UMASS/AMHERST 31E0bt.013ES°jfil3 ^^^^ ^^ 'm X THE BOOK OF KENYON L BUTTERFIELD PRESIDENT OF M. A. C. 1906 . 1924 MASSACHUSETTS STATE COLLEGE GOODELL LIBRARY C^x*^-^ ■fMwUiShi^. TWENTY-FOURTH ANNl^L REPORT OF THE SFPEEINTENDENT OP PUBLIC IISTEUCTION OF THE STATE OF MIOHIG-AIsT, Witli Accompanying Uociaineixts, FOM THE T^Am 1§60. J^jj. ^^dAalitif, LANSING: Hosmer So Kerr, Printers^ to the State. "186L* >I58 CONTENTS. PAGE. Supekintendent's Eepoet, 1 Normal School, 4 Agricultural College, 5 Primary Schools, 6 . Graded, or Union Schools, 9 School Taxes,.. 14 Apportionment of Public Moneys, 15 State Teachers' Institutes, 18 Supervision of the Schools, 21 District and Township Libraries, 24 Journal of Education, 31 School Apparatus, 32 Educational Legislation, 33 State Board of Education — Report — Normal School, SI Agricultural College^ 41 School Library Books contracted for, 59 State Normal School — Report of Principal, , 61 " ■ " " " Treasurer, U State Agricultural College — Report of Treasurer, 77 State Reform School — Report of Board, 83 " Treasurer, 87 " Superintendent, 91 " Teacher, 113 " Physician, 119 By-Laws, 121 VI PACE. University of Michigan — Report of Board of Regents, 132 " President, 137 " Finance Committee, 150 " Board of Yisitors, 153 Adrian College, 171 Wesley AN Seminary and Female College, 173 KALAiiAzoo College — Report of Visitors, 183 Michigan Female College, 185 Olivet College, 187 Michigan Collegiate Institute, 199 Colon Seminary, 200 Detroit Female Seminary, c 201 German English School, „ 207 Dickinson Institute, 209 Disco Academy, 210 Lapeer Seminary, 212 Young Ladies' Seminary and Collegiate Institute, Monroe,. . .214 Union Schools — Detroit, 219 Eaton Rapids, 224 Kalamazoo,. 225 Ontonagon, 231 Otsego, . 232 Three Rivers,, 234 Vassar, 235 Abstracts of Inspectors' Reports 238 4 NOTICE. This Eeport is forwarded to the several Count j Clerks in the State of Michigan for distribution, as follows : To each County Clerk, one copy 5 To each County Treasurer, one copy ; To each Township Clerk, one copy ; To each Township Library, one copy ; To each District Library, one copy ; To the Director, for the use of the District Board, in each Dis- trict having no Library, one copy ; To each City Clerk, for the use|of the City Library, ten copies. STATE OF MICHIGAN No. 7. LEGISLATUEE, 1861. ANNUAL REPORT of the Superintendent of Public Instruction To the Legislature af the State of Michigan : The annual reports received at the Office of Public Instruc- tion, for the year 1860, from the Primary Schools and incorpor- ated Institutions of Learning, exhibit a very gratifying growth of the educational interests of the State. The enlightened zeal and liberal spirit which have wrought such changes in our Schools within the past few years, are becoming the settled habit and permanent sentiment of the people. Our State is gaining a wide and enviable reputation for its educational advantages, and the Schools, fostered with such a wise liberality, are reacting with an evident and beneficial power upon the material interests as well as public character of our citizenship . A full exhibit of all the facts would prove, it is believed, that our University, and Union and Primary Schools and other insti- tutions of learning are contributing as much to the merely material progress and development of the State, as are the Rail Roads and Banks and mining interests which have heretofore claimed so large a share of the attention of our Law-makers. No questions more immediately concern and interest the entire 2 Doc. people of the State than those which relate to the perfection and support of the public Schools. It is to be hoped, therefore, that these questions will gain from the Legislature that wise and deliberate attention which their importance demands and which is so essential to any safe and sufficient legislation. It should be reflected that any change in the School Laws, reaches every district and affects every home in the State. The great magnitude and importance of this department of the public interest, and its claims upon the regards of the wise and patriotic statesman, will be evident from the following comprehensive exhibit of the personal and pecuniary resources of the Schools. The territory of the State is distributed into more than four thousand School Districts, each having its group of homes and home interests, and its separate Schoolhouse and School, where the great work of educating the young goes yearly on. In these thousands of School Districts, are living, as shown by the School census of 1860, two hundred and forty-six thousand six hundred and eighty-four children, of the ages to which the law adjudges instruction to be due. In this great mass of child- hood, embracing nearly one-third of our entire population, lie the germs of the future character and pdwer of the State. There were employed the past year in the care of these Schools and the education of these children, seven thousand nine hundred and forty-one Teachers. Nearly two thousand citizens bore the office and discharged the duties of School In- spectors in the supervision of this work, and more than twelve thousand district School officers were engaged in the manage- ment of the affairs of the separate districts. There is invested in School-houses and other School property, in the primary School districts of the State, as shown even in the partial returns, the magnificent sum of $1,505,616 34. The wages of the teachers of the Schools, last year, amount- ed to $461,286 50 ; and, if we add to this the amount paid to School officers, the cost of School library and books, and the ex- penses attendant upon maintaining children at School, the whole No. 1. 3 annual cost of our educational interest will fall but little short of one million of dollars, a sum greater than the entire aggre- gate of expenditures b/ the State government for all other purposes. An interest so costly and grand may well claim the attention of the law-makers of the State, even though we leave out of sight the mighty and transforming influences whic'i this Tast enginery of education is exerting upon all the spiritual and mental forces of the State, shaping the character, anima- ting the industry, and inspiring, with higher aims and more fruitful plans, the enterprize of the people. THE UNIVEESITY. The annual report of the Eegents, published in the appendix, exhibits the State University as in a very flourishing condition. Its eminent success and growing reputation are matters of State pride, while its influence upon our general educational interests is wide reaching and beneficial. It has proved a rich boon to our State and well merits the fostering care of the Legislature. I would refer to the several reports from the officers and visitors for a statement of its condition and wants. INCOEPORATED COLLEGES AND ACADEMIES. I have visited, the past year, as far as other duties would permit, the higher institutions of learning, and am happy, from personal observation, to report them in a healthful and prosper- ous condition. Though some of them are embarrassed for want of sufficient funds, they are prosecuting the work for which they were established, with a gratifying efficiency and success. It has been the settled policy of the State to furnish no direct pecuniary aid to private and denominational institutions of learning, and it is difficult to see how that policy can be departed from without opening the door to a wide and indiscriminate demand upon the State for material aid, not only for the institu- tions now existing, but for a multitude of others which would spring into being under the prospect of such aid. The wisest friends of these institutions have been unable to devise any general plan on which the State can safely grant them any 4 Doc. direct appropriation. But while thus prohibited from aiding in their support, the State cannot but look with approbation on the valuable work they are accomplishing for society at large and for the particular sections in which they are located. They constitute no small part of our facilities for higher education, and afford no small share of the higher grade of instruction given in the State. They have also performed a most important service in training large numbers of teachers for the Primary- Schools in their respective vicinities, and the State could illy afford to spare them from the system of Schools, of which they are really, though not nominally, a part. No intelligent citizen can refuse his admiration and sympathy for labors prosecuted with such a self-sacrificing and christian zeal, and which are so fruitful in public good. It is to be hoped that the liberality of private benefactors, and the generosity of large hearted lovers of learning may more than make up the lack of State bounty and give to these institutions the support|they deserve. Should it be deemed politic to establish Normal Classes in some of the high Schools of the State, under the direction of the State Board of Education, the services of these institutions might perhaps be made available for this important public use, and some slight aid be thus rendered them in return. The number of Colleges, of this denominational class, now in the State, is five, viz : Kalamazoo, Albion, Hillsdale, Olivet and Adrian Colleges. The number of incorporated Academies and Seminaries is eleven, two of which, the Detroit Female Semi- nary, and the Michigan Collegiate Institute, Jackson, were in- corporated this 3^ear, Much difficulty has been experienced in procuring from these Institutions the reports required by law. Those which have been received will be found in the appendix. NORMAL SCHOOL AND ACRICULTURAL COLLEGE. The Report of the State Board of Education, of which the Superintendent is ex officio, a member, will accompany this Re- port, and reference is made to that for all needful information. ^ • :^^o. i. 5^ concerning the condition and wants of those institutions which are under the care of the Board. Under the head of the Normal School, in his annual report for 1859, the Superintendent expressed an opinion adverse to the establishment of more State Normal Schools, on the grounds mainly, that our present liberally sustained and excellent insti- tution of this'class can be made to supply all present demands for a full course of normal education ; and that the large and increasing demand for a shorter course of instruction to fit teachers for the Primary Schools, can be more economically furnished otherwise, viz : by establishing teachers' classes in other institutions. In at least twenty of the Colleges and larger Union Schools, teachers' classes have been organized and instructed the past year. To give more efficiency and thorough- ness to this system of normal instruction, it is recommended ^ that the Superintendent of Public Instruction, with the advice and consent of the State Board of Education, be authorized to select such institutions as may be suitably located and other- wise adapted to this service, not exceeding one for each county, and prescribe a course of normal training and instruction for the Teacher's classes to be taught therein. These classes should be annually subjected to a careful examination by the Superin- tendent or by examiners appointed by him. By issuing series of printed questions at the time of each examination, the Super- intendent could easily determine the character of the examina- tion and make it uniform throughout the State. This would act as a strong incentive to the different institutions to do their work well, as no one would wish to fall behind others in the proficiency and success of its class. If, in addition, the authority were granted to the Superinten- dent to issue State certificates to the teachers who should have satisfactorily completed the prescribed course and should have given evidence of their fitness as teachers, it would furnish a strong inducement to those who wished to teach, to resort first to these classes for instruction. The State certificate would elevate their standing as teachers, and would also give them 6 Doc. facilities in securing employment. As the instruction of these classes, in a prescribed course, would necessarily involve some additional expense to the Schools providing it, some compensa- tion should be allowed them for this service. If the amount due the Primary School Fund from the sale of swamp lands^ under the law of 1858, could be appropriated to this important department of the Primary School interests, and the annual proceeds, which would not be less than $3,000 a year, appor- tioned among the several Schools, it would probably prove sufficient to induce the organization of as many classes as would be desirable to organize for the next two years. In distributing ' this fund, all abuse might be guarded against by requiring those entering the Teachers' Classes to sign a certificate of their intention to teach, similar to that given by the students of the State Normal School, and by making the final apportionment, or some part thereof, on the basis of the number who shall have satisfactorily completed the course. The best interests and further progress of the Primary Schools will absolute require some more ample means for the profes- sional education of teachers. The demand for better qualified teachers is yearly becoming greater and more imperative, and I can devise no plan more economical and efficient than the one proposed above. PRIMARY SCHOOLS. Inspectors' Reports for the School year ending the last Mon- day of Sept., 1860, have been received from six hundred and forty-eight townships and cities. This is 20 more than reported last year, and 43 more than tl e year previous. These reports afford the following statistics : No. of Districts entire and fractional, 4,094 " Graded or Union Schools, 94 " children between 4 and 18 years of age,. . 246,684 Whole number that attended School, 192,937 No. under 4 years of age that attended School,. . 2,409 No. over 18 " " " . . 10,768 No. 7. 7 Average number of months of Schools, ..6.2 No. of qualified male teachers employed, 2,599 female " " 5,342 Total number of teachers employed, t,941 Total amount paid for teachers' wages, $467,286 50 Proceeds of Primary School fund, apportioned,.. 108,823 62 Amount raised by two mill tax, 259,557 08 '' " district tax on scholar, 33,689 32 Whole amount raised by district taxes, 301,085 19 rate bill, 67,484 88. No. of Districts reporting free schools, 1,785. Value of School-houses and sites, $1,505,616 34 Amount raised to build or repair School-houses, . . 124,623 37 Value of apparatus and maps, 14,793 69 = No. of township libraries reported, 178 " volumes in township libraries, 57,535' " townships reporting District libraries, .... 395 " District libraries, 2,287 " volumes in District libraries, 99,979 Amount voted for libraries, $5,985 17 Received from fines, &c., for support of libraries, 6,375 77 No. of teachers examined in 604 towns,. . 6,619' " " licensed, 5,913; " meetings held by Inspectors to examine teachers in 604 townships, 2,392 Whole No. of meetings of Inspectors in 589 towns, 3,425 Amount paid Boards of Inspectors, • $5,680 52 No of visits made the schools in 481 towns, 4,506 Amount paid visiting Inspectors, $2,297 10 Several townships have made no reports. Their reports would somewhat increase the above figures. A great improve- ment has been made in the fulness and promptness of the re- ports over those of former years, but they still fail to afford complete and reliable returns under several of the heads. Of the townships reporting, 42 fail to report the two-mill tax ; 75 fail to report any library, either township or district ; 8 Doc. and seve'ral fail to report any teachers employed, any values of School property, or any item of Inspectors' services. The gross amount of district taxes raised, probably far exceeds the amount reported. The reports show a remarkable increase in several items over the previous year. The number of districts has increased 126. The increase in the number of children between 4 and 18 years of age, is 9,143. The increase in the number attending school, is 9,118. The increase in the average number of months of School is six-tenths, the average length of the Schools last year .w* being 5.6 months, while this year it is 6.2 months. This is cer- tainly a gratifying result. The number of districts reporting no rate bills, and which are therefore put down as free schools, is 1,T85, or more than two-fifths of all the districts in the State. The amount of money raised by rate bills is $3t,384 32 less than was thus raised in 1859. A much larger deduction may be expected the next year, many of the districts having assess- ed and collected rate bills on the winter schools, before the amount to be received from the two-mill tax was known. It is to be hoped that this item will soon nearly disappear from our reports. The amount raised to build or repair School-houses was $21,113 92 more than was raised for this purpose in 1859, while the increase in the value of the School property reported was $412,320 04. The amount now reported, $1,505,616 34, is probably a near approximation to the value of the Primary School-houses and sites in the State. «• The product of the two-mill tax, as reported, was $259,557.08. If to this is added the Primary School Interest money appor- tioned, the amount will be $367,876 99, or nearly $100,000 less than was paid for teachers' wages during the year. If, howev- er, we deduct from this difference the amounts raised by special tax, and paid to teachers in the cities and large Union School Districts, the result would show that the Primary Schools of the State might be made nearly or quite free, from these two sources, for nearly six months in the year. The amount paid No. t. 9 for teachers' wages, $467,286 50, is an increase of $31,965 23 over that paid the previous year. On the whole, the reports exhibit a gratifying growth in our School interests. The relative increase of this year, as com- pared with that of previous years, will be seen in the following tabular statement of the principal statistics of 1860, and tJie ten years next preceding : YEAR. No. of children between 4 & ISyrs. of age No. of children attending school. No. of Male Teachers. _2 is p.. %^ ■ '^ o o" 2 > s < B 02 • o ^ < P- >> •3 ■ Qj =: B^ < For building & repairing schoolhouses 1850 132.234 143,272 150,531 173.117 175^000 187,549 202,274 215,928 227,010 237,541 246,684 110,487 115,165 103,266 129,517 1,475 2,612 $155,469*30 125,063 62 237;827 15 S 32,318 75 69,085 37 37,833 36 63,763 42 $ 46,797 01 68 614 12 1851 1852 65,477 65 1863 80,904 89 185A 1855 142.307 153^116 162;936 173,594 183,759 192,937 1.600 i;775 2,131 2,326 2,444 2,599 3.474 31746 4^605 4.905 4. 068 5.344 5.5 6.0 6.7 6.0 5.6 6.2 295,231 29 353,077 76 423,129 22 442,227 37 435,321 27 467,286 50 83,932 84 100,009 49 121,651 14 118,099 89 104,869 20 67,484 88 137,120 69 1856 1857 161,350 91 1858 149,491 01 1859 1860 103,509 45 124,623 37 GRADED OR UNION SCHOOLS. The number of Graded or Union Schools in the State, as re- ported by the Inspectors, is ninety-four. Reports from several of these Schools will be found in the Appendix. There have been constructed within the past year, in several of the Union districts, large and beautiful School buildings, at a cost vary- ing from $5,000 to $15,000. The Union Schools are the High Schools of our State, and their increasing numbers are both the necessary means and the accurate measure of the progress of higher education among us. This progress of higher education, marks in turn, the gen- eral improvement in common School education and the eleva- tion in its standards. The increased efficiency and success of the common School creates at once the demand for the Union High School. Every facility thould be afforded, by law, to induce the villa- ges and more populous districts to organize graded Schools. It is elsewhere suggested in this report, that the law for graded Schools should be so amended as to permit Districts having 100 10 Doa children of legal school ages, to organize under it. A district having this number of children, will require two teachers, and whenever more than one teacher is employed, the work of gra- ding should begin. The Superintendent begs leave to refer to his report for 1859,, for a fuller statement of the argument for Union Schools, and of the conditions essential to their success. In confirmation of the views there advanced, and as a clear and forcible statement of the advantages of the system, I append the following quota- tions from a pamphlet, recently published, on the High School Policy of Massachusetts. It will be seen that the High Schools of Massachusetts are analagous tb the High School depart- ments of our Union Schools. "When the number of pupils in a given school, being of dif- ferent studies and attainments, becomes so great as to need two teachers, it is obviously best to divide that school on the basis of scholarship. One division is then a High School with refer- ence to the other. And when this one becomes so large as to necessitate another division, that division should also be made on the same principle as the first. Then the division embracing the pupils of the hightest attainments will constitute a High School in comparison with the other two. And it is reasonable to continue these divisions, elevating each High School higher and higher till one of two things is obtained. The process should continue till there are not pupils enough to constitute a still higher school, or till those wishing to pursue more advanced studies are prepared to leave for the scientific and professional school, or for college. Of the soundness of this policy of grading schools and classifying scholars accord- ing to studies and attainments, practical educators have no question. Indeed, most of the towns in the State have so graded and classified as to have their lower and upper schools ; that is, they have their High School. And this, each town or city has raised higher and higher, as expediency dictated." "This new era in our common school interests was inaugura- ted by the Board of Education, in 1837, and has been more No. 1. 11 hopefully opening to the present time. Such men as Everett and Sparks were members of the first Board, who marked out broader and brighter paths for the masses of the children of Massachusetts. And nobly has this new movement succeeded, as a few facts will show. ''During the progress of this new impulse to the cause of pop- ular education, the State has nearly doubled its population, with a proportionate increase of pupils. Yet the nuinber of acade- mies and private schools has fallen off one hundred and eleven, and the number of pupils in them has also decreased three thousand nine hundred and eighty-five. This is a significant fact, when we remember that while this decrease has been going on, the number of pupils in the State has nearly doubled. Of course, there has been a corresponding and very happy reaction in favor of the free schools. During this time about one hund- red High Schools have been established, free to all, and doubir less, receiving many or the most of those four thousand pupils who have fallen off from the private schools. The average ap- propriation of money per scholar through the State has risen from $2.62, in 183t, to $5.82, in 185t. Another item of auspicious change should go into this record. In 1835, $80,000 were ex- pended in the State on the public School-houses. But in 1855,, this sum rose to $588,213 55. "Here, then, we have about one hundred free High Schools springing up in the place of one hundred and eleven private^ Schools and Academies discontinued, an appropriation of more tlian double the amount of public money per scholar, and the money expended on public School-houses increased more than seven fold. And of the character of these High Schools the present Secretary of the Board of Education, Ex-Governor Boutwell, says, "they have furnished a better practical educa- tion than could have been obtained thirty years ago in any in- stitution in Massachusetts." "The historical and documentary evidence now presented, reveals the true intent of the State policy and purpose. It is- to offer to all the children of the Commonwealth, without re- 12 Doc. gard to wealth, or family, or social grade, or religious distinc- tion, free, equal, and the best school advantages that can be had before entering the College or Professional School. To do this, it is the policy and wish to establish the High School wherever the population, location, and just patronage will war- rant, and to make it such as to draw to its support those con- tributions of children, friends and interest, that have heretofore gone abroad, and so impoverished the School of the people. The aim is to make it both the interest and the pleasure of the rich to share with the poor, what they expend for school advan- tages on their own more fortunate children. The aim is to unite public and private educational outlays for a common good, and at the same time make each party more prosperous by the union, than either could be separate. For the last thirty years, this has been the policy of the friends of education in Massachusetts, and yearly it has gained confidence and vigor by its utility. " Says the Hon. Mr. Boutwell, in his report, as Secretary, for the year 1856, " All should be convinced, if possible, that pub- lic schools, except for strictly professional culture, are at once more beneficial, and economical. * * * Private or select schools do not thrive, except such as are professional in their character, or amply endowed, where the public schools are what they ought everywhere to be. And where such public schools exist, the}^ furnish better education, within the limits occupied, than can be furnished by any private school." It is apparent that a town of two, four or six thousand inhabitants, can edu- cate its children cheaper, when it employs but one system, than it can when it employs two," the public and the private. "The existence of private schools to do the work ordinarily done in the public schools is strong evidence that the latter are not what they ought to be." "The cost is an important question. The reasonable de- mands for money by direct taxation make it imperative that the expense of a High School be carefully considered by any town proposing it. The annual cost of an ordinary school of /^ No. 1. 18 this kind, is from ten to twelve hundred dollars. In towns of three thousand inhabitants, the annual amount of taxes is about $10,000. So the cost of the school to each tax-payer would be about one-tenth of his entire bill. In 1853, twenty- three towns in eastern Massachusetts, and the most, if not all of them, supporting a High School, paid the average of $6 96 in taxes for all purposes on every thousand dollars of taxable property. In a town paying this rate of tax, a man would pay from seventy to ninety cents on every thousand dollars, for which he is taxed, in supporting an ordinary High School. If he pays but a poll-tax, the school costs him nothing. ''Now here is revealed a system of vast economy to a town. For a fair High School answers all the purposes of an Acade- my, while the expense of a pupil sent from home to an Acad- emy will average more than $200 per annum. And so a town sending but ten pupils away to school sends out of town twice the amount of money necessary to procure similar advantages for forty or fifty children at home in a High School. And yet many towns that feel unable to support a High School, keep from ten to thirty children constantly out of town at school. And their attainments in scholarship, are no better than they would be in a good High School at home. It is true in the es- timated expenses of the child at the Academy, board is inclu- ded, which must also be furnished if he study at home. But a parent well knows that the cost of board and outfit for a schol- ar at home, is trifling, and scarcely felt, compared with the raising of that amount of money to be sent away with the child. "And so the economy of the system in question is seen to be vast, even if all who wish the advantages of a High School are able to send their children abroad. Yet as matter of fact, but a small portion of the parents can afford to do this. ''With such, a good education is the principal, if not the only inheritance that they can give their children. That education must be a large part of the capital, the stock in trade, with which the child will enter the walks of business. If this edu- z^' 14 Doc. cation be restricted to the rudiments of the ordinary district school, that child cannot compete to advantage with the one who has had the superior preparations of the Academy for the higher grades of business. The parent may wish most earnest- ly to send the child abroad a year. Perhaps in his straitened circumstances he may eke out the means to send his boy or girl away for on'e term. Now the cost for that term would pay his taxes on $2,000 for a High School for for'ty years! And if he have the family of John Rogers, the martyr, and graduate them all at the High School, the tax will be no more than for a r<^ solitary child. And here we see the parental kindness of the State, toward the poor, in both allowing and requiring a town of five hundred families to support a High School. The State thus gives to the poor the power to confer on their children at home as good an education, excepting a collegiate and profess- ional one, as the rich can find for theirs abroad. And hence, Mr. Mann has so truthfully said, that the State offers the High School ' especially to the children of the poor, who cannot in- cur the expenses of a residence from home in order to attend such a school.'" S'JHOOL TAXES. By an act passed February 15, 1859, the supervisors of the several townships of the State were ordered to assess, annually, a tax of two mills upon each dollar of taxable property in their respective townships, for the support of schools. The proceeds of this tax, except so much thereof as^might be voted for libra- ries at the township meetings, was declared to belong to the districts in which it was raised. It was believed that this tax would adequately sustain the Schools, and it was, therefore, voted to repeal the law which authorizes the several districts to raise the additional tax of a dollar or less for each scholar But, by accident, the repealing clause was not engrossed, and hence failed to become a law. The per capita tax on the scholar is, therefore, still legal, and was voted by a large number of districts the past year. No. 1. 15 This subject of school taxes will demand the serious attention of the Legislature. It is generally believed that an absolute township tax is better than a district tax to be voted annually by the legal voters of the district. Much dissatisfaction is created in the districts, and bitter strifes arise often between the advocates of a large tax and those who would make it less, which disturb the peace and not unfrequently destroy the pros- perity of the Schools. The returns of the last School year show that the two mill tax, if its proceeds can be distributed on some equitable plan, will support free Schools for the three months, required by the Constitution, even in the newer counties, while in the older and more populous counties it will make the Schools free for six, and sometimes even nine months in the year. If it should be determined to repeal the section authorizing the dollar a scholar tax, some compensating provision should be made for such districts in the newer counties as may require it, and also for the smaller class of Union Schools which not hav- ing 200 scholars, cannot organize under the graded School law, but, nevertheless, have the longer and more expensive terms of School and the higher grade of instruction common in the Union Schools. To meet the wants of this latter class, it will be suffi- cient to amend the graded school law so as to authorize districts having 100 children between the ages of four and eighteen years to organize under it. The wants of the former class would be met by authorizing each District Board to make an estimate of the amount needed, in addition to the public money to be received, to support the School six months, and to report such estimate to the Supervi- sor to be assessed on the property of the District. A District tax thus levied would awaken no strifes, and create no ill will, but would allow of the raising of just the amount needed to maintain the Schools. APPORTIONMENT OF PUBLIC MONEYS. Much trouble has been experienced in devising plans for an equal and just apportionment of proceeds of School taxes. The 16 Doc. wide disparity of the different Districts in respect to wealth and population, the varying* length of their annual terms of School, and the unavoidable differences in the kind and cost of teaching- required, render difiicult the adoption of any general plan which will equalize the benefits and burdens of the Schools. Our present plan of distribution is eminently bad and un- equal. The distribution to each district of the amount raised therein, makes the tax really a district tax. It simply levies an absolute and unvarying tax of two mills upon each dollar of taxable property in the district, without regard to the wealth of the people, or the size and cost of their School. The result is that many districts raise more money than they know how to use, while others are forced to curtail their school terms, or are burdened with heavy rate bills for tuition. The only plausible plea for this plan, is the seeming equity of allowing each dist^ rict the sole benefit of its own taxes. The same rule carried another step, would return to each tax-payer the amount he had paid, and all taxation for education would be at an end. But if, as the common sense of the country has decided, property may rightfully be taxed to pay for that education which lends to property its chief values, and surrounds it with its best safeguards, then certainly the proceeds of the school tax should be so apportioned as best to secure the purposes for which it was raised. A particular district can no more claim to receive the exact amount it has paid, than a single citizen can demand again the moneys collected from him. The two mill tax was designed to be a township tax, and should be equitably apportioned to the support of all the schools in the township. The former plan of distributing the proceeds of the mill tax to the districts, in proportion to the number of children to be educated, was better, but even this failed to meet equally the wants of the districts, since the expenses of the Schools are never in the direct ratio of the number of children. The district with fifteen scholars must have one teacher, while the district with fifty wants no more than one. It is true that the former No. 1. n may get its teacher for less wages, having less work to do ; but the ratio of the wages in the two districts will never be as fifteen to fifty. Were it possible to make our districts nearly equal in population, then an apportionment on the scholar would afford equal aid to each; but such an arrangement of districts is simply impossible. There are tracts of territory so sparsely populated that it is impossible to find more than twelve or fifteen children within the nine sections of land allowed by law, in a district, while others will show a hundred children living on a single section. It is demanded, alike by sound pol- icy and by a wise philanthropy, that some more adequate pro- vision than now exists shall be made for the smaller and weak- er districts of the State. In New York and several other States the plan has been adopted of dividing one-third, or some similar proportion, of the public moneys equally among the districts, without reference to their size or population. The remaining two-thirds is then ap- portioned on the population or number of children of school ages. After a careful consideration of the whole subject, and a special examination of the statistics of the school districts of our State to ascertain the applicability of this system to our circumstances, I unhesitatingly recommend it to the Legisla- ture for adoption. To illustrate its operation, let two districts, one of sixty scholars, and the other of twenty, be taken as an example : An apportionment on the scholar which would give the larger dist- rict $90, would at the same time give the smaller one only $30. The former, paying its teacher $20 a month, would have 4J months of free school ; the latter could at the same wages have only IJ months' school. Should it be able, on account of its smaller numbers, to obtain a teacher for $12 a month, it would still have only 2^ months of free school. But suppose that of the $120 of public money paid to both districts, $40, or one- third should be divided equally between them, and the remain- ing two-thirds be apportioned on the number of children. The 18 Doc. larger district would then receive $80, and the smaller $40. The former could still have 4 months school, at $20 a month, while the latter might have its 3 J months, at $12 a month. The balance would still be in favor of the larger district, but the smaller would have received aid somewhat more proportionate to its needs. Would our State consent to abolish the present system of districts, and adopt in the place of it, the township school sys- tem, making each township a school organization, with a town- ship Board of School officers, empowered to receive the school moneys and to support the schools of the township therewith, this whole difficulty of equitable apportionments would at once disappear. The schools would be lifted at once above the blighting influence of neighborhood jealousies and strifes, would oftener be entrusted to wise and competent boards, and could be thoroughly systematized, in respect to teachings, text books, and gradation. The towns of Massachusetts are voluntarily returning to this, which was the earliest system of that State, nearly 100 of 333 towns having already adopted it. In Penn- sylvania and Ohio, a similar system has been established by law. It is in many respects the most efficient system of school organization yet tried. STATE teachers' INSTITUTES. There were held, under the personal direction of the Super- intendent of Public Instruction, the past year, eight Institutes, each continuing in session ten working days. The total num- ber of teachers instructed in these Institutes was twelve hun- dred and fifty-one, and the total public expenditures for the same were $1,300. The following is a detailed statement of the places at which they were held, the time of beginning, and the attendance at each : No. T. 19 SPRING SERIES. ArrENDANCE. Gentl'm'n Ladies. Total. At Oxford, beginning March 19, At Marshall, " " 26, At Hastings, " April 2, 86 66 39 32 81 36 34 42 124 88 104 109 146 101 5t 106 210 154 143 At Portland, '' " 9, AUTUMN SERIES. At Romeo, beginning August 2Y, . At Birmingham, " Sept. 3, 141 221 137 At Corunna, " " 10, 91 At Otsego, " " 11, 148 Totals, 416 835 1,251 The enrolled attendance at the ten Institutes held in 1859, was on 1,248. This increased attendance affords a gratifying proof of the growing interest felt in these gatherings. The following gentlemen delivered evening lectures or gave instructions in the Institutes : Rev. H. Tappan, and Frof. D. Wood, of the University ; Profs. Welch, Sill, Dudley, Carey, Mayhew, Foote, and Mr. John Goodison, of the Normal School ; Rev. Dr. Stone, and Prof. E. Olne^^, of Kalamazoo College ; Prof. Hosford, of Olivet College ; Prof. J. Estabrook, of Ypsilanti Seminary ; Rev. S. A. Taft, of Oxford Institute : Prof. Kellogg, of Monroe Young Ladies' Seminary ; H. C. Knight, Esq., Rev. Dr. Hogarth, and Dr. Oilman, of Detroit ; Rev. D. J. Poor, of Dickinson Institute ; Rev. Mr. Hurd, of Romeo ; Rev. S. N. Hill, of Birmingham ; Prof. Ripley, of Jackson ; U. Gregory, Esq., of Commercial College, Kalamazoo ; and Prof. A. R. Dunton and Lady, of Boston, Mass. I have to acknowledge my obligations for the ready and valuable co-operation, not only of the lecturers and teachers above named, but also of the Press and School- officers of the several counties in v/hich the Institutes were held. Thanks are also due to many others for valuable services rendered. Citizens of all classes, without regard to sect or party, although it was a year of high political excitements, manifested the warmest interest in the proceedings, and contri- buted freely by their presence and their hospitalities to the gen- 20 Doc. eral success. In nearly every case, free homes were provided for most if not of all the teachers. The value of these gatherings, both as agencies for the train- ing of teachers, and as occasions for cultivating a more enlight- ened and earnest educational sentiment among the people, has been eloquently expressed by the chief educational ofl&cers in every State in which they have been held. They reach a class of teachers that the Normal School can never benefit, because their employment as teachers is too temporary and uncertain to lead them to seek its instructions ; and they accomplish in the open fieldworh of our educational system what no other agency can accomplish. Their great utility has been openly and warmly commended by all classes of citizens. Said an intelligent School inspector, after attending the exercises for several days, "the State ought to provide means to have these institutes go on throughout the year. There are villages enough that would be glad to entertain them." The number of applications for the Institute^ has steadily increased, and it is impossible to reach, in any one year, all the places from which requests are received. After careful reflection and full consultation with several of the leading educationists of the State, I have concluded to ask the Legislature to so modify the Institute law, as to allow the Institutes to be held for one week each, in the discretion of the Superintendent. They are required now to be held ten working days each. The reasons for the change asked are mainly these : 1st. A session of one week would accomplish at least three- fourths of the good that can be done in the ten days. 2d. Many teachers would be induced to attend a session of one week who cannot, or will not afford, the longer time. 3d. The tax upon the hospitality of the places where the Institutes are held would be less. The session closing on Sat- urday, the families would be left to their own quiet again on the Sabbath, and the hospitality which must now be sometimes felt to be burdensome would be easy and agreeable. 4:th. Finally a much larger number of Institutes can be held No. T. ■ 21 and their benefits be thus more widely extended through the State. SUPEEVISION OF THE SCHOOLS. It does not appear that any attempts were ever made, before the last year, to secure returns of the labors of the School In- spectors, and of the amounts paid in the State for the inspec- tion of teachers and schools. In the Inspectors' reports for 1860, blanks were prepared for these items, and the following is the summary of returns: Of the 653 townships sending School reports, 604 make reports under the heads for Inspec- tors' statistics ; but of these, a considerable number fail to re- port upon each head required. The 604 towns reporting the meetings held to examine teachers, give 2,392 meetings. The number of teachers examined was 6,619 ; of whom, 5,913 re- ceived certificates. The whole number of meetings of Inspec- tors held, was 3,425. Only 458 towns report the expense of these meetings, and in those towns the amount was $5,680 52, or an average of $12 40 for each town. In 481 towns reporting any visits to schools, the number of such visits was 4,506. The sums paid the visiting Inspectors is given for only 3t2 towns, and amounted in those towns to $2,29t 10, being an av- erage of $6 lt| for each town. The total cost of Inspectors' services, for the entire State, at these average rates, would be $12,129 42 a year. The opinion is rapidly gaining ground throughout the State, and no where faster than among Inspectors themselves, that our present system of supervision is radically defective. Eequiring* but a temporary service, and ofi'ering but a meager remunera- tion, it either fails to command the service of qualified men, or finds them too busily engaged in their own affairs, to bestow the necessary time and attention upon the Schools. There are many excellent and zealous Inspectors in the State, but it can hardly be expected that such men will be found in every town- ship, and still less that the chances of a popular election will bring them into office. An adequate and really valuable supervision of our Schools, n Doc. would require that well qualified and experienced men be em- ployed, and that they devote themselves wholly to this work. This will demand, 1st, That a sufficient territory be embraced in the district of each inspecting officer, to occupy his whole time, or such as he can superintend ; and, 2d, That he be paid a salary that will compensate him for his time and work. Pennsylvania elects one Superintendent for each County ; New York one for each Assembly District. This system of County or District Superintendents, has been heartily approved by the leading educationists of the whole country, and numer- ous public meetings and prominent citizens have pronounced in its favor in our own State. That our plan of supervision should be changed, is alike demanded by sound economy, and by the best interests of our Schools. The large outlays for education in the State might easily be made twice as productive as they now are, by some system which should introduce more life and efficiency into the Schools. Thousands upon thousands of dollars are wasted, annually, upon Schools v/hich, through the inexperience or incompetency of teachers, work more injury than good to the children who are so unfortunate as to attend them. Our Schools, it is to be feared, are not generally yielding the product in edu- cated mind and sound learning which they ought. An active, energetic, and critical supervision would drive the incompetent teachers out, and quicken the competent to more successful efforts. The county that pays $20,000 annually for teachers'' wages, would have better Schools, and get more for its money, if it would pay $1,000 of the sum to an intelligent and efficient Superintendent who should see that the remainder was properly expended, or that the teachers' employed by it performed skill- fully and faithfully their labors. Should the Legislature determine upon the adoption of some system of county or district Superintendency, the following points will require careful consideration : 1st. The selection of well qualified officers. This is vitally essential to the success of the system, and will be best secured No. 7. 23 by vesting the power of choice in some competent board who may carefully deliberate and appoint only after full consulta- tion. The choice of a county Superintendent should no more be left to the contingencies of a popular election than the choice of a teacher should. In the one case as in the other, the private character and personal qualifications of the man are the essen- tial conditions of success in the work to be done, and these per- sonal characteristics and qualities are to be known only by a personal examination and inquiry, such as the mass of voters have no opportunity to inake. The duties of the county Super- intendent are no set routine of official acts which any man of sufficient ability, may perform, without having any special fitness for the task, but like the work of a teacher, they vary a^d change with every day and every district, and can only be successfully met by that personal tact and power which nature and ripe experience alone can give. His business is a vocation rather than an office, and I would as soon expect good Schools when the teachers were nominated at a political caucus and elected at a township election, as a successful superintendency with a Superintendent chosen in the same way. As the Constitution requires that one School Inspector shall be chosen annually in each township, the number of Inspectors- might be reduced to one, and his duties be made simply concur- rent with those of the Superintendent. I would suggest that these township Inspectors be required to meet once in two years ' at the County Seat and elect a Superintendent of Schools whc should be required to be a man of competent learning and of practical skill and experience in the art of teaching. They might also be allowed to fix the salary, under the requirement that it should not be less than $600 a year in counties having 16 organized townships, nor less than $400 in counties having at least 10 organized townships. For smaller counties the salary to be paid might be left to their discretion, while in the largest counties, provision might be made for two Superinten- dents. Should it be required that the officers thus selected should be 24 Doc. commissioned by the Superintendent of Public Instruction, as in Pennsylvania, and be made subject to removal by him on complaint of the citizens of the county, and on proof of incom- petency or unfaithfulness, a still further safeguard would be thrown around the office. 2. The Powells and Duties of the Office. The chief duties of tli8 County Superintendent would be to examine and license i;eacbers, and to visit and examine schools, and he should have the sole power to grant and revoke licenses. He may also have ^concurrent power with the township Inspectors, in the duty of •establishing or changing the boundaries of Districts. He should receive and transmit the township Inspectors' reports, and should also himself report annually to the Superintendent of Public Instruction. A careful and plain adjustment of his au- thority will be important to the success of his work. DISTRICT AND TOWNSHIP LIBRARIES. Reports of Libraries were received the past year from 5t3 townships: or 36 more than reported libraries the previous year. Of these townships lt8 report township libraries, containing in the aggregate 5t,535 volumes, being an average of 323 volumes in each library. District Libraries are reported in 395 town- ships. The number of District libraries reported is 2,287, hav- ing an aggregate of 99,9t9 volumes, an average of 48 volumes to each District. In the townships reporting District Libraries, many Districts fail to report. The whole number of volumes in the libraries reported is 15t,514, an increase of 14,006 vol- umes over the number reported the preceding year. Only 133 townships report any appropriation from the two mill tax for libraries. The amount thus appropriated was $5,985 It. The amount reported as received from fines, &c., for the support of libraries, was $6,375 7T. This department of our educational interests will require the especial attention of the Legislature. By the law of 1859, the townships were required to vote at the township elections held in the Spring of that year, on the question of the division of :N'o. 1. 25 the township libraries among the Districts. The law was approved the loth of February, and the election was held the first Monday in April following. The interval was too brief to permit a thorough notification of the townships, and in many the vote was not taken while in others the vote was extremely light, and the result not satisfactory to the majority of the people. Considerable difiiculty arises from the prevalence of this mixed system, partly township and partly District. Many frac- tional Districts belong to adjoining townships having the differ- ent systems, the one, township libraries, and the other District, and it has been difi&cult to adjust equitably the rights of such Districts. As the voice of the people of the State has been given largely in favor of District Libraries, and as this system is certainly more in consonance with our School system, and better adapted to the educational purposes for which these libraries were mainly intended, I would recommend that the township Inspectors be required by law, whenever the majority of the Districts in any township shall so decide by vote, at any annual District meeting, to divide the Township Library among the several Districts of the township. In changing the mill tax to a tax of two mills, the Legisla- ture of 1859 directed that instead of the $25 for each township annually set apart by law, from the former tax, for the support of libraries, only so much of the proceeds of the two mill tax should be used for this purpose, as the voters of each township should annually determine at the township meeting. It is evi- dent that our library system must soon go to decay and final extinguishment if left to so uncertain and precarious a support. Even the Schools themselves would soon fall in many cases, in- to ruin, if left to depend for maintenance on such a contin- gency. Sound policy requires that some certain and suiBficieut portion of the school moneys shall be designated annually, for the pur" chase of books for tlie libraries, unless we would see this im- 26 Doc. portant arm and branch of our educational system become ex- tinct. While some of the towns have voted a liberal appropri- ation for the libraries, amounting in some cases to nearly $300, in other cases they have voted farcical amounts ; but in the great majority of the townships, nothing at all was voted, and in very many no vote was taken. At least one-tenth of the income from the two mill tax should be set apart for the libraries, and each district might be allow- ed to vote an additional amount, after providing for at least three months of free school. Many districts the past year would have gladly made such an appropriation from their sur- plus funds if the the law had permitted it. Great complaint is made that the proceeds of fines and pen- alties collected for the breach of the penal statutes, and which the Constitution itself devotes to the libraries, are either ille- gally retained by the officers collecting them, or misappropria- ted to other purposes. The Supreme Court has decided that the " clear proceeds " of such fines, &c., which the law appro- priates to the purchase of books, means and includes the total amount collected, and that this amount cannot be legally di- minished by the costs of suits, or the cost of collection. Should all the fines collected in the State be scrupulously devoted as- the law and the Constitution require, there would be little need of providing any other library fund. Although many districts seem still indifferent to the use or fate of their libraries, there is evidently a great awakening of public interest in the matter within the past two years, and the Department is in the receipt of numerous letters showing that a much more healthful public sentiment is beginning to prevail. No reflecting mind can doubt the usefulness and importance of good libraries. The very abundance of the light literature that floods the country in the shape of trashy novels and novel like papers and magazines, renders the diffusion of goods books the more important and necessary. The old master-pieces of thought and learning, the standard histories of the language, the tales of the great travelers, the genial and elegant literature of our No. t. 27, most refined authors, the poetry and eloquence and song, the great lessons in simple words written by our ablest writers for children, in short, all the purer and more permanent, all the in- structive and ennobling, all that inspires the heart with better purposes and the soul with higher aims, — all this is in danger of being lost sight of and forgotten amid the never ending crowd of serials of which no man can tell the end from the be- ginning, and of wonder books of which the chief wonder is that any one should ever be so foolish as either to write or read them, and of which the readers are but little more benefitted than the asses in the prophet's fable, which snufied up the east wind. But while the villages and adjacent districts need good libra- ries for the reason just given, in a large proportion of the rural districts there is a real dearth of books. In all the newer counties is this especially true. The pioneer does not often go near the book store, and counts that books are less necessary than bread. Till his farm is paid for and cleared, he feels scarcely able to indulge in the luxury of a library, however small. He considers it much if he can get for his children the brief schooling afibrded at his District School, and does not, perhaps, reflect that their minds must be fed with knowledge as well as exercised with study, if they are to grow in wisdom and strength. This dearth of good books is more to be deplored on the account of the children than on that of the adult population. With no attractive books at hand, their evenings are spent in amusements that do not improve either manners or morals, or in tale telling that fosters the superstition without enlightening the understanding. And what is equally to be regretted, their youth passes without their having formed that taste for reading- which is at once the surest source and pledge of a life-long^ intelligence, and the ever ready means of a pure and enduring pleasure. It is a great misfortune to child or man, not to have formed the habit or gained the ability, to sit down quietly with a good book, and find in its pages all needed and pleasant companionship for the hour, to long for the time when he may 28 Doc. return to it as to a feast, and forget, amid its tales or teachings, the busy cares and manifold anxieties of his lot. I am aware that many of our people prefer that the proceeds of the School taxes shall be all appropriated to the payment of t-eachers' wages ; but this is because they do not reflect that books, too, are teachers, the cheapest, and, oftentimes, the best of all teachers. They iiave not considered that the ten dollars laid out annually for good books, may perhaps contribute as much towards the real education of their children as the hun- dred dollars spent to employ a teacher ; or rather they have not yet learned that the teacher and library are co-workers and necessary helpmeets. The teacher teaches to read, and the library furnishes reading — the teacher teaches to think, and the library furnishes the richfest food and the widest fields for thought — the teacher awakens the intellect, disciplines its powers, and developes the childish mind into manly stature and strength ; the library furnishes that intellect the readiest tools and richest materials for its work — the knowledge from which it may weave its opinions, the facts upon which it must found its arguments and the reasonings by which it may correct its judgments. Our Schools might not unwisely abridge their terms one of the six months during which they are now taught, in the average, and expend the month's wages in books for the libraries, rather than permit those libraries to go unreplenished. The five months of School, with a good library in the School- house, or not too far away, would make better scholars, even in reading, spelling, and arithmetic, than the six months of School without it. I subjoin some of the opinions and statements collected from letters received at the office. An intelligent Director in one of the older Counties writes: "There is a general apathy on the part of parents. Youug persons and children manifest a great anxiety to read, and would still more, if we had an interesting variety." • After stating that the township meeting refused to make any appropriation, he says : No. 1. 29 "With respect, to the other fund for libraries, viz.: the fines in the County, there is just reason to complain. I find almost universally, in the County where Justices of the Peace collect fines, they appropriate the money to pay costs directly, (rob- bing Peter to pay — themselves,) because, forsooth, it saves so much trouble and cost. It is a robbery of the library funds, and should be corrected. For two years past, there has accu- mulated about seventy-five cents for this district, by way of fines. "I think the District system preferable, and better calculated to create an interest generally." A Director in Hillsdale County presents the following con- olusions : " 1st. It will require (in our district) an expenditure, annually, of about ten dollars to keep the library sound and new. "2d. If the fine money (of which we get none) will not, when faithfully applied, amount to that sum, other appropria- tions should be made ; and the two mill tax is, perha,ps, the ap- propriate fund. " 3. To feel pecuniarily the expense of maintaining the library, will very materially enhance the interest of the joint owners of ihe same ; as all Yankees are bound to get the worth of their money in some luay. "4th. To keep the library at the school house would promote reading by the scholars, and a consequent greater waste, from use." A Director in Saginaw county says : "Forty-seven volumes have been added [District Library] this year, at a cost of $^0 00 ; and better books than fifty dol- lars worth ever selected by the Inspectors of the township, un- der the former arrangement. " Our library is kept at the School-house, and we are better pleased with its locality than to have it at the Clerk's office, to be handled and hauled every year, or four times a year, around the outskirts of the township. "As far as 1 am personally acquainted with these matters, I 30 Dae. think that the district library system is far the most convenient, economical and beneficial, of any which has heretofore been in use. As fast as we need books, a part of the two mill tax may be voted, say one hundred dollars, every three years, or oftener, if it should be thought advisable by the electors at township meeting's. In a few 3/ears trial, the people can better judge of the utility of the present system. The opposers are always against building new School-houses, or raising money for any improvement, in townships or school districts, Hence, they tell you a small log hut "is as good for a school-room as any that can be built," and that " children can learn as fast in a small, uncomfortable room, as in the best mansion." And furthermore our district cannot pay a librarian for keeping the books in his house, and the School-house is not convenient, all the room be- ing occupied by a few scholars and stove. "Now I would simply remark that our books are worth four times as much as any which have been selected by the School Inspectors of our township at the same cost. And lastty, but not least, every person can have a book by traveling not more than two miles, while many travel seven miles to get to the Clerk's office." An active Director in Ingham county, writes : "We regard books — good books — as one of the best means of promoting intelligence among the young, and would sugg-est the propriety of allowing each School District, at its annual meetings, to set apart such a share of the two-mill tax for library purposes, as the voters at such meeting shall think proper." A Director, in Kalamazoo county, writes as follows : "In regard to the comparative interest in the township and district libraries, I would state that, under the township system, in our district there was no interest at all. The Director would not exchange the books sometimes for a year, and when he did, but very few were drawn and fewer read. "But under the district system, quite an interest is taken. The best illustration I can give, is the vote of our last annual No. 1. 31 meeting, with but one dissenting voice, to raise ten dollars for library books, and I might say, that last year it was nearly the same. "In regard to the two mill tax, I should think, from the inter- est shown at the annual meetings, tliey would be in favor of a certain portion of the tax to be expened for library purposes. " The support of the library, in my estimation, should be left entirely to the districts themselves. Then the money is ex- pended where it is raised, and the people will take more inter- est in it. Leaving the subject to the voters at town meetings, is leaving it in poor hands: at least it is in our tov/n, for there was no vote upon it the present year." THE JOURNAL OF EDUCATION. This periodical has continued to be sent to the district Direc- tors, during the year, at an expense of sixty cents for each district. Ji large amount of official matter has been published in its pages, and has reached the School officers much more certainly and cheaply than it would have done, if issued in separate circulars. Some failures in the regular circulation and receipt by the directors, have unavoidably occurred among so large a number, but these failures bear no comparison to those that would have occurred in sending the same number of circulars to the districts b}' mail. The district officers have come to look regularly for the Journal, and much interest is manifested in it by all those who feel any interest in their du- ties as School officers, and the multiplied letters of School di- rectors, asking answers to be sent through it, evidence a steady increase of interest in its receipt. The correspondence through its pages, of the Superintendent with the School officers, has proved a great relief to the Depart- ment, while it is believed to have been of great use to the pub- lic School interests. The circulars sent through it, if sent in separate form, would, with the postage, have cost the State one-third of the entire expense of sending the Journal, and if the cost of other valuable official matter sent out, be added, the 32 Doc. amount would swell to full one-half of the entire State subscrip- tion. The amount for each district is so small, and the conven- ience to the Department, in having a means of constant and ready communication with the 12,000 district officers, is so use- ful and important, that the Superintendent would earnestly deprecate any repeal of the provision for this public service. It should, perhaps, be remarked that the Journal is the prop- erty of the State Teacher's Association. It was edited the past year, gratuitously, by several prominent educators, and the en- tire net proceeds went into the Treasury of the Association, to be paid out again for lectures and publications promotive of the educational interests of the State. SCHOOL APPARATUS. The reports of outline maps and other school apparatus are much more complete than for previous years, but there are, pro- bably, considerable numbers of districts having apparatus which do not report it. A portion of the districts in 408 town- ships, report apparatus and maps of the value of $14,793 69. The amount reported last year was $8,000 55. No provisions of law are made for the purchase of apparatus in districts hav- ing less than fifty children of legal school ages. It is difficult to say whether it was thought that smaller districts than this do not need apparatus, or that they are too poor to pay for it. The former supposition would be as absurd as the latter is un- just. The law now allows districts having over fifty children, to vote fifty dollars in any one year, for apparatus. I can see no good reason why this permission should not be extended, with, perhaps, a diminished amount, to all the districts of the State. No School should be without some illustrative appara- tus, and the many important additions made, of late years, to the apparatus manufactured for Schools, as well as its greater cheapness, which brings it within the means of the smaller and less wealthy districts, render it increasingly desirable that those- districts shall be permitted the same privileges accorded by law to the larger ones. Ko. 7. 33 EDUCATIONAL FUNDS. For all information as to the condition and increase of the Educational Funds, the Superintendent in indebted to the seye- ral financial officers of the government. The Primary School Fund derived from the sale of the Pri- mary School Lands, amounted, the 30th day of November last, to $1,684,394 38, being an increase of $28,067 15 during the financial year. There were sold within the year 5103.50 acres of Primary school lands, in excess of the forfeitures. Of the Primary School Fund, $697,625 97 are held in trust by the State, and the balance $986,769 41 is due from purchasers of the lands. The income from the fund for the year was $115,813 30. There were sold during the year, of the University lands, 484 . 44 acres. The income from the fund for the last year was for interest and penalty $18,908 48 ; interest due from State $17,989 99 ; total $36,898 47. The sales of Normal School lands in 1860 was 160 acres. The total income from the Normal School Fund for the year was $4,385 75. STATE REFORM SCHOOL. The annual reports of the Board of Control and of the officers of this intitution, will be found among the documents appended to the Superintendent's report. Reference is made to those reports for the annual statistics. From a personal observation of the condition of the School, I am happy to state the belief that it is doing its humane and reformatory work with much efficiency and success. A similar institution for girls is much needed. EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION. I have indicated, under their appropriate heads, the several principal changes needed in our school laws. Among these the establishment of the county Superintendency is the only radical, reform. The other changes are designed to perfect and give efficiency to the school system already in operation. .34 Doc. No. t. It is left to the Legislature to determine how many of these changes are at present practicable, and how many may be per- fected at the present session. In conclusion, I would express the hope that these topics will receive that share of time and attention at the hands of the Legislature, which their great importance to the whole people of the State demands. It has too often happened that merely private claims and local legis- lation have, by their importunity, engrossed day after day of the sessions of our legisture, while not more than six or ten hours out of the whole forty days have been devoted to matur- ing this great system of educational institutions and agencies which lie at the root and nourish the growth of all the grand interests of society and the State. Several other topics, touching the general condition and pro- gress of the Schools, in their interior workings, had been as- signed a place in this report, but the length to which the report has already extended, and the pressing demands of other official duties, require their adjournment to another occasion. JOHN M. GREGORY, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Lansing, Dec. 15, I860. Note. Since the foregoing report was in type, Inspectors' reports from several additional townships have been received. The summary of Statistics reported by them will be intro- duced in the abstracts at the close of the volume, and will vary the figures in those abstraote from those given in the Superintendent's report. APPENDIX. AISTl^UAL KEPOET OF THE STATE BOAED OF EDUCATIOIT. 'The State Board of Education, though not thus commanded by law, deem it due to the Institutions under their care and to the people of the State at large, to make an annual report of their doings, and of the condition and progress of the Schools committed to their trust. The meetings of the Board during the year 1860 were seven in number, and were held as follows, viz : At Lansing, February 1st ; at Ypsilanti, April 10th ; at Lansing, July 3d ; at Ypsilanti, July 18th ; at Detroit, October 4th ; at Lansing, October 30th ; and at Detroit, December 4th. I'HE NORMAL SCHOOL. The work of the Normal School has gone on steadily and suc- oessfully. The number of students in attendance during the several terms of the year ending the first day of October, 1860, as shown by the report of the Principal, was as follows : in the Normal Department, winter term, 293 ; summer term, 2t0 ; in the Experimental Department, winter term, 50 ; summer term, 48. The number now in attendance is, in the Normal Depart- ment, 292 ; in Experimental Department, 50 ; total, 342. The number graduated during the year from the full course was 13. About 100 went out from the lower classes to teach in the Pri- mary Schools of the State. The Normal Building, which was destroyed by fire in October, 1859, just after the opening of the year embraced in this report, has been entirely refitted, the walls having been found, on a careful inspection, still sound and stable. On the 10th day of April last, less than six months after the fire, the house was 38 Doc. reopened with appropriate dedicatory exercises, and is now again occupied by the School. In reconstructing the building, it was deemed advisable to make some changes from the former plan, by which both its durability and convenience were increased. In place of the flat roof, which was found to require frequent and expensive repairs, a good shingle and trussed roof, surmounted with a tasteful cupola, was constructed, adding very much both to the strength and beauty of the building By remodeling the interior, a larger number, and more con- venient distribution, of rooms were made. Several large and much needed recitation or class rooms were secured, and a spa- cious museum room, for collections in Natural History, and models of illustrative School apparatus. The cost of rebuilding, with the exception of the alterations and additions, was covered by the amount received from the Insurance Co. The furniture and ventillating apparatus were not included in the insurance, and had, of course, to be replaced from the funds of the Institution, The heating furnaces, which were also without insurance, were so much injured by the fire as to require resetting, and as the experiment of their use has proved far from satisfactory, the Board cannot recommend their restoration. The expense of restoring them, would cover more than half the cost of a more efficient and economical warming- apparatus. The building is at present warmed with stoves rented for the purpose. An appropriation of $3,500 will be needed for warming apparatus. The library, which contained about 1,500 volumes, was totally destroyed by the fire and was not insured. The interests of the School strongly demand that this shall be replaced. An appro- priation of $2,000 is asked jor this purpose. The subject of physical education, happily for the Schools and school children of our country, is at length receiving the earnest attention of the prominent educators of many of the States. Many of the oldest institutions of learning haverecently erect- ed buildings for physical training, and in the better managed of No. 1 . S^ our Public Schools, regular and systematic exercises for the developement of the bodily strength and the preservation of the health of the pupils, have been incorporated into the daily rou- tine of the Schools. It is difficult to overestimate the impor- tance of this movement. Thousands of valuable lives have been sacrificed, and scarcely any one has passed uninjured through the terrible ordeal of close and crowded rooms, long sittings, excessive mental effort and deficient exercise. Most of the graduates of our High Schools and Colleges carry with them as mementoes of their School days, disordered stomachs, curved spines, enfeebled bodies or some nervous weakness, to embitter their lives and to rob education itself of much of its value. Nor can study be prosecuted with due success while the health and vigor of the body are so little cared for. Hour after hour is daily wasted in our Schoals, in listless and futile efforts at study, when, through mere weariness of the body, the sympa- thizing mind has lost its power of steady application. A skill- ful gymnastic drill of a few minutes would awaken the energies, quicken the sluggish circulation, and lend a new life and inter- est to the whole mental action. We owe it to our children, te* the cause of popular education, and the humane spirit of Qur - Christian civilization to remedy this too long neglected defect in our educational institutions. But to introduce any systematic and proper physical exercise into the Schools, we must have our teachers trained to their knowledge and use. The Bosxd.of Education, in view of these considerations, have felt the impor- tance of erecting upon the Normal School grounds a gymnasium with the necessary apparatus for giving to the pupils a thorough knowledge of gymnastics and calisthenics. More than one hundred teachers go forth annually from this institution to the care of our Public Schools. Could they be thoroughly trained in the art of physical education, how speedily might a knowl- edge of this art be diffused among all the teachers of the State. But for the disastrous fire which destroyed the Normal School building and rendered necessary such heavy expenditures for furniture and repairs, the Board would have had a surplus am- 40 Doc. ply sufficient for the erection of a building such as will be required. They would respectfully ask that an appropriation of $1,000 be made for a gymnasium, competent estimates showing that it can be erected and furnished for that sum. From the Treasurer's report, hereto appended, it will be seen that the receipts for the past School year, ending October 1st, 1860, were as follows : Cash on hand October 1st, 1859, $ 1,645 60 Received for tuition, 1,022 00 " from Normal School fund and appropriat'n, 14,000 00 " proceeds of concerts for piano, 199 00 " from Hartford Insurance Co., 8,000 00 Total receipts, ,. $24,866 60 The expenditures for the same time were as follows : For salaries and ordinary expenses, $ '1,321 30 For alterations in building, refurnishing and other expenses incurred on account of fire, 5,161 54 Paid insurance money for restoring building, 8,000 00 Balance on hand Oct. 1, 1860, 383 16 Total, $24,866 60 As the Board were obliged to chronicle at the opening of the year the loss of the School building by fire, so, with a deeper sadness, they were compelled to record, near its close, the loss of one of the most excellent and faithful of the instructors. George E. Dudley, the Professor of Mathematics, died in Detroit, September 7th, after an illness of three weeks. Of eminent ability and christian integrity, he was a scholar of ripe and ac- curate learning, and a teacher ol rare tact and fidelity. Hi« genial and kindly spirit, united as it was with the strictest purity of mind and manners, had won for him the affection of both friends and pupils, while his steady and reliable devotion to duty commended him to the strong regard and confidence of his colleagues and the Board of Education. The Board have No. 1. 41 felt it due to his eminent worth and services to make this ex- pression of their esteem for a true teacher, and of their sympathy with his bereaved friends. Prof. E. L. Ripley, late Principal of the Union School at Jack- son, has been appointed to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Prof Dudley. AURICULTURAL COLLEGE. The Agricultural College was established to furnish " instruc- tion in Agriculture and the natural sciences connected there- with," and to contribute to the improvement of the science and practice of Agriculture. The important art of land culture, slowly developed by centuries of toilsome and blind experiment, is now seen to rest upon certain great facts and forces in na- ture, which govern its processes and determine its products. It has been found that the natural sciences which investigate the properties of matter, and the chemical and vital laws which govern it, afford the rational explanation of all the operations and phenomena of successful cultivation of the soil. It has, therefore been reasonably concluded that agriculture might be learned as a science, and that a practical knowledge of the na- tural sciences connected therewith would prove of great value to the agriculturist ; and certainly no other human employment is more intimately dependent upon science, or presents a wider field of study and thought, than this. A School of Agriculture, therefore, was the most natural suggestion of modern improved farming — a School v/here the young farmer might study those mysterious laws and agencies by which he is able to transmute his scattered seed into the hundred-fold harvest, and change the crude and unpalatable native of the forest into the delicious peach, or the abundant and various apple. It was not, perhaps, suflBciently inquired whether the farmers of the State were de- manding such a professional education for their sons, or whether its importance had come to be so generally appreciated as to insure the School a supply of students. There must be not only a need, but a strong and intelligent feeling of that need, before ■^6 42 Doc. men will make great sacrifices to gratify it. This obstacle to the usefulness of the institution may, doubtless, be expected gradually to disappear. Offered opportunities will awaken desire for professional training. Let but a few intelligent and skillful agriculturists go forth from its walls to take positions of high rank among the farmers of our State, and prove by their eminent success, the value of scientific agriculture, and many will come to seek the same advantages, and reap the same benefits. The second great object of the School, the improvement of agriculture, was also a natural and reasonable deduction from the discovered scientific character of this art. It was certainly reasonable to expect that experiments conducted by scientific men, and under the most favorable circumstances for an exami- nation of processes and results, would contribute largely to the store of ascertained facts and established principles of correct tillage. Agriculture needs such aid, and who shall estimate the countless wealth which even a few improvements in our modes of cultivation would add to the country ? The improve- ment which should increase the product of our wheat fields a single bushel for each acre, would add to the product of the farms half a million of bushels annually. A discovered and available remedy for the midge, or the weavil,^would save an- nually to the State far more than this College has cost from the outset. And why should not such improvements be made, and such remedies discovered ? There lie hidden in the fields of science richer and grander discoveries than these. Agriculture is yet in its infancy as a science. Its great triumphs lie all in the future. What so reasonable as to expect a School of Agri- cultural science, with an experimental farm attached, should prove a very seed plot of agricultural discoveries and improve- ments ? The difficulty of finding masters of agricultural science and art, men of profound learning and yet of eminent practical skill, to conduct such an institution, was perhaps not fully apprecia- ted, but this obstacle, like that lack of candidates for agricul- No. 1. 43-. tural learning, which impedes the usefulness of the School as a School, will soon, doubtless, work out its own remedy. Schol- arly minds, turning earnestly to the wide fields of agricultural science, and busy in watching the working of the model farm^. will soon come to be fit leaders in the enterprize. It is not surprising, however, while these two difficulties shall last, — the lack of a supply of proper agricultural students and the lack of practical skill and hence of deep engagedness in the real agricultural work of the College among the instructors, — that there should be developed a tendency to drift away from the great objects of the institution as defined in the constitution and the law. The desire for a fair show of numbers would lead to a less rigid demand for the necessary preparatory scholarship,, and to the addition of studies which might be thought more attractive than those of the professional course. Against this tendency to make the institution either more or less than a genuine School of Agriculture, the Board of Educa- tion have felt called upon to watch with assiduous care, and they congratulate themselves in the belief that the present organization of the College is in strict conformity with the requirements of the Statute and with the desigh of its founders. They are also happy to announce that the faculty have, in gen- eral, very fully concurred in the plan of organization adopted in November, 1859, looking to a more thoroughly professional char- acter for the School. The year closing the 30th day of Nov. 1860, was in several respects the most prosperous in the history of the institution^ The whole number of students has been somewhat less than in previous years, but the number of proper agricultural students has been greater. The change in the organization, while it increased the professional value of the School, rendered it less desirable for students who were seeking a mere general educa- tion, and who attended for the High School or academic advan- tages afforded, without any especial regard for the agricultural studies. The students in attendance the past year have num- bred fifty, mostly in the preparatory year. Their attention to- 44 Doc. study has been earnest and successful, and they have exhibited a very commendable zeal in the practical operations of the gar- den and farm. THE FACULTY. Under the new org-anization of the college, adopted in Nov. 1859, the Board appointed the following instructors and officers : President and Professor of the Theory and Practice of Ao-riculture. o Lewis E,. Fisk, A. M., Professor of Agricultural Chemistry. T. C. Abbot, A. M., Professor of Civil and Rural Engineering, and Treasurer, George Thurber, M. D., Professor of Botany and Vegetable Physiologj''. Manly Miles, M. D. Professor of Zoology and Animal Physi- ology. James Bayley, Superintendent of Farm. J. C. Holmes, Superinte:ident of Horticulture, and Secretary. Besides these, R. H. Tripp was employed a part of the year as tutor in the preparatory department. Partly on account of the difficulty of getting money on the appropriation made for the College, and partly on account of the difficulty of finding a competent person to fill the position, the Professorship of Theory and Practice of Agriculture has been permitted to remain vacant during the year. The Board still regard it as essential to the success of the institution that this vacancy shall be filled as early as practicable. A competent head for the College, a man who shall fully grasp its great idea, and devotedly labor to realize it, is absolutely essential to its final triumph. course of instruction. The course of professional instruction embraces two years. There is also prescribed a preparatory course of one year, de- signed to meet the wants of students from rural districts, who may not find it convenient to pursue elsewhere the necessary preparatory studies, or may desire a longer residence at the No. 7. 4& College. The preparatory course has immediate reference to the professional or agricultural studies. No student is admit- ted to this course unless he is fifteen years of age, and can pass a thorough examination in Reading, Spelling, Arithmetic, Geog- raphy, and Grammar. The studies of the Preparatory year are Algebra, Rhetoric, Natural Philosophy, Geometry, Physical Geography, Elementary Chemistry and Book Keeping. These studies can ordinarily be found in the Union Schools. The Agricultural Course, of two years, embraces the follow- ing Departments and topics of instruction. Candidates for this course must be sixteen years of age, and must pass a satisfac- tory examination in the studies of the Preparatory year, and in the common English branches. I. THE DEPARTMENT OF THEORY AND PRACTICE OF AGRICULTURE Is not yet filled, and the course of instruction is not definitely arranged. It is designed to embrace the theory of the general conduct of a farming estate, in its scientific, practical, and eco- nomical aspects. It will include the general laws of tilth, the choice, rotation, management, and harvesting of crops, feeding, rearing, fattening and working of stock, with whatever per- tains to the laws and operations of general or special husband- ry ; the relations of Agriculture to markets and commerce, and the principal laws of Political Economy. II. ^DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY. 1st Year. — Analytical Chemistry, embracing general analysis; analysis of soils, manures, and plants, and the preparation of artificial manures. 2d Year. — Agricultural Chemistry, including formation and composition of soils ; composition of the air and its relations to vegetable growth ; connection of heat, light and electricity with the growth of plants ; nature and sources of the food of plants ; chemical changes attending vegeta'ble growth ; ex- haustion of soils, &c. 46 Doc. in. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND RURAL ENGINEERING. 1st Year. — Plain surveying and drawing ; land surveying with chains only ; land survejang with compass ; geometrical "drawing, maps, plans, &c.; leveling for drains, roads, &c.; to- pographical surveying and drawing ; mensuration of surfaces and solids, casks, bins, mows, stacks, excavations, embank- ments, &c. M Year. — Mechanics, embracing composition and resolution of forces, effects of gravity, mechanical powers, farm imple- ments, strength of materials, roads, bridges, walls ; general principles of Hydrodynamics, drainage; Machine drawing ; Per- spective and Landscape drawing. IV. DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AND VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY. 1st Year. — Structural Botany ; the parts of the plant and their modifications and offices. Vegetable Physiology ; the laws of vegetable life and growth, germination, causes which promote or retard growth, flowering and fertilization, formation of fruit and seed, ripening and decay. Systematic Botany ; The grouping of plants in genera and families according to similarity in structure, illustrated by native and cultivated plants. 2(^ Year. — Applied and Economical Botany ; principles invol- ved in the operations of Agriculture and Horticulture, theory of the various modes of propagation and cultivation, influence of -culture, production of new varieties ; especial study of grasses, forage plants and cereals, forest trees and plants of economical value. Plants injurious to agriculturists ; weeds, their habits and methods of exterminating ; rust, smut and similar diseases. Geographical Botany, or distribution of plants, distribution by natural agencies and by the aid of man, effect of climate on ^vegetation, influence of forests on climate, &c. No. T. . 4t V. DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY AND ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY, 1st Year. — Principles of classification of animals ; systematic Zoology, including zoological anatomy. 2d Year. — Comparative Anatomy, and Physiology of the or- gans of digestion, circulation, respiration, &c.; breeding, rear- ing and management of domestic animals ; mammals and in- sects injurious to vegetation ; veterinary surgery and veterinary medicines. DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE. The instruction in this department is given by field lectures and practice in the garden and nurseries, and by text books. 1st Year. — Seed sowing, seed saving ; propagation of plants by eyes, leaves, cuttings, layers, budding and grafting ; prun- ing, training, transplanting ; preservation of races by seeds, improvement of races by seeds. 2d Year. — Continuation of studies of first year ; also con- struction, warming, ventilation and management of green- houses, graperies, and other horticultural structures ; pomolog- ical nomenclature ; landscape gardening. PRACTICAL FARMING. The department of Practical Farming is under the immediate charge of the Farm Superintendent. The students in the course of their daily labors, witness and take part in all the various operations of the farm. They thus make a practical appli- cation of their studies, and acquire the strength and skill so necessary for the successful agriculturist. In adopting the foregoing courses of instruction and practice, tha Board believe they have not only fulfilled the requirements of the law, but have organized a true school of Agriculture, in which the young farmers of the State may acquire an intelli- gent mastery of their noble and most useful art. And they would confidently invite those who wish to gain, with reasona- ble despatch and in their ripest scientific forms, the knowledge 48 Doc. and art of a true land culture, to visit this school and test the benefits of its teachings. While the Board cannot admit that mere general education is one of the legitimate objects of the Agricultural College, any more than it is of the Medical College or Law School, they would, nevertheless, remark that the course of studies pre- scribed, will not be found wanting in disciplinary or educating power. This remark is needful in answer to some who have feared that the mere students of Agriculture would be found wanting in general education and intelligence, and that the graduates of the College would not adequately represent its high character, or successfully diffuse its teachings, and who would therefore make the institution to some extent literary, in order to make it more educational. But it should be remember- ed that true discipline of mind depends not so much upon the subject matter of study, as upon the manner in which that study is prosecuted. The wide and various fields of natural and mathematical science embraced in the Agricultural course, offer no narrow ground on which to build up scholarly habits of thought and study, and the thorough mastery of this course cannot but add largely to the mental power and culture of the faithful student. But still this discipline is the fortunate and valuable incident of the course of study, not one of its organic objects. The great purpose of the School is to teach Agricul- ture — to make scientific farmers, not merely fine scholars. The Board of Education appreciate as fully as any persons can, the value and importance even, of a good, and liberal education for farmers. A full College course of classical study, and all the power and refinement it brings, would prove as valuable often, on the farm as in the forum. But the State has already provided for general education in its other institutions of learn- ing, open alike to farmers and all other classes, and they can- not consent to divert this single School of Agriculture from its high and legitimate uses to make it a mere high school for far- mers' sons, in order to afford to a few of them, at such vast ex- pense, the education which the Union Schools and Colleges and No. t. 49 University offer so freely to all. They dare not endanger its success as a professional school by seeking to make it remedy the deficiency of general and preparatory education which its pupils can so easily obtain elsewhere. To answer the promise of its friends and founders, and to re-pay the State for the large outlay it has already cost, as well as for the continual outlay to come, it must concentrate its labors on its own appropriate work, and push, with an undivided zeal, its efforts to discover truth and diffuse its light among the great farming population of our State. Whatever may be done by the private and vol- untary efforts of faithful teachers, in extra classes or otherwise, to promote the literary growth and spirit of their pupils, the Board would not only allow but commend. But the mission of the School, as such, is higher and more important than to add another to the ordinary High Schools or Colleges of the State. Such extra classes have been voluntarily organized and instruct- ed by some of the Faculty during the past year, and will^ doubtless, be hereafter, as occasions offer and as other duties permit. THE FARM. The working of the College farm for the past year will be best exhibited by the following tabular statement of the crops raised, and the cost of production, compiled from the Secreta- ry's books : NAME OF CROP. C cS ^ CO a h 55 C O 1 S • cu • c3 "^ - 03 • 1— ( ^ i? oT CO '-+-1 o ;::; CQ o - cS ^ ^ K^ S3 o 0) ^P^ O a p^-. :« - - h5 S- 03 M o c3 . .:~i:Q i etty ine m t— CQ ^J 1 ^^ O o ^ o k^ - ^ ^ -M o r*] o ^ t:^ -Ti t: "^ .^ O 0) a; O) 'U f-i t-i ?H 'r^ C -^ +^ y/ ^ c5 'r—i !-*— ^ ?-| '"c! c5 b. -) CS o5 oj '"CJ ;^ nd 'TIS fi: I— I (— ( rH 1— ( ^ 1 G>1 o a •rH rP Si III o o '^ o CO oo Pi >-5 I— ( >^ 03 pq 02 a •-3 03 o ^n o c3 o ^ ^ o o t/j X M 03 G) m W m W MH 02 O a pi CO 62 Doc. o p H .J O >H W :?; o j^ »— t o CO ooooooooo "3 ooooooooo > .^ OGOiomcocoooLou::)! rt 0^ ^ T-H CO €^ o t-l 0-1 X) O O C5i :S lO c3 5 (X) ^T • P3 rt c5 • fi :. B ■ • d p^ -^ : f3 :3 . ^ft « • M o • w ?^ ^ OQ pj ^ ^ fl •'-' • ?— ( • H ^ ^ ^ ' H ^ book on Mental Philosophy. The object sought in this study is accuracy and precision, rather than extent of knowledge, and the seniors are thus prepared for listening to a course of lectures on the philosophy of education, which occu- pies the remainder of the term. The lectures referred to, embrace the following topics : 1. The order of development of the various faculties. 2. The order of studies which corresponds to the order of developement. 3. Errors of present system in this regard. 4. Cultivation of the powers of observation by object lessons and by the study of objective sciences. 5. Cultivation of the powers of reflection by study of subjec- tive sciences. 9 66 Doc. 6, The order of development and modes of cultivating the sensibilities. 7. Religious instruction. RESULTS OF THE NORMAL SCHOOL. There can be no question that the Normal School has contri- buted largely to the educating forces of the State. It has sent out over seventjrfive graduates, most of whom are engaged in actual teaching. Some of these have charge of Union Schools, others hold responsible positions as assistant teachers, and others still are conducting Primary Schools of the better class. Nearly all are successful teachers, intending to give to their profession the labor of a lifetime. The most satisfactory evi- dence of their efficiency appears in the fact that the demand for Normal graduates, is greater than the School can supply. But while its graduates are thus sustaining the reputation of the Normal School, a large number of District Schools are sup- plied with teachers from its undergraduating classes. No pupil is permitted to teach until he has passed examination in the studies of the C class. This class usually numbers about a hundred, and it is believed that an average of about half its members go out every term to teach in the Primary Schools. Consequently, the Normal School annually furnishes, from this class alone, a hundred teachers for the Schools of the State. Of course, the value of this contribution does not lie in its numerical force, but rather in the fact that these teachers are earnest workers, familiar with the studies they teach, and assid- uous in putting into practice the precepts which they have learned here. It is for this reason that while we hear rarely of any failures, we receive, from all quarters, the most gratifying evidence that their labors are generally successful. WANTS. It seems to me that the Normal School stands in pressing need of a Gymnasium for the physical training of its pupils. Physical education is, at last, receiving the attention which No. 1. 6T its importance calls for. Many of the prominent Schools and Colleges of the East, have already suspended some of their usual routine in order to give their pupils opportunity for sys- tematic manual exercise. The fact is being recognized every- where that mental discipline cannot fit its possessor for perma- nent usefulness, without a degree of health and physical strength. No man, however finished his scholarship, can be an efficient laborer in any of the professions, if his digestive and nervous system have been ruined by hard study without proper ■exercise. Yet it is an alarming fact that multitudes of young men, in this country, finish their course of study with a broken constitution. Our State Normal School is peculiarly liable to sufier from this evil. Our pupils are mainly the sons and daughters of farmers, and no better material for our purpose, can be found in the State. They bring with them to the School the soundness of body which farm-life is wont to beget. When, however, they 'enter upon the professional studies here, their habits of life are inevitably changed. Under the pressure of daily recitations, they are apt to neglect out-of-door exercise altogether, or to take it in a form too mild for the requirements of health. The oonsequence is that many are compelled on account of illness to leave School before the close of the term, and often to aban- don, forever, the idea of preparing to teach. This evil could not find its remedy in ordinary muscular exertion however sys- tematically pursued. By reason of the short time that students remain with us, our Normal course is necessarily so severe that after preparing for recitations, they have not time enough left for exercise if taken in walking or ordinary manual labor. The only means, under the circumstances, by which their physical vigor can be preserved, is by a regular muscular drill, under the direction of a competent teacher ; for a half hour of gymnastic exercises, properly conducted, is worth three hours of exercise taken in the usual way. But we cannot give our pupils such exercises without means. We have already a teacher in Prof. Miller, who is a practical 8 Doc. gymnast. We want a plain building, of moderate cost, with the proper apparatus. The estimates show that the whole will not cost over $1,000, and I am assured that the entire expense shall not exceed the estimates. As a further argument I will add, that inasmuch as physical education is receiving increased attention in our best Schools, it is essential that those who are preparing to teach should have a practical knowledge of its principles. Both the faculty and the students feel urgently the need of a library for reference. Our old library, which contained about fifteen hundred volumes, was, as you are aware, entirely con- sumed by the fire which destroyed our building last fall. Since that time we have been entirely destitute of those works which the students ought to consult in the various topics connected with their future labors. A professional library is indispensa- ble to the complete success of a professional School, and we are sure that our institution is no exception to the general fact. The books wherein are treated topics relating directly or in- directly to the teacher's profession are very numerous, but we think that a library adequate to our wants would not exceed a cost of $3,000. The- following items embrace the more important of our regulations : All the pupils of the Normal School are required to sign the following DECLARATION OF INTENTION. " We, the subscribers, do hereby declare that it is our inten- tion to devote ourselves to the business of teaching in the Schools of this State, and that our object in resorting to this Normal School is the better to prepare ourselves for the dis- charge of this important duty." EXAMINATIONS. Candidates for admission must pass an examination in the following studies, viz : Reading, Spelling, Penmanship, Ele- No. 7. 69 mentary Grammar, Local Geography, and Arithmetic through oompound numbers, vulgar and decimal fractions. Students may enter any advanced class by passing an exam- ination in all preceding studies of the course. Examinations for admission are held on the Monday previous to the opening of each term, commencing at 9 A. M. ATTENDANCE. Applicants for admission are not received after the com- mencement of a term, unless they have been detained by sick- ness, or actual service as teachers. TERMS AND VACATIONS. The terms of the Normal School commence, respectively, on the first Tuesday of April, and the first Tuesday of October, and continue, the former sixteen weeks, and the latter twenty- four weeks. The exercises of the School are suspended during the winter holidays. THE EXPERIMENTAL DEPARTMENT. This School, which was established for the purpose of afford- ing to advanced stud onts in the Normal School an opportunity for practice in teaching, is in successful operation. The classes are mainly instructed by members of the E class, under a sys- tem of strict supervision by the Principal of this department. There are seats for fifty pupils, which is the limit of the num- ber received. Applicants for admission must be between the ages of eight and sixteen years. None are admitted for less than an entire term — the year being divided as in the Normal Department. A tuition of two dollars for the summer, and three for the winter term, is charged. Intention to teach is not made a con- dition of admission. It is the design in this department to make the course of study correspond to the natural order of mental development. First, the senses are trained to the study of objects and ob- jective sciences, and afterward the reflective faculties are de- TO Doc. No. 1 veloped by means of studies adapted to this end. In pursuance of this design, the course is arranged as follows : First, object lessons and the Elements of Natural Science, and afterwards Arithmetic, Grammar and Elementary Histor}-. Thorough train- ing in Reading, Penmanship, Spelling, Drawing, Gomposition, Singing and Moral Lessons, is also included in the course. All the above is respectfully submitted. A. S. WELCH, Prin. State Normal School. ANNUAL EEPORT OF TEEASURER OF STATE NORMAL SCHOOL. State Board of Education in account with Benjamin Follett, Treas- urer of State Normal School. DEBIT. 1860. Oct. 1. To am't of expenditures as per warrants paid by me from Sept. 30th, 1859, to Oct. 1st, I860, $16,482 84 Balance, 385 1Q $16,866 60 CREDIT. 1859. Oct. 1. Balance on hand, $ 1,645 60 Am't received for tuition, from Sept. 80, 1859, to Oct. 1st, 1860, 1,022 00 Nov. 7. Warrant on Auditor General, 1,000 00 8. " " " 2,500 00 1860. Mar. 19. " " " 2,500 00 May 30. " " " 3,500 00 July 16. " " " 2,500 00 Oct. 21 " " " 2,000 00 From Prof. Foote, proceeds of Piano Concert, 199 00 - $16,866 60 Balance, . $383 76 T2 Doc. NO. t. StcUe Board of Education Building Fund in account with Bery. FolleU, Treasurer of State Normal School. DEBIT. 1860. April 15. To warrant to B. Follett, contract for re- building State Normal building, $8,000 00 CREDIT. 1859. Nov. 15. By am't received from Hartford Fire Insu- rance Co., policy on building, $8,000 00 STATEMENT of Warrants drawn on account of Noi^raol School for the year ending the ZOih day of Scptemher, 1860. 1859-60. No. War- rant. To Wliom Drawn. Object. Amount. Oct. 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 25 25 26 Nov. 4 Dec 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 3 5 5 5 1 10 10 20 20 49 Benj. Foilett, 50 J. M. B. Sill, 51 Moore & Jenuess, . . 52 Robt. Morton, . . . . . 5S J. M. B. Sill, 54 Yost, Tisd^tle & Co., 55 Bariihart, 56 Kinne & Smith, . . . , 5T Davi',1 Coon, 58 Chas. Wheeler, . . . . 59 J. Showerman, 60 ;^. Samson, 61 -.Vm. AVatts, \- 7. U. Hayes, 63 Rev. L. D. Chajjin, . . 64 A. Couse, 65 D. Hayes, . . . 66 Benj, Foilett, 6Y Flower & Hand, . . . 68 J. M. Gregory, 69 Flower & Hand, . . . 70 Conklin & Co., n J. M. B. Siil, 72 M. N. Littlefield, . . . 73 H. Jacobs, 74 0. Day, 75 Kinne & Smith, . . . . 76 J. R. Kellogg, 77 A. S.Welch, 78 Rev. W. P. Pattison. 79 J. M. B. Sill, 80 Mark Norris, 81 E. J. Mills, 82 D. Hayes, 83 J. M. B. Sill, 84 J. F. Carey, 10 insurance, Expenses for Board, Curtain fixtures, . . Janitor,., . Expense for Board, Curtains, Rent of piano, . . . Goods, laboratory, Work & materials o ap , Pump, Rent of melodeon, . Soap, Benches and work, Services as Visitor, Piano, Desks and seats, . . Apprais'g damages Fitting up rooms,.. Exp. to Nov, 1st, . . Repairs on hotel, . . Lumber, Pd. for work, &c., . Hardware for rep's, Janit(^, Painting, Materials for rep's, Ser. & exp, to date, Salary to Dec, 20, . Exp, as Visitor, . . . Incidental expens's S. pipe, lumber, &c, Stove-pipe, &c., . . . Making 130 desks, Salary to date, .... % 62 50 13 55 7 38 28 75 1 00 16 30 4 00 26 53 4 08 2 50 5 50 4 00 3 63 29 00 13 00 300 00 75 00 5 60 50 00 44 04 88 72 75 01 29 76 2L 53 30 00 4 88 18 85 102 63 375 00 10 00 25 00 31 05 69 73 145 77 250 00 25^0 00 •74 Doc. STATEMENT OF WARRENTS DRAWN— CONTINUED. 1859-60. No. I War- rant. To Whom Drawn. Object. Amount. Dec. 20 85 11 20 86 u 20 87 11 20 88 a 20 89 a 20 90 n 20 91 (I 20 92 ii 26 93 11 26 94 a 26 95 Jan'y 4 1 11 4 2 Feb'y 3 3 n 16 4 ii 20 5 a 20 6 a 20 1 a 20 8 ii 20 9 a 20 10 ii 20 11 ii 20 12 M'ch 14 13 ii 16 14 a 16 15 ii 20 16 a 16 17 a ii 16 1 p. 18 1 Q " 16 " 16 '' 16 " 16 '' 16 April 10 '' 27 " 27 May 2 " 24 " 24 " 24 " 24 D. P. Alayhew, .... A. Miller, G. E. Dudley, E. M. Foote, Mrs. A. D. Aldrich, Susan G. Tyler, . . . Miss E. A. Hurlbut, Benj. Follett, Henry Jacobs, .... David Hayes, 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Wm. Barkley, J. M. Gregory, W. J. Baxter, F. Morley, R. Kame, Shutts & Farrier, . . Henry Jacobs, Prof. J. M. B. Sill, . . Mr. Knapp, Benj. Follett, Benj. Follett, M. G. R.. R. Co., . . . Henry Jacobs, .... Prof. A. S. Welch, . '' J. B. Sill,.... " J. F. Carey, . . " D. P. Mayhew, . " A. Miller,. " Geo. E. Dudley, . Mrs. A. I^ Aldrich, . . John Goodison, E. M. Foote, Miss Susan G. Tyler, Ellen A. Hurlbut, J, R. Kellogg, R. Kame, Henry Jacobs, Prof. Geo. E.Dudley, Benj. L. Baxter, Mark N orris, Prof. J. M. B. Sill, . . . A. Showerman & Co., Salary to date, Telegraphing, Janitor to Dec. 4th, Lumber and work, . Teacher 130 seat castings. For expenses, . . . . For serv. and exp., B'k checks for N. S. Settees, 130 seat castings, . Janitor, Expenditures, . . . . 16 J cords wood,. . . Insurance, 3 tons coal, Freight, Janitor, Salary, Services,... . 106 settees, , Services,... . 1 coal stove, Services,.. . . Rent, Expenses, . . Gas fitting, . $250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 162 50 112 50 112 1 44 14 50 25 00 62 50 00 123 19 16 10 75 85 8 00 50 00 131 50 30 50 31 47 32 50 25 50 15 75 9 01 25 00 375 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 162 50 50 00 225 00 112 50 112 60 45 80 295 25 27 00 20 00 31 50 5 00 7 69 89 40 No/1. {D STATEMEis'T OF WARRANTS DRAWN CONTINUED. 1860. No. War- rant. To Wb-om Drawn. Object. Amount. May June July Aug. Oct. 24 24 24 1 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 19 24 24 24 24 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 23 24 23 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 33 34 36 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 4:1 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 cO 61 62 63 64 66 65 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 M. N. Littlefield, H. Oakley, B. Follett, Henrv Jacobs, Prof. A. S.Welch,... - J. M. B. Sill, . . . " Geo. E. Dudley, " D. P. Meiyhew, . " E. M. Foote, . . . " A. Miller, " J.F.Carey, Mrs. A. D. Aldrich, . . Miss E. A. Hurlbut, . Miss Susan 0. Tyler, John Goodison, Expenses, Bill extra, Services,.. Salary, . . Henry Jacobs, .... S. B. McCracken, . . Robt. Morton, .... M. W. Ferris, E. J. Mills, J. M. Gregory, Shutts & Ferrier, .... Conklin, S. & Co., . . . Prof. J. F. Carey, . . . '' J. M. B. Sill, . . . " Geo. E. Dudley, '' A. Miller, Henry Jacobs, Kinne & Smith, D. Coon & Co., Prof. A. S. Welch, . . . Ellen A. Hurlbut, . . . Susan G. Tyler, A. S. Welch, J. F. Carey, Geo. E. Dudley, J. M. B. Sill, A. Miller, D. P. Mayhew, E. M. Foote, Mrs. A. D. Aldrich, . . Susan G. Tyler, Balance on salary. Services, Printing, Bal. for services, . Bible, Hardware, Piano, Seat ends, Bill sundries, &c., Salary, - . . Services,.. Goods, . . . Furniture, Salary, . . 72 55. 5 25 3,455 11 53 00 375 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 162 50 112 50 112 50 50 00 60 00 26 00 2 50 5 00 3 00 18 4{J 285 114 68 00 00 97 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 26 00 124 87 46 12 125 00 100 00 50 00 250 00 150 00 150 00 160 00 150 00 260 00 250 00 162 50 62 60 t6 Doc. No. T. STATEMENT OF WARRANTS DRAWN- CONTINUED. 1860. Oct. Kov I No. War- rant 76 ri IS 79 80 •701 SOI To Whom Drawn. Ellen A. Hurlbut, . Henry Jacobs, .... A. S. Welch, M. 0. E. R. & Co., . Benj. Follett, Yost, Tisdale & Co., Object. Salary, . . . Services,.. . Incidentals, Freight, . . , Interest, . . . Insurance, , Account. . . . Amount. $ 12 50 30 00 25 00 13 35 105 25 130 50 112 62 AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE TREASURER'S REPORT. Ag'l College of the State of Michigan, ) Dec&tnber 1, 1860. To the Honorable the Board of Education : Gentlemen — I herewith enclose my report as Treasurer of the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan, for the year ending December 1, 1860. In accordance with a resolution passed by you, 1 collected from students, to be held as a deposit, to appty on board and contingent expenses, the sum of $313 91. Of this sum $122 64 was returned in cash to the students, $131 66 was paid to Mr. Lane on their orders. For fifty-three dollars and sixty-one cents only of the amount is credit given in the following report, stu- dents' orders to that amount having been accepted by the Board of Education in settlement with Mr. Lane. T. C. ABBOTT, Treasure7\ Agricultural College of the State of Michigan in account loith T. C. Abbot, Treasurer. CREDFT. • 1859. Dec. 1. By am't brought from last account, $ 96 93 1860. Dec. 1. By cash rec'd from Board of Education, as follows : Dec. 31, 1859. From Board of Education, 2,000 00 Feb. 9, 1860. " " " 1,000 00 71 Doc. Mar. 1, 1860. From Board of Education, . ii 9,9 '< << (' u -'^> Aug. 3, " From J. M. Gregory, Sec. B'd of E'd, . li 7 (( a li II II i( 7 a u u u (( Sept. 13, " " " " " Nov. 2, " Order, E. B. Pond, favor J. M. Gregory, 1, " From J. M. Gregory, Sec. B'd of E'd, . ii 7 a u a ii a a 20, '' " " '' '-' 1. Dec. By am't of receipts from students for room rent and tuition, By recpt's from Board, previous terms, By am't rec'd from students on deposit, and paid to Mr. Lane by warrant of Board of Education, By cash rec'd for. brick, as follows : Mar. 12. Of Mr. Foster, $2 50 '' 13. Of Mr. Marsh, •. t5 May 21. By band of Prof. Fisk, 2 00 Apr. 24. " " Holmes, 5 00 Nov. n. Of Mr. Smith, 2 00 1, 1, 1, Apr. It. By cash rec'd of Mr. Billings, student, on account, 2,000 00 1,000 00 1,110 46 930 23 930 23 940 13 150 00 949 11 955 59 434 20 223 18 212 09 53 61 12 00 11 58 Total receipts, $13,669 40 DEBIT. payment of the Warrants, as by the following table Date of Payment. 1859-60. No. War- rant. Dec. 31 146 M'ch 2 196 a 2 151 i < 2 158 a 2 181 •ii 2 182 To Whom Drawn and Object. Amount. T. C. Abbot, salary, S. A. Lane, boardins: hall R. F. Johnstone, salary, Wm Hazleton, thrashing wheat, H. Hodges, salary, P. R. Peck, labor, $100 00 100 99 50 00 40 00 320 00 105 00 No. 7 19 WARRANT STATEMENT CONTINUED. Date of Payment. 1860. No. War- rant. To Whom Drawn and Object. Geo. Beaman, butter, H. Goodbi^, salary, A. Turner, on Goodby's salary,,. . . . A. Turner & Co., materials, . • J. Chapman, mason work, J. Preston, seed barley, C. Tracy, salary, Bloss & Co., seeds, . . .• Mead & Eobison, meat, W. N. Lewis, lumber and saw, J. Whiteley, groceries, Tompkins & Co., iron, &c., S. Ostrander, groceries, Tompkins & Co., labor and iron, .... J. Rishardson, ditching, &c., Joy & Co., thrashing wheat, C. Hosmer, butter, G. Waldbaur, crackers, Mead & Eobison, supplies, J. Moore, butter, J. Dredenbacker, butter, B. Fraugh, sausages, Bertch & Brother, meat, Geo. Beaman, butter, G. Crittenden, potatoes and eggs, . . . L. Ives, apples, A. Stevens, beef, E. W. Van Auken, butter, Vail & Brother, crackers, C. Mosely, flour, G. M. Tower, butter, J. Biakely, flour, E. Walker, flour, J. P. Pteed, beef, J. Wisner, butter, S. Lansing, blacksmithing, John Ruby, eggs, H. D. Benham, labor, Ball, Sprang & Tobias, wagon-work, S. Lansing, blacksmithing, Cash refunded N. Blakeslee, A. H. Doty, L. R. Fisk, salary, 1 19 89 134 91 36 14 42 51 8 00 12 00 862 84 83 90 42 80 63 30 24 19 • n 88 42 55 26 85 100 56 23 00 9 8t 1 53 31 92 34 21 1 49 1 75 91 02 49 23 1 11 36 00 12 45 10 24 8 33 32 25 15 65 48 52 49 56 28 20 4 81 39 25 30 5 60 20 00 12 28 8 09 12 43 400 00 M'ch 2 " 2 " 2 " 2 " 2 " 2 " 2 " 2 '' 2 '' ■ 2 a 2 u 2 " 2 <' 2 " 2 " 2 a 2 " 2 .u 2 "■ 2 a 9, 185 1S6 153 184 188 183 257 204 66 157 166 147 148 149 152 159 162 178 179 160 177 165 171 164 167 174 168 2 176 9 170 2 173 2 175 2 197 2 187 5 221 5 219 5 180 5 217 5 228 5 231 5 240 7 n u 7 198 80 Doc. WARRANT STATEMENT CONTINUED. Date of Paymeat. 1S60. No. War- rant To Whom Drawn and Object. T. C. Abbott, salary, Burt & Watson, instruments, Nail & Duncklee, matting, D. L. Case, lumber, J. Newsome, wagon work, R. F. Johnstone, salary, R. Pointer, meat, J. R. Kellogg, tools, " " B'd of Ed'n expenses, G. W. Waldbaur, crackers, li n a D. Eckstein, potash, Joy & Calkins, chopping wood, S. Ostrander, groceries, S. A. Lane, salary, . . . H. Jipson, cattle, S. Parker, freight, W. S. Penfield, ox yokes, Coryell & Jenison, merchandize, . . . . H. Ingersoll, merchandize, F. Alton, barrels, Thos. Humphrey, butter, B. B. & W. R. Noj^es, nails, S. A. Lane, board of students, G. M. Tower, freight, Cannell & Edmonds, harness work, . . Burr & Grove, hardware, a a ii A. J. Viele, stationery, Coryell & Jenison, merchandize, .... J. E. Strong, printing, R. F. Johnstone, salary, J. Bailey, expenses for farm, W. N. Lewi>s, lumber, L. R. Fisk, postage, Noah Phelps, lumlier, ' . . . J. Bailey, salary, Tompkins & Co., miachinery, J. Gifford, cheese, Wm. Webster, vinegar, S. A. Lane^ provisions, Amount. M'ch April 7 8 8 10 13 14 14 14 11 17 17 17 21 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 26 27 3 o O 6 6 7 10 261 189 21d 254 200 150 211 199 214 287 259 236 263 234 260 251 203 230 239 207 232 169 201 265 266 244 253 245 156 224 218 193 264 262 256 249 277 248 278 22,0 308 161 258 ^900 00 137 00 25 87 56 00 16 00 150 00 71 30 29 25 38 50 9 12 7 73 6 29 75 00 30 26 375 00 13 00 7 50 10 25 13 45 11 12 12 00 5 09 12 19 100 00 50 00 10 48 12 59 39 50 90 28 4 93 6 52 20 00 100 00 25 00 13 56 3 17 28 51 1 92 100 00 6 00 12 06 8 60 46 16 No. 1 81 WARRANT STATEMENT CONTINUED. Data of No. Pavm ^nt. War- 1S60. rant. April 10 246 (( 16 ^2f u K [6c it 17 25e ii 17 9f a 17 68 Cl 17 279 May 7 202 (( 7 280 li 10 209 (( 10 281 11 IC 28f a 10 284 it 10 286 li 10 283 it 10 282 ti 10 248 ti 10 287 n 10 206 ft 16 291 li 16 223 ti 16 288 ti 16 289 Allfr. S 300 ii 3 399 ti 3 298 ti 3 297 ti 3 301 it 6 241 it 6 303 ti 6 302 ti 6 304 ti 6 000 ii 28 ill It 28 306 li 28 229 ii 28 216 a 28 292 it 28 290 11 28 210 ti 28 305 Sept. 1 155 To Whom Drawn and Object. E. P. Beiiham, labor, '\i oir & Hunter, cultivator, \Y. H. Rajmer, butter, , L. Lewis, lumber, r. D. Billings, g-oods, A. H. Billings, goods, J. C. Holmes, salary, J. M. Griswold, printing, A. J. W. ThomiDSon, E. J. Abbott, postage, Austin & Tomlinson, M. Miles, laboratory, Manly Miles, salary, Geo. Thurber, freight, &c., , . . . . Hubbard & Davis, R. F, Johnstone, balance due, xMoore & Feote, groceries, M. J. Daniels, team, Humphrey & Hibbard, freight, W. W. , Preston, labor, 3. G. Ives, oats, Burr & Grove, J. Chapman, mason work, T. 0. Abbott, Wm. Webster, vinegar, , . . Geo. Thurber, salary, R. M. Tripp, salary, V. CL A. Bailey, labor, U. D. Ward, meat, W. S. Penfield, seeds, H. K. Messinger, roofmg boarding hall, . . F, Raymond, blank books, &c., Moneys advanced by B'd of Ed'n in 1859, H. H. Smith, merchandise, P. B. Peck, labor, E. P. Benham, beef, Mary Harmon, butter, Toy & Calkins, cliopping, I. H. & H. D. Bartholomew, alcohol, Chas. Smith, vinegar, Geo. Thurber, salary, Hovey & Co., plaster, Amount. $ 2 74 20 00 7 63 20 00 i OO 4 25 30 00 3 00 28 91 2 30 84 50 22 93 222 22 44 66 23 00 17 30 158 03 4 50 3 00 20 78 20 00 41 46 15 70 2*7 96 10 10 250 00 80 00 18 34 3 84 15 12 212 02 31 64 1,287 43 25 58 59 00 5 56 9 28 43 15 23 38 2 00 5 00 19 80 11 82 Doc. No. 1. WARRANT STATEMENT CONTINUED. Date of I No. I Payment. (War- 1860. I rant. I To "Whom Drawn aud Object. Amount. Oct. Nov Sept. 14 14 14 14 14 14 4 4 4 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 14 14 14 14 14 20 22 22 22 22 Dec. 1 222 2.33 296 293 305 295 294 242 205 235 220 250 307 311 309 312 313 314 315 324 247 320 331 326 325 212 238 215 329 330 335 334 322 192 336 R. Bircher, teaming, . . Ohas. Foster, butter, J. C. Holmes, salary, J. Bailey, salary and expenses for farm, Geo. Thurber, salary, T. 0. Abbot, salary, . . . '. L. R. Fisk, salary, A. Turner & Co., hardware, L. & H. Plankroad Co., W. Johnson, milkpans, M. D. Chatterton, honey, Peck & Merrifield, butter, R. H. Tripp, salary, Geo. Thurber, salary, Geo. Thurber, microscope, S. A. Lane, boarding students, A. A. N. Bailey, labor, T. C. Abbot, J. C. Holmes, purchases, J. A¥hiteley, groceries, J. Rhale, hay, R. Bercham, timber, S. A. Lane, labor of students, P. C. Ayers, museum cases, P. Thompson, butter, ; H. Thayer & Co., goods, H. Biglow, eggs, J. Bailey, salar^^, Wm. Dwelle, on Lane's account, J. C. Holmes, incidentals, M. J. Daniels, teams, J. Van Husen, freight, Barns, French & Way, printing, B'd of Educa'n, int. on State Warrants, $ 5 25 4 n 375 00 445 75 83 33 500 00 430 00 6 50 3 33 2 82 6 75 4 60 100 00 250 00 85 00 430 04 23 78 7 98 11 29 51 92 2 97 2 00 2 00 500 00 19775 99 1 00 87 187 50 80 00 10 00 12 00 3 75 5 00 434 20 Total amount of payments, Cash to balance, carried to new account. $13,135 72 533 68 $13,669 40 FOURTH AlSriSrUAL REPOET OF THE BOARD OF CONTROL OF THE STATE REFORM SCHOOL. FOR THE YEAR ENDING NOVEMBER 17, 1860. Hon, J. M. Gregory, Supt. of Public Instruction : In compliance with the law, we hereby lay before you our report for the current fiscal year, as members of the Board of Oontrol of the Michigan Reform School, embracing the annual statement of its fiscal afi'airs, its management and condition. The Board, in the performance of this duty, feel the assur- ance that their efforts to make this Institution what its name imports, a Reformatory for houseless and wayward youth, have not been unavailing. It is a fact not unknown to all intelligent citizens of our State, that this Institution from the very commencement, has been a target against which a certain portion of the partizan press has hurled its most envenomed missiles, yet its course has been steadily and constantly onward to popular favor, until it now stands acknowledged by many who were first and fiercest in denunciation, as not only a necessary, but a truly benign In- stitution, challenging alike the sympathy of the humane for this unfortunate class, and the co-operation of all who have the best interests of society at heart. The rapidty increasing number of inmates and the apparent necessity for increased accommodations, impelled the Board in the spring of 1859, in anticipation of the appropriation made at the session of the Legislature for that year, to contract for the erection of an additional wing to the school edifice, which was completed and delivered to us by the contractor, M. Elder, Esq., about the 1st of July, 1860, at the cost of $18,863 78, as 84 Dac'. appears in detail by the report of our Treasurer hereto ap- pended. For the exact statistics of the School and many very valuable hints and suggestions, we beg leave to refer to the highly interesting report of our Superintendent, subjoined. For the educational improvement and intellectual advancement of the boys, we would also refer to the leport of Rev. Chas. Johnson, Teacher, which is also appended. They present a subject of sincere gratification not only to the Board, but to all who have felt an interest in the welfare and improvement of the inmat-es. All the boys except those engaged in the kitchen, dining room, &c., and in the manufacture of shoes and clothing for the inmates, are employed from the hours of 9 to 12 A. M. and 1 io 4: P. M. by the contractors, Messrs. Woodhouse & Butler, in the manufacture of chairs ; their proficiency in which is very grati- fying to the Board. On the night of the 2d of October last, the machine shop took fire from the boiler room, and nearly all the combustible portion of that building was destroyed ; also the water tower which was constructed of wood. These buildings have been repaired at an expense of near $1,600, and are now better than those destroyed. We cannot here refrain from ex- pressing our sincere thanks for the alacrity with which the Fire Department of the city of Lansing came to our assistance. To their energetic efforts the State is mainly indebted for the preservation of the other buildings. The enthusiastic energy with which all our boys worked is also worth}'' of all commen- dation. We would especially call the attention of the Legislature to the necessity of so amending the existing law in relation to the introduction of Female offenders as to prevent their being sent here until some arrangement shall be made for their accommo- dation, a d proper management and instruction. This would involve the necessity of additional buildings and apartments. The rapidly increasing number of inmates renders it neces- sary that provision should be made for increased accommoda- tions before the next Biennial session of the Legislature, after the present, as there are only about twenty unoccupied dormi- No. 1, 85 tories now, and the increase is more than thirty per year, as will be shown by the tables appended. We would also recommend a more rigid scrutiny into the ages of persons sent here, as several have been received'as in- mates who had nea-rly attained their majority'', and who have been almost the only participators in acts of insubordination. During the year some changes have been made in the officers of the Institution: Mr. Crosby, the Teacher, left about the 1st April ; Mr. Foster, Superintendent, 1st July ; Rev. Mr. Fisk, Chaplain, 1st August, (the present Superintendent acting as Chaplain ;) Mrs. Hibbard, Matron, 1st Sept., all having per- formed the duties of their several positions with credit to them- selves and to the satisfaction of the Board. Owing to his election to the Legislature, Dr. H. B. Shank found it necessary to resign his position, very much to our re- gret, as he has taken, ever since his appointment, a deep inter- est in all that concerned the welfare of the Institution, and much of the success of the management, and the present pros- perity of the School, may be attributed to his efforts. We would also take this opportunity to acknowledge the un- tiring zeal and assiduous care of our present Superintendent, Rev. D. B. Nichols, iii promoting the great and humane object of the Institution ; also the continued interest manifested by our efiBcient Assistant Superintendent, Mr. C. B. Robinson, in its welfare. His management of the various departments of duty assigned him, and especially his success in instructing the boys in vocal music, merit our warmest approbation. The labors of the Teacher. Rev. Charles Johnson, have been faithfully performed, and with an evident desire to do all that duty or the success of the Institution could demand. To Assistant Teacher, Garr, and all the employees of the Board, as well as to our gentlemanly contractors, .Messrs. Woodhouse & Butler, we tender our thanks for their praiseworthy efforts to encourage a spirit of e.nergy on the part of the boys to overcome the various unfortunate circumstances which led to the commission of errors, which placed them here. 86 ■ Doc. NO. 7. The subjoined report of our Treasurer exhibits the entire ex- penditure on account of the erection of the South wing of the main edifice, the construction of the kitchen, bakery, steam cooking apparatus, additional chair shop, repairs and altera- tions in the dining room, &c., together with the expense of re- pairs of the machine shop and water tower, destroyed by the fire before mentioned, A portion of these expenditures were referred to in our last annual report, to which we refer, that those amounts may not be considered as additional expendit- ures. The balance shows that the appropriation of 1859, of $20,000 00, has been overdrawn, to the amount of $1,494 28, in consequence of the fire making the expenditure necessary, and for which we ask the Legislature, at its next session, to make the necessary appropriation. All of which is respectfully submitted. JAMES TURNER, GEO. W. LEE, Board of Control. TREASURER'S REPORT. State Reform School in account luith George W. Lee, Treasurer DEBIT. 1860. Nov. IT. For cash paid for provisions for 12 months, .$3,556 66 clothing for 12 months, . . . 1,464 22 fuel for 12 months, 8T2 T3 lights for 12 months, 216 25 bedding for 12 months,. . . 465 62 books, printing and station- ery for 12 months, 351 1*7 postage 12 months, 2T 46 hospital for 12 months,. . . 223 82 domestic help, 12 months, 131 21 night watch, 511 54 salaries of officers, 12 mos., 2,931 91 Board of Control for 12 mos. 319 00 impts. and repairs, 12 mos. 2,303 39 furniture, 12 months, 101 31 farm expense, 12 months, . 1,411 32 disch. of inmates, 12 mos., 52 10 incidental expenses, " 442 29 Cash on hand, 45 00 $16,045 60 CREDIT. By cash of State Treasurer, $16,000 00 By cash for hogs sold, 35 00 By cash for 10 cords wood, 10 00 By cash for 6 barrels, 60 6,045 60 88 Doc. State Reform School in account .with George W. Lee^ Treasurer, for Riceipti^ and Disbursement.-^, in erecting South Wing, &c., under Act No. 193, Laios of 1859. DEBIT. 1859. Aug. 19. To paid John Van Husan, for freight, % 21 88 " 26. '' Dunham, for boiler and fixtures, . . 255 00 Sept. 1. " Turnor, Bros., boiler front & grates, 12 30 ''It. " " shaft for force pump and fixtures, 15 11 •' 11. To paid n. L. Thayer, for copying Elder's contract and specification, 3 50 '* 11. To paid G. H. Gassimcre, erecting kitching, 115 05 •' 11. '' building com. for sup. of S. W., . . . 100 00 " 11. " Turner & Bros., for 2 hot air fur- naces and fixtures, 332 10 " 11. To paid E. C. Crane, for lot for water ram, 50 00 " 11. " expenses to Jackson, on water works investigation, 16 25 '' 19. To paid J. Yan Husan, for freight, 2 00 " 19. " A: ahel Nichols, for tank and tub, . 55 61 " 19. " Turner, Bros., for boiler stand, .... 6 90 Oct. 13. " " " for bars for furnace and smithing, 5 13 " 13. To paid Geo. E. Dudley, for steam fitting and pipes for cooking apparatus, 409 13 " 29. To paid M. Elder, for erecting water tower, 514 17 '' 29- " " for setting boiler, 61 15 isao. Jan. 20. To paid M. Elder, for plans & specifications, 50 00 " 20. '' Burr & Grove, for hardware, S. W., 94 11 May 12. " S. R. Greeri, on accjunt of sealing school-room, 50 00 " 12. To pa'd John N. Bush, for eiec'ing boiler house, 165 00 No. t. 89 May 25. To paid M. Elder, for erecting South Wing, as per contract, $11,100 CO '' 25. To paid M. Elder, for extra work on S. W., 863 18 " 25. " " for int. on ext. of paj'mts, Nov. 22. " Woodhoiise & Butler, for materials to repair burnt shops, '' 22. To paid Woodhouse & Butler, for erecting South Wing on main shop, " 22. To paid Woodhouse & Butler, for materials and repairs, " 22. To paid J. C. Bailey, for interest, " 22. " Turners Bros., iron work un build'g, " 22. " Van Husan, for freight, 300 €0 161 11 110 95 21 15 201 50 8 GO ■ 12 33 $28,581 61 CREDIT. 1859. Nov. 15. By cash on Ingersoll's note, boy labor,. . . .$ 134 66 " 15. " of T. Foster, bal. acct. " 889 88 1860. Sept. 26. By cash of Woodhouse & Butler, boy labor, 138 01 '' one hog- sold to Elder, 10 00 " of Woodhouse & Butler, boy labor, 1,499 21 " of State Treas'r on appropriation, . 12,115 00 " acc'pt not matured, 1,000 00 " outstanding acceptance of Board of Control, 8,033 65 " 22. By cash received for discount on acceptance paid before maturity, 21 51 '' 22. By cash|.borrowed, 185 63 $23,581 61 u 26. .Nov. 22. '' 22. W " 22. t( 22. 12 90 V Doc. Xa T. Excess of disbursements over appropriation, $3,58t 61 Less amt. rec'd for labor of boys, $2,161 82 1 hog sold, 10 00 " ** discount on accptance, . . 21 51 2,193 33 $1,394 28 Due building committee, 100 00 Bal. for which an appropriation is asked by the Board, $1,494 28 Amount paid by State Treasurer on appropriations made by Act 193, laws, of 1859, $12,175 00 State Treasurer acceptance, not matured, 1,000 00 Outstanding acceptance of the Board, due February 1, 1861, 8,033 65 Cash borrowed, 185 63 Due Building Committee, 100 00 $21,494 28 Amount of appropriation, 20,000 OO Excess of expenditures made necessary by the fire,. $1,494 28 GEO. W. LEE, Treasurer, SUPERINTENDENT'S REPORT. To the Honorable Board of Control of the Michigan State Reform School : Gentlemen — I herewith present to you the following, as the fourth Annual Report of this Institution : TABLE I. Showing the number received and discharged, and the general state of the School, for the year ending Nov. 16th, 1860. Number in School at commencement of the year, 96 Number received during the year, 61 Number to be accounted for, 151 Number apprenticed during the year, 1 Number returned home as reformed, 14 Number pardoned by the Board of Control, 1 Sent to prison for assault upon an officer, 2 Number escaped during the year, Number died, 1 Number who have served out their time under the old law, 1 Whole number disposed of, 20 Number now in the School, 13t 15t 92 Doc. TABLE 2. Sliowing the Counties from lohenoe the Inmates have been received, thej^ad year and i^revioudy. COUNTIES. Past Year. Previously. ] TOTAL. I Wayne, Washtenaw, Monroe, .... Calhoun,. . . . Kalamazoo, . Shiawassee,. Ottawa., .... In9;hpcTn, .... Lapeer, .... Hillsdale,. . . Cass, Macomb, . , . Jackson, , . . Oakland, . . . St. Clair, . . . Lenawee,. . . Ionia, Eaton, Kent, Clinton, .... Livingston, . Berrien, .... St. Joseph, . Van Bnren, . Gratiot, .... Branch Genesee,.. . . 21 4 1 O 1 10 4 10 ■i8 14 5 13 8 4 6 10 3 3 4 3 11 .1 6 6 1 1 4 2 3 4 6i *20 *Two of these have been recommitted. TABLE 3. Shows the Courts by which the Commitments have been made. KAilE OF THE COURT. Past Year. Previously. Total. •Justice's Court, 29 13 12 1 48 21 5-T 14 n Police Court, Circuit Court, , Recorder's Court, 34 G9 21 Total, 61 140 201 No. TABLE 4. Shows the Admissions and Discharges for each month in (he year. NAMES OF MONTH, November, December, January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, Discbarged. Average No, TABLE 5. Causes of CoTnmitment. * CRIME. Larceny, House Breaking, Burglary, Burglary and Larceny, Horse Stealing, Manslaughter,. Vagrancy, Malicious Trespass Ntjmeee. 52 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 "61 Doc. TABLE 6. Shows the Nativity of the Iiimates and their Parents. INMATES. AMERICAN STATES. No. FOREIGN COUNTRIES. No. Miciiig'an 32 6 6 1 1 Ireland 5 New York Canada, 4 Ohio • England, 8 Tiifliana ■ . Scotland, 1 Virginia. . . Germany, 1 Holland, 1 Total Americans, 46 Total Foreigners, 15 PARENTS. NAME OF COUNTRY. Number. America, . Ireland, . , Germany, Canada, . , England, Scotland, Holland,. 29 15 5 5 3 2 2 Total number of Americans, 26 '' " Foreigners, 35 TABLE 1 Showing the Age of the Inmates when Committed. NUMBER. Age. NUMBER. Age. Two of. Eight of. Three of, Eight of. 7 10 11 12 Four of, Eight of ... . Seventeen of, Eleven of, . . . 13 14 15 16 Average age of boys sent during the year , is a traction over . .13% No. 1. 95 TABLE 8. Shoves the Occupation of the Inmates and their Parents before the Committal of the boy to this School. PARENTS. OCCUPATION. Number. OCCUPATION. Numb er. Laborers, 14 11 3 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 Pilot, Farmers, Wood Sawyer, Shiploader, Blacksmiths, Carpenters, Shoemakers, Vagrant, Surveyor, . Expressmen, Engineer, Draymen, Basket Maker, Merchant, Butchers, Sailors, Masons, Weaver, Wagon maker, Miller, Preachers, Physicians, Collector, 2 INMATES. No work, Farmers, Teamsters, Sailors, Drivers on the Canal, Worked on the river, Basket Makers, Mason tenders, Worked in a Tobacco Shop, Butchers, Chore boys, Total, 61 TABLE 9. Shows the Social Condition of the Inmates' Homes j^rior to their commitment to this School. Number of Inmates who had relatives convicted of crime,. . . 11 Number of Inmates who had lost their father, 22 Number who had lost their mother, .* 15 Number who were orphans, t Number who had step-parents, 21 Number who had been profane, 53 Number who had been untruthful, 58 Number who have been Sabbath-breakers, 49 Number who have been in the habit of gambling, 26 96 Dov Number in- the habit of going to the theatre or circus, 4*1 Number who have slept out in barns, merchandize boxes and under sheds, 46 Number who have been habituated to the use of intoxicating drinks, 38 Number who hove been drank, , 26 Number who have been in the liabitual use of tobacco, 35 Number who have been disobedient to parents, 54 Number who have been in prison from one to seven times, . .36 Number who have been guilty of theft, 61 Number included in the above table consists of those com- mitted during the year, 61 TABLE 10. Shows the Labor performed hj the various DejjartTnents of the In- stitution, except Contracted Labor. tailors' shop. AuTiciES IUde. NUJIBER. Articles Made. NuaiBEE. Oaps, Goats, Pantaloons,.. . . Vests, . Fine Shirts, . . . Bed Quilts,. . . . Pillow Slips,.. . Handkerchiefs, Table Cloths, . . Aprons, ....... 23?: 1 12 58 151 186 20 4 Striped Shirts, Over Shirts, .... Overalls, Suspenders, pairs of. . . Towels, Sheets,. jiattrasses, Jarpets, • . . Bed Spreads, Pillows, 253 60 151 150 103 119 56 3 9 9 Pieces repaired, 4,220 WASH ROOM, Number pieces washed and ironed during the year,. . . .35,811 SHOE SHOP. Commenced Sept. 24th, 1860, with two boys and a man. Shoes made for the boys, pairs of, - 65 Boots, pairs of, 1 Pairs repaired, ^ No. 1. 97 GARDEN AND FARM. Articles -Produced. Amount. 1 Work Performed. 1 Number. I Bushs. potatoes raised, . 654 Rods of carriage drives " peas " " beans " G made, 250 Rods of footpaths made. 150 " carrots " 8 No. of fruit trees set out, 275 " tomatoes " 8 Number of forest trees. Dozens of sweet corn, . 471 including Am. Larch, Bushels of onions, 9 spruce, white and Number of cabbages, . . 225 yellow pine, hemlock. Pumpkins and squashes. 594 and Arbor Vitae, . . . 4231 Bush, rutabaga turnips. 119 Number of ornamental '' round turnips, . . . 10 desiduous trees from " of corn, 226 nursery, set out, in- cluding ornamental Barrels of cucumbers, . . 7 Loads of melons, 4 121 shrubs, 28 Radishes, dozen of. ... . Total No. trees set out, . 4534 Corn fodder, loads of. . . 12 No. feet of sewers made. 162 No. lbs. of pork fatted, 2750 No.mounds constructed, One Rustic grape arbor made. 4 Remarks. — All the above improvements have been accom- plished since the first of July, and have been performed mostly by the Inmates of the School. The foregoing tables teach a lesson both instructive and im- pressive. The history of any sixty boys who are proper sub- jects for reformatory training, cannot but contain facts preg- nant with interest to every well wisher of the human family. To know of their home education, the enticing cause from vir- tue's paths, to number the wounds in the human soul which have been laid open by words of unkindness ; to behold the scars which tell of parental neglect ; to watch the progress of the tempted and neglected one in the paths of vice and crime, is a history which commends itself alike to philantropists, moral teachers and law makers as a book of facts, which should be calmly considered and attentively studied. I regret that these tables are not more complete. My ap- pointment to the responsible post of Superintendent of the School being of so recent a date, more than half of the year 13 98 Doc. having expired before I entered upon the duties of my ofl&ce, and even after I did enter upon my virork, I found it a work of such magnitude in regulating the discipline of the School, planning for the moral elevation of the boys I had been called to care for : in fine, I found myself afloat upon a perfect sea of business, care and anxiety of mind, yet every moment I could command from the necessary and pressing calls of duty, I have devo- ted to enlarging my compass of facts to spread before your honorable Board. But apart from these tables v^hich give so much important and useful information in regard to the workings of the School for the past year, there are a few suggetions which we wish to offer which cannot be reduced to the tabular form. These thoughts will pertain to the general condition and prosperity of the School, which, for the sake of convenience, we shall consider under separate topics, as follows : LABOR DEPARTMENT. It is a fact universally recognized that labor is an indispen- sable agency in the reformation of wayward youth. Many, if not a majority of the proper subjects of reformatory training, . have found their way to these Institutions because destitute of well formed habits of industry. This doctrine, that labor is an indispensable agency in the reformation of wayward youth, has long since passed into a proverb. Tjie Roman adage was written of old, " Nehil agendo male agere discimus," (by doing nothing we learn to do mischief,) is a truth as generally believed, as it is widely circulated. There is but one question as regards labor, upon which refor- matories have divided, and that has been as to the manner in which these boys should be employed. What kind of labor pays the best, morally ? Is there any kind of labor which does not contribute towards the reformation of the delinquent ? All these questions must be fairly met and carefully consid- ered by the friends of Juvenile Reform. As to the fact whether there is any species of labor which No. *?. 99 does not contribute towards the reformation of the delinquent, we desire to quote the views of a distinguished philanthropist living in Bristol, England, and who has been for years interested in Reformatory education, and has written largely upon the sub ject of Juvenile Reform, whose views, therefore, are entitled to to the greatest respect. In her evidence which she gave before the committee appointed by the House of Commons to take evi- dence upon the subject of CRimNAL and Destitute Juveniles, page 96, question 819, she speaks as follows : " Now we have heard from Lieutenant Tracy, that he found picking oakum a very useless occupation for the boys ; that their minds are not enlisted in it, that thev do not take Dleasure in it ; if thov did they have no object in doing it ; but when a boy is engaged in labor which calls out his varied powers, in which besides he hag an object in view, and where his excitability is worked off, his will is enlisted in the work." Now the above views are worthy of all deference, not only because they are spoken by one deeply versed in Reforma.tory education, but because of their agreement with experience upon this subject. I am aware that different views have been expressed and acted upon by persons who have been reputed wise ; yet I can- not but believe that the intelligent and common-sense views ex- pressed in the above extract, by Miss Carpenter, will be heurtUy acknowledged by every Reformatory Teacher. As to the question, " What kind of Reformatory labor pays the best, morally ? " I would answer, that it has been my settled conviction for more than three years past, based upon such facts from the experience of others and my own, as I have been enabled to gather, that no species of labor tends more rapidly to .develop the whole man, physically, intellectually, and mor- ally, than Agricultural employment. It is congenial to a boy's nature to work on a farm. There is no kind of work which suits equally well the activities of boyhood. But in order to do this kind of work successfully, ample room must be provided, a farm of ample dimensions should be furnished, large enougli 100 Doc. to furnish every 20 or 40 boys with a building spot for a dwel- ling house, thus making a neighborhood of Reformatories, where schools and church privileges are furnished in common for all. Wherever this plan has prevailed it has been a success. Successful experiments of this kind of Reformatory labor may be found at the Red Hill School, near London, Metray, near Tours, in France, and the Rough House, near Hamburgh, Germany. But in case the Institution is located in a large city where land cannot be obtained, unless at a vast outlay of expense, or where the facilities for extensive farming are not furnished, of course the managers of Reformatories must look in other direc- tions for employment for the inmates of these schools. Next to be preferred to Agricultural is Mechanical labor. Here again there is a choice as to the best mechanical labor for Reformatories. Some branches of mechanical labor as refor- matory agencies are greatly to be preferred to others. For example, take that kind where machinery is used, and where there is no machinery, and the former is greatly to be preferred to the latter, nor is the reason of this preference groundless, for it has its foundation in the peculiar constitution of boyhood. Boys are fond of noise and bustle. Life is all astir in the earlier days of childhood. The more stir and noise, the better pleased the child. With this understanding of things, we see why a boy who is placed in a tailor's shop or on a shoemaker's bench, feels all the burdens of labor, while a boy amid spindles and wheels, urged on by the puff of steam, feels that his work is but a pleasant pastime. The reason for this difference is apparent ; the one has an employment congenial to his nature, where his boyish activities have full scope, while the other has not. In connection with our own shops, more than once I have had occasion to mark this difference. Let our machinery stop to repair a belt, to lessen or increase the friction, and how soon is the magic power of machinery felt — how soon seen in the labor of the boys. Their motions are less rapid, enthusiasm dies,, No. T. 101 interest in labor flags, and that employment which was but a moment since regarded in the light of an agreeable pastime, now becomes burdensome ; but the belt is repaired or friction is increased or lessened, the well known puff of steam is heard, the wheels move, the din of machinery resuscitates the dying zeal and ardor of the boys, enthusiasm is rekindled and the accustomed cheerfulness restored. Our boys love to work in the shops, and I know of no better mechanical labor, as a refor- matory agency, than that in which our boys are employed. We have, at present, five shops where the inmates are em- ployed in the manufacture of chairs, under a contract of Messrs. Woodhouse & Butler. Besides the chair shops, we employ two boys in a shoe shop ; these two boys, together with the shoe- maker, have furnished shoes for the inmates of the school. In our tailor's shop we have six boys, who, under the direction of a tailor, do all the sewing, making and mending for the school. For the results of the labor of the two shops last spoken of, see Table No. 10. We have, also, employed about a dozen boys about the establishment in the dining hall, kitchen, dormitories, bake room and laundry. Within the last two months we have also employed a number of boys outside, on the farm and in fitting up the ornamental part of the front yard. I cannot close the topic without bearing testimony to the general spirit of industry which has prevailed among the inmates of this school since my connection with it. A willing spirit has pervaded nearly the whole mass, to do according to their ability, and to do what they do with cheer- fulness. These boys, even after their days work in the shop is completed, are ever ready and willing to engage in any species of labor which the exigencies of the case may require. Th€ State of Michigan, for all its care and outlay of expense in the education of these boys, has reason to look forward to the time when she will receive an ample reward for all her care, in receiving them into society as industrious members of the aame. 102 Doe. GOVERNMENT AKD DISCIPLINE. Our model for imitation in government and discipline is the Family. The motto of the house, which, displayed in a con- spicuous manner, in all of our most important rooms, is, " We are aU one family" In accordance with this motto, the Super- intendent and his family, and the resident officers and helpers of the School, eat with the boys in a common dining hall. Our boys are graded into seven classes ; each class has its chief, who presides at the table during meals. Each class has its motto, except the fifth, which has a motto in common with the sixth class. The motto of the Most Honorable class is, '^ Hon- or to xchoTTi Honor is due.^' That of the first class is, ^^ Excd- sior." That of the second class is, " Onward and upward^ " Perseverence conquers all things," is the motto of the third olass. The fourth class is the one in which each new comer is graded. The motto of this class is, " Virtue, Honor, and Hap- piness — Vice, degredation, and Misery : Choose ye." This class is called the choosing class. The classes in the downward grades are the fifth and sixth. The motto of these two classes is, " The way of the transgressor is hard." The grades are read on the first Sabbath of each month, connected with appropriate religious exercises, at which times boys are received into the "most honorable grade," when their names are recorded in the red book, entitled the ^^ Book of Hon- orP Boys, on the other hand, who go down to the sixth class, tiheir names go into the " Black BookP The greatest familiarity exists between the Superintendent of the School and the pupils. My room is at all times accessible; to those who desire counsel and sympathy. Complaints from the work-shop, school-room, and from every other source, are recorded by the principal teacher, in a Com,- plaint book kept for this purpose, and at morning prayers on each day of the week, except the Sabbath, these cases come up and are disposed of, according to their respective merits. The disposition made of these cases is also a matter of record in the Complaint book. No. t. • 103 The punishments used in this Institution are deprivation of privilege, sending the offender to his room, or restricting his diet. Corporal punishment has not been inflicted since my term of service has commenced. We have no dungeons in the Institution. Our dormitories are arranged with separate rooms. In the new dormitories the Most Honorable class, and first, and a portion of the second class, have their rooms. These rooms are not locked, nor have they been locked for the last three months past. In the lower tier of rooms in the old dormi- tory all those boys in the second class who are not in the new dormitory, and the members of the third class have recently had their locks taken cff, and the sane privileges of freedom are granted to these classes which are enjoyed by the new dor- mitory boys. Our rewards for good conduct are an extension of privilege. My door-keepers have been chosen from among the inmates of the school from the second day after I entered upon the duties of my office. Since I have been on the ground, no less than 62 boys have worked on the outsidfe with their superinten- dent at the same time with no other guard except inmates,. Numbers of boys have visited the town alone and sometimet> after dark. The trees which adorn our front yard have been obtained by the boys from 6 to 25 miles distant, with a teamster to drive the team, leaving the 8 or 10 large boys to look after themselves. This principle of trust has infused itself into the whole school. The officers trust the- boys and find that they have trustwoi'thy boys to confide in. At first, for the sake of the doubting ones, for they were many, we used great caution in the liberties we gave our boys. Many were the timely remarks which were quietly whispered in my ear, "you don't understand the character of the material with which you deal." " These boys are not like your Chicago boys, they are older and more experienced in crime." One trial after 104 Doc. another has removed the doubts of this one, and strengthened the faith of that one, and I cannot but hope that day will come when the inmates of the Michigan State Reform School will enjoy all the privileges that are enjoyed by any well regulated family in our land. God speed the day, when these doubts as to the fact whether words of kindness, and acts of sympathy are better suited to reform these poor unfortunate boys who have been set afloat upon life's rough sea, with no one to give them a friendly hint as to the course they ought to steer, or counsel them how the ship of life is to be manned, than are stern looks, acts of cruelty, whips, reproof without sympathy, dungeons and words of unkindness. Experience has reiterated the truth of the words of a distin- guished American philanthropist, again and again, "that which blows, bars, and dungeons have failed to do, has been easily accomplished by kind words and acts of sympathy." MORAL INSTRUCTION. Morning and evening the whole family assemble in the school room for prayers. At these morning and evening gatherings, addresses are often made suited to the condition of the school. A bad habit is pointed out, and the way it is to be rooted up explained ; praiseworthy acts commended and their influence upon the future life of the inmate foretold. Besides all this, each day is commenced with a watchword, given at the close of morning prayers, to the school. This watchword is a sententious saying of the ancient-s, cho- sen with reference to its adaptability to the wants and condition of the school. For example, some boy has done a wrong and has not the manliness to come out boldly and confess it, think- ing that he will not be found out. Thus the motto of the day runs thus: ^^ Daylight will peep through a small hole."' Is the boy disposed to be wasteful? if so, the watcliwutd of tl:e day would be : ''A small leak will sink a f classes cannot be safely educated together unless the most thorough separation be had. Even where the buildings have been so constructed as to ad- mit a most perfect separation, yet having the two sexes in the- immediate neighborhood, has, in man^'^ cases, resulted in great 408 Doc. trouble to the managers of these schools, an increase of care to House Officers, and has been, in many cases, attended with great hindrance to the cause of reform in both sexes who have thus been brought near each other. But our buildings have been so constructed, whether by design or not, I cannot tell, that girls could not be taken into our school, unless it be to the peril of the Reformation of the boys. Under our present system of government, where the moral elevation of the boy is soug-ht for, by moral means, even one girl might imperil the reformation of fifty boys. Again, another item to which we desire to turn the attention of your Honorable Body, is the necessity of the State of either building cheap tenements or purchasing those that are already built in the immediate vicinity of the Reform School for the use of such officers who have families and cannot be comfortably accommodated in our Reform School Buildings. At the present time some of our most efficient help live at such a distance from the Institution, that in case of fire or any other disaster in the night time occurring, we could have no advantage of their immediate help, to say nothitig of the great inconvenience we put these officers fo in going to and fro from the Institution to their homes. The purchase of land with a house upon it, in our immediate neighborhood, large enough, with a small addition, for two fam- ilies, might, I think, be obtained for the school on such terms as would greatly result to the advantage of the State. We need a few more acres of land to add to our domain, which, if we had, we could add very much to our self support and thus lessen the burdens of the State in our support, while at the same time we might derive more advantage from the officers and helpers of the school. IMPROVEMENTS. In our remarks upon this topic, we shall not be able to date back to a period prior to the time when the present Superin- tendent entered upon the duties of his office. No. 7. 109 The Tiumber of boys wbich I found in tbe School when I came, and the gradual additions made to their number, soon made it apparent that our eating room was becoming too strait for our numbers; thus, our dining hall has been enlarged by the removal of the bathing tank from the small room adjacent to the dining hall, and the connecting two other rooms with the original dining hall. This addition to the dimensions of our eating room makes us a most pleasant and comfortable hall. The room thus enlarged gave us an opportunity to carry out our cherished views upon the i&milj system. The room once prepared, received the table of the Superintendent, his family, and the other officers and helpers of the School. The effect of this change upon the inmates is most hopeful for the future, indicating that this means as a Reformatory agency, is one not to be lost sight of in seeking to reform wayward youth. The old wing has also been undergoing a renovation, and much of its gloomy appearance has been dispelled, by paint, white-wash and plaster. The old school-room has been changed into a reading room, for the privileged class of boys, w^here, at proper times, they may resort to read secular and religious journals, and such pe- riodicals as are furnished for the School. Another fine room has been fitted up as a medicine room, where all the things are kept which the sick room requires in the line of medicinal agents. Corresponding changes have been made through nearly all the rooms of the old building. These improvements have been accomplished at a moderate expense to the State, while their advantage to us in enabling us to carry out our system of gov- ernment has been of first importance. After the recent fire had demolished one of our work-shops, and that one where the machinery was principally located, a large number of boys were suddenly thrown upon our hands for us to provide with labor. At first it appeared to be a task to provide labor outside for 75 boys, who had been so long ac- customed to confinement, many of whom had never been out- 110 Doc. side the fence since they had "come inside; jet the necessity- was forced upon me, and I resolved to lay out and fit up the front yard, with proper ornamental trees and shrubs. The front yard (a five acre lot) was first divested of its corn crop, and then laid out with appropriate drives, foot-paths, mounds and lawns, adorned with a great variety of deciduous and ornamental trees. The 4,000 trees, referred to in table 10, were obtained from our neighboring- forest, the evergreen spec- imens, hemlock, spruce, white and yellow pine, with the arbor vitse, were obtained by our boys from 6 to 25 miles distant. After the completion of our front yard improvements, we commenced to lay out and adorn our fruit garden, an adjacent five acre lot. We have, by the help of our boys, been enabled to construct our carriage drives and foot-paths, adorned by a good selection of apples, pears, peaches, plum, cherry, quince, grape, currant and gooseberry. In this outside work a vast amount of labor has been per- formed by the boys. They have manifested in these improve- ments the greatest zeal and interest, and have worked with a will for their accomplishment. In all of these outside improvements, notwithstanding the amount done, the State has not been taxed. The grounds have been immeasurably improved, while there has been, it is to be lioped, a corresponding improvement in the physical, intellect- ual and moral being of the boys. Thus while the State has suf- fered no loss as regards pecuniary consideration, the inmates of the Michigan State Reform School have been gainers by the operation. CONCLUSION. 1 cannot close this report without referring to the very pleas- ant, although short acquaintance, we have had with each of the members of your Board. Your courteDus bearing towards me and mine, since my arrival in my new home, and the sympathy jou have expressed in my plans, and the encouragement and confidence you have given me, has bound me to each of you by a, cord which I hope will never be less strong than it is to-day. m t. Ill I oould not but deeply regret that one of your body, Dr. H. B. Shank, has felt that he was called upon to resign his charge as a member of the Board, when his views upon reformatory sub- jects seem eo peculiarly to fit him to serve his country and the cause of common humanity, in this capacity; yet, while he does go forth from your Board, I rejoice that he goes not forth to rest from his well earned toil in the reformatory work, but to serve his country in a still more public capacity, as one of her law-makers. The Doctor will carry to the State Legisla- ture the best wishes of tlie officers and inmates of the Michigan State Reform School. I cannot close witbo^it p<.>tioini>; tbe fs'^t that a most hearty concurrence of feeling and action has existed between our gen- tlemenly contractors, Messrs. Woodhouse & Butler, in seeking to promote the welfare and Reformation of these boys, and the officers of the school. Notwitstanding their pecuniary in- terest may suffer by the removal of boys from the shops to send them forth, when reformed, to the world, yet they have always manifested to me a most hearty co-operation in the designs and plans of this school, and have put forth commendable efforts to encourage and elevate the boys in their employ, by exciting within them aspirations after complete manhood. In contract- ing the boys to such gentlemen, I . think you have manifested great wisdom, and that the State has reason to congratulate her good fortune in having her children employed by gentlemen whose sympathies so perfectly harmonize with the officers of this school in promoting the ends of reformation. Now, gentlemen, in conclusion, I cannot but devoutly wish that our kind and induls^ent Father in Heaven will still continue to give us indications of his presence and grace in our midst, and that these hopeful indications of future good, now so clearly seen in a large majority of these boys, may be fully realized in days to come. Gentlemen, the work in which your sympathies are enlisted, and in which your energies are embarked, is a pay- ing work 5 it will pay the State well for all her care, it will pay the Board well for all their solicitude, it will pay the faithful 112 Doc. No. T. worker for all his pains. It will pay well in time, and in the day of eternity it will be said to the faithful laborer in the Reformatory field : " Inasmuch as ye have done it unto one of the least of these, my brethren, ye have done it unto rae." All of which is respectfully submitted. D. B. NICHOLS, Supt. of Mich. State Reform Schod TEACHER'S REPORT. To the Board of Control of the State Beform School : Gentlemen — Table 1st shows tlie literary attainments of the 60 boys received into the School Department of this Institution during the year ending Nov. 16, 1860 : Sec. 1st — Beading. No. who do not know the alphabet, 1 " can read easy words, 25 " sentences, 25 sentences generally, 9 a It Total, . 60 Sec. 2d — Writing. ¥o. who cannot write, 32 " can write their names, 13 " " sentences generally, 15 Total, 60 Sec. 3c? — Arithmetic. No. entirely ignorant, 30 No. who have studied primary, 1*7 " " some acquaintance with fundamental rules of written, 9 No. who have studied fractions, 3 " " through written, 1 Total, 60 . 15 114 Doo. Sec. 4tth — Geography. No. entirely ignorant, 47 No. who have studied primary, 8 " " " intermediate, 5 Total, .60 Two of this number have received some instruction in Gram- mar. Table 2d shows the literary attainments of the one hundred and thirty-seven now connected with the School : Sec. Is — Beading. No. who do not know the alphabet, 1 "■ can read in the primer,. 20 1st Reader, 21 2d 3d 4th 5th 36 33 16 10 Total, Sec. 2d — Writing. 13t 42 No. who cannot write, " can write their names, 32 " " sentences generally, 63 Total, 131 Sec. Sd — Arithmetic. No. who have received oral instruction, 39 " " studied primary, 43 " " '^ intermediate to multiplication, 19 " " " through division, 15 " " " practical, (fractions,) 14 " " " " proportion and int., 5 '' " " " through, 2 Total, 13t No. t. 115 Thirteen have studied Grammar ; twentj-one have studied History. Our instructions in Geography are given in general exercises. The foregoing Table, v^hile they show a certain condition of the scholastic attainments of the boys connected with this Insti- tution, are very far from presenting the school in the true inter- est which is apparent to the Teachers, and all others who are intimately acquainted with it. Receiving an assistant very soon after I became connected with the school, I deemed it best to deviate somewhat from the excellent classification instituted by my predecessor, Mr. Crosby. On his Arithmetical classification, boys might be intelligent readers and yet be but little advanced in Arithmetic. While this afforded more time for the study of the branch in which he was most deficient, it seemed to lessen his interest in others, because he had not text books and subjects suited to his attain- ments. We thought it best to so classify the boys that each should be assisted in advancing upon each attainment as much as possible without retarding any ; so that they are now classed as such scholars would be classed in our public Union Schools. The new and convenient school-room, with its annexed recita- tion rooms, has very much increased our capacity for comfort- ably seating, and facilities for instructing the increasing numbers which are being gathered together here. And the assemblage of the boys, when convened, has more the appear- ance of a cheerful family, devoting a few hours to mental a,cquisitions than the stiff, rigid, mewed tyroes, which our mem- ory calls up as being presented by m.any a school of our youth- ful days. We are often asked the question, " Do they seem to learn as fast as other chi^^ren ?" In reply, we repeat the words, '^otJier children P^ Has our heavenly Father made a difference? and has he stamped an inferior mental impress on these boys ? Let a man, cherishing this impression, look in upon us assembled together, and mark the bright countenances which will greet him as he enters, and while he is searching for inferiority, he 116 Doc. will be as closely noticed and as intelligent conclusions will be drawn of his character as he will form of these boys. Another question is mooted. ''Do you find it difficult to manage these boys ?" Perhaps it is more fit that the Superin- tendent should answer this question, as the management of all the departments of the Institution rests upon his hands. But it is put to us apparently in direct reference to the School-room, as if it implied difficulty at the outset. And we reply, that about the same difficulty occurs here, that generally occurs with the ^^ other children^'' mentioned above. Yet the word difficulty is not the expression that rules su- preme in this school-room. Among the mottoes that adorn the walls of our rooms is this : " Onward and Upward." This ex- presses the spirit of the school-room. A very large class of boys show this. With the moral persuasives which usher in each day's exercises, it could not be otherwise. And then, the presence of our Superintendent, repeatedly, each day, in the school-room, during our school sessions, taking a deep interest in the advancement of the scholars, asking a leading question, giving an incidental illustration, or leaving an encouraging re- mark, helps very much to infuse a cheerful and earnest spirit in all our exercises. It is evident that a marked change has ruled here for the past few months. A change appreciated by the boys, and shown by earnest efforts on their part to meet the wishes of the Superintendent, and to deport themselves so as to show that confidence placed in them has not been misapplied. Kindness, confidence, and hope have reached us, and done as much for this department as any other department of this Institution. THE sabbath school. The Sabbath School continues to be carried on, through the kindness and efforts 'of friends from the city of Lansing ; and though frequent changes have taken place during the year, some of those who labored last year are still with us, and oth- ers have joined, so that we feel especially indebted to the fol- No. 7. IIT lowing friends for their services during a part of all of the year in this labor of love and mercy: Mr. and Mrs. Viele, Mr. and Mrs. H. L. Thayer, Mrs. Upson, Mrs. D. M. Bagley, Mrs. Horace Baker, Mrs. Hibbard, Mrs. Stephens, Mrs. Mary Lewis, Misses Cuddie, Shaw, Durand, and Lane, Prof. Fisk, Mr. W. W. Middaugh, Mr. E. Turrill, and others. Many of these teachers have frequently supplied S. S. publications, which have afforded interest and profit to the boys. LIBRARY. Our boys are always ready when the time for changing libra- ry books comes, and it is at present a source of regret that we have not a larger supply for them. The only fund in our hands for this supply, is a small fee, taken at the door, of ten cents, from visitors who reside out of Lansing. A few weeks ago, Messrs. Putnam, Smith & Co., generously donated forty volumes to the Library. The eyes of the boys brightened as they saw the books brought into the school-room. We are also indebted to Mr. A. J. Yiele, book-seller of this city, for valuable books ; to Mr. H. L. Ho den, and to Mr. Zug, of De- troit, for a box of miscellaneous books and papers, for which they will please accept our thanks, and the thanks of the boys. We assure these friends that eve y new book is eagerly sought. On the occasion of the mass meeting of the 6th of September, a large concourse of visitors thronged our school, accompanied by the Charlotte Brass Band. These were assembled in the chapel and the Superintendent explained to them his system and its results. At the instance of Prof. Tenney, of our city, a collec- tion was taken up, which, with the receipts at the door, amounted to twentj^-eight dollars and eighty cents. The Band enlivening the occasion by contributing for the entertainment of the boys. The financial ot>ndition of the Library for the year, is as fol- lows : Cash on hand Nov. 17, 1859 $ 22 58 Cash received during the year, 103 97 Total, $128 55 118 Doc. No. •?. Cash paid for books during the year, $111 44 Cash on hand Nov. 16, 1860, 15 11 Total, $126 55 We are indebted to the Publishers of the following journals for copies furnished through the year to the Reading-room, for the use of the boys : Lapeer Republican, Romeo Argus, Wol- verine Citizen, Livingston Republican, Niles Enquirer, Battle Creek Journal, Ingham County News, Marshall Expounder, and Chicago Weekly Democrat. From the General Fund have been supplied the New York "Evening Post, (semi- weekly,) Detroit Advertiser (semi- weekly), Michigan State Journal, Lansing State Republican. From private individuals : The New York Independent, Pu- ritan Recorder, Congregational Journal, Oberlin Evangelist, Chicago Press and Tribune, (tri-weekty), Sunday School Times, New York Tribune, American Missionary, and various pam- phlets. These journals are gladly received by the boys, and the intel- ligence which they thus gather respecting the affairs of the outer world will assist materially in fitting them to mingle creditably in whatever sphere they may be cast. I would respectfully acknowledge the kind assistance I have received from all the officers of the school in the performance of my duties here, and especially my predecessor, Mr. H. B. Crosby, for his valuable aid as I entered this department, and also, Mr. A. W. Carr, my assistant teacher, for his earnest co-operation in every effort to advance the mental interests of the boys com- mitted to our care. In the hope that the good Father above will permit great good to be accomplished through the efforts of your Honorable Board, I respectfully submit this report, CHARLES JOHNSON, Teaehe9\ PHYSICIAN'S REPORT. To the Board of Control of the State Reform School : Gentlemen — During the first eight months of the past year, the inmates of the School enjoyed excellent health. About the middle of July, however, malarious diseases commenced, and continued for some three months with great severity. Hereto- fore, although the boys have not been exempt by any means from this class of diseases, they have suffered less than the inhabitants of the surrounding country. This fall, on the con- trary, the boys have been twofold the greater sufferers. Mala- rious diseases have been severe in this portion of the State, but proportionally much more severe in the Reform School. I am happy, however, to be able to point out with confidence the cause of this great change in the sanitary condition of the schooh Last spring, on the completion of the new wing, it became necessary to enlarge the yard. In this enlargement was in- cluded a large quantity of seasoned wood and a mass of veg- etable matter, which, exposed to the rain and sun, generated the miasmatic poison within the yard. And now the high fence' which had heretofore protected the boys, confined the malaria and prevented the winds from distributing it as it was genera- ted. This, without doubt, was the cause of the increased sick- ness in the school. I have called your attention to this matter partly as an explanation why so much sickness has existed in the institution, and partly to record in my report the lesson it has taught us for the benefit of the school in future. One death, the second one since the school was established, occurred this fall. E. Lathrop, a boy from Ann Arbor, early 120 Dog. No. 7. in the fall began to decline, and finally died, with chronic spinal meningetis. His disease was obstinate from the first, and pur- sued its course with but little disposition to yield to treatment. At present there is but one boy in the hospital who is seriously sick, and his^is a chronic case. Before he was admitted to the school, I understand, his health was poor. With this exception the boys — and officers of the school, for they too have suffered — ,are I believe rapidly regaining their former good health. Since the completion of the new wing, a convenient room has "been set apart and fitted up for a hospital. The Superintend- ent has also fitted up and supplied an office with furniture and medicine for the use of the physician, an improvement which will tell to the advantage of the school, and for which he has my thanks. And here let me express my gratitude to him for his sympathy and his active interest in the care of the sick. Mrs. Nichols, too, although almost daily suffering from the ague herself, has rendered me valuable assistance and bestowed on the boys that attention and kindness which only a good nurse can bestow. In fact, so many were in the hospital, at times, that all the officers in the school, in turn, were required to as- sist in caring for them, and I thank them all for the kind man- ner the assistance was rendered. I. H. BARTHOLOMEW, Physician. B Y-L A.V^ S OF THE MICHIGAN STATE REFORM SCHOOL. CHAPTER I. OF THE BOARD OF CONTROL. Section 1. Two members shall be necessary to form a quorum of the Board of Control for the transaction of business. In cases where a less number shall be in attendance, the meeting may be adjourned for the purpose of procuring the attendance of a sufficient number to form a quorum. Sec. 2. The Annual Meeting of the Board shall be held at the State Reform School, on the third Wednesday of November, at nine o'clock in the forenoon. Sec. 3. The Board shall also meet once in three months on their own adjournment, and as much oftener as a majority of the Board shall deem advisable. Sec. 4. Special meetings of the Board may be called by the Chairman. Sec 5. The officers of the Board of Control shall be a Chair- man, Clerk and Treasurer, who shall be severally elected at the Annual Meeting of the Board, and hold their offices for one year, and until others shall have been elected and qualified. Sec 6. The Chairman shall preside at all meetings of the Board, but in case of his absence a Chairman may be elected pro tern. Sec t. The Clerk shall keep accurate minutes of the trans- actions of the Board, in a book to be provided for that purpose, 16 122 Doc. to which the members of the Board shall have access at all rea- sonable times. Sec. 8. He shall record at full length, in a separate book to be provided for that purpose, all the Regulations and By-Laws passed by the Board of Control, to which the members of the Board, and the officers of the State Reform School, shall have access at all reasonable times. Sec. 9. He shall file and preserve all papers relating to ap- pointments for office, and all other papers relating to the busi- ness of the Board, and shall allow the members of the Board to have access to them at .all reasonable times. Sec. 10. The Treasurer shall have the charge of and be re- sponsible for ail moneys belonging to the Institution. Sec. 11. He shall pay all orders drawn on him by the Board, properly signed by the Chairman and Clerk. Sec 12. He shall keep a book in which all moneys which may come into his hands shall be debited, and in which shall be credited all moneys which shall have been properly disbursed by him, whicli book shall, at all reasonable times, be open to the inspection of the members of the Board. Sec 13. He shall execute, when required by the Board, his bond, with two sufficient sureties, to be approved by the Board, conditioned for the faithful discharge of his duties as Treasurer of the Institution, o.nd for the payment to his successor of the balance which msij be found in his hands at the expiration of his term of office. Sec 14. The account of the Treasurer shall be audited by the Board at each annual meeting. CHAPTER II. officers. Section 1. The officers of the State Reform School shaU be a Superintendent and Assistant Superintendent, a Teacher, and a Matron, who shall hold their offices during the pleasure of the Board, and a Physician and Chaplain, who shall be appointed annually. :^o. 1 123 Sec. 2. Such officers shall be elected at an annual or stated meeting of the Board. Sec. 3. The Superintendent may provide temporarily for such vacancies as may occur in the offices of the State Reform School. CHAPTER III. GENERAL DUTIES OF THE OFFICERS. Section 1. It shall be the duty of all the officers of the State Reform School, except the Physician and Chaplain, to remain constantly in the Institution, and none of the subordinate offi- cers shall leave it without permission from the Superintendent. Sec. 2. In case any officer or employee of the Institution shall be absent, or otherwise incapacitated to discharge the duties of his station, so that the Superintendent is obliged to procure a substitute, the expense of such substitute shall be deducted from the salary of such officer or employee. Sec. 3. All the subordinate officers, except the Physician and Chaplain, in addition to the appropriate duties of their respective offices, shall act as aids to the Superintendent in preserving order and quiet among the inmates, in guarding against escapes, and in. maintaining the rules and discipline of the Institution. They shall also perform such other services as- shall be required of them by the Superintendent. CHAPTER IV. DUTIES OF superintendent AND ASSISTANT SUPERINTENDENT. Section I. The Superintendent shall have the general charge of the interests of the Institution, shall conduct the correspon- dence, preserving files of the letters received and copies of important ones sent. Sec. 2. He shall enter, in books provided for that purpose, the name and age of every inmate, with a brief description of bis person, the time when he was received, the place from which he was sent, the offense for which he was committed, and the time when he was discharged, and if apprenticed, the name 124 ^oc. and place of residence of the person to whom he was appren- ticed ; and in case of death, the time and cause of his death, together with such other facts relating to his history as he may think worthy of preservation. Sec. 3. He shall keep a journal, in which he shall record daily, everything deemed worthy of notice, which journal shall at all times be open to the inspection of the members of the Board of Control. Sec. 4. He shall procure the necessary supplies for the State Keform School. Sec. 5. He shall keep an accurate account of the current ex- penses of the Institution, and all moneys received from contrac- tors or others for the services of the Inmates, and shall pay over the same to the Treasurer. Sec. 6. He shall lay before the Board of Control all applica- tions for apprentices, or servants, and the names of such of the inmates as he thinks may properly be discharged from the Insti- tution. Sec. 1. He shall at least once a day, visit all departments of the Institution, and shall SQe that the officers are prompt and efficient in the discharge of their duties, and shall report to the Board of Control any deficiency in this respect. He shall en- deavor, by being present as frequently as maybe, in the school- room and work-shops, to encourage the Teachers and Overseers in the discharge of their duties, and to assist them in preserv- ing good order, and in securing diligence on the part of the in- mates. Sec. 8. The Assistant Superintendent shall aid the Superin- tendent, under his direction, in the discharge of his duties, and in case of his death, absence or inability, shall fill his place for the time being. CHAPTER Y. Section 1. The Teachers shall instruct the inmates in such branches as may be required, and shall use all proper means to inspire them with a love of study. No. t. 125' Sec. 2. They shall take charge of the inmates at all times when in the school rooms, except when relieyed or excused, and shall require them to be in their places at the appointed time, unless they are absent by permission. They shall also attend to the cleanliness, and ventilation, and order of the school- rooms, and shall be responsible for the care and preservation of all books, furniture, and apparatus provided for the same. Sec. 3. In conjunction with the Assistant Superintendent they shall have the oversight of the recreation of the boys ; see that they go properly to bed, rise punctually upon the ring- ing of the bell in the morning, make their beds in a proper manner, attend to their morning washings, see that they are properly in their workshops at the appointed hours for labor, and also wait on visitors and show them through the Institu- tion at the hours allotted for the same. Sec. 4. The principal Teacher shall also act as Librarian, and shall keep a regular list of the books and maps belonging to the Library. CHAPTER VI. DUTIES OF PHYSICIAN AND CHAPLAIN. Section 1. The Physician shall visit the State Reform School and inspect the inmates with a view to ascertain the state of their health, at least once in two weeks, and shall make such suggestions to the Superintendent as he shall think needful, in regard to the regimen of the inmates, and the best methods of preventing disease. Sec 2. He shall attend promptly in all cases of sickness, and shall repeat his visits as often as may be necessary. Sec 3. The Chaplain shall perform religious services at least once a day on the Sabbath, at the State Reform School, at such hours as the Superintendent shall direct. Sec 4. It shall be his duty to visit and converse with the in- mates at least once in two weeks, especially in dangerous ill- ness, and to perform funeral services in case of death. 126 Doo. CHAPTER VII. WATCHMAN. Section 1. A person, to act as watchman, may be employed by the Superintendent, and under his direction, shall perform a regular patrol throughout and around the buildings. Sec. 2. He shall exert his utmost diligence to guard the build- ings against fire; and if fire is discovered, he shall forthwith notify the Superintendent, but shall not give a general alarm until so ordered by the Superintendent. CHAPTER YIIL DUTIES OF MATRON. Section 1. The Matron shall have the general supervision of the hospital, laundry, kitchen, dining-room, bakery, dormitories, &c. CHAPTER IX. OF THE LIBRARY. Section 1. A Library of well selected books, maps and peri- odicals, shall be kept at the State Reform School, for the use of the inmates. Sec. 2. An entrance fee of ten cents shall be paid to the door- keeper by every person visiting the State Reform School, ex- cepting such as may be exempted from the payment of the same by the Superintendent. Sec 3. Moneys so collected shall be paid to the Librarian, and shall constitute a fund for the maintenance and increase of the Library. Sec. 4. The Librarian and Superintendent shall be a Standing Committee on the Library, and shall report to the Board at each annual meeting, the condition of the Library, and the state of the funds appropriated for its increase and maintenance. No. 7. 121 CHAPTER X. PROVISIONS OF A GENERAL NATURE. Section 1. No spirituous liquor or intoxicating drink shall be brought into the State Reform School, without permission from the Superintendent. Sec. 2. No tobacco shall be furnished to the inmates. Sec. 3. Sports^ and innocent amusements may be freely allow- ed among the inmates, but no - species of gaming, either for amusement or otherwise, shall be permitted at the State Reform School. Sec. 4. Each inmate, on being discharged from the State Re- form School, shall be furnished with a Bible or Testament. Sec. 5. No visitors shall be allowed to hold any communicar tion with the inmates, or to address them, without permission from the Superintendent. Sec. 6. No inmate shall be permitted to receive any money or presents from any person whomsoever, except by consent of the Superintendent. Sec. 7. Every inmate of the School will be required, when in health, to employ a portion of the hours of each day, except the Sabbath, in some department of manual labor ; thus when a boy has been placed in a particular department of labor, he 6hall, on no account, be detained from -his appropriate work by any person, vfithout an order to that effect from the Superin- tendent. Sec. 8. All persons employed in the Institution shall attend the daily devotional exercises and religious services of the Sabbath, unless special leave of absence be granted by the Su- perintendent. Sec. 9. All persons employed in the service of the School, in whatever capacity, should feel it incumbent upon themselves to see that all the rules and regulations of the School are strictly observed, and should report promptly to the Superintendent any failure therein. * Sec. 10. No person employed in the service of the Institu- 128 Doc. tion shall, at any time, absent themselves from the premises, without permission from the Superintendent, and in no case shall more than tivo jjersons be absent at one and the same time. Sec. 11. All persons employed in the service of the School will be required to rise at the ringing of the morning bell, un- less disabled by sickness. Sec. 12. No light, except it be contained in a lantern, shall be carried into any of the work-shops, dormitories, cellars, boiler- room, or any of the out buildings. Sec. 13. Citizens may visit tiie Institution, and be shown through the establishment, on any day of the week, except the Sabbath, between the hours of 9 A. M. and 4 P. M. Sec 14. Divine service will be held at the chapel of the Re- form School every Sabbath morning at 10| o'clock, and Sabbath School exercises, or familiar lectures on the Bible, in the after- noon at 21 o'clock. Sec. 15. The time for rising, for school, for refreshment, for recreation, and for sleep, during the several months of the year^ shall be as stated in the annexed table. No. 7. 129 H o ^. o I— ( P 17 (^ O CI " CO O O o ^2; iOtO»OOtOLOiOOO>OiOO <:£>i:0«C>Oi;OcOOOOOO'^ |S 1 3 o COQCGOOOGOCQOOOOOOOOGOQO o KW t^l'* wi- standing claims belonging to the University fund, and the early designation, by Congress, of the fractional balance of the orig- inal two townships of land, which have never yet been properly transferred to the University lands of this State. And we would also renew our request that the proper means may be promptly taken to urge upon the attention of our Senators and Representatives in Congress, the desirableness of an early and favorable action of Congress upon the recommendation of a former Legislature of this State, that a further appropriation of land should be made by Congress out of the unappropriated lands of the State, for the purpose of materially increasing the . permanent fund of our State University. By order of the Board. HENRY P. TAPPAN, President. D. L. Wood, Secretary. ABSTKACT FROM THE PRESIDENT'S ANNUAL MESSAGE. To the Honorable the Board of Regents : Gentlemen : — The last year has been signalized by the inau- guration and successful prosecution of the Law Department. The University of Michigan therefore has reached the compass and dignity of three learned Faculties. This is all that ever was contemplated by its founders, all that has been prescribed in the organic law, and perhaps all that is possible in a State Institution where the predominance of no sect is admissible. Time alone can show whether an unsectarian Theological Fac- ulty, in whole or in part, can be constituted. It is possible, however, that a Theological Faculty may grow up within the atmosphere and under the shadow of the University, as an independent and distinct organization. In this case we should have all the Faculties existing in the same place, and perhaps accomplishing all the ends of learned association, without any union of Church and State. It is a subject of hearty gratulation that so much has been accomplished in this young State, and in a time so limited. We have collected and are enabled to sustain a very respect- able number of professors, while the number of our students is fast approaching that of the oldest and most fully developed institutions in our country. The following statement will show our condition during the past year : I.— PROFESSORS AND INSTRUCTORS. Department of Medicine, 9 Department of Law, 3 Department of vScience, Literature and the Arts, It 18 138 Doc. From which, deducting two connected with two departments, one Emeritus professor, and one not on duty, and we have a total of twenty-five Professors and Instructors on duty. II.— STUDENTS. Department of Medicine, 164 Department of Law, 90' Department of Science, Literature and the Arts, 265 Total, 519 Of these there graduated in The Department of Medicine, 19 The Department of Law, 24 The Department of Science, Literature and the Arts, 3t In addition to which there were Admitted to the Degree of M. A., ^ 25 Admitted to the Degree of M. S., 2 Total admitted to academic degrees, 101 III.— LIBRARY AND MUSEUM. These, already highly respectable, are steadily increasing. It affords me great pleasure to announce that the Gallery of Fine Arts will, ere long, be enriched by the beautiful statue of Nydia, in marble, from the hand of our native artist, Rogers — the contribution of citizens of Ann Arbor. In this place I beg to call the attention of the Regents to the great importance of taking measures to secure, at a i early a day as possible the erection of a suitable building for the Li- brary. This building should be constructed on a plan to admit of indefinite enlargement accordingly as the number of our books and of our students shall increase. In this building all our books should be collected, and reading- rooms should be provided to accommodate, in the most conve- nient manner, the students of the various departments. The building now in part occupied by the Library, might No. 1. 139 then be entirely devoted to the Museum. Our collections al- ready require more ample accommodations. By such an ar- rangement, too, they would be more perfectly secure against the accident of fire. It is painful to contemplate, under our present arrangement, the possibility of a catastrophe involving losses which no amount of insurance could restore. IV.— ANALYTICAL LABORATORY. Sixty-seven students received instruction in the Laboratory during the last year. It was thus filled to its utmost capacity. This popular and important branch of the University demands larger accomodations. Applications for admission have to be made in advance. Many, of course, who are desirous of avail- ing themselves of its privileges, are necessarily debarred. VIII.— DISCIPLINE. The conduct of our students has generally been satisfactory and commendable. There have been no cases during the past •year requiring severe discipline. FroFQ year to year there has been a manifest advance in scholarly, manly and moral deportment. We may justly claim in this respect not to be surpassed by any other institution of learning in our country. This is to be attributed in part to the fact that a large proportion of our students are young men who have to rely altogether or chiefly upon their own exertions to gain an education. They are drawn here by the love of knowl- edge ; and an education to them is a prize to be won, and not a penance imposed by authority. Much also is due to the system of discipline which the Presi- dent and Faculty have, from the beginning of their appointment, carried out. This system is \)ased upon two cardinal principles: First, that of regulating the conduct of the students through- the requirements of the course of education. Each student is required to pursue studies sufficient to occupy his whole time. His performances in the recitation room con- 140 Doc. stitute the test of his industry and faithfulness. If there be a deficiency here he must account for it. This of course leads to inquiry into his habits and daily conduct. His unexcused de- linquencies are marked. When five marks are recorded against him, a communication is made to his parents or guardian. When ten marks are recorded he is considered as no longer a member of the University. He thus dismisses himself by his own act. A multitude of laws might be enacted defining and enjoining proprieties of conduct, that would only serve to awaken opposi- tion, inspire the student to practice stratagems to elude vigi- lance, and cause infinite perplexity in their execution. The single regulation above mentioned, connects itself directly with the daily life of the student, makes an appeal to his sense of obligation which he cannot gainsay, encourages him to honor- able exertion, binds him to habits of diligence, imposes the necessity of a,voiding places of dissipation and evil company, and when he is dismissed leaves him without excuse. It de- mands of him to be a good scholar ; and if he be a good scholar, he can hardly have time, opportunity or taste for dissipation, or any conflicting pursuit. This one regulation, therefore, strictly carried out, contains within itself essential and powerful discipline. The second principle is that of teaching the student that, in order to become a scholar and a man, he must assume the re- sponsibilities of thought and self government. The education upon which he enters here is not a passive reception of knowl- edge, but an active self education. He here, indeed, enjoys peculiar advantages in a material of knowledge collected ready to his hand, in the instruction and example of professors in various branches of learning, in the healthful inspiration of generous competition, and in breathing continually the atmos- phere of liberal culture. But he is taught that these do not necessarily fashion him into the scholar. Under all these appli- ances, he alone can make himself the man of science, the man of literature, the man of cultivated intellect and taste. No. 1. 141 In like manner, he is taught that he cannot be absolutely shielded against temptations to vice ; that he lives in a world where evil besets him ; and that he possesses within himself a weak and erring nature. But that, on the other hand, he is provided with the light of truth to guide him, and with immortal incentives to virtue, with the encouragement of holy examples, and the promise of heavenly aids ; that, amid the darkness and the light, the evil and the good, the liabilities to err and the possibilities of achieving for himself all that is meant by worth and character, lies his course, and that he must apply himself- to the battle of life and acquit himself as becomes a man. In carrying out this principle, experience has taught us that much more can be done in restraining youth from vice, or, when they have gone astray, in winning them back to virtue, by pri- vate, affectionate and paternal admonition and advice, hj ap- pealing to their inward sense of truth, honor and rectitude, by addressing their manly fears and hopes, than by threats of enforcing statutes, or the infliction of public disgrace. Teach- ers gain the most powerful control over their pupils v/hen thcj^ inspire them with the conviction, that in their teachers the}^ have found their warmest and most reliable friends. Young men who are dead to the sentiments involved in such a discipline are already degraded in nature, and cannot long be held in check by the most rigid measures within the province of an institution of learning. They should be simply remanded to their parents and guardians, to whom properly belongs the responsibilities of a severer control. XI.— THE COURSES NOW PURSUED IN OUR DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS, AND THE TIME ALLOTTED THEM. I. THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. The annual session commences on the first day of October, and continues until the last Wednesday of March. Four lectures are delivered daily. Previous to each lecture the students are carefully examined upon the subject of the preceding lecture. 142 . Dog. The total number of lectures in the term will thus be between six and seven hundred. In addition to this, the class is divided into sections for exam- ination of various tissues of the body by means of microscopes ; so that each student has repeated opportunities for becoming familiar with the minute structure of parts, and also the practi- cal working of the instruments. To be admitted to the degree of "Doctor of Medicine," the student must exhibit evidence of having pursued the study of Medicine and Surgery for the term of three years with some respectable practitioner of medicine (including lecture terms ;) must have attended two full courses of lectures, the last of which must have been in the College of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Michigan, and the previous one in this or some other respectable medical institution ; must have been engaged in the study of practical anatomy ; must be twenty-one years of age ; must have submitted to the Faculty a thesis composed and written by himself on some medical topic, and have passed an examination, at the close of the term, satisfac- tory to the Faculty. The second course of lectures does not advance to new sub- jects, but is substantially, if not literally, a repetition of the first. The students in medicine are thus arranged in one class. It will be remarked that the report of the Committee on Med- ical Education of the American Medical Association recommends that the students be arranged into two classes — a junior and a senior class — and that two corresponding grades of instruction be instituted. II. DEPARTMENT OF LAWS. The design of the department is to give a course of instruct tion that shall fit young gentlemen for practice in any part of the country. The course will embrace the several branches of constitutional, international, maritime, commercial and criminal law, medical jurisprudence, and the jurisprudence of the United States ; and will include such instruction in common law and No. 7. 143 equity pleading, evidence and practice, as will lay a substantial foundation for practice in all departments of the law. The course will be continued through a period of two years, with one term in each year, commencing on the first Monday of October, and continuing until the Law Commencement in the last week of March ensuing. Ten lectures and examinations will be had each week during the term. For the first year they will embrace the following subjects : PROFESSOR CAMPBELL. The Origin and History of Equity Jurisdiction ; The G-eneral Heads of Equity Procedure, and Nature and Forms of Equitable Remedies ; Criminal Law ; The Laws of Evidence, and their Application in Legal Pro- ceedings. PROFESSOR WALKER. Contracts ; Title to Personal Property by Gift, Inheritance, Sale, Mortgage Assignment, and by Operation of Law ; Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes, and Commercial Lav/ generally. PROFESSOR COOLEY. Estates in Real Property ; Easements ; Title to Real Property ; The Domestic Relations ; Wilis, their Execution, Revocation and Construction. For the second year, the following subjects : PROFESSOR CAMPBELL. Some Special Heads of Evidence, and Equity Jurisprudence ; Equity Pleading and Practice ; Jurisprudence of the United States ; Shipping and Admiralty. 144 Do«, PROFESSOR WALKER. Agency ; Bailments : The Law of Corporations ; Common Law Pleading and Practice. PROFESSOR COOLEY. Constitutional Law : Partnership ; Uses and Trusts ; The Administration and Distribution of Estates of Deceased Persons. A Moot Court is held at least once a week during^ the term for the argument of cases previously given out by the profes- sors to students designated to discuss them. They will be presided over by the professor lecturing for the day, who, at the conclusion, will review the arguments and give his decision upon the points involved. Club Courts will also be organized »among the students, to be arranged and conducted among them- selves, with such assistance from the members of the Faculty as may be desired. These courts, thus far, have been found both interesting and exceedingly useful. The degree of Bachelor of Laws will be conferred upon such students as shall pursue the full course of two years in this department, and pass an approved examination. It will also be conferred on those who, having attended another Law School for a period equal to one year of our course, or practiced law for one year under a license from the highest court of general jurisdiction in any State, shall also pursue one year's course in this department, and pass a likc'examination. Candidates for degrees must announce themselves as such to the Dean of the Faculty at least three months before commence- ment. They must be twenty-one years of age, and each will be required to prepare and deposit with the Faculty, at least one month before graduation, a dissertation, not less than forty folios in length, on some legal subject selected by himself. These theses will be hied and preserved in the library. No. t. 145 It will be remarked tLat in this department the course of lectures of the second year is in continuation of the course of the first year, and not a repetition of the same. III. DEPARTMENT OF LITERATURE, SCIENCE AND THE ARTS. Classical Course — First Year f Freshmen). First Semester — Latin; Greek; Algebra. Second Semester — Latin; Greek; Algebra and Geometry. Second, Year (Sophomores). First Semester — Latin; Greek; Geometry and Trigojiometry. Second Semester — Latin and Greek; History and Rhetoric; Trigonometry; Analytical Geometry. Third Year f Juniors). First Semester — French ; Physics ; History and Greek. Second Semester — French; Botany; Latin and Astronomy; Chemistry and Mineralogy. Fourth Year (Seniors). First Semester — Philosophy; Greek and Latin. Elective Studies — Astronomy; Analytical Chemistry and De- terminative Mineralogy; Zoology; German; Civil Engineering. Second Semester — Philosophy; Geology. Elective Studies — Astronomy; Applied Chemistry, Analysis of Soils, Minerals, &c.; German; Agricultural Science; Lee tures on History; Greek and Latin. Scientific Course — First Year (Freshmen). First Semester — History; English Language; Algebra and Geometry. Second Semester — History; Rhetoric; Geometry and Trigo- nometry. Second Year (Sophomores). First Semester — Drawing; English Literature; Surveying and Descriptive Geometry. 19 146 Doc. Third Year (Juniors). First Semester^French; Calculus; History and Astronomy. Second Semester — French; Botany; Analytical Mechanics; Chemistry and Mineralogy. Fourth Year (Seniors). First Semester — Philosophy. Elective Studies — Spherical Astronomy and Use of Instru- ments; Analytical Chemistry and Determinative Mineralogy; Zoology; German; Civil Engineering. Second Semester — Philosophy; Geology. Elective Studies — Astronomy; Applied Chemistry, Analysis of Soils, Minerals, &c.; German; Agricultural Science; Lec- tures on History; Civil Engineering. There are four courses of study presented in this scheme: 1. The Classical Course: Those who complete this, graduate Bachelor of Arts. 2. The Scientific Course: Those who complete this, graduate Bachelor of Science. 3. The Course of Civil Engineering: This course embraces the second and third year of the Scientific Course. The studies of the third year are as follows: TJiird Year. Leveling — Theory and Practice. Road Engineering — Common and Railroad, Hydrographical Engineering — Surveys of Rivers, Harbors &c. Draughting — Plans, Elevations, Sections, Tinting and Stone Cutting. Resistance of Material — Mathematical Theory. Machines — Transformation of Motion. Physical Mechanics — Friction, Torsion, Hydraulics. Architecture — Classifications, &c. Topographical Surveying ; Field-work ; Maps. Constructions ; Retaining Walls and Bridges. Steam and Locomotive Engines. Hydraulic Motors — Water Wheels. , No. 7. 147, Practical Astronomy — Observations and Reductions for Time. Latitude and Longitude. Geology. Higher Geodesy — Spherical Surveying. Thesis. The third year of the course will be pursued in two parts ; one consisting of the more ordinary operations of the practical Engineer, and the other of practical Astronomy, analytical in- vestigations of the resistance of materials, motors, machines and constructions. The former can be profitably pursued by those members of the Senior Class who wish to take engineer- ing as an elective study, and students in select courses who have not a knowledge of higher mathematics. . 4. The Optional Course : The course here varies according to the selections of the student. No student, however, is allowed to select a branch which he is not prepared to pursue to advant- age. Three branches must be pursued at the same time, unless special permission be obtained from the Faculty to pursue less or more. Students in optional courses do not graduate. Professors Williams, Boise and Frieze give instructions in the classical course only. Professor Wood gives instruction only in the scientific course and in the course of civil engineering. Professor Douglas gives instruction in both courses, and also in the MedicalCollege and the Analytical Laboratory. Professor DuBois assists him in all. The new professorship offered to Professor Watson belonged to the scientific course. Professor Brunnow gives instruction in both courses, and in the school of civil engineering. The remaining Professors, namely, Tappan, Fasquelle, Winch- ell, Brooks and White, give instruction in both courses. One of the instructors during the past year assisted in Greek and French, one in Latin, and one in the scientific course and in the school of engineering. In the Senior year there is considerable diversity in the class- ical and scientific courses arising from the elective studies. At 148 Doc. the beginning of the first semester the students in the former elect one study, and those in the latter, two studies. At the beginning of the second semester they each elect one study. Optional students, of course, may elect at the same time-. The following table exhibits the number of elective students of the past year : FIRST SEMESTER. Stadies. Sen. Class. Opt. Students. Total. German, 32 3 35 Zoology, 7 Higher Astronomy, 1 An. Chemistry, 9 SECOND SEMESTER. German, 27 Higher Astronomy, 1 An. Chemistry, , 9 ******* I here subjoin a tabular view of the rate of instruction to the number of students in the classical department of several of the leading institutions of our country compared with our own, TABLE Exhibiting the Number of Professors and Tutors and Students in the Classical Course of Different Institutions. 2 9 3 4 58 m t u 3 4 58 m msriTDTIGNS. 5 - —I c — ' 5 1^ U to . <3 "University of Miciiigan,. . Harvard , Brown , Columbia, Dartmouth, Uuion University of Virginia, .. University of Mississippi, Yale, 185 409 186 17g 249 262 258 162 473 11 18 18 n 23 22 22 20 81 Mean number of students to an lastrictor, 21. * * * * As the University increases in the number of its student^, the question of dividing the classes and the consequent increase of professors or instructors cannot be avoided. No. 1. 149 Whenever compelled to consider this, and if now compelled to consider it, it will be worthy of inquiry whether permanent assistant professors be not preferable to temporary instructors. If we decide upon assistant professors, it may be possible to engage one equally competent to instruct the lower classes in the languages and in the mathematics, and who, therefore, may be employed in both. FINANCE REPORT. To the Board of Regents of the University of Michigan : The Finance Committee of the Board of Regents, submit the following statement of receipts and expenditures on account of the University of Michigan for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1860, with an estimate of the receipts and expenditures for the year ending June 30, 1861. RECEIPTS. Cash in the Treasury, July 1, 1859, $5,620 56 '^ Received during the year from the State Treas- urer, 28,409 78 " Received from all other sources, 5,705 43 EXPENDITURES. Warrants paid during the year, $37,743 08 Cash on hand, 1,992 69 $39,735 77 $39,735 77 Warrants outstanding at commencement of the year, $ 45 00 Warrants issued during the year, 39,125 08 Warrants paid during the year, $37,743 08 Warrants outstanding now, 1,427 00 $39,170 08 $39,170 08 Outstanding Warrants. The following list o.jntains the amounts and numbers of out- standing Warrants : Doc. No. t. 151 No. Amount. 893,.... I 30 00 1,155, 375 00 1,156, 312 50 1,160, 250 00 1,161, ^ 250 00 1,168, ^ 125 00 1,169, 75 00 1,174, 5 00 1,175, 4 50 $1,427 00 Estimated Receipts for the ensuing year. Interest on proceeds of lands sold, $35,000 00 " last year, not yet received, 6,000 00* Rents of dwelling houses, 950 00 From all other sources, 4,000 00 $45,950 00 Balance cash on hand, . 1,992 69 $47,942 69 Estimate of Expenses for the year ending June 30, 1861. Salaries of President, Professor, and other employees, $30,400 00 To pay outstanding Warrants, 1,427 00^ " unpaid appropriations of last year for Law Li- brary, 1^000 49 " other appropriations for which Warrants have not yet been issued, 1,145 00 " Ptegents' and Visitors' expenses, 700 00 '' postage, 100 00 " printing and binding, 1,000 00 " insurance, 600 00 For Miscellaneous Library, 3,000 00 For Law Library, 500 00 For periodicals, 350 00 152 Doc. No. 8. For ordinary incidental expenses, 4,000 00 For extraordinary " 1,500 00 Balance, 2,220 00 $4t,942 29 The accompanying report of the Secretary of the Board of Regents, marked A, shows the numbers and amounts of the several Warrants issued during the year, and the object foT which, and the names of the persons to whom they were issued. The accompanying report of the Treasurer of the University, marked B, shows the numbers and amounts of the several War- rants paid during the year, and the items of receipts and the .sources from v^^hence received. The committee have recommended an unusually large appro- priation to the general Library for the ensuing year, and all that the present means of the University will allow. They only regret that it cannot be made larger, and they deem it quite unnecessary to make any other apology for this, than to state that there are many important American works, indispensable to a well selected library, which are not in this Library ; and it needs strengthening very much in this respect. All which is respectfully submitted. Dated at Ann Arbor, July 1, 1860. In behalf of the Committee, DONALD McINTYRE, Chainnan of Financial CommiMee. REPOET OF THE BOARD OF YISITORS TO THE UNIVERSITY. To Hon. J. M. Gregory, SupH Public Instruction: It is with great reluctance that I make the following report, as an individual member of the Board of Visitors to the Uni- versity. The reason why it does not come from the full Board is this, and seems unavoidable. The Hon. Cha's Noble, one of the Members, informs me by letter, in reply to my request that he should assist in its preparation, — that he was totally unable to be present at the examinations, and therefore could not join in the report. The Hon. M. A, Patterson, the otlier Member, in a similar manner informs nie that he is at present not in such a situation as to attend to busines of a public nature on ac- count of a severe douiestic berevement. This is the more unfor- tunate because the former gentleman having heretofore occupied a position upon this Board, could bring to his aid a ripe experi- ence and mature judgment in matters connected with the Uni- versity, while the latter, having already been a Member of the Board of Eegents, and also on account of a personal examina- tion which he has made of the Medical Department, conld speak from his eminent professional knowledge in that respect, of the wants of that department better than any Member of the Board. Both request me to make this report. I comply, with deep regret that I have not the assistance of their maturer judgment, but not without the hope that you may yet receive their opinion upon the subjects embraced herein. The law of our State which prov'des for the appointment of a Board of visitors to the University — C. L. Chap. 26 ; § 21, — also defines their duties. These duties are " to make a personal 20 154 Doc. examination into the state and condition of the University in all its branches, at least once, a year, and to report the result to the Superintendent, suggesting such improvements as they may deem important." Thus the Board of Visitors seem to have been constituted as an independent body, responsible to neither "the faculties of the University, nor the Regents, and for the purpose — acting thus independently — of examining into the necessities of the various departments composing the Univer- sity, and suggesting relief when required. Upon the threshold of our investigations we were met by the fact that the State of Michigan possessed a great and free In- stitution of learning within its borders, which was rapidly be- coming a crowning glory to our people. Its influence is no longer circumscribed by the the border of our State, but cities and hamlets to the east, west, north and south, have heard of the new temple erected to Minerva, and their sons are already seeking its halls and cloisters. With its present efficient and able corps of Professors, and a Board of Regents, who have managed its financial matters with ability, the University of Michigan is to-day a monument of the inteligence and liberality of the people of the State whose name it bears. PROFESSORS AND INSTRUCTORS. The following is the number : Department of Science, Literature and the Arts, It " " Law, 3 '^ •' Medicine, 9 The total number of students in attendence during the past year was five hundred and nineteen. They were divided as follows : Department of Science, Literature and the Arts, 265 " " Medicine, 164 " Law, i 90 Some of this number were necessarily absent a portion of the year engaged in teaching or other occupations, which the American student often finds necessary while acquiring his col- legiate education. No. 7. 155 The number of graduates in the Department of Science, Liter- ature and the Arts, was thirty-seven, in the Department of Law, twenty-four, and in the Department of Medicine, nineteen. The degree of A. M., was conferred upon twenty-five, and that of M. S., on two young gentlemen. ■ COURSE OF STUDY. In both the Medical and Law Department, the course has been strictly, and we think quite successfully, carried out. The De- partment of Literature, Science and the Arts, has three prescrib- ed courses of study — the Classical, the Scientific, and the course of Civil Engineering. This involves three different graduation degrees ; Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science and that of Civil Engineer. In the Medical Department, but one course of study is prescribed. The same is true of the Law Department. The Board of Eegents have also introduced a course of elective- studies, by which the student can select particular gtudies and pursue them to greater extent and far greater proficiency, than the time allotted in the regular course of study would allow. This feature of the course w^e regard as an advancement upon the idea of limiting all the studies by four arbitrary years. It has ever been the aim and object of the Eegents and the Fac- ulty, to make the course of study'in the undergraduate depart-^ ment not only as complete as possible, to answer the immediate object of mental development and cultivation ; but to have another, and at the same time, more practical bearing upon tha studies and pursuits of after life. For this purpose the optional or partial course of study was introduced, that students might- have a better opportunity to perfect themselves in those par- ticular brandies which would be of practical utility in after life. The Scieii'dnc course has a somewhat similar object. It is limited to four years, and embraces the same number of classes as the Classical course. Mathematics of greater range — Eng- lish language and Literature and B[istor3^, take the place of the Classics. Both these courses — the optional and the scientific — seem to be iully accomplishing the object of their adoption. 156 Ooc. MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. In this department, the course of instruction consists of lec- tures and examinations. Four lectures are delivered daily. The term begins the first of October, and ends the last Wed- nesday in March. LAW DEPARTMENT. The course embraces Commercial, Maritime, Criminal, Inter- national and Constitutional Law; with instructions in Common Law, Evidence and Practice. The full course for graduation is two years, of one session each. The year begins the first Mon- day of October, and ends the last week of March. Ten lectures and examinations are had each week. Moot courts are held each week. The organization of this departmeut completes the organiza- tion of the faculties as originally contemplated. We have had, as yet, but one year of practical workiag, yet we feel happy in saying it has fully met the expectation of all in its supplying a long felt necessity. We regret exceedingly not having been present at the annual examination of the first class in March last. This being its first year, no regular time was fixed for the examination, and your committee depended upon a special notification from the Professors in this department, and made arrangements accordingly with them. From some misappre- Ihension of their understanding, we failed to receive such no- tice, and consequently cannot speak of it. It is to be hoped that some method may be hereafter adopted to obviate this oo For the present year, however, owing to a change in the time of the Commencement, the second, or Winter term, will begin the fourth Thursday of November, and, with the recess during the holidays, continue till the fourth Wednesday in March. Classes will be formed both at the opening of this term, and also immediately after the recess in January. CALENDAR 1 860. Aug. 21. Fall Term of thirteen weeks begins — Tuesday morning. Nov. 20. Fall Term ends — Tuesday night. Vacation of on€ week. Nov. 29. Winter term of fifteen and one-half weeks begins — Thursday morning. Dec. 22. Recess for the Holidays — Saturday night. 1861. * January 2. Recitations resumed — Wednesday morning. March 27. Winter term ends — ^Wednesday night. '' 28. Spring Term of thirteen weeks begins — Thursday morning. June 24-26. Examination — Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday " 21. Commencement — Fourth Thursday in June. VACATION OF THIRTEEN WEEKS. Sept. 26. Fall Term begins — Thursday morning. Dec. 21. Fall Term ends — Saturday night. REPORT OF THE VISITING COMMITTEE OF OLIVET COLLEGE. To the Hon. J. M. Gregory, SupH of Public Instruction : The undersigned, having been appointed a committee to visit Olivet College, would respectfully report, that we have com- plied with the request made of us, having been present at the annual examination in August. The College is located about twelve or fourteen miles north of the City of Marshall. It is in a beautiful, retired spot, where the students are free from the allurements to which they would be exposed in a large village. So far as the committee were able to judge, the location would seem to be healthful. No. T. - 19t Almost the entire village seems to be devoted to the pros- perity of the Institution. Although there are few men of wealth among the inhabitants, they have contributed largely, during the past year, toward the erection of a new building. They seem to feel that the College is theirs, and that they are respon- sible for its prosperity and usefulness, no less than are the Professors. A substantial and handsome brick building has just been completed, which is designed for the accommodation of the young ladies. It is fitted up as a boarding-hall, comprising accommodations for a family, cooking and dining apartments, and comfortable dormitories for fifty or sixty young ladies. Immediately connected with this building is a gymnasium, which is almost completed. This provision for the physical development of the young ladies, the committee feel -is worthy of a word of special commendation. It ought to be a feature of all our educational institutions. When the physical is as carefully provided for as is the intellect, our sons and daughters will not enter upon the active duties of life only to break down under the pressure, as do many of them now. Perhaps we should have mentioned before, that the Olivet College ofi'ers the same advantages to females that it does to males. The course and the teachers are the same for both. As provisions were first made for males, they are very naturally not so complete now as those for females. A wood building affords the males comfortable accommoda- tions, at present, which will ultimately give place to a more substantial and commodious structure of brick. The Institution has only, very lately, commenced working under a regular College charter. The committee, therefore, could not reasonably expect great advancement, they could only look for thoroughness in teaching, and study. A part of the committee at least, was able to make a thorough examination of the classes. We are happy to be able to report that we were very much gratified. There was no evidence whatever, of favoritism on the part of tlie teachers. Each stu- 198 Doc. dent was left to stand or fall, according to merit, or the waAt of it. Of course there were various degrees of success manifested among the pupils. This must always be the case, as long as there are various degrees of natural endowments. The average of scholarship was certainly good. The students seemed to to have studied^ not to make recitations, but to master the sub- ject. There was a ready promptness that indicated familiarity not only with a part, but with the whole subject, so far as it had been studied. We were pleased to notice a good degree of en- thusiasm among the pupils, without which, thorough scholars are never made. The good recitations were confined to no particular depart- ments. Some classes surpassed others. We would not under- take to say that there could not be improvement in all, yet all did well, and some did excellently well. The conclusion to which we came, was that the teachers were thorough, and the students generally faithful. We must say, for the managers of the Institution, that a vast deal of w-brk is done for the amount of funds employed. Per- haps nowhere, is there more accomplished with the same money. A Professorship in Olivet College is no sinecure. The men who cast in their lot there, are manifestly expected to work. If the "laborer is worthy of his hire,'' we think the Professors earn all they get. We cannot close this report without refering to the moral and religious tone of the College. Whilst there was no "Evi- dence of partizan, or sectarian spirit, there seemed to be a religious atmosphere prevading every thing. Each recitation was preceeded by the singing of a verse or two, of some familiar hymn, by the class. Scientific and classical attain- ments were made to appear important, but not more so than Christianity. One could hardly fail to notice the acknowledg- ment, tacitly made, that all this study and labor, was to make preparation for usefulness, in higher and holier things. With- out any parade or affectation, whatever, Christanity was grace- No. 1. 199 fully and naturally enthroned as sumpreme, just as it should be, always. Under such circumstances we should expect the gov- ernment of the . Institution to be mild and firm, and character- ised by much love. Little discijoline is likely to be necessary, where there is so much of the spirit of genuine Christianity. Upon the whole, our report would be unjust, it it were an unfavorable one. We cannot doubt that Olivet will give a good account of herself, as long as she is controlled as at present. All of which is respectfully submitted. SAM'L D. COCHRANE, WILLIAM A. McCORKLE, Visiting Com. Olivet College. Sept. 19th, 1860. MICHIGAN COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE. Leoni, Nov. 19, 1860. Hon. J. M. Gkegory, Supf. of Public Instruction : Bear Sir — I herewith transmit the annual report of our Insti- tution. This Institution has heen in operation one year. The number of students in attendance during the year, have exceed- ed one hundred. There is but a small deficit from the regular income, meeting current expenses. And in order to increase tiie facilities for education, and to have a permanent basis for the support of the Institution, the Trustees have made arrange- ments to secure an endowment fund. Three buildings are now in use. One, a Chapel, recitation rooms, a reading room, and a music room ; one is used as a gentlemen's hall, and one as a ladies hall. Eight acres of land constitute the Institute grounds. Board cf Trustees, — Rev. Hiram Rathbun, Rev. W. S. Titus, Rev. Aaron Bowser, Rev. G. C. Fox, Rev. Stephen Lee, Rev. E. Hall, Wm. Garner, Esq. Principal. — Mr. S. B. Allen. Principal of Female Department. — Mrs. Emma Lane. 200 Doc. The Academic year commences August 30th, and is divided into three terms of thirteen weeks each. The Fall Term commences August 30th, and closes November 29th. and is succeeded by a vacation of one week. The Winter Term, commences December 6th, and closes March Tth, and is succeeded by a vacation of two weeks. The Spring and Summer term, commences March 21st, and closes June 20th, and is succeeded by a vacation of ten weeks. EXPENSES PER TERM. ' Tuition, Common English Branches, $3 50 " Higher English Branches and Languages, 5 00 Room rent in the Institution, 1 50 Incidentals — ringing the bell, sweeping halls and recitation rooms and furnish fuel for the latter, 75 The rooms occupied by students in the Institution are fur- nished with stoves, bedsteads, chairs and tables. There are three examinations during the year, occurring at the close of each term. The annual exhibition is held in the Chapel at the close of the third term. The course of study is liberal and extensive, and no pains will be spared to make the Institute a thorough instrumentality in the cause of education. AARON BOWSER, Se&y of the Board of Trustees. COLON SEMINARY. This School fails to report anything but its officers and a list of students. We give the list of officers : Board]of Trustees — Wm. F. Bowman, Chas. L. Miller, Henry K. Farrand, A. J. Kinne, J. H. Culver, E. Parsons, William R. Eck. President — H. K. Farrand ; Secretary — A. J. Kinne ; Friiid- pal — 0. Moffatt ; Assistants — Amelia Moffatt, Kate Preston. No. 1. 201 DETROIT FEMALE SEMINARY. To the SupH. of Public Instrution for the State of Michigan : At the request of Frederick Buhl, Esq., President of the Board of Trustees of the " Detroit Female Seminary," the undersigned, the Principal of said Seminary, Respectfully Reports — 1st. That the Seminar^'' owns two lots of land oh the corner of Fort and Wayne streets, in the city of Detroit, estimated to be worth, with the buildings thereon, seventeen thousand dol- lars ; and said Seminary has no funds or endowments of any kind, save subscription of Stock, applicable to the payment for said real estate. 2d. That the yearly income from tuition, is in the neighbor- hood of three thousand dollars. 3d. That the number of instructors is six, and tho present number of students is eighty. 4th. The studies pursued, the Books used, the course of In- struction and terms of tuition, will appear from the accompa- nying extract from our annual Catalogue. J. V. BEANB, Principal. CIRGITLAE. This Institution was opened in September, 1859, under the charge of Rev. J. V. Beane, late of the Salisbury Mansion School, at Worcester, Mass., as Principal, and several fully competent assistants, in a rented building, possessing- insuffi- cient accommodations; but the results, thus far, have not only satisfied the Trustees of the need of the undertaking, but of the ability of the instructors, and give promise of full success. The Trustees are now happy to announce that they have pur- chased for the Seminary the large brick dwelling house and vacant lot adjoining, on the north-east corner of Fort and Wayne streets, known as the residence of Captain Phillips which citizens of Detroit will recognise as a most pleasant and 26 202 Doc. desirable location. This building will be at once fitted up for the use of the school, and enlarged as its wants will requiie. The Fall Term will open at the new location on the 10th day of September. APPARATUS. The Seminary has been furnished with a valuable Philosophi- cal Apparatus, Outline Maps, Charts, Globes, etc., which are freely used in class exercises and lectures. DEPARTMENTS. The Seminary embraces three departments — the Primary, Ac- ademic and Collegiate departments, — and these again embrace several divisions or classes, which are numbered according to the degree of advancement, the higher numbers designating the more advanced division. COURSE OF STUDY. Primary Department. Intellectual Arithmetic, Introductory Geography, Primary History of the United States, Eeading, Spelling and Defining, Penmanship, Linear Drawing, Chiids Book of Nature, First Lessons in French, (optional). Academic Department — First Division. Intellectual Arithmetic, Written Arithmetic, Intermediate Geography, History of the United States, First Lessons in Botany, Reading, Spelling and Defining, Penmanship, (French and Latin, — optional.) SECOND DIVISION. Higher Arithmetic, Geography with Outline Maps and use of Globes, Physiology, English History, Botany, Reading, Spelling and Defining, English Grammar, Penmanship, French or Latin, (optional.) THIRD DIVISION. Algebra, Arithmetic Reviewed, French History, Physical Geography, Natural History, English Analysis, Rhetoric, French or Latin, Elocution, Penmanship. So. T. 203 Collegiate Dej^artmenf, FIRST DIVISION. Geometry, Natural Philosophy, General History with An- cient Geography, Geology, Elements of Criticism, Critical Read- ings of English Classics, Chemistry, French or Latin. Second Division. Astronomy, Intellectual Philosophy, Moral Philosophy, Na- tural Theology, Political Economy, Evidences of Christianity, Butler's Analogy, French or Latin. Stated Exercises in Reading, Spelling, Defining, Compositions, Rehearsals, and Yocal Music, through the entire course. Classical Course. Weld's Latin Exercises, xindrews' & Stoddard's Latin Grammar and Reader, Caesar's Commentaries, Cornelius Nepos, Cicero's Select Orations, Sallust, Yirgil, Arnold's Prose Compositions, Grecian and Roman Antiquities. French Course. First Lessons in French, Fasquelle's Grammar, (oral exerci- ses,) Dramatic Reader, Noel and Chapsel's Grammar, Corinne, Racine Maliere's Select Plays, Lamartine, Written Exercises and Translations. Conversations and Recitations conducted in French. German Course. Woodbury's Method, Adler's Reader, Schiller's Select Plays, Goethe's Select Works. Compositions and Conversations in German. Music. Instruction is given in Music on the Piano, Guitar or Organ ; and also in Yocal Music, in classes or privately. Painting and Drawing. These accomplishments, in all their varieties, are taught by accomplished teachers. 204 Doc. TERMS AND VACATIONS. The Academic Year, commencing early in September, is di- vided into four equal terms of ten weeks, called respectively — the Fall, Winter, Spring and Summer Terms. There is a short vacation during the season of Christmas and New Year's Holi- days ; another of one week after the Spring Term ; and another of ten weeks after the Summer Term. CALENDAR FOR 1860 1861. Fall Term opens on Monday, Sept. 10th. Winter Term opens on Monday, Nov. 19th. Spring Term opens on Monday, Feb. 4th. Summer Term opens on Monday, April 21st. ADMISSION. Candidates for admission to the Primary Department must be able to read, with tolerable fluency, the English language. For admission to the higher departments the candidate must sustain a good moral character. Each pupil, on entering the Institution, is examined in regard to the attainments she may have already made, and her place in the course of study is as- signed her, in accordance with such examination. Pupils are not received for a shorter period than one term. No deduction from tuition for absence at the opening, or in course of the term, except in cases of protracted sickness, involving a loss of time equal to half a term ; provided, however, that applicants as permanent pupils may be admitted at any time to classes already formed, and be charged only from time of entrance. If possible, pupils should be present at the opening of the term, when the classes are formed and studies arranged. BOARDING. It is intended, as soon as this object can be reached, to pro- vide ample , accommodations for board in connection with the Seminary. At present, pupils from abroad can be provided for in good private families, and at reasonable rates. No. 1. 205 INSTRUCTION. The instrnction given in all the departments is of the most thorough kind. Nothing is passed over superficially. The pu- pil is expected to master thoroughly her studies as she advan* oes. To awaken thought, to arouse and stimulate to vigorous action all the faculties pf the mind, by a strict and philosophical analysis of every subject of study, is the constant aim of the teachers. In this way the pupil is made to know and to use Iwr own powers, and to become self-reliant and strong to grapple with the sterner duties and trials of life. DISCIPLINE. The government is mild and parental, but tempered with de- cision and iirmness. All its regulations are reasonable, such only as its highest interests require, and to these all its mem- bers are expected to yield a cheerful obedience. For securing punctuality, diligence and obedience, constant appeals are made to the conscience and heart of the pupil, by presenting the high- er motives of filial and moral obligations drawn from the word of God. HEALTH, MORALS AND MANNERS. Special attention is given to thorough ventilation and proper temperature of the school rooms, to the requisite amount of daily exercise in open air, to a careful observation of all the laws of health and muscular development, and to the cultiva- tion, among the pupils, of that refinement of feeling and that style of manners which characterize the truly accomplished lady. Moral and religious instruction is given by short and famil- iar lectures and practical remarks in connection with the read ing of the Scriptures and devotional exercises of the school. While it is no part of our plan to teach doctrinal theology, or the tenets of any particular sect, we deem it our dffty on suita- ble occasions, to inculcate the great principles of practical reli- gion. 206 ^ Doc. RECORDS. A daily record is made of the attendance, scholarship and de- portment of every pupil, from which reports are made and sent to the parents periodically, to be by them examined, counter- signed and returned. Parents and guardians are earnestly de- sired to make account of them. They cost the teachers much labor, and their silent influence is great. Parents and teachers have a common interest, and should ever be distinct echoes of each other. Their co-operation is powerful — their dissent ruinous. EXAMINATIONS. There will be frequent examinations of the pupils by the com- mittee appointed by the Trustees, and at the close of the Winter and Summer Terms, before the Board of Trustees, at which the parents and friends of the pupils are invited to be present. Pupils are all expected to be present at these examinations. COURSE OF STUDY DIPLOMAS. The course of study prescribed by the Trustees, though some- what extended, embraces no more than the present advanced state of female education in our country demands ; and it is earnestly to be hoped that those who enter the Seminary will have the ambition and perseverance to complete the full course. Young ladies who shall have sustained satisfactory examina- tions in all the prescribed studies of the English course, or their equivalent, will be entitled to a diploma bearing the seal of the Institution, and subscribed by its officers and teachers. EXPENSES PER TERM TEN WEEKS. f For Tuition Primary Department, English Branches, .... $ 6 00 " Academic Department, $10 00 to 12 00 " Collegiate Department, > 15 00 EXTRAS OPTIONAL. For Instruction in Latin or French : Primary Department, $3 00 x^cademic Department 5 00 Collegiate Department, 6 00 No. 7. 201 For Instruction in German or Italian, $.600 " " Piano Music, with Singing, .$ 8 00 to 12 00 '* Organ Music, . 10 00 to 15 00 " " Vocal Music, Private Lessons, 10 00 " '' Drawing, — Linear, Perspective, or ' Crayon, 6 00 " " Painting — Oil Colors, Water Colors, or Pastel, 10 00 Vocal Music, in classes, and Penmanship, receive special at- tention, free of charge. Tuition bill payable to principal on Wednesday of the second week in each Term. The necessities of a new institution, and the moderate rate of tuition, as compared with the expenses of the school, make such an arrangement necessary ; and it is hoped the patrons of the Seminary will promptly comply with it. GERMAN ENGLISH SCHOOL ASSOCIATION AT DETROIT. To the Hon. J. M. Gregory, Superintendent of Public Instruction: Dear Sir :— I have the honor of presenting the following report of the condition of the German English School, in Detroit, during the year ending August 15, 1860. According to the laws of the German English School Asso- ciation, vacation time shall begin at the end of Juty ; but this year we kept school up to the 15th of August, in order to be able to commence school again in our new school-house, which was building at that time. NUMBER OF PUPILS. Boys. Girls. Total. First Class, 8 3 11 Second Class, 24 10 34 Third Class, 48 38 86 131 208 Doc, TEACHERS. F. Vireoke, C. Goatz, Borgmann. Gal. Melahers, Drawing Master. Miss Larohner, Teacher of the Industrial School. A list of the Text Books we use, I gave you in my last report. To the studies that are pursued in our institution, we hav^ added Natural Philosophy for the First Class. . Our new school-house has three stories. On the first floor there are two large rooms and one small one. On the second floor, there are four rooms ; and on the third floor, a large hall. At present only three of these rooms are used as school-rooms. To our apparatus only a few additions were made last year. Miss Larohner, the Teacher of the Industrial School, does not receive any salary for devoting a part of her time to our School, therefore she deserves our special thanks Annexed you will find a report of our Treasurer. All of wliich is respectfully submitted. Fl. VIREOKE, Principal of the German English l^thool. REPORT OF THE TREASURER. The German English School Association is possessed of the following property : REAL ESTATE. Lot No. 58, north side of Lafayette Street, Mullet farm, so called. City of Detroit, Michigan, with the buildings thereon, estimated at, '. $5,500 00 Apparatus and Fixtures, estimated at 350 00 Funds on hand including outstanding money for tui- tion, 100 00 Total, $5,950 00 The annual regular resources of the Association from all sources, amount to to about $l,t 00 00. Id the last year, however, including the subscription for the new building, and the proceeds of a fair held for that purpose, $2,800 00. EUGENE FECHT, Treasurer Ger. Eng. School Association. Detroit, October 27th, 1860. No.|7. • 209 DICKINSON INSTITUTE, Report of the Visitors of Dickinson Instilute, Romeo, to the. Superintendent of Public Instruction. This school, after a suspension of one term, was opened Sep- tember 6, 1859, under Rev. D. J. Poor, as Princial, assisted by a corps of teachers from New England. It is divided into two departments — the Preparatory, and the Higher The Prepara- tory Department has been under the charge of a lady of thorough mental culture, and large experience in teaching, and has been highly successful and satisfactory. The object has been to lay broad and deep, the foundations of a good educa- tion — to drill the pupils thoroughly in the rudiments of learn- ing ; and this high object, we are happy to say, has in our esti- mation, in a very flattering degree, been attained. The method of instruction has been various, and in accordance with the most improved forms which recent improvements in the art have developed. " Object lessons" have been practiced from the first, mingled in with other exercises. Tablet and other drawing has also been practiced by all the pupils, from the oldest to the youngest ; and in this, very great proficiency has been made. This department the visitors would commend as a model in primary instruction — a model as worthy of imitation, as it is of praise. The Higher Department has been under the immediate care and instruction of the Principal, assisted by a most competent and efficient lady teacher. The classes in mathematics have been, for the most part, under the charge of the lady assistant, and through the thoroughness of the drill to which they have been subjected, and the enthusiasm with which she has been able to inspire them, they have reached a degree of accuracy and rapidity in their performances wLich are rarely equaled in any ot our higher institutions. Mental Arithmetic has been made a permanent study by the entire school, from which very great advantages have been gained. The classes in the languages have been under the constant 27 210 • Doc. instruction of the Principal, whose object has evidently been rather to drill them into a familiar knowledge of the rudimentis, than to carry them- over a large extent of reading. This school, in our opinion, furnishes excellent opportunities for young men who are desirous of obtaining a thorough prepara- tion for College. « At the public examinations of the school, which have been held at the close of each term, the classes in the departments have sustained themselves with great credit to their teachers, and universal satisfactiou to the visitors and patrons. The vis- itors have been particularly pleased with the excellent order which has pervaded the school. The government has been mild and paternal, yet firm, securing the utmost subjection to rule, and the most undivided attention to study. A good moral tone has also seemed to pervade the school, and a kind and manly bearing in the deportment of the scholars towards one- another, and towards their teachers. The school-room is a very model of neatness — the seats and desks being kept as free from stains and as unmarred, as if they belonged to any private parlor. This school is an object of special interest in the com- munity in which it is located ; and by a liberality worthy of all commendation, they have placed it upon a pecuniary basis which will secure for it a high degree of efficiency and useful- ness for many years to come. In bel al of the Board of Visitors, PHILO E. HUED. N^omeo, A^ov, 27, I SCO. FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF DISCO ACADEMY. Disco, Nov. 26, 1860. Hon. J. M. Gregory, Suj^t. of Fublic Instruction. Disco Academy is located on a healthful and beautiful plain, nearly central on a meridian line north and south in the eastern division of the State, in the western part of the county of Mar 1:^0. t. 211 comb. The building- was completed with considerable embar- rassment, and the school commenced operations in June, A. D. 1850, under rather discouraging circumstances. It was incor- porated in the year 1855, and we, the undersigned Trustees, have the pleasure to report, that through the influence of indi- vidual enterprise, and the arduous exertions of our Principal, this Institution has far exceeded our most distant anticipations. It stands remote from many direful influences strewn in the ■path of youth, so common in many of our cities, large towns, and business places, and on this account it doubtless gained a 'reputation and patronage by students from abroad. The sciences taught are the same as are usually taught in in- stitutions of the kind. The text books are designed to be the same as used in the State Normal School, and the course of in- struction, as far as practicable, is intended ^ to be of a normal character. In this Institution the primary scholar can advance and qual- ify himself for teaching, and also prepare himself for entering the higher institutions of learning in the State. A teachers' class is • always open for the special benefit of school teachers, in which they can enter, review their studies, and be thoroughly drilled in the branches required to be taught in our primary schools. We might here remark that this Institution has qualified and sent forth a vast number of teachers, and we regret to say, that no legislative aid can be granted to institutions that contribute so liberally by qualifying teachers for primary schools. TRUSTEES : John Keeler, Chauncy Church, Aionzo M. Keeler, Edward Petit, Oalvin Pierce, Ira S. Pcarsail, Jeremiah Curtis, Pliilander Ewell, Robert R, Harper. OFFICEES : Ohauncey Church, President, and Chairman' of the Board of Trustees; Aionzo M. Keeler, Principal; Jolin Keeler, Treasurer; Rober R. Harper, Clerk. 212 Boc. The estimated value of real estate is $1,500 Stock subscribed,. 5,000 Amount actually paid in, 1,000 Funds none, j early income none, 0,000 TEEMS OF THE LAST SCHOOL YEAR. The last fall and winter terms, taught by James C. Lawson, Principal p?'o tern , Miss Caroline Lawson, assistant. Summer term taught by Miss Sarah Ewell, (primary depart- ment, the average number of which is from 40 to tO scholars.) The present fall term taught by Jctmeg C. Lawson, Principal, pro tern.; Miss Perlina Cannon, assistant. , The number and names of the academical students are so nearly that of the last report, that we deem it unimportant to repeat or re-insert them.* All of which is respectfully submitted. CHAUNCEY CHURCH, President, and Chairman of Board of Tricstees J. MoNFOEE, Clerk pro tern. LAPEER SEMINARY— VISITORS REPORT. Lapeer Seminary, Lapeer, Mich, December ^Qth, 1860. ^ Hon. J. M. Gregory : 1 Sir : The annual examination of the Lapeer Seminary was held on the second and third of July. Since the open- ing of the Seminary in November of 1859, the whole number of scholars in attendance has been about one hundred and fifty. A large and constant increase is expected for the ensuing year. Under the instruction of Professor McLouth as Principal, and Professor Loomis as Assistant — both graduates of our State University — the school has made most satisfactory progress. In the examination of the different classes, thorough mental discipline and analytical modes of instruction were exhibited in a marked degree. Elementary principles are of first import- * The catalogue will be found in the report of 1859, with few exceptions and a few etadente from abroad. No. 1. 213 anco in all study, and with these the students of the different branches were evidently well familiarized, A logical habit of thought appears to be fast developing, and that enthusiastic in- terest which is a sure t^est of good instruction, was manifested in a good degree. The order of the school is good ; the deportment of the pu- pils decorous ; and the humanizing effect of good intellectual training and an awakening interest in study, has shown itself greatly among the members of the school, not only as such, but as members of the community. The School is organized in four different departments; Pri- mary, Intermediate, Higher English and Classical. The Primary includ(?^ reading, mental arithmetic, geography, and object lessons. This department is intended to be under the instruction of the members of the Normal class, while under the general supervision of the Principal. The intermediate grade includes the studies of the primary, with practical arith- metic and grammar. The Higher English embraces arithmetic, algebra, geometry, grammar, history, natural philosophy, orthog- raphy, botany, chemistry, declamation and compositions. The classical course is designed for those intending to enter the University; it also includes instruction in the modern languages. Glasses have been formed in Latin, Greek, French and German. A normal class has been formed for those desirous of becoming teachers, the instruction being given by lectures and practical illustrations. The text books used are uniformly those recommended by the Superintendent of Public Instruction. The Seminary is supplying a desideratum long needed. The means of education hitherto enjoyed have been only those of 'the common school, which without such an institution at their head, soon become constantly less profitable. The deficiency in the training and discipline of the teachers manifested itself in the superficial character of the scholars. The Seminary is centrally located for the county of Lapeer, parts of the counties of Genesee, Tuscola and Oakland. 214 Doo. The building is a good one, situated in the most pleasant and quiet part of the village, and in a community which for moralB and intelligence will compare favorably with any. The popular interest in the school is increasing rapidly, and gives an earnest of its future success and usefulness. It is the belief of the visitors that here may be found all the requisites of a thorough course of Acadamical training, and they can but accord to the teachers the highest praise for the position to which it has rapidly risen by their unwearied servic-es, JACOB L. GEEENE, L. J). AVHITNEY, CHARLES KELLOGG, Board of Visitors. YOUNG LADIES' SEMINARY AND COLLEGE INSTITUTE, MONROE, MICHIGAN. To the SupH ofPuhlio Instruction of the State of Michigan : Sir : — I herewith submit you the annual report of the Young Ladies' Seminary and Institute : FACULTY. Rev E. J. Boyd, A. M., Principal, and Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy, and Languages. Mrs. Sarah Boyd, Principal, and Superintendent of Social Duties. Amos K. Kellogg. A. M., Professor of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. Mr. Geo. W. Chamberlain. Professor of Vocal and Instru- mental Music. Miss Mary A. Griswoid, Instructor in Rhetoric and English Literature. Miss Margaret A. Paine, Assistant Teacher of the Mathemat ical Department. Miss Fanny Bartlett, Assistant^Teacher in the Department of English Language. No. 1. 215 Mrs. Lavinia L. Kellogg, Teiiclier of Drawing from Nature and Objects. Madame Josephine Clark, Teacier of French. Madame S. Lirnge, Teacher of German. COURSE OP STUBY. The school is divided into three departments — Collegiate, Academic and Primary. The two last mentioned are intended to cover the ground of a thorough common school course of in- struction, while the first is strictly devoted to pure collegiate studies. - The Primary department is divided into three classes — the A, B, and C, in which the elements of Written and Mental Arithmetic, Descriptive Geography, Reading, Spelling and Wri- ting are taught. Lessons on Objects and in Morals, are also given. The Academic department is divided into two classes, in which Written and Mental Arithmetic, Descriptive Geography, and Map-drawing, the Reading, Spelling and Analysis of Words, Elements of English Composition, History and Grammar, are thoroughly taught. The Collegiate department is divided into four classes — Jun^ ior, Sophomore, Middle and Senior. Ti:e following is the course of studies : Junior Class. Mental Arithmetic ; Written Arithmetic ; Geography, (High . School ;) Grammar ; Ancient History ; Prose Composition. ^ Sophomore. Mental Arithmetic; Higher Arithmetic ; Elementary Algebra; Chemistry ; Modern History ; Botany. Middle. Rhetoric ; Natural Philosophy ; Geometry ; University Al- gebra ; Grammatical Analysis ; Botany. Senior. Geology ; Logic ; Moral Science ; Mental Science ; Astrono- 216 Doc. my ; Analogy of Religion ; Study of Words ; Criticism of Mil-- ton and Sliakspeare. The following studies ore pursued through the entire course : The Spelling, Defining and Analysis of Words ; Penmanship; Punctuation ; Composition ; Reading ; Recitation of Select Poetry and Prose ; and Yocal Music. Lessons in the French, German, Latin and Greek Languages, Vocal and Instrumental Music, Object and Landscape Drawing and Painting given to all who desire them. The object of the school is in the fullest sense to educate ; to teach its pupils to reason, and not merely remember. The cat- echetical system is not followed, but the pupils are required to study and comprehend subjects in their entireness, and to con- vey their ideas in a clear, full, and accurate manner. It is proposed that whatever is learned, shall be well learned ; to inspire the mind with elevated tastes and sentiments, and secure the formation of polite and graceful manners. TERMS, VACATIONS, ETC. The year consists of three terms of thirteen weeks each, and begins on the third Thursday of September. There is a vaca- 'tion of about ten days at the holidays. Pupils from abroad usually board in the Seminary, and all under the special care of the faculty. It is intended that a genial, religious and moral influence shall be constantly exerted upon the pnpils. ' ■ EXPENSES. For board, furnished room, light, $50 00 Piano lessons, $12 00 to 15 00 French language, 5 00 Latin or Greek language, 3 00 Day Tuition per term, $4 00 $t 00 8 00 A deduction of $30 per year is made to the danghters of cler- gymen, all denominations. No. 7, m NORMAL DEPARTMENT, Special instruction is given in the Theory and Practice of Teaching, the object being to prepare those who design to be teachers to teach intelligently and successfully, to know what are the motives and means of good school keeping. There is generally a demand for more teachers than the Institution can supply. Many of the graduates are in the Southern States. VISITORS' REPORT. The undersigned Visitors, appointed to the Young Ladies' Seminary and Collegiate Institute, at Monroe, respectfully re-* port, that they attended the axmual examination for the year I860, which commenced on Monday, June 25th, and was con- tinued on Tuesday and Wednesday following ; also the annual commencement exorcises, on Thursday, June 28th. The following^ is the order in which the School was examined: Preparatory Department. — Mental Arithmetic, Primary Ge- ography, and Vocal Music. Academic Department. — Practical Arithmetic, University Arithmetic, History of England, Geography, Vocal Music. Collegiate Department. — Elements of Algebra, University Arithmetic, Botany, Analysis of Cowper, French Reader, Rhet- oric, Mental Philosophy, Geometry, Corinne, Schiller, Astronomy, and Butler's Analogy. The main subjects of school study, it will be seen, were those upon whiph tbe pupils were examined, and the examination was therefore quite extensive. The visitors desired to examine and question the classes themselves, and therefore selected exam- ples in Algebra and Higher Arithmetic for the pupils ; and in Geometry they read* to them such theorems as they thought would test their abilities. The solutions and demonstrations were, in most instances, accurate and arrived at with readiness. There was in general, a clear apprehension of principle which shoWed that mathematics had been so taught as to effect its peculiar discipline upon the mind. The several classes in French and German seemed to enter 218 Doc. No. 7 into the spirit of the authors, and appreciate thie beauties of literature in a foreign and strange tongue. Schiller and Corinne were read and translated by advanced classes with evident ease and comprehension. In English Analysis, in Rhetoric, and Composition, the classes were examined upon the distinctions in and on the meaning and force of words. In many of the compo- sitions that were read, no little ingenuity, skill and originality were displayed. There has been evidently great pains taken to teach the pupils to understand and love English Literature. The Senior Class exhibited particular proficiency in the stu- 'dies in which it was examined. Most oi its members had B.t- tended the whole of the four years required to finish the colle- giate course. The visitors thought best to question the young ladies quite particularly on Mental Philosophy, and Butler's Analogy, and they commend their thoroughness and entire self ■ possession. The questions were new and often intricate, and demanded thought ; they were answered gracefully and cor- rectly. The musical exercises on Wednesday evening were of a very high order. Pupils of all ages executed pieces on the jjiano in a very pleasing manner. Some of the productions of the *' old masters" in classical music were rendered very effectively. , The singing, too, was very charming. On Thursday the graduating class read essays of considera- ble merit ; most of them showing clear and vigorous powers of mind. The graduates, seven in number, were all young ladici? who had spent several years in study. Female education ie honored by them ; they deserved diplomas. From the inspection which we have given this Institution, we are satisfied that it bestows a substantial ^culture upon its pu- pils, a,nd well deserves the confidence bestowed upon it by the public. There seems to be a high standard of education, of mor- als and graceful manners set up and followed. All of which is respectfully submitted. Hon. EDWIN WILLETS, Rev. W. HOGARTH, D. D. UMON SCHOOL REPORTS. PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN DETROIT. The city of Detroit is made by the Act relative to its Free Schools, passed in 1812, one school district ; and all the schools organized therein, in pursuance of said Act, are public, and free to all children residing in the city, between the ages of five and seventeen years, inclusive. These schools are placed un- der the direction and re2:ulations of a Board of Education of twenty members — two from each ward — one being elected an- nually in each ward, who holds his office for two years. 220 iJvC. TABULAR STATEMENT cf grade of "Schools, Name and Salary of Teachers, Unrolled- and Average Mtendance of Schol- ars for Term ending December 17, 1859. NAME OF SCHOOI^. Grade of Schools. Namss of, Teachers. 1 Ist ward, Abbott street, 2 << First 3j " B3aub. '■ 4Lii v/ard, Monroe St., col. " Fort street, .5th ward, Capitol Union,. 9 10 li 121 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 23 30 31 32 S3 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 61 62 53 64 65 56 67 63 59 €0 61 62 «3 " George street,.. 6t,h ward, Bishop Union,. 21Pri'y boys & girls. l5t " " " l3t " " " Ist " '<■ " 1st " " " 21 " " '•' 1st " " " Senior Department, Junior 2 1 Primary', 21 " 1st " 1st " 1st " ienior Department, Junior <' Miami avenue,.. " V/ood'd " .. 7th ward, Barstow Union. 3th "Ward Union,. 8th ward, Locust street,. 9th ward, Lafontaine st. ,. <' Fort street, " Grand Paver road 10th ward, Larned street. aigh School, feacher of masic in junior and senior departments of the 4 Union Schools,. 21 Primary, hoys. 21 " girls; ist " boys, 1st " girls, 1st " 1st " boys, 1 . =3 o ■S o -•4 P a a a ct ■•2 S ^ £iU^ _ o O :3*- > o :r^ < 300 300 300 325 300 250 900 400 300 250 750 300 300 300 300 300 250 250 900 400 800 75(' 300 300 300 250 300 300 251 250 300 250 900 400 300 750 300 300 300 300 300 250 900 400 300 750 300 300 300 300 250 250 300 250 300 300 300 300 300 309 1000 200 70 92 86 65 87 131 200 235 116 95 106 109 119 101 154 102 83 90 88 106 97 33 148 191 75 113 112 142 155 88 77 91 92 40 77 83 96 100 70 75 94 80 42 169 155 115 84 20 111 165 61 55 80 iob 117 3 » CO o "o "^ J- KJ )-t port ^ a rt >» Teai-s, FirsTWardT^ Second " . Third « . Fourth «< . Fifth '< , Sixth " , Seventh " , Eighth " . Ninth " . 879 1035 1.220 1,581 2,050 1.844 1.665 l!035| Tenth " I 1022 18oa. j 1880. j lB5y. j i'bfciO. | i^fcy. I iaou. I LcQd. I iaGO. 998 1 1,138 370 1.134 1,178 1.698 2 213 1.917 11765 1,105 1,162 3 2 €0 11 12 62 95 2 18 10 27| 13 105 162 7 73 119 4 27 12 1,001 1.165 350 281 383 114 1.095 1239 494 1336 1.2S0 588 1.69S| 1.705 eo£ 2.112 2 2S6 994 1,93& 2 036 801 1.667 1,769 512 105S 1 132 410 1,032 1,164 470 448 162 646 682 6U 1,110 860 653 343 688 Grand Total. 1 12, 82 9 1 13, 670 1 379| 489|13.208il4,153| 5,S38| 5,£08 Remarks. — Those designated as children not attending any school, embrace all under 18 years, who have passed through the schools; all engaged in service, mechanical em.ploymcnt, or other form of labor, and all receiving private education at home. The remainder are the street wanderers, but the exact number of the latter class can hardly be safely estimated with anything like exactness. 222 ' Do€. By this statement the increase or decrease for the year» in the several wards, will be seen as follows, viz.: Increase. Decrease. First Ward, 164 Second " 2 Third " 144 Fourth '' 65 Fifth " 112 Sixth " 174 Seventh " 9*7 Eighth " 102 Ninth " 79 Tenth " .«. 132 # Total increase in nine Wards, 1,005 Deduct decrease in Fourth Ward, 55 f Total increase for city over that of 1859, 951 It will also he seen that the number of colored children be- tween 4 and 18 years, has increased during the year 110. This fact, together with the improved condition of the colored Schools of the Board, explains the heavy pressure now for the fiisttime making itself felt by this class of our population. A necessity for another department already exists, for the colored children seeking seats in the Public Schools, and must be conceded ere long. _ ■ . If the children between 4 and 18 years are held to comprise but one-third of the entire population, then it may be estimated in a total number of 42,477, if estimated as comprising one- fourth, then 66,636 is the present population of the city — act^ ually about 29 in 96, as shown by the census of 1860. The length and arrangement of school terms and vacations are as follows : The spring term begins on the first Monday after the second Saturday in April, and ends on Friday evening next preceding the fourth day of July. Then follows a vaca- tion of eight weeks in July and August. The fall term com- mences on the ninth Monday after the close of the spring term, and ends on the school day immediately preceding- the twenty- fifth dav of December. The winter term beQ:ins on the first school day after the first day of January, and ends on the even- ing of the first Friday in April. Thus two other vacations are made — one including Christmas and New Years days — the other of one week in April. All days of the week are considered school da^'s, excepting Sundays and Saturdays. The following statement v/iii show the cost of the public schools of Detroit for the j^ear 1859 : Dividing the ordinary ex- penditures, namely, $31,042 82, b}^ the enrolled attendance, No. T. • 22S 4,490, gives for the average cost of tuition for each pupil, $6 92 per annum. Our only sources of revenue are the regular school tax of two dollars for every child between the ages of four and eighteen years, our proportion of the public school funds, which is about fifty cents for every child between the ages last named, and the proceeds of fines after the ^payment of all costs, paid into the County Treasury. The report of the Auditing Com- mittee gives the following as the respective amounts of last year's receipts and expenditures : TOTAL RECEIPTS. From State Pr. School Fund, . . . $6,454 37 From delinquent school tax of 185t, 302 68 Prom fines, 345 20 — _™™_ ^641 88 From proceeds in old school house in 10th ward, 221 00 Frera ordinary city school tax for 1859,. . 26,216 00 $33,699 25 TOTAL DISBURSEMENTS. Teachers' salaries for the year, $22,499 81 Teachers' salaries of last year, paid after January 1, 1859, C50 01 Repairs and supplies, 3,322 98 Insurance, "428 60 Rent of school houses, , . . . 881 29 Taxes and sidewalk assessments, 109 91 Interest, ^ .~ 381 49 Expenses for taking census, ........... 132 08 Fuel, wood $859 68, coal $66 50, 926 18 Treasurer's salary, 75 00 Books and maps, 212 67 Sweeping", cleaning and whitewashing, . . 1,066 66 Cutting, sawing and piling wood, 194 18 Printing notices, reports, &;c., 237 96 Instalment on purchase of lot adjoining 8th ward Union, . 250 00 Instalment on the purchase of the build- ing for colored school, 100 00 Instalment on the 'interest on bond and mortgage given the Bishop School lot, 1,140 00 New seating, furniture, &c., 431 50 Moving and fitting up 10 th ward school buildino-, 988 57 Contingent expenses, 15 53 _ $34,050 42 224 . Doc. This sum of disbursements includes extraordinary expenses to the amount of, 3,007 60 Showing the ordinary expenses to be, $31,042 82 These extraordinary expenses for the year were several items for real estate purchases, the purchase of school buildings, the fitting up of the Eighth Ward new Primary, changing the recita- tion rooms, &c. EATON RAPIDS UNION SCHOOL. Eaton RAPms, Dec. 4, 1860 To tJie Hon. J. M. Gregory, Supt. of Public Instruction : In answer to your circular in the Journal of Education, Oct No., I would say — 1. The name of our school is the Eaton Rapids Graded School, and is located in the village of Eaton Rapids. 2. We have but one school building-, size forty by fifty feet, two stories in height, and two out buildings. Yaluation of buildings and lots, $3,50o. (See last annual report.) 3. Whole number of children in our district, as shown- by the last census, was 218. The whole number attending school last year, first quarter, was 167 ; 30 of those were foreign scholars. The whole number attending said school the second quarter, was 132; twenty of them were foreign. Whole number attend- ing the third quarter was 159; six of them were foreign. \ 4. The. school year is divided into three terms, viz.: A fall term, commencing on the first Monday in September, and con- tinuing sixteen weeks. A winter term commencing on the first Monday of January, and continuing twelve weeks. A spring term, commencing- on the first Monday of April, and continuing twelve weeks. 5. Whole amount received for school purposes was $940,03 ; paid out of this amount for teacher's wages, $767,50. Amount of mill tax received vv^as $282 86 ; amount received from Prima- ry School Fund was $101 20 ; received from foreign scholars, |122 83. For tuition of foj-eign scholars, see circular. 6. The course of instruction embraces all the studies pursued in the higher class of male and female academies, and comprises three departraenty, primary, intermediate and high school. Pupils entering school, will, upon examination, be placed in the department suited to their attainments. Number of scholars in each department was as follows : No. t. 225 1st Term, higher department, there were 51, twenty-six of those were foreign scholars. In the Intermediate, 53. Six of those were foreign. In the Primary, 63. One of those was foreign. 2d Term, as follows : In the higher department there were 48. Eight of them were foreign pupils. Intermediate department, 36. Two of these were foreign. In Primary department there were 48. " 3d Term, as follows : In the higher department there were 2t. Five of those were foreign. In Intermediate, there were 31. In the Primary there were 101, and one of them was foreign. All of which I believe to be the true facts. Yours respectfully, A. HAEWOOD, Director. KALAMAZOO UNION SCHOOL. Hon. J. M. Gregory, SupH of Public Instruction : Dear Sir : — In answer to your questions submitted to Trus- tees and Principals of Union Schools, in the October No. of the Journal of Education, we send you the following : 1. Our school is known as the "Kalamazoo Union School," and is located in the village of Kalamazoo. 2. Most of the information required by this question is found in the report of the State Superintendent for 1859, page 284. Value of property, embracing grounds, apparatus, libraries, &c., is probably about $50,000 00. 3 Numbfer of children, 1668 by the last census. ATTENDANCE. The whole number belonging to each school during the year is as follows : High School, 146 Grammar school, 179 INTERMEDIATE DEPARTMENT. First Division, 154 Second Division, 86 Third Division, : Y8 PRIMARY DEPARTMENT. First Divisioii, 99 Second Division, ST 29 226 Doc. Third Division, 146 North School, 222 East School, 49 Whole Number, 1,378 The following is the per centage of attendance in the schools for the year, calculated from monthly attendance : High School, *. . 92 Grammar School, 85 INTERMEDIATE DEPARTMENT. First Division, 86 Second Division, 86 Third Division, 88 PRIMARY DEPARTMENT. First Division, 82 Second Division, t9 Third Division, 86 North School, 82 East School, 84 South Street School, 8t No. of non-resident pupils during year, 80 No. of residents, 1,298 These statistics compared with those of last year, show a large increase in the number attending the schools, and some improvement in regularity also. 4. The School Year is divided into four Quarters of ten weeks each. It is divided into three Terms, as follows : Fall Term begins first Monday in September. " " ends Friday before Christmas. Winter Term begins Monday after Christmas. '' " ends last Friday in March. Spring Term begins after a vacation of one week. 5. EXPENDITURES. Paid Interest Coupons, .'. $2,073 43 " 14 orders on school building fund, issued by Village Trustees in 1859, 2,139 56 Interest on last item to February 14, 1860, 184 45 Paid 20 orders school building and incidental school fund, issued by Village Trustees, 1859, 1,390 14 Interest on last item, 12 25 Chase & Son, two certificates issued by Village Trus- tees, 8th of December, 1858, for seating, 819 00 Exchange on last item, 8 19 No. t. 221 Paid salaries of teachers for year ending June 23d, 1860, 5,745 OQ Paid orders for wood, janitor's salary, repairs, print- ing, insurance, seating and incidentals, 1,224 33 Cash in treasury, t*I5 19 ,3n 54 RECEIPTS. From W. A. Wood, former Treasurer, $ 329 84 " C. H. Brown, Town Treasurer, primary fund No. 10, 46 91 From C. H. Brown. Town Treasurer, tax voted 1859, 9,890 89 " same, mill tax, 1860, ■ I,9t3 50 No. 10, 25 8T '^ T. P. Dunham, amount negotiated Feb. 6, 1860, 82t 19 " J. G. Clark, Town Treasurer, primary money, 1860, 695 98 From D. Putnam, tuition of non-residents and music, 555 15 " S. Hunt, tuition of son, 1 25 $14,353 24 TUITION. In all English branches, the Schools are free to resident scholars. The Schools are open to scholars not residing in the District at the following rates of tuition, payable at the middle of each quarter : Primary Department, per quarter of ten weeks, $ 2 00 Intermediate " " " 2 50 Junior " " " 3 00 High School, English branches, 3 50 Classical Department, 4 00 Frencb, Extra, 1 00 Instrumental Music, Drawing, Painting, &c., both to resident and non-resident Scholars, will be charged extra at the usual rates. 6. Four Departments, graded, sub-divided and arranged ac- cording to the following course of studies : PRIMARY DEPARTMENT. Third Division. Conversational Lessons upon Common Objects ; Lessons in Counting ; Names and Sounds of Letters ; Pronouncing Words 228 Doc. with and without Spelling ; Spelling Short Words in Reading Lessons ; Drawing Lines, Letters and Objects on Slate and Black-hoard ; Singing ; Eeading ; Fi^ogressive Primer. Second Division — 1 Teacher. Conversational Lessons ; Oral Lessons in Numbers and Ge- ography ; Drawing on Slate and Black-board ; Sounds of Let- ters ; Spelling' and pronouncing Words ; Singing ; Reading ; Progressive First Reader. First Division — 1 Teacher. Conversational Lessons ; Oral and Mental Arithmetic ; Mon- teith's First Lessons in Geography ; Payson, Dunton and Scrib- ner's Elementary Charts, for drawing on slate and black-board ; spelling, Town's, New Speller and Definer ; Singing ; Reading ; Progressive Second Reader. INTERMEDIATE DEPARTMENT. Third Division— 1 Teacher. Intellectual Arithmetic ; Monteith's Manual of Geography, No. 3 ; Town's Speller ; Writing ; Singing ; Exercises in Sounds of Letters ; Progressive Third Reader. Second Division — 2 Teachers. Intellectual Arithmetic ; Practical Arithmetic, to Division ; Geography No. 3, completed ; Primary History of United States; Third Progressive Reader ; Town's speller and Definer ; Writ- ing and Drawing ; Singing ; Recitations of Selections. First Division — 2 Teachers. Intellectual Arithmetic ; Practical Arithmetic, to Proportion; McNally's Geography, No. 4 ; Map Drawing ; Tower's Elemen- tary Grammar ; Tower's Common School Grammar ; Fourth Progressive Reader ; Town's Speller ; How Plants Grow ; Writ- ing ; Singing ; Recitations of Selections, and Compositions. JUNIOR DEPARTMENT OF HIGH SCHOOL 1 TEACHER. Intellectual Arithmetic ; Practical Arithmetic, completed ; Elementary Algebra ; History of the United States ; Common Grammar ; Geography ; Writing ; Singing ; Town's Speller ; Progressive Fifth Reader ; Recitations ; Declamations, and Compositions. HIGH SCHOOL ENGLISH COURSE 5 TEACHERS. First Tear. First Quarter. — Algebra ; Grammar and Analysis ; History and Geography combined ; Reading, Writing, &c. Second Quarter. — Algebra, Grammar and Analysis ; Higher Arithmetic, Reading, Writing, &c. No. 7. 229 Thikd Quarter. — Algebra ; English Analysis ; Arithmetic ; Physical Geography ; Reading, Writing, &c. Fourth Quarter. — Algebra ; Physiology ; Analysis and His- tory ; Eeading, &c. Compositions, Declamations and Recita- tions through the year. Second Year.. First Quarter. — Geometry ; English Language and Litera- ture and Rhetoric ; Book-keeping ; History. Second (^^arter. — Geometry and Trigonometry ; Natural His- tory ; English Language and Literature ; Logic. Third Quaeter. — Trigonometry and Natural Philosophy ; Bot- any ; Logic. Fourth Quarter. — Natural Philosophy ; Botany ; Mental Philosophy. Reading, Composition, Declamation, and Vocal Music through the year. Tiiird Year. First Quarter. — Surveying, Chemistry, Moral Science. Second Quarter. — Astronomy and Geography of the Heavens ; Chemistry ; Moral Science, and Evidences of Christianity. Third Quarter — .Astronomy and Geology ; Political Economy ; English Language and Literature. Fourth Quarter. — Elements of Criticism ; Butler's Analogy ; History of Literature ; Geology. Orations, Compositions and Vocal Music through the year. Classical Course — First Year. Andrews and Stoddard's Latin Granunar and Reader; Ancient Geography and History. Second Year. Latin Grammar and Reader; Csesar's Commentaries; Ancient Geography; Crosby's Greek Grammar and Lessons; Anabasis; Ancient History; Latin Prose Composition. Third Year. ^. Cicero's Orations; Virgil with Latin Prosody; Anabasis; An- cient History and Mythology; Prose Composition. This course will be pursued in connection with such English branches as are necessary to prepare the pupil for higher insti- tutions. Pupils, not in preparation for higher institutions, will take a more extended course in the Latin language, including selec- tions from Cicero, Horace and other Latin authors. French Course. Fasquelle's French Series, with other selections from Frendi writers. 230 Doc. Teacher^ Glass. Special instruction will be given during the first and third quarters, in the form of Reviews and familiar Lectures, to such as wish to fit themselves for teaching. Very truly yours, D. S. WALBRIDGE, * President of Board of Education. DANIEL PUTNAM, Frincipal. Kalamazoo, Nov. 1, 1860. NEWAYGO UNION SCHOOL. Newaygo, Oct. 29, 1860. Hon. J. M. Gkegory : Deae Sir — We have noticed in this month's Journal your cir- cular to Trustees and Principals of Union Schools. Although we have not the requisite number of children to organize under the new law for Graded and High Schools, ours is a Union School in the common acceptation of the term, and we submit the following report in the order of topics named. 1. Our school is known as the Newaygo Union School, and is situated in the pleasant little village of Newaygo, the county seat of Newaygo county. 2. The building is 15 feet by 30, one story high, giving us two school rooms 30 by 35 feet, with hall between them. It cost about $1,000. Our school grounds are by far too small, and not inclosed as yet. We have a set of outline maps, orrery, tellurian, &c., costing nearly $60. No library worthy of note yet. 3. The number of children in the district, as shown by the last census, is 151. A Principal was not procured in season to commence with the last school year, so that we cannot well reckon attendance by the term. We enrol each term from 80 to 90 names, which furnishes an average attendance of about 60. Of these, four or five each term are non-residents. The ratio of attendance to the pupils enrolled, promises to be much greater this year than ever before. The great evil of our schools, irregularity in attendance, has been, and still is, by far too prevalent. 4. Our school year commences on the first Monday in Septem- ber, and is divided into four terms of eleven weeks each. There is a week's vacation during the holidays, and one of the same length between the Spring and Summer Term; six weeks at the close of the year. No. T. ' 231 5. As the school was not in session the whole of last year, its cost for that time would not be a fair exhibit of its annual ex- pense. For the present year, reckoning the year as above, its cost will be about $900 00 Of this, the two mill tax will be $230 00 Dollar on a scholar tax, 151 00 Primary School money about 10 00 By direct tax, for fuel, &c., 100 00 In all, $551 00 551 00 Leaving to be raised by rate bill, 349 00 Something, however, may be deducted from this amount for the tuition of non-residents who pay $3 per term. This whole amount might easily have been raised by direct tax, if the law had permitted us to do so. But because, forsooth, we lack 50 children of having more than 200, we cannot pay the expenses of our school by taxation ! Have we not as good a right to say whether we will support our school by taxation, as though we had the fifty additional children ? Our rate bills last year were at the rate of 2| cents per day. 5. The school is divided into two departments, one teacher in each department ; in the Primary Department about 45 pupils, in the Higher, 35. The studies in the Primary Department are : Eeading, to Fourth Reader ; Spelling, Mental Arithmetic begun. Geography begun. In the Higher, Mental Arithmetic, Practical and High- er Arithmetic, Geography, Grammar, Physiology, Algebra, Ge- ometry, and Latin. With amount of fine monies to be apportioned to us next win- ter from the county treasury, and the amount voted from the two mill tax, we expect to have about $200 to invest in a dis~ trict library, which will be selected with great care, and will be of incalculable benefit to the school. The plan of the Union or Graded Schools we think to be the true plan. We are, j'^ours, very respectfully, H. BROSS, Principal W. T. HOWELL, Director. ONTONAGON UNION SCHOOL. Ontonagon, Nov. 13, 1860. * Hon. J. M. Grsgory : Dear Sir : In answer to your circular, I submit the following report : 1st. The Ontonagon Union School is located at Ontonagon, Lake Superior. 232 Doc. 2d. The school building was erected two years ago — is forty feet by sixty, and cost $4,000. There is a complete set of phil- osophical apparatus, and a library of six hundred volumes be- longing to the school. 3d. The number of children in the district, as shown by the last census, is three hundred and twenty. The whole number in attendance during the past year, was one hundred and nine- ty-seven, four of whom were non-residents. 4th. The year is divided into four terms ; the first commenc- ing September 15th, and continuing until December 25th ; the second, from January 1st until April 30th ; the third from May 15th until July 15th. 5th. The school cost during the past year, $1,500 Of this sum, $1,300 was paid to teachers. Non-resident pupils pay 75 cents per month tuition ; resident pupils pay none at all. 6th. There are three departments in the school, and one teach- er in each. The ages of the pupils in the primary department average from four to eight years. In the intermediate, from seven to thirteen. In the higher, from twelve to twenty-five. The studies in the different departments are as follows : In the Primary, Reading ; Writing and Spelling. In the Intermediate, Primary Geography ; Mental Arithme- tic, etc., etc. In the Higher, Arithmetic ; Algebra ; Geometry ; Philosophy; Physiology ; Botany ; Astronomy, etc., etc. There are no for- eign languages taught in this school at present. In concluding this report, I beg leave to say, that the people not only of this place, but all along the shores of Lake Superior, are endeavoring, by every means, to build up their system of education ; and I think it is their determination to create schools here, in which they can educate their children without sending them abroad. J. G. EYEPETT, Principal AUGUSTUS COBUPtN, Director. OTSEGO UNION SCHOOL. Otsego, Allegan Co., Nov. 5, 1860. Hon. J. M. Gregory : Dear Sir : — In accordance with your request, published in the October number of the Educational Journal, for reports from the different Union or Graded Schools of the State, we hasten to give a brief report of our Union School, located at this place. The school edifice was built about five years ago, by Mr. F. Chadsey, for a Primal Seminary, and was successfully con- So. 1. 233 ducted, as a Seminary, for about two j^ears. The District then purchased the building and grounds of Mr. Chadsej^, and con- verted it into a Union School. Since that time, for about three years, our school has been highly prosperous as a Union School. The building is about 35 feet by 45, two stories high, contain- ing two large session rooms, and two recitation rooms. The sciool grounds are very pleasant, being situated in a beautiful oak grove, about forty rods from the Kalamazoo river. The number of children between four and eighteen years, 212. Number in attendance during the year, 226. The average number during the year not far from 100. There have been three terms during the last school year, of fourteen weeks each. We have had three vacations — one during the holidays — one in the spring, of about two weeks, and a long vacation at the end of the school year. The cost of the school for the past year was about $^00 00. The average cost of resident pupils, aside from taxation, has been about $2 00 yer year. The present year the school is free to all resident pup'ls.' Non-resident pupils are charged |4 00 per term. There are three departments in the school, viz : Primary, In- termediate, and High School. The Primary department embraces the elementary branches, as far as the first principles of Written Arithmetic, Grammar, and Geography. The Intermediate department embraces Intellectual and Writ- ten Arithmetic, Grammar, Geography, &c. The High School department embraces the more advanced studies in Intellectual and Written Arithmetic, Grammar, Ge- ography, higher Mathematics, History, Philosophy, Rhetoric, Astronomy, Book-keeping, Latin, &c. There are now three teachers employed ; one in each depart- ment. As a general classification, the age of the pupils in the different departments will range about as follows : Primary department from 4 to 9 years of age. Intermediate department from 9 to 12 years of age. High School " " 12 to 18 Our school is small ; consequently we cannot receive the full advantage derived from thorough classification in large Union Schools, yet we are endeavoring to make ours as prosperous and successful as any of the kind in the State — even as tho- rough as our large Union Schools. Hoping tliat we have answered your interrogatories satisfac- torily, we remain, Very respectfully vomrs, M. C. CRANSTON, Principal. 80 IRA CHICHESTER, Direotor. 234 Doc THREE RIVERS UNION SCHOOL. 1st. Three Rivers Union School is in the village of Three Rivers, St. Joseph county, Michigan. 2d. There is one school building. Originally, there was a brick house of two stories, about forty feet in length, by twenty- five in breadth. During the summer of 1859, a new building, also of brick, was erected directly in front of, and attached to the old one. This addition is three stories in height, one hundred and eight feet in length, and forty feet in width. The whole is divided into six large and cheerful school-rooms of nearly uniform size. Each room is fitted up with neat and comfortable seats of wood, and will seat on the average, about sixty scholars. The side walls of each are converted into blackboards. In the middle of each is a large hall, with broad stair-cases leading to the school rooms on each side. The cost of the new build- ing was $*I,000. The collection of apparatus was commenced last year, and now amounts in value to about $75. The whole value of house, grounds and apparatus is $10,000. 3d. The number of children, as shown by the last school census, is 407. The whole number in attendance during the last year was 380, of whom 40 were non-resident scholars. 4th. The school year is divided into three terms of 14 weeks each. The fall term commences on the third Monday in Sep- tember; the winter term on the first Monday after New Year; and spring term on the third Monday in April. 5th. The whole cost of schools for the last year was $1,846. $178 56 was from tuition of non-resident scholars. The aver- age cost of tuition for resident scholars is as follows: Senior Department, $6 66; Grammar School, $2 80 ; Intermediate, 3d, 2d, and 1st Primary, each $2 25. The tuition for non-resident scholars is as follows: Senior Department, $5 00; G-rammar School, $4 00; Intermediate and 3d Primary, $3 00; 2d and Ist Primary, $200. 6th. Six Departments have been organized and named as follows: Senior Grammar School, Intermediate, 3d Primary, 2d Primary, 1st Primary. The pupils in each, at this time, are, in the Senior Department, 32; Grammar School, 44; Interme- diate, 66; 2d Primary, 50; 1st Primary 66. There is one teacher in each Department; and as there are no recitation rooms, the several Departments constitute separate schools as far as internal arrangements are concerned. The studfes pursued in each room are as follows: First Primary Depart^ ment — Object Lessons, Chart Exercises, Webb's First and Second Readers. Second Primary Department — Sander's Second Reader, Sander's Third Reader commenced, Primary Geogra- raphy, Mental Arithmetic commenced, with spelling and writing. No. 1. 235. Third Primary Department — Sander's Third Eeader and First Mental Arithmetic completed, Sander's Fourth Reader and Montieth's Manual of Geography, commenced, with spelling *and writing. Intermediate Department — Second Mental Arith- metic commenced. Fourth Reader, and Monteith's Manual com- pleted, with spelling, writing and * declamation. Grammar School Department — Parker and Watson's Fourth Reader, Mc- Nalley's Geography, Fitch's Physical Geography, Sill's Gram- mar, Morey's Practical Arithmetic, Hitchcock's Physiology, with spelling', writing, composition and declamation weekly.. Senior Department — Parker and Watson's Fifth Reader, Welch's Analysis, Well's Philosophy, Youman's Chemistry, Davies, Bourdon and El. Algebras, Davies' Legendre, Mental Arithmetic, spelling, composition and declamation. The modern languages are not taught; but there are classes^ in Greek and Latin. During the last year two young men have completed their preparatory course, and entered the University in October last. WILLIAM H. PAYNE, Principal YASSAR UNION SCHOOL. Yassae, October 15, 1860. Superintendent of Public Instruction : Dear Sir — The school house of this fractional district has un- til this time been situated in the township of Tuscola, although in the village of Yassar. Our district officers have, however, been elected under a special act of the Legislature that pro- vides for enlarging the district and electing a Board of Trus- tees; and this last summer we have built a new school house in the township of Yassar, hence the report from the Inspectors of Yassar for the first-time. Our house is of brick, 40 by tO feet, and will cost, when entirely completed, not far from $5,000. We intend to have it conducted on the principle of Graded Schools, and hope the experiment (for it is but an experiment in this new county) will prove successful. Yours respectfully, F. BOURNS, Deputy Clerk, and President of Board of Trustees. Note. — A circular was Issued to the Union and High Schools of the State, but the foregoing Reports are all which came to hand before the time of making up the Annual Report.. ABSTRACT OF SCHOOL INSPECTORS' REPORTS BY TO^V^ISTSHIPS, ^238 Doc. ALLEGAN TOWNSHIPS. a> ^^ 1 .^^ J d o ja ^ ;-< o o o CQ 72 o a m S O 00 o CO 1-2- aje CO . CO OQ a o & o£ ^^ c « 2^ o > — >.a m £3 go ^ 25 .a o u o fcD a aj '[^ r^ as ^ ,o o O . C3 o d a s 3 fe 55 52; -55 2i 5S >.:3 Allegan, •Casco, ChesMre, Clyde, Dorr, Fillmore, Ganges, Gun Plain, Heath, Hopkins, Laketown, Lee, Leighton, Maniius, Martin, Monterey, Newark, Otsego, Overisal, Salem, Trowbridge, Watson, Wayland, ' Total, 23 7 1 570 410 7.4 388 4 80 61 4.5 208 6 216 200 4.8 166 2 20 22 4.5 6 237 190 5.6 297 3 204 109 5.3 222 6 291 244 5.1 155 7 376 339 7.7 275 4 114 116 6.5 4 197 151 5.6 331 1 73 62 4. 71 1 6 9 3. 43 8 214 195 4.6 263 f 3 130 146 6.1 6 245 228 6.7 313 6 324 267 6. 150 3 198 104 6.3 129 7 467 462 7. 400 4 152 110 4.8 191 4 156 67 4.8 84 8 342 231 5.8 260 8 310 240 6.2 286 6 268 269 6.2 280 114 11 5190 4222 5.6 1898 2614 $1041 10 163 91 225 15 52 00 320 42 285 96 32? 77 656 30 74 87 279 57 68 07 109 20 291 82 167 00 490 77 317 16 165 04 822 04 229 20 179 93 441 72 371 95 279 40 ^ 5 00 29 25 132 OS 83 09 118 74 121 78 50 44 13 00 92 62 315 62 95 84 19 55 127 41 224 90 20 00 61 80 98 35 100 71 $235 30 79 27 71 94 5T 35 206 39 640 94 106 69 266 24 284 48 32 50 86 50 423 60 36 55 201 10 171 00 132 86 930 18 388 00 207 75 262 80 98 12 207 29 $7171 351 $1710 181 $5126 85 Fremont,. 1| 73 i 31| 3. I / ALPENA $19 32| $17 50! BARRY Asqvria 7 1 341 291 6 1 275 $401 62 $ 53 84 $223 02 Baltimore, 6 1 210 177 5. 181 178 35 50 81 75 91 Barry 7 5 3 3 344 318 355 275 6.2 6.2 369 222 313 54 340 73 245 22 112 51 171 13 Carlton, 134 25 Castleton, 7 1 347 241 5.6 198 204 29 55 36 433 41 Hastings, 5 503 327 7.2 114 654 89 27 67 1029 88 Hope, 6 1 214 160 5.1 149 168 10 56 24 59 00 Irving, 6 1 308 290 6.7 243 411 29 147 40 126 93 Jolmstown, 6 3 352 226 5 6 330 409 20 232 19 137 89 Maple Grove, 5 2 242 192 6.1 236 198 68 34 19 411 00 Orangeville, 3 1 289 211 7.2 200 205 57 113 91 114 00 Prairieville, 6 3 446 356 7.1 376 473 89 143 15 589 00 Rutland, 7 225 197 6.8 266 251 84 96 64 76 62 Thornapple, 6 311 263 5.3 371 339 53 167 70 239 48 Woodland, 6 1 315 262 6.1 256 336 43 216 33 114 68 Yankee Springs, . 5 2 215 193 5. 556 164 62 57 90 241 77 Total, 16 93 23 4980 4016 6.1 1501 2841 $5052 57 $1811 06 $4178 17 BAY Baneror, 2 2 1 1 173 405 128 24 118 266 100 21 7. 8.5 8. 3. 95 52 $262 79 674 47 285 00 218 68 $50 00 Hampton , Portsmouth, Williams, 20 00 206 72 Total, 4 6 730 505 6.4 147 $1440 94 $276 72 No. :. 2S9 COUNTY. w t> 03 (-• 03 . ;-i o u o O 11 o <-s f^?s ^^ Ifl' Sp fl^ ►? ^ ii>A >- p< <*-, tf -d tS g^ o o o t3 a 0> 'rt ■ 3 3 fe :z; :2; <: Js Iz; Bainbridge, Bentou,. .. . Berrien, Bertrand, . . Buchanan , . . Chickamiag, Galien, Hagai', Lake, New Buffalo, Niles, .' Niles City, . Oranoko, . . . Pipestone,. . Royal ton, . . Sodus, St. Joseph, . Three Oa s, Watervleit,. Weesaw, . . . 6 1 351 264 5.9 399 5 3 426 284 6.4 337 5 2 388 341 6.9 361 10 1 685 636 7. 441 6 534 462 6.9 582 2 86 83 8.5 150 5 1 216 207 •6.7 221 5 111 122 4.4 236 6 1 205 176 6. 366 2 211 160 6.9 . 140 10 5 799 583 6.5 630 1 1075 693 10. 300 7 428 426 6.8 400 7 3 435 391 6.8 167 6 1 326 279 5.3 190 5 1 284 243 6. 1 1 421 265 4. 84 2 2 224 160 6.1 176 6 337 193 6.2 250 4 1 233 192 6.4 250 I 382 58 436 80 831 62 1168 74 764 29 186 01 292 50 163 08 473 71 294 85 1314 58 1893 12 851 06 473 70 461 73 550 69 480 43 368 14 344 27 $225 91 220 11 46 24 162 06 248 69 22 69 54 65 35 79 286 70 68 26 284 21 70 00 93 80 100 00 5 34 120 75 34 64 $ 66 65' 636 11 6 00 161 61 884 00 32 00 79 49 45 16. 305 55 202 9a 87 90 3000 GO 422 93 314 11 20 64 124 32 391 19 148 35 79 54 Total, 20 1 101 1 231 7675| 60601 5. 8| 26611 2918 1 $11731 901 $2079 74 $6597 4& BRANCH Algansee, .. . Batavia, Bethel, Bronson, Butler, California, .. Coldwater, .. Gilead, Girard, Kinderhook.. Mattison, Noble, Ovid, Quincy, Sherwood,.. . Union, Total, 161 94| 33 7087 354 356 377 525 378 296 1229 246 398 173 348 216 488 774 380 649 345 337 392 415 372 180 960 238 412 173 328 231 429 696 295 597 6.1 6.4 6.6 6.6 6.5 7. 6.4 6.2 6.6 6.2 5.5 6.3 6.5 6.7 424 64001 6. 424 339 230 212 201 295 255 361 156 538 282 410 281 109 339 % 400 60 565 60 454 58 613 81 455 22 312 20 2382 36 355 57 667 22 244 14 548 98 260 38 637 89 1141 69 553 00 1038 93 S243 22 105 46 110 15 64 99 134 43 110 08 44 89 36 53 259 63 29 60 217 67 80 11 143 46 69 60 113 17 450 66 % 133 35 70 63 85 24 518 25 43 61 1867 00 46 62 49 50 49 00 110 70 71 25 327 50 598 00 518 00 136 06 4008 1 $10622 17| $2192 44 1 $4614 71 No. :. 241 COUNTY. a o o g a 03 1 eS m s c3 1 as to 1 "2 a a 1 ii 4 a 01 Si o o <^ jj ai'o o sS o o s ■a ® "3 bO a •a o 2 as a; ■5 u o |#. p. m © :3 o 3 "eg 13 a- "3 > o o > 'S o T3 "^ "cS d o o o a a o 'S c8 > t> ;3 IZi H « < < « (X, Ph $1663 00 $27 00 6 8 $d01 19 $157 78 $227 11 $ $ $ 5 00 $ 3 00 2830 00 3 GO 5 11 664 44 184 00 252 84 24 00 5 00 8 00 1210 00 14 00 8 5 859 00 178 94 625 73 24 24 10 50 3490 00 21 00 6 16 1075 52 264 04 965 72 ?5 76 5 00 3425 GO 115 00 7 10 964 36 264 50 594 05 20 00 18 00 50U 00 4 179 00 44 16 167 20 25 GO 5 98 6 00 2 00 744 00 o 8 368 75 93 38 235 90 12 68 9 00 15 00 1260 50 1 7 227 60 48 30 116 00 48 30 15 00 6 00 1685 00 4 60 6 5 513 50 72 22 140 70 4 00 950 00 8 2 310 00 83 26 276 52 50 00 11 2^ 10 GO 4210 00 11 19 1543 10 S68 00 1114 57 50 00 49 88 31500 00 150 00 2 IC 3478 66 487 60 1495 S3 66 04 3 00 3 00 2490 00 12 00 6 8 1271 62 183 08 701 44 24 80 12 00 7 00 835 00 4 00 4 12 717 75 287 50 474 54 38 92 12 50 2 GO 360 00 50 6 2 e 499 00 336 50 131 56 309 93 17 80 10 00 6 GO 3 00 5000 00 2 o 311 72 169 m 381 42 22 90 3 00 50 1400 00 12 00 ■j 4 439 50 97 98 362 17 25 00 13 86 2130 00 2 8 417 18 144 90 230 90 25 00 19 48 900 75 8 00 ^ 8 355 00 93 38 152 74 12 60 6 00 3 00 66583 25 1 371 00] 84|162| 15133 29 1 3353 86 j 8823 81 1 175 00 1 452 50 1 131 00 1 50 50 COUNTY. 19S5 00 61 00 4 12 675 35 159 16 326 • 4 7 00 2735 00 12 00 3 18 5S7 30 177 10 397 89 20 50 8 00 946 00 87 00 4 10 559 50 169 74 344 84 14 00 4470 00 35 00 f 1 936 00 226 78 425 45 16 GO 5 GO 1453 00 4 00 7 i 572 00 176 64 311 59 19 20 13 00 5 50 1405 00 8 00 6 420 75 89 70 230 54 13 00 4 50 9380 00 81 00 8 26 3273 40 569 4S 1927 83 29 00 23 00 1387 00 5 00 3 5 397 25 120 98 235 71 9 50 2 60 2020 00 t 14 932 50 193 66 665 75 13 50 6 GO 1278 00 17 00 2 6 281 91 73 60 202 16 2150 00 31 00 7 11 667 98 156 40 827 00 20 OC 5 00 1000 00 n 00 o i> 362 16 98 44 188 13 2 50 1532 02 35 00 7 13 739 37 224 48 291 55 13 50 7 00 5680 00 18 CO 11 15 1435 52 323 84 777 35 17 50 11 50 2580 00 8 (Q 5 11 663 75 171 12 434 54 76 00 20 00 ' 7 17 1308 09 285 20 659 26 15 00 16 00 40001 02 367 00 85 183 13762 83 3216 32 7745 82 95 20 224 00 93 00 31 242 Doc CALHOUN TO"VVNSHIPS. o o 9 cs o o ? s ^ >, ^ d . d 83 o oo to rt-tf- B3 IK 03 O m c3 O ■i-3 II i=l ;:3 1^ o o 03 o d > a 3 fe ^ t^; << ^ Ph .a Albion, Athens, Battle Creek. — " (City,) Bedford, Burlington, Clarendon, Clarence, Convis, Eckford, Emmett, Fredonia, Homer, Lee, LeRoy, Marengo, Marshall, " (City).. Newton, Pennfield , Slierida,n , Tekonska, 5 2 695 521 8.2 5 2 290 268 8.2 6 3 386 347 8.1 1 1013 1036 9.7 7 2 374 298 6.4 4 1 291 221 6.6 316 4 2 366 346 7.7 6 2 369 271 6.1 487 6 314 262 7.5 7 2 347 339 7.1 7 3 485 495 6.6 5 4 360 305 6.5 4 3 359 302 8. 5 4 388 326 5.8 7 2 353 328 7.3 6 1 285 245 7. 3 3 260 265 8. 1 1112 750 10. 3 6 354 • 294 7. 7 2 350 306 5.5 6 2 458 323 6.6 5 2 358 287 7. 636 264 241 400 600 453 434 315 328 458 48 38 481 156 350 483 212 271 $1128 90 382 84 544 83 1781 91 576 06 372 09 503 96 343 63 396 18 785 18 943 90 613 95 696 59 321 26 429 28 673 59 682 63 1843 88 399 25 503 68 543 24 439 76 $ 72 83 186 66 351 03 271 32 121 54 67 80 115 51 193 55 158 93 246 13 93 12 372 16 104 04 381 15 114 67 20 00 251 80 169 81 280 16 126 67 $81138 21 339 15 92 84 3330 29 182 89 220 60 19 04 57 83 152 35 236 60 632 58 30 00 138 88 362 62 481 87 70 50 150 57 2119 23 103 24 303 75 182 04 179 25 Total, 2211091 49| 9456| 8135| 7.3| 1439| 5501|$15011 60| $3697 96|$10534 33 OASS Calvin, Howard, Jefferson, LeGrange, Marcellus, Mason, Milton, Newburgh, Ontwa, Penn , Pokagon, Porter, Silver Creek , Voliuia, Wayne, Total, 15 Duncan, i 11 Inverness, | 2\ Total, I Sf 7 1 579 421 6.6 700 8 341 282 6.8 400 6 379 256 6. 327 5 3 538 493 7.1 265 6 255 215 4.7 314 5 280 212 6.4 427 5 1 233 205 7. 391 5 2 304 201 6.3 272 4 1 298 262 7.1 410 6 496 325 5.6 4 3 396 358 6.8 162 11 1 615 648 6.1 506 7 1 741 591 6.6 281 7 307 250 5.8 600 6 2 359 305 7.3 439 1 91 15 6121 5024 7.4 1700 3794 1 $ 650 65 665 60 441 97 1001 84 308 61 421 29 517 16 280 76 436 81 631 65 767 24 837 15 1038 29 458 20 643 29 $216 94 143 64 127 93 263 72 83 00 85 77 174 11 124 59 238 45 38 39 67 66 349 87 185 79 68 26 141 12 $934 25 141 70 715 50 685 34 224 68 24 50 294 00 329 24 111 43 88 50 287 14 181 04 2452 99 493 50 83 25 CHEBOYGAN 371 73 251 72 1901 $190 191 288 63 $10 00 22 00 Saat Ste. Marie,. 1101 97| 5.6| I 190| $478 82| | $32 00 CHIPPEWA 435| 81|10. I 237| [ $471 87| \ $250 0» No. 7. 24S COUNTY. K .dHJ l> tc c3 Oi o ^ d _^ ,d rt a Oj ij c3 H Oi o ft H 3- • -eq CO ^ rf S c3 a .§^ t5 t3 cM CC! to rt S as 3 o" cr cS o o > ^ ^2; ^ 05 CO §•2 $2500 01 2372 00 2450 00 15000 00 1800 00 1020 00 1005 00 645 50 2240 00 1665 00 6180 00 985 00 1375 00 1250 00 83 oo: 1250 00' 2000 00 15000 00 1240 00 925 00 2270 00 1275 00 $ 5 8 13 00 5 1 7 11 150 00 2 11 7 00 6 11 15 00 Q 5 8 00 4 8 3 13 5 7 SO 00 8 11 5 00 9 S 10 00 8 51 6 7 15 00 3 12 6 11 7 7 4 9 1000 00 2 11 5 00 7 11 48 00 2 11 40 50 5 13 4 10 $1140 88 584 75 944 10 3676 05 814 00 480 00 548 24 444 82 643 00 897 64 1144 11 718 27 955 42 447 75 805 75 C80 76 569 00 3396 54 765 96 664 15 925 55 548 52 $286 04 133 86 185 38 425 04 191 44 1S4 78 165 48 156 86 160 08; 169 74 23i 60 161 00 159 le 169 74 140 74 133 86 188 54 574 M 161 92 157 79 192 72 153 18 $947 77 150 94 506 OS 1356 88 576 06 290 57 342 84 177 38 381 62 563 47 529 92 467 50 542 42 165 36 329 00 693 92 6SS 64 1248 21 322 73 397 12 432 11 486 74 20 23 46 47 14 72 17 02 17 11 17 52 18 55 25 62 17 59 17 3^ 18 o4 16 03. 17 34 20 10 62 81 17 70 20 84 16 75 13 00 20 00 5 50 SO 00 20 00 15 OG IS 00 7 OO, 26 50 20 50 12 00 7 50 4 00 9 00 5 50 8 00 17 00 12 00 8 50 12 € 16 00 50 09 63430 51| 1346 50|111(214| 21802 25| 4428 50| 11587 23| |402 32|187 50| 106 00 COUNTY. 625 00 25 50 9 10 857 75 246 10 195 75 67 51 12 00 600 00 8 8 749 42 172 50 47 34 12 OC 1375 50 17 00 6 6 657 25 181 24 553 02 49 72 11 £0 2 00 7135 00 75 00 8 9 1462 92 236 90 900 19 64 99 6 00 1750 00 3 7 374 30 98 90 350 95 29 30 g 00 6 00 1200 00 40 00 3 8 466 75 112 70 293 95 30 90 5 50 1075 00 21 00 5 7 672 50 112 24 413 34 30 70 5 50 5 50 1305 00 8 00 4 10 447 25 134 32 280 17 5 00 36 85 9 00 1950 00 36 00 4 1 716 62 126 50 540 10 34 70 18 00 4 00 1950 00 31 00 7 774 00 209 30 596 65 57 42 13 OC 8 00 2295 00 12 00 6 9 729 SO 201 02 816 59 35 15 6 00 2731 90 110 00 9 15 1188 03 278 76 547 45 76 48 22 00 7 00 2315 00 75 6 11 1940 64 339 48 397 92 93 13 775 00 24 00 4 8 608 83 133 4o 467 OC 36 59 231® 00 9 00 7 7 766 50 146 74 146 74 40 26 15 CO 4 00 29392 40| 409 25| 87|128| 12412 13| 2730 lOj 6499 80| 5 00J731 04|119 50( 60 50 COUNTY. 25 001 200 00 45 00 1 2 4 163 00 216 25 16 56 37 72 73 63 1 100 90 1 25 00 26 50 5S 72 6 50 7 50 1 £0 200 00 1 70 00 1 6| 379 25 1 64 28 1 174 53| 25 e0| 85 22 1 14 00 1 1 50 COUNTY. 500 001 I 1| 1| 269 50! 206 16| 286 44j £« 00 i 244 Doc. CLINTON TOWNSHIPS. o p. *» o o ja c c -g tc a o a -S >■, o '.^^ to m H O £ .So: o -tJ - 5 o C ^ CO a rt d o w u o « !> u o J o ^ o c d > d s fa t; !2; < 55 :! >» ^ a <_ $266 0^ 146 63 195 00 2 00 •20 62 434 20 38 63 293 76 232 48 43 00 22 81 45 78 65 25 2? 8 00 477 93 69 26 Batn, Bengal, .... Bingliam , . . Dallas, .. .. . DeWitt, .... Duplain, Eagle, Essex, Greenbush.. Lebanon, . . Olive, Ovid, Riley, Victor, Watertown , Westphalia, , 5 4 •J.'i'i •Z6(, 4.6 •Zod S 2 210 179 6.0 66 4 S 454 376 5 S 215 6 265 ISf 5.1 45 5 33S 311 6.6 160 1 2 362 335 5 6 1S£ 7 i 327 292 6.4 145 7 379 272 6.1 178 9 1 391 304 5.6 9« 7 239 232 4.8 23S 5 169 140 6.2 181 5 4 364 275 6.5 156 4 2 207 175 5.2 soe 6 1 196 210 5.0 500 5 1 256 25S 6.0 289 7 1 471 19-2 4.1 $:iuy 52 363 83 694 55 275 06 S69 46 603 07 353 29 452 91 463 64 283 96 267 50 458 5? 314 45 230 98 453 54 370 39 $66 09 89 36 18 00 4 98 164 68 72 30 86 53 62 00 82 19 45 06 151 77 52 40 123 78 38 96 25 20 Total, 16| 92| 2-s\ 48a6| 39671 5. 5| 50j| 2481 1 $6164 71 1 $1083 30 1 $2651 34 EATON Beilevue, Benton , , Brookfield, Carmel, Chester, , Delta, Eaton, Eaton Rapids,... Kalamo, Oneida, Roxand, Sunfield, Vermontville, .. Walton, Windsor, 8 2 557 466 6.0 555 7 1 313 22c 4.9 363 6 2 291 246 5.3 130 7 o 566 488 6.6 451 7 1 314 303 5.6 425 5 3 226 215 5.5 295 6 3 357 346 5.8 393 13 2 963 929 7.0 £81 7 o 380 320 6.2 278 6 2 490 405 6.6 199 6 2 316 320 5.8 260 5 109 118 5.4 99 7 2 307 292 6.6 624 5 2 363 353 6.3 220 8 301 264 4.9 838 $784 56 391 78 266 83 1071 77 391 86 332 68 579 2-2 1454 68 545 58 536 55 373 60 196 37 457 21 551 si 391 64 5221 97 45 32 115 08 254 16 69 08 68 95 15 140 76 111 82 1S4 97 1 52 92 62 55 114 73 70 59 $467 22 36 67 22 16 68 50 223 93 212 94 2 36 686 10 78 00 73 15 134 95 180 00 322 70 165 00 130 07 Total, 15| 103] 26| 5S53| 5288| 5.9| 2023| 2878 1 $3325 94| $1455 05 1 $2793 74 GENESEE Argentine, Atlas, Burton, Clayton, Davison , Fen ton , Flint Flint City, Flushing, Forest, Gaines, Genesee, Grand Blanc,.. Montrose, Mount Morris, . Mundv, Richfield, , Thetford, Vienna, 5 329 210 7.0 72 7 4 568 528 7.1 115 7 364 30o 6.0 244 4 & 280 251 6.7 31'v 1 r. 331 291 f>.7 400 f 4 70f> 668 7.0 145 8 3 676 4-72 6.5 ^^p'?' •2 i 1.015 867 9.6 142 8 3 496 460 6 f 322 6 246 211 4.8 137 4 4 299 28-2 6.2 269 5 3 397 3'-8 6 217 5 4 473 40P 7.1 203 4 •) 159 14-2 b.b 263 2 3 257 V28 6.6 207 5 2 386 32-2 6.0 2-24 8 368 338 5.9 225 6 318 238 6.2 311 4 2 309 301 6.8 122 $399 96 945 07 Cbt 79 V67-62 43 07 887 92 523 26 1.727 05 598 07 173 98 40S 38 591 02 811 36 206 93 347 35 430 -20 405 10 324 19 408 ;<2 $ 60 00 212 75 28 52 83 63 93 14 174 HI 227 18 154 64 84 02 80 64 86 18 45 12 50 00 34 23 143 04 39 52 80 41 $327 92 138 66 80 89 180 96 68 09 2014 56 417 72 6817 12 162 75 648 06 541 67 618 30 216 25 490 19 107 60 285 83 3 5 46 191 05 45 00 Total, 19| ,1021 451 7.879| 6.746| 6.5| 722| 36121 10544 64| 1677 33{ 12478 86 No. 1. 245 COUNTY. a •5? 1-1 ■o g c5 m o u ,a o ,a C3 rt o O (-. ert H cS ^S Iz; ^ 72 .^J 05 a .d *» a> •^ b *C o p rt . J3 5 hD .5 o §1 I* 3 h 5-3 ■a > O 13 o o « t3 a «> cj < C3 (2 o ^ $1146 00 715 00 1410 00 850 00 1250 GO 1525 00 2006 23 906 00 1028 00 678 00 1780 00 580 0' 925 00 1353 00 712 00 $21 to 2 y 15 00 4 5 6 8 5 4 20 00 3 9 12 50 6 10 19 00 6 7 6 8 23 50 4 13 6 00 7 6 22 00 1 10 6 60 6 14 6 50 6 5 15 00 4 7 16 00 6 8 3 00 3 8 $o85 39 350 59 781 70 412 40 603 35 646 74 612 42 377 00 621 42 394 92 284 25 694 33 340 00 375 62 506 47 447 25 §114 Ot) 107 18 219 88 106 26 166 98 i 148 58 135 ^ 165 14 164 68 116 84 75 44 162 84 108 56 78 20 115 92 203 78 $i7b 60 263 74 487 13 169 37 369 46 319 33 318 52 323 78 226 Ob 177 53 95 81 586 51 237 13 342 52 273 04 $117 30 $10 25 $2 00 23 00 15 00 10 50 10 00 50 12 00 11 00 15 00 3 00 1 00 12 00 20 00 16 00 00 16863 23] 186 00| 74|131| 7933 85| 2190 06| 4.i66 50j COUNTY I 117 30] 132 75 1 37 00 6900 00 39 00 4 17 2345 07 244 26 540 50 16 00 10 60 780 00 4 00 2 12 375 61 122 36 296 75 49 46 995 00 11 00 2 11 401 00 123 34 230 00 10 00 372 00 38 00 7 12 1283 68 260 82 674 47 18 00 12 00 1505 00 49 50 5 9 483 84 143 06 135 33 23 50 13 60 1160 00 32 00 2 12 418 75 107 64 318 39 39 SO 13 00 7 00 1613 00 15 00 5 11 573 37 174 26 608 59 6 00 6 00 5660 62 95 00 12 20 1940 47 444 82 2700 00 29 50 4 12 6ti8 88 169 74 315 18 16 00 8 00 2275 00 53 00 4 14 697 26 237 82 S57 98 17 50 7 60 1635 00 5 00 5 10 464 33 148 58 228 42 800 «) 1 8 237 75 46 46 195 00 18 00 6 00 2500 00 33 00 4 13 607 61 135 24 350 41 35 04 13 00 2035 00 7 00 4 11 650 99 143 06 349 48 1315 00 15 00 4 10 433 75 178 48 290 91 11 50 7 00 31245 521 425 00 1 66 1 182 1 11601361 ,2685 941 4891411 124 30 j COUNTY 1519 00 4 4 fe€60 00 9 00 10 12 3710 00 3 CO 3 14 850 00 3 10 775 00 24 00 3 15 10135 00 6 13 2427 00 48 «0 8 14 17500 00 390 00 4 14 125t 00 12 00 7 14 1380 00 2 7 1950 00 3 12 1824 00 5 10 2370 00 30 00 5 12 640 00 4 7 1548 00 2 7 "^970 00 6 6 1734 00 50 3 14 1050 00 3 9 11511 00 2 9 488 50' 1135 1<3 664 00 482 22 563 61 757 01 853 97 4484 33 775 34 255 62 555 15 680 37 894 93 288 OS 400 13 511 56 583 75 412 15 342 75 130 64 265 88 163 30 130 18 156 86 304 06 235 98 465 98 227 24 82 34 134 78 174 80 208 84 58 42 121 44 180 32 101 00 139 84 134 78 269 660 568 299 301 491 510 1261 363 212 216 391 208 121 370 288 123 256 403 05 44 6 00 37 150 00 26 00 25 SO 9 50 13 25 00 4 00 00 25 09 46 V 07 50 00 6 50 00 50 50 00 8 00 S4 50-00 7 00 05 50 4 00 12 IS 00 47 58 45 of 90 64 22 23 00 00 13 00 1 162 50| 76 50 9 50 8 00 6 50 9 Od 5 60 1 00 4 60 i 00 7 50 8 60 1 00 55887 00] 516 50] 83|2^ ^ A m C CO m d o rC !-< o ^"C o m s 2=^ S3 o Cr-l O 1 P o .2 o 1 d ci Ol-l 3. a >» ^ Centreville, Megazee, Peninsula, Traverse, Whitewater, Total, 6 b2 26 4 5 51 29 4.0 141 88 3.2 97 36 6.0 49 34 3.5 400 213 4.3 37 S135 33 68 00 41 68 102 26 $73 50 25 00 S 20 00 166 43 62 00 HI 54 105 347 27 98 60 248 43 GRxiTIOT 1 1 1 168 67 143 36 5.2 6.0 37 21 138 12 76 96 94 80 68 08 Bethany, 96 00 Elba, 1 2 1 28 58 23 42 3.0 4.7 36 36 11 46 60 46 16 42 5 00 Smerson, 53 67 Fulton, 5 1 2 215 14 205 18 4.6 3.0 33 53 266 77 20 84 90 97 81 37 Hamilton, 80 00 Lafayette, 3 1 44 34 3.7 26 37 13 00 80 60 Newark, 5 127 99 4.7 44 164 50 16 44 12 00 New Haven 3 1 107 79 4.4 114 163 30 79 85 Nor th Shade, .... 3 90 57 5.0 88 90 51 North Star....... 6 ] 137 109 3.6 69 166 59 33 17 15 OO Pine River, 3 3 219 141 4 8 45 138 74 123 44 85 00 Seville, 3 4 65 78 51 67 3.3 4.0 20 97 32 29 04 49 67 39 50 19 47 Sumner, 53 50 Washington, 2 41 35 3.0 40 22 42 8 08 Total, .15 45 1 111 14581 1034 1 4.2 33 603 1473 40 477 41 737 52 HILLSDALE Adams, Amhoy, Allen, Cambria, . . , Camden, — Fayette, — Hillsdale, ... Jefferson, ... Litchfield, ., Moscow, — Pittsford, .. Ransom, — Reading, — Scipio, Somerset, . . Wheatland, Woodbridge, Wright, 8 o 583 500 7.7 356 8 1 319 287 5.3 364 8 1 519 472 8.0 150 9 3 497 600 7.0 175 n 2 613 572 6.9 214 1 3 491 317 8.4 413 3 g 898 573 6.7 170 8 9 596 541 7.2 96 5 4 572 580 8.0 617 4 o 494 424 8.3 25 11 557 488 7.7 386 7 394 335 7.3 219 10 8 631 537 7.3 180 8 2 417 372 7.0 298 6 2 404 353 7.1 360 9 2 529 456 7.3 487 7 1 285 258 5.7 421 8 1 428 419 6.4 264 1131 34 ^92271 7984 1 7.2 785 4500 871 21 421 41 898 21 775 37 748 24 987 34 ..706 02 593 87 859 32 736 02 857 55 463 83 ..156 09 606 14 601 85 966 28 397 49 739 11 166 69 47 22 152 19 211 18 123 28 .040 10 285 48 274 14 457 08 25 10 136 71 52 73 325 14 166 95 251 16 178 14 63 88 41 48 604 46 473 14 472 88. 1.053 84 63 87 342 1& 1.142 OO 335 77 271 1& 309 04 578 OO 52 60 329 49 387 31 299 26 109 72 72 87 126 31 Xoial, 181 131 Copper Harbor... Eagle Harbor,... Hougton, L'Anse, Portage, )| 4198 65 6923 76 HOUGHTON 1 45 31 8.0 2 201 88 7.9 o 357 147 9.0 1 121 27 7.0 24 3 613 304 5.7 166 222 27 687 82 883 14 1^ 74 500 00 787 82 760 64 75 OO 3500 00 Total, . 13371 597 1 7. 3 1 166 1 24| 2450 97 1 6123 4& No. 24t COUNTY. _, T . ^ m t-< o bO u -j; t^ o ■^ i2 ,c3 .9 O a w X 3 J 5 ^^ It i =2 m > o 02 H ,2 O M a :3 w o . 3 CQ s s o o . S s o o o 3 O 0) & . "S > o o o 3 c3 ^ ':3 o O 5 s a CD c3 rt > > 5^ ■5^. H « <3 1 -«i « P- Ph 180 uu 1 -.' 5e 6'.' 61 52 30 00 300 00 1 135 SS 32 66 S6G 47 25 00 15 CO 5 00 3 8 135 50 49 e.8 18 72 750 00 o 150 00 41 86 167 37 10 01 100 CO o 88 01 97 89 1345 00 5 00 3 9 665 34 124 20 712 05 65 01 COUNTY. 750 00 s S 284 78 62 10 119 60 59 00 6 00 3 50 425 00 1 1 108 00 39 10 79 00 6 50 50 75 Of 2 36 00 11 60 19 00 8 00 115 00 3 82 91 19 78 89 00 7 50 2 00 555 00 4 6 358 44 83 26 179 97 9 00 3 00 120 00 1 13 or; 3 6S 93 75 25 00 4 00 175 00 3 71 25 15 18 97 51 25 GO 5 00 311 OP 2 5 174 07 48 30 124 37 13 00 274 00 £ 3 199 75 ► 46 92 108 82 10 50 2 00 110 00 5 00 1 i 96 50 22 08 138 00 12 00 3 00 435 00 1 7 193 00 55 66 135 07 15 00 8 00 935 OG 5 00 5 5 271 28 72 68 148 40 74 20 150 00 3 78 47 7 36 79 97 50 00 4 50 325 00 5 123 50 29 90 80 00 20 00 2 00 113 00 1 00 2 22 54 86 61 7 00 4868 00 11 00 22 49 2050 95 540 04 1579 07 253 80 118 00 22 00 COUNTY 2355 00 4 0(' 11 10 997 77 265 88 609 40 17 50 2252 CO 11 CO 3 IS 41 : 6£ 132 48 264 40 9 95 14 50 2016 OC 41 00 10 9 1083 30 211 60 625 34 15 60 33 00 3748 OC 66 00 10 18 1052 96 234 14 5-13 58 17 55 20 CO 2670 OC 51 60 16 878 32 264 38 478 98 20 00 18 50 1725 00 ' c 11 1782 20 286 80 866 11 100 00 19 95 7515 00 61 CO 5 14 1933 69 375 36 1262 70 20 00 15 00 1315 00 50 00 7 14 881 33 264 96 211 OC 25 00 3830 00 52 00 7 14 1179 11 262 66 600 CO 19 98 12 00 1505 00 83 OG 8 8 713 26 218 04 649 9S 16 41 2185 00 57 00 5 17 987 08 264 96 592 30 2035 00 7 ~ 687 S7 182 16 3041 00 63 00 12 11 1316 32 265 88 2777 OG 5 00 6 15 792 84 J 76 64 483 91 13 39 2900 00 20 00 5 10 835 00 184 46 366 32 14 00 20 60 1225 00 50 00 14 1132 65 249 32 700 OS 15 84 ; £0 00 1145 00 17 00 o 13 452 26 U7 76 305 00 30 00 16 50 2225 OC 34 00 9 11 732 75 ' 185 38 654 97 13 98 20 OC 15 00 4 50 16 50 9 00 13 50 10 om 17 OQi «00^ 7 005 11 50' §00 8 50 46464 001 615 50| 1311 225 1 17649 82] 4112 86| 9192 07] 130 00] 196 65] 212 50 j 121 OO COUNTY. 1000 00 500 GO 75 00 1700 00 20 00 200 00! 530 00 660 00 1 156 00] 670 00 29 90 51 06 123 74 54 74 138 46 194 49 26 77 687 82 770 64 103 00 49 00 4075 00| 20 OOj llj 2] 2396 00| 397 90] 1745 95) 75 77 1 248 Doc HURON TOWNSHIPS. o • ^ ■f^ o •^ o a ?: A cc g5 o o o m ^ '— ^^ ^ - B CO a o a o y ^rH o '-' ?r 03 -1 a S K c -,- .5 rt e 2-* > ^ m 5 o "3 :S 12; ►> o o . R ->^ ~ a O o > ^ a ta :?; 12; < ;5 y. Dwight, .. . Huron,..,. . Rubicon, Sand Beach, Total, 1 8'.) 60 6.0 1-20 3 137 61 4.> 6o X 56 29 4.0 21 ] 46 33 3.0 12 7 319 180 4.1 21 195 1-3 OJ JU5 9b 50 00 Alaisdon, Aurelius, Bunkerhill, Delhi, Ingham, Lansing, " (City,).. Leroy, Leslie, Locke, Meridian, Onondaga Stockhridge, Vevay, Wheatfield, White Oak, Williamstown,... 7 2 342 316 7.0 2U. 6 3 42^ 39S 6.3 1S7 4 s 264 23S 6.7 29o 6 2 396 316 6.8 270 4 4 447 3S5 7.2 188 4 1 129 89 4.7 118 3 947 770 10.0 6 2 250 246 6.0 9 1 474 421 6.6 S13 5 3 453 426 6.8 336 6 1 304 288 5.7 276 8 1 386 380 6.7 500 7 1 352 297 6.4 260 4 4 525 543 7.1 144 4 4 167 166 7 3 ]75 6 2 280 249 6.3 217 6 2 250 256 6.5 300 285 98 476 17 5.52 o. 379 04 615 31 601 62 375 23 1334 00 382 46 599 36 415 65 364 45 559 06 494 72 752 77 258 35 321 22 431 50 81 25 5» of' 500 00 440 76 63 87 .35 75 1U')4 03 INGHaM 6;i 37 75 55 115 14 9 50 114 47 10 50 15 91 209 85 84 36 70 27 184 42 i 205 24 236 98 25 74 213 V. 71 9r 106 00 111 71 50 09 37 91 112 90 137 35 1878 00 ll-l 10 99 12 ILO 55 700 69 195 05 187 40 410 45 10 00 136 44 114 25 Total, 17| 921 351 6394J 578416.71 11131 26801 8913 28] 1707 24] 4520 92 IONIA Berlin Boston , Campbell, Danby, Easton, Ionia, Keene, Lyons, North Plains,. Odessa, Orange, Orleans, Otisco, Portland, Ronald, Sebewa, 5 230 209 5.8 5! 6 2 434 418 7.2 148 5 143 100 6.5 140 6 1 274 189 5.4 242 5 266 253 7.2 360 6 3 660 549 H 6 256 6 2 460 362 7.2 28 8 2 737 633 7.0 175 7 2 338 352 6.4 241 5 161 12y 5.0 220 6 S 414 364 5.7 418 6 1 S30 270 6.0 323 8 1 567 450 7.1 12*"^ 5 4 510 507 6 5 153 8 1 313 357 7.0 299 3 3 226 145 6.0 49 268 89 616 68 258 9-; 285 85 298 20 149 61 491 32 1 755 18 .523 45 1 205 71 428 38 368 59 731 se 65-2 31 445 79 268 3P 30 92 155 12 6 43 37 04 50 72 256 74 172 -28 368 71 231 40 39 07 96 2- 46 41 229 4' 440 fi7 179 89 19 24 69 45 377 48 106 25 99 17 81 68 63 50 10 00 924 29 63 00 2 73 28 00 184 98 100 00 976 76 259 14 201 00 Total, 16| 941 25| 6063| 5281] 6. 4| 2134] 1098] 7745 98] 2360 36] 3547 43 ISABELLA Chippewa, Coe, Isabella. . 2 50 39 5.0 IS 2 S 103 76 4.8 20 2 41 36 3.8 75 9-: 255 0!^ 15 50 4S 50 19 51 149 .50 209 00 22 00 Total, 3] 6] 3| 1941 151] 4.5] 331 330 981 81 51 383 60 No. 1. 249 COUNTY TJ o o S be c c^ cc O o S^ *'"' ^ ^ ^ '^ jL, .^^ Ol o o u ,o a; >. a d i-i-S <« a; > O cS o d ■ ^ P< H — : a -^ !« O ~ " & . a: ■a c a o o H o t> ft 02 al 9 ■-; c; ■ O 3 P. O a p o g & O > 'S ■4J o o > o eS 15 d o o g a y 'si '- > >► 15 iz; H « -< < r.-*. 0- f^ $800 00 $40 00 1 $180 oe $i9 10 $32 1-i 1150 00 1 60 s 188 26 35 42 115 34 $15 0' 4 61 11 0' 15 00 1350 00 77 00 e 12 674 6: 188 14 40-. 2-' 5 1': M ! - 5 50 563 00 8 00 ] 5 134 00 85 42 viO .- , 4 50 10900 00 125 00 o 2421 00 413 0? 925 H 11 2 1900 00 ] U 435 25 124 20 2 '■'! • 3 -1 3711 00 3 CO r ] --, 823 SI 230 00 -loi"; :■ 25 00 6 <:' -- 0( 5 00 2000 00 12 00 s 12 5-;8 2: 178 94 2-1 J 53 4 io 00 8 00 1248 00 15 0- 4 7 570 a 147 2< 29. ;-0 4 i; 2 00 2205 00 - 10 780 IT 1S4 0' 393 00 5 i. 17 00 10 00 2000 00 IS Oi; 4 11 632 50 157 T.^ 348 30 4 ai. 3 00 2370 00 55 00 6 12 891 41 228 ]i 400 00 10 OU 14 00 475 00 1 7 297 36 80 04 258 08 2 22 1640 00 15 00 7 8 549 45 132 48 259 84 3 66 901 50 16 50 3 7 408 00 99 36 270 00 2 74 5 00 38230 60 421 50 72 169 11335 89 ■_842 34 6513 09 1 25 00 73 87 150 00 88 2» COUNTY. 1650 00 14 50 4 5 353 60 119 60 458 70 13 00 5s00 4655 00 17 Oi 5 14 930 5& 188 14 30 60 8 00 500 00 2 8 236 50 60 72 206 69 2 50 487 00 4 00 1 10 351 18 117 30 238 00 18 00 8 GO 1800 00 17 00 5 5 554 75 143 06 391 00 12 25 4 50 J32o 00 6 00 •; 1^ 1326 88 310 90 873 68 2 50 1435 00 3 00 ( 9 606 94 208 3^ 2 '2 94 4 50 3 50 5226 00 4 00 13 1272 82 317 4 438 70 16 00 7 00 3495 0( 6 13 768 13 162 S'- 403 00 17 00 12 00 760 00 1 8 228 75 66 71- 180 75 15 00 1 00 1485 00 8 8 336 14 195 04 371 7S 9 00 2 00 1415 00 4 50 4 f 436 13 136 6' 13 50 5 00 2926 00 90 00 6 It 1164 42 281 98 603 45 20 00 3800 00 20 00 4 1" 1093 90 207 00 652 03 1870 00 6 00 6 12 76H 25 160 08 410 26 17 60 7 00 1250 00 4 5 460 19 93 38 176 0) 1 50 35077 00| 185 00| 79|161| 10787 15| 2768 74] 5596 02| COUNTY. 1 186 S9| 69 60 165 00 12 00 S 57 60 58 26 1 00 537 00 6 150 25 22 64 102 43 5 00 2 CO 254 00 2 64 75 5 06 737 52 3 00 956 00 1 00 111 ■a12 501 27 60 1 898 211 9 OOI 00 32 250 Doc. JACKSON 3 a -Ji J g ;-, ^ _j A at . *s CG ts-j ^ rt i o © C 00 o o CO o -Ji .9 S CO a .Si .3 .3 " .>2 TOWNSHIPS. o I CO O 1^ a o 1 ^1 2; .a 0-2 Cm S< > j=i c-i •-; la s a m bjO ,2 o O o a 3 ,0 a s a a ^ ^ fe < Iz; Iz; ^ < < Blackmail, 7 o 374 370 6.4 84 S 658 62 $106 71 S 227 97 Brooklyn 6 3 439 343 6.0 338 805 48 216 32 633 27 Columbia, 6 248 229 6.7 188 438 (.8 43 24 324 23 Concord, 5 3 350 354 7.0 287 642 OS 264 89 24 23 Grass Lake, 9 o 627 545 7 7 264 1359 27 364 48 501 07 Hanover, 6 1 327 314 7.2 409 560 92 138 30 62 00 Henrietta, 6 258 225 7.3 271 331 91 134 89 31 87 Jackson, City,.. . 2 1258 1006 10.5 375 3189 85 3978 45 Leoni, 9 6 1 2 529 349 443 374 7.2 7 1 171 954 22 456 72 34 57 203 10 113 49 Liberty, 71 25 Napoleon, . 4 1 238 238 6.4 230 414 64 118 48 335 31 Parma, 6 6 6 4 3 1 S 3 658 371 423 335 602 374 379 316 7.2 7.0 g.8 8.3 85 409 188 1098 85 583 64 475 79 513 14 2Q1 65 188 51 112 98 200 27 453 81 Polaski, 541 06 Eives, 425 96 Sandstone, 211 90 Spring Arbor, 6 270 190 8.6 179 463 48 33 62 25 09 Springport, 6 3 382 377 6.8 528 07 253 84 150 03 Summit, 6 3 292 305 7.1 62 560 08 117 29 167 50 Tompkins, 7 2 321 315 6.1 313 561 42 133 18 105 75 Waterloo, 6 4 616 581 6.7 344 860 26 44 09 86 19 Total, 20 1161 40 86651 7880 1 7.1 4196 15451 32 3000 41 8470 37 KALAMAZOO Alamo, Brady, Charleston, Climax, Comsfock, Cooper, Kalamazoo, Oshtemo, Pavilion, Portage, Prairie Ronde... . Richland, Ross, Schoolcraft, Texas, Wakes hma, Total, 16 5 2 273 242 6.3 325 4 2 403 370 7.2 284 7 316 269 7.3 253 7 2 448 363 6.8 315 8 3 730 732 7.4 184 6 1 406 308 7.2 287 3 6 2036 1689 7.2 191 6 4 456 444 6.6 362 6 1 316 160 6.3 31 8 1 303 329 6.4 151 7 350 308 6.9 265 8 1 473 345 7.3 357 6 4 576 496 7.0 190 6 4:^7 379 8.4 100 4 283 242 6.1 96 4 1 204 181 7.0 412 95 31 8010 6857 6.6 325 3478, 381 47 461 29 616 17 508 92 1152 19 655 53 3139 46 693 31 445 78 538 03 728 58 797 62 666 47 995 97 383 93 220 86 12392 58 227 76 £02 05 46 27 127 82 439 14 234 78 99 56 147 52 127 60 241 71 198 63 107 65 146 82 253 46 172 11 170 6* 331 0" 241 l3 97 00 1044 40 134 15 10025 12 260 50 368 00 146 93 149 85 128 27 428 06 312 66 80 90 48 00 2772 8SI 13966 5S No. 1. 251 COUNTY. •Si-j -^ xn CO m o u o ^ c3 o o C3 H H « o c3 S 05 © ci « p o" cr o o :?; fe K Si 9 rt f-l .2 o A u o o •a to o a M o I—I i*^ i;^ =3 Ti Id > o o o n o rt P4 Ph -2^ $ 1975 O'J 3830 00 1971 00 2500 00 3250 00 1910 00 1035 00 25500 00 2605 47 1260 GO 1725 00 4575 00 1244 50 2125 00 2a00 00 1575 00 3100 00 2000 00 2310 00 2640 00 % bO uu 5 00 14 00 6 00 5f0 00 67 OC 3 00 46 00 38 00 31 00 5 00 30 00 20 00 25 50 19 00 11 8 4 11 6 6 8 7 8 20 5 10 10 3 18 7 11 7 10 5 4 8 14 6 6 8 9 5 10 5 7 8 10 7 12 5 12 9 18 128 207 $ 74(3 50 806 39 609 12 1 901 75 1475 14 680 col 435 19 4548 38 904 50 746 62 516 50 1204 51 735 75 694 29 721 02 486 38 1 852 76 667 70 655 36 870 61| 19158 43| $i4Z bO 155 02 125 58 160 08 276 4c 150 4: 76 02 565 80 239 66 168 82 106 72 337 98 166 9S 192 28 147 20 120 oe 179 40 147 66 150 88 288 8 $ 629 43 092 91 328 66 643 84 980 53 422 00 255 89 2624 05 551 31 352 12 333 56 755 87 455 29 000 00 899 37 500 00 441 24 813 41 400 00 5 20 09 S 69 29 100 00 j24 OC $18 00 41 00 20 00 10 00 5 50 6 00 40 OC 24 00 15 OC 5 CO 13 50 7 50 BOO 10 00 10 00 6 00 4 00 12 OC 10 00 20 00 6 00 6 00 6 00 15 00 16 50 7 00 5 00. 22 00 9 00 649S0 97 3898 501 1^199 54 169 29 COUNTY. 1650 00 1500 00 1385 00 1355 00 3437 25 2745 00 26325 00 2665 00 800 00 1825 00 1925 00 1510 00 2030 00 4000 60 1750 00 1200 00 24 00 4 ( 9 00 6 7 19 00 3 13 5 00 6 12 40 50 10 17 10 CO 6 9 147 00 7 25 28 00 7 14 4 10 7 11 20 GO 7 6 33 00 7 13 8 00 5 16 45 00 8 7 4 f 2 9 388 00 93 185 599 60 606 53 812 42 1736 57 852 71 4129 85 830 72 583 40 768 47 875 00 754 14 801 67 1189 44 534 96 364 35 116 38 162 84 144 44 208 38 300 84 170 10 875 38 198 26 136 62 153 18 154 56 187 22 206 08 201 9J 114 08 89 7C 265 09 287 46 568 74 460 37 851 39 518 40 2000 00 518 34 315 62 S85 05 620-65 606 64 176 28 933 39 365 16 147 63 84 29 259 00 93 39 241 00 17 00 20 00 12 00 6 00 20 00 5 00 25 00 14 00 22 OC 15 00 24 00 8 00 10 50 34 00 212 50 149 00 8 50 8 00 8 00 7 00 10 50 3 09 3 75 48 75 56112 251 15289 63 j 3427 00 | 9620 60 427 68 262 Doc. KENT TOWNSHIPS. 3 % 2 1* "S oo o o o OQ •a a> EC _2 as •a CO [C 0^ rf 3 fc< .23 O u ft 2rH O "*^ f»— 1 >.a tc "3 §° c3 ^.9 o ft a S t, M tH o M ® O o d ^ c3 a .a a ^ O O > 3 3 f=H 55 Z -■-:■ o s o <0 > 'S O a "5 "cj d d o o JH B 03 "cj > > :z ^ § tfl < < 05 $ |5 $ ifbSO 00 4 11 $ 763 C9 $153 64 $364 62 $91 15 $ 1250 UO 5 00 o f. 405 75 159 le 332 50 f. 30 OC 13 00 10 oo •2525 00 16 eo 8 15 1036 87 274 62 216 00 10 00 7 00 1550 00 22 00 7 415 47 108 10 200 40 6 50 1026 00 1 50 4 4 7 9 428 51 500 50 126 96 117 76 126 12 234 34 25 00 16 00 12 eo 1703 50 19 75 5 15 774 01 201 02 424 82 24 25 3 50 1125 00 40 00 4 11 711 62 140 30 406 46 12 00 8 00 1262 00 20 00 6 10 623 50 136 62 15 50 8 00 1245 00 10 00 6 8 562 12 126 50 320 8P 14 06 4 00 2964 00 38 00 7 10 826 70 141 22 404 38 19000 00 230 OG 6 25 8353 00 980 72 5639 46 26 00 850 00 25 00 5 7 530 25 153 64 380 00 6 50 5 00 1610 00 10 00 5 13 721 13 162 84 7 50 1 00 502 00 4 8 241 61 67 16 96 50 12 Of 3 00 1815 00 5 17 703 15 183 08 383 38 1 00 17 OC 4 00 2205 00 16 00 6 11 974 93 190 90 556 82 25 00 13 00 13 00 2000 CO 21 50 6 13 812 37 184 00 447 92 260 00 13 00 1 1 60 25 32 66 105 30 10 50 1 00 1310 00 5 00 1 10 44^. 10 108 10 13 00 3 00 100 00 1 210 00 28 98 107 50 1770 00 26 00 4 15 915 90 221 26 9 00 3 50 1980 00 7 9 829 50 191 82 662 53 30 00 11 00 2170 GO 20 00 5 n 917 00 221 26 488 50 52077 50| 533 75|108|249| 22593 83| 4412 32| 11898 44| 81 00)121 151226 76| 86 00 COUNTY. 2810 00 150 00 460 00 655 00 250 00 860 25 770 25 565 00 1305 00 450 00 1480 29 975 00 600 60 215 00 80 09 8 15 5 00 4 6 00 4 p> 6 50 1 4 1 36 1 3 6 25 4 8 10 00 e 9 10 00 1 5 14 88 11 19 5 3 5 10 50 00 1 5 1 4 1106 54 82 75 185 00 392 88 105 c8 418 5r 192 90 655 25 2S2 75 1479 21 371 00 555 75 116 07 135 00 18 75 374 441 31 28 44 16 115 46 42 32 9 66 302 22 112 70 76 82 190 44 1 81 88 475 181 91 54 156 40t 69 00 48 76 595 22 115 52 140 43 296 17 62 56 216 78 124 14 472 83 168 46 774 44 206 31 400 00 127 32 119 20 34 60 25 00 7 00 7 00 10 00 5 00 14 00 13 00 42 n 15 00 50 00 18 00 8 00 9 00 10 50 25 00 3 CO ]13 00 3 00 4 00 2 00 3 00 4 50 8 00 25 00 4 00 4 00 2 00 11625 79| 105 99| 49|10yj 5957 73| 2222 26| 3819 37 1 142 11] 1 145 60 1 68 50 COUNTY. 20 001 530 00 550 001 I 1| I l~3l"l| 100 001 582 00] "es-roo! 123 74 I "123 741 71 36 1 7l""36| 35 001 35 001 1 01 1 OOj 254 Doc. LENAWEE TOWNSHIPS. o ^ p ^ Q ;=5 o o o o a o cc O CO d i3 ,^ m -3 d o o 4-1 0) o S =« o m s a o Cm 0) d ;^ o !=JD C3 > -u O ijD '"■H3 O ^ ^ O d O > 6 :z; ^z; < iz: O CO .d t? d S •IS Adrian, " (City,). Blissfleld, Cambridge,..., Dover, Fairfield, , Franklin, , Hudson, , Macon, , Madison, Medina, Ogden, Palmyra, , Raisin, Ridgway, . Riga, Rollin, , Rome, Seneca, Tecumseb , Woodstock,.. . 8 . 6 571 549 7.6 1 2247 997 10.0 7 5 755 593 7.0 5 2 373 334 7.5 600 f 4 553 551 6.7 9 3 553 500 6.6 500 8 2 .519 458 7.5 11 893 723 7.1 8 1 552 465 7.6 5 fj 357 294 6.8 624 Q 4 779 671 6.6 7 2 384 370 6.6 554 9 o 591 521 6.0 600 7 5 603 57r< 7.7 4 9 329 181 7.8 615 4 1 215 159 5.4 650 5 3 536 498 7.2 9 1 555 444 8.4 6 4 617 619 7.3 8 1 1051 1112 8.7 7 1 350 314 6.8 564 574 528 321 698 58 253 786 376 409 344 377 808 355 $L555 36 3924 29 974 50 661 74 1121 63 990 72 1059 74 1035 85 956 15 965 49 1326 56 690 29 858 57 1263 95 590 08 196 29 971 76 1249 93 1071 04 2447 87 619 60 $ 127 13 297 67 41 50 55 94 236 51 169 fiS 293 90 72 51 19 50 17 78 71 76 287 61 98 22 28 42 29 35 95 79 282 72 1173 00 158 92 I k29 38 7600 00 £50 84 517 58 46 38 89 97 419 44 2507 18 177 00 128 08 95 75 182-39 194 20 530 25 526 90 186 00 1096 35 121 30 312 85 5482 29 150 50 Total, 21| 143| 51| 13383] 1G421| 7.3| 4143| 6977| 24527 47| 3565 46| 21043 61 LIVINGSTON Brigliton, . . Cohoctah, .. Conway, . . . Deerfleld, .. Genoa, Green Oak,. Hamburg,.. Handy, . . . . Hartland, . . Howell, Iosco, Marion, . ... Oscsolo, Putnam, .*. . Tyrone, Unadilla,... 5 2 413 361 7.4 597 6 3 383 297 4.9 134 3 4 301 324 5 6 334 8 1 400 366 6.0 134 5 4 345 336 6.4 515 6 2 345 329 6.7 489 4 3 317 .306 6.4 316 8 339 274 6.6 5 392 3!5 7 7 60 i 2 668 535 7.3 266 5 214 246 7.0 333 5 5 485 384 6.7 440 6 2 354 332 7.0 207 6 2 451 473 7.5 90 7 1 371 .395 8.1 165 T 2 425 389 5.5 39 ;^ 93 1 33 1 6203 1 5862 1 6.6 1 1601 1 2878 505 70 443 77 415 57 579 60 549 36 531 99 225 60 283 25 559 88 857 52 347 73 691 98 517 20 628 80 555 22 626 94 140 73 106 77 58 28 147 08 132 92 299 04 169 83 118 10 76 371 252 35 7'8 27 179 89| 171 59 178 34 202 22 258 38 147 36 128 60 39 80 43 00 103 50 53 00 271 00 83 23 114 59 327 78 50 58 95 23 107 75 223 97 77 19 156 Total, 16 8680 151 2420 071 2012 58 MACKINAW Holmes, 2 1 1 250 20 203 213 18 45 5.0 4.0 4 4061 444 64 105 44 140 00 312 92 Moran , 12 67 St. Ignace, 90 00 Total, 3 4 1 473 276 4.3 406 j 550 08 140 00 415 59 No. 255 COUNTY. K <5 m .5 tc L> OJ !-. ^ rfl ce <» a H ^ QJ 03 s •^ -o c td ta c3 c? o* ;z; ^ (^ £3 « ±; o o « o.S o ^ (1 Ji tc %^ '^ rA d S ^•^ g.^ ,5^ c!:;-] ^ "C c r3 a « Pi $ 2326 GU 30000 CO 4097 00 2425 G(.. 2756 OC 2800 00 3049 00 5140 00 1780 00 2100 0- 2705 00 990 00 2955 OC 4250 00 1925 00 1150 OC 4047 50 800 50 4101 00 30345 00 1240 00 1 50 150 00 19 00 10 Ou 15 00 1 00 15 00 2 OV 20 Oc 30 00 55 50 7 00 1 00 40 00 15 OC 34 00 IS 00 165 00 9 17 e 13 J 22 ;-. 10 c: 1£ 12 12 7 13 10 16 e 11 e 1 8 18 6 12 '• T7 8 17 V; f 7 IS 6 16 8 17 10 25. 0> 12 $1510 67 5719 36 1280 ?5 680 7: 1084 72 IISO 40 1150 85 1458 & 9' 4 75 784 85 1146 81 721 50 1133 89 1254 38 571 2£ 295 iO 898 56 1175 02 1320 58 4514 25 703 26 $266 o4 927 82 323 28 170 •.:<; 250 70 250 24 231 38 338 5€ 242 45 175 26 S54 66 169 74 240 58 275 54 146 74 92 00 199 64 268 20 281 98 488 06 349 04 $1474 61 2996 47 769 88 470 IP 832 80 888 2.3 912 00 1335 SO 719 28 1226 86 882 20 466 92 663 50 1118 00 454 13 235 83 772 12 1125 03 969 55 2201 86 482 45 30 00 200 00 ^26 89 93 68 S2 65 17 IS 25 31 25 26 33 92 34 18 24 47 17 68 35 8] 17 14 24 27 27 82 14 82 9 29 26 47 28 41 49 28 24 3o $18 00 30 CO 4 50 15 00 11 00 23 50 7 50 25 00 12 CO 19 CO 9 00 28 CO 12 00 3 Ot 9 00 16 00 25 00 8 00 $13 00 9 00 8 00 6 50 9 50 4 50 13 50 6 00 13 00 18 00 6 CO 10 00 12 00 111380 00] 609 03 1 140 1 298 1 29550 27 1 5928 48 1 19796 76] 230 00156S 63 1 275 50] 129 00 COUNTY. 1940 OC 26 00 6 8 741 75 186 76 450 07 28 12 665 00 13 50 5 8 653 68 172 04 286 36 10 50 1330 00 33 00 f, 10 428 17 151 02 297 47 10 50 7 00 1374 00 11 00 <. 11 672 50 179 86 393 35 30 00 10 00 1435 00 20 00 6 1 6P9 01 157 78 309 20 12 CO 1400 00 5 00 8 8 ■ 796 00 160 OS 414 92 25 00 S 00 1628 75 23 50 6 6 5 10 706 17 560 25 138 92 157 78 420 38 50 OC 6 00 750 OC e ( 773 96 165 60 510 54 11 00 6 00 4111 00 29 00 8 15 835 91 263 58 610 27 2 GO 1200 00 5 5 424 00 108 10 308 63 2690 CO 32 00 ( IS 835 25 225 40 476 58 3 00 1456 5- 40 50 6 10 688 00 192 28 389 78 7 00 3 00 2175 00 5 11 784 04 190 44 406 24 4 00 1275 00 5 00 8 9 738 00 183 54 369 68 20 00 2 00 2650 00 6 9 1025 00 208 84 442 76 10 00 4 50 26079 75 238 561 100 1 146 1 11261 59i 2842 02 1 6088 22 1 115 121 i 110 00 44 50 COUNTY. 1000 00 200 00 6 00 2 1 1 460 00 140 GO 105 00 187 22 71 30 291 42 40 99 30 00 25 00 15 00 4 00 10 00 6 60 1200 00 5 00 3| 1 695 00 258 52 1 362 41 1 25 00 1 29 OOj 6 0» 356 Doc. MACOMB TOWNSHIPS. "A « S o p— 1 o o ^ o tc o .£3 fl to Cl t3 o H o o *j o ei ;2; ■^ o rt t* ^ ;-< o 6 > 5^ -!5 S-2 ^ 0! OS Armnda Bruce, Chesterfield,. Clinton, Erin, Harrison, . .. Lenox, Macomb , Ray, Richmond , . . Shelby, Sterling, Warren, Washington, 51^ 64-2 738 104S 758 208 474 60S 542 670 700 278 416 660 487 523 7.7 493 6.5 689 7.0 374 6.8 66 7.6 37! 6.8 494 6.7 504 7 6 66S 6.9 49 7.4 219 6 2 245 7.1 603 8.5 100 419 312 253 285 150 214 375 279 167 405 281 151 i 150 $1089 98 1521 81 1017 67 1562 51 810 42 275 49 582 18 780 47 989 08 782 Qb 1093 57 433 06 494 37 1632 44 $.5 75 17 32 60 28 6 25 8 00 52 71 81 03 178 39 329 98 209 01 47 19 46 72 219 50 $322 87 80 00 649 00 1701 22 351 64 28 38 65 20 271 80 158 75 114 16 2515 00 364 14 106 00 294 80 Total, 14| 77! 23| 8256| 6226|7.1| 831| 2T10| 130^5 98| 1282 IB | 7022 45 MANISTEE Brown , . . Manistee , 581 97 391 82 3.01 7.6 1561 280 165 S8| 316 73 9 00 281 00 421 42 Total, 2| Paine, Marquette, 155 5551 1121 1211 5 31 651 6.; 1801 8.01 156 482 1 9 001 702 42 672 1 Summit, 31] 22| 3.0| Green, . . Leonard, 751 53 f3| 66 3.01 8.0 2.5 MANITOU 1541 1.51 14| 40 89! 16 S7 MARQUETTE I 18S0 04| 73 12] 1847 00 MASON 22 75! 103 08 MECOSTA 57 64 27 371 182 93 1 292 80 541 07 Total, .2| 4| 1| 128| 119| 5.5| 'i5| Ingcrsoll , Jeromo, Midland , 2 40 33 6.0 1 U I'J 6 1 90 1 2o;j HI 7 .'i 374 210 30 1 79 95 108 36 862 92 ?7 64| 833 87 MIDLAND 23 00 .30 00 160 00 Total, 3| 186| 6.4| 90| 374| 1051 23| SO 00 183 00 No. 257 COUNTY. _( ^ OG •Ji O 02 ^ .a ry cC rt o ej crt H c3 H o ■< 5S o IS s 5^ S m C=J CS o C3 C p 3 o< C ci o O P> :z; Iz ?£ ^^ S-i ® c3 a ,ci o ^ tH 'r* C3 o =s . Jcj 5 a 5 bO ©a p o 3 ^t-^ to 3 o > o o o tS 6 >i '3 ;a • to "3 -2 t-i rt Z.s o Q fl -4^ o t< ai ® O 1 C (50 O M 6 bo cS Si © > s &^ ;zi 55 6 418 46 629 49 470 72 .521 40 595 24 2320 34 961 15 446 02 250 64 $ 19 87 61 91 203 48 27 05 1 62 53 87 £9 45 13 73 145 53 56 92 56 59 107 35 $403 21 414 51 496 19 388 06 82 58 56 00 69 81 42 89 253 25 521 40 SB 98 360 00 182 88 341 63 250 62 Total, 151 881 231 54631 7.11 35321 229c| 11)533 641 777 371 3890 99 MONTCALM Bloomer, .. Buslinell , . . Cato, Crystal,. . . Eureka, Evergreen, Fairplain, . Ferris, , Montcalm, Pier son, — Sidney, 6 221 160 4.9 233 5 1 228 165 6.0 194 2 56 47 3.5 72 4 69 51 3.4 5 2 350 341 7.0 46 1 20 16 6.0 121 e 164 140 4 7 145 3 Si 20 3.5 1 1 47 67 6.6 105 1 26 14 3.0 1 38 21 5.0 100 312 02 246 87 128 11 11 50 471 53 41 26 240 56 17 50 136 37 75 00 106 it 23 47 45 88 12 60 293 23 77 83 25 75 13 70 88 68 8 00 45 00 66 50 261 66 136 88 200 00 17 00 95 00 Total, • 111 35| . 4| 12&7I 103:i| 4.9! 426| 689| ^787 141 49175 918 72 MUSKEGON Cazenovia, Dalton, Moorland, Muskegon, Oceana, Eavenua, "White River,., € 1 219 2 e 4.8 148 1 li fi 3>0 1 17 15 6.( S 306 257 7.0 274 2 1 40 27 3.0 100 4 141 103 4.6 145 2 1 71 66 6.0 66 19 3 807 686 4.9 578 145 198 26 32 75 39 00 184 81 225 00 881 33 45 50 779 69 185 3S 23 00 271 43 117 33 60 48 211 48 Total, 1382 i5| 200 78 1 1622 41 NEWAYGO Ashland, Q 101 110 5.8 127 88 12 64 25 13§ 00 Big Prairie, 1 1 101 74 7.0 87 241 oe 20 06 35 00 Bridgton , 1 18 14 6.0 130 00 Brooks, 1 151 147 8.0 345 78 148 00 534 88 Croton , 5 2 239 198 0.6 19 309 07 162 48 180 25 Drayton, 3 85 12 3.7 60 28 27 12 136 24 Ensley, 9 32 12 3 4 31 64 20 9 00 9 00 Everett, 1 3 25 77 20 63 4.C 3.7 73 19 46 75 81 41 51 60 Fremont, 50 50 Total, 9 20 » 826 710 b.-l 210 146 1376 60 48-i 45 1101 87 No. 1. 259 COUNTY. •a a 1 oc s o o o a OG u J3 /a o m 3 1 5^ S i d o . a CO <2 s > a . .S3 o w tl-l o o s "5 a o o s "3 '3 Cm o o o c o.a ■gcQ E-2 sa o > o II 6 Q ^ CD ft Oi c 4^ 3 ® o< & "3 "S o o '3 "2 12 "cS "3 c c o g g 'rt '3 t> t> ^ iz; H Ph ■< ■5 K P4 P-. $ 3210 00 $ 15 00 5 16 $ 86.:i 93 $ 301 76 $ $30 96 $ 1855 00 1 00 5 8 630 25 179 86 2000 00 15 00 6 12 880 95 284 74 6S3 08 27 85 10 50 6 50 1561 00 52 00 4 11 880 5s 258 06 479 21 25 24 10 CO 6 60 1165 00 15 00 S 8 356 19 135 24 '.78 45 13 23 3 CO 720 00 10 00 5 9 888 13 203 14 565 70 29 00 S 06 4 00 1275 Go 5 7 4P1 64 130 64 • 282 52 12 78 14 00 9 60 650 00 61 00 3 12 510 18 234 60 441 13 ' 22 95 15 00 8 90 850 00 3 11 501 50 161' 54 280 33 1060 00 31 50 3 9 675 10 200 56 340 20 8 28 1150 00 18 00 2 5 479 07 151 34 443 50 21 86 6 00 16000 00 100 00 2 6 2987 00 575 46 1744 00 29 CO 12 00 1940 00 16 00 8 11 10S8 53 326 60 326 60 32 00 1225 00 15 00 S 9 533 43 158 70 350 96 15 52 9 00 800 00 7 8 764 00 193 66 436 00 4 00 35461 00| 349 50] 64|14-^| 12480 45| 3594 9U| 6651 68} BOUNTY. |268 67| 85 50| 41 50 995 00 3 8 284 11 86 02 170 32 25 00 12 12 6 00 180 00 9 CO 1 11 269 88 94 30 163 77 9 50 1 50 150 00 2 £■8 00 21 16 448 88 35 00 12 00 1 00 225 00 4 77 SO 11 50 88 CO 12 50 3 SO 1605 00 35 00 4 8 710 4-; 167 90 141 00 14 37 30 00 15 00 180 00 2 52 80 7 36 69 16 15 00 929 00 1 8 264 CO 75 90 144 50 8 75 1 CO 660 00 V 16 25 6 44 216 00 6 00 ISO 00 2 o 135 25 25 76 173 57 25 00 3 OS 13 25 3 50 150 00 i 19 50 20 00 1 1 49 25 13 34 93 09 7 00 5224 00 44 00 12| 49 1 1936 96 1 509 68 1708 291 100 00 17 40 111 12 31 50 COUNTY. 851 00 3 10 1 75 00 •; 1000 00 5 00 2 o 200 00 2 700 00 6 710 CO 2 371 75 19 50 39 00 1007 82 45 50 176 64 174 75 106 72 150 88 15 64 58 88 146 10 720 00 164 65 138 35 35 00 7 50 4 00 50 27 00 8 00 4 00 2 50 3 00 3536 001 5 001 'COUNTY. 1834 96 1 332 121 1169 101 26 00 1 53 50| 3 00 356 00 2 00 5 156 75 40 94 107 69 £5 00 2 OC 162 00 5 g 241 CO 50 60 •.:40 OC 50 00 4 OC 1 00 250 00 •'J 80 00 130 00 1000 00 56 75 o 3 618 73 65 75 296 61 lb 00 1585 OC 5 00 5 7 485 26 106 72 177 00 8 00 75 00 4 103 65 30 86 ISO IS 25 00 2 00 240 00 2 6-2 50 6 44 82 84 25 00 12 00 1 24 00 11 50 240 70 3 OO 60 300 eo 29 00 o 2 157 48 19 32 90 69 4 00 50 3967 00 92 75 13 27 1899 36J 331 66] 1545 67 160 00 27 00 10 00 260 Doc OAKLA.ND 2 5 .2* o •A o ■^ w M •ji a TOWNSHIPS. CO e o o CO o 6 '"3 CO . c3 a O d o u > .S CO S 5 S-2 .o 3 1^ 3 o .2 in o s .22 O •i t a '^ £ ^ Iz < ii fe: < ■< Addison, 4 2 328 o:yJ. 7.7 148 $530 90 % 24 00 $;iol 25 Avon , 8 6 6 563 782 513 654 6.7 •8.0 706 430 1135 79 1640 77 283 71 41 53 544 67 BlooBQfleld, 224 81 Brandon, 4 4 526 467 7.1 195 659 43 110 19 459 41 Commerce , 6 5 509 472 7.7 342 939 53 320 69 490 44 Farmington, 5 5 659 600 8.0 1000 1569 32 85 84 112 70 Groveland, 7 1 396 362 s.o 308 500 11 145 66 51 97 Highland, 4 390 32-2 7.1 360 673 54 IS 77 286 20 Bollv, 8 2 53i 547 401 351 7.5 7.5 101 SS5 S09 47 936 69 186 46 65 25 321 88 Independence, ... 36 00 Lyon 7 9 5 3 1 2 6 4 406 656 527 374 396 617 53S 314 8.6 8.C T.7 8.0 640 331 411 884 38 1076 93 1293 44 854 09 81 83 355 77 139 55 5 00 25 00 Milford, 117 77 Novi, 216 55 Oakland, 133 89 Orion, 8 S 9 5 4 2 S 1 2 3 4S3 493 1263 429 428 418 413 978 373 379 7.0 8.2 7.9 7.9 7.1 840 383 532 398 866 09 773 10 2763 14 667 87 826 51 170 91 114 73 86 76 59 90 117 85 564 60 Oxford, 173 46 Pontiac, 2780 90 Rose. 295 21 Royal Oak, 69 84 Southfield, 7 3 531 480 8.0 T99 1180 49 163 33 66 10 'Springfield, 9 o 540 505 7.7 367 843 66 174 4-2 505 70 Trov, 5 c 4 535 467 493 413 7,0 7.6 479 379 1273 86 1009 92 105 82 142 57 377 60 Waterford, 64 28 West Bloomfleld. . 5 2 323 278 7.9 462 710 18 74 68 105 50 White Lake,- 6 2 404 398 7.0 240 692 78 98 29 99 IS Total, 25 1 152 1 69 I3iei ! 11387 1 7.2 1 3186 1 7368 ! 25111 99 1 3169 51 8434 77 OCEANA- Benona, .... Clay Bancs, Elbridge,.. . Pent Water, 3 47 33 3.0 14 3 68 50 5.7 r 41 12 6.2 i 33 15 3.0 41 00 70 67 161 16 69 00 43 25 62 45 8 28 85 00 16 10 2a 91 Total, 183| 110| 4 51 14| 134 381 137 831 308 61 ONTONAGON Greenland, .. Ontonagon,. . Pewabic, Rockland , . . . " Total, .41 1 105 89 8.5 82 1 305 192 9.0 560 1 '/ 1 370 263 9.0 7921 544! 8.81 493 60 100 00 769 50 1559 76 413 8 413 81 1098 39 800 00 81! 5501 2775 30 | I 2S73 50 No. t. 261 COTNTY. "O OS 02 o o 53 1 be ti cS CO B c3 c « . ^ ►-I A QQ P Ih c3 Eh Eh ;. Eh •^ 9 «^ b. 1 On P< . ^^ O eS 1 o H o 1 o crt a o a i s 1 c3 s 1 O O ,o ® § . a to .g 3 CO o o IS tl-l o "3 > 'S o O o > 'S u o a !«« [«3 6 p o § a S '3 'S k l> iz; 55 H ^ <. < P3 Pi (2 600 00 10 00 4 8 $ 543 98 % 153 64 377 29 33 40 $13 00 $12 00 S33o 00 5 25 9 16 1499 98 275 08 985 58 59 80 18 00 10 50 5170 00 3T 00 9 14 1599 45 327 52 996 63 71 20 22 00 1608 00 15 00 8 9 775 29 243 34 439 12 52 90 3050 50 6 13 1166 36 247 03 725 90 53 70 3030 00 16 00 10 11 1572 66 313 26 1136 74 68 10 12 00 1350 00 4 11 611 50 178 94 297 16 38 90 1630 00 25 00 6 4 631 65 176 18 520 26 38 SO 1870 00 1 25 7 12 894 48 239 20 482 29 32 00 15 00 6 00 1865 00 12 00 9 9 892 25 230 00 762 19 50 00 11 00 2 50 1406 25 7 10 964 64 187 22 838 50 40 70 17 50 10 50 4670 00 47 00 10 11 1526 03 310 04 67 40 2095 00 15 00 11 13 1380 68 241 5C 1001 62 52 60 21 00 8 00 1865 00 67 00 7 9 749 25 182 62 734 25 39 70 2971 50 35 50 6 13 923 54 209 76 656 33 45 60 2165 00 5 8 723 25 218 04 666 72 47 40 7 00 9060 00 74 00 10 18 3773 76 571 32 2480 29 124 20 10 00 2564 00 5 00 8 10 7C1 85 193 66 469 45 42 15 18 25 4 60 1790 00 2 00 6 8 863 12 204 70 621 81 25 00 44 50 20 00 9 60 3210 00 29 00 8 10 1236 00 260 36 862 55 §6 60 7 00 14 00 3875 00 39 00 6 1*- 1035 00 245 64 557 29 53 40 2800 00 6 eo 8 14 1292 80 248 40 1025 46 54 00 11 00 4 00 1750 00 55 CO 7 11 1060 50 225 86 714 00 49 10 1 00 26-25 ©0 6 7 764 75 158 18 800 44 33 30 17 60 2625 00 18 00 6 17 784 88 204 24 463 83 44 40 6 00 67880 25 614 00 182 278 27954 55 6040 72 18608 62) 25 00 127325 219 25 90 00 COUNTY. 275 00 6 00 1 2 109 50 11 04 4f9 00 7 45 255 00 4 102 00 24 84 294 30 26 08 6 00 75 00 2 56 50 8 28 110 00 13 87 1 23 91 16 10 92 61 10 87 1 50 605 00 6 00 1 9 291 91 120 52 955 92 58 27 7 50 COUNTY. 2-^0 00 1 290 00 48 30 445 £0 4000 0« 150 00 10 00 1 2 2 2 1192 00 766 e7 151 80 3 68 125 58 618 32 413 81 1093 39 100 00 4200 00 160 00 3 5 2248 67 329 36 2676 82 100 00 ■ 262 Dog OTTAWA TOWNSHIPS. c3£ O CO 2'* =F!^ 2i.a ©,£3 ^ c3 9 rf Allaadale, . . . Blendon, — Chester, Crockery, ... Georgetown,. Holland, Jamestown, . Olive, Ottawa, Polkton, Robinson, . .. iSpring Lake,. Tallmadge, .. Wright, Zeeland, 2 61 64 7.0 260 2 55 54 5.5 252 6 2 292 249 5.0 184 5 178 140 6.0 104 9 264 220 6.4 314 4 1 579 358 8.3 236 5 163 137 5.6 250 1 13 22 3.5 31 2 335 202 8.1 209 7 S 367 326 5.6 256 2 142 115 6.5 6 1 412 302 7.0 164 8 1 554 479 6.1 315 3 3 495 3S5 8 494 $166 88 100 93 362 5&' 247 05 402 40 691 24 221 S7 801 81 463 06 276 93 522 21 485 38 544 66 5 6 75 61 20 15 58 31 61 1 11 18 00 11 00 115 24 25 00 158 18 181 79 $ 22 00 265 00 269 99 280 38 702 91 167 92 33 00 2240 76 358 88 386 00 804 67 345 75 740 82 Total, 15| 62| 111 39'JS| 30231 6. 3| 1827| 1233| 5188 50| 625 38 1 4718 08 SAGINAW City Birch Run, Blumfield, . Brady, Brant, Bridgeport, Buena Vista, Chesaning,, E. Saginaw Frankinmuth, Premont, Maple Grove, Kochville, . . Saginaw, Saginaw City, Spaulding,... St. Charles,.. Taymouth,. . . Thomastown , Tittabawasse, Zilwaukie,.. . 254 175 68 25 206 82 156 80 i 378 10 42 172 233 586 64 153 158 146 172 186 90 69 29 l.iO 63 118 425 163 10 23 59 339 403 45 186 102 94 149 42 5 8 4.0 4.0 S 4.6 6.0 6.6 9.6 3,4 3 3 3.0 6.7 9.0 8.7 6.3 3.6 4.2 6.6 6.0 152 38 283 115 143 394 240 383 242 31 384 54 82 100 256 14 184 80 111 00 115 (0 69 34 204 72 1402 33 339 06 . 18 92 10 76 134 10 432 8o 984 39 125 3i 150 00 238 83 337 15 192 19 84 21 77 22 16 7 19 00 68 50 21 CO 138 55 24 00 14 33 8 44 17 64 12 89 161 75 37 67 48 00 57 00 295 63 108 00 145 95 1893 83 124 00 110 00 70 5« 260 eo 390 00 300 00 188 00 103 00 490 85 451 77 11 00 Total, 201 58 3972 2525 5. 4 1 12801 1516 1 5391 09 1 456 25] 5247 95 SANILAC Austin, Br idgehampton , . Buel, Delaware, Forester, Fremont, Lexington, Marion, Marlett, Sanilac, Speaker, Washington, Worth, 1 1 62 34 3.5 32 4 97 63 4.2 25 2 50 27 6.0 62 4 134 89 3 85 2 100 81 5 5 100 3 77 58 4.5 40 10 718 634 1 .c 367 3 60 47 1 22 12 4.0 7 410 220 5.2 298 2 78 21 4.0 60 1 1 45 3S 4.5 124 5 3 570 487 6.3 440 94 50 74 82 71 89 121 22 208 00 111 51 774 93 32 30 .301 19 38 00 231 56 619 62 1 00 12 00 13 00 4 03 1 75 48 00 293 06 50 113 16 49 79 96 00 79 71 109 25 136 00 86 00 95 00 222 40 279 00 23 17 689 67 30 00 1S5 00 46 00 Total, 13| 45| i\ 2t23| 1664| 4 8| 805| 875| 26l9 54| 536 29 1 2025 21 No. T 263 COUNTY. CO .£3 $ 310 00 7'0 00 1660 00 1620 00 940 00 1590 00 60 00 1000 00 3155 00 1400 00 3150 00 1103 00 810 60 $ 4 $ 156 00 f 23 92 $140 70 1 2 177 75 35 42 115 02 18 25 4 10 452 65 131 bt" 73 52 1 6 268 50 72 21 179 25 2 13 476 49 124 20 273 20 54 00 2 4 1161 84 233 22 370 60 24 50 7 286 50 60 26 165 44 1 26 00 144 60 50 00 1 9 840 00 133 40 634 se 8 8 754 07 150 88 5 98 393 27 1 2 399 00 74 98 226 66 61 00 3 10 747 20 183 08 340 01 12 75 7 9 359 76 223 56 293 SS 91 50 4 S 889 74 •J13 90 330 56 1-5 o > ft m < $ 10 00 10 00 25 00 48 88 25 00 u o (O ■ci o c3 « fl. 17398 C0| 303 00| 40| 77| 6995 50j 1666 oSj 3680 5S| 118 88 $ 4 CO 11 00 9 75 12 00 10 50 9 00 15 CO « 7 00 8 50 24 50 8 00 1 119 25 1 COUNTY. 1235 00 300 00 970 00 35 00 525 00 450 00 1445 00 2500 UO 400 00 •500 00 «6 00 330 00 1000 00 1500 00 420 00 600 00 320 00 395 00 755 00 300 00 2 9 85 00 1 S 2 1 5 1 3 1 4 22 00 ^ 1 20 00 ^ 3 4 2 5 4 2 E 3 2 6 5 00 1 361 29 167 84 82 25 37 50 189 0^' 183 00 268 50 '753 44 309 90 23 00 29 3£- 97 50 403 00 1124 6f- 113 00 348 00 211 5(1 287 50 202 50 100 00 119 14 74 52 19 35 3 68 69 9:' 29 44 64 86 333 50 112 '.4 5 25 47 84 77 28 251 16 21 16 48 30 61 64 49 fS 63 9j 31 28 141 25 1 90 9 75 152 00 25 00 1 20 6 60 200 00 42 11 00 161 '.0 9 00 173 84 25 00 8 00 235 Oi 47 5 00 170 00 1 16 15 50 IOCS 83 100 00 5 33 V26 82 2 25 13 50 136 00 25 00 2 00 104 00 25 00 09 122 14 97 448 00 100 00 1 46 6 00 733 23 4 03 104 le 25 00 36 3 00 91 6 00 177 14 25 06 6 22 8 00 -.98 97 3 98 13 eo 160 or. 25 00 1 Ot 17 50 52 55 25 00 48 2 OC 150 00 320 00 75 00 475 00 875 00 310 00 3615 00 30 eo 860 00 64 50 270 00 1140 00 50 00 22 00 55 00 2 00 16 00 2 1 3 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 8 14 1 5 6 1 1 2 3 10 95 50 179 31 176 50 124 50 127 25 132 00 1099 06 32 00 640 00 52 00 113 00 740 5 25 30 48 3 10 58 47 84 31 28 17 48 312 80 174 34 23 00 251 62 7984 50 1 145 00 1 22 1 47 1 3511 71 1 987 84 1 105 14 1 00 ■4 00 150 00 12 00 86 31 25 00 46 10 5i: 89 16 128 00 25 00 3 OC 136 51 25 00 10 00 6 00 279 93 13 60 14 00 216 00 30 00 5 0(. 46 50 4 5v 241 00 130 93 5 00 250 45 25 00 11 00 9 Oi 198 47 10 94 13 Oi 2058 40 130 00 47 00 86 OOj 1 50 4 50 3 50 7 50 1 00 3 00 15 CO 3 00 ~39 00 2 50 2 00 4 00 2 00 10 00 3 50 2 00 2 00 7 00 6 00 4 50 13976 00| lo2 00| 22| 72| 6298 48 | 1484 42| 4864 95| 400 OOj 32 28|135 75| 44 50 COUNTY. 1 £0 2 50 50 3 00 8 50 16 oe 264 0(-e. ST CLAIR TOWNSHIPS. ^ ^ -.J J ^ •^ — ' -^ . c cc — C t. ^ y ^ 11 O cS o X — ^ ^ >> ^ -*^ f- m :; t» ■Jl u ■o 2 fi cc ■? 2-i m o 5 o 1 2 Is 3'K ^ d '-—1 — o -S fcJD C3 _o o cS C s ^ 6 c > < Js i • 82 55 00 •240 70 194 SO 12 77 4S9 61 410 St) ]01 19 o9 00 IS 00 84 96 230 5« 601 75 225 00 96 60 55 00 205 00 445 42 1500 00 28 25 4;0 17 2442 0) 322 94 Berlin , Brock way, Burchviile, Casco, China, Clay, Clyde, Columbus, Cottrelville, East China, Emmett, Greenwood, Ira, Kenochee, Kimball, Lynn, Mussey, Port Huron, Port Huron City,. Riley, St. Clair,..- St. Clair City, Wales, 7 1 400 347 6.4 455 3 1 277 212 8.L 15£ 10 63t. 45? 6.S 23^' 4 302 lis 5.2 870 6 1 473 396 6.9 343 5 410 324 5.S 496 A o 407 33'S 6.1 30G 8 421 187 b/i o 1 505 281 7.'1 41-2 3 l^'i 93 5.7 195 3 80 67 4.5 4 5 214 125 4. 8 5 486 257 8.0 7 326 190 5.4 164 S 1 253 187 6.7 238 1 35 35 3.C 100 4 132 148 6.0 148 6 o 468 375 6.0 33 1 1156 772 9.0 37C 7 307 242 6.1 6 2 593 439 6.5 173 1 648 450 10.0 865 9 365 276 5.6 365 i 110 14 9129 6337 6.3 2393 2647 412 2i 594 13 2r2 12 612 84 397 6^ 3^2 10 208 IS (^:3'i 46 2f-2 IC 74 se 166 53 437 00 291 35 369 15 65 00 205 86 556 89 1698 00 339 48 587 01 1126 14 383 16 75 81 S4 26 81 9^ H4 45 75 Of, 167 Oc 48 0^ 110 6( 84 54 32 00 32 00 183 63 245d 00 32 76 94 74 Total, 28 10459 86 1 3657 851 8395 40 SHTAWASEE Antrim, Bennington , . . . Burns, Caledonia, Fairfield, Hazleton, Middlebury, ... New Haven,... Owosso, Owosso City,.. Perry, Rush, Sciota, Shiawassee, . ., Venice , Vernon, WoodhuU, 2 5 810 24P 5.5 150 5 1 282 268 5.2 253 8 351 304 6.5 105 5 2 612 502 6.G 263 5 118 96 5.0 188 6 1 119 75 4.6 172 6 1 221 168 6.4 209 4 1 184 1-25 5.6 100 2 164 156 6.5 155 1 443 344 9.5 3 1 218 122 6.8 20 4 1 145 102 3.8 225 5 1 182 186 5.9 245 S 3 508 448 6.1 328 4 238 182 4.9 S 1 442 34fi 7.0 180 6 206 leo 6.0 90 363 6-"' SSS 64 514 76 724 83 130 0] lt-2 86 314 51 149 83 224 63 704 77 293 32 75 56 259 19 6.32 37 315 4S 562 93 243 55 24 16 70 88 176 67 9 45 53 24 25 25 96 6£ 2 51 2-8 80 68 00 29 5C 137 94 41 91 82 5'2 128 47 15 75 322 22 61 00 .1441 45 354 19 42 94 196 GO 29 le 2781 76 50 00 205 00 366 55 336 30 109 00 76 38 2114 62 Total, 17| 78| 21| 4743| 3802 1 6.0 1 595| 2098] 609110; 12:^ 83i 6692 32 No. \. 265 COUNTY: ^ ■a ci cc ffl u ,a =) -»-> j^ c3 o s-> c^ H c3 ^ ffl P< . CS -<5 CQ id ^^ (5^ cd o o ci ;3 S" cS o !> Iz; ;z; ^ « aj u «; .Si a S ci ^ u ^ o o ^ d <^ 3-2 02 , o K O cii ■9 £ o =-a pH-r ai^ "5 to ^^ o "Z "S *> a> 3 ^ o o P w <5 c2 1485 00 700 00 3245 00 671 00 1501 50 500 00 2540 00 960 00 250 00 340 00 440 00 895 00 1190 00 660 00 800 00 825 00 1343 0.( 18630 00 775 00 2068 00 SOOO 00 1740 00 17 00 a 12 2 5 15 00 6 13 Ci 4 10 75 s 9 10 00 4 9 75 2 10 1 ^ 25 00 6 4 6 00 1 8 2 50 2 2 7 47 00 4 5 36 50 1 10 62 00 3 5 1 13 00 2 3 50 50 g 13 o 8 20 00 S 7 30 00 :. 12 20 00 1 7 2 11 561 92 500 12 753 62 192 99 600 15 626 17 630 76 337 50 644 97 22T 00 162 00 152 25 751 92 397 50 412 75 19 50 240 00 998 80 2441 00 366 87 r46 78 1938 00 419 41 192 74 115 92 273 70 118 68 197 80 193 66 180 78 186 30 212 98 60 26 40 48 38 18 255 95 132 48 132 48 36 34 88 64 213 60 557 52 14e 30 237 82 326 14 161 4' 264 36 376 90 211 34 447 6'^ 288 00 251 08 449 IC 237 21 132 4:4 136 62 212 63 186 75 261 00 93 27 169 17 338 5v 1141 0' 239 05 o40 19 800 00 221 31 25 00 40 00 25 0:> 25 00 25 00 50 00 25 OC 6 i:y 8 75 3 78 10 0( 8 79 9 00 7 11 16 5C 6 eo 14 00 4 00 9 00 6 00 6 00 4 31 6 00 17 67 6 or 4 00 62 05 9 00 7n 5 OC •/ 50 4 00 2 00 8 50 7 00 2 00 3 00 2 00 3 58 2 00 1 00 4 08 Zl 50 1 11 60 9 Oii 16 00 5 60 43958 59 1 366 50 1 66|15S| 14021 98 1 4044 5i| 7139 70 1 215 00 1 143 85 1 150 75 1 58 6» COUNTY. 985 00 26 00 3 8 370 00 151 34 235 oe 10 56 1550 00 6 00 4 9 437 50 132 94 255 70 > 15 00 1516 00 47 00 2 10 703 1^ 172 50 425 67 5675 25 152 00 8 12 1353 00 238 74 626 8c 9 00 210 00 4 3 182 60 31 74 132 60 6 60 2 OQ 1170 GO 4 00 2 5 242 50 42 32 163 70 9 00 480 00 3 to 1 13 4'SO 28 108 56 205 96 9 00 3 60 770 00 4 3 256 00 74 98 ISO 83 13 00 1 60 1450 00 5 60 2 r 258 21 69 46 149 17 5 00 4 50 5500 00 1 f, 1894 99 198 26 503 51 a I 1 365 75 82 34 303 32 5 25 3 00 650 00 20 00 j 2 162 10 43 24 118 13 18 08 1 50 902 50 1 0' 3 4 380 60 SO 50 229 50 7 00 2 50 2005 00 31 CO 7 5 f43 73 227 24 426 67 16 50 7 00 750 00 31 00 1 6 217 50 100 74 228 67 10 £5 2 00 1806 00 23 50 5 14 641 53 200 5- 200 56 11 50 2 00 875 00 2 ^ 372 64 97 Ot < 97 06 6 00 26292 7i I 350 00| 49|I20| 8942 91 1 2052 52] 4406 02 1 142 001 38 50 S4 266 Doc ST. JOSEPH TOWNSHIPS. 0) a, -M 5 o o ^ ?.2 fl s • Xi a CO o o -g CO 03 X3 o CQ CO o o S !- o t. (h O S"^ "a ^•2 00 'S ^o cS ^ o o s ,2 o a c o O to . «! o c3 d > a f^ 12; Iz; < Iz; !z; o B Q-> 73 Burr Oak, 6 1 585 493 7.2 224 $ 8W KC Colon, 6 8 527 . 474 6.2 150 862 05 Constantine, 6 2 670 576 7.4 32 1108 05 Fabius, f o 34i 25P 6.1 152 509 14 Fawn River, 5 22-i 207 6.1 125 349 55 Florence, 6 2 333 3-8 7.3 337 860 82 Flowerfleld, ( 1 394 307 6.3 252 586 06 Leonidas, S 1 465 417 7.4 350 692 22 Lockport, 4 8 801 738 8.6 1536 72 Mendon, 5 2 525 575 6.5 358 839 17 Mottville, 8 2 266 260 8.0 386 648 34 Nottawa, b 4 542 514 7.2 4M 1416 52 Park, 5 2 491 411 7 9 190 940 73 Sherman, 4 1 -.l- 190 7.3 192 382 53 Sturgls, 4 ] 538 46 8.8 45 1847 10 White Pigeon,...] 5 ' 511 457 8.0 350 1079 66 "Total, '. 16 1 ~83 1 29| 7427 1 6673] 7.3| 350| 3237 j 14521 00 1 $246 90 143 9 77 78 93 81 26 05 105 92 151 44 241 78 10 00 187 14 23 18 211 60 10 C8 75 61 49 0' 305 75 $ 153 18 459 39 903 25 401 95 396 75 423 00 90 CO 751 58 2770 00 2055 60 337 26 662 10 55 00 31 05 1104 84 83 26 Akron, Aimer, Arbela, Columbia, Denmark, . .. . Elkland Ellington, Fair Grove,. . . Fremont, Gilfjrd, Indian Fields,. Juniatta, Millingtcn, Sebewaing, ... Tuscola, Vassar, Waterloo, Watertown, . . 54 101 189 15 19 136 5t- 5e 20 22. Ill 9M 235 12C 77 35 97 192 8 53 21 95 32 50 20 164 50 2^ 22: 110 3.0 5 8 5.9 3.0 4.7 6.7 4.0 3.0 5 3.0 6.8 5.6 8 (; 6.5 7.0 63 6.0 106 75 185 172 100 Total, 18j 46| 61 1607| 1239] 4.7! 668 86 56 160 433 58 98 118 17 256 24 31 00 l»-;5 67 73 00 l.n 85 97 80 81 85 22 96 271 5) 191 45 103 00 304 It 287 87 150 00 L770 01 1 10677 20 TUSCOLA 36 16 87 00 46 •il 38 00 88 59 101 81 12 00 20 00 421 00 100 00 5" 00 21 73 75 44 84 00 39 56 20 00 16 25 198 50 103 62 188 61 245 00 144 28 206 50 876 88 95 00 4 50 37 00 9721 2747 51 j 513 96 851 74 VAN BUREN Almena, Antwerp, Ai'lingtou , Bangor, Bloomingdale, . Columbia, Decatur, Deerfield, Geneva, Hamilton, Hartford, Keeler, Lafayette, Lawrence, Pine Grove,.... Porter, South Haven,.. Waverly, "Total, ..TT... 181 86| 3 3 337 281 7.S 412 b 1 551 491 7.8 561 6 ■ 28: 245 5.4 429 4 ] 2;i 164 4.S 271 1 20-- 21C 5.6 334 4 1 19 154 4.4 128 t 1 43'. 33: 7 1 278 I 67 5& ''A 186 c 6f 67 5.0 190 5 279 217 H.e 557 f 2 35: 21f 6 478 7 1 334 295 6.7 103 5 2 6S2 611 8.2 868 5 S 407 33( 6.' 33- 5 17: 13!- 6.3 174 8 395 117 36f 91 6.0 6.7 404 4 4 298 245 6.4 518 241 53441 45171 6.11 18301 389C| 419 46 566 39 293 73 231 50 224 (9 24! 14 400 83 185 98 116 57 385 58 804 76 395 99 1010 99 541 07 237 40 447 90 378 26 638r73| 105 63 670 IS 665 44 27 60 128 00 9 06 603 38 205 CO 11 00 62 50 71 26 198 50 663 06 206 00 432 00 162 19 183 35 182 50 '2199 32|~4536 65 145 59 435 89 90 52 54 85 2S 33 66 244 28 14 75 71 07 1.53 20 139 50 230 81 114 41 193 13 55 63 140 55 No. 7. 26t COUNTY. 02 a; as 1 rn a DC Si o eS a; CO 0; '5 o o X "i 3§ 4 o (-. =2 w .a > o K c4 S "3 & to s (-5 _2 .as O o tS C2 fe; v< %-> V-i s Q. tw III !>■ •^ o 02 rr^ ■a m o o o c- "3 > "S c o 1^ > 'S a 1—1 ."3 rt d o s a 'S '3 t> > ^2; ;2i H « 543 59| 603 98| 21c0 49| 282 34] 602 00 1016 13 430 65 283 88 29rt 25 210 20 760 63 132 75 146 00 376 04 481 45 645 11 1706 89 659 70 276 75 644 84 287 00 592 44 159 16| 245 IS 122 82 78 66 92 00 79 58 174 80 1 34 96 107 18 174 34 1 125 12 298 54 186 76 58 88 182 62 58 42 115 92 289 91 475 50 243 50 167 65 2i0 51 219 00 310 00 137 68 148 00 278 00 113 32 355 67 644 001 358 45 183 68 269 97 196 02 262 00 48 44 118 86 74 62 18 25 25 00 37 35 13 00 30 90 25 90 30 00 105 25 28 00 10 00 11 50 77 56 56 84 10 64 6 00 11 00 6 00 32 6'. 13 50 53 16 8 75 40 88 12 00 91 99 90 80 20 58 8 00 69 36 22 00 35 28 18 00 85 001 26 80 6 00 5 50 6 00 8 50 4 00 50 6 00 (■2 00 12 00 10 00 28115 001 137 00 1 60 1 144 1 9648 71] 2294 94 1 4862 86] 448 £01625 63|177 00| 60 50 268 Doc. WASHTENAW TOWNSHIPS. ^ ■♦^ w a t- c rJ O Zi ^ >. m "S CO o o U4 •-. a ■r^-^ "3 o " CO c c3 O 12; % &H _ o ^.2 •>:> a w > o IE d ■3 Oi CO '^ fl'C i M en S >2 t- a ^2 o "■ t. cc t. o o ^ a o ^ iz; Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor City,. Augusta, Bridge water, Dexter, Freetlom, Lima, Lodi, Lyndon, Manchester, Nortbfield, Pittsfield, Salem, Saline, Scio, Sharon, Superior, Sylvan, Webster, York, Ypsilanti, Ypsilanti City,... 5 1 464 1 1406 6 2 362 5 4 439 6 2 364 7 f; 562 5 o 325 6 ] 366 4 3 360 8 £65 5 3 391 3 385 5 1 295 6 4 586 5 7 798 9 347 8 i) 524 5 o 648 5 o 280 4 3 460 5 S 424 1 1300 346 1307 266 374 286 336 268 281 333 433 346 333 276 511 658 334 327 454 264 440 377 1132 8.9 10. 6.7 6.6 7.2 6.0 7.8 7.5 6.3 7.0 7.6 7.6 8.0 6.9 7.5 6.1 S.l 7.4 6.9 $.0 8.0 10.0 330 591 376 62S 650 472 538 300 362 362 302 245 211 363 219 31'i 432 100 S1210 00 2800 12 452 25 826 38 711 99 813 16 648 38 883 49 S16 90 1008 21 780 98 1U8 16 786 19 1154 38 1761 .34 743 48 919 97 697 53 566 86 902 31 938 53 2020 00 $ 68 55 1201 56 151 14 87 91 24 80 103 93 88 68 71 37 78 58 266 03 101 57 45 05 20 90 284 99 538 16 89 28 21 17 385 1» 77 15 96 14 134 61 $ 358 00 8363 75 159 38 115 00 126 00 253 06 222 72 90 80 18 00 275 14 211 46 801 00 26 00 538 97 iCeo 00 185 92 195 16 1773 12 68 60 714 88 78 60 8800 00 Total, 22 1 112 1 52 1 115411 9682| 7.6| 3602| 3608 1 21980 61 1 3940 63 1 34375 45 WAYNE Brownstown, . . Canton, Dearborn, Detroit, Ecorse, Greenfield , Grosse Pointe,. Hamtramck, .. Huron, Livonia, Monguagon, . . . Nankin , Plymouth, . . . . Bedford, Romulus , Springwells,... Sumpter, Taylor, Van Buren , 6 508 370 8.2 710 5 4 557 456 8.3 296 1 1 688 464 6.6 334 1 14159 4G29 11.0 7 776 419 7.4 400 10 1 788 572 7 6 677 6 1 723 376 7 3 522 6 1 576 378 7.3 741 4 213 149 8.6 114 7 1 510 411 7.7 859 3 1 415 279 8.0 285 6 8 820 646 7.0 47f 6 o 987 763 8 1061 10 626 449 ( . 1 597 5 2 434 332 6 3 482 4 1 520 194 6.2 400 2 3 261 167 6.6 463 3 261 173 5.6 223 6 2 520 446 7.7 000 S 496 71 894 58 728 09 6127 24 796 06 1429 63 1032 61 iS52y78 203 95 586 78 543 35 825 10 1449 24 1108 51 458 20 631 46 215 51 296 89 672 10 17 66 134 97 285 79 66 72 28 56 311 07 350 27 825 50 150 98 43 95 44 40 26 85 175 26 $ 145 50 163 65 377 00 42416 00 763 44 918 28 182 54 654 00 119 95 444 98 511 51 194 00 421 48 191 15 193 25 858 48 74 26 179 23 99 52 Total, 19 1 103 1 29 1 24302 1 11673 1 7.6| 5196 1 3347 1 19848 89 1 2481 98 48436 21 No. 7. 369 COUNTY. __^ , _ ce ;-< be -J. CO p ^ a k< ^H c; a ce jC £ 'C ^ *3 CO ^ ^ ri p- "0^ 3 ■0 c Si ^ 3 ^ CO > H j3 it si _2 a s s !2 & CD !_ c 9 'A CO 'E' ct — ' ^ — > ^ 5 ^ > c 9 2 3* c- 75 'S 5 c — . "is ■5 6 ^ ^ 2 'd ■~ > > Iz fe H cS < < C5 cI $6950 00 $ 5 00 4 Q S1245 50 % 212 98 S 870 83 % 25 00 S22 90 % % 6 00 52000 00 500 00 8 11 5741 29 677 12 2123 00 72 ^-.2 2355 CO , 25 00 4 10 669 62 174 34 336 10 20 53 19 00 2400 00 ' 3^- 00 7 9 800 CO 208 38 668 00 25 00 22 50 "12 7 50 1600 00 15 00 7 9 700 78 168 36 474 CO 30 00 18 07 8 00 1125 i'O 7 8 777 00 267 71 ■ 497 00 28 64 8191 00 6 CO 5 11 718 65 156 40 617 28 16 77 5 00 1990 00 6 00 5 . 7 712 "00 178 02 893 04 19 11 16 5C 5 00 2045 00 20 50 4 9 364 25 159 16 820 oe 17 08 1714 CO 4 00 S 11 1181 65 246 5 246 54 25 00 22 36 15 00 8 50 1480 00 8 00 8 7 932 00 205 67 646 00 35 00 53S5 00 39 25 7 9 987 38 179 40 920 00 19 24 10 00 24 00 2125 00 c ( 722 12 143 98 800 00 10 90. 10 00 6 00 3995 00 80 00 6 15 1401 25 266 34 938 38 28 5S 28 00 11965 00 26 00 8 17 2538 00 359 26 538 00 25 00 40 50 19 00 1 00 2900 00 12 50 6 10 709 25 150 88 625 60 25 00 16 23 10 00 4 00 21S0 00 9 00 5 15 911 08 230 46 S44 95 24 00 16 00 9 00 2350 00 5 00 6 10 939 00 246 10 579 00 287 48 26 41 2120 00 20 00 5 8 694 25 133 40 700 21 14 34 3249 50 7 0.: 6 8 981 10 204 70 791 74 21 96 15 50 6 00 390e 00 IS 94G 50 197 80 922 05 22 34 13 00 50000 00 1000 00 S IS 6500 00 471 9C 1500 00 156059 aO] 18^4 25|131j231| 31273 17| 523S 99| I6S0I 72| 477 481485 08|192 00| 82 00 COUNTY. 2325 00 3 11 524 50 243 80 244 13 25 00 14 00 5 00 3560 00 1 00 8 10 1012 50 263 58 631 62 6 60 14 50 5 00 3400 00 5 00 6 10 967 34 270 02 550 90 6 78 19 00 130000 00 500 00 12 eo 25000 00 6075 68 151 89 1795 00 7 6 1307 50 328 44 460 05 25 00 10 00 3745 00 56 00 11 1; 1650 S9 370 30 982 84 25 00 9 27 27 00 11 00 2505 00 5 5 1080 00 367 58 990 68 8 04 12 00 5 00 2850 00 72 00 g 5 1103 00 268 64 1154 00 50 00 6 73 18 00 3 00 350 00 5 00 2 3 296 00 92 92 96 00 2310 50 5 00 7 9 953 07 218 04 439 13 5 47 750 00 50 00 3 4 774 88 192 28 361 74 .4 82 2 00 3005 CO 20 00 6 13 1128 65 345 00 514 87 8 64 25 00 8 60 6351' 00 100 00 e 17 2463 33 424 12 978 12 59 41 31 50 5 50 3345 00 23 00 7 12 1276 75 284 44 603 14 7 OS 1250 00 5 00 4 10 410 76 201 94 256 94 6 06 2Q 00 10 00 840 00 12 00 2 2 652 00 214 S6 548 68 9 rs 1100 00 5 6 2^=i2 2r 109 02 140 29 2 75 8 00 5 00 ■795 15 2 50 '2 7 359 75 110 8e 154 00 2 SO 9 50 4 50 1675 00 ,. 20 00 5 10 . 754 00 ■?35 52 500 00 ' 12 60 10 00 9 00 171150 65 8r6 50 103 212 51958 26 10614 54 9607 13 100 00 307 62 241 50 81 50 210 Doc. ABSTRACT OF SCHOOL mSFECTOR'S REPORTS COUNTIES. Oi — ,^j ^ "^ — ^ *^ i cc _^ fl Ol s cc §^ 3 tc ^ -c l>. ^ -- s 03 cc . i o o o — cc c o ;2 O 03 L, e S'* > ^ S-L "3 i:3 So rt « > O o o o •^ s 3 o O M :3 ~ ^ ci 3 ^ O o >. O z; •z ^ :2: ^ -=:3 ??: "ir, -Allegan , Alpena, Barry, Bay, Berrien, Branch, Calhoun , Cass, Cheboygan , Chippewa, Clinton, Eaton, Genesee, Grand Traverse,. Gratiot, Hillsdale, Houghton, Huron, Ingham , Ionia, Isabella, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Kent, Lapeer, Leelanaw, Lenawee , Livingston, Mackinac, Macomb , Manistee, Manitou, Marquette, Mason , Mecosta, Midland, Monroe, Montcalm, Muskegon, Newaygo, Oakland, Oceana, Ontonagon, Ottawa, Saginaw, Sanilac, Shiawassee, St. Qair, St. Joseph, Tuscola, Van Buren,. "Washtenaw, Wayno, 23 114 11 5190 1 1 73 16 93 23 4980 4 6 730 20 101 23 7675 16 94 33 7087 22 109 49 9456 13 91 15 6121 2 3 110 1 1 435 16 92 22 4896 15 103 26 5853 19 102 45 7879 5 11 400 15 45 11 1458 18 131 34 9222 5 9 1417 4 7 319 17 92 35 6394 16 94 25 6063 3 6 3 194 20 116 40 8665 16 95 31 8010 24 136 42 10166 16 68 28 5093 2 4 250 21 143 51 13383 15 93 33 6203 3 4 473 14 77 33 8256 2 5 155 1 2 355 1 2 312 1 1 31 2 4 1 128 3 4 1 257 15 88 23 7843 11 35 4 1257 7 19 3 807 9 20 3 829 25 152 69 13101 4 9 189 4 3 1 792 14 62 11 3908 20 58 9 3972 13 45 5 2423 17 78 21 4743 23 110 14 9129 16 83 29 7427 18 46 6 1607 18 86 24 5344 22 113 52 11541 19 103 29 24302 4222 31 4016 505 6060 6400 8135 5024 97 81 3967 5288 6746 213 1034 7984 659 180 5784 5281 151 7880 6857 8177 3978 131 10319 5862 276 6226 121 65 ISO 22 119 186 5463 1032 686 710 11387 110 544 3023 2525 1664 3802 6337 §673 1239 4517 9682 11673 5.6 3.0 6.1 6.4 5.8 6.0 7.3 7.4 5.5 10.0 5.5 5.9 6.5 4.3 4.2 7.2 7.3 '4.1 6.7 6.4 4.5 7.1 6.5 6.8 6.3 6 3 7.3 6 6 4.3 7.1 5.3 6.5 8.0 3.0 5 5 6.4 7.1 4.9 4.9 5.2 7.2 4.5 8.8 6.3 5.4 4.8 6.0 6 3 7.3 4.6 6.1 7.6 7.6 1898 2614 1501 2841 147 4 2661 2918 424 4008 1439 5501 1700 3794 190 237 500 2481 2023 2878 722 3672 54 105 33 603 785 4500 166 24 21 195 1113 2680 2134 1098 33 4196 325 3478 3552 2033 669 1732 182 4143 6977 1601 2378 406 821 2710 156 280 154 674 25 90 374 3532 2296 426 589 578 145 210 146 3186 7368 14 82 560 1827 1233 1280 1516 805 875 595 2098 2393 2647 350 3237 668 972 1830 3890 3602 3508 5196 3347 S7171 35 19 32 5052 57 1440 94 11731 90 10622 17 15011 60 9000 54 478 82 471 87 6164 71 8825 94 10544 64 347 27 1473 40 14385 30 2580 97 285 98 8913 28 7745 98 330 98 15451 32 12392 58 16990 64 5849 73 24527 47 8650 15 550 08 13065 98 482 11 151 14 1808 04 210 30 1051 23 10533 04 1787 14 1382 25 1376 60 25111 99 134 28 2775 30 5188 50 5391 09 2619 64 6091 10 10459 86 14521 00 2747 51 &381 73 21980 61 19848 89 Total *. I 647| 3169| 918| 246802| 193107 1 6.2 1 56769 1 100291 '$352847 83 *The result is here not exactly as stated in the body of the report, in consequence of amendments in the reports received since the Superintendent's Report was in print. No. 7. 271 FOR THE YEAR 1860, BY COUNTIES. ^ 1^ § ^ ei u ki >. .Q $1710 10 17 50 1811 06 :;o79 74 2192 44 3697 90 2298 84 1083 30 14* 5 05 1677 S 98 50 477 41 4198 65 135 75 1707 24 2360 30 81 51 3000 41 2772 88 1980 42 1005 75 100 00 3565 46 2420 58 140 00 1282 IS 9 00 40 89 73 12 22 75 57 64 30 00 777 37 491 75 200 73 482 45 3169 51 137 83 625 38 456 25 536 V:9 1223 83 3657 86 1770 01 513 96 2199 32 3940 63 2461 9S •<< CD w. > CQ t^ OQ O f-i ,a o .a c3 o o rt H ^ 4) a S Sr tJ -3 o ta « c3 c3 C 3 & O^ o O Is Iz; $ 5126 85 4178 17 27fi T 6597 45 4614 7 105o4 33 7347 90 32 00 250 GO 2651 34 2793 74 124TS 86 248 30 737 fi'l 6923 76 5123 40 (094 63 4520 9;i S547 43 38-! 50 S470 37 13966 58 18233 1] 1945 69 250 00 21043 61 2012 58 415 59 7022 45 702 42 16 37 1347 00 103 03 833 87 183 00 SST'O 991 918 72 1622 41 1101 87 8434 77 308 61 2873 57 4718 08 5247 95 2026 VI 6592 35 8395 40 10677 20 2851 74 4 536 65 24376 45 48436 21 $ 24416 76 26522 00 307.1 Of ?ihb>i'.i ■-■ 40001 0: 63430 51 29392 40 200 OC 500 0( 168 b3 2: 31245 5': 55887 00 1345 Qt' 4868 or 46464 00 4075 00 230 00 38230 to 350 ; 7 00 956 00 64930 97 56 -.12 25 51877 50 11625 79 550 OO 111380 00 26079 75 1200 (!0 37812 00 1356 00 700 00 9100 00 100 OC 1860 00 1175 OC 35451 00 5224 00 3536 00 3967 00 67880 25 605 00 4200 00 17398 OC 13976 Oi 7984 50 26292 75 43958 60 59598 74 11271 00] 28115 00 156059 50 171150 65 $ 144 25 303 60 71 00 o;i OC 3>-;7 Oi 1346 50 409 25 70 OO 186 OO 425 00 516 ?.0 5 00 11 00 6!5 50 20 00 41 50 421 50 185 00 12 00 899 5(. 288 00 521 75 109 00 6 9 OS 238 5C 5 OC 413 50 75 00 15 00 39 OC 349 .'0 44 00 5 00 92 75 514 00 6 00 160 00 303 00 167 00 145 350 00 365 50 591 75 10.' 00 137 00 1824 25 876 50 61 6: 4 8 8c 111 87 i 14 60 8:-'- 131 11 12? 93 108 46 O 140 100 1 r, 64 12 5 IS 18^ 1 3 40 25 22 4G 56 86 12 60 131 103 bo 15i $ 9492 56 $2219 96 1 60 00 16] 8523 84 218i 24 ^ 1516 25 315 10 IP-. 15133 2i 3353 86 183 13762 86 3216 32 2 4 21802 25 4428 50 i-:s 12412 13 2730 10 379 25 54 28 1 269 50 205 16 131 7935 85 2190 06 IS-- 11601 36 2685 94 208 15329 60 3476 68 565 34 124 20 49 20c0 95 540 04 2.5 17649 8. 4112 86 2 2393 OC 397 90 •; 425 26 126 04 169 11335 8i 2842 34 151 1078- 15 2768 74 n 572 50 27 60 507 19158 4£ 3898 SO 185 15.89 6£ 3427 00 245 22461 3S 4412 32 106 59.17 73 2222 26 ] 682 00 123 74 297 29550 27 5928 48 146 11261 59 2842 02 1 695 00 258 52 ftA 144 14256 61 3807 42 3 566 00 50 14 •2 182 00 89 24 4 1011 00 105 09 1 22 75 5 236 50 34 50 8 835 3. 109 48 142 12480 45 3594 90 46 1936 90 509 68 27 1834 96 332 12 27 1S99 36 331 66 278 27954 55 6040 72 9 291 91 120 52 5 2248 67 sag 36 77 6995 50 1666 58 75 6298 48 1482 42 47 3511 71 907 84 12e 8942 91 2052 52 158 14021 98 4044 51 152 17640 55 3-.57 72 61 2543 5P f03 98 144 9648 71 2-94 94 • 23 1 31273 17 52c8 V9 212 51968 26 10614 54 67484 87| 292924 47| lolt869 34| 14787 6y| 258d| 6336| 468a«8 5(:| 1088.3 62 £72 Dog. No. T. ABSTRACT OF REPORTS— Continued. COUNTIES. ■A o H o o s < 1 3 O < Received from Fines, &c., for Library. o • o m a . i o u a m o o o o ■3 raid Inspectors for Visiting Schools. Alicji'aii, S 5908 73 19 32 3114 15 1818 60 8S23 81 7745 82 11587 23 6499 80 174 53 286 44 4366 50 4S91 41 7305 62 712 06 1579 07 9192 07 1745 95 211 S3 5513 09 5596 03 898 21 11799 54 9620 60 11898 44 3819 37 71 36 19560 93 6086 22 362 41 8864 30 440 14 56 79 , 1709 86 225 91 622 19 1324 52 6651 68 1614 90 1169 10 1545 67 8606 62 955 92 2575 82 8680 66 4864 93 2058 40 4406 02 7139 70 9403 74 2160 49 4862 86 16851 72 9607 13 $ 210 00 116 00 175 00 95 20 5 00 25 00 117 30 124 30 389 97 65 01 253 80 130 00 15 00 25 00 169 29 427 68 81 00 142 11 85 00 200 00 115 12 50 00 140 00 399 03 100 00 25 00 150 00 25 00 100 00 118 88 400 00 130 00 215 00 282 34 448 66 474 48 100 00 $ 167 13 452 50 402 82 731 04 85 22 196 65 75 77 1 54 73 87 121 15 568 63 25 00 20 eo 268 67 17 40 1273 25 58 27 32 28 47 00 143 86 178 95 625 53 485 08 807 62 114 101 12 115 117 110 81 9 g 97 95 90 5 59 89 8 105 110 10 124 100 187 71 4 126 90 6 89 4 2 2 1 5 12 57 44 24 37 151 18 8 67 95 89 79 143 91 66 126 151 119 $ 177 50 187 90 29 75 131 00 224 00 187 50 119 50 14 00 30 00 132 75 162 50 170 50 110 00 212 50 4 50 150 00 186 25 9 00 241 00 212 50 226 75 145 00 1 00 275 50 110 00 29 00 141 50 6 00 2 00 14 00 80 00 85 50 113 12 53 50 27 00 219 26 7 50 119 25 135 75 86 00 142 00 160 75 145 00 85 00 177 00 192 00 241 50 $ 57 00 BaTy 74 00 Bav , 15 50 BerriPU 57 50 Branch , 93 00 Calhotfn , 106 00 Cass , 60 50 Chebo vf^'an , . 1 50 Chippewa Clinton , 37 00 Eaton 76 50 Genesee, 67 50 Grand Traverse, Gratiot, , 22 00 Hillsdale, 121 00 Houghton Huron 2 00 Tnahnm , 88 25 Ionia . 69 50 Isabella 2 00 Jackson , 149 00 Kalamazoo, Kent, 48 75 86 00 Lapeer , 68 60 Leelanaw Lenawee, 129 00 ^ Li vi n ffston , 44 50 " Mackinac , 5 00 Macomb , 59 00 Manistee, Manitou, 5 00 Marquette, Mason, 50 Mecosta, Midland, 8 00 Monroe 41 50 Montcalm, 31 50 Muskegon 3 00 Newavgo, 10 00 Oakland, 90 00 Oceana, Ontonagon , Ottawa 39 00 Sag'inaw, 44 50 Sanilac, 16 00 Shiawassee 38 50 St. Clair, St. Joseph, Tuscola, Van Buren, 58 50 108 60 26 50 60 50 "Washtenaw 82 00 Wayne, 81 50 Total, 1 $262,130 80 1 $5,985 17 1 $6,358 22 1 3414 1 $5,680 52 $2,286 10