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CONTAINING THE FOLLOWING MAPS:
The World, on a Globular Projection. 15. Canada.
The World, on a~ Polar Projection. 16. South America,
North America. ; 17. Europe.
United States, Canada, and part of Mexico 18. Central Europe.
New England and New York. 19. British Isles.
Central States. 20. Shetland Isles.
Southern States. 21. Asia. ;
South-Western, and part of the Western States. 22. Palestine.
Michigan and Wisconsin. 23. Africa.
Texas. 24, Liberia and Sierra Leon:
Western Territories of the United States. 95. Roman Empire.
West Indies, Mexico, Central America, New Grenada, &c. 96. Southern part o1 Greece.
Isthmus of Darign. 27. Physical and Commercial Chart of the World.
New Brhewimand Nova Scotia. 98. Chart of Currents, Winds, Rain, é&c., with Exercises.
And a variety of Statistical Tables.
.
POLL NLT INI
NEW-YORK:
SHELDON AND COMPANY, Pus isHErs,
SOLD HY THE PRINCIPAL BOOKSELLERS IN THE UNITED S'TATES.
Ot OP EAL
_ et
A NP et RO SS an ere e a eeS Oe S E G
ITY OF VIRGINIA LIBRARY
=, = ‘ 2 7 — a = “ \ =
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The following are selected from among the numerous Notices and Reconmentee recewwed by
the Author and Publishers of this system of Geography.
From Rev. Heman Humphrey, D. D., Pres. of Amherst Coll., Mass,
Mr. J. Orney,—Dear Sir,—I have examined both your Im:
proved School Atlas, and Modern System of Geography, with
more than ordinary satisfaction. Your arrangement of topics,
appears to me better adapted to the comprehension of the chiid,
and to follow more closely the order of nature, than any other
elementary system of the kind with which I am acquainted.
Instead of having to encounter the diagrams, problems and defi-
nitions of Astronomy, as soon as he opens his Geography, the
young learner 1s first presented with the elements of the science,
in their simplest and most attractive forms. His curiosity is ot
course awakened. ‘hat which would otherwise be regarded as
an irksome task is contemplated with pleasure. ~The opening
mind exults in the exercises of its faculties, and im the ease with
which it every day cathers rew intellectual treasures. The con-
stamt use which you oblige the child to make of his Atias, |
consider a great advantage, and the substitution of initials for
the names of the countries, mountains, rivers, é&c., a valuable
improvement. There is, moreover, a condensation of matter
throughout, combined. with a clearness and simplicity, ~- sich
cannot fail, I think, of being highly appreciated by all enlight-
ened and judicious teachers. Your method of designa* ng the
Jeneth of the principal rivers, is extremely sirple and conyen-
ient. My best wishes attend you in every elurt yousnake, to
facilitate the improvements ot the rising genera‘ion, in kus vledge
and virtue. :
From the Connecticut Mirror.
As an elementary bovk, we certainly have never secn*any
thing of the kind, that will compare with it. Simplicity is its
leading feature, and instruction its real object. _ It is adapted to
the humblest capacity, and may be studied in cc nection with
the Atlas, almost as advantageouslv by children, as by those of a
maturerage. We are not accustomed to speak'in terms of praise
of every new school-book which appears, for it is countenancing
the practice of taxing parents and guardians, no matter how
heavily, “for the sake of a change.” But in tlie case of Mr.
Olney’s Geography, we are so well satisfied that it is just wh:! is
wanted in our common schools, that we really account ii our duty
to aid in introdiscing it.
I have long thought Olney’s Geography and Atlas a first-rate
school-book, and the publishers of it have certainly given to it
an attractive appearance to the teacher and pupil. I have used
it, think, nearly ten years of my teaching, and always found the
successive editions reliable for accuracy, and weil up to the times.
M, F. COWDERY, Supt. Schools, Sandusky, Ohio.
Thesitate not to say that Olney’s Geography and Atlas greatly
excels anything of the kind that has preceded it.
k. C. GORRY,
Principal Union Academy, Arkarsas.
To the Board of Inspectors, Chicago, Mi.
“The undersigned, Teachers in the public schools, baying used
both ——— and Olney’s Geographies would say we greatly pre-
fer the latter, and would respectfully ask that it may bé introduced
mito the schools under our charge.”
Adopted! unanimowsly by the Board.
A. D. STURTEVANT,
A. G. WILD):
T. A. BRIGH-
<2
ey Hf
7507S GRO
afene
iw
+ schools,
Having used several © hies, and Olney’s among the
number, we have cone’ * ‘to use the istter as the most reliable
work. :
‘TAWLEY, Adrian, Mich.
To the Lockport, N. Y.
“The undets blic schoels, having
earefully examined Ol... and Atlas with a, view
to its merit as_a School-bows, wouiu res; *tfully ask that it be
adopted by your Board in place of whieh we now use.”
Adopted unanimously. ‘
-N. BRIFPAN,
J. ALWOOD,
‘A. W. BRAZEE,
Send me six dozen Olney’s Geography. and Atlas, and I will
introduce it in this Academy.
W. B. BUNNE-LU, Yates, N. ¥.
Olney’s Geogra; ies (Quarto and’Geovraphy and Atlas) are
remarkable for the “asy, vivacious, and interesting style of their 4
descriptions. and their consequent adaptation to the minds of j
learners. «iy favorable opinio: of their merits has been more
than confirmed by my recent es; erience m teaching them.
Js. DIXSON, Lansiny, Wich.
Having examined Olney’s Quarto Geography, with a view to 3
its merits as a school-book, 1 am prepared to say, I think it bet- @
ter adapted to the wants of conamon schools, than any other work Zim
of a similar character.
SALEM TOWN, LL. D.
[ consider Olney’s Quarto the best elementary work I have #
ever seen.
M. L. BROWN, Syracuse.
I have examined Olney’s Quarto, and find it just sucha text@ay
book on Geography as we want for our school—send me forty
copies,
F. N. SMITH, Jowa.
I have long used Olney’s Geography, and with great success.
E. CHADWICK.
Olney’s Geography is an excellent work for intermediates
A.D. WRIGHT, Ohio:
We shall use Olney’s Geography, because we prefer it to anya
othér.
J. ESTABROOK, Mich.
Olney’s Quarto is the book for beginners.
H. G. WINSEOW, Nunda, WV. Y.
Olney’s Geography is working to our entire satisfaction, and
will be retained as a text-book.
E. COOPER, Ind., Ashbury Fem. Coll., New Albany.
- Olney’s Geography Ilike. It is easy and intelligible.
T. S. BRADLEY, Milan Academy, Ohio
xe is
RyLIBRARY OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
FROM THE BOOKS
OF
JOHN STAIGE DAVIS
OTS TOR tae tam OE TTTOLREY’S A ELaAs
COMPRISING
MODERN AND ANCIENT GEOGRAPHY,
DESIGNED TO ACCOMPANY
THE*PRACTICAL SYSTEM OB GEOGRAPHY
FOR
SCHOOLS AND FAMILIES.
BY JZ OLN EY OT.
REVISED AND ENLARGED FROM THE NINETY-FIRST EDITION.
Lis)T OF MAPS.
The World, on a Globular Projection.
The World, on a Polar Projection.
North America.
United States, Canada, and part of Mexico.
New England and New York.
Central States.
Southern States.
South-Western and part of the Western States.
Michigan and Wisconsin.
10. Texas.
11. Western Territories of the United States.
£2 GONE 92 Or Wh 69 20 =
12. West Indies, Mexico, Central America, New Grenada, &e.
13. Isthmus of Darien.
14 New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.
15. Canada.
16. South America,
17. Europe.
18. Central Europe,
19. British Isles.
20. Shetland Isles.
21. Asia.
22. Palestine.
23. Africa.
24. Liberia and Sierra Leone.
25. Roman Empire.
26. Southern part of Greece.
27. Physical and Commercial Chart of the World.
28. Chart of Currents, Winds, Rain, &c., with Exercises.
TABLES.
Extent of Oceans, Seas, Gulfs and Bays, No. 3, 4, 5, 6
Comparative size of Lakes. Length of Rivers, . ‘ i28
Extent and Population of Continents and Grand Divisions, 9, 10
Extent and Population of Islands, . 11
Extent and Population of States, Kingdoms, &c., 12, 13, 14, 15, 16
Population of the Globe. Races of Men. Religions, . 17, 18, 19
Population of the principal Cities on the Globe, 20, 21, 22. 23, 24
Height of celebrated Mountains, . : : 25
Latitude and Longitude. Decre: ase in Temperature, a 20s Al
Universities in Europe, . ; : . 28
Navigation of Rivers in the United States, : : - = 29
Table of Distances, . 30
Population of the United States from 1790 to the present time, 3
Manufactures in the United States, ; ; 32
Presidents of the United States, . . 33
Value of Gold and Silver Coins of foreign nations® , : 34
Agricultural Productions in the United States, sa ee ee ob
Colleges in the United States,
Religious Denominations in the United ‘States,
Height of Monuments, Towers, &c., A
Naber of Representatiy es in Congress front 1789, A <r S9
Theological Schools in the United “tates, ;: : . ' 40
ofa Sete
Settlement of the States, : ‘ ‘ a 4k
State Elections, Meeting of the Legislatures, Ke. fy : ° 42,
Principal Ganals i in the United States, . i . 43
Latitude and Longitude of places in the United States, . At
Principal Railroads in the United States, . : ° e 45
Productions of different Countries, Exports, fC. s ° ° 46
Government, Religion, and state of Society, . ° e - 4f
Pronunciation of Geographical Names, ae Ot ote
) ’
: 7¥
- NEW YORK:
SHELDON AND COMPANY, PuBLIsHERS,
SOLD BY MHE PRINCIPAL BOOKSELLERS IN THE UNITED STATES.
1866.
Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1855,
by Pratt, WooprosD & Co., in the Clerk’s Office of the District Court of Connecticut,
|
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ia)
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Ray x! -avelica ) \ of P) & \iea - Wa bina \
o \ ‘ a Ts X |
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| = } SRE dR ee A Hs
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~ ee \\\ yi) B - - j |
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z tN rst Sag Ne S Watwich Wea. ced
S p—~ . }))) EY ee We TION n-Iguan (CO Tales Ulf eeeess
Y 3 Ati Me Se ae Bop 1600, 2 600,000 i a No |
ae } St NS Ee uchman ™ / |
¥ S AS NG Ri
‘= & Catamareayy R¢; Re hi | | =
S S G0. OOD SQM A = Hie H OMS
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S | Si + KK a & E Santia go” 5 > brie: a | Ie
~ + = . “i Oy q fen
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Sia Aa Spl ee nee Hit i faon 2 Sox G mf NS ey ini
S/H) 30 ae = Att i i a a ¥ ae ‘ To tie mou ——— |
Sia 2 Nyy Ge, f dork Ase th OF Prange R. 3800 males on
SN | = \\\ Nae 1s DL. a, 1 aes { “ ale im!
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= 3 = Wine ‘ pe, Moral’ silver Yee 2, fe de Park = ww if
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a Ka, “Brom. Montevil | ns
~~ yor Montevideo to Cape Zpn 2 ais
x 2 39IOG Maloy | } =
— f h -—
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Aas Scale of Eng Miles in
5 * 100 200 300 400 5600 1000, |
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oo | ia)
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y e |
| | e300 les :
} | a , Land 8300 74 ¢ afi : a
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- Ee i SAME OTL 4 i
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> as OUNDYS SCHOOL GROGRAPHY . S
= . yu > | | :
= | ¢ \ \ } _ j } a“
| B Viadine | >
> \ \y ae S
Sif ay. y EXPLANATION, =
S | \ are Population.
‘ | : os S Are Capelorn to | States tlrus: 250.000.
yy ; = = ? =, , i }
S j S SX “ ot mutes | Cities and Towns.
~ ah . Ou oan ee ee
=| | A SY ——_—_— (31000 100,000
=| po seers sponta crt
a) ee ? Art INDRA 3 -| Figurey placed in these characters sion the muanber of |
ia} Ze: - SY Madr He Jumdreds, thousands &c which the character denotes: }
1m) sO), —— \ thus Duenos Ayres & 80.000, Rio Janewo 2) 200,000.
at | ; in or he {/Oy, Bends Figures on Rivers and Mountains denote theo length 90 |
300 TH \ Ati \\ (e Hp ep | we hundeds of miles as Amazon K.4, 4,500 metles. |
\\ G | |
| | A |
ea DS
| AVES GIICH arowmd ne Giobe in the lantude of Cape Horm 14,000 nates |
ee a = = —__= PSO M)///\- a ae ae
23 > 13 West 37 Longi : i: fashing 57
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a
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25 West from 20 Greenwich
eee “=: oe ~
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To Im strate
OLNEYS SCHOOL GROGR!
Seale of Eng.Milés
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EXPLANATION or SYMBOLS
Form of Government
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es ———— (
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i AT Sanshitt. : o . {@|
OREN itt ) Scale of EngMiles |
3% Ls : a } ~ % oS JON ee meee Gites _100 59 |
Pomona, \ey I = —— } A
| fey
SEs Ln Deo
TIoy [Z Yi? @ |
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= a a. & rth
7X x : C, Wrath Pn pe Py !
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a A NOS ere. mumsd f oe |
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2 ae ees As 6 4
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¢ ITA W = + ¢ A ‘ i, Bt
Ae o> Sagrran ay S ; SD oh R . aN G Cy | |
BS. A a (ORG, Moree se |f
ome -B, , Sa eo “AD i | 1H |
} ; i NH BA MZ To Titustrate
PE ¥ KOw “ |
Dorpoch Se = ne 7 1B
Se Oa SSG) c~ : OLNHYS SCHOOL GROGBAYHY. | il
> aw ff a — | j
sD, 4 [ieee = = 3 qi |
% Log 3s al Cy ae 5 GEER AAS FI it
LAE Toa PS = |
eC comaeny x aS q,, a Ey Bave e o) \ EXPLANA/PION }
Se 7 i 2 ri : f/ Loch \ a) \\ > . |
y Naw ‘) p— f } Popniaion. ia!
( ._fanty tT TULL { s iB]
o, t\ 4. OAS Peter a Cries and Towns | |
Overpiess /4/ ae 7 = ; . an ‘ |
ge eat Nee MIX Gh = ¢i L000) 4) 100:000) ©) 000,000. ——— iH
YN Ne) 4 |
5 , i 77 $03 ef Pi Figures placed tr these characters show the nian | 1
42.877, do \. : .
L lo Aber wdeensy { ber of Feaundreds, thousands &e which tle charac- | 57 |
Fi ay Bi yr. Ce A re ae! ake ter den oles: rus Tyre BI2Z,000, Leeds 100,000, | |
Ram A “ if S “fe London Y32000.000. |
i ey ye , Ea Figures on Rivers denote thew lengi. ur Aaurcreds |
| > fo. ss of miles a® Thames h. 2%,250 miles. |
a] : Z “tron tu: D £C Dey | |
Z = ne. : | |
» out LF J England contaavs 52 Counties
» | - ¥ We : | }
| h \ Tire: SO T(, ~ Scotland 33 |
| } t \ ¢ 7 Z ~ |
| wv Treland a2 ; |
: i
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Bl : may Xk SES |
| ph = + % /
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} ‘ wi @ <> S 4 _s. |
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433 fhe hos A“ DMiareie iP f ; Te ti a ~~ | 55
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= \ / / z, / e 2 le 1
Agree, fonadadees re S AE Ha YG i “ Newcoses
| , E Be \ x Be Py pe Ar edte.
iB! —_ ye orae OF ae %
| / : id i Legh Wi Ten N A Sh a1) ” |
= HAM caer lee rh aE
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| Gi SI iy) dgipeon 4 eg Sririieg OR nigh = |
| =: Dany Py DS ' ‘
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ET Tig [EBRGa On EA oN uy \ Hie eo } | hh SeQeeye LWlinder@e ting™
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LGB Diy ee) VS se 207 il |
| YEE el - FO Ii \ Fa AR SRCAGK Fo FGF sy ey |
he a: {. pueug ond ! ok YS oe it 7 DERE SF Ss SK =
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; Ny | | RA A heat = ;
t Qn - A 4p = = ¥) t Z
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RZ : Ie : I bn’ ane \ |
f \ KOxford Ue es as
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ay a aK oe tpingd. ort & =
H Core 3 ates - 3 :
f= Ore rae Bitfone te eet ar) me xX |
iat rrt00 35\ S hr Prute
iBi 25 Tes = 3 PASTE EEN if Si sf as TRH AAE
= oh Dae FG Tee. y |
PE. peas ’ e
Bu {( ie eS p . }
MG ~ qtamnaupic |
aT? weey) Hi Y - |
ane | 1 ol
(F ; 1
From Liverpeol to New Tork a af A g a “=
3500 miler ot ot 4 \
4, TAA het
ae efrvagha dy ll
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By if fe
<= A Hi) I} RY
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, Phi »
[oe =e pL AL) nN \) |
wy i 3 5 ro oO -
‘ : SG j
50 N N Sa x ieee
I DNA, aA = LJ |
Taghihonse = ¢ 4 TL O; B Fi 50
ie ata heh eat na A - eeaee —— Us
sea !
Lon eS 73 East from 74 Washington 75 70 4
5 = i , 7
J
“
te
East
=
eet
Saez
PTsMAP OF
To HInstrate
iS SCMWO OL GROGRAPHY
ea ee
.
OANYK
Scale of Eng Miles
OO 3 00F ne ene
wv
Empires &e thus: 2.000.000.
Cities and Towns.
E100,000 1.000.000, —
Kentiuck
31000
3)
lain. “u
tiicy
~ >
|
|
wa
ex .
©
Whe
Mou h
eK,
Florida
Figures placed in ese characters show the jai:
ber of hundreds, thousands ke which the charac:
ter denotes: Gas Singapore & 30,000, Bombay @
250.000. Pekin ™ 1.500.000.
Piugures on Rivers and Mourtames
lengd@v wr Juoidreds of rales; as Garuges L710, L000.
miles, Himalaya Mts. JZ, 1400 miles
denote their
Longitude East 35 fram Greenwich
PALESTINE Wr. AWS ee SOMA | :
] : > = 4
TRIBES
Fadah Vil Issachar
Vill Asher
|
Il Smmeon
itl Benjamin IX Zebulon
IV Dan X Naphtah
Y Ephraim Xi Gad
Vi Manasseh All Renben
Hy RR rs SX & we y x |
f ‘ OX | } Qs
& S 3 Sa WH tT. , Me 5
ae <calepeg ay hanes AQ “CAB
aU
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yy ABS < Xi eS q adel \ ,
Ee : A Pe ET
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a f e ss a
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a yf 98000 b
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\e ois
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sr
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a
F500
LF) ~
>
Zz Ontay
Miles
ue She, moth Gileac
pt tiRabbath Ammon
| Philadelphia
ME
Longitude East H2. eS i ine étTn.
UW He ver L860 WPrailoakley& Coin An ffive fihie srt Gort oF Connecticut—— ——— ee
a 7 Tr | leaps x $$ — ees
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ir Yongrinde Eb BST fapm¢ Ga OIE a
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Tuts Map is intended to enable the eye to perceive, at a
glance, the great physical features of
‘ay
the earth’s surface ;—the size and
relative position of the continents and oceans,—the temperature of the atmosphere,—the distribution of rain,—currents of the ocean, —
drifts of ice, &c. &e.
I'he climate, or temperature of the atmosphere, is shown by the isothermal or waving lines crossing the map,
having at each end the figures indicating the degree according to Farrenheit. All places situated on these lines have the same mean
annual temperature. The distribution of rain is shown by shades.
that falls in each region of the globe.
and the arrows showing the direction of the current.
The deeper and lighter tints indicate the relative quantity of rain
The ocean currents are shown by fine lines,—the deeper shading indicating the greater velocity,
TEMPERATURE OF THE ATMOSPHERE.
I)irFzRENT portions of the earth’s surface are exposed to different degrees of heat, de-
pending upon the latitude and local circumstances. In Egypt it never freezes, and in
some parts of Siberia it never thaws. As a general rule, the cold increases with the lati-
tude and the elevation above the sea. But, owing to a great variety of local causes,—as
the shape, extent and inclination of a country,—the direction of its mountains,—the pre-
valence of winds,—its distance from the sea—the nature and cultivation of its soil, &e.,
places having the same latitude in the two hemispheres, or even in the same, frequently
differ very much in climate, or in the mean annual temperature of the atmosphere. By
reference to the map, it will be seen that Europe is warmer in the same latitudes than
Asia or North America.
Where is the line of greatest heat? Is it a straight line? Is it mostly north or south
of the equator? Which part of the western continent is warmest? The eastern?
Which is warmest in the same latitudes, the eastern or western continent? Europe or
Asia? Europe or North America? Which is warmest in the same latitudes, the eastern
or western coast of North America? What is the mean annual temperature of New
York? What part of Europe does the line of New York pass through? How many
degrees of latitude is London north of New York? How is the mean annual tempera-
ture ascertained? By taking the average of all the mean daily temperatures through-
aut the year. eos
DISTRIBUTION OF RAIN.
The average quantity of rain which falls in a year at any given place depends upon a
great variety of circumstances,—as latitude,—distance from the sea,—elevation and shape
of the country,—its mountain ranges,—exposure to prevailing winds,—and other local
causes which influence the climate. As a general rule, the annual quantity of rain is
found to decrease with the increase of latitude. This wiil be seen from the following
Table, showing the annual depth of rain in different latitudes.
Tie Places. Countries. re Lat.) Fall of Rain.|
Grenada. ccc ckce css. West Indies:. ......./12° Lv! 126 inches. |
Cane El avtlenemteters : cioss) are wie's)s 0s ET ayia cyeicts acsieaieiatens BOC TAO | ZO). &
Calotttarer-c. emia csc 0 cle. scree ELindoston'..s se cccc lee cou ole Ss
NOME’. cis occ cise ere chi cis, acl sa WtAlYicrcie sale cvsiee scree ANCE O41) -S0r a
Mondo, . = ..6 Bre ACT eiSis\i.6 ¢ eceia.s Hine lancd.-...2,<cyeeiras| Dil Sel 258 ae
ite, BELCESDUTO™: serch eis ie 6. b\sje 6 wie QHRSIAR eS. cen fens ate Doe 1G Ge cs
Wea Dono erera sewiajereleta ociever ene larwvere) al LUUSSLA so, aye,.c-wicssveleusie 6501, Ist & |
It is not to be supposed, however, that all places situated in the same parallels of Jati-
tude have the same annual quantity of rain. Local causes will have their influence, and
often produce the most surprising anomalies.
As a general rule, places near the sea haye more rain than those inland. As we
leave the coast, for the interior, there is a gradual diminution of rain and of rainy days,
as will be seen from the following Table, showing the mean quantity o rain and rainy
days during the year.
Conntn Depth of Rain) Nember
Cue: in inches. _\of Rainy Days.
British, [slandsey ers. oa ccmcercies tide cleteiea cre sine s 32 156
Western, HWrancen. cycccicss selesnieiciets a aicete «lerciere 25 152
Eastern France...... bite Sabon dint etasav ay erapevalaieleiale 22 147
Central and North Germany,............. eee 20 140
Lun cary: sce cratein ote yer BS MO COO Lae a 17 111
astern Russias Kazan. accra case cee aetereraiels 14 90
Siberia, Wakoutski- 4: cro ceo ore eke eke 5 60
The cause of this will be readily seen, if we reflect for a moment that the air above
the sea, or the ocean atmosphere, is always moist, or charged with vapor. As this is
borne inland by the winds, its water 1s precipitated in showers, and Its inherent moisture
continually decreases with its progress. If its continental journey 1s long, it loses all its.
humidity, and reaches the centre, parched and dry as the land atmosphere.
Whenever the moist winds from the sea meet high mountains, or elevated table lands,
they are forced to ascend along their sides into the colder regions of the atmosphere;
where the air loses its capacity for holding vapors, which are at once precipitated in rain.
Consequently, the winds descend on the opposite side, dry and cold. This is the case in)
the desert of Atacama and on the coast of Peru. The constant east winds sweeping across
South America from the Atlantic to the Pacific, before they pass the Andes, lose all their
moisture, and hence those regions are never refreshed by a drop of rain, The mountain
chains are the great condensers, and serve as the reservou's for the rain waters which they
distribute over the surrounding countries.
In vast plains with a high and constant temperature, there is no cause of the condensa-
tion of vapors. A wind loaded with moisture and clouds, may pass over them without
dissolving into rain, because the temperature is higher than that of the wind. ‘This is tha
case in the desert of Sahara. The :noist winds from the sea, no sooner pass the threshold
of the desert than the dry and bunt air dissipates even the smallest cloud, In Egy Ee
seldom rains; and under the cloudless sky of Thebes, a mans life may pass away withowge ge A IIIS Se Ee
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE VIEWS.
the Jand,—and durivg the
the land to the sea. The cause 0 |
on water during the day,—and the reverse, during the night.
3 Tue VARIABLE WINDS prevail in the temperate regions. They change abruptly
from one point of the horizon to another, and appear to be the result of an incessant con=
flict between the polar winds and those of the tropics. Being opposite in character and
direction, they give to our climate that variety of temperature, that changeableness, of
1 moisture, of fair weather and of foul, that render all calculations of the com
tain and illusory. ne ae
of the winds depends very much on their direction and the char-
c ir 3 ¢ y bh 0 F f; ym
rE ana it yains 5 t : : n |
i : \ , 2 ] rr il 5 f his 1S the hig her empera ure of he a r Ol an ¢ than
ee bial sa y Ing that— t rains { S is 4 2 t t |
bis ever beholding a shower or even A
In Bergen, in Norway, 4 day
most of the year, and in the island of Chiloe, it 1s a prov
there six days in the week and is cloudy on the seventh.”
of sunshine is a rarity, in the midst of almost constant rains. et par
Within the tropics, the year is divided into two seasons,—the pret ie a ve
mg the dry season, sometimes for months, not a cloud obscures the s} y aoe ad ee
wet season, the rain pours down like a deluge, In successive showers. % an A y alls een
FS water that falls is often enormous. It has been calculated that on the aierage ¢ ere alls | dryness Ae Tee
| rh inches of water, and 115 inches inj ing weather
eee » +rODICS aster inent 77 :
annually within the tropics of the eastern contine en arena oe reat the) ihe veneral character
The rainy season commences Sn OE f ions whe they come. Hence thev are cold, hot, dry moist, &e. In
he position of the sun, } acter of the regions whence ey come. Vii ; » Aly, St, .
those of the western continent. é y see
Sea el eh BES ee acai eh i ae Soa the equator than Europe the westerly winds are warm and moist,—because they are sea winds,—while in
. = ‘ . * 5 si x 1 a oO a . S near > s £ 4 : s \ y x
5 passage through the zenith, 1t begins earlier in those regions I a Ty ea aa pas Bee as |
Mice nore Bt he rai + season begins at Panama in March,—and at San Blas, Asia and the United States, they are cold and dry, because they are land winds. In the
in those more remote, . 100 ra, in Aptil,—at Thouis alicut, in Hin-} western part of North America, and in Europe, the northeast winds are cold and dry, because
| part of North Ame-
' : : ae ~
\ ‘ Mexico, in June,—at Biatra, Africa, April,—at St Ona De ag si sxhibits the | they sweep across the land from the polar climes,—while in the eastern
} destan, in May,—and at Delhi, about the 21st CEES. SO ea rica and Asia they are cold and damp, because they are charged with the vapors of the
annual quantity of rain in several places on both continents. ecean! On the western coast of North America, north of 30°, the southwest winds prevail
\7 Places. | Countries. | Depth of Rain! from. the Pacific, and carry ehither the soft Cea OF that sean aoe the mild
hw ee TaRREH CHES ness of the climate compared with that of the eastern coast. Sitka, ol north latitude,
Maranham.....-++sreseeee* BA rere ee aan a has the same average temperature with the shores of Lake Ontario, but without the same
PAKAMATIDO.§ . «105 0s eee oe 06's Guiana a cena a gs extremes of heat aad cold. During winter, the vicinity of Lake Superior presents but a
ONENESS 6509 39 SOON ORG 00a Os | Venezuela. ei) e Pe puene sr rt OTs eariOn of snow and ice. —while the valley of the Columbia, in the same latitude, displays
BOP Ota ae isisrele eeruei nic 50% ew Grenade reer tlcri ons 995 “ _ Tthe most verdant prairies. In the northern hemisphere a south wind will be warm and
Vera Cruz. ...-+seeeseceees |Mexico. Jo gee Ca econ et "80 i moist, and a north wind cold and dry.
ISOLOD Ea yets wise sic crueen eee eee cere ea ae eee Y O71 Local Winds prevail in certain portions of the globe. 1. The Sirocco is a hot, moist,
ISDOUGRerarin eine ee neces ce: \Portugal. mets cata tents a eae 10 «“ and relaxing wind from the African coast, which visits the Mediterranean isles and the
Madrid. SO.0N Ne CO UmOOOGOSK Sean: ee saw mal: Aor south of Italy, in summer and autumn. 2. The Simoon is a hot, parching wind that pres
ONAN ie 62) cies oleae ae ie ortugal’ SAR eRe a4 vails upon the arid plains of Asia and the deserts of Africa. It is a dreadful yisitant to
Charleston. ..-:.+-s:eorre+es South CN ECO a aee oe An CO travellers of the déserts, and to the ‘nhabitants of towns and villages. In Syria and Arar
Philadelphia. ..+-++rees+s*: Hennsyly2DIe WS TIEN a a « hia it is called Simoom,—the hot, poisonous wind. In Egypt, Kamsin—the fifty. days
' INeNy) HCI Kreioicniiesene = iaccice < TN Oe tela ea a a « wind—and in the western part of Africa, Harmattan—the burning wind.
PB OSLO Me Nereterrke messes ainsesete car eee ee e oye ei onet ee 99 « In regard to the winds, these general rules may be laid down. 1. Winds in the equa.
Se poms: iviieje)e sjeesorereia (01.0) 030) © leans elegelelorwie ins cs cieienbcaumrer ny | 99 “« torial regions generally blow from the east to the west. 2. From 30° to 60° north or
Paris Pe ee ee etn ee es ay 944 « south latitude, westerly winds prevail. Hence the average passage of ships from the
Edinburgh'.+ «sewers s+ 2s: feel oct ci Soke 4 98 « United States to Europe ‘g shorter than from Europe to the United States. 8. Beyond
IBEYBeN. cicee cence css tt: . [|Norway..--sseceeconesssst | 60° north or south latitude, the general direction of winds is towards the equator. :
rand diyisions,—Asia, the dryest of The temperature of the atmosphere, the rain, and the winds have an intimate connec-
South America is the most humid of the southern g est (
the northern,—North America, the best and most equally watered. Europe, with its tion, each with the others
numerous seas, gulfs and bays, combines the moisture of the maritime climate with a great
variety of contrasts. Africa and Asia present the absolute contrast of dry and moist inf ‘What is wind} Air in motion. What causes the motion of the air? Generally heat, or
the zone of the deserts which border upon regions bathed by the rains of the tropics.} change of temperature. When any part of the air is heated by the sun, or otherwise, it ex-
Australia is the dryest and poorest of the continents. pands, and becomes specifically lighter, and ascends into the higher regions of the atmos-
shere. The colder and denser air xvhich surrounds the mass thus rarified, rushes in to supply
es the motion, or current of air we eall wind. How do winds always
on the surface of the earth blow from the north to the south,
here the wind will blow from the south to the north A
,and play alternately the part of cause and effect.
f On which of the grand divisions does the greatest depth of rain annually fall? In fits place and produc
which part of South America is there most yain? In which part of North America is! blow? In circles. If the wind
there mostrain? In which part of Europe? Asia? Africa? Australia? Are there} jn the higher regions of the atmos}
any portions on the two continents on which it never rains! How far do the zone of de-} directly contrary current always prevails. Into how many classes are winds divided? Why
serts in Africa and Asia extend? On which centinent falls the greatest depth of water are the constant winds called Trade-winds? What are the external limits of the trade-winds t
annually? At what place does the greatest quantity of water fall? How many inches} By what is the region marked where the two polar currents meet? Is this zone of calms
of water fall at Maranham? How many feet ? north or south of the equator in the Atlantic? In the Pacific? In the vicinity of the Cape
Verde islands isa tract, called by mariners “The Rainy Sea,” subject to continual calms,
broken by short and sudden gusts, and terrific storms of rain, thunder and lightning.
Near the Gallapagos islands a dead calm is often broken by violent squalls, tempests
and whirlwinds, accompanied by torrents of rain. What are the Periodical Winds called?
WINDS,
Winds exert the chief influence over the atmospheric condition which produces rain.
They are usually divided into three classes : the Constant, Periodical, and Variable winds.
1, Tur Constant Winns consist of that vast current of air in the torrid zone, which
| from one end of the year to the other, blows regularly from the east to the west. On TE OCEAN CURRENTS.
} ascount of their advantage to commerce, in always affording a steady breeze to ships{ The ocean, like the atmosphere, is subject to the most varied motions. These are pro
-arious causes,—as the action of the winds, the influence of the sun and moon,
crossing the Atlantic and Pacific, they are denominated “ Trade Winds.” These winds} duced by
are caused by the heat of the sun and the rotation of the earth from west to east. From} the difference of temperature in different parts, the inequality of evaporation, and the
the vertical position of the sun, the region within the tropics is intensely heated, and the air | rotation of the earth from west to east. ‘l’hese, and probably other causes, disturb the
at the surface is highly rarified and ascends into the upper regions of the atmosphere, while j equilibrium of the waters and create those currents, or oceanic rivers, that exist in the
the denser air of the colder regions, from the north and the south, rushes in to supply its several oceans. Among these are two which are very yemarkable. The jirst is the
" Jace. ‘Thus, on the surface of the earth are established two currents from the poles tof movement of the tropical waters westward round the globe, termed the equatorial cur:
the equator,—and in the higher regions of the atmosphere, two currents, which flow from 4 rent,—-and the second, that which flows from each pole towards the equator, deuominated
the equator to the poles, to commence again the same rotation. If the earth remained at polar currents.
rest, a north wind would prevail in the torrid zone, north of the eguator,—and a south 1. The equatorial current prevails between 30° north and 30° south latitude, and flows
wind, south of it; but as these winds sweep from the poles and higher latitudes, where} from east to west at the rate of two to three miles an-hour. Like the trade-winds, it is
the velocity with ‘which the earth revolves is inconsiderable, and are constantly passing | disturbed in its progress by the continents which arrest its progress and cause the waters
into regions which have a greater eastern velocity than themselves, they are left behind, to flow in very different, and often opposite directions, to their original course. 2. The
and appear to move in a direction contrary to the rotation of the earth, namely, from} polar currents are caused by the difference of temperature between tine tropical and polar
east Tomes ; seas. The colder and heavier waters of the polar ‘regions tend perpetually to flow
The external limits of the trade-winds are about 30° north and south of the equator ; towards the warm and lighter waters of the equator, and to displace them. Their exist
but each limit diminishes as the sun advances to the opposite tropic. This great equato-f ence is proved by the great masses of ice which are carried every year from the polar
rial current would blow regularly round the globe if the continents did not bar its pas-} seas to tropical Jatitudes. For currents in the Atlantic ocean, see pase 45. In conse-
sage and disturb its course at numerous points. The trade-wind of the Atlantic is impeded } quence of these currents, or these permanent streams,—the waters of the sea wingle from
in its march by America,—that of the Pacific by Asia and Australia,—and that of the} pole to pole, and move with ceaseless flow from the Pacific to the Indian cccan, aud from
this to the Atlantic, and this unending agitation preserves their health and punty. They
Indian Ocean by Africa,
The region where the two polar currents meet, 1s In a kind of equilibrium, and is} carry with them the temperature of the regions whence they flow, and he ihs winds,
®. marked by a “zone of calms” In the Atlantic, this zone occupies on an average the they tend to equalize differences, and soften extremes.
F apace between the 3d and 8th degree of north latitude, and in the Pacifie, from 2° north a
5 ‘ :
| a a sou ee Hence, in the Atlantic, the southern current blows beyond the To what are the waters of the ocean subject? What causes these motions? Whatia
4 ort . « . . ;
: the motion called which is produced by the ds? Waves. B
| ‘or to th iS See ; é ( y the winds aves, the sun aud moon}
B | ; 2. Cee Ori in the Indian Ocean, and are called Monsoons,} Tides. What two remarkable currents are there? Where Aeethe equatorial canna
pea ‘As 4 : Feiss fee signifying seasons. They blow one half of the year,— } unite with that from the Indian ocean? .In what direction does it flow from the Cape of
Ce a ie - 0 agi t ie Soules to the northeast,—and the other half,—from Good Hope? In what direction from the Gulf of Guinea? Where is it arrested in its
Octek ae es an SE the ou eo constitutes in India,# passage and its waters divided? In what direction does the northern current flow from
y season,” i 1 some variations, 1e dry season” The mon-} Cape St. Roque? Throug! what loes it pass to reach tl Mexico ? y
goons are but a modification of the trade-winds, caused by the relati siti aaa ete Se ae Gull oF Ne ee
: 3, caus ative position of the sur-}1s 1t called when it leaves the Gulf of Mexico? What is th "s
i D yeaa é Me: at is the course of the Gulfstream !
une page fad the effect of the sun’s heat upon it in its annual progress from one} Is * probable that there are wnder-ewrrents in the sea—flowing in an opposite direction
. : : to that on the surface? Itis. Otherwise, the waters at the poles would soon he exhau
, i i a on. th ace % S. se, é é » exhauste
a e oe nee ten catain a eS pea also be termed Periodical j and the ice from which they are partly derived. Do the drifts of ice in the ee
inds, g y; er of hours, the wind blows from the sea tojor in the southerm hemisphere extend nearer to the equator ?
Ng a _1. TRE WORLD.
The entire surtece of the earth cor
YITISes about 200,000.01
about one quarte
r of this is land—tl
remain:
og three quarters are water
Ciestions, What is the superfici
extent of the earth’s surface? i
Proportion of the surface is land ?
NINA NIN SS
Ze WATER.
The great bod
globe, is called “
bay lone- GQ NN
For the sake of convenience, different | est? Baflin’s? Chesaneake? 5 Gi MB ¥A
x LV apeake ¢ ; +
parts are called by different names,—as | ~~~! CONT i ‘ f hy
the Pacific, Atlantic, Mediterranean, 7. LAKES, SSS i { S
nlf of Mavy 7 sAnoal en r MAA WY
Gulf of Mexico, Bay of Bengal, &c. Names, Length Width: \\ \ \\y WK .
Questions, What name is applied to UM MuUes, Mn rviles, WYMAN au
the great body of salt water on the [Superior . . . 880 . . 7 2120 : S A. GG
globe ? Why are the Several basins, or} Baikal. , , a (O00) 3 eS ~ 195 S VRQ GAG
diiferent parts, called by different] Michigan. . . 830 . ° se « 60
names? Great Slave me OUOK ay fy Ah
a ea ron, 50; = 39
Winnipeg 240 0
3. UCEANS. rea One Stee
Names. Square Miles. Auiabascs 200) fe tec 20
: - ne ntar
Pacific 7 *Dout - 89,000,000 Ue) ae a8 ok meetin
- J acay bc ol 5
Atlantic, «“ . . 40.000.000 s So yuo sl te DV a) je) oe 00 3
Indian ‘ “ - « 20.000.000 OEE sear. a *) 0. "s) 7ek 6 40 Comparative
: Re Bete lega ee oF LI {
Southern : oS 10,000,000 Ladogo 125 ce cee 75 Norz.
Ar«tic ° 8 ae » « 9,000,000 Champlain . 193 Me ne See 19 recently discovered in the Southern ocean,
Note. The seas, bays, gulfs, &c., connected Nicaragua of a 2LZ0) © ae nt Questions,
with each ocean, are included In the foregoing Wenner ° 80 80 Into how man
estimate, It may be proper to remark, however, Malar : re eae 9 f many is the Western 9
that the exict 8 perticial extent of the several , a 5 wri hy : . : f 18 = : :
oceans is not known with certainty, nor the exact Lake ofthe W oods 70 oF ss) 6, 6) 20 aoe
sroportion of land and water. Geneva 50 0
pro; Cs Yc ais} eo) fet
‘ onstance , , 5
Questions. How many oceans are Moosehead aS fo he i
there? Which is the largest? What Cacnnn f igat mn oe ee 4 SAY
propeaon does the Atlantic bear to the Gores es Op me oe ee 3 SASS
’acific? What seas are connected with See US| Bae ay oO RQ {GQOoOo
the Atlantic? With the Pacific? Indian? | Qtestions, Which is the longest lake? ———
In what direction is the Pacific longest 7
‘he Atlantic? Indien? Which ocean
contains the greatest number of islands?
™ eT A NAS Nm pom
4, SHAS,
Names. Length in Miles.
Mesliterranean abont us 2000
Ceribbean. Le s pee ROD
China . fs ome « 100
Rediiaa 2. os te es LAO
JANADE 4). = ; se O06
Black as 6 Se e 9389
Caspinn , , ~ ’ > »« 640
Baltign 2 s as ‘ 600
Okhotsk > “ s Sale 600
White 3 ce ee cera hs 450
Aral 6 oh ee ae 250
Norr. The Caspian and Aral are salt lakes.
Although several large rivers empty
into them,
they bave no outlet,
These are usually called
gens, And as such are given in the foregoing table,
The Dead sea belongs to the same class, The
Water of lakcs, or seas, that have no outlet is
generally salt, or brackish, This j
This is owing, it
BUpDp sed, to the saline
gy
matter washed into them
from the land. The heat of the atmosphere eva
Re ates the water und leaves the saline particles
Lisid. If the Caspian, Aral, and Dead seas had
an outlet, probsbly their watera w ould be pure
god sweet.
.
Questions, Which is the longest sea on
the clobe? How long is the Mediterra-
nea? W*th what ocean is it connect
ed? Which is the next longest? With
what ocean is that connected? In what
direction is the, Mediterranean longest ?
Caribbean. Shina? Red? Which ocean
has law greatest number of seas connect-
ed with it? With what ocean is the
Caspian connected? If it has no outlet,
what becomes of the water of the nu-
merous rivers that flow into it? What
Is the probable reason for the Saltness
fits waters?
SEO
&. GULFS.
Names, Length in Miles.
BIPRCOu =, « aboub . . . - 1,000
valifornia , , cs Site st 600
Hersian. . . s aah eee 500
Wenicay .°. 6 Are 420
Bothnia : « Se ae 420
St. Lawrence 6 6 hoe 300
E inland “ ee ere | 250
Nork, The difference between a gulf and bay
is this: A bay is wide
the capes, or headland
it extends into the Jan
Bengal, Biscay, &c.
st at the opening between
8, aDd gradually narrows as
d,—s= the bay of Honduras,
C » While a gulf is comparatively
narrow at its opening between the eupes, and
wider as it extends inJand,—as the gulf of Mexico,
Ven'ce, &c. Baftin’s bay, Chesapeake bay, and
simi ar others, are more properly gulfs. It is to
be rsgrutted that geographical terms have been
mo often improperly applied to portions of land
snd water. But since these names have been
applied to them by mankind. xo author feels at
0 square miles;
Whs
I OOO
y of salt water on the
The Sea,” or “ Ocean.”
GENERAL
Questions, Which is the
How long is the culf
what direction is the
longest? Persjan ?
the difference betwe
n- of Mexico? J]
‘
a Venice? W hat
en a bay anda cult
al G. BAYS.
at [Fe -
Names,
Questions. Wuichisthe longest bay
In what direction is Hudson’s
In what direction is lake Supérior long
est? Baikal? Michigan? Erie? In
what zone are most of the lakes ?
BAAD SS ™.
8. RIVERS.
Length in Miles.
Names,
NEN \
Amazon S28 6 0 8 ge ye 4ENNE =IRYQRQRR AFKQAAA
Mississippi 1 vw inte) 2 OC000 S600Mi
Missouri 3100 IW . WS - SY
oot Te Pad ee ry eh WEY WO .
ARRAUSAS i Geis oe he iw . 2.000 SS \N i QA
Rio Grande del Norte . . oe DOO f : i
Parana te. se eee 2000 Comparative view of Asia and
Volga ‘fom ied ey oe 000
Obi Bie fe ee we) ej re) or OOD WN WRT Wa
Yenisel ; se ee = 20007 4). QW Gj MCK CG GG,
Lena BR) ie ©, or telcos ee SOON RRS ROP OLAS" Vi EAs
1c MG GW QV Qa MwW
Amour te oe ey oe ee 12000 STDs Ny WL IQG WG
RANE ay a 2,000 Sk X NW \ RNIN GAG
iano a s «es 000 MAG QJ A A\ 4X NIN QIN \
Cambodia 2.000 WAN WS ~ REE) RRS RR
i f Oe ee A 5 WG \ RM MKYAWWWDAVKH_ MAGGS GGG
Nile od ee ey 2000 YY CDA VG NEESERERN
Niger 2.000 SIOZ LER YY MG GGG AGG
‘ ~ « . . . . . . . . ms N Net: OS ~\ MWAH SY SS MON SS SY »
Danube Si ie) ws eats) el teh oe G00 QQ SS) Ry WX GG \ SNS MW G
Ganges 1,600 A SS AYVAASS MMA AAA SN WIT QQ
- ae . . . . . + . . 5 WY) PAN . . \ MQ q7r \ j AS
Colombians... 2 «= 40500 SEO 72/6 OSETIA. YO—CDp—e ROR NUE \\
. so: . SERS S WA S WEN WOR
Orinoco . Se es) te ey oe D0 S OY WY QP \\N QA A WY
Madeira 1.500 NS WG WO QQ XK \
MiCa Cee ed ee 1,500
paces Sei oi Ma Ree ge 000 Comparative view of Europe, Africa, &c,
suphrates sid! s) @ fel s,s er 0) :
Bamaputra: . 6 4 3 < fe er 1tDUO Norte. Oceanica, the hamé recently applied to the numerous islands of the Pacific ocean, comprises
Irrawaddy 1.500 about 5,000,000 square miles, and 20,000,000 inhabitants.
ter Chet ea cee eee 1800 Questions. Which is the largest grand division? Which is the second largest ?
Indus oe © 6 e © « « « 1,300] The third? Fourth? The smallest?
Kansas is Sle nur eG) 1900 os
° PA NI NI NP NEP Ne NP Ne NP NP NNN NP NP ee
St I’rancisco Nh eee 1'200 lOO ees ee
ALCP AV ees fk Ao eek On 11. ISLANDS,
pone Roe da) fleas race Names. Sq. miles, Population.; Names. Sq. miles. Population.
ellowstone , Sy et ee VL ; , p .
Ohio : 1,000} Australia about 3,000,000 460,000 Hayti oo 29,000 900,000
Saskatchawan Se ae 1000] Greenland « 880,000 40,000 Van Diemen’s Land 28,000 80,000
McKenzie’s oe ae 1.000 Borneo ee 800,000 8,000,000 Nore. The inhabitants of Australia consist of
Calan 1c a Car ee 1.000 New Guinea “ 250,000 400,000 about $95,000 Emre penne and 65,000 natives, The
r ACO. Sich Sct) oe es ’ adagasear *& 990.00 300,000) first Europenn settlers were convicts transported
Madagascar 220.000 300,0( ‘ 's_ tral
Uruguay. . he) ce ee O00 I rete fe yy, 500.000. from England to Botany Bay, in 1788. Since that
Pileomayo Coe) oe) a es cc tae O00 Sumatra 160,000 8,500, 0( 0 time, many thousands of the same class have been
Magdalena 1,000 Celebes i (0,000 2,000,000 sent thither, Within a few years, several thou-
D Pane Sec eis "ano Great Britain “ 83,126 19,657,925 | cand yoluntary emigrants have settled among
AAS Ee a Sete dee te Dy New Zealand “ 62,000 160,000 them. Many of the convicts lead good lives,
BaeuES mete Ok ® 1,000 Newfoundl’d * 57,000 100,000 | have become rich anf respectable.
foo Se mca: from a ani: o M81 Java “6 52.000 4,230,000; Questions. Which is the largest is-
| Cc Ww l 16 7 1s3IS8IPpl, 18 oO, { mites ong. “ 9 EC. 9 a < ° x A _ :
Its length has usually been given from its source | Cuba < 42,385 1,200,000 land? Which is the largest, auisiralle
to the gulf of Mexico—4,000 miles. The Missouri Iceland « 40,000 60,000. or Europe? How many square mules is
is longer than the Mississippi above their junction, Treland 4s 31,874 7,767,400 Greenland supposed to contain? Bor-
c aA ve +. ay < , 1A . | Y ~ 7. . c
curly explored, 1 probabhyiwoad hawt pect tt | Mindanao“ ~——-80/000-—'900,000| neo? New Grainea?
Ve a 4 , U 3 JOB Oe
garded as the principal river. The Amazon ia
from 150 to 180 miles wide at its mouth, _ The
Rio de La Plata is formed by the Parana and
Uruguay, From their junction, it is 180 miles to
At Buenos Ayres, the river is 30
miles wide, and at its mouth 160 miles.
Questions, Which is the longest
river? In what direction does the
Amazon flow? Mississsippi? Missouri?
Obi? How many rivers 2,000 miles long?
How many 1,600? 1,500? Which is
largest at their junction, the Missouri or
Mississippi? How wide is the Amazon
Oerty to aller or change them,
longest enIf?
gulf of California
Lengthin Miles,
; A :
Hudson 8 « abont = < LOND REA ASS XAGGGG GGG
Baffin S: ‘ &“ oe 600
Chesapeake 66 95
. 20)
ND COMPARATIVE VIEWS.
eee ee
n
The two continents are
is | large islands, in the cre;
5
WRN
GY SS
WE
MCW GG
iors sy.
a
RAY
OOSH Hy
SIMrT
Mg
at body of w
9. L:
y Separated by w
ater that surrou
entirel
~
AND
\ EST alo
|
Si
\
\
Sy
\
La.
|
r
[N
<M
IR
WY
im
ater, and are, in fact, but two
nds the globe.
WON
VR AY
MOO
Wn
SG
RQ
SW
View of the two Continents.
Some seogrnphers call Australia, or New Holl
has been called t
How much larger is the
y grand divisions is the
Eastern than
Easte
w
\REP EN A SEMAN 3
NAN
NAA GQ G93
ANH
QV
< ‘ SS
\ KK S \
MAYERS
WIG
SQ
and, a continent:
he Southern co
10. GRAND DIVISIONS.
ntinent.
and the body of land
the Western continent $
m continent divided? Into how
MM (Ww G
POP SGI NTE
SX SS Ry INN AGG
™C™WYCIQANQ\’wo gg
NUMER ECA
IR NI
12. COUNTRIES, EXTENT AND POPULATION.
NORTH AMERICA.
Names.
United States . 8,260.07:
British America 2,255,401
Mexico. . . 1,100,000
Russian Possessions 394,000
at its mouth? The La Plata?
Greenland ., 380,000
Central America 265,740
West Indies, , 90.185
1
Sq. miles. Pomiation.
23,256,792
2,652,195
13. S0UTH AMERICA,
Sq. miles, Population.
Names.
Brazil .
Buenos Ayres
7,200,000} Venezuela. .
GG:000 seen) 1.0.
40,000} New Grenada
2,162,000] Patagonia, .
8,603,746! Equador °
2.300,000
1,009,000
774,000
524,000
880,010
$80,000
325,000
7,560,000
1,680,000
1,250,000
1,400,000
2,200,000
120,000
600,000
AUMPICA, continued,
SOUTIT
70 Sq. miles, Popsdation,
ai WINES,
Bolivia. . . . 818090 1,700,000
Chili oy tee 144,000 1,200,009
Guiana. oe 126,000 164,695
Uruguay 120,000 140,006
Paraguay . . . 74,000 260,000
OOOO ee
14. EUROPE.
Names, Sq. miles. Pomilation,
Russia cee 2,120,897 60,363,315
ZATISUEIS) = 0) ee 255,226 87.448 .033
l’rance eine 203,736 85.400.486
Rurkeye 5 45 «Sgide0 15,500,000
Spain « + « 176,480 13,705.500
Swedent <4 e5 A705 8,399 341
Norway 121,725 1,828,471
Naples, or the two
Siouies: =) 41,521 § 493.816
Sardinia; 2 = 28,83 4,916,087
Lombardy. , 18290 4.400.195
States of the Chur’h 17,048 2.908115
Tuscany A 8,712 =: 1,696,483
Ranma. «..¢ 2.124 494,737
Modena. , 2,073 589,458
Thucca 4 6.
Monaco . 50 7,000
San Marino . 21 7,600
Italy, ie ae 118.729. 23.440 87
England ; 51,205 16.854.121
Ireland “ 28,095 6,516,081
Scotland , $1,268 2 S77.105
Wales , ; (268 1.188
Gt, Brit’n & Ireland 117,831
Prassig. «; , 3 lORS00 16,346,325
Bavaria « = - 28.485 4,519,546
Saxony . . . 5,75 1,894,481
Hanover . 14,600 1,773,711
Wirtemberg . 7,568 1,802,259
Baden.) me 5,712 1862.74
Hesse-Cassel , 4.430 754,590
Hesse-Darmstadt 8.761 852.679
Hesse-Ilomburg 206 24,208
Mecklenburg-
Schwerin . 4701 686,724
Mecklenburg-Strelitz 997 96,292
Holstein | (To Den-3,168 420, 0110
Lauenb’g f merk) 451 45,000
INessail Ga. 1,736 427,915
Luxemburg (To
Holland). . 2,420 275,000
Oldenburg . 2.470 278,080
3runswiek. . 1,525 268,943
Saxe- W eimar-Bise-
nach. . 1,408 261,870
Saxe-Meiningen
hildburghausen 968 163,328
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 790 149,753
Saxe-Altenburg 49] 131,780
Lippe-Detmold 445 104,674
Schauenburg-Lippe 205 28,887
Schwartzburg-Rudol-
Btadti i = 405 69,656
Schwartzbureh-Son-
dershausen 858 60,002
Reuss-Lobenstein 448 60,060
Reuss-Greitz 140 80.000
Anhalt-Dessan $60 63.700
Anhalt-Bernburg 839 50,411
Anhalt-Cothen 818 43.12C
Waldeck. . . 455 58.219
Hohenzollern-Siema-
ringen a 383 49.830
Hohenzollern-Hechin-
gene sy 56 21,009
Lichenstein , 52 6.851
Hambure . . 149 188,054
Frankfort - 91 70,244
Sremen. . 112 72,320
UDEC) as ce 142 47,197
German States 95,085 16,677,425
Portugal te 84500 $8,412,500
Denmark sive 21,856 2,296,597
Switzerland . . 15,261 2890,118
Greece . . > 18,244 1,052,900
Holland: 4. 18,890 98,267,688
Beleiumy =) i « 11,3138 4359,090
Note. The kingdom of Naples, or The Two
Sicilies, consists of Naples and the island of Sicily.
The area of the whole kingdom is estimated at
41,521 square miles, of which Naples contain
29,021, and Sicily 12,500 square miles. The king-
dom of Sardinia is composed of several countries
in the northwestern part of Italy and of the island
of Sardinia. The Rats extent of the kingdom is
28,830 square miles, of which the island of Sardi-
nis contains 9,100, and the continenta! part 19,730
square miles. The present Germanic Confedera-
tion was formed June 8th, 1815. It presents the
semblance of a political whele, which in reality,
yossesses no strength, even in time of peace. The
vonfederation can be considered only as an imper-
fect union, directed chiefly by the two most power-
fal members, Austria and Prussia, It is svident
that the time will soon come, when Germany will
be united and enjoy that liberty and independenes
for which it has so long sighed, The whole of
Germany comprises an area of 247,438 square
miles, and $8,204,000 inhabitants. Excluding tho_ sie abies
i
|
64.
ta belunging to Austria and Prossia, the re-
mainder of the German states contain 95,0S5
square miles, and 16,674,425 inhabitants, #s given
In tne foregoing table. In regard, however, to
Austra aud Prussia, it must be remembered, that
ehe foregoing table, does not include Lombardy.
“The Republic of the Jonian Islande’ embraces
seven islands on Lhe const of Greece, and contains
about 1,000 square miles, and 250,000 inhabitants,
Ne ae 9
—~N OEE kind ?
supposed to
pee To what are the various T
Namzs, Sq. miles. Population. } of mankind owing? To th
Chinese Empire.. 5,300,000 860,000,000 } views in regard to the CO
SHiLinh) cocoopaue . 5,100,000 9,001 ),000 invisible Being, or Deitiz @nc
liindostan..... .. 1,800,000 135,000,000 of worshipping him.
ATADIE cis oclcl ... 1,000,000 42,000,000
Farther India.... 875,000 22,000 000} o9, POPT
Independ’t Tartary 700,000 6,000,000
Dersiae ee> eee. 400,000* 11 ,000,000
MOT Ke ye ee cnc 487,000 10,000,000
Afzhanisten..... 300,000 7,000,000
DADAD Ee oe ote <r .. 226,000 20,000,000
Beloochistan .... 150,000 1,000,000
Caucasus..... -o. 122,000- 1,000,000} rontreal....+-2+++*s ey, cis
Nor. There is much uncertainty respecting Quebec
the statistics of many of the countries of Asia. | Toronto
The foregoing table has been compiled with great Ihalifax
caro from the most authentic sources, and 18 aS fa 1 1p
St. Johns, N. B
Kingston
accurate as our present means Of knowledge Wu
admit of.
ILI II LL AA NA AA AAA
16. AFRICA.
According to the most correct esti- | Boston
mate, Africa contains about 10,500,000 | Providence
square miles, and 61,000,000 inhabitants. | Lowell
Our knowledge of it is confined mostly | Portland ...-----+:
wo its outlines, A great portion of the} New Haven
interior, is to us, what it was to the an- | Manchester
cients three thousand years ago, & Jand {Salem .... ---+s++:
Roxbury..--+ +++:
of mystery. It is true, 4 few travelers,
Park, Hornemann, Denham, Clapper-
ton, and Lander, have lifted the myste-
rious veil from certain portions, yet far
the greater part bas never been visited
by civilized man. Consequently, so lit-
tle is known of the countries of Africa,
except those near the coast, that no esti-
mate of their extent or population can
ge given with any accuracy. In fact,
we know little of it beyond one hundred
and fifty miles from its shores.
Questions. What is the probable ex-
tent of Africa? Population? To what
is our knowledge of Africa mostly con-
fined? What travelers have penetrated
into certain portions of Africa? Can we
make any correct estimate of the extent
and population of the countries in the
tnterior of Africa? Why not? Why
fs not Africa as well known as Europe ¢
Suppose Africa was inhabited by civil-
ized and enlightened nations, what
would by the consequence?
PIS
PESO
17. EXTENT AND POPULATION
27 THE GRAND DIVISIONS
OF THE GLOBE.
Names, Sq. miles. Population.
WAIST AY: 51s ies _...- 16,000,000 600,000,000
i Git ganacaso0ac 10,500,000 60,000,00)
North America . $8,000,000 $9,000,000
South America.. 7,000,000 18,000,000
Kurope...-.---- 8,500,000 263,000,000
Oceanica ..----- 5,000,000 20,000,000
Questions. Which is the largest Grand
Division of the globe? Which is the
most populous Grand Division? What
4s the extent and population of the 2d
largest? Of the 3d? Of the 4th? Of
the smallest? To what is the name of
Oceanica applied? To the numerous
islands of the Pacifie ocean. What is
the probable extent and population of
Oceanica? Which is the least populous
Grand Division ?
IIS LS A A PA AA ALA, ee ir
18. RACES OF MEN.
Names. Number.
1. Cancasian race about 460,000,000
2. Mongolian s «420,000,000
8, Neero or black “ “ 66,000,000
Malay “6 & 34,000,000
5. Indian “6 10,000,000
Questions. Into how many races are
mankind divided? Which race, or va-
riety, is most numerous? What nations
does the Caucasian, or European, race
include? (See Geog. p. 48.) Which is
the next most numerous race? What
nations does the Mongolian race in-
alude? Which is the 3d most populous
race? Where are negroes found? In
Afriea, Australia, New Guinea, and
Van Dieman’s Land, also in the United
Btates, West Indies, and in South Ame-
rica. Where sre the Malays found?
Which of these races bas taken the lead
in clyilization, in the arts, sciences, &,
1, Pagans ...----
{t ja coly their Germanic provinces, which are 2, Christians ..--
considered as parts of Germany, or of the Ger- 9 3. Mohammedans
manic Confederation. The extent of Austria, ini 4 J
yailing rel
includes the great
How many
be? Mohamme‘
Springfield .... ---4
Fall River ...-.---
Lawrence ....++---
Chickopee ...-+++: Mass.
Augusta ....--+--+:
Dorchester ..-. >
aT eine
Montpelier .....-
MIDDLE
Williamsburgh ....
Schenectady.....
Jersey City .......New Jersey..
Boras siaieie a NOW. UCISCY.s =
ee Feo New. York. <
ccoeees NOW Jersey...
Se ocean O OIL even.cie <iets a 00
dai eeIN Oly, SLOLK
Burlington ........New Jersey..
Siuraiok New York...
GENERAL AND
19. RELIGIONS.
Number.
572,000,000 | New Castle...-----
252,000,000
153,000 000
3,000,000
about
“
“
What are tl
igions of the
TLATION OF
ITIES ON T
North Americae
BRITISH AMERICA.
UNITED STATES.
EASTERN STATES.
Worcester..-.++--: Mass. ..-
Newburyport . ...-Mass
New London..
New Brunswick...New Jersey..
,. New York...
re-
1 oe Charleston .....---
Washington.....--
Savannah ....--
>) Richmond .....---
Mobile ..--yeeeeee 4
Petersburg .--- -+- i
Norfolk ..-. -«-++:
Wilmington...-..-
Alexandria...-.+->
world?
est number of man-
Christians are there
lans? Jews:
liefS
sir diversified
r of the
1e Modes
eer
HE GLOBE.
STATES,
Penn
New York..
New Jersey.
New York..
ENG Wwe DUOnK:.;
New York..
New York..
New Jersey.
New York.. 17,250
15,825
. Ne
a aS
i attr me ep RE
Garlisle'...-«c-+=°*
Columbia ..-..---::
Chambersburg ----
Zaltimore..-.-<++-
New Orleans
Portsmouth
Mass 2g ant Cincinnati .. ..----
aS 3 ait '
Se cise si siee ASS. o 2-2 e LBD SEED ATIS icine
Par SSE MEA TEGQO emer
Se ae Mass 2 N00 Louisville ..-. «++;
samira aa eae ie one 96 850 San Francisco ..--
Conn ae 99 550) hicago civetele come
ue New 19,000 Detrou BOC E a:
Vie Mass 18.93 Milwaukie ..-.----
rere Si pie erst naei® +4 rn Nashville le ee eye
eIMUSS. ee ee 888 sO) PUA ma
Sf oe Conn. ..-.-+-18,000 Cerca oe
Tow . aca 6.500 DUS. cc eeeeet
New Bedford pie e/2ie.n WEKSE Gone 5o0 ts Sacramento
+s tooe ot Zanesville. +...
Cambridge .----+-: Mass. ...- +> 14,8501 7 eee
Maine 1450) New Albany
ae ae M: 13.630 Govington <..- «a.
oeiswrateea a a TaKG 1 1350 Madison ....-+-+::
> ale 295 Z
BSS aoe : 11/200 Steubenville
BSSu cies) ciel 2 me
Conn BO Pre POre a c-2 2 2cc:
En aatee Ne tei Mass 10.150 Mares aYe\etaja sla ele®
OOS New Hamp... 9,800 Racine a: Sractaleisie
ees R. Island .-..9,600) eo 4 te Ci
re 9550 Sandusky City
Conn 0000) Snrlington
Sveveisiele Conn S00 eater Seis
Sanenelern= ..New Hamp... 8,660] 7 441, Rock
Mass 2 400) Little Rock
SGy ee eeren iG) 5! F Toledo
Maine 800 Ney RC ts
: : Du Buque......--- I
Ee resin icles P MainO uses... o000 xe
shes ie lowa City.....----
Eyeiciefeieiels Conn 7,690 :
Maa 7 mon Madison .....-see-
EB leisiciclelsie = Mass 2-2 oe 0000
pacilesiaiele Conn 0004 . ;
seceees New Hamp... 5,850) Salt Lake City ....Utah
Mass Ba Santa Cc cmieieiseu
Bir genatle sis SQN cee claiOnhe Se
ie gte, ee Connon nee 5500 St. Ratiariccieste ster
oe. Vermont 9.250 St. A nthony
Se caste Conn... ..... 5,150) Oregon City
B eicleiners .. Mass 5,060 Stillwater ....-----
Be Seve cies Gone 04. Astoria ...+
MigertOllcscsiniae so R. IME Mb Gase 4.709
riciepineis Conn 4.675
>
4.6504 Mexico.....
4.6364 La Puebla.
4.545 1 Guadalaxara
4.150] San Louis Potosi
Quaretaro
Oaxaca .....>
Juanaxuato
50,000] Colima .....----+-+-
. 96.850 | Merida ..... eee ereeeceee
. 50.000
46.500
43,300
SS8'900 NleeOue canisters sieisiel= we Ae
36,600} Guatimala, Old,
80,0004 Cartago ......-. e
28,800) St. Salvador.....
22.300
21,400
12,100 Kingston, Jamaica,
eae San Tuan, P. Z2.,
- 12.599 | Matanzas, Cuba,
. 12,2001 St. Jago
. Loe Port au Prince, Zayti,
7,00
. 9.550 OOOO a
. 8,926 ,
8,100
7,900
7,625
75 04 Bogota...
6.S00 5
6,300
6,050
EET
4,720) | Valencia....
COMPARATIVE VIEWS.
ZOTNC co cows cess cccecssevescse®
Tarichticc. octicumeeeetementieds ta0eN
SOUTHERN STATES.
ON oo Guia paca Cee) ohare eg aysccsurace neon cane Te
>THE PRIN-| Columbus...---++-4
Colum)ia ..-+++++*
Galveston ..-. «<<:
Fredricktown ..---
Macon ..---++**:°°
Population. | Nevsbern sc. css
520 Maysville Ease asieeiele
Vicksburg .... ««--
Annapolis..--++---
Baton Rouge
21,120 Mikinbl 4 oqggoouUces
! St. Augustine..----
Raleigh ...----++::
Rio JaneirO......-----eeeeeers
Pernambuco. -oceeeeeee
Seregipe Del Rey
Assumption... ..-.
GOPdOVAe cacle cic wlcie win iv elciciclaieisivie
———<$— TT EO
Indianapolis.....+- Indiana
ecw rerer ese ener ease
Heese Eats botnidianac so GUI perdean’ cc. cee
cas ceo ccueetvocsses i Gottenburg. Lee
Guatimala, Wew,.....-..--+---- 50,000
ee ee
Havana, Cuba,
Puerto Principe, Cuba
21. South America.
6,960 PO GRT RUM ee) cos ack ous
6.950 | Carthagena
St. Martha.-...... +.
ee
Lombardy and Venice.
Sielareiereereairien ys cos000
, Caraccas....
..- 5,650} Maracaybo ..
5.400] Cumana..... Cremona 28.000
BWITZERLAND.
Conlon RE ieee eco cas=« 25 0Ue
Basilz, or Basle .....+++ese-eee- 25,0C€
24,00c
GERMAN STATES.
Bacwria,
Munich e«ccces ccc cncciewiaiesiee 115,00€
Nuremburg....ccesseeee cocees 40,00f
Wurtzburg ..------ cesen welesisia 28,00¢
Wurtemourg.
Stuttgard.....-+--eeeeees vevese 39,006
Oph GoaGe Pe eee erases uuu
Baden,
Garlsruhe.....-e2e . AOE ae aeagUOn
Manbeim....+++-. <eleole obice ee LgUUU
Saxon,
Dresden...... joe 1 ae one eta UUG
Weipelclinae cee +c o> ee eee Os00R
Hanover.
TAN OVC arccclelcice/s iar _ cee oe Sao eOud
Gottingen..... Bieiisiciecs en's 6 Soleo eeUUG
Free Cities in Germany.
Hambureeceiecs cake clos csc . 145,000
WrankiOrbere. cress cic. Miers sieeve eve’ 59,000
Bremen sec ereuiacorsicis tice Se eisleiniels 53,000
WuUDCCs cece e's a OO NOORGCOCOOOOOOL ANAL
HOLLAND.
Amsterdam......... Se reeecee 220,000
Rotterdat ce oes cence noe ett 8, 000
The Hague...... 0.02002 020005 -66,000
Wirechtinec ss cos co mace cee sles «40,000
BELGIUM,
BTUSSEISicree sie lasisin sistent eek ewe 6 20000
Ghent. - cece cscscsuceicecmerre. 116,000
Antwerp .-+-++-- ae cons oienienin cebu, QUO
Liege .. 2s. eeeeeeccccnccevccens 10,000
FRANOE,
PariSacs se eacisiene cece ceienic ec, OO0
WSVODS en sciejeisielosaicieisionie we see ~ 200,000
Marseilles a fen catecinivee eerie. oa LO,UUU
Bor deauknce cc cic ce cdleticvclcnesietlalwuun
RONEN c -jcarciswcisivis Sain iicts Cele et > (22,000
MOULOUSG:« cee oe sie ate eves tele eco otto, 000
IN@NUES! cine ines wie eiole Bietetciors Breicie cous OU
NISL @ieicroivetercieleieiecers Gok ia GeieioreeteepteslOO
StraSbUrg.. 0. cee cnc ceccnces .. 04,000
MOULOM) coicicie cate cteteicle wielcivielcreiatcis 45,000
Orleans... 2% emis cine si eie wie OULD
RNEIMB erase ore eet we waisieia ss come OnUOU
AINICDS Ws arsisielese sicieieiowtniete veces ee 03,008
SPAIN.
MS0ride ceiacieincin s coerce « Asner 220,000
Barcelona ........- vce cnmess. 120,000
Seville; socal Sia s cinictenreclcsisiate 91,000
TTONACAs.. e crcleseierers alainicleisieiein efoto 80,000
ViGODCIA n.cic ciceiereteicrs stele iss eielale 66,000
Malaga .....2.se0e- einsieneecis ce OOMIUM
Cadiz. Siete cuisior ele siobinveits OS UUU
Cordoya...-.... ale rcie atl ele -eeee-. 46,000
PORTUGAL,
NGISDOM sciatica cielsicelsiersiere S aiesie'sies COU,000
OpPortO.-....cnceceecseses See. ee OU00
GOIMDIAs ssc cease She akiciesieateiets CULUUU
StMUDOS sc ticicietee > peieinivieisieinieisre eet o,UUO
ITALY.
Sardinia.
PUTIN cretesaecsistecieieters fe ci aieisics eis leo 000
JOTOB.. see aee snqsooconAnoooa Les
Nice.........-0s- Wecle cieinertis c eee OoUUU
Cacliari.. 6c. <sceicecwcennvlees ee c0.uUy
TUSCANY.
WIOTENCE ccc cessere aereate cine eeLUCUOL
OS NOL oa cleisieteicteinsinternis Selecta eiLOsUUU
States of the Church.
RomOivcs co seuute suc os coe oe kou,000
Bolocna +--+... cecesn + capeeieesies OF U0U
ANCONS co ccce cs be ae ee sees 20,000
Ravenngs..cccnce Sooo aeies 10 tk 0,000
Naples. ;
Naples... 0se+scicweses ones xe S00, 000
Palermo ce cactercoanercecictereievein ste LOU OIG
ALessin&. oor eo tiames vetoaicm ee otean OU0
Catania. ccsece cis ceinccmeeemat. O;000
TURKEY,
Constantinople... ..-+ esses eee. 575,000
Adrianople.... .ssesere cere cees 90,000
Bucharest... .secsceessss cece. 950,000
Salonicaves cociieseeene «ec ciesne = COWUG
Bonaserl sAcsosevatcciscseeccee es OU.U0U
Sophia... senescence sersereecces 50,600
Serres < ccicinien ielesic anwivies oc ulace’s 30,000
Widin (2 feccceuctess snccesemecouun
BESS Aenonepdcnccocbacaco cdo, LANL
Belgrade ......-0e0 weenncee ser 20,000
GREECE,
MAN ONS « c cacu. mre bisrc Seneca sie OU
Gorinth .. cscs cctee aoe e Oc
Mantua. sic cevisaaice cs mernmemenersCUU
INAVAMINO -s ces aceon rite Meeeiesien PA OenGENERAL AND COMPARATIVE VIEWS.
2 mAY aA + nprerad face
23. Asia, INDEPENDENT TARTARY, 26. THE LENGTH OF ONE DEGREE OF LONGITUDE FoR EVERY
SIBERIA® Bokhara 150,000 SAP ER AR Parris “i .
ra! OR NANG sn:< «anna vctewmemes eae ee 00, DEGREE OF LATITUDE, IN GEOGRAPHICAL MILES.
fopoak. =o 15.000} ORDaDE occ. os ee ee es 75,000 a
POU eee ; , 15.000 Samarcand S<\0/¢)6s\@ Maem: 0.2186 \eiaie oe 20,000 - Geograph. |Geograph, || Geograph. | Geograph. Geograph.
Pomske oe ee 10.04 0 [SUVA cerca cuece me eelien oo oe. 10,000 t.| Miles, Lat. Miles, | Lat. es. || Lat. Miles. Lat.| Mules.
3 Bm pis ow accuies coe 0,000 | —_/———_||__ mera
Ee rs aces Goa. 8,000 | PERSIA. 0 60,00 19 56.78 || 87 47,92 | 55 34,41 73 17.54
s JAPAN, Ispahan. Peete et tn es wesw nesses 100,000 1 59,99 20 | 56,38 || 88} 47,28 || 56 83,55 || 74] 16,58
POR eset «stad... ok 15000, 000 Felehan rer acts ces, cre, 70,000 2) 59,96 21 56,02 3$ 46,63 57 | 32,67 15 15,52
RIGACQ Mees aoe. eee BOO Odd Meanod ess cet.c. ss 35. ee 50,000 8} 659,92 22 | 55.68 40 | 45.96 58 | 81.79 76) 1451
GRE arts aie'a eRe eee TSOOOO NG aOELe lel screcics sc cnet cob a ct te 80,00u 4) 59,85 || 23] 55,28 |] 41} 45.98 || 59 30,90 || 77 | 18°50
50 77 © | ¢ f SO
CHINESE EMPIRE. GAUGAETE B paid || 241 54,81 |} 42 | 4459 |! 60 | 80, 78 | 12,48
REE. 2 Spee AT, 1,500,000) Tiflis... ...... 15,000 7| 5956 || 90) Sees |] 43] 4388 |] 61 | 29/08 |] 79] a1y45
ROOTES cs ie ] 000,000 erlvaviers. eo eae 10,000 f 59,96 26 03,93 || 44 43,16 62 28,17 80) 10,42
Hine Chow, 2.9.9 00 6 SUGAR, <<. Sree too eee 6,000 S| 942 |] 27 | 53,46 |] 45 | 4243 |] 63 | O74 || 81] —9'35
Nankine.c 2 amie to ots Sas WOUOOG I Se ee mece ee tee 9} 59,26 |) 28 | 52,97 || 46] 416s |] 64 | 26'31 |! 50 8.35
Norx. China contains a preat nuniber of very | TURKEY, 10 | 59,09 |) 29) 52,47 |] 47] 4/92 || 65 | e536 || a3 7,32
populous cities. Until lately, Canton waa the | DAMASCUS.............0..0.0-. 175,000 17 | 58,90.) 30 | 51,96 || 48 | 40,15 || 66 | 924’41 || eg | — 608
ny Port at which Europeans were allowed to|Smyrna....................007 150,000 12 | 59,69 || 81 | 51,43 || 49 | 89/36 | 67 | 23.45 || gs 5,28
trade. By a recent treaty, five scitleg Have heen | Bagdad .;.......¢.:k 5.0... 70,000 13 | 55,46 82 | 50,88 || 50] 89857 | 68 | 22.48 86 4.18
dinoy, Fow-tchens cot pu, nations, viz, Canton, | Aleppo Se epeds te 70,000 14 | 58,22 |] 83 | 50,82 || 51] 37,76 |] 69 | 21°51 || 97 8,14
wid: Ghamehaly 1g Ske Mame ee | Bessora’c...., 200 yk eee 60,000 7 57,95 || 84} 49,74 || 59] 36.95 70 | 20.52 || 98 2.09
: 6 | 57,67 85 | 49,15 53 | 86 7 95 89
wie FARTHER INDIA. : AG ARABIA, 17 57.38 86 48,54 54 | 3546 2 1855 90 000
POIROT ss! einisa gals seep aisigy a cnc 490,000'|/Sena ae... ee 40,000 18 | 57.06 | ’ ’
REQNO Sco oa ee 150,000) |(Meccae soc. ee a ake 28,000 a = Te oe aa
Meo oer eee, ee G0.000;) Medina: o.3 oo. eee eae 18,000} Nor. At the Equator, degrees of Longitude and Latitude are of the same length; but as we go
BADKOK, 50.55.45 cohen, ee. 60,000 |} Muscat 10.000 | fom the Equator, every degree of Longitude grows gradually less, until at the poles it terminates
wr | ISCAS «ao viemin'n cin aie ese ais cla c, 5 om 0, na point.
HINDOSTAN, | Mocha oo scot cae aa 5,000 Pe A a Le eee
Bonares. 3.800) ee: 75.000 | oe Ss > ers me bi soc e : =>
Madias = cee eee 895 000 | ~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ 27. DECREASE OF TEMPERA-]28. UNIVERSITIES IN EUROPE.
Patna...........0.00-2.0.4...,800,000 | 24. Africa. TURE ACCORDING TO THE ar eic
CONC EEa S cet eee we eo! 250,000 | LATITUDE. Fie Sales
Bombay cc, eee 250,000 | EGYPT, ee cay Sails
DAtra ee eee, x ROO COD Cal acc weves cs eecuececus: 250,000 = - a) &
ENOKNOW a5 Socee a vce 200,000) Alexandria. ¢.....:...0..0.. 30,000 ies = ee =e Sele
Hydmhadn ee ge POO OO [DAMPER con wa eeec sac k cate 30,000 | =e a Oxford, ....... England, }5000 1229
alii... 200,000 jc st] 2 Cambridge, ... % 15500/1263
spare <p.M ago Wale'n wn £0,000 | BARBARY STATES. is ol a London: co. Z as | 9600/1825
Kel ae a PRUMIS aivs.s'ssivsicncnticeslicenee ee 100,000 Pensis | King’s College, z | 30) 1828
.elat RM aie(0.w mo (peitelg a a'wis pic's bce .e ¢ 20,000 Alolars ee ao ee oe a ee 80,000 | ys) = | St. Andrews, al Scotland, | 2001412
Bela PS lp ie wie) ve a Ome ig 50 nie, © aieee 10,( 00 MOYOGGOs ooo cee eee ee 80.000 | a res 2 | Glasgow.. Bea. “ 1600/1454
AFGHANISTAN i ee ee ee ee 75,000 ye & | Aberd’n, King’s)
CAs irc cc cee ee su seen cs. 60,000 Mequinem: cc. cccoscecteeeto oi 60,000 S|3 $s] hehe [College| “ | $00)1506
CRNURAY Foose eget ee OO ORO) Constantia. <, gcc ps ceeeeesni<, 40,000 Ele oot | |= * Marischal)
EKA ait acer ee ee S000 Tripollic cc cc heen den cca creck 29,000 </2 > 3 be College a 275)1593
,000 | Tri (selec! ll ls : g f
aS S| ees tak Edinburgh, .. .| a 1350)1582
TS 2a ee ie 0/984 915907 | 46 °57.9| 7402 el lee wesnes Ueland, 2200 ne
AY _ ATTRYT 7a SHOITES | 7 FeO! wr 0% Montpelier, ... ‘TANCE SU) 118g
25. HEIGHT OF CELEBRATED MOUNTAINS, A) S81 2203 Hate aoe Peay 8 | “ ” — lropoltano
2) §4.1/1518% 48 5: RB rp peal . SK
a ae Soe rman yaaa sme ame Santsie7, | ‘Kl fg Toulouse, ..... s 1300/1238
Names. Country | Feet. | Miles, 8 54.0 15167 | {49 54.5) 6599 LYONS. . a ee “ | 32011300
z -- 4) 88.9)15135) |] | | Reine A 120'1409
Chumularee, or Dhawala-Girl,............... | Dhibet *. - 29,000 | 54 5) 83.8 15095 | (50, 93.6) 6334 Dolctlassi nen “i 250/143]
Borata, the highest in America,............... |) Boliviases 25,380 | 5 S) 88.6)15047| |] 151) 52.7) 6020 fF onCueTe = ++ “ 2951488
[llimani ; “ 21,780 | 4h 7! 88.4'14989' || |52) 51.8] 5808 Be ateibinieriejele.s Sale
BPALUREINLS so eel wia/miele s nic'a piv oid nikie bia we Mine « nie acide | i | ly 1 | 38 See hn Pal nent Bordeaux, es “ 120/144]
Chimborazo,.........cceseceescceeseseveeese] Equador, ..... 21,444 | 4h 8) 88.2}14923 0, LO) 0048 Nee ners «“ 880!1538
PUINNOGRKOOND ics cremeroe, aac ven ce ee | Afghanistan, | 20,601) | 82 9} 82.9)14848 4 50.0) 5290 Diet - 45011729
- * . Ag ¢ | ime a¢ Q 4 gee eweee uv “eZ
Cotopaxi, highest volcano in the world, ) auador: ..... 19,408 | 84 | JOS, 49.2) 508 Aon taiban, = 400'1800
ern 5 ere en ek us cena ean cee : | 19,150 | sa 10} 82.6/14764) || [56] 48.3) 4782 J BOntauban, ... : eveeeee
aie ghest in North America..... ' Russ: Pos 23 18,000 84 11} 82.8)14672 1 ST 47.5) 4584 Rone a ae a > | li801
tl v icc 7,785 { 9} 82 aT IDS 1.6} 429 eer ae ee ns ; as
( tl, volcano, Saac teres nncncpprass Mi XICO, ...... 17,785 84 12 84.0 14 1 Re re 6 rite Valladolid, . |. Spain. {1300/1846
Mt. Roa, highest in Oceanica, ..........%. ocr Hawaii, s+e+} 16,000 3 13) 81.6 14463 1] )9 0.8) 409 Hyascae ae e 55011354
Mt. Brown, lxghest peak of Rocky Mountains, Brit. America, ! 15,900 | 3 14 81.1 1445 len! : | Baia Salamanca,..... eG 5001404
Mont Blanc, highest in Europe, Alps,......... Sardinia,...... 15,766 | 8 15} 80.7 14220) || jo 45.0 Been Valencia, .. ... “ 1500/1410
Mt. Rosa, next highest peak of the Alps,...... | a 3 | 15,380 | 8 16 B02 nr ee tac 886% Saragossa, .. .. Spain, 1100/1474
Limit of perpetual snow at the...............| Equator,...... 15,207 | 2% 17} 79.7/18947) || 62) 48.5 3360 Thledo. see ‘ | 260/1474
Fineness yee ees csc eos ks ee | Equador, ..... 15,000 | 27 18) 79.2/18798} || |68 42,8) 8145 Alcala de He-
SOMNCHiG uci cues occ com nae 4 0 3) 7 8719) Saal ian j :
Meena weather... 5cc,. screen. cote. 7 fe ' Russ. Poss, 14,796 | 2¢ 19 73. |18642 oe 42.0) een (nares, : 870/1499
Mt. 8t. Helen’s, pn.) 6 wicca sue) neem Mua «nen epale Oregon, sina ale(b a 14,400 QF | i | 60 41.3) 9500 Saville... 0 “ 800) 1504
Demavend, highest of Elburz mts., volcang..| Lersis..... 20 14,000 | 24 0 78.1 18478) !1 66 40.6) 2520 Grenada, ..... “ 8101153)
MtyHand? 6 oe oe ec ee, ee Oregon: -.505 | 14,000 24 21} 77.5/18308) |) |67| 40.0) 2325 St. Jago di
MRO DIT cere scp ateeer cheek co eee i Sumatras 32... | 18,800 | 24 22) 76.91181814 \68 89,3) 2136 (Compostela, “ 1100/1599
Fremont’s Peak, Rocky mountains, .......... | Nebraska, ....| 13.570 | 24 23) 76.2 12946) || 69) 88.7) 1958 Oviedo. ce 45011580
MibAraratices escec tiactacpeecsccew osc ome Armenia, .. ..| 12,700 | 2} 24) 75.612755) |} | | os Cervera. ...... “ 60011797
Long's Peak, Rocky mountains’. < 02.56. c0.. Nebraska, aval) eROU0)) Se Dy 4 9 12557 70 38.1 Aes Golmbrs:...... Portugal, 1900/1279
Reak Of; Leneritie se ccs. cs f.ck ae | Canaries, .....} 12,986 | 9} 26 74 2 12354 (fd Be ve Geneva... Switzerland, | 8380/1368
Miltsin, highest of Atlas mountains,.......... Morocco, wean 12,000 | 2} 27) 73.6)12145 | joel § 1.0 ‘au Basle tens. ee & 150)1460
Mt. Perdu, highest of Pyrenees, .... waiclc eel STANCE... - | 11,265 | 2} 28] 72.7)/11980| |] |73 86.5 1298 Lausanne,..... “ 230!18N6
Mé Lebanon) :......'s Ge ke ta as Boke a ee Syrla, ese 11,000 | 2) 29) 71.9/11710, || |74| 86.0 1158 Zurich kee. “ | 20011888
MAGN tae OlCANGs 525A toss ove ty ck | Sicily 10,50 | 2 ee eer Bb.5}: 1016 SING, co esa ee: “ 230/1834
Ruska Poyana, highest of Carpathian mts.,.... [ -AUSiNAS ....<% | 9,912 | 132 80) 71.1)11484) || {26} 90,1) 81 Naplesj 2:4.) Naples, 1550/1204
MPV OL QUILO; Siac picpcu dveincssceseece cc: Equador, ..... | 9,630 | 13 81) 70.8 11258) 7 34.6 {01 Palermo, ..... Sicily, 735] 1894
Monte Corno, highest of Appenines,...,...... Naples,....... 9,528 | 1% 82) 69.5 11018) AS 5 = o06 Catania,....... 600)1445
Orbelus, highest of Balkan mountains,........ Torkey, #..0.. | 9000 | 13 83 68.7 10778) || i 83,9) 552 Bologna, ...... ‘States of Ch.| 560/1168
Sneehattan, highest of Dofrafield mountains... Norway,...... 8,115 | 14 8¢ 67.9/10534 6 457 Rome, (Sapi-|
MonnGSinal. (ce 8 ieee lin ccek coc pte wee cc i Arablae: osc.. | 8,000 | 11 85) 67,0/10287 80 33.6) ao [enza,)| “ 680| 1295
PRC DIB DASEAN Say cee edie cap heed veritas | Greece,....... 7,677 | 1 86} 66.2/10036) | (81) 33.3 a Perngia, ...... “ 210!1307
Black mountain: hichestin: coco. nes. N. Carolina,...| 6,476 | 1 37 65.3 9781) (82 33.1 ane Urbino, Re-es-| |
Mt. Washington, highest of White mountains, N. Hampshire,|} 6,234 | 14 88) 64.4) 9523 85 82.8 “ed [tadlished, « 850/1826
Mi Maroy, Hiehpstitt..: 03 .cescecs set oe) New York, ...| 5,800 | 1 39 oa fee 84 oi aoe Sienna, -.-..e Tuscany, | 260/1330
“i 35} $2.4 Lif to “ ro 004
ME Heda: volcanos... .ccne fesse cuee Iceland) ¢s.... 0,000 | 1 | Co) Aas is RiSaesccs cer 580!1388
Ben Nevis, highest in Great Britain,.......... Scotland, ..... | 4,879 | . 40) 62.6) 9001) | 86 one Wi Florence, .. ... &“ 250/1433
Mansfield, highest of Green mountains,....... Vermont,..... ' 4,280 ; 41) 61.7| 87 BS | 87 Resa Parma, wcccccs Parma, 800)1482
Peaks of Otter, Ninian Sialwiaisla Waa sig adm niopecciew ot Virginia, ..... 4,260 | 4 42) 60.8] 8478) || |88 82.1) a) Turin, ........] Sardinia, 1300/1405
MIS ViGSUVADS) coc. em ccevslesesieuee dre oe cey Naples,.. ....] 8,982} 4 43) 59.9 8206) 89 02.0) 5 Cagliari, ...... Isl. Sardinia, | 260/1720
Round Top, highest of Catskill monntains,....| New York,...| 8,804 | 44) 59.0 7939 al 82.0 Sessarl) scence oy 2401765
ELEY BOG eo siaaneeciccdos see. eae Mauritius,....! 3,764 | *3 45) 58.1] T7671} Mi Genoa soe. ae Sardinia, | 610/1812
oe eee ag eres Sree Padua cement Lombardy, |1500/1228
. pets an
' ; r i empe= | Pavia, .. 23.2. 9
Questions. Which is the highest mountain in the world? Of what chain of Questions, What is the mean tempe Pavia, : 99 {1861
é ee ch pues e 2d , : . ; Foe : legree of heat at the level off Prague, .... .. Austris, {1460/1348
mountains is it the highest peak? The Himalaya chain. What is the meaning }rature, or degree of hei * Richtv-four | Vienn a 2500/1365
of Dhawala-Giri? The White mountain. Which is the highest mountain in the sea, under the Equator? Eigh vets] | Ae Bye sees ; 20:
1A Wala-G ‘ : ‘ A a ase rhe es 1 two-tenths, Fahrenheit’s} Pesth, ........ “+ 1900(1465
America? How high is mount Sorata? In what country isit? W hich is the} degrees anc vo-ten tis, ‘membered! Olmute’ “ 9501581
highest mountain in North America?/’ Aow high is mount St, Elias? Where js Thermometer. It will be ENCBohit ae Reha 1060) 1784
it situated? Which is the highest mvuntain in Europe? What is the meaning | that the “ k reezing I ont a ea iene ee = soolteis
of Mont Blanc? The White mountain. Which is the highest mountain of the Conpelalion, on area eNe ene ae RRUR sis 0 c Soe
a wane Neer eos age ate sites ater, is 82 degrees, c } Deena) eevee )/1826
African islands? How high is the peak of Tene riffe? W hich is the highest meter, is 5 we *+the sea at the Equator} Athens,.......] @reece, 180]i838
volcano in the world? How high is Cotopaxi? Which is the highest voleano in above the level of thes anleceserma Gaia Ionian Iel’ds,| 3001 1894
Europe? How high is mount Etna? In what direction do most of the moun-|is the freezing raps ye pau ee Wurtzbure Re- ;
tains on the globe extend? How high is the highest spot ever trod. by man ? f ual Boost aM mete es a 15e. ty [newed, Bavarla, 45011589
Nineteen thousand four hundred feet above the level of the sea, In 1802, Baron ture uh a eaag In BOP Hon many feet | Erlangen, ...- | * 810)1 743
Humboldt, with his friend Bonpland, and Charles Montufar, of Quito, ascended | 10 ? in level afithabeatia thallteit afl Mmienie es . “ 1850'1810
mount Chimborazo, and on the 23d of June reached the height of 19,400 feet. | above nt evel 0 tinaa 10°? In 90°9 Tieipsic’ .. ....| Saxony, 950'1409
The blood started from their eyes, lips, and gums, and they became almost torpid perpetua auON on ts pane Th 609 In 70? Gottingen, ....| Hanover, T00/1734
through cold. As no person has ascended to the top of the highest mountains, by In 80°? In 4( ny sine a Alivoronés Tubingen,.....|Wurtemburg,| 740|1477
what means has their height been ascertained ? By geometrical calculation. The} In 80? In 90? ae a fuxel atl tel (eIdlebnhen Baden, 660}1886
angle of elevation between two points, or stations, is taken by means of a sextant, Hee een hs Sate ieaentar and in| Freiburg, ...-. “ | 300 1457
an instrument used for measuring the altitude of objects, and from this and the ey ee 161 orn 46° TH 90°9 Giossen,.. . ..|Hesse-Darm t 480.1607
distance of the two stations,
frigonometry.
the height, or altitude, is ascertained by the rules of
Marburg,.. . |
Hesse-Cassel,! 290:1527
UNIVE rks, Continued,
' na 5 ‘
Names. Country. | 53|
Zs} 9
CS =
Rostocks. 4... Mecklenburg,| 115/141¢
JONAS as pee Saxon Duch's| 470/1557
Griefswalde,... Prussia, 250) 1456
Koningsberg,.. s 400) 1544
Hallevss, 5. se 700/169
Breslany es. 66 720)1702
Berlin. Jc. te 20901 islg
Bonn 68. oes «“ 630)1318
Wiatsaw. =o: Polad, Rus’al 400 L816
CracowRe-esi'd| « Cracow,} 800]1817
Wilna Re-est'd
[in 1808, Russia, 610]1578
Dorp... “ 5995/1682
Moscow,-.5. “ 1360} 1803
Kharkoy, ..... “ 8330/1504
St. Petersburg, “ 1300]18$1
Helingfors, .... a
Tran. firm Abo 440] 1828
Baan os oe od * 8001836
Upsalee) oi see Sweden, /145/ 1476
Toure . 6590/1666
Christiana, ....| Norway, | 710/{811
Copenhagan, .. Denmark, |1200]1479
Kuielia ects . 390} 1665
Leyden,...:... Holland, | 620|1575
Groningen,... “ 2800/1614
Utrechi = 523 6 9020/1636
Liege... oe Belgium, | 3850/1816
Ghent. e 3840/1816
Louvain, .. ... S 660/1826
Valetta. 5 25. Isl. of Balta,! 2501/1835
— ALN.
29. RIVERS IN THE UNITED
STATES,
The following table shows how faz
some of the principal rivers in tha
United States are navigable for steam-
boats, sloops, &e.
Names, Place. Miles
Penobscot To Bangor) 3... 3} 6)
Kennebec , * Aucusta;<, 4. . 9 AR
Connecticut “Hartford,, . . . 50
Hudson, . LT OY: ee 156
Passaic . , * Newarkicy «2.2 10
Raritan “ New Brunswick,. 14
Delaware © trenton, . #2 See. 75
Potomac. . “ WASHINGTON, . , 119
James. -. . “Richmond,. . , J5¢
Cape Fear . “ Fayetteville, . . 129
Savannah . “Augusta,. . . . 168
St. John’s . “Lake George.) 3 150
Alabama. , “ Wetumpka,. 875
Mississippi . “ Falls St. Anthony, 2,208
Missouri. . “ Great Falls, . 2,501
Illinois oo Ollawa\ (25 2 2 008
Wabash - “La Fayette... . , 810
Ohio, + “Pittsburg: . 2 41.004
Tennessee . “ Blorenee; <{ ; <7 959
Cumberland “Nashville, , 208
Questions, Wow far is the Penobscot
navigable for steamboats and sloops?
Kennebec ?* Connecticut? Hudson, or
North river? Potomac? The Potomae
is navigable for the largest ships to the
“hayy yard in Washington, 800miles from
the ocean, The Potomac enters Uhesa-
peake bay between Point Lookout, in
Maryland, and Smith's Point, in Vir-
ginia. The river is 10 miles wide at its
mouth, From Smith's Point to Norfolk
it is 81 miles, The Great Falls in ths
Missouri are a little above R. Maria
The Tennessee river is nayigable for
boats about 250 miles above Muscle
Shoals, The Cumberland is navigable for
boats of 15 tons nearly 800 miles above
Nashville From the mouth of the Ohio
to the gulf of Mexico, by the Mississipp|
river, it is 1,110 miles. The Missouri
enters the Mississippi 1,895 miles from
the gulf of Mexico. Is there any State
that has no access to the ocean by water?
Which States do you think are best situ-
ated for commercial pursuits? Why?
——eew nn eee OE Ee
30. TABLE OF DISTANCES,
Distances from London,
Names, Miles.
To Constantinople,....... camisole UU
Sy CATNONS SR ctemencieae cece sie er es tDOU
MIB tS RelersDUNe, wes sea sure ata
ROMO Sucicccneces osicaie conte eroUU
OO Madrids os ceiticcs ccnace acs cu ueleee Oo
MVAGNNS). coclenicacs oe din eave wines (000
UUBOINGY. «oc cep cimcs cae CeemteeeanGae
© Copenhageny ss... cere cn cnegnOou
SAMSt6rdAMs 225 cc < awe seen eau
HPAYIS) ec cen ccs ok cca ctnleen eee
Distances from New York.
Names. Miles.
To Cape of Good Hope,.......... 7,923
«© Cape Horny es. sa eee aie 6,673
Cairo, ealeieiae cals ctsteieisial Os
OS Athen. oc. asc van cee
a Tiberi cee
OOROME he cosa ne ees ot ae an « S000
Mr Allolorsinccaiscc sich cicero sien Se OUU
(OBremenvrr. asec vecn ae eicieie ciaasoeea
HOTAM Ae cae cca csc ecient een cies Coe
SPVIVOMDOO\ vrcncessie «taces 22 QOUP
TO DAU aks eecamie celecoiade haePopulation 1790.
81.
pte amen s 2 S|
Maine 3 Giang Giareterdle’s weiss 96,540
New Hampshire .. .-- 141,899
THE rilSi to Aaa e eee 85,416
Massachusetts......--- 318,717
Rhode Island .....---- 69,110
Connecticut...------++ 988,141
Now YOrK...---e-eee> $40,120
New Jersey.-------+:> 184,139
Pennsylvania ...------ 434,873
Delaware .... «--+++s> 59,096
Maryland Dee gs cents cece 819,728
Virginia .....---+-++s: 748,308
North Carolina....---- 893,751
South Carolina.....---- 249,0T3
Georgia ..-- eeeeeeeee $2,548
FROVIdB «cccccccccscsce| ceccecee
Mlabalohsninceccecscecel) pices
Mississippi.....--ee-e+] seeeeces
TLowisiana ..-. .-.2-22+| covneeee
INGEN cee casieeaisciccc|| wemalsieer
IATKBDSAS case csccscees|) cvacsces
Tennessee ..--+---s+ee: 85,791
Kentucky .--- ---+-+-- 78,0TT
OMe cc eciccwcicle veeie|) melsinies.er0.c
Michigan ...--seeeeees| serceers
Tn se cece cscccscie| picicwiceee
TUOW)s ceiiscc cee cicies|| ierelennin ere
MMiSSOUTI «0-20 wncccens| osccence
NOW concise cisiee|| wnisinisiersis
WiiSCOMSIN ..---eceeree| wecerece
CGalifornia.....<-2---02| seecceee
District of Columbia...| .....-+-
Minnesota ..eccseseres| sovccces
OTegON ...-.e-ceeceees] seeeseee
tal eee cies wecinsres
Now Mexico ...----+<+| aseeeers
Nebraska Territory...-| --++++-:
Indian Territory ...---| -+-+--+>
Total a ones ae 929,827
151,719
| 183,762
164,465
428,245
69,122
251,002
586,756
211,949
602,365
64,278
$41,548
880,200
478,108
$45,591
162,101
eeeeerre
eeweeeee
ererreee
eoveeere
exer eeee
aeeeeeer
eoweesee
eeseeene
seer eeee
eseeee*s®
oven aee
eter neee
eee ewee
Population 1800.
————
31. POPULATION OF THE UN? UNITED 8
re
Population 1810.
———
228,705
214,360
217,713
472,040
77,031
262,042
959,049
245,559
810,091
72,674
380,546
974,622
555,500
415,115
252,483
eeoseeee
406,511
930,760
4.762
eaveeere
eeseeeee
oeeeeere
eceoneeee
ereteeee
ee etenee
eoeseeere
enewenee
Population 18:0. Population 1830.
298,335 899,455
244.161 269,328
35,764 280,652
523,287 610,408
83,059 97,199
275,202 297,675
J, 372,812 1,918,608
97 7,575 820,823
1,049,578 1,848,233
72,749 76,748
407,350 447,040
1,065,379 i 211,405
638,829 787,987
502,741 581,185
340,987 516, ene
B ieetarciole 84,78
127,901 309'037
75,448 186,621
158,407 215,789
14,273 30,388
422.813 681,904
564,317 687,917
581,484 937,903
8/896 81,639
147,178 $43,031
55,211 157,445
66,586 140,455
38,089 39,834
9,638,191 12,186,020
Population 1&40.
——
501,798
984,574
991,948
737,699
108,830
"912.267
685,866
476,183
883,702
43,112
80,945
eeeeeene
eeeeeeee
‘osneneee
Pr
eeewewere
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MANUFACTURES OF COTTON AND WOOL IN
POPULATION IN 1850.
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE VIEWS.
TATES.
White popula’n. | Free colored. | Slaves.
Misrtin et 2
581,763 1,825 |) -ececees
317,889 ATS Tl ciesciseiee
$12,902 ROQ7 aN cise cielo
985,704 8.795 | ccccecee
144,000 8,544 | -eeseeee
863,805 7486 | vececcee
8,049,457 47,93T Sicisinieieie™
467,240 92.093 222
2.258, "463 58,823 | escreres
71, 989 17,95T 2,289
418, 590 74,077 90,368
895,304 58,829 472,528
552,464 28,02T 228,412
274,628 8,900 884,984
521,438 2,880 881,621
47,167 925 89,309
426,507 2,272 842,892
295,758 899 809,898
255,416 17,587 239,021
154,100 881 58,161
162,068 589 46,982
756,893 6,271 939,461
761,688 9,786 210,981
1,9% 56. 108 94300 | serewees
"895 5,097 D557 | cecccess
977,605 1O.81L | eeececes
846,104 5.866 | eoseeees
592.07T 2,544 87,422
191,879 SSR ly syecisieiecie
804,565 G26) i cisieisiciveie
223,200 | 1,800 | ----+--
88,02T , 9,978 8,687
6,088 89) Vi Hicwmieceleis
18,087 DOG 1) aonsivciee
11,830 24 26
61,488 WG Ny Seaiacee
19 "49,630,133 ey 428, 515 8,198,324
THE UNITED STATES.
Total pop. 1850.
583,088
817,864
©
i)
2 o
j _—
C _
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eeeeeeee
rn
Repr’s./Electors |
Sqzare Miles,
—_ - -——_———— *
|
6 8 30,000 + 19.44
8 5 9230 | 84.26
8 5 16.212 {| 30.76
11 | 13 7,800 | 127.49
2 4 1,306 12.97
4 | 6 4,674 79.33
88 | 85 46,000 67.33
5 | T 8,320 58.84
95 | 2k 46,000 50.25
1 8 2,120 43.17
6 | 8 9.356 62,31
18\ | a5 61,352 93.17
Ss) L1G 45,000 19.80
6-18 24,500 97.28
Bi 10 58,000 15.68
fo 23 59,268 1.47
i 9 58,722 15.21
See 7 47,156 12.86
4 6 48,431 11.03
9 4 237,321 .89
2 4 52,198 4.01
10 | 19 45,600 21.98
10 12 87,680 26,07
291 | 93 89,964 49,55
4 6 56,248 7.07
11 18 83,809 29.28
9 11 55,405 15.36
7 9 67,880 10.13
2 4 50,914 3.77
8 5 53,924 5.65
2 4 188,982 BT
<5 a 60 861.45
: TEG000 "| eres as
ia ‘ SHO OO0) iI oo crare «ic
is AQO000 ile ce cio
i, OTS'000) ile nase
Se MOSCOD! ai)? aap soe
i ie 152,000 cate
934 | 296 3,260,073
Exr=NT IN SquaRH MILE
jaaeeet re EE
\Pop, to sq. meile
——
—_ =
32.
i on Core
COTTON. Wood.
Si
Aer ros ae || awe
Sn an as eT x Namber of Average wages per 2E3 Number of
oe 3 Capita ales |Value of all raw\hands emp oyed. month. Value of entire|| © = 2 Capital Pounds of |Value of all raw hands employed.|Value of entire Yarda of clot?
State S22 invested. cotton. material. rare Faia | Feules products. Ge z invested. wool used. niaterial. TAR products. manufactured.
a ee ee ss 32 | 9n.900,700 | @1,581| $1,573,110 | 780) 2,959] $29 85 | $12 15 | Sienna 36 | $467,600 | 1,488,43 95,9 5
New Hampshire.......-- 44 | 10,950,500 | $3,026] 4,839,429 | 2,911) 9, 211| 25 45 oS AT *230.8 19 || 61 ; 437,700 604 03 : peas 308 I S01 : ior 745 ee
a ORE Geek ies 9] 202500 | 2,248 44is | 94| 147) 15-55 | 12 67 “96.100 || 72 | 866,300 | 2,828,100 es0'6e4 | 683| 710] 1, 579,161 as a
Neemachisetisilsiéd1....| 218) (28,455,680) | 228,607.) 11,299,808 | 9,293 |19,487| 23 1g 5B | 19.712461 || 119 | 9,089,342 99'920'952| 8,671,671 | 6,167 | 4,963 THO LP SES ess
mhodonsland ee neenion ca: 158 | 6,675,010 | 50,718 31424579 | 4.959 | 5,916| 18 15 98 | 6.447.120 || 45 | 1,013,000 €103.370| 1,463,900 | 987 71 Tear eet Beh
Connecticut .....-0 +++: 13 | 4’219'100 | 89.483] 2,500,062 | 2,708 | 8,478) 19 68 | 11 8) 4957522 || 149 | 3,773,950 97414100 | 3,325,709 | 2,907| 2581] 6,4 rae eeneann
NW OTe airs hence 86 | 4.176,920 | 87,778 1'985,973 | 2,632| 8,688] 18 9 «8 | 8.5917989 || 249 | 4,459,370 19,538,786 31232292 | 4262 2412 85 aattben
Now Jersey ...---eeceee 91! 1'493.500 | 14,437| 666,645 | 616 1.096| 17 § 956 | 1109524 || 41 | 494,274 eproog9| 548367 | 411 487 EAA tea
Rennsylvanis Pe eee oe | 4'528995 | 44,162] 8,152,080 8.564| 4,099| 17 8 991 | 5.322.262 || 880 | 8 005,064 | 7,560,379 5.929718 | 8,490 | 2,236 BES 10 roa
CIAWATC. a acccccscecsne 460,100 4.730 312.068 | 413] 425) 165 5 588.439 ARE 02 Ani Seatac ; oa Ory ROT
Marylee Dee oe sate majecleiess ae 2,286,000 93395 1, 165,: 519 1,008 2.014 13 a Bs 2 300, at 88 sea Soa feseon Ae fae seh a
Tenn eee 1908900 | 17.785| 828,375 | 1,275 | 1,688) 10 2 os | rias63e4 || 121 | 892,640 | 1,554,1 81899 41,0. 087,
North Carolina ...----+-- 93! 1,058,800 | 18,617 531,003 | 442| 1,177 sas dete: c 92,640 | 1,594,110 488,899 | 478) 190 841,013 | 2,037,025
Poa Carolina a aigcteyeieie «8 18 S57, 200 9°99 295971 899 ren a 94. 2 s nese : po: Ee a ” y et ee
Georgia «..-s0s0 eres" 85 1,738,188 20,280 900,419 83 1,899) 14 57 | 738 9,135,044 || 8 | 68,000 153,316 g0302 | 40/ 38] 88,750 "340,660
Alabama erence. 2 651,900 | 5,208 937.081 | 846 369| 11 a : 98 36260 ch Me Tsi gl Ue capaeee a otc ote arts oe | es | een ae
eeepc. se000 | 430 51500 | 19| 17) 1421|- 5 34 Asoo | ee | aki ees a : see) Oo | ee eee
Louisiana. ....--.+-e-e--* x0 : t a ee | eercepenlacaariaal: one ets ioe |b oes | eee eo ee ae
Uae aes : pee Ne ne ee ME ee lie see wetes Bs Beas SNE Seg ng TE ocee le Beery oo | esters
Arkansas cco iotso | ~“iéaio | “iio| “806 | 8] 8) 8 eels cea ta OO a eee LO eee
ENVIESSEG «es ce evccencce 8f 569.600 9,4 7,5 8 5 y 6s po a| ears | aaongil Mn were 45 no VeG10 | ee :
ee oe Bs) iG) cil] aotsn|) it} al 10) $2) 06 | | “SRR ) ime] | asaez| | se] une) i
TOR ne ence 7 6 alah a ss pe als! z 249,0% 13,U 0,28 256| 62 c
GniG eee rea Ts 8 297,000 | 4,270 237,060 | 182| 269| 1660| 9 05 394.700 || 180 | 870,220 | 1,657,726 578,428 9031 298 sy 1 o.087
oe Ae ee reece Bee ee ellecea| reer te Be eee 15 | 94,000 | 162,850 43.402 | 8 di 90,242 141,570
‘eae ee eee ee eee
DOIN) eee tae ia: , ene a | ee soar els remlescrern lle cay 54,50 96: 15,867 | 124] 54 206,572 806,995
a orcs seks 2 ea pe 86,446 5| go} 1094] 10 00 42,900 1 20,000 80,000 16,000 15| 10 56,000 12,000
Rileeonbin ee costes. RR ce ere ee Ne Ne hae 1 | an000 | 14,5001 3500 | 7)... | SO | S000
Califor ae SM ee eee ae 9 31,225 | 134,200 82,680 25 87,992 86,000
striet of Columbia . 1 85,000 aaal <veropo | “edi toa|, 44°02. | 8 01| 100,000 ws | seeerse eu] eeeeasemil! «teemeieine® etl tceister= ca cdeeeall. smaisere
—— eel = 0003 |e = 260 7,000 “ab 108 1402 | 8 01 100,000 1 700 5,000 1,630 2 5 2,400 10,000
__ Total ..-000- 2 secre 1,094 | $74,501,081 | 641,240 | $34,935,056 133,12 S| aan repent re aioaal lnlay a |__|
240 | $84,835,056 '83,150 [59,136 $61,869,184 ||1,559 128,118,650 '70,862,829 | $25,755,988 22,678 |16, 16,574 |$ 48,207,555 | $2,206,652
33. PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES
; 34. GOLD AND SILVER COINS
| | «| y ls The following table exhibits the Cus- | Florin— of A e—o
reas s - TISKY 18 s/o ci clarenwiaeicte 0 484] R wove
| oe je AIS 25 oer aie Re Dollars and cen Guinea—of Great Britain ....-. 5 00" Rupee —of Bolden ndia. . a 5 4a)
Name Residence, ei is gi oF | 5 Died. og eee ae Nee of foreien | Guilder—of Holland and Belgium 0 40 | Rix Dollar, or Thaler—of Prussia 0 69
5 Ze\<3\z Sra taitasiates f y law in the ER ee France . 0 183 j Rix Dollar—of north. states Germ. 0 69
| & | ==HKat 5 Live of Lombard epee aa . 0 2 Ris eae Bremen, Sermeny. 0 784
ei we : —of Lo and Yenice e—o ss
nega Wauiagion 7 | Wee nan HES Hep [Dex ty ge] [Crem motrencesnssscceias 100 [ive otsorti comes 316 [Sousa Dotan Sveh ENGFY 108
John Adams........-- Waeaennicctta’ ,11735)1797| .62.|4 | July 4 1826 |.91. | Crown—of T eae its Liva—of Sardinia......--++++- 0 183] Specie Deller op penmats mn
Thomas Jefferson . Virginia ... ..- 11743)1801|.58./8 | J Taare oay USCANY ..+-eeeeeee 105 } Louis @or—of France ....-. A7 8 g ge
ee 58.\8 | July 4, 1826 |.83. } Doll Me eal eANGraas , LOG) Mineatof Portugal ccna overeign—of Great Britain.... 4 $4
James Madison ....--- Virginia .....+. 1751|1809|.58.|8 | June 28, 1836 |.85. | Doll: fD and Norway... 106 | Milrea—of Portugal ....-.---<, 112 Shilling—of Great Britain... 0 22
Tanitds MONTOB! oes 2-3 Vireirines 17581817 C 8, 1836 |.co. ollar—of Denmark.......-++. 105 4 Milrea—of Azores West ] s 0
7>g1817|.58.(8 | July 4, 1881 |.72 Doubler oe's es , or Western Ils, 0 833 cuda—ol Malti... ..cssecee 0 40
John Quincy Adams .. Massachusetts... 1767 1825).58.|4 Feb. 23, 1848 g0. | Doub! Pn oe LG oF) Aisa Banco, oF Hata On eae 35 | Star Pagoda of Madras. 175
Bear eeene eee ee: ears 1767|1829! | 62.8 June 8, 1845 |.78. Dac mriofo sielele 15 or Napoleon or 20 Franc- -piece- -Fra’e 3:72 | Tale—of China ..-...-- aaa 48
artin Van Buren ....| New York.....|1782/1897|-59.|4 ul Du Holland anadsBalevan 5 unce—of Sicily 240 |Teston—of B Get
78 Beailaa tis tert cll: een ery olan Se scr to Un a ee TTTE eston—of Bavaria.........+-- 016
William H. Harrison..| Ohio .......-+. 1773)1841).68.|..| April 4, 1841 |.68. | Ducat—of Na ad ang Belew OF arlteecund Beenie ON Gtee ea 404 | Thaler—of Prussia andN.Germ. 0 6°
James K, Poti... sewers Virginia ....-... 1790)1 841) .51 o|4 Jones eersecerenlenes Ducat—of Wienies Bp eet aii ; ss Round Sterling—of British Am. 400 Biialer of Telpsic) see e<aste 069
Zachary MaylGror: ee al ee * OO € elteas 1849 oe, Fy June 15, 1849 |.54. | Franc—of France and Belgium. 0 13} Soe nee a Hag ; 5 80 As eainia 88 V0y ae es
r ~ 5 .\14| duly 9, 1850 |.66. | Five Franc-pi opie —Of India....---- eee. AY GINA <ici's cine alelsiaibielvieisis 2
Millard Fillmore......: New York ....|1800)1850).50.|24|.......ee+eees ae Florin—of ioltend and Balgiin Ais Piaster—of Spain.-<. +++. «+++ 02 1 00 | Zechino,1769—of States of the Ch. 21
g teal Vellon—of Spain, or 20th Pias,0 20 Zechino—of Turkey......-.... 26
Pranklin Pierce
New Hampshire! 1g04 1853!
fa Abooec
nm
Florin—of south. states of Gerny 0 40
Real Plate—of Spain.....ceccee
010.
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE VIEWS.
35. AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIONS OF THE UNITED STATES IN 1850.
67
Value ei aaa =
Acres of land| farming im- Value Bushela of | Bushelsof | Tobacc Ginned'>
Btate im d. Ipleme ‘ Ae he ee obacco, cotton, Wool, Wine, Butter, Cheese,’ Cane
prove Cache of live stock, wheat. | Indian corn. | pounds of. pe cecrec’ pounds of. |r Uens of! pounds of. | pounds ot. tanarce Tae suatsle oe Donate hhds._ of Heine %
: é tous of. | 1,000 lbg. manufactures
Maine iirc cece. «sss 2,019,598, $2,363,517) $9,831,488] $67,9 741715 aaa — | 3
Yew Hampshire ..| 2,251,388 Sao ser L001 185,658 TeT670 Pee BOS: see raeearel otgel Sgeeecal Seem ue ee Te0 oo |" > 862) Ters4 aMesioona
Vermont ......... 2,322,923 9,774,959] 11,292,748] 493,666] 1,623,776|..........|..0. oo, 3492087] 140] 12 128.095 ExssuNG| FeRerel Pal aeeeaneo lace seee 895,455
Massachusetts... 2,127,924] 8,178,809] ¥,619,964 29,784] 2'326,167| 119.306]... 1121, E76 TRG Sol aaeteee| 02499,006) 768,579)... 807] 5,159,641]........ 261,589
Rhode Island ..... 337,672| 478,385] 1,466,636 39] 516,133 ae ee Papemele mare atiee eee pecaiee leases (20 geo 72) 768,596]........ | 210078
Vonnecticut....... 1,734,277] 2,043,026] 7,358,996] 40,167| 1,996,462] 1.383.989|°127777" 7 512,529] 8,346 6 620's79 abiDvis| Aemee teal co eesea tc le eaters
New York........ 12,285,077] 22,217,563] 74,672,356] 18,073,357] 17,844,808] ° 70.209). 10,021,507 6.493 99'043°99 Ne) 499,706|...... 9,779 ST ISL. ene ses 188,995
New dersey....... 1,770,887| 4,267,124] 10,678,264) 1,508,216] 8,605,396]..........|..0. 0. 875.082] _“S1T| SOTOTIO| “SOU'SI9| AAS TAS| < Lol| Setaead ete anne | aarrane
Pennsylvania ..... 8,619,631] 14,931,993] 42,146,711] 15,482,191] 19,707,702] 857.6191... rain x te! 900,819} 429,119)... 12,35: B886\<.60 520 110,350
Wei ee Bod sedl ~ ArT'Sse| reese] Naar e| Tae ektoegR| SOT,C19}.-.. 4,784307| 28,889) 40,554,741) 2,895,279] 826,265] B59] 43,627, 2,218,644) 2.12221. 755,104
Maryland. sanig| 2787905] 2403443) 7,997,634] 4,494,630 11,104°631] 2).199,981|. 72 0201 Rrpascleato cds Pane ee Maeele teers M6] B88 need 82,809
District of Colum’ia} ——_-17,088| 40,220) ~—— 71,578] +” -17,870] +” 65,280] 15,0001. ....... 4 2 5,07 3|| 2816s A7;740)/02 ee 111,828
distric 3 220) 71,57 : fae gelleee seine 863 14.869 ;
Virginia’ ee neweee 10,150,106] 7,021,658} 883,607,962] 14,516,950] $5.539.582| 56.516. 276 = raelwaeouine: OTE on stale scm rieiniere|iewasiescaics|ecem cate 1)
"orth Carolina....| 5,443,137| 4,056,006 17,837,108] 214799] 28'986°999 SO UBR eT ealies 2 oO 42280) 11,126,795] 584,850) 870,177] 8,599] 53,838) 1,228,905]... 2,156,078
South Carolina....| 4074855] 4143'709| 15'060,015| 1.066278] 162723081 73.0351 sov’ant| aartnus Teall aorverel. aetel . ap eel afl) SETS) eats Ble centicus
ROOTBINa oc) sae ol 6,323,426] 5,901,050] 25,727,408] 1.085.784] 80.428.540| 420.193 94'09° aan 270 99 19,975 481 25,427) ...... iL 200 150} 909,546
Mlorids <scc.en Bigwos| cB7s'ses|| Tooan Gah ieetoos|o qlanauael © “ocecl eee ee 664) 4,640,074) 46,891] 28,407)... 585 50. 1,278] 1,888,093
Alabama.......... 4,387,088] 5,066-814| s1.558656| 292409] os 1so66 iea'eosl sépoml emee Tal 9,961'693| BO aae gpeOlceeee-| eee egal cece cass 47411) 74,362
Mississippi........ 8,489,640 5,759,788] 19,303,593] 215,181) 21'836,154| 48/349] 49477 56,05 IS) Spel eel | 80/428)" SU C0L eee 54 473 28} 1,890,258
Louisiana .... .... 1,567,993] 11,326,310] 10,923,508 "915,05 3995 ITA) 556,057) 801) 4,888,112] 20,814) 12.517] 222 1. 21 110 78| 1,165,19!
lakage flies ace °635,913] 2095,308| 10,263,086 al opireceal | cele Lees 105 B06) eden. 685,186 1,148) 20,672] 7721. 260| 262,486) 188,77
Arkensas .”.......| _%80'388| Loosodi| 6'T28254| 193.902] stasr'aue| oosies| execs] tgtds| «Ml etgoTAl . 92018] a peT ieee 7,017| 265,526
Tennessee ....... 5,087,057] 5,351,178] 29;184'198| 1,68¢.470| 52°137's63| 20,144380| 199°e35| 1,840;e41 goal erso'osal iaeeae 8,924] 145] 695 S805! a mee 644,928
Kentucky .... «+. 6,068,633] 5,388,092| 29,893,386] 2,184,763] 58.922,788| 65,765,259 1'669| 2'246163| 4.002| 10,115261} a9e7T44l © a4e'a08 30,853 B0ascl seseosline SBT ASB
¢ Kk p 4K. 299 vr — ~ Ah pre ra aes ’ pi AN get ed ’ Vy aOs 5 2 5. 5 8.525 R7 AG
Oo veces S580] 2.1615 fare tet) 1467 160) BOTs oo) IOASO9eT aoe aue] ahaa] Seige oy Rennes) UG zE0 90853] e0dss| Sessa oc | Sere
Tide 1G Rep Ae po aotads Rance 620,215 2,225)... 2.22. 2,047,364) 1,443) 7,043,794) 1,012,551 394.717) 7 54| Dagell 24058071. asks 954°996
Hlinois 5 11 > 4] ’ Aheoe ~y 38,960 he i 02,887,064 1,035,146 5 2,502,763 13,004 12,748,186 666,986; 402.791 1.569 35,203 2.921.638 tee ame ] 647.200
Missouri ..... .... Sortaoal Serraasl 1c ees| BOdtoul Eerie ecl areceeee 6] 2,129,180) 2,843] 12,605,554) 1,28,758/ 586,611! 4997] 11,873 246,07S|........ 1218211
SCE aan ane pil aed) 0,971,449) 19,164,672) 2,943,840) 85,709,042) 17,038,364] .......... 1,635,182} 10,198] 7,762,124| 201,59 2841 91075 "43 reas Dncies
TOW er gadeeee 814,173] 1,202,978) 8,602,769] 1,442,074] 8,475,027] 2,012) ooo °363'398| , 420| 1'938128| j9s'aaal ‘pa'noa| “POeo| M490). 17H, 88). «ee 22 Sees
Wisconsin ........ 1,011,308] 1,701,047] 4,594,717] 4,292.2 3'378 Ire : poe 29 84,593) 1,280) 2,182 70,680)....... 202,533
California aa eralh ar caieas Bacal Drom oRe Beane ; fhe Recenter 243,065) 68} 888,816 440,961] 295.9271 “190 "8341 661.969|...... 2. 57506
eae eos nae 8,593) 3,456, 1282 Eo) 8 000) ae: 4,800]........ 705 150 038 eee 5
PSO bess eee] LE 9BH] . 108.809] 3,402] TG.GG5] tates. 260)........ 7 1C0|4 eee atogal” “desl pee uncities vateen eae ae
Wainer tar are.. ae Aas aiaue areca erase |e 99,596)... 0.2. SL Tat) BB08O. BTA sles cole. Saeat eee Ben
Nop Miocics 22] 228] © Tedo5] 638,951) - 103,441 VEN oaceneey elses dgee ee 8.997|..... ...| 74,064, 89,646 4 usally 5 oleae Bie es | eee 1,304
9 ;217| 1,504,497| 196,575] 835,795 AFIT | et es 82,641) 2,053 101 5881). osc ecdaloec gules. | een eee 6,031
Mota’: jcc. <: 2.042 51.820.2731552.705.28 799 9301591586. 053 x - OT r\¢ ; | | ! |
112,042,000.151,820,2731552,705,288!104,799,2301591,586,0531199,582,4941 2,474,214! 52,422,797] 141,2951312,202,286/108,184,585| 19,605,384| 75,2411 567,749| 32,759,268, 818,644) 27,595,545
Questions. Which State had the greatest number of acres of improved land in 1850? Which | many bushels were raised in this State? In the United States? Which State produced the greatest
had the greatest amount of farming implements and machinery ?
Which State produced the greatest quantity of wheat?
Which had the most live stock ?
How many bushels were raised in this
quantity of tobacco ? Which State produced the most cotton? In how many States is cotton
raised? Which State produced the greatest quantity of weol? Which, most wine? Which, tha
Biate? In the United States? Which State produced the greatest quantity of Indian corn? How | greatest quantity of butter? Cheese? Hay? Hemp? Fiaxseed? Maple sugar? Cane sugar?
36. COLLEGES AND PROFESSIONAL SCHOOLS IN THE UNITED STATES. 37. RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS.
Name. Place. IFound’d. fin Name, Place. Found’d.| in Names. Char’s. | Min’rs. [Communie’
seine eng - a sa gens Roman’ Catholics -4;0ece eee 907 | 917 | 1,190,700
wow don . rune ee Me. ae 27,500 ereeuae ersity* Penfield, Ga. 1838 8,400 | Protestant Episcopalians........... 1,232 |1,404 | 67,55"
aterville aterville, 2 15,500 | Wesleyan Female Macon, 1839 600 | Presbyteri a 2876 11.718 179.458
Dartmouth Hanover, N. H.} 1769 | 25,000 | University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, Ala.| 1881 8,000 pee Lemans, Old School.......... 1651 11551 | 155°008
University of Vermont _‘[ Burlington, Vt. | 1791 | 18,000 | La Granget La Grange Dery celia | pore aires eNO tele Cecesccbor sera lmeno amen
Mi 5 : «“ Q rH a . eas £°, = ’ Cumberland Presbyterians......... 570 | 800 | 60,000
Middlebur Middlebury, 1800 6,000 | Spring Hill§ Spring Hill “« | 1880 7,000 } Gt} \aaee J 3 530 | 993 45,500
Norwich University Norwich, “ | 1834 1,400 | Howard* arion, “« | 1841 2/200 s = fRatoe of Presbyterians...... o76 989 B0'a40
Harvard University Cambridge, Mass.} 1636 | 92,000 | Oakland Claiborne Co. — Miss.| 1830 | 6,000 | q puch se ormed weet teen aces neeees 961 803 75000
Williams Williamstown, “ | 1793 | 13,751 | University of Mississippi |Oxford, ail | 1eade | eeD al enema aes 1,452 | 598 | 150,000
Amherst Amherst, « | 1821 | 20,000 | Mississippi College Clinton, “ Me ane ea "99 | 24 6,000
Holy Cross§ Worcester, “ | 1843 | 4,220 | Centenaryt Jackson, La, | 1889 | 58,000 Moth alist Bpisnbnalen So eee ~ | 5,042 | 1,112,756
Brown University* Providence, R. L.| 1764 | 81,000 | St. Charles§ Grand Cotean, “« | 1888 4.000 Methodist Prats Papakea: 740 |? 64818
Yale New Haven, Conn,} 1700 | 51,000 | Baton Rouge Baton Rouge, s¢ | 1888 300 R of or a Motho, fiat ee Sea, 75 8,000
Trinityt Hartford, S¢ 1824 15,000 Franklin Opelousas, “ 1889 Weslovan MeEReaiee Ge 600 90.000
Wesleyan Untversityt Middletown, « | 1831 | 12,000 | University of Louisiana [New Orleans, “| 1849 German Methodists (U. Brethren),.|1,800 | 500| 15.000
Columbiat New York, N. Y.| 1754 | 14,000 | Tusculum Near Greenville, Tenn, | 1843 Allbricht M ‘the aes E ne ee 600 250 15,200
Union Schenectady, © 1 1795 | 15,000 | Washineton Washington Co, “ | 1795 1,800 M saa a ethodists (Evang. Asso.) 400 250 52.000
Hamilton Clinton, « ; 1812 | 12,000 }| University of Nashville Nashville, “ | 1806 | 10,207 On iox Conerecntinolints nem 1.727 11.584 | 179.176
Madison University* Hamilton, “ | 1820 9,400 f Franklin Near Nashville, “« | 1845 2500) fi tinitarianl Concracationaliice ome "300 | 250 3.000
Geneyat Geneva, «“ | 1828 0,400 | East Tennessee Knoxyille, ae} 192 4,500 Universaligts Een e Green hie 1.194 700 60,000
University of New York |New York, “ | 1831 4,000 | Cumberland University Lebanon, « | 1844 5000" figeraranioralanah mas | soeen nee ame! ar) 30
University of Rochester* |Rochester, « 11850 | 8,000 } Jackson Columbia, te Wre33 Th 2I500" | rarer arenes artless lee amine nn 7,863 | 4,651 | 655,536
St. John’s§ Fordham, “ | 1841 | 12,600 | Union* Murfreesboro’, “ | 1848 900 Six-Princip @ Baptists ee : 20 22 8.400
College of New Jersey Princeton, N. J.| 1747 | 17,500 | Transylvania Lexington, y-| 1798 |.14,000 | Seventh-Day Baptists ie nee oes 58 6.943
Rutgers New Brunswick, ‘“ | 1770- | 10,000 | St. Joseph’s§ Bardstown, “| 1819 6,600 | Fyee-Will Baptists’. ees coe cee 1,165 | 771 63,000
Rurlingtont Burlington, 1846 | 1,200 | The Centre Danville, “ | 1820 | 5,500 | Church-of-God Baptists...........- 480 | 90 8,000
University of Pennsylvania|Philadelphia, Penn,| 1755 | 5,000 | Augustat Augusta, « | 1825 | 2,500 | Reformed Baptists (Campbellites) ..] 1,800 | 1,000 | 160,000
Dickinsont Carlisle, « | 1783 | 14,100 | Georgetown* Georgetown, « | 1840 | 6,600 | Christian Baptists (Unitarians).....| 650] 782 | 35,000
Jefferson Canonsburg, “ | 1802 | 10,000 | Bacon Harrodsburg, « | 1836 1,200, §_ ———
Washington Washington, “ 1 1806 3,300 | Western Military Institute |Drennon Springs, “ | 1847 1,000
Alleghenyt Meadville, se 1817 €,200 Shelby Shelbyville, ss 300 |] ~~~-_~____ SS eee
Pennsylvania GeUyepure, “ eee O00 Ohio University Athens, Ohio, A sone
Lafayette aston, 6 832 ,000 —| Miami Universit Oxford, SE 180 8,00
Marshall Mercersburg, “ 1835 6,000 | Franklin y New Athens, o 1824 5,000 38. HEIGHT OF MONUMENTS, TOWERS, &a,
University of Lewisburg* |Lewisburg, | 1849 Western Reserve Hudson, « | 1826 | 8,000 Names. Places. Feet
Delaware Newark, Del),| 1883 7,500 | Kenyont Gambier, se } 1827 7,000 P id of Oh Egypt, 543
At. John’s Annapolis, Ma. | 1784 8,292 ] Granyille* Granville, “ | 1831 7,000 eit oare c aoe ween ceecceoncs eye se ns seeeee a
St. Mary’s§ Baltimore, “ 1805 19.600 Marietta, Marietta, “ 1835 7.750 Sie ee Guan) wee e tee er eves Wintce y ceeeeess ven- a74
Mount St. Mary’s$ Emmetsburg, « 11880 | 4,000 | Oberlin College Oberlin, “« | 1883 | 5,000 fc tM ae . Cl Sr She Caen eearie eee 456
St. James’st Washington Co.,, ‘ | 1842 6,800 | St. Xavier§ Cincinnati, “ | 1842 ' 6,500 P at nee Gat Area “eS Bye nevccnnecs "* 456
Washington Chestertown, Me LTS 1,200 | Ohio Wesleyan University+|Delaware, “ | 1842 | 5,700 Go Peter's Chusch re ana eae Rowe Pe. ee Caan
Georgetown§ Georgetown, D. C.| 1789 | 26,000 | Wittenberg Springfield, “| 1845 4,500 St Paul's Church London aie oe England, pete 404
Columbian* Washington, ~ “ | 1821 | 6,000 § Indiana State University |Bloomington, Ind.| 1816 | 4,200 Saiebur Cit halral nee. Riche ee 40¢
William and Maryt Williamsburg, Va, | 1692 | 5,000 | Hanover College Hanover, co] 1852) =| 000" | Cr cairal ab(Rlovetics sek de ea. Xtalyseccn seen nen 2. 884
Hampden-Sidney Prince Ed. Co., “e | 1783 8,000 | Wabash Crawfordsville, eae Wee Cathedral at Cremona ... nae aah . Lombardy. soacceecer 872
Washington Lexington, “ 11798 | 4.950 } Indiana Asbury Untversityt|Greencastle, «| 1887 | 4,000 | Church at Friburg......-..-.--+- Germany. eee 87
University of Virginia Charlottesville, « 11819 | 18,000 Illinois Jacksonville, Ill. | 1880 E00 Cathedral of Sevillawemme rane Spain,.. aS nee 860
Randolph-Macont Mecklenburg Co., “ | 1832 8,000 ]| Shurtleff* Upper Alton, , 1885 208 Cathedral of Milan. ....o«sscares- Lombardy, .---+-+«+: 857
Emory and Henry} Emory, « | 1838 | 8470 | McKendreet Lebanon, x | 1882 | 200" | Cathedral of Utrecht Pes Hollandy ts ercer ines: 356
Rector*® Taylor Co., « | 1839 2,500 | Knox Galesburg, | A 88r 3,800 Pyramid of Gakkarahe anges PVD sce cienie embers 356
Bethany College, Bethany, “| 1841 | 3,500 | University of St. Louis§ St. Louis, Mo. | 1832 | 12,000 | (tn edral of Notre Dame, MunichBavaria, .........+-+- 348
Richmond* Richmond, « | 1882 | 1,200 } St. Vincent’s Cape Girardean, “| 1843 | 9,900 [et Mark’s Church......-ecseeses Vienicey suche ssipieance 328
Virginia Military Institute |Lexington, « | 1839 3,500 | Masonic Marion Co., Ce eS") Assinelli Tower, Bologna ..-...-. Ttaly ce hisete caer 814
University of N. Carolina |Chapel Hill, N.O.| 1789 | 18,300 # Missouri University Columbia, a | aee2, Trinity Church. ...s..+++ S ntctala New York,......--- 283
Davidson Mecklenburg Co., “ | 1883 | 5.000 | St. Charles ‘St. Charles, a 88h iy” 900 i ccyanmatiDelhte cca yapemenn ina Hindostan,....>.=se-- 262
Wake Forest* Wake Forest, « | 1838 {| 4,700 } Fayette Fayette, ae | Porcelain Tower, Nankin........ Ching. cca ecestae 249
Charleston Charleston, 8. 0. 1785 | 2,000 } University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Mich.| 1887 | 6,400 | Grorch of Notre Dame ... ...--: Parise aces ase ccens 282
South Carolina Columbia, « 1 1804 | 17,000 | St. Philip’s§ Near Detroit, | 1839 | 8,000 | Bunker Hill Monument ......... Massachusetts, ...,.-+ 220
Franklin Athens, ~ 1785 | 18,600 § Wisconsin University Madison, Wise, 1848 800 Leaning Tdiver of Pisa.........+- Tealy eee ce (22 2909
peethorne Milledgeville, « | 1836 | 4,510 } Beloit Beloit, Rock Co, * | 1847 | 1,800 | Washington Monument....... .. «Baltimore,...-<.-.--+ 173
amoryt Oxford, “« | 18387 | 1,700 Monument, Place Vendome...... at ee ces dee Saas ies
The Colleges marked thus thus (t), Zpiscopalians ; thus (+), Methodists ; thus (§), Catho- aan Bite eae neo ae nc Maa Bea
ts, With respect to the Col
*) are under the direction of the Baptists ; thus
ne ves which are wnmarked, the prevailing religious in
Nongregationalism ; of most of the others, Presbyterianism,
fluence of those that are in the New England States is
ee eb oe— Ray
SRP A
39. THE NUMBER OF REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS,
FROM 1789 TO 1855.
The following table shows the number of Re
presentatives in Congress from
each of the several States, from the organization of the government to 1853, with
the several ratios of representation.
1789|17
91/1803/181
3 1823/1833 1843
|
States. sslselsslss S3/Es
SSeaelea |S alesse
Boles ial sina ae
i Maine, 1620". ,.0. ws. l.. 0/0] of o/ 7] 8
Dr aN Ow Hampshire. csc ssda cee os Soe 4) | 19) | 6 6 5
DaMVELINONG MLO Lecce nt 0 2 4 6 | 9 2
Seo MASSACOUBCLISY. pea eee S14) | L71820 | 13 12
Sa hoder (sland 425500 en Py ee ah ew
On Connecticut. nee. ; oo 7 6 6 6 6
Wi NOW VOLK sc cv ee ye 6} 10 | 10 |] 27 | 84 | 40
BING. J Orsey.....c.5. 8 ey ee lt Oy © 6 6] 6
y Rennsylvanlases. pone non 8 | 18 | 18 | 23 | 26} 28
TOF Delaware sere os ee. | Deal Vel oc | las
DPaMiaryiandescrenc gyn ch 6F8 9 9 | 9 8
Ipiireiinee en sc | 10 | 19 | 22] 93 | 22 | 21
13) North Garolina........... 0. 5 | 10 | 12 | 18 | 18 | 13
4esouth Oaroling .,.70. 5.05) oe | Ol 6 |) 81 39 | Sie 9
NOMGSONPIG hee. occ sees ee SEO eae nO dic} ano
Ns Gmiilonidas Ledom hc ee oe. OF O)} Ors Oa) 10 ha0
Dieeauabama, I819R. a OF 20/0} 20) 2 Sth
See Mississippi, 1617. aon ee On) O80) | Ob) iil eee
1Omondisiang, 1819*... stele OA Ole (ay akap Bye
COMREXAS. 18d 0%s0. <tr ee 0 0 0 0; 0 0
215 Wennessee: 796%... oo)... . c, OO) |. 31° 6 9 | 18
Re WATKANSAS. 1L836% -. 25 00. 3, Me, OO" 0) 070 0
PoeaWentuckyy 1792s. cc sec ee OF 0 61 9) 12) | 13
Para OMIOc SOLER cee ok ee 0 0 1 6 | 14 | 19
25 indians: ASlO*. sc cnean. ces 0 0 0 0 8 ti
Porelllinois 11S. eiae, kre | 0/0] 0} o| 1-] 8
ede MISSOUTIN I B2Ie es eee. cee. Ore 0) OF) Oe 2 1) 2
Bre MiChigarnl GOOk soce cs loo kde | OF 00 Obl 0;) 10" |: -0
29" Wisconsin. 1848% 2.55. .5.6°5.. 0 0 0 0 0 0
BOM LOWaA GIO" cn at ere. 0 O20 0 0 0
81. California, 1850*............., OlONk 0} 01 oF 0
' 65 1105 1184 '180 218 |240
1850/1 853
eas Se lec
sBle2l2S
SSs\SSlSx
eb | hk |i OD
a eee
a ale
4 4 8
A) ah 8g
10 | 10 L}
| 2 mo | 9
Agate tA
34 | 34 | 38
5| 51 5
94 | 24 | 25
1 | eat ay
6] 6 | 6
15 | 15] 13
9 9 | 8
Wl Wb
8; §; 8
ON eli sl
7 | Tale 7
A dele 5
4 | 4] 4
0} 2: 2
11 | 11 10
I |e
1o | 10 | 10
21 | 24 | 21
10 | 10} 11
T btte| 9
5} 51 7
8 [SB] 4
0 |, eles
01] 2) 9
Oi Cle &
228 |280 |234
Questions—How many Representatives had New Ham
1789? What was the Ratio of representation—or how n
entitled to one representative in 1789 ?
sentatives had ris sTaTE in Congres
at this time? Each State has two Senators
had Massachusetts in 1789 ?
The P
fives and two senators.
Why TEN? B
titled to as many presidential Electors as it
stance, in 1848, the State of New York had:
Of how many memb
entitled to 86 Electors,
tives consist in 1789? In 1803?
Union? Vermont? Which w
are the THIRTEEN ORIGIN
(he name,
AL STATES ?—T
They are called the thirtee
declaring the independence of the Unit
pshire in Congress in
nany inhabitants were
In 1791? In1803? “How many Repre-
sin 1789? In 1823? 1n1848? How many
in Congress. How many members
ecause there were eight pepresenta-
has members in Congress.
* Admitted into the Union.
7~n pp LIN po pn
40. THEOLOGICAL SCHOOLS,
as the last State admitted into the U
hose which have no figures annexed to
n original States, becaus
ed States in 1776.
resident is chosen by electors. Each State is en-
For in-
36 members in Congress, and was
ers did the House of Representa-
In 1849? When was Maine admitted into the
nion? Which
; Ba!
| 2 S|
GTS
Name, : Place. Denomination.|§ =|
| Be
| SO
| =
Bangor Theological Seminary, Bangor, Me. |Congregation., |1816
Meth. Gen. Bib. Institute, ..../Concord, N. H.| Methodist, 1847
Gilmanton Theol. Seminary, .|Gilmanton, “ !Congregation., {1885
N. Hampton Theol, Seminary,/New Hampton, poantiel 1825
Theological Seminary, .....°. |Andover, Mass, |Congregation., [1817
Divinity School, Hary. Uniy., |Cambridge, . |Cong. Unit, {1816
Theological Institution, :... ../Newton, “ |Baptist, 1825
Theol, Dep. Yale College, ....|New Haven, Conn, Congregation., |1822
Theol, Inst. of Connecticut, .. East Windsor, “ c 1834
Theol. Inst. Epise. Church,...|New York, N. Y.|Prot. Episcop.,|1817
Union Theological Seminary, . re “|Presbyterian, [1836
Theol. Seminary of Auburn, .. Auburn, + - 1821
Hamilton Lit. and Theol. Inst.,| Hamilton, * - |Baptist, 1820
Rochester Theol. Seminary, , .|Rochester, i s 1850
Hartwick Seminary,.....°._- Hartwick, “ |Lutheran, 1816
Theol. Sem. Ass. Ref. Church,|N ewburg, “Ass. Ref. Ch., [1886
Th. Sem. Dutch Ref. Church, Be Brunswick, N. J./Dutch Ref, 1784
Theol. Sem. Presbyt, Church, |Princeton, “ |Presbyterian, |1812
Seminary Lutheran Church, ./Gettysburg, Pa, Evang. Luth., |1825
German Reformed, ........’_ Mercersburg, “ |Germ. Ref. Ch.}1825
Western Theol. Seminary,.... Alleghany T., « Presbyterian, {1828
Theological School, ....° 2/77” Canonsburg, “ |Asso. Church, |1792
Theological Seminary,...._ |” Pittsburg, “ Asso. Ref, ” 11928
Western Theological School, .|Meadville, “ Cong. Unit, {1844
Theological Seminary, ...... Philadelphia, “ /Ref. Presbyt.
soa Theol. School of Va, ..|Fairfax Co., Va. |Prot. Episcop. 1822
Union Theological Seminary, |Prince Ed. Co. “ |Presbyterian, |1824
Virginia Baptist Seminary,...|Richmond, “ |Baptist, ” }1839
Southern Theol. Seminary,. . .| Columbia, SAG; Presbyterian, |183/
Theological Semina SOS Con \Lexington, “ 'Lutheran 1835
Furman Theologica] Seminary Fairfield Dist, « Baptist, 1826
Mercer Theologica] Seminary, |Penfield, Ga. rt 1844
Howard Theol. Institution, .., (Marion, Ala. & 1843
Western Bap. Theol, Institut.,|Covington, ; “ 1840
Southwest Theol. Seminary, ..\Maryville, Tenn.'Presbyterian, {1821
Lane poulnaty, Bia elelctaers cere Cincinnati, Qhio, ss 11929
Theol. Dep. Kenyon College, .|Gambier, J (Brot. Episcop 1828
Theol. Dep. Wes. Res, College,'Hudson, “ |Presbyterian, |1830
Granville Theal Department, ‘Granville, “ |Baptist, 1832
Oherlin Theol. Department... |Oberlin, < Hee ae 1885
Theol. Sem. Ass. Ref. Church, Oxford, « “lAsso. Ref, ” 11899
Wilttonbere,: (2%: Ske Wie Springfield, _ |Christian, [1245
Indiana Theological Seminary, 'Hanover, Ind. |Presbyterian, |
élton Theological Seminary,.''Upper Alton, [iL Baptist \jg35'
ROR FARO 20 BOD CO COR COUR COND DORI CNW POMBO ENO MA DO
D>
oO
>
S
e they united in
As:
@| ae
&| ES
S| OH
ql >
8} 7,000
8} 2,000
3} 8} 4,800
2} 2,000
6} 21,259
nS
oS
oS
1,500
8,000
5,000
4,1100
1,000
4,640
1,800
1,000
2,200
1,000
2,000
6,000
8} 10,500
4] 4,500
8 79
2 500
8! 300
u 1,500
2
GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE VIEWS.
41. SETTLEMENT OF THE STATES,
States,
LS Llinoisie, oe
LON Wisconsine.<. cere,
20 Texasman oh Goa
22 IGOUISINS = oes se:
Zoe AlabampA ase osce.
24, Mississippi........
20s MVELMONtHs ei ne
2OinGeorgiateynnics fac.
Zi. Wennessee.. «sec.
28: 4C@alifornia’ os. cect
Ls Wlorida: - cease.
2; WATSINIA. 5 cas ae
SS. INGW MOLE Goo
4, Massachusetts .....
5. New Hampshire...
6. New Jersey .......
t% Delaware) 22.4: 40.
Ss Maine hese io:
9, Connecticut ...:...
LOseMaryland) epee.
11. Rhode Island......
12. North Carolina....
13; Massourii-e aoe ee
14. South Carolina ....
15. Michigan...... Bereye
16, Pennsylvania......
Lig AirKanSasiees. oot
| Date, |
| 1565 St Augustine.....
1607 |Jamestown .......
AGIA VAlbany, osm deseic
1620 |Plymouth ........
Doverse 3. aes.
1624 |Bergen male wie ea tetes els
| 16238
1627 |
1630 |
1634 \St. Mary’s ........
1636 |Providence ...-...
1650 (Albemarle SEPA DCINC
. 1663 |St. Genevieve..... 2
1670 |Port Royall pacer a|e
16703/Datroit )) 3
Philadelphia ....,.
WORD /ATKAaANSaS i as c5 ce
1686 |Kaskaskia ........
1690 |Green Bay........
San Antonio de Bexar.
Vincennes 4.7 ent
IDexrvillos:
Mobile’; -ocne. oe.
|
Fort Dummer
Msshipavannan.-ccn-
WNashivilles a... 08
(Los Angelos.......
‘Boonsboro’ ......:
nu 88 | Marietta. ee
1820 |Dubuque.........
aware rranReeeeeeeeeeeerereeeeeek se eee_c_Ce__CO_Co_C OC DD
42. STATE STATISTICS.
Towns.
| Nation.
Swedes and Finns...
(English simeinieie ucla lela’ oles
vets s{ MDSLSM. och a cctteecste
....|English
toger Williams.......
DOT ONCDN es sicrraiaisioicla we eib'c
Briglishtre ss. sees og
[English cc. sic vas cs
[Minglish\ sey. stews ag oe
Spanish si, sone se.
Daniel Boone ..........
Emigrants from N. Eng.
(Emigrants from Illinois,
Goy. |
term
States. years,
Maine. .oce
N. Hampshire
Vermont 22...
Massachusetts
Rhode Island .
1
1
1
1
1
Connecticut... 1
New York.... 2
New Jersey... 3
Pennsylvania . 8
Delaware .. 4
Maryland a
Mirginiay ccc 38
North Carolina 2
South Carolina 2
Georvia\ =. Gan. 2
( j 4.
a keroicie 2
wih 2
2
4
4
2
4.
2
8
4
4
2
2
4
2
i
Arkansas .....
Tennessee ....
Kentucky ....
Ohiote
Hiinoise.
Michigan .....
Wisconsin ....
lOWAis coe
Salary
Elections,
Times of holding
Times of the Meeting of
the Legislatures,
$1,500/2d Monday in Sept.
750!
2,500
400
8,600
5,000
2,000
6.000
1,800
2,000
2,500
1,800
1,800
1,500
Names,
: States,
Middlesex: 20 of at.
Blackstone, ...........
TIO). . «ee ee
Champlain, = eee.
Black River). iti):
ObWeg0. 2.) ee
Delaware and Raritan,,
Pennsylvania and Ohio,
Chesapeake and Ohio,..
Dismal Swamp, .......
JaMeS River eee a le
Weldon sean, eo
Santee. 6.5.
Ohio and Erie,
Miami 4. ae
Wabash and IDO soe
Wihite Waters 0008 |
see eeses
eee sees
Illinois and Michigan, .
Cumberland and Oxford,. Maine,
Delaware and Hudson,,..
. -|New Jersey, |Jerse
Places connected. Vth.
Portland and Sebago Pond, i320 204
..| Mass, Boston and TOWOLIND G2 S54 So ae 27
-.|M. & R. I. |Providence and Worcester) 5-2) 45
...New York, Albany and Buffalo,.............. 364
N. Y. & Pa. |Hudson River and Honesdale, Pa. .}109
..|New York,
e
Ist Tuesday in Sept...
2d Monday in Noy
Ist Wednesday in April
1,100)1st Monday in April...
4,000/1st Monday in Noy. ..
2,000/2d Tuesday in Noy.
8,000/2d Tuesday in Oct.
1,833/2d Tuesday in Noy. ...
ist Wednesday in Noy.
4th Thursday in Oct. ..
Ist Thursday in Ang...
8,500/2d Monday in Oct.
8,000) ist Monday in Oct.
1,500/1st Monday in Oct.
2,900) Ist Monday in August .
8,000/1st Mon. & Tues in Noy.
2,000) 1st Monday in Angust..
Ist Monday in Noy. ...
ist Monday in August..
Ist Thursday in Aug...
Ist Monday in August .
2d Tuesday in October.
2d Tuesday in October.
Ist Tuesday in Noy. ...
-2,000/1st Monday in August .
1,500/Ist Tuesday in Nov. ...
1,200/1st Tuesday in Noy. ...
1,000/1st Monday in August...
10,000\1st Tuesday in Noy. ...
(2d Monda
list M
list M
....|2d Wednesday in Jan. .
1,000)24 Tuesday in March..||st Wednesday in June ..
2d Thursday in October..
ist Wednesday in January
§ 1st Tuesday in May, and
Jast Monday in Oct. .
1st Wednesday in May...
.|lst Tuesday in January..
...|2d Tuesday in January...
....|lst Tuesday in January..
jist Tue. in Jan. biennially
1st Wednesday in Jan.
Y in Jan. bienn.
3d Monday in Noy. bienn.
4th Monday in November
Ist Monday in Novy. bienn.
1st Monday in Noy. bienn.
2d Monday in November
Ist Monday in Jan. béenn.
ist Monday in Dec. do.
8d Monday in Jan. do.
Ist Monday in Noy. do.
[Ist Monday in Oct. do.
[ist Monday in December.
jist Monday in Jan. bienn,
list Thurs’y in Jan. do.
2d Monday in Jan. do.
Last Monday in Dec. do,
1st Wednes’y in Jan. do,
Ist Monday in January ..
onday in Dec. bienn,
onday in January...
ree ee eS
43. PRINCIPAL CANALS IN THE UNITED STATES,
Lake Champlain and Erie Canal, ..| 64
5c Rome and Black Riverea: ees 85
a st Syracuse and Oswego, ............ 88
as ae Binghamton and Wtica ees. ore: 97
“ Montezuma and Geneva si c5.. 21
te $s Seneca Lake and Chemung River, .} 33
ee New
6
-»[Pa. and Ohio, Beaver R
Chesapeake & Delaware,.
City and Easton, Pa, ...... 102
srunswick ‘and Bordentown,.} 43
Delaware... ss suueman Pennsylva’a, |Bristol and aston © © Set aoe 60
high: Aven... ee i! ss Easton and Great Falls of Lehigh R.| 84
Seb EUs, Maee ss At Philadelphia and Port Carbon, ..../108
Iniony | Mieka | gC Reading and Middletown,......... 82
Pennsylvania C. andR, R. “a Columbia and Pittsburg, ....._. 276
Susquehannah Division,. -j a Duncan's Island & Northumberland! 40
West Branch Division, ..| oL Northumberland and Farransville 13
North Branch Division, .| si Northumberland and Lackawanna, 73
Beaver Division, ..., 2... | “s Pittsburg and Erie,,../3.;........ 136
Iver and Akron,*......... §2
Del. and Md.|Delaware River and Back Creek,..} 14
--|Maryland, |Alexandria and Hancocks. onan. 143
.-|Va. & N. ©. |Portsmouth and New Lebanon, ...| 28
..| Virginia, Richmond and Lynchburg,........ 146
.-|N. Carolina, |Weldon and Blakely, 5.22235. 28 36 14
-./8. Carolina, |Charleston and Santee River, ..... 22
--|Ohio, Portsmouth and Cleveland,....:.. 309
ere ieee Cincinnati, Wabash, and Erie,..... 180
.-|Ind. & Ohio, Lafayette and Moled0wen- ccc. eee 143
oie Indiana, Lawrenceburg and Cambridge,....; 68
.- Dlinois, Illinois River and Lake Michigan, .1100
Re NESssinicics cleteserepieriers
| William Penn... ......
Wrench) .iscs ac stone. oo
|French a protaiainintateiseieta
(Brenly ssid ecicee oa.
[Spanish “io... ssieweciee
Hrénch:, 225 cccsriecce
LAtrrupE AND LONGITUDE @
PLAOES IN THE UNITED STATE»,
With their distances from Washington
44.
Lat. |*Long. Dis,
Place, North. West th
B's meee Males
Albany; ...-s.- N. Y. |42 89/73 44) 876
Alexandria,....Va. 38 49\/77 4' 6
Amherst, .... .Mass, |42 22/72 Bly 883
Annapolis, ....Md. [88 58/76 83/ 3%
Auburn). anes N, Y. [42 55/76 28) 389
Angusta,.:.:.. Ga. {83 28/81 54} 580
AUOUSida eee Me _ ‘44 18/69 50} 593
Baltimore,..... Md. {39 17/76 37] 88
Bangor; eeceiee Me. /|44 47/68 47) 661
Boston ere Mass, |42 21/71 4) 439
Bridgeport,....Conn, |41 10/73 1 284
BraSto)s = sae 2.1. {41 40/71 17] 409
Brooklyn, ..... N. Y. [40 41/78 59) 227
GOITaIO; ea ee N. Y. |42 68/78 55] 376
Burlington, ...N. J. [40 5/74 52) 156
Burlington, . 44 27/73 10) 440
soa Nae
Cambridge(Obs.) Mass, |42 22/71 8] 431
Canandaigua, . N. Y. |42 54/77 17| 336
Cape Ann,..... Mass, |42 38,70 84) 470
Cafe Cod, ..... Mass, [42 2/70 8! S07
Castine: 43. Me. ./4 22/68 45
Sharleston, ....S. GO, |32 46/79 57| 544
Charlestown, ..Mass, [44 22/71 3] 433
Chicago, .... .. Il. 42 0/87 85! 763
Cincinnati, ....Ohio, [89 5/84 27 497
Columbia, ....8.C. [33 57/81 7| 500
Columbus, ....Ohio, [39 57/83 8] 396
Concord) :32 N. H. [48 12/71 2 474
Detroituees. Mich, |42 24/82 58] 528
Dover, g262 Del. {39 10/75 80) 114
Dover! so-5 8 N. H. |43 18/70 54] 490
Eastport, .... .Me. 44 54/66 56) 778
Frankfort,..... Ky. [88 14/84 40} 551
Fredericksb’rg, Va. |88 84/77 88] 58
Greenfield, ....Mass, |42 85/7:
Hagerstown,...Md. |89 87|77 85! 68
Halifax, ......N.8. 144 89 68 86) 938
Harrisburg, aoa 40 16/76 50) 110
Hartford, .... .Conn. |41 45/72 40] 335
Holmes’s Hole, Mass, (41 27/70 86| 457
Hudsons). N. Y. |42 14/78 46] 345
Huntsville, ....Ala, [34 86|g6 57| 728
Indianapolis, ..Ind. |39 55/86 5| 573
Jackson! woe, Miss, |82 23/90 an
: 80
Key West, ....Fa [24 82\g1 47
Knoxville, ..
Lexington, ....Ky. [88 6/84 18 534
Little Rock, ..
Jefferson, .....Mo. |38 86/99 i
Louisville,..... Ky. |88 8185 Oy 380
Lowey ee, = Mass. |42 88/71 19} 430
Lynchburg, Sa Vis 87 86/79 22) 198
Middletown,...Conn, [41 33/72
Milledgeyille,..Ga. |83. 7/gg 19} 642
Mobiles 2a. Ala, {30 41/87 59/1033
Montpelier, ...Vt 44. 1772 86] 524
Montreal,...... C.E. |45 ree 85, 601
Nantucket, ....Mass. [41 16/70 6° 490
Nashville, ..... Tenn. |86 9/86 49] 714
INBECHEZ NS ke scare Miss, |81 84/91 24/1148
Newark, .... ..N. J. |40 45/74 10} 213
New Bedford, . Mass. |41 88/70 55! 429
Newbern,...... N.C. /85 20/77 5) 337
Newburyport, .Mass. |42 48/70 52] 468
Neweastle,..... Del. [89 40/75 88] 103
New Haven, . .Conn. /41 18/72 56! 301
New London,..Conn. |41 22/79 9! 854
New Orleans,..La. 29 57/99 ~—‘([1203
Newport, ..... R. I. [41 29/71 19} 402
New York,....N. Y. [40 42/74 1] 226
Worfolks c= 2). Va. 36 50176 18} 217
Northampton, .Mass, |4
Norwich, ... ..Conn. {41 33 72 7| 862
Pensacola, ..... Fa, 80 24/87 10/105¢
Philadelphia, ..Pa. 89 56/75 9} 13¢
Pittsburg: <.... Pa. {40 82/R9 2) 208
Plattsburg, ....N. Y¥. |44 42/73 26] 539
Plymouth, . ...Mass, |41 57/70 40] 489
Portland: 2... <. Me. {48 39/70 18
Portsmouth, ..N. H. /48 7
Poughkeepsie, .N. ¥. |41 41/73 55) 303
J.
Princeton,..... N. 40 20/74 39) 177
Providence, ...R. I. {41 49/71 24| $94
Quebec; «. 3... OC, E. |46 49/71 16) 781
Raleigh, .. .... N.C. 35 47\78 48! 286
Richmond, ....Va. [37 32/77 27] 129
-Rochester,.....N. Y :43 8177 51] 361
Sable (Cape), .. Fa. 24 50/81 15
St. Augustine, Fa. 29 48|81. 85] 841
St. Lonis, ..... Mo. 88 87/90 15} 856
Salemy 2.2.. Mass, |42 31/70 53] 446
Savannah, ....Ga. 32 4/81 8! 662
Springfield, ...IIl. 39 48/89 83} 801 .
Springfield,....Mass, |42 6/72 85] 337
Tallahassee, ...Fa. |80 28/84 86] 896
Trenton, .... ..N. J: |40 14/74 46] 166
Troy, ern N. Y. /42 44173 40] $83
Tuscaloosa, Ala, 1/83 12/87 491 958
tica, . ve» N.Y. 48 6/75 18 883
Vandalia, ...... Ill, 88 50/89 2: 78)
Vevay, -......-Ind. 88 46/84 59. B58
Vincennes, ....Ind, \38 43/87 25. 693
WASHINGTON,..D. Cy OSoclnia
7/80 42 264
Wheeling, .....Va [49
Wilmington, ..Del. 39 41175 28 1
Wilmington, ..N. ©, |34 11:78 10 41¢
Worcester, .....Mass, |42 1671 48° 804
Yorktown, ....Va, |87 13,76 34,
* Tho Longitudes are reckoned from Gree
wich, England,GENERA
L
AND Se
VIEWS
O; ) N THE [ NII
4 ED ST
Oe rn
Naine
. 5
Ban . =
gor and Pi ual
is
Kennebec ani Parnas. SeeSiites
. rose na... * ROO RDODC
York peta and rere ee Maine... Pleees Cor
Buck sutgber/anc. se Sasi ac se Rae Bangor and O mnected,
ndrosco MNCs ee w.cive.<ieitie ele s++|----do veeeeee|Portl ld Tow "th.
ggin. cinva e's’ cielo e wielewe's c ate'slarnle's and ¢ Wh..
Atlantic a Mees sacslehidieeee Soci Macce .-|Danville and RGR ee fect N
Portland, § Lawrence sia ce peice sin alee Aye OS ae Portland nd AUBUSE ooo ec eeee see 12 bRelvi ames.
B - Saco and Portsmouth. sere sees nd and MEN tare illo elvid
oston and Mai A earismia ui -do.. -|Mech id Gorhat terville. ..| 60 [Burli ere and D
Concord ( Muine®.... Tih Maine a ic. ADALCATY. nla alls and By Lsceiten, < acm amen 5 55 Ebrliteten aay Slaswates States
Concord Ber charant ca seseseeenes CIs A SoOsa6¢ Y.| Portland ¢ en. R. Roa ented ENE a 10 Hi ladelhie wn t. Holly Bee aaee N fi aa
Sree laremont.. Me ee cee Mass. _N.H., Me. Portland aa Northwnil Livermore Fi ie. 13 edema am renton .. ehivsata te ’ oeeoey ~ ty laces Connected.
ost Riniciue ele.emess Arg eee | NCW H: B : n¢ P i yerlan alls..| 2 | ndel ae Prenton sa csiescnse 3 do... wate su rento : :
5 on, Concord sarenroderael os eves i 1mpshire Sosten and Po ortsmouth. ieee =0 Philude phia and Re: own & Morris Pel panneclonn ies Burli n and Lambertvi tut Bd Mth
Baek: nd Montreal . ainteete oo ye Nashua and onlend Pete ee 199 §Philad iphie SHEDS ading. istownp ; ylvania pha neton*and? sl ertville ious
week : ncllooeet aa ar «e)eiere ve seeeeeerel O de anes n ee eae aee AOL ilude 2 ou erat ewe a
Nou Har Valley. Moe weet ele dom = Coes CONCOTG. eee eeeeeeeee 1 Lancaster and 1 Pennsylvania. ..-..2+-. Hebe Philidelphin and nant Holly. sere. Sarai o
ampshire Centr sees cewerues siete ord NCO seeeeeeseeeeeeese: or: id Harri Vanidesseseeee.[eeedOseeceee, Phi shin a One eere Le
Ports ] ire Ce ore n Sedo ee Cc and Bradford. ..s.esesseeescees riage Rrricbaree ee .do _.|Philadelohi nd Morri Cte 6
. smouth . seen hime eee neeeeee oncord WfOrd ss sceeeeeeree eens a= IPennsvivania.. a ye ae eeae ahs elphia < rristow eee
Cochew and Concord caineweeas OTT Epc Bellows and Warren on a a ee 3s TY BUR ere anetae eee ea ; iG ee Philadelphia and Pottsville Ti ae 30
Great Falls and Co oe ee cceace Bete ag an ee Cc d and Warren ..c.c.reeereseeeee. cork VIVA aes ceceeeeeeeees Mg: ee ee Philade , and Pitts cee : .* 7
eat Fall «ee emis ae ontoce nd W eve 69 §C ain ch ae ee ; Iphiz burs a ae
SE era Be ee S| Meat ete ise Merce and Hill wnesor SoS ae 7 Cumberland wipeslend Bae: : te ee aint Ditters aS ADE Cnltiniiaen K a
Cheshi and Law SB aod ct eee ..do +seeeeee| Ports ster and GN Gee Oe Or anklin alley che... ae : in 1 lied: ollidays eee h reimee tee vos 9/369
lre rence ROC A Oda sa. ortsn Alen kere scene 71 PPran lin owes ceec eee. emer ee ‘ ysburg : Ure. revere :
Connecticut River an G+ ssenes .do Lic DRS and Cor NiRGr. ccc, oe ee 14 ea acelphle, Ww be eT ae eee jon. Harrisburg: OB and Ti sin nee 82
Se eat Hyer aa er see N. HL. and Mi ... (Great ae BERT 5 aes oe 26 tore ‘ind Vilmington ani a cee P Gee Rae ors ERNE ne Pittsburg Stowe eee : 26
Verinc and Massacl rrelow® eseces = ass.|M at Falls and Mi Rs ce eee UAE auch Ch usqueha 2 altimo _..|Penn. and Md... arrisburs ieUPIIS DURE ee eeepeee ce ot JD
ynt Vall achusetts viajeie'as «s ss anchest ligne cee > IMin , unk and § anna. re..|Pa Md...|Ct re und C ay cee lo4g
Rata Bley. oi do ; Bel s and Milton vssseseseeceeesess 9 e Hill dq Samminiiee . Del. an .|Chambe Pah herein re ee
anda ¥ ad ceadiu pene 17 and Mas lows Fr Re ao . eekall 28 Little Schuviki rite iheee ee P nd Md. > rsburyg ¢ erchure tr ae g
pcserl Ree en sce e pee OS vc ae ene 1] Sorina and Riehbn "ee. Sse ues 13 me Schuy kill Ceavecvaciaeae Wb soodohes +|Penn. and ie Poe eas g and Hagerstows eer ccsncee 56
Jermont C Wi. wees Bite” tes mont. itchboro’ , Mass,, and rae es Gee 2 felon cone ci a eee a >nnsylvania M: sburg and B erate arraltinora! 99
Conn : entral® civemewees see eee gers B) ro’ and B d Keene, N tee 6 Dance evecceesccseeetee rene: e705 o. tuch Ct ultimore Baltimo ~
ecticut x ceewnece “eh em cel ok dot ae attlebor rattleb aNd 34 ILackaw vee tseesteneeeeeeereaess Fee ets “I Sct enn Rind Sunnie El: re,| 98
Ratla and Pa serene ..do --.-|Bel o’ and | ce Ce GC tanta 7 awan owe ee ae - 0... uyll d Sun a 3
an . ssu . co seeee ceieiee lov NellawetEuligh ee 73 4Ci Anna & ge ale ase eee ‘kill an ane
Troy ate W Bennet’. / Rivers. douhentias Ncreapeee and Burl Ralisheee ee 69 II BRenang sendy eee ieee cee . sup 2. As Ns Pena pe remvony Tie aes &
Easte oston ae AG Woes Bo Wi ningt netons. ore oe 9 = and Vesterns.esesesersee OC dee mton a Aencniahe One:
astern. seeeeceee | Verm't and N ndsor nd ea eet ee 24 JErie Sus . Meseeeceeseesee ef cs cOeae ese Phi nd Law Gnas. cs 12
w ate: gee pao Vermitand Naw Ww hite rice House's ee ane teens 120 Bese Northeast. Peveeneseseseeefee a sate ciate Boe ee ad eee Hebei coe o*: 20
OS tc 9. releases eo ener Ae 0... ro d Rouse’s Point....- 20-0... 83 fOhi i Northeast... ooo. oss. ee rao ee ey end einem <1 H
B ston and Worces es) ae Se ntaleinia Ma pete weecees y and Rutla igntand' Sve oo Yhio and P ‘ingvillovdnd AckeaGaine : ao tthe 8 Carbonda and Scranton WIT vs ce 10
On ton and Low an ee oa, ci LSS os N.H LOY, und Nx paWOt os Jolnsbury. 57 §Cleveland uectueae Ashtubula sacs tier aed 2 Wilkest id and Scranton. «.-.-...2..0+-. 6
d Colo ell.«. ceewecseaes - ass. N.Y Boston a F ee re ae 61 Cinci . and Pi dnith.o sce ees Per ie apie Eri sbarre and W SU <Seee | 45
Fitch NY sees Eee - | Massachusetts. . Boste and Ports figton. eee g cinnati, Cl ttshure.... 2) nn. and Ohio. rie and St White Haven... ..
MTZ. weveveusecue seeeeeee luselts, ston and A ‘tsmouth agra mes 5 [Little Miami A cela natn Gniges ae _.do io. |Clevel: state Line Vento. sae, } 21
Peterboro’ Pe SS See Seas woreeets ado .|Boston and ; Ibany.. Moveseseeeescesere 99 [Cinci fiami and M and oe a see ay cl ocaapance Pittsl ATR TEN: Are ae ens |e 20
Biouchton ane Shirley wccccessees Be dali get: Boston ana . PAMY se eserscseeceeeeeeees 54 (Day Anzatl, ee River ibus* --d0 NoannoCS SERINE and wWwinete Ae ee. a0 19
Harv: ranch Pee creas. Vag ah i cae Bo and Worcester.....++.eseseesee. 2 and S ni ican ol, [ence ittsburg and C Signe: amen a :
Ware Cache |... oe een ag aaa Besta Bug Pa auth eerste cas bise 45 eeaey i racebte eS oa 0 ee eines ae ose Manes Ind
own B pees ee 0.06 eeceesseen aclsiveGne < . and Fil samt te a “ ac ee ee : Rage incin ‘ aie Bevel: Sie: ’
Lexi ranch esse ...do --|Gre MAUL eeeesesvereeeenees 96 RC y Branch... es.ssceecese eens eee <r nutiandS and bs 10
ngton areeee eee |. cdo,..... »ton and thburg. inicicice's's 6 §Colum! NEM vv nssaeeeeesanee ees - paeiia. aan Cinci 1 nd Sandus ieee ()
Lane and W.C eras a .do »+++|Bos d Pitchburgs es seseeeeeeeeeeee a7 BS nhas and a hia ee 10.0 nnati and sky CiQGe Q55
ancaster ease taeescnscnceces| eee Don on ston and S n Villa seesevee of andustk d Xeni ye eal Oe Agee ne: Dayto d Daytc eee S: )
Dedh and Sterli ge Bra : ..do --+-| Bos Stough Tee: 5) §C sky, M qecees ges ° Ores me yCOL and Sprinefi ion eee 218
am B ing Bra eee | odo. cess ton and ghton. eeecsuce 59 gCentral i mnehelilfandiNerca: : “do. eee Cary a , eee
Norc ranch., nelie.s.< oe rane ia eae Bost : d Cambri eenethie aa ee 93 Da al Ohio digad i Newon cena Oks eciwere nay nd Findlay SPER | 60
On hester and Milt ereee Be Wa do. Bastin and se Reina 8 ae 12 Heston and t AE Ae Warkessre.c. ee Rana Andi Sa Lis; Se a ob 94
pepe oes Branch , AMHeH: coos ck: dan eee Boston and Lexicon nite aes 3 gociunal SAN eo Sea hota: eel Jolumbus LS anne Ry koe sates | 16
ckopee waar e scleciacenec.e 0 eGDO.ceeseee ston and Fe WM vseeeeeenereecyes « kron eNVIN es ava esse nese eens 2 hig ae Sandusky enia. ee
Brookline Falls Branch ove oe a'en ce Ee oc OO sizes .-| Boston and Feltonville Seer n ‘ g Erica Franch ee aril Parkoreharoiie oie ieee: Nav: we) City Kets oe sseseeeeeeese jee
Nauiton gee? eae nate cS weleic ee ee ee Boston ae Dedham Sar page ES 11 Michiga Kalamacce ee urg.. dO eens Dayton hd denesler es ae Co 5A
Bax r unch,. ie cece, do ae. Midd Milton: Sree sere 34 TT) 1d Kalama 700.00 ooseesnee ns Ee Pee seeece - C ‘and Zanesville. ..2+2ss0s2se0e- 16
tony Bro Branch. meee se Laces Gt at eee Sanaeneute and Sandwich..... ae 93 Michings, Branch and Northern Indiana alec uisisie. es Hills cauroue eee 26
Fit VOR. oan cee eene st ae i Bos = ‘and Sandwich... cesses. g BD Ban Gentine oe cove ndiana|\ fich..|'T : and Akro a arkers ena 35
Sade and Worcest ee eeeeeeees BIOS ON IO Ce) oe Soes° Benin and Mroklinese Ralis.. 28 Madisa and ane OS eee She ey Oat ace Ind. & Ill. rote and Aden Spee sferslate burg... {179
Norfolk Coun Worcester «e+. eseeseesess: soocamangeace -| Nadie andy Newton Se eet | *Eubrerre Hi and IMAC oss e eee es ese ns Mich. Ind & lil Rane Ghicaeon sees aoe ne 20
Fall Ri ounty.... Rte eee rf miaeves do. ¥ cei: LOWell and Saxonville aieue wn i ee HOOCOOC 4 bShelt Haute and ananolis oe a Sake a Michie nd & Ill. Dewan and Tecunseh iis CG es. 32
E 3 1Vefuece ovoeneanat alarcie a la 6 do ehecece W and Groto miniera pin cia eT utele 12 K a yy Ville La ichmond SA OSA I s gan.... D ] and Chic: ISEB. ee ecascen eee ae 1047
USSEX. 20s cag ah bese osseseccece y wie'ere'e orcester and Mee nsas woerececaes < nightstow intarall Branch ae sal ridin tine ee etroit and P NEOie lees. | 7
Balen oatineliee a Mer AL fier « sco: wee cogs Boson and nd Fitehburg...., ee 7 pany and SI Shelby vill Seas Weal Sidon are Tere i and Sa ae gee... ee
sowell and J TE eek shi oe soc tdolecce corse oston and’) PitchDUMBe ees eeees eee ee uafayet Shelbyvil laetistk ane. wide, Heme erre Ha itn eevee CE Malia
New B nd Lawre sclsiecs~ ase eae [eee QO veeeee| Bost a Blacketone me eo og [indi vette and Indi yville. felis. | ined tis eee: j Edi aute and Indi Ts gue | 95
mi edf nce.. eniejeejuie’s aviewi'ee Boston and F ong et ) dianapoli ndianapoli ae Pie eaaO.s : nburg and $ dianapolis We cs
Pittsfi ord and T seccees +] +---d0 -+-|Sal all Riv secenes --+| 19 BN polis and polis ee lS oe ee Shelt nd Shelbyvi is.2e .| 86
sfield ¢ nunto omeapes eseeee em andl r11Ver, ero; . ew Alt Bellefe se teeee OO se . »yville vyville., ee S
Wore ind North Meeee wee]eee-do -+++|Sale ifwrencesns... . ; 5 Pefie yany and POLIS esesseeeenee|eesdOsecsersss Rushv and Knigh . -| 73
. ester Adar eeooevecs waletate ole 2m and I ce... ae ae vv ersonv d Salem ame aks a dorm: . iville a g Stow BETS arg )
Nast and Nas NS.ee ee eo do eee Lo ' well Se es ae 54 P ille Tes . oc wele Lat nd Shelk ne 16
ashua, I hua.. ceasecscee eee salem and Lowell. «.sssseeeeeseeeee ‘ effersonville.....sceeereereeees a pe dOsacre AS wyette ar Fuwille aeRO co eS
Boston » Lowe) and Wilton. Cae Ma VdOsse cass ¢ Mansfield PEE WIRnCe ns AO OUOONOAGOC se -| 9) qEvansv Indianapolis. aya elevnia eievarelaters ; OMe va side teeny METS Se, RP wate a
TOV eee eevee a, ares F nee and N. H. Bitisield and North Goa oe sect t ees oe pciAns Cental. [iindigs =) ee Be ee a0 ie cee Jette Albany nud pee ae seeeee 62
onington neeeetar es alain’nix ecalee “| . orcest ‘ rth Ada ae : Sanga ale ee Re edo: eeee i ersonvi u iet ae
Is Bea N eseree er ¢ Fk Se ae ane Sonneries ille TCC eae coco aneron
Roe n and Providence. SH loss and R.1.. TOven SRE eate Seeeseeveees ak mton and oes Morpatis. 5. scoes oo pas baldotees ea. oer and aaa Gohabus celeste « sae 6
eecss eel eoeel ‘ Ree 5 ten: 2 rf Morgan.......seeeseeeees DO eee uve > anapolis eee : ‘
New Hevea yoiinaencres eet :] Conn. aid ie. Brochenee Wilton... -ss1ssedye0+e0 veee] 46 9C aricaanias SDEAMON si aeo2 ect tei ene igs cae Sue enh pOliSseeveerees sere a
7:8, A ee and Providence...<.e+sesese12. i Bo ney ee eR 5 Ree nol
Hou aven, Hartf antic and Pal 5 . om and Doe. Provid nce and Wor Deere 30 Aur £0 and Rock I nigh ee ee oF Nia. a team Sprin fi Aline andindiananolis ee 12
suton ford a rier. and Mass.|N idenc enc eae ee ora B Union esse sccee eee dO gfield a anAnolis Ae abe
Can al, N IC .. see nd Springfield ..do ass. | Norwict e and Stonin Tewseres mS 43 St. Cl ranch.. nd.. ie on eS dO weneer Alton and ane Naples, polis.... 5 27
Westfield B "Haven and Narthanint al doce: New han Wareertr ees: 43 Mica Branch,.... ae Ry ae ..-| Chicago Cee Tei * Sei ae wie. A
Pare ea ranches aa orthampton. Sy Cc . “a0: a : ho Red ad New London and Palmer. een Serer 50 Neweastle ene Mississippl ne oa ae ale % wee eae . do eee he aeaes and Roe a) i wa euee A oe R90
rovidenc alley. adie a wafake ere naneniicuteen ridgep n Sprin perce ee «++| 66 avltir nd French ha el cee poe: ele urora. Gal a asi, Le Bt
e eceece aeneéen aw porta 2 £ Tage oe om - nore : tow aon E rs cue ee ere Ss ‘ulena and Chicaso Jur .| 92
New lence Bara sooa ere tiany “isn Conn. and Mass. new snorkel Eitieie POP sae Gf " Lae goteenas ee 2 RO Wisconsin. as aris harles, mie one Chicago aaan Sean 40
ew ane 1 ae. ‘ariffvi = Pittsfield. = sese.seeseseees 52 n ; ranc ee eeseere aiaie/e arate Lilwau and n
Danba aaa nd Ne Wann es eeeeeee Gra aest cay ate 2 antvl and a Tennis ee es ere 110 eae and SCS eee. 8 eveveses Md. aes atatete Newcastle ane Wy hitew retmee Junetion :
: y Ar esevesees a 7 ea. ' za\Aeie/ere.e wie Ne st mie Pp n ge nee eae ee | LLY, AN ce alti euinban As eB EBL og
Middletoy i Norwalk. WON eee e nears doc. .| Bristol and ne Surinegelieees al 45 pRichmond, net 2 pa ee Le ae Muryland... Ba ere eras renchtown... ee 56
Naneatites n Branch weecscccece Wie do... coe New Tes | Springtield.,.+.+.2+++.2+2, 14 Richmond Fredericksburg an Poe ate .* 7 ee pee aed Seer: fee A) 17
7 - ee wrattintsie e & AP EAE RA sigieie' sere 5 = t ere oe 2 8 te ag Wi Sea The a)*. 0h asm eee i
ew Voriiand NewiH Leone doe No See New Vandana Ee yeere ue nd Petersburg and Potomac. .|V a and Penn.. Staaten and De eRALS so-- | 282
ane i ’ aueleaaee'es eeee eeeeee 1 ( a Bs aa . irgi DUTE sess eens teh Blatt mo areslis WT anetlontee ‘ ‘
Hele ed ew Hiveniicsss4resos > ise Middleto and Norw Stoningtones.s..0+.000. 50 Richmo contra faa RR EM: “ Deena Aquia aeee Columbia. Secor 1
C a veeseenes See RR i chmond and Danvil ee welsiaaev aee einen Oc eat are es ant R avaieie Bae
Huds . ; ceeeeee BlliGoniiand Nake B awaited New Brite. 12 AW nd and D seeeees : Virgin .|Richmo ichn toes .
udson Rive Salscle pleaa‘s © RR Ly nn. oc N.Y. Sree ae aad New Britain ADO inchester and anville..... ie ae a WAN nia & N. C.|Pete iond and Petersb 1Ong ace 76
Albany a Pescvese wacaste else ew York New York Wirctedt ee ae 94 fAppomato a patna ce ginia.... R rsburg and W ipa ee eee 76
Aen anions oe ORR dose, auth, Brookins gener eds vssesreeeeessase Me soath Side cee sian orale Pe cel ee “aes edo Seas 7s Richmond and ean (N. 2 ee. Q2
7 ya d ate ale eeeeee jeewaacae [New Havens. r.-+2++++25 32 South Sider. sacssseee, Pit Seeeer es od ee ee m vill BD easac ee ¢
tica an nd Utica senere + +-d0.. ew Yor Sen POLO cuke o pth, Siders seeseaeecereececeseess . Deeeeeee ond and \ Cuneeee --| 64
Byes A RRRGERE Racin aeons |" Ga fedeate | NOW York and Albanveeeeccaue lt: v5 1620 Greenville and Roanok see eseree ees ae a vee eect Ferry Se ee ee we 104
Ss” e@evcce #eeee . eons e x SAAN Kanye es bk elas 95 ee y3
Boman LENG Benes ("aor sl gexaae and nd Albany; co cescsscseese 153 Reaboard and Roanoke... 2eeeeeeeeese. sen oe Petenbte andy a saspeten 32
uffalo a uffalo S:0'¢,¢.0,01¢,a:0 0 te ]eee- GO, .+-.|Schenectad SAbnr arent agin Ta! ae 53 fGaston and eae eae | Toone Vv Rerereras Al and City Points... .20s2r0ss-5 39
Roch nd Niaga eveces seeewele cee Uti vtady and Uti Yuueuoee : 150 Weld Raleigh Ce ee oak irgini & , “NX exandria Bohs a Cae a Gh ae: \
ester, L E ra Falls, eae eeeee oe e GOs ica and S ican ee ee oo ‘ mand Raleigh. seeseeseseeseess N.C. lick PAU TENOREM itl gece . 0
New Y ockpo ae ses d sano ts! yracuse , eee-ce 17 gWilmi Aleigh.sosceesssevssceesao| Nor cksford (V on Mill oss 6s
or rt an @eosecceese oe GO. yracuse eens i Oa A i mingto ngton SSNS CS N S25 Heo oe P a. ) weatGactan (NICS 2
Albany niga Bs ‘ nD Niagara eli: ee eke ruck an banaa cee: oa us sont ton and Wee chetee eee rth ‘Carolina. Roe (Va.) ein (N. on ae 30
roy and B uffalo*® se eawebeeeee i AO slaiwalenie Aaland uffalo, woeeecesecees vx 20 umbia B dora ect ere cyte es . N. h Fees Wel and Raleigh eldon (N. C. es viele 2h
Northern uffalo. alcisixies eieik Aaclekts d on ee ROCK Niagara F sae Cae -|104 King’s \ ranch. yee ge : aye C. and § S.C. =ldon and Wilmington... Moc 80
ee incense ple Seis. oo U0. e)61910 ester : cee ee ne fountai seveeee’ “s.° So WwW Tealeinee oe ee
une Be | ane strand Spal ee cis hain: Cnareton an Mgt oot ue
attsbur ome eee eee wweee chet a0 ¥.e70)2 bany and Soria Bok icone cx arlotte ahd South Cay AE OE «DOsewee ee Col on and Au Tncticn cewee [00
Char gand M Bao ey euues it .|Tr and Dunkirk .esesss essen 76 #Greenvi One ea ceaeeaseeeeeentnsnn stor DP p= umbia and ausial (Giese eee 162
nplain a ontrenl oad seed oy and Butt Pasig en = ane 469 AC nville and C sstdbanteencovecens | rpdOla ssa Chester Banchvillo tcc e x
arate a wetes * #4068 eduvette y - z ‘ Vv ill ay 1499
yee and ng Hs Lawrence.....+.. ae Nae acd : SENET LE Oat ae eceeevs aro genial ae olumbia ....... we oie nieleye N. o. Ore sietaieiain Camden lem ad Aer reseile ae oe ae eras He
sien Whitehall ee Ree... ues es ° Canada. Romennd Cape Rouse’ fe Points ce 331 Secarcans ee SAE cea Gi --do.. ae a scammer Junction. oe ee 32
and B n ast] eoseveesee ase. s sburg & nceent © 916) 0101818 «ie il @StOMM es eeeeeaeeseeseesesecnsces eorg eens ener yreen ve har; vce “>,
Barat oston tleton. sine s N. Y. Paes | AO er Gn trenluae ene: U fMbuscogee,..sossseessecssseaee 1a.. ville and C eer See A4
atoga and essce etees and Mas use’s Point Ser Sais oe ee 97 CEs ee suas e ceases tescsescenestr 2 de vanes .. {Sava olumbi: een eeeres
ou - eenecee seeee o Smenranicaal ae < A BIN eons ee eweueesen teen cee COs hie nnuh ¢ cas ees 9
Sr eee cree NY: and Ver [toy and an and Montiel cseisssce Hise asa Wajnarccs igh: femme oo i
anandal cuse secencoer E do. iV; and Cc ockbri cae ce « aegient ; Ss ran h eee Sia alt ea ort V Brae a | eee
Cay algua a dE se eeee : eeeees N igiaeecl ° Mic astleto ldge.. | 47 Maco Ch... eeccccce ao.. alley and OTDe avs sceveduuerser 1191
uga a nd Elmirs cise. e ew York roy and E Newees eorsenne 3 acon ara Westerneee cevee | ea Ue eTlGelumbusic.. ee : :
Tro 5 nd Sus MBAS aeecces ST at cte's Ss; agle Brid av atarata Bie .| 34 Milled : estern Be So wie HAO soe sta and Atl iiss eee 50
y an squeha Wainetsian'e woe edO.ee iratoga ldgZe... seeseces - WE dgeville and Gordon... erecees|ers Pea cce [Que (iste let ee
Bute ean Annahiscseveeseseees (orsdOls sen ae Oswego and Schenectady... eos ceRls Aes eto and (Gorlon ccs Mh csed: tah? ek ae Soa Atantie sss essenes eo ried 7)
Now tnre Beer IB vsseeeesterneces ees: ve eOsesenene Cone at STI staat ze epneceenisis 99 ere and eocsneuartuscensceeseeesen ee Spieereeisie Ascon and and Athens... coer ereccess 5}
ilo, C : Valais ano 6 apinidicn thew elves <n.8 wero and Reyen eae aes aay Qe as siessee and Georgia evecesere tq ovececce neon and Aslan. =o... seesnt os
Buff: orning teeeee eevnse Ghia e Lk. Cayu duiow egies 35 jRome and Georgi cates clever Ore nd Atlanta accesso enntts 40)
alo a and N ace eiirie ~ «0. .| Troy and G fa... se eeees ONE tees ec xeorgia seseeles .»..-|Hatont edgeville saeeeeee (
Corni nd New Y ew York pied al 2 d Ce enanene| aunt yreenbush eeeeeees ‘ y WLagrange .«.csss aes se eneees ws Sieleeis A on and Mill aetece «. | 101
ng 4 ork Ci sis.e.ee paomilesie alo to P sone Oa .| 70 HN FC vase o0,4\e5.se/8/8 eeeee |UCOTE! ....| Atlanta edgeville eeeeeeeens 17
Willi nd Blo ity. nec ee weeeeee (Ch ennsylv seevere ‘ {ontzo ce eeere SO ia & Ten D and Chat sree ma
iams ssburg vaceniie *° xo . . ester and N ania State cine inte 6 AT mery and West Point. aes. {Georgia n.|Dalton a tanooga, (T chee ae is
New port and El awiete ie castes Ce aareec|COF i ewbu e ‘Lines uscuml W act Poi mares cee weed K nd Londo enn.) '
mir eeeeece Rion ning and W ree 69 AN vbin and D nt.. eo eefens dO -e-+| Kingston ERO acpi cee 140
Cam ersey, Ne Ae. oeeee (N.Y A ayle secieee 9 A Mobil ecaiu waccee Rees A Seeaunearata tes. tts (
den : w York eeeeee cy aaa Pp. ttica and I and.. Sdeietenes 19 e and Ohi Yess weeee Alabam ....|Atlanta SE. ceos tee Se
Caind and Amb and Philadel enn.|Co lornells weer g ,Nashvill ak se eneceees AMA .see0+ |W and West seeeeee .| 82
ee Oy.. iladelphia| Nev 0. rning and B ville.. veeeeeee 45 4S ille and Ch SA wone|eos dO ....| West Po Balntckewas eee saa, 20
T and A vies ees p ‘A esaeeose V (est nme all Biers a hell Atta AINA ODOC seek RET > int and 3 ae y
Naw. Je Bredehe ae: Branch: (i:,40 ws Newaeary ‘ ees and be os eeen| 00 Louisv vice Branch NOOB. eseeseeesees eee hOiNss i ase and Montgomery. Mics. ssioll
oo¥e shenees vr] oeeedO.e be ira , sevsocere 5 an see eeewee ‘ #09. 6.6.2 nn a6. *10;5 | a reat eae eh gQ
ree Beta ce foe 2 Now Work and adel oo | i eee oo Asa iP
on. Central co eceseeseseseeceea|. os eeare New Brunswi outh “Amboy econ eceaceees 87 Picks ores nnd Frankfort ceesssccoo ee nee oe Sea Cittanooga se o* wale 34
- a hid/eieww'e' e/a Seaacwante eel aed oer rent Feiantlelrentolke: .. Racers 20) inton and Leen Teor cece ae Wivicrecin Louisv and Wart few e seen naeene ,
eae wisinia Ores on and B renton ..| 65 BN Port H ckson ..do iisville a race 1151
iis LL Sate Now" Vorklan Sete aae seeveerecees| 29 eae Gulf. [udson ..++++ mees ese us Mississippi... - Lexington en ROMAETGH.. ccac coe 8
aa ais N. ay .|Newa d Easton ACO NOOMCOOUIC = eee OrleaniaanatGairalen a atoratk aleipia’e NTiss. pi _|Vickst DN RAERIOEL Gc sane teen 6
and N. Y¥.. fi |Bomey Cy Dover saemaeicna ce ..| 6 ¥New Orlea s and Carrolton ce ceneeees ** lLoui and La.. Clin sburg and Brandon foe ase 2
‘ r City ar ig NR RSC eeeaecs 7 W ans and Lake Pontchartrai ~~ | LOUISIANGa, . 2% ton and Brandon ceesessssss2s Bat ee
Ce Asenetnart < Roca cckos 44 est Felieiana. ake Pontchartrain .. ax iete'|(averete 15° 8 “|New Orleans uu tlndsen code ee rl GO
eon abieiaaniaga ss 2K 33 sfeiniais a ainiele 2 c'e do woe. |New Orlea HN proetGrevnle. «oats Ot
De ns lamPni os koe eee Mi seenseeeee Ne ns and Carrol Os vereene OF
—— iss. and La, ow Orleans and I ater. ees 27
#9 W oodvill ( Lake Ponte h: vacce ass 6
ae e (Miss.) and B tchartrain . ;
he Central Ohi i Sara (L 0
$ lbw rowl is & He Railread, whe = (ba Sa 26
, exiendes en en srapleted, oy
ded to Michigau City, ad extend fren Wheelin Sh i, ree
ud thence ta Chine. ag to Dasameget ects OS OPE Nt
———
mean
GENERAL
AND COMPARATIVE
VIEWS.
T; RELIGION, AND ST
ATE OF SOCIETY.— Continued,
46- PRODUCTIONS OF DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. GOVERNMEN
Tur productions of different countries are very various, Many articles of our food are brought from :
Rosca cnties, Ou tea comes fron} China, our sugar frei the West Indies, and our spices from Countries, Government. Religion. Btate of Society.
16 1 niies, &c. Some of the articles of our dress come from different coun tries; also of our furni- : . 1 ‘ ee
ture, and things we daily use in our business. Ng one nation or country produces everything, or sulli- Base ae Bane mece pe Mores acce CAN Leucvecicecss ee Enlightened Be BOOS
cient to supply all the wants of the people. . It may produce an abundance of some things, which is a a, osne eset cai ccm Li Sy aM onsen ohammedan «---+ +++= Civilized. .--++~+-+--~v*
called their surplus products. These they exchange for others that they need. The exchanging of ak = “teyaaree ovtee ie OnaICRY > 25: oe lee ote ae %
a SO Ore DI of Ce countries iS an important business. It is called commerce. “he Saints UALS oe Sai ee iGanrehy, ae “ Enlightened eee vew~ee®
Svinte . : eo, : 2 yardintalieees =: +<*ecenilieengplican oot oc sees:
: g table exh its the chief exports, or surplus products of the various countries of the globe. Switzerland....--+++-7 sepublican ..----2702"° Protestant and Catholic Re
Notr.—M annfactured ods, as cloths, iron ware, porcelain, and cutlery, are made in thickly settled
con ae as E rance, Bne ANG Holes Cee Japan, New England, Xe. Countries that are thinly ASIA.
settled expor raw materials, a3 lumber, ides, tallow, furs, &e. The best furs are es I x S
cold climates, principally from the north of America, Europe and Asia. cal exper ae ered mE ec Absolute Mee ee Moharmctss ceee cee [Half civilized eee ec
= ae ne aa Sheniite Monarchy «.-- “ “
EXPORTS OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES. A ee rane << - cece’ gneiks, or Clef “ 2
shistaM ..<+ «-*°" heiks, or Chiels “
ARABIA,—Coffee, aloes, myrth, frankincense, gum Arabic. Bee aS Ge Paha ee cate $6
ASIATIO IsLanps,— Pepper, cloves, nutmegs, anger, camphor, coffee, Kc. Baa Empire ee Wee aoa Le Mone ae do Pagan Chee ees ina
aE ae hon: gums, hides, fruits, wax, ostrich feathers. pa nd Sian e--- “ TPs: see cleleeiamaeieis) ‘scie\eo” Half Civilized. phe ee
ELGIUM,—Grain, flax, Lops, woollens, linens, laces, various man facture: ANC 4 .
Seon far nooo, tobaceD ne aiainonds ops eos Malay am Comer fea rely) ooee Mons Be ids on ene
Cae Nova Boor and NEW BRUNSWICK,—F lour, furs, famber, fish Japan De ry Bee coe oo Bree een sriee Civilized. seerecereerese
APE CoLoNY,—Brandy, wine, ostrich feathers, hides, tallow. : BUS ot rnc ctanyia < i
CENTRAL OOo. -Logyvood, SE any AIS, aS ME ee Tartary --- Shells or ce Adfofotero- Mohammedan eich. misters Half civilized ....<+e+>
Cur11,—Silver, gold, copper, wheat, hemp, hides, sugar cotton, fruits. Ca : : aie aches: I scnand i Obit pase Greek Chivelignd eee ,
Curie ee veone Ber chain: Peet eee oft nor ‘aICASUS -.0- weet ndependent lief§....- Mohammedan & Pagautle tee
ENMARK,—Grain, horses cattle, beef, pork butter, and cheese. Among the nations i i
5 ’ ’ ’ ; g and tribes of Af 7 p
Se STATE eee beef, pork, fish, cottons, woollens, 4. All power is aehed in the nee e aitand pee nee UG gee ot most despotic €f bes
RN, ; = , : ; aaa d Vv
ee ESTERN, and CENTRAL AFRIC Gold, iv Prony, ives of his subjects sgroe-
xa epr.—_Rice, grain, lins ae reaseaeand Ay , ivory, ostrich feathers. ably to his own will and pleasure. The same is generally true in regard to the absolut
Het ones Co e sae yo, tral cotton, sugar. in ane It may be proper to remark, that there are numerous gradations in the es noe
2 0 , indigo, S. ment, between savage and enlightened nations. In most cases j
RENO woollens, linens, cottons, wine, brandy, porcelain, toy& harmonizes with the general character of the people. pene adopts such form a4
ERMANY,—Linens, grain, various manufactures of silver, copper, &c PS
Grane Barra, Wooten’ cottons. linens, hardware, porcelain, Ke
EENLAND,— W hale 0 S ski :
GuiaNa,—Suan coffee, ee auits oo saa aSe PRONUNCIATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES
[inposTAN,— Cotton, silks. rice, 8ug co! indi y : ’
Sekine aoe Sa Bt gat corees opin: indigo. 2 Ae WRITTEN. PRONOUNCED. WRITTEN. PRONOUNCED,
In ALY,—Silks, wines, grain, oil, fenita. ) e, various man actures, WRITTEN. PRONOUNCED. Ora Doe Miami, Mi-am’'-e.
RELAND,—Linen, beef, butter, tallow, hides, potatoes barl Aar, Ar ronpneu ron‘-tim. Michigan, Mish’ -e-gan.
TacaN.Bilk and cotton wagaes Tagen eee ete ey, &. Abyssinia, Atelacince-s. Balyichs Dul'-ij. Missisque, MERE
MEO Ge silver, logwood, cochineal, fruits. Acapulco, ‘Ac-a-pool’'-co. yie, Del. Missouri, Mis-soo‘-re.
IDDLE STATES,—F lour, wheat, salt, coal, cottons woollens, &c Afghanistan, Af-gan-is'-tan. E Mobile, Mo-beel'.
Minne e OS a atts fruits. ; Vg? Aix la Chapelle, Az-la-sha-pel’. | painburgh oA Manian Mont-re-aul’.
UN np,— Lumber, HS cottons, woollens ; Ajaccio, A-yat'-cho. Edin burg ‘-in-bur-To, onterey, Mon-te-ra’.
IIS ONO ier re i ‘ nAOES mauaclule Amniene. RAS Ane ae ; Eg’'-e-nah. ee Mo-zam-beek’
New Grenapa,—Indigo, sugar, coft : Ancles nolacea Elbe, lb. wnich cs
Pzrsia,—Carpets, shawls, wines SS eae = ges Re ls Se eS England, poet ands : Moo'-nick.
Been gold, Peruvian bark, mercury, suger, Deeb ienns, Beer oe Antibes, Aig ved. Enghien, An’-ge-an. N.
SOnsEN S: ee Ua grain, timber, furs, tallow, platina. Antigua, An-te'-ga. |Equador, Ek'-wa-dore. Nacogdoches, Na-cog-dosh’-e8
2 STATES,— Cotton, rice, tobacco, corn, lumber, pitch, frui Antioch, An‘-te-ok. Erie, fi’ -re. Natchitoch Jak-e-tosh'
Gparn and PortuGaL,—Silks, wool, wine oil, fruits Bich ae Apalachicola, _Ap-a-lak Jq.|Erzeram Er’-ze Nicar " N k etn
= ss By ’ a, oil, fruits, salt, cc. a c --lak-i-co’-]8.|4~ ? - \r’-28-Trogm. aragu Ni -ah!-
SWEDEN and Nonway,—Iron, steel, copper, timber, fis a ‘Aquil m awelle ola. esquimat Beckormer Nicer 2 Nee
SWITZERLAND.— Watches jewelry ee 1k Fa an k-we 16 E Pe = : Nece.
aes ae , ’ 3 1h . ~2 i o -ke- ‘ o ul ae }4 ‘
TouRKEY,—Grain, fruits, Peat oil Paver Lee Eon and silk goods, &e. et ee Ar-ke pel’-8-g9. |} a? U snes oe Ne “men.
VENEZUELA,—Sugar, coffee, cocoa, cotton fauizo fruil ne vo I AU eoene : Rout ee Mees
West Inpres,—Sugar, ram, molasses, coffee spice Be ligo, frui Asia, Ruane FF
W esTERN STATES,—Corn wheat, lead, coal i salt. li » indigo, fruits, Avi a¥ ee <
’ , coal, iron, salt, lime, beef, pork. yignon, Ay‘-in-yon. Fablun, Fa'-lun Onno O’'-kotsk.
; == Finisterre Fin-is-tare’ Iney, O}'-na.
Questions.—Are any articles produced o : : i ’ in-is-tare. Onei
era r made in this 7 B- f Ae a neida, O-ni'-d
moet & a Epo il re we make nse of any eee eat are are eR EnG for: sale? What Balize Ba-leez’ : ote poner Nes Opelousas, Op-e-loo!-288
are these articles callec ? Imports. F ; Saat eerie m foreign countries ? alti 5 oli-ti-n °
ys coffee imported ? What are aN oe is teaimported? From what country Cee vel om . P
on think has the most A atloexperts? oh abia elgium ? Peru? &e. Which country do asle, }as'-il. Gallipolis, Gal-li-po’-lis e
most useful to us? Why? Ht the B a of the articles exported from Arabia do you think Basse Terre, Bas-tolr. Ganges, Gan'-jees. Rese Pas-ca-goo'-le
France? From what Bere acre manta Par ay, States? Belgium? Cape Colony ? iquador ? Baton Rouge, Bat-on-roozh’. Garonne, Ga-rone’. eee : Per'-she-a.
From what countries are raw mat fal actured goods exported? What are manufactured soods ? Belleisie, Bel-ile’. Georgia, Jor'-ge-8 D ade Plak-meen-
are the best furs exported? What are See nn are raw materials? From what countries Se Rel-loo-kis'-tan. |G ey Genk pore Ro-posk eis De
aseisit? What are ostrich feathers and wh ; at use are they? What is ivory, and of h. cua eey Be-na'-rees. Gibraltar. Gib-raul'-t Cree! cz'-to-re'-ko.
. o make use of them? y of what} Bengal Bonceaull! Gl a 3 il'-tar. |Poughkeepsie, Po-kip’
? gal, -gaul’. Jloucester, Glos’ -ter. Prassi psie, ip -Se,
Oe Bermudas, Ber-mu'-doz. Greenw! nit TUSSI, Proo’-she-a
ae Bien pce Oran Ce qackty-ea Puebla, Poo-ah’-bla.
OlLV1a, 30-le'-ve-8. 7 f. z
ie SUR RELIGION, AND STATE OF SOCIETY. Bologna, Rea Cae ee eae a.
THE ollowing table © ; faci x Aes E ’ -A- A . i
atate of society, in all Sikes the form of government,—the prevailing religion,—and tl Pa ee 3on-e-fa'-sho, /@uiand, Ge-sh’-na. Raiberon, Kib-ron’.
ys 1e principal countries on the glob Realy pe ne general | POTENE, Born. Guin +n o kt Quito Ke'-to
reference only to the he b I Y globe, British America, as I Bay : xa ea, Gin‘-ne. ’ i
es y @ southern part, inhabited by Europeans The fi > . iere given, has Boulogne, Bo-long’,
religion—and state of society—among the Indian ‘ilies ra e form of government—prevailing 3ordeaux Bor-do Ke
monet is—1. Independent chiefs,—2. Pagan, —3 ae ae ore and western parts of North } Brazil, Bra-zeel’. ate Raleigh, Raw’-le,
stant signifies any Christian sect, except Catholic and the Guasizenurel In the following table, Bretagne, Bre-tan’. Hague, Haig. Rheims, Reems.
‘ Buenos Ayres, Bo-nos-a’-rees. Harwich, Har’ -rij. Rhine, Rine.
NORTH AMERICA. Bushire, Boo'-sheer. Havre, Hah'-ver. weet Rone,
Countri Hawaii, Ha-wi'-e. ideau, Ri-do’.
we ‘ountries. | Government, | Religiva. Stat Boclst Ce Houston, Hoos'-ton ae Giande, Re-o-grand’
: TR Giames te il SR of So oe ° i 3 sab T ees
valor WtAtesietice meee (Republican ...-- lpenpaaant ee Cahokia, Ca-ho'-ke-a Hyderabad, Hid‘-ra-bad. Ros Spores eae -To,
BXiCG cue eeecicencinc e* ER. SLADE 26 owes cinieis oe nlightened .., Cairo Ki'-ro ; Russia, she
Central America a Catholic Chalajetorovateterensferele’s Cuitced ee Calais Kal’ i I. USS1B, Roo'-she-a.
nt ICA . «+ ee ay : ‘ lized veeee eneeers ayes al'-is
British America......-- Viceroy—British .... +. Protestant Enili SH d Benne ase ee Tee Ge Se
eoseeeeeeeseerl 4 ne neat cles ale(s Jay enne, Ki-en ne ia, In'-je-a ' St or .
SOUTH AMERICA. Cents, Se-ne Indians, Tnje-an‘-a.- (St eect peal alee
New Granada ...----++- Republican \Catl pevenne Sa-ven Indies, In’ -jiz. St. Croix, ae /
Bee a ee ee LicaM wo rreeer ene” at rolic cccescvecceccee[CiVilized...eccese Ceylon, See'-lon Towa, Tizo-wa. San rain de P eeu) i
Equador ..-- ++-- eee ss “« 2 eee Rae i Piheeees upssrieds Ip‘si). tosi = anclon sega e?
if ' = “Se.
Bet cae : ; : Game? Shepesla K Santiago, San-te-ab/-go,
IEVAS fae che picrepiciiei cles “ C) s -la, ; be S Schenectady. Sken-ec'-ta-
ee eee ‘ : : See eat cole Kemtghatie | Cau Seteyitie” Shoots
A eatara vont “s The ’ phe-Kau -g0. senawia, _Ke-naw’'-w Seine -
‘Urugnay.-----+> Seen “ i “ Chihuahua, Sheavaw waw, [Knistenaux, — Nis'-te- = eyes Seen.
Paragua7 «---eee-eeee “ e * ee Che'-le ae 7.
Brazil .....e« Caen ...-|Limited - huraleigh, Chum‘-le : S
Guiana. acre dee ree Lipalted Monsrehy ceees . “ Chuquisaea, Chu-ke-sa'-kah L Us Tehuantepec, Ta-wan'-te-pec
Pataconia so scneee eal ton aie a “s Coimbra, Tenceei biee Lee beret ae Sonlon, Too!-long.
vee ees tuaces sees ORVASO ologne, Ko-lone’ st DSIC, Lipe'-sic. oulouse, 00'-looz.
Meacigucescveles oun OMCs Women! Liege, Lee} ’
2 g ; -meen’. : :
Great Britain .......-.-|Limited M meee Connecticut, Kon-net'-i-cnt tee Leel: ME
Portugal...--+-+++> as “ onarchy «.... ‘Protestsnt . ...-+- ....|Enlightened Coquimbo, Ko-keem'‘-bo, {Lin a eemah: Valenciennes, Val-an-se-en
Bpain . ie “ \Catholic ...-+-- seeces \Givilized ed --eere2- 00. | COWES Kouz. OGRE Lim-ozh'. Venezuela, Ven-ez-we'-ls
peta deh ni i= ieee es 3 “ oi HZEd..+-veereeseees pace Kres‘-e, Tae ro ee ver Ae Ve-rah-krooz’
woes eees aves “ uyaho ase ee »S 4,00-e- iG 4, ersa ei 2) i
Belgium .--- «+--+se9e°" “ Bs Enlightened ........ yahoga, Ki-ho'-ga. Louisville, Tot i ate nab es, Ver-sailz’,
Alolland ....--«+-se0""* « Piatt “ ee D o’-e-Vil, =
German States iSee Germ ‘Protestant ....... “ ° .
aeneeseee 5 in Geo ip Seger aeay ua Aa TER } Wi.
Denmatk ...-- --++°: i aa g...|Protestant and Catholic. “ Dalmati -ma’ Wabash Waw'-bosh
aR oc Blase aoe Bh onarchy ....- Protestant .......--eer- Darien < vane shares Maden Mad-e'-rah. Warsaw, YW or’-saw. :
Pweden.....+-2 be ua NO a ae Des Moines, Teknawten Madeite Mah‘-dreed. Washita, W osh-e-taw’s
Russia. ... 5 --8+> _....,jAbsolute Monarcl « Deuxponts, Du-ponts!,_ Mal ™ Maw!l'-strum, Weser, We'-zur.
srinilal ie setsesa Limited MCHREEA? ...|Greck Church...++-+. , -|Civilized Dnieper, Netner! | Merceill nes Wieliczka, = We-ljph' ka.
Y cccee jProtestarn’ ..c0.. seeeee Jeallghtened u esos ooo Dniester, Neek' tar. sellles, Mar-sailz’, Winnipiseogee, Win-e-pe-saw -&
ee @eeee? : * @ bard : Worcester, W 008' -tar
8 rd, AS In Ke.= bE nee a ee eee =
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