Press found much in the different character and quality of the rival report to hold their attention and patronage. With the growth of the day and Sat- urday night service came an extension of the leased wire and pony business of the young concern and a correspond- ing increase in the number of bureaus from which the leased wire report was condensed and relayed to the pony clients. The leased wire system of the Publishers' Press, which had embraced the territory up and down the Atlantic seaboard and as far west as Pittsburgh, was pushed across into Canada. The system of trunk wires, which at the inception of the Scripps-McRae Press Association had gone no farther South and West than St. Louis, and no far- ther North than Chicago, had extended southward through the Mississippi Val- ley, were made to tap Oklaiioma and Te-xas; had been pushed northward to St. Paul and Minneapolis, and west- ward to Kansas City, Omaha and Den- ver. Uhe little pony circuit on the Pacific Coast of the old Scripps-Blades Press Association developed first into a leased wire from San Francisco and Los An- geles. This was later pushed northward to Portland, Seattle and Vancouver, and southward to San Diego. Mean- while expansion was made to the East, and the leased wire report was picked up at Denver. The two struggling little organizations of 1897, with a chentele of from 150 to 200 clients, had devel- oped into a national organization touch- ing every State and section of the Union. From half a dozen cities, which had been the strategic points of the organi- zation at its birth, the list of United Press bureaus at which the report is re- layed and pony reports filed has grown until to-day it embraces the following cities: Boston, New York, Albany, Philadelphia, Washington, Raleigh, N. C. ; Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Columbus, Detroit, Indianapolis, Chicago, Milwau- kee, St. Paul, Springfield, 111.; St. Louis, Memphis, Tenn. ; Des Moines, la.; Oklahoma City, Houston, Tex. ; Lincoln, Neb.; Denver, San Francisco, Portland, Ore., and Los Angeles. In 1908, less than a year after his election to the presidency of the con- cern, John Vandercook, its first general news manager, died. A few months later Roy W. Howard, who had been New York manager, was made general news manager to succeed Vandercook, and immediately went abroad to effect a reorganization of the foreign service. The first step in this direction resulted in a replacing of all foreign-born man- agers by American newspaper men who, while speaking the language of the country to which they were assigned, had the advantage of American ideas of news and of training in the United Press organization in thi: country. Chief dependence was placed upon tile United Press trained men located in London, Paris, Berlin and Rome, and to each of these was assigned the task of budding up his own stafif of inde- pendent correspondents. While the method proved an expensive plan and was not at all times satisfactory, owing to the necessity, in Irecment instances, of depending upon native correspond- ents, whose idea of news values was anything but American, the plan, from the United Press point of view at least, proved infinitely more satisfactory than any that had been tried previously. Its especial value lay in the fact that it got away from the routine line of court chatter, governmental humdrum, and continental politics, and produced some real news of the common people of Eu- rope and their activities. As a reinforcement to the chain of American-manned bureaus, an alliance was made in London with the Exchange Telegraph Co., the largest English agency dealing solely in telegraph news, 'i he Exchange Telegraph, having no governmental financial or semi-official connections, is, like the United Press, in an independent position and engaged in- dependently in the collection of its own world's news. In Berlin an alliance was made with the Hirsch Bureau. In addition to this, a working agreement was made with the Berlin Tageblatt, one of the strong- est and most progressive of the big German dailies, by which access was had to the Tageblatt's news. In Paris arrangements similar to those in Berlin were made with the Fornier Agency, a concern entirely independent of government control and dictation, and with Excelsior, one of the most progressive and up-to-date papers in the French capital. THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST AD COMPOSITION and TYPE CASTING The Monotype is the only type caster and composing machine that will cast and compose good type, as good as new foundry type, and for a production cost that makes it profitable. AS A COMPOSING MACHINE the Monotype is the most economical and serviceable in the newspaper advertising department. It provides the advertiser with the faces he wants and in any desired combination. AS A TYPE CASTER it is the only machine that has an adequate assort- ment of its own matrices (1,050 fonts) which are furnished to publishers on the matrix library plan at a cost of $1.S7 per font. When you visit the National Printing and Advertising Exposition do not fail to see the Monotype exhibit of three machines in actual operation on news and advertising copy and casting type for the cases. LANSTON MONOTYPE MACHINE CO., Philadelphia THE WOOD DRY MAT is the most important invention in stereotyping since the advent of the AUTO PLATE. The day of the DRYING TABLE— steam or electric — has passed for all time. The quicker yours joins your HAND CASTING BOX on the scrap heap, the more rapid will be your growth and the greater your prosperity. WOOD FLONG COMPANY HENRY A. WISE WOOD, President BENJAMIN WOOD, Treas. and Gen. Mgr. 1 Madison Avenue, New York 99 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST 100 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST American Newspaper Publishers and Associated Press Conventions. Annual Meetings at Waldorf-Astoria Bring Together a Most Notable Gathering of Newspaper Men from Every Section of the Country — Record Attendance and Enthusiastic Optimism Features of All Sessions — Reports of the Proceedings — Speeches at Joint Banquet — Officers Elected. A. N. P. A. MEETING. ing manager of the New Bedford Even- ASSOCIATED PRESS. The corridors of the Waldorf-Asto- '"S Standard; H. C. Adler, secretary of The annual meeting of the Associated ria during the past week have been the Chattanooga (Tenn.) Times, and C. Press held at the Waldorf-Astoria, crowded with newspaper men, adver- C. Marquis, business manager of the New York, on Tuesday was more large- tising agents, special representatives, Bloomington (111.) Pantagraph, This ly attended than any other convention salesmen°of printing presses and paper committee met the representatives of the in the history of the organization, fully manufacturers sradicate men and Daily Newspaper Association, the 301) members being present when Presi- others who have somethin" to sell to United Newspapers and the National dent Frank D. Noyes, of tlie Washing- newspaper publishers. It is only when Newspaper Association during the lunch ton^Star, called the association to order, that so hour and listened to the various sugges- a political convention .- — _- large a number of men ever get together tifjns made by them, on the floors of this popular hostelry. The holding of the Associated Press and the .American Newspaper Publish- ers' Association conventions was the oc- Those attending represented every section of the United States. Among them were R. A. Crothers, publisher of the San Francisco Bulletin ; Alden J. Blethen, president and editor of the Seattle (Wash.) Times: Anion G. WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON. At the afternoon session, called to . ^, order at 2 o'clock, the reports of four ^^^j;';^ ^j ^^^ p^,^, ^V^^th (Tex.) casion of their presence m such large committees were read, accepted and dis- Record • R M Johnson editor oi the nu'nt'ers. cussed. HoustoA (Tex.') "Post ; J. M. Thomson, Newspaper men are somewhat clan- Jason Rogers, publisher of the New ^f ^^le New Orleans Item; Victor F. ish in their proclivities and when they York Globe, presented the report of the Lawson,"editor and publisher of the Chi- get together discuss few topics outside Committee on Co-operative Fire Insur- eago Daily Xews; Frank P. Glass, pub- of their own business, the reason being ance. He was able to announce that Usher of the Montgomery (.\la.) Ad- that each is anxious to learn from his thirty members of the A. N. P. A. had vertiser ; Bruce Haldeman, business fellows anything that will help him in already insured their properties on the manager of the Louis\ille (Ky.) Cou- his own line of 'business. co-operative plan, known as the Associa- rier-Journal ; C. W. Knapp, president of coN'VENTio.N WELL .\rTEXDED. tion Exchange. The insurance carried the St. Louis Republic: F. N. Dow, In the crowd were the faces of men by them, Mr. Rogers reported, would be president of the Portland (Me.) Eve- who have attended every convention of increased as soon as 100 members of ning Express; Col. Charles H. Diehl. the A. N. P. A. since it was organized, the association had followed their exam- publisher of the San Antonio Light; Every section of the United States and pie, this being the number necessary to Frank P. McLennan, publisher of the the principal provinces of Canada were establish the co-operative plan indep'end- Topeka State Journal, represented. The cigar counter man said ently of the companies now carrying he had rarely ever seen in the hotel a these contracts, more prosperous looking body of men. jj^ Rogers' report was highly satis- The convention was called to order factory to the members present and soon after 11 o clock by Elbert H. ,o„,. ^^ optimistic view on the ultimate Baker, pub isher of the Cleveland P ain advantages to be derived from this sort Dealer. The presidents address will be ^^ j^e insurance. He pointed out that already thirtv-five industrial and com- "On Feb. 1, 1913, adjustments were made in the salaries and working time of operators. These involved a gross increase of $.51,300 per annum. Where former salaries appeared to be equita- ble and a smaller number of hours a week could be arranged, the working time w-as reduced and the salary was not changed. Where no reduction in hours could be made, increases in sal- ary were allowed. During the year vigorous effort has been made to raise the standard of the personnel of the operating department. The new condi- tions of employment brought about by the readjustment will make possible further improvement in this direction. The efficiency of our service is dis- tinctly dependent upon the faithfulness of our operators, whose loyalty amply justifies the increased wages we have paid them. The increases in assess- ments made necessary by this adjust- ment of salaries were accepted cheer- fully by the members, virtually with- out exception. One of the regular attendants at the .\. P. conventions who was missed this j'ear was Gen. Charles H. Taylor, ecliior of the Boston Globe, who was in poor health the past winter but is now much better. Two sessions were held during the day. In the morning reports of" the board of directors. Melville E. Stone. found on page 1 Among the topics discussed during the morning session were the following: "What has been done Lv members of the -A. N. P. A. in the line of editoring, restricting or eliminating the advertis- ers of medicines or remedies?" and "Is the question of uniiorm rate cards and a uniform discount rate submitted bv — „ - -- - - the advertising agents' committee for A. N. P. A. who have been insured by sented difficulties greater than had been discussion of interest to members?" SPECIFIC? GET .\TTE.NTIOX. During the discussion of the former mercial groups in the Umted States {i,e general manager, and the Auditing had made a success of co-operative fire Committee were submitted. The report insurance, combining low premiums of the board of directors was as fol- with maximum protection. lows : "The year 1912 waj an exceptional one in respect of new-s development. Following is a list of members of the The .'\merican political campaign pre- C0-0PER.\TIVE FIRE INSURERS. the exchange of the association : Plain Dealer, Cleveland. 0.; S. W. American, Fort Smith, .-Krk. ; Bulletin, question it w-as brought out that quite San Francisco, Cal. ; News, Macon, Ga. ; a large proportion of the newspapers News, Savannah, Ga. : Inter-Ocean, Chi- have either put up the bars entirely cago, 111.; Post. Chicago. 111.; Daily against patent medicines or have adopt- News, Chicago. 111. ; Journal, Peoria, ed rules for the elimination of those 111.; State-Register. Springfield, III; that they consider to be of an objec- Times, Leavenworth, Kan.; Eagle, tionable character. It was contended by Wichita, Kan. ; Post, Louisville, Ky. ; some of the speakers that it was unfair Item, New Orleans, La. ; Standard, New to place all of these medical prepara- Bedford, Mass. ; Patriot, Jackson, Mich. ; ^.^j^.^j ^ notaole test of the etticiency ot tions in the same category, bome ot News, St. Joseph, Mo.: State-Journal, ,|,g or: 1012. "The Advisory board of the Western Division and members on several State circuits have met and their suggestions have been helpful. The directors heg to call attention to the fact that all the advisory boards are not meeting in accordance with the resolution passed by the members on April 20. 1909. That resolution prescribed among other things that each chairman should call a meeting of his advisory board at least once a year, thirty days prior to the December meeting of the board of directors, that notice of said meet- ing should be sent to each member of the division thirty days in advance, and that each chairman should submit a re- port at the December meeting of the board. "At the close of the year we had ^■QQ members, a gain of thirty-six dur- ing 1912. We had 319 morning papers. 493 evening papers and forty-four Sun- day papers on the Continent, six papers THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST in Cuba, two in Hawaii and two in Mexico." Tlie report of tlie auditing commit- tee showed tliat the total income of the association during the past year was $2,958,030.33, of which $2,949,- 568.28 came from assessments, $6,182.57 from interest account and $2,189.48 e-xpired term of Frederick Roy Mar- itself with him. The report pointed out tin, who resigned, to become assistant that the four years now devoted to the general manager of the service. elimination of the free-space-getter had The following advisory boards also been very profitable, and that much ad- were elected: vertising had been developed where for- EASTERN DIVISION— E. H. But- merly the press agent had been relied ler, Buffalo News; John R. Rathom, upon to secure free publicity. Providence Journal; Ogden Mills Reid, press .\grnt loses uut. New York Tribune; George S. Oliver, L. B. Palmer, manager of the A. N. ■Pittsburgh Chronicle-Telegraph, and V. P. A., in speaking of this report, said C. McCormick, Harrisburg Patriot, that the efforts of the association in this Nominating Committee — A. K. Kimball, field had brought excellent results to its Waterbury (Conn.) American, and W. members. The sources and motives of E. Gardner, Syracuse Post-Standard, uninvited contributions to newspapers .\uditing Committee — W. H. Dow, have been fully identified and many of Portland (Me.) Express. the worst offenders along free publicity CENTR.-SlL DIVISION— Arthur lines, such as big public service corpo- Capper, Topeka (Kan.) Capital; H. M. rations and large manufacturing con- Pindell, Peoria (HI.) Journal; Ernest cerns, have been shown that their pur- Bross, Terre Haute Star; Gardner poses are accomplished in a better and Cowles, Des Moines Register and cleaner manner -by using advertising Leader, and R. F. Wolfe, Columbus space. (0.) State Journal. Nominating Com- The afternoon session ended at 4.30 mittee — Thomas Rees, Springfield (111.) o'clock, after a report on the suggested State Register, and P. E. Burton, Jop- amalgamation of the United Newspa- lin (Mo.) News-Herald. Auditing pers. Associated Newspapers and the Committee— Lewis H. Miner, Spring- Daily Newspaper Club with the A. N. field (111.) State Journal. P. A. had been considered and deferred SOUTHERN DIVISION— James R. for future action. The mailing situation, which affects the puldishers in two important ways, was referred to a committee, of which Don C. Seitz is chairman. These ques- tions concern the consolidation of vari- ous post office branches by the Post Office Department, the result of which interferes with the distribution of Gray, Atlanta Journal ; Frank Glass, Montgomery Advertiser; Bruce Halde- Louisville Courier-Journal ; Rob THURSDAY MORNING. More than 230 members had registered before the morning session was con- Ewing, New Orleans States, and eluded, showing that interest in the con- H. C. Adlcr, Chattanooga Times. Nom- inating Committee — W. J. Crawford, JMcmphis Commercial Appeal, and R. M. Johnson. Houston Post. Auditing vention increased as the sessions ad- vanced. The first hours of the day were given over to the subject of labor. H. N. Kellogg, chairman of the special stand- HEBULAN BIDSrB. from fines. The expenses and charges for the year were as follows; Foreign News Service.... $237,722.78 Incoming News Service.... 216,322.84 Outgoing News Service.... 1,804,24)1.07 General expenses — Salaries 509,201.17 Office 137,55.3.84 Depreciation, office furni- ture and fixtures, 10 per cent 2,754.06 Total . . . : $2,908,295,711 Net income for the year ending Dec. 31, 1912 $49,731.57 After the above reports had been read, they were adopted without debate by the convention. The following di- Committee— James M. Thomson, New i"f .^J^™™!'?!^ l",!'.'"'"f'^l'l^. ™"'™'"S! 'l Orleans Item. WESTERN DIVISION— A. J. Ble- then, Seattle Times; C. A. Morden, Portland (Ore.) Telegram; A. N. report, which showed that much had been done to bring publishers and em- ployees closer together. The report showed that a large num- .^ , c 1 T i' rj. -, - r -Kj c ^^^ o^ contracts with the labor unions McKay, Salt Lake Tribune; I N Ste- j^ad been signed, and many disputes aris- yens, Pueblo Chieftain, and S. F. ;„„ ^^^ ^f ^^^ relations existing between ■Hogue, San Francisco Post. Nominal- publisher and employes had been settled, ing Committee— W. A. Bower, Ana- and that the Chicago pressmen's strike conda Standard, and J. F. Conners, had been adjusted to the satisfaction of Oakland Tribune. Auditing Commit- both sides. tee— E. H. Callister, Salt Lake Herald- The committee called attention to the Republican. fact that during the year many offices The afternoon session was very brief had adjusted the open pressroom plan, and was devoted entirely to the recep- During the morning two leading labor tion of the report of the tellers who representatives were heard. James M. counted the votes for the directors. Lynch, president of the International Nothing but routine business was dis- Typographical Union, told the members cussed during the two sessions of the that the union thought that the printers' convention. If the members had any apprentices were not given sufficient time grievances they did not bring them for- to properly learn the printing business, ward at this time. It was expected He asked that the members give the that some remarks would be made upon boys a better opportunity. Many of the the service of the association, but ap- members were in favor of Mr. Lynch's parently all of the members were so suggestion. well pleased with the service they are Jam^^s J- F"el, president of Interna- receiving that they had no fault to find, J'onal Stereotypers and ^ Electrotypers "f they did. they did not regard it OSWAI.D G-. VII^IiABS. papers, and the zone rates, which affect second class matter. The question as to whether the asso- ciation should form two classes, and thus take in a large number of small dailies throughout the country, was dis- cussed, and will be decided upon by a committee which will report to the di- rectors. This committee consists of John T. Mack, of the Sandusky (0.) Regis- ter, chairman ; Louis H. Miner. Fred- erick H. Stevens, Milow W. Whitaker and E. P. Adler. Other topics taken up, but upon which no definite action was taken, were the tendency of national advertisers to in- sert in their contracts clauses which af- ford them a rebate if the circulation falls below the guarantee; the good as of suffi it on the floor of the convention annual meeting of the board of direc- tors was held on Wednesday. At the meeting of the Board of Dipec ess on Union, in his address, dwelt at porTa'*nc7"to"'prerent ''="§'•; o" "'<= pressman's strike in Chi- -pi^g cago last year. He said that the board of directors of his organization had en- deavored to prevent the local stereo- typers from joining the pressmen in a CONDE HAMI^IIT. rectors were re-elected for a term of three years, witliout opposition : JIIKECTORS RE-ELECTED. Charles Hopkins Clark, Hartford (Conn.) Courant; Charles W. Knapp, St. Louis Republic; Clark Howell, At- lanta Constitution; V. S. McCIatchy, Sacramento Bee ; Charles A. Roolc, Pittsburgh Dispatch. Samuel Bowles, of the Springfield (Mass.) Republican, was elected for two years to fill the un- tors of the Associated Press on Tues- ^ympathchc walk-out, bu had not suc- dav the ofllcers and members of the Ex- "f^^f- Because they did go out, heir ecitive Committee were re-elected for charter was revoked and a new local or- the ensuing year. Following is the list : gamzation formed. President, FranK B. Noyes, Washing- THURSDAY AFTERNOON, ton Star; first vice-president, Charles H. In the afternoon the annual meeting Taylor, Boston Globe; second vice- of the stockholders of the association president, Crawford Hill, Denver Re- was held. publican; secretary Melville E. Stone, It was decided to reorganize the as- New York Citv; assistant secretary, sociation and incorporate it under the Frederick Roy Martin, New York City; membership laws of the State of New and treasurer, R. J. Youatt. New York York, instead of the business laws under Citv. The Executive Committee consists which it was formed. A new set of by- of ' Charles A. Rook, Pittsburgh Dis- laws was adopted. These by-laws were patch ; Charles Hopkins Clark, Hart- prepared for the benefit of those who ford Courant; Charles W. Knapp, St. might be interested in the organization. Louis Republican; rrank B. Noves, and proved, as Charles H. Taylor, of Washington Star; W. L. McLean, Phil- the Boston Globe, laughingly remarked, auelphia Bulletin ; Adolph S. Ochs, New that "the association is not a trust York Times, and Victor F. Lawson, Chicago Daily News. During the afternoon session another representative of a labor union was heard, Matthew Wool, president of the International Photo Engravers Union. PRESS CONVENTIONS. He said that the relations between the tCoiiiiinicJ from /.ooi- lot ) members of his union and the publish- ers throughout the entire country were planned, the committee in charge was most friendly, and that both sides were continued. to be congratulated on the peaceful PRESS AGENT LOSSES OUT. situation. The press agent was given consider- There was a further discussion of the able attention in the report made by the labor situation, but no votes were taken committee appointed last year to busy looking toward any definite action. 102 ABOI^FH S. OCHS. points in cost agitation to publishers, as now enjoyed Ijy some printers: the ad- visability of employing efficiency experts, and a comparison of costs between pub- lishers. Talk of the abolition of the paper committee was set at rest when it was decided to permit the present paper committee to continue in its present form until the nresent tarii? bill is en- acted, then the committee's work will (.Contimied on page 116.) THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST MR. BAKER'S REPORT. orth consideration in this ccn- President of the A. N. P. A. Is Highly Pleased with Work Done — Wants Members to Make Better Use of Service Offered. President Baker's annual report was as follows : In presenting a Th( THE UNDERWOOD BILL. paper comnDittee bid; fair to N. Y. Herald on Paper Cost. In an editorial yesterday The New Vork Herald said: "The three hundred and odd editors and publishers of American newspapers who are in the city have had presented to them two object lessons which very probably will make a deep impression. "As they have read the announcement of the Philadelphia Public Ledger that it will cease to be a one cent newspaper on May 1 and raise its price to two cents because it is worth more than one cent and because the newsdealers who handle it are entitled to a greater prolit than they can possibly realize on a one cent paper. "The Public Ledger has the courage of its convictions. It is no trifling matter to depart from a one cent basis and double the price of a daily morning newspaper in a city where all other morning newspapers are sold for one cent and the Public Ledger will have in competition four excellent one cent newspapers. The Brookljm Eagle, a successful three cent afternoon newspaper, in com- menting on this matter shows that the one cent newspaper finds after grinding the newsboy hard that it onlj^ gets enough from its circulation to pay for the white paper, while the two cent, three cent or five cent newspaper is able to treat the retailer fairly and yet be able to Civide the cost instead of letting it fall on the advertiser alone. ''We believe that many of the papers now sold at a cent would raise tneir price but for the fact that they are hold- ing on in the hope ithat the tariff bill will cheapen the price of white paper — a remote contingenc}-." ief report fi year now closing:, 1 will do little than call your attention to the w the several committees, depending for the po'ssibl flptiiils of operation upon the ri-port from penses enih. wliirli wUl be presented later for in nblp I dp^irp at the outset to express my very hifjh ;i.]>]>rec-iation of both the volume and quality of work now done by our New York office under the supervision of L. B. Palnier, oiu- sreneral maua.ser. and his corps of assistants. The demands upon the office are many and complex, and call for patience, tact and executive ability of no mean order. In expre'Sj^ing to you my 'apprec-iation of the services rendered, I am constrained to call upon our mean'bers to study more carefully its central office, the opportunity for infor- mation and service which is there at the command of each member, and to ur2:e _ our members, one and all. to make freer our association' use of its many departments. Members of the association mi^ht often save them- selves much annoyance and a consider- able sum of money if they would more fully avail themselves of the credit ratings, the' collection department, and the gen- eral information at command by return of mail or wire. results of its long aind persistent ef- forts given a final expression in the Underwood bill, aud to prove both the hard work done and the money expended well worth while. The price for print paper to-dav is certaiulv in sharp con- trnsfc with tlie <'onditions facing our mem- bers when the committee commenced its aggressive campaign. A number of let- ters have been received during the jear pressing the hope that it will soon be to materially rwluce the ex- of the committee. This work is in able hamds and I am sure that we can safely leave this question to their judg- ment. It would "be well if all of our members would closely study the work of our advertising agents" committee, and bring their several officps into closer touch with its work especially upon all raiabters re- lating to credits, collections and the per- sons, or fims to whom commission shall be granted. Much progress along these lines has already been made, but the best results can only be obtained by the most cordial co-operation. The press agents' committee has done highly efficient work and the results are fest in every well managed office in appointed the mcuihi Mutual Fi AS TO COXFIDENTIAL INFORMATION^. I cannot too strongly urge our members to rreat all information coming from the central office as strictly confidential, and especialh- to see that code books are not permitted tn fall into hands othtr than those for whom intended. One of the important events of the year was the attachment of a rider to the Postal Appropriations Act. which has be(Ti regarded hy our members as an invasion of private rights. The matter was immediately brought to the attention of our members, r meeting of the board was held, and the entire matter placed in the hands of a special committee which has given the matter unremitting York Evenins: Post, and George ,v „j„ .ff„„* *„ -s. of the "Cleveland Plain Dealer, at FIRE INSURANCE. recall that a committee was vear nffo to establish within ■ship of the A. N. P. A. a e Insurance Company. This committf-e has been active during the year, an-d a report showing substantial Tirogress will be presented later. Judg- ing from the results which are being oh- tained in many other lines of business, this matter is -n-orthv of vour earnest consid.-ratinn, and I am sur-^ that if this is given, the plan will enlist your ap- proval, and that within the year to come, very marked progress will be made. Not long ago the National Association of Advertising ilanagers invited our or- ganization to join with the many others interested in advertising promotion, for the nurpose of standardizing circulation bookkeening. and to formulate some plan for auditing circulation that would sare dnplination of effort in this direction, ^fpi^srs. William H. Field, of the Chicago bune: W. J. Pattison, of the Chicago Daily Xews, Victor F. Lawson, i dent, treasurer, publisher and editor; Hope- ueil L. Rogers, business manager. Chicago Evening Post, D. E. Town, secretary treasurer and business manager. Chicago Record-Herald, A. D. Mayo, president, treasurer and publisher. Chicago Daily Tribune, Robert R. McCormick, president and treasurer; William H. Field, Cincinnati Enquirer, Edward Flicker, business manager. Cincinnati Daily Times-Star, Chris. H. Rem- bold, secretary and business manager. Cleveland Leader, Wm. P. Leech, publisher and editor; T. A. Robertson. Cleveland Plain Dealer, Elbert H. Baker, gen- eral manager; George M. Rogers, business Cle and Pn Cha H. Fen busi ittention and has made every effort to safeguard the rights and interests of the members of this association. As you know a suit is now pending which will deter- mine the question. Another important matter which has come up during the year is the question of re-incorporation of the association, which will be presented in detail for your attention and action. '^Hien this matter is presented in due course of busi- ness. I trust that we may not only hare n large attendance, but that this tniestion may be given careful consideration and that prompt action may be taken. EXCELLENT COMMITTErE WORK. The special standing committee has had many matters of importance to deal Albi with this year, which will be covered in Mr. Kellogg's report and to which at- tention is invited. The committee has done excellent work, notably in connec- tion with the strike at Chicago, and the symnathetic strikes which were threat- ened in many nuarters as a result. Following the report of the specia'l standing committee last year, an educa- tional fund was proposed and the entire matter was placed in the hands of a special committee. Unfortunately, the members of this committee were separ- ated by some 2.000 miles, and it was therefore practically impossible to holda meetina; at which the matter could tended the meeting in New York as n committee from our organization and will in due time present a report to the asso- ciation. The A. N. P. A. has had a busy and a worth while year, closing this period with the large-;t membei-ship iu its his- tory, and I am sure that our members mar eonfide-nitlv look forward to a still broader artivitv and a larger usefulness during the coming year. Willing Columbia State, F. C. Withers. Columbus Dispatch, Robert F. Wolfe, president. Danville Commercial-Xews, W. J. Parrett, sec- retary and business manager. Des Mmnes Capital, Lafayette Young, Jr., busi- ness manager. Des Moines Register and Leader, Gardner Cowles, president, publisher and treasurer; W. B. Southwell, secretary and business manager. Detroit Free Press, W. H. Pettibone, business ager. ROSTER OF VISITORS. FoMowing are the names of those registered Albany Evening Journal, John H. Lindsay, sei etary, treasurer and jnanage' Knickerbocker Albanv Times-Union, lisher. Anaconda Standard. mrl hnsine David A. rge J. Auer, Miller, pub- Liverpool Evening Review, Louis H. Brush, president and publisher; F. J. Austin. Evansville Courier, Percy P. Carroll, secretary and business manager. Fall River Daily Globe, James F. Driscoll, pub- lisher, business manager and secretary- Fort Worth Star-Telegram, Louis J. Wortham, president and editor; Amon G- Carter, vice- president and general manager. Grand Rapids Evening Press, George G. Booth, president; Edmund W. Booth, treasurer, editor and publisher. Harrisburg Telegraph, E. J. Stackpole, presi- dent and treasurer; C. McCormick. id bii age-- Constitution. Clark Howell, edi ita Journal, Charles D. Atkins ra Dailv Beacon-Xews. A. IL Snook, pre; It. business manager and treasurer. nore American, J- W. Stoddard, bu Grasty, presidi Joseph publishe ingor D irmingha H. Boston Transcript, W. F. Rogers, bus Bridgeport Standard, Frederick H. BroTklvn Dailv Eagle, Herbert F. business mafiager. Crooklvn Standard Union, president, publisher, treasu F. R. Huntsman, advertisi Willi mee-tms at which the matter couia oe p" Gla=s editor properly discussed and necessary plans -q^^'^^,^ Qi^bel Charles PL Taylor, Jr. formulated. and secretary. When the Cliicago strike was de- clared, and sympathetic strikes in many cities were threatened, it was fortu- nate to a degree that your prf'sident was able ito denv in toto Pr'^sident Berry's statement that the A. X. P. A. had raised $1,000,000 and was emraged in an eifort to disunionize every offirr- in the association. A report, however, will be presf'nted later, and it is still possible to inaus-uraite such a campaiirn as was proposed a year ago. Tn this time of comunrativp peace, and with no war cloud in sight, it is perhaps a better time to formulate a wise plan ■and to carrv it Charleston Post, Al. to a successful conclusion, than when -.^^^^-^ ^ ., riK.^,- .^r t v the air was surchar^efl .T^-ith rnmors of ^^'^'^;;'^%^^'^y ^^'^''^'' ^- ^ impending conflict. The feasibility of es- Chattanooga Times. H. C . tablishing an employment bureau either treasurer, publisher and bus as a department of the labor committee. Chicago Daily Journal, Lester pr in counection with the general office, ness manager and. secretary. 103 )ai'v Times. Richard treasurer and business man; ;ning News, Edward H. Cutler. News and Courier, Robert Latli Kohn, bui THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST Hartford Courant, Ckas. Hopkins Clark, presi- dent and editor. Hartford Times, Clayton 1". Chamberlain, vice- president and business manaper. Haverhill Evening Gazette, Robert L, Wright, treasurer and editor. Moljokcn llii.lsnn Observer. .\. L- K.'lnifel.ler. Houston Chronicle, M. E. Foster, president, general manager, publisher and editor. Houston Post, R. M. Johnston, president and Jackson" Patriot, Mile W. Whittaker. treasurer and business manager. Jersey City Jersey Journal, Walter M. Dear, secretary, treasurer, publisher and business manager. Joliel Daily News, H. E. Baldwin, secretary, treasurer and advertising manager. Kansas City Journal. Hal Gaylord, secretary and business manager. Kansas City Star, W. R. Nelson, editor and publisher; .'\ug. F. Seested, business manager. Kingston Daily Freeman, Jay E. Klock, presi- dent, editor, business manager and publisher. Publishei Knoxville publishe Los Angel Louisvill smith, and bus 'ille ille B. J. STACKPOI^i:. Harrisburg (Pa.) Tele entinel, C. B. Johnson, pr and business manager. Time and Cour Chandler, busi Lou and ■ Lowell Whiople and G Lynn Daily Eve •Joun Brui ness manager. Herald, William K. McKay, edi Evening Post, RiHiard W- Kn and treasurer; W. W. Stouf manager. urier-Citize-.. Cob. ; A. L. Hasi Item, Chai Rielly, A. F. H. Hastings, New York World, Don C Seitz, business man- ager; Florence DeWhite- Newark Evening News, Charles F. Dodd, busi- ness manager. Norfolk Ledger-Dispatch. S. L. Slover. presi- dent and business manager. Oakland Tribune, John F. Connor, editor. Oil Citv Derrick, Patrick C. Boyle, president. Omaha Daily Bee, Chas. C- Kosewater, vice- president and general manager. Oshkosh Daily Northwestern. O. J. Hardy, sec- retary, treasurer and business manager; G. R. Boardman. Oltumwa Daily Courier, Jas. F. Powell, presi- dent, publisher and business manager. Rochester Union and Advertiser, W. J. Curtis, president, treasurer and business manager. Rome Daily Sentinel, Augustus C Kessingcr, president and business manager. St. Joseph News-Press, Charles M. Palmer, president; Louis T. Golding, vice-president, treasurer, editor and publisher. St. Louis Globe-Democrat, E. Lansing Ray, sec- retary and advertising manager; F. St J. Richards, New York representative. St. Louis Republic, Charles W. Knapp, preti- St. Louis Star, F. B. Warren, editor. St. Paul Dispatch, C. K. Blandin, business man- ager. Manchester Union. R. W. Pillsbury. Memphis Commercial-Apiical, W. ford, president. Meriden Daily Journal, F. E. Sands and business manager. Milwaukee Journal, L. T. Bovd. publisher. Milwaukee Sentinel, John Poppendieck, Jr., editor and business manager. Milwaukee Evening Wisconsin, John W- Camp- sie, publisher and business manager. Montgomery Advertiser, F. P. Glass, secretary, treasurer, business manager and publisher. Montreal (Canada) Star. W. S. Marson. Muncie Morning Star, Harry F. Guthrie, busi- ness manager. Nashville Democrat, Hickman Price, secretary, SXARCEJ^ZiUS E. FOSTER. S'ident and General Manag Ho ston Chronicle ew Bedford Evening Standard. Benj. H. An- thony, president, treasurer, publisher and business manager, ew Haven Journal -Courier, Everett R. ~ ' " Mori urer and publishe Jew Orleans Picayune. Thomas G. Rapier, vice- 'lew Orleans Daily States. Robert Ewing, presi- nd publisher. Orlc; D. D. Moo ager. general New York Globe Tason Rogers, secretary and publisher; W- TI. Thomson, assistant publisher. New York Journal of Commerce and Commer- cial Bulletin, Alfred W. Dodsworth, secretary, publisher and business manager. New York Evening Mail, John C Cook, treas- nd bu nager. New York Evening Post. Oswald Gan . lard, president. New Yorker Staats Zeitung. Herman Ridder, president and editor; Victor F. Ridder, treas- urer, publisher and business manager. New York Sun, Wm. C. McCloy. nublisher. New York Times, Adolph S. Ochs, president and publisher; Louis Wilcv, business man- ager; Edward Payson Call." advertising man- ew York Tribune, Ogdcn M. Reid, president and editor; Conde Hamblin. secretary and business manager. Paterson Daily Guardian, Henry L. Berdan, secretary and business manager. Pawtucket Evening Times. Chas. O. Black, president, treasurer and business manager; N. E, Binford. Peoria Daily Journal. H. M. Pindell, publisher. Perth Amboy Evening News, D. P. Olmstead, president, publisher and business manager. Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, Wm. L. Mc- Lean, publisher; William Simpson, business manager. Philadelphia Inquirer, James Elverson, Jr., president and publisher. Philadelphia Press, Benj. B. Wells, president. Philadelphia Public Ledger. Milton B. Ochs, business manager. Pittsburgh Chronicle-Telegraph, Geo. S. Oliver. president and publisher; Augustus K. Oliver, secretary. Pittsburgh Dispatch, C. A. Rook, president and editor; C R. Sutphen. treasurer and business manager. Pittsburgh Post, A. E. Braun, vice-president and treasurer; Emil M. Scholz, general manager. publisher and business manager. Pittsburgh Press. Harry C. Milholland, general and business manager. Portland, Me., Evening Express and Daily Ad- vertiser, Fred N. Dow, president; I-. II. Drinkwater, publisher, Portland Oregonian, E. B. Piper, editor. Providence Journal, G. E. Buxton, Jr., treas- urer; John R. Rathom, business manager and editor. Pueblo Chieftain, I. N. Stevens. Reading Eagle. John W. Rauch, secretary, treasurer and superintendent. Richmond News Leader, J. Stewart Bryan, 5 resident, publisher and editor; Robert B. ones, business manager. ; A. Harvey, manager; Taunton Daily Gazelt dent and editor; manager. Terre Haute Star, Ja Ernest Brose. Tole. Topeka Daily Capital, Arthur Capper, publisher, editor and business manager. Topeka State Journal, X-rank P. MacLennan, editor and publisher. Troy Record. David B. Plum, secretary and business manager- Troy Times. Robt. B. Waters, assistant business manager. Washington Evening Star, Fleming Newbold, business manager. Waterbury American, Chas. H. Keach. business manager; Arthur R. Kimball, treasurer. Waterbury Republican, William J. Pape, lec- retary, treasurer, publisher and editor. Williamsport Grit, Dietrick Lamade, president and business manager. Williamsport Sun and News. George E. Graff. secretary, treasurer and business manager. Wilmington Every Evening, William F. Met- ten, business manager. rk Dispatch and York Daily. Edward S. Young, president and editor; Willis ngstow esideni lilton Tir nager. Tay McCIur. Telegram, Samuel and publisher, les, John M. Eastwo treasurer and business manager. Montreal Daily Star, W. S. Mars. Toronto Globe, J. F. MacKay, business manager. Toronto Daily Star, J. E. Atkin: and publisher. Toronto Telegram, John Ro; prietor and publisher. Owensboro, Ky., Messenger, president and editor. Erie Times, John J. Mead, s. and business manager. Burlington, Vt, Free Press, W. B. Ho ness manager, treasurer and clerk. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, E. A. Martin, advert ing I Robinson, pro- Urey Woodson, busi- ville, O., Times Recorder. W. O. Littick, business manager, secretary and trasurer. Toronto World, Frank C. Hoy. business man- ager. Atlanta Constitution, Albert Howell, president. Indianapolis Sun, G. H. Larke, publisher Hartford Times, Everett C. Wilson, secretary. Syracuse Post-Standard, Jerome D. Barnum, Sandusky, O., Register, John T. Mack, presi- dent and editor. Providence Bulletin. Henry R. Davis, secretary. Montreal Star, C. F. Crandal!. managing editor. Sacramento Bee, V. S. McClatchy. presid. and publisher; C. K. McClatchy, editor. Salt Lake City Descret News, H. G. Whitney, business manager and publisher. Salt Lake Citv Herald-Republican, E. H- Cal- lister, president. Salt Lake City Tribune, A. N. MacKay, pub- lisher and general manager. San Francisco Bulletin, R. A. Crothers, pub- lisher. San Francisco Call, W. W. Chapin, publisker. San Francisco Evening Post, S. Fred. Hogue, president, publisher and editor. Saratoga Springs, Saratogian, John K. Wal- bridge, president, treasurer, publisher and business manager. Savannah Morning News, Frank G. Bell, president, treasurer and publisher. Schenectady Gazette, A. N. Liecty. secretary and business manager. Scranton Times, Edw. J. Lynett, editor and publisher. Seattle Post-Intelligencer, Scott C. Bone, vice- president and editor. Seattle Times, Alden J. Blethen, president and editor. South Bend Tribune, Chas. E. Crockett, secre- Spokane Spokesman-Review, W. H. Cowlcs, publisher. Springfield, HI.. State Journal. Lewis H. Miner, president and editor. Springfield. 111., State Register, Thomas Rees, secretary, treasurer and business manager. Springfield Republican. Samuel Bowles, presi- dent, treasurer, publisher and editor; Arthur H. Yunker, business manager. Springfield Union, J. D. Plummer, secretary, treasurer and publisher. Syracuse Herald, Edward H. O'Ha I^OTTIS T. G-OiLSINa. and Publisher St. Joseph (Mo.) Columbia, S. C, Record, W. B. Sullivan, pub- lisher. Toronto Mail and Express, W. J. Douglas, secretary. Richmond News Leader. G. B. David. Philadelphia Bulletin, Robert L. McLean, cir- Pittsburgh Dispatch, H. C. Rook, secretary. Augusta, Me., Tournal, Rov H. Flynt. Trenton, N. J., Evening Times. Owen Moon, Jr.. secretary, treasurer and business manager. Trenton. N. J., Evening Times, James Kerney. editor. Fort Worth Record. Hunt McCabe. Lincoln, Neb., State Journal, C. D. Traphagen. John Norris. chairman Committee on Paper, A. N. P. A. lishe Syn Post-Standard, H. S. Holden, presi- Friendly Action in Pulitzer Estate. A friendly action for an accounting of the executors and trustees in the es- tate of Joseph Pulitzer was begun in tile Supreme Cotirt with the filing of notices of appearance b}' attorneys for the Metropolitan Museum of Art and Barnard College, two beneficiaries by Mr. Pulitzer's will. The executors and trustees are made the plaintiffs and all legatees are the defendants. 104 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST The New York Globe proves, by the very latest method and under most stringent regula- tions, the largest high-class net paid evening circulation in New York. -p Ti o a TT C H fl TS "T- ~R t rp ,ui^ v., „J"" 3.V« y&^^t^ '^f^^.r^ /^.^/i/ (^ ^^..^x ■<&^^^ ^ eS^- /-r ■H7ui/'(y?.,x- G, -Z^/Y^^AU:. -/&:/'j a^.. ^A t ^^A ' ^^^ ; /i-ff r^l- M, . /^?)«- 4"/*^' <&-^ 7- J'a.&tv' <2*fc-.-o. ,^ 9Z>v^, o£l-^ '/,-Ji/,o?J $? '7-^. »/_?„vo/« /• 'S3ffjjj/ •"■7 ••'7 ;t and most nncomfort- ncc 10 address on all this lid Professor Richmond. "I re this is true, hut I call to thing which my friend, Presi- 1. told me some time ago, when hi' guilty of tnese postprand'al c said to me, ilt is impossible HOFi:Wi:i>I> Xi. ROCrEBS. to overestimate the ignorance of the average audience.' (Laughter.) I know that this is a place of danger, and I might even long for some refuge, as the Scripture .says, from tbis strife of tongues,' and yet there is none. A sopho- more in one of our colleges — it was not Union College — was asked to define a Marsupial. He said. 'It is an animal with a pouch in his belly, into which he retires in time of danger.' liOUls "WiliEY. *-Aind yet, there are some interesting cbaracter'istics which I believe newspaper I isMult from many sides: they compel men and college presidents have in com- iis to t(dl how much we owe, how mucli mon : neither of them is as wise as he \ circulate; who owns us, and all that, looks; both of tbera are perfectly willing inri nou I saw that there was a Bill in- to discuss any ouestion publicly or pri- tioduced in the Senate the other day, by vately. and, usually, with a fluency in m- Senatoi Works, of California, forbid- verse ration to their knowledge of the dmg making it unlawful, to publish the subject. And both of them by dint of vspaper. loni H. B. CI.ABK. Theater ; and Lyons and Yosco, Ham- merstein's Victoria Theater. Seated at the guest table were Jo- sephus JJaniels, Secretary of the Navy, and editor of the Raleigh iscws and Ob- server; Congressman Frank L. Greene, publisher of the St. Albans (Vt.) Mes- senger; Charles H. Grasty. of the Bal- timore Sun; Col. N. G. Osborn, of the New Haven Journal-Courier; Bernard H. Ridder. of the New Yorker Staats- Zeitung; Dr. Charles Alexander Rich- mond, president of Lnion College; Lieutenant-Commander Leigh C. Palm- er, U. S. N. ; Robert Ewing; Frederick Roy Martin, assistant general manager of the Associated Press: W. L. Mc- Lean. Philadelphia Bulletin ; W. H. Cowles, Spokane Spokesman-Review ; Adolph S. Ochs. New York Times; F. B. Jennings ; Elbert H. Baker, Cleveland Plain Dealer; Colonel Philip T. Dodge; Victor F. Lawson, Chicago Daily News ; John F. Mackay, Toronto Mail and Ex- press ; W. F. Baker ; Charles W. Knapp, St. Louis Republic; Conde Hamlin, New York Tribune ; and Charles W. Price. soon as the public tires of the iiiitf, of woman suffrage, and three or 1 lui other familiar subjects, they begin to talk about crime in the newspapers. It is pietty well understood among news- pipei men that we do not revel in crime; we don t really enjoy it; that we do not spiead it upon the pages of our news- papers because it is the best we can get, only because it is a legitimate part of the news of the day. There may be some typographical exuberances, here and there, in the display of the headlines, but that is only a trifle in an otherwise per- fore feet organization. Now, Senator Weeks sour and. i>j.r. Noyes. I am shocked — it is a the ; Wa.shington newspaper that he takes as men a terrible example. He gives a list of the mon who fifty-four crimes pu^blishod in that news- of our nation paper in one issue. makers of hi^ "Now, I will match the .Senator's crime thinks Im is. 1 am a reader of the Congressional been practise, have acquired the habit of saying very impressively very little, and in a great variety of way.s. "Now, the psychologists tell us that every man is four persons. First, there is John as he thmks he is; second, there is .lohn as we think he is; third, .there is .Tohn as he thinks we think he is. and, fourth, there is John as he really is. which he never discovers, himself. (Laughter.) "Now. these wise kuvs (laughter) tell me that the "wav to address an audien<-.> is in the first of these ways, aivl there- fore rentlemen. T address you ns the source of all intclligenco (laughter l. as the men who mold mihlic opinion: "s tH" ■o behind FBANK A. MUNSET. would enjoy such a gathering as this more than he would — and if he should come and you should taKe him to one of those great plants of T^ours and show him your marvelous facilities for the collecting and handling of news, and the wonderful presses, he would be very greatly inter- ested, no doubt, but he would be keen enouj^h to realize that these were not the p'reatest things. He would realize that the germs of these things were known to him, and even the electric motive power would not seem marvelous to him because he had already, long before any of us were born, discovered the secret of that by his experiment with the kite and key. I fancy, if he should read any of your productions, ue would say to himself, 'Well, they have nothing on me there,' (Laughter.) "But I will not pursue that subject any further. Tour presses are in strik- ing complimentary contrast to his press, but as to the productions — you may mako your own inferences. (Laughter.) Tliere is one riling which I think would sur- prise him ^'ery much, a thing which we. ourselves, would wonder at constantly, if we were not so familiar with it. and that is the fact that we have been able in this country, in .so short a time — that we have been able to adjust the comnlicated and delicate social and political forces so as to make one national organism. In Franklin's day we were not a nation. nlly dntc tbf ^ the fn vho are thf -liter.) There bn Record, gontle to find fwith (Laughter.) apologies to 1 disti-ictL I nbers TTc agivr fn linil in lliat pnol .sjHM.chi's lii;il :iiv purposeless, that have no coiistructivr course, that have no wis- dom, or any reason for being delivered, as he will ifind crimes in any newspaper in Washington or elsewhere. Some of the speeches are of the qualitv that Sneaker Tteed detected in the addresses of William R. ^lorri^on^Horizontal Bill, as he wa.s called. Once, when Morrison had spoken on the floor of the House, lined rose to his feet and said. 'Mr. Speaker. I always listen with deep at- abroad to tell lies for tlu ntr:v The •Iter dth- (Li .^ tes Fes cimracter for his own profit, trhter.) . nw. to tell the honest truth. T am fraid of vou. Grentlemen. because T am frnii'l von are loaded. (Laughter.) ;Vnd T want to get at the ri^bt end. te'ntion to the remarks of the gentleman nossible. Mv own feeling has be who has just spokeu, for he never rises to of awe and, I was about to say, respect 106 W. F. GOODSFZIED. His little picture of the snake cut into thirteen pieces, which represented the colonies, was his idea of expressing what the conditions were in those days, and the legend uudenieath was 'Unite or Pie.' Well, they idid unite, and ihey lived, hut that did not make them into a nation. There was no national confi- dence, no national life. There were separate communities and a great many of them were entirely indifferent. "It was not well done, at first, but as time went on we became consolidated. ilT^r^ ''--^ have become a unified nation. And I think we hardly recognize the THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST ■er mcivcd bi-fove We have n (luiihlp lu.ninn of rlu'ir s,)ir:t miiy de- is u^dally nganii-il iu 'tho Associaced itiv Kiriii!: lis the danger of sieiul iii.>.n yuu. ( Ajiiilause. i l-iv.s rii.s.' AuU I uui)-. Hiiud s.iyiUK „,,|H,str :amps. Men sepa- -Yom- hitev r,,i,. l„si,.n. I'lvsidcnt rtich- that I mii uartieti' ' • limit US the kiiH«:i,l-,' and the affair- trictii of this roi lances. It is th, brought reniute . .iui'iiiiiiii:.^ -!"-.■ m- :..ii.. ii, nil n. ,.i-uii. i gether so that they lieL-imir iu'lgliljufs. and (.in tlir .itlirv liaml, t n it is the newspapers wiio have taught us .-tiiini.iit fm- the to-t. to regard the interests of people whose is also tlie iiiwsiiai.n . tiim as til wiiether ,h - ml regard the other mund. il rnemies. abmit iastruinent in this auiliem iiu, fur the Ilia n,-wsi.aiier. tie liuteiit in- ..y f L-uid will wa is a qiies- II ii ill Mr. MiUi'r, stmir. .\ir. Lawaon. Mr. .Xuyvs and Mr. til intiniluii- .\lr. Wra-ty. "Yonr Kiiap,!. Anti I am preii.ireu tn s.iy. to- ■r s ihit il.ni-ri>>ii-. it is not night, that unt fur rliusi. fuiir men -vve ir i~ a si.iMT iMiili.'Urr. The gen- would not have aay .is-snciated i'ress. n: iiiKli ,1--" i,i:iMM- have profited (Applause. I rxaniiir ". ilii' mitleman who ■■iiie Ass.n-iated Tn'-- is nut a trust, krii liv his frii'l!. I til have a drink, and it is na a iiiiiin-v iiiakiii- institu- rinl said. -Xii, 1 launut. I am on tion. '1 ni- .\-s the it for mus, mingle a note of twenty .mmis it mthis tn ii t with uur festivities, nmri- hi\al -i-;\i i> rn a -j^h-m. .■M-...jii'rative nil liavr all nuti.'i'd tin.' eiiicriirisi- tiian iiiiv ntiirr men I have I'lii-ral ilirri tnr nf tlii> kimwii of in all hi-tiirv. -l-iii'V have stood Mr. .Mrlvilli- E. Stoiir. liv th,' ihiuL' ti'.im thr lii.-iiniias. all of iim, I hrli.-vi., in whiili tlinn, and tarv aiv with ii vrl. iiiu- a dinner has been -.Nniv. thr l.rim i|i:i; ililh.ailtv I have hi' has nil, been pres- uViserv.d. in iiiv ri'iiliniis wilii tlie Asso- i.nt. Hi' i- iMiaiilr I" he here because of uhited Press , iiairs jrnm a iHipular mis- a slight, liut not verv d'sahling. indispo- nnderstiiniliim nt ih" maiiaL-i'inpnt, and sition. In view of the very great regret that is the tiling w.iili eivr> rise to the tliat he has over the eircumstance. and iinpressimi nf tiip ini;rai itude of Repub- tiiat we have that he is not here. I ask lies. .Xiiaii.lv knnws wiiat pi.palar mis- vou to drink Iiis health. uuderstaiiiling is ii'ttrr than we news- •■Sneress is siani'thing in the newspaper paper men. We kniiw tliat the newspaper business. It is leally irneh. but it is is tlie verv eap-sheaf in m.ideru eiviliz«l nnt evervthiiiL'. It is an honorable goal, effort. We kimw that ir leads the list of imiilerii marvils. hnt in s|iite of its a.-hievements anil exiellen,-,.. and the great work it lines for file world and foi- hiiinniiii.\'. I see .-n nuii'li ir.i'.ilie misunder- standing nf it. so intn h erilieism of us, and so mmh faultfinding, that I am sometimes im-liu'al to include the profess- th that of medicine, and ask. with tlie doctor, why is it that a man will pay inteiestt. an tii diftmnt tiom oni own and while the ninspipeis I need haidh sav to \ou hiM oftentimes been vm bittei partisans \et on the whole I be lie\e thii ht%e hien oui kideis m the softfuing of thi iiiejndnis ind the (on soliditing of lui nitioml lite ind the trtnd of thi nLwspipii tidii Ibelie\e is iw i\ fiom th. I il ind punin. nl and tnwtids tli siii ■! jlitin and so 1 think «i iirht t we ought to _i ciedlt foi this done to lui things \ 11 English liii-uu \nl this .,, ,11 torn of s iti nt tiieic IS that fed 1 am spuki _ t 1 1 el ition ( I 1 t sober men 1 It t nt— lefeiiing to sonir h ht lilt inptlin It the fli en 1 . f th hi 1 lughtii 1 Back of all so. il stl s lltl 11 nt theie is that and s, 1] S Wl em intLipiet tne lit L the age men are evei\- ',hei, tn 1 undeistand eieh other to und 1st md those diffeient from them ledit to the iiofission would ni i di-,i l e ti r hni d to paj no piofesMon loni tiidituus tie mignin lent o, inuisi I mid i iih t lall to s t 1 m thit \ ini minds Uillnni ( nil nt i'lMUt John 1 1] 1 IS ^1 It I 1, tt 11 1 (,i 1 \ ( h ules \ th 1 hue Hull 11 1 t IS Li ,11, u the\ lus it this ti 11 nil wi 1 il il wn is of the ihem min-\ |,l|,els 1, well is tin ,d,lols and I lult upon the snppose speaking somewhat ignoianth. 1 1 1 thit these men in then day had a ceitam p, int the wax idMutme i,\ei us 111 these da\s of the \ n, m St sUlh It 11 s 1 1 11 il 111 t 1 It ti, s i„ ,, wh m I ha\e named, 1 us hll It, t tl 111 ,s these men weie \t th h t ,„ tl, ,1 d,\ ,„ 1 , 1, 1 ition not onh nt tiieic IS the 1 ll m lis t 1 ilh s ntiln nt lut JOHN B BATHBOBN. but tliGic .b the higiiei goal of the ideal, aud I know of no one \\ho has highei ideaK ]n Dewspipei piacti-^e than "\li <.! ist\ .t n. r.iltini. If Sun He hi^ W H. COWLES. j 1 , s „_ T 11 ulition bee uis 1| s [1 tl IJ lug of ill St Us \ 1 11, ,^111 111 of those fused t s 11 1 111 1 llickmail, to (.hm ,, ll, t ^ 1 11 t imagine In \ l"'\ 11 1 ll 1 11 lltl f 1 I t peisonal m public of tw 1 tiated 1 I 1\ is t imi-ni t X 1 ne thin. nt need tell s n 1 diii.t Utll md hit is 1 ~s hitiel hue b t thi. nnrii 11 SI gieit prop,, f itx nd lui enei r^ lie so ex isso lit thit there is no dangei now A\he fntn le that we sh ill till in Ml M, ■\"\e shiU be able to meei the pio. s It the glt( [■hi t onh pos IS is fiom leet— T Point in Keep him m doUais It ot iKll- 1 d kml JOHN B. 'WOODWASD, in edueation, in bu h in nitionahtx in inteitsts ind «e aie loniing to lealize that the futuie ot i ui lountn ind the future of ,he iiie depends unon a bettei nnleistinding on the pait ot men who halt diffeicnt interests and different traditions Now tint IS the spiiit of this age and thit IS „ mething we hne got to come m nt i r w th in all oui pnblic questii 11 in I \ i\ public question "W e haie to sohi will hm at the basis of it the necessity of a lirgei understanding of the other man s position Now that is moving much moie lapidU in this age hisKil thit must ande hied these splint's of good will which aie not onh foi oui lefieshnient and our stien.;th as a nation but -which cnnsti tnte the tonntiin of peipetual xouth — and lou aie ible to do this woik better than anxboh else that is lour viork thi it the of the b tter pulpit better thn thm im other igenii m tuts • iunti\ \ou aie able to do this woik ind I can onh w ish for v ou upon w host shoulders has fallen the mantle of these illusti lous piederessois, I can onh w sh foi i ou that II I I w th tict Ihit I 1 th ,,h m nibils nt the ,n m I thu t 11 tin veils I ixas 1 md till foul oi hie leils n 1 pill It, It seemid to me II me to sU simethmg about the d Pi ess I I got in communication with It I asked him to put down on I imme toe subiect I would se- II Vsso lated Puss the High Alodiin Lo opeiatne Eftoit He said Thi\ 111 not joing to speik on am set suhjec ts Kut in spite ot his injunc tiiin I hu( 1 im, h i t. night ln,.ing nn suiie. t md I « iiit t tilk i little in till Vs 1 1 1 ! I 1 s> I am somewhit (mbiiiis^iil m 1 ill in roth Assotiited Pless It IS 1 ,,n simidi oiginlzltiin and Its methods ai iei\ diicct and striightti iw nd but I niiei mi t mi hod\ iniwheii w ho seem, d to hue un thing like in ncuiite conception of tihe \.ssocnted Piess and this is not only tiuc ot the genet ll public but also of oui own membeis Now I want to sa\ a word about these men who ha\e been our trustees foi twenti leais I am ta'king ibnut what lit t M Ihi 1- of IS ot the public the people own It thei do own . ihont Is they ittin, mi jiiK s II iiM W It I til hell ot w ill 1, hi^ own u and ind be 1 piss It 1 min ]acki~s But \M liboi OUI tiiisti witii th \ i\ same stick In mi c\p 11 111 the Asso- ciited Pies, I hi\i w, mined whi we evcicise the ciitn ll tiiulti which selves us so well in the < onducting of ntws- papeis It houK imong misehis AVe come liele with l kind of mugwump pomt ot Mew I unumh 1 wh, n Alithew \inidd pissed iw ll thit tot se\ nti lelis he hid bun loikm.. iiounl Gieat Kiitnn f, 1 in h nest ram and he died of dlsipp intmint \.n 1 thit it wis told (t Eohcit Lcuis s,ii,,„sou coughing hl^ life iw 11 in til oft "^unoi when he wa« told thit Mitluw Vinold wis deid i smile ht up thit worn ind win faci of .sitmnson ind he snd He "won't like God And it some times seems to me that we do not like min oi God or the devil — we are all touched with mugwumpism Some of us moie and some of us less I 107 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST remember jin old witticism tu tlir cfl'i'i that -tlLC New York Sim uial!i;.s \ice bum tiful every iiianiir 'A, wliilc liie Tribune made virtue lii4 i'\ ' i\ .ii'U'rnoon.' ••In my ten v; - ill iiiai'iship on the hoard of dirr.T.u- i must yay tliat 1 got a little bit lirei ..f tliat lol'ln of niu^'- wumiiisiii, and 1 i iist say tliat I never came to a ineetinj; exiept with SDiue fear and treniiihnK les some ii-ati' and ex- cited :liel i,l-inf,.r;i •il brother should put upon ini- ^ kin 1 of brand of conuec- tion with i:,r 11,1, r, w.-c on one side, or the Anar.l.M, ,„, ,1... ilh.T. ••1 lia\c 11 Ill the As.s.ii-ht.Nl I'l-r - Ill liKmnman." 1 am a hiu'b-l."ivali- ami a fr ii-L;ri-. ami 1 wonld like t.. s:i < tl.im; lirrsiiual about iIm'm- jhcii h Assiieialiil I'lrs,: Ah' km.wlril:;'i. ami acqnnlnlai with M'ui -.ir^ iM.-k tw.-iuy for .mr ^.lUiliun !r privatcl\- n\Mif,l .■1,1 establi~Ii ilir -crai j tion. In ~.:\\,- tlii> \f and tliri, 1 kiirw il: associntidii, iiinl 1 li four or iivr y-.w^ want to siiy t"-iiiL;l t eMnce of you .iml r of twenty yeui^ ,1-1 to them as lonji as J ■)r am an Am pi-" As a comrade I love and respect tbem. As an outsider, and looking upon them as my masters, I shall rebel against tbem when 1 get good and ready, 'but I shall never come ihere with any doubt of them. ( Applause. ) '"Xow. as I have said, the Associated Press is tlie high i)oiut, as I see it, in modern co-operative effort. We can lie down at night and know that our service is relUiblc: that it is resourceful, and that it i^ ns strai.ulit as a stri ■ rivaiu. and I nr their deliv- I that menace ill he grateful printing press itizen. (Applause.) "Of some partiiuhir.' private enterpris not compete in stuff, and there ; One is that the hedged about. Associated Press, in oannot compete with [1 journalism. It can- ut of human interest two reasons for this, ssociated Press is so he nature of things, other that it cannot compete ; and reason that we ovorlnok is that no news about government is really interesting. People come here from Europe and com- pare the English paper favoraibly with the American paper. The English paper can print a debate in parliament that is N. C. WBIGHT. as good reading matter as a prize fight or a baseball gaane, 'because the speech is a fight for blood, and the ministry has to mret the opposition every day, and the opposition may bowl the government over; so that the English jjapers have a mind of news tlmt \v(.' have not. with our dead-aint :i:i\r i--,ih-. We cannot affect our gov- riiith nl. W.- wind it up for foui- years, )ikr ;t '■\,^r\, .uid you men watch it until it runs down ; while the English ■paper can talk about government every day. -I toll you. my frii'iid^;. that the great i:'ii": .''-^--w ..iir i.ii'iltri, \ . the thing that .'■'II- .1 : .'III' ■■ ■> :iliia'ble is co- ■:'■ i"-i ' ■■■I I ■' i>'"i ■ V I'Ti'-s. the uews- p.il'iT iMi'tll.ii,\ lii.' i-i',Mli:i)it co-opera- linii. is ttii' niii' l»ig new condition in Democracy that bids us strive against the world foUie.-! of the past. It must have with some provision of this coudi- iIk Hint Jefferson said lir wonid rather nij |i.i|'iTs wiiihiiit •^M\rriiiii.-ut, than rrt ■niiii'iir wiilii.ii, :,,.u^;M|,rr^. If he 1 s!\ ruK 111 h - 1 ,iN.'. >', :,.ii .jould not .,. nble id fn ■.I Hi' littl.' nude '. But that little army, sustained and supported by the public opinion of the world, and that ■public opinion created and solidified and made invincible by au enlightened, in- corrupti'ble, free pi'ess. "And when we look a little further to the Orient, we see a little yellow race emerging from semi-barbari.sm in a single generation, learning from our printing ctice all the rts of pi thou 111 l.|nt„|: that acquiring for ;md as look ■itb realize that what without money and without price, have raised up against us a possible enemy in a little yellow race scarcely live feet tall and weighing scarcely a hundred pounds per unit, but as good as we are, man for man, on the battleship and on the firing-line. And when we turn our minds and hearts from contemplating that subject, ought it not to be with lATATETTE YOUNG, JB. some new feeling of devotion and gentle- ness for our own kith and kinV When John Pierpout Jlorgan sends back from the very gates of eternity a message of f'aith and love, isnt't it time for us to think of putting a little of that spirit into our w-orka,day life? I heard a story of a little girl who was walking on one of the East Side streets of this great, cruel city, carrying a baby almost as big as she was. and a passer-by, touched with the pity of it, snid : *You ought not to be carrying such a burden ; it is too heavy for you." And she turned up to him her little wondering face and said, 'Why, he isn't heavy, he is my brother.' "My friends, may we not stand to- gether in this work of the Associated Press and in our work for this great Rei3U'blic. in some sucli spirit as that?" (Applause.) Josephus Daniels. Secretary of the United States Navy, the next speaker, said that though the savings of a life- time had just been swept away by fire, there was no occasion to take a gloomy view of life and that in accord with this he had fully enjoyed the dinner. He made a plea "for the uplift of jour- nalism from a calling to a profession and outlined the great advantages to be derived from this. Quack doctors and shyster lawyers were given no standing in their professions, and either had to reform or drop out. In their case this had operated for the good of all. Ap- plying a similar principle to journalism, Mr. Daniels thought, would drive from Icid the irresponsible newspaper who now su often succt ing his co-laborers. rodiK'l luuk ._. .... horizontally. •'We see the star and crescent sinking back into Asia, and over Mohammed's li^rcai fipital liangs the Cross, and in the ii\ .■ Iiiijiilii-ii niosuues of Constantinople 111-' pia.M'i- Allah. Allah is the true God,' thful. What otten succeeds in dis- A.liiiiial I.-i lix A-iiiis. .■oininandius the iborers. 1 laii^iT Aim ri' ail : will ri'ii'i\,id bis stlil- . Daniels, Mr. Miller ami lias l,.,l 1 iiuiitr,' ,1: a r.-ntury aw. till- "III l;.-|.iilili.-an lieet into live in the midst of iii.iu.\ u sail aarbor. ijut m the squalls at is the sense of se- ■ iiis order was, •'Keep the course, quartermaster," and tt diiimM-, knowing that keeping hLs orders, for the Krst time in a seore of ■ears, be saw the old Demo- i:i .i ■ 1 -lait and cratic ship leave him far astern. To idc'l for ; what Tailed in. will months aj- that d to the -v I wlsii. in your behalf. tify to him the distr^ to dwell for a news which, I lieated to you, ihint in Ualeisb WZXiIiIAM C. BEIGE. HENBT B. DAV£S. cern with which we have heard of his loss; our sympathy, and the espj-essious of our 'hope that in this case the Phoenix may not be the bird of fable, iDut a real- ity in history. "Gentlemen, I have tlie honor to intro- duce the Secretary of the Navy." Mr. Daniels said, among other things : It is very pleasant for me to be here to-night, and I wish to -tliiank my breth- ren of the press for the honor they have done me. I have for thirty year.-; been continuously engaged in "sea service," and my present position is my first shore assignment in these years. For that long period I have been in command of a "gun-boat" on Hie sea of journalism, and a rough, stormy sea it has been at times, as all newspaper men will appreciate. A few weeks ago the commander-in-chief of the American army and navy decided that a man who had had thirty years of sea service ought to be detailed on shore, where he could make assignments for the officers of the navy. During the years that I have been commanding a "gun-boat" on the journal- istic high sea, my friend, Melville E. Stone, has heen in command of a "dread- naught" : William IRandolpb Hearst has been in command of a "flotilla of torpedo tooats." firing simultaneously from New York. Boston. San Francisco and Los Angeles, not ( place in this pres- ence solely 'because they are the only Presidents wlio kin-w exactly whci-i- to so when they came to uanu^ a' S.'ci-curv of the Navy. Other PrcsideiUs have sup- posed that the training for tliis iiii^h of- fice was to be found in law nr in business or in sea-farinff. These two I'lvsirients understood the real necil< nf ihe Xaw. They believed in the princiiile in rin..'i- ■fore : "Stick to your deck and never go to sea. And you all may be rulers of the Queen's navee." They understood that what is neMed was not so much a man wto could talk in the saillor vocabulary of starboard and port, but what really was called for at the head of the Na\'j- was a managing editor, one who understood how to make assignments, and to juit the right men in the right place at the right time. You will all recall the story of the definition given 'by the famous John McCuUoch. etlitor of the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, and one of the men who laave added lustre to our profession as to what con- stitutes the qualifications of a good man- aging editor. It is related that a yonng man, ambitious to 'belong to the same profession which produced McOuUoch. went to the editor and expressed the de- sire to wear his mantle after he lias gone to the place ■where all good editors go. The young man asked what he should do to become a great managing editor. McCulloch replied : "You need Imt one qualification — you must know where hell will 'bi-eak loose next and have a man on the spot." The test of a Secretary of the Xaw is whether he is a sood niannixiui; editor. If he is. he will chleflv concern hiiii.eT tli:if Ihis strong right arm of the a!w:i the ■d to uphold the just demands i^\• nf the country, and know ^\o 7nay 'break loose n.-xt and III a well-manned sliip on the Medill M -roniia ■1; •• r ■ Miinsev has h la, llir |i; ..< this new ilniiUa 11'' - iliiii'i ■■ 11 - « ,;.■ , ran-ied years 1 nvard the "ides of last Xiiviaiiliri Oiiv Mmia-iM I'fiend, Colonel Henry WntlriMai. lanl.- 11'^ roar admir.il of the old His rali ■ 1 ■■■t, i-oiiit lamlin^ rlie bat- like rnalii vliifb \1." in Washii e:ni ,id a ties K.'i ■ 111. issiirs to himself. is the iiH.stbiilliaiit and amlaeious naval officer since the days of .Tohn Panl .Tones, to whom, in his adventurous spirit and enterprise, he is akin ; always gallant. tbon-htful s-ent few nishts aso. Tie was the sort of Mr ATolfldlv Wiseninn who could not con- ceive of a lite work that did unt "vol- plane" low enoutrh from .soarins ideals to tniirli liread and butter, and in whose mind there mtlst he eirrinl iiliilaiinirnpy. and live tier cent, of it is worth a man's while. It is true that in niir lar-e rities a newspaper property, once firmly estab- lished, is a money-makinff 'business, and the editors do now make money in a 108 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST The Morning and Sunday Post The Pittsburgh Post, originally called The Common- wealth, was established in 1804, bj' Ephraim Pentland, About seven years later, in 1811, The Commonwealth was consolidated with The Mercury, which paper was estabhshed by James G. Gilleland, and for about thirty years was published under the name of The Mercury. In 1824 The Allegheny Democrat was established by John McFar- land, and in 1831 The American Manufacturer was established by William B. McConway. In 1841 these two papers were also absorbed by The Mercury, the title of the paper being changed to The Mercury and Manufacturer. This paper was then purchased by William H. Smith and Thomas Phillips in 1841, and on September 10, 1842, these publications dropped the old title, issuing the paper under the name of the Daily Post, so the Pitsburgh Post has come down in unbroken succession from 1804. The Post has been the leading Democratic newspaper of Pennsylvania for Vl years, and is the only Democratic Morning Daily Newspaper published in Pittsburgh. The paper has always held an important position in all the affairs of the city and county, has never swerved in its support of Democratic prin- ciples and candidates, and was in the foreground during the great democratic upheaval and victory last fall, staunchly advocating Wilson's election. The Evening Sun On March 1, 1906, The Pittsburgh Sun was established as an afternoon daily newspaper, which is already recognized by many advertisers, both local and national, as the leading afternoon medium in the Pittsburgh field. As a matter of fact the most remarkable record made by both papers was when The Post and The Sun passed into the control of a new ownership, which took place in the latter part of 1911, when Emil M. Scholz became General Manager, and new blood and energy was infused. Under the stimulus of new ownership, new management and new methods, great strides forward have been made with both papers. The general staff in charge of The Post and The Sun is comprised of the following: Th£ PiTTSBURi^ Tost. THS PfTTSBUR(3- SUfT Wood SrjfaT yiN'£iXieBii'''y-^T^^- J. E. TROWER. [. GIVEN President A. E. BRAUN Vice-President and Treasurer. EMIL M. SCHOLZ General Manager R. M. IRVIN Secretary JOSEPH H. MYERS Editor Advertising Manager CONE, LORENZEN & WOODMAN, Foreign Advertising Representatives, New York, Kansas City, Detroit, Chicago. With unlimited energy land action, the editorial policies of both papers %vere broadened, the entire staff put upon its mettle to make The Morning and Sun- Jay iPost and The Evening Sun the very best possible, not only for Pittsburgh, but for the wide territory they now cover. Fortified with ample backbone and force and with every department gingered up to high speed action. The Post and The Sun made new history in clean journalism in Western Pennsylvania which has elicited the widest attention for the remarkable record achieved by both papers. With the broad foundation of the good will of the people in this section who readily recog- nized the merits of both papers, the circulation of The Post and The Sun has assumed a marked increase and is growing by leaps and bounds. As newspaper and advertising men well know, remarkable gains in adver- tising can be made only when results can be attained. From January 1, 1912, to December ol, 1912. both papers showed a clean aggregate gain of more than a million and a half agate lines of clean paid advertising, and indications point toward a still .greater gain for 1913. This remarkable record was made in accordance with the new plan to exclude all fake medical and objectionable advertising that might do harm to the reader and reflect upon the great value and strength of clean advertising in clean newspapers. The application of scientific management, efficiency and special features, as inaugurated by General Manager Scholz with The Post and The Sun. ha\-e resulted in the presentation of two newspapers in tlie morning and afternoon field that enjoy the wddest endorsement of their readers in Pittsburgh and the ritf^burgh territory. — Adv. 109 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST profession tliat nllc usefulness. Just Jis needs a j)ntr needs to havt eyed or i>oI who li;is :i Ml sage- ivliiih I man w In- li:is the iMlitor no long the backing oi large The esls ■worlil I .1^ I it it entert.iii public — is sni- pensation IJiai patronage or The owner .f a jiain orld, nd burns, and tin? g to sav which the and all the better II as instructs the iiriiig and of com- lirii independent of veil established at Wasllingtou. let air S.IV it h, laJic.v of conccalmcni. It ii, ;,ls any groU]i or class, bii, ii- :iii|mi; the whole jieople of Ann-ri ;i, ami ]'. izes that il will win tlnir aiiiii..\M as it carries out its pledges and RALEIGH NEWS BURNED OUT. center of i)o;ju]ation has a propert.v better than a gohl mine, for a newspaper property is like a street <'ar compan.v. It does not pay where the population is ecattered, but it is a bonanza where there is dense population. But the man who enters journalism with the mixed motive of both doing good and getting rich may become both a publisher or a writer, but he will never be a journalist any more than a man can become a greiit surgeon who measures the limit of liis skill by the size of tlie fee he exjiccts to receive. As the surgeon is utterly ulilivions to the thought of compensation wliile lie bends every power to the task of saving a life. just so much tile real journalist enters upon bis profession with the desire to serve as his consuming passion. We are told in the Word that the man who preaches the tiosiJel roust live by the BSl^BVAJT SMITH. the just needs of all the people who op- pose pri\'ilege and demand only a fair chance, it invites criticism in all that it docs. It wish.'s to have the search- light uf imiilicity turned upon all its acts. The men cnl rusted with power know that the iirst knowledge of what they are try- ing to do will come from the pre.«s. They have conlidnice that both, because of your devotion to the high ethics of your pro- fession and yonr patriotism, that the pub- lic will be given their true motives, and that if tlievc be singleness of purpose and patriotic .■irlinii. ymir columns will re- flect both tlir s|iii-i; ;iii(l the pert Secretary Daniels' Newspaper Des- troyed With $100,000 Loss. I he plant oi the Raleigh (N. C.) Xcws aii.l Observer, owned by Josephus Dnnicls. Secretary of the Navy, was de- strnycil by lire early Thursday evening. The shifts were changed at U o'clock and tic ImiUiing was almost deserted when Ihimcs were seen in the composing room. In a few minutes the plant was a total luss. The six linotypes, the stereotyping Mutlit and the records of the paper were destroyed. The mailing files alone were saved.' Tiie loss is SlUO.OOO, not fully insured. Mr. Daniels recently bought the plant from a stock company of about a hun- dred men, which was organized many years ago. He acquired all except one share of the stock. Six years ago he completed his office building and home of the newspaper plant, one of the finest in Raleigh. The News and Observer will be print- ed in the plant of the Daily Times, an evening paper, until Secretary Daniels can rebuild. Secretary Daniels was at the joint din- ner of the American Newspaper Pub- lishers' .\ssociation and the Associated Press Thursday night, when word was brought to him that his newspaper plant had been destroyed by fire. "It is hard,'' said Mr. 'Daniels, when he rose to speak, "to attend a banquet like this and enjoy it, when the accumu- lation of one's life time has been de- stroyed in a few short minutes, but the sympathy of my fellow editors and the consciousness that nobody was hurt makes me feel the spirit of jolliti^ despite the loss." .■\s he left the hall to take the raid- night train for Raleigh, several of the diners pressed about him with offers of aid. Rules Sunday Papers Are Weeklies. -Xnniiuncement was made at the Post- office Department at Washington on Saturday of a ruling of the Canadian Postal .Administration to the effect that copies of Sunday editions of United States newspapers sent to persons in Canada, wdio were not subscribers to the weekday editions, must pay postage at the rate of 1 cent ior each four ounces. The Sunday editions alone are held by the Canadian authorities to be weekly newspapers and, therefore, sub- ject to the higher charge instead of 1 cent a pound. Herman Ridder Entertains Publishers. Herman Ridder, editor of the New York Staats Zeitung and e.x-president of the American Newspaper Publishers' Association, entertained at dinner last Tuesday night at his residence, 22 West Seventy-fourth street, the directors of the American Newspaper Publishers' Association, the publishers of several New York newspapers, and a number of visiting newspaper men who have come on to New York for the conven- tion. The Toronto (Canada) World has been elected to membership in the American Newspaper Publishers' Asso- ciation. the win if tin hai D. B. FI.UM. Gospel, and that the laborer is worthy of his hire, but nowhere that the preacher must mix the love of souls with the mo- tive of getting dollars. Samuel Bowles became the owner of a profitable news idea of "doini: never promiited dered mankind of journalism a the bead of a would rcfinirc a that the pni> read Mei-riniirs and that he -li. secret of liinv t published ill a became more i Now E]i.^l:niil j Tbe press ;i public servii'i- : sary to t\u- nt 1 id ^r 11m lie life fro lie the ter jial who of onlide the pnblit'. anil llis eo-opcratii He never viola saved many a giiat n which would havi' nttcrl; reer. He has nipped many an intem- perate ittterance in the bud. His judg- ment, formed from his touch with cnr- rent events and hi- kiinwh.ilgc of human nature is as keen as :i I imiiaseiis blade. e. He ha.' eked his ca ;-alled to he your i.iililic servants. Bernard H. Ridder, the next speaker, announced that he represented the younger element in the two associations, and that so far he had done little to deserve the recognition given him by being permitted to speak. It was his opinion that the cabaret performance had been very good and, leaning natu- rally more toward vaudeville than liter- ature, he had no fault to find with that part of the program. Mr. Ridder said that his father had taken good care of him, and that he was in the habit of asking the old man for only two things, one of them hein" advice. The speaker admitted that, while very often he re- fused to take the advice, he had never Ijeen known to refuse the other. A few pertinent remarks by Col. Os- borne concluded the affair. Many diners had left the tables when the famous New Haven editor ros • to the task. That, however, did not worry him, and for fully ten minutes he entertained those remaining with the curricula he had absorbed under the tuition of Pro- fessors Churchill, Rector and Jack, of the Broadway University. . He gave it as his opinion that New York City did not want to be reformed, and was in no mood to be reformed, the remarks of Mayor Gaynor to the contrary, notwith- standing. Upon the cabaret Col. Os- borne looked as the means of a splen- did education and an encouragement for the highest effort in life. The two-story frame building in Car- lisle, Ark., where Opie Reed edited and printed the Prairie Flower, a weekly, was destroyed by fire last week. To Ihc distriet-at ofte alualilc as that of a Slierloek Holmes, To the men at the bead of a .state or in legislative ilialls, he is a friendly coun- sellor. 1 bespeak the greatest charity on the part "f the press toward the official whose ide Id at th< oart of llie pill lie :i V raps al hi. ill nl- villi 1 lit. Wit the common --r Speaking f oil will he r lie n. City Islander Makes Its First Bow. The City Islander, New York City's "fastest growing woman-made nevvspa- per," made its first appearance April 18. Mrs. Henry C. Appleton, of Notelppa Lodge, City Island, is the editor-in-chief, publisher, owner and circulation man- ager. There were a number of metro- politan newspaper features in this issue. It gave all the local news and began a campaign for the betterment of local conditions. The weekly will maintain a rigidly non-partisan attitude on the suf- frage question. Mrs. Appleton is gath- ering about her a big staff of editors and business associates. A Strong and Prosperous Newspaper MASSACHUSETTS EBt.bliBhed in 1824 by Samuel Bowles Daily (Morning) $8.00 Sunday. $2.00 Weekly, $1 .00 a Year A Record Year in Business The REPUBLICAN did the largest business in its history in 1912. Its cash receipts from advertis- ing in 1912 increased nearly 1 per cent, over those of 1911. Its cash receipts from news- paper sales also showed a satis- factory increase. The REPUBLICAN is a Superior Newspaper and a Superior Advertising Me- dium. THE I LE.VUING n.MLY OF TfTli NORTHWEST THE DULUTH HERALD for over 30 years has led its field in circula- tion and advertising. In maintaining its su- premacy THE HER- ALD has NEVER USED A PREMIUM or resorted to a guess- ing contest or scheme of any kind. Its cir- culation is solid, sub- stantial, UNSOUGHT. THE HERALD COVERS DULUTH and the rich Empire of Steel adjoining it like a canopy. You cannot reach buyers of the Great Northwest without it. NATIONAL ADVERTISERS have shown their faith in The Duluth Herald as the most profitable medium in the North- west, many of them using it exclusively. LA COSTE & MAXWELL, Publishers' Representatives, Monolith Building, New York Marquette Building, Chicago. 110 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST NORRIS PAPER REPORT. Chairman of Committee Anlyzes Print Paper Situation and Tellls of Beneficial Results that Will Ob- tain from Lower Tariff. John Norris, chairman of the commit tee on paper, presented his report to the American Newspaper Publishers' \sso- ciation on Wednesday. The repoit follows : The immediate broadening of the market for the purchase of newsprint paper depends upon the pissage of the proposed tariff on paper substantially as reported by the Wavs and Means Committee to the House of Representa tives. Present indications in Congress point to the complete removal of import duties upon newsprint paper and upon mechanical ^\ n i i pulp, as well as the abolition of all d u upon clieniical wood pulp, when made f unrestricted wood. The abolition of the i on lumber should tend to reduce the cost t wood to American papermakers by open n timber holdings that have been held for spec ulative purposes, and to that extent the re moval of the duty on lumber should cheapen the cost of producing paper. This rem \al of import duties upon a consumption of 1 4ii 747 tons of newsprint paper in l')12 costrnt; publishers over $02,000,000. becomes a material item in the operation of newspapers kets of the world. It is expected that the American papermakers, under normal condi- tions, will make cheaper paper than can be produced in any other country. Recalling the gruesome predictions of ruin which the papermakers said would follow the admission nf trtc piper anc " ' ^ More than offsetting an increased consump tion of 65,203 tons in 1912 over 1911 or 209 tons per day. there was an addition of 840 tons per dav in production during 1912 and a further addition of (575 tons per da\ planned for 1913. With these additions of 1 515 tons per day and with the American market opened to all the mills of the world without restric- tion, it -would seem obvious that prices will soften. The reduction in duties should stop the schemes of artificial restrictions which have TBEPFI^E BEBTKIATTMZ:. all the paper trade joined in saying that had been "the banner year" in the histc the paper trade, and this was true nc standing the reduction in newsprint paper The production and consumption of news- print paper in the United States during 1911 and 1912 is reported to have been as follows: 1911. 1912. Domestic production 1,366,605 1,426,92S Imports from Canada and elsewhere 55,830 85,593 1,422,435 1,512,521 Exports by American mills. 48,920 55,568 1,373,515 1,456.959 Increase of stock on hand at end of year 1912 12.212 U- S. during 1912 1,444.74T Reduction of stock on hand in 1911 6,029 U. S. in 1911 1,379.544 Increase in consumption in 1912 over 1911, 65,203 tons. The latest reports indicate a downward tend- ency of prices. During November, 1912, two offerings of paper, comprising 25,000 tons, were made at ?1.S6, f. o. b. mill, and 6,000 tons at $1.87, f. 0- b. mill. Recent reports have been received of offerings in Chicago at $1.S3, f. o- b. mill. Offerings to smaller papers in Illinois indicate f. o- b- mill prices of $190. Offerings in New York City have been made on the basis of $1.84. f. o. b- mill. Publishers who have been paying from $42 to $45 per ton for paper delivered to them will be interested to know that the Poweil River Mill, in British Columbia, in offering its bonds to the public for sale, declared that "making substantial allowance for the possibility of a redution in the price of paper (newsprinf) through competition or unforeseen conditions, the company's profits by July 1, 1913, will be not less than $15 per ton on an annual output of 60,000 tons— $900,000." These figures indi- cate that that mill can make paper f. o. b. mill at not more than $23 per ton and probably at less cost. by papermakers to : It should check the sec and agreed prices and one-year contracts and paper-weight standard established by paper which the: quotatic standard makers. It should pe of competition to prevail- Modern equipment and intelligent management should supplant primitive methods and antiquated machines that now clog American paoer manufacture. Combinations of bankrupt mills will have dif- ficultv in dictating prices in order that they may save tliemselves at the expense of the should force Amer- ated at $3 per C. H Pape; pape The redu thf netbods which have enabled Gci On March 19, 1913, president of the Ameri . ___ Association, visited Montreal and initiated new organization of twenty-one Canadian pulp and papermakers to keep tab on output- In May, 1912, Mr. Hastings visited Europe and tried to induce the British and Swedish paper- makers to co-operate in gathering statistics that would inform all manufacturers how the world's paper production was keeping pace with consumption. It is quite probable that such a plan may be adopted, but in view of free market for pa, f, every effort madi should pn Lifactu aUv of new Great Northern Aldrich , De Grasse ..-- Tidewater .... Wisconsin Rhinelander . . . Willamette".'.'.'. T. R. T-iootb . . . Eelgo-Canadian Price Bros. & Co 150 Lake Superior 100 Espanola 100 Sturgeon Falls 50 Newfoundland 85 Powell River 100 Total for 1913, tons per day 840 TO BF STARTED IN 1913. Tons per day. Crown Columbia 55 Thorold 120 Fort Frances 120 Powell River 125 Donnaconna 50 De Grasse 55 Lake Superior 100 Spanish River 50 Total for 1913, tons per day 675 Total for 1912 aiTd 1913, tons per day. 1,515 Equaling approximately an addition of 33 per cent, of present output. The American Paper and Pulp Association has compiled a list of fifty pulp and paper en- terprises incorporated in Canada in 1911 and 1912, capitalized at $140,180,000. The imports of newsprint paper for the cal- endar year 1912 were 85,593 tons, of which all but 940 tons came from Canada, that country having been favored by a discrimination of $3.75 per ton under Section 2 of the Reciproc- ity Law. To offset those importations, the American newsprint papermakers shipped abroad 55,568 tons, leaving an excess of only 30,025 tons in importations over exportations, or approximately two per cent, of the total con- sumption. Some of this increase in importa- tions is due to the failure of American mills to keep pace with the natural growth, and some of it is due to the arbitrary restriction of pro- duction. In 1912, the papermakers made ninety- five per cent, of their capacity, a restriction of 70,000 tons for the year. At the end of February, 1913, the paper mills had a stock of 37,534 tons of paper at the mills, or a nine-day supply for all the newspapers of the country. Five hundred and forty thousand one hun- dred and forty-eight tons of wood pulp, valued at $14,903,215, were brought into the United States in 1912 to enable the American ' paper- makers to supply their home market and to overcome the deficiencies of the domestic wood supply. PRESERVATION OF PAPER, During the year 1912, the American Library Association complained of the inferiority of the paper used in printing newspapers and of the librarian's inability to preserve his bound files. While the quality of the material used is concededly not designed for permanent pres- ervation, the librarians do not do all that they should do in caring for files- Some daily news- papers — the Brooklyn Eagle, Providence Jour- {Conliniic'd on page 114.) ALBERT FRANK & COMPANY General Advertising Agents 26 Beaver Street New York City, N. Y. i^DiNG crriEs Established 1872 JAMES RASCOVAR, President Recognized as one of the leading advertising agencies of the United States and Canada for over 40 years. Departments specially equipped to assume charge of any kind of advertising BRANCH OFFICES CHICAGO 332 so. LASALLESTREET BOSTON 109 STATE STREET PHILADELPHIA 418-20 SANSOM STREET PITTSBURG 237 FOURTH AVENUE BALTIMORE 105 EQUITABLE BLDG WASHINGTON 30 WYATT BUILDING CINCINNATI 6 AND? MITCHELL BLDG. FINANCIAL-INDUSTRIAL-RAILROAD-STEAMSHIP OUR PRINTING ESTABLISHMENT connected with our Art and Literary Departments under our own supervision places us in a unique position to produce the highest quality of printing, lithography and engraving. OUR S ERVICE. We can effect a saving in many instances, because of the experienced staff of writers and artists we employ and by our system of preparing orders, checking papers, obtaining accurate bills and the necessary affidavits of publication when required. OUR FOREIGN CONNECTION. The Central News Limited, 5 New Bridge Street, London, E. C, England, the oldest and largest News organization in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and which has an extensive and well organized Advertising and Publicity Department, a re our agents and representatives for all foreign countries, enabling us to handle and place advertising and news throughout the wor.d. Correspondence Solicited. Ill THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST TALKS ON MANY TOPICS advertising has sliowcd a marked in- crease in volume. Tlie pressure upon our columns at times compels us to turn down a lot of valuable advertising. Re- cently on a single day we had to reject twenty-seven columns because of lack of space. George H. Larkc, publisher of the Indianapolis Sun — When 1 took over the Sun on Jan. 15 I found that I had a big task before me in reorganizing the staff and in straightening out matters Thumb-Nail Interviews with Ne\ paper Publishers at the Conventio Conditions in the id Progress of Year. Trade By rK.\.\K LeROY BL.\NCHiS Elbert H. Baker, publisher of the Cleveland Plain Dealer and president of the A. N. P. A. — I have been coming to these conventions for nearly twenty years, and one of the interesting things I have observed is the development and growth of the members with whom I am personally acquainted. We meet here and talk over the things in which we are mutually concerned. The sugges- tions made and the results of the ex- periences of others help us when we get home to get out better newspapers and. incidentally, make more money. From time to time the proposal has been made that the A. N. P. A. should include in its membership all of the newspaper publishers in the United States. From a theoretical viewpoint the idea is a good one, but practically it is not. The small publishers cannot plenty of orders on hand to keep them going. The Courier-Journal is enjoying a healthy increase in business — nothing phenomenal, but very satisfactory. union U. Brown, general manager of the Indianapolis Nezcs — Thirty-five hun- dred houses in one part of our city were invaded by the recent flood. The water works went out of commission, but not until the people had liecn warned and had time to draw enough water for drinking purposes to last them several days. Wc published the News every day, but when the water was highest we couldn't deliver copies to our sub- scribers, and so we notified advertisers that they had better omit their usual an- nouncements until after the water had receded sufiicientl)' to allow the resump- t:on of business. We did not consider it fair to take advertisers' money under the circumstances. Aside from the slump in business during the flood pe- riod, the News has had no reason to ciiniiilain. I l)clieve that unless some- thing unforeseen happens we will have 'iiie of the best years in our entire his- l.iry. I'ictor F. Lawson, editor and pub- lisher of the Chicago Daily News — I was in Egypt during the Spanish-Amer- ican war, and while at Cairo I one day received a dispatch from John T. Mc- Cutcheon. a member of my statT, asking permission to accept an invitation to go to the front on the McCullough, one of the warships of our Navy. I gave my consent and was afterward very glad I did so, for the McCullough participated in the Battle of Manila Bay, and Mc- Cutcheon's dispatch was the first to I^EI^AKD ■at. BUBB. afford the annual expense, which in- cludes not only the dues but the cost of the trip to New YorK to attend the convention. We cannot reduce the an- nual dues because of the large expense incurred in carrying on the work of our organization. In fact, the time may come — I do not say that it will — when the dues may have to be increased. The publishers throughout the coun- tp- now have their State and district organizations, which are doing splendid work on an economical basis. Their membership charges are small, the meet- ings are addressed by able men, and practical subjects are discussed. The men have a chance to get acquainted with each other and to profit from each lather's experiences. It is from these organizations that our membership is largely recruited. The A. N. P. A.'s work is national in its scope and is designed to benefit its members primarily, and ultimately the entire newspaper industry. It is a source of gratification to me that the association has been able to accomplish so much with a minimum amount of expense. Victor F. Lawson, publisher of the Chicago Daily News. — Business condi- tions in Chicago are much improved over those obtaining a year ago. The merchants are having a good volume of trade and are looking forward to an un- usually prosperous year. In the news- paper publishing field we have no com- plaint to make. The strike of last year crippled us somewhat, but we have now recovered lost ground and are forging ahead at a rapid pace. I believe that we are going to have an unusually good year in 191.S. Our ad- vertising on the News has increased in volume and our circulation shows very .'■atisfactory gains. We increased our classified rate to 2.5 cents in March, but in spite of this fact classified bring the news of the victory to this country. Unfortunately the daily does not issue a Sunday edition, and as the cablegram arrived early ounday morn- ing it could not be used in our own paper. The other papers that at that time were receiving the Daily News news service received the benefit of its use. Louis H. Brush, publisher of the East Liverpool (O.) Review, Salem News and Alliance Leader — Business in our district has been unusually good during the past year. It is way ahead -if 1911 and promises to be much better during 101.3. We are a little apprehen- sive in regard to what Congress is go- ing to do. If our legislators would go ahead and get through with the tariflr bills promptly, we would know where we are at and could govern ourselves accordingly. Our manufacturing indus- tries are in splendid shape ; one con- cern has over $2,000,000 worth of or- ders on hand, and the others have enough w^ork to keep them going for twelve months. If Congress passes bills that seriously affect our industries, we do not know 'what will happen. At the present time, however, the outlook for business during the present year is excellent. R. A. Crnlhcrs. publisher of the San Francisco Bulletin— Up to April of this year business conditions in San Fran- cisco ha\-e been far better than they have been any year since the fire. Since then there has been a notable falling off in the volume, owing, it is believed, to the agitation in regard to the tariff. If EDGAB M. FOSTER. connected with the publication. The paper had a circulation at that time around 20 000. I went over the sub- scription list and the sales list, and cut out a lot of copies that were not part of the legitimate circulation of the paper. During the intervening m )nths the paper has gained between twelve and fourteen thousand copies in circulation. The people of Indianapolis seem to be appreciative of the work we are doine. and I think that during the year we will be able to make a very excellent show- ing. William L. McLean, publisher of the Philadelphia Evening Bulletin — I do not believe in circulation scheme and have not employed them on my paper. Much of the circulation that is gained through contests is lost when the time comes for renewing. Our advertising record shows that we have made excellent progress since last year. By the way. I secured my first newspaper position through an advertisement inserted in one oi the newspapers by the Pittsburgh Leader. My first work consisted in assisting in the publication of a newspaper almanac. When I had finished this particular task, I was placed in one of the regular de- partments. Fred N. Dow, president of the Port- land (Me.) Express — Business condi- tions in our city are not as satisfactory as they might be. The retail merchants are complaining of slack trade, and the wholesalers say that goods are not mov- ing as rapidly as they ought at this time of year. The Express has enjoyed a fair measure of prosperity. AVe have made gains in advertising and in circu- lation, but hope to do better during 1013. Bruce Haldcman, business manager of the Louisz'illc Courier-Journal — During the flood period Louisville was the gate- way to the great Southwest and Middle West. Many of the railroad roadbeds were so badly washed away that trains could not be operated for days at a time. It so happened that one or two of the railroads running through our city because of their location along high ground were not put out of business, and because of this fact trains from half a dozen other roads were dis- patched over these lines. The South, generally speaking, is in splendid shape. The indications are that the cotton and other crops will be large. The manu- facturers are happy because they have OLD OUT? This tells the story of the first issue of CAN PUBLISHED IN ATLANTA, GA. By William Randolph Hearst Nearly every newsdealer in the South, all of whom had placed large orders, reported "Sold out." This first issue had a circulation of 110,000 The next issue and those to follow will have to be much larger. Here are some telegrams which speak for themselves : WUiI^IAIVE MORRISOIT COIiUMBUS, GA. — Over 750 Sunday Americans sold on streets before 11 o'clock Sun- day morning". JOHNSTON*. JESUP, O-A. — My entire order sold out. I double it for next Sunday. ARTHUR BYINGTON. AUGUSTA, GA. — Hearst's Sun- day American enthusiastic- ally received. Record break- ing- sale. ALBION NEWS COMPANY. '* Supremacy In The South" FOREIGN REPRESENTATIVES WILLIAM N. CALLENDER, Jr., Broadway and 59th Street, New York CHARLES T. HENDERSON - 504 Hearst Building, Chicago V. P. MALONEY - - - 80 Summer Street, Boston, Mass. J. CARR GAMBLE, 1304 Third National Bank Building, St. Louis, Mo. 112 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST Congress would liurry up and get the tariff straightened out I am sure tliat we will soon go back on to the old ba- sis. San Francisco now has a popula- tion of about 475,000, which is larger than it was at the time of the fire. The city has been entirely rebuilt with mod- ern steel and cement constructed build- ings that are the last wo;d in architec- tural perfection. There is only one dis- trict that has remained quiescent in its building operations, atid that lies be- tween the business section and the res.- dential section. The reason io) this has been that the owners of the real es- tate did not know what kind of struc- tures to erect to the best advantage. Re- cently, however, they have begun to put up apartment buildings, the accommoda- tions of which are greativ in demand. There has been little change^ in the newspaper situation in San Francisco during the past year. The Bulletin has made very satisfactory progress. Our foreign advertising shows a growth of at least forty per cent, over the previous year. This is accounted for by the ap- proaching advent of the Panama-Pacific Exposition, We claim for the Bulletin the largest bonafide circulation in the city, and I have not yet seen any evi- dence which causes me to doubt the justice of our cla m. Sainticl G. McChtrc. editor and fub- lislwr of the Youngstozan (O.) Tele gram — Business in the Mahoning Val lev is in a prosperous condition, .^s lonn- as conditions remain abroad as at present, we are not worrying at all about business. Prices are higher on the other side of the .-Ulantic than they are here, but when the time comes that they are reduced we will be seriously affected. One of our great industries is the manufacture of iron pipe for the California oil field. When the prices abroad fall, our foreign competitors \vill be able to dehver pipe on the Pacific then trouble will begin. l"he newspaper situation is satisfactory in spite of the devastation wrought by the flood. Un- less something unforeseen happens, we will close the year 1913 with the best record we have ever made. A. C. Weiss, publisher Duluth (Minn.) Eveninq Herald— I received a dispatch from home this morning, say- ing that the ice was out of Lake Supe- rior. This means the opening of what we believe will be one of the most pros- perous seasons we have ever known on the Great Lakes. It is estimated that the tonnage of ore this season will ex- ceed 50,000,000. We newspaper men are, therefore, looking forward to a {Continued on page 117.) THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHEK BOOTH AT THE PE.INTIlICr AND PUB LISHING EXPOSITIOK. PRINTING EXPOSITION. Many Interesting Exhibits of Publish- tisers. districts were among the features of the display. The Booth proved a favorite stopping place for publishers and adver- ing Equipment Seen at National Show in Grand Central Palace Big Business Done. The Rochester Democrat & Chronicle The one big paper in its field. Largest total circulation. City circulation as large as the total circulation of any other Rochester paper. OVER 63,000 DAILY INC. Managers Foreign Advertising Chicago NEW YORK Boston One of the most interesting exhibits at the exposition was that of the F. Wesel Manufacturing Co., manufacturers of printers' and plate makers' equipment. A special feature of the display was a 2,000 ton lead molding machine which was sold during the early part of the show. Other machines exhibited in- cluded a power matrix roller, matrix tis- ^ . J „ J sue holder, proof press, etc. Ferdinand ir flat forms and roll paper, and re- ^^^^j gjjjj^nt and general manager uires^ btit six composition rollers and ^j ^^^ company, spent considerable time two inkmg fountams. A five-horse- ^^ ^^^ g^^^^,^ -^^^ f^,.^ looked a large power motor runs it. The exhibit was ^^^^^^ ^j ^^.^^^^ j^^ ^^^i^^^ machines, in charge of Paul F_Cox, inventor of g;, ham Bros., whose fame as roller the Comet, and a staff of salesmen_ ^^^^_.^ ^^^^^^^ j^^^ ^^^^j ^^ ^^^^^.^ ^.^^^e The press on exhibition was sold the .^ attractive quarters on the second dav of the show to J-'^t^art- .^ j ^^^ exhibition floor. That Governor Frank E, Hovye, of Vermont . ^^^ ^ ^^^j 3, publisher of the Bennington Evening .,J^^^ ■ _,, ^ ^„„„„c;t;r,„ eir A Goss Comet flat bed, web perfect- ing press, printing a newspaper at the rate of 5.000 an hour, was an attraction tbat drew a big crowd throughout the exhibition. The Comet prints from type to construct. The oririnal sextuple press, of which the model is^ an exact copy, was considered at the time of its construction to be the greatest example of mechanical ingenuity in the world. Located in cosy quarters on the west side of the Palace was Howard E. Mil- ler, of International Syndicate fame. The various features marketed by the International were attractively displayed and the capacity of the booth was taxed the greater portion of the time. Of the many displays at the show none attracted more visitors than that of the monotj'pe, which occupied spacious quar- ters on the south side of the building. The Lanston company exhibited three machines. u «« r- t, i,.„ ■j.ntjfi.^ interest in roller composition, etc., was Banner. Mr. Cox has been identified . , , , „,,„,,.,. ■.!,_,. ti,rr,ntred .,, ^1 o r- J- i-,ji.i 4.1, evidenced by the number tnat tnrongea with the Goss Co. for a litftle more than V u-i.-^ t ™ >■„,» tr, timo three years, and in that time has sold 'he exhibit f™m ^I'-^jy™- Col. Eugene L. Markey, of New York and Battle Creek, Mich., assisted by an able staff, looked after the interests of the Duplex Printing Press Co. The concern did not exhibit a press, but con- tented itself with a display of matrix- years, than a hundred flat bed presses. Of the Comet, which he brought out about two I'ears ago. he has placed sev- enty-five. He is a brother of the late J. L. Cox, the originator of the flat bed web perfecting Dress. Fred Goss spent isiderable time at the company's ex hibit, greeting old friends and making making compre! achinery. Two mechanical ^„...i,.^„„„.s in particular proved inter- "'An°"exhibit that aroused more than esting to visiting pubUshers and the passing interest with publishers was that stan was kept b"sy demon trating the of the Autoplate Co. of America, lo- machines Cob Markey hirnself vvas cated at Booth 27. A semi-autoplate continually oscillating between the e.x- was kept in almost continuous oper- Position and the A. N. P. A conven ation. The efficiency of this machine, t.on headquarters at the Waldorf-As- which requires onlv one man to operate '°"3. , . , , , , ., ^ t, tt.. ... it. was a revelation particularly to those ^.The chief feature of the R Hoe ex- who had never seen it working before, hibit and a source o """-f^' '"f '"l Mats were made and cast with^ rapid- teres was a model °f '''^^["'/^^'"P^;^ ity that was startling. The Wood dry pnnt.ng Pre^s ever constructed It is mat was used, and the absence of the composed of 16,000 separa e pieces and drying table, whether steam or electric, perfect in ^^^y detail. The mode was was the cause of much interesting com- kept , running throughout the^ shovv^ j_p„|. printing miniature copies of the New Booth 6. on the north side of the floor York Herald. It was constructed twen- of the Palac». housed the exhibit of the ty-two years ago /' '^'L "1""' ° ^ , *^ New York Globe and Associated News- United States Patent Office and for ed papers. Framed pages pdvertising ad- a part of its exhibit at the Co'umliian vertisinc, specimens of Globe features. Exposition held m Chicago m 1892. The and - chart sbowinp^ the circulation of model is made of brass and enclosed in th? Globe in New York and vicinity by a glass case. It cost more than $10,000 113 The Memphis News Scimitar Continues its wonderful progress CIRCULATION 49,849 (Average for first 15 days of April) The advertising columns are growing in proportion. The reason is apparent as the NEWS SCIMITAR is the popular home Newspaper— has the largest home circulation and the greatest influence in each home. Today in Memphis " IT'S THE NEWS SCIMITAR " INC. Managers Foreign Advertising Chicago NEW YORK Boston THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST NORRIS PAPER REPORT. (Continued from page 111.) nal and the Red Wing (Minn.) Republican- are printing special editions on a superior qual- ity of paper for historical preservation. Tlie demand for such copies is so small and the results so meager that little encouragement has been obtained for extending that effort by other newspapers. The hunt for a substitute for spruce pulp continues with unabated energy. Several ven- tures that made extraordinary promises of profit have been exploited during the year. Newspapers have published amazing calcula- tions of raw material available for paper- making. They have predicted the dawn of a new era when the American papermakers will be free from the exactions of Canadian pulp wood men. It is possible that some substitu- tion of spruce pulp may be obtained. For- tunes await the successful workers. After three years of patient research the Government Laboratory at Wausau. Wis., has not obtained from other woods a satisfactory article. It has not been able to obtain the color which news- papers require. The Government Bureau of Plant Industry has also failed to obtain the object that is sought. Experiments with sugar stalks and cornstalks have been continued for more than twenty years. While good pulp available for many kinds of napcr has been made, the cost of obtaining the product has not been a commercial success. For instance, six tons of cornstalks are required to make one ton of fiber. Chemical treatment is necessary, whereas one cord of spruce wood, weighing approximately two tons, will produce one ton of ground wood merely by applying the wood against the face of a grindstone. The wood is floated down streams at a minimum cost for transportation and Imnrlling, and is converted into mechanical pulp at a minimum cost of labor and without chemicals. It is possible that a substitute for spruce pulp may be found in some bv-product of another process. Repre- sentations of success in these efforts should be regarded with caution. The reports of widths of rolls furnished by 851 daily newspapers show the following di- 48 inches and tinder 82 61 to 655^ finclusive) 7 66 inches 46 GG'4 to 66)4 (inclusive) 48 67 inches 24S 67J4 to 6754 (inclusive) 23 68 inches 89 6S% to 6854 finclusive) 14 69 to GOH (inclusive) 33 70 inches 161 inVz to 7234 finclusive) 96 73 to 7554 (inclusive) 41 76 inches and above 33 851 The widths between sixty-six and sixty-eight inches finclusive) are used bv 454 newspapers, constituting more than half of the total report- ing- Their consumption had been seventy-five per cent, of the total production, but with the recent change of the Hearst paoers. and the Boston Post and the New York Times, and other considerable consumers of newsi)rint paner from the seven-column page to the eight- coUimn nage — that is, tn the seventv-three-col. umn width, the prep-^ndcrnncc heretofore main- tained hv the 1.,.1.. QH,+,^n 11TP pmnlnir thp Hearst ^ . ^ , , , . , pend mostly upon the crops, w^hich are Foreign advertising months our local advertising reased 1.3 per cent., which is the charge of the paper. Milo IV. Whittaker, publisher of the Jackson (Mich. ) Patriot— ThWtten hun- dred houses were erected in Jackson during the past year. This perhaps m dicates as w-ell as any one thing the con dition of business in our city all optimists. Because of the diversified character of our industries we are al- ways "doing well." Once our chief in- dustry was the manufacture of corsets but now we make urn' has best indication of the W'estern situa tion. Our people are not disturbed over the tariff, as it has little to do with their crops." ilr. Capper created a sensation last fall w-hen he accepted the nomination We are for Governor of Kansas on the Repub- lican ticket and was defeated by only twenty-nine votes out of half a million. Had there not been a split in his party __ he would have won out, his friends say. ear, skirts, ^^ '^ '^^ popular choice for noniina agricultural implements, automobiles, tion at the next election. Pullman car springs, automobile acces- Walter D. Lamar, of Maeon, Ga., sories and cement-making machinery, president of the Swift Specific Co. — In times of panic we have issued no Business conditions in the South are BARNHART Steel Composing Room Furniture isbuiltlike a modern steel building, rigid, durable, fireproof, sanitary— tlic ultimate answer to the question: How may a com- posing room be fitted up to turn out the most work for a given expense ? ^Ve. have an interesting folder describing the most modern composing room in the country— that of the Times yW(>ror of Los Angeles— which we shall be glad to send you. "W'^rite for it, BARNHART BROS. & SPINDLER 168-170-172 New York W. Monroe St.. Kansas C.ty St. Louis Omaha WashingI 0/ BARNHART Type Faces i Metal Economy WILDES' REFINED METALS PLUS OXODIO THE METAL FLUX AND PRESERVATIVE 14 Dover Street, New York It's All in the Know How HE KNOWS HIS GAME Substantiallv all of the transfers of bonds, stocks and other listed securities are conducted through the medium of a broker. HE KNOWS THE ROPES Most realty transactions are conducted through the instrumentality of a broker. The wise newspaper or magazine owner and the prospective purchaser have come to regard the services of the broker whose activities are confined to that par- ticular field of operation as practically indispensable. WE ARE EXPERTS IN OUR WORK The long list of transfers of publishing properties effected through the instrumentality of our firm indicates the favor in which high class, efficient and confidential service, such as w-e render, are held by owners and buyers. We do effective work along the line of consolidation in overcrowded fields, and have our own methods of financing in such transactions. HARWELL, CANNON & McCARTHY Brokers in Newspaper and Magazine Properties, 200 Fifth Avenue, New York. 117 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST COLONEL NELSON EXONERATED. Commissioner Upholds Right of Newspapers to Criticise Decisions. William R. Nelson, editor and owner of the Kansas City (Mo.J Star, has been found not guilty of malice in the publishing of the article for which he was adjudged guilty of contempt of court and sentenced to a day in jail last February by Circuit Judge M. A. Guth- rie at Jefferson, Mo. Commissioner Charles A. Crow, of Kansas City, reported to the Supreme Court at Jefferson City that the article itself was "substantially true" and that "unless in the court's opinion that arti- cle in itself was contemptuous," the pe- titioner should be discharged. The article in question stated that Judge Guthrie had refused to dismiss the divorce suit of Minnie L. against Claude F. Clevinger until >.ttorney's fees were paid, and that the refusal came after the Clevingers had been reconciled and had asked the dismissal of the case. "Your commissioner finds," says the report, "that the article was as nearly a correct report of court proceedings as could be expected from a layman. "ihere was cause for comment on the order in the Clevinger case. Your com- missioner finds from all the evidence that the petitioner was merely exercis- ing his right to report and discuss pro- ceedings in a court of justice, and the mere fact that the statements are inac- curate and that mistakes appear in the article would not render him guilty of contempt." Tne Supreme Court set May 1 for the hearing of Mr. Nelson's case by the court en banc. The case was carried to the Supreme Court by Mr. Nelson on appeal from Judge Guthrie's decision. Pennsylvania Dailies Organize. The Pennsylvania Associated Dailies, representing 212 newspapers of that State, were organized on April 16. The following officers were elected : Presi- dent, E. J. Stackpole, Harrisburg Tele- graph ; first vice-president, John L. Stewart, Washington Observer and Re- porter and Beaver Times ; second vice- president, Ernst L. Smith, Wilkes- Barre Times Leader ; Secretary, Walter Fosnot, Lewistown Gazette ; treasurer, W. L. Binder, Pottstown News; execu- tive committee, R. P. Habgood, Brad- ford Star; James H. Craig, Altoona Gazette; W. M. Long, Chester Times; W. L. taylor, Y'ork Dispatch; Fred L. Rentz, New Castle News ; A. R. Gor- don, Waynesboro Gazette; A. S. An- drews, Easton Free Press; J. H. Zerby, Pottsville Republican, and C. L. Gauls, Williamsport Sun. N. Y. American Fire Damage $40,000. An examination of the Rhinelander building, William and Duane streets, fol- lowing the early morning fire in the American and Journal plant, showed it had caused damage estimated at $40,000. The mailing room of the two papers was destroyed, but the presses and other me- canical equipment were not damaged. The Doland (S. D.) Times-Record is putting up a new building for its en- larged plant. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES EDITORIALS, Sane, vigorous and timely, furnished. Also articles on special topics. Address RELI- ABLE, care The Editoe and Publisher. Mr. Foulk Sells Richmond Item. The Richmond (Ind.) Item, owned by William Dudley Foulk, has been sold to F. S. Dodd, of Decatur, 111., at a price approximating $.50,000. The sale was made through H. F. Henrichs, ol Litch- field, 111., the well-known newspaper broker. It is understood that E. F. Warfel, who has been general manager of the paper for some time, will con- tinue in that capacity. WE INVITE orrespondence by anyone inter n becoming part owner in a ng daily newspaper of 11,500 < Eastern city of latic 100,000 populatioi an editor with s vest. Principal manages the busi ditional capital. "BOX D-1014," AND Pu: Good chan me money After an occupancy of more than sixty years the Milwaukee (Wis.) See- bote, a German newspaper, will leave its quarters on Mason street and occupy a new linme at 3.3 Martin street. A small trade paper, which can be handled easily by one man and will produce an income of $3,000, can be bought for $7,000. HARRIS- DIBBLE COMPANY, 71 West 23d Street, Second Fire in Erie Herald Plant. Just as the forms for the Sunday edi- tion of the Erie (Pa.) Herald were be- ing locked up at 3 o'clock Sunday morn- ing, someone on the street cried : "Fire !" and H. C. Field, the managing editor, sent out two reporters to cover the blaze. A minute later he threw open the door leading to the third floor and a sheet of flame burst out. The en- tire upper portion of the building was afire, and the thousands of gallons of water thrown into this section soaked its way through the other floors and damaged the machinery to the extent ol $2.5,0U0. This is the second fire in the Herald plant within the last two months. Advertisers cannot afford to ignore the LOUISVILLE COURIER-JOURNAL and LOUISVILLE TIMES. They are progressive; splendidly edited; popular newspapers, carrying the bulk of advertising in their respective fields. The Courier-Journal is published every morning, daily and Sunday, and its circulation among "those who can afford to and do buy ad- vertised goods" is stronger to-day than ever before in its history. It is a paper with character and personality and on its reputation for being a one-price paper with exclusive territory and honest circulation it rises to a standard worthy of the consid- eration of discriminating advertisers. The Louisville Times, published in the afternoon, is a veritable shop-window for thousands of people of all classes. It repre- sents the highest type of the popular news- paper, entering the homes of the laborer and the capitalist, equally interesting and appreciated by both. The shrewd adver- tiser, who wishes to cover the great terri- tory of Southern Indiana, Kentucky and Tennessee needs no other newspaper if he uses the Sunday Courier- Journal, the daily Courier-Journal and the Louisville Times, for the combined use of these great jour- nals, different in character, yet each su- preme in its field, places his appeal before practically the entire buying element of this great community. The circulation and business of the two papers have grown steadily and this year it was necessary to seek a larger plant. A four-story building has just been completed and here the two leading publications of the South are published daily in one of the ;r plants in the coun- try. ncwspapei The S. C. Beckwith Special Agency Sole Foreign Representatives. New York St. Louis Chicago aTba@o Th.® ^lkm.^(B^ Tj]pmw, mmmHj p[jrr3' mww Tmm, sfnw JMaiifilig urn Tw?'slw(B S,m,mm ©3?2aii5M©ai\5g umal ILflTiIiO.®'£®ai(i IBsragg ^mwmmrm'mm 118 leading evening daily of city of 20,000 popula- tion. Modern and complete equipment, includ- ing 20-pagc press and 3 linotypes. Annual vol- ume of receipts over ?55,000, with profit of over 5G,000. $20,000 cash necessary. Individ- uals qualified to handle departments may buy Proposition G. C Newspaper Properties 225 Fifth Ave. New York SITUATIONS WANTED MANAGING EDITOR of small city daily wants place writing editorials or special assign- ments in larger field. Strong copy. Ten years' experience; 28 years old. B. PKESS, i-'lint, Mich. FIRST-OLASS SPORTING WRITER WANTED, a position as sporting writer by one thoroughlv versed in professional and col- lege sports. Specialty, major and minor league ba.seball. Samples of work furnished upon re- quest. Best of references given. ALEX, de UKGARTE. care of L. Henchliffe, 220 Broad- way, New York. EXPERIENCED daily newspaper man warns situation as editor, editorial writer or telegraph editor. Now night editor morning paper. VV. E. ADAIR, Box 313, Pueblo, Colo. CIRCULATION MAN, I have had an all around circulation training in charge of country and city departments, as Assistant Circulation Manager, and in charge of suburban, and I have an intimate knowl- edge of circulation systems, office controlled, farmed out, etc.. and can produce satisfactory increases in circulation at small cost, either as charge of the The Ed BUSINESS MANAGER. Man with large general experience, who knows every department of newspaper work, and has produced splendid results, capable of handling a large property, seeks ne nployed. Address BOX MISCELLANEOUS WANTED— NEWSPAPER IDEAS. Syndicate supplying editorial material to im- portant daily newspapers in many American cities will pay from $10 to $50 apiece, accord- ing to value, for practical, new, fresh ideas for stunning features, national crusaaes, catchy, splashy stunts, good in any city, attractive hu- man interest features, national or local; ne» ideas for sport, woman and humor departmenta Explain your suggestion in full. Your idei will be promptly judged, and if accepted, pay* nmediately. Add W.," care ' York City. Editor PUBL New DAILY NEWS Reports for evening papers, adva service, special and Chicago nc plates, 50c. per page. YARD'S NEWS BU REAU. 167 W. Washington St., Chicago, IIL lail stereotype lediate shij LINOTYPE MACHINES odels, bought and sold. Complete line of machinery and supplies on hand for Sich'& McLean. 61 am St.. Now York. SHORT STORIES WANTED for Newspapers. THE WINTHROP SYNDI- CATE, Rand-McNally Building. Chicago. THREE SYNDICATE FEATURES THAT WILL INCREASE YOUR CIRCULATION.— $.3 Per Calendar Month for Entire List. (1) "Sermon-Sonnets." Uplifting, practical. One sonnet per week. (2) "Higby Dodd's I'ertinent Answer." Formerly published in SATIRE, recently suspended. Over 600 words per week. (3) "Little Jimmy's Essays." Full of wholesome humor. About 300 words per week. AH three features for $3 per calendar month to newspapers in different sections. Free space in the classified columns of THE HAWKINS SYNDICATE BUREAU given to every patron every month. Samples sent with- FREDERICK B. HAWKINS, Westwood, N. J, FOR SALE h'UR SALE at a bargain. Cox Duplex Print- ing Press, good as new, with motor, 24 chases and roller rack. Address **D. 1009," care The Editor and Publisher. THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST FORM BIG AD BUREAU. New Organization Includes Three Principal Advertising Promotion Associations and Will Work for Interest of All Papers. By far the most important movement ever inaugurated to direct advertising into the cokimns of newspapers was launched yesterday when Ithe Bureau of Advertising, an adjunct of the Ameri- can Newspaper Publishers' Association, was established on a working basis. The establishment of this Bureau was effected through the combination of three separate organizations which have been working toward the same end. This combination is expected to prove of tre- mendous benefit to both advertisers and newspapers, as the scope of the Bureau will extent throughout the United States and benefit all classes of newspapers and advertisers. It will have a substantial basis, $60,000 having been subscribed already to carry out the work. The Bureau represents the consolida- tion of three organizations, the National Newspapers, ithe Daily Newspaper Club and the United Newspapers. Its strength may be judged by the committee who will have charge of the work of the Bu- reau : J. F. Macka}', Toronto Globe, chair- man ; Jason Rogers, New York Globe ; Harry Chandler, Los Angeles Times; Hilton U. Brown, Indianapolis News; Hopewell L. Rogers, Chicago Daily News; Fleming Newbold, Washington Star ; John R. Rathom, Providence Journal; Louis Wiley, New York Times. and David B. Plum. Troy Record. At a special meeting following tne convention yesterday the foregoing mem- bers appointed an executive committee which will handle the affairs of the or- ganization between meetings of the Bu- reau. They are ; Jason Rogers, chairman ; Louis Wiley, Fleming Newbold, J. R. Rathom. D. B. Plum, J. F. Mackay and Elbert H. Baker, president of the A. N. P. A. The first step of the new organiza- tion will be the establishment of a New York ofl^ce. J. W. Adams will be tne manager of the Bureau and W. A. Thomson, assistant publisher of the New Y'ork Globe, will be in general charge. Later on the bureau will es- tablish an ofl?ice in Chacago. Primarily the purpose of the Bureau is to promote advertising for news- papers. In the office there will be files of all newspapers, and here will be as- sembled a vast amount of informal on in reference to newspapers everywhere. The Bureau will gather and index infor- mation regarding trade conditions throughout ithe United States, secured through its members, and also will carry lists of the leading dealers in various lines 'of business in each city. All of thns will be available to any advertiser and to all special representaitives of newspapers. The Bureau in seeking the promotion of advertising in newspapers will not at any time solicit business for any single newspaper or group of newspapers, but will work only in the interest of all newspapers. The plan to consolidate all of ithe dif- ferent organizations that in the past have sought to promote increased ad- vertising for the newspapers, into a Bu- reau of the A. N. P. A., was brought about in this way: Years ago the 'Daily Newspaper Club came to existence and did important work, but being organized on a flat rate of assessment beyond the means of small papers, did not receive the support it was entitled to. About a year ago the Na- tional NeAvspaper was organized by a few large city newspapers for the so- licitation of advertising. Realizing that any effective newspaper organization should include both domi- nant small town papers as well as im- portant papers of large ciities, Jason Rogers, of the New York Globe, on Feb- ruary 25 of this year, brought together several hundred newspapers to form the United Newspapers, and up to the pres- ent time, received 248 signed contracts. "Shortly before this," said Mr. Jason Rogers, to-day, "the A. N. P. A. held a conference with Hopewell L. Rogers, president of the National Newspapers. ?.nd Louis Wiley, head of the Daily Newspaper Club, and decided to recom- mend that it take in as a Bureau the ad- vertising promotional work created by the three organizations. "This has been accomplished and I am transferring to this advertising bureau of the A. N. P. A. all the assets and contracts with papers now held b^"" the United Papers, and as rapidly as possible the same action will be taken by the National Newspapers and the Daily Newspaper Club. "During the convention a large num- ber of important papers of the country became identified with the advertising service of this new bureau and in the near future we will send invitations to newspapers of the United States and Canada with the idea of largely Increas- ing the membership. "In my opinion the organization will include nearly five hundred papers, as soon as the publishers understand the broad scope of the work and the effective way in which it will be carried out. membership In the bureau has been ar- "The basis of assessment provided for ranged on the following basis: Table of Assessments. ulation. Per Month. J,001 to 75,000. . 3,001 to 100,000. . 200,000. ) 300,000. I 400,000. I 500,000. , of 200.001 of 800,001 of 400,001 0.00 s.oo 10.00 12.00 16.00 2(1.00 2S,00 ),001 -10.00 '"This table of assessment is embodied n Ithe contract form of the Bureau, vhich soon wfill be sent out to prospective nembers." YOU MUST USE THE BXAMIINER to cover the GREAT SOUTHWEST Sunday Circulation 1 OA AAA MORE THAN - - I^U,UUU The Philadelphia German DaUy Gazette carries more Local and General Advertising than any other German daily published in this country. HOWARD C. STORY Publishers' Representative New York : 806 Nassan-Beekman Bldg. Chicago : UOO Boyce Bldg. Philadelphia : 924 Arch St. Scott Six Roll "Multi-Unit" Double Sextuple Combination Triple-Quadruple Press. OFFICE OF THE PUBLISHER NEWARK, NEW JERSEY March 27th, 1913. Gentlemen : The press which you installed in our office, whose units are so disposed that it can be run as a Double-Sextuple, or a Triple-Quadruple press, has been running very satisfactorily since last December, and I feel justified in commending it to an3-one who desires a press of such capacity and disposition. Very trulj' yours, WALLACE M. SCUDDER. Walter Scott & Co., Plainfield, N. J. It will only take ONE HOUR of your time to see this machine in operation any afternoon. Please call at or telephone our New York Office for appointment Walter Scott & Company DAVID J. SCOTT, General Manager Main Office and Factory, PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY, U. S. A. NEW YORK OFFICE : Metropolitan Bidg., 1 Madison Ave. Telephone, Gramercy 785 119 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST THE NEW AD BUILDING Some of Us Unusual Provisions— Will Be Headquarters of All the Adver- tising Organizations of the City — Twelve Passenger Elevators to Be Provided— The Club Ro.iins— Spe- cial Accommodations for Tenants. The new advertising office building ti> be erected by the Pennsylvania Rail- road Co. at Seventh avenue and Thirty- third street, New York, a picture which appeared in last week's issne, will con- tain the headquarters of the Eastern Division of the Associated Advertising Clubs of America and the central offices of the latter organization. The location of the building is ex- ceptional in that it is the one which, more than any other in the city of New York, offers the most immediate con- nection between all points of the coun- try. Within a short time after the com- pletion of the building terminal facili- ties will be opened in the Pennsylvania station for the New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad. This, with the Pennsylvania lines and the Long Island Railroad lines, will furnish railroad transportation north, east, south and west. As one of the speakers at the banquet expressed it. "This building stands at the gateway of .Xmerica." Lo- cally the building will be situated in the heart of the transportation center of the city, there being within a radius of less than two blocks the following lines: Express station on Seventh .'Vvenue subway, which, when completed, will be the trunk line of the subway system of New York, with entrance in the build- ing. Station of the Hudson & Manhattan Railway Co. offering imiixliate connec- tion to all -Xew Jersey suliurban points. Station of the Broadway sabway Hear- ing completion. Sixth and Ninth ave- nue elevated lines. Broadway surface line. Thirty-fourth street crosstown line. Crosstown 'bus line (Fifth ave- nue). TWELVE PASSENGER EI,EV,^T0RS. For the handling of the passenger .service twelve express and local eleva- tors have been provided, furnishing a more efficient elevator service for a given area than exists in any building in New York. To facilitate the han- dling of freight, two freight elevators have been arranged, one located in a recessed area, enabling teams to drive directiv into the building, thus provid- ing for the handling of freight without interference with street traffic. Special rest rooms in charge of ma- troiis nave been provided for the con- venience and comfort of the women em- ployes in the building. On the seventeenth floor will be lo- cated the club rooms especially adapted to the needs of advertising men. On the floor above will be located an addi- tion to the club, including a large din- ing-room, roof garden and facilities for the culinary and service departments of the club. From the windows of the club a free and unobstructed view of the city, the Hudson River and New Jer- sey is to be had. It IS planned by the committee that oi all clubs affiliated with the Associ- the sixteenth floor be divided into busi- ated Advertising Clubs of America. Al- ness headquarters for the several adver- ready pledges liave been received by the Using organizations represented in New committee which go far toward assur- YorK and for the establishment of a ing, practically for the lirst time a corn- national educational bureau for the use plete advertising library. PAGE MAT SERVICE Since providing ourselves with a complete mechani- cal equipment in a new building we have begun issuing two weekly page mats for use on Sunday or any day thereafter. One is a news feature page and the other is a full page of half-tone pictures. The art for both pages is striking, and our etchings are deep. The price is $1.50 per week for either page, carriage charges prepaid. State length of page in ordering. Bear in mind our regular daily matrix service, which includes C. A. Voight's 7-column comics, news cuts, cartoons, woman's and sport page features, and Moulton's humor column. Proofs and sample matrices on request. TBE CENTRAl PRESS ASSOCIATION, CIEVEIAND. 0. The very best New Daily Comic on the market " AH YES ! OUR HAPPY HOME" By George McManus Write for details International News Service 200 William St., New York City Pepper Talks" '•Pcffcr Talks have taken this commuiiily by tlie scruff of the ncci!."— Herbert Hum, The Taeoma Nevis. Yet, this Is but one ol our 30 (amous nhoit feature., including Walt Mason. George Fitch. Abe Martin. Gelett Burgess. Ruth Cameron, The Adams Newspaper Service NEW YORK CHICAGO Fifth Avenue BuiidinB Peoples Gas Building GET Today's News Today "By United Press" General Office : WORLD BLDG., NEW YORK A. F. I^ORENZEN Chicagro Mr. Publisher, Daily Newspaper, Anywhere, America: Do \ ou realize that successful representation n the Foreign Advertising Field DEPENDS ON ( UvIt VNIZ \ilON? Do you know that the com- bined Li=fort of our organization is the GREATEST lUSlNISS GETTING FORCE in the foreign i(ht.rtising held to-day? ELEVEN of the best men 111 the eountiy actively and intelligently soliciting lousiness tor our papers every day. Do you under- stand the advantage our ORGANIZED FORCE gives the Newspapers we represent in the foreign held? That we maintain offices in New York, De- troit, Chicago and Kansas City, and our men TRAVEL from each office, making it possible for us to put a solicitor in an advertiser's ofhce any- wliere in the sliortest time? We work on commis- sion and DO NOT bill or collect. All of our time is devoted to developing and securing ORDERS for the Papers we represent. Yours truly. Cone, Lorenzen & Woodman Publishers' Representatives. 225 Pifth Ave. New York Giunbel Bldg*. Kansas City ee Press Bids'. Detroit MaUers Bids'. CMcag-Q O. G-. DAVTES Kansas City :. 'wooDiviAiq' CMcaffo B. DIGNAm Chicago 120 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST DAILY CLUB DINNER. Mayor Gaynor Takes His Accustomed Stand on New York Newspaper — Inez Milholland and James W. Schermerhorn Other Speakers. Quite the feature of the fifth annual dinner of the Daily Newspaper Associ- ation, given last Wednesday at the Wal- dorf-Astoria, was a speech made by Mayor Gaynor, of New York. As has been his habit recently, the Mayor took a rather pessimistic view of New York journalism. Though not very generous witn his remarks about the country press, he, nevertheless, admitted that the American press was the best to be found anywhere. Louis Wiley, of the New York Times, president of the association, acted as toastmaster, and acquitted himself of this task in a very happy manner. He said that the dinner marked not only the fifth successful year of the club, but also was evidence of the adhesion to its principles of the United Newspapers and the Associated Newspapers, mem- bers of which associations were present in large numbers. In introducing Mayor Gaynor, Mr. Wiley referred to him as the best executive New York City has had, and designated him "the publisher of our esteemed contemporary, the City Record." ivlr. Wiley further pointed out that Mayor Gaynor had considerably en- riched the English language of late, and had attracted the attention of the world to New York as the principal amuse- ment center of the world. Speaking in a more serious way, Mr. Wiley said that Mayor Gaynor had made many ap- pointments without regard to politics, had been a good public official, but had not fared well at the hands oi the rag- bag press of New York, not represented at the dinner to any ffreat extent. MAYOR MAKES CAUSTIC REMARKS. Mayor Gaynor said, in part; That I aiD the editor of the City Rec- ord, I disavow. It is a paper of hardly any interest at present, Ibut I would like to say that if I i\vas its editor. I could make a very interesting sheet out of it. You people are an association of news- paper meu and the less I say about you, the better for you 'iTud the better for some not here. Rag-bag newspapers or^ said to be not represented here, but 1 have a notion that I could easily disprove this. You have men here from Albany. Buf- falo, Milwiinkee, Cincinnati, Fort Wurfch and ev(-u Montgoiuery down in the South, and I see also somebody from the New York World, the Evening Post. anro,lur,. coucelitratiou of the spec tators' iiiriital fjculties- a cliaage in di- r.T|i,„l, r.,„.ri:,I|y a .Mviil chuUge, Wiil again li.4,l Ihr ry:. alal this is what we SUlh-au.'llr. jaur lu:;, | r > i 11 :; In aCCOm- Pll-li. I Ihiok «.. hav sn.vrr.led iu this. At I.'asr. We iia\e dune our best, because we do iioi want to go down in defeat in 1111.-. on account of neglect on our part. Adverlisiug is a praisoworthy thing. It draws the attention of the public to ct>iiimo. lilies it neetU and equal suf- frage is to my miud one of the greatest conimodities now iu the market. ECONOMICS or ADVERTISING, The subject of "National Advertising from the Consumer's Standpoint" was treated by Proi. Paul T. Cherington, of Harvard University. Mr. Cherington occupied himself with advertising from the economic point of view, and dwelt extensivelv on the failure of advertis- ers to keep abreast of the times. It seemed to hini tliat many of them em- ployed methods that might have been effective thirty years ago, but which to- day could not hope to achieve success. He said, in part : The consumer is ttie last court of ajp- IJcal of the advertiser. Xu matter how well planned the campaign, iiow well wnitten the cijiy, advertisiug, before it can hope i<-' I iferii\-,/. must sense ex- isting conditii.iis. fiist of all, it must be under-stood jusi who tlie eoiisumcr is. It is assumed ordinarily that the consumer is you and I and some other fellows. At one time this definition \vas fairly correct, but it is this no longer to-day. Thirty years ago the consumer bought what lie needed ; to-day he buys what he wants. Thus tlie consumer has become the indi- vidual, plus the conditions of his life. ilOOERX METHODS BAOLY NEEDED. IJuriug the last thirty years -a-dN-crtising has undergone so many changes that to- day it is no longer the simple announce- ment of the fact that So-ninl^Sn has a cer- tain article for sale. .Men In-day ask the question, why I should buy toulh powder tor 25c. in one store when iu another it is advertised for lU'e. One safety razor selling for ^o and another for a quarter is apt to cause investigation of a rather serious kind. In other words, advertis- ing to-day has the tendency to educate the public in matters affecting its pocket- book. Ou this account advertising must be consistent. It is hardly cousisTeni when tlie \'alue of au article is not prop- erly established iu the advertisement. The widespread publicity of our day has resulted iu a new sort of public con- sciousness. A\'ider education and greater uiobilit\' are hack of this, and so is also the slant uiiward tendeucv of public inlelligeiiee. The bait of thirty years ago cannot hope to catch the consumer of to- day. I'or that reason the objective of this <,irg.auizatiou is big enough to get the closest consideration. SCIlEIi.MEHHORN AND THE BEATITUDES. The ne.xt speaker, James Schermer- liorn, publisher of the Detroit Times, spoke on "Testing the Beatitudes — A Twentieth Century Newspaper Experi- ment" l\ir. Schermerhorn proved easily the star performer of the evening. In a style nothing short of Mark Twain- esi|ue. he recited dryly his experience of >running a newspajjcr more or less in accord with the Sermon on the Mount. Every one of his sentences was punctu- ated by the laughter of the diners, and there were many who insisted that if ever the beatitudes ihould desert Mr. Schermerhorn entirely, he would have no trouble making a mark as a humor- ist. Aiter paying his compliments to Mayor Gaynor for his remarks anent !_ 122 The Story of THE PinSBURG DISPATCH Started in a SmaU Way Soon Distances Rivals— Indepen- dence and Progressiveness Recognized Over the Whole World The date of February S, 1846, was rich in moment for Pittsburg, for it was on the morning of that day that the Pittsburg Dispatch came into existence. It was a rather insignificant sheet in appearance, as most of the newspapers were at that time, even in what was called the "metropolis," which, of course, meant New York City, Pittsburg merely giving promise of great things to come, with no great accompanying performance, though Ten months prev: I most of the bus i then thri little :ity. he birtli of the Dispatch the great fire had swept the city strict had been destroyed. Plundreds of business men were ruined. Business was paralyzed. In the very presence and defiance of this disaster the Dispatch came into existence and was issued by J. Heron Foster from a "box" in Third street, the heart of the destroyed region. Such "nerve" was won- derfully inspiring and despairing ones were induced to "buck up" and grasp at new situations and look for new opportunities. Mr. Foster had acquired the iron front building, one of the first in the city, which for long years was the office of the Dispatch, now the Newell Hotel, one of the most valuable properties on lower Fifth avenue. It was counted one of the finest proper- ties for newspaper publication in the country. The Great Change. With the return of Mr. Foster from the great war Company was organized in 1865. The initiator of the papi would be the wisest action imaginable to introduce into th most responsible for the making of the journal. For men, one on the writing force and the forces, had made good as few newspape of Mr. I s of the Rooks and O'Neills have been synony- y of journalism in America there are few other ntinuously under the management of members zander Rook, President and Editor, being the id Harry C, Rook, the younger son, secretary w firm of Foster & a fine theory that it those who had been irnal. For a considerable period two managing the business and mechanical of the time had done. With the death ISGS these two acquired sole ownership of the Dispatch, and it has been in the families ever since. These were Alexander W. Rook and Daniel O'Neill. Mr. Rook was not only a fine judge of all that should appear in the editorial and reportorial and all other departments of a newspaper, but he was a thorough printer and something more. He knew the mechanical means of producing the printed sheet from "garret to cellar." Mr. O'Neill had been city editor of the paper for several years before he came in the new firm of Foster S: Company and had made a reputation for the handling of news. No two men were better known in the city than "Alec" Rook and "Dan" O'Neill. They set the pace for new journalism, which is continued to this day through that influence and independence which has been consistently pursued by the Dispatch. Ever since that purchase the nam mous with the name of the Dispatch. It is probable that in all the histo ii'stances of a newspaper being so c( of two families. Colonel Charles Ale eldest son of Alexander W. Rook, a of the company and manager of the Philadelphia branch office, and Eugene M. O'Ne a brother of Daniel O'Neill, the vice-president. There was no machine typesetting in those olden days. While great advance had been made in presses, the paper was "se*t up" by the picking out of each sep- arate type, the columns of type would be locked in "forms" and placed on a horizontal bed which was shunted back and forth by steam power, the paper being passed in sheets by hand feeding, and never for long years after moved automatically in great rolls as it is now upon quadruple, sextuple and octuple Hoe presses, mighty masses towering from floor to the ceiling of rooms really two stories in height and running so fast that the eye cannot follow the motion; printing, pasting, cutting, folding, count- ing, the result of mechanical wizardy. By the way, the first "perfecting" press in Pittsburg was installed in the Dispatch and was really the result of a fire. That occurred in 1S77, and the interior of the five-story building in Fifth avenue, close to the old post-office, was practically a complete wreck with all of its contents. The Latest and Greatest. Mr. O'Neill died January 30, 1877. Mr. Rook died August 14, ISSO. The Sun- day issue was initiated some time later. The Fifth avenue building came to be unsuited for the more prodigious work and the more prodigious presses required for the doing of it. A large lot was purchased in Diamond street just above SmithfieUl. now occupied by Kaufmann's store building, and a building that seemed adequate at the time erected. This soon shrank to inadequacy with the amazing growth of circulation and the neces- sary printing, and the corner of Diamond and Smithfield was purchased and the space for operations doubled. Again the great increase of space became too small for the demands of production of a paper that advanced by leaps and bounds. It was decided to move out on Fifth avenue, and the site, 1331-1333-1335, was selected, and an ideal newspaper building erected. As all now kn w who know anv- thing about the city, this building with its annex through the e itir block from Fifth avenue to Colwell street, the main structure and the annex being coi nected by a bridge over Our alley, is the chief structure cast of the Courthouse. By native and foreign visitors, both professional newspaper me and laymen, this newspaper building in all its arrangements, all its machinery. th artistic grouping of floors and rooms for the finest economy in the saving of t me and labor, is one of the most perfect in the world. An Admirable Arrangement. "Most of our newspaper offices on the other side of the ocean are straggling," said an eminent editor and publislier of London, "and lacking in harmony of arrangement for the purpose for which they were intended. Your office of the Dispatch is one of the most admirably compact in the grouping of all features of the machinery for producing a newspaper, intellectual, business and mechanical, that I have ever in- spected. It might almost be called a work of art, it is so splendidly adapted for the purpose for which it was designed." No prophetic vision of J. Heron Foster, the founder of the Dispatch, or of the Foster Company, of which Alexander W. Rook and Daniel O'Neill were members, or of yet later members of the earlier Dispatch Publishing Company could have fore- told even a little of the proportions to which the Dispatch would reach C8 years after the first issue of the paper in Third street. THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST the New York Press, and the country newspapers, the speaker turned to the history' of his effort to run in Detroit, Mich., a paper which he thought would please New York's Mayor: I gather that the press of New York City is not unitedly behind Mayor Gay- nor. I know, of course, that the press of this country is not always run on the lines that 'would most appeal to the Mayor's friend. Epictetus. But I would say 'here that doing team -work witli the beatitudes may be a veiT worthy en- deavor, but is rather hard on the man who attempts it. The prospects of such a man retiring in his old age iwith money enough to get decent burial are rather mournful. N^t all those who pray for the "beatitudes in newspapers subscri'be to newspapers. This is very disconcert- ing to the man who has payrolls coming due. and whose only safeguard against the bread line are the advertising bills due. My experience with the beatitudes has not always been iileasant. Of course, some people appreciate what the Detroit Times is doing. Only a few weeks ago a Detroit clergyman, whom I kuow rather T\-ell. came to me and s;i/id : "You're doing a great work, my boy." Of course. I appreciated the encourage- ment but noticed sticking out of one of his coat pockets a copy of one of m.v competitors, while the other pocket con- tained a copy of the otlieT. But the De- troit Times will continue to run with the beatitudes and ulblmately we hope to find better recognition. Mr. Schermerhorn employed the edi- torial "we" and made a deep impres- sion upon his audience. POINTS TO FOLLY OF KNOCKING. O. H. Blackman, president of the Blackman-Ross Co., spoke on "The Conservation of the National Adver- tiser. He urged publishers to refrain from the futile rivalries of padded cir- culation statements and elastic rate cards. In his opinion the generation of mutual confidence among publishers, the standardization of methocs and elimina- tion of "knocking" would do much to make advertising a more profitable busi- ness than it is now. Mr. Blackman ex- pressed it as his hope that within a short time the advertising agencies would be able to look upon the country publishers as their representatives in the territory covered by their circulation. He pointed out that nothing was being gained my newspaper proprietors and business managers in spending most of their energy in efforts calculated to prove the other man a Har. There is one matter that I want to dwell on to-night, said Mr. Blackman. complaint is often made that certain ad- vertising agents favor the magazines at the expense of the dailies. In addition to what I have said about this. I waul to draw your attention to the tactlessness so often encountered by national adver- tisers. You \vill grant that the business man in his business and social life has the right to choose his neighbors and as- sociates. You will also grant that in har- mony with this he must have the right HERE'S A GOOD BUY THE READING NEWS A metropolitan morning newspaper. Cir- culation. 10,000 and growing. For rates, see J. P. McKinney, 334 Fifth Ave., New York; 122 So. Michigan Ave., Chicago. to choose his neighbors in his advertising a \ columns he uses. my BETTER JUDGMENT IS NEEDED. clc; Some time vTgo I placed a contract for fori A steadily increasing business — without tlie aid of special editions — is the answ^er as to why THE EVENING MAIL'S policy of accepting only clean advertise- ments is a -winning one. 203 Broadway - New York Who Who ME 2,001 NEWS- PAPER MEN I KNOW PERSONALLY" My ndvertised breakfast food. To I'priso this artvevtisement of a very nature \\us stuck among tlie worst »f medic;il announcements. Xatur- lie advertiser objected to this, and (Continued on fage 126.) This space Reserved for THE TOPEKA STATE JOURNAL. ILLUSTRATED SUNDAV MAQAZINE l>untiag^gaziiTe Let Us Help You cind Your Decorator Get An Extra Fine Job At Least Expense No Magazine, no inatter what its cost, can boast of a more impressive list of contributors. These leading authors and artists are featured regu- larly in current issues of the HjLUSTRATED SUNDAY MlAGAZINE. LEADING WRITERS : iRichard Harding Davis George Randolph iChester Wallace Irwin George Bfarr McCutcheon Mary Roberts Rinehart Anna Katherine Green Rex Beach James Oliver Curwood Ellis Parker Butler Gouverneur Morris George Pattulo Chas. 'C. D. Roberts Elinor Glyn Gellett Burgess Arthur Stringer James Montgomery Flagg Howard Chandler Christy Henry Hutt Penryhn Stanlaws C. Coles Phillips LEADING ARTISTS ; Hamilton King Will Foster George Brehm Worth Brehm David Robinson Chase Emerson Edmund Frederick F. Earl Christy Hanson Booth Anton Otto Fisher gazine PROGRESS. THE FEBRUARY 1B13 ISSUES OF THE ILLUSTRATED SUNDAY MAGAZINE SHOWED A GAIN IN ADVERTISING VOLUME OVER THE FEBRUARY ISSUES OF 1912. THE MARCH Ifll?, ISSUES OF THE ILLUSTRATED SUNDAY MAGAZINE SHOWED A GOOD INCREASE OVER THE MARCH 191-2 ISSUES. THE APRIL 1913 ISSUES OF THE ILLUSTRATED SUNDAY MAGAZINE SHOW A SUBSTANTIAL GAIN OVER APRIL 1912 ISSUES. These increases have been made in face of the fact that 'hundreds of lines of advertising formerly accepted (and which was carried in 1912) are now ruled out cf our advertising columns. Published Co-operatively as a Part of the Sunday Edition of These Seventeen Important Newspapers : PITTSBURGH G.\ZETTE TIMES ROCHESTER IIEIIOCRAT & CHRONICLE MEMPHIS COMMERCIAL APPEAL LOUISVILLE COORIER-TOURNAL NEW ORLEANS PICAYUNE MINNEAPOLIS TRIBUNE CHICAGO, Mailers Building. RUFF.\LO TIMES DENVER REPUP.LICAN COLUMBUS DISPATCH BOSTON HERALD DETROIT FREE PRESS ICU^U^^i-'r-i^K^ Inc. (HLMIA WiiKLli IIKK ALD MILW.M'KKK SKXTIXEI. I'RilVIIlFXi'i: TKir.lXF WORCESTER TELEtiRAM 250 Fifth Ave NEW YORK. nt Building, BOSTON. 123 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST NOTICE This Company is the originator and creator of the Linotype art, and all existing Linotype machines are built undtr its patents. All Two=Letter Linotype machines are covered by patents of this Company having a number of years to run No Linotype machine having Two=Letter Matrices, Multiple Magazines, or the other improvements which place the present day Linotype far ahead of the earlier machines, can be used without the permission of this Company. Any person or persons counterfeiting or imitating our machinery, or persons using such goods, will be held strictly accountable in the courts. MERQENTHALER LINOTYPE COMPANY. DAYTON EXPERIENCES. An Eye Witness Describes the Diffi- culties Encountered by the City*s Newspapers — How the News Rose to the Occasion. Dayton's flood struck hard. To fully realize how hard, it is well to remem- ber that it was the first time that the entire press of a modern city was com- pletely paralyzed and three up-to-date papers unable to issue a single copy from their plants. The News. Journal and Herald were but two blocks apart and all in the cen- ter of the flood zone. The Journal and Herald were doubly exposed, for heavy fire losses were suffered on the same block, and for a while it looked as if their building would be wiped out. A very few of the staff of both after- noon papers were in the buildings when the flood broke Tuesday, but flooded pressrooms ruined white stock and crip- pled wires combined to make publication impossible. MvSNAGER MF.AP MAROONED. General Manager Mead, of the News, was at his home on the west side with an impassible river between him and the office. Others of the staff were in the same predicament. As soon as the rush of waters permitted the handling of a boat, they crossed as a relief crew, only to give up their places in turn to oth- ers equally anxious to get back to the west side. It took but a few minutes to com- plete arrangements with the National Cash Register management for the par- tial use of their printing plant, and the moment the flood receded sufficiently to permit of the passage of automobiles through the streets one-sheet papers were being distributed free to the thou- sands who were hungering for news not only from the outside world, but the isolated sections of the city that contained friends and relatives. The Herald and Journal were more heavily handicapped, for the limited re- sources of the improvised Cash Regis- ter plant did not permit of the handling of other than the News, but they met the conditions by securing a press at Richmond, Ind., rushing the papers across the State and making a distri- bution but slightly behind the more fa- vored News that was able to print on the ground. The strain to all was heart wracking, but the staffs met the conditions as though it were a regular occurrence. Mead, of the News, never left the office from Thursday until Monday, and his example was followed by others who seemed determined to combat the con- ditions and re-establish daily service ir- respective of cost and expenditure of energv. The Cincinnati Enquirer and Cleveland Plain Dealer were the first outside papers to get in and make any pretense of distribution. Both circula- tion departments had personal represen- tatives on the ground who lived on the job twenty-four hours a day until or- der was resumed. It was fierce while it lasted, but few of thos^ privileged to participate regret the experience. The Mylius Case Comes Up Again. The immigration authorities through- out the country are waiting impatiently for a definite decision in the Mylius case as they do not know how to take the decision of Judge Noyes admitting the writer to this country and how the view taken by the district court affects their powers. Judge Noyes, in grant- ing Mylius the writ of habeas corpus on which he was released from Ellis Island, held that a libel did not neces- sarily imply moral turpitude. Assistant District Attorney Boyle asked for a speedy hearing of the Government's ap- peal against the court's decision, de- claring that the judge's opinion left the immigration authorities uncertain as to what they were expected to do. The United States Circuit Court of Appeals last Saturday denied Mr. Boyle's mo- tion, on the ground that there was no necessity of immediate action. Largest Sworn Circulation in Texas. TheHOUSTON CHRONICLE (Daily and Sunday) Daily Average for March Sunday " " " 34,806 40,802 Sworn statements made United States Post Office Department, regular examinations by Ameri- can Association of Advertisers and sworn figures given all newspaper directories. Lowest advertis- ing rales per thousand circulation of any newspaper in the South. Eastern Representatives, LA COSTE & MAXWELL NEW YORK CITY Western Representatives, JOHN M. BRANHAM COMPANY CHICAGO, ILL. 124 THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST TIPS FOR THE AD MANAGER. George Batten Co., Fourth Avenue buildinff, N"ew York City, is placing one time orders with large Sunday papers for the Pompeian Manu- facturing Co., "Pompeian Massage Cream," Cleveland, O. It is also transferring the ad- vertising for the Encyclopedia Eritannica Co., 116 West Thirty-second street. New York City Dudley, Walker & Co., Peoples Gas building, Chicago, in., are making contracts with South- western papers for the Chicago Great Western Railroad Co. Chicago, 111. P ]LL IF Street & Finney, 45 West Thirty-fourth street, New York City, are issuing 5,000 1. con- tracts to some Western papers for the Chase Motor Truck Co., Syracuse. X. Y. Lord & Thomas, Mailers building, Chicago, 111., are figuring on a general newspaper cam- paign for Collier's Weekly, 416 West Thir- teenth street. New York City. i.-^i.;. ....... o, .^^...^L..^. ..J., of papers for the Crex Carpet Co., 377 Uroadway, New York City. Bloomingdale-Weiler Advertising Agency 1420 Chestnut street, Philadelphia, Pa., is for. warding 20 line copy to some papers in Balti- more, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh for the Dil- worth Hardware & Electric Supply Co., 1604 and 417 Market street, Philadelphia. Pa. Publications examined by the Association of American Advertisers, of ch a COMPLETE EXAMINATION of tbe various records of circulation made and the ACTUAL CIRCULATION ascertained, with later figures, lome instances furnished by the publisher. ARIZONA. MISSOURI. GAZETTE— Av. Cir. Feb.. 6.339.... Pho .Joplii Wylie B. Jones Advertising Agency. Bing- liamton, X. Y., is sending out orders to .\'ew England papers for the Ames Chemical Co., Whitney Point, N. Y. Dunlap-Ward Advertising Co., Hartford building, Chicago, and U. S. Rubber building. New York Cttv, is handling the advertising for the Revere Rubber Co., "Red Plug Spring Step K'ubber Heels," New York City and Bos- ton, Mass. CALIFORNIA. Erackett-Parker Co., 325 Fifth avenue. New York City, and 77 Franklin street, Boston, Mass., is issuing orders to one paper in a se- lected li Albert Frank & Co., 26 Beaver street. New York, are placing orders with a selected list of papers east of Pittsburgh. Pa., for Toseph P. Day, "The State of New York," Westches- ENTERPRISE Chic< Angeles Angele; RECORD Lo: TRIBUNE Lo: Daily circulation in excess of 65,000 copies. This is the largest Daily Circulation of any r published in Los Angeles. Cates .\dvertising Co., Dallas, Tex., is placing 10 in. seven column orders with Southwestern papers for the Southern States Cotton Corp., Dallas. Tex. INDEPENDENT Sa Frank Presbrey Co.. 456 Fourth ; York City, is forwarding contracts papers for the New York, Ontario Railway, New York City. Mark Cross Co.. "Mark Cross Safety Ra New Y'ork City, to be placed in Westt papers. CALL Sa ORCHARD AND FARM IRRIGATION San Fr Tracy-Parry Co., Lafayette building, Pliila- delpliia, it is reported, will place 300 1. 11 t. orders with some Southern papers for the Southern Railroad Co., Washington, D. C. It is also handling the advertising for the Silvex Co., "Glad Rags Polishing Cloth," 60 Wall street, New York City. Donovan & Armstrong, Commonwealth build- ing Philadelphia, Pa., are renewing contracts with newspapers in cities where the.v have agents for A. B. Kirchbaum & Co., "Kirch- baum Clothing," Bond and Carpenter streets. Philadelphia. Bros. , Alfred Gri few selected papers for Ila tc, Thirtv-fifth idelphia. Pa. 10111 Che: Robe RECORD SiocktoD Only newspaper in Stockton that will lell its circulation. FLORIDA. 11. McMulleti Co., Cambridge build- METROPOLIS Jacksonvillt :nut street, Philadel- phia, is placing the advertising of the De Long Hook & Eye Co., "Hub Hook and Eye," Broad and Wallace streets. Philadelphia, with IMich- igan papers. POST-DISPATCH St. Loui, MONTANA. MINERTTT.T .T Bu¥e NEBRASKA FREIE PRESSE (Cir. 1 28,384) .... Lincoin NEW JERSEY. PRESS" : Asbury Piirk JOURNAL Elizabeth COURIER-NEWS Plainfield NEW MEXICO. MORNING JOURNAL Albuguer^ NEW YORK. KNICKERBOCKER PRESS Albany BUFFALO EVENING NEWS. . . .Buffalo BOLLETTINO DELLA SERA, New York EVENING MAIL New York .■ York City, is making .5,000 1. tracts with Xew York State papers fo: Standard Milling Co., 49 Wall street, Yorl: City. STANDARD PRESS Ti GEORGIA. The Federal Advertising Agency, 231 West Thirtv-ninth street, -New York City, is issinng contracts for Henry J. Roussel, Inc., "Eau Gorlier," Lotion Face Powder Soap, 1265 Broadway, New York City, 4 Place de Vosges, Paris. Franc!:. P. K. Frowert (Inc.), 23 West Forty-seco street. New York, is forwarding orders Boston, New Y'ork City, Philadelphia a Washington, D- C, papers for Charje; don, .Antiques, 71S Fifth : Fourth : Nc Jean Dean Barnes, York City, is sending out orders to a large list of papers for B. Priestley & Co., "lloha Cloth," 100 Fifth avenue. New York City. New York. Richard A. Foley Advertising .Agency, Bul- letin building, Philadelphia, is placing orders with a few selected papers for Notasetne Ho- siery Co.. Masher and O-^ford streets, Phila- delp'hia. Pa. ATLANTA JOURNAL(Cir.54989)AtIani. PLAIN DEALER Cleveland CONSTITUTION Atlanta Circulation for March, 1913. CHRONICLE Augusta Daily 110,365 Sunday 143,525 LEDGER Columbus VINDICATOR Youngslowti ILLINOIS. PENNSYLVANIA. newspaper campaign shortlv for Kah & Frank, "Loxiton" Underwear, 573 Broadway, > ew York City. ff NEWS Joliet W. F. Hamblin & Co., 200 Fifth avenue. New York Citv, it is said, will shortly place orders with dailies and semi-weekly papers for the Reina Specialty Co., 295y„ Pearl street, New Y'ork City. It is also reported that this agency is preparing some copy for the Magistral Chemical Co., 949 Broadway, New York City. The Siegfried Co., Inc., 50 Church New Y'ork Citv, is sending out 5,000 line con- wpp ., p. j i- , tracts to principal New lersev newspapers for rlt-KALU Joliet the ."^rmitage Varnish Co-. ".Armorite Wajl Enamel," 54 Dawson street, Newark. N. J _ has also prepared a Southern campaign for the uppAi n TRiM to West Virginia newspapers. JUUKNAL . . re - , .. :; „ , tr u STAR (Circulation 21,589) Po Stack .Advertising Agencv (Inc.). Heyworth . — — building, Chicago. Ill-, is placing 3,000 1 vear contracts with Pacific Coast paper Swift & Co., Chicago, 111. POLISH DAIL Y ZGODA Chicago TIMES Chester SKANDWAV EN aicago p^j^y DEMOCRAT... Johnstown DISPATCH Pittsburgh PRESS Pillsburgh for INDIANA. Chas. H- Fuller Co., 623 South Wabash ave- nue, Chicago, is forwarding 250 inches to some Pennsylvania papers to be used in one year for the Marion Motor Car Co-, Indianapolis, LEADER-TRIBUNE Mari third street, New York City, is issuing to a _, ,_ . , ,_ _, . --., . ». t-v few papers 4 inch 26 t. orders for C. J. Moffett THE AVE MARIA Noire D« Med. Co., St. Louis. Mo. GERMAN GAZETTE Philadelphia TIMES-LEADER Wilkes-Barre GAZETTE . . . 777777777 York SOUTH CAROLINA. DAILY MAIL Anderson M. r We'Is Advertising Agency. 3S Park Row, New York City, is issuing 3% m. 3 t. a. w. orders for six months with a selected list of papers for James Ohvell & Co., Liquors, ISl West street. New York City. The Levan -Advertising .Agem making 2,000 1. one year cnntrac West papers for Pearl LaSage. with Middle REGISTER & LEADER Des Mo THE STATE Columbi. (Cir. July, 1912, S. 20,986; D. 20,956) TENNESSEE. George Batten Co., Fourth Avenue building. New York City, it is reported, is adding addi- tional cities to the list of Geo. P Ide & Co, •Silver Brand Collars and Shirts," Troy, N. Y. .), 453 Fifth av ontracting 100 lii 42 time orders with "Mississippi papers on trade basis for the Hotel Victoria. THE TIMES-J5USnS. Dubuque NEWS-SCIMI TAR Memphi, BANNER Nashville KANSAS CAPITAL Topeka An established reputation for integrity with prospective buyers NOT ON THE MARKET But will sell to ?. good buyer. JIany of my propositions are just that kind. They are money makers and can't be bought elsewhere. -Ml correspondence confidential. H. F. HENRICHS Newspaper Broker 110 EAST RYDER LITCHFIELD, ILL. Desirable newspaper properties for sale in every state in the Union land Lin Eastern papers for the New Eng- KENTUCKY. .STAR-TELEGRAM Fort Worth Sworn circulation over 25.000 daily. Only dally in Fort Worth that permitted 1912 examination by of Air COURIER-JO URNAL LouUville CHRONICLE .777777777 Houston TIMES Louitville LOUISIANA. .Ne Orlei VISITORS AT E. & P. BOOTH. -^mong thos-; who called at The Edi- tor .\Nn Publisher b^otb were : P. E. Burton. Joplin News-Herald: c-rA-rirc John Irvine, editor, printer and pub- DAILY STATES lisher. Toronto, and secretary Canadian ITEM New Oil Publishers' .^ssnciation : William Har- ling. Wesel Mf.tr. Co.. Xew Ynrk; Edw- M. Corney, Carl Ackf^rman, Charles R, Long, Chester (Pa.') Tim»s: Milo Whit- taker. Jackson CMich.1 Patriot: F. .\d- ler, Davenport CTa."! Timps: James F, Powell. Ottiimwa, Ta. : H. .\. Brown, Bridgeport. Conn.; W. O. Littick Zane's- ville (•Q.'i Times-Recorder: W. W. Chanin. .^an Francisco Call; C. L. Drake, Strondsburg fPa.1 Times; Thomas P. Dawley, Jr., New York: PATRIOT (Morning) Jackson Frank P McBreen, New York: E. T. Daily (Except Monday) Perry, New York: Robert W. N-al, Average, Year of 1912 Amherst. "Mass : E. W Bachman. New d,;|„ 10,589 Sunday 11,629 York Globe: George J. Auer. Alhan- — ^ (N. Y.'i Knickerbocker-Press : "Dnc" MINNESOTA. Coone, E. S. Alden, Holyoke (Mass.) — , . nmrccc- . .~. , ,„.,,,,.,,,«» Artisan. TRIBUNE. Mom. !t Eve Mi.«.p.IU LA PRESSE Ave.Cir.forl9I2, 1 M,37lMonlr 125 TIMES-DEMOCRAT New Orleans MARYLAND. THE SUN Baltimore has a net paid circulation of 124,000 copies daily. 80,000 of which are serve d in Ballimore homes. MICHIGAN. WASHINGTON. POST-INTELLIGENCER .. Seattle WISCONSIN. EVENING -WISCONSIN. . . . .Milwaukee CANADA. ALBERTA. HERALD r.lo.rv BRITISH COLUMBIA. ■WORLD Vancouver ONTARIO. FREE PRESS . ..London QUEBEC. LA PATRIE Montreal THE EDITOR AND PUBLISHER AND JOURNALIST DAILY ASSOCIATION. Manager Adams Submits Report at Annual Meeting Held Wednesday. The following is an excerpt from the report of J. VV. Adams, general mana- ger of the Daily Newspaper Associa- tion : "In May, 1912, the organization pre- pared an exhibit of newspaper adver- tising which attracted a great deal of interest and attention at the Dallas con- vention of the Associated Advertising Clubs of America. This was done as part of the work for the promotion of newspaper advertising. An exhibit simi- lar in character but much more exten- sive is being prepared for the Baltimore convention of the Associated Advertis- ing Clubs of America, to be held in June of this year. "During the past year the work for the promotion and development of news- paper advertising has been conducted as closely as our limited funds would per- mit, along the lines suggested last year, proposing to interest and to convince ad- vertisers of the value of newspaper ad- vertising. CONSOLIDATION IS FAVORED. "The jeorganization in December, 1912, of the Daily Newspaper Club, un- der the name Daily Newspaper Associa- tion, provided for direct solicitation, and the consolidation which is being dis- cussed with the National Dailies and the United Newspapers would ensure this by providing adequate funds. "One of the chief services that the Daily Newspaper Association can ren- der is the gathering and compilation of data and statistics in regard to advertis- ing and merchandising conditions throughout the country. We already have gone very far along these lines. We cannot, however, go much further, nor anywhere nearly far enough, unless ade- quote revenue is afforded for the work. "It is possible now to give exact infor- mation in regard to the advertisers that are employing the magazines; to state the amount of space they use and in what issues they use it. It should be possible for this office to have ready similar information in regard to news- paper advertisers. MAGAZINE ADVERTISING DECREASES. "During the year there has been a decrease in the \olume of magazine ad- vertising, and at the same time, an in- crease in the volume of newspaper ad- vertising. This is the result of work by many factors, but it seems reasonable to believe that the Daily Newspaper Club and its successor, the Daily Newspaper Association, has had a considerable part in this, mainly through the cumulative effect of its work not only during this year, but during the four previous years of its history. "Since, prior to the reorganization, it was not authorized or organized to en- gage in the direct solicitation of adver- tising for newspapers, it is perforce not to be expected that il can indicate spe- cific accounts which it has brought to the newspapers. At the same time, it is interesting to know that of the 260 im- portant general advertisers enumerated in our "Solicitation List" last June as employing magazines to the exclusion of newspapers, eighteen of these have be- come general newspaper advertisers and twenty-one have become newspaper ad- vertisers in a small way. It is also inter- esting and encouraging to know that in the last three years, sixty prominent newspapers of large cities have gained 27..'i per cent, in volume of advertising. ADVERTISERS OFFERED AID. "The Daily Newspaper Association has endeavored to interest' the newspapers of this country, non-members as well as members, in the value of local co-opera- tive service to advertisers. Such serv- ice includes the furnishing of exact data to an advertiser in regard to local merchandising conditions affecting the commodity which he has to advertise, and also of affording a personal intro- duction of the merchandiser's repre- sentative to the local retailers whenever such co-operation is desired. "This local co-operative service can be rendered easily by newspapers, and no other advertising medium can possibly approach the service which the news- papers can render in this respect, for in order to do so each other advertising medium would have to establish an office in each community, whereas the news- paper offices are in a position to do this work, thus constituting what might be called a local branch in every community through which the central office of the Daily Newspaper Association can secure co-operation for an advertiser. Over 100 newspapers throughout the country have already indicated their entire willingness to render this co-operation. "The Daily Newspaper Association be- lieves that the good of the whole news- paper advertising field would best be served by one strong association rather than by three associations, whose di- vision of work would mean a division of energy, and, hence, a lack in economy of energy and in degree of accomplish- ment." At the meeting held on Wednesday, the organization elected the following officers : Officers — Louis Wiley, president. New York Times : Edward Flicker, vice- president, Cincinnati Enquirer: Leland M. Burr, treasurer. New York Evening Tost: J. W. Adams, secretary. Executive Committee — G. J. Auer, Al- bany Knickerbocker Press : H. F. Gun- nison, Brooklyn Daily Eagle; W. P. Goodspeed, Buffalo Evening News: W. J. Pattison, New York Evening Post; Don C. Seitz, New York World; D. B. Plum, Troy Record, and J. B. Wood- ward, special representative. Board of Directors— Charles D. At- kinson, Atlanta Journal : Edward Flick- er, Cincinati Enquirer: A. G. Carter, Fort Worth Star-Telegram : F. P. Glass, Montgomery Advertiser; E. V. Alley. New Bedford Standard and Mercury; C. C. Roscwater. Omaha Bee; Milton B. Ochs, Philadelphia Public Ledger; W. H. Cowles, Spokane Spokesman-Re- view, and C. M. Palmer, St. Joseph News-Press. ^T W mmim Publishers' Representatives ALLEN & WARD Brunswick Bldg., New York Advertising Bldg.. Chicago Advertising Agents ADVERTISERS' SERVICE 5 Beekman Si., New York Tel. Corllandl 3155 ANDERSON. C. I-, SPECIAL AGENCY Marquelle Bldg., Chicago, 111. Tel. Cent. 1112 AMERICAN SPORTS PUB. CO. 21 Warren St., New York Tel. Barclay 7095 JOHN M. BRANHAM CO. Brunswick Bldg., N.Y., Mailers Bldg, Chi< Chemical Bldg., St. Louis. ARMSTRONG, COLLIN ADV- CO. 115 Broadway, New York Tel. 4280 Rector BUDD, THE JOHN, COMPANY Brunswick Bldg., N. Y.: Tribune Bl Chic; Chemical Bldg.. Si. Louis BRICKA, GEORGE W., Adv. Ageni. 114-116 East 28lh St.. New York Tel. 9101-9102 Mad. Sq. CARPENTER-SCHEERER SP. AGCY Fifth Ave. Bldg.. New York People's Gas Bldg., Chicago CONE, LORENZEN & WOODMAN Brunswick Bldg., N. Y- ; Mailers Bldg.. Chic; Gumbel Bldg., Kansas City Press Clippings Everything and anything that is printed in any newspaper or magazine, anywhere— can be suppHed by BURRELLE CHARLES HEMSTREET. Manaser 45 Lafayette Street, New York City Established a Quarter of a Century GRIFFITH, HARRY C. Brunswick Bldg., New York Tel. Madison Sq. 3154 HENKEL, F. Y/. People's Gas Bldg., Chicago Tel. Randolph 3465 KEATOR, A. R. 715 Hartford Bldg., Chicago, 111. Tel. Randolph 6065 LINDENSTEIN, S. G. 118 East 28lhSl., New I'orh 30 North Dearborn St., Chicago NORTHRUP, FRANK R. 225 Fifth Ave., New York Tel. Madison Sq. 2042 PAYNE & YOUNG 747-8 Marquelle Bldg., Chicago 200 Fiflh Ave.. New York PULLEN, BRYANT & FREDRICKS CO. 225 Fifth Avenue. New York. Tel. Midison Sq. 9729. PUTNAM & RANDALL, 45 W. 34ih Si., New York Tel. Murray Hill 1377 VERREE & CONKLIN. Inc. 225 Fiflh Ave.. New York Tel. Madison Sq. 962 DAILY CLUB DINNER. iCotitiinicii from fagc V2Z.) I think Mi;it yon will see tlip reasonable- uoss of liis -net. It is nntliiiig unusual for newspapers to bo guilty of this offense, for such un- doubtedly it is. and. this in a large meas- ure, has prej^idicod national advertisers against usinp the daily papers. I do not mean to say here that this is (he sole pause, but it oertnanly is a con- tri,1)utory influence that has no reason to rxist. Advertising of a desirable class should not be on the snme p.qges with ad- vertising tlvat is clonrlv f^hj(^ctionahle. To do so will drivo out the advertiser, leav- inir :i hnlr in vour r.o<-ket. The .■nnser\-jtion of thr national adver- ti-^.T dejiends upon co-oporntion between (he ndverlising n-ent and the n.-.vsuapor and can -ho realized only if we give the national advertiser a square deal. Owing to the lateness of the hour, Charles W. Dietrich, who was to speak on "The Ethical Side of Advertising," refused to hold the company longer; and. after thanking them for the oppor- tunity to have addressed them at all. the audience, as Mr. Wilev put it. went home, in cases where this was possible, and to the hotel in cases where this was not possible. STOCKWELL. W. H. 629 People's Gas Bldg., Chicago Canadian papers exclusively. ONE SURE WAV to cover Chester and Delaware County with its 117,000 people, by newspaper ad- vertising, and that is to use the CHESTER TIMES and the MORNING REPUBLICAN Write for rates. Chester, Pa. The Elizabeth (N. J.) Times Only Democratic daily in Fifth Congressional District FRANK. ALBERT & CO. 26-28 Beaver St., New York Tel. Broad 3831 HO'WLAND-GARDINER-FENTON 20 Broad Si., New York Tel. Rector 2573 DE CLERQUE, HENRY, Chicago Office, 5 S. 'Wabash Ave. New York Office, 1 'W. 34th St. LEE-JONES. Inc., General Advertising Agents, Republic Building, Chicago. KIERNAN, FRANK & CO. 156 Broadway, New York Tel. 1233 Cortlandt MEYEN, C, & CO. Tribune Bldg., New York Tel. Beekman 1914 SECURITIES ADV. AGENCY 27 -William St., New York Tel. Broad 1420 ANKRUM ADVERTISING AGENCY Classified Specialists 431 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, III, CLASSIFIED AD COMPANY Clearing House For All Agen Karpen Bldg., Chicago. GUENTHER-BRADFORD & CO. 64 W. Randolph St., Chicago Newspaper and Magazine Advertising LEVEN ADVERTISING CO. 175 5th Ave., New York. Majestic Theatre Bldg., Chicago, THE BEERS ADV. AGENCY 37 Cuba St., Havana. Cuba N. Y. Office, 11th Floor, Fuller Bldg. THE EXPORT ADV. AGENCY Speciaiitts on Export Advertising Chicago, 111. TURNER'Soi BULLETIN A Publisher Writes : "Vou are certainly opening the eyes of the public on Circulation lixnminations !'' Yes, Mr. Publisher; and what's more. 1 have proof of everything I say. Try me on Proof ! THE DATA CIR. AUDIT CO.. Newark, N. J. THE DAILY ADVOCATE r.iii.v Stamford, Connecticut. "1 ......v New Vorli Representative, Flaherty's New York Suburban Li ir.o Nassau St. New York City. 126