Gill’s
Chinook
DictionaryGill’s
DICTIONARY
of the
CHINOOK JARGON
With Examples of
USE IN CONVERSATION
And Notes Upon
TRIBES and TONGUES
SEVENTEENTH EDITION
Compiled by JOHN GILL
Portland, Oregon
Published by The J. K. Gill Company
1933Copyright 1909
By The J. K. Gill Company
All Rights ReservedPREFACE
The first attempt at publication of a vocabulary of the trappers’
and traders’ Indian Jargon in use among the coast and interior
tribes of the Northwest, was made by John Jewett, a sailor who
was captured from the English ship Boston, which was surprised
by the Indians at Nootka Sound, her captain and crew murdered—
the sailor who issued his adventures under the title ’’The Captive
in Nootka,” being the only survivor.
Jewett had no means of writing while among the Indians, and
the hundred words he records were written from memory, pre-
sumably, some years after his escape, which occurred in 1806, the
book referied to being printed in Middletown, Conn., 1815.
The British explorers, Cook, Meares and Vancouver, record a
few words spoken by savages encountered during their voyages in
the waters of the Oregon coast. These words were either Chinook
or Nootka.
These early records prove that the same words, or derivatives
now incorporated in the Chinook Jargon, retain their old sig-
nificance.
Several little books, mostly for traders’ use, have been printed
in this Jargon. Some were intended for the special use of missions
and missionaries; some as interesting additions to philology.
Among the men who have written the vocabularies and best treatises
on the Jargon may be named: Dr. Franz Boas, Alexander Ross,
Rev. Samuel Parker, Doctor Tolmie, Dawson, Rev. J. H. Frost,
George Gibbs, Tate, Good, Winthrop, Swan, Hale and Rev. Dr.
Eells. The latter translated into Chinook a number of hymns, which
were published in Portland, 1889, and are still extant. A complete
Bibliography of the Chinook was prepared by Mr. James C. Pilling
(1889) ana published by the Bureau of Ethnology, Smithsonian
Institution.
Our firm purchased the copyright of the Chinook Dictionary
from S. J. McCormick, who published several editions in Portland
previous to 1880. McCormick’s first edition appeared in 1852.
Shortly after our purchase a new edition was necessary, and we
then attempted to reduce the conflicting and various spelling of
many words to a phonetic and simple form; also in that edition
first indicating the sound of the vowels and accent of syllables. At
that time, also, Rev. W. C. Chattin, who for twenty years had been
a missionary among different tribes of the Northwest, gave us the
advantage of his experience in the use of Chinook among our In-
dians. By his authority also a considerable number of words in
use among our inland tribes was added to the vocabulary. This
first edition bearing our imprint was published in 1881, and printed
by George H. Himes.4
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Of the ancient language of the Chinooks about three hundred
words are given in the present dictionary, the remainder being
words from other coast languages, Nootka, Chehalis, Klickitat,
Wasco and other ultramontane tongues.
It is a remarkable fact that the Indian tribes, occupying so small
a territory, and compelled to traffic, travel, make war and carry on
such intercourse as their nomadic life required, spoke languages as
different as the modern Swedish is from English. These languages
were almost as numerous as the tribes themselves. In the strip of
territory from the mouth of the Willamette to the ocean, several
different languages were spoken, the Calapooia, Cowlitz, Clatsop,
Multnomah and other tribes using among themselves only their
own tribal language; but in voyages along the rivers or in hunting
parties in the mountains, the Wasco Indian who happened to meet
the Clatsop—one from the mouth of the Columbia and the other
from Central Oregon, made himself perfectly understood in this
accommodating jargon, which was in use from the Cascade Moun-
tains to the Pacific as a trading language, and widely along the
coast.
As an example of the amazing difference of language among
neighboring tribes, note the examples herewith of words from the
Chehalis who lived on Shoalwater (now Willapa) Bay, and the
Chinook who occupied the Columbia shore from Cape Disappoint-
ment to Grays Bay, opposite Tongue Point. The Chehalis words
are from records of Rev. J. H. Frost, who, with Rev. Daniel Lee,
established the M. E. Clatsop mission near Morrison station in 1840.
Chinook	English	Chehalis
Nika	I	Ants
Yahka	He	Tesitnah
Mesika	Ye	Alap
Yokso	Hair	Klihwatens
Opitsah	Knife	Chano
Etshum	Heart	Squadlum
Oqukuckull	Woman	Shaiklehl
Seahwust	Eye	Tamose
Etispolettie	Arm	Tashohemitsens
Kuitan	Horse	Steken
It is almost inconceivable that the numerals of these neighboring
tribes had no relation whatever to each other, differing more widely
than French from Siamese.
Although we are apt to think the Indians possessed a very meagre
vocabulary, we are much mistaken. Swan says the Chehalis had aCHINOOK DICTIONARY	5
name for every plant and tree and flower, and that the children
knew all by name.
With the coming of the white man, making known to the Indian
the weapons, the luxuries and the vices of civilization, came the
need of extending the Chinook to cover new conditions. He could
not say "carbine” or "fire” so the words became "calipeen” and
"piah.” The Canadians called the hand "le main,” and the In-
dian came at last to use nearly the same sound. Thus English and
French words were grafted upon the Chinook Jargon.
Philologists argue interestingly over the Jargon. One side main-
tains there was no such inter-tribal medium of communication be-
fore the establishment of Astoria; the other finds reason to contend
that, in a rudimentary form at least, it was in use as stated above.
Some proofs of this are evident in the Jargon itself; some in the
records of those first describing its use; and Indians who were
"skookum men” when Lewis and Clark came to Clatsop have left
testimony to the same effect.
The present (seventeenth) edition has been carefully revised. A
few words printed in earlier editions have been omitted because
they were either obsolete or of doubtful authenticity.
The source of all words so far as known is indicated. Many
words of approved usage in the days of the early traders are here
reprinted, and some words of peculiar interest from the language
of the Chinooks, never a part of the Jargon, are printed for the
sake of preserving them and offering examples of the original
tongue. Some additions have also been made to the conversational
examples.
The bone and sinew of the Jargon is Chinook, and it is surpris-
ing that Nootka words are so few, though they are important; for
the fur trade was centered at Nootka Sound for many years before
the Columbia was discovered, and a medium of communication
must have existed between traders and Indians.
Jewett, the sailor mentioned in the Preface, who wrote a vocabu-
lary of nearly a hundred words, speaks of many tribes visiting and
trading with the Nootka Indians, and among these visiting traders
were ’Keltsup” people, whom I believe to have been Clatsops.
Jewett says they came from 300 miles south, which would include
the Columbia tribes. Another tribe spoken of by Jewett resembles
in name the Claxtars, who lived along the Clatskanie and south-
ward. The words common to Nootka and the Jargon very possibly
are originally from the speech of tribes living at the mouth of the
Columbia.
Jewett was rescued by Capt. Samuel Hill, of the brig "Lydia,”
of Boston, July 20, 1806. The "Lydia” sailed on a trading voyage
along the coast north of Nootka for several months, and in Novem-
ber, 1806, entered the Columbia. About ten miles up the river—6
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
probably at Knappton, near the site of the Point Ellice village of
the Chinooks—the vessel traded for furs. Jewett saw medals among
these Indians which had been given by Lewis and Clark in the
Spring of 1806.CHINOOKS, CLATSOPS and COAST TRIBES
TRAITS, COUNTRY, HABITS, ETC.
The Indians of the Columbia west of Celilo are described as
lighter in color than those of the Missouri and Upper Columbia;
also a little under size of the plains people. They were not as active
nor so robust as the eastern tribes, nor so able to endure hard labor
and exposure. The men were well made, broad and heavy shoul-
dered from the constant use of the paddle. Women rather inclined
to corpulence, and both sexes bow-legged from sitting in canoes.
They were rather peaceably disposed, and fairly honest in their
dealings with each other, but over-tempted by the strange treasures
of the white men, inclined to steal from them.
The heads of nearly all the Indians west of the Rocky Moun-
tains were flattened in infancy, shaping their skulls into a ridge
from ear to ear. The dress of the men was a single robe of skins,
not covering more than half the body from neck to knee. Most of
the robes thus worn by men, and sometimes by women, were made
from the skins of the big ground squirrel, still over-abundant. Finer
skins were also worn, the beaver and the priceless sea otter among
them. Neither men nor women wore leggins nor moccasions. The
women wore skirts of long fringe twisted or braided from the inner
bark of the cedar, a beautiful, silky, strong fibre, and sometimes a
cape of the same, fastened about their necks, and sometimes a cape
or robe of skins. Both sexes wore in rainy weather hats or caps
woven of grass and fine root-threads. Sometimes the women wore
skirts like those spoken of above, but made from a fine, silky,
tough grass.
Their houses were made from planks, which they split with
wedges and axes of stone, horn and hard wood. The houses usually
contained several families, being separated by partitions of woven
mats of rushes, which were also hung along the walls and spread
on the bank of earth which was left along the sides of the house
and upon which they sat and slept. The central part of the house
was lower than the sides, and in this the fire was made, cooking
and other indoor work performed. A hole in the roof let out some
of the smoke, but they usually had fish hanging from poles over-
head, so that they made their smoky houses serve in curing their
food^ They sometimes built beds of saplings, in bunk fashion, along
the sides of their houses. The women made great numbers of mats
of rushes and grass, which were brought out when ’’company”
came, and spread for guests to sit or sleep upon. Camas bread,
brick-like cakes of pressed and dried salal berries, dried huckle-
berries, fern and flag-roots, and above all wappatos, were stored in
their houses, and jerked venison in strips, and dried and smoked
salmon were hung from rafters. Smelt and herring, too, were dried
or smoked for winter food, and an important item of the coast
tribes’ diet was whale and seal oil, stored in bladders, and nearly8
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
all kinds of dried berries and roots were eaten swimming in this
’’train oil.” They made wide shelves along their house walls from
floor to roof, on which were stored the furs, mats, camas bread,
baskets and household stuff generally. Many of their houses were
surprisingly large, and all remarkable when we reflect that as said
above they were constructed with the rudest paleolithic tools, and
not a fragment of metal employed in their construction.
The Chinooks are probably extinct. In 1891 Doctor Boas found
only two people, Charles Cultee and Catherine, who could speak
Chinook (the original language), living then at Bay Center, on
Shoalwater Bay, among Chehalis Indians. From Cultee Dr. Boas
learned and wrote a number of the original tribal tales or myths of
the Indians of the Columbia.
The Clatsops were Chinooks, and once numerous from Tillamook
Head (which separated them from the ’’Killamux”) to the Co-
lumbia. These dwindled to a handful many years ago. The last
little Clatsop village was near the mouth of the Nekanakum (the
’’Spirit River,” named from the mountain N’akarna, which was
the resting place of the spirit of fire in the Tillamook myth). A
half dozen little weatherbeaten houses still remain on the peninsula
between the Wahana and Nekanakum, and in Summer a few In-
dians and mixed-blood descendants of the Clatsops, sometimes
spend a few weeks there. This spot appears to be the very place
where Captain Clark was entertained by Kuskelar.
The Chinooks of the north shore of the Columbia from Cape
Disappointment to Gray’s Bay, had their principal village in the
days of the Astor enterprise, on the west side of Scarboro Hill, near
where the modern village of Chinook now is. They had also an
"upper village” at Point Ellice and another farther up the Chinook
River. A small tribe of Chinooks, long separated from those of the
lower river, occupied the north shore of the Columbia from a
point opposite The Dalles to the mouth of Klickitat River. Their
language bore evidences of a considerable change from the parent
tongue.
According to one author the Chinooks were very numerous and
powerful at one time, occupying both shores of the Columbia from
its mouth as far up as Vancouver. The Multnomahs were of the
Chinook family. The Tillamooks reported that eighteen tribes lived
beyond them to the southeast, all speaking the Tillamook tongue.
Farther away in the same direction, they said were six tribes of a
different nation.
MULTNOMAHS AND THEIR NEIGHBORS, THEIR COUNTRY,
HABITS, ETC.
Lewis and Clark speak of tribes along the river from the Wil-
lamette to the sea, whose habits, appearance, dress and language
were like those of the Chinooks ana Clatsops. The latter were a
tribe of the Chinooks. The Claxtars, of the Clatskanie Valley, theCHINOOK DICTIONARY
9
Cowlitz and the Klickitats (who are probably the people spoken of
by lewis and Clark as Chilluckittequaws) were intruders in the
lower river country. Doctor Coues says the Claxtars were a “vag-
rant Athapascan tribe,’’ and were theiefore a vast distance from
their home people.
A little below the mouth of the Wallamet, on the northeast shore
of Sauvies (Wapato) Island, was a large village of the Multnomah
tribe. A little above this village on the Wallamet, on the island
also, was a Klickitat town. These Klickitats had driven the Mult-
nomahs from that part of the island in a battle. The Multnomahs
occupied the southern and western parts of this large island, and
also the Scappoose plain and lowlands, and old Charley Mackay,
who knew the lower river and its people from 1800 onward, told
me the Multnomahs had a large town on the Scappoose Bay near
Warren and another near Woodland on the lowlands of Lewis
River. The Multnomahs were of the Chinook stock.
Mr. Fred H. Saylor, who has made a very extensive collection
of Indian myths and lore, advances the theory that the beautiful
name of this tribe (which ought to be written Multnoma) signifies
“roses on the water.” I find no indication of this in the original
dialects, but this interpretation is certainly descriptive of the coun-
try inhabited by the tribe—prolific in wild roses, which at the time
of their blooming were usually surrounded by the widespread Sum-
mer floods of the Columbia.
The Multnomahs were specially fortunate in their surroundings,
occupying the lowlands of the Willamette, the greater part of fertile
Sauvies Island, the lovely slopes and prairies of the Scappoose coun-
try, with the broad bays and inlets reaching inland from the Co-
lumbia and their own river, the Multnomah, which was the name
of the western branch of the Wallamet and also of the main river
from its mouth to the falls, twenty-five miles.
They had no horses, but plenty of canoes. Horses were scarcely
used anywhere on the Columbia shores from The Dalles west. In
the lakes of Sauvies Island grew wappatoes, the best food of the
Western tribes. This plant looks like the calla lily, and grows in
rich, muddy soil, usually under two feet of water or even more.
The squaws gathered the roots, which are similar to potatoes, by
wading out into the lakes, pushing a small canoe, or paddling out
in it and going overboard when they reached the wappato patch.
They worked the roots loose from the mud with their toes, and
then they rose to the surface, and were thrown into the canoe when
the woman was ready to go back to her home. Great flocks of
waterfowl fed in these lakes, the wappato being also their favorite
food. The great white swan was the wappato digger, long-necked
and powerful, and when he raised his head to look for the roots he
had sent up, the ducks had often devoured them. This root would
be a valuable food for whites as well as Indians, and it seems a
pity it is not used among our people.10
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
The kitchen utensils of the tribes were few and simple—bowls
and trenchers hollowed neatly from wood, cups of horn, horn
spoons, and baskets woven so skillfully as to be water-tight took
the place of jugs and buckets.
The weapons of hunters and warriors were the flint-tipped lance,
bow and arrows, and a mace. The fisherman used a pronged spear,
or a long lance with a detachable point of horn such as may still
be seen in use among Indians spearing salmon on the Columbia.
They wove nets of all kinds, for taking anything from smelt to
salmon, from strong fibrous roots, and caught large seafish with
curious hooks of bone or ivory. Trout, squawfish and sculpin were
caught in great numbers by baits tied to the end of a line, and
when a fisherman felt a bite he snatched the fish so quickly that
he had it in the canoe before it could let go. The clams of the sea-
shore were a great and constant supply of food, and their shells
were used as spoons or saucers for broth.
EXTERMINATION OF THE TRIBES
When the first McCormick Dictionary was published there were
nearly a hundred Chinooks living from Ilwaco to Scarboro Head.
Half as many Clatsops lived on the ’‘plains.*’ There were several
hundred Chinooks at the same old Chinook shore in Lewis and
Clark’s time, and thousands of Indians on and near the Columbia
from its mouth to The Dalles. These all said that their numbers
were ten-fold greater in the previous century, but that disease had
swept the tribes away. Thousands died of smallpox and measles,
contracted from sailors and traders from 1792 to the time of Lewis
and Clark. There was a great and mysterious mortality among the
Indians of the Wallamet in 1836-8, as recorded by the missionaries
of Tason Lee’s party. Similar fearful mortality among the Cayuses
and Umatillas aroused the fears and superstitions of those tribes
against Marcus Whitman, and doubtless caused the massacre.ENGLISH-CHINOOK
A
Above. Sah'-ha-lee.
Abdomen. Yl-kwah'-tin.
Abscond. Kap'-swal-la.
klat'-a-wa.
Absolve. Mam'-ook stoh.
Acorn,	acorns. Kah'-na-
wee.	
Across.	In'-a-ti.
Afraid.	Kwass.
After,	afterward. Kim'-
tah.	
Afternoon. Kim'-tah sit-	
kum sun.
Again. Weght.
Ague. Cole sick.
Ah! (admiration). Wah!
Ah! (in pain). A-n&h'.
Aid. Elann.
Aid, to. Mam'-ook elann.
Alder. Is-sick stick. Lit-
terally "paddlewood.”
Alike. Klh'-kwa.
All. Kon'-a-way.
Almighty (the). S&h'-ha-
lee Ty-e6.
Almost. Wake sl-lh'.
Alms. E-l&nn, or 6-la-hAn.
To give alms, Mamook
kla-how-yum.
Alone. Ko-pet'ikt.
Always. Kwon'-e-sum.
Although. Kegh'-che.
Amass. Is'-kum.
American. Boston.
American money. Boston
chickamin.
Amusement. Hee' hee.
And. Pee. (Fr. puis.)
Angel. Ta-mah'-na-wus.
Angry. Sol'-lex.
Any. Klaxta.
Anybody. Klaxta man.
Apple. Le p6me or pom6.
Apron. Kis'-su.
Arbutus ( madrono ). L'&hb.
Arithmetic. Tzum. To fig-
ure, mamook tzum.
Arise. Mit-wit.
Arm. Le-m&h'. (O. C.
Etispol-ettic. Chehalis,
tens-ho'-mish).
Arrest. Mam'-ook haul.
Arrive. K5.
Arrow, arrows. Kll'-e-tSn.
As if. K&h'-kwa spSse.
Ascend. Klat'-a-wa sah'-
ha-le.
Ash (tree). Issick stick,
same as alder.
Ask. Wa'-wa.12
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Assistance, aid. E-linn'.
At. Ko'-pa.
Aunt. Kwal'h.
Autumn. Ten'-as cole ill'-
a-hee.
Bad. Kul-tus; me-sah'-che;
pe-shak'.
Back. E-meek.
Bag. Le-sac.
Ball. Le-bal.
Bargain. Mar-kook.
Bark of a tree. Stick skin.
Bark (dog’s), Kowmux
wawa.
Barley. La-shey'.
Barrel. Ta-mo-lich.
Barter. Hoo-ee hoo-ee;
markook.
Basin. Ket'-ling.
Basket. Ope'-kwan.
Bat. Po-lak'-lee kulla kulla.
Beach. Po'-lal-lee ill-a-hee.
Beads. Ka-mo-suk.
B ear (black). Chet-woot;
its-woot; (grizzly) si-am'.
Beard. Kla-poot'-chus.
Beat, to. Kok'-shut.
Beaver. Ee'-na.
Because. Keh'-wa.
Become. Chih'-cd.
Bed. Bed.
Before. E'-lep.
Begin. Mam'-ook alta.
Begone. Klat-a-wa.
Behave. Mam'ook kloshe.
Behind. Kim'-ta.
Bell. Tin'-tin.
Belly. Yih-kwah'-tin.
Awl. Keep'-woot. Shoe-
maker’s awl, shoe keep-
woot.
Axe. La hash'. (O. C.
Kitstan.)
B
Below. Ke-kwil'-lee.
Belt. Li san-jel'.
Berries. O'-lil-lee.
Best. E'-lip kloshe.
Between. Pat-suk.
Beyond. Yih' wa.
Big. Hy-as'.
Bird. Kul'-lakul'-la.
Biscuit. Le Bis-kwee.
Bit or dime. Bit.
Bitter. Klile.
Black. Klale.
Blackberries. Klik-a-muks.
Blackbird. Pil'-kwi-tun
(the red shouldered).
Bladder. Ten-sah'-wit
(Che.).
Blanket. Pa-se6-see.
Blind. Ha'-lo see-ow'-ist.
Blood. Pil-pil. Ten-squails
(Che.).
Blow. Poh. Blow out the
light. Mamook poh.
Blue. Sp6-ah.
Blunder (to). Tse£-pee.
Boar. Man Ko-sho'.
Board. Li-plash'.
Boat. Boat, Kanim.
Bobtail. Sis-ki-you.
Boil, to. Liplip.
Bold. Wake kwass.
Bone. Stone. Taerk (Che.).
Book. Book.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
13
Boots. Stick shoes.
Bore, to. Ham'-ook kla-
whop.
Borrow. A-yah-whul.
Bosom. To-toosh'.
Boss. Ty-ee.
Boston. American.
Both. Kon'-a-mox.
Bottle. La-bo-tai'.
Bow. O-pit'-keh.
Bow of a boat. Nose.
Bowels. Ki-y&h, or Ya-
kwah'-tin.
Bowl. Oos'-kan.
Box. La Cas-sett'.
Box, to fight, a blow. Puk-
puk.
Boy. Ten'-as man. (O. C.
kas-kass'.)
Bracelet. Klik'-wal-lee.
Branch. Tsi-a-lits.
Brass. Pil chick-a-min.
Brave. Skoo'-kum-tum-tum.
Bread. Piah sap-d-lil. Le
pan'.
Break. Kok'-shut.
Breast, the breasts. To-
toosh'.
Breast, the chest. Emlh'.
Breech. O-poots.
Breechclout. O-poots sill.
Bridle. U bleed'.
Bright. Twah.
Bring. Mam'-ook ch&h'-kd.
British. King George (kin-
chautsh').
Broad. Kluk-ull'.
Broken. Kok'-shut.
Brook. Ten'-as chuck.
Broom. Bloom.
Brother. Kah'-po, if older;
ow, if younger than the
person speaking.
Brother-in-law. Ek'-keh.
Buck. Man mow'-Ich.
Bucket. Ta-mo'-litch.
Buffalo. Moos'-moos.
Bullet. Le-bal, or kll-e-tan.
Bundle. Kow.
Burn. Mam'-ook piah.
But. Pee.
Bushel (bushel basket). Ta-
mo'-lich.
Butter. To-toosh gleese.
Buttons. Chil'chil.
Buy. Mar-kook.
By. Kd'-pa.
By-and-by. Win'-a-pee, af-
kee.
Calf. Ten'-as-moos'-moos.
Call (to). Wa'-wa.
Calm. Ha'-lo wind.
Cam'as. Camas, kammass.
Can. Oos'-kan.
Candle. Li-shan-del', or
gleese pl-&h.
c
Canoe. Ca-nim'. (O. C.
chippots.)
Cap. Se-ah'-po. (O. C.
o-heY-pul.)
Capsize. Keel'-a-py.
Car (R. R.). PI'ah chick'-
chick.14
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Carbine. Cal-i-peen'.
Carrion. Humm itl'-wil-lee,
Pu-pu.
Carrot. L£ ca-lat'.
Carry, to. Lo-ld.
Cart. Chick'-chick.
Cascade. Tum'-water.
Cask. Ta-mo'-litch.
Cat. Puss-puss. (Sometimes
pish-pish.)
Catch. Is'-kum.
Cattle. Moos'-moos.
Cedar. Can-im stick.
Cellar. Ket'-wil-la.
Cemetery. Mem'-a-loose
ill'-a-hee.
Center. Kat'-suk.
Certainly. N&-wit'-ka.
Chain. Chick-a-min lope.
(Necklace, lashen.)
Chair. La shase.
Change. Hoo'-ee-hoo'-ee.
Channel. Oo-e'-hut.
Cheat (to). Ll-Uh'.
Chin. Mac'-ke-son.
Cheek. Checko; Cap'-a-la.
Cheese. Kull to-toosh'.
Chicken. LI-pool'.
Chief. Ty-ee'.
Child. Ten'-as man; ten-
as.
Chilly. Ten-as cole.
Chop (to). Tl'kope.
Cider. Chuck la-pome'.
Chimney. LI shem'-i-nay.
Christmas day. Hy-as' Sun-
day.
Circle. Kwe'-u-kwe'-u.
City. Skoo'-kum town.
Clams. Razor clams, O'na.
little neck, Luck-ut-chee;
quahang or large round
clam of Puget Sound is
called "Smetock” on the
northern coasts, and the
largest of all * ’go-duck.”
Clay. Klim-min' ill'-a-hee.
Clear. KlAh. To dear,
become, fine weather,
Chah'-co kllh.
Clock. Hy-as' tick'-tick.
Cloth (cotton or linen).
Sail or sill; (woolen)
pasee-see.
Clouds. Smoke.
Coat. Ca-po'; Kat'-suk. (O.
C., kapawillote.)
Coffee. Kau'-pee.
Cold. Chis; cole. (O. C.
pa-mas'; Tsish.)
Color, colored. Tzum.
Comb (to). Mam-ook comb.
Come. Chah'-co. (O. C.
essa.)
Command. Wa'-wa; mlrsh
tum'-tum.
Conceal. Ip'-soot.
Confess (to). Yl'-em.
Conjure, conjurer. Ta-
mlh'-na-wus.
Conquer (to). To'-lS.
Conscience. Tum'-tum.
Cook (to). Mam'-ook pi-
ah.
Cool (to). Mam'-ook cole.
Copper. Pil chick'-a-min.
Cord. Ten'-as-lope.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
15
Corn, maize. E'-salt'h.
Corral. Kul-l&gh'.
Cougar. Hy'-as puss-puss.
Cough (to cough). Hoh-
hoh.
Council. Mam'-ook tum-
tum.
Count. Mam'-ook kon'-see;
kwun'-num.
Country. Ill'-a-hee.
Co-yS-te. Tol'-a-pus (tah'-
lapus).
Cousin. Kah'-po; ow. (See
brother; same words
used.)
Coward, or cowardly.
Kwass.
Crab. Kaer-hutch (Che.).
Crabapple (the native
thornapple). Pow'-ich.
Crack (a fissure). Tsugh.
Cranberry. So'-le mee.
Crane. Ke'-lok.
Crazy. Pel'-ton or pilton.
Cream, cream-colored. Le
clem.
Crockery. Ma-llh'.
Crooked. Ky'-wa; klook.
Cross (the). 11 clS'lh.
Crow (the). K&h-k&h'.
Cry. Cly. (O. C. Oke.)
Cup. Oos'-kan.
Cure (to). Mam'-ook
kloshe.
Curly. HunT-kih.
Cut (to). Tl'kope.
D
Dagger. O-pit'-sah.
Dance. Tanse. (O.C. Law'-
suk.)
Dark. Po-lak'-ly.
Daughter. O-kfis'-tee.
Day. Sun.
Daybreak. Sun chlh'-co.
Dead. Mem'-a-loose; at-
im-in' (O. C.).
Dear (beloved). Tal'-is.
Dear (high-priced). Hy-
as' mar-kook.
Decrease. Chah'-ko ten'as.
Deep. Hy'-as kee-quil-ly.
Deer. Mow'-ich.
Deity. Sah'-ha-le ty-ee'.
Delirious. Hul-oi'-me la-
tate'.
Delude. Mam'-ook tsee'-
pee.
Deluge. Hy'-as chuck.
Demand. Skoo'-kum wa'-
wa.
Demon. Me-slh-chee ta-
m&h'-na-wus.
Descend. M&rsh kee-quil-
ly-
Desert (to). Kap'-swal-la
klat'-a-wa.
Desire. Tik'-eh.
Destroy. Mam'-ook ha'-lo.
Devil. De-aub'.
Die (to). Chlh'-co mem'-
a-loose.
Diet. Muck'-a-muck.
Dig. Mam'-ook ill'-a-hee.
Difficult. Kull.
Dime. Ikt bit.
Directly. Tshi'-keh.16
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Displeasure (expression
of). A-nah'.
Dive. Sd-pe'-na ko'-pa
chuck.
Do (to). Mam'-ook.
Doctor. Keel'-al-ly; doc-
tin.
Doe. Klooch'-man mow-
ich.
Dog. Kom'-ooks or Kom'-
ox.
Dollar. Dolla.
Door. LI pote'.
Each. Ko'-pet ikt.
Eager. Hy'-as tik'-eh.
Eagle (white-head). Chak-
chak. (O. C. Yak'-a-la.)
Ear. Kwo-lon'.
Early. Ten'-as sun.
Earn. To'-lo.
Earnest. Skoo'-kum mam'-
ook.
Earth. Ill'-a-hee.
East. Sun chah'-co.
Eat. Muck'-a-muck.
Ebb tide. Chuck klat'-a-wa.
Eel (lamprey). Skwak-
wal.
Effeminate. Kah'-kwa
klooch'-man.
Egg. Le sep'. Eggs, same.
Eight. Stote'-kin.
Eighth. Sit-kum kwah-tah,
or stotekin.
Elbow. Kim'ta le-mah'.
Elevate (to). Mam'-ook
sah'-ha-lee.
Elk. Moo'-lok.
Down (fallen). Whim.
Downstream. Mai'-mee.
Drawers. Kee'-quil-ly sa-
kul'-lex.
Drink (to). Muck'-a-much
chuck. (O. C. Tla-umsh.)
Drive (to). Kish-kish.
Drunk. Pahtl-lum.
Dry. Dly.
Duck. Kweh-kweh; haht-
haht.
Dumb. Wake wa'-wa.
Dust. Po'lal-ly.
E
Elope. Kap'-swal-la ko-pa
klooch-man.
Embark. Klat'-a-wa ko-pa
chuck.
Embrace. Ba-bay'.
Emigrate. Klat'-a-wa ko'-
pa hul-di'-me ill-a-hee.
Enclosure. Kul-lah'.
End. O'-poots.
Enemy. Me-sah'-chee til-a-
kum.
English, Englishman. King
George.
Enough. Hi-yu, or ko-pet'.
Entrails. Ki'-yah.
Enumerate. Mam'-ook
tzum.
Equal. Kon'-a-mox.
Erect. Mit'-wit; delate'.
Escape. Kloshe klat'-a-wa.
Eternal. Kwon'-e-sum.
Evening. Ten'-as po-lak'ly.
Every. Kon'-a-way.
Everywhere. Kon'-a-way
klh'.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
17
Ewe. Klooch'-man le-moo'-
td.
Examine. Nan'-ich kum'-
tux.
Except. M&rsh, or pee.
Exchange. Hoo'-ee-hoo'-ee.
Exert. Hi'-yu mam'-ook.
Expel. Mam'-ooh mlrsh.
Expire. Chah'-co mem'-a-
loose.
Face. Se4h'-wust.
Fact. Wake kla-min'-a-wit.
Fade. Ch&h'-co spo'-&h.
Faded. Spo'-ah.
Fall. Klat'-a-wa whim.
Fallen. Whim.
Fallow. Kull ill'-a-hee.
False. See'-pee, tsee'-pee.
Falsehood. Kla-min'-a-wit.
Family (my). Ni'-ka til'-a-
kum.
Famine. Ha'-lo muck'-a-
muck.
Far. Sx-lh' (O. C., Tah-
06).
Fast (rapid, quickly). Hy-
ak'.
Fast (tight, secure). Kwult.
Fasten (to). Kow.
Fat. Gleese.
Father. Papa (O. C. Tili-
cumim&).
Fathom. It'-lln; eth-lon.
Fear, fearful. Kwass.
Feast. Hi'-yu muck-a-
muck.
Explain. Pot'-latch kum'-
tux.
Exterminate. Kon'-a-way
ha'-lo.
Extinguish. Mam'-ook';
mem'-a-loose.
Extraordinary. Hy'-as hul-
oi-me.
Eye, eyes. Se-lh'-wust.
F
Feathers. Tipso. Feathers
of the wings, quills, Te-
peh'.
Feet, foot. Le pee-a'. (O.
C. Che-kok.)
Fell (as a tree). Mam'-ook
whim.
Female. Klooch'-man.
Fence. Kul-Hh'.
Fetch. Mam-ook ch&h'-co.
Fever. Waum sick.
Few. Ten'-as hi-yu'.
Field. Kloshe ill'-a-hee.
Fight (to). Ka-dee'-na;
pite. Fight (with fists),
Mam-ook puk-puk'.
Figured (like calico, wall
paper, etc.). Tzum.
File. La lim'.
Fill (to). Mam'-ook plht'l.
Fin. Pish le-m&h'.
Find (to). Klap.
Fine (soft). Klim-min'.
Fine (beautiful). Kloshe;
toke'-tee.
Finish, finished. Ko-pet'.
Finger. Le-doo' (O. C.,
Tel-lux-ash).18
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Fire. Pi'-ah; O-la-pit'-
skee (Chehalis, Met'-
chip.)
First. E'-lip.
Fish. Pish.
Fishhook. Ik'-kik,or a-kik.
Five. Kwin'-num.
Flag. Hy'-as Sunday sail.
Flea. So'-pen Ee'-na-poo;
Cho'-tub.
Flee. Klat'-a-wa.
Flesh. Itl'-wil-lee.
Flies, fly. Le moosh'.
Flimsy, cheap, inferior. Pe-
what'-ty.
Flint. Kil-it'-sut.
Float. Marsh ko'-pa chuck.
Flock. Hi-yu' moos-moos.
Flood. Paht'l chuck'.
Flour. Sap'-o-lil.
Flower, flowers. Kloshe
tip'-sd.
Fly (to). Ka-wak'.
Fog. Smoke.
Fold, sheepfold. Le-moo'-
to-house.
Folks. Til'-a-kum.
Folly. Pel'-ton mam'-ook.
Flounder (fish). (O. C.,
T'peeshkuks.)
Food. Muck'-a-muck.
Fool, foolish. Pel'-ton, or
Pil'-ton.
Foot. Le pee-a' (Chehalis,
Ta-lass').
Forage, grass land. Tip'-so
ill'-a-hee.
Forever. Kwon'-e-sum.
For what, wherefore? Pe
klh'-ta?
Ford. Chuck 006-hut;
way'-kut.
Foreigner. Hul-oi'-me til**
a-kum.
Forget (stop knowing). KS-
pet' kum-tux; m&h'-lee.
Fork. La pooshett. Table
fork, Opitsah six.
Forks (of a river or road).
La boos mox.
Former. Ahn'-cut-ty.
Forenoon. E-lip sit'-kum
sun.
Fortnight. Mox Sunday.
Found. Klap.
Four. Lock'-it.
Fowl. La pool'.
Fox. Tish-ko-ko (O. C.).
Frail. Wake skoo'-kum.
Free. Wake e-li'-tee.
Freezing. Hy'-as cole.
Freight. Kwass.
Frenchman. Pah'-see-ooks.
Friend. Six; til'-a-kum.
Fringe. Tip'-so.
Frolic. Mam'-ook hee'-hee.
Frog. Shwah'-kuk.
Frown. Kah'-kwa sol-lex.
Fry (to). Mam'-ook 1£ po-
ell'.
Fryingpan. La po-ell'.
Full. Paht'l.
Fundament. O'-poots, or 6-
pootsh'.
Funeral. Lo-Io mem'-a-
loose til'-a-kum kd-pa
ill'-a-hee.
Fur. Tip-sd. Beaverskin,
Ee'-na tip-so.19
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
G
Gain. Td'-lS.
Gale. Skoo'-kum wind.
Gall. Kli-kli.
Gallop	(to).	Kwal-lal
kwal-lal'.
Gamble (a game). It'-ld-
kum.
Garden. Kloshe ill'-a-hee.
Gather. Ho'-ku-mel.
Get (to). Is'-kum.
Get out. Marsh, or Klat'-
a-wa.
Get up (arise). Mit'-wit.
(O. C. Etchalat'sa).
Ghost. Ta-mah'-na-wus;
also the dead were spok-
en of as ’’Memaloose til-
akum.”
Gift. Pot'-latch.
Girl. Lik'-p'ho(old Chi-
nook). Ten'-as klooch-
man.
Give (to). Pot'-latch. (O.
C., Shail; Chehalis,
Quitz).
Glad. Kwan.
Gladness. Ual'-te.
Glass. She-lock'-um.
Gnats (no-see’em). Da'-go.
Gnaw. Muck-a-muck klh'-
kwa ee'-na.
Go. Klat'-a-wa. (O. C.,
Wauk'-see.)
Goad. Moos'-moos stick.
Goblin. Se-at'-co.
God. Sah'-ha-lee Ty-ee'.
Kan'-num is the old Chi-
nook word.
Gold. Pil chick'-a-min.
Good. Kloshe. (O. C., Tlak,
which also signifies to
love.) Good Spirit, E-
kone'.
Good-bye. Kla-how'-ya.
Goods. Ik'-tahs.
Goose. Kal'-a-kal-lh'ma.
Gospel. Kloshe kum'-tux.
Grain. Sap'-o-lil.
Grandfather. Chope.
Grandmother. Chitch.
Grave. Mem'-a-loose ill'-
a-hee.
Grass. Tip'-so. (O. C. Klet-
step.) Kletstep suggests
to me a probable origin
of the name Clatsop.
Jewett mentions a tribe
from three hundred miles
south of Nootka whom he
calls Keltsup. Since Cap-
tain Clark probably cor-
rupted ik-hol, a river (the
mouth of Elk Creek,
where he saw the whale
on the beach) into Ecola,
it is not wide of the mark
to suppose that he wrote
Clatsop for Kletstep. The
dwellers on those verdant
plains at the mouth of
the Columbia may have
been known as the ’’peo-
ple of the grassy land” or
Kletstep.
Grasshopper. Klah'-e-tlak.
Great. Hy-as'. (O. C.,
Tahl.)
Gray. Legley; gley.20
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Grease. Gleese.
Greedy. Tik'-eh kon'-a-
way.
Green. Pe-chuk.
Grief. Cly tum'-tum.
Grizzly bear. Si-am'.
Grog. Lum-pe-chuck'.
Grouse. Si'-w&sh ll-pool'.
Grow. Chah-cd hy-as'.
Grumble. Sol'-lex wa'-wa.
Grunt. Wa-wa ldh'-kwa
ko'-sho.
Guard. Kloshe nan'-ich.
Guard-house. Skoo'-kum.
house.
Guilt, guilty. Me-sah'-che.
Gum, pitch, resin. La
goom.
Gun. Suk-wal-lal; musket.
Gunpowder. Po'-lal-ly.
H
Habitation. Kwon'-e-sum
mit'-lite. •
Hail. Cole snass. E-kap'-
pa (Che.).
Hair. Y&k'-so.
Half. Sit'-kum.
Halibut. Pows.
Hallo. N&h.
Halt. Ko-pet' klat'-a-wa.
Hammer. Le mih-to'.
Handcuff. Chick'-a-min
mam'-ook kow le-mah'.
Hand. Le-mlh'.
Hand (game of). It'-lo-
cum.
Handkerchief. Hak'-a-
chum.
Handsome. Toke'-tee.
Hard. Kull.
Hare. Kwit'-sha-dee.
Harrow (to). Mam'-ook
comb ill'-a-hee.
Harangue. Skoo'-kum wa'-
wa.
Harvest. Is'-kum sap'-o-lil.
Hat. Se-lh'-po.
Hatch. Ten'-as le-pool chee
ch&h'-co.
Haul. Haul.
Hawk. Shak-shak'.
Hay. Dly tip'-so.
Hazel, hazelnut. Tuk'-wil-
la.
He or his. Y&h-ka. (O. C.,
Oeach.)
Head. Lltate'. (O. C.,
Thlam-ek-took.)
Heal. Chah-co-kloshe.
Healthy. Skoo'-kum.
Heap. Hi-yu' mit'-lite.
Hear. Kum'-tux.
Hearsay, rumor. Is'-kum
yah'-ka wa'-wa.
Heart. Tum'-tum. (O. C.,
Et-shum.)
Heat (to make hot). Chah'-
co waum.
Heaven. Sah'-ha-lee Ty-ee'
ill'-a-hee.
Heavy. Till.
Help. Mam'-ook e-l&n'.
Hen. LS-pool'.
Herb. Tip'-so.
Here. Yah'-kwa. Here!
Come here! Ne-wha.
Hermaphrodite. Bur-dash.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
21
Herring. Ool'-chus.
Hew (to; to cut or chop).
Tl'kope.
Hide (to). Ip'-soot.
Hide or pelt. Skin.
High. S&h'-ha-lee.
Hilarity. Hi-yu' hee'-hee.
Hill. Sma-nash'.
Him. Y&h'-ka.
His. YHh-ka.
Hit (to). Kwult.
Hitch. Mam'-ook kow.
Hoe. La pe-osh.
Hog. Ko'-sho.
Hold. Wake mlrsh.
Hole. Kla-whap'.
Holiday. Sunday.
Home. Ni'ka house.
Honest. Wake kap'-swal-la.
Hoof. Ku'-I-tan le-pee-a'.
Hook. Hook. Fishhook, ik'-
kik.
Horn. Stone.
I, or me. Nl-ka. (O. C.,
Untz.)
Ice. She'-li-po. This word
is not in common use, but
deserves to be rather than
“Cole chuck,” which is
the usual definition of the
dictionaries. Dr. Tolmie
gives it as a Chinook
word. The present ed-
itor is pleased to discover
that the word merits a
place in the vocabulary
because it is still in fre-
quent use, being the name
of a large lake on the
Horse. Ku'-I-tan.
Horseshoes. Chick'-a-min
shoes.
Hot. Hy-as' waum.
Hour (time of day). Tin-
tin, adding the number,
as Klone tin-tin, three
o’clock, etc.
House. House. (O. C.
Tolth.)
How. Kah'-ta. How many?
Kon'-see?
How are you? Kla-how'-ya?
How large? Kon'-see hy-
as'?
Huckleberries. Shot o'-lil-
lee.
Hundred. Tuk'-a-m5'-nuk.
Hungry. O'-lo.
Hurry. Hy-ak'; howh.
Husband. Til-shel.
Hut. Ten'-as house.
I
Washington shore near
the mouth of the Willam-
ette. This lake is named
Shilapoo on the maps.
Doubtless it got its name
of “icy water” because it
was frozen often when
the rivers were still open.
(Chehalis, Shoo-ee'.)
Idle. Kul'-tus mlt'-lxte'.
If. Spose.
Imbecile. Wake skoo'-kum
1& tate'.
Imitate. Mam'-ook klh'-
kwa.
Immense. Hy-as'.22
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Impostor. Kul'-tus til'-a-
kum.
Imprison. Mit'-llte kopa
skoo'-kum house.
In. Ko'-pa.
Inability (expression of).
How'-kwutl, or hau'-kStl.
Increase. Chah'-co hi-yu'.
Indeed. Na-wit'-ka; whah.
Indian. Si'-wash.
Indomitable. Skoo'-kum
tum'-tum.
Industrious. Kwon'-e-sum
mam'-ook.
Infant. Chee ten'-as.
Infirm. Sick; wake skoo'-
kum.
Inform. Pot'-latch kum'-
tux.	I
J
Jabber. Kul'-tus wa'-wa.
Jacket. Yutes'-kut Ca-po'.
Jail. Skoo'-kum house.
Jay. Teh'-a-ner (Che.).
Jealous. Sick tum'-tum.
Jehovah. Sah'-ha-lee Ty-ee'.
Jerk. Hy-ak' haul.
Jesus. SSh'-ha-lee Ty-ee'
ten'-as man (son of God).
Job. Ten'-as mam'-ook.
Joke (to). Mamook hee'-
hee.
Inhale. Is'-kum wind.
Ink. Klale chuck mam'-ook
tzum.
Innocent. Wake me-sSh'-
chee.
Inquire. Tik'-eh kum'-tux.
Inshore. Maht'-wil-lee.
Insult. Sol'-lex wa'-wa.
Interpret. Mam'-ook kum-
tux hul-oi'-me wa'-wa.
Intoxicate. ChSh'-co dlunk.
Invite. Wa'-wa chSh'-co
ko'-pa.
Lron (or steel). Chick'-a-
min.
Island. Ten'-as ill'-a-hee.
(O. C., Now'-ich.)
It. O'-koke; ik'-tah; ySh'-
ka. (O. C., Ekek.)
Jolly. Hee'-hee tum'-tum.
Joy. U-Sl'-tee.
Jug. Stone la bo-tai'.
Juice. Chuck; Chuck IS
pome; Chuck o'-lil-lee,
etc.
Jump (to). So'-pe-na.
Just. Kwon'-e-sum de-late'
kloshe. Just a little, De-
late' ten'-as.
K
Kam'ass or Cammas root.
Kam'-ass, IS Cam'-ass.
Kettle. Ket'-ling.
Keep. Wake pdt'-latch.
Kennel. Kom-ooks house.
Key. LS kleh'.
Kin. Til'-a-kum.
Kick (to). Chuck'-kin.
Kill. Mam'-ook mem'-a-
loose. (O. C., HS-an'.)CHINOOK DICTIONARY
23
Kiss (to). Be-bay'.
Kitten. Ten'-as puss'-puss.
Kind (friendly). Kloshe
tum'-tum.
Knave. Me-sah'-chee til'-a-
kum.
Knead. M5m'-ook le pan.
L
Labor. Mam'-ook.
Lad. Ten'-as m&n.
Lack. Wake hi-yu.
Lake. Tsa'-lil. (O. C., Sma-
nash'.)
Lamb. Ten'-as le moo-to'.
Lament. Cly tum'-tum.
Lame. Klook t£-ah'-wit.
Lamp. La lamp.
Lamprey eel. Skwak'-wal.
Land. Ill'-a-hee. (O. C.,
Timsh.)
Land otter. Ne-nem'-ooks.
Language. Wa'-wa.
Lane. De-late' oo'-e-hut.
Large. Hy-as'. (O. C., Aya-
quantl.)
Larceny. Kip'-swal-Ia.
Lard. Ko'-sho gleese.
Lark, sparrow, wren, or
any small bird. Ten'-as
kul'-la-kul'-Ia.
Last, hindermost. KTm'-ta.
Late. Kim'-ta chah'-co.
Lately. Chee; wake Shn'-
k&t-ty.
Laugh. Hee'-hee. (Heltsh
in the old Chinook.)
Lawn. Kloshe tlp'-so ill'-a-
hee.
Knee. (Che.) Tah'-ness.
Knife. O-pit'-sah.
Knock (to). Ko'-ko.
Knotty. Hun'l'-keh.
Know (to). Kum-tux.
Knowledge. Kum-tux.
Lazy. Kllh'-wa.
Lead; to take with one.
Lo-lo.
Lead (metal). Shot.
Leaf, leaves. Tip'-so.
Lean, meagre. Ha'-lo gleese.
Lean (to). Lagh.
Learn. Chah'-co kum-tux.
Leap. So'-pe-na.
Least. Ten'-as.
Leather. Moos-moos skin.
Elk or buckskin, Cle-mel'.
Leave off, cease. Ko-pet'.
Leg. Te-^h'-wit. (O. C.,
Eet-son.)
Leggings. Mit-tass'.
Length. Yoot'l'-kut.
Lend (to). A-y&h'-whul.
Lick (to). Klak'-wun.
Lie (falsehood). Kla-min'-
a-wit. (O. C., Ka-hup.)
Lie (to repose). Moo'-sum.
Lift (to raise). Mam'-ook
sah'-ha-lee.
Light, daylight. Twah.
Light-colored. T'kope.
Lightning. Shilth'-lo. (O.
C., S&h'-ha-lee pi'-ah.)
Like (same as). Klh'-kwa.
Like (to). Tik'-eh.24
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Limb (branch). Tsi-a'-lits.
Listen. How.
Little. Ten'-as. A little,
Tenas hiyu.
Live in or with. Mit'-lite.
Liver. Has'-litch. (Che.)
chick.
Long. Youtl'-kut.
Long ago. Ahn'-kut-ty;
la'-lee.
Long time. La'-lee.
Look (to). Nan'-ich.
Look here! Nan'-iich!
Nlh!
M
Mad (angry). Sol-lex.
Magic. Ta-m&h'-na-wus.
Magistrate. Ty-ee'.
Magnify. Chah'-co hy-as'.
Maiden. Ulick.
Make. Mam'-ook.
Male. Man.
Malice. Me-s&h'-chee tum'-
tum.
Mallard duck. Kweh-
kweh; haht-haht.
Man. Man. White man,
Squintum (Che.).
Manage. Kum'-tux ik'-ta.
Mankind. Kon'-a-way til'-
a-kum.
Mane. Ku'-i-tan yok'-so.
Manacle (handcuff).
Mam'-ook kow le-mlh'.
Mansion. Hy-as' house.
Manual. MSm'-ook ko'-pa
le-mih'.
Many. Hi-yu'.
Mark. Mam'-ook tzum.
Look out! Kloshe nan'-ich!
Looking-glass. She-lock'-
um.
Loose. Stoh.
Lose. Tsee'-pee; tso'-l5.
Lost. M&rsh.
Loud. Skoo'-kum la-tllh'
Louse. E'-na-poo.
Love. Tik'-eh.
Lower (let down). Mam'-
ook kee'-quil-ly.
Lumber. La plash'.
Market. Mar'-kook house.
Marrow. Gleese mit'-lite
ko'-pa bone.
Marry. Mal-ley.
Mass. La masse' (the
Catholic ceremony).
Mast. Ship stick.
Master. Ty-ee'.
Mat. Klis'-kwiss.
Mattock. Le pe-osh.
Mayor. Town ty-ee'.
Me. Ni'-ka.
Meal (flour). Sap'-o-lil.
Meal (a). Muck'-a-muck.
Mean (spiteful). Wake
kloshe.
Measure (to). T&h'-nim.
Meat. Itl'-wil-lee.
Medicine. Le mes'-ten, or
mes-sen'. (O. C., Ep-
tlach.)
Mellow. Pi'-ah.
Melt. Chah'-co klim-min'.
Mend. Mam'-ook tip'-shin.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
25
Menstruate. Mlrsh pil'-pil.
Merchant. M&r'-kook man.
Merry. Kwan.
Metal. Chick'-a-min.
Metropolis. Ty-ee' town.
Middle. Kat'-suk.
Midnight. Sit'-kum po-lak'-
le.
Migrate. Klat'-a-wa klh.
Milk. Too-toosh'.
Mill. Le moo'-l&h.
Mine (my own). Ni'-ka.
Minister. Le plate'.
Minnow. Ten'-as pish.
Mire. Klim-min' ill'-a-hee.
Miracle. Hul-oi'-mee
mam'-ook.
Mirror. She-lock'-um.
Mirth. Tee-hee'.
Miss (to). Tsee'-pee; tso'-
16.
Mist. Ten'-as snass.
Mistake (to). Tsee'-pee.
Mite (a little). Ten'-as.
Moan. Cly.
Mob. Sol'-lex til'-a-kum.
Moccasins. Skin shoes.
Molasses. Me-lass'.
Mole. Skad.
Money. Chick'-a-min.
Month. Moon.
Moon. Moon. (O. C., All-
chee.)
N
Nab. Is'-kum.
Nail. L£-kloo'.
Nails (finger nails and toe-
nails). To'-wah.
Naked. Wake ik'-ta mit'-
lite.
Moose. Ul'chey (ool'chey).
Moral (upright). Kloshe.
More. Weght.
Morning. Ten'-as sun.
Mosquito. Mel'-ak-wa.
Mother. Mam'-ma. (O. C.,
Na-ha'.)
Mottled (dappled). Le kye'.
Mountain. La-mon-tai'.
Mouse. Hool-hool.
Mouth. La-boosh. (O. C.,
E-mets-kil; Chehalis,
Klunge).
Move (remove). Mlrsh.
Mow. Tl'kope tip'-s6.
Much. Hi'yu. (O. C., Og-
hu-way.)
Mud. Waight.
Mule. Le-mel'.
Murder. Mam'-ook mem'-
a-loose.
Muse (reflect). Mam'-ook
tum'-tum.
Music. Tin'-tin.
Musket. Musket.
Muskrat. E-min'-te-pu.
Mussels. To'-lux.
Mustard. Pl'-Ih tip'-s6.
Mute. Ha'-lo wa'-wa.
Mystery. Hy-as' hul-6i'-
mee.
My. Ni'-ka.
Name. Nem; Y&h'-hul.
Nap. Sleep.
Nasty (dirty). Kul'-tus;
Me-sah'-che.
Navel. Ten-tome' (Che.).26
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Navigate. Klat'-a-wa kopa
chuck.
Near. Wake sl-Ih; Yatch.
(O. C., Mal-tee'-ny.)
Neat. Kloshe.
Neck. Le-coo'; Oquan'-ax.
(O. C., Chesp.)
Need (to want). Hy-as' tik-
eh.
Needle (a). Tup'-shin.
Needy. Kla-how'-yum.
Negro. Klale til'-a-kum;
Neg'ga.
Neighbor. Til'-a-kum mit'-
lite wake si-ih'.
Nephew. Ack.
Nerve. Tle-pait'.
Nest. Kul'-la-kul'-la house.
Never. Wake kon'-see.
New. Chee.
Oak. Kull stick.
Oar. Li lim'.
Oats. LI-wen'.
Obscene. Me-slh'-chee.
Observe. Nan'-ich.
Ocean. Hy-as' salt chuck.
(O. C., We-co'-ma.)
Ochre. Kawka-wak' ill'-a-
hee.
Odd. Hul-oi'-me.
Off. Klak.
Off-shore. MIht-lin-nee.
Offal. Kul'-tus.
Oil. Gleese. To oil, Mam-
ook gleese.
Old. O'-le-man. (O. C,
Shoo.)
Night (darkness). Po-lak-
ly.
Nine. Kweest, or Kwaist.
No (not). Wake.
Nobody. Wake klaksta.
Noise. Le-tlah'.
None. Ha'-lo.
Nonsense. Kul'-tus wa'-wa.
Noon. Sit'-kum sun.
North. Sto'-be-lo.
Nose (snout). Nose; E-
meets'. (Chehalis, Moch'-
ea.)
Not. Wake.
Nothing. O'-ne-tan.
Notwithstanding. Kegh'-
che.
Now. Al'-ta. (O. C., Wit'-
ka.)
Nozzle. Nose.
Nutriment. Muck'-a-muck.
Q
Old woman. La mai'.
On. Ko'pa.
Once. Ko-pet' ikt time.
One. Ikt.
Onion. L’on-ion'; U-Ia-
lach'.
Only. Ko-pet ikt.
Open. Hih-lakl'.
Opinion. Tum'-tum.
Opposite (across). In'-a-ti,
or ee'-na-ti.
Or. Pe.
Order (to). P6t'-12tch
kum'-tux.
Ornamental (gay colors).
Tzum.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Orphan. Ha'-18 papa, halo
mamma.
Other. Hul-oi'-mee. Other
side, Ee'nati.
Otter (land otter). Ne-nem'-
ooks. Sea otter, E-lak'-ka.
Our. Ne-si'-ka.
Outdoors (outside). Kll'-
ha-nee.
Out (to put outside; to
drive away). Mam'-ook
kla'-ha-nee.
27
Outlaw. Me-s&h'-chee til'-
a-kum.
Over (above). Sah'-ha-lee.
Overcoat. Hy-as Ca-po'.
Owl. Waugh-waugh.
Own (my own). Ni'-ka ik'-
ta.
Ox. Moos-moos.
Oyster, oysters. Chitlo;
klo-klo.
Pacify. Ch&h'-co kloshe.
Paddle (a). Is'-sick.
Paddle (to). Mam'-ook is'-
sick.
Pain. Sick.
Paint. Pent.
Pair. M6x.
Pale. T'kope.
Paltry. Ten'-as.
Pants (pantaloons). Sa-
kul'-leks.
Panther. Hy-as' puss-puss;
Swad-wa'.
Pap. Too-toosh'.
Papa. Papa.
Paper. Pa'-peh.
Parents. Papa pe mamma.
Park. Kloshe ill'-a-hee.
Parrot. Wa'-wa kul'-la-
kul-la.
Patch (to patch). Tope'-
chin.
Part. Sit'-kum.
Partake. Is'-kum.
Path. Oo'-e-hut.
P
Pauper. Kla-how'-yum til'-
a-kum.
Paw. Le pe-ay.
Pay. Pot'-latch chick'-a-
min.
Peak. Slh'-ha-lee ill'-a-hee.
Peas. Le-pwah'.
Pebble. Ten'-as stone.
Peep. Ten'-as nan'-ich.
Penitent. Sick tum'-tum.
Penis (membrum virile).
Woot'llt.
People. Til'-a-kum.
Perhaps. Klo-nass'.
Perpetual. Kwon'-e-sum.
Petticoat (skirt). Kal-a-
kwah'-tee.
Petty. Ten'-as.
Physic. Le mes-tin'; m£s'-
sen.
Piebald. Le kye'.
Piety (pious). Kloshe.
Pig. Ko'-sh5.
Pill. Le mes-tin'.
Pin. Kwek'-we-ens.28
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Pine (or any resinous tree).
LA-goom' stick.
Pipe. LA-peep'.
Pistol. Ten'-as musket.
Pit (hole). Ket'-wil-la.
Pitch. LA goom.
Plain (prairie). Tillamook
Kolote.
Plank. LA-plash'.
Plate. Las-siett'.
Play. Mam'-ook hee'-hee.
Pleased. Youtl.
Plow. Le-shal-loo'.
Plow (to). Klugh Ill'-a-hee.
Pole. Le-pesh'.
Poor. Kla-how'-yum.
Porgy. Cuk'-ko (Che.).
Pork. Ko'-sho itl-wil-lee.
Porpoise. Kwi-see'-o.
Pot. Ket'-ling.
Potato. Wap'-a-t5.
Pour (to). Te-wagh'.
Powder. Po'-lal-ly.
Prairie. Tip'-so ill'-a-hee.
(Tillamook, Ko-lote'.)
Prairie wolf (coyote).
Tol'-a-pus.
Pray. Wa'-wa ko'pa SAh'-
ha-lee Ty-ee'.
Precious. Hy-as kloshe.
Present (a). Kul'-tus pot'-
latch.
Presently. Al'-ki; win-a-
pee.
Pretty (nice; good). Toke'-
tee.
Priest. Le-plate'.
Prophet (soothsayer). E-
tam-a-nA.
Proud. Kwetl; Yoult.
Prove. De-late kum'-tux.
Provide. Is'-kum ik'-tas.
Provoke. Mam'-ook sol-lex.
Prow. Nose.
Prowl. Klat'-a-wa kAh-
kAh'.
Pudenda (vulva). Ta-ni'-
no.
Pull. Haul.
Push (squeeze). Kwut'l.
Q
Quahaug clams. Smet'-ok.
Quail (partridge). Ill'-a-
hee kul'-la-kul'-la.
Quail (to). ChAh'-co
kwass'.
Quarrel. Sol'-lex wa'-wa.
Quarter of a dollar. Ikt
kwah'-ta.
Quarter (a fourth). Ten.-
as sit'-kum; kwah'ta.
Quartz. Chick'-a-min ko'-
pa stone.
Queen. Klooch'-man ty-ee',
Queer. Hul-oi'-mee.
Quench. Ko-pet pi'Ah.
Quick. Hy-ak'.
Quills. Te-peh'.
Quilt. Tzum pa-see'-see.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
29
R
Rabbit. Kwet'-sha-dee.
Rabid. Me-sih'-chee sol'-
lex.
Race. Hy-ak' coo'-lee.
Racehorse. Coo'-lee ku'-i-
tan.
Rag. Kul'-tus sail.
Rage. Hy-as' sol'-tex.
Rain. Snass. (O. C., Stoo'
lis.)
Rake. Illahee comb.
Rare. Wake hi-yu'.
Ram. Man le-moo'-to.
Ramble. Klat'-a-wa.
Rapid, (swift). Hy-ak'
mam'-ook.
Rapids of a river. Chuck
hy-ak'.
Raspberries. Se-Ih'-pult o'-
lil-lee.
Rat. Co'-lee-co'-lee.
Rattle. Shug.
Rattlesnake. Shug o'-poots.
Raw. Wake pi'-ih.
Razor. Kla-poo'-chus 6-
pit'-sah.
Razor clam. O'-na.
Reach (to arrive.) Ko.
Read (to). Kum'-tux pa'-
peh; kum'-tux book.
Reap. T'lkope' sap'-o-lil.
Red. Pil sometimes pro-
nounced Pel).
Regret. Sick tum'-tum.
Reject. Marsh.
Rejoice. Mam'-ook kwan.
Relate (tell). Wa'-wa.
Remain. Mit'-llte.
Remember. Wake kopet'
kum'-tux.
Remorse. Cly tum'-tum.
Remote. Si-ah'.
Remove. M£rsh.
Renew. Mam'-ook chee.
Repent. Keel'-a-py tum'-
tum.
Reply. Wa'-wa.
Reptile. Klh'-kwa o'-luk.
Reside. Mit'-lite.
Resign. Ko-pet'.
Resolute. Skoo'-kum tum'-
. turn.
Rest. Ha'-lo mam'-ook.
Restaurant. Muck'-a-muck
house.
Resurrection. Mem'-a-loose
mit'-wit.
Retire (to go to bed). Ma-
hox'-te.
Return. Chah'-co weght.
Ribbon. Le-lo'-bl.
Ribs. E'-tin-will; tel'-e-
min.
Rice. Lice.
Ride. Klat'-a-wa ko'-pa
chick'-chick.
Rifle. Cal-i-peen'.
Right (at the right). Ken-
ki-&m'.
Ring (a). Kweo-kweo.
Ripe. Pi'-ah.
Rise. Mit'-wit.
River. Chuck. (O. C., Ik-
hol', preferable.)
Road. Oo'-e-hut.
Roam. Klat'-a-wa sl-&h'.30
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Roan-color. San'-de-lee.
Roar. Hi'-yu la-tlah'.
Roast. Mam'-ook H-pel'-la.
Roasted meat. Li-pel'-li;
ap-po'-la.
Robust. Skoo'-kum.
Rock. Stone. A better word
is ’’Kais,” the old Chi-
nook.
Roe (fish eggs). Pish le-
sep'.
Roof. Slh'-ha-lee ko'-pa
house.
Rooster (cock). Man 1&-
pool'.
Rope. Lope.
Rosin. Kfill li-goom'.
Rotten. Poo'-lee.
Round (circular; ring-
like). Tsole.
Round (like a sphere).
Lo-wul'-lo.
Row (to). Mam'-ook le-
llhm'.
Rum. Lum.
Run. Coo'-lee. Run away,
Kap'-swal-la klat'-a-wa.
Rupture. Kok'-shut.
Sack. Le sac.
Sad. Sick tum'-tum.
Saddle. L&-sell'.
Saddle-housings. Le-pish'-
e-mo.
Sail. Sill, or sail.
Sailor. Ship'-man.
Saliva. La-boos' chuck; toh.
Salmon. Sam'-mon. (O. C.,
Equan'nat.)
Salt. Le sell, or salt.
Same. Kon'-a-mox.
Sand. Po'-lal-ly.
Sandwich Islands, Hawaii.
Owyhee.
Sash, belt. La-san-jel'.
Save; keep. Is'-kum.
Saw. La see'.
Say, to. Wa-wa.
Scales of a fish. Pish skin.
Scarce. Wake hi-yu'.
Scarlet. Hy-as' pil.
s
Scatter. Mirsh kon'-a-way
kih.
Schooner. Mox stick ship.
Scissors. Le-see'-zo.
Scold. Sol lex wa-wa.
Scoundrel. Me-sah'-chee
til'-a-kum.
Scream. Skoo'-kum cly.
Scribe, clerk. Tzum til'-a-
kum.
Scythe. Youtl'-kut o-pit'-
sah.
Sea. Salt chuck. We-co'-
ma (O. C.) is better.
Seal. Ol'-hi-yu.
Sea otter. E-lak' ka.
See. Nan'-ich.
Seed. Seed.
Seek, to. Tik'-eh klap.
Seethe. Skoo'-kum lip-lip.
Seldom. Wake hi-yu'.
Self, myself. Ni'-ka.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
31
Sell. Mlr'-kook.
Sense. Kum-tux.
Serious. Wake hee'-hee.
Serpent. O'-luk.
Serve, to. Mam'-ook.
Seven. SIn'-a-mox.
Sew, to. Mam'-ook tip'-
shin.
Shake. To'-to, Hul-hul.
Shallow. Wake kee'-kwil-
ly.
Shame. Shem. (O.C.,nach-
a-mats.)
Share. Sit'-kum.
Shark. Hy-as' kom'-ooks
pish.
Sharp. Yah-kis ilth'. Tsish.
Sharpen, to. Mam'-ook
tsish.
She. Yah'-ka.
Shear. Mam'-ook Li-see'-
26.
Sheep. Le moo'-to.
Shell, money, (the small).
Koop-koop; al-li'-ka-
cheek'.
Shell,money (the large).
Hy'-kwa.
Shingle. Le-bah'-do.
Shining. T'wah.
Ship. Ship.
Shirt. Shut.
Shoes. Shoes.
Shoot, to. Mam'-ook poh.
Short. Yutes-kut.
Shot, bullet. Ten'-as le
bal; kli'-e-tan; shot.
Shot pouch. Kli'-e-tan le-
sac'. Tsole'-put.
Shoulders. Ok-chock.
Shout, to. Hy'-as wa'-wa.
Shovel. La-pell'.
Shower. Ten'-as snass'.
Shrimp. She-sinch (Che.).
Shut, to. Ik-poo'-yee.
Sick. Sick; et-sit'-sa.
Sift, to. To'-t5.
Silence. Ha'-lo tl&h.
Silk. La-soy'.
Silver. T'kope' chick'-a-
min.
Simmer. Ten'-as lip'-lip.
Similar. Kah-kwa.
Sin, sinful. Me-s&h'-chee.
Since. Kim'-ta.
Sincere. Wake kla-min'-a-
wit.
Sing, to. Shon tay'. (O. C.,
Ny-ee'-na.)
Sink. M&rsh klip.
Sister. O-qua-tum. Ats (if
younger than the speak-
er; K&h'-pd, if older).
Sit, to. Mit-lite (to stay).
Old Chinook, yoots.
Six. Tah'-kum.
Size (what). Kon'-see hy-
as'.
Skin. Skin.
Skunk. Skub'-be-oo.
Humm-o-pooch'.
Sky. Koo'-sah. (O. C.,
Skatl.)
Slap. Kok'-shut.
Slave. E-li-tee.
Slay. Mem'-a-loose.
Sleep. Moo'-sum.
Slow, slowly. Klah'-wa.
Small. Ten'-as. (O. C.,
hook.)32
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Smell. Humm.
Smelt (“candle fish”). Ul'
ken. (ool'-kun.)
Smoke. Smoke.
Snake. O'luk.
Snare. La pee-age'.
Snow. Cole snass. (Che-
halis, Clak-oo'.)
Soap. Soap.
Soft. Klim-min'.
Soil. Ill'-a-hee.
Sole. Kee'-kwil-ly le-pee-a'.
Solid. Kull.
Solitary. Ko'-pet ikt.
Son. Et-sich'-a.
Soon. Wake la'-lee. Tshi'-
keh, al'ki.
Sore. Sick.
Sorrel (horse). Le-blau.
Sorry. Sick-tum'-tum.
Soul. Ta - m&h' - na - wus,
tum'-tum.
Sound. L&-tlah'.
Soup. Lip'-lip muck-a-
muck.
Sour. Kwates.
South. Ste - wah'. South
wind.
Sow, to. M&rsh sap'-o-lil
ko'-pa ill'-a-hee.
Sow, a. Klooch'man ko-
sho.
Spade. Li-pell.
Spark (of fire). Tle'-yuk.
Sparrow. Ten'-as kul'-la-
kul'-la.
Speak. Wa'-wa.
Spectacles. Dol'-la se-lh'-
wust.
Spike. Hy-as'-le-kloo'.
Spill, to. Wagh.
Spirit. Ta-mah'-na wus. A
good spirit, e-kone'.
Spirits, liquor. Lum.
Spit. Toh; mam'-ook toh'.
Split. Tsugh.
Spoil. Chah'-co kul'-tus.
Spoiled. Kul'-tus.
Spoon. Spoon.
Spotted (horse). Le-kye.
Marked, figured. Tzum.
Spring, Springtime. Tenas
waum.
Spruce tree. Se'-cartl (Che.)
Spurs. Le see' bio.
Squirrel. Kwiss-kwlss'.
(The pine squirrel.)
Squaw. Klooch'-man.
Stab. Klem'-a-hun.
Stag. Man mow'-i'ch.
Stanch, to. Mamook t's&k'.
Stand. Mit-wit. (O. C.,
the-mil'.)
Stars, or star. Tsil'-tsil.
Stare. Hi'-yu nan'-i'ch.
Stay, to. Mit'-llte.
Steal. Kap'-swal-la. (O. C.,
Ut-soo'-tuk.)
Steam. Smoke.
Steamer. Pi'-ah ship.
Stench. Pu-pu', humm'.
Stick. Stick.
Still, quiet. T'lkul.
Sting. O'poots klem'-a-
hun.
Stirrup. Sit' lay.
Stockings, socks. Kush'-is,
stocken.
Stomach. Ten-sart (Che.).CHINOOK DICTIONARY
33
Stone. Stone. (O. C.,
Kais.)
Stop. Kd-pet'.
Store. M&r'-hook house.
Storm (wind). Hi-yu'
wind. Rainstorm, hi-yu'
snass.
Story. Eh-klh'-nam.
Straight. De-late'. Straight,
erect, upright, Si'-pah.
Strange. Hul-oi' mee.
Stranger. Hul-oi'-mee til'-
a-kum.
Straw. Dly tip'-so.
Strawberries. Ah-mo'-teh.
Stray. Klat'-a-wa k&h-kah'.
Strike, to. Kok'-shut.
Strong. Skoo'-kum. (O. C.,
Su-puk.)
Sturgeon. Stut'-chun.
Stubborn.
Subdue. To'-lo.
T
Table. La-tlhb'.
Tack. Ten'-as le-kloo'.
Tail. O'poots, or o-pooch'.
Take, to. Is'-kum.
Take care. Kloshe nan-ich.
Take off, or out. Mam'-
ook kl&h'. Mlrsh.
Tale, story. Yi'-em; eh-
kSh'-nam.
Talk. Wa'-wa.
Tall. Hy-as'.
Tallow. Gleese; moos'-
moos gleese.
Tame. Kwass.
Tan. Mirsh yak'-so ko'-pa
skin.
Sugar. Le-sook'.
Sun. Sun. (O. C., o'-tllh.
Ikt Sun Monday (or one
day); mox sun, Tuesday,
etc.
Sunday. Sunday. Ikt Sun-
day, one week, etc.
Sunrise. Sun mit'-wit.
Sunset. Klip sun.
Suppose. Spdse; klo-nass'.
Surprise (exclamation of).
Hwah.
Suspect. Spose me-s&h'-
chee.
Swan. Kah-loken', ow-
woo'-chee.
Swap. Hoo'-ee hoo-ee.
Sweep, to. Mam'-ook
bloom.
Sweet. Tsee.
Swell. Pow'-il.
Swim. Sit'-chum.
Tap. Ko-ko.
Tardy. Kla-wah'.
Tart, sour. Kwates.
Taste. Ten'-as muck'-a-
muck.
Tea. Tea.
Teach. Mam'-ook kum'-
tux.
Tear, to. Klugh.
Tear, a. See-ah'-wust
chuck.
Tell, to. Wa'-wa; yi'-em.
Teeth. Le-tau; ots-ats-ach.
Teetotaler. Is'-kum ha'-lo-
lum.
Ten. Tahtlum.34
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Tender. Wake kull; klim-
min'.
Tent. Sail house.
Tepid. Ten'-as waum.
Terror. Hy-as' kwass.
Testicle. Stone.
Testify. De-late' yl'-em.
Thanks, thank you. Mes-
see'.
That. O-koke. (O. C.,
Koo-sal'-la.)
That way. Yih'-wa.
Thaw. Chih'-cd chuck.
They. Klas'-ka. (O. C.,
Kla-bl'-ka.)
There, thither. Ylh'-wa.
Thick, viscid. Pit-lill'.
Thief. Til-a-kum mam'-
ook kap-swal'-la.
Thigh. Ten-se'-quok.
(Chi.)
Thin, as shingle, ice, etc.
P'che; pe what'-tee.
Thine. Thou. Mi'-ka.
Thing. Ik'-ta.
Think. Pit-tuck'; mam'-
ook tum'-tum.
This. O'koke. This way,
Yah'-kwa.
Thirsty. O'-Io chuck.
Thou. Mi'-ka. (O. C.,
Noo.)
Thread. Kla-plte'.
Three. Klone.
Throw, to throw away.
Mlrsh.
Thunder. S&h'-ha'lee skoo'-
kum wa'-wa. Kan-a-
wak'-soo-ma. (O. C.)
Thunder-bird. Hah-ness'.
This was a great figure in
the old Indian mythology.
Tide. Chuck chah'-co pe
klat'-a-wa.
Tie, to. Kow.
Tight, secure. Kwutl.
Timid. Kwass.
Tinware. Ma-Uh'.
Tip, to. Llgh.
Tire, of a wagon. Chick'-
chick chick'-a-min.
Tired, weary. Till.
To, toward. Ko'-pa.
Tobacco. Ki-nootl'; ki-
noos'. (In Klickitat, tah-
wa'.) A substitute for to-
bacco, the leaves of the
kinnikinnic', or bear ber-
ry (arctostophylus uva
urst}, a pretty, vine-like
shrub of the country near
the coast, was smoked.
Today. Ikt sun. (O. C.,
Chan.)
Tomorrow. To-mol'-la.
Wa'-kee.
Tongue. Ll-lang'.
Top, house top. Sah'ha-lee
kopa house. Treetop,
Sah'-ha-lee stick.
Tough. Kull.
Tow. Mam'-ook haul ko'-
pa chuck.
Toward. ChSh'-co y&h'-
wa.
Towel. See-lh'-wust sail.
Trade, swap, barter. Hoo'-
ee hoo'-ee.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
35
Tradesman, storekeeper.
Mlh'-kook-man.
Trail. Oo'-e-hut.
Tramp, vagabond. Kul'-
tus til'-a-kum.
Trap. Le-pe-age'.
Trash. Kul'-tus ik'-tah.
Travel. Klat'-a-wa.
Tree. Stick. (O. C.,
shwal'-peh.)
Tremble, to. Ha-let'.
Trot. Teh-teh'.
Trousers. Sa-kul'-lex.
Ugly. Wake toke'-tee.
Uncle. Tot.
Under. Kee'-kwil-ly.
Understand. Kum'-tux. (O.
C., e-chim'-lee.)
Unhappy. Sick tum'-tum.
Untamed. Le-mo'-ld.
Untie. Mam'-ook stoh;
M&rsh kow.
Trout. Tzum sam'-mon.
True. De-late' (also truly).
Trunk. La-cas-sett'.
Truth. De-late' wa'-wa.
Try. Mam'-ook.
Tub. Ta-mo'-litch.
Turn, to. Keel'-a-py.
Turnips. La Moo' au.
Twilight. Twah.
Twine. Ten'-as lope.
Twist, to. Ham'-ook keel'-
a-py.
Two, twice. Mox, moxt.
u
Up. Sah'ha-lee.
Upset, to. Keel'-a-py.
Urchin. Ten'-as til-a-kum.
Urge. Hy-as' tik'-eh.
Us, our, we. Ne-si'-ka.
Use, to. Mam'-ook.
Useless. Kul'-tus.
V
Vacant. Wake ik'-tah mit'-
lite.
Vagabond. Kul'-tus til'-a-
kum.
Vain, proud. Youtl.
Valiant. Skoo' kum.
Valise. Ten'-as cas-sett'.
Valley. Coo'-lee.
Vapor. Smoke.
Veal. Ten'-as-moos'-moos
itl-wil'-lee.
Vegetables. Muck'-a-muck
chah'-co kopa ill'-a-hee.
Veins. Ten-arts-lets. (Che.)
Vehicle. Chick'-chick.
Venison. Mow'-ich itl-wil'-
lee.
Victuals. Muck'-a-muck.
View. Nan'-ich.
Vigil. Wake moo'-sum.
Vile. Kul'-tus.
Village. Ten'-as town.36
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Villain. Me-slh'-chee til'-
a-kum.
Vine. Youtl'-kut tip'-so.
Viper. Ten'-as o'-luk.
Virgin. Wake kum'-tux-
man.
Vision. Ta-mah'-na-wus.
Visit. Klat'-a-wa nan'-ich
til'-a-kum.
Voice. Wa'-wa.
Volcano. Pi'-ah la-mon-
tai'.
Vomit, to. Wagh.
Vermin, fleas, etc. Ee'-na-
poo.
Very. Hy-as'. Very bad,
hy-as' kul'-tus.
Vessel. Ship.
Vest. Li west.
Vial. Ten'-as la-boo-tai'.
Vice. Me-sih'-chee.
Victor. To'-lo til'-a-kum.
Wade. Klat'-a-wa ko'-pa
chuck.
Wagon. Chick-chick.
Wail. Hi-yu' cly.
Wait. Win'-a-pee.
Walk. Klat-a-wa.
Wampum: shell money.
Hy'-kwa.
Wander, to. Tso'-lo.
Want, to. Tik'-eh.
War, to. Mam'-ook pite.
Warn. Waum. (O.	C.,
Whul'-lah.)
Warning. Pot'-latch kum'-
tux ko'-pa me-sah'-chee.
Warrior. Pite til'-a-kum.
Wash, to. Mam'-ook wash.
Wasp. An-de-al'.
Waste, to. Kul'-tus mirsh.
Watch, a. Tick-tick.
Watch, to. Kloshe nan-ich.
Water. Chuck.
Waterspout. Chuck oo'-e-
hut.
Waterfall. Tum'-water.
We. Ne-si'-ka. (O. C, U-
ne-im.)
Weak. Wake skoo'-kum.
Wed. Mam'-ook mal'-leh.
Weed. Kul'-tus tip'-so.
Week. Ikt Sunday.
Weep. Cly.
Weigh, to. Mam'-ook till.
Well; well then. Ab'-ba.
West. Sun mit'-lite.
Wet. Pihtl chuck.
Whale. E-co'-la; kwad'-
dis.
What? Ik'-tih? (Chehalis,
tarn.)
What color? Kah'ta tzum?
Wheat. Sap'-o-lil or leb-
ley.
Wheel. Chick-chick.
When. Kun'-juk; kon'-see.
Where. Kah.
Whip. Le-whet'.
Whisky. Lum.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
37
White. T'kope.
Who. Klax'-ta. (O. C.,
wat.)
Whole. Lo'-l5.
Whore. Kul'-tus klooch'-
man.
Why. K&h'-ta.
Wicked. Me-s&h'-chee.
Wide. Kluk-ull'.
Wild. Le-mo'-lo.
Widow. Klooch'-man y&h'-
ka man mem'-a-loose.
Wife. Klooch'-man mit'-
llte ko'-pa ikt man. O-
quk'-a-kull.
Will, the. Tum'-tum.
Willow. Ee'-na stick.
Wild. Le-mS'-lo.
Wilderness. Le-mo-lo ill'-
a-hee.
Will, the. Tum'-tum.
Will you? Shall you? Nah?
(See nah.)
Win, to. To'-ld.
Wind. Wind. (O. C.,
st'loo.)
Window. Se-loke'-mil;
glass.
Wing. T£-peh'.
Wink, to. Mam'-ook see
Sh'-wust.
Winter. C8le ill'-a-hee.
Wipe, to. Klak'-wun.
Wire. Chick'-a-min lope',
Wise. Hi-yu kum'-tux.
Wish. Tik'-eh.
With. Ko'-pa.
Withdraw. Mam'-ook
keel'-a-py.
Witchcraft. Me-sah'-chee
ta-mah'-na-wus.
Without, having none.
Ha'-lo.
Without, not in, outside.
Kla'-ha-nee.
Wolf. Le-loo.
Wool. Le-moo'-to-yak'-so.
Woman. Klooch'-man. (O.
C., tluck-ull'.)
Woman’s gown. Coat.
Woo. Tik'-eh mal'-leh.
Wood, wooden. Stick. (O.
C., Ec-skann and Ubsh.)
Work. Mam'-ook.
World. Kon'-a'way ik'-
tah.
Worn-out. O'-le-man.’
Worse (to become). Chlh'-
co hi'-yu' sick.
Worthless. Kul'-tus.
Wound, to. Klem'-a-hun;
kwult.
Write, to. Mam'-ook tzum.
Writing. Tzum.
Wrong. Wake kloshe.38
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
¥
Yard. Ikt stick".
Yankee. Boston.
Yawn. Tik'-eh moo'-sum.
Year. Cole or koi. Ikt koi,
one year; klone koi, three
years.
Yearn. Hy-as' tik-eh.
Ye. Mesi'ka. (O. C., tla-
di'-ka.)
Yell Skoo'-kum cly.
Yellow. Kaw'-wa-wak.
Yelp. Kow'-mooks cly.
Yes. A'ha.
Yes, indeed. Nl-wit'-ka.
Yesterday. T&hl'-kee; tlhl'-
kee sun. (O. C., Te
lis.)
Yonder. Y&h'-wa.
You (singular). Mika.
Plural, me-si-ka.
Your, yours (singular).
Mika. (Plural me-si'-ka.)
Young. Ten'as. (O. C.,
Kwalim'.)Chinook of the Pure Old Type
(Meaning of Names)
Our "Jargon” is deficient in inflection, comparison,
gender and many other features of a finished language.
The original Chinook was more abundant in such in-
flections than English. Dr. Franz Boas spent years in
the study of the Indian tongues about the mouth of the
Columbia, and his records of Chinook, Chehalis and Cath-
lamet are bewildering in their complexity. The "number”
of nouns among the Chinook included, like the Greek,
singular, dual and plural. The genders were all expressed
by a primal syllable, of which form some words in the
Jargon still are evidences, as: E-lite, a masculine slave
(though used indiscriminately in Jargon), £-lahka, £-
salth; the prefix E denoting the masculine. A primal o
indicated the feminine, as in 0-quanax, 0-qulakull, and an
initial Z, which was spoken like a forcible gl, and which
was one of the uncanny features of their speech to Euro-
peans and Americans, denoted the neuter, as in I ukutchee,
clams; (Z)tsuk, water.
Grammatical forms expressed great and small, and
these ideas were indicated by the regular construction of
words expressing these ideas, as e/?-pkwan, a large bas-
ket; o-pikwan, a small basket. Instead of a separate
pronoun denoting "my” father, "his” father, "their”
father, etc., the noun itself was inflected, its changed
form representing all our pronouns. Relationships in
families are also remarkable, and even in the Jargon exam-
ples still persist, as kahpo, an older brother; ow, a
younger; but these words were used only by a person
speaking of his own brothers. There were at least four
forms for grandmother, covering both sides of a family,
and uncles, aunts and other relatives were so nicely and
thoroughly indicated by distinct words—none of our son-
in-law and "great-great” combinations—that there is a
large vocabulary in family relationships alone.40
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
In the examples of the original Chinook given below
the accusative and oblative case is indicated in the forma-
tion of compound words in some instances. Other exam-
ples are given to show the surprising extent of the old
language and its arbitrary formation, ignoring the roots
and clews by which we recognize words in Aryan tongues.
Chinook.	English Equivalent.
Actungomit.	He carried her away.
Atstotena.	He killed them.
Nichelkulil.	He spoke much to him.
Nopa.	She went out.
Nachelka.	She grew angry.
Noya.	She went.
Tolk.	A house.
Wewootlee.	Interior of a house.
Yahka (same in Jargon).	He.
Tiaklietanema.	His arrows.
(Here the possessive is	indicated by tia and the plural by ema.)
Kawok.	A guardian Spirit.
Iakawok.	His guardian Spirit.
Imeyoghema.	Your guardian Spirit.
Iguannot.	Chinook salmon.
Glapta.	Salmon eggs.
Otsoyeha.	Blue-back salmon.
Oowun.	Silver salmon.
Opalo.	Trout.
Olatee.	Dog salmon.
Elemich.	The tutelary spirit of hunters.
Iquamietch.	The tutelary spirit of fisher- men.
Wachs.	Every morning.
Liso.	Dishes made from horn of mountain sheep.
Okulam.	The roar of the surf.
Slkomam.	They arrive at their house.
The words above have strongly accented syllables which
seem needless to indicate in this comparison. I haveCHINOOK DICTIONARY
41
selected sonorous words. There are many in the old texts
of Doctor Boas which would stagger a Pole. I insert a
few names of places which seem worth recording. In one
or two instances their meaning is based on reasonable
conjecture. I have found no previous record of their
meaning except as stated:
Narsuance (Wind River, Wash.). Big water.
Necarney (originally N'akarna, a Clatsop word). The
Great Spirit’s mountain.
Akarna (Clatsop) origin of above. The Great Spirit.
Nekanakum (spelled commonly Necanicum). The spell-
ing authorized by U. S. maps is Nekanakum. Southern
sources of this stream rise in the Necarney ridge, and I
venture the assertion that our modern name is only
slightly corrupted from "Nakarnaikhol,” the “Spirit
river.”
Clatsop, derived from the Chinook word “kletstep”
(I believe), which meant grass, grassy, grass-land. The
"Clatsops” received the name of the country where they
lived.
Selipo or shelipoo. The old Chinook word for ice,
icy, frozen. This definition fits Shilapoo lake, Clarke
county, as explained in vocabulary.
Shocatilcum. A Tillamook name for the lower Colum-
bia. The Indian, however, did not mean the water of the
river, as we do by our names, but the country through
which it ran. I take Shocatilcum from Lewis and Clarke’s
Journal.
Wauna (pronounced Wah'na). Klickitat word for
river, and doubtless applied to the Columbia, and prob-
ably to others also. (Wauna as a name for the Columbia
valley by F. H. Balch in “Bridge of the Gods,” p. 75.)Grammar of the Jargon
There is no inflection of words. The same form is
used generally for both singular and plural, though occa-
sionally an s is added to indicate the plural of olillee
(berry or berries), iktas and wap pat oo.
Mika, Nika, Mesika, etc., personal pronouns, are used
in both nominative and objective cases, and also posses-
sive; but yahka is a distinct possessive, meaning his or
her. The same word also serves as a demonstrative pro-
noun, signifying '‘that” person or thing.
Okoke (or ocoke) is also a demonstrative, signifying
this, this one.
Klaxta is used as an interrogative pronoun for whose,
as "klaxta okoke kuitan?” Whose horse is this?
There is no comparison of the adjective, but best is
expressed by elip, which is literally “first.” Many is ex-
pressed by hiyu, as "hiyu olillee,” plenty of berries; and
much or very by hyas.
There is no article, save that sometimes yahka or okoke
is employed to serve as definite “the” ; “okoke sun” this
day, “ocoke tenas” the child.
No plural form of words. "Hiyu” expresses “many”
in connection with nouns, as: "Hiyu paseesee,” many
blankets.
Adjectives and modifiers precede substantive, as in Eng-
lish; "Skookum kuitan,” a strong horse; "hyas eena,”
big beavers.
No inflection of adjectives, the comparison being ex-
pressed by periphrasis, as "wake mesahchee Siwash kah-
kwa Pahsiooks,” the Siwash is not wicked like the French-
man; or "hiyu polaklee yahkwa,” it is very dark here.
Stress upon certain syllables expresses the idea of exag-
geration as "siah”—the latter syllable more and more
prolonged to indicate great distance. "Penas” emphasized
in this way means very small. "Ahri kutty” very long ago.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
43
Genitive or possessive is expressed by construction,
and the use of the personal pronouns, which become pos-
sessive when prefixed to nouns, as :"Nika okustee,” my
daughter; "Yahka seahpo,” his (or her) cap. "Klaksta
okoke kuitan?” whose horse is that? "Nika,” it is mine;
"Nika komooks,” your dog.
The personal pronouns are:
Nika, I.
Mika, thou.
Yahka, he, she, it.
Klaxta, who.
Mesika, we.
Nesika, you.
Klaska, they, them.
Among the interrogatives are "Iktah,” what? What’s
up now? etc.
"Kah,” where? whence? whither?
"Kahta,” how? why?
"Kon-see” how many ? how much ?
"Klaxta” who?
"Howkwutl,” how can? how could?
"No” is a general interrogation, and used in many dif-
ferent forms of question.Derivation-Pronunciation
The origin of words in the following vocabulary is in-
dicated as follows: Chinook words and words plainly
derived from English are not marked. Words from the
Chehalis are marked (Ch.); from Nootka (N.); from
Wasco (W.); from Klickitat (K.); from Salishan
tongues (S.); from Canadian and French (F.).
Invented words, and words of doubtful origin which
have become incorporated in the Jargon are marked (J.).
Words of less frequent use and unknown origin are
marked (?). Many good words, worthy of perpetuation
from the original Chinook, are indicated by the letters
(O. C.). These are given not so much for enlargement of
the vocabulary as for comparison, and for the preserva-
tion of old form, and have been culled from all existing
words. In nearly every instance these words were actually
in use in the time of Doctors McLoughlin, Tolmie and
Birnie.
Pronunciation is indicated as follows: Accented syl-
lables by an accent mark ('). This accent is not invariable
in all words, but sometimes movable, as in “Klahanee,”
which is accented on either first or last syllable. Sapolil
varies its accent occasionally in the same way. There are
very few variations of this kind, however. Tenas and hyas
are among them.
A (a) has the long, narrow sound of a in face, fade,CHINOOK DICTIONARY
45
when marked a, as Klale, delate. Short A is marked a
as in common usage: Klak, mamook. The ’'Italian” broad
A (&) will be indicated by the I in klah, mlrsh, etc. The
i thus marked has the same sound as in arm. The broad-
est A (a) as in all, war, is used in wawa, kwan, etc.
E has only the short (e) and long (e) sounds, indi-
cated in the usual way. I, O and U also, have only the
short and long sounds indicated as in phonetic English,
except that U in some cases has the value of oo, as in
ulchey, ulken and a few other words, for which our types
have no special character.
R, F and V were difficult or impossible to most of the
Indians; but as the French word "marche” was taken into
the Jargon it retains a semblance of its old form in
"marsh.” Fire became "piah.” Some old forms retained
in this edition have become fixed by usage, such as lagh,
t'lkope, howkwut'l. Most of the early forms of Chinook
words have been curtailed of these awkward combina-
tions, and no doubt the spoken Jargon has lost its special
characteristic, which was the powerful and frequent gut-
tural. This is still indicated in certain words by an apos-
trophe following t’, F and p*. The frequent sound of
ch, a characteristic of the Chinook, sounded like the gb
in the Irish word lough, is now represented in most
cases by k.
The modern usage of the vowels of the Jargon is better
defined than that of the time of the Astoria settlement,
for Alex. Ross, one of the Astor men, in his Chinook
vocabulary, represents our klaxta by "tluxta,” ahnkutty
by "ankate,” weght by "wought,” kuitan by "keutan,"
kultus by "kaltash,” iskum by "eshkam.” Other early
writers indicate the same doubtful vowel sounds of the
Indian speech, which time and usage have brought to the
simpler present forms.
Doctor Franz Boas took infinite pains to record the
speech of the Chinooks precisely, and in his "Chinookan
Texts” the uncouth aboriginal is exactly depicted. As an
example, the word oqukakull is represented by three46
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
stutter-like, throaty gags in lieu of syllables, the final
syllable containing the only vocal.
This guttural exaggeration of k, t, g and I was char-
acteristic of the tribes of the coast and lower Columbia,
the language of the Indians on the eastern sources of the
Columbia and beyond the Rocky Mountains being free
of it.CHINOOK-ENGLISH
A
Ab'-bl. (J.). Well; very well.
Ack (J.). Nephew.
Ah'-ha. Assent; yes. Usually a nasal sound, as if pro-
nouncing aha without opening the lips. This word
(or mumbling) is common to all Coast tribes.
Ah-mo-teh. Strawberry—plant or fruit. Corrupted into
almota occasionally.
Ahn'-kut-ty. Formerly; in the past. Prolonging the first
syllable gives the sense of long ago.
A'-klk, or more commonly ik'-kik. A fishhook.
A-lah' (J). Expresses surprise. “Alah mika chahco!” “Be-
hold, here you are!”
Al'-ki, al'-kee. Presently; not so fast; by-and-by.
Al'-li-kl-cheek' (?). A small shell worn as an ornament
for the ear.
Al'-ti. Now; at this time.
A-nlh! Expresses displeasure or disapprobation. “Anah,
nawitka mika halo shem!”—“Ah, indeed, are you
not ashamed!”
An-de-al'. A wasp.
Ap-po'-U (J.). See la-pel'-la.
A-shuk' (O. C.). Snow.
Ats. A sister, younger than the person speaking of her.
A-y&h'-whul (S.). To lend; also to borrow.
At-i-min' (O. C.). Dead.
B
Ba'-lee. Striped.
Be-bay' (F.). To kiss; to fondle.
Bed. Abed
Bit. A dime or sixpenny piece.48
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Bloom. A broom. Mamook bloom, to sweep.
Boat. A boat, as distinguished from a canoe.
Boston. American; an American.
Boston Ill'-a-hee. The United States.
Bur-dash (F.). A hermaphrodite.
By-by. By-and-by.
c
Cal-I-peen' (F.). A rifle; carbine.
Ca-nim'. A canoe.
Canim stick. Cedar, the wood from which canoes were
usually made.
Ca-po' (F.). A coat; a cloak.
Cap'-a-la. The cheeks.
Chah'-co. To come; to become; to grow. "Konsi mika
chahco?” "When did you come?” "Chahco Sollex,”
to become angry. "Chahco spoah,” to fade. "Chah'co
kloshe,” to get well, to become good.
Chak'-chak. The white-headed eagle.
Chau (O. C.). Today.
Chee. New; lately; just now. "Chee nika klatawa,” I
am going right away. "Hyas chee,” entirely new.
Chee-chee (O. C.). Small bird.
Chesp. Neck.
Chet'-lo. An oyster; oysters.
Chet-woot. A black bear.
Chick'-a-min (N.). Any metallic substance. "T'kope
chickamin,” silver. "Pil chickamin,” copper, gold,
brass (red metal).
Chik-chik (J.). A wagon; a wheel or wheels; a railroad
car or train.
Chil-chil. A button; badge.
Chis. Cold.
Chitch (S.). Grandfather.
Chope (S.). Grandmother.
Chotub. A flea.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
49
Chuck. Water; river. ’’Salt chuck,” the sea. “Skookum
chuck,” a rapid river, or rapids. “Sollex chuck,”
a rough sea. “Chuck chahco,” the water comes
(flood tide).
Chuck-kin. To kick.
Cly. To cry; mourning; weeping.
Cole. Cold. “Cole illahee,” winter, cold weather, year.
“Cole sick,” ague, chills and fever. “Ikt cole,” one
year.
Co'-lee-co'-lee. A rat.
Comb. Comb. “Mamook comb,” to comb. “Mamook
comb illahee,” to harrow.
Coo'-lee. To run. “Coolee kuitan,” a race horse. Coolee
also signifies a narrow valley, usually dry, through
which spring floods run during the melting of the
snow. (Probably from French “courir”.)
D
Da'-go. Gnats. ("No-see-’em”.)
De-late' (F.). Straight; direct; true. "Delate wawa,” to
tell the truth. “Klatawa delate,” to go directly, walk
straight, to keep the road.
De-aub' (F.). The devil.
Dly. Dry.
Doc'-tin. A doctor.
Dol-la. A dollar; money. “T'kope dolla,” silver money.
“Pil dolla,” gold.
Dolla see-ah'-wust. Spectacles (eyes one pays for).
E
Ek-skaun (O. C.). Wood; wooden.
E-kone'. Good spirit.
E'-ku'-toch. Bad spirit.
Ee'ni. Beaver. “Eena stick,” willow (beaverwood).
Ee'-na-poo. Louse. “Sopen eenapoo,” flea (jump louse).
Ee'-na-ti, or inati. The other side; across.
Eh-k&h'-nlm. A tale; a story.
Ek'-keh. A brother-in-law.50
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
E'-la-hln, or Elann. Aid; alms. "Mamook elann,” to
help, to give alms or assistance.
E-lak'k&. The sea otter.
E-co'H. A whale.
E'-lip (Ch.). First; foremost; before; soon; speedily;
more. "Elip kloshe,” the best. "Elip mamook piah,”
make a fire first. "Klatawa elip,” go ahead, in front.
"Elip tilakum,” the first people (a race supposed to
have inhabited the country before the Indians).
E-li'-te. A slave.
E-meek (J.). The back.
E-meets' (J.). The nose.
E-mx'h (J.). The breast; the chest.
E-quan'-nat. The Chinook word for salmon. This word
is the original of Quinnat, a specific name for the
Chinook or king salmon.
E-sllth' (W.). Maize; Indian corn.
E-tam'-a-na (S.). A prophet.
Ee'-tin-will (S.). The ribs.
Es'-sal (O. C.). To come.
Et-shum (O. C.). The heart.
Eth'-l&n, it-l&n. A fathom.
Et-sit-sa (S.). Sick.
E'-wash. Penis; membrum virile.
G
Gleese. Fat; oil; grease. "Hiyu gleese,” very fat. "Too-
toosh gleese,” butter.
Gleese pi'-ah. A candle.
Get-up', or ket-op'. To rise; get up.
Goom, or la-goom (F.). Pitch; resin.
Goom stick. Pine, fir or spruce.
H
HUn (O. C.). To kill.
H&h-lakl'. Wide; open. "Mamook hahlakl lapote,” open
the door. "Chahco hahlakl,” to become more open,
as a clearing in the forest.
Haht-h&ht (N.). Mallard duck. See also Kweh-kweh.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
51
Hak'-a-chum. A handkerchief.
Ha-let. To tremble.
Ha-lo (J.). None; absent; not. “Kah nika komooks?”
Where is my dog? "Halo,” not here. “Halo wind,”
a calm; dead. "Klap nika pish?” Are you catching
any fish? “Halo,” not any.
Hal-tash. Unaware; undesigned.
Haul, mamook haul. To pull; to haul.
Hee'-hee. Amusement; joke; fun. “Mamook heehee,” to
make fun. “Heehee house,” any place of amusement.
Heltsh (O. C.). To laugh.
Hoh'-hoh. To cough.
Hoo'-ee-hoo-ee (F.). To change; exchange; barter; trade.
“Hooeehooee tumtum,” to change our mind. “Hoo-
eehooee kushis,” change stockings. “Kahta hooee-
hooee mika kuitan?” How will you trade your
horse?
Hool'-hool. A mouse. “Hyas hoolhool,” a rat.
Ho'-ku-mel (Ch.). To gather; to glean.
House. House; dwelling. “Markook house,” a store.
Howh. Turn to, or get to work briskly; hurry.
How. Listen; attend.
How-kwutl'. Expresses inability. How could? Cannot.
"How-kwutl klap yahka?” How could I find her?
Hul-lel'. To shake; or mamook hullel. "Mamook hullel
sapolil,” sift, or stir the flour or wheat.
Hul-oi-mee. Strange; different; other. “Hyas huloimee,”
very strange. "Huloimee tilakum,” other people; a
different tribe.
Humm (J.). A stench or smell. “Kloshe humm,” a good
smell.
Humm o-pooch. Skunk.
Hunl'-kih. Curled; curly; crooked; knotted.
Hi-yu'. Much; plenty; enough; many. “Hiyu mucka-
muck,” plenty to eat. “Wake hiyu,” not many; a
few. “Tenas hiyu,” some; a few.
Hy-ak'. Hurry; hasten; swift; sudden; make haste. “Hy-
ak mamook issick,” paddle swiftly.
Hy-as' (N.). Great; very; large. “Hyas ahnkutty,” long
ago. “Hyas markook,” very dear, high priced. “Hyas
kloshe,” very good or nice.52
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Hy-kw£ (N.). Shell money or wampum. This formerly
was used as money among Northwestern Indians.
The kind prized most highly was the dent all um, a
long, white, quill-like shell, procured in deep water
from the coasts of the straits and inland seas by
thrusting a mass of blubber attached to a long pole
down upon the shells, which grew point up on the
rocks, and thus detaching them. It was strung upon
sinews about a fathom in length. These same shells
were sometimes worn as ornaments in pierced ears
and noses. A smaller kind of the same shell was also
used as money and called coop-coop.
Hwah! (J.). Exclamation of surprise. Ah, indeed!
I
Ik-hol' (O. C.). River; stream.
Ik-kik'. A fishhook.
Ik-poo-ee. To shut; close; closed; shut up. “Ikpooee la-
pote,” shut the door. "Ikpooee kwolonn'” (shut ear),
deaf.
Ikt. One; once; a; an. "Ikt kuitan," a horse. "Ikt nika
yahwa," I was there one time.
Ik'-ta. A thing; that thing. "Iktas," goods; merchandise,
clothes. "Tenas iktas," trifles.
Ik'-tah? What? "Iktah okoke?" What is that? "Iktah
mika tikeh?” What do you want?
Ill'-a-hee. Country; earth; the ground; soil; land. "Tipso
illahee," grassy land or prairie. "Sah'-ha-lee illahee,"
hills, mountains, heaven.
In'-a-ti, or ee'-na-ti. Across. "Inati chuck,” over the river.
Ip'-soot. To hide; keep secret; concealed; a secret. "Ip-
soot klatawa," to steal away. "Ipsoot wawa," to
whisper.
Is'-sick. A paddle. "Mamook issick," to paddle.
Is'-sick stick. Alder; ash. (Literally, paddlewood.)
Is'-kum. To take; to get; hold; take hold of. "Iskum
okoke komooks," hold that dog. "Mika na iskum?"
Did you get it?CHINOOK DICTIONARY	53
It'-lln, or ethlon. A fathom; the length of the arms ex-
tended.
It'-lo-kum. A game played with small marked sticks,
called sometimes the game of ’'hand/* This was a
favorite gambling play of the Indians. "Mamook
itlokum,” to gamble.
Itl-wil-lee. Flesh; meat. ’'Konaway yahka itlwillee sick,”
all his flesh is sore.
Its'-woot. The black bear.
Itswoot pa-see'-see. Thick dark cloth; blankets.
K
Ka-dee'na. To fight. "Clatsop tilakum kadeena Chehalis,”
the Clatsops fight with the Chehalis.
K&h? Where? whence? whither? "Kah mika klatawa?”
Whither are you bound? "Konaway kah,” every-
where. "Kah-kah,” here and there.
Klh-k&h. A crow.
Klh'-kwa (N.). Like; equal with; so; as; thus. "Kah-
kwa nika tumtum,” I think so too. "Kahkwa skoo-
kum Sam,” as strong as Sam. "Kahkwa spose,” as if.
"Kloshe kahkwa,” that is right, or good, or that is
so.
K&h'-na-wee. Acorn; acorns.
Klhnawee stick. The oak.
Kais (O. C.). Stone; rock.
Kih'-d? How? why? what? "Kahta mika nen?” What
is your name? "Kahta mika?” What ails you? "Kah-
ta yahka klatawa mimee chuck?” Why did he go
down the river?
Kal-a-ka-l&h'-ma. A goose; the wild goose.
Kal-a-kw&h'-tee. The silky inner bark of the cedar. This
bark, stripped in long filaments and made fast to a
cord or sinew in a long fringe, was worn by Chi-
nook and other Indian women of the lower country
for skirts and capes. The word also means a skirt,
from the above use. Chinese and Japanese make sim-
ilar garments of long grass.54
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Kam'as (N.). or lakamas, or camass {Cam. esculenta).
An edible bulb, a species of hyacinth, which was and
still is a principal food of the Indians. It is eaten
raw, and is also beaten into a pulp, dried in cakes
and eaten in lieu of bread. It is abundant from the
Coast Range to the Bitter Root Mountains. The
flower is blue, the plant and blossom resembling a
hyacinth.
Ka-mo'-suk. Beads. "Tyee kamosuk,” the large blue
beads so highly prized in the fur-trading days.
Kan'-num (O. C.). God.
Kap-swal'-H. To steal. “Kapswalla klatawa,” to sneak
off. “Kapswalla mamook,” to do secretly.
Kass'-kas (O. C.). A boy.
Kat'-suk. The middle or center of a circle or other figure
or thing.
K&h-lo'-ken. A swan.
Kah'-po. Elder brother or cousin.
Kau'-pee. Coffee.
Ka-wak' (Ch.). To fly.
Kaw-ka-wak'. Yellow or yellowish green.
Keel'-a-py. To turn; return; overturn; upset. ”Hyak
klatawa,” go fast. “Keelapy canim,” to upset the
canoe. “Keelapy kopa house,” return home. “Mam-
ook keelapy,” send, bring or take back. “Keelapy
tumtum,” to change the purpose.
Kee'-kwil-ly. Below; beneath; down. “Mamook kee-
kwilly,” lower away; let down. "Mitlite keekwil-
lee,” set down; put under.
Keel'-al-ly. A doctor; a medicineman.
Keep'-woot. A thorn; a needle or pin; sting of an insect.
“Shoe keepwoot,” shoemaker’s awl.
Kegh'che. Notwithstanding; although. “Keghche mika
wawa wake mamook,” although he said not to do it.
Keh'-w& (?). Because. “Kehwa yhka memaloose,” be-
cause she (or he, or it) is dead.
Ke'-lok. The crane.
Ken-ki-Jm. At the right; right-hand side.
Ket'-ling. A kettle, dish, can or pail.
Ket-wil-la. A pit; a cellar.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
55
Kil-it'-sut. Flint; glass.
Kim'-ta. Behind; since; last; after. “Mitlite kimta,” stay
behind. “Kimta nika nanich salt chuck,” since I saw
the ocean. “Okoke kimta,” that one behind the
others. “Nika elip, pe yahka kimta,” I in front and
he in the rear.
Ki'-nootl, or ki noos. Tobacco.
King George, or, as pronounced kin-chautsh. British.
Kish-kish. To drive; to herd, as a band of horses or
cattle.
Kissu. An apron.
Kit-sut-qua. Old name of Columbia City.
Ki'-yah (Ch.). Entrails; bowels.
KUh. Visible; in sight; free of. “Klatawa klah,” to es-
cape; to get away. “Chahco klah,” has many mean-
ings. Spoken of seed planted, it means “out of
ground, sprung up”; of the weather, “to clear up, or
clear”; of the forest, “to become more open.” "Mam-
ook klah,” uncover.
Kli'-ha-nee, or klahanee'. Out; outside; out-of-doors.
“Klatawa klahanee,” to go out or off. “Klatawa ne-
sika klahanee kopa town,” let us go away from the
city. “Mamook klahanee okoke,” put that outside.
Klah'-e-tlak. Grasshopper.
Kla-how'-ya. Salutation at meeting or parting; how are
you? Good-bye. “Klahowya six,” good-day, friend;
good-bye, friend.
KU-how'-yum. Poor; wretched; compassion. “Mamook
klahowyum,” to give alms; to take pity. “Hyas kla-
howyum nesika,” we are very poor.
Kl£k. Take off or take away; get out. “Klak kopa ooe-
hut,” get out of the road. “Mamook klak capo,” take
off the coat. “Klak kwolonn,” to clip off the ears.
Klak'-wun (Ch.). To wipe or lick. “Klakwun latahb,”
wipe off the table.
Klale. Black or dark-colored; ignorant; obscure.
Kl&p. To find; to catch. “Mika klap kuitan?” Did you
catch the horse?” “Klap tenas,” to be with young.
Kli-plte. Thread; twine.
Kla-poo'-chus. Beard.56
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Klas'-ka. They; them; their.
Klat'-a-wa (N.). To go; to walk. ’’Klatawa teahwit,”
go afoot. ’’Mamook klatawa,” to send. ’’Klatawa
klah,” to escape.
Kla-whop'. A hole. ’’Mamook klawhop,” dig a hole.
Kl&'-wa. Slow! slowly. "Wawa klawa,” speak slowly.
Klax'-ta? Who? Which one? ’’Klaxta iskum lahash?”
Who took the ax? ’’Klaxta mika?” Who are you?
Any; ’’Klaxta man,” anybody.
Klik'-a-mux. Blackberries; dewberries.
Klick'-wal-ly. Brass armlet; brass wire.
Klilt. Sour; bitter.
Klim-in'-a-wit. A lie; to lie. “Hyas kumtux kliminawit,”
he is a great liar.
Klim-min'. Soft; fine in substance. ’’Klimmin illahee,”
mud; marshy ground. ’’Mamook klimmin,” make
fine or soft, by ruubbing, etc.
Klip. Deep; sunken. ’’Klipsun,” sunset. ’’Klip klaw-
hop,” a deep hole or pit.
Klis'-kwis. A mat, made of rushes or grass.
Klo-klo. Oysters. Chetlo is another word for oyster.
Klo-nass'. Perhaps; who knows? I don’t know. ”Klo<
nass nika mamook,” maybe I will do it. ”Kah nesika
ooehut?” Where is our road? ’’Klonass,” I don’t
know.
Klone. Three; thrice.
Kloochman (N.). Woman; female. “Tenas kloochman,”
a girl. ’’Kloochman kuitan,” a mare.
Klook. Crooked. ’’Klook teahwit,” lame, crooked leg.
Kloshe (N.). Good; nice; well. ”Hyas kloshe,” very
good. ’’Kloshe nanich,” look out; take care.
Kloshe spose. Shall I? may I? ’’Kloshe spose nika sit-
chum?” What if I swim?
Kluh, or klugh-klugh. To tear; to rend. ‘‘Mamook kluh
illahee,” to plough (to tear the ground).
Kluk-ull' (Ch.). Broad; wide; flat.
K<5 (J.). To reach; to arrive. “Chee nika ko,” I have
just come. “Konse mika ko kopa Clatsop?” When
will you reach Clatsop?CHINOOK DICTIONARY
57
Ko'-ko. To knock; to tap. ’’Koko stick” (knock wood),
the woodpecker.
Kok'-shut (N.). To break; destroy; broken; killed; to
beat. "Kokshut Simon teahwit,” Simon’s leg is bro-
ken. "Mesahchee Siwash kokshut Whitman,” bad
Indians slew Whitman.
Kom'-ooks, or komox. A dog. "Kahkwa komooks,” like
a dog.
Kon'-away. All; every. ’’Konaway kah,” everywhere.
"Konaway tilakum,” everybody. "Mika tikeh kon-
away,” you want everything.
Ko'-pa. To; in; at; with; toward; concerning; about;
there; than. "Markook kopa Boston man,” trade
with the American. "Lolo kopa mika,” take with
you. "Kultus kopa nika,” it does not concern me.
"Elip hyas markook kopa konaway,” more precious
than all.
Ko-pet'. Stop enough; leave off. "Kopet wawa,” stop
talking. "Kopet ikt,” only one. "Kopet okoke,”
that is all. "Kopet tomollah,” day after tomorrow.
"Kopet kuntux” (no more know), forgotten.
Ko'-sho. Pig; swine.
Kow. To tie; to fasten. "Ikt kow,” a bundle.
Kul'-lah. A fence; an enclosure.
Kul'-la-kul'-la. A bird.
Kull. Hard; solid; difficult. "Mamook kull,” to make
hard. "Kull stick,” oak, or any hard wood. "Kull
to-toosh',” cheese.
Kul'-tus. Worthless; bad; purposeless. "Kultus pot-
latch,” a free gift. "Kultus nanich,” a peep without
charge. "Kultus mitlite,” doing nothing; sitting
idly. "Kultus heehee,” a jest.
Kon'see. How many? how much? ever; when. "Kon-
see tilakum?” How many people? "Konsee chahco
Jim?” When will Jim come? "Wake konsee,” never.
"Mamook konsee,” to count; to reckon.
Kon'-a-mox. Both; together; with. "Konamox mika,”
with you.
Koo'-sa. The sky; heaven.
Kush'is (Ch.). Stockings; socks.
Kwad'-dis (J.). Whale. Ecola also means whale.58
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Kwahta. Quarter of a dollar.
Kwahl (Ch.). Aunt.
Kwaht'l. Drop the sail.
Kwaist. Nine; ninth.
Kwa-lim' (O. C.). Young.
Kwal-lal'. To gallop.
Kwan. Glad; content; tame. Kwal is sometimes used for
tame, also.
Kwass. Fear; fearful; tame. '‘Mamook kwass,” to tame.
Kwates (Ch.). Sour.
Kweh-kweh. A mallard duck.
Kwek'-wi-es (Ch.). A pin.
Kwetl (Ch.). Proud.
Kwi-se-o. Porpoise.
Kwin'-num. Five; fifth.
Kwish. Expression of contempt or refusal.
Kweu-kwe-u. A ring; a circle.
Kwis-kwis. A squirrel (the red or pine squirrel).
Kwit-shad-ee (N.). The rabbit or hare.
Kwo-lon (Ch.). Ear; ears.
Kwon'-e-sum (?). Always; forever.
Kwult. To bruise or wound with a stone, shot or arrow;
to wound, without cutting.
Kwun-num'. To count; numbers. (Konsee is much more
used.)
Kwutl. To push; to squeeze; secure; fast. ‘‘Mamook
kwutl chick-chick,” push the wagon hard.
Ky'-wa. Crooked.
L
Ll-bleed' (F.). A bridle.
L&-boos (F.). The mouth. “Mox laboos,” the forks of a
stream.
LS-boo-tai' (F.). A bottle.
L&-cal-lat' (F.). Carrot.
L&-cas-ett' (F.). A trunk, box or chest.
La-clo'-ah (F.). The cross.
Ligh. To lean, stoop, bend; to tip, as a boat. ‘‘Wake
nika lagh canim,” I did not tip the canoe. "Yahka
lagh kahkwa oleman,” he stoops like an aged man.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
59
Ll-gleese. See gleese.
Ll-goom (F.). Pitch; rosin; glue. “La-goom stick,” pine,
spruce, or any resinous tree.
Ll-hash (F.). An ax or hatchet.
LI kam'-as. See Kamas.
Ll-lih'. To cheat; to trick. ’’Mamook lalah,” to make
sport.
Ll-lam' (F.). An oar. “Mamook lalam,” to row a boat.
Ll-l&ng' (F.). The tongue; speech; language.
La-lim' (F.). A file.
Ll-mass (F.). The ceremony of the mass.
Ll-mes'-tin, or le-mes'-sen. Remedy; medicine. (This
word is not used for magic or the “medicine man.”)
La-mai' (F.). An old woman. (From la me're, French.)
Ll-mon'-tay (F.). A mountain. “Klatawa kopa sahhalee
lamontay,” to ascend to the summit of the mountain.
Ll-pe-ag£ (F.). A trap; a snare.
Ll-peep' (F.). Pipe for smoking tobacco.
La-pesh (F.). A pole; specially a setting pole for a canoe.
Ll-pel'-lah (?). A roast of meat cooked before a fire.
Ll-pell' (F.). A shovel; a spade.
Ll-pe-osh' (F.). A hoe, or a mattock.
La-plash (F.). A board; a plank.
Ll-po-elf (F.). A frying pan. “Mamook lapoell,” to
fry.
La-pool (F.). A hen; poultry. “Siwash lapool,” the
grouse.
Ll-poo-shett' (F.). A fork; hayfork.
Ll-pote' (F.) A door.
La-see' (F.). A saw.
Ll-sell (F.). A saddle.
Ll-shan-del' (F.). A candle.
Ll-shal-loo' (F.). A plough.
Ll-shase' (F.). A chair.
Ll-shen' (F.). A chain.
Ll-shey'. Barley.
Ll-shem'-i-nay. The chimney.
Las-siett' (F.). A plate or dish.
Ll-s6y' (F.). Silk; satin.
LJ-tlhb' (F.). A table.60
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Ll-tate' (F.). The head. “Klale latate,” black-haired.
Ll-tllh' (F.). A noise; a disturbance.
Ll-wen (F.). Oats.
LI-west' (F.). A vest or waistcoat.
Law'-suk (O. C.). To dance; dance.
Lazy. Same as in English.
Le-blr'-do (F.). A shingle; shingles,
Le-bal' (F.). A ball ; bullet. “Tenas lebal,” small shot.
Le-bis kwee' ( F.). Biscuit; crackers, ship-bread.
Le-bllu' (blond) (F.). A sorrel horse; chestnut-colored.
Le-bley (F.). Wheat.
Le-clem (F.). Cream; cream-colored; a “cream”-colored
horse.
Le-cok' (F.). A cock; a fowl.
Le-coo' (F.). The neck.
Le-doo' (F.). A finger.
Le-gley' (F.). Gray; a gray horse.
Le-jaub. (See Deaub.)
Le-kleh' (F.). A key.
Le-kloo' (F.). A nail; nails.
Le-kye' (F.). A piebald horse; a spot; speckled; spotted.
"Lekye sammon,” trout, or spent salmon.
Le-lo'-bi (F.). Ribbon.
Le-loo' (F.). The big gray wolf.
Le-mlh' (F.). The hand; the arms. “Kloshe lemah,” the
right hand. “Potlatch lemah,” shake hands.
Le-mah'-to (F.). A hammer.
Le-mel' (F.). A mule.
Le-md'ld (F.). One that has escaped; wild; untamed.
Le-moo'-to (F.). Sheep; a flock of sheep.
Le-pan' (F.). Bread; a loaf of bread.
Le-pee'-a (F.). The foot; feet.
Le-pish'-e-mo. The saddle blanket and trappings of a
horse.
Le-plate' (F.). A priest.
Le-pwah (F.). Peas.
Le-sep (F.). Eggs; an egg.
Le-see'-blo (F.). Spurs.
Le-sac' (F.). A sack; a bag.
Le-see'-zd (F.). Scissors; shears.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
61
Le-sook' (F.). Sugar.
Le-tau' (F.). The teeth; a tooth.
Le-pome' (F.). The apple.
Le-sanjel' (F.). A saddle girth; a sash or belt.
Le-wet' (F.). A whip. "Mamook lewet,” ply the whip.
Lice. Rice.
Lik'-p'ho. A girl.
Lip'-lip. To boil. "Mamook liplip.”
Lok'-it. Four.
Lo'-lo. To carry; to load; to lead or take with one. "Lolo
kopa boat," to load a boat.
Lo-wul'-lo. Round; entire; the whole of anything. "Lo-
wullo lepome," a whole apple.
Lope. Rope. "Skin lope,” a lariat or rawhide rope.
"Tenas lope," a cord.
Luk-ut-chee. Clams. This word is applied only to the
hardshell or little-neck clam.
Lum. Rum; spirits of any kind.
M
Mac'-ke-son. The chin.
Mah'-lee (N.). To forget.
Mlr'kook (N.). To buy; to sell; trade; swap; exchange;
bargain. "Hyas markook," high-priced. "Tenas mar-
kook,” cheap. "Kah nika markook pish?” Where
can I buy some fish? "Tikeh nika markook tenas
moosmoos?” Do you want to sell me a calf?
Mlrkook house. A store; trading post.
M&rsh (F.). To leave; remove; throw away; turn out.
"Marsh puss-puss klahnee house,” put the cat out.
"Marsh okoke pish,” throw that fish away. "Marsh
nika shoes,” take off your shoes. "Marsh kow nika
kuitan,” untie my horse. "Marsh tenas,” to give
birth. "Marsh!” Get out!
M&ht-lin-nee. Offshore; toward the water; "Keep off!”
M&ht-wil'-lee. In-shore; toward the land; "Keep in-
shore.”
Ma-l&h'. Tinware; crockery; earthenware.
Mal'-leh (F.). To marry. "Mika tikeh malleh mika kah-
po,” he wants to marry your sister.62
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Mal-tee'-ny. Near at hand.
Mam'-mi. (Same as in English.)
Mim'ook. To make; to work; to do; to use. This is the
most “active” of verbs in the Jargon. Its use is shown
on every page of this vocabulary.
Man. Man. Also the male of any animal, as: “Man
enna,” a male beaver. "Tenas man moolock,” a little
buck elk. But stallion is “stone kuitan.”
Mel'-a-kwa (F.). A mosquito.
Me-lass'. Molasses.
Mem'-a-loose, or mim-a-loost (these are used equally
without preference). Dead; to die; death. “Mam-
ook memaloose,” to kill. “Memaloose Island,” the
island of the dead.
Me-sah'-chee. Wicked; bad; cruel; vicious. “Mesahchee
turn-turn,” an evil mind.
Me-sl'-ka (plural pronoun). You; your; yours. “Mesika
nanich,” you (plural) look. “Mesika illahee,” your
country.
Met'-en. Very bad.
Mika (singular pronoun). Thou; thine; thee. “Mika
tikeh,” you like. "Mika nem,” your name. “Tyee
potlatch mika iktah,” the chief gave (or gives) thee
this thing.
Mai'-mee. Down stream; with the tide.
Mis'-chx-mas (seldom used). A slave. (See Elite.)
Mit-tass'. Leggings. (This is a Cree word.)
Mit'-lite. To stay; reside; camp; remain; to sit; to set
down; to stay with. This word is also used to ex-
press “have” and “to be.” “Nesika mitlite kopa
Wahana ikhol,” we live down near Wahana River.
“Kah mitlite Moses?” “Nika mitlite siah,” I live
far away from here. “Mitlite, six,” sit down, friend.
"Mitlite hiqu sammon?” have you plenty salmon?
“Mitlite kopa mamma,” stay with mother.
MIt'-wit. To stand; to arise; erect. “Mitwit stick,” a
mast; a standing tree. “Mitwit kahkwa skookum,”
stand like a stout fellow.
Moxt. Two; twice.
Moo'-li (F.). Mill. “Stick moola,” sawmill.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
63
Moo'-lok. An elk.
Moon (O. C., Oot'-lum). The moon; month. "Klone
moon," three months. "Sick moon,” the old or wan-
ing moon.
Moos'-moos (K.). Cattle; buffalo.
Moo'-sum (Ch.). To sleep; sleep. "Tikeh moosum,” to
be sleepy. "Nika olo moosum,” I am hungry (and
thirsty) for sleep. "Mesika hiyu moosum,” they slept
very soundly.
Mow'-ich (N.). A deer; venison. Sometimes used in
speaking of a strange or unknown animal, as, "Hu-
loime mowich,” a strange beast.
Muck'-a-muck. Food; to eat; to drink. "Kloshe muck-
amuck,” a good meal. "Hiyu muckamuck,” plenty
to eat. "Muckamuck chuck,” to drink water.
Musket. A musket; a gun.
My-ee'-na. To sing; a song. (Old Chinook.)
N
Ni. An interrogatory interjection. "Sick na mika?” Are
you sick?
Ni-hi' (from the Chinook t'lkanaah). A mother. This
word is nearly obsolete.
Nah! Look here! Isay! "Nah, six!” Halloa, friend!
Nan'-ich (?). To look; see; search. "Nanich yahka,”
look yonder. "Nanich okoke komooks,” look at that
dog. "Kloshe nanich,” take care.
Nau'-its (Ch.). The sea beach; off-shore.
Ne-whah'! Here, come here! Bring it here! "Newhah
mamook okoke!” Here! Come do this!
Ni-wit'-ki. Yes; indeed; certainly. "Nawitka nika nan-
ich yahka,” certainly I saw her.
Nem. Name. "Yahka nem Solomon,” his name is Solo-
mon.
Ni^'-ga. Negro.
Ni-ka. I; me; mine; my.
Ne-nam'-ooks. The land otter.
Nose. The nose; cape or headland; bow of a boat.
Now'-ich. Island. (O. C.)64
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
o
Og-hu-way (O. C.). Much.
Ok-chock. Shoulders.
Oke (O. C.). To cry.
O'-koke. This; that; it. ’’Iktah okoke?” What is that?
(or this?). ’’Okoke sun,” today. ’’Okoke klaxta,”
he who; the one who. ’’Tikeh okoke?” Do you
want this ? (or that ?).
O-kus-tee. A daughter. “Nanich, nika okustee,” look,
my daughter.
O'-la-pits'-kee. Fire.
O'-le-man. Old; an old man; worn out. “Hiyu oleman
okoke calipeen,” this is a very old rifle.
Ol'-hi-yu. The common seal.
O'-lil-lee. Berries. "Seahpo olillee,” raspberries. “Shot
olillee,” huckleberries.
O'lo. Hungry. “Olo moosum,” sleepy; hungry for sleep.
“Olo chuck,” thirsty.
O'-luk. A snake; a reptile.
O'-na. Clam; clams. This word specially applied to
“razor” clams.
Oo'e-hut, or weh'-hut. A road, path or trail. “Chick-
chick ooehut,” a wagon road.
Ool'-chus. Herring; herrings.
Oos'-kan. Bowl; cup.
Oot'-lum (O. C.). The moon; a month. “Ikt ootlum,”
a month, etc.
Ope'-kwan. Basket; tin kettle; can.
O-pit'-keh. A bow for arrow shooting.
O-pit'-s&h. A knife. The table fork is sometimes called
"opitsah six,” the “friend of the knife.” Opitsah six
is sometimes used to denote a lover—a fork (and
spoon) to every knife.
O-pooch. Tail; posterior; stern of a vessel or boat.
“Humm opooch” is a usual name for the skunk.
O-quah'-tum (?). Sister.
O-quk'-a-kull. A wife; woman; sweetheart.
O-quan'-ax. The neck.
Ots-ats-ach. Teeth.
O'-tlah. The sun.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
65
Ow. Brother, younger than the person speaking.
Ow-woo'-chee. Swan.
P
Paht'l. Full. ’’Mamook pahtl,” fill, make full. ’’Pahtl
chuck,” dripping wet. ’’Pahtl lum,” drunk. "Pahtl
illahee,” very dirty.
Paint, or pent. Paint.
Pa-mas' (O. C.). Cold.
Papa. (Same as in English.)
Pa-see'-see. Blanket; woolen cloth.
Pa-see'-ooks (French or Canadian French). This word
signifies "blanket-men,” and was applied to the early
trappers.
Pat'suk. Between.
P'che (?). Thin, flat, like a board. (Little used now.)
Pe-chuk'. Green in color.
Pee (F.). And, then, beside. "Kamooks pee puss-puss,”
dog and cat. "Pee kahta nika klatawa?” Then why
did I go?
Pa'-pah. Paper; a letter or any writing. "Mamook papah,”
to write; to write a letter.
Pel'-ton. Crazy; demented; foolish. (This word was
taken by the Indians to signify crazy, hearing it
applied to a demented man named Pelton among the
Astorians of 1811.)
Pe-shak' (N.). Bad.
Pe-what'-ty. Flimsy; thin; slight. Thin like paper. "Hiyu
pewhatty okoke paseesee,” this blanket is mighty
thin.
Pi'-ah. Fire; cooked; ripe. "Piah sapolil,” baked bread.
"Piah ollilee,” ripe berries. "Piah chick-chick,” rail-
road train. "Mamook piah,” make the fire. "Piah
sick,” venereal disease. "Sahhalee piah,” lightning.
Pil. Red, reddish. "Pil chickamin,” gold money; also
the metals gold, brass, copper. "Pil illahee,” red
earth, ochre. "Pil kuitan,” a bay horse. Pil'-kwa-tim,
(red shoulders), the blackbird.
Pil-pil. Blood; bloody. "Marsh pilpil,” to bleed.66
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Pish. A fish; to fish. "Doctin' klatawa pish tzum sam-
mon/’ doctor is going trout fishing. "Yahka wake
iskum hiyu pish/’ he will not catch many fish.
Pish-pish. (See puss-puss.)
Pit-lill (?). Thick; viscid. "Melass cole, hiyu pitlill,”
cold molasses is very thick.
Pu-pu'. Stench; to stink.
Poh. A puff of breath. To blow out, as a candle. "Mam-
ook poh,” to fire a salute. "Mox poh,” a double-
barreled gun.
Po-lak'-ly. Dark; night. "Tenas polakly,” evening. "Hy-
as polakly,” very dark. "Sitkum polakly,” midnight
("half the night”).
Po'-lal-ly. Dust; sand; gunpowder. "Polally illahee,”
sandy ground.
Pod-lee (F.). Rotten. "Poolee lapome,” a rotten apple.
Pos. Suppose. Used sometimes instead of spose. (See
spose.)
Pot'-latch. (N.). To give; a gift. "Potlatch nika lesac,”
give me the bag. "Kultus potlatch,” a gift without
prospect of recompense. (A "bad gift” in an In-
dian’s view.)
Pow'-ich. The native thornapple or crabapple.
Pow'-il. To swell.
Pows. Halibut.
Puk-puk (J.). A blow with the fist; to strike. Mamook
pukpuk,” to box; to fight.
Puss-puss. A cat. In the North called pish-pish. "Hyas
puss-puss,” the panther.
s
Sah'-ha-lee. Above; up; high; heaven; the top. "Mam-
ook sahhalee,” lift up; haul away. "Sahhalee la-
montai,” a high mountain. "Sahhalee Tyee,” the
Great Spirit (literally "the Chief above”).
Sail, sell or sill. A sail; cotton or linen cloth.
Sa-kul-lex. Trousers, leggins. "Keekwilly sakullex,”
drawers.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
67
Sal-lal'. Salal. An evergreen shrub growing abundantly
in western Oregon and Washington, bearing a large
purple berry in clusters. This fruit was dried by the
Indians for winter use.
Sammon. Usually written thus in the Jargon. Same as
salmon. "Tyee sammon,” (specifically) the King
salmon of northern sounds and straits. "Kultus
sammon,” the kelts or spent salmon of the rivers
in autumn and winter. "Tzum sammon,” steelhead
and other trouts.
Salt. Salt. ’'Salt chuck,” or ”klil chuck,” the sea.
San'-de-lee (F.). Ash-colored; a "roan” horse.
Sap'-o-lil. Flour or meal; wheat. "Piah sapolil,” baked
bread. "Lowullo sapolil,” whole wheat.
Se-ah'-po (N.). A cap or hat. "Seahpo olillee,” rasp-
berries, salmon berries.
Se-ah'-wust. The face; the eyes; an eye. "Ikt seahwust,”
one-eyed. "Halo seahwust,” blind. "Lockit seah-
wust,” or "dolla seahwust,” spectacles.
Se-at'-co. (Ch.) A goblin or nocturnal demon, greatly
feared by the Coast Indians.
Seed. Seed.
Se-loke'-mil. A window.
She-lock'-um. A mirror, glass.
She'-li-po. Frozen; ice; icy.
Shem. Shame. "Halo shem mika?” Are you not ashamed?
Ship. A vessel. ”Piah ship,” a steamboat or steamship.
Shilth'-lo (O. C.). Lightning.
Shoes. Shoes. "Stick shoes,” boots or shoes made of
leather. "Skin shoes,” moccasins.
Shon'-tay (F.). To sing.
Shoo (O. C.). Old.
Shot. Shot; lead. "Shot olillee,” huckleberries.
Shug. A rattle. "Shug opoots,” a rattlesnake.
Shut. Shirt.
Shwah'-kuk (Ch.). A frog.
Shwal'-peh (O.C.). A tree.
Si'-Sh' (N.). Far; far off. Drawling out the syllable
"ah” serves to express great distance. The same pur-
pose is served also by repeating, siah-siah'.68
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Si-am'. The grizzly bear.
Sick. Sick; sickness. "Cole sick,” ague. "Waum sick,”
fever.
Sin'-a-mox. Seven.
Sing. Sing.
Si'-pah (W.). Straight; erect.
Sis-ki-you. A bob-tailed horse. (This word is Cree.)
Sit'-kum. A half; a part. “Sitkum sun,” noon. Sitkum
dolla,” half a dollar. “Tenas sitkum,” a quarter or
smaller portion.
Sit-lay (F.). Stirrup; stirrups.
Sit'-shum (C.). To swim.
Six. A friend. (Not addressed to women.)
Si'-wash. (Sauvage.) Indian; an Indian.
Skad. A mole.
Skin. Skin; hide. “Skin shoes,” moccasins. “Stick skin,”
the bark of a tree.
Sket-sot'-wa. The Columbia river. This name was indica-
tive of the “lower” river.
Skoo'-kum. Strong; brave; great. (Originally a Che-
halis word meaning a demon, a powerful spirit.)
“Skookum tumtum,” a brave spirit. "Skookum
chuck,” a rapid. “Skookum house,” a jail.
Skub'-e-oo (O. C.). Skunk.
Skwak-wal. The lamprey eel.
Skwiss-kwis. The chipmunk or striped squirrel.
Sla-hal'. A game, played with ten small discs in the
hands of each player.
Sma-nas (O. C.). Hill or mountain.
Smeet-dk (Ch.). The quahaug or large mud clam.
Smok-smok (O. C.). Grouse.
Smoke. Smoke; clouds; fog; steam.
Snass (?). Rain. “Cole snass,” snow.
Snow. Snow
Soap. Soap.
So'-le-mee. The cranberry.
Sol'-lex (?). Angry; anger. “Mamook sollex,” to make
angry; to quarrel.
So'-pe-na. To leap; to jump. “Neal sopena chahco
boat,” Neal jumped into his boat.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
69
Spo'-lh. Faded. Any pale color, as grey, buff, etc.
Spoon. Spoon.
Spose. Suppose; if; provided that. ’’Spose mika nanich
nika lahash,” if you see my ax. "Spose nesika klat-
awa kopa Astoria,” when we go (if we go) to
Astoria. "Kahkwa spose,” as if. "Kloshe spose,”
shall I, or may I. "Kloshe spose nika ayahwhul mika
issick?” May I borrow your paddle?
Stick. A stick; a tree; wood; wooden. "Mitwit stick,”
a standing tree. "Kull stick,” hardwood; oak. "Ikt
stick,” a yard stick. "Ship stick,” a mast.
Stloo (O. C.). the wind.
Stock' en. Socks or stockings. (Kushis is the Indian
word.)
Stoh. Loose. "Mamook stoh,” to untie, let loose, to
absolve. "Mamook stoh komooks,” let loose the
dogs.
Stone. A rock or stone. Also signifies horn, bone. "Stone
kuitan,” a stallion.
Stoo'-lis (O. C.). Rain.
Stote'-kin. Eight; an eighth.
Stut'-chun. Sturgeon.
Suk-wal'-wal. A gun. (Obsolete.)
Sun. Sun; a day. "Tenas sun,” morning. "Sitkum sun,”
noon. "Klip sun,” sunset.
Sunday. Sunday. "Ikt Sunday,” a week. "Hyas Sun-
day,” Christmas or other great holiday. "Sunday
sail,” a flag. Days of the week are reckoned from
Sunday, as "ikt kopet Sunday” (one after Sunday),
Monday, etc.
Su-puk' (O. C.). Strong; powerful.
T
Tah. A spirit or supernatural thing or person. (See
tamahnawus.)
T&h'-kum. Six.
T^hl'-kee. Yesterday. "Ikt tahlkee,” day before yester-
day.
Tah'-nim (Ch.). To measure.IQ	CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Tiht'-lum. Ten. ’’Tahtlum pe ikt,” eleven. "Tahtlum
pe mox,” twelve, etc. "Mox tahtlum,” 20. "Klone
tahtlum,” 30. "Stolekin tahtlum,” 80, etc.
Tal'is. Darling; beloved.
Ta-mah'-na-wus. Magic; luck; anything supernatural.
"Mesahchee tamahnawus,” witchcraft, bewitched.
"Mamook tamahnawus,” to conjure, to "make med-
icine." Ghosts and spirits are also "tamahnawus.”
On reaching manhood, before admission to his tribe
as an acknowledged "man” and warrior, every In-
dian youth went far away into the forest or moun-
tains and fasted many days, bathed often in the
stream, and prayed to the Sahlee Tyee for a revela-
tion of his guardian spirit. This spirit was sup-
posed to have his protege in his special care. After
long fasting, in some moment of delirium, the youth
saw a real eagle, raven, bear, fox or other living
creature, or in a dream some such vision impressed
itself powerfully upon his imagination. This guar-
dian or genius was called kawok. This bird or ani-
mal then became his personal deity or genius, and
to it he looked for aid in all his enterprises. The
vision was never disclosed, and though it was cus-
tomary to erect a totem upon which the emblem was
carved, the real genius was known only to the pro-
tege, because its figure was among many others carved
upon the totem tree. This was the Tamahnawus in
its first and principal sense. The word is based upon
the syllable tab, which was widely spread through
the vocabulary, signifying supernatural, spiritual,
etc. "Tah-wat-tee” signified an exorciser or conjurer
of spirits, a doctor.
Ta-mo'-lich. Cask; tub; bucket. "Ikt tamolich,” bushel.
Ta-ni'-no. Crevasse; canyon; the vulva.
Tanse. Dance.
Tah-oo (O. C.). Far; far away.
Tea. Tea.
Te-a'-lis (O. C.). Yesterday.
Te-ah'-wit. The leg; the foot. "Klatawa teahwit,” to go
afoot. "Klook teahwit,” lame.CHINOOK DICTIONARY
71
Teh-teh. To trot, as a horse.
Td'-wah. The nails.
Ten'-as (N.). Small; few; a child; a little; young one.
"Klone tenas nika,” I have three children. "Tenas
sun,” early. "Tenas man,” a boy. "Hiyu tenas,” very
little indeed.
Te-peh. Quills; wings of a bird.
Tel-ux-ach (S.). The fingers. (See ledoo.)
Tel'-e-min (?). Ribs. (Also eetinwill.)
Tik'-eh. To wish; to like, to love. "Hyas tikeh,” to long
for. "Iktah mika tikeh?” What do you want?
Tik-tik. A watch.
Til'-a-kum. People; a man or person. "Huloimee tila-
kum,” strangers, or stranger. "Mika tilakum,” your
folks. "Kultus tilakum,” common people; folks of
no importance^
Till or tull. Tired; heavy; a weight. "Hyas till yahka,”
he is very tired. "Konsee till okoke kuitan?” How
much will that horse weigh? "Mamook till,” to
weigh.
Tin-tin. A bell; a musical instrument. "Mamook tintin,”
ring the bell. Hours were formerly sounded by bells
at trading posts, so "klone tintin kopet sitkum sun,”
(three bells since noon hour) meant three o’clock.
"Tahtlum tintin elip sitkum sun,” ten in the fore-
noon, etc.
T'kope. White; light-colored.
Tlak (O. C.). Good; to love.
Tish-ko-ko (O. C.). Fox.
Tle-pait. Nerve; nerves.
Tle'-yuk. A spark of fire.
Tla-umsh. Drink; to drink. (O. C.)
Tlkope. To cut; to split; to hew. "Nika tlkope lemah,”
I cut my hand.
T’lkul. Quiet; silent.
Toh. To spit. (Mamook toh.)
Toke'-tee. Pretty; nice; good. "Hyas toketee kulla
kulla,” a very pretty bird. "Toketee tenas,” a good
child.72
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
To'-lo. To earn. To win at a game; to gain. ' Konsee
dolla nika tolo spose lolo okoke sac?” How many
dollars shall I earn if I carry that sack ?
To'-lux (N.). Mussels (used only on the Sound and
Northward).
To-mol'-la. Tomorrow. "Ikt tomolla (or) kopet tomolla,”
day after tomorrow.
Tope'-chin. A patch; to patch.
To-to. To shake; to sift; to winnow.
To-toosh. The breasts of a woman; the udder of an
animal. "Totoosh gleese,” butter. (Chippewa word.)
Tol'-apus. The coyote. Tolapus was a great hero and
demigod in Indian myth. (See tah.)
Twah (J.). Shining; bright; light.
T'sak; mamook t'sak. To stanch a wound.
Tsa'-lil. lake.
Tsee. Sweet. "Tsee kahkwa lesook,” sweet as sugar.
Tsee'-pee. To miss the mark; to blunder. "Tseepee oo
ehut,” to take the wrong trail. (Calapooya word.)
Tshi'keh (?). Soon; directly.
Tshish. Cold. "Hiyu tshish okoke sun,” it is very cold
today.
Tsi-a'-list. A branch.
Tsish (J.). Sharp. "Mamook tsish,” to sharpen.
Tsole'-put (K.). A shot-pouch.
Tso'-lo. To wander in the dark; to lose one’s trail. (Cal-
apooya.)
Tsugh. A crack or fissure. "Chahco tsugh,” to become
cracked or split by heat.
Tuk-a-mo'-nuk. A hundred. "Mox, klone (etc.), tuk-
amonuk,” two hundred, three hundred, etc. "Taht-
lum, tukamonuk,” a thousand.
Tuk-wil'-la. The hazelnut. Nuts in general. (Calapooya.)
Tum'-tum (J.). The heart; the will; the conscience; soul.
"Mamook tumtum,” to "make up” the mind. "Mox
tumtum Joe,” Joe is undecided. "Nika tumtum
nesika klatawa wake lalee,” by my determination
we shall go before long. "Sick tumtum,” regret, re-
morse, disappointment. "Iktah mika tumtum?” What
do you think?CHINOOK DICTIONARY
75
Tum'-wa-ter (J.). A waterfall or cateract.
Tup'-shin (Ch.). A needle. "Mamook tupshin," to sew,
to mend.
Tip-so. A leaf; leaves; grass; fringe; feathers; fur.
"Tipso illahee," grassy land, prairie. "Dly tipso,”
hay, straw.
T'wah (J.). Shining; bright; light of a lamp or fire.
Ty-ee'. Chief. Superior. "Sahhalee Tyee," the Deity.
"Tyee sammon," the king salmon—largest and best
salmon of the northern seas.
Tzum. Mixed colors; spotted or striped. A mark or fig-
ure. Written or printed. "Tzum sail," calico. "Mam-
ook tzum," to write.
u
U-al'-tee. Joy; gladness.
Ubsh (O. C.). Wood.
Ul'-ken (sometimes written oo'-la-chan). The smelt of
the Columbia river. (This word is Clatsop.)
Ul-a-lach (K.). Wild onion; onion.
Ul-chey. The moose.
w
Wa'-wa (N.). Talk, to talk, speak, call, ask, tell, answer.
"Kultus wawa," idle talk. "Hywas wawa,” to shout,
a shout.
Wagh. To spill; to pour; to vomit. "Mamook wagh
chuck," pour some water.
Wake (N.). (Written also wik, wek). No; not. "Wake
klaxta," nobody. "Wake konsee,” never. "Wake alta,"
not now.
Wap'-pa-to. A water plant (saggitaria saggijolia) of the
lower country, having an excellent edible tuberous
root, formerly much prized by natives and whites.
On account of its resemblance to the potato the
latter is called wappato. Probably a Multnoma word.
Wash. Wash. "Mamook wash," to wash.
We-co'-ma. The sea. This word is worth perpetuating.74
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Weght. Again; more; also. "Pe nika weght,” and I
also. "Potlatch weght,” give me more. "Tenas
weght,”a little more.
Waum. Warm. "Waum illahee,” summertime.
Whim (N.). Fallen; to fell. "Whim stick,” a fallen tree.
"Mamook whim okoke stick,” fell this tree.
Whul-lah' (O. C.). Warm.
Win'-a-pee (N.). By-and-by; presently. (Alki is more
commonly in use.)
Wind. Wind; breath. "Halo wind,” out of breath; dead.
The winds are named for the regions from which
they come, as: south wind, at the mouth of the Co-
lumbia ; Tillamook wind; west wind, Chinook wind;
easterly wind, Walla Walla wind.
Wit'-ka. Now, at present time.
Woot'-lat (O. C.). A phallus. Often represented in
carved pestles. Natural pillars and towers of basalt
were sometimes called "Wootlat,” and venerated.
Rooster Rock was a notable wootlat.
Y
Yah'-hul. A name.
Yih'-ka. He, his, him; she, her, hers; it, its. That one;
those.
Yah'-kis-ilth. Sharp; cutting.
Y&h'-wa. There; thither; thence; beyond.
Yah'-kwa (J.). Here; hither; this way. "Chahco yah-
kwa kopa nika boat,” come here with your skiff.
Y&k'-a-la (O. C.). An eagle.
Yak'-sd. The hair of the head; hair generally.
Ya-kwah-tin. The belly; the bowels.
Yi'-em (Ch.). To relate or tell. To confess to a priest.
A tale or story.
Yootl'-kut. Long in dimension; length.
Yoots (O. C.). To sit.
Yoot'-skut. Short.
Yoult (Ch.). Proud; high-spirited.75
CONVERSATIONAL PHRASES
English.
Good morning.
Good evening.
Good day.
How do you do?
Come here.
How are you ?
Are you sick?
Are you hungry?
How did you come?
Are you thirsty ?
What ails you ?
Would you like somthing
to eat ?
Do you want work ?
To do what?
What do you want me to
do?
Cut some wood.
Certainly.
How much do you want for
cutting that lot of wood?
One dollar.
That is too much. I will
give half a dollar.
No! Give three quarters.
Very well; get to work.
Where is the ax?
There it is.
Cut it small for the stove.
Give me a saw.
I have no saw; use the ax.
Chinook.
Klahowya, six?
or
Klahowyam.
Chahco yahwa.
Kahta mika?
Mika sick?
*Nah olo mika?
Kahta mika chahco?
*Nah, olo chuck mika?
Kahtah mika?
Mika tikeh muckamuck?
Mika tikeh mamook?
Iktah mika mamook?
Mamook stick.
Nawitka.
Kansee dolla spose mika
mamook konoway okoke
stick?
Ikt dolla.
Hy'as markook, nika pot-
latch sitkum dolla.
Wake, six! Potlatch klone
quahtah.
Kloshe kahkwa; mamook
&lta.
Kah lahash?
Yah-wa.
Mamook tenas, spose chick-
amin pah.
Potlatch las£e.
Halo lasee; is'kum, lahash.76
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
All right.
Bring it inside.
Where shall I put it?
There.
Here is something to eat.
Here is some bread.
Now bring some water.
Where shall I get it?
In the river there.
Make a fire.
Boil the water.
Cook the meat.
Wash the dishes.
What shall I wash them
in?
In that pan.
Come again tomorrow.
Good-bye.
Come here, friend.
What do you want?
I want you to do a little
job in the morning.
Come very early.
At six o’clock.
Oh, here you are!
What do you want me to
do?
Carry this box to the steam-
er.
Take this bag, also.
What will you pay?
A quarter.
Very well; and something
to eat?
It is pretty heavy.
Is that man your brother?
Nawitka.
L61o stick k6pa house.
Kah nika marsh 6koke?
Yahwa.
Yahkwa mitlite mikamuck-
amuck.
Yahkwa mitlite piah sapo-
lil.
Klatawa is'kum chuck.
Kah nika iskum ?
Kopa ikhol yahwa.
Mamook piah.
Mamook liplip chuck.
Mamook piah 6hoke itl-
willee.
Wash 6hoke leplah.
Kopa kah?
Kopa 6hoke ketling.
Chahco weght tomolla.
Klahowya.
Chahco yahkwa, six.
Iktah mika tikeh?
Spose mika mamook tenas
mamook tenas sun ?
Chahco elip sun.
Chahca yahkwa tahkum
tintin.
Alah! Mika chahco.
Iktah mika mamook?
L61o 6koke lacasett k6pa
piah ship.
Lolo weght lesac.
Iktah mika pdtlatch?
Ikt kwahtah.
Kloshe kahkwa; pee tenas
muckamuck ?
Hy'as till dkoke.
Yahka nah mika kahpo,
okoke man ?CHINOOK DICTIONARY
77
He can help yon, too.
I will give him something,
too.
Can you carry it?
Is it very heavy?
Oh, no! We shall do it.
Are you tired?
How far is it, this ship?
Not much farther.
That is all.
Do you understand Eng-
lish?
No, not very much.
Will you sell that fish?
Which of them?
That large one.
What is the price of it?
I’ll give you two-bits.
I’ll give you half a dollar.
No, that is not enough.
Where did you catch that
trout ?
In Skamokaway river.
Are there many fish there?
Not many; too much log-
ging.
Well, I won’t buy it today.
What do you think of this
country ?
It is very pleasant when it
does not rain.
Not always; it is worse
when it snows and
freezes.
How long have you lived
here ? (how many years)
Yahka 161o lecass&t kopa
mika.
Nika potlatch weght yahka.
Nah, skookum mika 161o
okoke.
Hyas till okoke?
Wake! Nesika mamook.
Mika chahco till ?
Koonsee siah, okoke ship.
Wake siah alta.
Kopet.
Kumtux mika Boston wa-
wa?
Wake hiyu.
Mika tikeh mahkook okoke
pish?
Klaxta?
Okoke hyas.
Konsee chickamin tikeh?
Nika potlatch mox bit.
Nika potlatch sitkum dolla.
Wake okoke hiyu.
Kah mika klap okoke opa-
lo?
Kopa Skamokaway ikhdl.
Nah hiyu lepish yahwa?
Wake; klaska mamook hi-
yu stick alta.
Abba, wake tikeh iskum
okoke sun.
Iktah mika tumtum okoke
illahee.
Hyas kloshe yahkwa spose
wake snass.
Wake kwdnesum. Chahco
weght peshak spose cole
snass pee selipo.
Kdnsee cole mitlite yahkwa
mika?78
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
Many years; I forget how
many.
I was born at Skipanon.
Did you get your wife
here?
No; she is a Tillamook
woman. I married her at
Nehalem.
How many children have
you?
We have three boys and
one little girl.
I will send you some
things for them when I
get home.
Hiyu cole; kopet kumtux
konsee.
Chee tenas nika kopa Skip-
anon.
Nah, mika fskum nika
klodchman yahkwa?
Wake; Tillamook klooch-
man yahka. Nika malleh
yahka kdpa Nehalem.
Konsee tenas mika?
Klone tenas man nesika
pee ikt tenas likp'ho.
Nika mamook chahco iktas
kimta nika ko nika illa-
hee.
The brief examples given above, together with the phrases fol-
lowing words in the Chinook-English vocabulary, illustrate the
use or the Jargon as completely as possible in so limited space
and with such a condensed idiom. The absence of the minor
parts of speech and inflected forms makes the combination of
words in sentences either circuitous or bluntly direct. The follow-
ing version of the Lord’s Prayer shows the lack of adaptation of
the Jargon to any but the simplest use, yet it also has a pathos
in its rudeness and poverty. How incomplete, even in our English,
is the idea we get from the words "Thy kingdom come!"
This version of the Lord’s Prayer is nearly the same as that
prepared by some priest for McCormick’s dictionary.
A "grace" to be said at table, and a hymn, are taken from Lee
and Frost’s "Ten Years in Oregon.” These two are printed in the
book referred to, and show how the Jargon has changed since
1840.
The spelling of the time of these missionaries has been greatly
changed. Some words used by them are nearly the same as in
the present dictionary, but while ensika is readily understood for
nesika, and ankute for ahncutty, ishtumab, mincbelute, quot-
lancbkelah, kadow and several other words were apparently picked
up among Klickitas and Wasco Indians, the work of these two
missionaries being mostly among the tribes at and near The
Dalles.
A COMMON SIGN LANGUAGE
Intercourse by signs was universal among the aborigines, the
code of signals being much the same from the Atlantic to the
Pacific.
Major Lee Moorehouse tells of being at Washington, D. C.,
with a party of Indians from Oregon and Washington, attending
a great council of representative Indians from all parts of theCHINOOK DICTIONARY
79
country. Languages were different and the gathering clans were
cold and morose until somebody made an attempt at an addiess
in the sign language, which put everybody at ease, for all under-
stood.
Certain chants and songs were widely known, also. The Omahas
knew at once the "stick-bone” gambling song of the Indians of
Vancouver Island, upon hearing it sung by a student of Indian
music. It was the same as their own.
A “GRACE” AT TABLE
From Lee & Frost’s "Ten Years in Oregon"
O Sohole Ishtumah, etokete mikah; toweah etokete
O	God.	good art Thou; this good
ithullam mikah minchelute copa ensikah. Kadow
food Thou hast given to us. In like manner
quonesum minchtcameet ensikah, Umisheetah conawa
always look kindly upon us	and give	all
etoketa copa mikah, emehan Jesus Christ. Amen,
good things to us for the sake of
A HYMN IN JARGON
From Lee & Frost
Aka eglahlam ensikah
Mika Ishtamah emeholew
Kupet mikam toketa mimah
Mika quonesim kadow
Mikah ekatlah gumohah
Mika dowah gumeoh
Konawa etoketa tenmah
Mika ankute gumtoh.
Mikah minchelute ensikah
Ankute yukumalah
Konawa edinch aguitquah
Quonesim ponanakow
Mikah guminchelute emehan
Yokah wawot gacheoweet
Ukah ensikah quotlanchkehah
Mikam toketa canneoeeb.
(The hymn and the "grace” are a Jargon of Chinook, Wasco,
Klickitat and other up-river tribes.)80
CHINOOK DICTIONARY
TRANSLATION
Here we now unite in singing
Glory, Lord, unto thy Name,
Only good, and worthy praising,
Thou art always, Lord, the same.
Of the sun Thou art Creator,
And the light was made by Thee;
All things, good, yea every creature,
At the first Thou madest to be.
We, oh Lord, are all Thy children;
In the past we wicked were;
We were all most deeply wretched.
Always blind and in despair.
Thou didst give Thy Son, our Saviour,
He to us instruction gave
Knowing this we now are happy;
Thou art good and Thou wilt save.
THE LORD’S PRAYER
Nesika Papa klaxta mitlite kopa	Sahalee, kloshe	kdpa
Our	Father who dwellest in the	above.	sacred	in
nesika	tumtum mika nem.	Nesika	hiyu	tikeh
our	hearts (be) Thy name.	We	greatly long for
chahco mika illahee; Mamook mika kloshe tumtum
the coming of Thy kingdom. Do	Thy good will
kopa okoke illahee kahkwa k6pa Shalee. Potlatch
with this world, as also in the heavens. Give (us)
k6naway sun nesi'ka	muckamuck; pee Mahlee
day by day	our	bread, and remember not
konaway nesika mesahchee, kahkwa nesika mamook
all	our wickedness, even as we do also
kopa klaska spose mamook, mesahchee kopa nesika.
with others if they do	evil unto ourselves.
Wake	lolo	nesika	kdpa	peshak,	pee	marsh siah
Not	bring us into	danger,	but	put far away
kopa nesika kdnoway mesahchee.
from us all	evil.
Kloshe kahkwa.
So may it be.