VISITORS U.S. GUIDE to the MINT PHILADELPHIA THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY SITY OF 焦 ​REGENT'S MINNESOTA CLASS BOOK Sm 332.46 51 From life by Draper very truely Your's David M Fox On steel by John Sartain, Phil COPYRIGHT SECURPO VISITOR'S GUIDE OF THE and HISTORY UNITED STATES MINT, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Elaborately Illustrating each Department, the Business Routine, all Scientific and Mechanical Operations in every Stage of the Work, the Wonderful Machinery, Rare Coins, Relics, and Curios in the Cabinet. Current Coins of the World, Colonial and Continental Currency, Ancient Greece and Rome. WITH OVER 1900 FINE ENGRAVINGS AND FULL DESCRIPTIONS. Biography, History, Statistics, Instruction, Entertainment. Valuations of Current Coins, Domestic and Foreign, with much information for the Business Man, Student, and General Reader. PUBLISHED BY A. M. SMITH, NUMISMATIST, PHILADELPHIA, PA. Copyrighted, 1885. INDEX-CONTENTS. 16 Ancient Coins, 10, 23, 27 180 to 174 For Countries and Foreign Coins, see Index of Illustrations. Adjusting Room, Alloying and Alloys, PAGE 11 Presses, Hand PAGE PAGE → Engine, The Mint Engraving Process, 28, 80 24 Fineness of Coins, 41 to 63 Medal Perfected 28 20 Ancient Minting, 32 to 35 First Money Known, 33 "L Rolling 11, 12 Annapolis Coins, 65, 67 Fifty Dollar Piece, 45 Prices, Rare Coins 41 to 78 Annealing, 12 Five Cent Coins, U. S. 57 Primitive Coining, 32 to 35 Assay Offices, U. S. 29 Baltimore Pieces, 65, 67 Bar Cent, 69 Five Dollar Coins, U.S. 41 to 45 Five Dollars, Private, 57, 59 Foreign Coins, Valuation "Proof" sets, 24, 28 Barber, Charles E. 32 80 to 83, 175, 176 Punches, Roman Quartation, Quarter Dollars, g 33, 34 27 59 Bechtler's Gold Coins, 57 Fox, Hon. D. M. 32, 37 to 41 แ " S 49 to 55 Biography, 37 to 41 "Fugio" Cent, 78 66 Eagles, 41 to 45 Booby Head Cent, 61 Gobrecht, Artist, 51 Rare U. S. Coins, 41 to 78 Books, on Coins, 79 Gold, 6, 30 Reeding, 21 Booth, James Curtis 32 Gold Assay, 27 Refining, 10 Brasher's Doubloon, 71 Gold Coins, Foreign S5 to 7 Ring Money, 32 Cabinet, Mint 23, 24 Gold Coins, U. S. 41 to 47 Riitenhouse, David 9, 31 California Coins, 45, 57, 59 Gold Coins, Private 24, 57 Rolling Rooin, 11, 12 Cellars, Mint 28 Granby Coppers, 65 Roman Coining, 33, 34 Cents, 30, 59 to 78 Greek Coins, Ancient 130 to 147 Roman History, 149 to 169 Cents, Half 63 Chain Cent, 60 Greek Coins, History 131 to 143 Half Cents, | Roman Coins, An'ct 143 to 169 63 Rooms, Adjusting 16 Chalmer's Coins, 66, 67 Half Dimes, 49 to 55 แ Cleaning 18 Cleaning Process, 18 Half Dismes, 30 " Coining 16 to 23 Clinton Copper, 71 Half Dollars, 47 to 55 Deposit Weighing 7 Cobb, Mark, 32 Half Dollars, g 57 Engraving 24 Coin Books, 79 Half Eagles, 41 General Weighing 5 Coin Cabinet, 23 to 24 Hammer and Punch, 33 to 56 Melting 9, 10 Coin, Changes 55 to 63 Hand Press Coining, แ Rolling 11, 12 Coining, Ancient 32, 33, 35 28, 30, 33, 35 Separating 28 Coining, Mediæval 34 History Philada. Mint, 29 "Rosa Americana, 67, 69 Coining Presses, 18, 35 "Immunis Columbia, 47 Savings, 11 Coining Punches, 33, 34 "In God We Trust, 53 Scales, 6.7 Coining Room, 16 to 23 Information, General 29 Separating metals, 28 Coins, Ancient 130 to 174 Ingots, Coins and Coining, 32 to 36 Jewisli Coins, Ancient 11, 30 Seyss Weighing Machine, 170 | Shekels. 21 170 Coins, Colonial 63 to 78 Kentucky Coins, 77 Siege Money, 24 Coins, Continental 71 to 78 Lettered-edge Coins, 47, 61 Silly Head Cent, 51 Coins, Copper 59 to 63 Maryland Coins, 65 Silver, 7,30 Coins, Foreign 85 to 128 Master Pieces, 24 Silver Assay, 27 Coins, Georgia 57 Massachusetts Coins, 75 Silver Coins, Foreign 85 to 127 Coins, Jewish 170 "Maternal" Dies, 26 Silver Coins, U. S. 3), 47 to 55 Coins, Mediæval 171 to 174 Maundy Money, 24 Silver Table, 83, 83, 175, 176 Coins, Miner's Bank 57 McClure, R. A. 32 Silver Pennies, 24 Coins, Mormon 59 Mediæval History, 174 Sommer Island," 63 Coins, N. C. 57 Mediæval Coins, 171 to 174 Standard Weights, 7.9 Coins, Nickel 55, 57 Melting and Refining, 9, 10 Steam Coining, 19, 30, 35 Coins, Private 57, 59 Melting Rooms, 9 Steel, William S. 32 Coins, UJ. S. 30, 41 to 78 Mill and Screw, 34 Striking Medals, 28 Coins, Unauthorized 57, 59 Milling and Machine, 17 Strips, Metal 11 to 16 Colonial Coins, 63 to 79 Mint, Middle Ages, 35 Substitutes for Money, 32 "Colonies Francoises, 69 Mint, Philadelphia 6 to 32 Sup't'd'ts Phila. Mint, 31, 32, 37 Connecticut Coins, 73 Mints of the U. S. 24, 29 Sweepings, 28 Continental Coins, 71 to 78 Money Substitutes, 32 Tables, Value 81, 84, 175, 176 Continental Currency, 77 Morgan, George T. 32 Ten Dollars. 57 Copper Coins, 59 to 63 Mormon Coins, 59 Ten Dollars, U. S. 45 Counting Boards, 22 Moulds and Ingots, 11 Three Cents, s and b, 53 Counting Coins, 22 N. G. & N. Coin, 57 Three Dollars, g, 17 Cowries, 32 New England Coin, 65 Tokens, 71, 73, 75, 77 Cuppellation, 27 New Jersey Coin, 67 Transfer Lathe, 26 Curiosities, Cabinet 23, 24 New York Coin, 71 Twenty l'ents, 55 Current Value Tables, Newby's Coin, 67 Twenty Dollars, g, 45, 57, 59 80 to 83, 175, 176 | Nickel Coin, 57 Two Cents, 59 Cutting Presses, Deposit Weighing Room, 7 Deposit Melting Room, Deposits, Directors Philada. Mint, 31, 33 Die Making and Dies, 14 to 16 "Non Dependens Status," 69 U. S. Coins, 41 to 78 "Nova Eborac," 71 U. S. Mints, 24 to 29 9 Numismatic Works, 79 Value Tables, 81, 84, 175, 176 6, 7 Officials, Philada. Mint 28, 32 Vaults, Mint 7, 28 One-Cent Pieces, 59 to 78 Vermont Coins, 73 24 Overstrikes, 51 to 63 Virginia Coins, 69 Dimes, 49, 51 | Pattern Pieces, 59, 60 Dismes, 30, 49, 53 Pennies, U. S. 63 to 78 Dollars, 45, 47, 53 Pennies, Silver, 24 Washington Pieces, Washington, President Weights, 75 to 77 29 7,9 Draw Benches, 14 Philada. U. S. Mint, 5 to 40 Weighing Rooms, Deposit 7 Du Bois, Patterson 32 Pine Tree Shilling, 65 เ General 6 Duplicating Dies, 26 Planchets, 14, 21 System, 6, 7, 21 Eagles, 24, 30, 41 to 45 Premium Coins, 41 to 78 Wells, of Mint, Eckfeldt, Jacob B. 32 Presses, Coining 18, 20, 35 Widow's Mite, 28 24, 170 "Elephant" Coins, 67 Employees Phila. Mint, 28, 32 Cutting First Steam 14 to 16 Wreath Cent, 60 30 Yard, Mint 6 Sufi 332.46 Sm51 INDEX-ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Africa (Liberia) s 87 Miscal, s. Allegorical Plate 129 Moidore, g For any particular denomination of coins, see under COINS. Initial letters; g, indicates gold; s, silver; b, base, this embracing all coins struck in metal other than gold or silver. PAGE 116 Monaco, Italy g and s 87, 119 Money, Ingot s PAGE 109 92 Algiers, g 117 Ore, s and b America, U. S. g, s and b Pagoda, s 30, 44, 46, 48 Papetto, s Ancient Greek Coins, 131 to 147 Jewish 170 Para, s Penebat, s 89 94 Mormon Coinage 101 Morocco, g and s 107 Moulds and Ingot, N. G. & N. Eagle, 56 113, 116 11 56 117 เC " Roman 149 to 169 Stamps and Dies,33,34 | Penny & Pence, s and b 99, 100 Pesetas, s Netherlands, gands New England Coins 104. 105 64, 70 122 Newfoundland, s 102 Annealing Furnaces, 13 Peso, g and s 85, 109, 111, New Granada, s 114 Automatic Weigher 21 112, 114, 118 Nickel Cents, 62 Baden, g and s 97 Pfennig, s 97 Norway, s 115 Bavaria, s 97 Phoenix, s 103 Pennies, U. S. 64 to 72 Belgium, s 88 Piastre, g and s 123, 126 Perforated Strip, 16 Bolivia, s 87 Pistole, g 124 Persia, g and s 116, 17 Brazil, g Burmali, s California Coins, 87 Real, s and b 87, 112, 118, Peru, s 118 96 122, 123 Portugal, g 119 Cabinet, The Mint 25 Reis, g 87 Presses, 15, 16, 20, 35 44, 56 Rider, g 104 Prussia, 97 Cambodia, s 89 Rouble, Platina, g and s Refining and Melting, 10 Canada, 's 102 120, 121, 122 Rolling Machine, 12, 13 Casting Ingots, 10 Rupee, gands 96, 101, 102, Roman Coins, 149 to 169 Cents, Colonial 106, 116 Roumania, s 96 Cents, F'gn s 85, 87, 96, 102, 105 Scudo, s 107 Rome, Italy, s 107 Cents, U. S. A. 58, 62, 66 to 74 Sen, s 110 Rooms, Cabinet 25 Chili, g 90 Sequin, g 117 66 Cleaning 18 China, g and s 91, 92 Shilling, s 100 66 Coining 19 Cleaning Room, 18 Skilling, s 94, 115 66 Coining Presses, 20, 35 Sol, s 118 Coining Punches, 33, 34 Sovereign, g 98 Deposit Weighing 8 General Weighing 6 Rosa Americana Pennies 66 Coining Room, 19 Sovereign' d'Or, g 85 Cochin-China, (French), s 96 Stiver, s 101, 105 Coins, Ancient 129 to 174 Sucre, s 114 Russia, P, g and s 120, 121, 122 San Francisco Coinage 44, 56 Sandwich Islands, s 127 COINS, Foreign 85 to 128 Taci, g and s 91, 92 Shekels, 170 Anna, b 101 Testoon, g 107, 119 Servia, s 89 Baiocchi, s and b 107 Thaler, s 86 Seyss Weighing Machine, 21 Bani, s + 96 Tical, s 89 Siam, s 85 Batzen, s Boliver, s Boliviano, s Buntagui, g Centavo, s and b Centime, s and b Christian d'Or, g Copeck, s and b Crown, s Crusado, g Daler, Species, s Dime, s Dinar, s and b Dobra, g 125 Yen, g and s 110, 113 Sicily, Italy, s 108 87 Colombia, U. S. of g 109 Sommer Island Brass, 64 87, 127 Coppers, Colonial 66 to 74 Spain, s 122, 123 113 Counting Board, 22 112, 114 Cutting Press, 15, 16 Stamps, Ancient 33, 34, 35 Standard Troy Weights 9 88, 95. 102 Denmark, g and s 93, 94 Sweden, s 115 Cents, sand b 85, 87, 96, 102, 105 Deposit Weighing Room 8 Switzerland, g and s 124, 125 93 Dies, 24, 33 Tokens, Colonial and U. S. 74 121 Dismes, 30 Tripoli, g 117 94, 99 Drawing Bench, 14 Tunis, g 117 119 East Indies (British), s 101, 102 Turkey, g 126 115 66 (Holland), s 106 U. S. A., Coins 30, 40 to 62 110, 127 Ecuador, s 114 Early Coinages, 30, 44, 46, 48 89 Egypt, g 126 Cents, b 58, 62 87, 119 Fifty Dollars, Cal. 44 Cents, Half b 62 Dollar, Rigs, s 94 Fox, Hon. D. M. Frontispiece Dollars, Various s 46, 48 66 Rix, s 101 France, s 95, 96 Bland 5-1 Specie Rigs, s Trade, s Two g 94 Furnaces, U. S. Mint 10, 13 แ Trade 54, 110 110 General Weighing Room 9 l's, 2's and 3's, s 44 102 Germany, g and s 97 เ Hálf, s 46, 48 Doubloon, g ands 90, 109, 111 | Drachima, g and s 103 G't Britain, g and s 98 to 102 Greece, g and s Quarter, s 48 103 Dimes, s Ducat, g 85, 93, 104, 108. 120, 124 Escudo, g 109, 119 Greek Coins, Ancient 131 to 147 Half-Cents, b Half, s 46.38 50, 54 62 Dismes, s 30 Ecu, s Fanam, s 125 Hamburg, s 97 Eagles,g 42. 44 101 Hayti, s 102 Double 44 Florin, gands 85, 86, 99, 104, 105 Franc, gands 88, 39, 95, 109, 125 Hawii, s 127 66 Half 42, 41 Hessen, s 97 Quarter 42 Fred'k d'Or, g Gourde, s Guilden, s 93, 124 Holland, g and s 104, 105, 106 | Five cents, b 58 102 Honduras, s 85 Three cents, s and b 54, 58 106 Ingot and Moulds 11 Twenty cents, s 54 Guilder, s Guinea, g Imperial, g Ingot Money, s Kreutzer, s Kroner, s Lei, s Leu, s Lepta, s Lire, s 105 Italy, g and s 107, 108, 109, 110 Two cents, b 58 98 Japan, g and s 113, 128 U. S. Colombla, g 109 120 Jewish Coins, Ancient 170 Unauthorized Coinages, 92 Liberia, s 87 Venezuela, s 56 87, 127 86 Mediæval Coins, 171 to 474 Washington Pieces, 68, 74 94 Melting and Refining 10 Weighing Machine, Seyss 21 96 Mexico, g and s 111, 112 Weighing Room, Deposit 8 96 Milling Machine, 17 Weighing Room, General 6 103 Miner's Bank, Cal. Coins 56 Weights, Standard Troy 9 108 Mint, Philadelphia 5 Widow's Mite, 170 Mark, g 07 Mint, Mediævál 35 Wurtemburg, s 97 1-22-40 meir grocy 932818 VISITOR'S GUIDE -TO THE- PHILADELPHIA U. S. MINT. The special object of this volume is implied in its title. The author has for years furnished a work of somewhat similar character; in the light of past experience and observation he has entirely re-written the book with a view to giving visitors, first, full information as to the operations they witness and the depart- ments into which they are introduced; next, a detailed account of all matters directly connected with this institution and the money of the United States, and finally a general summary of the world's coinage. The first portion is so brief, that it can be read while watching the routine, manipulation and machinery by which the various metals are converted into bright coin, yet so comprehensive, and so graphically illustrated, that one who never visits the city or Mint may become fully acquainted with its workings, the whole being a great aid to the visitor, a pleasant reminder ever after, and most interesting, instructive reading at all times. The general infor- mation is not only valuable, but entertaining, care having been taken to avoid all technicalities, tabulated figures, statistics, financial essays, extracts from official documents, and other dry- as-dust book-making material, valueless to the general public and changing every twelve months, or more frequently. Visitors to the Mint desire A GUIDE, bright, intelligent, clear, and interesting, as such, this work is presented, and, the pub- lisher believes, entirely fulfils its mission. Philadelphia, Pa. Respectfully, A. M. S. E 4 On stel by John. Sertam, Phi COPYRIGHT SECURED 1886 DIRECTOR OF THE MINT JAMES PUTNAM KIMBALL, PH. D. The title "Director of the Mint,” inadequately indicates either the importance or the varied and responsible functions of that office. The officer bearing this modest designation is the Director of all the establishments having any connection with United States coinage, ten different institutions being under his charge and jurisdiction, instead of a single mint, as literally implied by the statutory title. The Bureau of the Mint of the Treasury Department of the United States, at Washington, D. C., is the general executive division of the mint estab- lishments of the nation, including also the several U. S. Assay Offices. Four mints, of the five existing, are now equipped for coinage. Of these, three are in active operation, the Mint at Carson City, Nevada, being at present closed; while the institution at Denver which has never yet been prepared to coin money, is conducted as an Assay Office. The Mint at Philadelphia, prior to the Coinage Act of 1873, was styled the U. S. Mint, and was under personal supervision of the Director. The others, at New Orleans, La.; Charlotte, N. C.; Dahlonega, Ga.; San Francisco, Cal.; and Carson City, Nev., were all called Branch Mints of the United States. Assay Offices were established in New York, 1854; Denver, Col., 1864; Boise City, Idaho, 1872; Helena, Montana, 1874; St. Louis, Mo., 1881. The Mint at Charlotte, N. C. coined money from 1836 until closed by the Civil War. Its minting equipment being then removed has never been replaced and its business has since been that of an Assay Office. From 1838 to 1861, coins were struck at the Dahlonega establishment, and in 1871 the property passed out of the hands of the government. The Coinage Act of 1873, established the Bureau of the Mint as a division of the Treasury Department. It also placed the Mint at Philadelphia, Pa., under the immediate supervision of a Superintendent, as in the case of all the other mints. The functions of the Bureau of the Mint are fully prescribed by the Re- vised Statutes, and further indicated by special provisions of subsequent appropriation acts, such, for instance, as relate to the collection of statistics of the production of the precious metals of the United States. The officer at the head of these widely scattered establishments, Dr. James Putnam Kimball, was one of the appointments made by President JAMES PUTNAM KIMBALL. Cleveland which called forth heartiest endorsement from those who best knew the man, who were fittest able to judge of his peculiar adaptability for the high position, and, who most fully understood the nature of his duties. He received his call to the post late in June, 1885. In its issue of July 4th, The Engineering and Mining Journal of New York, that high authority, says: "It has rarely happened that the government has made an appointment so generally satisfactory, and there is no doubt Dr. Kimball's work will jus- tify the general congratulations that his appointment has brought to the government." A biographical sketch of the officer referred to necessarily calls for some mention of his ancestry. Inquiry develops such remarkable and note- worthy incidents in connection with the Kimball blood, so long and honorably identified with our land and nation that regret must be expressed at the brevity with which space requires they shall be stated. On the tenth day of April, 1634 (old style) Richard Kimball (Kemball), then aged 39 years, with several members of his family, embarked at Ipswich, County of Suffolk, England, in the ship ELIZABETH, William Andrews, Mas- ter; and sailed for America and New England, landing at Ipswich, Massa- chusetts. The young man who was to found a family of freemen, first settled at Watertown, on the borders of Cambridge, and in Dr. Bond's map of that town, his homestead is noted as a tract of six acres. In Robert S. Rantoul's "Memoir of James Kimball," Essex Institute, Salem, Mass., in "The Joseph Kimball Family," by John Kimball, A.M., Concord, N. H., 1885, and in the history of the early days of our country many interesting and quaint reminiscences of this ancestry, paternal and ma- ternal are recorded. Dr. Kimball's great grandfather, William Russell, was found to be a true American, when came the times for noble action. As a "Son of Liberty " he took part in the first overt act of the Revolution, in the destruction of the cargo of tea in Boston Harbor. When hostilities broke out he fought the British and Hessians on sea and land. As Adjutant of the Massachusetts Artillery he par- ticipated in the Rhode Island campaign of 1777-78. Afterwards, while secre- tary to Commander John Manley on the U. S. war vessel, JASON he was captured by the enemy's frigate SURPRISE, and suffered the horrors of Mill Prison until June 24th, 1782, when liberated through exchange. His journal written during those terrible days, has been published by his grandson, and from it we learn that while in durance, he still fought on the side of liberty and enlightenment, by establishing a school and teaching his fellow-prisoners. A few days after his release he was again on the water fighting for the right. Again he was captured and tortured once more in the infamous prison-ship JERSEY. Hon. James Kimball, father of the subject of this sketch was a prominent and most honored citizen, of Salem, Mass. Up to within a short time pre- vious to his death, in 1883, he was presiding member of the Board of County Commissioners, having been continuously elected to that responsible office for } JAMES PUTNAM KIMBALL. some twenty years. He served several terms in the legislature of Massa- chusetts, and as alderman of his native city. During the civil war, when politics and feelings ran high, he occupied the post of Chairman of the Essex County Republican Committee. In the Masonic fraternity also he was con- spicuous and wore the honors of its highest grade. His historical and anti- quarian papers prepared for the Essex Institute, and which exhibit research and ability, are greatly prized and very valuable, JAMES PUTNAM KIMBALL, the present Director of the Mint, born at Salem, Mass., April 26, 1836, is the only son of the late James Kimball. His education after completing the curriculum at the High School of his native city was advanced by attendance successively at Harvard, the University of Friedrich Wilhelm, Berlin; George Augusta University, Goettingen, and the School of Mines at Freiberg, in Saxony. From his Gottin- gen ALMA MATER, in 1857, he received the degree of A. M., Artium Magister; and PH. D., Philosophia Doctor. He returned from Europe in 1859, and was soon after engaged upon the Geological Survey of the states of Wisconsin and Illinois, under leadership of that able geologist, Prof. J. D. Whitney, now of Harvard University. When about twenty-three years of age, in 1860, Dr. Kimball accepted the chair of Chemistry and Economic Geology in the then recently established New York State Agricultural College at Ovid, since merged in Cornell University. Here he was engaged when the civil war broke out. The president of the college, Gen. Marsena R. Patrick, a graduate of the Military Academy at West Point, and a veteran of the Mexican and Florida campaigns, took the field as Brigadier General of United States Volunteers, and in April, 1861, Dr. Kimball, commissioned by President Lincoln Assistant Adjutant General U. S. Volunteers, with the rank of Captain, became his Chief of Staff. Continuously, first in the Army of The Rappahannock under General McDowell, then in the Armies operating against Richmond, Captain Kimball discharged the duties assigned to him, act- ively participating in the battles of South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Groveton, Manassas, Chantilly, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and in many minor engagements. After the battle of Antietam, General Patrick, having been appointed Provost-Marshal- General of the Armies operating against Richmond, this officer along with his own staff became part of the General Staff of the Army of the Potomac. Capt. Kimball thus served on the staff, successively, of JAMES PUTNAM KIMBALL. Generals McClellan, Burnside, Hooker and Meade, until that army, in December, 1862, went into winter quarters, when the state of his health, much impaired by camp life, obliged him to resign. In 1863 he received the Brevet of Major. Dr. Kimball then established himself in the city of New York, and entered upon the practice of his profession as a geologist and mining engineer, quickly acquiring a valuable connection and an increasing clientage. He has been forced into conspicuous notice as one particularly identified with the development of the mineral resources of the United States, professional duties and commissions having called him to most of the mining regions of the Union and beyond its borders, into Canada, Mexico and the West Indies. In 1873, Dr. Kimball married. It is rather singular that his wife's great grandfather, Colonel Michael Farley, of Ipswich, was, along with her husband's forefather, also one of the thirty brave Sons of Liberty who formed the Boston Tea Party on the 16th of December, 1773. Dr. Kimball accepted the honorary chair of Geology in the Lehigh University at Bethlehem, Penna., in 1873. There he has continuously made his home, retaining however, his business and professional connections in New York city, his reputation in such relations being fully equal to his high social position. His name stands upon the rolls of the Century, Union and other clubs of that city where he is as well known as in Pennsylvania, of which state he is a citizen. At the time of his governmental appointment, he was operating as President of the Everett Iron Company, one of the most extensive blast furnaces in Pennsylvania. He is a well-known writer and acknowledged authority on scientific and technical subjects, many papers from his pen having been published by the scientific journals, and in the proceedings of learned societies, both in his native land and Europe. As Director of the Mint, Dr. Kimball is an eminent illustration of the right man in his proper place. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. Philadelphia has always been the home of the "Parent" Mint of the United States, the first money-coining institution of our govern- ment having been established here in 1792. The Mint of to-day stands on the N. W. Corner of Chestnut and Juniper Streets. As visitors, we mount the many steps of the marble building and, passing through the doorway, halt in a small rotunda vestibule, with seats against its walls, and, standing there, look, in front, directly along a passage or hall way, on the right, into the Cashier's office, and on the left into the Warrent and Clerk's Depart- ment. An Usher, with gentlemanly courtesy advances, and learning that our visit is one of observation immediately starts with us on a tour of the building, conducting us into every portion where it is proper or practicable to admit strangers. As we pass down the hallway direct- ly facing the entrance, we gain sight, through a doorway on the right hand side into the GENERAL WEIGHING ROOM where the immense but perfectly exact scales represented in the cut weigh the bullion at the time it is received and again test the exacti- 5 6 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. tude of all gold and silver coin before delivery. We notice with admiration the ponderous but beautifully graceful balances, which Copyright secured 1885 EILEDFLERT Forgolt GENERAL WEIGHING ROOM. never shirk work or give a false report. This splendid Balance is probably the largest and finest in the world; the beam, of bronze, six feet in length, rests upon an iron column about five feet high; its extreme capacity is 10,000 troy ounces,—about 685 pounds, but such is its sensibility, that even when thus loaded, it exhibits a variation at the one-hundredth part of an ounce; there is no feature of more conspicuous importance to the proper transaction of business in the entire building. It was made by MR. HENRY TROEMNER, of PHILADEL- PHIA, who, for the last quarter of a century has manufactured all the fine scales used by the government for the weighing of precious metals. Now, and treading quickly on the footsteps of our guide, we enter THE YARD or square court. Rising about five feet from the pavement, against the surrounding buildings, are cages formed of heavy latticed wire F 7 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. work, within which are piled, tier upon tier of metal blocks, roughly squared, irregular in size, each stamped with its weight, and looking too dull to be silver, too bright to be lead;—but silver they are, and it is in this shape the bullion is received from the Assay offices. Each "pig" weighs from the 85 to 140 pounds and an average of over two tons a day is melted and coined. A small building on the right was formerly an Office for counting and redemption of copper coins, it is now the quarters of Adam's Express Co. in their connection with U. S. coin transportation. Turning to the left, through the 'windows, we gain a view of THE DEPOSIT WEIGHING ROOM with great scales, strong of pillar and beam, and many large, heavy brass weights. Here all the precious metals are again weighed and the pounds, ounces and grains of each block exactly determined. There can be no mistake with these scales, they are the perfection of precision, the largest will weigh from six thousand ounces to the one-hundredth part of an ounce, the next in size accommodates three thousand ounces at one balancing, and the smallest of all will serve three hundred at a time. The weights are graded from five hundred ounces to five grains, troy, which is sufficiently exact at this stage of the process. The system of weighing and recording which begins in this room is carried out with every transfer of the metal until it is delivered, as coin, to the Cashier, and the slightest discrepancy or deficiency, not accounted for by loss through manipulation is at once detected and located. { On the right of this room is a vault, where, piled from floor to roof, row in front of row, behind a wire screen, are hundreds of small yel- low "bricks,”—gold! Crowded into that small end of the small vault there is in sight from thirty to thirty-five million dollars worth of gold. Twelve of these treasure vaults are in the building, strong as solid masonry, double iron doors, metal linings, and the most thief- thwarting locks can make them. STANDARD WEIGHTS. Troy weight, standard of Great Britain, only is used at this Mint. To trace back the system of weights and measures, the mode of ascer- taining the standard and all matters connected therewith is a most interesting study, impossible to give briefly and too extended for these pages. Cut No. 1, presents exactly, in size and design, the Exchecquer Stand- ard Troy Pound, made a bell-metal, under orders from Queen Eliza- beth. There is no single pound Troy weight of this series, that amount being determined by the 8 oz. and 4 oz. here pictured. In- 1223112 Bu BRONZ FUNMIRULEERI KUU KATERIH KHEL JRELEITHRITI THE DEPOSIT WEIGHING ROOM. 8 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 9 side the four ounce cup smaller weights fit, down to 1 oz. and larger cups receive the 8 oz., until 256 ozs. are reached. The set from which this engraving is taken is yet in fine condition, and until 1824 they N° EL REG XXX L 2 STANDARD ONE POUND TROY TEST WEIGHT. were used to regulate all the weights in the Kingdom. In that year the "Imperial Standards" were substituted, the brass Troy pound of 1758 being declared the only "original and genuine standard; cut No. 2, is a fac simile, in size and every particular of this "parent" pound Troy, now in the Standards Office, London, and it is a dupli- cate of this, in bronze, which is used in the U. S. Mint of Philadelphia, to gauge all the official troy weights of the government. A warm reception is given us in THE DEPOSIT MELTING ROOM, to which the gold goes first after leaving the weighers, in iron boxes, each with two locks. Here four furnaces are glowing with fierce flames in the midst of which are crucibles of plumbago, black-lead pots, in which the precious metal is being reduced to a state of pour- ing fluidity. These crucibles are placed in the furnaces empty, on a stand, which rests upon the grate, and which is filled with common coke-dust to guard against adhesion of the pot to the stand, the fires are lighted and the crucibles gradually heated in order to prevent cracking which might happen if intense flame was at once applied. The metal is introduced while the crucibles are in the furnace, also { 10 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. borax and other "fluxing" materials, a "muffle" of baked clay is then put over each pot, and this again topped with a flat cover made of black lead, with which protection the fire can entirely surround the vessel, and the heat being thus equally distributed, renders the melt- ing uniform, thus insuring a thorough mixture, a most important matter. When sufficiently fluid the contents of each crucible is cast into a bar, which is numbered and a small piece cut from it goes to Pezalt Copyright secured, 1885 ROOMS FOR MELTING AND REFINING. the Assay Department and there, from the sample, is ascertained the proportion of pure metal in the deposit. Following the regular course we next enter the ROOMS FOR MELTING AND REFINING. There are two of these, for silver and gold respectively. The neces、 sary amount of alloy for each lot of either is regulated at the office of this department and sufficient added to bring the bullion up to U. S. Standard for coin, and also to secure the hardness, above that of native metal, necessary for the durability of pieces in circulation. The melting operations are similar to those described, the metal be- ing placed in the crucibles after these have been thoroughly tested in the fire, the large blocks of silver are lowered by means of a crane, chain and hooks. When a proper stage of liquefaction is reached sufficient of the glowing metal is ladled out to fill a crucible, grasped by red hot tongs and from it is poured into moulds whence it emerges as "ingots," small bars, about a foot in length, half an inch in thick- ness, and regulated in width from one to two-and-a-half inches, ac- VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 11 cording to the size of the coin into which they are to be manufactured. They are not unlike large railroad spikes, one end being shaped to permit of its first introduction between the rollers. Here are cast al- so the bars of gold and silver which are bought for fine art and com- INGOT AND MOULDS. mercial use, the weight and value of each being stamped upon it in the deposit room. The gold ingots vary in value from about five hundred dollars to nearly three times that amount. In the melting room for gold and in many other departments the floors are overlaid with hexagon, latticed iron plates, through which fall the small particles of gold that adhere to the shoes of the opera- tives, or are otherwise detached, the sweeping of the floors are care- fully preserved, properly treated to obtain the gold therein and over twenty thousand dollars worth of the precious metal is thus saved annually. The towels, gloves, and water used in cleansing are also made to yield up the yellow grains they have accumulated and these increase the “Savings" account by a very considerable aggregate. On the same side of the building and adjoining these rooms are the seven melting furnaces where copper, nickle and other base metals are pas- sed through the fire, the process is so nearly identical with that des- cribed for gold and silver as to require no special mention. As we move on through the corridor to the next department we pause to look down, through a window, into a large vault-like room in which is THE FAMOUS MINT ENGINE which supplies much of the motive power for the heavy machinery of the establishment; it is a ponderous, beautiful triumph of mechan- ical art, of 160 horse-power, almost noiseless in its working and pos- sessing peculiarities of construction which render it unlike any other; it has steadily done its work for over forty years and is still "good as new." THE ROLLING ROOM, is next entered, and our illustration gives a very clear idea of the en- tire operation. These rollers can be adjusted to produce any thick- ness of "ribbon," and the ingots are passed between the steel surfaces at the rate of 200 an hour, in the process of "breaking down," until they become the proper sized strips from which to cut the "planchets" 1 12 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. that are to receive impressions and become coins. Ten times the gold is passed through the rollers, seven times the silver, and the twelve inch ingot that began, at the last measures six times that length. The immense pressure necessary, heats the large rollers in- tensely, as well as the metal strips which have to be several times annealed in the furnaces, during the process, to prevent brittleness and breaking. ROLLING MACHINE AS SEEN BY THE PUBLIC, THE ANNEALING PROCESS. To soften the elongated ingots, they are, at this stage, once more subjected to the action of fire in the ANNEALING FURNACES. TO To guard against any loss of gold, from abrasion or other cause, the strips are placed in a copper case before being placed in the furnace, the silver strips, backed up to the door of the heated chamber on a bench resting on a high, wheeled truck, are put in without any pro- tective covering. Then the heavy port-holes or doors of the furnaces. are shut, by massive weights, raised or lowered by chains running over grooved wheels; and the metals are subjected to heat from burn- ing oak wood, which alone is used here; until a certain red heat is reached, the exact temperature of which is not known, the ex- perienced eye of the operator detecting the proper moment for re- moval. The bars, when withdrawn, are by chain and crane deposited into a wire basket and lowered into a tank through which constantly flows a stream of clear water, where they remain until cool, and when taken out are sufficiently soft for all further manipulation. The cut. on next page faithfully represents the interior of this department,— one workman looks into the furnace to see if the strips are sufficiently VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 13 ་ ་་་་ ་་་ ་་་་་་ ་་་ COMPLETE ROLLING MACHINE. ་་་་ ་་་ ་་་ ་་་ laas Copyright secured 188s THE ANNEALING FURNACES. ་་་ 14 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. annealed, two others are rolling the bench with a new charge of silver bars, and on the left is the bath in which silver strips are cooling. The time required in annealing the silver strips is about twenty minutes; the average amount of metal placed in a furnace as a charge is three hundred pounds, and from fifteen to twenty charges a day are put through each furnace in operation. It sometimes happens that lumps of hard metal are found in the strips, rendering the surface uneven; planchets cut from such por- tion would be too heavy and to correct this the strips go to THE DRAWING BENCHES, a table with a noisy endless chain, running from right to left, and a little carriage with pincer attachment which grips securely one end of the strip showing edgewise between two perpendicular cylinders of steel in an iron box or bed. secured to one end of the bench. These 訓 ​Copyright semured 1835 THE DRAWING BENCH. are "set" at exactly the distance apart which it is desired to have the strip in thickness; the attendant touches a foot-pedal; the pincers nip the strip; another touch, and a hook attaches the car- riage to the chain and away it goes to the other end, dragging the strip after it, leaving every irregularity behind and coming through exactly perfect. The moment the cylinders release the metal ribbon, it is dropped by the pincers, and the carriage rolls back to its starting point to be again fed. Then the strips are well washed and passed over to THE CUTTING PRESSES, of which there are six, in the same room, behind the rollers. THE GUIDE Shows two illustrations of the "cutter," as it appears in operation and as it is entire. Each press is supplied with a stecl ! VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 15 UNIE CUTTING PRESS. punch suitable for a different sized coin. The strips are weighed be- fore being punched, and if exact or over weight they are passed, as 16 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. any surplus can be filed off, if too light they are returned for remelt- ing; through the cutter the average number number of "planchets " Copyright secured 1885 را درون اسان کار CUTTING PRESS AS SEEN BY THE PUBLIC. PERFORATED STRIP. or round pieces dropped per minute is 225, though a speed of 280 can be obtained. The perforated strips go back to the crucible. We follow the planchets into THE COINING ROOM, at the northern end of which they are thrown upon a table for sort- ing; all that show the least imperfection are slipped through a hole into the rejected box, while the perfect ones, placed in another re- ceptacle are carried to THE ADJUSTING ROOM, where the nimble fingers of many ladies and the perfect accuracy of the delicate scales before each operative quickly prove the weight of every blank; if too heavy, but nearly right, a few strokes of a fine file makes it perfect, if greatly over weight, it must be remelted. The scales used here are so sensitive that even free circulation of air is not permitted in the room. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S.MINT. 17 After ajdustment, the planchets return again to the coining depart- ment, and, as a preliminary to stamping, are put through THE MILLING MACHINE; the lady attendant feeds the brass cylinder on top with planchets, and each lower piece as it sinks beneath the level of the bed-plate is struck by a revolving feeder which drives it horizontally between a revolving steel wheel on one side, and a fixed segment on the other, and after making four revolutions it drops into a box beneath with the edges turned up slightly higher than the device will be in relief Copyright Secured 1885. DA. Schuler Dil MILLING MACHINE IN OPERATION. after the coin is struck, and thus effects the object, which is to protect. the face of the finished coin and also to admit of the piling of pieccs one on the other. Many persons call the fluting or "reeding" on coins the "milled edge," this is an error, and the reeding is part of the process of coining. These machines do their work with wonder- ful rapidity, but the planchets by the time they are so far through, 18 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. are dirty, black, greasy, and look like anything but silver. In order to prepare them for reception of the mark which shall convert them into coin, they are transferred to THE CLEANING ROOM, where they are placed in large steel pans or bowls and put into an oven or furnace until the heat causes them to show a color like gold; then a swinging crane, with its hooks and chains, grapples the bowl, brings it over and lowers all down into a tank containing an acid, cleansing solution in a boiling state, and all of the foreign ac- cumulation which has withstood the action of fire, is by the acid re- moved. J. Perell < Copyright scor THE CLEANING ROOM. Next the planchets, wet from their bath, are poured into the end of a revolving wire cylinder in which is a quantity of dry, hot saw- dust in which the blanks are whirled around by the rotating cylinder until when they reach the lower end they are dry, clean, bright, and ready for THE COINING ROOM AND PRESS. In this, one of the most interesting Departments, are ten of the "perfected coining presses" of different sizes and adapted for produc- ing the various denominations, each press capable of finishing from 80 to 120 beautiful pieces of money per minute, the hand of a lady being its only assistant in the work. The arch of the press and table. on which it rests are massive iron. In the interior of the arch is a nearly circular plate of brass called a "trian-le," fastened to a lever Copyright secured 1885. KRETTHIJIJI THE COINING ROOM. 19 20 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. above by two steel bands "stirrups," one of which can be recognized in the cut to the right of the arch; the stout arm above it is also by a ball-and-socket joint, connected with the triangle and it is this arm which forces it down. The arm connects with the lever above by a knee-joint and when the crank lifts the further end of the lever the knee is drawn in and the arm forced down until it is perfectly straight, at which stage the crank has made a revolution and again the lever is lowered, the knee forced out and the arm again raised all of which motions are followed by the triangle with the same regul- arity. Buried in the lower part of the arch, under the triangle is the "die stake,” a steel cup in which is fastened a die, bearing the REVERSE impression of the coin to be struck; the base of this die rests solidly ¡ M NEGZUMAMINA PRESENT PERFECTED COINING PRESS. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. 21 on the iron bed, its face projects about an eighth of an inch above and over this is placed a steel "collar" fluted or "reeded" inside, of exact diameter to receive snugly a blank or planchet; The OBVERSE die is fastened into the triangle above. Into an upright tube, just in front of the triangle is fed the planchets, the bottom of these is seized by a pair of steel fingers, carried over the collar and deposited upon the reverse die, then the Knee of the Press straightens, the obverse die in the triangle is forced into the collar, a pressure of about eighty tons is brought to bear upon the imprisoned planchet, the impression is made, the expanding metal is forced into the collar flutings, "reed- ing" results; then the Knee is bent, raising the die about half an inch, the die-stake is elevated so that the newly made coin upon it just clears above the collar, and the feeders, which have been waiting their turn for work, come with another blank and push the MONEY off on an incline down which it slides into a box beneath. ไม 1/2 N H I L T F S I T T [ [ [ SY 3 Senss f SEYSS AUTOMATIC WEIGHING MACHINE is a peculiar attraction of the coining room, one of the most marvel- ous and complicated pieces of mechanism in existence. It has ten scales to which the planchets are fed through cylinders, and every piece is weighed, the "shorts," the "overweights" and the exact pieces 22 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. are distributed into different boxes, to be disposed of as the Mint. laws direct, and if two pieces try to struggle into place at one time an electrical monitor sound the alarm and then only is human inter- vention necessary. THE COUNTING BOARDS used in this Department, and which the cut here given will illustrate; are very simple but most efficacious aids in expediting businees. They are flat wooden surfaces, with parallel divisions of thin copper strips, rising just as high as a cent or dime is thick. The coins are thrown upon the board and settle in the ridges; all not finding place are swept to and tilted off the hinged end, the amount remaining on and filling the board is recorded and they are turned into a drawer. Here also the larger silver coins are first counted by hand, then each thousand pieces are weighed, a slight deviation, above or below VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 23 the exact standard is allowed to pass, but it must be VERY SLIGHT, for by law the variation in one thousand double eagles, when deliver- ed to the Coiner, must not exceed seventy-two grains. Having now witnessed the mechanical operations by which the native metal is converted into the mighty dollar, before describing the artistic and scientific departments, not open to the general public, we follow our guide to the second floor of the building and enter THE CABINET where, in rooms or a room, fifty-four feet long by sixteen wide, pecu- liarly adapted for the purpose, is displayed a collection of interesting relics of ancient and modern times that would give the intelligent- student months of enjoyable study, and are sufficient to satisfy the appetite of the most greedy curiosity-seeker, Special custodians re- ceive as here. The official existence of THE CABINET began in June 1838, but the wisdom and zealousness of Mr. Adam Eckfeldt, chief coiner, had led him, for years before, to collect pattern pieces of our own, and the best specimens he could obtain of foreign coinage, so that very considerable and valuable material was on hand at that time. Additions have constantly been made, by purchase, pieces res- cued from the melting pot, contributions and our own "master" or "proof" coins, terms applied to those first struck from new dies, with extra care, and preserved from all contact which might wear them or dim the brilliancy of their polish. The relics are so numerous·· that extended description or even mention of all can not be given here. There are fine portraits of the different Directors and Superin- tendents of the Mint, a splendid collection of classified mineral ores, for the purchase of which, also coins, Congress, in 1839, gave the sum of $1,000, and 300 dollars has since been annually appropriated for like purposes. Here are the Standard Test Scales, used to prove the weights sent to all U. S. Branch Mints and Assay Offices, and so sen- sitive as to show a variation of the twenty-thousendth part of an Left of the entrance is a framed FAC SIMILE of the law which established the U. S. Mint, as signed by Thomas Jefferson, then Sec- retary of State under President Washington, opposite is a case con- taining strips exhibiting the color of gold, in its native state and as alloyed with copper or silver, above this case hangs a cast from thes face of Cromwell, duplicate of one taken immediately after the death of England's great Protector. The grand American Eagle, in a case: near the exit door, for six years of his life was an inhabitant of the Mint, and was killed there by accident, he served as a model for the bird seen on the first or pattern nickel pieces in 1856, and put in general circulation in 1857, and upon other coins. Near the western window is Seguier's Machine for sorting coins, its work being in a great measure similar to that of the Seyss Weigher seen in operation. ounce. 24 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. in the coining room. The collection of Washington and other medals, struck in Commemoration of great men and noble deeds, serve to re- call the glories of our nation. Colonial coins of every variety, are exhibited and these originals will serve to prove the correctness of our illustrations. In cases, placed against the walls, in the doorways. and the middle room are coins of the ancient Greeks and Romans, Persians, Egyptians and Jews. These have been admirably classified by the expert, Mr. William E. DuBois, Assayer of the Mint, and each one of the specimens, with many more, are pictured and described elsewhere in THE GUIDE. There is a very complete collection of mediæval and modern coins of almost every nation on the face of the earth which possesses a metallic currency, and of these also we give FAC SIMILE in this work. There are silver pennies of William, The Conqueror; Scotch pennies, very rare; a penny of Robert II of Scot- land, said to be the only specimen extant; the "widow's mite" known to every reader of the Bible, is in these cases, "Siege Money," made when the roar of guns drown the sound of hammers that fashioned the rude coin from silver plate, is represented by a pound stirling of Charles I. "Maundy" and "Gun" money of James II; Tokens of England, Ireland and Scotland are plenty and even some counterfeits are given a place, on account of the excellent rascality exhibited in their manufacture. Among the U. S. coins there is a Double Eagle of 1849, which is the only coin of that denomination struck during that year and bearing that date, also a Quarter-Eagle of 1842, the single one so far as known, in existence. There is a series of "bullet" money of Siam, which ranges from one-third of a cent to five dollars. The "private" gold coins of the Pacific Coats, Utah, N. Carolina and Georgia are to be here seen and are described in this work. In fact a leisurely and careful perusal of THE GUIDE will recall each feature of the Cabinet as well as the whole Mint, and enable the reader to mentally review the entire establishment. We have now made the tour of all the Departments open to the public, but if the visitors will follow THE GUIDE they will obtain a perfectly clear understanding of all that goes on behind the closed doors. We will first describe DIES THE ENGRAVING ROOMS reached by way of the gallery which runs around the building. At the Philadelphia Mint are engraved all the dies used in it and the Branch Mints of the United States; those made for New Orleans are distinguished by the let- ter "O" which is found upon all pieces there coined, "S" is placed upon those struck at San Francisco, and "C. C" upon the money It. 12.00 we 江蕙 ​Secured 188 SIND SZIME AT 星 ​OMT ITALIAN STATE ES THE CABINET. IHRAN 25 26 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. made at Carson City. Dies also are here made for medals or- dered by government and it is permitted public or private institu- tions, corporations or individuals, to have dies made and medals struck at this Mint on payment of actual cost of production. The design is first made upon a large scale and then, by means of The Transfer Lathe it is reduced to any desired size, with an exact- ness of proportion to the original utterly unattainable to the human. eye and hand. Though machinery does much, yet the production of dies for such an institution as the mint requires man's art, genius, cul- ivation and mechanical skill, of the highest order, and the finest ma- terials. The steel used must be of moderately fine grain and uniform in texture, showing, when polished, no spots or patches even when under a powerful magnifying glass. From such metal two short dies are forged; and, by being put in an iron pot, heated to a red heat, and allowed to cool slowly, they are "annealed" or made soft; then they are faced flat and smooth in a lathe and ready for the engraver who traces upon them the design and proceeds to work it out with hard steel tools. When sufficiently finished to pass the most critical examination, the dies are hardened, an operation requiring greatest care in order that all fine lines may be preserved intact; A mask of fixed oil, or oil thickened with animal charcoal, or of lampblack and linseed oil, is put over each face and they are then placed, face down- ward, in a crucible and roasted in animal charcoal until a cherry-red heat is reached, then they are plunged into a large tank of water and kept in rapid motion until all ebullition has ceased, and are left in their bath until quite cool. If there be any "piping" or "singing" it indicates a crack or other imperfection. Taken from the water the dies are polished, by action of a running iron disc coated with emery flour and oil, and tempered by being put in water which is gradually raised to the boiling point, or by placing them on a heated iron bar until they glow with a rich straw-color, then to increase the strength there may be shrunk upon each an iron ring, or metallic jacket. When all the operations described have been successfully performed, then these dies become "matrices" or "maternal dies" and, as a gene- ral thing, they are never employed in striking coin but are used in producing duplicates of themselves in the following manner;-a steel die, softened by annealing, flat at its base and obtusely conical at top, is put in the bed of a die stamping press and the matrice forced down upon it by screw power until a copy is made, in relief upon the soft steel; if one operation does not produce the desired effect it is repeated until by a few touches from the engraver a perfectly satisfactory "punch" is obtained, and this being tempered and hard- ened serves to impress the design upon any desired number of dies for use in the coining presses. We will next explore the mysteries of THE ASSAY ROOMS in the S. W. corner of the second floor. Here the nicest skill and learning of the scientist is necessary, and here is the starting point of all the Mint work, for every deposit, VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. 27. dust or bar, of gold or silver that comes into the institution must have its value determined, from a sample, by the Assayer, before any further action is taken towards converting it into coin or paying its value to the owner. The necromantic paraphernalia of these apart- ments are bewildering to the unsophisticated, the calculations here made go far into the infintesimal, scales are here that an infant's eye- lash would turn the beam as quickly as would a pound, the smallest weight used in the Mint is here, the thirteen one-hundredth of a grain, very sharp eyes can see it, without spectacles, when displayed on a white paper in a very strong light. The furnace of the Assayer is a small, upright stove in which is a "Muffle," a wagon-shaped, carthen vessel open at one end only, and having a few slits, or vents, in the top and sides; in this are placed "cupels," small crucibles made of bone-ash which material, while it is not acted upon by fused oxides, is sufficiently porous to absorb them, the use of the "muffle" is to protect the cupels from direct contact with the fuel and flames of the furnace. TO ASSAY GOLD, it must be entirely freed from any copper or silver, or both, that may be combined with it, and a different process is re- quired to eliminate each of these metals. To remove the copper, CUPELLATION is first employed;-in the cupel enclosed by the muffle, to the other metals is added lead, which under heat of the assay fur- nace, oxidizes, and promotes like change in the copper and other base metals drawing with itself all these into the pores of the cupel, leav- ing behind only gold and silver. When thebutton" in the cupel has cooled it is taken out and hammered flat, then annealed by heat, next passed through rollers, again annealed, and screwed up into a roll; then it is purified by QUARTATION, the silver is dissolved by ac- tion of nitric acid and nothing but gold remains, but before this can be effected it is necessary, in order to destroy all the silver, that suf- ficient of that metal must be added to make its proportion three- fourths that of the gold. FOR ASSAYING SILVER, there are two methods, the "dry" or "fur- nace" assay or "cupellation," and the "wet" or "humid" or "volumet- ric." The first process, similar to that described for gold, requires in the case of silver, such nice regulation of temperature and so many pre- cautions, and is then so uncertain, that it is now only used in a sub- sidiary way to furnish an aproximate result, or a basis for the closer and more delicate manipulation of the humid assay which with pro- per care and due attention to the condition of the liquids is regarded as a perfect system of analysis for silver and entirely reliable. In the "humid" the proportion of fine silver in an alloy is determined by finding the exact amount of a known precipitant required to throw out the fine silver contained in a solution of given weight of the alloy, so that the result is obtained without a final weighing of the precipi- tated silver. The necessary amount of the precipitating agent being found and the weight of the alloy being known, the number of parts of fine silver in a thousand is deduced by calculation. Nitric acid and a solution of common salt are the liquids employed. 28 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U, S. MINT. THE SEPARATING ROOM is also on the second floor, west side; here is taken all the bullion in which gold and silver, or both are combined with baser metals, and by the chemical process used by all refiners each element is separated before being sent to the Melting Room. OFFICIAL HEAD-QUARTERS. Leaving the Cabinet and before passing down stairs we find on our right hand, the Office of the Superintendent, where he receives visi- tors and transacts business, the next door opens into the Chief Clerk's sanctum, adjoining which is the Studio of the Chief Engraver and at the foot of the stairs on the left is the Coiner's private office. Pursuing our investigation still further we descend to THE CELLAR AND VAULTS of the latter there are quite a number, used for various purposes, be- neath the building fronting the corridor on Chestnut Street. In the Main Cellar immediately under the Yard are six large boilers in which is generated the steam used in driving the Engines and for heating the building: On the right are the blacksmith, carpenter and paint shops and in the rear is THE MEDAL STRIKING DEPARTMENT : a screw-press being invariably used in striking medals and also the "proof" or "master" pieces of every fresh coinage, which being struck from the "maternal" or entirely new dies, present the brilliant, mir- ror-like surface so valued by collectors. Sets of each proof strike are added to the Cabinet, some are, by official orders given to foreign governments or their representatives, and a few are sold, at a slight premium, to numismatists and connoisseurs. THE "SWEEPS" on the west side of the cellar is the "Sweeps" grinding room where all the sweepings of the institution are deposited, and where at intervals, they are ground into fine powder from which, by scientific manip- ulation all the precious metal, and to a very considerable amount, is extracted and saved to the Government. THE WELLS. Even the water used in washing out the different rooms, the rain that falls upon the roof, must yield all gleanings before being per- mitted to escape. The wells receive and filter every drop, and when they are cleaned the deposits are treated in like manner, and with the same results, as the sweepings. THE WORKING FORCE. In the various departments of the U. S. Mint at Philadelphia, there are employed, for work of every character, from superintendent to laborer, an average of over three hundred men and women the year round, and this force does more and better work, with less loss and larger profit for the Government than any like number of per- son similarly employed in the world. - VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 29 Having now completed our tour of the Mint, and thoroughly examined its workings, we suppose that sufficient interest has been excited in the visitor's mind to create a relish for GENERAL INFORMATION upon the subject of Mints, Coins, &c., and we proceed to furnish material for the leisurly gratification of such desire. "" U. S. MINTS AND ASSAY OFFICES. Under the Coinage Acts of the United States, Mints for the pro- duction of coin were established in 1792, at Philadelphia, Penna.; in 1835, at New Orleans, La., Charlotte, N. C., and Dahlonega, Ga.; in 1852 the Branch Mint at San Francisco was created in 1863 another was erected at Carson City, Nevada, aud in 1864, still one more at Dallas City, Oregon. Of these, the Philadelphia, San Fran- cisco, New Orleans and Carson City establishments are now the only ones striking coins. There is a Mint at Denver Colorado, and the Branch at Charlotte was continued as such until 1872, but their work has long been similar to the Assay Offices of New York City, Helena, Montana; and Boise City, Idaho; all of which are for the receipt of bullion direct from the miners or their agents; at all of these the metals are assayed, melted, run into bars and stamped, the depositors receiving money value therefor, less cost of transporta- tion and Mint charges. The stamped bars are forwarded to one of the coining stations to be converted into "hard cash." The Official deposit of fine gold bars exchanged for gold coin at the Philadelphia Mint and the New York Assay Office alone, from July 1st, 1883 to June 30th 1884, shows a grand total of $25,800,800. EARLY HISTORY OF THE PHILADELPHIA MINT. On the 2d of April, 1792, it was enacted by Congress "That a Mint for the purpose of National Coinage be, and the same is estab- lished; to be situate and carried on at the seat of the Government of the United States, for the time being." The seat of the government, at that date, was Philadelphia, and here the original Mint was established. In March, 1801,"An Act concerning the Mint," was approved directing that it should remain in Philadelphia until March 4th, 1803. It has remained until to- day, and will, very probably, never be removed. The National Coinage was a subject in which President Washing- ton exhibited the greatest interest; so fully alive was he to its im- portance, that immediately after the passage of the Act of April, 1792, he caused to be purchased a piece of ground, in Seventh Street; cast side; midway between Arch and Market Streets; on which stood an old still-house and a frame building. He appointed David Rittenhouse as Director of the Mint, and on the 19th of July, in that year, workmen began to clear the old buildings off the ground. On July 31st, at 10 A. M., Director Rittenhouse laid the foundation stone of the first United States Mint, and from that time pushed matters so energetically that on Friday, September 7th, most of the necessary appliances for work, bellows, furnaces, &c., &c., were 1 30 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. placed "in the shops," and on the Tuesday following the first pur- chase of raw material was made-six pounds of old copper-" for coinage," 1s. 3d., per pound being paid for it. PARENT ΟΣ F Three coining presses, imported from abroad, arrived September 21st, and were put in successful operation early in October, striking half-dimes, of which the President made mention in the Annual LIBERTY 1792 SOON1 SC CENCE UNIT STATES DI SME www.y AMERICA INDU 73 LIB PAP ON SCI STATES OF HALF DISME AMER DISME. HALF-DISME. Address, delivered the next month. These half-dismes, as they were then called (now known as the "Washington Half-dime") bear upon the obverse side a female bust, facing left, supposed to be a portrait of Martha Washington, who is said to have given sittings to the artist designer; it is also stated that General Washington gave some of his private plate to furnish silver for the coin; a not unlikely story as our illustrious Pater patrice evidently made the Mint a "hobby," referring to it frequently in his official communications, visiting it constantly, supervising its management and details and continually urging increase and variety in its productions. Other coins were soon struck, they are described and illustrated on our coin pages. The work at the first Mint was done entirely by hand or horse-power; existing bills of the establishment showing that hay and pasture was provided evidently for horses, and rum and cider also bought, certainly for men. During 1797-98 and '99, also in 1802-03, all operations were at times suspended on account of the prevalence of yellow fever in the city. The first silver bullion was French coins to the amount of $80,- 715.733, deposited by the Bank of Maryland, on July 18th, 1794, and on February 12th, 1795 the first gold, in the form of ingots, was re- ceived and paid for in silver coin, from Moses Brown, a merchant of Boston. The first regular return of coins from the Chief Coiner to the Treasurer of the Mint, was made on March 1st, 1793, and con- sisted of 11,178 cents; the first return of coined silver was on Octo- ber 15th, 1794, and the first gold coins were delivered July 31st, 1795. By the original Act the name, value, weight and fineness of the Eagle, half and quarter Eagle, in gold, and the Dollar, half, quarter, tenth and twentieth, were all distinctly fixed, and thus were ban- ishad from the free Union of States the disloyally discordant pounds, shillings, pence and farthings of the old days of tyranny and ser- vitude. For forty years the U. S. Mint on Seventh Street, with hand, horse and steam-power, (the latter introduced in 1816), turned out, + VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 31 from 1792 to 1832, the following number of coins:-132,592 Eagles, 1,925,867 Half-Eagles, 108,392 Quarter-Eagles, 1,440,517 Silver Dol- lars, 59,584,783 Half-Dollars, 2,506,029 Quarter-Dollars, 8,619,600 Dimes, 4,942,647 Half-Dimes, 62,925,602 Copper Cents, and 69.- 533,312 Half-Cents; making 2,238,854 pieces in gold; 77,093,576 in silver, 132,458.914 in copper; a total of 211.791,344 coins, reprc- senting in money the sum of $42,171,665.68. THE MINT OF TO-DAY. The growth of our country, in extent, wealth and importance, among the nations of the earth, had for many years demanded facilities for coining money, such as could not be obtained in the original building, and the existing beautiful structure was erected, its corner stone being laid on July 4th, 1829, by Samuel Moore, then Director. Working operations were commenced in it in May, 1833, and have been continuous. Numerous alterations have, from time to time, been made in the interior and additions built; in 1854, measures were taken to render it fire-proof throughout; the building should be double its present size to meet the requirement of these busy times. We give a list of Directors and Superinten- dents of the Mint, from its organization, and also the chief subordi- nate officers now on duty : DIRECTORS AND SUPERINTENDENTS OF THE U. S. MINT AT PHILA- DELPHIA. 1. DAVID RITTENHOUSE, Director, from July, 1792 to July, 1795. Resigned. 2. IIENRY WILLIAM DESAUSSURE, Director, from July, 1795, resigned in October of the same year. 3. ELIAS BOUDINOT, Director, from October, 1795, to July, 1805. Resigned. 4, ROBERT PATTERSON, LL.D., Director from July, 1805, to July, 1924. Died. 5. SAMUEL MOORE, M. D., Director from July, 1824, to July, 1835. Resigned. 6. ROBERT MASKELL PATTERSON, M. D., Director from July, 1835, to July, 1851. Resigned. 7. GEORGE N. ECKERT, M. D., Director from July, 1851, to April, 1853. Resigned. 8. THOMAS M. PETTIT, Director from April, 1853, to death, March, 31st same year. 9. HON. JAMES ROSS SNOWDEN, LL. D., Director from June, 1853 to 1861. 10. JAMES POLLOCK, A. M., LL. D., Director from 1831 to April, 1867.* 11. HENRY RICHARD LINDERMAN, M. D., Superintendent from April 1867 to 1869.. Resigned. * With this change the title Director was given to an official stationed at Washington, D. C., whose duty it is to supervise all the National Mints, the Chiefs of which have since beenSuperintendents." 32 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT., 12. JAMES POLLOCK, A. M., LL. D., Superintendent from 1869 to 1879. Resigned. 13. COL. A. LOUDON SNOWDEN, Superintendent, Appointed March 1, 1879. Resigned June, 1685. 14, HON. DANIEL M. FOX, Superintendent. 1885. Appointed July 1st, HEADS OF DEPARTMENTS U. S. MINT, PHILADELPHIA. Coiner, WILLIAM S. STEEL, Appointed February, 1885. Assayer, JACOB B. ECKFELDT, Appointed December, 1881. Assayer, Assistant, PATTERSON DUBOIS, Appointed January, 1832, Engraver, CHARLES E. BARBER, Appointed 1880. Engraver, Assistant, GEORGE T. MORGAN. Melter and Refiner, JAMES CURTIS BOOTH, Appointed 1849. Cashier, MARK H. Coвв, Appointed 1871. Curator, R. A. MCCLURE, Appointed 1868. ABOUT COINS AND COINING. There is much that is interesting, even to one who is not numis- matically inclined, in tracing the various stages through which coins, and the producing machinery thereof, have passed, before arriving at the perfection of the present day. COINS are recognized as an absolute necessity by all human be- ings intelligent above the brute level, and countries little advanced in civilization, unable to mint for themselves, import the large coins of other nations for business transactions of moment, and as small change make use of articles of adornment, such as shells, glass- beads, &c., or substances suitable for food. Thousands of tons of cowries (a small white shell used as a trinket), are sent from the East Indies to Liverpool, and thence to the West Coast of Africa, where they pass as current cash in the purchase of the country's products, principally palm-oil. In the central part of South America, soap, chocolate, cocoanuts and eggs answer the same purpose. In Abys- sinia, where the Maria Theresa Dollar, or Thaler of Austria is about the only coin known, the circulating currency consisting of rock- salt, in shape something like a mower's whetstone, called a humulahs, cardamon_seeds, used as a medicine and condiment, also pass as money. But metals have always been chosen as a means of ex- change wherever, and whenever, procurable, and the making of coins from metals, by marks or inscriptions upon pieces of regu- lated weight and size has been carried on from very early ages, the advancement of men and nations in arts and mechanics being more clearly indicated by their coinage than by any other means. COINING, and the consequent use of coins, cannot be traced fur- ther back than the ninth century B. C. Money, however, as a medium of exchange, existed much earlier, and when of metal it passed according to weight, no uniformity being established for the picces, the scales were required as part of every transaction. The first metallic money was in the form of bars, spikes and rings, the latter could be opened, closed and linked together in a chain for convenience of carriage. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S.MINT. 83 During the dynasty of the Mermnado, about 700 B. C., the Ly- dians, in Asia Minor, to officially guarantee the weight of small gold ingots which they circulated, placed upon them certain stamp marks, and these were the first coins. The Greek cities on the coast and islands near Asia Minor, quickly adopted and improved upon the Lydian invention, their cultivated taste and skill soon producing finely engraved symbolic dies, with figures and names indicating the period of coinage, and to so high a degree of artistic excellence did they attain in this art, that to-day the coins of ancient Greece rival and often excel the best work of modern times. Primitive minting consisted in placing a lump of metal of fixed weight, generally globular in form, over a die, on which was en- graved the religious or national emblem; a wedge or punch then put on top of the lump was held with one hand and struck with a hammer in the other, until the metal was driven into the die suffi- ciently to secure an impression. Many dies used by the ancient Romans are in existence, they used and made immense quantities of them, for the hardest metal known to that people at one time, was compounded of equal parts copper, tin and lead, a very soft material for such purpose and soon rendered useless. Steel dies were subsequently employed, and there is one of these in a modern museum, which has been so hammered that its originally conical top has become flat. That inventors were using their brains at that day is proven by the coining machine of which we give a cut, with the piece it pro- 1000 " ☺ سرزه 200500 ROMAN COIN PUNCH OF A. D. 350. duced. This hinged stamp was discovered at Baumont-sur-Oise, and presented to the French Cabinet by the Maire of that Com- mune. When they were invented it is impossible to say but this one is certainly of the time of Emperor Constans, A. D. 337 to 350. It can be easily seen, that by this instrument the planchet was en- 34 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. ! closed and the blows from a hammer resulted in an impression being made on both sides at the same time; on the picture of the coin, "STANS." all that remains of CONSTANS are still visible; the reverse side shows a Victory, with trophy and palm branch, the remains of the legend being only the letters D. N. We also give a cut of a stamp in use in the time of Faustina, Jr., topyright secured 1885 ROMAN STAMP AND Die of a. d. 175. about A. D. 175. Its construction and manner of operation is so evident from the drawing, that further explanation is unnecessary. In the Middle Ages, the art of Ancient Greece seeme not to have been studied, or to have produced any good results, for the coins and methods of their manufacture were rude in the extreme. We picture from an illustration of the time, the interior of a Mediæval Mint in full operation. One workman hammers the plate to proper thinness, then with hugh shears another cuts it into something like the shape of a coin, and these pieces are impressed, with punch-formed dies, by blows of the mallet. All coins continued to be thus struck in England until 1662 or 1663, when the mill process, which had been introduced nearly a hundred years before, and abandoned after about ten years use, was finally and permanently adopted. The machine called the mill and screw was invented in France in 1553, and there applied for some thirty years, then laid aside as being too expensive; it remained ignored until Briot, a French artist, in 1623, took it to England, where it was at once put into operation, but only for a short time, being discontinued for the same reason as 'before, and until the Commonwealth was established the British re- turned to the old hammer and punch. Under Cromwell, M. Pierre Blondeau took charge of the English Mint, he had improved the mill and screw to the utmost and with it created a revolution in the ap- pearance of coins as well as in the mode of production. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 35 ؟ COINING ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MIDDLE AGES. FIRST STEAM-POWER PRESS. It was by this process all money of the United States was made until about 1836, when a steam coining press, invented three years 1 36 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. before, by M. Thonnelier, a Frenchman, was introduced in our Mint, the cut here given being a true representation thereof. Some few defects existing were quickly detected and remedied by American inventive and mechanical skill, and greatly improved work was the result. The press is simple in construction, stands about five feet in height and takes up a space of about four feet by five. After doing good service for many years it was, in 1774, sold, though not worn out, for at the Centennial Exposition of 1876, it was in fine running order and busy in striking off commemorative medals. On the back of this press is the inscription: "First Steam Power Press, 1836. Built by Merrick, Agnew & Tyler. R, M. Patterson, Director United States Mint. Remodeled and rebuilt, 1858, by D. Gilbert. J. R. Snowden, Director United States Mint." The next grand advance was the production of THE PERFECT COINING PRESS, such as is now in use, illustrated and described in detail on our pages relating to the Coining Room. Pefect in every detail, the re- sult of years of hard study, experiment and invention, this press stands as a noble monument of American mechanical skill." Its coinage is noted throughout the civilized world for beauty, and in its working there is a saving of seventy-five per cent. from the loss. formerly sustained through destruction of dies. 扒​奶 ​} BIOGRAPHICAL. DANIEL M. FOX. Superintendent U. S. Mint, PHILADELPHIA, PA. To the entire population of Philadelphia City, and in many other localities, far and near, the name of Ex-Mayor Fox is familiar as household words, and never is it mentioned but with the respect due a man of honor and a record of high duties well and wisely performed. The gentleman whose life and career is here briefly sketched was appointed by President Cleveland on June 9th, 1885. to the Super- intendency of the U. S. Mint in Philadelphia and assumed the posi- tion on July 1st, 1885, relieving Col. A. Loudon Snowden, resigned. DANIEL M. FOX was born in Philadelphia, and comes from true, native American stock, his ancestors being no ignoble, timid citizens of the new nation then forming. His mother's father, Daniel Miller, enjoyed the glorious privilege of being with Washington at Germantown, Valley Forge, New Brunswick, N. J., Highlands, N. Y., and witnessed the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown. While the British held Philadelphia, Mr. Miller was brought a prisoner to this city, having been captured as a spy in New Jersey; he contrived, however, to escape and rejoined the American army. When our Independence was won and acknowledged, this sterling patriot made a home for his family in the old "Northern Liberties" District of Philadelphia, where Mr. Fox's paternal grand-father resided, where both his father and mother were born, and where he was ushered into the world on June 16th, 1819. The parents of Daniel M. Fox had nothing of worldly wealth to bestow upon their son, but they afforded him every opportunity of acquiring the best education attainable at the schools of his home 37 38 DANIEL M. FOX. district, and he had the sturdy good sense to make the most of such advantages. For two years after leaving school he was employed in a store, then, following his inclination, he sought and obtained a place in the office of Jacob F. Hoeckley, at that time leading Con- veyancer in this city, and here Mr. Fox spent five years in perfect- ing himself in his profession. He then open an office himself and for nearly fifty years he has been actively prosecuting the business, even when engaged in public station; straight-forward honesty, steady-going business principles and practices have increased his connection from the first, until, for years he has been recognized as as the head of the fraternity in our midst; it is said that he has had more estates in charge, at one time, for settlement, as ad- ministrator, executor or trustee, than any other individual in Phil- adelphia, and his whole business is of the most extensive and finan- cially important nature. Notwithstanding the engrossing character of his professional en- gagements, and the many calls upon his time for gratuitous serviccs in behalf of the general public, Mr. Fox applied himself to the study of law, and in November, 1878, was called to the Bar, being then in his 59th year, and so far as related to age, probably the oldest young lawyer ever admitted in Philadelphia. With the vigor and energy of youth, which a temperate and honorable life has secured tò him; united to a matured and cultivated intellect, Mr. Fox at once made himself felt in his added vocation, a very considerable clientage immediately sought him and this has advanced continu- ously, his services being specially in demand in all prominent and important cases involving intricate points of Railroad and Real Estate Law. AS A PUBLIC MAN. A mere recapitulation of the many honorable positions held by, and the important public interests entrusted to Mr. Fox by his fel- low-citizens will exhibit far better than words of eulogy the high esteem with which he is universally regarded. At the age of twenty- one he was elected a member of the Board of School Directors of the District of Northern Liberties, and for many years was president of that body. In all appertaining to education he was ever enthusias- tic, and to his efforts, in a great measure, is due the establishment of a night-school system for adults. He also represented his district for two consecutive terms (elected by Councils) as Director of Girard College, and as one of the Board of Health, for nine years, he had in charge sanitary measures and quarantine regulations of the city, exhibiting rare courage and efficiency during two visitations of cholera which occurred in his time of service. DANIEL M. FOX. 39 In Select Councils he represented his Ward for three years, retir- ing in 1861; the year following he was nominated for Mayor, but his party being greatly in the minority, he was defeated, though gaining many votes from the opposition; again, in 1865 the existing powers were too strong for him, but in 1868, his personal popularity and enviable reputation secured his election over a worthy and re- spected representative of the then dominant party. Mr. Fox was inaugurated Mayor of Philadelphia on January 1st, 1869. His administration was marked by very many important rc- formatory improvements, and he was called upon to meet most try- ing changes and questions. He effected the transfer of the Fire De- partment from the Volunteer to the Paid system with a quiet wisdom. and nice sagacity which alone saved the city from becoming one vast theatre of arson, riot and bloodshed. The duties of his station relating to courtesy, were always performed with manly grace, dignity and refinement. His firmness in upholding the law, and vigor in securing and punishing criminals was proven on all occa- sions demanding such exercise of authority. Under him the disci- pline and value of the Police force was largely improved. Personal feeling or political preference were nothing to Mr. Fox as against the public good. So satisfactory was his administration to the inflen- tial and intelligent of the community, without regard to party, that at the close of his official term a splendid banquet was given in his honor at the Academy of Music, and from both Chambers of Coun- cils he received an unanimous vote of thanks for his able and encr- getic administration of the affairs of our city. In the grand rejoicing of the Centennial Anniversary of our nation, the valuable aid of Mr. Fox was naturally and necessarily demanded. The project of that wonderful celebration had first been broached during his mayoralty, and to it he gave his official encour- agement with most patriotic zeal. As a member of the Centennial Finance Committee his services in aid of the great Exposition were. invaluable, his labors unceasing, and the results attained exceeded all expectations. A most marked recognition of the ability and integrity of Mr.. Fox, consisted in his appointment by the "Stalwart " Republican. President, U. S. Grant, as one of three commissioners to investigate and report upon a controversy between the Government and the Railroad Companies in regard to carrying the mails, the U. S. au- thorities complaining that the service was unsatisfactory and the Railroad officials contending that the compensation fixed by law was inadequate. Congress order the Commission of Inquiry and President Grant exhibited his judgment by selecting Mr. Fox as one of its members. The investigation required a visit to nearly every * 40 DANIEL M. FOX. prominent city in the Union; the holding of innumerable sessions. and taking of voluminous testimony; the distance traveled upon this duty was over 28,000 miles. The task was most delicate, rc- quiring experience, practical knowledge and nicest discretion, to loyally protect the government and at the same time render full justice the great mainsprings of commerce and distributors of wealth. The report furnished by the commission was of the great- est value; solid, sound, satisfactory, and conclusive, furnishing the basis upon which a settlement was finally arranged. Since his retirement from the Mayor's Chair, Mr. Fox has not held political office, though in two successive State Conventions, complimentary votes have been cast in his favor for the Gubernatorial nomination. His extensive business has received his personal at- tention, but with all its claims he has never relaxed his active labors in works of benevolence or matters of public benefit. No import- ant movement affecting the city government, has been made, for a long time, without consulting him and weighing well his opinion and advice. He is at present, and for years has been President of the Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Children, and his private charities, though known to few except the recipients, are many and unceasing. To the Superintendency of the United States Mint, with all its treasure, Mr. D. M. Fox brings the same business habits; calm, trained judgment, thorough system. cultivated executive ability and dignified self-reliance which has rendered him so signally successful in private life, professional associations and public station. The wisdom of the President in selecting Mr. Fox for his present im- portant, responsible and honorable position, is admitted by even his most pronounced political foes,-of personal enemies, he has not one. COINS OF THE UNITED STATES. GOLD. The Eagle of ten dollars, to weigh 270 grains, the Half-Eagle and Quar- ter-Eagle, these latter in proportion to the $10 piece, were the original gold coins authorized by Act of April 2d, 1792. All three were required to be of a standard 22 carats fine, or 917 thousandths. The first return of Eagles from the Coiner of the Mint was on Septem- ber 22d, 1795, the Obverse bore a bust of the Goddess of Liberty, wear- ing the liberty-cap, from under which the hair was loosely flowing. The bust faced to the right, above it is the legend Liberty, with five star s on the right and ten on the left, around the edge of the field, Exergue, 1795. The Reverse shows an eagle with wide spread wings, a laurel wreath in the beak and both talons grasping a palm branch. Legend-United States of America. The Half-Eagle was the first gold coin actually struck for the United States, 774 of these were delivered by the Chief Coiner on July 31st, 1795, the design being similar to that on the Eagle. There was a second coin- age of these pieces this year no alteration being made in the Obverse, but the Reverse is changed, the eagle being portrayed with upraised wings; upon its breast is the U. S. shield, a bundle of arrows in its left talon, an olive branch in the right, from the beak floats a scroll inscribed E Pluribus Unum, a bow of clouds extends from wing_to_wing_encircling a cluster of stars around the head of the bird. Legend—United States of America. In 1796 the only change made in these two pieces was the addition of another star, marking the entrance of a new State (Tennesse), into the Union. It was intended to thus commemorate on our coinage each accession to the number of States, but the idea was abandoned. The Quarter-Eagle was coined this year, those first struck, to the num- ber of sixty-six, were copies of the Eagle, a change was made in Novem- ber and with the exception of a few, on which the stars were omitted from the Obverse, the new Quarter-Eagle resembled the second coinage of the Half-Eagle of 1795 in every particular other than size and date. On the Eagle of 1797, first coinage, the Obverse remains as before with sixteen stars, ten on the left and six on the right of the effigy. The second issue has but thirteen stars around the eagle's head, on the Reverse, which in other respects is identical with that of the Half-Eagle of 1795, second coinage. Three distinct types of the Half-Eagle bear date of 1797. The first is exactly similar to that of 1796, in the second the only alteration is the addition of one more star on the Obverse, the third is a repetition (with changed date), of the second coinage of 1795, the pieces being struck from an altered die of that year. In 1797 and 1798 some slight changes were made in the Quarter-Eagle, there being but thirteen stars on the Obverse, the Reverse continued as before. During the years 1798, 1799, 1800 and 1801, the Eagle presented the same devices as the second coinage of 1797. There are two types of the Half-Eagle of 1798. The first with the lib- erty-head, wearing a cap, facing to the right; and above it Liberty on the 41 42 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. IBERTY 1795 *** STATES INI ITED LIBERT *** 179 ນແ STATE LIBERTY ** STATES UNITED OF OF OF AME RICA ME 1796 LIBERTY *** STALES" ED AME BICA UN OF 1798 MBRIO * LIBERT * * 1839 * TEN.D STATES OF UNITED TIVE MERICA LIBE * 1844 ED myNIT STATES STATES STATE UNITED AMERIC OF D "OF UNUM 5 T AMERICA AMERICA STATES OF ITED Q AMERICA 1834 1843 1827 IBERT 1835 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 43 1 Obverse. The Reverse has an eagle with extended wings, grasping in botlı talons an olive branch, and in the beak a laurel wreath. Legend-United States of America. In the later coinage of this year there is no change on the Obverse, but the Reverse is similar to that of the second issue of 1795, and this style was continued through the years 1799 and 1800, with change of date only. No Half-Eagles were issued in 1801. During 1799, 1800 and 1801 no Quarter-Eagles were issued. There was no issue of Eagles during 1802, and those coined in the years 1803 and 1804 were of the pattern of 1801. The Half-Eagle of 1802, 1803, 1804, 1805 and 1806, bears on its Obverse the Liberty-head with Cap, facing to the right, above it Liberty; the Reverse is the same as the second coinage of 1795. There was an issue of the Quarter-Eagle in 1802, in style similar to those of 1798, but none were coined in 1803. From 1804 to 1807, both years inclusive, the piece was made in every particular, except date, exactly like those of 1802. From 1805 to 1837, inclusive, the Eagle was not issued. Two coinages of the Half-Eagle appear in 1807. The first is a repeti- tion of the last issues; the second type exhibits some marked changes, the Liberty-head on the Obverse wears a turban, on the band of which is in- scribed Liberty, the face is turned to the left, along the edge of which side are seven stars, and six more are on the right, Exergue 1807. Reverse; a spread-eagle with U. S. shield on the breast, three arrows and an olive branch in the talons, above, in the field, is a scroll inscribed E. Pluribus Unum; Legend-United States af America, Exergue, “5 D." The Quarter-Eagle of 1808 shows some change; on the Obverse is the Liberty-head, above is the word Liberty in a curved line and below the date. The Reverse continues as before. After this year (1808), the coin- age of Quarter-Eagle was discontinued to and through 1820. There was but one coinage of Half-Eagles for each of the years 1808, 1809, 1810, 1811, 1812, 1813, 1814 and 1815, the design being the same as that of the second issue of 1807, no change appearing except in the date. No gold pieces of this denomination were issued in 1816 or 1817. In 1818 and to 1828, inclusive, the Half-Eagle has the same Obverse, with change of date, and the general device of the Reverse is as before except it has as Exergue "Five D." The Quarter-Eagle coinage was resumed in 1821, the piece being pattern- ed after the Half-Eagle, namely; Obverse, Liberty-head with turban and band bearing the word Liberty; thirteen stars around the edge. Reverse, Eagle with U. S. Shield on the breast, three arrows and an olive branchi in the talons, a scroll above, inscribed E Pluribus Unum; Legend- United States of America. Exergue "23 D." These same devices were continued, the date alone being changed for each year's coinage, on the Quarter-Eagle up to the year 1834; though in 1822, 1823 and 1828, none were issued. In 1829 there were two distinct coinages of Half-Eagles, both similar to the issue of 1818-28 but the size of the coin was reduced one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter and no changes were made until 1834. By Act of June 28th, 1834 the weight of the Eagle was reduced to 258 grains and the fineness to 899.225. Again, by Act of January 18th, 1837, the fineness was advanced to. 900, and at this standard it has since remain- ed; of course the "Half" and "Quarter" were reduced in proportion. The year 1834 gave two coinages of Half-Eagles, the first being a re- production of the years immediately preceding, the second has on its Ob- verse, the Liberty-head facing left, a fillet, bearing the word Liberty bind- ing the head, curls falling down and around the neck, thirteen stars sur- rounding the effigy. Reverse same as former. The piece was again, be- 44 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. LIRER OF AME D. P UNITE PLURIBU ES STATE IN CODY TRUST TWENTY D. OF AMER ERICA STATES UNITED TWENTY ELINO OF LI 2½D. AMERICA STATES INGO WE 1870 DOLLAR 1870 AMERICA. ** STAT ES OF STA Ο TRUCT K 1870 AMERICA. AMERIC 1870 3 DOLLARS 1870 STATER 1870 OF LIB ASSAYER TEN UNITED STATES. STATES 889 THOUS LIBERT GALIND UN HUMBERT, OF AMERICA OF GOLD CALIFORNIA INTY DOLLS 1831 SILSHEIV ཀཤ ་རའག་ག་བཤ STATES OF 887THOUS NITED AMERICA OF STATES (884THO AMERICA ANY DOTS 50 UNITED STATE) ASSAY OFFICE OF. GOLO SAN FRANCISCO CALIFORNIA. 1852. 50D VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 45 ginning with this second issue reduced by one-sixteenth of an inch; there was no further change until 1839. In this year (1834) there were also two distinct coinages of the Quarter- Eagle, the first was identical in every detail, except date, with those of 1821. The second is a reduced fac-simile of the last described Half-Eagle the only difference being the exergue: "2 D," and these designs were continued until 1840. The coinage of Eagles was resumed in 1838, the Obverse of the new piece presented: a Liberty-head, facing to the left, hair done up in knot and curls falling over the neck, a coronet upon the forehead bearing the word Liberty, around the edge of the field, thirteen stars; Exergue 1838; Reverse an eagle with U. S. Shield upon its breast, an olive branch and three arrows in the talons; Legend-United States of America; Exergue, "Ten D." In 1866 a change was made by the introduction, on the field of the Reverse, above the head and between the wings of the Eagle, of a scroll inscribed In God we Trust, and this constitutes the only alteration that has been made in the Eagle since 1838. • Half-Eagles in 1839 were struck from an entirely new die, the devices be- ing similar to the change made in the Eagle except the Exergue on the Reverse: "Five D." The next change was made in 1866, when the scroll with "In God we Trust" upon it, was added to the Reverse. Since that time the only variation has been in the date of issue. The Quarter-Eagles of 1840 were made to conform in appearance with the larger coins, having the coroneted Liberty, &c., as described, with Exergue "2 D" upon the Reverse; and there has been no further change to the present time. The Double-Eagle was first coined in 1849, being authorized by Act of March 3d in that year; its weight ordered to be 516 grains and 900 in fineness. Obverse, the Liberty-head, facing to the left, hair in a knot, curls falling over the neck, a coronet on which is inscribed Liberty; thirteen stars around the edge of the field and Exergue, 1849. Reverse: an Eagle with wings expanded and elevated, on its breast the U. S. Shield, a divided scroll, passing downward on each side, bears the words E Pluribus Unum, a halo, or blaze, extends in a half-circle from wing to wing enclosing thir- teen stars; in the talons are barbed arrows and the olive branch; Legend -United States of America; Exergue, "Twenty D." The same devices were continued upon coins of this denomination until 1866, when the motto In God we Trust was inserted among the stars, inside of the halo circle ; no further changes were made until 1877, when the Exergue on the Reverse was altered to "Twenty Dollars," and the style then adopted is still con- tinued. In 1849 appeared also the Gold Dollar, authorized by Act of March 3d, same year, its weight being fixed at 25.8 grains, 900 fine. This little coin had on its Obverse the liberty-head, facing left, a band about the forehead on which is the word Liberty, and thirteen six-pointed stars around the edge of the field. Reverse: A laurel wreath enclosing, in three lines, the inscription, 1 Dollar 1849, and this is surrounded by the Legend- United States of America. A Fifty-Dollar Gold Piece, in 1851, came from the United States Assay Office in San Francisco, Cal., which was established by Act of Congress the year previous. There are two varieties of this coin, then popu- larly known as the "California Slug." Though these pieces were never authorized by Act of Congress, yet they circulated and received acknowledg- ment as United State Coin, and as such may properly be here classified. An octagon shape characterizes both types; the first has on the Obverse an eagle, with upward spread wings, supporting a reclining U. S. shield, its talons grasping three arrows and an olive branch, from its beak, to the left, flies a scroll inscribed Liberty, over the head of the bird is another 46 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. OF ** IN O **CANTS LIBERTY * DRED TATES DO: D'R 179 5 LIBERTY ** 17.95 * DOLI TIN 1 T STATES ΝΩ UN AME ATTENTT RICA O F H ERTY AMERI RICA SIN CDN 8 ONE ** LIBERTY BIND *** R 1795 TA TES S STATES TED x x x x x x 1795 ERT ៩ XXLIB 1796 UN IN OF STATES MERI RICA UNITED RICA VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 47 inset bearing 880 Thous., beneath is 50 D. C. Legend—United States of America. All the above is enclosed in a beaded circle, outside of which, around the octagon edge, is Augustus Humbert United States Assayer California of Gold, 1851. The second variety, which is here illustrated, is generally similar to the first, but much more finished and the error of transporsition is corrected to read, Augustus Humbert, United States Assuyer of Gold California. The 50 D. is also changed to Fifty Dolls. In both pieces the edge is grained and the Reverse, in each variety, shows a peculiar and intricate lining, but no inscription. These coins were prepared and issued by Messrs Moffatt & Co., as contractors, and have always been found fully up to their professed standard. In 1853, from the same source, came a Twenty-Dollar piece, circular in form, with Obverse similar to that within the circle of the fifty dollar coin, except that the scroll is inscribed 800 Thous., and the Exergue reads Twenty D. Reverse bears the same web-work of lines as the larger piece, but across the centre is an open space on which is lettered in three lines, United States Assay Office of Gold San Francisco California 1853. A Ten-Dollar Gold Piece, identical with the last described, but having the exergue Ten Dols. and 884 Thous. in scroll on the Obverse, and the date 1852 in the lettering of the Reverse is also one of this particular coinage, all of which have the grained edge and are invariably found equal to the weight and fineness claimed. The Three-Dollar Gold Piece was authorized by Act of February 21, 1853, the weight to be 77.4 grains, fineness 900. The first coins of this denomination were struck in 1854; on the Obverse is a head, representing an Indian princess with hair lightly curling over the neck, head crowned with a circle of feathers the band of which is inscribed Liberty, and around the edge United States of America. Reverse: A wreath of tobacco, corn, wheat and cotton occupies the field, in it, in three lines, 3 Dollars 1854. No change has been made in these dies except date of the year. SILVER. In 1794 the first Silver Dollar was issued from the U. S. Mint, few were coined and the pieces, when in good condition, command a very high pre- mium. On the Obverse is an undraped bust, bare-headed, with hair flow- ing down the neck, over the head is Liberty, beneath, "1794"; seven stars around the edge fronting the face and eight behind it. Reverse: an Eagle with uplifted wings, standing upon a support, a wreath surrounding the bird is joined beneath with a ribbon, the Legend-United States of America is around the field, and on the edge of the coin is lettered Hundred Cents One Dollar or Unit, the words being divided by stars and sunken oblong marks. The first "Silver Half-Dollar was also coined in 1794; it is an exact counterpart of the Dollar, except in size and the edge lettering, which reads: Fifty Cents or Half Dollar. There are two types of the Dollar dated 1795, one of these is identical with the original coin, the other, made near the end of the year, shows the bust on the Obverse partially draped, with hair in loose curls, the ends of a ribbon appearing behind, there are only six stars facing the effigy and seven behind; the Eagle of the Reverse rests upon a mass of clouds. Until 1798 there was no change worthy of mention in the Dollar, in this year there are two issues bearing respectively fifteen and thirteen stars and on the Reverse of one type is the Eagle displayed, on its breast a large U. S. Shield, in the right talon an olive branch and in the left a bundle of arrows, an arch of clouds extendes from wing to wing enclosing thirteen stars, and from the beak floats a streamer inscribed E Pluribus Unum, Legend-United States of America. 48 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. OF LIBERT STATES *** M 1796 LIBERTY *** UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1806 STATES UNITED DHIBU SHINY BER LIBE TY LIBERT 1801 *** TED LIBERTY 1805 TE OF ໂດ 1796 LIB m STATES UNITED AMERIC 796 ** STATO UNI STATE PLURIBUS NUM UNIT ED OF 1796 MERICA rafkས པ་་ག་་ OF ERICA رس OF MERIC CATES UN LIBERTY 1807 路​好​公 ​OF MER CA TATES NITED 4 OF Doc AMERIE VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 49 The Half-Dollar of 1795 was the same as the original, but in 1796, on the Obverse of the coin was placed the draped bust with ribbon on hair as described in the second coinage of the 1795 Dollar, and the Reverse shows the Eagle supported upon clouds, the fraction beneath. Quarter-Dollars were first coined in 1796, in device they resemble exactly the Dollar and Half-Dollar of the same year, except that the edge is reeded, not lettered. No more "Quarters" were issued until 1804. In 1796 was first issued the Dime, with the exception that they are so proportioned in size and weight as to be the tenth part of a dollar; the original Dime is a fac-simile of the Quarter Dollar of the same year, the reverse bearing the "small eagle" resting upon clouds. The Half-Dime was the first silver coin made in the United States Mint. Half-Dismes they were originaly called when struck in 1792. In 1794 they were put in circulation and in that year and the next followed exactly the pattern of the Half-Dollars of the same date, with fourteen instead of thirteen stars. In 1796 this coin was a copy of the Dime of that year, with fifteen stars, and in 1797 there were three varieties all bearing the same general designs but with thirteen, fifteen and sixteen stars. The Dollar of 1799, in one type, has five instead of six stars facing the effigy, all others of that and each subsequent year, up to 1804, are like the larger issue of 1798. The Half-Dollar of 1797 was the same pattern as that of the year be- fore; during 1798 and 1799 no coins of this denomination were issued. In the Dime of 1797 there was no change from the first devices except the date and in one variety, which has sixteen stars. In 1798 the Reverse is changed to the eagle under the bow of clouds, like the quarter of 1804. From 1800 to 1805, inclusive, the Half-Dime shows thirteen stars on the Obverse; the large eagle being adopted on the Reverse. The Silver Dollar of 1804 is very rare, not more than ten are known to be in existence, and it is alleged that the dies were not made in the year for which they are dated, but long after that time, and for the purpose of striking coins for presentation. Dollars bearing this date (1804) lave been sold for $350 and $750. From this year to 1835 inclusive no Silver Dollars were issued. In 1800 no Half-Dollars were coined, and in 1801 the pattern was changed, making the Reverse similar to the dollar of same year and omit- ting the fraction "," which has never again been put upon the coin. The Dime from 1800 to 1807, both years inclusive, are identical with those of 1798. 2 Half-Dimes from 1800 to 1805 inclusive, have thirteen stars on the Ob- verse, with the "large eagle" Reverse, after 1805 the issue of coin was suspended until 1829. There were no Half-Dollars coined in 1804, but this year. the issue of Quarter-Dollars was renewed, though only a few were struck, and this coin bearing such date commands a high premium. The Reverse of this and also 1805-6 and 7, shows the displayed eagle with the stars and clouds above its head. From 1807 to 1815 no (( quarters were coined. On the Half-Dollar of 1807, the Liberty-head, facing to the left is adopted for the Obverse, the bust is draped with a Roman mantle, the hair falls gracefully over the shoulders, and on the head is a liberty-cap the band inscribed Liberty; seven stars are on the left of the effigy and six on the right; beneath is the date "1807.” Reverse: an Eagle, with wings ex- panded, the U. S. Shield upon its breast, three arrows in the left and an olive branch in the right talon; E Pluribus Unum, upon a scroll above, Legend―United States of America. Exergue “50c.” The punctuation marks were also left off the edges leaving thereon plain Fifty Cents or Half-a-Dol- lar. Both this and the old style are found in circulation. 50 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. LIBE E STATES PLURIBUS UNUM OF *** € STAT UNITED 1804 OF AME UNNET STATES DELING 50 OF AME ☆ ** ॐ UNI TBERM RICA STATES OF AM ICA OF UNUM STATES PLURIBUS UNITED ARIGRICE 28 ** 7834 * * * 10 C UNUM STATES OF AME E LURIBUS TED $25 Co STATES 1836 LIBERT OF AMI 1815 LIBERTY HALF DOL 1839 LIBERTY 1836 OF STATES HALE DIME AMERIC ONE mm UNITED DOLLAR STATES OF ONE DIME AMERICA 1841 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 51 In 1809 the Dimes were changed to correspond with the Half-Dollar of 1807, the Exerque being "10c.," and this style was continued until 1837, except in 1828 when there were large and small dates. In 1810, 1812, 1813, 1815, 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, and 1826 the Dime was not issued. There were overstrikes in 1798, 1811, 1814, and 1824. Coinage of Quarter-Dollars was resumed in 1815, the design being simi- lar to that of the new Half-Dollar of 1807. None were issued the two years following, in 1818 the same style were struck, nor was there any change in the pattern to the end of 1828 when there was again a suspen- sion of coinage of this piece. The 1823 "Quarter" is very rare and a specimen has brought one hundred dollars. In 1827 it is alleged that only four "Quarters" were coined but a number of pieces have been struck from the old dies since that time. There are overstrikes of Quarter-Dollar, 1806 over '05, 1823 over '22, 1824 over '23 and 1825 over '24. In Half-Dollars, with the exception of 1816 when there was no silver coinage, there is no change worthy of note until 1836, in the latter part of which year a smaller head was placed on the Obverse, what is known as the Gobrecht head, named for the artist who designed it; on the Reverse 50 cents replaces the "50 c., "the letters of the legend are smaller, and the edge is reeded instead of lettered. There are pieces of the old style also bearing this date. The Half-Dollars of interest to collectors, as overstrikes of previous years are, 1808 over '07, 1817 over '13, 1818 over '17, etc. A marked change in the Quarter-Dollar was made in 1831, the diameter was considerably reduced and to retain the legal weight there was a cor- responding increase in thickness. The devices were the same but the scroll with motto E Pluribus Unum was omitted from the Reverse. For five years there was no change made in our silver coins. In 1836 a Dollar of entirely new design was issued. On the Obverse is the full figure of the Goddess of Liberty seated upon a rock, the face is turned sideways and looking to the left, at her side is a U. S. shield across which floats a scroll inscribed Liberty, the left hand supports a staff on which is a liberty-cap, on the base, on which rests the figure, is C. Go- brect, F," the name of the designer and engraver. Exergue, Exergue, "1836. ” Reverse: An eagle in flight surrounded by twenty-six stars of different sizes, typical of the States of the Union. Legend- United States of America. One thousand dollars of this pattern were struck and eighteen pieces with the name of Gobrecht in the field above the date instead of upon the base of the support; this last variety brings a high premium. 2 In 1837 no Dollars were issued and there was a limited coinage of this denomination in 1838, the changes from 1836 being, on the Obverse, thir- teen stars were placed around the edge, seven being toward the right hand of the Liberty, five towards the left and one between the head of the figure and cap on the head of the staff; on the Reverse is the flying eagle, but all the stars are taken off the field. A fine proof dollar of 1838 is worth forty times its face value. The Dime was changed in 1837, the seated Liberty appears on the Ob- verse, no stars in the field, and the date under the figure. Reverse: The Legend― United States of America around the edge, inside of which are two half wreaths united below by a ribbon, and these encircle the words "One Dime" in two lines. In 1829 coinage of the Half-Dime was resumed, and from that year to 1837 inclusive, the pattern on this coin was a copy of the Half-Dollar of corresponding date. The Dollar of 1839 is similar to that of the year preceding; only a few hundred were coined and the pieces are so rare that they command a high premium. 52 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. LIBE OF UND STATES BLURIA UNITED AMERICA ** 25 C 1834 TIBERT UNITED STATES OF AMERICA t 25 STATES OF UNITED 1837 AMER OF AM AMERIC LIBERTE 1840 ** ぶ ​ONE DOL STATES OF AMER UNITED HALF DOL STATES TED 8. ONE 1841 *** 1841 *** STATES UNITED DE AMY UNITED STATES ONE DIME RIC OF AMERICA QUAR. DOL ***** *** 1879 DOLLAR STATESS OF *** NITED 1330 1838 1880 AM QUAR.DOR AADERICA ONE DIME VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 53 On the Half-Dollar of 1838 the only change is made in the Reverse, "Half-Dol." being substituted for "50 Cents." In 1839 the seated Lib- erty is placed on the Obverse; both styles were, however, issued that year, the small letters of the Reverse being retained. te For the year 1858 there are two types of Quarter-Dollar, the Liberty- head and the seated Liberty, Quar. Dol." on the Reverse. On the Dimes of this date the stars are added on the Obverse. In 1837 the Half-Dimes were made with the seated Liberty, without stars, but in '38 the stars were inserted. In 1840 the Reverse on the Dollar was changed, the eagle with out- spread wings is restored, with the U. S. shield on his breast, an olive branch and three arrows in the talons. Legend—United States of America, "One Dol." The edge is grained; this was the first authorized dollar having this feature. The Obverse device of 1838 was continued on the Dollar until 1873. The Reverse just described was unchanged until 1866 when a scroll was introduced, over the eagle, in which is the words, In God we Trust. The Three Cent Piece was first issued in 1851. On the Obverse is a "C" enclosing "III," and thirteen stars around the edge; the Obverse has a shield set in a star. Legend-United States of America, and the date. These coins were made with 25 per cent. of copper until 1854 in which year their fineness was raised to the regular standard for silver coinage, the star was given sharper points and an olive branch and bunch of arrows is introduced above and below the numerals enclosed by the "C.” No further changes were made in this coin up to discontinuance of its issue in 1873. In 1853 the Half-Dollar and all lesser silver were reduced in weight, the Half being made to scale 192 grains and the others in proportion. In order to distinguish coins of the new standard from the old ones bear- ing the same date there was an arrow head placed on each side of the date, and on the Reverse of the Half and Quarter-Dollar the eagle was encircled by diverging rays. In 1854 the rays are omitted and in 1856 the arrow heads were removed. The Dimes, from 1839 to 1859 inclusive, exactly resemble those of 1838, except in one type of 1853, and all coined in 1854, 1855, on which the arrows, indicating a reduced standard, are seen on each side of the date. On the Half-Dimes, from 1838 to 1860, the type of 1838, Liberty seated and stars, was continued. In 1860 another change was made in the Obverse of the Dime, consist- ing in removal of the stars and substitution therefor of "United States of America," the alterations of the Reverse were; taking off the Legend and filling the field with a wreath of cerals which encloses the words "One Dime" in two lines. A corresponding re-arrangement on the Half-Dime took place at the same time. The Dollar remained without alteration until 1873, when the coin of the country and National credit was disgraced by what is, or was known as the "Trade Dollar," a coinage authorized and coined in order to work up the surplus accumulation of silver from Nevada. By act of February 28th, 1873, the weight was ordered to be 420 grains, fineness 900, value $1.00, and they were legal tender to the amount of five dollars in one payment. It was understood that this coin was made and intended for the China trade, but they were soon extensively circulated throughout the Union, received at their face value by all classes, By Act of Con- gress, July 22d, 1876, the Trade Dollar was deprived of its legal tender value and became in a few years a Dollar which was no dollar, but a piece refused on every hand, and only purchased by dealers at 85 cents; its coinage was discontinued by law in 1878, but "proofs" were struck at 54. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. AMER * ** STATES UNITED OF LIBERTY 1870 AT& BU US LIBERTY Bath ICA ONE DOL STATES OF In God be trust AM ERIC UNUM☆☆☆☆ 1878 UNITE LIBERT III GOD VETRUST 1880 ONE DOLLAR STATES OF PLURIBUS UNUM CELLINO AMERICA མི་ AMERICA 900 FINE DOLLAR 420 GRAINS, TRADE 1838 TAJES 13 OF TWENTY OF 1875 NITED STATIS HALF **** Jose ABIGA ANTRIGA CISN อ VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 55 the Philadelphia U. S. Mint in 1879-80-81-82-83, and these being valuable to collectors, command a premium. In selecting a design for the Trade Dollar, the U. S. Congress had seven patterns to choose from; they adopted the most unmeaning and in- artistic. On the Obverse is an illy proportioned, gigantic Goddess of Lib- erty, seated upon a cotton bale, against the rear of which rests a sheaf of wheat, from the left hand trails a ribbon inscribed Liberty, the right hand is extended and holds an olive branch, seven stars are behind the figure, two behind its head and the branch and four directly in front; in a label at the effigy's base In God We Trust, and beneath all the date. Reverse Eagle with wings uplifted and head turned to the right, three arrows and an olive branch in the talons, Legend United States of America encircling upper half of the border, a scroll bearing E Pluribus Unum above the head of the Eagle; beneath the bird 420 Grains, 900 Fine, and the Exergue: Trade Dollar. We give this full description as the "Trade” is a dollar of the past and a piece which will remain discreditably his- torical. By Act of February 12th, 1873, the weight of the Half-Dollar was re- duced, to conform with the metric system, to 12.5 grams or 192.9 grains Troy; the Quarter-Dollar to 6.25 grams or 96.45 grains Troy; the Dime to 2.5 grams or 38.58 grains and the Half-Dime was discontinued. With the exception that a portion of each denomination above issued after after the change of standard, have the arrow heads on both sides of the date (1873), which distinguishing mark is continued through 1874; there has been no alteration in the devices of any of them or of the fineness, which has remained at 900 parts in 1000 fine. Dimes most valuable to collectors are those of 1796-7-8, 1800-1-2-3-4-5-7-9-11-22-46. The Twenty Cent Silver piece was authorized by Act of April 2d, 1875, to be 900 fine and weigh 77.16 grains. Legal tender at 20 cents for five dollars in one payment. The Obverse is a reduced fac-simile of the "Quarter" of same date. Reverse Eagle with uplifted wings, no motto or scroll; a star on each side in line with the ends of the wings, in talons of the bird three arrows and an olive branch, the head looks to the right, Legend United States of America. Exergue, Twenty Cents. The edge is plain. This coin was coined for circulation up to and through 1876. In 1877 and 1878 only "proofs" were struck and these are very rare, bringing a considerable advance on their face value. By Act of May 2d, 1878, the coinage of the Twenty Cent piece was discontinued. The Dollar of 1878 is known as the "Bland" and the "Standard" Dollar and it presents entirely new features. Obverse: a new and beau- tiful type of the Liberty head, with small cap at back, the hair falls in graceful curls over the neck, is rolled back from the brow and crowned with a band inscribed Liberty, between which and the cap front appear wheat-spears and other cereals; the Legend E Pluribus Unum forms a half circle above the effigy, seven stars front the lower half of the face and six are behind. Exergue, 1878. Reverse: An Eagle with wings high uplifted, as though poised for flight, the branch and three arrows grasped in its talons, head looking to the left, two half wreaths encircle the sides of the bird, and are joined by a ribbon knot below it, above its head be- tween the wings, in "Text" is In God We Trust, at the commencement and end of the Legend-United States of America is a six-pointed star. "One Dollar.' Exergue, The original piece showed eight feathers in the tail of the bird, on a new die made in 1878, by a mistake of the engraver. only seven feathers appeared in that appendage. Collectors generally in- sist upon having both varieties though the first mentioned is by no means rare. 29 Nickel Three Cent Piece, authorized by Act of May 3d, 1865, coined 56 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. RANCISCO AVIFORN WITH ?ESPIN STATE OF CALIFO D. ISCO ERA SAN STATE OF 21 DOLLARS SAN FRANCISCO 7051 STATE 5 OF DOLLARS 1851 CALTE FORNIA STATE CALIFORNI FRANCISCO SAN OF CALIF * 10. D STATES BOOTHOUS A UNITED STATES ASSAY OFFICE OF GOLD SAN FRANCISCO CALIFORNIA. 1853, AZY CALIFORNIA * MTL C.BECH 5 ER ATRUTH DOLLAR * 480 10 1860 LIBERT 1849 OLINA GUST 140 C RET 瓜​! 20. CARATS GOL FFICET GLD. UNITED LIBE TWENT STATE CAROLIN TMN D : ONE 8 COLD C.3.1 W B OF MERICA D. LIBERTY 1851 : 24. 1849 IGH LE HAGL HT OF H CA MINERS OF SAN ER * 30.. G C.BEC 0849 NTY BUTHER NA BAT TEN. D. 5853 TRANCISCO CALI WALE R I - S S DOLLA A HOLD N ㅁ ​엽 ​VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 57 the same year. Legal tender to amount of 25 cents; weight, 30 grains. Copper, 75 per cent.; nickel, 25 per cent. Obverse: Liberty-head, facing left, hair bound and crossed by band, coronet on forehead, inscribed Liberty, and date below. Reverse: A laurel wreath joined below by ribbon bow enclosing "III.” No change has ever been made in the design of this piece; of late only a few have been coined each year, as the demand for them is very slight. - Nickel Five Cent Piece, authorized by Act of May 16th, 1866, coined same year; 25 per cent. nickel, 75 per cent. copper, weight, 77.16 grains, legal tender to amount of 25 cents. Obverse: U. S. Shield, surmounted by cross, with sections of an olive wreathi pendent at each side, the feathered end and barb of an arrow appears on both sides of the shield's base, below all the date, and above the shield In God We Trust. Reverse: A circle of thirteen s ars and rays enclosing a large "5." Legend-United States of America; Exergue, "Cents." There are two types of "Nickel fives" in 1837, one in the original style and another with the "rays omitted from the Reverse, and they were never restored. In 1883 there was an entire change in the device of this coin and two varieties were issued. On the Obverse of both: A Liberty-head, facing left, coronet on forehead, inscribed Liberty, hair knotted, with single curl escaping down the neck, six stars fronting the face and seven above and behind the head, date below. Reverse: (No. 1) A Roman "V," encircled by two half wreaths of corn, cotten, wheat and tobacco, the ends joined beneath by a rib- bon bow, around the border, as Legend-United States of America.” Exergue, (in smaller "caps,") E Pluribus Unum. Reverse, (No. 2) has the same "V" and wreath, the Excrgue is changed to read " Cents," the Legend is as before with a "o" at each end, and E Pluribus Unum is transferred to the field above the wreath and between it and the legend. ( UNAUTHORIZED, OR PRIVATE COINS. A considerable number of coins have been issued, generally by companies or individuals connected with the gold mining interests, and though un- authorized by Congress all attained considerable local circulation, and in nearly every case fully reached the standard of weight and fineness claimed for them. The plentiful supply of legal money gradually drove these pri- vate pieces out of service; they now exist only as curiosities and as such we present fac-similes of some few. The California Ten-Dollar Piece was a bright, clear coin, issued by Moffat & Co. for several years, our cut shows one of the first, 1849. Tho weight, fineness and value was identical with the United States Coinage. Ten-Dollars of the Miner's Bank of San Francisco. Weight, 2633 grains; fineness, 865; value, $9.87. No date. Half-Eagle, N. G. & N., 1849, was fully up to its weight and contained no alloy other than that introduced by nature, the fineness therefor varied according to the virgin gold from which the picces, was struck, ranging from 870 to 892 thousandths, with consequent value of from $4.83 to $4.98. Mr. C. Bechtler at one time had his private mint at Rutherfordton, N. C., coining Half and Quarter-Eagles and One Dollar pieces, from gold mined in North Carolina and Georgia, which circulated extensively in the South and West. There are two series, of 5. 23, and one dollar, professedly 20 carats fine and 150 grains to five dollars. These bear no date and were issued prior to 1834. To the reduction in National Coin, which took place that year, Mr. Bechter conformed and added the date to his devices. The pieces are stamped "C,, (Carolina Gold) and the "G" (Georgia Gold). The establishment was abandoned in 1849. California Half-Dollars of Gold, were issued in 1852 and 1853. The first variety of the "Half was round, as here shown, another type was 7.? 58 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO. THE U. S. MINT. IN GOD WE TRU 1807 STATES UNITED STATES 5 CENTS OF AMERICA 1883. Nickel Five Cent Pieces. ALIN STATES FLUNGUS OFAN UNUM MERIC OF UNITED 1850 AMERICA III GOD WE TRUST ES OFAN PLURIBUS UNUM V GENTS MIERICA OF STATES 2 CENTS UNITED AMERICA AMERIC Nickel Three Cent Piece. LIBERTY 1793. 1864 Copper Two Cent Piece. UNITED STATES CENTS, COPPER. MERI UNITED ONE CENT 100 STATES LIBERT 793 STATES UNI ONE OF CENT OF LIBERTY LIBERTY STATES ONE CENT 1793 UNIT LIBERTY 1808 *** 1 AMER ICA STATES 1799 OF ONE CENT AM RICA VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 59 octagon in shape; a Quarter-Dollar in gold was also circulated which was a reduced copy of the second "Half." dollar Mormon Twenty-Dollars, Gold. Issued by "President" Brigham Young, of Utah. There was a series of these coins; 20, 10, 5, and 2 pieces. The obverse shows a Mormon Mitre, an eye, and the Legend. Holiness to the Lord. Reverse, two clasped hands, date in the field be- neath and around the border G. S. L. C. P. G." (Great Salt Lake City Pure Gold). 'Twenty-Dollars.” They passed for full face worth in Utah, but the intrinsic value varied from sixteen to eighteen dollars; the smaller denominations bearing relative proportions. (เ In 1858, "President " Young had a new die made for the Five- Dollar piece, and the coin was soon in circulation, on the obverse is the eagle behind a bee-hive, around it Assay Office, Pure Gold. Exergue "5. D." Reverse, a Lion, couchant, the date beneath, and the same legend as on the Obverse, in "Mormon " characters. 66 PATTERN PIECES. Since the establishment of the U. S. Mints, there have been innumer- able varieties of pattern pieces " prepared, suggesting endless variations of almost every coin. Generally, there are a very few struck, mostly in copper. and then the dies are stored away with the other "experiments.” Many of the patterns are very beautiful in design, such as these we illus- trate, but change in National Coinage is not advisable even to gain elegance, on account of consequent confusion. COPPER.. Two Cents. This coin first appeared in 1864, and was discontinued in 1873. The alloy was the same as the cent of the same period, and its weight 96 grains, "2 Cents," in two lines, is enclosed by two half wreaths of wheat, tied at the lower ends. Legend-" United States of America," reverse similar in design to the nickel Five Cent pieces, only the legend is in a scroll, and the crossed arrows, upon which the shield shield rests, seems to support its centre instead of its base. The Two Cent piece of 1872 is scarce; that of 1873, being only in proof sets, is very scarce. One Cent. There are four pattern cents bearing the date 1792, whether made in or designed to be used by the U, S. Mint is uncertain. They are all extremely rare. The largest, which exceeds the Half-Dollar in size, has on the Obverse a head of Liberty with flowing hair, which partly covers the bust on both sides, and faces toward the observer's right; the date in large figures, is immediately beneath the bust, and the Legend is Liberty Parent of Science and Industry. On the shoulder of the bust is the name of Birch; on the Reverse, in the centre, are the words "One Cent," surrounded by a circle; this is surrounded by a wreath, and it again by the Legend United States of America. The second in size is a trifle less in diameter than the Half-Dollar. Obverse: A naked bust of Liberty, facing right, with the hair confined Reverse: by a band and knot, beneath it "1792," above it "Liberty." An eagle, his wings raised, standing on a section of a globe, facing right; Legend United States of America. Only two of these are now known, one of them being in the Mint Cabinet. The small pattern cents are about the diameter of the present Quarter- Dollar, the only difference between them is that one of them has a plug of silver in the centre. They are both from the same dies. Obverse: Head of Liberty with flowing hair, looking toward the right; date, 1792 under the bust. Legend-Liberty Parent of Science and Industry; Re- 60 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. verse, "One Cent" in a wreath, and Legend United States of America”; at the base, 100. But it was not until the succeeding year, 1793, that the operations of the Mint were productive of much relief to the community in the matter of a circulating medium. Only the copper pieces were made this year. Of the cent there were three distinct styles and several varieties of dies of both Obverse and Reverse. T00 1. Chain Cents. These have a bust with flowing hair, looking right, with the date below and word "Liberty " above it; on the Reverse side, in the centre, is "One Cent," with "" below it enclosed in an end- less chain of fifteen links, typifying the number of States then in the Union. The Legend is United States of America in all excepting one die, which reads United States of Ameri, the engraver evidently not having room to complete the word. This being quite scarce is highly prized by some collectors of cents. The edges have in four sections alternately a vine and several bars. 2. Wreath Cents. Obverse, a bust with disheveled hair flowing freely, beneath it a sprig, in most cases of three figs or olive leaves; in a very rare variety it is of shamrock. The Reverse has two half wreaths, fastened by a ribbon at the bottom, the ro below and Legend at the last ; both sides have a beaded circle around the edge. Many Wreath Cents have the vine and bars; but one variety has the words "One Hundred for. a Dollar on the edge. "" 3. Liberty Cap Cent. These are larger in diameter, and are all lettered on the edge One Hundred for a Dollar." The letters on the Obverse and Reverse are larger than either of the preceding, and the beaded circles on the edges are more bold and striking than in the last. On the Obverse the flowing hair bust has a Liberty cap on a pole extending across and be- hind it. In its general character, the Cent of 1794 resembles the Liberty Cap Cent of 1793. It is slightly thicker and proportionately smaller in diame- ter. Instead of the beaded border, it has a serrated milling on both sides. Many dies were used during the year, whose slight variations have afforded a study to coin collectors. One of the resembles its predecessor in late almost exactly. Two others differ only in a slight degree. In others the letters and figures vary in size, position, etc., as also do the bust, cap, pole, different parts of the half wreaths and their connecting ribbon. Soine of them approach in style the Cent of 1795 and one is its exact counterpart. The essential difference between the main issues of 1794 and 1795 being that in the latter year the two or more adjoining hairs appear to be plaited together just before the termination. These varieties are hence sometimes called the "Pliæ. The lower combination, or plait, also makes less of a hook at the end in the 1795's. On the Reverse the most notable differences are, in one the absence of a dividing line in the fraction, and in another a ring of eighty-nine min- ute stars arranged around the periphery, some of them more obliterated by the milling. Both of these varieties are quite rare. have seen three only of each. or less We Of the Cent and Half-Cent of 1795 we have the lettered and the un- lettered edge variety. The latter are lightest in weight, in accordance with a law changing the standard for the future. In a few cabinets is found a cent, bearing date of 1795, that is wholly different in artistic make from all other Cents; the hair is much finer and brushed ont nearly straight; the lowest lock, however, is shaped like the letter S laid on its side; the profile and high cheek bones suggest those of an Indian. Some people imagine a resemblance to the portrait of Thomas Jefferson, hence it is popularly known as the "Jefferson Head Cent." The execution of VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 5 C1 the Reverse is equally distinguishing; the ribbon bow has three instead of two turns, the leaves are longer, the berries smaller and more numerous, and the stems finer than in any other United States Cent. Its orgin is a mystery, some believe it to have been a pattern, while others with more probability assign it to a counterfeiter. At all events it is sufficiently rare now to bring a good price; one hundred and forty-five dollars has been paid for the best specimen known to the large body of collectors. The Cents of this year, with lettered edges, are rarer than those without the lettering. They made a Liberty-Cap Cent in 1796. There was also made a new style of Obverse during this year, which also was used in 1797 and 1798. For the first time the bust is draped. A fillet on the back of head is revealed by its bow, but the hairs generally end in curls, one on the cheek, two on the neck and several others behind. The liberty- cap is omitted, as is the lettering on the edge, never to reappear on the American Cent. Both varieties of the Cent of 1796 are not rare, one about as plentiful as the other. But in an uncirculated condition, the liberty-cap is much less seldom seen than the other and will command about double the price. In 1797 no change to remark. In the year 1798 a slight change was made in the Obverse of the Cent, giving some of the curls a different termination from those of 1796, 1797, and the early part of 1798. The latter device was continued each year, until and including 1807. The Reverse remained unchanged until the same time, excepting some slight variations, probably unintentional, if not positive mistakes. For instance, in 1797 and 1802 we find some without stems to the wreaths, and in one case only one stem. In 1801 and 1802 some have instead of the fraction In addition to this error, a variety of the Cent of 1802 has "Iinited," instead of "United." In 1796 we have in one instance "Liherty," instead of "Liberty.' 29 In the changes made in 1808 an entirely new head was designed, facing left. Seven stars are to the left and six to the right. The head has a band tied across it, inscribed with the word Liberty, and the hair is curled gracefully below the bands on the Reverse. There is but one wreath, with the ends tied together, entirely encircling the words "One Cent," in two lines, with a point between them and the line below. This style con- tinued until the year 1814, inclusive. It was also adopted on the Half- Cent from 1809 to 1811, inclusive, when these coins were omitted until 1825. The same devices were then resumed until and including 1836, none being made in 1827 and 1830, and one variety in 1828 has but twelve stars. In 1815 no Cents were made at the United States Mint. In 1816 we have a different Obverse. The head is broader than that of 1808, etc., and the hair is "put up" in a knot at the back part. The stars surround the bust at regular intervals. This style with some variations, was con- tinued until the abolishment of the old copper cent in 1857, and the adop- tion of the nickel cent in its place; the most noticeable change being the following: In 1817 one variety has fifteen instead of thirteen stars. In 1838 the plain string that contines the hair is replaced by a beaded string, which was adopted thereafter. In 1839 there are five varieties, one of them is from an altered die of 1836. " Silly A second has the head and Reverse of 1838. A third has a lock on the forehead, and from the simple expression, is sometimes called the Head." A fourth has also a remarkable expression and is called the "Booby Head." The line and point on the reverse are left off in this. The fifth variety has a smaller head, less curly and more old maidish in execution. The stars a smaller and the letters on the reverse are larger. This last was continued until 1857. 1 62 ; VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. ** UNITED STATES CENTS, COPPER, Continued. ** LIBERTY 1816 * * STATES UN ONE OF CENT TV ME RICA LIBERTY 1839 * SPARES OF 185 ONE CENT STATES UNITED 1859 OF A EBICA ONE ONE CENT CENT First Nickel U. S. Cent, 1856. UNITED STATES HALF-CENTS, COPPER. ! 00294202 LIBERT LIBER 17.93v 1194 1809 ** STATES OF HALF UNITED OF STATES HALF CENT TENINA 200 AMERICA OF STATES HALF CENT IND CENT 200 AM RI AMERI LIBERTY 800 185 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 63 Overstrikes of Cents occurred in 1798 over 1797, 1799 over 1798, 1800 over 1799, 1807 over 1806, 1810 over 1809, 1811 over 1810, 1819 over 1818, 1820 over 1819, 1823 and 1824 both over 1822, and 1839 over 1836. In the Half-Cent series, we have 1802 over 1800, and 1808 over 1807. The most valuable Cents are about in the following order: 1795 Jeffer- son head, 1799, 1804, 1793, 1809, 1811, 1806, 1796, 1795, 1823. A fine Jefferson head has sold for $145. But fine cents of common dates often bring large prices. The sale of Mortimer McKenzie, in 1869, was most successful, 88 cents realizing $1295. A really fine set of Cents is worth $300 to $500, a fine set of Half-Cents, about $200. In 1856 the Cent was made of an alloy of Copper 88 per cent. and nickel 12 per cent. The device was an eagle volant with the usual Legend- United States of America, and date below the device. Reverse: Two half wreaths of cereals enclosing the words "One Cent." It weighed 72 grains. In 1859 the eagle was displaced by an Indian Head, with a crown of feathers fastened by a band inscribed Liberty. On the Reverse the cereal wreath was displaced by a wreath of laurel. In 1860 the Re- verse had a wreath of oak with a small shield separating the ends at the top. There has been no change in the designs of either side since 1860, but the alloy was changed in 1864 to copper 85 per cent., zinc and tin each 24 per cent., and the weight to 48 grains. The Half-Cent. Of the Half-Cents of 1793 there were several dies, but only one variety. They have Liberty-Caps like the Cent, but the bust faces towards the left, and the hair is confined by a fillet from the front and around the head; the edge is lettered "Two Hundred for a Dollar." Half-Cent of 1794 is like the Cent of that year, Liberty-Cap facing right, lettered edge same as 1793, there were several dies varying slightly, the differences not of much interest, of 1795 are two varieties, lettered and unlettered edge, the latter is lightest in weight, in accordance with a law changing the standard weight for the future. Thick planchet, lettered edge is the rarest of the two, the 1796 Half-Cent is the rarest of all the Half- Cents and a fine piece is worth over Twenty Dollars, 1797 is like the last, not very rare. We find one of this year with lettered edge, thin planchet, which in fine condition is very rare. 1798 and 1799 none were coined, but in 1800 the Half-Cent appears but changed in design similar to that of the Cent and the design was continued to 1808 inclusive, none were coined in 1801. The Half-Cent of 1802 in a fine condition is worth a large premium, in 1809 the design was changed to that of the Cent, and coined to 1811 inclusive, when coinage was suspended until 1825, the same devices were used until 1836 inclusive, none were coined in 1-27 and 1830, in 1828 one variety has but twelve stars. They again were coined in 1840 with the same pattern of the Cent of that year and continued without inter- mission until 1857- inclusive when their coinage was discontinued and none have been coined since. COLONIAL COINS. The brass pieces of money, known as the "Sommer Island" pieces, were undoubtedly the earliest coins ever struck for America. Their date and the history of the coinage is not known, although there is reason to be- lieve that they were current about the year 1616. John Smith, Governor of Virginia, in his history relates that Sir George Somers was ship-wrecked upon the Bermudas, or Sommer Islands, in 1612, and that four years later Daniel Tucker arrived as governor of these Islands. Smith adds that they found a certain kind of brass money in circulation with a "hogge on one side. It appears that the islands were infested with these brutes. The "" 64 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. ND S XII S COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL COINS. M QÇÛÛ ÛÛ∞¤000200 200. 1000000 Til חור ASS I 國 ​00000000 ← & “Sommer Islands" Brass. COPPE ME ALVE AS 시트 ​YOU 000 PLEAS E. a AM ooooo co co New England Sixpence. SHIL IN I. HVSE TH SA SET N FI 1737 000 CUT “Granby” or “Higley" Coppers. NEN noano VW 1000000 Pine Tree Shilling. ERS Xis EN 17. I. Chalmer's Six Pence. I GIVS GL ND 1652 XII WO ARI A •CT AFTED CH H "I. Chalmer's” Three-Pence. AECIL WAF TH ЭЛОУН ROL 1783 THREE CAMINIC OLI פו IN COLT FLEST CHALM Chalmer's” Shilling. REX NIA Virginia Half Penny. DNS ESC CRES TE LA INGL Lord Baltimore Shilling. ESTOREROFCOMMERC NO. STAMPS 1766 KS THAN TO THE The Pitt Token. OF. E·FRIENDS⋅ O AMERICA VIRGI VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 65 Sommer Island Shilling has on one side a hog in the centre with XII above, and both are surrounded with a beaded circle; exterior to and around the latter is the Legend-Sommer Island. On the Reverse side is a ship, with canvas spread and a flag on each of her mast-heads;´a beaded circle surrounds the exterior of both sides. The Sommer Island Sixpence is about half the size of the Shilling, and an exact counterpart, only that VI instead of XII surmounts the hog. Only three of the Shillings and one Sixpence are known; the former has been imitated. The New England Shilling, Sixpence, and Threepence, were the first silver coins made in America. They were simple thin planchets of silver, having N E stamped into one side, and XII, VI or III stamped into the other side. The authority for the coinage was given in the year 1652. It was shortly after followed by an emission of the Pine Tree money of the same denomination, and the Oak Tree money, which latter also includes a Twopence. On the Obverse side is a Pine or Oak Tree in the centre, around this a beaded circle; Legend, Masathvsets in; on the exterior is another beaded circle. On the Reverse, "1652, XII” rounded by two beaded circles, and between them "New England: An: Dom." Although they were coined for thirty years they all seem to bear the same date, viz., 1652. sur- Copper Coins. The Granby or Higley Coppers are thought to be the first made in America. They were made by a John Higley, at the town of Granby in Connecticut, from 1737 to 1739, inclusive. There are three different varieties of this coin. Their Obverses are similar: A deer stand- ing; below him a hand, a star, and III; around him is the Legend in- closed in two circles-Value me as you please. The Reverse of one variety has three hammers, crowned; around them in the circles "Connecticut," a star and 1737. The second Reverse has three hammers crowned, and the Legend-I am Good Copper, a hand, some dots fancifully arranged, and 1737. The third variety has a broad-axe and the Legend I Cut my Way Through; a few also have date 1739. All these varieties of the Granby Copper are quite rare, and when in a satisfactory condition they bring a high price. It is alleged that the fineness of the quality of the copper made them sought after as an alloy of gold, and their use in this way may, in part, account for their present great scarcity. Among the early American Colonials, the money of Maryland under the Proprietorship of Cecil the Second, Lord Baltimore, should not be omitted. Tobacco had been a common medium of exchange; furs were also made use of to some extent, also powder and shot. On one occasion his lordship's cattle were given to some of the soldiers, who had become mutinous for their pay. Ät a subsequent time a tax was levied upon the people of several of the counties for a particular purpose. To obviate the inconvenience of these media of exchange, the dies for a silver coinage of Shillings, Sixpence, and Groats, were prepared in London. A limited num- ber of each was struck, and they are all now rare-the Groats much the most SO. They each have a bust of Lord Baltimore, draped, looking_toward the observer's left. Legend-Cæcilivs: Dns: Terræ Mariæ: etc. Reverse; a lozenged shield, surmounted by a crown, and dividing the numerals XII., VI. and IV., Legend-Crescite: et: Multiplicamini. There is also in existence a copper piece, supposed to be unique, and evidently a penny. One side has a similar design with the silver pieces. The Reverse has a ducal coronet with two pennants flying. Legend— Denarium: Terra Mario. In the year 1783 a goldsmith of Annapolis, Maryland, issued silver tokens of three denominations: Shillings, Sixpence and Threepence. The Shilling has two hands clasped within a wreath. Legend-I Chalmers Annapolis. Reverse: A circle is divided by a horizontal bar; above it is 66 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL COINS. G.BRI-FRA SAAM RICANA 1723 JECCE MIDY GE SA ET HIB 3.REX RGI GEOR ми II D мими REX TU TULLE AMER Dunci CANA:17 33 UTILE DULCI "Rosa Americana” Pennies. ΒΕΣ RE EX Mark Newby Copper. SITNON ME NIWOGA OMEN COLONIES FRANÇOISES 1722 H GOD PRESERVE CAROLINA AND THE LORDS PROPRIETORS 1694 Carolina Elephant. mmmm CTUM BENE French, Louisiana Coppers. BUS I. MMUNIS KOPLUR UMBI LU A DEPEN UNUM ཕ 187 New York immunis Columbia. U. S. A. Bar Cent. AMER TENSS STATUS ICA 1773 "Non Dependens Status." VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 67 a serpent, below it are two doves vis-a-vis, holding a branch in their beaks. Legend-One Shilling, 1783. The Sixpence has a five pointed star within a wreath. Legend-I Chalmers. Annapolis. Reverse: A long cross, two arms terminating in stars and two in crescents, a leaf in each angle. Legend-I. C. Sixpence, 1783. The Threepence has two hands clasped within a wreath. Legend-I. Chalmers. Annap's. Reverse: A branch en- circled by a wreath. Legend-Three Pence, 1783. The Shilling is rather common; a good one brings three dollars. The Sixpence is rare and sells from Six to Ten Dollars when fine. The Groat is scarce and worth Eight or Ten Dollars. Another private token in silver is sometimes called the Baltimore Town Piece. It has a head facing left in a circle. Legend-Baltimore Town, July 4, 1790. Reverse: "Three Pence," within a circle, underscored. Legend-Standish Barry. The piece brings Eight Dollars and more. In 1682, the colonial legislature of New Jersey passed a law legalizing a kind of copper money brought from Ireland by a settler named Mark Newby. There were two sizes, bearing different legends on the Reverse. On their Obverse, King Charles the First, in the character of King David appears kneeling and playing upon a harp. Above the harp is a crown with a piece of brass inserted into it. Legend-Floreat Rex. The larger piece has on the Reverse, St. Patrick standing, holding a trefoil or sham- rock in his right hand and a crozier in his left. Several people are around him, apparently to receive his blessing. At his left is a shield with the coat of arms of Dublin. Legend-Ecce Grex. The small coin has on its Reverse St. Patrick standing, in his left hand a double cross, the right is extended. Snakes and other reptiles are flee- ing before him. At the right is a church. Legend-Quiescat Plebs. A few of the smaller size are found in silver. But in either metal they are very scarce, and usually they are badly worn by circulation. A token much prized by collectors is known as the Carolina Elephant. The Obverse is from a rather common English token known now as the London Elephant. The animal is standing with his head down. There is no legend. Reverse: "God: preserve: Carolina: and the Lords: Proprie- ters 1694." This is in six lines. One variety spells one word Proprietors, and is a great rarity. There is also a New England Elephant. Obverse from the same die as the last London piece. Reverse: "God: Preserve: New England: 1694,” in five lines. Only two or three of these are known at the present time. A very fine one sold in the Mickley collection in 1867 for $235.00. William S. Appleton, of Boston, was the purchaser. An interesting medalet that passed as money among the colonists is known as the Pitt token. A bust of the orator is circumscribed with the Legend―The Restorer of Commerce 1766: No Stamps. The other side has a ship with canvas spread and five flags flying, sailing towards the ob- server's right; she is about striking on the word "America," which is placed in a straight line in the right field. Legend-Thanks to the Friends of Liberty and Trade. The piece brings from Twenty-Five Cents to Five or Six Dollars, according to condition. The needs of the colonists for a circulating medium was met in 1722-23 by the issue of the Rosa Americana money. A man named William Wood obtained patents for coining Irish and American tokens. Both of them, however, were much used in the latter country. The Rosa's are in a com- position according to the terms of the patent, of silver, brass and spelter. The largest piece, usually called the penny, has a head of George I., lɔok- ing to the right, laureated. Legend-Georgivs: D: G: Mag: Bri: Fra: et. Hib: Rex. Reverse; a full-blown rose (in some cases surmounted with a crown.) Legend—“Rosa Americana, 1722” (or 1723.) On a scroll below is 68 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL COINS. 77 ET.LIB A "Nova Eborac.” VIRTU TE EB VI NON RACE ENS I S GURIBUS 過 ​1787 ☆ UNUME SIGELSION New York "Excelsior" Copper. SILVER RGE GEOR * INTON; TOY ANGELSI George Clinton Copper. NUM LU 1787 BORA COLUM BI ONSL STOR Brasher's Doubloon. COMME DETALBOT ALLUMG EE VIC I) או 1786. N. Y. Washington Cent. PORTERS,D SILVER M GOY N. པའ CLOCKS BALER SEC ARE www WATCHES or จากการ RERS JERMON ANYW The Mott Token. NEW ALLUM FORK & MMA ONE CENT 3 IND JCTOR I LEE ERT 17 RCE. STORE VEDRAL REV Talbot Allum and Lee Tokens. ET LIB☆ EN ERMON SIUM 1788 1786 Vermont Coppers. RE S LICA UBLE QUARTA ་ CIMA VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 69 the sentiment "Utile Dulci." One variety is without the scroll. The Half- penny is similar; a few are found with the date 1724. The Farthing is also similar. The words Utile Dulci are never found on the uncrowned Halfpence and Farthings. Fine specimens of the Rosa's bring from Five to Ten Dollars each. The rarer varieties, of course, much more. An extremely rare Rosa Americana of the largest size exists, of the date 1738. One of them is said to be in the British Museum. Another was sold from the collection of Dr. Chas. Clay, of Manchester, England, in New York City, in the year 1871, for $190. Obverse, laureated bust of George II, Georgivs II., D. G. Rex." Reverse; rose branch with seven leaves, a full-blown rose and a bud crowned; "Rosa Americana, 1733.” "Utile Dulci," on a scroll, beneath the rose. 66 We sometimes meet with a copper coin something smaller in diameter and not so thick as the old U. S. Cent, having the following characters: Obverse, two L's crossed under a crown, Legend-Sit Nomen Domini Benedictum. Reverse: "Colonies Francoises 1721 H." Sometimes the date is 1722. The piece tells its own story, being issued during the minority of Louis XV by the French Government for its Colonies. As Louisiana was one of these, it probably circulated there, and is accordingly classed among American Colonials. Another considerably heavier copper, engrailed on the edge was issued by the same government in the year 1767. Obverse: Two flambeaux, crossed and tied together. Legend-Colonies Francoises L. XV. Reverse: Three fleur-de-lis under a crown, are encircled by two half-wreaths fastened by their stems. Legend-Sit Nomen Domini Benedictum 1767. The majority of those now seen have had the three fleur-de-lis obliter- ated by the letters R F stamped upon them. This, it is believed, was done by order of the Republican Government after its establishment. The well-known Virginia Half-Pennies seem to have been very plentiful. A number of different dies were used. A laureated bust of George the Third is surrounded, as on the English Halfpenny, with his title "Georgivs. III. Rex." The Reverse has an ornamental and crowned shield, em- blazoned quarterly: 1, England empaling Scotland; 2, France; 3, Ireland; 4, the electoral dominions. Legend-Virginia. Date, 1773. One variety is so much larger than the others as sometimes to be called the penny, but it is not nearly large enough. A similar devise, dated 1774, has been found in silver, and is known as the Virginia Shilling. It is possible that a coinage of Shillings for Vir- ginia was intended at this time, of which the above was a pattern. How- ever this may have been, the coin is of great rarity, probably less than half a dozen in all are known to coin collectors of the present day. A very rare if not unique piece, whose history is not known, is called the "Non Dependens Status," from the Legend on the Obverse. This Legend surrounds a draped bust, facing right, the hair falling on the shoulder. Reverse: an Indian in a tunic of feathers, facing left, seated on a globe. In his right hand is a bunch of tobacco; his left rests upon a shield. Legend-America. Date, 1778. Judging by the copy that has been made of this piece, which is said to have been engraved only, it must be a fine design handsomely executed. The Bar Cent is believed to have been made in England, in the year 1785, and sent over to New York for circulation in America. It has the monogram U. S. A. in large Roman letters. In one variety the S is over the other letters, and in another the S is over the U, and the A over the S. The Reverse has thirteen parallel bars. A good Bar Cent can be had for Three or Four Dollars. Other pieces made probably in this country, but not authorized, that were intended for the needs of the New York colonists, will now be described. 70 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. &INDE ETLIB COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL COINS. RI: FOR AUC งร 87 Connecticnt Copper- VAON REA CESAR 1 NO NNECTS OVA CAES AREA UR ! IB BUS 888 SMUME CASAR 1786 New Jersey Copper. LURIBUS # W #UNUM. ☆ S AC M HU CENT 1788 S E TTS 1786 New Jersey "Nova Cæsarea" Coppers. NO COMM 1788 Massachusetts Cent. U STELL ATI UNE IMMU W AON 1783 "Immune Columbia." WE EALTH OL LUMBIA EB ET W JUSTIT 17.1785 LNIMIC CON ST “Nova Constellatio.” TYR AMERIC LLATI AON NFEDERA 1785 "Inimica Tyrannis.” D E T I UNIS OL WAI UMB IA FE RA TIO 1786 1783 “Immunis Columbia.” VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 71 The Nova Eboracs have a laureated head, facing right, with mailed bust, Legend-Nova Eborac. Reverse the Goddess of Liberty, seated upon a globe; in one variety facing right, in three others facing left. She holds the liberty pole with a cap in the right hand, and an olive branch in the left. Beside her is the New York Shield. Legend-Virt. et Lib. Date, 1787. The common varieties bring, in good condition, about Dollar. a The Excelsior Coppers have the coat of arms of the State of New York, with the word "Excelsior" in the exergue. Reverse: an eagle dis- played; on the breast a shield argent; in one talon a bundle of arrows, in the other an olive branch and thirteen stars about his head. Date, 1787, Two varieties; in good condition, Fifteen to Twenty Dollars. The New York Washington Cent has a bust with wig, and with military draping, face right. Legend-Non vi virtute vici. Reverse, the Goddess of Liberty, seated, with liberty pole and scales of justice. Legend-Neo Eboracensis. Date, 1786. The New York Immunis Columbia has the Goddess of Liberty, seated upon a globe, the scales in her left hand, and liberty pole, with cap and flag, in the right. Legend—Immunis Columbia. Date, 1787. Reverse: An eagle displayed, with arrows and olive branch in his talons. Legend- E Pluribus Unum. The George Clinton Copper has the bust of Governor Clinton facing right, with Legend-George Clinton. Reverse: the State arms of New York, and in the exergue "1787 Excelsior." This last Reverse is found also combined with the Liber Natus, which has an Indian standing, fac- ing left, with tomahawk in the right hand and bow in the left, a bundle of arrows also at his back. Legend-Libcr Natus Libertatem Defendo. This latter Obverse is also found combined with another Reverse as follows: An eagle stands upon a section of the globe. Legend-Neo Emboracus 1787 Excelsior. The foregoing are very rare, excepting the Immunis Col- umbia, which sells in good condition for Five Dollars or more. The others, including the N. Y. Washington, bring from Twenty-five to more than a hundred dollars. Brasher's Doubloon has the device, a sun rising from behind a range of mountains, in the foreground the sea, "Brasher" underneath, and a beaded circle around. Legend-Nora. Eboraca. Columbia. Excelsior. Re- verse: An eagle displayed with shield upon his breast, and arrows and olive branch in his talons, thirteen stars about his head. “E. B.,” in an oval has been struck in his right wing. Legend-Unum E Pluribus 1787. Only about four of the gold pieces are known, one of them in the U. S. Mint cabinet. The Mott tokens were issued by the Mott firm in N. Y. City, and are considered the first tradesmen's tokens coined in America. Device: A clock with an eagle perched upon the top. Legend-Motts, N. Y. Impor- ters, Dealers, Manufacturers of Gold and Silver Wares. Reverse: An eagle with wings expanded, facing left; a shield is upon his breast, and the talons have arrows and olive branches respectively. Above is the date, 1789. Legend-Chronometers, Clocks, Watches, Jewelry, Silver Ware. The Talbot, Allum & Lee tokens have as device a ship sailing towards the right. Above the ship "New York." Legend-Talbot, Allum & Lee, One Cent. Reverse: The Goddess of Liberty standing beside a bale of merchandise, her right hand supports the liberty staff with cap, her left rests upon a rudder. Legend-Liberty and Commerce. Date, 1794. On the edge "Payable at the store of." In 1795 there was a slight variation, reading as follows on the Obverse : "At the store of Talbot, Allum & Lee, New York." On the edge, “We promise to pay the bearer One Cent." Of course the date was 1795. 72 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. N WASHINGTON TOKENS. GTON & ANDEPEN NIH SVE N G 10 AMERICA OF AM STATES CONE CENT ALINO 100 ທ້ານນາບາງ "Unity States" Cent. GTON WA RESIDENT 1783 ONE CENT ASH The "Double Head” Cent. ERPOOL LI HAL FPD PENN NOLD! ONE 1791 The "Large Eagle" Washington Cent. CENT HIN PRESIDENT, HADPFENNI PRES The "Small Eagle" and Half-Penny. CENT 1793 1792 The "Naked Bust" Cent. The **1792" ON HING G.W PRESIDE J792 ENT.I GEORGE WASHI THE STATE *1*1: OJ "Success" Token. STATES OF UN AMERICA SUCCE Cent and Half-Dollar. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 73 The tokens of Mott and of Talbot, Allum & Lee are quite plentiful. That of the latter of 1795 is scarcer than the 1794. From one to two dollars will purchase any of the three, in fine condition. In the year 1785 permission was given to Reuben Harman, Jr., of Ver- mont, by the Legislature of that State, to coin copper money. In the latter part of the year they first appeared, and were coined in 1786, 1787 and 1788. The first bore the following devices: A sun rising behind a wooded range of hills, beneath it a plow. Legend-Vermonts Res Publica, on one variety and Vermontis Res Publica on another. Reverse: An eye with a small circle, surrounded with twenty-six rays, one-half of each being longer than the alternate half. A circle of thirteen stars fills up the spaces between the end of the short rays and the long ones. Legend-Stella Quarta Decima. In 1786 a similar style was adopted on one variety, but the legend reads Vermontensium Res Publica. On the Reverse the long rays terminate in sharp points, and the others are omitted. Another variety was totally different. It has a laureated bust, facing right, with the Legend-Auctori Vermon. Reverse: The Goddess of Liberty seated, facing left, with staff and olive branch. Legend-Inde et Lib. This is called the Baby-head Vermont, and is valued at from 50 cents to $2.00, according to condition. The third variety has the head facing left, and is rather scarce. In 1787 the head faces in two varieties toward the right, and in one towards the left; the legend on the Reverse of the latter is Britannia. It is common. In all the issues of 1788 the head faces right. There are a number of varieties, some common and others rare. There is a rare Vermont, bearing for Reverse an "Immunis Columbia," exactly like that formerly described, excepting that it is dated 1785, and the legend reads Immune Columbis. In good condition it is worth Five Dollars. The Tory Cents are of two kinds; one of these has the Reverse "Immune Columbia," the other has that of the ordinary Vermont coppers of 1788. The Obverses are similar to the English half-pence of the period, having a laureated bust of George III, with his title, "Georgivs III., Rex." Authority was given, in 1785, to Samuel Bishop, James Hillhouse, Joseph Hopkins and John Goodrich, to coin coppers for Connecticut. The dies were made by Abel Buel, of New Haven. They were coined in the period from 1785 to 1789 inclusive, and are similar to those of Vermont of 1788, excepting that the legend is Auctori Connec. In each year differ- ent varieties have the head facing right in some cases and left in others, The most noteworthy of the Connecticut's are, the African Head of 1785. the "Et Lib Inde," and Hercules Head of 1786, the "Et Lib Inde,” Governor Bradford Head, Horned Bust, Laughing Head, Connect, Auctobi, Auctopi, and Auciori of 1787; and the Conlec of 1788. The most of these are not rare and can usually be had in very good condition for a dollar or less. The coining of coppers for New Jersey was given by law to Walter Mould, Thomas Goadsby and Albion Cox. There were two Mints, one at Elizabethtown and one at Morristown. They have a horse head, usually facing right, with a plow below it, and the legend-Nova Cæsarea. Date in the exergue. Reverse: A shield with the motto around the border E Pluribus Unum. In ordinary condition the New Jersey can be had for from ten to fifty cents. The most popular varieties are: Plow without coulter, Plow with date under the beam, Plow with Immunis Columbia, 1786, for Obverse, $1.00 to 3.00 $100.00 D $50.00 74 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. ORGI COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL COINS. IN GTON WA PRES ENT : 1792 The Washington Token with Stars over the Eagle. TRIUMPHO 1783 POPOL URI L NY THE STRENGTH OUR CAUSE 15 JUST SI ALINING UN UM OF SOCI "Kentucky" Cent. LE BY P.F•P.MYD "Georgius Triumphio” Copper. BRITI SETTL HA Tu ! GOPPER COMFANY OF UPPER CANADA 10☆ 179 NO P EN ENTAL AN English Kentucky Tokens. CI IN Z MIND YOUR FU GO TO BUSINESS URENCE 17762 BM OR EGIA IN CO NIT Continental Currency. ARE ONE A SS NG FUG MIND YOUR BUSINESS 17874 العالمان “Fugio" Cent. AYAVALAYAYAY MIND YOUR BUSINESS DELTON VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 75. Plow with Gen. Washington bust, 66 66. E Pluribus Unum, Horse head facing left, With a fox or horse on the Reverse, $150.00 $2.00 to 4.00 1.00 to 5.00- 1.00 to 4.00· Dr. E. Maris, of Philadelphia, has published a history of the coins of New Jersey, with a large phototype plate of the Obverses and Reverses of all known varieties. They are of the natural size and make 140 pictures. Massachusetts coined Cents and Half-Cents, each dated 1787 and 1788. They are similar in design, having an Indian standing with a bow in his right and an arrow in his left hand. Legend-Commonwealth, separated by a five-pointed star. Reverse: An eagle displayed, on his breast a shield (: Cent argent, six pales gules, a chief azure; on the chief the word "" or Half-Cent"; in the eagle's right talon is an olive branch, and in his left a bundle of arrows. Legend-Massachusetts. Date in the exergue. The Cent is worth a Dollar in fine condition, the Half-Cent twice as much as the Cent. There are several pieces in silver, of patterns designed for the Colonies, which are of two sizes. They have an eye in the centre, surrounded with thirteen rays and thirteen stars between the points, similar to the Reverse of the Vermontensium pieces. Legend-Nova Constellatio. Reverse: A wreath encircles "U. S. 1000" on the large and "U. S. 500" on the smaller piece. Legend-Libertas Justitia, and the date, 1783, in the exergue. One variety of the smaller-sized piece is without date or legend on the Reverse. All are extremely rare or unique. The copper Nova Constellatios are similar in design to the silver pieces above described. One variety has wedge-shaped blocks, pointing towards the centre, between each of the stars. Another has the Legend spelled "Nova Constelatio." Some varieties have, on the Reverse, Roman and others script letters in the centre (U. S.,) but none have the denomina- tional figures like the silver pieces. They have various dates, 1783, 1785 and 1786. The latter are exceedingly rare, the others are all common. Somo rare combinations are, with Immune Columbia" 1785 Reverse, worth Fifteen or Twenty Dollars, and the same with the wedge-shaped rays and "Immune Columbia" Reverse, lately sold for One Hundred Dollars. Of the "Inimica Tyrannis " Coppers there are two slight variations in the Obverse. An Indian is standing before an altar with his right foot upon a crown. In his left hand is a bow, in the right an arrow, and a quiver full of arrows on his back, Legend-Inimica Tyrannis Americana. There are two Reverses. In each there is a cluster of thirteen stars in the centre, with a glory surrounding them, in one case having twenty-four and in the other sixteen rays. Legend-Confederatio. Date 1785. Both Ob- verses are combined with the first-named Reverse, and one of them with both Reverses. The Reverse "Confederatio," is also combined with a Re- verse "Nova Constellatio" 1785, with the Gen. Washington head men- tioned in the coins of New Jersey, with the "Immunis Columbia" 1786, and with a Reverse similar to that on the Excelsior Cent described on former page, excepting that it is dated 1786. The last-named die is also found with the Gen. Washington_and_with that, the N. J. shield, which is an Obverse to the "Immunis Columbia " of 1786. Washington Tokens. There are in existence a large number of copper and silver pieces having a bust of Washington on one side. Only those tokens that were issued for or were used as money will be described here, all others being properly medals or medalets. The Unity States Cent has a bust of Washington, draped and facing left. Legend-Washington and Independence 1783. Reverse, "One Cent " 76 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. in two lines, enclosed by two olive branches, fastened at the bottom with a ribbon. Legend-Unity States of America. This is supposed to be of French origin. A similar Obverse is found combined with a different Reverse, having Liberty seated looking left, with pole and cap on it in the left hand, and with an olive branch in the right hand, which is extended. Legend- United States above. There were two dies of this variety; one pair of them still exists in England, and proof-impressions are furnished from them, some in silver and others in copper; the latter has an engrailed line on the edge to distinguish it from original impressions. Two other dies have smaller heads on their Obverses; they are known as the "Small Head Washington," those last previously described are known as the "Large Head Washington.” The Double Head Washington has a small head on both Obverse and Reverse. The former has the Legend- Washington; the latter the Legend— One Cent. The Large Eagle Washington Cent has a bust of Washington_in military costume, facing left, the hair tied in a queue. Date, 1791. Le- gend-Washington President. Reverse: a large eagle displayed, on his breast a shield argent, six pales gules; in his beak is a scroll bearing the motto, "E Pluribus Unum"; in his right talon is an olive branch, in the "One Cent; left a bundle of arrows; above the head are the words, "" on the edge are the words, "United States of America. The Small Eagle Washington Cent is precisely like the large Eagle Cent on the Obverse, excepting that the date is wanting. The Reverse has a smaller eagle than the last, displayed, with the wings upraised and the talons grasping the olive branch and arrows; a shield on the breast is similar to that on the large Eagle Cent excepting that it has a Chief azure. The words "One Cent" are above, and the date 1791, at the base; a circle of clouds extends from wing to wing of the eagle, and eight stars are about his head. The edge is lettered "United States of America.' The last described Obverse is found with another Reverse, which has a ship with canvas spread, sailing toward the light; above it is the Legend— Halfpenny; the date is 1793. "" The Naked Bust Washington Cent has the undraped bust of Wash- ington facing right, the hair tied with a fillet, date 1792. The Reverse is similar to the Small Eagle Cent, excepting that the date is wanting, also the clouds, and there are six instead of eight stars. All the foregoing Washington pieces except the first-described are of English origin. The next are from dies supposed to have been made in Philadelphia, by Peter Getz, of Lancaster, Penna. The 1792 Washington Cent and Half-Dollar resemble on the Obverse the large eagle Cent, excepting the date 1792 instead of 1791, and the legend which reads G. Washington President I. The Reverse resembles that of the small eagle Cent, excepting that there are fifteen stars instead of eight; the clouds are wanting and the body of the eagle is larger in the 1792 piece. When in copper this is called the Cent; " when in silver the "Half-Dollar." They are larger in diameter than the other Washington Cents. The next described pieces are of unknown origin. The Washington Piece with stars over the eagle, resembles the large eagle Cent of 1791, excepting that on the Obverse the date is 1792, and the Reverse, in place of the words "One Cent," there is a single star over the head of the eagle, above which twelve similar stars form a curve reaching from wing to wing of the eagle. It is found in copper and silver; some specimens have the edge lettered "United States of America." VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 77 The following token is supposed to be of American origin. A bust of Washington with queue, facing right. Legend-George Wash- ington. Reverse: A liberty-cap in the centre, with rays radiating around it, every third ray being longer than the rest and separated from each other, fifteen stars arranged in a circle. Legend-Success to the United States. It is usually in brass, but rarely it is found in copper, and is of two sizes, the larger something larger than the early U. S. Quarters, the other a shade larger than the early Dimes. A few English tokens, usually classed as Colonials, referring to this country, will now be mentioned. The Georgivs Triumpho copper has a head laureated, facing right. Legend-Georgivs Triumpho. Reverse: Goddess of Liberty facing left, behind a frame of thirteen bars with a fleur-de-lis in each corner An olive branch is held in her right hand, a staff of liberty in her left. Legend-Voce Popoli. Date 1783. Worth a Dollar in fine condition. The North American token has a female seated, facing left, with a harp. Legend-North American Token. Date 1781. Reverse: A ship sailing to the left. Legend-Commerce, Worth fifty cents when fine. The Auctori Plebis has a bust, laureated and draped, facing left. Legend Auctori: Plebis. Reverse: A female seated, with her left arm resting on an anchor, the right on a globe; at her feet is a lion. Legend- Indep. et liber. Daté 1787. Worth One to Three Dollar. The Franklin Press has an old-fashioned printing press and Legend- Sic oritur doctrina surgetque libertas. Date 1794. Reverse: Payable at the Franklin Press, London, in five straight lines. Worth fifty cents in fine condition. A popular token, known as the Kentucky Cent, has a hand holding a scroll inscribed "Our Cause is Just." Legend-Unanimity is the Strength of Society. Reverse: A radiant pyramid, triangular in shape, of fifteen stars united by rings, each star having placed in it an initial of a State, Ken- tucky being at the top. Legend-E Pluribus Unum. It is often found considerably circulated, showing it to have been used, and sells from fifty cents to several dollars, according to condition. Two other Kentucky tokens of beautiful execution, which do not appear to have been circulated, are sometimes brought over from England. They have the same Obverse, which has for a device a female, personating Hope, bending before an anchor and presenting two children to a female who stands with a liberty-cap in the right hand and with the other outstretched to receive them. Legend-British Settlement Kentucky. Date 1796 Re- verse (No. 1) Britannia with bowed head, holding a spear inverted; a fasces, broken sword and scales of justice lie at her feet; before her is a cap of liberty. Legend-Payable by P. P. P. Myddleton. Reverse; (No. 2) "Copper Company of Upper Canada," in four straight lines within a wreath, is surrounded with the Legend-One Half Penny. Both of these tokens are found in copper with the first described Reverse. It is some- times found in silver. The Continental Currency Piece has thirteen rings linked together, each bearing the name of a State. Legend-American Congress, on a label around the centre. In the centre are the words "We are One." Between the legend and rings a circle of rays are seen. Reverse: A sun-dial with the sun shining upon it on the left side. Legend-Continental Currency. Date 1776 below. "Mind Your Business" below the dial; ઃઃ near the sun and under "Continental." Fugio" These pieces are as large as a silver dollar and are usually in tin, but a few are known in silver and one in brass. One variety has currency spelt with one and another, which is rare, has "E. G., Fecit," at 66 'r", 78 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. the base of the inner circle. The common variety brings about Two Dollars. One of the most interesting and most widely circulated of all the Colon- ial series remains to be described. They are called the Fugois or Frank- lin Cents and are the earliest coins issued by authority of the United States. They are all dated 1787, and are made in conformity with the following resolution of Congress, dated July 6th, 1787: "Resolved, That the Board of Treasury direct the contractor for the copper coinage to stamp on one side of each piece the following devices, viz. Thirteen circles linked together, a small circle in the middle, with the words 'United States' round it and in the centre the words We are One'; on the other side of the same piece the following device, viz. : A dial with the hours expressed on the face of it; a meridian sun above, on one side of which is to be the word Fugio' and on the other the year in figures 1787; below the dial the words Mind Your Business.' Great numbers of these pieces were coined, and yet they bring, in per- fect condition, seventy-five cents to one dollar. A number of dies were made, varying slightly. In some cases the word "States" preceded "United." A number of impressions in silver and also in alloy of copper and zinc, from original dies, were struck a few years ago. There are also a few pieces in existence that differ more widely from those authorized by the resolution of Congress. One of these has stars within the rings, others have the names of the States on the rings, with the words "We are One" omitted and "American Congress" taking the place of "United States." Some of them have an eye in the centre, and all of them rays between the motto and the rings. The Obverse is with- out any letters. One specimen is known in brass, and five of different patterns in silver. They all would command high prices, those in silver especially so, but have rarely passed hands. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 79 STANDARD NUMISMATIC WORKS. The publisher of The Visitor's Guide furnishes, at prices quoted, the following standard publications, relating to Numismatics, or any of kindred character known in America or Europe. Coins of New Jersey, an exhaustive work upon this special subject, by Edward Maris, M. D. $4.00. Monograph of U. S. Cents and Half-Cents. 1 Nine Heliotype plates, with hundreds of illustrations, by Edward Frossard. $3.00. The Early Coins of America, and Laws Governing their Issue. A valuable and complete work; 1000 heliotype plate and wood cut illustra- tions, by Sylvester S. Crosby.' $12.00. U. S. Silver Coin Type Table, picturing every known variety of dollar, half and quarter, giving the numismatic value of each and the prices paid therefor, at sales of Nov. 28, 29 & 30, 1881, 75 cts. The Coin Collectors Illustrated Guide, published quarterly, by A. M. Smith, a bright, newsy, original periodical, filled with matter of in- terest to every Collector or amateur, with pages of finest coin illustrations, quotations of market value of rare coins, reports of prices brought at latest sales, and a vast amount of information to the business, literary and scientific community. Subscription price only 75 cts. per year with pre- miums; Single numbers, of current issue, 25 cts. Back numbers, (prior to 1835) 6 for 60 cts. Address, P. O. Box 754, Philadelphia, Pa. Encyclopædia of Gold and Silver Coins of the World, with Il- lustrations and Description of Over 6000 Coins. The most valuable, complete, correct and comprehensive work of the class ever conceived or created. By A. M. Smith, Numismatist. This work is an absolute neces- city to the banker, broker, merchant, scientist, teacher, student and cul- tured reader. This volume is a complete numismatic library within itself, showing actual fac simile of all modern, current coins, and those of An- cient Greece and Rome, the currency of Mediæval Ages and all that is quaint and curious in metallic money. The fineness, weight, face value, and metal worth of each piece is given; Tables for calculation, reduction, comparison, etc., Statistics, Historical data, and a vast amount of valuable information arranged in such a form as to be available for immediate re- ference. It is the Book of the Century. PRICE to Subscribers. $5.00. Of the above Work, invaluable alike to the man of letters and of business, the publisher has prepared A Special Edition complete in every respect; bound in cloth, which will be furnished only to Ministers, Teachers and Postmasters, at Half-Price ($2.50). Libraries, Edu- cational and other Institutions are not included in the above offer. Specimen sheets of Illustrations furnished on application by mail. For any of the above works, or any others desired, address } A. M. SMITH, Numismatist, Publisher of Numismatic Works, P. O. Box 754. Philadelphia, Pa. Numismatic Manual and Coin Catalogue, By A. M. Smith, about 400 illustrations of Gold, Silver, Copper and Nickel Coins of colonial times, the United States, Ancient Greece and Rome, with full descriptions, their rarity, prices at which they are bought and sold; value of rare foreign coins, and a general compendium of information most valuable to collec- tors and amateurs. Price 30 cents. ; ! COPYRIGHTED BY A. M. SMITH, CURRENT GOLD AND SILVER COINS OF THE WORLD. A COMPILATION FROM OFFICIAL DATA. Name, Fineness and Weight, of Coins furnished especially for this work by the HON. Director U. S. Mint. Amount of Pure Metal in Each Piece, accurately computed. Cur- rent Valuation of the Coins based upon the official proclamation of the Secretary U. S. Treasury, that "the values of such coins, expressed in the money of account of the United States, are to be taken in estimating the values of all foreign merchandize, made out in any of said Currencies." Gold. AUSTRIA. Coin. LEGAL WEIGHT GRAINS. FINENESS. GRAINS OF PURE GOLD. METAL VALUE. Quadr'pl Ducat. 215.40 996.1 2 212.4 $9.12 (( 1 53.85 986.1 53.1 2.28 8 Florins. 99.56 900. 89.6 3.85 4 Florins. 49.78 900. 44.8 1.92 ARGENTINE BELGIUM. 1 Argentine. 124.45 900. 112. 4.82 REPUBLIC. (( 2 62.22 900. 55.9 2.41 100 Francs. 497.80 900. 4.39 18.89 50 248.90 900. 224. 9.64 20 (( 99.56 900. 89.6 3.85 10 (( 49.78 900. 44.8 ་ 1.92 5 (( 24.89 900. 22.4 .96 BOLIVIA. 10 Bolivianos. 248.90 900. 224. 9.64 5 124.45 900. 112. 4.82 2 (( 49.78 900. 44.8 1.92 BRAZIL. 20 Milreis. 276.63 916.6 253.5 10.92 10 138.31 916.6 126.7 5.45 5 (( 69.16 916.6 63.3 2.72 CENTRAL Half Onza. 254. 875. 222.2 9.57 AMERICA. 1 (C 127. 875. 111.1 4.78 (( 63.5 875. 55.5 2.39 1-16 (< 31.7 875. 27.7 1.19 Ten Pasos. 294. 875. 257.2 11.07 5 เ 147. 875. 128.6 5.53 2 58.8 875. 51.4 4.21 1 " 29.4 875. 25.7 1.10 CHILI. Condor. Doubloon. 235.35 900. 211.8 9.11. 117.67 900. 105.9 4.51 Escudo. 47.07 900. 42.3 1.82 Peso. 23.53 900. 21.1 .91 DENMARK. 20 Crowns (Kroner.) 138.28 900. 124 4 5.35 10 69.14 900. 62.2 2.67 EGYPT. 100 Piasters. 131.18 875. 114.7 4.94 50 65.59 875. 57.3 2 47 25 32.79 875. 28.6 1.23 ENGLAND. Sovereign, 123.27 916 6 113. 4.86 (( 61.63 916.6 56.5 2.43 FRANCE. 100 Francs. 497.80 900. 448. 19.28 50 248.90 900. 224. 9.64 20 (C 99.56 900. 89.6 3.85 10 (( 49.78 900. 44.8 1.92 5 24.89 900. 22.4 .96 GERMANY.. 20 Marks. 122.91 900. 110.6 4.75 10 €1.45 900. 55.3 2.37 5 (( 30.72 900. 27.6 1.18 GREECE. 100 Drachmas. 497.80 900. 448. $19.28 50 (C 248.90 900. 224. 9.64 20 66 99.56 900. 89.6 3.85. 10 (C 49.78 900. 44.8 1.92 5 (( 24.89 900. 22.4 .96 HAYTI. 10 Gourdes. 248.90 900. 224. 9.64 5 124.45 900. 112. 4.82 2 (6 49.78 900. 44.8 1.92 80 1 (C 24.89 900. 22.4 .96 Gold. Coin. LEGAL WEIGHT GRAINS. FINENESS. GRAINS OF METAL PURE GOLD. VALUE. INDIA. 15 Rupees (Mohur.) 180. 916.6 164.9 7.09 10 120. 916.6 110. 4.73 5 60. 916.6 55. 2.36 ITALY. 100 Lire. 497.8 900. 448. 19.28 50 " 248.9 900. 224. 9.64 20 ** 99.56 900. 89.6 3.85 10 " 49.78 900. 44.8 1.92 5 " 24.89 900. 22.4 .96 JAPAN. 20 Yen. 514.41 900. 462.96 19.92 10 " 257.20 900. 231.48 9.96 5 128.60 900. 115.74 4.98 2 51.44 900. 46.29 1.99 1 25.72 900. 23.14 .99 MEXICO. 20 Pesos. 522.23 875. 456.95 19.66 10 ** 261.11 875. 228.47 9.83 5 " 130.55 875. 114.23 4.91 24 1 66 65.28 875. 57.11 2.45 26.11 875. 22.84 .98 NETHERLANDS. 10 Florins. 103.7 900. 93.3 4.01 NORWAY. 20 Crowns. 138.28 900. 124.45 5.36 10 " 69.14 900. 62.22 2 68 PERU. PORTUGAL. 5 Incas. 1 " 1 Coroa. " 89.65 900. 80.68 3.47 2 35.86 900. 32.27 1.38 17.93 900. 16.13 .69 273.68 916.6 250.8 10.78 136.84 916 6 125.4 5.39 1-5 " 54.73 916.6 50.1 2.15 1-10 " 27.36 916.6 25. 1.07 RUSSIA. Half Imperial. 100.98 916.6 92.55 3.99 3 Roubles. 60.59 916.6 55.53 2.38 SPAIN. 100 Pesetas. 497.8 900. 448. 19.28 50 248.9 900. 224. 9.64 20 99.56 900. 89.6 3.85 10 49.78 900. 44.8 1.92 5 24.89 900. 22.4 .96 SWEDEN. TURKEY. Same as Denmark. SWITZERLAND. Same as France. 500 Piasters. 556.78 916.6 510 34 21.96 250 278.39 916.6 255.17 10.98 100 CC 111.35 916.6 102.06 4.39 50 55.67 916.6 51.03 2.19 25 66 27.84 916.6 25.51 1.09 81 Owing to the frequent variations in the metal value of Silver, it is here computed at U. S. value, 1000 fine, $1.00 per ounce. Silver. AUSTRIA. | Coin. | LEGAL WEIGHT. FINENESS. PURE SILVER. METAL Current VALUE. VALUE. 2 Florius. 381.03 900. 342.92 .71 $.79.6 1 190.51 900. 171.46 .35 .39.8 2 Union Thaler. 571.54 900. 514.38 1.07 1.19.4 1 " 285.77 900. 257.19 .53 .59.7 ARGENTINE 1 Peso. 385.8 900. 347.2 .72 .96.5 REPUBLIC. + 192.9 900. 173.6 .36 .48.2 1-5 77.16 900. 69.44 .14 .19.3 1-10 (( 38.58 900. 34.72 .07 .09.6 1-20 " 19.29 900. 17.36 .03 .04.8 BELGIUM. 5 Francs. 385.8 900. 347.2 .72 .96.5 2 (( 154.32 835. 128.85 .26 .38.6 1 77.16 835. 64.42 .13 .19.3 50 Centimes, 38.58 835. 32.21 .06 .09.6 20 (C 15.43 835. 12.97 .02 .03.8 BOLIVIA. 1 Boliviano. 385.8 900. 347.2 .72 .80.6 192.9 900. 173.6 .36 .40.3 1 Peseta. 77.16 900. 69.44 .14 .16.1 1 Real. 38.58 900. 34.72 .07 .08. ( 19.29 900. 17.36 .03 .04. BRAZIL. 2 Milreis. 385.8 900. 347.2 .72 1.09.2 1 (( 192.9 900. 173.6 .36 .54.6 (( 96.45 900. 86.8 .18. .27.3 CENTRAL 50 Centavos. 254. 750. 190. .39 .50. AMERICA. 25 127. 750. 95. .19 .25. 10 (( 50.8 750. 38.1 .08 .10. 5 (( 25.4 750. 19. .04 .05. CHILI. 1 Peso. 385.8 900. 347.2 .72 .91.2 50 Centavos. 192.9 900. 173.6 .36 .45.6 20 " 77.16 900. 69.44 .14 .18.2 10 " 38.58 900. 34.72 .07 .09.1 5 rr 19.29 900. 17.36 .03 .04.5 DENMARK. 2 Crown. 231.48 800. 185.18 .38 .53.6 1 115.74 800. 92.59 .19 .26.8 50 Oere. 77.16 600. 46.30 .09 .13.4 40 61.72 600. 37.03 .07 .10.8 25 37.34 600. 22.40 .04 .06.7 10 66 22.37 400. 8.94 .01 .02.7 ECUADOR. EGYPT. 1. Peso. 385.8 900. 347.2 .72 .80.6 10 Piasters. 192.9 750. 144.6 .30 .49. 5 (( 96.45 750. 72.3 .15 .24.5 21 (( 48.22 750. 36.1 .07 .12.2 1 .66 19.29 750. 14.43 .03 .04.9 ENGLAND. Crown. 436.36 925. 403.63 .84 1.21.6 + "( 218.18 925. 201.81 .42 .60.8 Florin. 174.54 925. 161.44 .33 .48.6 Shilling. 87.27 925. 80.72 .16 .24.3 Six-pence. 43.63 925. 40.36 .08 .12.1 Four-pence. 29.09 925. 26.90 .05 .08. Three-pence. 21.81 925. 20.18 .04 .06. Two-pence. 14.54 925. 13.44 .02 .04. Penny. 7.27. 925. 6.72 .01 .02. FRANCE. 5 Franc. 385.8 900. 347.2 .72 .96.5 2 (( 154.32 $35. 128.85 .26 .38.6 1 " 77.16 $35. 64.42 .13 .19.3 50 Centimes. 38.58 835. 32.21 .06 .09.6 20 (C 15.43 835. 12.97 .02 .03.8 GERMANY. 5 Marks. 428.66 900. 385.79 .80 1.19. 2 (C 171.46 900. 154.31 .32 .57.6 1 (( 85.73 900. 77.15 .16 .23.8 50 Pfennig. 42.86 900. 38 57 .08 .11.9 20 17.14 900. 15.42 .03 .04.7 GREECE. 5 Drachmas. 385.8 900. 347.2 .72 .96.5 2 154.32 835. 128.85 .26 .38.6 82 Metal value of Silver, it is here computed at U. S. value, 1000 fine, $1.00 per ounce. Silver. Coin. LEGAL Weight. FINENESS. PURE Silver. METAL Current VALUE. VALUE. GREECE-Continued. 1 Drachmas. 77.16 835. 64.42 .13 .19.3 50 Lepta. 38.58 835. 32.21 .06 .09.6 20 15.43 835. 12.97 .02 .07.7 HAYTI. 1 Gourde. 385.8 900. 347.2 .72 .96.5 50 Centimes. 192.9 835. 161.1 .33 .48.2 20 (C 77.16 835. 64.42 .13 .19.3 10 38.58 835. 32.21 .06 .09.6 5 (( 19.29 835. 16.10 .03 .04.8 INDIA. 1 Rupee. 180. 916.6 165. .34 .38.3 " 90. 916.6 82.5 .17 .19.1 45. 916.6 41.2 .08 .09.5 " 22.5 916.6 20.6 .04 .04.7 ITALY. 5 Lire. 385.8 900. 347.2 .72 .96.5 2 154.32 835. 128.85 .26 .38.6 1 " 77.16 835. 64.42 .13 .19.3 50 Cent'simo. 38.58 835. 32.21 .06 .09.6 20 (( 15.43 835. 12.97 .02 .03.8 JAPAN. 1 Yen. 416. 900. 374.4 .78 .86.9 50 Sen. 208. 900. 187.2 .39 .43.4 20 83.20 900. 74.9 .15 .17.3 10 (( 41.6 900. 37.4 .07 .08.6 5 20.8 900. 18.7 .03 .04.3 MEXICO. 1 Peso. 417.79 902.7 377.14 .78 .$7.5 50 Centavo. 208.89 902.7 188.57 .39 .43.7 25 104.44 902.7 94.28 .19 .21.8 10 41.78 902.7 37.71 .07 .08.7 5 20.89 902.7 18.85 .03 .04.3 NETHERLANDS, 2 Florin. 385.8 945. 364.5 .76 1.00.5 (HOLLAND.) 1 66 154.32 945. 145.8 .30 .40.2 50 Cents. 77.16 945. 72.9 .15 .20.1 NORWAY. 2 Crown. 231.48 800. 185.18 .38 .53.6 1 " 115.74 800. 92.59 .19 .26.8 24 Skillings. 92.59 800. 74.07 .15 .21.4 15 77.16 600. 46.3 .09 .13.6 12 (( 61.72 600. 37.03 .07 .10.2 3 (( 22.37 400. 8.9 .01 .03.4 PERU. 1 Sol. 385.8 900. 347.2 .72 .80.6 5 Pesetas. 385.8 900. 347.2 .72 .80.6 1 " 77.16 900. 69.44 .14 .16.1 1 Real. 38.58 900. 34.72 .07 .08. (( 19.29 900. 17.36 .03 .04. PORTUGAL. 500 Reis, 192.9 916.6 176.8 .36 .40. 200 66 77.16 916.6 70.7 .14 .16. 100 "" 38.58 916.6 35.3 .07 .08. 50 "( 19.29 916.6 17.6 .03 .04. RUSSIA. 1 Rouble. 319.92 868. 277.69 .57 .64.5 (( 159.96 868. 138.84 .28 .32.2 79.98 868. 69.42 .14 .16.1 1-5 63.98 868. 55.53 .11 .12.9 1-10 " 31.99 868. 27.76 .05 .06.4 1-20 " 15.99 868. 13.88 .02 .03.2 SPAIN. 5 Pesetas. 385.8 900. 347.2 .72 .96.5 SWEDEN. 2 (6 154.32 835. 128.85 (See Denmark.) 1 (( 77.16 835. 64.42 SWITZERLAND. 50 Centimes. 38.58 835. 32.21 (See France) 20 "( 15.43 835. 12.97 TURKEY. 20 Piasters. 371.21 830. 308. 10 (C 185.60 830. 154. 5 (6 92.80 830. 77. 2 (6 37.12 830. 30.8 1 (( 18.56 830. 15.4 .03 ಇ888 988 .26 .38.6 .13 .19.3 .06 .09.6 .02 .03.8 .64 .88. .32 .44. .16 .22. .06 .08.8 .0-4.4 } (( 9.28 830. 7.7 .01 .02.2 U. S. COLOMBIA. 1 Peso. 385.8 900. 347.2 .72 .80.6 83 84 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. FOREIGN CURRENT COINS. On the plates of Foreign Coins, the current value of the pieces is given wherever possible; when the metal worth only can be given, it is designated by a small "m" placed before the figures. It would require many volumes to present all the Coins of the world, and in our selections we have illustrated and described: first, All coins likely to be met with in every-day business; second, those which are seen in the Mint Cabinet, and finally those current in countries rarely visited by strangers, and known mostly through books, and these are worth far more than their face value as curiosities. THE TABLE OF OFFICIAL VALUE OF FOREIGN CURRENT GOLD AND SIL- VER COINS and other data will sometimes be found at variance with our plate-valuations; this discrepancy arises from our giving the amount for which the Foreign piece would and should be taken in common trade, while the Table gives, as stated in the heading thereof, only the official amount for which they are to be received in official trans- actions. With the price a coin would bring as a curiosity, or its value- under Governmental allowance or restriction, we have nothing to do in this connection, our duty ends with giving the most reliable infor- mation attainable of their worth to the merchant. The ancient Greek, Roman, Jewish and Medieval Coins pictured and described on the concluding plates and pages of this work, are introduced as reminders of the collection in the Cabinet of the Mint, and they will be found deeply interesting and most instructive for reference or study. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 85 EDHVS FRANCI AVSTR FERDI IMP WAIN 1 SFL.C 1879 ·A·1846 AVSTRIA M FER OZSED PRACs AG ET. 3 T JVNG BOR INV ·I.D • G. AVSTR FERD · LOD TVO IMP LOMB REX LO HVNG. VEN· •R•H•N•v. ¸ C:R 5 K.B ·ILL IRG BUN 877 ·C·FL. KIR ARCH. AUST DUT •DUNI 1762 REX LOJ ·A· 1848. GAL·LOD ET. VEN C4) AUSTRIA, GOLD. No. 1, Eight Florins, $3,85; No. 2, Four Florins, $1.92; Nos. 3 and 4, S vor- ain d'Or m., $6.71; Nc. 5, Quadruple Ducat, $9.12, SETIEMBRE 0,900 CA REF DE HONDURAS * UNION 1882 15 DE *** CONS PAZ PRO nry GRE CION FUT (LIUD ท 2.7 130 DE 1821 0.900 AGOSTO UF 876 PUBLIC ONDURAS UN PESO CENTRE-AMERICA HONDURAS, SILVER. No. 1, One Peso, 87 cents; No. 2, Fifty Cents, 43 cents. 50 CENTE 23 AAAADA * * SIAM, SILVER. No, 1, Dollar, 95 cents; No. 2, Quarter Dollar, 23 cent: 73 1883 86 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 1 PHI·V· G · G² KAISER V JOSEPHI FRANZ ID JOSEPH-LV OESTERREICH A AVSTRIA B FRANC A·A·1867 KAISER ZAVUJ THALER VEREINSTHALL DESTERREIC EIN VER IMERRATOR 3 XV EIN FRUNDEER HTML 1867 AVSTRIAE 6 A·A·1867 SOL PFUND FRANC AVSTRIAE NIGH I·D · G · LOS I • AVSTRIAE FRANC IOS HVNGAR DIFERATOR NA-136 ILL-REX A BO SCHEM T ITI ⱭOT 2 F LIVI·KE AA1864. 4 20 FRAN KAISERVO I∙D G SOL Di IMPERATOR HVNGAR 4FL AR1865 BOHEM HVNG BOHL ALLODBERE AVSTRIAE FRANC PERATOR ∙A-1869 REX جيني OMB BETVEN HVNGAR BONEM.“ QO'L S 10 AGA VALTO ENZ 20 KRAJ ČZÁR 1868 REF AVSTRIAE FRANC CHEIDE MI 10 1867 AA∙1879 IMPERATOR" DE 5 1867 JOZSEFINA · GS • ES M M-H·S. HVNGAR BOHEAT TVO RENEZ KB MAGYAR" P-Q-AL-KIR * KIRALYSAG 1880 AUSTRIA, SILVER. No. 1, Double Vereins Thaler, $1.19; No. 2, Two Florins, 79%½ cents; No. 3 1 Vereins Thaler, 59% cents; Nos. 4 and 10, Twenty Kreuzers m., 8 cents; No. 5, Ten Kreuzers m. cents; No. 6, 4 Florin, 9 cents; Nos. 7 and 8, One Florin, 39% cents; No. 9, Five Kreuzers, 1½ cents. LOD-IL 1 FL VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. 87 1 REPUBLICA ES FUERZA UN BOLTVIANO 25 GODSTINO BOLIVIANA B 2 ES LA DIEZ CENTS D.FINO 188 FUERZA UNION B BOLI LIVI ES LA F [CINTO CENT. 1687 ESA FUEL UNION MEDIO B 50 CENTS 12 Gª 500 MS 9.D FINO 4884 FE BLICA •LA 1884 BOLIVIANA 7798 15 NOIND LA FE A FUER ES LA VEINTE CENTS 9 D'FINO 1884 3 FE * LIBERTAD * BOLIVIA, SILVER. No. 1, One Boliviana, 80% cents; No. 2. Ten Cents, 08 cents; No. 3, Five Cents, 4 cents; No. 4, Twenty Cents, 16 cents; No. 5, Half Bolivana, 40 cents. A*** REPUBLICA DE NEZUELA BLICA BE VENG NEZUEL LIBERTAD It PLED 11506 1150 ICA DE STECA 1860 3 3 £60 G DE REPUBLICA 1860 SAGRE LIREBTW EY FEET IN HOUS នវ 1-115G 7860 VENEZUELA. SILVER. No. 1, ½ Boliver, 72 cents; No 2, Two Reals, 29 cents; No. 3, 1½ Keal 7 cents; No. 1, 1 Real, 14 cents' GC.LIP RUSILDS ETF ROC SK GNO 1860 ITA 1856 M UD.G.C.IMP. PETRUS BRAZIL, GOLD, No. 1. Modoire, $4.87; No. 2, Half Dobra, 6, 400 Reis, $8.69. REPUBLIC OF LIBE LIBERIA TEN CENTS 862 REPUBL OF 1857 UBLIC REP LIBERLA BRAS JER LIBERI 1865 10 G. ISSAY 1847 ESSAN QUAR DOL LIBERIA, SILVER. No 1, Quarter Dollar; Nos. 2 and 3, Ten Cents. (Same as United States Coins.) 88 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. EMIER LEOPOLD ROI DE BELGE ROL DES BELGES 1 LWIENFR VI FAIT LUNION BELGIGUE 5 PREMIER LEOPOL 1/4 FRANC 1935 LA FORCE L'UNIÓN 1850 DIEU FORCE ROI DES L.WIENER 4 3 L'UNION BELGES FAIT LA PREMIER LEOPOLD FORCE 2 F II ROI PR OTEGE EOPOLD 1848 PAIT GES LA PORCE REMIER 2 2 FRANCS 1840 EMIER LEOP ROI ד 5 FRANCS 1832 DES EOPOLD 1853 6 1/2 FRANC 1835 BELGES ROIDES BELGES™ FAIT NOINA L 1849 LA FORCE FAIT LA A FORCE DES BELGES 1 ROI LEOPOLD 10 LEOR WIEHER DES BELGES DUNION FALLA FORCE F اخلناة FRANC 1834 PREMITE LEOPOL ROT NOINA ESBELGES 1850 1866 BELGIUM, SILVER. Nos. 1, 2, and 10, Five Francs, 72 cts.; Nos. 3 and 8, Two-and-a-half Francs, 36 cts.; No. 4, Franc, 3 cts.; No. 5, Twenty Centimes, 2 cts.; No. 6, Franc, 7 cts.; No. 7, Two Francs, 28 cts.; No. 9, One Franc, 14 cents. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. 89 2 ង២៣៩) MX ២ ல் บาท พ ง 2175676 * พระยาขอมเจนซอยที่ *W5:0 DU 3 NORODOM I ROT CAMBODGE QUATRE FRANCS 860 ОВИЋ 1 V. KHA3 CAMBODIA, SILVER. No. 1, Three Ticals, about $1.80; No. 2, Five Francs, native, 72 cents; No. 3, Four Francs, 78 cents. 1 2 ДИНАРА 50 HAPA 1875 處 ​1875 2 НОВИЙ вид V. CELLCASH 3 ЕНОВИЋ T ОБРЕН M МИЛАН KRAS СЕНСКИЙ ски ! CADI СРИСКИ ДИНАР 1875 SERVIA, SILVER. No. 1, Two Dinar, about 30 cents; No. 2, One Dinar; No. 3, Piece of 50 Paras, about 20 cents. 90 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. GURLEAD ALDAD IGU IGUALDAD ANTE ANTE 210S LA 210 ANTE LEI DE LA LEI UBLICA DE ICA EPUBLI CHILE ICA DE LA 1839 LEI CHILE REPUBLICA 8 E 1839 ANTE SALDAD DE 2705 CH HILE DAD 21 7856 LEI 4E ANTE BLICA LICA RE UBLICA LA DE 6 LDAD DE ANTE 7839 DE LICA PUBL CHILE 1838 CHIT TIE CONSI RAZONO LA 210 LA J FUERZA SEPI 1 8 3 G CONSTITIN CHILE TADO SAD1818 & RE ΛΙΝΤΟΝ 1836 ANTE AĎ IGU LA LET. CONSTITUOHOND 21 6 CHILI, GOLD. Nos. 1, 5 and 7, Doubloons m., $15.50; Nos. 2 and 3, Quar- ter Doubloons m., $3.87; Nos. 4 and 8, Half Doubloons m., $7.74; No. 6, Doubloon m., $1.91. OD 1834 ! VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. 91 紹 ​寶​口​通 ​1 VG 江 ​龍 ​寶 ​明 ​命 ​QG 明 ​5 6 紹 ​買​業​通 ​寶​二​通 ​明 ​治 ​明 ​實​通寶​上​通​男​口​多 ​命 ​命 ​CHINA, GOLD. Numbers 1 and 2, One Tael; Numbers 3, 5, 6 and 7, Half Tael; Number 4, 14 Tael. No value can be placed on these coins, the purity of the metal varying with each issue. 92 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. 明​命​年​造 ​銀​叁​錢 ​明 ​{ 干​范 ​官​銀兩 ​3 周知 ​- } сл 銀​銭 ​4 6 嘉​译​年​造 ​紋​足 ​飘 ​圆​會 ​通 ​до 行 ​I a 9 HE 罩 ​дв да 咸豐​六年 ​CHINA, SILVER. Numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, are "ingot" money, and valuation, except in each picce, is impossible. Number 7, Native Dollar, m.68 cents; Nunber 8, Native Dollar, of private coinage, m.84 cents; Number 9, Silver Tael, m.$1.16. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. 93 LAVUS-VIED VIII- GRE KEND HRISTIANES D GREX EX GLORIA AMORE 17 VI 85 BREDERICO PATRIE XII M D·G·L· 1CHR D'OR REX FRIDERICVS. V DANIE GDANLE V. .G.REX. 1.SPECIES DUCAT 23 KARAT 67-STYKKER 1MARKBRUTO VI ساسي التسييس REDERICUS TA MONE 1809 AUREA 2.TR DOR 18 02 1830. .T. REX DANIÆ, 2 FR. D OR E 1830.E. NORVD ·D·G⋅ · STIAN HRI ALIBVS RE REYDA BORG પ્રખ • 1 - NORG AVSPICUS PX-AVELO SINICO, 1746 10 GUINE TITIA 豆 ​•IUS DAN. יער P E TA TE NOR VIREX DERICUS 2 FREDERIKS D'OR. 1827 11 ΙΠΛ 12 2 CHR DANIE D'OR of FREDERICUS 1FR DOR ·G REX CHRIS DAN NORY VG. PATRI REX ANLÆ GLQ. THONY G. REX 13 1FR D'OR RICUS FK VI DANLE REX DA DENMARK, GOLD. Nos. 1, 3, 8 and 10, Ducats m., $2.20: Nos. 2 and 6, Christian d'Or m., $3.91; Nos. 4, 7 and 11, Double Fredk d'Or m., $7.92; Nos. 5 and 13, Fredk d'Or m., $3.95; No. 9, Half Christian d'Or, $1.93; No. 12, Double Christian d'Or m., $7.92. 1775 94 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. K DIG-DANI ITAS G-DANLE لمفعمة VII FRED ļ D.G.DAN W1868BH TREY 1 2 FK 1855 S 1 HIGSDALER ST MPS 3 1855 FF. 2 RIGSDALER ာ 4 3D:G! SKILLING .R:M: IM GDA 2 RIGSDALER 9%ST: 1856- D.G.DAY 16 SKILLING R.M: 1855 SVII FREDERIOYS DG.DA VG.BEX EK.. VIII SKILLING DANSKE •1.727. HG M 1/2 KIGSDALER D:G:DA 1849 FRI SB 18042 04 ST:1 MK: F: DADDO sa 1857 10 ØRE 1 SPECIES... 12 10 CHR 25 ORE ARONE 13875 KONCE 13 DA WNY KRONER DENMARK, SILVER. Nos. 1 and 3, Two Rigs Dollar, m. 81 cts.; No. 2, One Rigs Dollar, m. 40 cts.; No. 4, Four Skillings, m. 12 cts.; No. 5, ½ Rigs Dollar, m. 20 cents; No. 6, Three Skillings, m. 1 cent; No. 7, 1-6 Rigs Dollar, m. 6 cents; No. 8, Specie Rigs Dollar, m. 81 cents; No. 9, Ten Oere, 22 cents; No. 10, Twenty-five Oere, 62 cents; No. 11, 1-24 Rigs Dollar, (for Norway) m. 3 cents; No. 12, One Kroner. or Crown, 2634 cents; No. 13, Two Crowns, or Kroners, 532 cents. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. 95 FRANCAIS FRAT AGALITE FE RNITE PUBLIQU BERT m QUE FRA REPUBLI IRE ANG. 20 CENT 1860 FRA 5 FRANCS 1871 RE ALS PPE I التحديييي NOAISE LOUIS FR EMP 3 EA GUDINE EGALITE 5 FRANCS 1870 CIBER RTE AISE ROI INTERNILE マスコ ​DES A LIBERT ALITE 50 CENT 1371 FRA 83 K EGALITE 2 FRANCS 1872 LIBERTE. IRE EMP 03 FIRE FRAZ ERNITE TRANC REPUBLIC EA.OUDNIEF ON U NAPOLEON 1868 F 8 EMPE EUR FRANC 50 CENT 1868 MPIR EMPEREUR 12 FRANCAIS 1SE BARRE MPIRE EMP CREUR ERRUT 18 5 FRANCS RA 1830 悉 ​FRAN 50 CENT 1858 RANÇAISE RRITE 17 ON III NAPOLEON FR 10 EMPIRE W OLEOF BARKK BARE! EMPEREUR FRANÇAIS 13 FRANG 1872 5 F F 1868 LA 20 CENT 1808 FRANCE, SILVER. Numbert 1, 3, 4 and 10, Five Francs, 96% cents; Numbers 2 and 13, Twenty Centimes, 3 cents; Numbers 5 and 8, Two Francs, 38% cents; Numbers 6, 7 and 11, Fifty Centimes, 9% cents; Numbers 9 and 12, One Franc, 19% cents. 96 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. JQUE HQUE 1879 HARRE FRAM ÇAISE OCHINCHINE 50 CENT. FRANCA 20 CENT. A FRANCAIS TRELO FRANCA RE0900. POIDS1360 FRANCE, FOR COCHIN CHINA, SILVER. Fifty, Twenty and Ten Cents; 30, 15 and 7 cents in value, respectively. NE 10 CENT .9004 1 S 005 G 2 55 ၃၂၁၅ 3 4 3. G ၅းဆိုး ၁၂၁ရ S တာ FRA FRANCA 3879 1879 1 S Co 852:38 ၁၂၁၄ 1 BURMAH, SILVER. No. 1, Rupee, 35 cents; No. 2, 4 Rupee, 08 cents; No. 3, ½ Rupee, 17 cents; No. 4, Rupee, 4 cents. 5 ROM NEMIL NIA MEO 17 LO 5 SINE 1880 MAN 50 RANI ROMANIA LEL L MA DOMNU ΟΙ CAROL N 50 BANI WYON AL CO HOMANILOS 4 MANI. LEU 1 8 6 0 M A 2 2 ROL NIA LEI 6 3 6 ROMAL 1 LEU * IN 187 ROUMANIA, SILVER. No. 1, Five Lei, m. 72 cents; Nos 2 and 6, 1 Leu, 14 cents; Nos. 3 and 5, Fifty Bani, 7 cents; Nos. 4 and 7, 2 Lei, 28 cents. DOMNU KULLRICH 1875 HINA 1875 5 1 RO COMANIER BHEIR KAISER KONIG T PIR TIA GELY LU 1 SCHER 2 3 CHIE CUES 1 GERMANY. FASER REICH REICH BAYERN DEUTS KAISER 10 MANE KÖNIG II LUDWIG B V. CHES GERMANY, GOLD No. 1, 20 Marks, $4.76; Nos. 2, 3 and 4, 10 Marks, $2.38. KOENIG KARL VON WUERTTED 4 DEUTS "KONIG D TSCHE BAYERN 8 RUSHERZOR III LUDWIG 11 97 ☆ 2 PHONIQ Y. PREDS SEY REICH CHES KEICH 1874 MARK 10 MARZOG 4 GROSHID NOA BADEN KART GR ROSHERZOR CHES DEL 7 REICH 50 1876 PEENNIG REICH FRIEDRICH ست VON BADEN HANSESTADT 5 HAMB URG MARK 1876 UND FÜNE VON HESSEN FREIE 9 1 MARK 137 VON 6 KOENIG GERMANY, SILVER. Nos. 1 to 7, 5 Marks, of different States, $1.19; Nos. 8 and 11, 50 Pfeng, 8 cts.; No. 9, 1 Mark, 23¹½ cts.; No. 10, 2 Marks, 47 cents. KAISER 10 DEUTS SCHER KÖNIG A PREUSSEN DEUTSCHE KARL E RICH ZWEI 1877 MARK WIENITEMBRE REIC 50 PFENNIG 11 98 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. } DEUN RITAN ARUM EGINA GRES SUE MEOS B ARUM VIN TTE DET RATIA REGINA FID:D 8 BRI D: G B 1338. Ill D:/ :G: REORGIUS REX DEI TANNIAT REG FR REX GRATIA ET •HIB D.G 1 CTOR VICTO BRITTA 2 IV GI RGI IUS BR under 1826. DEI GRATIA. MD C C CXXADE WWYONNA 577 2 IVS RGIV GEOR D.G III GEORGIUS ORGIV TVS 9 עיין Ir REX 1820 DEI FID: DEF 3 DEI 1824 D:G: 10 BRI TANNIIR GRATIA GRATIA BRITANNUR EX F.D GEORG III D.G YAX BRITANNI 11 SOIT QUI GEORGIUS ARU M BR BET NOH 1818 REGINA FD 12 ERIT.LV.VI NARUM 2 D:G: CULIERMUS FID DEP ORIA VICT 7.81 T⋅∙E J7 TETE MAL SRIA. DEI 1878 13 7835 NSE GRATI BUM REX 14 FID: DEF MBF 710 MA ETH RE G GIUS II GEORGI BRIT GREAT BRITAIN, GOLD. Nos. 1, 2 and 4, Five overeigns, $24.32; No. 3, Five Guineas. $25.48; No. 5, Half Guinea, $2.55; No. 6, ½ Guinea m. $1.68; N. s. 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 and 14, Sovereigns, $4.86; Nos. 10 and 13, Half-Sovereigns, $2.43. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. 66 uutita den vens M X J J JD U VICTORIA DEI RATI GR IA det T alia anno dom UM BRITANNIA ↑ REGINA TARUM BRITAN FID DEF 1821 5 1840. UM BRIT IIII D:G REGIN GEORGIUS REX FLD TOW DEF BRI D:C: BR REX 9 10 1834 JELMUS 6 britann Victo 344 DEI FID: DEF: VICTORIA BRITANN ANNO SIX PENCE One 2838. IAR EX F:D Sone tenth 3 IIIID: 6: 1844 GEORGIUS 1826. GRATIA florin 193 of ammo ኔ GRATIA S BRITANN IV FOR RGI NNTAR RE BRITANN VICTOR D:g: brit ictoria G. F:D reg:Ed: AR REX F:D indecclit DEI GRATIA 1829 12 UNIT 1838 13 RS G THA F:D GREAT BRITAIN, SILVER. Nos. 1, 2 and 3, Crowns, $1.21%; Nos. 4, 5 and 6, Half Crowns, 6034 cts.; Nos. 9 an i 12, 1½ Pence, 3 cts.; Nos. 10 and 13, 2 Pence, 4 cts.; No. 11, Florin, 43% cts. 10 31 100 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. III GEORGIVS III. DEI GEO ORGIV GRATIA DEI RATI ATETE ETLDSRI 763MB FET BETL m HREXF D'ST 1787 TE GEORG 1020 OFORG GRATIA ·IVS: III GEORGI BRI 6 DEI 2820 GRATIA } DEI 16 GRATIA "REAT D'D'EIL D'S ETH M·B·F 17 1781 BRITTREX FD 1818 BRIT 18 SOIT MAL 22 吸 ​ETE MAL SE PENS RE DEF D.G EORIIT GEOR REF 2 FID: IIII D:G GULIELMUS 18 41 182 ANNO REX FIDE PRITANNIARUM 18 280 BRITANNI REX ·ED: VIC REX FIDEI DEFENSOR 9 IL: D: GEORGIUS BRITA DEFENSOR GEORGIUS IK 1821 IIIL GEORGI GIUS IV :D : DEI BRITANNIAR REX, GRATIA TIJ DEI GRATIA 1820 10 ANNIARUM RRITAN 1825 10. DE L GRATIA. RITANNIAR REX F:D. ONE SHILLING 1834 IIID:G: NNIAR TAR RE SAWITIZAD REGINA F:D 20 and 21, Six Pence, 12 ets: FD 3/18 26 18 3 26 14 BRITANNIAR REX D:G: 13 12 II D.G GEORGIES T AR P. D. REGINA PENCE REF FID: DEF ÜRITANNIAK BEX НЕХ BRITANNIAR ANNO DEF GEOR DIG LIOS INOH ANNO LIOS ANNO ONE SHILLING 1858. 15 SIX PENCE 1879 7834 18 3 38 1820 PENSE 1824 1824 1821 DEI VICTORIA 23 21 20 GEORGIES! GEOR ·D: G PENS NUH BRITANN F:D: • D:G ja :A GEORGIUS GRATIA T.D BRITNEAR REG.FD BRITA GREAT BRITAIN, SILVER. Nos. 1, 3, 4, 7, 16, 18, 19 and 22, Shillings, 24 cts.; Nos. 2, 4, 15, 17, cts.; Nos. 10, 13 and 23, Three Pence, 6 ets.; No. 11, 2 cts. Nos. 6, 8 and 14, Four Pence, 8 cts.; N). 9, One and Two Pence, 2 and 4 ED NIAR REGIN BRITANNIAR BRITANNIAR REX REX BEX VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S.MINT. 101 ᎠᎪ PAGODA HA ALF ㄧ​★ 2 ரை வோர 25607 A ୪ M పూ వ ILLIA RPAGODA CARTER ** అ యిదు is Sev GIT கா * مد కాలువ NITE GOT FAN JE FIV ہے فلم FA ME AMS I AM TIM TIM 1111 KIN KIN KING 13 INI DIA 1/4 RUPEE جبار آن COM MPANY 1835 C COMP INDIA HALF RUPEE EAST شتانه ANY IN DIA 1835. ONE RUPEE EAST ندارد COMPANY 1835. IV D.G CEY 24 INDIA TWO ANNA زوآنه 1808 CTORIA QUEEN CEYLON ONE AIX DOLLAR 14 EAST GOUL Joya NT ЛЕЛ 48 ST INDIA U CE ONE RUPEE LARO 4 سعد DOUBLE 1804 COMPANY EAST 84 * TORIA QU RITANNIAR REX 1821 T CEY! 96 ST INDIA HALF RUPEE شتان 10 COM 16 GEORGIUS 15 1809 VICTORY QUEEN EN تعالي 1s LO INDIA 1/4 RUPEE چهار آن 1840. OMPANY 10 ICTORIA QUEEN EAST 1840. * GREAT BRITAIN, EAST INDIES, SILVER. No. 1, % Pagoda, 61 cents; No. 2, Pagoda, 4 30 cents; Number 3, Five Fanams, 13 cents; Number 2, Two Fanams. cents; Number 5, 48 Stivers, 23 cents; Number 6 and 13, Rupees, 34 cents; Number 7, Rupee, 4 cents; Number 8, 24 Stivers, 13 cents; Number 9, 2 Annas, 4 cents; Number 10 and 11, Rupee, 8 cents; Nos. 12 and 16, Rupee, 17 cents; Number 14, Rix Dollar, 26 cents; Number 15, 96 Stivers, 48 cents. 102 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. PICTORIA DE GRATIA 1 CANADA 50 CENTS 1881 REGINT OMI CENT.Y HUNDRED 2 DOLLARS ONE 1870 HUNDRED 20 CENTS 1872 PENCELOS 3 D: ERY OUNDLAN W REG 10 CENTS 1872 VICTORIA DEI NEW RATIA REGINA FOUNDLAND 2 6 7 Mhz 25 CENTS 1881 50 CENTS 1872 18 S1 10 CENTS 1 PEGALITE FRATE GREAT BRITAIN, FOR CANADA AND NEW FOUNDLAND, SILVER. Fifty, Twenty- five, Twenty aud Ten Cent Pieces; in GOLD, a Two Dollar coin; all corresponding with United States money. MEFOBLIQU 2. DHAINA AN 78 WHAID 835 MI MILL 1881 EGALITE GRAN LIBERTI ·FRATI 10 CENT ERTE 4 EGAL ITE D'HAITIA -L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE 2 EGALITE FRAT سس ALUAZEI FRAZ MERNITE O KOT LAVOUISTEMAK 900 MILL 1881. BLIQUE * AITLAN 2 PUBLIQUER XOTY MILL 125 RAN 08 BERT 50 CENTES 20 CENT HAYTI, SILVER. No. 1, One Gourde, 95%½ cents; No. 2, Twenty Centimes, 19% cents; No. 3, Ten Centimes, 92 cents; No, 4, Fifty Centimes, 48 cents. $35 MI MILL 1881. 5 GB 1/4 RUPEE INDIA 1862 VICTORI QUEEN KUJ T HALT RUPEE INDIA 1862 ກາ RIA UEEN GREAT BRITAIN, FOR EAST INDIES, SILVER. Half and Quarter Rupee, respectively, 16 and 8 cents. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT.. 103 1 1833 ΛΕΥΣ BAZIAKES ΤΗΣ 2 BAZIA DOLN ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ 40 APAXMAT 1833 OOQN ΤΗΣ EAAAAO GREECE, GOLD. No. 1, Twenty Drachmas, $3.85 ; No. 2, Forty Drachmas, QAPANMAL $7.70. 1 ΛΕΥΣ AZ LAEYS ON 002N ΤΗΣ 1.A * BOIST. EAAAAOF ΒΑΣ IN IKH ΒΑΣ ΤΗΣ ΛΕΥΣ ΤΗΣ ΠΟΛΙ TDAITEIA 2 3 APAXMII 1834A 1 12 ΔΕΛΧΜΗ 1834 5 ΔΡΑΧΜΑΙ 18 33 A BAZIAFY ΤΗΣ BAAAADS 1 ΔΡΑΧΜΗ 1833 A 6 ΚΑΙΓΟ ΤΑΣ EAA EMA 6 1928 ΤΗΣ BASIACION WYBERNHIH ΦΟΙΝΙΞ a w x α ΕΛΛ ΑΣΛΕΙΟΥ ΤΗΣ 50 ΛΕΠΤΑ 1874 8 BAZIACION 5 IHAGY HAIR FINICY? APY MAL ΤΗΣ ΕΙΟΝ BAE LA ETC ΔΟΣ ΤΗΣ ΒΑΣ DOON ΠΛΕΥΣ ΓΕΩΡ 2 ΤΩΝ ΕΛΛ n Α' 9 BAZIA EY ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ + கக் APARMÁL ΓΕΩ ΓΕΛ ΤΩΝ EMHNONE NUNHY BAPE 1875 BAZINEY! ΤΩΝ 8 1878 ΕΛΛΗΝΩ GREECE, SILVER. Nos. 1 and 6, Five Drachmas 963 cents; No. 2, Quarter Drachma, 5 cents; No. 3, Half Drachma, 10 cents; No. 4, One Phoenix m., 8 cents; No. 5 and 8, One Drachma, 19 cents; No. 7, Fifty Lepta, 91 cents; No 9, Two Drachmas, 383 cents. SPAXMH 104 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. KON KONIN 18 10 URATECT BEL HOLLAND ✪ MO WILLEN URATECT BELG NA LODEW VAN KO 1810 HOL UNT NAP CDEW KON ON. NG HOLL 17 14 18 DO CONCORDIA ANDEN 18 MAGY NAP LODEY 27 MUN BUNT VIN ING TET KON INOX CHINOS ·PRO. AUR. CRESCENT DER "NED GA VI”“ MOAUR. PRO. CONFORD 1839 MUNT NEDERLANDEN DER NEW SCUNT ANDEN 10 DER VAN G. 18.42 SCUNT HET CONCO 18 28 PARVAE RES KONING WILLEM MUNT 98 VAN HET CONCORDTY DER NED MO.AUR. REG.BELGII AD LEGEM IMPERIL GHV.I TOH CRES 10 ED & H. CONCORDIA 18 01 ·uva 10 KON 1806. HOLL LANDEN 16 DER VAN HOLL DER G.R. MUNT 11 MO.AUR PROVEN, FOEDER. BELG.AD LEG. IMP. 12 HOT 18 4.1 PARVAS LODE KON VAN J.211 AN HOLL 13 MO.AUR REGRELGII AD LEGEM 'IMPERIL HOLLAND, GOLD. No. 1, 20 Florins m., $8.30; No. 2 Rider m., $6.07; Nos. 2, 5 and 12, Ten Florins, $4.01; No. 4, Rider m., $3.01; Nos. 6, 7, 8, and 13, Ducats m., $2.23; Nos. 9 and 10, Five Florins m., $1.97. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. 105 } ONS 1 ANDEN. 1348. MUNT - 2/4/14 2 G AVA * MONIKOY L WILLEM KONIY 3 WILLE MILK NI. DOM EST. RE M 1 AINOA VILLEM II. DEB NED. 5 1790 OMINABIT ET.PSEDO 2 T W 18.25 DEN. 18 NED.G DER N G.H.V.L. DER VED I. FLOR 10 CENTS 1848. 25. CENTS 1849. MVR SFINOS DEN WILLKA G.H. TA 23.MUNT - Z VAN HET QIN ÜLLATONINOY LI DER * BED. Bull. 3 ANDEN. 185 MUNT HAC TRACHOVNESGF. I.V. L KON VE HAN C 8 1.76 4 I. TION AN HOL BELG NITIMV!! M FEDERL ARG. 2 1/2 4 HET 50 SS LONINGRITE 1803 घड HOLLAN HOLLAND, SILVER. Nos. 1 and 3,2% Guilders m., 77 cents; No. 2, 3 Guilders m., 91 + cents; No. 4, 50 Stivers m., 83 cents; No. 5, Florin m., 40 cents; No. 6, Ten Cents, 3 cents No. 7, 25 Cents, 10 cents; No. 8, 1 Guilder, 30 cents. C 106 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. Ο ΝΙΚΟΣ FEDER INDIE NDSCH HALVE GULDEN HOL: 18 34 ΜΟ DERNED .G.H.V.L. RLANI SCH KWART GUTDEN NEDER ANDEN 1840 Ꮐ MUNT VAN HET NEDERLANDSCHINDIE IND INOX Æ BA KONIG WILLEM KO ATA DER.NED. G.HV.I. ITTIME DER INO Æ G.ILV.L. AT BA T AT IN R.C (1802) * MO ΜΟ BEL 18 MO QEC) HOL : REL ARG ORD 37 IND BATAI ORD 1 N BA 11 IO VO RUM BELG 1802) BAT 180 MO; ARG 26 9N) ور } 1765 ว 1766 10 AVO RU HOL (1802) 12 ARG G ORD MÓ ARG OR حار اليه 1804 18 Z ولند منير المقني هو من؟ الى جربين 1783 ITTA ke سالمعنى رزدجال 14 ՂՈ (wannjury ពេល muGo HOLLAND, FOR EAST INDIES, SILVER. Numbers 1 and 9, Guldens, 31 cents; Num- bers 2 and 3, ¼ Gulden, 7 cents; Number 4, % Gulden, 3 cents; Numbers 5, 6, 7, 12, 13 and 14 Rupees of India Isles, worth from 22 to 35 cents; Numbers 8 and 10, IIalf Guldens, 15 cents VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. 107 RELINOVAM VOS ORPHA NON 20 BAIOCCHIE 1835. JAY GRE Mc. B. [S·XVI PON A ONT PAVS-IX-PU PON-A MAX NIC.CEARARA 1 SCUDO VACANTE SEDE MDCCCXX BIELSKUSEM QUINNBETRE R. PIVS VIII. PONT NIC. 30 BAIOCCHI 1836 MAX. ANNOI. C.VOIGT 2 1830 PATRES TVI VERIOV ISTI SVN PASTORE GREGO 6 R 5 BAIOCCHI 1835 GORIVS AVT PONT *** BAT.30 MONTA 183 GREGORIVS F PONT MAX 1832 7. CERRARA BROMYA AII AMAL ANNO II SCVDO 1847. GREGORIVS XV DAA LYMEN AD R PON MAX 1834 AIV NIC.CERRADA.. 9 REVELATIONEMG GENTIVAL ROMA BAJ.R. 50 ROMA ITALY, ROME, SILVER. Numbers 1, 2, 8 and 9, Scudo, 77 cents; Number 3, Papetto (20 Baiocchi), 15 cents; Numbers 4 and 6, Testone (30 Baiocchi), 23 cents; Number 5, Five Baiocchi, 3 cents; Number 7, 50 Baiocchi, 39 cents. 108 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. CANDYS FERDI II. DEL 1851 ANDYSI GRATIA 2 DEL GR 18.51 Хая DELLE 7 TR REGNT TH BEGNI. SIC. WIER 100 THATP. 21 23 TITOLO MIELESİDİL 996. DUCATI 15 SIC ETHER TRAPP 4 20 100 TITOLO MILLLESI996 DUCATIS. DUE 40 LIRE REGNO CILIE DUE 20 LIRE DELLE SEGNO ONTH SICILIE MARYA HARVM BISPANIARY 019 GIRACCHINO DEANS 1818 ACINI 85 TITOLO MILLEST99 DUCATI 3, INFANS ACINI 425 TITOLO MILLESIÐII 996 DUCATI LS NAP POLEON 1813 APOLEONE 1783 INFANS 1767 1813 SICILIARE 600 G. VTR HIER REX ANS TN REGNI REGNI 1818 D BICICL FERDIN BEGNI RYMET FERDINA 9 SICET 900 TRAPPED TITOLO MILLESDA906 DUCATI G HIER Ⅱ. ET HIER BEX FERDI DET GRATIA HEX 10 IV.D G· 1851 SICILLARY BISPANIAR RE FERDINAN 11 RGIT 375 HISPANIAR HISP D.G. OFLT 6 SIC ETHI SATOURS ET REX BP D. & SIC TS D. SIC ET 12 ∙HIE REX ∙REX PAN SIB j INF P ANS 1733 ITALY, SICILY, GOLD. Nos. 1 and 8, 15 Ducats, $12.40; Nos. 2, 7, 9 and REX 11, Three Ducats, $2.32; No. 3, 40 Lire, $7.70; No. 4, 20 Lire, $3.83; Nos. 5, 6, 10 and 12, Six Ducats, $4.82. D.G. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. 109 द HONORE HONORE 20 FRANCS 1838 BORANDE. PRINC PRINCE HONORE PRINC DE MONACO DE 4.ROCAZ MONA 40 FRANCS 1838 M 5 FRANCS 1837.M PRINCE HON НОСАТ DE MONACO 1/2 TRANC 1837. 1/4 FRANC 1830. JB LI C. A RE Во DONDII. S ONACO. DE 1 ERANC 1838 M HONORE PRINCE DE MONACO ITALY, MONACO, GOLD. No. 1, 20 Francs, $3.85; No. 2, 40 Francs, $7.70. SILVER. No. 1, 5 Francs, 95 cts.; No. 2, ½ Franc, 9 cts.; No. 3, 4 Franc, 4½ cts. ; No.4, 1 Franc, 19 cts; No. 5, 2 Francs, 38 cts. LIBERTAD, LA C P O P A LICA DE COLOMBIA T 4 RE 1824 DE 1827 1 GO J GOTA REP LICA 1835 1827 DE COLOM COLOMHE LIBERTAD OLOMBIA 8 LICA REPU 1829 OP 2 PAY 2/FRANCS DE LIBERTA V 1837 M COLOM A I 8 E F M 1 UNITED STATES COLOMBIA, GOLD. Numbers 1 and 2, Doubloon, $15.53; No. 3, Escudo, $1.78; No. 4, % Doubloon, $7.74; No. 5. Peso, 86 cents. 110 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. * 果 ​铂 ​樂 ​2 420 GRAINS. • FINE 006 TRAND DOLLAR. www 歌 ​二十​錢 ​五十​錢 ​九 ​SEN 10 SEN 。 20 SEN 。 2 易 ​拜 ​11 穴 ​SO SEN JAPAN, SILVER. No. 1, Trade Dollar m., 78 cents; No. 2, One Yen, 863 cents; No. 3, Fifty Sen, 43, cents; No. 4, Ten Sen, 8y cents; No. 5, Dime m., 6f cents; No. 6, Five Sen, 4 cents; No. 7, Twenty Sen, 17 cents; No. 9, 辛 ​Yen. 20 cents; No. 10, Dime m., 3 cents; No. 11, Half Yen, 43 cents. § ! VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. 111 } } NU REPUBLICA DEI แ STINUS COVIDENTER PR •M.182 ·S. J.M. 8.S. MEX I- DEI PROVIDENTE Mi. 182 · 8 · S · J · M · 2 MEX IMP I MEXICANA 3 LIBERTAD IMPERA LA AT ILSNOJ MEXICAN REPUBLICA REPL MOM EN LA LEY LET SE M-1828 BLICA REPUBL ME 6 M·21·0° RTAU EN LA M1831 LIBERTAD EN LA SNOJ LA ERLAD EN LA LEX NINIA LEY REPUBLICA 8E·M.18 32. J·M·2108 LIBERTAD EN LA ·T·M•21 EN MEX LA 7 183 LEYO MEXICA LEV LEY 9 ` 1 · E · G · 1 8 3 q . p · J · Z10 REPUBLIC 10 LALIBER 875 MEXIC 38-A 1825 MEXICA CANA GINGO 875 9 PESO UPLICA REP M PUBLICA EXIC AIMA 1871 11 M M 2/2 OĄ E. PESOS DIEZ CA BLIC MIXI PESOS 1873 MEXICO, GOLD. Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4, Donbloon m., $15 70; No. 5, 4 Doubloon m., $3,85; No. 6, % Doubloon m.. $1.94: No. 7, 1-16 Doubicon m., 94 cents; No. 8, 2 Doubloon m, $7.87; No. 9, Five Pesos, 491; No. 10, Ten Pesos, $0.33; No. 11, 2% Pesos, $2.45. 1812. 1 112 UBLICA VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. MEXICA 1 GA RE H REPUBLI ME 18. 43 MEXICANA ! 200 LIBERTAD ZOD RĤ· 1859 PR · ༩༡-༢༠- M BLICA MEXICA &R.G LIBERTADI G. 184 2•I• G• 10D:) UBLICA PUBLI MEXICANA LBERTA 100 200 R.M·1845 · M• M·10D³ 10 CENT 1864 M ERIO XICANO ON. IMPERADOR 群 ​8 LIBER R.D: 1852.R.M.10D 20 50 CENT MA IMPERIO การ RMEXICANO EMRERADDE MAX USTIC 1866 M IMPERIO 1PESO ANO & MEXICANO MEXICO, SILVER. Numbers 1, 2, 3, 5 and 8, Peso or Dollar, 87 cents; Number 4, Real, 2 cents; Number 6, Ten Centavos, 83 cents; Number 7, Half Dollar, 43 cents. 9981 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S.MINT. 113 سلطان البرن و خاقات الجرس الله ادانا برد السلطان السلطان 1 3 الطاقة وخا قائل بحرين تفاقاتل السلطان الشاطري لما ازالہ وحا قاتل تحرين السلطانا السلطان السلطان 2 السلمان منشطنط السلطان དང་ང་ عبدالا خارت MOROCCO, GOLD. This is one Buntagui, half and quarter. No. gold has been coined in Morocco for nearly a century. Valuable only as curiosities. B خنتس 孔 ​3 2 5 2..... الكس JAPAN, GOLD. Number 1, Twenty Yens, $19.93; No. 2, Ten Yens, $9.96; Number 3, One Yen, 99 cents; Number 4, Two Yen, $1.99; Number 5, Five Yen, $1.98. 114 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. DOS GRAM." 20 1 LE 7 RACION 1860 UN PESO 0,9 T UNIDOS GRA INA STADOS SHT ** GRAMOS 20 CENT 855 BOGOTA LE CINCUENTA NEW GRANADA, SILVER. 300. 6.12, BOGITA DE LIBERTAT COLOMBIA 1883 10 UNIDOS VADOS CENTAVO LEI 2,855 DE LA NUEVA DE LINN 1848 A 8 COLOMBI LE DIEZ REALES Number 9, Half Peso, 45 cen's; N mber 10, Twenty Centavos, 20 cents. UN SUCRE HEAT ON BIRMINGHAM DE SUCRE DESIMO 0.900 2.5 DECISIO DE SUCR LETOO Numbers 7 and 8, One Peso, 91 cents; LOA DEL ་་་་་་ CUADDE PUBLI REP BIRMINGHAMI Published by A. M. SMITH, Post Office Box 754, PHILADELPHIA, PA., U. S. A. 12.5 UN LEI MEDIO DEL SUCRE 0.900 ECUA A 1 DEL 18 8 4 DEL ULCA REP ECHADOS CRAM ·900. 127 لمعا BIRMINGHAM ΤΗΣ BEP 18 8 4 ECUADOR, SILVER. Number 1, One Sucre or Peso, 80 cents; Number 2, 1-10 Sucre, 8 cents; Number 3, Half Sucre, 40 cents; Number 4, 1-5 Sucre, 16 cents. BIR 7884 ECUADOR" 4 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. 115 XIV JOHAN WAN NORGES XIV CARL SVER GOG V.KONGE NORGES XIV JOHAN TUV? SVER GOCV: KON 2 ORGES JOHAN N CARL XID 94 ST. LAKES. 1 18 X 44 JOHAN.NOKGES CARL XIV OHAN NORGES 4 STERLOGY ΕΘΝΟΣ SVER 1 60 18 2 ST: INK:TS 18 21 IGP: CARL سرسس NORGES SVERG GOG KIV JOHAN CARL G₂OGL SVER: NGE 1 94STIMEES 18 21 SPS SHI SPS OSCAR AR FODDER 1 Sps SP JASTIME.F.S 16291 7 SROG V.KONCE ་ *RET NORGES ባር SANDHET SVER $24 SK 1845 Go JOHAN NO GARL HIE SPs SKI 1&2 STIM RF-S 1891 18! ST Mios MK.FS SPS QGV. KONCE 24 1830 SV.0.06 V. 400 Sk 12 Sk ORGES OSCAR 24. .KONGA RETOCSANDHED SKILLING SPECIES. 1819 IGP 10 JOHAN 18 ORGET SVER ០៩ KONGE V.KONI NORWAY AND SWEDEN, SILVER. Numbers 4, 5 and 6, Half Species Dalers, 41 cents; Numbers 7, 8 and 10, 24 Skilling, 16 cents; Number 9, 12 Skilling, 8 cents. Numbers 1, 2 and 3, Species-Dalers, 83 cents; 116 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. 2 6 3 4 119 LITTO شاط الناطة 10 IIIIII PERSIA, GOLD. Nos. 1 and 5, Pieces of Ali Shah, $2.11; No. 2, Roupee, $7.23; Nos. 3, 4, 9 and 10, A Roupees, $2.10; No. 6, Roupee, 90 cents; No. 7, 1-16 Boupee, 43 cents; No. 8, 1 Roupee, $3.73. 8 و الزلر بكثرة الهي مصر تخفيف والقصر نسل الله 1 2 OHI 1 90 سسس فديو 3 MOROCCO, SILVER. Numbers 1, 2 and 3, Miscals, from 60 to 82 cents in value. Spanish Silver is generally used here. II8 9 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. 117 قران CO 1. بشار الشاى X 6 7 9 وار الحالم 11 12 134 14 10 15 16 PERSIA, SILVER. Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8, are the SahKoran, worth from 16 to 28 cts.; Nos. 6, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 16, Rupees, 17 cts.: Nos. 7 and 9, 14 and ½ Rupees, 3% and 8 cts.; No. 15, Penabat, 12 cts. 1 السلطان نها قارك السلطانين السلطان وست ۱۳ 4 88 جزایر مسلالة الالماس السلطان قال الساطار السلطان داراین ١٨٧ 3 ALGERIA, TRIPOLI, TUNIS, GOLD. Nos. 1, 3 and 4, Sequins, from $1.24 to $1.70; No. 2, Half Sequin, 86 cents; No. 5, Quarter Sequin, 72 cents. 118 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. PODER PROS POR LA JUSTICIA FELIZ 1880 Y FIRME FELIZ Y POR FIRME 4 PERUANA REPUBLICA U CINCO FINO BE FELIZ 10 5 Y FIRME ANA. PESETAS... •PERUANA M REPUB PERU UNION REPUB POR LIBE NION SR M B •1840 M.BR RUANA ་ REPUB FELIZ FIRMEYHE POR LA M 2R 1833 MM POR 10D 1842 6 POR ᏂᎪ . LIMA. DECO 5º DE SOL FUANA PER UNION •206S M B PERUANA REPUB FIRME UNION LA UNION A W. CONFEDERACION SUD LIMA 1871 D REPUB Y.J PERU ANA 1838 R. ARE 4 POR LA FELI REPUBING 188 ست FINO R PERUANA EPUB 1853 M 21 IRME] PORL . UNION LIBER TAD UN SOL UNION PERU, SILVER. Numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4, Peso or Sol, 80 cents; Number 5, Two Reals, 16 cents; Number 6, 1-5 Sol, 16 cents; Number 7, Four Reals, 32 cents; Number 8, Real, 4 cents. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. 119 VALG. GPORT ET Ä V⋅ D S CANNE M mów 1728. RE SVD-GPORTET Z JOANNES REX -D ΠΡΟ U 17410 PORTE 3 SPOR MARIAN 5 ALG GINA. ENT 6 ALG PETRUS I 7 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ARIATET 7 6.91 INCE afa nur 哭 ​780.B 16 HO OOOT SID #OAN V® G STOR ET 1752 11 SPORTER 1,1752/158327 13 G-PORTE GREX со 141 IN 10 IDG.P 1730 A TOAN 12 ORTETA ALG. HUSI OSEP SERHUSED [-ET-ALG·REGES,” PE *** II MARIA 400 17 CES 179 FORT 10: G·POR' OTS MAR 18 ET ALG REGENS REX 52 14 ORT⋅ETA 1761 15 1788 R ETAL RE GINA REGIN 1805 PORTUGAL, GOLD. Number 1, Dobra, m; $17.29; Numbers 2, 13, 15 and 18, Half Dobra, m. $8.64; Number 3, Escudo, m. $2.15; Number 4 and 10, Half Escudo, m. $1.07; Number 5 and 12, 16 Testous, m. $2.15; Nuniber 6 and 11,4 Dobra, m. $4.30; Number 7 and 9, 8 Testons, m. $1.07; Number 8 and 17, New Crusado, m. 60 cents; Number 16, 14 Moidore, m. $1.54, 120 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. TOOVAAP. ОТВЕННАЯ POCCIИCKAH MOHE TA •I•• АТЕРИЙ А CABE B-M・D CIB 1802 CAMGAR CEP OO CYA RICAMOAS CEPOC PVBAE 2 MOH-IEBA • ТЕПЕ СКАЯ POCCIFIC ЧИСТАТО ΟΛΟΤΑ 130ЛОТН 39 XO AFIT CIB пять PYBAKLY 1850 ro 3940 JOAME 5 TICTA РУБЛЕЙ ПИКЪ 18.43 CHE VOST 7030 AOTA HE HAMS HE HAMh AИMIHИ TBOEMY CFF AH 8 17 AMY DA 51 HE RAML HE HAMD ДИМЯНИ TBOE MY КОРОНОКАНЬ Bb MOCKBB ВЪСЕНТЯБР 1801 A 1796 12 CTA НЕНАМЪ ELEIAM h ANMIHN ГБОЕМУ -3. РУВАЯ 20 ZLOTYCH. 1838. TOAR 13 ЯТЬРЫЕ 7 АМИРА ΙΟ РИ 63 [1 CAMOLE ME PYDABL ✓ БРИЙД NEK СЕРИЙ 5 LOL! IMI-ICAMOA T PHUA BOEPOE RUSSIA, GOLD. Numbers 1 and 2, Imperials, $7,98; Number 3, Double Ducat, m. $4.42; Number 4, Five Roubles. $3.95; Number 5 and 13, Ducat, m. $2.29; Nos. 6 & 12, Three Roubles, $2;38; Number 7 and 11, Imperial Ducat, m. $2.28; Numbers 8, 9 and 10, Half Imperial, $3.99. • KRA A A E ES LA JI I I EPXFITE POCHI M 3 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. ar 1. UPL·LIETPь A BIYE SIFBIST ФЛЕЙ ATO ATHI 121 MAHETA HOBA 8 2 CEP 83 1/3 LOAT (EPHHAIT 2 NCAMOA MOHDTA HOATIHA 2 1844 CHE OBET TA 27 O TOAL ΑΘΛΗ M ЧИСТАГ MHLOVOE للناس um TOCVAAP CTBEHHALI ¿POUCINCKAI MOHETA CHE CHD H СЕРОСС ALL РУБЛЬ 1877 C.M.E. ACTATO I PARO CEPES *15.* КОПЬЕЛЬ 1 ZTOTY OA M 20 КОЛЬЕКТ U-HB 10 KONBEK EB CEPE 1833. RUSSIA, SILVER. No, 1, Rouble (Peter the Great), 61 cents; No. 2, Rouble of several types, 57 cents; No. 3, 20 Copecks, 12 cents; No. 4, Rouble (Nich- olas I.), 57 cents; Nos. 5 and 6, 10 and 15 Copecks, 6 and 8 cents. 122 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. СИНЫЕ MAT 2 301:41 РУБАИ ПАСЕРЕБРО 1328 (-I-b АТИН VII 9 12Ⓡ РУБЛЕЙ HACEPESPO 1830. C.HG 89. ΔΟΛ ИОТИК 430487 VOT • СКОЙ ПЛАТИНЫ 6* РУБАЕИ HACEPELOP 1851 C-II·5. ЧИС DE DIOS RUSSIA, PLATINA. No. 1, Twelve Roubles, m. $9.00; No. 2, Six Roubles, m. $450; No. 3, Three Roubles, mi. $2.25. This money was only made from 1823 to 1837. PANA REY DE QAPOR OR LAG- ESPANA ISABEL -1859- YLA CONS LAS ES L.M. 1 1870 MILESIMAS سمت 2006 www *AO PIEZAS P UL TRA LEY SN- SUPESETAS 5 AMA 2 LEY 900 MILESI FLOST 1874 AO PIEZASI LURA KILOG 3 DE REINA KILOG. •W. ESPANAS SIPIESTITAS SD. DE ESPA IIX M⭑ OR 20 REALES www CONST ICERONAU BEY PLUS ENG PESETAS PE •M• 1878 LAG DE DIOS SPAIN, SILVER. No. 1, 2 and 4 Pieces of 5 Pesetas, 96% cents; No. 3, Piece of 20 Reals, of cents. 1 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. D •G.HISPAN M Doo! ET IND 123 1·D·CHISPANET LVS GET IND 1 "TRAQUE“ & محلي ΟΥ 2 3 F VN UM JS. III 1740 DEI 1778 $17478 X RE ATIA RATI D R S WO HISP AS τη ว 6 QUE 5 7. HIS ADS G ND TRAQU H 4 RFF P VINY CAROLUS RI W1 •M 2 VN NUM 765 DEL 1774 M HISPAN ƠN I CRATIA 7 אז 17 HIS ANT SPAIN, SILVER. Nos. 1, 3 and 4, Reals of 8., m., 78 cts.; No. 2, Piastre (for Mexico) m., 77 cts.; Nos. 5, 6, 7, Quarter Piastres, m., 19 cts.; No. 8, % Piastre, 9 cts. REIS 124 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. SCHAFT ENE BRAS POST UBLIC RES (LEC) VESIS GENEVE 1807 RIDGENO TR XIX CANT SIS ENS AL DUCATUS KREIPUBLICÆ LUCERNEN SIS IX 1744 24 MZ: GL: 1704 LEODE SAN 1715 DUCATUS REIPUB. LUCER NEN SIS TUS MA ORRIBOR UFA 178 $. BYDG BE 12. MZ: GL: 1794. PUBL SP LIO UNEN 10 1804 XIX CANE 13 EL-STE-AR SIS 21 FRAAS DOEN 'IVA MART D 16 a EL CVIOID 16 CHWEIZER FRANKEN 1813 CANTON 11 12 STRANK EIDSGEN XIX MOSST CANT 32FBANK 1813 DUCAFUS REIPIBLICA SVITENSIS 1780 15 MAR 1708 NICOL 174 CTUS 17 ARTINES CATES REIP SAN R NIE 18 AVSV LAUS VON 19 LUE NICOL FLUS 20 DE ELLE PAT DEIV SUBSYLY SUPERTon * 1726 DUCATUS HKIPUB SUB SILVANIR. 1743 REIPUB SUBSILY SUPER 1787 1417 #1720 SWITZERLAND, GOLD. No. 1, Triple Pistole, $10.63; Nos. 2, 4, 8, 12 and 14, Double Pis- tole, $9.03; Nos. 3 and 8, Double Ducat, $4.00; Nos. 5, 7, 9, 11, Pistole, $4.47; Nos. 6, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, Ducat, $2.11; No. 10, Pistole, $1.07; No. 11, ½ Pistole, $2.27, No. 13, Frederich d'or $1.65, No. 21, 14 Ducat, 54 cents; No. 22, ½ Ducat, $1.11. NO DOMIN 1761Y DIT DOMINE CONSERVA NOS IN PACE 1761 DU VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. 125 1 HELVETIA HELVE TIA 5 Fr. 1851 · 5 1 Fr. 1850 2Fr 1850 Fr. 1850 HELVETJA PACE IN SON MINI 7 BASILEA & VAL NOVIC ► SUP 1E 1875 2FF 1875 MA C FREISCHIESS TR EID GENOSSES CHES HT 1799 HI REX BOR PR EN IN CHUR 8 1842 CANTON GRAUBUNDE um SUOM 8882 21-BZ: CUIQUE 4 SCHWEIZER FRANKEN SWITZERLAND, SILVER. No. Five Francs, 963 cents; Nos. 2 and 6, One Franc, 19 cents; Nos. 3 and 5, Two Francs, 383 cents; No. 4, Half Franc, 091 cents; Nos. 7 and 8, Ecu, $1.04; No. 9, Two Batzen m. 43. 126 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. المارا وطاقارم سلطان الة شاطات استاران لطاقات الدري السلطان البر ري البساطة ///// مات 2 noerat ۱۲۰۰ ما طار شاران کا قان این مان تالار EGYPT, GOLD. Numbers 1, 7 and 8, 50 Piasters, from $1.16 to $2,62; Numbers 2 and 6, 100 Piasters, $4.96; Numbers 3 and 5, 124 Piasters, 30 and 52 cents; Number 4, 25 Piasters, 86 cents. رالخلافة المحلية الحلاقة االي باطنية تلفـ TURKEY, GOLD. Numbers 1, 2 and 8, Piece of 25 Piasters, 89 cents; Numbers 3, 4, 6 and 7, 124 Piasters, 43 cents; Number 5, 6 Piasters, 21 cents; Number 9, 100 Piasters, $4.34; Number 10, 50 Piasters, $2.16. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO U. S. MINT. 127 1 4 ONV JABAN πατο 5 GARAE HVATION LIBER ES CIDO ESTADOS UNIDOS ŠIVATTO DE VEN VENEZ LA”. •LEI 835. CAURIL G: 12,500 LIBERTAD 1876 1 ABPUBLICE RE DE 10 REALES 1863 1 A ONEZURES VENEZUELA, SILVER. S 3 UNIDOS GRAM BAKK 1874 BOLIVAR HVAITOS MEERTADOR DEV 4 NEZUEL LE1835 BARRE LIBERTA DOS شما BARRE ESTADOS UNIDOS LIBERTADOR 5 · DE VENE CR250 2 UNIDOS DE VENEZI ESTADOS GRAM AEPEND DE JULIO 1811 25 DIOS Y FED * 1879 ALFRED 28 DE MARZO ور LET 200 Numbers 1 and 2, One Boliviana, 80 cents; Number 3, Half Boliviano, 40 cents; Number 1, 1-5 Boliviano, 16 cents; Number 5, 1-10 Boliviana, 8 cents. UA I KALAK LING OF HAWAIT HEEAOKA 2 AINA I ΚΑ PONO. E.4 لايد ليا TAMALUKE KA 1 AINAKA PONO 1883 I KING 1883 OF HAWAL AHL DALA KRA AINATI HAFALUA ww EACK P OND 3 КА ONE DIME UMI HAWII (SANDWICH ISLANDS), SILVER. Number 1, One Dollar, m. 77 cents; Number 2, Half Dollar, m. 36 cents; Number 3, Dime, m. 7 cents; Number 4, Quarter Dollar, m. 18 cents. 128 VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. BBLIC REPUES ITAL SCUDO DA LIRF 5 D.19,275 E 1 AGRICOL OLTURA ANNO,II, ICA SOLDI 30 D/5,782. M TALT JA 2 REPUBB 1 LIRA DENARI.4. M 11 I RE ANA BLICA ITAL E CIO N TAL GRICOLTURA AGRICULTURA AN. II. M E COMMER REP SOLDI 10 D.3,128, LICA REPUB LIRA DA SOLDI 20 D.3,855 $10 SOLDI DENARI.2 ANA BBLICA AN 6 COM ΤΑ ITAL 1804, III MERCIO COMM CROTO TURA AGR .ANNO. M BLICA 1804.III. RE SOLDI DENT E 7 ITALIANA COM ΟΙ ERCIO UMB BBLICA REPUBE 180ADI 2 LIRE DENARI. 8 M RE D'ITALI BLICA RE SOLDI 5 D.1,584 5 LIRE DENARI.20. M UBBLICA REP RE ITAL LAN 1804. III. CA 1804.III 10 TURA E AN COMMERCI ITALI TALIANA JANA UMBERTO DITALIA IPFRANIN 1884 12 5 11 1879 ITALY, SILVER. Nos. 1,8 and 11, Scudo, (5 Lire) 96 cts.; No. 2, 30 Soldi, 28 cts.; Nos. 3 and 5 1 Lire, 19 cts., Nos. 4 and 6, 10 Soldi, 9 cts,; Nos. 7 and 10, 5 Soldi, 4 cts.; Nos.9 and 12, 2 Lire, 38 cts. VISITOR'S GUIDE TO THE U. S. MINT. ANCIENT COINS IN THE CABINET. THE Old Time yields up his precious hoards, Calm Science gives her just awards; By tarnished coin, th' long-hidden past, restored, Proves History's truth,-completes her grand record. 1 ANCIENT GREEK COINS. OM 11 9 1 3 7 こ ​10 13 12 acoo 14 ANCIENT GREEK COINS. The rather numerous plates devoted to Greek coins of past ages are by no means the least valuable or interesting in this work, comprising as they do, records and studies in mythology through the presentation of the gods and heroes as imagined by their worshipers; in history presenting what must be accepted as authentic portraits of sovereigns and princes from Alexander to Augustus. covering a period of from B. C. 700, to the Christian Era, and giving reliable evidences of political changes and histories of the many autononomous cities and states of the then civilized world; the metrologist will find much to command attention in comparison of the various systems and standards; the paleographist will have examples of the ancient alphabets, Lycian and Cyprian, Phoenician, Greek, Latin, Iberian, &c., in different stages of development, and the artist or medallist see before him models of perfection, that for elegance of design and excellence of finish defy the genius and skill of the present day to equal or even approach. The plates present specimen coins of Syria, Egypt, Asia Minor, Phoenicia, Northern and Central Greece, the Peloponnesus and islands of the Ægean, Italy, Sicily, Western Europe, the southern shores of the Mediterranean, &c., &c., exhibiting the Period of Archaic Art, ending with the Persian wars, B. C. 700- 480; Period of Transitional and Early Fine Art, to the end of the Athenian supremacy, B. C. 480-400; Period of Finest Art, Age of the Spartan and Theban supremacies, B. C. 400-336; Period of Later Fine Art, Age of Alexander and the Diadochi, B. C. 336-280; Period of the Decline of Art, Age of the Epigoni, &c., B. C. 280-190; Period of continued Decline of Art, Age of the Attalids, B. C. 190-100; and Period of the late Decline of Art, Age of Mithradates the Great and of Roman dominion, B. C. 100-1. The skill of the most eminent artists and engravers has been called into requisition in the preparation of these beautiful plates from authentic, original coins, and the results of their efforts, superior though it is, hardly does justice to the elegant models from which they copied. 1. A Phocaic stater, electrum metal, of Lesbos. Obverse, a lion's head; Reverse, an incuse square. Probably belonging to the period immediately pre- ceding the reform of the coinage by Cicesus, B. C. 560. 2. A "LAMPSACENE stater," such as is mentioned in Attic inscriptions, together with the staters of Cyzicus. This is of electrum; about the end of the fifth century a gold coinage was introduced. The sea horse is a symbol of Poseidon. About B. C. 478. 3. Early gold coin, an Euboic stater of Sardis, capital of Lydia. Obverse, foreparts of lion and bull, face to face; Reverse, incuse square. B. C. 568. 4. A double stater of Cyzicus, Lion with fish below, on observe; Reverse, punch-mark, about B. C. 470. 5. A gold Daric, or Persian stater, of Darius Hystaspes, who died B. C. 404. Obverse, the King kneeling with bow and javelin; Reverse, the punch mark. 6. COLOPHON, a coin of a dog standing upon a fish. Pliny states that the people of this city trained their dogs to assist in war, and to do duty as sentinels; Date about B. C. 500. 7. DOUBLE STATER of Phocea, an Ionian city in Asia Minor. A seal on the Obverse, and mark of punch on the Reverse. Date about B. C. 500. 8. DIDRACHM of Ægina, an island in the Saronic gulf. Obverse, a land tortoise; Reverse, the punch-mark divided into compartments. Date B˚C. 750. 9. TEOS, a gold coin of head of the fabulous griffin on Obverse, and punch- mark of very early date on Reverse. Date B. C. 520. 10. An incuse coin of the city of Sybaris, destroyed B. C. 510. A bull is shown, looking backwards. The initial letters, read from right to left, the first letter turned partly over, indicating great antiquity. 131 ANCIENT GREEK COINS. ! ПIANOP 15 NVLILY. 16 2001 17 دوووود ΟΡΑΣ 18 نن و دد HEPTINAN 2000 1177 h 21 20 DANKVE 22 19 ANCIENT GREEK COINS. 11. Of the Spartan colony of Cyrene in Africa. Obverse, the sacred Silphium plant; Reverse, in punch mark, head of Jupiter Ammon. Date B. C. 450-430. 12. Of Athens, probably in the time of Pericles. Obverse, head of Athena (Minerva); Reverse, punch mark with owl and the initials of the city. 13 Early coin of Syracuse in Sicily. Obverse, head of Jupiter, with thun- derbolt behind the shoulder.. P 14. Very early coin of Selinus, a town on the south coast of Sicily. Obverse, leaf of wild parsley, the sacred symbol of the city. 15. TETRADRACHM, of Panormus. Obverse, Head of Demeter, the products of the field in her hair; Reverse, a horse galloping past a palm tree. Date, B. C. 480. 16. Bronze coin of Panormus. Obverse, Head of Janus, laureated; Reverse; Po, enclosed in a wreath of olive leaves. B. C. 480. 17. Bronze coin of Panormus. Obverse, a helmeted male head, laureated; name of the city around it; Reverse, a laureated male head. B. C. 480. 18. Bronze coin of Panormus. Obverse, a fine head of Pallas; Reverse, a horse head and the trinacrin, typifying the three-cornered island of Sicily. B. C. 480. 19. Bronze coin of Mamertini. Obverse, Head of Hercules in a lion's skin; Reverse, an eagle standing on a support and having a serpent trodden under his left claw. Date, about B. C. 400. 20. TETRADRACHM, of Panormus, a city in Sicily. Obverse, Head of Her- cules with lion's skin; Reverse, a horse head between a head of wheat and a palm branch. Date, B. C. 480. 21. Bronze coin of Panormus. Obverse, a male head; Reverse, three spears of wheat, indicating the fertility of the country. B. C. 480. 22. TETRADRACHM, of Zancle, now Messina, of Sicily. Obverse, a dolphin curved; Reverse, fancifully subdivided by two series of parallel lines, at right angles to each other. In the central space is a shell. Date, about B. C. 400. 23. TETRADRACHM, of Messana. Obverse, a hare, courant; Reverse; a car drawn by mules, with victory, holding crown, flying above. These peculiar types were first adopted on coins by Anaxilaus, who won a victory at Olympia with the mule car, and who introduced hares into Sicily. About B. C. 400. 24. A bronze coin of Mamertini. Obverse, a male head, laureated; Reverse, a bull, with lowered head, advancing towards the observer's left. Date, about B. C. 400. 25. TETRADRACHM, of Messenia, a south-westerly district of Peloponnesus. Obverse, a lion's scalp; Reverse, head of a calf, looking toward the observer's left. B. C. 450. 26. TETRADRACHM, of Catana, a city of Sicily. Obverse, a male head, laureated, full-face fronting Reverse, a quadriga passing a column, a victory flying above, a serpent beneath. B. C. 400. 27. TETRADRACHM, of Catana. Obverse, fine head of Apollo, laureated, etc.; Reverse, a quadriga, with a victory above and a crab beneath. B. C. 400. 28. An electrum coin of the city of Syracuse, the most important in Sicily. Obverse, an elegant head of Artemis; Reverse, a fine head of Apollo. B. C. 500. 29. TETRADRACHM, of Syracuse. Obverse, head of Arethusa, surrounded by dolphins; Reverse, a quadriga, with victory above, holding a légend; below are two dolphins. B. C. 500. 30. Bronze coin of Syracuse. Obverse, a fine head of Apollo; Reverse, a biga driven towards the observer's right; the Greek letter Psi in the exergue. B. Č. 500. ANCIENT GREEK COINS. MAMER N N 23 ΜΕΣΣΙ JU TINAN 24 NOI ME 25 KATANAIAN 26 EST. TELPA LY PAK ΣΙΩΝ E O M YAIN 29 N 臼 ​30 ZY PAR EAELAAT NATANAION 31 27 ANCIENT GREEK COINS. 31. TETRADRACHM, of Syracuse. Obverse, head of Pallas, helmeted, and behind a bunch or grapes over a wine cup; Reverse, a pegasus galloping. 32. TETRADRACHIM, of Syracuse. Obverse, head of Pallas, helmeted, bull's head between the head and border; Reverse, a pegasus in motion. B. C. 500. 33. TETRADRACIIM, of Syracuse. Obverse, a fine male head; Reverse, the fore-part of a pegasus galloping towards the observer's left. B. C. 500. 34. TETRADRACHM, of Syracuse. Obverse, a helmeted head; Reverse, a winged female standing, the right hand elevated, the left holding an animal by the head. B. C. 500. 35. TetradrACHM, of Agrigentum, one of the most powerful and celebra- ted of the Greek cities in Sicily. Obverse, an eagle; Reverse, a crab, and hel- meted head beneath it. B. C. 500. 36. Bronze coin of Agrigentum. Obverse, an eagle devouring a hare; Re- verse, a crab with animalcule above and sea-plant beneath. Three globules around the border and one on the crab. B. C. 500. 37. Bronze coin of Syracuse. Obverse, a laureated and bearded head of Zeus; Reverse, Hiero I, driving a quadriga, and holding a branch in his left hand. B. C. 470. 38. Bronze coin of Syracuse. Obverse, Head of Gelon, the hair confined with a fillet; Reverse, a lion walking towards the observer's right; club of Hercules; lamp beneath. B. C. 480. 39. Bronze coin of Agrigentum. Obverse, a bearded and laureated head; Reverse, an eagle standing with extended wings, a cornucopia in front and star over the left wing. B. C. 500. 40. Bronze coin of Agrigentum. Obverse, a bearded head; Reverse, a ser- pent coiled round a staff, dividing the legend. B. C. 500. 41. DIDRACHM, of Cephalodium, a town in Sicily. Obverse, Head of Ceres; Reverse, a shepherd with thyrsus in his left hand, standing with left foot resting on a hound and his right leg touching a second dog. About, B. C. 400. 42. Bronze coin of Syracuse. Obverse, bearded and laureated head of Posi- don; Reverse, an ornamented trident, with dolphin on either side. B. C. 480. 43. Bronze coin of Emporiæ, a city of Hispania. Obverse, a head with D. D. stamped on the helmet; Reverse, a pegasus, stamped D. D., running. About B. C. 400. 44. Bronze coin of Himera, a city of Sicily. Obverse, Head of Pallas; Reverse, female standing with lyre in left hand and wreath in right. About B. C. 400. 45. A silver coin of Leontini, a city in Sicily. Obverse, head of a lion, with open mouth, surrounded by four grains of wheat; Reverse, a biga, with Nice: crowning the horses. 46. Bronze coin of Leontini. Obverse, a female head, elegantly ornamented with a head dress; Reverse, a lion walking past a palm tree. About B. C. 450. 47. Bronze coin of Enna, a city in the centre of Sicily. Obverse, a pair of serpents harnessed to a plow; Reverse, a man standing and holding a long staff in his left hand. B. C. 450. 48. Bronze coin of Tauromenium. Obverse, a young head of Apollo; Re- verse, a bull butting. Tauromenium was a city on the east coast of Sicily. About 300 B. C. 49. Bronze coin of Mendenum. Obverse, a head of Apollo, laureated. Re- verse, Aesculopius standing upon a serpent and holding something in his right hand. B. C. 300. ANCIENT GREEK COINS. O K EXPAR 32 M Σ I N S 33 Ko الحرام Дз 34 35 37 ΣΙΩΝ AKPA 36 38 FA NUNIL 39 N AKPA AKPATAN TA ΤΙΝΩΝ 41 NU ZELA 40 42 ANCIENT GREEK COINS. £0. Bronze coin of Gela, an important town in Sicily. Obverse, a female crowning a minotaur; Reverse, Biga and Nice with wreath. About B. C. 500. 51. Bronze coin of Argyrina, a city of Sicily. Obverse, an eagle standing by a branch of fruit; Reverse, a cross patonce, having in each of the angles two letters of the city. B. C. 300. 52. Bronze coin of Oenidae, a town in Acarnania. Obverse, head of Zeus; Reverse, head of the minotour; this fabled monster typifying the river Achelous upon the bank of which the town was built. B. C. 400. 53. A silver coin of Segesta, a city of Sicily. Obverse, a female head, the hair confined with a fillet or band; Reverse, a dog scenting the ground. B. C. 450. 54. Bronze coin of Menaenum, an inland city of Sicily. Obverse, a laureated, juvenile head; two fishes in front thereof; Reverse, Ares advancing, with spear in right hand, shield and cloak in the ft. B. C. 300. 55. TETRADRACHM, of Segesta. Obverse, a male head; Reverse, a dog walking past three heads of wheat which stand side by side. B. C. 450. 56. Bronze coin of Halaesae. Obverse, a laureated head of Apollo; Reverse, a man standing, in his right hand an ornament; behind him is a lyre and in front a musical instrument—all emblems of Apollo. B. C. 300. 57. TETRADRACHM, of Naxos, an ancient city of Sicily. Obverse, laureated, juvenile head, laurel leaf behind it; Reverse, Silenus seated, with cup in his left hand, a thyrsus in the right hand, behind, an ivy branch, and in front a statue of Priapus. B. C. 450. 58. TETRADRACHM, of Naxos. Obverse, bearded head of Dionysus, fillet with ivy leaves; Reverse, Silenus seated, with wine cup, thyrsus and ivy, similar to No. 66. B. C. 450. 59. Bronze coin of Morgantia, a city in Sicily. Obverse, a fine head of Pal- las, helmeted and ornamented; Reverse, a lion standing, with a serpent below. B. C. 450. 60. TETRADRACHM, of Naxos. Obverse, bearded old head, surmounted by two horns; Reverse, a bunch of grapes hanging between two leaves. B. C. 450. 61. TETRADRACHM, of Selinus, an important Greek colony in Sicily. Ob- verse, a parsley leaf in a sunken square, the letters S. E. L. I. in the angles; Reverse, a parsley leaf inverted. B. C. 550. 62. Bronze coin of Tyndaris, a city on the north coast of Sicily. Obverse, Head of Demeter; Reverse, Castor and Pollux on horseback, galloping. B. C. 400. 63. Silver coin of Abacænum, a city in Sicily. verse, the Erymanthian boar, with erect bristles. Obverse, a bearded head. Re- B. C. 550. 64. TETRADRACHM, of Selinus. Obverse, a nude male standing, holding an offering in the right hand and a thyrsus in the left, a parsley leaf behind, a cock in a cage, and a bull behind; Reverse, two persons in a biga, one with bow and arrow, the other driving. B. C. 550. 65. Silver coin of Camarina. Obverse, a female head, much decorated and with a fish on either side; Reverse Leda seated on a swan, a fish below, etc. B. C. 500. 66. TETRADRACHM, of Camarina, a Greek city in Sicily. Obverse, head of Hercules in a lion's skin; Reverse, Ares driving a quadriga, Nice flying above, a swan flying below. B. C. 500. 67. Bronze coin of Centoripa. Obverse, bearded and laureated head of Zeus; Reverse, a thunderbolt dividing the legend. B. C. 500. ANCIENT GREEK COINS. D.D 44 cooq 43 EMPOR 45 46 NO10A3T 50 49 LAQ 51 AT IV 52 AEONTIN MINITANA TAYPOMIN 47 48 ENNAT NU I (P IN GINIAMAN E 53 MENI 54. TI ANCIENT GREEK COINS. 68. Bronze.coin of Cossura, a small island in the Mediterranean, half way between Sicily and Africa. Obverse, a female head, crowned, Eros decorating the front; Reverse, Phœnician legend enclosed with a laurel wreath. B. C. 500. 69. Bronze coin of Aetna, a city in Sicily at the foot of the mountain of same name. Obverse, head of Phoebus Apollo, with radiated crown; Reverse, Ares standing, with spear and shield. B. C. 500. 70. Bronze coin of Ioeta, a town in the interior of Sicily. Obverse, head of Zeus; Reverse, a soldier, standing, right hand extended, left holding a club. B. C. 450. 71. Bronze coin of Melita, an island in the Mediterranean Sea. Obverse, head of Ceres; Reverse, an ornamented tripod dividing the legend. B. C. 400. 72. TETRADRACHM, of Gelon, tyrant of Syracuse. Obverse, head of the tyrant, hair confined with a fillet; Reverse, a biga driven by Nice. B. C. 480. 73. Bronze coin of Liparia, a town in the island of the same name. Obverse, Haphaestus seated on tripod, holding in his extended left hand a cautharus, in the right a malleus; Reverse, six globules surrounded by the legend. B. C. 550. 74. Gold coin of Pyrrhus. Obverse, head of Pallas, the letter A. below; Reverse, Nice laying a wreath on an altar. B. C. 280. 75. Bronze coin of Calacte, a city on the north coast of Sicily. Obverse, head of Apollo; Reverse, his lyre dividing the legend. B..C. 400. Observe, head of Artemis; 76. GOLD STATER of Pyrrhus, King of Epeirus. Reverse, Nice marching, a thunderbolt in the field. B. C. 280. 77. Silver coin of Agathocles, King of Syracuse. Obverse, fine head of Per- sephone, wreathed; Reverse, Nice crowning a trophy, a triquetra in the field. B. C. 300. 78. TETRADRACHM of Hieron II, King of Syracuse. Obverse, fine head of Gelon, filleted; Reverse, Nice driving a quadriga. B. C. 220. 79. TETRADRACHM of Hieron II. Obverse, a fine head of Pallas, helmeted; Reverse, a pegasus. B. C. 220. 80. TETRADRACHM of Philistis, supposed queen of Hieron. Obverse, a beautiful female head of Philistis veiled; Reverse, Nice driving a quadriga. Legend "Queen Philistia." Date, B. C. 220. 81. Bronze coin of Panormus. Obverse, a female head, the hair confined by a band; Reverse, head of a horse, the letter A in the field, fronting the neck of the horse. B. C. 500. 82. Bronze coin of Panormus, an important city in Sicily. Obverse, an old male head, bearded and laureated; Reverse, a horse running, three globules in the field. B. C. 500. 83. Bronze coin of Pyrrhus. Obverse, a handsome female head, veiled, a tri- dent behind. Reverse, a thunderbolt dividing the legend. B. C. 280. 84. Bronze coin of Panormus. Obverse, a turreted head of Rhea; Reverse, a horse's head in front of a palm tree. B. C. 500. 85. Silver coin of Syracuse. Obverse, head of Arethusæ, surrounded by dol- phins; Reverse, a man driving a quadriga, Nice crowning the horses. B. C. 500. 86. Bronze coin of Syracuse. Obverse, head of Persephone; Reverse, man driving a biga, the letter sigma below, a sun above. B. C. 500. 87. Bronze coin of the city of Catana, in Sicily. Obverse, two bearded head, jugata; Reverse, a nude man standing, dividing the legend. B. C. 480. 88. Bronze coin of Gela. Obverse, a head with the hair erect, a grain of wheat near the border. Indications of the fertility of the region; Reverse a bull. In the exergue, three globules. B. C. 550. ANCIENT GREEK COINS. ΣΑΣ 55 N ΣΕΓΕΣΤΑ AXI 60 ΑΛΑΠ 56 AN 57 INAN 58 59 62 E 61 A I TYNAA PITAN 2 EAIN 64 NAZION ၁၁၁၁၁၁၁၁ 63 ABA NOI 65 ANCIENT GREEK COINS. 89. Bronze coin of Agrigentum. Obverse, an eagle with expanded wings, devouring a hare; Reverse, a crab, with two globules above, and a marine horse below. B. C. 550. 90. Bronze coin of Messana, a city in Sicily. Obverse, a hare, running; Re- verse, an octopus. B. C. 500. 91. Bronze coin of Solus, a city in Sicily. Obverse, head of Hercules in lion's skin; Reverse, a squill with three globules on and three globules under it. Punic inscription below. B. C. 500. 92. Bronze coin of Hybla, a city in Sicily. Obverse, a head, with bust draped, a bee behind it; Reverse, Dionysus standing, with thyrsus and canthorus, a pan- ther erect before him. B. C. 500. 93. Bronze coin of Megara, a city in Sicily. Obverse, head of Apollo, laure- ated; Reverse, the tripod of Apollo, dividing the legend. B. C. 500. 94. Bronze coin of Paropi, a city of Sicily. Obverse, fine head of Persephone; Reverse, a wreath of leaves and flowers. B. C. 500. 95. Bronze coin of Gaulos, an island in the Mediterranean Sea, the present Gozzo. Obverse, a helmeted head in a crescent, two globules behind it; Reverse, a soldier standing with sword and buckler, a sun in front. B. C. 500. 96. Bronze coin of Caena, a town in Sicily. Obverse, head of Pallas, two globules above; Reverse, Nice running with a crown in her right and a trophy in her left hand. B. C. 500. 97. DIDRACHM of Terina, a city of Bruttium. Obverse, a fine female head, the neck ornamented with a string of pearls; Reverse, Nice seated, holding on the back of her right hand a bird with extended wings. B. C. 500. 98. TETRADRACHM of Oluntium, a city in Crete. Obverse, head of Diana; Reverse, Zeus seated with basta and holding an eagle in his hand. B. C. 500. 99. Bronze coin of Cyzicus, a city on the Propontis in Mysia, Obverse, a female head, the hair bound by a stalk of wheat, and three wheat ears around it; Reverse, a caduceses surrounded by a wreath. B. C. 500. 100. Silver coin of Heraclea, a city in Lucania. Obverse, head of Pallas in armor; Reverse, Hercules strangling a lion, his bow and club in the field. B. C. 500. 101. Bronze coin of Eleutherna, a town of great importance in Crete. Ob- verse, head of Apollo, laureated; Reverse, Apollo seated on a lyre, holding in his right hand a globe. B. C. 500. 102. TETRADRACHIM of Alexander The Great. Obverse, head of Hercules, with lion's skin over it; Reverse, Zeus seated with hasta and an eagle standing in his right hand. B. C. 320. 103. GOLD STATER of Alexander III, The Great; who died B. C. 323. Ob- verse, head of Pallas; Reverse, Nice holding a trident and a crown for the victor; in the field a caduceus. 104. GOLD STATER of Philip II, King of Macedonia, who died B. C. 86. Obverse, head of Apollo; Reverse, the king driving a biga. 105. GOLD STATER of Lysimochus, King of Thrace, who died B. C. 281. Obverse, head of the king in the character of the Ammonian Jupiter; Reverse, Pallas holding Nice in her outstretched hand. 106. TETRADRACHM of Lysimachas. This coin bears emblems and inscrip- tions similar to those on the gold stater No. 118. 107. GOLD STATER of Selencus, King of Syria, who died B. C, 280. Obverse, head of the king in the character of Apollo; Reverse, Apollo standing with a bow in his left hand and an arrow in the right. ANCIENT GREEK COINS. ! MEAI TAILN ALON N VWV 71 66 KENTO ΣΥΡΑΚΟΣΙΟΥ BA ΛΙ 72 ΓΕΛΩΝΟΣ PITINAN 67 Δ 68 69 UI LM NO I A P 73 IV TYPPY 74 BAZIAEO BAZIA 75 76 TINUA AN 77 70 ANCIENT GREEK COINS. 108. GOLD STATER of Ptolemy, Soter, King of Egypt, who died B. C. 283. Obverse, head of king; Reverse; Jupiter driving a quadriga of elephants. 109. TETRADRACIIM of Ptolemy, Soter. Obverse, head of the king; Reverse, an eagle standing on a fulmen, or thunderbolt. B. C. 285. 110. TETRADRACHM of Macedonia. Obverse, head of Artemis surrounded by Macedonian shields; Reverse, club of Hercules dividing the legend, both encircled by a wreath. About B. C. 400. 111. Bronze coin of Seleucus IV, King of Syria, who died B. C. 175. Obverse, head of the king, the hair confined with a fillet; Reverse, prow and fore part of a ship, dividing the legend. 112. Bronze coin of Tigranes, King of Armenia, who died B. C. 69. Obverse, head of the king wearing a tiara; Reverse, a female seated, holding a cornucopiæ in one hand and a wreath in the other. 113. TETRADRACHM of Mithridates VI, King of Pontus, who died B. C. 63. Obverse, head of the king; Reverse, a pegasus dividing the legend, and surrounded with a wreath. 114. TETRADRACHM of Antiochus I, who died B. C. 216. Obverse, his head; Reverse, Apollo seated on a Cortina, holding in one hand a bow and in the other an arrow. 115. TETRADRACHM of Antiochus IV, King of Syria, who died B. C. 164. Obverse, portrait of the king; Reverse, an eagle standing on a fulmen, dividing the legend. 116. TETRADRACHM of Seleucus VI, surnamed Epiphanes, who died B. C. 94. Obverse, his portrait; Reverse, Pallas with spear in one hand and Nice in the other. 117. TETRADRACHM of Alexander I (Balas ), B. C. 152-144, struck at Tyre; date, year 163 of Seleucid Era, B. C. 149. Obverse, portrait; Reverse, Eagle with club of Hercules in front. 118. Bronze coin of Ptolemy II, surnamed Euergetes, King of Egypt, who died B. C. 222. Obverse, head of Jupiter Ammon; Reverse, an eagle on a ful- men-the Ptolemaic emblem. 119. TETRADRACHM of Philetarus, founder of the Kingdom of Pergamus, who died B. C. 263. Obverse, head of the king; Reverse, Pallas seated, offering a wreath, in the field a sword. 120. TETRADRACHM of Ptolemy V, surnamed Epiphanes, King of Egypt, who died B. C. 181. Obverse, head of the king; Reverse, Eagle on fulmen. 121. TETRADRACHM of Ptolemy VII, Euergetes II, known as Physcon, who died B. C. 117. Obverse, head of the king; Reverse, Eagle on fulmen. 122. Bronze coin of Berenice, wife of one of the Ptolemys of Egypt. Ob- verse, head of the queen, with covering extending over the bust; Reverse, a cornucopiæ surrounded by the legend. 123. TETRADRACHM of Nicomedes III, Philopator, King of Bithynia, died B. C. 74. Obverse, head of the king; Reverse, Zeus discharging a thunderbolt from his left hand and holding basta in his right. 124. GOLD STATER of Pharnaces, King of Pontus, who died about B. C. 170. Obverse, head of the king; Reverse, Apollo seated, a lyre behind and a tripod in front of him. 125. GOLD STATER of Cyrene, a city of great importance in northern Africa. Obverse, Nice driving a quadriga; Reverse, Zeus standing with hasta and holding a patera over an altar. B. C. 500. ANCIENT GREEK COINS. ΒΑΣΙΛΕΙΟΣ ΓΕΡΩΝ Σ 78 ΙΕΡΩΝΟΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΙΣΣΑΣ N 80 ΦΙΛΙ ΣΤΙΛΟΣ 81 ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ TYPPOY 83 79 85 88 ΤΕΛΑΣ 89 82 86 ZIAN YPAK 87 84 ΝΑΙΩΝ POLA ၁၁ ANCIENT GREEK COINS. 90 91 BA 92 CAONTIAN ETAPA META LIETAPER 93 98 99 IMPARAN 100 94 101 95 96 TETT 97 NA JEPN : Коло 102 ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ 103 ANCIENT GREEK COINS. 1 104 BlɅirror AYEIMAXOY 105 SAXIAERI AYEIMAX 106 EYKOY ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ASIAERE 107 TONEMALOY, BAZIALA 108 110 ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΩΝ ΠΡΩΤΗΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ PATO ZEЛEY! 111 ΣΩΤΗΡΟΣ ΑΓ ONEMALOY птол WE Aq 109 PANOY OE 112 BAZIAEILZ ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ 113 MEPAAATY QEYNAT&PeΣ : ૦૭:૧૨ ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ W 114 ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ! ANCIENT GREEK COINS. 60000000 ENHANOYE OEOY 115 116 ANTIOXOY ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ EAEYK BAEVENE Hold d 117 118 垦 ​EMALOYEYE AZK HAETAIFON 1.19 LKA 120 BASI BAZN 121 REMALOYS LC KHE BEP BAZIAT 122 200 MROMHADY 123 ΗΣ BAZIAENE BAZIAE AZN SZME A 124 AKYPANAIRN 125 METAA PAFNAKY (*OMOBRAEYZ HISTORICAL COIN ATLAS OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. ERPETY Pieces of all Emperors, Empresses, Tyrants and Kings. CAE CAESAR S. 7 DIVIAVGN SIGNIS RECEP DEVICTIS GERM S C DIVI-F KAI ZAP 2 AVGT. PAVERS TVS SALO DIVO (AVGVSTO TICA KOOOODOOD Σ GERM ANTONIA AVCV DIVS ၁၁ဝဝဝဝဝဝဝဝ RINAMEN OYIN ໂດ AVG PA TV STA. P TR P OT ·S·P · QR 8 MEMORIAE AGRIPPINA VSTI AVE MPM ooooooooo TRIT IRMA CV CAES CLAYDIN'S ΙΛΙΟ TL SAR TICAE ཎྞ SAR C DIYO AVG C AVG AE SPOTTI CAESAR CLAVD CLATD TT CL INAL ANG-GER F 50000 AGRI 11 FM.TRIMPPP. L'ES по ARAV MVNICIP BVCA CASCANTVM GALBA IMP. SVLPIC. IVLILT CAESA TH... F. T HONO VIRTY NGVST ALSAR AVG USIOCARFE Ĉ HISTORICAL COIN ATLAS OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. Pieces of all Emperors, Empresses, Tyrants and Kings, FROM JULIUS CAESAR B. C. 70, TO THE EXTINCTION OF THE WESTERN EMPIRE, A. D. 476. 1. Cæsar, Caius Julius, born B. C. 100. Made Perpetual Dictator. B. C. 44. Murdered by Pompey and Senators, March 15th of same year. One of the most noted characters in history, distinguished by extraordinary genius and attainments in the most diversified pursuits. 2. Augustus, Caius Octavius Cæpeas, first Emperor of the Roman Empire. Born B. C. 63. Declared Emperor B. C. 29. Died A. D. 14. Coins represent him with Julius Cæsar, Lepidus, Agrippa, Tiberius, Julia, Caius and Julius and Germanicus. A wise and moderate ruler. 3. Tiberius, Claudius Nero Cæsar, born B. C. 42. Son-in-law of Augustus Cæsar A. D. 4. Emperor A. D. 14. Smothered by order of Cal- igula A. D. 37. His reign exhibits every variety of detestable actions. 4. Drusus, Nero Claudius, afterwards Germanicus, born B. C. 15. Cæsar A. D. 4. Poisoned A. D. 19. A noble prince, a grand general, a good and brilliant man. 5. Antonia, born B. C. 38. Wife of Drusus Senior. Poisoned by her grandson Caligula A. D. 37. Beautiful, virtuous and unfortunate. High honors were paid to her memory. 6. Drusus Cæsar, or Junior, son of Tiberius. Born B. C. 13. Poi- soned by his wife A. D. 32. Consul A. D. 15 and 21. Tribunica Potentas A. D. 22. Naturally noble but degraded by gross passions, 7. Germanicus Cæsar, son of Nero Claudius Drusus. Born B. C. 15. Cæsar A. D. 4. Poisoned A. D. 19. A great soldier, a chaste, temperate and much beloved man and Consul. 8. Agrippina, wife of Germanicus Cæsar. Born B. C. 15. Starved to death in banishment by Tiberius A. D. 33. A noble woman. 9. Caius, or Caligula, son of Germanicus and Agrippina. Born A. D. 12. Emperor A. D. 37. Killed A. D. 41. A beast in human form. 10. Claudius I, Drusus Nero Germanicus, born B. C. 10. Em- peror A. D. 41. Poisoned A. D. 54. Industrious and diligent, but a failure through want of judgment and tact. 11. Nero, originally L. Domitius Ahenobarbus Born A. D. 37. Younger son of Cnæus Domitius Anenobarbus and Agrippina. His mother afterwards married her uncle, Emperor Claudius, who adopted Nero and changed his name to Claudius Cæsar Drusus Germanicus. Emperor A. D. 54. Killed himself A. D. 68. A monster, probably the vilest character in history. 12. Galba Ser. Sulpicus, born B. C. 3. Emperor A. D. 68. Killed by his soldiers A. D. 69.¯ A man of excellent qualities, but over severe and avaricious. 149 ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. CAES στο AR யென் வெம் AY IMP M G R.F IMP. AVITE 000000 TA 13. CAPIT 14 IN GERMAN TIMP DOMIJ NI 10:MAX AEMA TIA DOF DOMI 20 JARIME PMT MONE (21) DACPM TA JAP CAES NURTRAIANOAL 16 DIVA D LWO 'AV 000000 ILLIA 15 SC 0000000 TVDAEA Sun EFCO IMP CAES AVG⋅ PM-TRE ASIAN CAES JAMES VESPAST AVG PM SALII AVG. IVI IMP TORTA MIT AVE DO 17 ГД TA 18 FERMI TR.P ΙΠΛ IN PI COS.XIIII 正 ​S D TALIAN D S OPTIMO REM PRIN CIPI 22 SAQVAC TRALANA - CASSAN DIVA 000000000 ESTA G COD AVG 23 MARC 000000000 AVGVISTA DIVA LVD SANC 19 C FEC NA 24 DR MATI A HADR IN ا هذا C.. R A I L 25 N II. S C. ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. 13. Otho. M. Salvius, born A. D. 32. Emperor A. D. 69. Being conquered by Vitellius, he killed himself the same year. A companion of Nero, he imitated all the vices of that tyrant. 14. Vitellius. Aulus, born A. D. 15. Emperor A D. 69. Killed by Vespasianus' soldiers the same year. He had a little learning, but great talent for eating, drinking, debts and debaucheries. 15. Vespasianus. T. Flavius Sabinus, bore A. D. 9. Emperor 69. Died 79. By birth of mean condition, he rose by merit as a soldier and statesman. He was frugal, temperate and amiable, but too avaricous. 16. Domitilla, Flavia, the first wife of Vespasianus. She died before her husband becaine Emperor, and the coins bearing her portrait were struck after her death. 17. Titus, Flavius Sabinius Vespasianus, born A. D. 40, son of Emperor Vespasianus and Domitilla Flavia. Emperor A. D. 79. Died A. D. 81. A brave general, a man of learning and a ruler of peculiar excellence. 18. Julia, daughter of Titus. Little record and that not good. 19. Domitianus T. Flavius Domitianus Augustus, born A. D. 52. Emperor A. D. 81. Assassinated A. D. 96. One of the most cruel tyrants that ever disgraced a throne 20. Domitia Longina, the wife of Domitianus, whose record as a woman equals her worthless husband's, whose assassins she urged on to their murderous work. 21. Nerva M. Cocceius, born A. D. 32. Emperor A. D. 96. Died A. D. 98. A noble character of strong will and great administrative power. He received the honor of deification. 22. Trajanus M. Ulpius, born A. D. 52. Nerva A. D. 97. Sole Emperor A. D. 98. most distinguished of Roman rulers. Cæsar and Emperor with Died A. D. 117. One of the 23. Plotina, Pompeia, died A. D. 129. Wife of Trajan. A woman justly honored for her extraordinary merits and high character. 24. Marciana, died A. D. 115. Sister of Trajan. Remarkable for her virtues and talents. After her death she was enrolled among the gods. 25. Matidia, daughter of Marciana. Honored in her life-time, deified after her death, which occurred in the reign of Antonius. 26. Hadrianus, P. Aelius, born A. D. 76. Adopted by Trajan and his son-in-law. Trajan adopted him A. D. 117 and he was declared Empe- ror the same year. Died A. D. 138. A good ruler and successful soldier whose virtues overbalanced many defects in his character. 27. Sabina, wife of Hadrian, honored in life and death, but unhappy in her matrimonial relations. She committed suicide about A. D. 137. 28. Ælius, adopted by Hadrian about A. D. 136, with the name of Cæsar. Died A. D. 138. 29. Antonius, Pius, in early Arrius Antonius. Born A. D. 86. peror, A. D. 138. Died A. D. 161. private and public life. life Titus Aurelius Fulvus Boionius Adopted by Hadrian and declared Em- A most exalted and wise character in ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. CONSER.D INA S AVE VIS TA CO HAD ADRIAN 27 MYCOF DEPA IZA E TOYC AMION OMMODVE M.CO . PIVS 34 SE D CONCORD NINE 28 PIVU INV STA ᏩᏙᎴ - DIVAAVE KJ 29 TIN ΟΙ C A A R SPIN STATORI A 30 PXV ARME LAC SPF CAESLA AVSTIA IMP VICT 31 NO F G C 32 ELVERVS AVG CAES P HF.L TIC IMP M DID R ILIMP MESODITY ELICAVE STA B YU 35 PEATIN LMP ST A TIP 33 COST a JA VL A AVG DIJ 36 LAN AVG AVG E 37 R P P GENT RI V E cooocooα NIGER 38 SPESC TMP S SE 39 11 1A А S AV ဆား TAE LAETIT 1A 40 TEMPORVM. ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. 30. Faustina, Senior, Annia Galeria. Born A. D. 105. Died A. D. 141. She was in every way unworthy of her great husband, but not- withstanding the utter profligacy of her life, he loaded her with honors before and after her death. 31. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, Born A. D. 121. Adopted by and son-in-law of Antonius Pius, Emperor A. D. 161. Died A. D. 180. A А wise, learned and just man. Commonly distinguished as "the Philosopher." 32. Faustina, Junior, Annia, daughter of Faustina, Senior, and as thoroughly abandoned to ill deeds as was her mother. She was married A. D. 145 or 146 to Marcus Aurelius, who either through good nature or blindness, ignored her vile acts, cherished her living and honored her after death in 175. 33. Verus, Lucius Aurelius, Born A. D. 130. Son of Elius Cæsar, son-in-law of Marcus Aurelius and associated with him in the empire A. D. 161-169. His original name was L. Ceionius Commodus. Died by poison, A. D. 169. During his life he shared the honors worthily of Marcus Au- relius. 34. Commodus, L. Aurelius. Born A. D. 161, son of Marcus Aure- lius and Faustina, Jr. Named Cæsar A. D. 166. Associated in empire A. D. 176. Named Augustus 177, sole emperor 180. Died from strangulation and poison 192. A miserable man and ruler, cruel, corrupt and dissolute. 35. Crispina, wife of Commodus, unfaithful, divorced, banished to Capreae and put to death. 36. Pertinax, Helvius. Born A. D. 126, Emperor A. D. 193. Assas- sinated after a reign of 87 days in consequence of his firmness in insisting upon reforms in the army and State. 37. Julianus, M Didius Salvius, afterwards M. Didius Commo- dus Severus Julianus. Born A. D. 133. Declared Emperor A. D. 198. Assas- inated after reigning 66 days. A good soldier, but unscrupulous and am- bitious. He bought the supreme power by promises of money to the soldiers. 38. Clara, Didia, daughter of Julianus. Born A. D. 153; only known through her effigy, or rare occasional coins. 39. Niger, C. Pescennius. Declared Emperor by the army in Syria, A. D. 193. A good soldier, no statesman, he could not secure the power; was put to death as a rebel A. D. 194. 40. Severus, L. Septimus. Born A. D. 146, Emperor 193. Master of the whole Empire 197; died 211. An admirable general and reformer, but cold and ungenerous. 41. Domna, Julia, wife of Septimus Severus. A woman of powerful intellect and vast ambition. Starved herself to death A. D. 217, upon loss of power. 42. Albinus, Clodius, or Decimus Clodius Ceionius Septimus. Born in Africa; named Cæsar by Septimus Severus A. D. 193, rebelled and took title of Emperor of Britain and Gaul 196; defeated and killed by Septimus Severus 197. A great general and man of some learning. ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. A 41 MAT ER ANTONINYS 1MP PI T E T A ΙΠ EPT ALB DCL ONI ΠΑΝΙ VICT 42 II AVG AVP. AVI PA VITAL OSII ∙ANTO NIN I 48 DIAAB I A A CONCOR M A E S 49 TERN V A E I 1 C I 50 T F MI கண் S VMEN 100000000 DIA D I N T 0000 MOP CAE 47 ALL AVG 54 ORBIA 00000000 BARRIA AVG 0006,0000 AVG CRINYS 0000 опостохаст TAE RIVSAVE 000000 ALE. ထပ LANDE 52 AV VG ND MA I A MA AVG ဝဝဝဝ 51 45 IMP CAL P GETA OC I. ONT PSEPT EEBARTH. S S CAL PSER 41. AE ETA pooonn VG 43 A ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. $ 1 43. Caracalla or Caracallus, also Bassianus, and when adopted by Severus, called M. Aurelius Antoninus which last name he retained ever after. Born A. D. 188. Named Cæsar 196; Augustus 198; Emperor with his brother Geta 211; sole Emperor 212. Assassinated 217. A bold, bad man whose life is stained with all crimes. 44. Plautilla, Fulvia. Married to Caracalla A. D. 202; soon banished, left destitute and finally murdered by order of her husband. 45. Geta, L or P. Septimus. Born A. D. 189. Brother of Caracalla. Named Cæsar 198; Augustus 209. Emperor with Caracalla 211 and assas- sinated by him, while in the arms of his mother, A. D. 212. A far better character than his murderer though with many vices, 46. Macrinus M. Opelius (or Opilius) Macrinus. Born A. D. 164. Proclaimed Emperor 218. Killed 219. A haughty, blood-thirsty, inhumanly cruel coward. He was the instigator of the murder of Caracalla. 47. Diadumenianus or Diadumenus M. Opelius, son of Mac- rinus. Born A. D, 208. Named Cæsar and Augustus 217. Killed 218. Celebrated for his remarkable beauty. 48. Elagabalus, originally called Varius Avitus Bassianus, and after- wards Marcus Aurelius Antonius, Born A. D. 205; declared Em- peror 218. Killed 222. A glutton and all that was bestial, his name has passed into a proverb. 49. Paula, Julia Cornelia. Married to Elagabalus A. D. 219, di- vorced the next year. Died in private life. 50. Maesa, Julia, grandmother of Elagabalus and Alexander Severus. One of the most able and strong minded women of history; ambitious and unscrupulous but wise and polite. 51. Julia Soaemias, mother of Elagabalus. Killed A. D. 222. She was the first woman who took a place in the Roman Senate. Her life was not pure and her body was subjected to every indignity after death. 52. Mamaea, Julia, mother of Alexander Severus. A woman of strong character, devoted to her son. Her advice caused the revolt in the army, A. D. 235, in which both mother and son were killed. 53. Severus, M. Aurelius Alexander, usually called Alexander Severus. Born A. D. 205. Killed 235. A brave soldier, a pure, just man, but too much under control of his mother. 54. Orbiana, Sallustia Barbia, one of the three wives of Alex- ander Severus. Known only through effigies on coins. 55. Maximinus I., C. Julius, Verus. Born A. D. 173, of low parentage. Of immense strength and gigantic stature, (over 8 feet). He became conspicuous in the army and rose to be Emperor A. D. 235. He was assassinated with his son, 238. A brute in every respect. 56. Maximus Caesar, C. Julius Verus, son of Maximinus, shared in a lesser degree, the honors gained by his father, and was murdered with him A. D. 238. A promising young man. 57. Gordianus I, M Antonius, surnamed Africanus. Born A. D. 158. Proclaimed Emperor in Africa 238, and was acknowledged by the Senate, but unable to quell a revolt, he killed himself after a reign of about forty days. ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. IMEC CORD IMP CAES IMP JANINTE M. V... AN TAM 1 ∙AVEGERY. ICTORI 55 ENIFEY 56 NYCAERN. RD GER MANICA TIXY C.MIVI M. Y LAT NK YI AINACE! CHILIP PPVU 62 A M MANIC IMP. MANT ABSM IMP SDCALL ANYS ALBIA ANG FEL 60 FRAVE DIANVS OR DIA AVG PIENVE 59 A A AFR 58 57 R S C TI Ε΄ HER ETRME HER L´S E PFAVG 63 ERA I ΙΙ T хохоосоо ว VI Mo T RALIA LALITH ΦΙΛΙ ΠΟΙ DF SAID AP AVG SCILL 66 LA DECID 67 AV G KAI comox 65 64 MH MI. A NIKO I T Ꭺ I A OL S TX N IM T G LNESKO; AI I N ΙΩ 89 ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. 58. Gordianus Africanus II, eldest son of G. A. I. Born A. D. 192. Associated with his father in the purple and perished in battle against the rebels on the same day. Both father and son bear noble characters in history. 59. Pupienus Maximus, Marcus Clodius. Born A. D. 164. Made Emperor with Balbinus 238. Killed three months after. 60. Balbinus, Decimus Ca-lius. Born A. D. 178. Associate Em- peror with Pupienus. 238. An excellent combination of an able general and sagacious statesman. He and his brother ruler perished by assassination three months after their elevation to supreme power. 61. Gordianus III, M. Antonius, grandson of G. A. I. Born A. D. 222. Proclaimed Augustus 238. Assassinated 244. An amiable young man, deservedly well beloved. 62. Tranquillina, Sabnia, or Sabnia, Furia, wife of Gordianus III and daughter of Misitheus. No record. 63. Philippus I., M. Julius. Born A. D. 204. Emperor 214. Killed 249. A successful warrior and ruler. By some authors, claimed to have been a Christian. 64. Otacilia Severa, Marcia, wife of Philippus I. Believed by many ancient writers to have been a Christian. 65. Philippus II., M. Julius. Born A. D. 237. Cæsar 244. Asso- ciated with his father as Augustus, 247, and killed with him when but twelve years of age. 67. Decius, C. Messius Quintus Trajanus Decius. Born A. D. 201. Emperor 249; drowned in a bog, 251. He accepted the purple from the army under threats of death if he refused. 67. Etruscilla, Herennia, wife of Decius. coins. Known only from her 68. Etruscus, Herennius, son of Decius. Named Cæsar A. D. 249. Augustus 251. Killed in battle the same year. 69. Hostilianus, son, son-in-law or nephew of Decius [authorities dif- fer.] Associated in the purple with Trebonianus Gallus, A. D. 251. Reported to have died the same year and also to have reigned two years. 70. Gallus, Trebonianus, C. Vibius. Joint ruler with Hostilianus. Killed with his son, by his soldiers, A. D. 253. 71. Volusianus, son of Gallus. 252. Killed with his father. Named Cæsar A. D. 251. Augustus 72. Aemilianus, Aemilius. Born A. D. 208. Proclaimed Emperor in Mæsia, 253. Killed by his soldiers 254. 73. Valerianus, P. Licinius. Born A. D. 190. Emperor 253. A great soldier, called upon to rule on account of his high merit. He was captured by the Persians 260, and died in captivity from cruel treatment, 263. After death his skin was stuffed and preserved as a trophy by his enemies. 74. Mariniana; wife, sister or daughter of Valerianus. Known only by her coins. 75. Gallienus, P. Licinius Valerianus Egnatius; son of ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. HOSTI MES CVALENT QVINTY AVG PRO చ ၁၀၀၀၀၀၀ 200 REB GALIVS. IA 69 ว MAR VLVM MP 20000000000000 CVIB CAES AVG SATON IMP A E 70 N AISATION URIAN 76 OR LICY A R.NEL M M A R INONA STAN AVG TI 71 P P)) IMP.C GERANO 77 Ε I D'IVO TVM CPONT HEAR VAS NU 78 TATE-SVAAT AR MILLAN IMP P.LICY IMP.C DIVAL AVG ALERIAN PE TAVE! 72 73 RINIANAE E N 74 RTI M SE TOH CR A 75 A VICTO IMP 020000 W TETR AVG RIV G 82 80 81 79 T NOT ТА I H R I R RBLU G G T ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. A Valerianus by his first wife. Emperor with his father A. D. 253. Assassi- nated 268. Ă contemptible character. It was during this reign that the many generals declared themselves Emperors, and these are designated as The Thirty Tyrants. 76. Salonia, Cornelia, Augusta, wife of Gallienus, mother of Sa- loninus. 77. Valerianus, Junior, half brother of Gallienus, and a happy opposite in character. Assassinated A. D. 268. 78. Saloninus, P. Licinius Cornelius, son of Gallienus. A. D. 242. Cæsar 253. Put to death 259. Born 79. Pcstumus, M. Cassianus Latinius. One of The Thirty Tyrants. Rebelled against Gallienus, and proclaimed himself Emperor in Gaul A. D. 258. He was a strict but just ruler while he reigned. Killed 267. 80. Victorinus, M. Pravvonius. One of the Thirty Tyrants, was associated with Postumus in the purple. A superior general and statesman, but a slave to his passions. Assassinated A. D. 267. 81. Marius, M. Aurelius. Emperor in Gaul, A. D. 267. The fourth of the Thirty Tyrants who ruled Gaul. His reign lasting for forty-eight hours, when he was assassinated. His coins must have been minted before he assumed power. 82. Tetricus, C. Pesuvius. The last of the Thirty Tyrants who governed in Gaul, where he was proclaimed Emperor, A. D. 267. He restored the provinces to Aurelian in 273, by betraying his army in battle to that ruler, and soon after retiring to private life he died at a very advanced age. 83. Tetricus, C. Pesuvius Pivesus. Proclaimed Cæsar while a child; son and successor of C. Pesuvius Tetricus, one of the Thirty Tyrants, who ruled from A. D. 267, until conquered by Aurelian, about A. D. 274. 84. Macrianus, Senior. One of the Thirty Tyrants. A brave sol- dier, defeated and killed in battle by Aureolus, Å. D. 262. 85. Macrianus, Junior, son of the preceding. Flourished during the latter years of his father, shared his power and met with the same fate 86. Claudius II, M. Aurelius Claudius, Gothicus. Born A.D. 214. Emperor A. D. 268. Died 270. A great warrior, a wise ruler. He endeavored to re-establish honest coinage and issued money of copper, plated or silvered over. 87. Quintillus, M. Aurelius. Emperor A. D. 270, reigned but a few weeks, when, deserted by his soldiers he killed himself. He bears a high character in history. 88. Aurelianus, Valerius, or L. Domititus. Born A. D. 270. Emperor A. D. 270. Treacherously killed A. D. 275. A victorious soldier and able ruler, the history of his reign is most brilliant. 89. Severina, Ulpia, wife of Aurelianus, seems to have been worthy her great spouse. Medals and coins were struck in her honor, and prove that she survived her husband. 90. Vabalathus, Athenodorus, son of Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra. He was made Emperor in Syria A. D. 266, and captured by Aurelian 273. Certain of his coins bear the face of Aurelian on the obverse. ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. ! SV TETR AYT CV S CAES JGOCODDI MARPLA IN E K.A A.YP PHAIA. OYABAAAA TACIT 90 MECMOE CMCL VS ! AOHNOY. MA LOYAL WIAC CIF TAT MA IMP-CM ·ECEB 84 ENTIAL NVTFAVO 85 IN N FI MP ALDA 91 I A000000 92 E Τ 1 A XXIZ E M ၁၀၁၀၁၀ ဝင်လာ 0000 86 MALT CM 93 COIN R QVIN MP I i ha ELIANVI 87 R AVA JAIME SEVE N A 88 T 89 DEN IMP တာလ IMP-CAL AVG A 94 K A 01 95 KA Z AN IMP G IMP CNVMET 96 ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. 91. Tacitus, M. Claudius. Emperor from Sept. A. D. 275 to April 276. A wise ruler, not ambitious of military glory, but a promoter of all peaceful arts. 92. Florianus, M Annius. Born A. D. 232. Half-brother of Ta- citus, at whose death he assumed supreme power, ruling from April to June or July 267, when he was killed either by the revolting soldiers or his own hand. 93. Probus, M, Aurelius. Born A. D. 232. Son of. Maximus. Em- peror from 276 to 282, when murdered. His whole reign was a series of most brilliant achievements in peace and war. 94. Carus, M. Aurelius. Born A. D. 230. Successor to Probus. Reported killed by lightning 283, but probably murdered. More success- ful in war than peace. Some coins represent him with Carinus his son. 95. Carinus M. Aurelias, eldest son of Carus. Born A. D. 249. Em- peror 283. Killed 284. Successful in war, a cruel, profligate and wasteful ruler, who married and repudiated nine wives. 96. Numerianus, M. Aurelias, brother of Carinus. Born A. D. 254. Cæsar 282. Augustus 283. Died 284. His father-in-law, Arrius Aper, was killed on suspicion of murdering him. A wise and much beloved ruler 97. Diocletianus, Valerius. Born A. D. 245. Emperor 284. Adopted Galerius 292; abdicated 305. Died 313. Of most obscure parentage, he rose by merit, and well deserved all the honors he gained. But he terribly perse- cuted the Christians. 98. Maximianus II. Hercules. Born A. D. 250. The son of a shepherd. Associated in the Empire with Diocletian in 286; abdicated 305; retook the Empire, 306; abdicated again 308; proclaimed himself Emperor once more, 309; strangled himself, 310. A distinguished general and bad man, a relentless persecutor of the Christians. 99. Carausius, M. Aurelius Valerius. Emperor in England A. D. 287. Assassinated 293. A remarkable man, who rose from most low- ly beginnings. He forced his powerful enemies to become his allies, and in all acts showed the greatest vigor and prudence. 100. Allectus. Emperor in England A. D. 293, by his murder of Ca- rausius. Killed 296. A vile character. 101. Julianus, Marcus Aurelianus. Governor of Venitia in Italy. Usurped the Imperial power A. D. 284, was conquered and killed 285. 102. ConstantiusI. surnamed Chlorus, Flavius Valerius. Born A. D. 250. Emperor 305 with Galerius, the former being placed over Gaul, Britain and Spain. He was a wise and just ruler and treated Pagans and Christians with impartiality and toleration. Died 306. 103. Helena, Flavia Julia Born about A. D. 248. Wife of Con- stantius I, and mother of Constantinus the Great. She was divorced through State Policy. A noble lady and true Christian, she died in 328, and honors were showered upon her memory. 104. Theodora, Flavia Maximiana, second wife of Constantinus. Chlorus, for whom he repudiated Helena. 105. Maximianus II, Galerius Valerius. Adopted and named Cæsar by Dioceletian, A. D. 292. Augustus and Emperor 305. Died 311. ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. 1. IVA M V IMP TAI SP FAVG ΙΛΟ 1: RA 97 PR ၁ဝဝဝဝ SI V S ARAY MP I M ALL HE 98 EC IMP P F AVG TVS. VICT THEO R D LA DORA A $ PIET MAXIMIANY 104 M 99 VM I LIA N 100 IMP C AL.CONSTAN LENA VG BER 101 TIVS NOB. CAES A GALVA ILIJ A A ORD: I. NOBCAES VTI 105 ERIAA SEVERY CALVA. MI 102 ALE A & SECT 103 RO MA NA MILI TV M SMNT VENER 106 NO B MAXIMI GAL VAL· T VM BEL.PV MAX ว MP A E AF SAR E ICIN CONS HERC YX 107 P S.NO GN 'S CAE VR TAI LO ENIO C GG ESSNN 108 PL AVG I' ROMAN I 109 H 2 R BIC S N E 110 RB IVAS CT KAS A ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. 106. Galeria, Valeria, daughter of Diocelitian, second wife of Max- imianus II. She and her mother were beheaded by order of Licinius, A. D. 315. 107. Severus, Flavius, Valerius. Named Cæsar by Maximianus Hercules, A. D. 305; Augustus and Emperor 306. Compelled to put an end to himself A. D. 307. 108. Maximinus, Galerius Valerius. Original name Daza, neph- ew of Galerius. Named Cæsar A. D. 305; assumed the title of Emperor 308. Died of despair or poison 313. A violent, undeserving and ungrateful man. 109. Maxentius, M. Aurelius, son-in-law of Galerius. Emperor A. D. 306. Drowned in the Tiber 312. A monster of rapacity, cruelty and all other vices. 110. Urbica, Magnia. Only known by her coins. By some supposed to be the wife of Maxentius, by others, assigned to Carus, and by others to Carinus. The coin is pronounced by certain authorities to be a forgery. 111. Romulus, son of Maxentius. Born about A. D. 306; named Cæsar 307; Augustus soon after. Died while a boy. 112. Nigrinianus. A Roman Cæsar or Augustus. Known only by his coins. It has been conjectured by some that he was the son of Alex- ander, a ursurper of Africa A. D. 311, by others that he was the son of Carus. 113. Licinius; Publius Flavius Galerius Valerius Licini- anus. Born A. D. 263, of peasant parents. Gained friends and rank in the army; married the daughter of Constantius Chlorus. Named Cæsar and Augustus and Emperor with Galerius Maximianus 307. Prisoner of his brother-in-law Constantine, and strangled 323. A cold blooded tyrant. 114. Constantinus I., Flavius Valerius Aurelius, surnamed Magnus, or "The Great." Born A. D. 274. Son of Constantius Chlorus and Helena, son-in-law of Maximanus Hercules. Proclaimed Cæsar and Augustus in Britain 306, and Augustus by Maximanus 308. In 311 he embraced the Christian religion. Became sole Emperor 323. Quitted Rome in 330, for Byzantium, which he named Constantinople. Died 337. 115. Fausta, Flavia Maximiana. Married to Constantine I. A. D. 307. Caused the death of her step-son, and some historians say, was smoth- ered to death in a warm bath by her husband's order, 326. 116. 117. Licinius, Junior, Flavius Valerius Licinianus, son of Licinius I. Born A. D. 315. Made Cæsar 317. Stripped of all honors and put to death 326. 118. Crispus, Flavius Julius, son of Constantine I. Born about A. D. 300. Named Cæsar 317. Gained glory in battle. Put to death by his father, at the instigation of his step-mother 326. 119. Delmatius, Flavius Julius, nephew of Constantine I. Named Cæsar A. D. 335. Killed 337. 120. Constantinus II., Flavius Claudius, surnamed The Younger, son of Constantine I. Born A. D. 312. Named Cæsar 316. Ruler of Gaul, Spain and England 335. Emperor and Augustus 337. De- feated and killed in battle 340. ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. PATL DIVO LMPI A I NI ROMY ERNA AE T MEM RIAE 111. MOSTT E CR RI IN LLC IMP A. NO ů 112 KA A PTIMO. NIVU CONSTANTER IMP MA X FA EL CRIS PVS TI ELMA PRI & IN V D CIPI: 113 TARL GENTIVE MAX AVG OR. CAE TRAN BLATA 118 OB TAN ว CON BARI ARRARAR 114 GOT HIA TR VST A RE I SPES RO 2115 M IVN LICINI PVBL A E 116 TRS. NO CA ES IRTVS. 117 CON VOT X X QVI R "Ο TIS X X PLC EX 119 SMISE E IVÄY Soooooooo MAGN CAES IMP ON IRTH Ꭲ Ꮴ 120 CONS 5 T TANS ECENTI EXERCIT STR TFAV Gr R LATIO 121 T LI ENTIVS RA AVG NOB 122 NOKANORVM T V MVLT Χ AVG CAE 123 SP RELC CTO P F NIO P ON SIGN 124 OH ERIS ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. 121. Constans I., Flavius Julius, youngest son of Constantine I. Born A. D. 320. Named Cæsar 333. Emperor 340. Killed by revolting soldiers 350. An indolent, weak and profligate man. 122. Magnentius, Flavius Popilius. Born about A. D. 303. Revolted against Constans I. Proclaimed Emperor 350. Killed him- self 353. 123, Decentius, brother or cousin of Magnentius. Named Cæsar A. D. 351. Strangled himself 353. 124. Vetranio. An old General. Proclaimed himself Emperor A. D. 350; abdicated in ten months. Died 356. 125. Constantius II., Flavius Julius, third son of Constantine I. Born A. D. 317. Created Consul 324. Emperor 350. Died 361. An artful tyrant. 126. Julianus, Flavius Claudius, surnamed "The Apostate." Born A. D. 331. Son of Julius Constantius. Named Cæsar 355. Sole Em- peror 361. Killed in battle 363. In talents, principles and deeds, an ex- traordinary man. 127. Jovianus Flavius Claudius. Born A. D. 331. Emperor 363. Died 364. Professed himself a Christian and put that religion on a legal basis. 128. Valentinianus I. Born A. D. 321. Emperor 364. Died 375. He maintained the Catholic faith and forbade all.Pagan ceremonials under penalty of death. 129. Valens, brother of Valentinianus I. Born about A. D. 328. Em- peror of the East 364. Persecuted the Catholics, and was himself burned to death by Barbarians 378. 130. Gratianus, Aug., son of Valentinianus I. Born A. D. 359; made Consul 366; Augustus 367; Emperor 375. Killed 383. A pious, chaste and temperate man, but wanting in firmness. 131. Maximus, Magnus Clemens. Assumed the name of Augus- tus in Britain A. D. 383; acknowledged Emperor, seized upon Italy 387. Captured and decapitated 388. 132. Victor, Flavius, son of Maximus Magnus. Named Augustus A. D. 383. Put to death 388. 133. Valentinianus II., or Junior, son of Valentinianus I. Born A. D. 371. Named Augustus and associated in the Empire 375. Emperor of all the West 383. Assassinated 392. 134. Theodosius I., surnamed "The Great." Born A. D. 346. Named Augustus and associated in the Empire by Gratian in 379, his division being the Eastern. Died 395. 135. Flacilla, Aelia, first wife of Theodosius I. Died A. D. 385. 136. Eugenius. Proclaimed Augustus at Vienna A. D. 392. Put to death two years later by order of Theodosius. 137. Arcadius, son of Theodosius I. Born A. D. 377. Named Cæsar 383. Emperor of the East 395. Died 408. A thoroughly incompetent and weak ruler. ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. TV ONE LIVICONSTA JOVIAN NO RO SPERPAVG/ VIC MANO RVM 125 S MANT EXER FAVG SAN VIRTVS CITYS 126 STRM VEPI AY G™ INTLN VALEN DAY VALLE DN VI 127 ANVS FAVG LAN DOOQUDOI NO00000000.00 N TINIANY DN ROMANI ROMANOR ANT YM DN F AVG R T V IVI IPVE LICAE AVG [28 CONSP P JY V G MAXI MAG DN OR 129 00000000.0.0.0.0.0.0.5 AQOB F RO I A 00000 MAN 132 MDPS RO TAVG LORIA RVM O MA 133 TROBI SAL AVG 07 N RVM 2000.000 DIA CONDB 134 CIL LA GENI MAN GAV M 130 TRPS 000 T10 "MVS% 131 ARCADI REI SALVS PVE BLI 135 CONA A VG R. P 136 VS P BEL EVDO AE LV GF S KD 7 CONCO Ο M 137 CQNOB JALVA RET AVGGO PVBLIC 138 GNOB ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. 138. Eudoxia, Ælia, wife of Arcadius. Died A. D. 404 or 406. A woman of high spirit and possessed of great influence over her hus- band. 139. Honorius, Flavius Augustus, second son of Theodosius The Great. Born A. D. 384. Named Augustus 393. Emperor of the West 395. Died 423. A weak ruler, his was a disastrous reign. 140. Constaninus III., The Tyrant. Augustus in England and Gaul A. D. 407. Taken prisoner and put to death 411. 141. Attalus, Priscus. Made Emperor by Alaric at Rome, A. D. 409. Deprived of his title and resumed it in Gaul 410. Died in banishment on the island of Lipari. 142. Jovinus, a Gaulish Captain. Proclaimed Emperor at Mayence A. D, 411. Defeated by Adolphus, the Gothic King, and beheaded 413. 143. Theodosius II., only son of Arcadius. Born A. D. 401. Named Augustus 402. Emperor of the East 408. Died 450. In 438, was pub- lished the celebrated Codex Theodosianus. He was a weak ruler and his kingdom was managed by others. 144. Johannes. Born about A. D. 380. Usurped the purple 423. Conquered and killed 425. 145. Placidia, Galla, wife of Constantinus III. Died at Rome A. D. 450. 146. Valentinianus Placidius. Assassinated 455. Born A. D. 419. Emperor 425. 147. Marcianus, brother-in-law of Theodosius II. Born A. D. 391. Emperor of the East 450. Died 457. 148. Leo I., Flavius, surnamed The Great and The Thracian. Born about A. D. 400, in Thrace. Emperor of the East 457. Died 474. Distinguished by remarkable talents and high moral qualities. 149. Maximus, Petronis (Anicius). Born A. D. 395. Assumed the purple 455. Murdered after a reign of about three months. 150. Severus, Libius. Proclaimed Emperor of the West at Ravenna, A. D. 461. Died 465. 151. Anthemius, Procopius, son-in-law of Marcianus. Emperor of the West A. D. 467. Killed 473. 152. Glycerius. Emperor A. D. 473. Dethroned by Julius Nepos 474, and became Bishop of Salona. Died 480. 153. Nepos, Julius. The last Emperor but one of the Western Empire. Created Emperor A. D. 474. Was deposed by Orestes and killed 480. 154. Leo, Junior. Born A. D. 459, succeeded Leo I. as Emperor of the East, 474. Died after a reign of six months. 155. Zeno or Zenon, original name Trascalisseus. Born A. D. 426. Son-in-law of Leo I., father of Leo II., and associated with the latter in the Eastern Empire 474. Abdicated 476; regained sovereignty 477. Died 491. ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. ! NORI DN ၁ဝ VS P NSTAN MONCH DN 139 TINV ATTA 1 2. IN PEAVE. ORI VICT 140 LVS HAN Να PF F AVG KONO NVICTA IN R xx AVG. 141 SIFAL 6 142 SIVS PLA TF VG 000000 oo MA CONOB ၁၀၀၀၀၀၀ ODOST 143 NIO 5 P кост R. 3) R NA ALEN ON⋅PLA SMARCIA DN LEOPER DN E AVG 144 COMOB CIDIA PF AVG 145 AVG ALENTINE 146 20000000 N SAINO G FF AVG 0 VIC 147 PETVE MA ᏚᎪ LIE 00000000 ANVS PFAK A A CONOB LOPF Να 148 XIME'S SEV ช RPE T AVG R M VIC 149 20000 DRVS P F AVG ORI ICT COMOR R A 150 COMOB EIP D 0000000000 MIVS MVLT COMOB XXX ANTH Να YCE DN GL ՀՈՒԱ 折 ​PPAPG R ALV 151 IV.S.P LICAE ococunnooooond ОСЯ COMOB V 152 COMOB ANCIENT ROMAN COINS. ONLLOET POS PFAVG EN NO PP A 153 000000 154 R VICTO IVL N DN REI PVBLJ EN D BAS ILIS DN CONO B Published by A. M. SMITH, Post Office Box 754. PHILADELPHIA,PA, U.S. A. 157 P RP VG CVS MV.LV D-N-R TF 155 156 Sa LENO DN TIC CONOB AVGVSTV PFAVS LE obong A "AV GB 500000000 CONOB 156. Basiliscus, brother-in-law of Leo I. A. D. 476, he drove Zeno from the throne and declared himself Emperor of the East. Zeno, next year conquered and captured him, and with his family he was imprisoned in Cappadocia, and all were starved to death. 157. Augustulus, Romulus. The last Roman Emperor of the West. Son of Orestes, who proclaimed him Emperor A. D. 475, after driving out Julius Nepos. Orestes was the actual ruler until he was defeated and killed by Odoacer. Augustulus Romulus, on account of his youth, beauty and innocence, was spared, but exiled to Campania. His ultimate fate is unknown. REL aur. 170 JEWISH COINS. N W TW SW ཡང་ WILIK 5 6 M 5 تحان درمان Wa 8 TR امرد The Jewish people possessed no positive coinage until the time of their sub- jection to the Kings of Syria, of the Seleucidan dynasty, about B. C. 312, when Greek currency, established throughout the East since the Macedonian conquest, circulated also in Judea, until the tyranny of Antiochus Epiphanes, in B. C. 176, caused the revolt of Mattathias, the chief priest, when his son Judas Maccabeus, heading the revolt, eventually re-established the long lost independence of Judea, and to his successor, Simon, was conceded by Antiochus, the son of Demetrius, the right of coining national money, the earliest of which was issued about B. C. 144, in pieces of one, two, and four silver shekels, bearing different types, all relating to the ceremonial of Judaic worship. 1. SHEKEL of Simon Maccabous. Obverse, a cup or chalice; legend, "Shekel of Israel, year 2; Reverse, a triple. lily; legend, "Jerusalem the holy.' B. C. 144. 2. HALF-SHEKEL of Simon Maccabous. Obverse, similar to No. 1: legend, Half-Shekel, year 2;" Reverse, same as No. 1. 3. Copper coin of Simon Maccabous. Obverse, two bunches of thickly-leaved branches; legend, "In the fourth year-one_half," Reverse, Palm tree between two baskets of dates, etc.; legend, "The redemption of Zion.' 4. Copper coin of Simon Maccabœus. Obverse, two bundles of branches; legend, "In the fourth year—one quarter;" Reverse, an ethrog; legend, same as on No. 3. 5. A SIXTH OF A SHEKEL, copper, of Simon Maccabous. Obverse, a cup or chalice; legend, “The redemption of Zion," Reverse, a bundle of branches be- tween two ethrogs; legend, "In the fourth year." 6. Copper coin of Simon, son of Gioras, under the first revolt of the Jews. Obverse, cluster of grapes, with the name “ Simon,” above; Reverse, a pitcher and palm branch; legend, "Second year of the deliverance of Israel." 66 7. Copper coin of Simon. Obverse, the legend, Simon, Prince of Israel,” on either side of a palm tree; Reverse, the legend, "First year of the redemption of Israel," around a vine-leaf. 8. Silver coin of Simon Bar-cochab during the second revolt of the Jews. Ob- verse, legend, "Simon," round a cluster of grapes: Reverse, “The Deliverance of Jerusalem," around two trumpets. The coin was originally a denarius of Trajan, which has been re-struck. WIDOW'S MITE. MEDIEVAL COINS. EOD HAT 1 3 2 3 BAD TI MA RCI SILSCVS•P·F•A [ ILLA. RE •N.B NVSP AV {PERASPISEWET-BAXILISCH Sy XOEA CHYYICTOICXYTT QYONI YKPBHCE ZIALPAT IIMAC:"KALÇA€YOEP TCE TON ALIAN DAÇTIPA kad Di • a a N 5 CONS LAYER Oh∙BASIL D•N•LE AST ANA No ΕΩΡΗ TAV SIVS ONIC LEYC KAL 7 11 KAINOMO NIKITE THCA ATTONI( MIC INEVIMINALINVIR TUMTYYMIEK ACIKU ST BAC 1 A F 1+ ROS YnICTO TENER ACNOCTPACMILITAIR IN GENTIBVS XAHLS S OB CAE VRI 12 COB NTI તા I 心 ​* S⋅P·P JILN BAS I RI AVG 13 CONSTAN EI:C LN L 15 IC 16 WIJOFIL AVGV FRERPET " CIVS P TRIVMPER FAMAI FIC 17 VS YO TH YT TIVS PE AV 18 FLIC CONSTAN ACKA 'FL·COSTAZIN 45 IN NORBL CAESS ONIGYS E MEDIEVAL COINS. BELLA SA REGIN OLVS.V. OMEST DANIAE XDY 20 BOM 21 NSYS X ANTIRT LMVS 19 ROMANOK •REGI•BOH WENCES 23 ·SA ANOR น A¹REG⋅HYN•OTHONIS.UX R FIL CATARI RYDO SABETHA CHRISTIERNI 84 OMNIA HALDERTIOFIME ALBER IVNA · ERTLI RO ROM.YXOR AYT W ORYM IMP YDOLPHYS.REM•HAB 21. 25 G•NGALONCAROLI•VX. ૭૭¥•wa CLEMENT K-PATWP.POMATO 28 OPVS CTO PESANDPIC ALBERTY SKEXOROM.ET GERI 29 1 S.REX DOLLLM VIII FILALBERTI.I. (OXOROG FIWANN H·C• RA CIA ISAPIENS.DVY: AVSTALB REG.FIL 86 PIVS FELIX •ALEXFLORET⋅ OCT PAR DVC 37 CARV IMP-FI STI COMMITTOM VERSA •MARIA. TOBAN 81 NA.HYNG EST·IN. 32 ΕΡΓΟΝ ΤΟΥ ΠΟΝΟΥ Ζ ΙΛΕ HEMI/ •BOH.Z LYDOV. BCHRICKVI R-PHIL 35 IMP• FILIVS DEYS. GEORG 33 AU RCHID-A S.AR OCIA FECIT REG-HISP- ··REGIN·IOANNI-VXOR· CA RTVG.RE LA LAC 38 HARIMAS ROLI: V-IMPFI STR-FRIDERIC FILIt ES-CAR ¡MP•CALS-C MEDIEVAL COINS. ISAB ARBA REG•FORTY•IOANN•I! CA •III• VX-PHILIP "REG POLON-SIGISM·AV LISA BETT $9 PVRCHE MIAD OMBRE • VG.REX IMP FILIA AVGVS. T•ISTVD·LT.EST·MIRABILE·IN· O 41 VX•FE 43 X• AVSTR°DVX9BVRG • CARIA ARCHID AROLVS: CAR ALPHONSEE TIR CA RNI 45 IDACES FORT NIA SMULSO VNA IVVAT ANIT S. INDVS.A RCHID. A FE ERDIN. JOANNA MAG DVCISCA LAUFE FOR AV GREX IMIL HETRVIÆ:/ QER:HV 46 R.CARS 44 ANS HIS 40 CHRISTO 42 RESISTENT INTA GIN. FRANC CAR COLI.IX.V MAX. 47 VOLENTES. IMP SLAVSARCHAVST•DVX・BVR: 48 DOMINY OR-FORTV VDOLPHVSIPPIVS:TELIX-A 49 VST- IDAVS 161.5. MATIAS.D.G FADSI LUWHOW ONAHONIKO DAY WAS YOJ 50 MALVA FIRM COELITVS NANOTA OME BIT. DVCE. FIRMATA REVIVISCO DEBIT ROVIS MEDIEVAL COINS. No. 1. THEODOHATUS: King of the Goths in Italy, A. D. 540. Kilied, 536. No. 2. BADUILLA, called by the Greeks To- TILLA; King of the Goths in Italy A. D. 541. Killed in battle with Narses, 552. No. 3. BASILISCUS, see Emperors of the East. No. 156. No. 4. MARCIANUS, see Emperors of the East. No. 147. No. 5. LEO IV., CHAZARUS; born at Constan- tinople A. D. 750. Of the Isaurian dynasty. De- clared Emperer 751; died 780. No. 6. HERACLIUS I. Born about A. D. 575. His extraordinary reign marks the last epoch of ancient Roman grandeur. Emperor of the East, 610; died 641. No. 7. ANASTASIUS I. Born A. D. 430. Em- peror of Constantinople A. D. 491. Killed by thunder 518. Emperor No. 8. JUSTINUS I. Born A. D. 450. of the East, 518; died 527. No. 9. MAURICIUS, FLAVIUS TIBERIUS. Born about A. D. 539. One of the greatest emperors of Constantinople, reigned from 582 to 620, when, with all his family, he was murdered by Phocas. No. 10. TIBERIUS, named Cæsar, with his brother Heraclius, A. D. 659. Associated in the Empire with their brother Pogonatus 668. Killed, 674. No. 11. MICHAEL II., Emperor A. D. 820. 829. Died As- No. 12. MICHAEL III, Emperor A. D. 842. sassinated 867; the reverse shows Michael and his son Constantinus. No. 13. LEO III., Emperor A. D. 717. Died 741; and his son Constantinus V. No. 14. Nicephorus, Emperor A. D. 742. Died. 743. No. 15. ISAACIUS I., surnamed COMMENUS; Emperor A. D. 1057; abdicated 1059; died 1061. No. 16. THEODORUS I., Emperor A. D. 1204. Died 1222. No. 17. THEODORUS III., Emperor 1255. Died 1259. No. 18. CONSTANTINUS and Adronicus, A. D. 1067. No. 19. WILLIAM, A. D. 1255. Holland. No. 20. RICHARD, A. D. 1263. England. No. 21. ALPHONSUS X. Germany and Italy or Spain? No. 22. CESAR RUDOLPHUS, A. D. 1291. Swit- zerland. No. 23. GUTHA (uxor?) vxor. Bohemia. No. 24. CATHARINA vxor. Hungary. No. 25. CLEMENTINE Uxor. and Sicily. No. 26. CAESAR ALBERTUS. Germany, Aus- tria, etc. No. 27. ELIZABETH, wife of Albertus. Austria. No. 28. JOANNES VI., 1856. Patriarch of Con- stantinople. No. 29. RUDOLPHUS nitis. Bohemia. No. 30. HENRICUS CORNIS Son of Albertus and Elizabeth, No. 26 and No. 27. No. 31. ALBERTUS III. Duke of Austria, etc. No. 32. JOANNES, 1326. Bohemia. No. 33. GEORGIUS. Arch-duke Austria. No. 34. ISABELLA Philippi Regis. Daniæ. No. 35. MARIA. Spain. No. 36. CHARLES V., A. D. 1519. Spain. No. 37. MARGARETUM VX. Duchy Florentine. No. 38. JOANNA, queen of Joannis. Portugal. No. 39. CATHARINA Reg Portugal Joann III. No. 40. FERDINANDUS, A. D. 1521. Hungary and Bohemia. No. 41. ELIZABETH, A. D. 1545. No. 42. FERDINANDUS. Born 1529, died 1595. Archduke Austria, etc. No. 43. CAROLUS, A. D. 1590. Archduke Aus- tria. No. 44. JOANNA Magni, A. D. 15-. Born 1547, died 1578. France. No. 45. BARBARA. Born in Vienna 1539, died 1572. No. 46. CESAR MAXIMILIANUS II. Germany, Hungary, etc. No. 47. ELISABETH. Born 1554, died 1592. Queen France. No. 48. WENCESLAUS. Born 1561, died 1576. Archduke Austria, etc. No. 49. CESAR RUDOLPHUS II. Born 1552, elected 1575. Germa y, Hungary, etc. No. 50. CESAR MATTHIAS. Born 1557, king 1608. Hungary. 174 Coins, Current Throughout the World AND THEIR VALUATION AT UNITED STATES and ENGLISH STANDARDS. From the latest governmental reports of all countries possessing metallic currency, their national valuation has been compiled and is here given, computed at the standards of the U. S. and Great Britain; any variation from our plate statements, or those on the U.S. Official Table, are in consequence of the calculations being made from the sources mentioned. To purchase goods with this money in the U. S., a loss through discount on the values here given would be sustained; to buy the coins, a premium, in some cases very high, would have to be paid. The nations composing THE LATIN UNION, have equalized their standard for large coins; the Five Franc pieces of France, Belgium and Switzerland; the Five Lire of Italy, Five Pesetas and Twenty Reals of Spain, Five Drachmi of Greece, Five Boliviars of Venezuela and Peso of Chili, each weigh 385.808 grains, are 900 fine, and contain 347.227 grains of pure silver, worth 72% cents, U. S., and 3s. 4½d., English standard, the metal being calculated at $1 per oz., and 4s. 2d. per oz., respectively, and 1000 fine; their current value is 96%½ cts. in this country, and 4s. in England. Chili and Venezuela are not of the Union, but their coinage is regulated by its standard. To designate the metal in which these coins are minted. g, indicates gold; s, silver, and b, base, which latter term includes all pieces not struck in gold or silver. COUNTRY. COINS. U. S. VAL. Abyssinia. Haraf, b Pataka, s Afghanistan. Kwan, s $ 4.34 £ 99.96 GT. BRIT. VAL. 2s. 17d 4s. 1d COUNTRY. COINS. Bolivia. Boliviano, s U. S. VAL. $ 83.60 66.98 2s. 9.49d Centavo, b Peso, s Real, s .83 Mas, s 6.69 3.34d Brazil. Joao, g 83.60 9.65 8.71.95 GT. BRIT, VAL. £ 48.·.50d 42d 4s. .50d 4.82d 1.15s. 10.75d Sapeck, b .11 .05d Milreis, S 54.50 2s. 1.12d Africa (Portugal). Macutta, s 5.35 2.67d Patacao, s Rei, b 1. 6.57 4s. 4.78d .05 .02d Algiers. Rial-Boudjou, s 36.10 Annam. Kwan, s 66.98 Mas, s 6.69 3.34d Fuang, s Sapeck, b .11 5.05d Sal, s Arabia. Caveer, b 1.04 .52d 1s. 6.050 Brunswick. Pistole, g 2s. 9.49d Burmah. Bat, s Canada and Newfoundland. 3.95 .93 16s. 3d 43.48 25. 6.06 3.03d 12.12 6.06d Diwana, b .99 49d Cent, b 1 .50d Dollar, Mocha, s 83 3s. 5d Dollár, s 1. 4s. 1.50d Gass, b .25 120 Central America. Krush, s 28.85 1s. 2.42d Centavo, b Mahmudi, s 5.09 Piaster, s 83.37 2.54Ɑ 3s. 5.18d Doubloon, I 14.96.58 Dollar, s La \Centavo, b Real, s Argentine Republic. Plata./Onza (1813-32), g Ouza (1833-50), g Peso Fuerte, s Asia (French). Cash, b Onza, g .83 83.60 14.96.58 3. 1s. 4s. 3. 1s. .41d 6d .50d 6d .95 15.51.46 14.65.79 90.90 48d 3. 3s. 10.23Ɑ 3. 4.39d Peso, s 83.60 4S. .50d Chili. Condor, g 9.12.30 1. 7s. 6d Doubloon, g 4.56.10 18s. 9d 4s. Id Escudo, s 1.82.40 7s. 6d 10 5d Peso. s 91.20 4S. 1d Fanon, s .32 5.72. .16d China, Taels, 1.61 6s. 9.50d 2.860 Colombia, U. S. A. Austria. Ducat, g 2.28.28 9s, 4.75d Begota, 20 Pesos, g (Hungary), I 2.29.16 Quadr'pl., g 9.13.20 9s. 5.25d 1.17s. 7.25d Centavo, b Condor, g Florin, g s 48.23 41.30 28. 1.50d 2s. Decimo, s New-Kreutzer, b .41 Scudo, s Thaler, Levantine, s Species, & " Vereins, s Vereins-Krone, g 1. 2.60 99.96 1.2.30 71.40 6.64.20 Azores. Milreis, s 83.50 .200 4s. 2.80d 4s. ia 4s. 2.15d 3s. 1. 78. 3.75d 3s. 5.50d Doubloon, g Medellin, g 18.90.20 .83 9.64.76 8.36 15.56.10 9. 1.60 Peso, s 93.60 Denmark. Christian d'Or, g 3.95.47 16s. Crown, s 26.89 3.17s. 9.10d 1.19s. 7.75d 4.82d 3. 4s. 9.50d 1.18s. 2.50d 4S. 3d 1s. 1.22d .48d Frederick d'Or, g 3.95.47 16s. за Kroner, s 26.80 1s. 1.22d Baden. Florin, s 40 1s. 8.50d Ore, b .26 .13d Batavia. Rix Dollar, s 75 3s. Id Dominician Republic. Stiver, b Bavaria. Caroline, g 1.56 4.99.20 1. D'bl Gulden, s Ducat, g 81.50 2.28.76 78d 6.10d 3s. 5.12d Centavo, b .95 .48d Gourd, s 1. 4s. 1.50d Piaster, s 95 4s. 9s. 4.750 Ecuador. Centavo, b .83 .41d Florin, S Ludwig d'or, g Max d'Or, g Belgium. Centavo, b Prane, s 41 3.43.85 1s. 8.50d 14s. 2d 3.34.14 19.30 .09d 9.65d .19 13s. 9.07d Egypt. Asper, b Peso, s Quadr'pl Escudo, g 91 .60 4s. 7.55.50 1 12s. ld .04 Gersh, b 4.97 Para, b .12 .c2d 22.8d .06d 175 { German Empire. ASIA. Fanon, s COUNTRY. COIN. Plaster, b Finland. Markka, s Penni, b France. Centime, b Franc, s Louis d'Or (1785), g (1800-40), Cash, $ 4.66.04 U. S. VAL. GT. BRIT. VAL COUNTRY. COIN. U.S.VAL. GT. BRIT. VALI. 4.97 2.48d Kiran, s $ 22.16 £ 11.080 19.30 9.75d Malimudi, b .21 1.10d .19 .09d Panabat, s 11.08 5.54d ..19 .cca Rupee, s 37.12 19 94d 19.30 9.75û Shatree, b 1.10 .55d 18s. 9.75d Toman, 2.21.64 9s. Id 3.82.58 .32 .16d 8 5.72 Crown, g 2.38 Doppelkrone, g 4.76 Krone, g 2.35 15s. 10.250 Peru. Centavo, b 2.860 Pondicherry. Moon-Pagoda, g 9s. 9.47d Poland. Zloty, s 19s. 6.95d Portugal. Coroa,, g 9s. 9.47d .83 .410 Sol s 93.60 4S. 1.60.15 6s. 07.07α 11 .46 10.80.00 05.73d 2. 4s. 5d. Mark, s 23.80 Pfennig, b .23 11,900 .11d Milreis, s Rei, b 10.80 2. 4s. 1.25d 10 .05d Africa. Macutta, s 5.35 2.67d Germany. Prussia. Double Thaler, s 1.42.50 6s. Thaler, s 71.40 Frederick d'Or, g 4. .96 16s. 05.75.d 2s. 11.75d Roumania. Vereins-Krone, g 6.64.20 £1 7s. 3.75d Ban Para, b .19 .09d Thaler, s 71.40 2s. 11.25d Great Britain. Lei, s 19.30 9.65d Leu, s 14 .07d Crown. S 1.11.05 5s. Farthing. b Russia. Deneshka, b .33 .160 .50 .25d Florin, s 48.60 2$. Ducat, g 2.28 .34 .9s. 4.50a Guinea, g 5. 05.65 1 1s. Grievenik, S 6.69 3.34d Penny, b 02.02 Id Imperial, g 7.97.20 1. 12s. 9.25d Pound Sterling, o 4.86.65 1 Kopeika, b Shilling, s 24.30 1s Piatak, b .65 3.31 .33d 1.67d Sovereign, g 4.86.65 1 Poloo-Imperial,g. 3.98.60 16s. 5d Greece. Poltina, s Drachmas (20), o 3.85 4s Drachma, 5. 19) 9.50d Lepta s .19 Phoenix, s 17.42 .95d 8.76d Pol ushka, 1 Tshetvertak, s Sandwich Islands. 33.45 .16 16.72 1s. 6.50d .08d 8.36d Cent b 1 .500 Hanover. Dime, s 10 .05d Ludwig d'Or, g 3.95.93 16s. 3.37d Dollar, s 1.00 4s. 1.5 d Hesse-Darmstadt. Saxony. Karolin, g 4.99.20 1 6d August d'Or, g 4.00.98 Hungary. Ducat, g 2.29.16 Servia. Dinar, s 19.30 16s. 5.750 9.65d 9s. 5.25d India. Anna, b 2.48 1.24d Para, b .19 Pice, b. .65 Siam. Bat, s 60 .46 2s. 6.28d • 34d BI Pie. b .22 .11d Fuang s 7.55 3.77d Rupee, s 39.70 19. 11.25d Salung, s 15.11 7.55d Ionian Islands. Obolo, b Italy. Centisimo, v Lira, s Tical, s 60.46 2s. 6.28d Spain. Centime, b .19 090 .96 .48d Corona (Isabel), s 50 2s. 1.12d .19 .09d Doubloon g 5.51.60 1. 7.50d 19.30 9.65d Escudo, s 50 2s. .2d Sequin, g 2.29.16 9s.. 5.83d Peseta. s 19.30 9,65d Sovrano, g Zecchine, g Japan. Itakane, g 6.77 .83 2.29.16 2.92.80 1 7s. 10.25d 9s. 5.83d 12s. .4cd Peso Duro, 8 96 .90 4s. .45c Real, s 5 2.50d Soudan. Peseta, s 46.SO Is. 11.4cd Itzebu, s 36.50 Kobang, 4.44.60 1s. 6.25d 18s. 3.30d Sweden. Crown, s 26.80 18. 1.22d .. (Imperial), g Kroner, s 26.80 5.79.30 1 3s. 10.15d Oere, b .26 1s. 1.22d .13d Yen, s 4s. 1.5cd Rix Dollar, s 99.95 4S, 50d Sen, 1 .50d Trade Dollars,, s 78 .39d Switzerland. Liberia. Cent, b 1 .50d Centime, b .19 .09d 10 Cent, s 10 ad 25 Cent, s 25 12.50d Madras. Mohur, g 7.06.96 1 9s. 20 Franc. s Rappen, b Tripolis. Gersh, b 19.30 .19 4.30 9.65d .09d 2.15d Star-Pagoda, s 1.84 75. Mahbub, s 74.80 3s. 70 Para, b .04 1 .02d Malta. Grano, b .16 .83d Piaster, b 4.22 2.11d Scudo. & Taro, b 70 3.33 25. 11d Tunis. Caruba, b .73 .36d 1.66d Piaster, s 11. 80 5.90d Mexico. Doubloon, g 15.52.08 3 4s. 8.250 Sbiglien, s 11.80 5.90d Tukestan. Puls, b .49 .24d. Peso, s 90.90 4S. 2d Tenga, s 21.93 10.96d Real, s 10 5d Tilla, g 2.71.55 11s. 2.27d Netherland (Holland). Turkey. Asper, b .04 .02d Cent, b .38 Double Ducat, g 4.56 William, g 7.99.40 Ducat, g 2.28.34 Florin, s 40.20 .17d 18s. 8.25d 1 6s. 6.50d 9s. 4.50d 1s. 8.37d Ellilik, g Gersh, b Hirk-Para, b 2.19.60 4.22 4.30 9s. .800 2.118 2.15d Mediidie, g 4.30 178. 08.50d เ $ 85.68 3s. 6.34d Ryder, 1.31.89 5s. 5.44d Stiver, b 1.50 .75d Para, b Piaster, b .10 4.30 .05a 2.15d Norway. Crown, s 26.80 Koner, s 26.80 1s. 1.220 1s. 1.22Ɑ United States of America. Oere, b .26 Paraguay. Centavo, b .95 .13d .4sa Cent, b 1 .50d Dime. s 10 5d Dollar, and s 1. 4s. 1.500 Peso, s 95.20 4s. 1d Double Eagle, g 20. Real, s 9.65 4.82d Eagle, g 10. 1. Persia. Abassee, b 4.43 | Dinar, b .02 17 Dinar-Bistee, b .22 .1ld Peso, s Kasbequi, b .11 / 2.21d | Uruguay. Patacon, Old Venezuela. Centavos, b .05d Zanzibar. 94.98 2. 1s. Id 6.50d 4s. 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