UMASS/AMHERST ^1 1 1 ;[!!!' li i ii li i; ., ,: . .. , .. .. iiiiiii 1 31E0t.bDDSDbbEE4 1 LIBRARY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE No.-OyLO^UuL dateL: _^_-''-ii SouHCE_.vi..-_^:i_.. .CLO - Ivo HATE DUE CAf^o ^ YdiUv-^vaXxJCn^vCoL VJX.^\y^uDjL'\J j'CXJ-L.'-v^^ V-vw^^^Xsl-vwL/vvXJ^ v. Zj ^■bo. t,^ 1 ymmii 3J>J 4 ■y i P w 1 ... i i pv[TI^ODXJCTIO]SL CONSERVATION is a present day necessity. Nowhere is con- servation more urgently needed than in the care and handhng of Ijarn-yard manure. Conservation of barn-yard manure does not consist of merely hauling and spreading this valuable by-product on the soil, but in making it return its full value in the form of bounteous harvests. Full value, however, will be returned only when fertilizer is dis- tributed evenly and in proper quantities. This cannot be done with a fork. Besides, the fork method is slow, disagreeable, and tedious. A more effective way is demanded. The Corn King manure spreader answers this demand. Thousands of farmers are using the Corn King daily and recommend it in the highest terms. This catalogue describes and illustrates the various sizes in which the Corn King is made and the constructive features which have made the Corn King a farm fav'orite. International Harvester Company of America ( Incorporated) CHICAGO USA Intensive Farming IT is a mistake to believe that a large acreage improperly fertilized and badly tilled will re- turn a satisfactory dividend. Tlie man who really gets a satisfactory return for his labor is the one who keeps ever>' acre of his farm properly fertilized. One hundred acres properly tilled and fertilized will produce better results than twice that number cared for in a haphazard way. Tlie farms that are the most productive are those on which intensive farming is prac- ticed. Intensive farming does not mean experimental farming. It merely means handling the soil in such a manner that it will produce maximum results — loo per cent returns. One hundred per cent returns cannot be produced by crop rotation or perfect cultiva- tion alone. Plant food must be returned to the soil, otherwise in a few short years a large propor- tion of the humus will be exhausted and the soil will become practically worthless. Nature has provided a way for retaining the necessary plant food in the form of barn- yard manure. Barn-yard manure is the one perfect fertilizer — the one compound that growing plants demand. To Fertilize the Soil is a Duty It is the duty of every man who tills the soil to keep his farm properly fertilized. If he fails to do this, he is a soil-robber — an agricultural parasite. Such a man, by robbing the soil of the elements essential to the life of growing plants, is not only doing himself an injury, but the world an injustice — injury to himself because he is not making his farm produce the dividends it should — injustice to the world because he is depriving it of a bumper harvest which it rightly demands. The man who crops the soil year after year and sells its products, can return little or no plant food unless it be in the form of commercial fertilizers. Commercial fertilizers serve their purpose, but i)arn-yard manure is nature's own plant food. It contains all the necessary elements to produce bumper crops, and is the means that German farmers have used for the past two centuries to maintain the high producing standard of their farms. Conditions are not everywhere the same. On the average farm, fertilizer is not produced in sufficient quantities to permit waste- ful practices in handling. Progressive farmers are alive to the fact that hand spreading is a wasteful practice, and that one machine necessary to complete their equipment is a manure spreader. The manure spreader is really the best dividend payer on the farm because it makes one load of manure cover twice as much ground as it would cover if spread by hand, and is the real means which enables farmers to adopt intensive methods on a large scale. 2 Manure is Valuable — Don^t Waste It You cannot afford to waste manure any more tlian you can afford to waste money. Every ton of manure properly spread upon the soil is really the means of adding to your income. If you were compelled to buy commercial fertilizer, you would find it very expensive, yet in every ton of barn-yard manure there are contained elements which, if boug-ht sep- arately, would make the value of a ton of barn-yard manure produced by farm ani- mals worth as follows : Per Ton Sheep $3 . 30 Calves 3.18 Hogs 3.29 Cows 2.03 Horses 2.31 Hens 7.07 It is also estimated that in the course of a year the manure produced on the average farm is worth approximately $250, yet much of this is wasted in various ways. Some authorities even claim that one-third is wasted by spreading it in piles in the field, or by allowing it to accumulate in the barnyard. To get the full value from manure, it should be hauled directly from the stable to the field. Not only should all solids be distributed, but pro\'isinn should be made for saving the liquid excrements, because some of the most valuable elements produced in the stable are found in this portion. To save this portion is really a simple matter. It is only necessary to supply the cattle with plenty of straw or litter for bedding, and in moving about they will gradually work it back to the gutters where it will absorb the liquids which are rich in nitrogen, nature's most efficient and most valuable plant food. To save these valuable elements, a manure spreader should be used. Back the machine right up to the stable door, throw in the stable cleanings, drive to the field and distribute the load immediately. Manure should never be hauled to the field and left in piles, because the action of the sun, wind, rains, and the natural tendency to ferment causes much of its value to pass away, either in the form of washing or in gases which are liberated by chemical action. When a manure spreader is used, all fertilizer is distributed evenly, it is perfectly pulver- ized, and instead of being allowed to ferment, the action of the rains dissolves the soluble parts and they soak into the ground in the proper condition for absorption the following season by the tender roots of growing plants. 3 Make Your Farm Yield Bumper Crops THE surest way to make your farm yield bumper crops is to thoroughly understand the requirements and nature of the soil. Study your soil ; then use fertilizer in the proper quantities. Don't waste it. Make every' ounce count. You can't do this unless you use a manure spreader, because when spread by hand, there is a tendency to une\-en spreading and either under or over fer- tilization. In e\-ery case hand spreading means a loss because lo loads of manure spread with a manure spreader will do the work of 20 loads spread by hand. Instead of a fair yield from one acre, a manure spreader will distribute fertilizer pro- duced aljout \'our farm, so that you can fertilize two acres where you previously covered one, and harvest a bumper crop from two acres where you previously garnered a fair yield from one. A manure spreader will thus double the value of manure spread and will re- turn a 100 per cent dividend where previously you received a scant 50 per cent. Special Conditions Special conditions and special crops demand individual study. Certain soils are especially lacking in one element and burdened with another. This is especially true of soil in which nitrogen in excessive quantities is present. In such cases, lime or commercial fertilizer is invaluable. It is, howe\er. impossible to spread lime properly by hand. There is but one correct method to apply lime, ashes, etc. The manure spreader will do this work perfectly. In fact, manure spreaders are so constructed that in case it is desired, lime, ashes, or other fertilizers can be spread either broadcast or drilled in rows of varying \\'idths. The Corn King has special equipment for handling this proposition. It will spread lime, etc., with the same degree of perfection that it distributes barn-yard manure. >-^:'^^^^^'^ -■■--:d^-:-- On the Grouud Where the Manure Pile Laid the Strongest Stalk Gicm- You Never Know Your Loss 4 Why Manure Should Not Be Allowed to Accumulate in the Barn- Yard UNDER no circumstances should manure be allowed to accumulate in the barn-yard. It should be hauled directly from the stable to the field, because if thrown in heaps it is liable to heat, and chemical action will liberate much of the nitrogen which is really one of the most valuable plant foods contained in any fertilizer. There are other losses connected with this method of handling- which can be eliminated. Where manure is tlirown in heaps a large percentage of the liquid excrement soaks into the barn-yard and becomes a total loss, so far as producing value goes. This loss can be prevented by supplying the cattle with liberal ciuantities of litter or bedding, which will absorb the liquid portions, and by throwing all stable cleanings directly into a manure spreader, drawing to the field, and spreading in proper quantities. The action of the sun and wind also has a tendency to cause chemical change. As soon as chemical action sets in many of the micro-organisms which are invaluable to plant growth are destroyed. In order to grow certain crops, the presence of these bacteria is ab- solutely essential. This is especially true of clover. Growers of clover often find it difficult to get a stand and, in order to do so, adopt heroic means. It not infrequently happens that they are compelled to inoculate the soil with specially cultured bacteria. Such a procedure is unnecessary when barn-yard manure is taken care of properly. Barn-yard manure al- ways contains bacteria in sufficient quantities if spread immediately after it is removed from the stable to insure a crop. Thus, if it is properly taken care of, it is unnecessary to introduce cultured micro-organisms which are not only uncertain but expensive. Another loss is incurred by throwing manure in heaps in barn-yards which are situated on side hills. In such places there is a natural tendency to washing. After every rain more or less of the soluble portions of the manure is washed away, leaving the insoluble elements which as a rule are lacking in those properties which accelerate plant growth. To avoid this loss, use a manure spreader. Leave the machine just outside the stable door, throw in the manure, liquids and all, drive to the field and spread as soil con ditions demand. By this method, every ounce of producing strength is placed where it will do the most good, thus losses caused by washing, leeching, and fermentation are elimin- ated and loo per cent re- sults assured. ^ Manure Spreader Saves Time and Labor aa Well as Manure 5 The Manure Spreader an Assistant THE manure spreader is a new hired man. It not only saves time, but labor and ex- pense. It saves time l^ecause it will spread in from 3 to 5 minutes the same quantity of manure it formerly took 20 to 30 minutes to spread. Time is saved and the work is done much better. This is true because a spreader distributes manure evenly, which is a physi- cal impossibility when spreading by hand. A manure spreader is also of invaluable assistance in keeping the barn-yard free from accumulation of all sorts. Where a wagon is used to haul manure from the stable to the field it often happens that the equipment is changed in which case the cleanings from the stable are dumped in the barn-yard. The manure spreader is used for but one ]mrpose only. Consequently it is always ready, and the temptation to throw manure in the barn-yard is reduced. On the majority of farms, it is much easier to load a spreader than it is to wheel ma- nure out in the yard. Therefore, there is a natural tendency to use the spreader because it saves the necessary labor required for an extra handling. By using a manure spreader, time is conserved and manure is made to produce 100 per cent results. This is true because 10 to 15 loads of manure spread per acre with a ma- chine produce Ijetter results than 20 to 30 loads spread by hand. The reason for this lies in the fact that a manure spreader distributes manure evenly, covers every inch of ground, and makes every ounce count, whereas hand-spread manure can be made to fertilize only a por- tion of the soil on which it is spread. Uneven fertilisation means an uneven grain stand, consequently an uneven yield. Ma- chine spreading means evenly spread manure, an even stand of grain, a uniform yield, and too per cent returns. Manure Cuuuui lie Spread Uveuly with a i'ork 6 ^^-^-^ What Experiments Have Proved ACTUAL field experience proves — That lo loads of manure properly spread will give better results than 20 or 30 loads spread in a haphazard way. That not less than 20 loads will cover an acre when spread by hand. That the average hired man or boy will usually spread 25 or 30 loads per acre instead of less. That 25 or 30 loads means over-fertilization, thus an injury instead of a benefit to the soil. That the average man with a pitchfork does not spread manure evenly, consequently each plant does not receive its proper share of fertility. That manure can be spread with a machine in an}' quantit)-. ranging from 5 to 15 loads per acre — sometimes even less. That a machine will spread any and all kinds of manure e\-enly in any desired (luantity. That a machine will spread a load in from 3 to 5 minutes instead oi 30 or 40, which is consumed in spreading by hand. That a machine will spread lime, ashes, etc., evenly instead of in shovelfuls, as is the case with the hand method. That a lo-vear old boy can do more and better work with a Corn King than two men spreading by hand. That there is only one way to get one hundred per cent returns from manure — by using a Corn King manure spreader. On the following pages are illustrations and text which should convince you that the Corn King has no superior. A Manure Spreader Spreads Manure Evenly and in Proper Quantities 7 Corn King Manure Spreader No. 1 THIS is the smallest Corn King manure spreader. It is particularly designed for use in truck gardens, vineyards, and in places where the ordinary size manure spreader could not be used to advantage. This machine can be used in such places because it is much narrower than the regular width machine and yet the capacity is sufficiently large to haul a fair size load. It can be used to advantage on soft or uneven ground. This machine differs from the other machine in two respects. The box is 9 inches narrower than that used on the other three machines, but the length and depth is the same as that of Corn King No. 2. The rake is stationary instead of vibrating. This machine is equipped with a 2-horse hitch. The specifications are as follows : Inches Length of box inside 9'-M Width of box 45 Depth of box 15 Diameter of rear road wheel 48 Diameter of front road wheel 28 Inches Face of rear road wheel 5^ Face of front road wheel 4J4 Width of track, rear 68 Width of track, front 46 Corn King Spreader No. 2 THE Corn King spreader No. 2 is a machine of medium capacity. Tiie box and tread are regular width. This machine is especially designed for use on small tracts, and for truck gardeners who desire a manure spreader that will do the same efficient work as the larger machines, and yet draw much lighter. The difference in the draft results from a reduction in capacity. To meet the demands for a machine of light draft and somewhat larger than Corn King No. I, the Corn King No. 2 is offered. Truck gardeners realize how difficult it is to spread manure evenly by hand. With this machine, manure can be spread thick or thin. If desired. Corn King No. 2 can be equipped with lime hood or drilling attachment for distributing lime or spreading manure in rows. This latter feature is especially valuable because plant food can be furnished directly to the hill where it will be available for immediate consumption. This method of distribution also has a tendency to warm the ground around the hill and force the growth, which means early maturity — a feature eagerly desired by truck gardeners and seed growers. This spreader is equipped with a 2-horse hitch and, like the Corn King No. i, the front truck cuts under the box ; thus the spreader can be turned in its own length. This is a very desirable feature because the machine can be used in places where there is little room to turn. Specifications Inches Length of box inside 98^4 Width of box inside 54 Depth of box inside 15 Diameter rear road wheel (steel ) 48 Diameter front road wheel (steel) 30^ Inches Face rear road wheel (steel) 5}^ Face front road wheel (steel) 4^ Width of tread, rear 78 Width of tread, front -Ki -^^-^ Corn King No. 3 THIS machine is designed to meet the demands for a spreader of medium capacity. It will be found especially valuable on farms of average size. This machine will enable the possessor of the average number of acres to make the manure he previously spread on lo acres of ground do service on twice that area; in fact, it would be the means of bringing him one step toward the intensive method, which has done so much to maintain the producing standard of the European farm. The Corn King No. 3 is similar in construction tn the Corn King No. 2. It is equipped with a vibrating rake. The front wheels cut under the spreader box, thus making it an es- pecially desirable machine for use in places in which there is limited space to turn. Like the No. I and No. 2, the wheels are steel and when the load is spread, the apron throws itself out of gear automatically. The machine is thrown in gear by simply pushing the hand lever forward. The rate of speed at which the apron travels is controlled bv this lever and determines the quantity spread per acre. Corn King No. 3 is equipped with a coml)ination hitch which can be used wilh either two or three horses. Specifications Inches Length of box inside 11834 Width of box inside 54 Depth of box inside 15 Diameter rear road wheel (steel) .... 48 Inches Diameter front road wheel (steel) ... .30 j/2 Face rear road wheel (steel) 5^ Face front road wheel (steel ) 43/2 Width of tread rear wheel (steel) ... .78 jSa 10 Corn King Spreader No. 4 THE Corn King spreader No. 4 is the largest Corn King spreader made. This machine is designed for the man wlio desires a machine of large capacity. To keep a large farm properly fertilized requires the expenditure of a great deal of time and means an unlimiteil amount of hard labor. On the majority of farms insufficient manure is produced to keep the cultivated area properly fertilized when spreading is done by hand. Of course, this is largely the result of over-fertilization and inaljility to spread thin enough so that the manure will cover the proper area. By using the Corn King No. 4, manure can be made to do double service. It will make one load do the work that two loads formerly did, thus enabling the man who cultivates large areas to harvest bumper crops from two acres where previously he received a fair yield from one. It will also do away with the many disagreeable features connected with hand spreading, and be the means of saving time, labor, and expense. The apron on this machine is so constructed that it folds back a short distance to allow the front wheels to turn under the spreader. This spreader has all the superior features found on the other three machines and is furnished with a 2, 3, or 4-horse combination Iiilch. Specifications Inohes Length of box inside H'^V-i Width of box inside 54 Depth of box inside 1^34 Diameter rear road wheel (steel) 48 Diameter front road wheel (steel) ..... 30 J/2 Inches Face rear road wheel (steel) 5;54 Face front road wheel (steel) 41/2 Width of tread rear wheel (steel) 78 Width of tread front wheel (steel) 46 11 Main Frame Substantial Trussed Frame THE main frame of the Corn King spreader is made of thoroughly seasoned, air-dried, wood stock which has pronounced acid-resisting quahties. Heavy cross sills are used to reinforce the main frame. These cross sills are also strengthened by means of a truss rod which extends the full length of each sill. An angle steel track at the center of the machine extends the full length of the main frame. This track supports the center of the apmn, reinforces the main frame, and distributes the weight of the load uniformly over the entire machine. Flat steel tracks are also fastened to the top of the two main sills. These tracks extend the full length of the machine and relieve the sills of much of the strain to which they are subjected. They prevent the steel rollers with which the apron is equipped from cutting into the wood. These tracks also prevent manure coming in contact with the top of the sill. The front of the main frame is reinforced by means of an exceptionally heavy bolster. This bolster is fastened to the main frame proper by means of angle irons and bolts. This construction prevents the frame from springing apart and affords an excellent means for attaching the front truck. The rear of the main frame is reinforced by two heavy tie rods; one under the axle, and one under the cvlinder. Box The box is constructed of the best air-dried, thoroughly seasoned, box board lumber. Hard steel box straps extend the full width of the sides and prevent the sides from splitting, spreading, or warping. These straps are securely bolted to the sides and main sills. ■Wheels Kemoved to Show Rear End Construction U Wheels Sectional View of Front Wheel Showing Sand Collar THE wheels on the Corn King spreader are constructed en- tirely of steel. Heavy Z-shaped lugs securely riveted to the rims of the main drive wheels give the wheels a prac- tically continuous bearing surface and develop ample traction power tq prevent the wheels from slipping even though the machine is being operated on soft and slippery ground. In order to make the wheels doubly strong, the large oval spokes are cast solidly into the hub. The ends of the spokes are upset and are riveted securely to the tire. This construction gives the greatest possible strength and makes an almost indestructible wheel. Experience proves that more power can be generated and the field left in better condition when the wheels do not track. For this reason the front and rear wheels on the Corn King manure spreader have a separate tread. The construction distributes the weight of the load more uniformly over the surface, consequently it eliminates unnecessary packing of the surface. The front wheels are similar to the rear in general con- struction. An oil hole is supplied on the front and not on the rear wheels because the front wheels turn on the axle whereas the rear turn with it. This oil hole is equipped with a stopper which prevents dirt from working into the bearing, thus eliminating friction and preventing unneces- sary wear. This feature reduces the draft of the machine Fifth Wheel Construction considerably, because it insures the deliveo' of clean oil to the bearing surface of the axle at all times. The wheel is also pro\-ided with sand collars to protect the axle from dirt and sand which would otherwise work in and cause unnecessary wear. Fifth Wheel A careful comparison should be made of the fifth A\'heel used on the Corn King manure spreader with that used on other machines. The Corn King fifth wheel con- sists of two flat pieces of circular steel held to- gether by means of a strong king bolt. A heavy steel bolster bracket reinforced by cross ties securely bolted to the top of the fifth wheel and to the heavy bolster forms a substantial support for the front of the machine. In order to further strengthen the fifth wheel, Fmi.t view showine Fifth w a brace is bolted to the top of the fifth wheel and extends back to the cross sill is securelv fastened bv a strong bracket and bolts. heel where it 15 Axles BOTH tlie front and rear axles on the Corn King manure spreader are of the continu- ous type. The rear axle turns with the wheel and is equipped with roller and self-aligning hearings. This axle is extremely strong and heavy and it is made of the best steel so as to give greatest service. It is sufficiently heavy to carry the weight of the load without springing out of shape. Special attention should be directed to the self- aligning and roller bearing features. By using self-aligning roller bearings, all twisting and l)ind- ing of the axle is eliminated, the draft is reduced, and added wearing service is the result. The rear axle bearings are provided with con\"enient oiling devices. Tiiese devices make it an easy matter to supply lubricant to the bearings. By keeping tlie bearings properly oiled, the draft of the machine is reduced and the wearing life is considerablv increased. Bear "SVbecl Section of Tire to Sliow Klane:e Which Pre- vents Cutting the Meadow Front Axle A continuous axle is used to support the front end of the ma- chine. This axle does not turn with the wheels as does the rear. Instead of being perfectly straight, it is arched in the center suf- ficiently to permit the wheels to turn under the box, so that the ma- chine can be operated in places where space is limited. The front axle is securely fastened to the lower section of the fifth wheel and is prevented from springing by a tie rod which is fastened by means of nuts to the axle clamps, which form the sand collar for the front wheels. Special attention should be directed to the sand collar formed by the axle clamps. These collars prevent a large percentage of the dirt and sand which ordinarily works into the axle bearing, from reaching that portion of the axle wliich carries the strain of the machine. By preventing friction caused by dirt and sand, the draft of the machine is reduced and the wearing life of the axle increased. 16 Front Wheel Skeleton View THE accompanying illustration gives a good idea of the method by which power is trans- mitted to the various parts. You will notice that the beater is driven from the rear axle by means of a strong chain and large sprockets. The illustration also shows the apron driving mechanism, which consists of an eccen- tric at the head of the beater which operates the ratchets which move the apron. A double pawl worm feed can also be furnished, if desired. The illustration shows the ratchet feed only. A good idea of the convenient arrangement of levers is also presented. The Corn King continuous axle always gives satisfaction. This axle is extremely heavy and is held in place by means of strong axle lirackets securely fastened to the main frame by bolts. Three bolts are used to fasten each bracket to the sills. A strong tie-rod rein- forces these brackets and holds them in perfect alignment. By keeping the nuts which con- trol the adjustment properly tightened, there is never any danger of these brackets working loose, consequently all danger of the rear axle bearings getting out of alignment is elimi- nated. Special emphasis should also be laid on the axle bracket reinforcement which is af- forded by the angle steel tracks which support the apron. These tracks are securely fas- tened to the ends of the beater brackets at the rear of the machine and also to the axle brackets. This method of reinforcement prevents all possibility of the brackets being torn loose by the jolting of the machine. Skeleton View of Frame Showing: Driving Mechanism 17 Driving Mechanism B EATER DRIVE — The beater driving mechan- ism IS very strong and simple. It consists of a strong chain and large sprokets. This chain is so constructed that in case it is necessary to remove a link, it can be done with ver}- little inconvenience. A new link can be instantly inserted or one remo\-ed — it is not necessary to P purchase an entire new chain. Driving Mechanism Side of Box Removed to Show Apron and Beater A simple and convenient chain tightener enables the operator to keep the chain at perfect tension at all times. When the chain is kept at the right tension, unnecessary jerks in starting the machine can be eliminated. The illus- tration at the top of the page gives a good idea of the ex- ceptional strength of the beater driving mechanism. The chain tightener is also distinctly shown. This tightener is of a type that does not cause unnecessary wear or friction. Apron Drive Two styles of apron driving mechanism are fur- nished on the Corn King manure spreader. Both styles Keturn Clutch for Apron are very effective and it is largely a matter of opinion which one is best. Double Pa^vl Worm Feed The tlouble pawl worm feed is preferred by many users. This apron driving mechanism is very simple. It consists of an eccentric, bevel gear, worm gear, and worm. The eccentric gear is provided with teeth which mesh in the gear that drives the worm and transmits power to the apron driving shaft. 18 Doable Pawl Worm Feed for Aproii CI lANGES of feed are effected by a simple adjustment whicli shortens or lengthens the stroke of the eccentric shaft, as thick or thin spreading is desired. This driving mechanism is pro- vided with two pawls instead of one. By using two pawls, all danger of un- even spreading" is eliminated because the apron is given an easv, sure, and continuous, forward motion, and the load moves to the beater at the same rate whether the machine is operated up or down hill. Double Pawl Worm Feed Kuclosed Ratchet Feed Ratchet Feed The ratchet feed with which the Corn King is equipped, is very efficient and is always in readiness. The ratchet feed consists of an eccentric and a rod which operates the ratchets, on the end of the beater shaft. The working parts are strong and all parts are thoroughly de- pendable. If desired, a crank which fits in the gear wheel on the end of the apron dri\'ing shaft can be used to move the apron forward or backward. This fea- ture is sometimes found advantageous be- cause in case the apron is not returned to the original position by the automatic re- turn device, it can be returned by hand, thus avoiding hitching a team to the ma- chine to return the apron with the auto- matic feature. 19 Apron ■mi Apron Rollers Kun on Steel Tracks NARROW wooden slats placed close together and connected by means of three flexible malleable chains which are hinged between each slat, form the apron of the Corn King manure spreader. Between each link of the two outside chains is fastened a steel roller which rests on the steel tracks which are fastened to the main frame. The center chain is hinged between the slats but the roller is placed in the center of the slat instead oT between. The slats are fastened to the chains by ri\'ets. Three rivets fasten each link to the outside slats. Two rivets fasten each link of the center chain. The rivets prevent the slats coming loose and causing breakage. The rollers with which the apron chains are equipped are large and run easily. The machine is constructed so that the outside rollers set on the out- side of the box. Manure does not come in direct con- tact with the rollers, therefore, they never bind or fail to turn. By keeping these rollers oiled, unnecessary friction can be eliminated, and the draft of the machine reduced. The rollers, with which the center chain is equipped, are placed in the center of the slat to give the apron the maximum amount of flexibility and to guard against manure falling upon them. This construction gives the rollers an opportunity to turn freely and easily, increases their wearing life, and reduces the draft of the machine to the lowest possible point. All wood stock used in Corn King aprons is thoroughly seasoned, air- dried, and protected by paint against the destroying agencies of acids found in barn-yard manure. The wood stock used is of a variety that has superior acid resisting qualities. Defective ma- terial is never used, consequently, the user of Corn King is insured of maxi- mum service; and at the same time minor annoyances, such as are usually encountered, are practically eliminated. Apron Showing: Location of Belts and RoUera 20 Beater Center Spider EIGHT strong wooden l^ars, provided with long square steel teeth, and fastened to large circular metallic heads having sockets to receive the bars which hold them firmly in place, form the beater of the Corn King manure spreader. Central support for these bars is fur- nished by means of a spider, each arm of which is shouldered and provided with threads and a nut for securely bolting the beater bars. This spider not only pro- vides central reinforcement but it prevents the bars from warping and springing out of shape. The circular metallic heads have square shoulders. Each bar is set between these shoul- ders and held in place l)y means of a bolt at each end. This removes much of the strain from the bolts which hold the bars in place and prevents the bars from splitting. To further strengthen the beater, each bar has rivets running crosswise of the direction in which the teeth run. This pre- vents the teeth from splitting the bars. Another feature which should be care- fully considered is the fact that the beater heads extend beyond the inside of the spreader. On the Corn King the beater is not set inside of the box but in the rear — • the outside of the heads being on a line with the outside of the box. This construction prevents the beater shaft from winding with strings, uncleca^'ed grass, stalks, etc., conse- quentlv the operator of the Corn King never encounters trouble when operating the ma- chine in manure which contains undecayed vegetable matter. The Corn King beater is large in diam- eter, the teeth are extremely long and have sufficient strength to pulverize thoroughly any and all kinds of barn-yard manure. By using a beater of large diameter, the de- signers have reduced the tendency for corn stalks, etc., to wind, as so often happens when operating machines whose beaters are of small diameter. 21 ^