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IIITERITATIOKAL IIT£TITUTE OP AGRICULTUHE 
 
 • • • 
 
 Lej 
 
 MISCELLiilTEOUS PUBLICiiTIOHR 
 
 Volume 1 
 Ml 
 
. ; 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 1. Statement concerning the institute. 
 
 ! 
 
 2. Letter to ivlr. Perkins relative to the institute. 1909. 
 5. The Institute and cooperative banking. 1909. 
 
 4. Resolution passed by the national grange. 1910. £ copies 
 
 5. Price Fluctuations in the staples: their influence on 
 
 the v/elfare of the state. 1910. £ copies. 
 
 6. Its Labors in behalf of economic betterment. 1910. 
 
 7. General introduction to the bulletins of the bureau of 
 
 agricultural intelligence and of diseases of plants. 
 1910. 
 
 8. Report of the delegation of the U.S. to the general 
 
 assembly of the institute. 1911. 
 
 9. Message from the president of the U.B. concerning 
 
 creation of institute. 1906. 
 
 10. Its influence on economic welfare. 1911. 
 
 ll.Raiffeisen System of rural cooperative credit, its 
 adaptation and adoption in the U.8. 1912. 
 
 12.L'Activite de lUnstitut. 191£. 
 
 IS.Le Present et I'Avenir de l*Institut. 1912. 
 
 14. Su Importancia para la America Latina, en especial 
 para Chile . 1913 . 
 
 If. .Message from the president of the U.S. concerning 
 the general assembly of the institute. 1913. 
 
 16. Board of Agriculture and fisheries. The Institute- 
 Its objects and its publications. 1913. 
 
 17. The Landschaft. Co-operative rural credit. 1913. 
 
 16. Pamphlet concerning the institute. 1913. 
 
 I 
 19. The Way out of the rut. 191.^. 2 copies. 
 
Digitized by the Internet Archive 
 
 in 2011 with funding from 
 
 Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries 
 
 http://www.archive.org/details/internationalins01unit 
 
TABLK OF COIITEITTS (cont.) 
 
 20. Concerning the international year "booi: of 
 
 agricultural statistics, 1913, 1^14. 
 
 21. Steadying the world's prices of the staples. 1914. 
 
 22. Proposal for an international conference on the 
 
 regulation and control of ocean carriage by means 
 of an international commerce coniniiesion. ...... 
 
 £1^. Concerning the fourth volume of the International 
 year-book of agricultural legislation. 191f,. 
 
 24. Letter to Senator Hiram W. Johnson on the work of 
 
 the institute. 1918. 
 
 25. Our foreign trade after the war. 1918. 
 26. 
 
(3. o c» 
 
 T 
 
 1st Session 
 
 59th Congress, \ CONFIDENTIAL. ( Execdtivb 
 
 m 'i-'i ^306 «»'W. Wade emc. ij:brjs.ry «r tw 
 
 INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICUCSW^^B. 1914 
 
 MESSAGE 
 
 FROM THE ! 
 
 PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, 
 
 TRAKSMITTING 
 
 A CONVENTION SIGNED AT HOME ON JUNE 7, 1906, BY THE DELE- 
 GATES OF THE VABIOXTS POWEHS FOR THE CREATION OF AN 
 INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGBIOUIiTURE. HAVING ITS 
 SEAT AT ROME. 
 
 June 26, 1906. — Read ; convention read the first time and referred to the Ck)m- 
 mittee on Foreign Relations and, together with the message, ordered to be 
 printed in confidence for the use of the Senate. 
 
 I'o the Senate: 
 
 I transmit, for the advice and consent of the Senate to its ratification, 
 a convention signed at Eome on June 7, 1905, by the delegates of the 
 various powers for the creation of an international institute of agri- 
 culture, having its seat at Eome. 
 
 Theodore Eoosevelt. 
 
 The White House, June 26, 1906. 
 
 The Peesidext : 
 
 The undersigned Secretary of State has the honor to lay before the 
 President, with a view to receiving the advice and consent of the Sen- 
 ate to its ratification, an authenticated copy of the convention for the 
 creation of an international institute of agriculture, having its seat at 
 Eome, which was signed by the plenipotentiaries of forty governments, 
 and on the part of the United States by Mr. Henry White, the Amer- 
 ican ambassador at Eome, subject to the advice and consent of the 
 Senate to its ratification and legislation by Congress to give it effect. 
 
 Eespectfully submitted. 
 
 Elihu Eoot. 
 
 Department of State, 
 
 Washington, June 25, 1906. 
 
I INTEEXATIONxVL INSTITUTE OF AGEICULTITRE. 
 
 1 In a series of meetings held at Rome, from May 29 to June 6, 
 
 2 1905, the delegates of the Powers convened at the Conference for 
 
 3 the creation of an International Institute of Agriculture, having 
 
 4 agreed upon the text of a Convention to be dated June 7, 1905, 
 
 5 and this text having been submitted for approval to the Govern- 
 G ments which took part in the said conference, the undersigned, 
 
 7 having been furnished with full powers found in good and due 
 
 8 ■ form, have agreed, in the names of their respective Governments, 
 
 9 on what follows : 
 
 10 Article 1. 
 
 II There is hereb}^ created a permanent international institute of 
 
 12 agriculture, having its seat at Eome. 
 
 13 Article 2. 
 
 14 The international institute of agriculture is to be a government 
 
 15 institution, in which each adliering power shall be represented 
 
 16 by delegates of its choice. 
 
 17 The institute shall be composed of a general assembly and a 
 
 18 permanent committee, the composition and duties of which are 
 
 19 defined in the ensuing articles. 
 
 20 Article 3. 
 
 21 The general assembly of the institute shall be composed of the 
 
 22 representatives of the adhering governments. Each nation, what- 
 33 ever be the number of its delegates, shall be entitled to a number 
 
 24 of votes in the assembly which shall be determined according to 
 
 25 the group to which it belongs, and to which reference will be 
 
 26 made in article 10. 
 
 27 Article 4. 
 
 28 The general assembly shall elect for each session from among 
 
 29 its members a president and two vice-presidents. 
 
 30 The sessions shall take place on dates fixed by the last general' 
 
 31 assembly and according to a programme proposed by the perma- 
 
 32 nent committee and adopted by the adhering governments. 
 
international institute of ageicultuke. 3 
 
 1. Article 5. 
 
 2 The general assembly shall exercise supreme control over the 
 
 3 Internationa] institute of agriculture. 
 
 4 It shall approve the projects prepared by the permanent com- 
 
 5 mittee regarding the organization and internal workings of the 
 
 6 institute. It shall fix the total amount of expenditures and audit 
 
 7 and approve the accounts. 
 
 8 It shall submit to the approval of the adhering governments 
 
 9 modifications of any nature involving an increase in expenditure 
 
 10 or an enlargement of the functions of the institute. It shall set 
 
 11 the date for holding the sessions. It shall prepare its regulations. 
 
 12 The presence at the general assemblies of delegates represent- 
 
 13 ing two-thirds of the adhering nations shall be required in order 
 
 14 to render the deliberations valid. 
 
 lo Article 6. 
 
 16 The executive power of the institute is intrusted to the pe;-- 
 
 17 manent committee, -^vhich, under the direction and control of the 
 
 18 general assembl}^, shall carry out the decisions of the latter and 
 
 19 prepare propositions to submit to it. 
 
 20 Article 7. 
 
 21 The permanent committee shall be composed of members desig- 
 
 22 nated by the respective governments. Each adhering nation 
 
 23 shall be represented in the permanent committee by one memlDer. 
 
 24 However, the representation of one nation may be intrusted to a 
 2.5 delegate of another adhering nation, provided that the actual 
 
 26 number of members shall not be less than fifteen. 
 
 27 The conditions of voting in the permanent committee shall be 
 
 28 the same as those indicated in article 3 for the general assemblies. 
 
 29 Article 8. 
 
 30 The permanent committee shall elect from among its members 
 
 31 for a period of three years a president and a vice-president, 
 
 32 who may be reelected. It shall prepare its internal regulations, 
 
 33 vote the budget of the institute within the limits of the funds 
 
 34 placed at its disposal by the general assembly, and appoint and 
 
 35 remove the officials and employees of its office. 
 
 36 The general secretary of the permanent committee shall act 
 
 37 as secretary of the assembly. 
 
4 inteknational institute of ageicultuke. 
 
 1 Aktiole 9. 
 
 2 The institute, confining its operations within an international 
 
 3 sphere, shall — 
 
 4 (a) Collect, study, and publish as promptl}^ as possible statis- 
 
 5 tical, technical, or economic information concerning farming, 
 
 6 both vegetable and animal products, the commerce in agricul- 
 
 7 tural products, and the prices prevailing in the various markets; 
 
 8 (b) Communicate to parties interested, also as promptl}^ as 
 
 9 possible, all the information just referred to ; 
 
 10 (c) Indicate the wages paid for farm work; 
 
 11 (d) Make known the new diseases of vegetables which may appear 
 
 12 in an}^ part of the world, showing the territories infected, the prog- 
 
 13 ress of the disease, and, if possible, the remedies which are effective 
 
 14 in combating them. 
 
 15 (e) Study questions concerning agricultural cooperation, insur- 
 
 16 ance, and credit in all their aspects; collect and publish informa- 
 
 17 tion which might be useful in the various countries in the organi- 
 
 18 zation of works connected with agricultural cooperation, insur- 
 
 19 ance, and credit; 
 
 20 (f ) Submit to the approval of the governments, if there is occa- 
 
 21 sion for it, measures for the protection of the common interests of 
 
 22 farmers and for the improvement of their condition, after having 
 
 23 utilized all the necessary sources of information, such as the wishes 
 
 24 expressed by international or other agricultural congresses or con- 
 
 25 gresses of sciences applied to agriculture, agricultural societies, 
 
 26 academies, learned bodies, etc. 
 
 27 All questions concerning the economic interests, the legislation, 
 
 28 and the administration of a particular nation shall be excluded 
 
 29 from the consideration of the institute. 
 
 30 Article 10. 
 
 31 The nations adhering to the institute shall be classed in five 
 
 32 groups, according to the place Avhich each of them thinks it ought 
 
 33 to occupy. 
 
INTEENATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 5 
 
 1 The number of votes which each nation shall have and the 
 
 2 number of units of assessment shall be established according to 
 
 3 the following gradations: 
 
 Groups of nations. 
 
 Numbers i Units of 
 of votes, assessment. 
 
 I . 
 
 5 
 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 16 
 
 II 
 
 8 
 
 Ill . . 
 
 4 
 
 IV 
 
 
 V 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 In any event the contribution due per unit of assessment shall 
 never exceed a maximum of 2,500 francs. 
 
 As a temporary provision the assessment for the first two years 
 shall not exceed 1,500 francs per unit. 
 
 Colonies may, at the request of the nations to which they belong, 
 be admitted to form part of the institute on the same conditions as 
 
 10 the independent nations. 
 
 11 Article 11. 
 
 12 The present Convention shall be ratified and the ratifications 
 
 13 exchanged as soon as possible by depositing them Avith the Italian 
 
 14 Government. 
 
 15 In faith whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed 
 
 16 the present Convention and have hereunto affixed their seals. 
 
 17 Done at Eome the 7th of June one thousand nine hundred and 
 
 18 five, in a single original, deposited with the Ministry of Foreign 
 
 19 Affairs of Italy, of which certified copies shall be sent through the 
 
 20 diplomatic channel to the contracting States. 
 
 21 
 
 For Italy: 
 
 TiTTONI. 
 
 22 
 
 For Montenegro : 
 
 General Mitar Martinovich. 
 
 23 
 
 For Eussia : 
 
 Kroupensky. 
 
 24 
 
 For Argentine Kepnblic : 
 
 Bald.° M. Fonseca. 
 
 25 
 
 For Koiimania : 
 
 ]!^icoLAS Fleva. 
 
 26 
 
 For Senda : 
 
 M. MiLOVANOVITCH. 
 
 27 
 
 For Belgium : 
 
 L. Verhaeghe de ISTaeter. 
 
 28 
 
 For Salvador : 
 
 J. Gustavo Guerrero. 
 
 29 
 
 ■ For Portugal : 
 
 M. DE Carvalho e Vasconcel 
 
 LOS. 
 
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE. 
 
 1 
 
 For United States of Mex- 
 
 
 
 ico: 
 
 . G. A. ESTEVA, 
 
 2 
 
 For Luxemburg: 
 
 L. Verhaeghe de ISTaeyer. 
 
 3 
 
 For Switzerland : 
 
 J. B. PlODA. 
 
 4 
 
 For Persia : 
 
 ]Sr. Malcolm. 
 
 5 
 
 For Japan: 
 
 T. Ohyama. 
 
 6 
 
 For Ecuador : 
 
 J. T. Mera. 
 
 7 
 
 For Bulgaria : 
 
 D. MiNTCHOVITCH, 
 
 8 
 
 For Denmark : 
 
 Cte Moltke. 
 
 9 
 
 For Spain: 
 
 Due DE Arcos. 
 
 10 
 
 For France : 
 
 Camille Barrere. 
 
 11 
 
 For Sweden : 
 
 BiLDT. 
 
 12 
 
 For The ^"etherlands : 
 
 JONKHEER VAN DER GoES. 
 
 13 
 
 For Greece : 
 
 Christ. Mizzopoulos. 
 
 14 
 
 For Uruguay : 
 
 Jean Cuestas. 
 
 15 
 
 For Germany: 
 
 A. Monts. 
 
 16 
 
 For Cuba : 
 
 Carlos de Pedroso. 
 
 17 
 
 For Austria-Hungary : 
 
 H. LtJTZow. 
 
 IS 
 
 For ISTorway: 
 
 Carl Lovenskiold. 
 
 19 
 
 For Egypt: 
 
 Aziz Izzet. 
 
 20 
 
 For Great Britain : 
 
 Edwin H. Egerton. 
 
 21 
 
 For Guatemala : 
 
 Thomas Segarini. 
 
 22 
 
 For Ethiopia : 
 
 Giuseppi Cuboni. 
 
 23 
 
 For Nicaragua : 
 
 Jean Giordano duc de Oratino, 
 
 24 
 
 For United States of 
 
 
 
 America : 
 
 Henry White. 
 
 25 
 
 For Brazil : 
 
 Barros Moreira. 
 
 26 
 
 For Costa Rica : 
 
 Rafael Montealegre. 
 
 27 
 
 For Chile : 
 
 Victor Grez. 
 
 28 
 
 For Peru : 
 
 Andres A. Caceres. 
 
 29 
 
 For China : 
 
 HOUANG KaO. 
 
 30 
 
 For Paraguay : 
 
 F. S. Benuccl 
 
 31 
 
 For Turkey : 
 
 M. Rbchid. 
 
INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURE. 7 
 
 Washington, May 21, 1906. 
 
 Hon. Heney Cabot Lodge, {Memher Committee on Foreign Relations), 
 United States Senate, Washington. 
 
 Sir: 
 
 At your request of to-day I herewith preseut the following outline of the 
 aims and purposes of the International Institute of Agriculture. 
 
 The chief purpose of the International Institute of Agriculture is to remove 
 the ohstacles which now impede the operation of the law of supply and demand. 
 This will be accomplished by the gathering, summarizing and disseminating 
 information on the world's supply of the staples of agriculture, said informa- 
 tion to be timely, available in form, and to be composed mainly of (a) the 
 stock on hand, and (Z)) "the condition of the growing crops. 
 
 While it is admitted that timely world's summaries of the stock on 
 hand, and of the condition of the growing crops, form the basis of the world's 
 price, it must also be admitted that faulty information on this head must 
 result in unnecessary fluctuations. 
 
 Unnecessary fluctuations in the world's prices of the staples of agri- 
 culture must not alone work injuriously on the capital and labor of the 
 farm, but also work injuriously on the capital and labor of the factory, for 
 these staples are the raw material of the manufacturer. 
 
 It must be further admitted that so long as there are a considerable num- 
 ber of important agricultural nations at the present time which keep no 
 tally of the stock on hand or of the condition of their growing crops it must, 
 therefore, necessarily render the world's summary defective to a degree which 
 causes unnecessary fluctuations in the world's price. 
 
 Nor would it remedy matters were the correct world's summary obtained 
 and disseminated by any one nation ; for were such a nation an exporter its 
 statements would be controverted by the buying nation, and were it a buying 
 nation its statements would be controverted by the exporting nation. It, 
 therefore, necessarily follows that the information should be gathered and 
 disseminated by an organization representing all the nations, which would 
 then be received as authoritative by all the world. This then would do for the 
 things of exchange what gold does for the medium of exchange. It would 
 steady the price by lessening the opportunities of the fluctuations. And it is 
 this which it is proposed shall be done by the International Institute of 
 Agriculture. , 
 
 The International Institute of Agricultm'e is now an assured fact. A suf- 
 ficient number of nations have now ratified the Protocol, and this has given 
 warrant to H. M. the King of Italy for his command to begin the building 
 of the palace for the Institute, on the grounds of the Villa Borghese, and to 
 have all in readiness in the Spring of 1907. 
 
 THE IMPORTANCE OF THIS MATTER TO THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 There are several reasons why the United States should ratify the signing 
 of the Protocol. Among them are the following : 
 
 First. While the United States Government unquestionably has the most 
 perfected system of obtaining information in the United States, it must, under 
 
O INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGBI CULTURE. 
 
 present conditions, depend upon the less perfected systems of other countries 
 for an essential part of its data toward the world's summary. How faulty 
 that summary must be, especially when it is considered that many important 
 nations have no data of this kind at all, must be obvious. It is, therefore, 
 clear, that the United States, as a member of the Institute, will only then be 
 in a position to obtain the necessary data and in authoritative form. 
 
 Second. While it is clear that H. M. the King of Italy is quite anxious 
 to have the United States ratify the Protocol and become a member . of the 
 Institute, it is quite manifest to those who have observed the matter closely 
 that the great landed interests in Europe are very desirous that the United 
 States do no become a part of the Institute. With the United States absent, 
 the Institute is almost sure to become a secret organization, and as such the 
 European nations will have the advantage of obtaining the information freely 
 furnished by the United States, and this, together with the information gath- 
 ered by the Institute, would give to the European nations every advantage 
 over the United States. 
 
 Your high official standing in the Government of the United States gives 
 you the position to place the ratification of the Protocol in the avenues of 
 efficient action, and I feel no hesitancy in believing that in calling this matter 
 to your attention it will find speedy action, and of that character which will 
 dispose of it in the highest interests of the United States. 
 
 In conclusion, permit me to observe that if the Protocol is to be ratified 
 at all, the time to do so is during this session, so that when the Institute 
 opens its doors the United States may be represented right from the start, 
 in order that it may be able to help shape matters so as to properly place the 
 United States on that working footing which its exalted position among the 
 First Powers will give it the right to hold in the deliberations and actions of 
 the Institute, and which would be the easier to obtain and hold when adhering 
 to the Institute during the pioneer period. 
 
 Respectfully submitted. 
 
 DAVID LUBIN. 
 
 [The Protocol was ratified b}^ the United States Senate June 27, 
 1906.]