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 The wide spreading disks throw the manure out in a strip 10 feet wide 
 
 The Low Cloverleaf Manure Spreader 
 
 A Spreader of Great Convenience — One of Immense 
 
 Spreading Value— A Soil Builder 
 
 Manure that is broken up into fine particles and distributed on to the ground in a wide, even 
 spread is in its best form to give the soil the greatest benefit. 
 
 Chemical action begins quickly and the fertilizing elements are at once assimilated by the soil. 
 All the soil particles are benefited, instead of a spot here and there, as when the manure is thrown 
 out in large lumps by a fork. 
 
 The Low Cloverleaf is unique in the spreader world — first, because of the wide strip of manure 
 which it spreads on the ground, thoroughly pulverized; second, because the wide strip is made from 
 a narrow box— only 45 inches wide. The manure is applied to the soil to the best possible advan- 
 tage. Time is saved in unloading it and labor for both operator and team is lessened. 
 
 One of the first advantages noted about the Low Cloverleaf spreader is that it is narrow enough 
 to be driven into a barn and loaded directly from the stable. The majority of the modern barns 
 are constructed so that the stock faces the walls, bringing the gutters into the center of the barn. 
 A driveway is left between the gutters and the stable doors open wide. The Low Cloverleaf can 
 be driven right into the barn. Farmers are finding this a very convenient and profitable method of 
 handling the manure. When the stable is clean, the labor with the manure is practically ended. 
 It takes but a few minutes to drive to the field and spread the load on the ground. 
 
 This method is a most economical one. One handling of the manure disposes of it for good — 
 a 50 per cent economy in time and labor. The manure is spread on the soil without a particle of 
 
 3 
 
waste of the three chief plant food constituents — nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The soil 
 gets all the benefits. 
 
 A 1 0-Foot Spread 
 
 Another important feature about the Low Cloverleaf is that the strip of manure it throws on to 
 the ground has a maximum width of about 10 feet. 
 
 This feature of the spreader means increasing its efficiency in two very important field opera- 
 tions. 
 
 The unloading time is shortened, therefore the traveling distance materially reduced. The 
 strip of manure is twice as wide as formerly, but the speed of the apron is increased proportionately 
 and the manure is fed to the beater more rapidly. The density of the strip of manure on the 
 
 The manure is thrown well beyond the wheels and finely pulverized — a regular blanket of manure 
 
 ground per square foot is the same as it would be from a regular spreader where the strip is the 
 same as the width of the beater. 
 
 The manure is thrown well beyond the wheels. Practically every farmer who has used a 
 spreader has been up against the proposition of having one of the drive wheels continually sliding 
 because it is necessary to drive that wheel on freshly spread manure in order to secure a match-up 
 with the strip just spread. 
 
 With the Low Cloverleaf, the driver's patience is no longer tried and traction power is no longer 
 wasted by being compelled to drive this wheel on the manure. The cuts show that the spread of 
 manure is well beyond the wheels. On the return round, the rear wheel can travel from a foot to 
 two feet from the manure and the two strips will meet. 
 
 This is a great advantage and saves much time and inconvenience in the field. The wheels 
 travel on the dry ground. They will not slip. All the traction power is used for its distinct purpose 
 — to get the load off. The draft is normal, since all of the tractive power is utilized for its 
 
 legitimate purpose. 
 
 4 
 
The Width of Spread Governed by Adjustable Wings 
 
 While the maximum width of the strip of manure spread on the ground is about I feet, it 
 can be made narrower if desired by means of the adjustable side wings. These can be closed 
 down and the width of the strip of the manure made only as wide as the box. 
 
 This adjustment is taken advantage of in special cases. 
 
 For Fertilizing Young Fruit Trees 
 
 Many farmers having young orchards are finding the Low Cloverleaf a spreader which can be 
 put to special use to very good advantage. It has always been a problem to throw the manure in 
 close around the trees without injury to them, unless the work was done by hand. 
 
 With the Low Cloverleaf the spreader can be driven along a row of young fruit trees and the 
 manure thrown closely around them. On the return round, the spreader is driven on the other side 
 of the row of trees and a good job of fertilizing is accomplished without extra labor and with abso- 
 lutely no injury to the trees. 
 
 The only adjustment necessary for this work is to change the chain operating the disks so that 
 both disks revolve in the direction the manure is to be thrown, then open the spread controlling 
 wing on this side and close down the one on the opposite side. 
 
 Top Dresses Six Rows of Corn to the Round 
 
 The practice of top dressing young corn is becoming very common in some sections of the 
 country. The Low Cloverleaf spreader is peculiarly adapted for this work. In spreading, one row 
 is straddled and the spread is wide enough so that the rows on both sides are covered and about 
 half the space of the next row. It is thus seen that once across the field three rows are covered and 
 practically half the space beyond the outside rows. On the return trip the process of course is 
 repeated, the third row being straddled, so that on the complete round six rows of corn are top 
 dressed. 
 
 On the return round the strips of manure are made to meet without driving one rear wheel on th 
 
 e manure 
 
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 The Wide Spreading Disks 
 
 The wide spreading feature which makes 
 the Low Cloverleaf the leader in the spreader 
 world consists of a hood over the beater, sup- 
 porting two large steel disks in a vertical posi- 
 tion a few inches back of the beater. The 
 disks are operated by a chain run from a 
 sprocket on the end of the beater shaft. The 
 inner surface of the disks is provided with 
 angle irons every few inches which catch the 
 manure as it is thrown against the disks by 
 the beater. The disks revolve rapidly with 
 an outward motion, catching the manure and 
 throwing it out in a spread as wide as desired 
 up to 10 feet. The spread of manure is made 
 uniform and the edges well defined by means 
 of adjustable side wings. As previously 
 stated, these wings can be raised or lowered 
 so that the strip of manure can be widened 
 or narrowed to suit the operator's pleasure. 
 
 An Endless Apron 
 
 Always in Position for a Load 
 
 Power is furnished to disks through the beater 
 shaft. A ratchet prevents chain breakage 
 
 Everyone knows that a heavy load of mat- 
 ter can be moved easier by means of rollers or 
 wheels than by dragging it as a dead weight. 
 
 The Low Cloverleaf spreader moves its load by a series of iron rollers. Two series of them are 
 arranged in angle steel frames which extend the entire length of the main frame, further strength- 
 ening it. 
 
 The apron itself is made of narrow wood slats pressed close together and connected by 
 malleable links hinged between each slat. The links rest upon and move over iron rollers. This 
 prevents any possible cutting of the slats and carries the load of manure back to the beater for 
 distribution with a steady motion. 
 
 The rollers revolve freely and easily, and when the spreader starts operating, each roller 
 becomes active and does its share in moving the apron and load to the beater in a smooth, uniform 
 manner. The rollers eliminate friction to a large degree and prevent any possible binding of the 
 apron. They are placed close together so that each slat in the entire apron is supported by at least 
 two rollers, one at each end, until after the beater is passed. At the same time there is ample room 
 between the rollers for any fine particles of manure that might get into them to drop through to the 
 ground. 
 
 The Low Cloverleaf apron is endless. When the spreader is thrown out of gear, the 
 apron stops moving, but is in a position to receive another load and to start operating where 
 it left off. 
 
 6 
 
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 The endless apron of the Low Cioverleaf has abundant strength for a heavy load of manure 
 
 The Apron Lock Insures Free Beater and Relieves other Mechanism 
 from Strain of Load when Traveling 
 
 If it were not for the apron lock as shown in cuts on Page 8, the strain of holding back the 
 load from the beater while the spreader is traveling to the field would be entirely upon the worm 
 and worm gear. The apron lock prevents the load from moving back against the beater before 
 unloading is commenced, and so relieves the worm and worm gear from the strain of holding the 
 load off the beater. 
 
 When the spreader is thrown into gear, the beater is free to start without throwing off large 
 clumps of manure and a consequent heavy strain on the operating mechanism. 
 
 The lock is operated by the lever bar. When the load is off and the spreader is thrown out 
 of gear, the lock automatically drops into the ratchet provided for that purpose on the end of the 
 
 7 
 
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 The apron lock holds the load — taking 
 the strain from the worm and worm gear 
 
 front apron shaft. When the spreader is thrown into 
 gear for spreading, the apron lock is automatically 
 raised, allowing the apron to travel freely under 
 power from the worm and worm gear. 
 
 The cuts show the work of the apron lock and 
 give a very comprehensive idea of this feature which 
 marks another step in the efficiency and long service 
 given by the Low Cloverleaf spreader. 
 
 Fine Particles of Manure Easily 
 Cleaned Out 
 
 There is always more or less fine manure which 
 sifts through between the slats of the apron and falls 
 on the underside of the apron. Provision is made in 
 the Low Cloverleaf spreader so that this fine manure 
 easily works out or can be quickly removed. 
 
 Two slats of the apron are left loose along one 
 entire edge so that as they come around to the front 
 
 as shown in the cut, they drop open, allowing the 
 fine manure to fall out. This feature is one which 
 marks the care with which these spreaders are manu- 
 factured, looking entirely to the convenience of the 
 owner. 
 
 The lock is opened automatically when the spread- 
 er is thrown into (rear. It also closes automatically 
 
 Two loose apron slats permit manure that has fallen through 
 on under side of apron to work out. Cut showing one slat open 
 
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 Slack in Apron Easily 
 Controlled 
 
 If the tension of the apron 
 is too severe or if the apron 
 chains become slack, the ten- 
 sion may be relieved or the 
 slack taken up by turning the 
 large set screws controlling 
 the front apron shaft. This 
 shaft is supported by two 
 castings, one at either end, 
 which are subject to move- 
 ment by the long set screws. 
 The adjustment itself can be 
 made in a moment's time. 
 
 The worm and worm gear mechanism that furnish steady power to the apron. 
 The multiple feed disk is taken off and reversed to show the three-feed speeds 
 
 A Steady Driving Power for the Apron 
 
 Of the several devices gotten up for operating the apron, not one has proved so successful as 
 the worm and worm gear. The reason for this is that the power is steady. When the gears meet 
 the strain of the load, it is with a steady, revolving motion — not jerky. This is kept up continually 
 during the unloading operation. The apron is at all times under the absolute control of the worm 
 and gear. 
 
 When the spreader is traveling uphill while unloading, gravity, of course, is acting upon the 
 load. If it were not for the worm and worm gear construction, the apron and load would slip back 
 to the beater more rapidly than the beater could throw out the manure. Clogging or heavy draft 
 would be sure to follow. The 
 Low Cloverleaf overcomes 
 such a difficulty. The worm 
 and worm gear hold the apron 
 to regular speed, virtually act- 
 ing as a brake on the apron, 
 at the same time keeping the 
 power uniform. 
 
 Nor is the speed of the 
 apron retarded when the 
 spreader is traveling downhill 
 while unloading. In this po- 
 sition, the worm and gear 
 must move the load against 
 the incline or gravity. They 
 do it and keep the speed 
 
 Steady and the Spread of ma- The multiple feed disk in position and the worm and worm 
 
 1 gear enclosed in the iron case. Notice the hard oil grease cups 
 
 nure normal. which keep these parts continuously operating in clean grease 
 
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 Long Life for Worm and Worm Gear 
 
 These parts undoubtedly receive the greatest amount of strain and wear of any part of the 
 spreader. They have to move the entire load of manure, regardless of its weight and condition. 
 To lengthen their life, they are made reversible and can be used until the cogs are virtually worn 
 out. The life of the worm and worm gear are thus lengthened 100 per cent. 
 
 In addition to this, the worm and worm gear are entirely encased in an iron case, as the cut 
 illustrates. 
 
 The case is dust and dirt-tight. This eliminates the grinding of the gears due to dirt getting 
 
 into them. 
 
 Hard Oil Grease Cups Furnish Grease to Worm and Worm Pinion 
 
 Gears on machines are worn out long before their time simply for lack, of grease. To insure 
 that the worm and worm gear shall always have an abundance of grease in which to operate' 
 hard oil is fed down to them from a grease cup on top of the worm case. The grease is inside 
 and clean. The dirt is outside. The worm and worm gear thus have all the advantage possible 
 to give them to do their work efficiently and with a minimum of wear and friction. 
 
 Multiple Disks Have Three Feeds 
 
 The multiple feed disk on the Low Cloverleaf spreader has three distinct feed speeds. The 
 speeds are controlled by a lever which runs to the front of the machine and is within convenient 
 reach of the driver. The feed speeds can be changed instantly by simply shifting the lever. This 
 provision is made a matter of convenience so that the operator can spread the load according to 
 the needs of the soil over which the spreader is traveling. Some portions of a field will need more 
 manure on it than other portions. The soil requirements can be met without loss of time by means 
 of the multiple feed disk and lever. 
 
 Worm and Worm Gear Furnished with Spreader Have Feed Speed 
 
 Practical for the average Farm 
 
 The Low Corn King spreader is regularly equipped with a worm and worm gear that distributes 
 the manure on the ground in quantities to suit the demands of the soil of the average farm, 
 especially where the crop rotation system is followed. They are known as the medium speed or 
 medium spread worm and worm gear. 
 
 Two Other Worm and Worm Gear Sets 
 
 There are two more sets of worms and worm gears, each or both of which may be had at a 
 slight additional cost. These two are a slow speed or a light spread worm and worm gear, and a 
 fast speed or heavy spread worm and worm gear. 
 
 The light spread worm and worm gear are used ordinarily for light tcp dressing on alfalfa, 
 young corn, and such other crops, and for spreading lime or commercial fertilizer. 
 
 The heavy spread worm and worm gear are used primarily on worn out soils where the 
 manure, after being spread, is to be disked in and the field plowed up. Also, this set is used by 
 
 10 
 
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 truck gardeners where mulching is done and where an extra heavy spread of manure is to be 
 applied. 
 
 Worms and Worm Gears are of Same Diameter and Interchangeable 
 
 A great advantage with the Low Cloverleaf spreader is that all the worms and worm gears are 
 of the same diameter and fit into the same worm case. In changing from one set to the other, no 
 adjustments are necessary — simply take off one set and put the other one in its place. 
 
 Different Feed Speeds Obtained by Varying Cog Pitch 
 
 The various feed speeds are obtained in the worms and worm gears by making the cog pitch 
 different for each set. For the light spread the cogs are small and close together, and the worm 
 moves one cog in the gear every revolution. 
 
 On the medium spread worm and worm gear, the cogs are heavier and a little farther apart, 
 but the worm only moves one cog in the gear at a revolution. 
 
 On the heavy spread worm and worm gear set the cogs are much heavier and the worm at 
 the end is arranged like a double auger bit and moves two cogs of the gear at every revolution. 
 By this construction the worms and worm gears are kept the same diameter and therefore inter- 
 changeable without any adjusting. 
 
 With these three sets of worms and worm gears and the multiple feed disk with its three-feed 
 speeds, there are nine feed changes to be had with the Low Cloverleaf spreader, providing the 
 extra sets of worms and worm gears are purchased. These varieties of spreads cover completely 
 the various agricultural requirements for spreading manure and commercial fertilizer. 
 
 
 
 The kind of corn crops that follow the spreading of manure on meadows or pasture land 
 
 11 
 
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 Most Machines Handle Crops — The Low (Tjoverleaf Manure Spreader Produces Crops 
 
 Its Narrow Box Makes it Exceptionally Handy for Use in the Stable and in 
 Small Yards. Its Wide Spread Saves Much Time and Travel in the Field 
 
 4 I 
 
The steel beater with its steel, chisel-pointed teeth is revolved rapid- 
 ly and is heavy enough to tear all kinds of manure into fine shreds 
 
 An All-Steel Beater 
 
 Revolves Rapidly — Thoroughly Pulverizes the Manure 
 
 When examining a spreader, be sure that the beater is right. First, it must be heavy enough 
 to handle tough manure and strong enough to withstand the shock of impact with heavy lumps 
 and clods. Second, it must have power enough back of it to keep it revolving rapidly under all 
 conditions and to pulverize and scatter the manure as rapidly as the apron delivers it. Third, it 
 must be in the right relation to the apron ta insure free action and to minimize draft. 
 
 These three important features are fully covered by the beater on the Low Cloverleaf manure 
 spreader. Examine it carefully. It will warrant your approval at once. 
 
 The beater is all steel, constructed of eight steel bars, into which the long, square steel, chisel- 
 pointed teeth are riveted. The bars are bolted to the heavy malleable beater heads. The beater 
 is reinforced in the center by a steel band on the inside and bolted to each bar. While the bars 
 themselves are deemed sufficiently heavy for striking a hard lump or clod of manure, the steel band 
 in the center makes it absolutely certain that the beater can tear and break up the hard lumps or 
 clods without injury to it. 
 
 The beater is in a right relation to the apron for effective work. It is placed at the rear of the 
 apron with the points of the teeth on the lower bars extending below the apron or the bottom of 
 the box. By extending the teeth below the apron, wedging of the manure under the beater is 
 prevented. 
 
 When the beater is placed above the apron, as is a common practice with many spreader build- 
 ers, the manure is constantly crowding under it and clear in against the beater bars. The beater 
 cannot work freely, the teeth do not get a chance to tear and cut the manure, and the draft is heavy. 
 
 On the Low Cloverleaf the position of the beater, together with the effective driving power, 
 enables the beater to revolve very rapidly, thoroughly pulverizing the manure and preventing any 
 chugging or jerking on the driving mechanism. 
 
 14 
 
The heavy beater sprocket and driving chain trans- 
 mit power directly from the axle to the beater 
 
 The Beater Driving Parts Furnish Abundant Power 
 
 The strength of the beat- 
 er driving parts is one of the 
 principal reasons for the Low 
 Cloverleaf spreader being a 
 winner. There is no question 
 in the operator's mind about 
 getting his load off when he 
 looks at the beater driving 
 parts. Their strength and 
 simplicity remove all doubt at 
 once. 
 
 These parts consist of a 
 large sprocket on the axle, the 
 gears for the beater, and the 
 heavy chain. The gear on 
 the end of the beater shaft 
 and the beater driving gear 
 are reinforced by a brace ex- 
 tending from the main frame to the end of the stud on which the driving gear revolves. This 
 holds the gear rigidly in position and prevents its springing away from the gear on the end of the 
 beater shaft. 
 
 The large sprocket is heavy, with over two-thirds of the teeth meshing into the chain. The 
 gear operates into a clutch on the axle which is provided with a large number of teeth, and a roller- 
 bearing collar. The clutch is exceedingly strong. It never fails to act and the action is quick. 
 This gear and clutch transmit power to the beater, so that, regardless of the quality or quantity of 
 the manure, the beater is kept revolving. 
 
 A chain tightener is provided in order that any slackness in the chain may be quickly taken 
 
 up. This tightener consists 
 of a small, double-flanged 
 iron pulley, which can be 
 moved to any position for 
 taking up the slack. 
 
 The smooth working of 
 the beater driving parts is 
 insured by protecting them 
 from dirt and straws. A 
 wooden shield covers these 
 parts. It prevents the falling 
 into the chain and gears of 
 any straws or manure which 
 fall over the top of the box. 
 The shield is attached to the 
 side of the box and can be 
 
 The beater sprocket clutch has ten strong teeth. They grip quickly easily removed if desired. 
 
 15 
 
Slatted Roller Effective in Crushing Lumps 
 and Leveling Load 
 
 The slatted roller retards the loose top of the load and keeps 
 
 the manure feeding to the beater uniformly. Large lumps 
 
 i! ■■ crushed. The cut shows the roller in its regular position 
 
 It works equally as well on a high load of light 
 
 manure. Note the height to which the roller rises 
 
 16 
 
 As the Low Cloverleaf is a 
 leader in the manner of distribu- 
 ting manure on to the ground, 
 so is it in handling the manure 
 in the load. 
 
 A slatted roller, which rides 
 on top of the load and is revolved 
 by it, serves to retard the loose 
 top of the load and crush the 
 large lumps without materially in- 
 creasing the draft of the spreader. 
 
 In cleaning up a yard, or 
 a shed where stock has been 
 kept for some time, large lumps 
 of manure are thrown into the 
 spreader. Those on top would 
 be carried back to the beater 
 and thrown off with very little 
 breaking up were it not for the 
 slatted roller which crushes them 
 effectively. 
 
 The roller is located above 
 and a little in front of the beater. 
 By its action the delivery of the 
 manure is uniform. The beater 
 gets the same chance at the 
 entire load, insuring well pulver- 
 ized manure regardless of the 
 condition it was in when loaded. 
 
 The roller also serves to 
 level off a load built high in the 
 center. The Low Cloverleaf 
 spreader is quite flexible as to 
 the size of the loads that can be 
 put on to it. In light manure it 
 is frequently desired to pile the 
 load up in order to get a larger 
 quantity at one hauling. The 
 roller levels it down so that the 
 beater can act on every particle 
 of manure in the load and do a 
 first-class job of spreading. 
 
Steel Frame, Strongly 
 
 Trussed and Braced 
 
 with Steel 
 
 Beater is Driven Di- 
 rectly from Axle on 
 Left Hand Side 
 
 Apron is Driven Di- 
 rectly from Axle on 
 Right Hand Side 
 
 2-inch Solid Steel Axle 
 
 Apron Roller Frames 
 
 Extend Entire Length 
 
 of Main Frame 
 
 vice — and keep the operating parts always in alignment 
 
 17 
 
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 An All-Steel Frame with Angle Steel Main Sills 
 
 The long roller bearings on the axle eliminate excessive 
 friction due to the weight of the load. They operate in 
 clean grease furnished by means of hard oil grease cups 
 
 A steel frame is to a manure spreader what 
 a foundation is to a building. All the weight, all 
 the strain, of hauling and spreading a load of 
 manure comes onto the frame. The Low Clover- 
 leaf frame is equal to the task imposed upon it. 
 The main sills are of angle steel, and are trussed 
 and braced with steel bars. The frame is com- 
 paratively light, but abundantly strong to with- 
 stand the strain of any load of manure that it is 
 possible to put onto a spreader. By successfully 
 sustaining the load the steel frame keeps the 
 various operating parts of the spreader in cor- 
 rect alignment, enabling every part to work to 
 the maximum of its efficiency, thereby reducing 
 friction and draft to a minimum. 
 
 Roller Bearings Used on the Rear Axle 
 
 Self-aligning roller bearings are used on the Low Cloverleaf, thereby greatly lessening the wear 
 and strain on the spreader and making the draft lighter. These roller bearings require practically 
 no adjustment. The rollers move easily within the boxes and are held in place by washers. They 
 are first put into the boxes, then the washers are placed over the ends and bent over. The rollers 
 are thus held in their proper place, but have room to turn freely and give an easy motion to the 
 axle. There is no unnecessary friction. 
 
 In order to insure that the rollers always operate in a sufficient quantity of grease, the boxes 
 have been provided with hard oil grease cups. This keeps the grease clean, and the roller bearings 
 always have a sufficient quantity of grease on them to prevent heating, and keep friction at a 
 minimum. 
 
 A Solid Steel Rear Axle 
 Will Hold, the Weight of the Heaviest Load of Manure 
 
 The rear axle is the real burden bearer of the spreader. A large percentage of the weight of 
 the load is on it, which it in turn transmits to the steel wheels. 
 
 This is only one half of its job, however, for it receives its tractive power from the wheels and 
 transmits it to the apron and beater-driving mechanism. It is truly the burden bearer of the Low 
 Cloverleaf spreader, but it never fails to perform its task. 
 
 And here is the reason why. The axle is made of high-grade steel, and is two inches in 
 diameter. The driving parts with one exception are key seated to the axle. The key-seating 
 method not only adds strength to the axle, but holds the driving parts firmly in position making it 
 possible to remove them easily and quickly when occasion demands. 
 
 18 
 
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 The Narrow Trucks and Fifth Wheel Prevent Side 
 Strain and Tongue Lashing 
 
 The front trucks on the Low 
 Cloverleaf are especially adapt- 
 able to traveling over rough 
 ground, and for top dressing 
 young crops, such as corn or 
 other crops planted in rows. 
 The trucks straddle the row, 
 but because of their narrow 
 tread, very little side jerking 
 occurs. This practically elimin- 
 ates all tongue lashing. You 
 have seen horses with their 
 front legs and shoulders bruis- 
 ed and cut by being struck by 
 the front end of the tongue 
 when they have been used on 
 wide, front truck spreaders. 
 The Low Cloverleaf saves your 
 horses this pounding. 
 
 Then, too, the Low Clover- 
 leaf front trucks relieve the 
 spreader from severe side strain, 
 due to the front wheels dropping into ruts or passing over obstructions. 
 
 The fifth wheel plays an important part in preventing side strain. It is composed of two steel 
 plates, the lower plate having the axle brackets on its under side. These brackets permit the axle to 
 move up and down with the wheels as they conform to the surface irregularities on one side or the 
 other. Thus the even balance of the box and load is not affected. The frame is relieved of side 
 strain which insures longer life and better service from the Low Cloverleaf spreader. 
 
 By means of the "U" shaped tongue connection with the long 
 king bolt, the pull of the load is straight from the steel frame 
 
 The Pull of the Load is Straight from the Frame 
 
 The front truck on the Low Cloverleaf is exceptionally strong and is steel throughout. It is con- 
 nected to the main frame by a heavy channel steel bar, and by a three-inch flat bar, V-shaped, which 
 is really an extension of the frame itself. By means of a U-shaped malleable casting the tongue pulls 
 mainly on the front channel bar, part of the draft, however, being transferred to the long king bolt, 
 and so to the axle of the trucks. In this way the trucks simply carry their share of the load, but the 
 pull is straight from the frame and load. This not only does not worry the horses, but naturally 
 lightens the draft because there is no tendency to lift the load such as there is when the tongue is 
 attached to the axle and all the pull is from the axle. 
 
 19 
 
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 All Steel Wheels are Used on the Low Cloverleaf 
 
 The rear wheels are the source of tractive power. The job which they have to perform is no 
 small one. They must carry the load, and at the same time provide the power to move the manure 
 back gradually to the beater and keep the beater revolving against the manure. 
 
 A glance at the Low Cloverleaf spreader wheels will convince the most skeptical that they are 
 well able to perform their task. 
 
 The rims of the rear wheels are 5 -/+ inches wide, are inwardly flanged, which make them 
 especially adapted for use on sod and soft ground and for top dressing cultivated fields. 
 
 The spokes of both the rear and front wheels are large and oval, and are cast into the hubs. 
 They are upset in the rims to prevent them from buckling. They are full size where they pass 
 through the rim and are then riveted solidly on the outside of the rims. This construction makes 
 a wheel that is practically indestructible. 
 
 The rear wheels are provided with Z-shaped lugs, by which the wheels secure a firm grip 
 when traveling on slippery ground, and do not cause unnecessary jarring when moving over rough 
 ground. The great advantage of the Z-shaped lug is that one lug receives the weight of the load 
 before the preceding lug releases it. 
 
 The rims of the front wheels are A y A inches wide. The front wheels also are entirely of steel, 
 being made the same as the rear wheels. The tread of the front wheels is only 28 1 -' inches. 
 
 The Differentials on the Rear Wheels Keep the Spreader 
 
 Operating on the Turns 
 
 The differentials used on the rear wheels on the Low Cloverleaf are similar to the differentials 
 
 used on the hub of a mower wheel. They allow 
 one wheel to hold the pivot while making a turn 
 without the motion of the beater or the movement 
 of the apron being stopped. As a result, the Low 
 Cloverleaf distributes the manure evenly on all the 
 turns, just as evenly when turning one way as when 
 turning the other. 
 
 The differentials also by keeping the machine 
 in operation prevent lodging of the manure against 
 the beater, and thus overcomes the tendency of 
 clogging the beater on the turns and of throwing 
 an extra heavy strain on the operating mechanism 
 when the turn is completed. 
 
 On the Low Cloverleaf the differentials take 
 up very little room. They are on the outside of 
 the wheel hubs where they do not interfere with 
 any other mechanism. Then they are made of 
 malleable iron and are therefore very strong, but 
 small and compact. They fit right in close over 
 the hubs, having sprockets or prongs which set in 
 between the spoke flanges on the hubs. 
 20 
 
 The steel wheels insure a length of service from 
 the spreader that no other wheels will give 
 
The No. 5 Low Cloverleaf spreader is adapted to small and medium sized farms 
 
 Abundant Tractive Power is Furnished by the Rear Axle 
 
 and the Heavy Rear Wheels 
 
 All spreaders will work under fair conditions, at least for a time. The spreader that you want 
 is one that will work under adverse conditions, because the average farmer is not always able to 
 choose the conditions under which the manure will be hauled. Frequently the weather is bad 
 and the soil soft. If the tractive power of the spreader is not sufficient to throw off the load 
 under such conditions, if the wheels slide in the soft soil, you are up against it good and hard. 
 
 The Low Cloverleaf is built to overcome such a difficulty, and does it. The rear axle is placed 
 well forward under the spreader and carries a sufficient percentage of the weight of the load so that 
 the axle and wheels combined insure abundant tractive power for practically all spreading conditions. 
 
 The spreader must not only carry the load of manure which will average about a ton, often 
 much more, but at the same time it must move the load slowly back to the beater and run the beater 
 fast enough and steadily enough to tear the manure to shreds. With this understanding it is plain 
 to see why so much power must be built into the rear axle, the rear wheels, and the apron and 
 beater-driving parts. Ask the owner of a Low Cloverleaf how his spreader acts on soft ground. 
 His answer will convince you that the spreader you want is the Low Cloverleaf. 
 
 Low Cloverleaf Manure Spreader in Two Sizes 
 
 In order that the Low Cloverleaf may be adapted to the entire range of farming activities, it is 
 manufactured in two sizes, the No. 5 and the No. 6. 
 
 The No. 5, which is the smaller spreader, has box dimensions as follows: Depth 15 inches 
 width 45 inches, length 104 inches. 
 
 The No. 6 is of the same depth and width as the No. 5, but the length of the box is 1 24 inches. 
 
 The narrow tread and box is retained in both sizes. This makes the Low Cloverleaf spreader 
 exceptionally convenient to handle and operate. The idea of making them narrow is that they may 
 be driven through narrow gates, or into stables to be loaded directly from the stable. They are also 
 convenient for driving into small yards and getting into corners. When in the field the load is held 
 compact, making for light draft. 
 
 Remember in both sizes of the Low Cloverleaf that while the box is only 45 inches wide, the 
 spread of the manure is 1 feet. 
 
 21 
 
A Gold Mine in the Barnyard 
 
 If we could persuade the boys on the farm that there is a gold mine in the barnyard, we would 
 have no trouble to get them to haul out the manure, clean up the yard, and make everything spick 
 and span. Now the fact is that there is a gold mine in every barnyard ; or, if we prefer to call it so, 
 a silver mine in any case, a mine of real worth. We are going to prove it to you. 
 
 A cow — and for the purpose of this article we call 1,000 pounds of animal a cow — voids five 
 tons of manure during the six months of winter, providing she is properly fed with what she wants 
 to eat. The value of the manure depends upon the nature of the feed she consumes. Manure made 
 from oat straw would not be worth a great deal except for its value in improving the physical 
 condition of the soil to which it is applied. Manure made from wheat straw would be worth less. 
 Manure made from hay would be worth less than that made from a mixture 
 Manure worth of hay and grain. But averaging it all up, a ton of manure is worth about 
 
 $2.50 per ton $2.50 on the basis of the commercial fertilizers that would have to be sup- 
 
 plied to take its place. 
 There is no question about this figure. Experiment stations have tested it out over and over 
 again. And this is the result. If grains advance in price, then manure advances in value. If they 
 fall in price, then the average value of the manure falls in the same proportion, but at average prices 
 each ton of manure made on the farm is worth at least $2.50. 
 
 A very large per cent of the value of manure is in the liquid portions, and on the average farm 
 this is largely wasted. It is not necessarily so. The farmer has plenty of straw and other waste that 
 could be used as absorbents and take up the greater portion of the liquids 
 and thus get their full value, or nearly so. The time will come, and has 
 already for a large number of farmers, when we will have in our stables con- 
 crete gutters leading into cisterns into which this liquid portion will run, and 
 will be pumped out on the manure heaps or sprinkled on to the soil, and 
 thus saved. 
 
 Liquid manure 
 of great value. 
 Largely wasted 
 
 The No. 6 Low Cloverleaf will haul the manure on a large farm with a gain in time and labor for the owner 
 
 22 
 
:ie^sdi:c 
 
 i:o@o:i 
 
 ]:o@o:r. 
 
 Manure does 
 most good on 
 meadow or 
 pasture land 
 
 Even outside of this liquid manure, we do not get more than half the value of the manure on 
 the average farm. Probably it is not possible to get all the value out of it, but we make some 
 suggestions. There is no need of any loss in the value of manure or waste of any animals kept in 
 the stables, and especially with those farmers who own manure spreaders. When he cleans out 
 his stable, he could just as well throw the load into the spreader as out into the open yard, and 
 when he has a load he can hitch up and take it out to the field and spread it. The question arises 
 — what field? Your pasture or meadow, of course. This applies to the manure of horses as well 
 as of cows, and there is no reason why, except in the most severe weather, the daily yield of manure 
 should not be put out on the meadow or pasture within twenty-four hours. Under these conditions 
 if the liquid portions have been largely absorbed, the waste is practically nothing. 
 
 Someone will say why not apply it to green crops, why not wait and apply 
 it to corn — simply because the very best place on which you can put manure 
 is on pasture or meadow land. We are told by a good many agricultural 
 papers and teachers that this is all right for flat land, but on hilly land there 
 will be an enormous waste. This does not hold true. Of course, rains will 
 come and wash out some of the soluble portions, but if you watch closely 
 you will see from the discoloration that very little of it gets off the farm. 
 The waste from washing on rolling land is only a mere fraction of the waste that comes from 
 lying in a pile in the yard. 
 
 When you see the manure pile smoking, you may know that you are losing the value out of the 
 manure. When you smell ammonia in the stable, you know there is waste going on — waste which 
 can very easily be checked by using gypsum, which is cheap and can be kept handy. The worst 
 thing you can do with manure is to throw it out through the stable door under the eaves and let 
 the rains wash out everything except the coarsest poorest materials. 
 
 The loss of manure depends to a considerable extent on the way you feed 
 your live stock We have known men to build hay sheds in which to store 
 their hay, and then put sheds around them, feeding their cattle in these 
 sheds, and letting them tramp the manure into a solid mass. This could 
 stand until summer with very little waste. But the only thing to do with the 
 open shed is to haul out the manure every day if you can, or as fast as you 
 can, and under no circumstances allow it to remain from spring to fall. This 
 means inevitable waste. 
 Let us figure the value of manure from twenty cows. We state at the beginning of this article 
 that the average cow of 1,000 pounds weight voids five tons of manure in the six months of winter. 
 This makes a total from twenty cows of 1 00 tons of manure. We also stated that the value of this 
 manure per ton is $2.50, so during the six months of winter, we have obtained manure to the value 
 of $250. Now this applied to the land daily, or as the weather permits, or before any heating or 
 leaching has occurred, will mean several times $250 in crop returns. 
 
 The time is coming when we may have to feed cattle for the manure. A good many farmers 
 do that now. When it comes to that, we shall see the absolute necessity for taking care of this by- 
 product, which is about the only real profit many farmers have in feeding cattle. 
 
 Adapted from Wallace's Farmer. 
 
 Use gypsum on 
 the manure piles. 
 It prevents 
 fermentation 
 and heating 
 
 23 
 
■'•■ . / . 
 
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 EAU CLAIRE. WIS. 
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