iH..? Yale University Library ¦^^ir.:: ¦¦; / YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 1942 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER Prepared under the direction of a Committee of Prominent Citizens appointed by HIS HONOR MAYOR JOHN T. COUGHLIN BY HENRY M. FENNER, A. B. Assisted by Benjamin Buffinton PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED IN ONE VOLUME PUBLISHED BY F. T. SMILEY PUBLISHING COMPANY 149th Street and Bergen Avenue NEW YORK 1906 YALE Copyright 1906 by F. T. Smiley Publishing Company New York CVuZ4 Copy Z Press of Steurer Publishing Company 149TH St. and Bergen Ave. New York City PREFACE The history of Pall River 'presented to the public in this volume is designed to flll a niche that has long been vacant, inasmuch as no record of the city's growth has been published in nearly thirty years. The aim has been to present a concise and accurate statement of ithe city's history that will be of value as a work for reference, as much as for general reading. iSojne matter already familiar to many readers has been incorporated, because of its importance, though in a condensed form, but a considerable proportion is , new. The work has been prepared under the direction of a committee of representative citizens appointed by Mayor John T. Coughlin, consisting of Former Mayor and Congressman Robert T. Davis, as Chairman; Leomtine Lincoln, City Engineer Philip D. Borden, Judge John J. McDonough and Benjamin Buffinton. City Solicitor Hugo A. Dubuque, who was also appointed to the committee, was unable to serve. The editor desires to acknowledge his great indebtedness to city officials, especially the City Clerk, Arthur B. Brayton, the offlcers of banking and manufacturing in stitutions, and various associatioms, and to scores of private individuals for their un failing courtesy in the furnishing of material, and, in some instances, complete articles, as well as in the examination of manuscript. To the members of the committee appointed to pass upon the work, he also wishes to extend his thanks for their interest and encouragement, and to Michael Reagan, Secretary to the Mayor. Mr. Philip D. Borden hais also been of great assistance, and was untiring in his efforts for the success of the work. HENRY M. FENNER, Editor. Fall River, June 1, 1906. (tit^ of Jfall IRiver. (^^ Copy Pebruary 19, 1906. That the History of Pall River now being compiled by the Smiley. Publishing Company, of New York, and no\7 in the hands of the committee consisting of Hon. Robert T. Davis, Hon. John W. Cummings, City Solicitor Hugo A. Dubuque, City Engineer Philip D. Borden, leontine Iiincoln, Esq., and Benjamin Buffinton, and ap pointed hy His Honor, the Mayor, be Indorsed by the Board of Alder men. If the work is satisfactory to said coirciaittee, the City of Pall River shall purchase four hundred copies of the book, the cost of the same not to exceed the sum of one thousand dollars. In Board of Aldermen, Pebruary 19, 1906. Adopted. (Signed) Arthur B. Brayton, City Clerk. Approved, Pebruary 20, 1906. (Signed) John T. CoQghlln, Mayor. A true copy. Attest: To His Honor, the Mayor, Pebruary 21, 1906. Fall River, June 6. 1906. The undersigned members of the committee appointed by Mayor John T. Coughlin to pass upon the manuscript of the history of Fall River hereby signify their approval of the work as submitted to them. fLEONTINB LINCOLN, I PHII^IP D. BORDEN, Signed ^ JOHN J. McDONOUGH, I R. T. DAVIS, L BEN.JAMIN BUFFINTON. CONTENTS PAGE CHAPTER I. THE EARLIEST DAYS. The Native Inhabitants and Their Lives — ^King Philip and Weetamoe — The Pocasset and Freemen's Pur chases 1 CHAPTER II. THE FIRST SETTLERS. The Coming of the Whites and the Building of Their Homes — ^First In dustries — Life of tihe Colonial Period Here 8 CHAPTER III. IN THE REVOLUTION. Patriots and Tories— JThe Battle of Fall River — ^Resolutions on Boston Tea Party and Declaration of Independ ence — ^Schools and Churches 15 CHAPTER IV. FALL RIVER A TOWN. Struggle Over the Separation Prom Freetown — ^Change of the Name — Building the First Mills — The Whal ing Imdustry 20 CHAPTER V. INCORPORATED A CITY. The First Government — The Civil War and the Period of Rapid Growth To 1880 2S CHAPTER VI. PROGRESS iSINCE 1880. Population More Than Doubles — Con tinued Mill Building — Public Im provements and New City Charter. . 37 CHAPTER VII. Mayor John T. Coughlin's Addministra- tion — Board of Aldermen 190G — Other City Officials 41 CHAPTER VIII. FALL RIVER TO-DAY. Us Attractive Situation and Advantages — Brigiht Prospect for the Future- Fine Water Works System 43 CHAPTER IX. EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES. Gro'wtJi and Lfflciency of the Modern School System — The Public Library. 56 PAGE ch: AFTER X. PIRE AND POLICE. Sketch of the Beginnings and Develop ment of Two Strong Departments of the Municipality 07 CHAPTER XL THE CITY'S INDUSTRIES. This the Greatest Centre o€ Cotton Manufacturing — Its Rapid Growth — The Various Corporations — Other Industries 72 CHAPTER XII. BANES AND BANKING. Honorable and Prosperous Career of the Institutions, With Long Terms of Service — The History of Each. . . 95 CHAPTER XIII. LAW, MEDICINE AND THE PRESS. Early and Present Lawyers and Physi cians — The Court House and Hos pitals — The Newspapers 102 CHAPTER XIV. RELIGIOUS DBNOMINATIONS. Wide Variety of Denominations — ^Long Pastorates and Sti-onig Preachers — Sketch of Each Church Ill CHAPTER XV. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH. Tie Diocese of Fall River — Beginnings of Catholicity Here — Numerous 'Strong Parishes With Their History 123 CHAPTER XVI. CLUBS, LODGES, SOCIAL AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS. Y. M. C. A., Boys' Club, Home For Aged People and Similar Institutions — Quequechan Club and Masonic and Other Lodges — The Militia — Labor Unions and Labor Troubles 132 CHAPTER XVII. STATISTICS. City Offlcers from 1854 to 1906 143 C H A P T E R XVIII. Biographical Sketches of Weil-Known Fall River Men, I';i':t and Present . . IGi CHAPTER I THE EARLIEST DAYS The Native Inhabitants and Their Lives. King Philip and Weetamoe. Freemen's Purchases The Pocasset and Though the New World was discovered by Columbus in 1492 and the northern coast was skirted six years later, by Sebastian Cabot under the protection of the English King, thereby giving England some claim to the territory, it was not till the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth in 1620 that any perma nent settlement was made in New England. Till then the territory that now comprises the city of Fall River had been a part of the domain of the Wampanoag Indians, in whose possession it remained till shortly before King Philip's war, flfty-flve years later, and with these original proprietors of the soil the history of the city properly begins. The section had been visited by others before the Pilgrims came, however, though one cannot speak with absolute certainty of their names or the date of their coming. The Northmen, the hardy, sea-loving Vikings of many a tale, were of an adventurous dis position, and, according to their sagas, in 1008, a party of them, under Thorfinn, sailed up the Seaconnet River to Mt. Hope Bay, where they spent the winter. They "called the place Hop,'' whence some have thought to trace the name Mt. Hope. They traded with the natives and may have marked a curiously-traced stone found at Bristol, as well as Dighton rock. On this, however, critical historians are skeptical. Far more thoroughly authenticated than this, and, indeed, a matter of accepted his tory, is the visit of Joseph Verrazzano, a Florentine discoverer, under French patron. age, who in 1524, after calling at Block Isl and, entered Narragansett Bay, where he and his company of flfty men remained, probably at Newport, about fifteen days. He was greatly pleased with the natives, of whom he saw much, and described them and their customs at length in a letter to the king.* "They were," he said, "the flmest-looking *Bickneirs Barrington. people and the handsomest in their costumes that we found on our voyage. They exceed us in size, and are of a very fair com plexion; some of them incline more to a white and some are of a tawny color. Their faces are sharp ; their hair is long and black, on the adornment of which they bestow great care. Their eyes are black and keen; their demeanor is gentle and attractive. . . . The women resemble them in size and are very graceful and handsome, and quite at tractive in dress and manners. They had no other clothing except a deer skin, orna^ mented as were the skins worn by the men. Some had very rich lynx skins upon their arms and wore various ornaments upon their heads, braided in their hair, which hung down upon their breasts." These were a part of the Wampanoags, long a powerful and populous people, able to call together 3,000 warriors, and tJhe owners of nearly all of Southeastern Massachusetts. They were an important division of the Al gonquin nation, but as the result of a terrible epidemic, possibly smallpox, about 1612, their numbers had been greatly reduced at the time of the Plymouth settlement, and they had ibeen obliged to pay tribute to their ancient enemies, the Narragansetts, who dwelt on the west shores of the bay. It was this weakened condition of the tribe wmmunity. They were Major Church, John Pearce, John Cook, Gersham Woodle, Richard Borden, C'hristo- pher Almy,, Thomas Cory, Stephen Man chester, Joseph Wanton, Forbes Manchester, Daniel Howland, Edward Gray, Edward Briggs, William Mandhester, Amos Sihef- fleld, Daniel Willcox, Edward Colby, Joseph Tabor, David Lake, Thomas Waite, Joseph Tallman, John Briggs,, John Cooke, William Almy and John Cook, Jr. In 1698 the names of John Searle, Josiah Stafford, Benjamin Chace, Robert Dennis, Gersham Manchester, William Durfee, Thomas Cook, Jethro Jef fries and S'amuel Snell also appear as own ers of real estate. The town was formally annexed to RhO'de Island on the readjust ment of the boundary line and was incor porated in that State. A census taken ten years later gives the population of the town as 1,040, of whO'ffl 842 were whites, 99 negroes and 99 Indians. Statistics of the population of Freetown about this time show that in 1765 there were 1,492 inhabitants; in 1776, 1901; in 1790, 2,202; and in 1800, 2,535. The possibilities of the water power of t'he Quequechan, which was later to have a most important part in developing the city as a center of manufacturing, were early recognized, and in the flrst division of the Pocasset Purchase, in 1680, the proprietors reserved a tract on the south of the stream. 10 HISTORY OF FALL RlVER thirty rods wide and including the water power, which was known as the mill lot. This extended from 'the shore easterly to the vicinity of Twelfth street. The mill lot, like the land to the south, was divided into thirty shares,, of twenty- six and one-half of which Col. Benjamin Church and his brother, Caleb, a 'millwright, of Watertown, became the owners. John Borden is 'thought to have held the remain ing three and one-half shares. The brothers erected a saw mill 'prior to 1091, in whioh year reference is made to it in the deed by which Caie'b conveyed his half of the prop erty to Benjamin for £100. By 1703 Benja min had moved to Pall River and added to his property a grist mill and a fulling mill, both small concerns, standing near Main street and adjoining the dam, which was on the west side of 'that thoroughfare. The grist mill is believed to have been of the same dimensions as a sim'ilar mill erected by Caleb Church for Gabriel Bernon, at Watertown, which was 22x18 feet, with 11 feet stud. The fulling mill cleansed and otherwise prepared the farmers' wool for spinning by the housewives. By 1714, Benjamin Church, then living at Little Comipton,, sold his interest bo Richard Borden, of Tiverton, and Joseph Borden, of Freetown, sons of John Borden, and the whole control of the water power of t'he stream passed into the hands of the Borden family, who retained it till the erec tion of the Troy mill and Fall River Manu factory in 1813. They had, some time before the Revolution, erected another grist mill and a saw mill at the second privilege, as it was called, at the foot of the hill, near where the Anawan mill was later 'built. Another of the 'early industries within the city limits was the tan yard on French's hill at the present site of t'he Westport Mfg. Co.'s storehouse. It had been established early in the century by Joseph Read, and was sold in 1801 by the heirs, Joseph, Samuel and George Read Nathan and Nancy Bowen and Jonathan and Phebe Barnaby, to Enoch French, who car ried it on till about 1840 or '50, and who gave his name to the hill. T'he property when acquired 'by him comprised one-quar ter of an acre of land, with 'a dwellimg house and tan yard, and was sold for |400. The town also established a salt works by vote of July 7, 1777. It was near the present location of the Mechanics' Mills. Stephen Borden, Jonathan Read and Benja min Davis were appointed a committee to carry it on. Various saw and grist mills were also built and operated near Assonet, and an iron works, using bog iron ore dug in the town, was established in 1704. Of the early settlers many came from the island of Rhode Island, some from Plymouth and a few from Boston and Duxbury. They were sturdy, industrious and peaceful citi zens, and generally well educated for their time, as one may judge from the small num ber of legal documents in which recourse for signatures is had to marks. The Quakers predominated, and their teaching was that the rising generation should 'be well school ed. This 'Sect made its influence felt, too, in the kindly treatment of indenture ser vants and negro and Indian slaves, of whom nearly every family had its quota and who were largely Instrumental in de veloping the farming lands. The 'Quaker discipline roundly condemned the slave trade, and recommended kindness. The system was abolished by a legal decision following the adoption of the 'State Consti tution in 1780. The life of the Colonial 'period here, like everything old, 'appears strangely fascinat ing. It was lacking in many of the con veniences of modern times, the telephone, telegraph and railroad, for example, not to speak of running water and sanitary con veniences in the 'homes, steam or furnace heat and hundreds of the smaller things that we now think almost indispensable. Yet it was in many ways a life that strongly ap peals to the man of our times fagged out by the sick hurry and rush of business cares. The landowner 'here was practically independent. Abundant flsh and game in the woods, and streams nearby, and his own cattle, sheep, swine and poultry, added to the vegetables raised on his land, and a bounteous siip'ply of butter, eggs and milk, enabled him to set a generous table. It was lacking, probably, in some of the delicacies that we provide to-day for our jaded ap petites, but withal was of a kind to make one's mouth water when he reads of beef, mutton and turkey, for example, all brought on for the piece de res'lstance of an every day meal. The settlers also had fruits in abundance from the orchards which they had carefully planted, and thus, from the point of view of their inner men, were well provided for. Their own corn and wheat were ground into meal and flour almost at their doors, and about all that it was abso- HISTORY OF FALL RIVER n lutely necessary for them to purchase for their 'table was tea and coffee, spices, sugar and molasses. Cider they made in generous quantities from their own apples each fall, and supplemented with supplies of New England and Jamaica rum, port wine and gin, which were then kept in nearly every house 'to 'be offered to guests. They were used in moderation, however, and intoxica tion was probably no more prevalent than toHday. The cattle and sheep did more than pro vide food, for their hides or skins were tanned by the local tanner, who took his pay in kind, and each man was thus pro vided with leather, calf-skin and sheep-skin against the occasional visits of the travelling shoemaker, who, when he came, was ex pected to make shoes enough to last the family till 'he came again. Most of the other clothing of all members of the family was made of wool from the backs of the sheep kept on the farm, which had been prepared at the fuilling mill on the stream, and spun, dyed and woven into cloth by the women of the home. Flax for linen was also raised and used to some extent, but very little for clothing. A majority of the inhabitants were Quakers, and their garments were of the plain and unostentatious drab advised by the discipline of the meeting. Among the Congregational members of the community, however, there was probably more attention to apparel, for during this period the dandies of the old 'World flourished in the glories of silks and satins of rich hues, with slashed doublets, knee breeches, silver buckles and powdered hair. These fashions were copied in Boston, Newport and Providence, and doubtless in ,a smaller measure by the citi zens of Freetown whose purse and con science allowed them to do so. The same was true of the ladles. The houses of the colonists varied, of course, as do the dwellings of their descend ants to-day. Tim'ber was at hand in almost unmeasured quantities and in the erection of dwellings was used with a generosity that would bankrupt the builder of the twentieth century. The dimensions of floor beams, and sills and rafters now cause a smile, but the structures were built to last and have done so in many cases even to this day. Tne kitchen was usually the main living room and the largest in the house. The bed rooms were almost invariably small. Chim neys were of huge size and built of stone. with cranes for the pots and kettles and a brick oven at the side. The wood fire was built here on andirons set on a massive hearth with a big, green backlog in front. No stoves were used to any extent till the nineteenth century. The furniture was of the kind familiar to all by the specimens that have been handed down as heirlooms, and was made by travelling cabinet-makers. A stock of furniture, including the high- posted 'bedsteads, dressers and chests, was then as much a part of every bride's outfit as her linen is to-day. Candles, of course, were used for light, and, like the soap and many other household articles, were made in the home. The employment of the master and his men was like that of the farmer of the present the care of his stock and crops and the cutting of wood, to which was added the clearing of new land. His children mar ried young and brought up large families. Ten or twelve bpys and girls were the com mon number in each family, and fifteen, seventeen and even nineteen were not un known. There was something beside the fertility of the parents in this; labor was scarce and the assistance of the younger generation was needed in developing the country. The marriages, like modern ones, varied considerably in the amount of dis play and merrymaking. Those among the Friends were quiet and in accordance with their simple customs, W'hile among the peo ple of the world there was likely to be more of festivity. The funerals were often the occasion of extended remarks by the clergy, a custom that survives to-day in rural dis tricts. Nearly every farm had its burying- ground, with usually a corner set aside for the graves of the slaves. The Sa,bbath was observed with 'a greater degree of strictness than to-day, in accord ance with the laws made in the State house at Puritan Boston, though not all the man dates of the Solons there assembled were so zealously respected. Among the Con gregationalists the Lord's Day was consider ed to begin at sunset on Saturday and end with the setting of the sun the follow ing day. It was observed by services for worship with sermons of great length. The Friends held the services peculiar to their sect and considered the Sabbath over at the end of the afternoon meeting. There were, however, the meetings on Wednesdays and the monthly, quarterly and yearly gatherings. The Indian and negro slaves, to whose n HISTORY OF FALL RIVER kindly treatment referenioe has been made elsewhere, were often freed by the wills of their masters on certain conditions, like faithfulness to the widow. Provision was often made in these testamenits for their sus tenance by the bequest of two or three acres of land, with a small house and furniture. In one case, at least, it lis ordered that a negro thus freed shall annually pay to the son of the testator a small sum of money in tl ust, to be used for his care in case of ill ness. Pews for the blacks were provided in a remote corner of the church, and their graves were also in a corner of their mas ters' burying-ground. There were two taverns, one at Brightman street, near Slade's Ferry, kept by the Brightman family, and the other at the cor ner of North Main and Central streets, run in 1738 by Stephen Borden and a popular place till it gave way to a hotel erected near by in 1803. For evildoers stocks were erected in 1690, from the proceeds of a special assessment on the taxpayers. They stood near the meeting-house, about two miles above Steep Brook, at the present Freetown line, but were seldom used, and appear to have been discontinued about the middle of the century. Of newspapers there were none here, of course, but in Boston the weekly News- Letter had been established as early as 1704, and had been followed by others, while in Newport the publication of a weekly had been begun in 1732. By 1768 a newspaper was being published twice a week in Bos ton. The circulation of these papers was small, but it is only fair to assume that some copies occasionally, at least, reached this vicinity and were read. No large col lections of books were to be found in any homes, still there were some. The publica tions of the day most widely read related to theological controversy, for the age was ar gumentative and the war of words on mat ters of creed was bitter. Cotton Mather, George Fox and Roger Williams were among the writers of note. There were also the narratives of those who had been captured by Indians, histories of Indian wars and early settlements, and some poetry. The latter, however, makes but sad reading to day. It was in the style of the Bay Psalm Book, and later followed the artificial models of the sichool of Pope, though but clumsily. The romance and the drama were con demned as vanities and but little allowed. Still, the settlers in this section were far from being extremists. They were at sufii cient distance from Boston to escape the Puritan severity, though under its jurisdic tion, and never were tempted to burn witches. Besides, many had come from lib- eial Rhode Island and Plymouth, and, espe cially in the later days, a very considerable proportion were ol the gentle faith of the Friends. They were prosperous and lived comfortably. The hard days of the Revolu tion made themselves telt, of course, but lu the years that followed a great demand for wood sprang up, and many residents who had timber in abundance made them selves independently well off by the sale of it to their less fortunate neighbors at Newport. Every farmer of importance in these days was a ship carpenter and had his own vessel, usually a sloop of 35 or 40 tons, of the kind which could be built in the woods and trans ported to the shore, in which he and his family made their trips to Providence, New port and even to New York. Some members of the family were usually seamen, and a number of them served in the Revolutionary navy. Others entered privateering, and numbers who sailed away in larger ships never returned, and no news of their fate, whether in storm or at the hands of pirates, ever reached their families here. The custom house for this section was established soon after the Revolution, at Dig'hton, and the records for the period from 1782 on show a large number of the small vessels referred to registered from Free town. There was, for example, the "Two Brothers," a sloop of 36 tons, square-sterned, with one deck, no gallery and no head, owned by Simeon Borden and commanded by Samuel Borden. She was 48 feet 7 inches in length, with 15 feet 10 Inches beam and a depth of 5 feet 8 inches. Others of about the same size were William Reed's "Deflance," Darius Chace's "Wealthy," God frey 'Briggs' "Quickstep," Philip Hathaway's "Polly" and Ebenezer Payne's of the same name, Ephraim Briggs' "King Fisher," Ed mund Briggs' "Hard Times," Jonathan Read's "Ranger," Isaac Brightman's "Han nah," Zebulum White's "Lively," John Briggs' "Dolphin," George Brightman's "Rainbow," Luther Winslow's "Mayflower,' Noah Chace's "Betsey," Dudley Hathaway's "Randolph," Walter Challoner's "Swallow," .Tonathan Bowen's "Mary," Benjamin Bright- HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 13 man's "Dolphin," Gilbert Chace's "Chartley Ann,'' Edmond Valentine's "Arethusa," Nathan Briggs' "Sally," Beriah Allen's "Lib erty" and many others. Larger vessels were also built, schooners and then brigs, ruiiuing to about 125 tons. The main wharf was where the Rodman wharf of the Staples Coal Company now is, with another at Slade's Perry, and one at about every farm farther north. Assonet was then the metropolis of the town, with Steep Brook a close rival, which at one time attained the dignity of no less than six gro cery stores. In the Pocasset Purchase, the present Plymouth avenue had been laid out and reserved for a street, but there was no such reservation in the Free men's Purchase, though the highways were left open by common consent. At the Narrows, where, as the name sug- ge'Sts, the land jutted out, no bridge w,as erected till the ponds were raised by a dam in 1826, and the shallows were crossed either on stones or by fording at "the wad ing place," as it was styled. A narrow plank bridge was early erected over the Quequechan, on the main road, but this was occasionally destroyed by water and had to be renewed. There was then a consider able pond to the east of the main road, mak ing north to Bedford street, which was filled iu with earth secured by cutting down the hill near Troy street. The Taunton River was crossed a lit tle north of the present Slade's Ferry bridge. This had been an Indian place for crossing from the earliest days, and it was near by that Weetamoe was drowned during King Philip's war. Gov. Winslow and an other, possibly .John Hampden, had used this ferry when on their visit to Massasoit in 1623. The Governor relates that he fired his gun as a signal that he wished to pass ovar, whereupon two Indians came across and took him to the opposite side in a canoe. William Slade, for whom the ferry was named, estab lished it soon after settling in Somerset in 1689. At his death it passed to his eldest son, .Jonathan, who at his deceajc without issue bequeathed it to his nephew, Samuel Slade, and in turn it passed by death to Jonathan, William and William L. Slade. Following rowboats, sailboats were used, with the horses of travellers swimming the stream; then a boat propelled by horses, on which the stages could cross, beglnnin;^ in 1826, and steamers, the Faith in 1847 and the Weetamoe in 1847, till the opening of the bridge In 1876. The fare was established by statute, and in later times wa3 23 cents. A competition line was run for a while by the, Brlghtmans, with a landing on this side near the Weetamoe mills, and there was also a ferry at Steep Brook, after the laying out of the Blossom Road by the court June 10, 1773, gave a direct road by this route from Providence to New Bedford. This last named road had been petitioned for the year before by residents of the sec tion beyond the pond who were unable to reach the town meeting-house by a direct road. The Selectme.a approved the petition, but landowners objected and it was neces sary to go to the courts. It ran from the old New Bedford road near what is now called Wordell's corner, along the line of the present Blossom road northerly, and then westerly ovtr Wilson road, reaching the Main road at Steej) Brook. The New Boston road was laid out February 23, 1790, cir.d ran from Wilson road southerly to the south end of the Freemen's Purchase— near the corner of Bedford and Quarry streets. The Rhode Island boundary question, which was not to be definitely settled till it had been passed on by the Supreme Court of the United States many years later, came up several times prior to ISOO. It went back to the original charter of the colony of Plymouth, granted in 1629, by which the wof.tern limits of the Plymouth government were placed as iha middle of the waters of the "Narragansett River." Tho charter granted to Rhode Island in 1663 extended her eastern boundary three miles east and northeast of the bay iuto Plymouth terri tory. The latter objected, and on appeal to the King her claim was sustained by a royal commission. Tiverton and Little Compton were then a part of Plymouth and became a section of Massachusetts on the consolidation of the two governments. The boundary between Freetown and Tiverton was at the Quequechan River — the cleft rock, to be exact. In 1740 Rhode Island applied to the Ripg for a re-examination of her eastern bound ary, and George II., in pursuance of his pol icy to lessen the power of Massachusetts, appoiinted a commission which established the line in 1741, confirmed by the King May 20, 1746, by which Tiverton and Little Compton and three other towns wore added J4 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER to Rhode Island. To define the new bound ary the colonies were to appoint surveyors to establish the bounds. The line between Freetown and Tiverton, by the decision oi the commission, was to run from a point m the shore 440 rods south of the Quequechan. Rhode Island at once appointed men to run the line, but instead of measuring 440 roCs south in a straight line, they followed the windings of the shore around the print works point and Crab Pond, starting the line frora a point near the foot of Division street, whence it ran northeasterly through the large buttonwood tree on South Main street, a little south of Spring, long a landmark here, and crossing Pleasant street near the Merchants mill. The line was run by Rhode Island men alone and was accepted by Mas sachusetts as correct until 1791, when this State appointed commissioners to examine and found that her territory had been con siderably Infringed upon. No agreement could be reached with Rhode Island, how ever, and the matter lay over till it was brought up again in 1844 and the line even tually fixed in its present location in 1862. Lands for the few Indians who remained in this section were early set aside, for a brief period after 1704, on Stafford road, just south of the present State line, and later east of the Watuppa ponds, where the Indian reservation still is. In the earliest days the nuraber of Indians on these tracts was considerable, but by intermarriage with other races and removal it has dwindled till now the reservation is occupied by but a single family, and that has probably but a slight strain of Indian blood. The Stafford road lands first set apart were formerly the property of Daniel Wil cox, but he, having be'en convicted of "high misdemeanors," had been arrested in 1681 and flned £150. He escaped into Rhode Island, but in 1701 he proposed to convey to the province for the satisfaction of the fine, which was still unpaid, 160 acres of fand on Stafford road. The offer was accepted and the estate becarae State property. Three years later, in February, 1704, the Indians residing in the southern part of Bristol County petitioned the Governor for the as signment to them as persons who had been very serviceable to the Crown in the re cent wars with the Indians, of a tract of land for a plantation, "where they may set tle together in an Orderly way and have the beneflt of the ministry & settling a school for instructing of their children." The peti tion was granted and the Wilcox land given them during the government's pleasure. In 1707 another petition was allowed for the exchange of this land for 160 acres east of the pond belonging to Col. Benjamin Church, the present reservation. In Church's deed exchanging the property, which bears the date of April 4, 1709, the new reservation is described as "lyeing more commodious for the Indian settlemt & more Remote from the English." The land i.s transferred to the province with the con dition "But allways to be Continued & used for a plantation & settlement for the Indian Natives . . . Divers of whom have bcien very serviceable in the present & former Wars and some of them brought up in Eng lish families." A curious provision for rent appears in the words "to be holden of hei Majesties Government of ye sd Province by the sd Indians & their heires forever yielding to the Governr of the sd Province for the time being upon ye tenth day of De cember, yearly. One quarter of good venison in Lieu of all Rents & services, not to be Assigned or 'Alienated but continued an In dian Plantation forever." The land was divided among the various families and by "the honorable board ol London commissioners for propagating ye Christian knowledge among the natives," a schoolhouse was erected in 1772, as appears by the petition for the laying out of Bios som road in that year. Sabbath services were also held here. The land was resur- veyed and again divided, in 1764, this time among twenty-eight families. But nine of the 160 acres were then under cultivation In 1818, by order of the General Court, all Indians were placed under the guardianship of the State and all land reserved for them except what was cultivated was made com mon. A State commissioner's report in 1862 showed 78 desicendants of Indians in this section, only 21 of whom were on the reser vation. Little land was cultivated, and they were found to be indolent, negligent and of low moral condition. The children then at tended the public schools. Some of the names were Peter Washunk, Sarah Titticut, Sarah Quam, Hope Penny, Mercy Hope, Isaac Church, Hannah Mouse, Benjamin Squannamay. Thore was also an Indian doctor named Perry. CHAPTER III IN THE REVOLUTION Patriots and Tories. The Battle of Fall River. Resolutions on Boston Tea Party and Declaration of Independence. Schools and Churches The town of Freetown, of which Pall River was then a part, had an excellent rec ord in the Revolution. Though at first under Tory influence, the patriots here rallied promptly and by word and deed took their stand in favor of liberty and independence. The southern and eastern sections were strongly patriotic, but in conservative Asso net there were many Tories. The latter ai> pear to have been successful at a town meeting in January, 1744, at which the de struction of tea in Boston harbor was con demned in strong resolutions. The tea had been thrown overboard on Deceraber 16, and on January 8, pursuant to a request of a number of inhabitants for a m.eeting to consider the affair, such a meet ing was called to be held at the middle school house January 17. Captain George Chase was moderator, and "after sum De bates and Duoly Considering ye bad Conse quences which probably raay arise from ye proceeding," it was decided that the town should act on the matter, and a oommdttee was appointed to prepare resolutions, which wera adopted on January 26. These criti cised the town of Boston for allowing the Incident, declared that Freetown abhorred, detested and forever bore testiraony against fauch acts, and instructed the rQpresentative in the General Court to use his utmost en deavor to prevent in the future all such "Riotous and Mobish proceedings." Fear was expressed that the affair "will bring upon us the Vengeance of an Affronted Ma jesty, and also piunge us in Debt and Misery when ye Injured owners of sd Tea shall make there Demand for ye Vallue of ye Sarae," and it was ordered that tha vote be "farely Recorded in ye Town Book" and a copy sent to the press "that ye World may know our rainds Respecting our libertys and Good Government, and ye Resolutions we have to obey ye good Laws of our land, which under God for so long this Province hcive been happy in ye Injoyment of." The tommi'ttee which drew up these resolutions consisted of Thomas Gilbert, Abiel Terry, Jaraes Winslow, Jail Hathaway, and Jesse Bullock. The sentiment changed quickly, however, for at a town meeting on September 19 of the sarae year, agreeable to the request of the Taunton committee to choose represen tatives to confer with those of other towns in the county as to "raeasures proper to us in our deplorable circurastances," Thomas DurfcI shot and balls upon them as fast as they could load and fire, and flnding themselves in danger from the musketry of these tew brave Whigs, who pursued them, they or dered Mr. Borden, their prisoner, to stand up in the boat, hoping that his comrades on the shore would recognize him and de>- sist from flring upon them. But this he refused 'to do; and threw himself flat into the bottom of the boat. While laying there, a shot from the Americans on shore killed one of the British soldiers standing by his side in the boat. Mr. Borden was obstinately silent to all the questions which were asked him; so that not being able to maka any profltable use of hira, they dismissed him in a few days on parole. The engagement took place on a Sabbath morning on the 25th of May, 1778. The two British soldiers killed in this engageiment were buried at twelve o'clock on the same day of the battle, near where the south end of the Massasoit factory now stands." The site of this battle was marked by a bronze tablet ere(cted by the Quequechan Chapter, D. A. R., May 25, 1899, on the south west corner of the City Hall. The Tories here were chiefly of the older, more wealthy and conservative inhabitants, who had becorae so accustomed to the estab lished order that they hesitated to risk se curity under the new and who found the shifting of allegiance from King to colony too difflcult. Somei who in earlier years had been Tories, like Captain Ambrose Barnaby, and Captain Levi Rounseville, we're later brought to the patriot cause and were active in its support. Captain Rounseville, indeed, was in command of thei Minute Men who re sponded to the Lexington alarm, and Captain Barnaby also did much in. the cause of lib erty. The most prominent of all the loyalists was Colonel Thoraas Gilbert, of Assonet, .a veteran of the French and Indian war, and the head of tha second regiment of militia, to which the Freetown companies belonged. He was the town's representative in the General Court and chairman of the commit te* which drew up the resolutions express ing abhorrence at the Boston 'tea party. Early in 1775, by direction of General Gage, at Boston, he stored considerable quanti ties of war material and organized 300 men of this county for quelling any uprising m this section. Two thousand Whigs from olhej towns marched on the force, but Col- IS HISTORY OF FALL RIVER onel Gilbert, learning of their approach, took v/hat he could of the munitions and, with some of his followers fled to an English war vessel at Newport. The arms and ammuni tion left behind were seized and 2y men, v.ho had enlisted under Gilbert, were cap tured, but released on promises of better biv havior. This was on April 9, ten days before the battle of Lexington. Colonel Gilbert's p? operty was confiscated. Another activei Tory was Sarauel Valen tine, though not the only one, as appears frora a list of 26 raen, voted for trial May 31, 1777. But very little knowledge of the schools o'' the Colonial period has come down to us. The children ware not without instruction in the elementary subjects of reading, writ ing and arithmetic, however, for it was firmly fixed in the minds of the fathers 'that the educating of their offspring was a sol emn religious duty. This was emphasized by the early enactment of a law compelling every town of fifty families to maintain a public school and every town of 100 families one to fit pupils for Harvard College. In this community, too, the teaching of the Friends' Discipline that members of the meeting should give special care to the in struction of the young was of great weight, for a large number of the settlers belonged to that faith and csarly established their own school system, by which the Quaker chil dren were taught, usually by women, at homes of members of the -society. The first mention of schools in the town records appears in 1702, when Robert Dur fee 'W'as chosen agent to secure a 'man to dispense the gospel and teach the children reading and writing. This double service as minister and pedagogue was common in the colonies and continued to be so for many years. William Way was the flrst school master, elected in 1704, it appears, and re- m.ained till three years later, when he was dismissed 'by vote of the 'town. Tha next date on which the matter of schools appears is May 5, 1718, when Jacob i-ialhaway was chosen "to seek for a school master." In October of that year Thomas Roberts was hired to teach for £36 a year, the flrst third of the period at the north end of the town, the next third at the meeting house and the last third at or near John Howland's, which was within the limits of the present city. Roberts probably did not stay more than three years, for in 1721 it was voted to seek a new man, and in the following year William C'aswell was voted £30, to teach for a year, with the under standing tnat ho was to be at all cost for boarding himself. William Gaige was an- otner early teacher. There were years, how ever, when public educational facilities wero few, for the town was repeatedly indicted tor not having a schoolmaster as the law directed. The first record of schoolhouses appears in 1722 in a vote to erect two buildlmgs "-at the niiudle of each hau of the town from the meeting-house or centre," and in 1Y27 it was ordered that a school to be erected shouTd be 18 by 14 feet, seventy pounds were ap propriated for raeeting the expense of tho three structures. The dimensions and cost given show that the buildings of this time were far different from the modern struc tures, and even as late as 1791, when the town was divided into seven school districts and a vote passed for the erection of new houses, they had not greatly increased. The Icigest of these, for district No. 3, between Steep Brook and Assonet, where there were 58 farailies, was but 25% by 20 feet. The scliooi in district No. 1, near the centre of Fall River, was 24x20, and was to accoramo- date the pupils from 47 families. District No. 2, to the north of this, had a building of the s.'^me dimensions and 52 farailies. These schoolhouse-g were, of course, but one story high, and were built with an eye single to utility. The walls were covered with 'pine boards and plastered and a small entry partitioned off at the front. Opposite the teaoh'er's desk was a large fireplace in which four-foot wood was burned, and run ning around the side of the room in several rows were rough benche.s for the pupils with desks for the older scholars of two-foot planks. There were no receptacles for Ijooks and slates, unless here and thepe an individual drawer. The teacher's desk was equally plain — '.a, frame of planed pine boards standing four and a half feet high. The win dows werci small and without shades, and there were no maps or pictures. Reading, writing and arithmetic were the principal studies. For the first the Bible was a favorite, and later the New England Primer. For penmanship, in which the pu pils took much pride if they did well, for sraioeful chirography was considered a no table accomplishment, there were copies set hy the teacher, whose duty it also was to HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 19 mend the goose-quills used for pens. The aritnmetic was mostly done by rules, easily learned and applied, and while the examples set often involved laborious calculations, tney did not tax the mental powers or de velop the reasoning auiiities as do the prob lems given to the 'school children of to-day. Spelling was also taught, but history, geog raphy, nature study and other subjects brought into the schools of this century re ceived but scant notice. The early town records are still preserved ill the old town of Jreetown, and copies of them are kept in the City Clerk's office here. The records are not in chronological order at the first, and the minutes appear to liave been written whe(rever a convenient place offered. The first entry is the birth of Abi gail Makepeace, .and is followed by 'the rec ord of the election and swearing in of vari ous officers, including Thomas Freejove as tuning man. There are also numerous rec ords of the ear-marks of domestic animals belonging to citizens of the town, of which ".loseph Dunham his earmark on his crea tures is a fork on the left ear and a h'alf- penny on each side of the sarae" is a typical exaraple. Regulations for horses, swine and sheep that were allowed to go at large, fines for non-attendance at town meeting, provisions for scout duty and the licensing of Indians who came here to hunt, and the appropriation of 15 shillings to build a town stocks, after the town had been indicted for not having one, throw considerable light on the life of the period. A frequent subject for consideration at town meetings was -the matter of a town minister, in accordance with the law ot the colony. The local residents appear to have had little syrapathy for this, and were re peatedly Indicted tor failure to provide such an officer. The early schoolraasters were sometimes also expected to act as minis ters, but objections were raised that they were not duly approved by the ministers of the neighboring towns, as the law required. Lt 1707 the town voted to appeal to the Bishop of London to supply a clergyman, possibly hoping thereby to escape the ex pense of the minister's salary, as well as an noy tha Puritan State Magistrates, and this vote was frequently cited as an objection when anempts were later made to elect a Congregational clergyman. Joseph Avery, Jonathan Dodson, Thoraas Craighead, Jaraes McSparron and Silas Brett were among the official ministers of the town at this period. A meeting-house 26x36 feet and 18 feet be tween joints was corapleted in 1714, on land given for thq purpose by Samuel Lynde. it stood on the main road, near the present line between Freetown and Fall River. Twenty pounds toward the cost were given by tha General Court. The Friends were long the largest and raost powerful denoraination in the town. Their raeeting-house was erected not far from the present Crystal Spring Bleachery, about 1725. CHAPTER IV FALL RIVER A TOWN Struggle Over the Separation From Freetown. Change of the Name. Building the First Mills. The Whaling Industry By 1800 the population of Freetown had reached 2,535, and the agitation for setting off the southern portion as a separate com munity, which had been on foot for some time, began to gain new strength. It was op- The Thomas Durfee House, 94 Cherry Street the year Runing From the South almost to the North Part of the town about the mid dle of tha Town from East to West Which Obliges us to Hold our Meeting at the North End of the Town, a Distance of Eight Miles, & alraost All the Inhabitants of the Southern Village Being Seafaring & Trades Men & it Being Intirely Impossible to be Provided with Horses Sufflcient for So Great a Pro portion of the Inhabitants as are and Ever Will be Destitute. . . ." A town meeting to consider the matter was held February 4, 1802, with Nathaniel Morton moderator. By a unanimous vote it was decided that the town should not be divided agreeable to this petition and fur ther "that the town of Freetown shall not be divided at any rate." Apparently a change of opinion took place at once, for at the same raeeting these votes were recon sidered and a committee appointad "to di- posed by the residents of the northern section, however, for various reasons, and was a subject of discussion at several town meetings. The grounds on which the desire for a division was based appear in the petiiton of Thomas Borden and 155 others, datcrd Janu ary 12, 1802. It was addressed to the Gen eral Court and ran in part as follows: "The Subscribers Inhabitants of the South End of Freetown Humbly Shew that their Situation in Sd town is extremely Unfortu nate Owing tO' Tha great Distance 'the Town meetings are Held from them Which Can not be Reraidied in the Towns Present Sit uation It Being in a Triangular form as by the Plan exhibited will appear & the princi pal Sattlements Being at the three extreme Points & a Central Place Not Possible to be Obtained There Being a Long Sunken Swamp Impassable at Almost All times in The Brownel' House, 285 North Main Street vide the town and where to divide the sd town if divided at all." Adjournment for one hour was taken, and on coming together again the oommittea reported a line to start from the Taunton river about where the HISTORY OF FALL RIVER il present line is, and various recommendations a:', to sharing debts if the division were effected. The report was accepted and Nathaniel Morton, Jr., was appointed the agent of the town to oppose the Borden pe tition in the Legislature. Mr. Morton represented to the| General Court that a division was "totally repug nant to the opinion and wishes of the town Old Free Love House. No. JOO J North Main Street and as much against its interest and con venience." The valuation of Freetown, he Laid, vas only about that of the average Massachusetts town, and a division would cause it to sink into corporate insignificance. Moreover, it was "incapable of division in any manner or form so as to give to the parts when separate an equal participation 'Of advantages and disadvantages." The southqrn section was represented to have the advantage of situation and property lu piopoftion to numbers. It had also the best soil by far, two-fifths of the population, one- hJilf the property and "next to no proportion o': the poor and a prospect of perpetually having the advantage in this respect, the petitioners having so run the line of par tition as to exclude from their plan not only actual paupers and expence for the poor with which we do and must at an unusual rate abound," as well as includod the whole of the valuable shell fishery. The argument iJiat the petitioners were seafaring men and hence without horses and unable to attend town meetirfgs, was met by the statement that they had :a; higiher 'proportion of horses according to their numbers than the rest of the town and had in addition the means of easy water communication with the present center, an advantage of which the rest of the ttiwn was destitute. A second remonstrance was presented by Peter Crapo and others living near the Dart mouth line, that the proposed boundaries would leave them in an out-of-the-way sec tion, far from the center, and render the m-iintenance of a school difflcult. A third remonstrance from the old town asked that the line be placed farther south, as by the contemplated line certain sections would "be left in such an anom-alous, uncouth and ec centric form that it will not be long before ar other division will undoubtedly take place." The joint committee ol tho Legislature reported leave to withdraw, on the petition for division, and the report was accepted by the Senate, but the House non-concurred and appointed a special coramittee to pro ceed to Freetown, view the territory and consider the matter. The Senate concurred in this, and on February 5, 1803, reported in favor of a division on the lines subsequently established. The report was accepted a'nQ the petitioners given leave to bring in;'"-'" bill in accordance with the report. This v.'ent through the several stages and the nefw Old Matthew Boomer House, No. 889 North Main Street tC'Wn was incorporated as Pall River (spell- en as one word) Pebruary 26, 1803. The incorporation did not piit an end to local differences, for at a town meeting at Pall River, May 19, 1804, little more than a year later, it was voted to change the name of the town to Troy. This was followed by a petition to the General Court dated Jvtay 22, 1804, and signed by 74 inhabitants, praying that the name of the town be cbangea, and citing tue following reasons in support of their request: "That whereas in 'the late division & incor poration of this township, the inhabitants thereof were not consulted with regard to 22 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER the circumstance of its name, by those who were entrusted with the management of the business, who all happcaied to live at or near the river called Fall-River, & who there- foie procured without opposition the name which it now bears, and altho' the consider ation ol its name may appear to those who live remote from us raerely circurastantial and ol comparatively little consequence, yet we humbly conceive that as the noted vlcin- itj which has been long known by that appelatlon is rit'jate in a very extream part The Old Gun House on Rock Street near Bedford Street of the town, the present name of Fall River v.'ill serve no other purpose but to beget and kc;ep alive many local prejudices which will periously disturb the minds & peace of the ii.habitants in general." The name Troy is said to have been se lected because of the favorable irapression made on a prominent citizen by the town of Troy, N. Y., on 'a recent visit. There was apiparently no 'opposition, for the bill was passed without 'amendment and became an act June 18, 1804. The new title of the town was retained nearly thirty years, till 1833, when a petition to the General Court was presented, signed by Ebenezer Andrews -and 134 others, asking that the narae be changed back to Pall River. They represented that on account of the fact that there were eight or nine towns and villages ibearlng the 'Uame of Troy their letters and packages were mis-sent, delayed and sometimes never received; that "Pall River, the name of the village in said 1'own of Troy where most of the business is trans acted & where most of the inhabitants re side, is better known & understood abroad than the name of Troy" and that it would be a great accommodation to have the change made. The matter was supported by the select men's petition in accordance with a vote passed in town raeeting March Is, 1833. The Legiislature referred it to the next General Court. It W'as taken up at that session and became an act February 12, 1834. If the S'bateraent of the Freetown repre sentative when he protested against the di vision of the town, that the petitioners had two-flft'hs of the population, is accepted, the nuraber of inhabitants in Fall River 'at its incorporation was about 1,000. This is proba-bly not far fro'ra the truth, for the cen sus of 1810 gave a population of but 1,290. I'he village of Pall River, near the center of the present city, numbered, in 1803, but about 100, according to a hls'torian 'of 60 years ago, who included in this estimate a number of residents liviing in Tiverton, on the south side of the Quequechan. Nine of the eigh teen families in the hamlet were Bordens. The others were the Braytons, Cooks, Da- vols, Luthers, Bufflntons and Bowens, all names still prorainent in the city. A small cotton mill, the flrst in this vi cinity, had been erected in 1811 at Globe Village, then a part of Tiverton, and two years later two mills were erected on the Quequechan, the Troy Cotton & Woolen .Manufactory 'and the Pall River Manufac tory, in which power weaving was intro duced in 1817. The postoffi-ce had been es tablished at 't'he village of Fall River in 1811. removed to Steep Brook for a brief interval and then brought -back. The census of 1820 showe'd that the population had increased since 1810 to 1,594. The next decade saw a very decided step forward. The Pocasset Mills and the Iron Works were established in 1821, Robeson's print works, the M'as&asoit Mill and a satinet factory all about 1824, the Anawan Mill and the Fall River Bank in 1825, the line of steamboats to Providence in 1827, an.', the Pall River Savings Bank in 1828. The "Monitor" newspaper had begun publication in 1826, and 'in 1830 the predecessor of the National Union Bank had established itself just over the line In Tiverton. The census of 1830 showed that the population as the result of the town's prosperity had rauch more than doubled, rising from 1,594 to 4,159. S'tage lines to Providence, 'Newport and New Bedford had been established in 1825. In the following ten ye'ars the American Print Works were established, existing plants enlarged and the population increased HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 23 more gradually to 6,738 in 1840. Then came the disastrous flre of 1843, the building of the railroad, the establishment of a line of ooats to New York, the erection of the Wyoming Mills in 1845, the Metacomet in 1847 and t'he American Linen in 1852. Various newspapers sprang up, but the only one that was to last was the "Weekly News," the publication of which had begun April 3, 1845. The banking facilities were increased by the Massasoit Bank in 1846, the Citizens' S-avings in 1851, the Metacomet in 1852 and the Poca'sset in 1854. The popu lation advanced slowly to 11,170 in 1850, and about 12,000 'in 1854, when the town was in corporated as a city. As late as 1822 the town's paupers were sold by auction to persons who would offer to keep them for the least compensation, but this practice was discontinued a fe'W years later, and in 1835 the Brownell farm 11 1 1/ , to»J n j • pas? 1^ « -4 ** :...^l Old Church House, corner June and French Streets was purchased -as a poor farm. The north burial ground was bought in 1825, and a town 'house erected on a part of the land the same year, to take the place of a building constructed at Steep Brook in 1805. The new house was removed to its present loca tion on the corner of Central and Durfee streets in 1830. Cells were placed under it the next year and the bulilding used till the present city hall was re'ady for occupancy. A beginning in a fire dep'artment was made in 1826 by the ap'p ointment of ten fire wards. An engine was purchased and a house erect ed in 1829, and a second engine in 1845. A night watch of police was begun in 1844, and a hospital established in 1851. Pocas set, Pleasiant 'and Anawan (formerly Broad) streets were opened in 1831, and C'herry, Spring, Washington and Union the following year. Uas was introduced in 1847. r-nvate conveyance was the only means ot conmiunication w.ith neighboring places Ua tbe establishment in 1825 of stage lines to Providence, New Bealord and Newport, wmcn arrivea 'here at noon and left at i o clock. The steamer Hancock began regu lar trips to Proviaence in Septeraber, 1S28, and was followed by the King Phi?ip in 1&32, the Bradford Lurfee in 1845 and the Canonicus in 1849. Other small boats made occasional trips. Communication with New York was by 'sailing packets till 1847, when the Bay iState Steamboat Company wias formed, with a capital of $300,000, and the B'ay State co'inmenced regular trips, with the Massachusetts as an a.ternate boat. The Empire State -was put on the line the fol lowing year and the Metropolis in 1854. Both the New York and Providence lines had been established largely through the efforts of Col. Richard and Jefferson Borden, of the Iron Works Comp'any, and they with N. B. Borden were also instrumental lin building a railroad to Myricks in 1840 to connect with the New Bedford and Taunton read 'and over the tracks of the Providence road to Boston. The flrst terminus here was just 'south of the Central street tunnel, and after about a year was removed to the wharf on the starting of the New York line. The early mills were but small affairs, the Fall River Manufactory of 1,500 spindles and the Troy 2,000. At f.rst little was done in the factories but the spinning of the yarn. The cotton was pickel by hand in the 'homes at four cents a pound, spun in the mills and then woven 'by the housewives in their dwell ings till the introduction of power looms about 1817. The cloth was co.arser than tbe regular 64 square prints of to-day, being but 44x44, 'and made of yarn running frora No. 20 to 25. Wages were low, in accordance with the cost of living, a.nd the hours long. A miW superintendent in 1830 had |2 a day, ordinary hands 83 cents to $1 and overseers $1.25. Work began at 5, or as soon as light, with 30 minutes for breakfast at 8 o'clock, and the same for dinner at noon. The day ended about 7:30 p. m. New England rum was served to the men at 11 each morning till 1827. Only Americans were employed at flrst, then English and Scotch, who came on the establishing of the print works, and Irish after 1843. Calico printing was begun here in Robe son's print works, in 1826, in buildings on 24 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER Pocasset street now owned by William J. Dunn. The plant was a large one for its day 'and gave em'ployment to 'm'any hands. A printing machine, po'Ssibly the flrsit in the country, was set up 'here in 1827, but block printing 'was continued until 1847, when, following a strike, it gave way to machine work. The owner, Andrew Robeson, of New Bedford, with whom his sons, William R. and Andrew, Jr., were associated after a time, was forced 'to make ain assign>ment by the depression of 1848, and the business was carrie'd on by a corporation known as the Pall River Print Works, until about 1860, when the printing machines were taken out and cotton machinery substituted. Mr. Robeson resided in New Bedford and drove to this city each day. He is remembered ator; Orin Fowler, pastor of the First Con gregational C'hureh, and mem'ber ot Con gress; Nathaniel B. Borden, also a member of Congress and active in many enterprises ; Simeon Borden, engineer, Harvey Chace, mamiifacturer, and Edmund C'hace, tanner. The Exchange Hotel on Rock street, now known as the Gunn ©state, was long the principal hostelry here after 1830. It had been erected in 1827 as the 'private residence of John C. Borden, and was surrounded by his grounds, running from Bedford to Franklin street and west nearly to North M'ain. It was a remarkable structure in its day, with flfty-flve rooms, hand-carved man tles and 'Window casings with floors, ceilings and doors of hard 'pine and walls decorated by landscape artists. At the death of Mr. Main Street in 1838 with especial gratitude by some aged men still living, who were formerly in his employ, and who benefitted by a .school he estab lished for them i'n connection with the works. Among other 'men prominent in the leader ship of affairs here was David Anthony, the first 'agent of the Pall River Manufactory and for forty years president of the Fall River Bank; Oliver Chace, the originator and first agent of the Troy Mill; Bradford Durfee, of the Pocasset Mill; Richard and Jefferson Borden, of the Iron Works, print works, railro'ad and steamboat lines; Ste phen and William C. Davol, Dr. Nathan Durfee, Micah Ruggles, Dr. Poster Hooper; James Ford, Eliab Williams, Louis Lapham and Hezeklaili Battelle, lawyers; Phineas W. Leland, collector of customs and State 'Sen- Borden in 1833 it was converted into a hbtel, conducted by James Valentine, then by John D. Thornton and later by 'a stock ccunpany composed of Joshua Remington, Iram Smith, Sam'uel Hamlet and Horatio N. Gunn, wlho carried it O'n for a decade or more. M'r. Gunn's partners died, and he having se cured control, closed it to the public, and used it as his private residence. It is still owned and occupied by his daughters. The stone 'Stable opposite, used by Kirby for miany years, and torn 'down in 1904, was originailly the private stable of Mr. Borden, and later as the hotel sitable was the Kead- quanters of the variou's stages. The Avery case, as it is still .called by the older inhiabitants, occurred in 1832 and made a great sensation at the time. Rev. Ephraim HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 25 K. Av&ry, a Methodi&t minister of Bristol, was charged W'ith th© murder of Sarah Maria Cornell, a factory girl, who had been found strangled to death by a cord on a part of the John Durfee farm, now the north east corner of the South park, December 31, 1832. Avery was tried at Newport the following year, when a total of 239 witnesses were called and the jury, after being out seventeen hours, returned a verdict of not guilty. The great fire of 1843 oocurred on Sunday, July 2, and was an almost appalling calam ity for the little town, from which it recover ed with rapidity, however. It started about 4 o'clock in the 'afternoon among shavings in the rear of a large three-story warehouse gines and bucket brigades. The total num ber of buildings destroyed, which included the Old Bridge mill and the Methodist and Christian churches, was 196, and the num ber of persons residing within the burned district 1,334. The loss was $526,485, on which there was $175,475 insurance. A local relief committee 'was lat once ap pointed and an appeal for help sent to other communities, which resulted in the receipt of $50,934. Of this amount $13,165 came from 'Boston, $1,700 from Providence and the same from New Bedford. In this fire was destroyed the famous skeleton in armour, commemorated by Long fellow in his poem of that title. The skeJe- ton had been found in 1832 in a sand or '¦/¦!/,.,. S- f'/f; '.-.,. [S.J.-. -."..,..- Fire of July, J 843 at the corner of South Main and Borden streets, ignited by 'the firing of a small can non by boys. A high 'Southwest wind was blowing and so fanned the flames and car ried the sparks the* the buildings on bo'fch sides of Main street, the 'bu'siness center, were soon buming. The whole space be tween Main, Franklin^ Rock and Borden streets was ibumed over, 'about twenty acres, and nearly 'all the village would probably have been deistroyed had not the wind changed to the north, driving the flames back over the burned disitrict. No rain had fa:llen for weeks, so that the buildings were very dry, the water in th© stream 'had been shut off to allow repairs, and there was no fire-fightiog apparatus except hand en- gravel bank near Hartwell and Fifth streets, near the surface, 'and buried in a sitting pos ture. It was quite perfect and had a tri angular plate of 'brass covering the sternum, while around the waist was a belt of brass tubes four or five inches in length, about the size of a pipe-stem, placed parallel and close together. Arrowheads were 'also found in the grave. Various theories as to the iden tity of the skeleton were 'advanced, but the configuration of the skull, the position in which it was found and the fact that parts of other skeletons were found near by, make it probable that these were the bones of am Indian, possibly M'assasoit himself. The Clough murder case of 1852 was at tended by 'Sensational features that have kept 26 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER it fresh in the memories of the older citizens. A number of 'houses on Rock street including those of Israel Buffinton, Artemas Willard, Samuel Brown, Elijah Almy and Rev. A. P. Mason were entered early on the raorning of July 10, 1852, by a burglar, who also at- tem.pted to ibreak into other homes. He was seen and followed by t'wo young men, and some time later pointe'd out to Gideon Man chester, a former constable, who entered into convers'ation with him and accompanied hira down Bine 'street toward the shore. Near the corner of Elm and Central the burglar, 'who aitterward proved to be James Clough, start ed to run northward on Elm street. Man chester pursued and Clough, seeing that the other was gaining on him, turned 'and fired, inflicting wounds which caused Manches- dozen or more were sent out. The wharf w^s the "oil wharf," so-called, on Davol street, north of J. A. Bowen's, 'where the vessels fit ted for their cruises -and unloaded their car goes. The business was profitable, but was generally abandoned here on the discovery of gold in California, when the vessels were used to carry passengers to the Pacific Coast. One of the most interesting stories in connection with the industry here, probably the most interesting, in fact — is that of the wreck of the ship Holder Borden, owned here, which sailed from this port in Novem ber, 1842, for the Pacific Ocean for oil, with Jabez Pell, master. All went well until April 12, 1844, when the vessel W'as wrecked on an uncharted island, afterward called Pell's The Old Excursion Steaniboats Bradford Durfee and Canonicus ter's death three days later. Clough then took refuge under a b'arn at the corner of Pine and Durfee streets, from which he was captured, identifiied and placed in a cell. While there he nearly escaped, and when dis covered 'had opened his cell door and put on clothes belonging to one of 'his guards. He was 'afterwards tried, convicted and executed at Taunton. Manchester's funeral was held in the Town Hall, with services conducted by the Baptist, Congregationalist, Methodist and Presbyterian ministers, and was attended bj- "a vast crowd." Manchester left a widow and five sm'all children, for whom a fund of $1,000 was raised by popular subscription. In the period between 1840 and 1850 a con siderable amount of whailing 'was done by vessels from this port, and at tiraes a half Islau'd, in the Pacific, and went to the bCL- tom 'With 1,600 barrels of oil. The crew got ashore on the island — a small, uninhabited, sandy place, and with difficulty succeeded in saving a large quantity of the provisions and oU. With the lumber of the vessel which they were iable to save and with the aid of some tools which they had recovered, -as well as others whioh they had manufactured, in cluding a saw 'made frora a barrel hoop, they constructed a new schooner, which they called the Hope, arid launched with great difficulty, on 'account 'Of the sandy shore, on Se'ptem'ber 14. She was 45 feet in length on deck, 13 feet beam and had a draught of three feet. Though heavily ballasted she fell over twice, 'but was finally rigged. Captain HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 27 Pell then took 25 of the crew, leaving the others on the shore with the oil, and sailed for Honolulu, where he sold the Hope for $1,400, 'bought a, new vessel naraed the Dela ware in the name of Captain Nathan Durfee, of this cit^, returned to the island and took on board the remainder of his crew, and what was left of the oil, which had leaked badly through the neglect of the men who had been left with it. He then sailed for home, arriving here July .S, 1845. The ownership of the oil 'brought home was later determined by the courts, following clairas for salvage. Old City Hall CHAPTER V INCORPORATED A CITY The First Government. The Civil War and the Period of Rapid Growth to J880 Fall River became a oity, the eleventh in the Commoniwealth, in 1854, when its popula tion of 12,000 had grown itoo large for the old town system of government. This was the outgrowth of a town meeting held January 28, 1854, "to see what action, if any, the town will take in relation 'to obtaining a city charter." Chester W. Greene was moderator, and on motion of Josiah C. Blaisdell, amend ed by Richmond Davol, a committee was ap pointed consisting of John Westall, Foster Hooper, Nathaniel B. Borden, Israel Buffin ton, Eliab Williams, Samuel L. Thaxter and Louis Lapham, to prepare a, charter to be reported at an 'adjourned raeeting and peti tion the Legislature, on behalf of the citi zens, for its passage. On motion of Dr. Rob ert T. Davis t'he committee was instructed to report in print. Dr. Hooper was chairman of the commit tee, and 'at 'the 'adjourned meeting, four weeks later, its repont, with a few amend- m'©nts, 'was 'accepted. The charter, under the tiitle "An 'act esta/blishing the City of Fall River" 'passed the Legislature 'without opposi tion and was approved by 'the Governor April 12, 1854. It was accepted at a town 'meeting April 22 by a vote of 529 to 247, and with few changes was the instrument under which the city was 'governed till the adoption of a new chanter in 1902. The flrst city eileotion was held May 6, 1854, and resulted in the selection of James Buffinton as Mayor by 796 votes, to 387 for Foster Hooper, 64 for Nathan Durfee and 14 scattering. A City 'Council of six Aldermen and 18 Councilman was also elected, with James Henry, Edward P. Buffinton, Oliver H. Hathaway, Alvin S. Ballard, Edwin P. Shaw and Julius P. Champney the first members of the upper Board. The new govemment was inaugurated 'at the 'Oity Hall May 15, with prayer, followed by the administerin.g of the oath to the new officers and an address by Chester W. Greene, chairman of the select men, after which Mayor Buffinton delivered his inaugural address. The Mayor's salary W'as $500 a year, and each Alderman re ceived $50. ¦Mayor James Buffinton served two full years, and was sucoceeded late in 1856 'by Edward P. 'Buffinton, who had been appoint ed to flll out a vacancy caused by the Mayor's ©lection to Congress; in 1857 by Nathaniel B. Borden; in 1858 and 1859 by Josiah C. B'laisdell, and In 1860 again by Edward P. Buffinton, who remaiined 'in office till 1867. During the summer of 1854 this city, as well as m'any others 'throughout the country, suffered from the cholera. Though it did not reach here till the latter part of August, there had been two isolated oases 'prior 'to the general outbreak, but it was not till Thursday, August 24, that other cases re sulted. Jeremiah Holland died 'Of the disease on that day, and in spite of the advice of Father Murphy to the contrary, 'a "wake" 'was held in the evening. On Saturday a number of those W'ho had attended were taken ill, and by Sunday evening 15 bad died, not one of whom had survived the attack 24 hours. A wedding was another source of contagion and by Wednesday night there had been 36 deaths, mostly among the Irish. The follow ing week there were 32 more, including three Americans, and before the disease was stamped out early in October a total of abO'Ut 130 pB'rsons had suocu'm'bed, including the wife and daughter of Hon. N. B. Borden. In 1855 the city acquired 47 'acres of land as the beginning of Oak Grove 'Cem©t©ry, giv ing in 'part exchange 32 acres in the "'hill" section, extending from Main street east to the Highland road, on both sides of Lincoln avenue, which had been bought by the town for park purposes in 1853. The sale of the land was in accordance with a recommenda- HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 29 tion of Mayor Buffinton, who had said in his Inaugural that it was not what the citizens desired, for ;a park. The tract was disposed of at cost — $15,000 — ^and the cemetery land acqulired at $200 an acre. The wides'pread flnanoial 'Stringency of 1857 made itself greatly felt here. Nearly all the mills were stopped and the men and W'oraen thus thrown out of 'Work were forced to endure severe privations. On recommen dation of Mayor N. B. Borden the city in augurated additional public works, at a cosit of $9,475.80, on the poor farm, cemetery and highways, 'mainly to give employment to the poor, 'at 10 cents 'an, hour, and the com munity was divided into districts to be under the oare of committees of the citizens, a plan which worked well in relieving distress. To ward the end 'Of the year conditiO'ns im proved, and 'the hard times soon became lit tle more than 'a 'memory. About this time some of the inhabitants became di'S'Satisfied with the form of govern ment, 'and 'a petition signed by 56 influential citizens W'as presented to the authorities in January, 1858, asking that the charter be surrendered. A meeting to consider the prop osition was 'held, with an atte'Udance of about 400, b'Ut on 'the taking of a vote it was 'Shown that the majority in favor of continuing under the city form of government was about two to one, 'and the matter was dropped. Two ye'ars later, in 1860, the date of the annual municipal election was .changed from the first Monday in March, the time set in 'the charter, to the first Monday in De cember, and the municipal year W'as also modified 'SO 'that 'it began the first Monday in January, as at present, instead of the first M'onday in April. Th» date of the election was later changed to the Tuesday after the first Monday ,in December. The year 1860 also saw the establishment of the public li brary. The period just 'prior 'to the war 'was ncn table for the erection of the Union mill, in 1859, largely through the efforts of Hale Rem ington and David Anthony. This was the first corporation for the imanufacture of cot ton to be formed here, by 'men not closely allied with t'he older companies, like the Pall River Iron Works, the Manufactory and the Troy, 'and its isuccess led to the starting of numerous new mills within a few years and the rapid growth in the importance of the city. The Granite followed, in 1863; t'he Robeson, Tecumse'h, Merchants and Durfee in 1866; the Davol in 1867; the MechaJnics in 1868, and many ot'hers within the next deoade, including the King Philip, the first fine goods mill, in 1871. The steam railroad was extended to New port in 1863. The first train ran through to S'ton© iBridge on Novem'ber 15, and on the 20th the first trip was m'ade to Newport. In the same year the raJilroad from Warren to South S'om'©rset, where it connected with a ferryboat which -crossed to this city, was begun, but owing 'to the scarcity of labor, the high icost of materials and a severe winter, the first train was not run until May 22, 1865. Surveys for la road to Providence had been m'ade as early as 1835, but abandoned. A charter was secured prior to 1850, but al lowed to lapse. In Mardh, 1862, the boundary question, the subject of controversy for almost two hun dred years, was finally settled by 'the action of the United States Supreme Court. The early history of the matter, in'cluding the lay ing out in 1740 of the line that crossed South Main 'Street 'between Spring and Colum'bia and the attempt in 1791 to settle the disa greement between Massachusetts and Rhode Island, has already been traced. Following the effort made in the last-named year no action 'was taken, though the matter was almost constantly 'agitated, until 1844, when six commissioners, three from each State, were appointed, whose report was presented to the Legislature in 1848. Meantime, the town had in 1847 appainted a coramittee 'Con sisting of Orin Fowler, P. W. Leland and Foster Hooper, to present the town's side of the matter to the Legislature. It was argued that the line should have been started from a point 440 rods south of the Quequechan, measured in a straight line rather than around coves, as had formerly been done, and further, that the need of an undivided juris'dic'tion over the Ijhickly settled part of the comimtinity was urgent. The Legislature refused to ratify the report, and in 1852 the S'tates filed bills in equity in the Supreme C'ourt. An act of Congress was secured, 'pro viding for the establishment of 'a conven tional line between the States, and in 1860 the Supreme Court appointed engineers to mark a described line. This line was estab lished 'by the Court the following year, to go into effect in March, 1862. The State line was moved to its present location, and about two square miles were taken from ¦ Tiverton 'and added to Westport. In return the State of Massachusetts ceded to Rhode 30 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER Island Pawtucket and that part of Seekonk now known as East Providence. The new boundary brought into the city of Fall River the town of Fall River, R. I., of about nine square miles, with a population of 3,593 and taxable property of $1,948,378. That town had been set apart from Tiverton at the request of its inhabitants, who could easily outvote the other sections of Tiverton, by the Rhode Island General Assembly, Oc tober 6, 1850. The benefit of the annexation to the city was iramediate and important, and the rem'arkabie development of the sec tion since 1870 'has shown the wisdom of those who brought about its addition to the city and the debt the municipality owes to started from Twelfth street and continued into Westport to near the dwelling house of Charles H. Macomber, with a toll-house in Fall River -near Quarry street. It was made a public thoroughfare 'by the County Cora raissioners in 1865, on the payment of $7,000 to the owners. Of this sum $1,333.33 was paid by the city 'by order of the Aldermen Novem ber 30, 18C5, and $1,000 by Westport. The turnpike had been built in 1827 'at 'a cost ab'Out equal to what the county 'paid, by the Fall River and Watuppa Turnpike Corpora tion, and paid well till the opening of the railroad. N. B. Borden was president and .lames Ford secretary, fro«m 1829 until it was made public. The Old Buttonwood Tree them. The old buttonwood tree on South Main 'Street that fong marked the boundary, and on whioh Avery was 'hung in effigy, was cut down by the city April 9, 1S9C. The change 'in the boundary also brought into the city two turnpikes, which were soon after made public. One of these was the Watuppa Turnpike, owned by a stock com pany, now known as Pleasant street. It Another toll road ran from the corner of Chace and Bay streets, where the first toll house was located, nearly to Stone Bridge. It .was d'iscontinued on the building of the steam railroad fo Newport, and by vote of the Aldermen March 2, 1803, so much of it as lay within the limits of the city was made a public highway "so long as for public travel its free use is allowed." HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 31 The news of the firing on Port Sumter, April 12, 1861, was quickly followed by the issuing of a call for a public meeting of citi zens, which was held in the City 'Hall on April 19, with a 'large and enthusiastic at tendance. Hon. N. B. Borden, who read the call, iwas elected chairman and made the opening address, followed by Daniel Anthony, James Buffinton, Drs. Foster Hooper and Robert T. Davis, John Westall, Walter C. Durfee and others. Resolutions offered by Dr. Hooper were adopted, declaring that "the government of .the Union shall be sustained" and requesting the City Council to appropri ate $10,000 for the aid of volunteers and their families. Five days later the Council made the appropriation requested, providing that $15 for an outfit should be paid to each vol unteer and $15 a month for not more than three months for the support of his depend ents. Enlistments were meantime going on, and ap'plicati'On was made to Governor Andrew, the third in the Commonwealth, for permis sion to form military companies. The first two were Companies A and B of the 7flh Massachusetts, iwliich were mustered m June 11. A third company was formed, but it was decided not to muster it in at that time, 'and it was disbanded. The flrst Fall River soldier to fall was Nathaniel S. Gerry, a private in Com'pany A; the flrst commis sioned offlcer. Lieutenant Jesse D. Bullock, of the same regiment, from wounds received at Pair Oaks. When the President called for 300,000 more men, in 1862, another public meeting was held, July 11, at which a bounty of $100 for three years' enlistment was recom mended, and at a raeeting August 14, 1862, it 'Was resolved that "the patriotism of Mas sachusetts will sustain the government in putting down the rebellion at any cost of men and money." It was voted to raise money by subscription to add $100 to each soldier's bounty and to assist Rev. Elihu Grant in raising a company. September 1, 1862, the city government voted a bounty of $200 for each volunteer for nine months' ser vice. Rev. Mr. Grant, W'bo was pastor of the Brayton M. E. Church, had formerly been a student at West Point, and had little diffi culty in getting the 'men to form Company C, of 'the 'Third Regiraent, of which he was elected Captain. Andrew R. Wright was captain of Company D, also raised here at this time, and to these officers swords were presented 'at la meet'ing in Oity Hall Septem ber 9, 1802, to Mr. Grant by Rev. Thomas Holmes, -and to Mr. Wright by Rev. Charles A. Snow, afterward chaplain of the regiment. The two comipanies were escort'ed to the train by many citizens, and, as usual, there were tearful eyes and hasty farewells on the part of 'those left behind, but the men went away cheerfully and gladly. On their return June 17, 1803, they were greeted by a big crowd 'and escorted by the city govern ment and flre department through decorated streets to the City Hall, where a formal wel come was given, followed by a collation. The draft was several times delayed, but flnally took place in New 'Bedford July 22, 1863, when 1,404 names of Pall River citizens W'ere placed in a box and 405 drawn, of which John Sullivan was the flrst. The men drawn included 'bo'th members of one flrm here, Shaw ujilding has gone on without serious in- terruptiO'U, and with a marked tendency toward plants for the manufacture of flne goods, 'While various other large industries have been started and flourished. Streets and sewers have been greatly improved, the schools have reached a much higher effi ciency, a 'miOdern city charter has been adopted, the purity of the water supply pro tected .and the p'arks greatly improved. The City Hall has been burned and remodelled. Fall River Hospital the Armory, Public Library, Court House, textile school and B. 'M. C. Durfee high school, as well as many modern grammar school ibuildings erected, and the grade cross ings abolis'hed. !S.emi^public institutions 'have flourished and the Children's Home, the Boys' Club, the Y. M. C. A., Ste. Anne's Hospital and the Home for t'he Aged 'have occupied new and commodious quarters. Numerous churches, hospitals, orphanages and business blocks, have been erected and combined to make t'he present city a far better one than the Pall River of 1880. William 'S. Greene was the Mayor in 1880 and 1881, but was appointed postmaster in the latter year, and Robert Henry^was elect ed to fill out his term. During Mayor Greene's first year in offlce, the flrst paving was laid — a small section at the comer of South M'ain and Pleasant streets; $61,500 was expended on highways and the erection of the city stables 'begun. A draft of a new city charter, which had been urged for years, was m'ade and forwarded to the Legislature, but opposition developed and the matter was dropped. The office of city engineer was established, an'd Philip D. Borden, the pres ent incumbent, appointed March 7, 1881, hav ing been in .the 'City's service since 1873. New school buildings were erected on Stafford Road and Locust streets in 1881, and nearly two miles of curbing laid. Henry K. Braley, now a member of the Suipreme Court, was the 'head of the gov ernment in 1882 and 1883. In his first year Rock street was opened from Prospect to French, South Main paved from Pleasant to Morgan, and nearly a, mile of sewers built, including one in Pleasant street from Twelfth to the Merchants mill. In his sec ond term, 1883, electric street lighting was begun, street and sewer work continued, in cluding the paving of North Main from Cen tral to Locust, and the North Park set aside for park purposes. Hon. Milton Reed, who was the city's Chief Executive the following year, 1884, continued the 'paving of North Main from Locust to Cedar, and Franklin from North Main to Winter. The num'ber of electric lights was increased to 22, and three new schools, each of four rooms, erected on Covel and Brownell streets and Mount Hope avenue. John W. Cummings was elected Mayor in 1885, succeeded by William S. Greene in 38 HISTORY OF FALL RIVeR 1880 'and returned to 'the M'ayor's chair in 1887 and 1888. During this time Oity Hall was burned, wi'th heavy loss, 'and recon structed, 'Bedford street paved easterly from Main, in 1880; the flrst police matrons ap pointed, in 1887, and Sou'th Main street widened to 00 feet, from Pocasset to Ana wan. Large amounts were also expended on the extension of sewers, in'oluding $174,378 in 1885 alone. James P. Jackson succeeded Mr. Cummings in 1889 and 1890, and under his ad'ministration the police signal system was established. Pleasant street paved from Sec ond to Tenth; the Third street bridge con structed; a Board of Overseers of the Poor established, and an inspector of plumbing ap pointed. Meantime mill building had gone on and the city's population increased from 47,883 in 1870 to 74,918 in 1890, while the valuation bad advanced from $39,171,264 to $53,395,908. The street railroad had been built -and nu merous new corporations formed, including the B'arnaby, B'ourne, Conanicut, Cornell, Hargraves, Laurel Lake, .Seaconnet, Massa soit, Glob© Yarn and Kerr Thread. The flrst of the great mills of the Pall River Iron Works 'had been built in 1889, the Border City Manufacturing Com'pany had iiuilt a third mill, the Richard Borden a sec ond land the Wampanoag a large weave 'shed. The imposing 'high school building had been erected and dedicated to its noble purpose. Dr. John W. Coughlin beoame Mayor in 1891 and served four years. In his flrst term the fire district ordinance was amended: $100,000 expended on highways, including large sums for m'acadam'izing, $25,000 on pav ing and $50,000 on sewers. The next year — 1892— 'the highways received $141,927, Rod- raan street was paved from South Main to Second, Davol and Pleasant from Four teenth to Stafford Square. The police force was also largely increased. Further paving was done in Davol street in 1893, the Davol and Osborn schools completed and a num ber of other school buildings enlarged during his administration. The new city hospital was opened .luly 1, 1894, and a city dispen sary established on November 30. High ways, paving and sewers continued 'to receive generous 'attention. William S. Greene, who had already been t'hrice elected mayor, returned for a fourth term in 1895 and was in office till 1S98. In his flrst year, 1895, the public library and the armory buildings were authorized, the placing of wires underground in the center of the city begun, and the sale of six street car tickets for 25 cents secured from the street railroad as a condition on which it was allowed to cross Slade's Perry bridge. This period was also notable for the opening of Durfee from Pine to Central and of Bank from 'North Main to Green. The 'houses were renum'bered, th© Coughlin and William ConneU schools built and 'a reservoir com mission established to protect 'the purity of the water supply. $140,000 was appropri ated for highways, $25,000 for paving and $85,000 for sewers. In 1898 highways re ceived $131,503, and sewers $171,500. The new police building on Granite street was occupied, allowing a renovation of the old Central station. In 1897 a main sewer wa'= built in Globe street and seven miles of macadam constructed, including a long stretch on Highland avenue. Amos M. Jack son, mayor in 1898 and 1899, and John H. Abbott in 1900 and 1901, pushed forward similar public works along all lines. They were particularly active in urging the greatly-needed abolition of the grade cross ings, and their efforts were rewarded by the flling of the com'missioner's report on January 1, 1902. The movement for this work had been started un'd©r th© administra tion of Mayor Gre©n©, who spared no pains in working for it. Meantime mill building had gone on steadily, and with it the population had ad vanced from 74,918 in 1890 to 89,203 in 1895 and to 104,803 in 1900. In the 'same time the valuation had increased from $53,395,908 in 1890 to $05,238,178 in 1895 and $73,511,614 in 1900. Three more mills had been built by the Iron Works Co. in 1892, 1893 and 1895. The Stevens Mfg. Co. had been organized in 1892, the Sanford Spinning in 1891, the Parker in 1894 and the Arkwright in 1897, and existing corporations had raade large additions to their plants. Th© Granite, Te cumseh, Hargraves and Richard Borden had built new mills, and the King Philip, Chace, Shove, Seaconnet, Laurel Lake, Narragan sett, Stafford, Hargraves and Barnard had either extended existing buildings or erected large weave 'Siheds. The end of 'the century saw 3,042,472 spindles in operation here, nearly a million more than a deoade before. The Algonquin Print Works 'had also ibeen ' successfully established and the hat makins; industry, begun in a small way in 1887, had grown to large dimensiions. In spite of business depressions and labor troubles the number of inhabitants had in- HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 39 creased 20 per cent, during the decade, and in many other ways the oity had progressed. Electric street car service had been iifstall- ©d, lines built to Taunton, New Bedford and Newport and 'three handsome public build ings erected, the court house, library and armory. The Boys' Club and the Home For Aged People had 'moved into new and co.n- modlous quarters and new churches and so ciety buildings had r;,sen in various sections. On August 4, 1892, 'the city had been shocked by the news that Andrew J. Borden, an aged and wealthy citizen, and his wife, had been found murdered during the fore noon in their home on Second street near the center of the community. The promi nence of the parties and the mystery that surrounded their death caused widespread aiarm, and subsequent developments made the case one of the most notable of -its time and gave the city an undesired notoriety. The inquest was begun August 8, and three days later, Lizzie A. Borden, a daughter by a former wife, was arrested, charged with the 'murder. She was arraigned August 12 and her case continued to Aug. 22, when it was again adjourned till the 25bh. The hear ing was concluded Sept. 1, and the prisoner rera'anded to Tauntor. jail to await the ac tion of the grand jury. That body begar its investigation at Taunton, Nov. 15, and ad journed six days later, without reporting, to Dec. 1, when it voted on the matter and on the following day returned three indict ments against Lizzie A. Borden for .murder. She was arraigned in New 'Bedford May 8, and t'he trial begun in that city on June 5. It was concluded June 20, when the jury, after being out a little over an hour, returned a verdict of not guilty. District Attorney Knowlton and William H. Moody, now a raember of the President's cabinet, conduct ed the prosecution, and Ex-Gov. Robinson, Andrew J. Jennings and Arthur S. Phillips the 'defense. George Grime was mayor from 1902 to 1904, inclusive, and under his administration marked improvements were made. iMost of the grade crossing work was accomplished during 'this period, a park commission estab lished and the South and Ruggles parks greatly improved from the proceeds of spe cial loans. Electric street car sprinkling was begun, in 1902, a franchise grant©'! for the carrying of freight on the Dartmouth & Westport Street Railway and the city's in terests cared for in numerous hearings on the proposed n^.w bri'Ige across t'he Taunton river. Highway and sewer work was con tinued and other public improvements car ried forward. A most important change during this ad ministration was the adoption of a new city charter in 1902 to take the 'place of the 1854 charter, which while it had worked well for a community of 12,000, had long been out grown. Between 1870 and 1900 a new charter had been repeatedly urged but with out success, and the only changes had been by amendments of the original docum-ent. In 1901, however, a new charter along the lines of the present instrument, was drawn up by a committee of thirty citizens repre senting various political parties, occupations and races, of which Simeon B. 'Chase was chairman and J. S. B. Clarke secretary. It was passed by the Legislature at its next session, with some amendments, ap'provcd May 13, 1902, and Siccepted by the voters of this city at the state election Nov. 4, 1903. by a vote of 6,S';5 to 3,689. It went iuto eft'ect at the beginning of the municipal year the following January with George Grime, who had already served one term, the first mayor under the new instrument. The most important 'change was tne aljolishing of the double form of govern ment, with aidcrmeii and co;rmon couacil, and the giving of their powers to a new board of 27 'aldermen, three from each ward, two to be elected by the voters of the ward and on© by all the voters of t'he city. The terms of the aldermen, like that of the mayor, were made two years instead of one, and provision was made for the election of a part of the board each year. The mayor was relieved from 'presiding at the meetings of the aldermen and was made strictly an executive offlcer, with control over the vari ous city departments, except the schools and police. A flre commission was established and practically all the city official® wer© to be nominated by the mayor and approved by the aldermen. The terms of office of 4;He city clerk, auditor, treasurer, collector, super intendent of buildings, engineer, solicitor, surveyor of highways and superintendent of streets were made two years each; of the flre commissioners and board of health, three years. The city suffered severely through the six months' textile strike 'against a reduction in wages which began July 25, 1904, and threw about 30,000 operatives into idleness. The loss of wages and cons©qu©nt depression in trade here seriously affected the community. 40 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER and the census of May, 1905, showed a de crease, through removal, of 7,000 inhabitants during the year. The best of order was maintained throughout the struggle. Since the end of the difficulty steady employment has been offered, wages have been twice advanced, restoring the old scale, and many of those who left the city have returned, so that a census to-day should show at least 10,(100 inhabiitants. Four new mills have been built here since 1900, the Davis, Stevens No. 2, and Iron Works Nos. 5 and 7, the latter replacing the old Anav,'an, while the No. 0, the old Meta comet, has been remodelled and enlarged and other plant's have made considerable ad ditions, and the Algonquin Pi-inting Co. has erected the most important of the several buildings which compose its ^lant. The Y. M. C. A. building has been completed, Ste. Anne's hospital and the Textile school erect ed, the churches of Ste. Anne's and Notre Dame parishes 'practically finished, and sev eral modern business blocks erected about the centre, incluiding the Bennett and Dunn buildin'gs and the new home of the Daily Globe. A good araount of building is now under way, and includes the Sacred Heart Academy, Ste. Anne's rectory, the large ad dition to the Boys' Club, St. Mary's and St. Joseph's parochial schools, the 'Storehouse of the Iron Works Oo. and the new power plant of the Electric Light Co. The Rhode Island boundary line, which had been indefinite on account of its follow ing for part of its distance the uncertain high water line of South Watuppa and Saw- dy ponds, and the connecting streams, was adjusted on straight lines in 1899, following a survey of boundaries by commissioners ap pointed by the two States. The uncertainty of the line had offered opportunities for pei-plexing difficulties, in case of a crime near it, and a straight line was run, giving an equal division of territory. On the Tiverton line 140 acres were taken by Mass'a^ chusetts, which were annexed to Fall River by a legislative act in 1902. T'he abolition of the grade crossings on the main line of the Old Colony railroad within the city limits and the Providence branch, which had been begtin June 28, 1902, was com'pleted June 16, 1905, when the via duct connecting Central and Anawan streets was opened and the Pond street crossing closed. The petition of the aldermen for the work was signed July 10, 1894, and the first hearing before 'the commissioners held April 0, 1895. 'The total cost to Jan. 1, 1906, whioh will 'be materially increased when payments for property damages not yet ad justed are made, was $1,443,430.15, 'Shared by the railroad, state and city in the proportion of 65, 25 and 10 per cent, respectively. Nine crossings were abolished, two at 'Brownell street and one each at Lindsey and Ballard, Davol, Turner, Danforth, Ferry, Pond and Water streets. As 'a rule the streets were depressed and the tracks raised from noth ing to eight feet. The Fall River station was ©l©vated eight feet to meet the new conditions. The old Central street tunnel, built when the road was first constructed, was torn down and rebuilt in enlarged form. beven railroad bridges, counting one' re placed, were erected, and five highway bridges, including the viaduct, which is 637 feet long. The work was aocom'plished without the interruption of train service, and res'ulted in the removal of deaith-traps that had already cost a number of lives. Cilv Hall CHAPTER VII MAYOR JOHN T. COUGHLIN'S ADMINISTRATION Board ot Alderman 1906. Other City Officials The work of preparing this history forms a part of the history of the administration of Mayor John T. Coughlin. It was through the encouragement received from the Mayor and Aldermen that the compilers were enabled to overcome one of the most serious difficulties which confronted them at the outset of their undertaking. John T. 'Coughlin took office in January, 1905, with a Board of Aldermen largely op posed to him politically. After the organiza tion of the new government, with James Sin clair as president, relations between the ex ecutive and legislative departments began which were in marked contrast with the strife and bickering that prevailed following the adoption of the new charter. Mayor Coughlin respected the prerogatives of the Aldermen, and the board worked in har mony with the Executive. Consultations and conferences were frequent, and at no time did differences arise. Economy was the watchword, and there was a strict observ ance of the provisions of the city charter governing expenditures and obligations. The first year of the administration was without a notable incident, save for a mild controversy over the placing of poles in the North Watuppa Pond by the Old Colony Railway Company for the purpose of convey ing power from a station in Quincy to the lines in this city. A lease had been entered into by the members of the Reservoir Com mission with the corapany, because of the obstacles put in the way of the railway cor poration by owners of private land. The action of the commission resulted in the re peal of the ordinance by which it was cre ated and the devolution of its powers upon the Mayor, city engineer and Water Board. During the year the Mayor, acting in be half of the city, solved a problem which had vexed the municipality for a num'ber of years. An agreement was entered into with the Old Colony Railway Company whereby the expense of removing snow piled by plows in streets occupied by rails should be shared equally by the city and the company. A review of the Mayor's life appears in the biographical chapter of this work. The beginning of the second year of the Coughlin administration was attended with some changes in the personnel of the Alder men. Frederick Kendall gave way to Eu gene E. Sullivan; Ephraim C. Niles to Wil liam Booth; Frederick J. Gagnon to James H. Kay; William Burgess to John L. Shea; William Turner to Cha'rles Lavoie; Dr. Sam uel J. Kelly to Julian Hanson; L. Prank Malone to John T. Kenney ; Frank Patnaude to Archibald St. George. Mr. Sinclair was continued as president. The attitude of the Mayor towards his associates in the carry ing on of the government remained unal tered. Neither trenched upon the rights of the other. In consequence there was no Clashing. Business ideas predominated, and the hand of the grafter was nowhere visible. Altogether the two years during which Mayor Coughlin has been at the head of the city have been periods of progress and econ omy, satisfactory to the citizens, irrespective of party. The 'present Board of Aldermen was made up as follo.ws: At Large — Eugene E. Sullivan, Frederick Moore, Charles Lavoie, William Lomax, Julian 'Hanson, James T. Bagshaw, Alanson J. Abbe, Orlando Draper and Joseph Turner. Prom Wards — George Smith, William Booth, Robert L. Manley, James H. Kay, Joseph O'Regan, John L. Shea, James J. Sul livan, John T. Kenney, Edward F. Harring ton, Cornelius Kelly, Silfred B. L. Pouliot, Archibald St. George, James 'Sinclair, George P. Johnson, Prank S. Almy, John S. H. Lan- nigan, William B. Ling and William Westell. Members of Hoard of Aldermen t First. Second and Third Wards. Firit Ward— Gcoffire Smith, Second Ward— Robert L, Manley, Third Ward— Joseph O'Reagan, William Booth, Frederick Moore, John L, Shea, Eugene E. Sullivan. James H, Kay. Charles Lavoie. Members of Board of Aldermen j Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Wards. Fourth Ward — Alder man -at-Large, William Lomax, James J. SuUivan, Fifth Ward— Alderman-at-Large, Julian Hanson, Cornelius Kelly, Sixth Ward — Archibald St. George, James T. Bagshaw, John T. Kenny, Edward F. Harrington. Leonidas Pouliott. Members of Board of Afdermen : Seventh, Eighth and Ninth Wards. Seventh Ward— Hon, James Sinclair, Prest. Eighth Ward— Orlando Draper, Ninth Ward— Joseph Turner, Allanson J. Abbe, Vice-Prest. Frank S. Afmy, William Westell, George T. Johnson. John H. S. Lannigan. William B. Ling. CHAPTER VIII FALL RIVER TO-DAY Its Attractive Situation and Advantages. Bright Prospect for the Future. Fine Water Works System Pall River to-day is a thriving community of 110,000 people, industrious and energetic, lacing the future with confidence in the greater days that are to come. It is most 'at tractively situated on granite-ribbed hills on the easterly shores of Mt. Hope Bay, an arm of Narragansett Bay, but 20 miles frora the open sea, and is blessed with mild win ters and cool breezes in summer, while across t'he bay a most beautiful view of rich farming lands, interspersed with rivers, is unfolded to refresh the eye, and in the dis tance Mt. Hope, the home of King Philip, the Indian chieftain, rises in silent majesty. Had it not been a manufacturing comraunity. Pall River might have become one of the most popular sum'mer resorts on the Atlantic coast, for nature has richly endowed it with beautiful surraundings. The water power that is developed by the stream from which the city takes its name, however, early turned the minds of its citi zens to its value in the production of wealth, and one after another great mills have risen, first on the river and then in other sections till noiw the city is the foremost center of cotton manufacturing in the new 'world, with 3,300,000' spindles, employing 35,000 hands and using annually more than 400,000 bales of cotton. These factories represent an in vestment of $40,000,000 at a moderate esti mate, and are very largely owned by thou sands of stockholders resident in the city. They 'produce a billion yards of cloth in a year, or nearly 1,900 miles for every working day, with a product ranging from the coars est cotton goods, such as shoe linings, to the flnest lawns and ginghams, wi'th a marked tendency toward the finer goods that is growing stronger each year. The city also has extensive plants for the production of Marseilles quilts, comforters, cotton for surgical use and scores of other purposes. With the mills for manufacturing cotton cloths have risen great establishments for bleaching and printing the product, machine and 'belt shops 'and various 'smaller industries to 'Supply the needs of the factories. There have also grown up large plants for the manufacture of hats and thread, and many smaller industries, like piano making and the manufacture of braid, are making a 'Start and promise to develop into large factories. The city's population is cosmopolitan and the people quick to learn new duties to which they may be called. Exceptional advantages lor the shipment of goods by water are offered through the safe and broad harbor, deep enough for the large vessels. Three lines to New York, the famous Pall River Line of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company, the more recent Enterprise Transportation Company and the Joy Steamship Line, fur nish daily comraunication with the metropo lis. Steamers of the Dyer Transportation Company make daily trips to Providence and the Winsor Line ships sail three times a week to Philadelphia. Pall River is a port of entry, and in point of tonnage regis tered the seventh in importance on the At lantic coast. Its railroad facilities are excellent, iwith large freight yards conveniently situated and lines of the Old Colony Railroad, now leased by the New York, New Haven and Hartford, radiating in four directions, with frequent and comfortable trains. The Providence line ihas been equipped with electricity, and trains on that road are run practically every half hour. All the grade crossings on the main line within the city limits have been abolished. Electric street cars run to 'all sections of the city, with six tickets for 25 cents, and a gen eral transfer system. Lines have also been built to Providence, Taunton, New Bedford and Newport, and on two of these — those to Main Staircase and Entrance to City Hall New AWefmanic Chamber, Citr- Hall 48 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER Providence and New Bedford — au electric freight service 'has been inaugurated. The city has 138 miles of public streets, many of the'm paved and macadamized, large and efficient fire and police departments and 06 miles of sewers. Its schools are of the high standard required in all Mas'sachusetts municipalities, with modern and adequate buildings and corapetent teachers. A splen didly quipped textile school 'has been erected and has a growing attendance. The public library has 70,000 volumes and is housed in a new and convenient structure. An excel lent beginning has been made in the de velopment of 'a park system, which now oom- prises 100 acres. Pure water in abundance is supplied from a lake running parallel to the bay two miles from the shore. The valu ation of the city. May 1, 1905, was $81,754,- 247. The 'tax rate 'that year was $18.80 a thousand. The total area of the municipality is 41 square miles, with an extreme length of 11 and extreme width of 7V2 miles. It is the fourth city in the Commonwealth in area, the sixth in valuation and the 'third in popula tion. FO'Ur national banks, a trust company, four savings banks, and the same number of co- operaWve banks furnish facilities for the transaction of business. While hotels, clubs, lodges, 'Churches and theatres supply other needs. There is a large Young Men's Chris tian Association, with a new and well equipped home, a model Boys' Club, a Home for 'the Aged and various hospitals and or phanages. Three daily newspapers are pub lished here in the English language and one iu Prench. While the population is to a large extent that usually found in manufacturing centres, the character of the residences is better than wihat is commonly expected. The 'mill blocks for the operatives are no longer built and those alre'ady standing are giving way to more comfortable and attractive 'dwell ings. The number of citizens of moderate means is large and constantly increasing, though with but few rich citizens, and with in the last quarter century hundreds of dwell ings that would be a credit to any comm'u- nity have been erected and whole sections of the city have put on an 'air of prosperity and comfort that is a continuial surprise to visitors who have seen but one side of the life 'here. This, with the healthful and at tractive situation, the pleasant drives, the improvement in the stores and the easy means of access to larger cities, is making Pall River ©ach year more and more a resi dential city. The imarvellous growth of the city since the civil war, from 17,000 to 110,000, a gain of, roughly, 550 per cent, in 40 years, has not until recent years allowed the 'develop ment along some lines to as full a degree 'as desired. Large expenditures for schools, sewers, water works and fire 'and police de partments have been absolutely necessary, and other public works, though they have received attention, 'have not been carried for ward so rapidly as could be wished. Within the last few years these have 'been enabled to 'be pushed with more vigor, and parks, streets and sidewalks are now in a fair way to be brought to a higher standard. The community has suffered severely through labor troubles and depressions in its chief indU'Stry, but has met these bravely and has risen from each stronger than be fore. The spirit of the men who have made Fall River what it is still lives, in unabated vigO'r, and can be trusted to carry the city steadily on to greater and greater prosperity. A population of 150,000 fifteen years hence is not .too much to expect; it is practically no larger gain in residents than 'has been made during the fifteen years just past. Every one iwho has the community's inter ests at heart confidently believes that the best is yet to be and will 'do his utmost to bring it to pass. The excellent water works system is just ly one of the sources of pride on the part of the citizens. The source of supply is the beautiful North Watuppa Lake, within two miles of the centre of the city. With an area of 2.821 square miles, at an elevation above tide water of 129.42 feet and a watershed of 8.623 square 'miles. The water is re markably pure, and in recent years steps have been taken to preserve it from contami nation by the purchase of land surrounding the pond. The lake is fed almost entirely from its watershed and small streams which collect the water from the surrounding hills. The North Watuppa will undoubtedly furniS'h an 'adequate supply for years to come, tout if with the growth of the city an additional source is needed, the adjoining South Watup'pa can 'be drawn upon. The two lakes, separated by a dam at the Nar rows, are 7 2-3 miles in length, with an average width of three-quarters of a mile and a total watershed of 27.54 square miles. They are capable of furnishing 'a daily water supply of 35,000,000 gallons, or about C'lght Old Aldermanic Chamber, City HaU 50 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER times (the average daily amount pumped in 1905, while the North Pond alone will fur- nis'h nearly ithree times the present con- sum'ption. Other ponds farther south are also available if a greater supply s'honld be come desirable. All have their outlet in the Q'Uequechan River, running through the cen tre of the city to the 'bay, which furnis'hed the water power used by the early mills and still runs some water wheels in addition to supplying a, large amount of water for tlie boilers of various factories and the use of the Ameijican Printing Company. The water works were built in 1873 to re place t'he wells which were in general use throughoiit the city, and especially in the more densely populated section, as well as to provide more adequate facilities for fighting fire. An | analysis of the water of the lake had been made in 1870, which showed that it was unusikally pure, with only 1.80 grains of solid matter to the gallon. The flrst board of water com'missioners, consisting of Philip D. Borden, Will|am Lindsey and Joseph A. Bowen, was elected by the city in the spring of 1871, and in .the fall of the same year work was begun upon a road which it was necessary to construct for nearly a mile 'and a half to give access to the site selected for a pumiping station at the easterly end of Bedford street. The foundations for the engine-)ho4se, boiler-house and coal-house were bunt in 1872, and the superstructure corapleted the following year, of granite quarried in the immediate vicinity. A gran ite tower, containing two standpipes, one for low-servic4, 48 feet 'above the highest point of the maii pipe, and one for high service, 88 feet above the top of the 'high pressure pipe, was also erected. It has a base 21 feet square and a 'total height of 121 feet. A bal cony on the outside -of the structure, at a. height of 72 feet above the base and 324 feet above sea • level, gives la corara'anding view of the surrounding country. The flrst engine was built in 1873 by the Boston Machine Company and pumped the first water through the pipes to the city in December, though not for general use till Jan uary 8, 1874, taking its supply from the gate house in the pond, 225 feet from s'hore 'and ten feet below high water m'ark. Other en gines have since 'been added, so that the station now has five running divisions avail able, with a capacity of 18,000,000 gallons in 24 hours, divided among 'the three pumps, as follows: The Worthington, built in 1875, a 5,000,000 engine; the Davidson, No. 1, con structed in 1883, of 5,000,000 capacity, which consists of two 2,500,000 engines, and the No 2 Davidson, dating from 1895, which can also be run in 'halves, wi'th a united capacity of 8,000,000 gallons. All are in good condi tion, and are run by four boilers, housed in two separate Tocalities, 'thus diminishing the probabilities of a crippling accident to a large extent. The first pipes were laid at the time of the construction of the pura'ping station, and by 'September 1, 1876, amounted to 45.13 miles, of from 6 to 24 inches. These have been extended 'from year to year, with 15,243 feet laid in 1905, giving a total length on January 1, 1906, of 100 miles. The hydrant system has also been extended, with 39 new hydrants erected in 1905, giving a total at the beginning of this year of 1,130. There are 91 watering posts and 21 watering troughs. The tank system had its inception in 1886, when the first tank was erected on Town- send Hill. In 1892 the second tank was built near the stand pipe 'tower on Bedford street, and five years later the Haskell 'Street tank was erected. The capacity of the tank in the southern part of the city ('Townsend Hill) is 1,161,448 gallons; that of the tank in the eastern section (Bedford street) is 1,389,976 gallons; and the one in the northern district (Haskell street) supplies 1,365,153 gallons. The united capacities are 3,916,577 gallons. Excellent results have followed the intro duction of the tank system, as shown in the more even pressure, the better maintained head, and the reserve supply at hand for sudden demands such as might 'be mdde in case of fires or other occasions calling for a large immediate draught from the mains. The average pressure is 80 pounds to the inch. The total cost of construction to December 31, 1905, was $2,057,624.90, of which $25,- 206.69 was expended in 1905; the total ex pense of maintenance to the same date was $4,014,058.64, of which $129,490.09 was for 1905; and tbe total revenue $3,970,576.12, of which $180,191.27 was received in 1905. The expenditures in 1905 included $23,507.26 for extensions, $34,938.50 used by the reservoir commission in the purchase of land to protect the purity of the water, and $86,717.- 50' paid for interest. The excess of revenue over the cost of maintenance in 1905 was $50,70L18. The funds for the building of the system were provided by 'the issuance of bonds, and were supplemented by city appropriations HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 5J from 1875 to 1897, inclusive, amounting in all to $773,800. The gross bonded debt Janu ary 1, 1906, was $1,650,000, the value oT the sinking fund $588,544.42 and the net debt $1,061,455.58. Of the bonded debt $200,000 is the reservoir loan. T'he average rate of in terest is 4.37 per cent. A total 'Of $325,000 was paid in 1905 from the sinking fund for 'a reduction of the debt. In 1904, $125,000' was paid for the reduction on the debt from the accumulated earningis. The department has been on a paying basis since 1897, and the sinking funds will take care of the debt from now on. The total number of gallons of water pumped in 1905 was 1,608,651,704; the aver age daily consumpition, 4,407,265, and the which 933 favored the project and, 89 op posed. George A. Briggs was engaged as chief engineer, William Rotch as assistant and James P. Kirkwood as consulting en gineer, and the 'work progressed as noted above. Charles H. Churchill was the first clerk of the board and water registrar, and was succeeded Pebruary 10, 1879, by Wniiam W. Robertson, 'the present clerk and regis trar, who had previously been his assistant. Caleb C. Potter and J. W. Milne have been clerks since March 1, 1879, and M'arch 18, 1883, respectively. Patrick Kieran, the su perintendent, has 'been connected with the department 'Since March 1, 1872, when he was appointed superintendent of pipe laying. He became superintendent of the department South Park, View of the Wadinjr Pool average to each inhabitant per day 41.34 gal lons. The number of meters in use January 1, 1906, was 7,523. The water works had been urged for years before actual work 'was begun, but the first steps were not taken until a few days after Mayor Samuel M. BrO'wn's inaugural in 1870, in which he urged the necessity of action. A committee was appointed shortly after this, and on November 29, 1S70, 48 acres at the head of Bedford street were purchased. W. J. M'cAlpine, a civil engineer, was engaged to make a report on the mat ter and prepare plans, and on March 23, 1871, 'the Legislature authorized the work when approved by a 'majority of the voters. This was obtained at 'an election April 10, at on May 10, 1886. His predecessors in that office were Messrs. Briggs, Rotch, Will iam Carr, Jr., and A. H. Martine. The office of the department was in City Hall until Jiuily 23, 1900, when it was removed to 'a new building on Third street, where the rep'air shops are also situated. The present board consists of William Biltcliffe, president; Joseph Walters and Daniel J. Sullivan. The purity 'Of the water in the ponds has been largely protected by the purchase by the city of land on its shores under the direction of the Reservoir 'Comm'ission, and further purchases are 'constantly being made. The commission 'was established under a city ordinance passed on April 25, 1895, and the first board, appointed by Mayor Greene 52 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER on that date, organized on June 10. It con sisted of Jeremiah R. Leary, Samuel Watson, George H. Eddy and the Mayor and city engineer, ex-officio, and it at once proceeded to make an investigation of the watershed of the North Watuppa and the streams flowing into it as to the 'danger of contamination. In view of the fact that the legislative act giv ing the city the right to condemn land on the shore of the pond in the town of West- port to two years, a beginning was made there. Efforts to purchase the land desired were unsuccessful, and on March 7, 1896, the commission condemned the land needed, 64 1-7 acres, all of which 'has been settled for. The next section to be taken was on the westerly shores of the pond, within the city caused arose, and an exhaustive stufly of the capacity of the ponds, the amount of the discharge of tihe streams, the extent and character of the waiters'hed of the North 'and South Watuppa, the evaporation, rainfall and flow of the iNorth into the South pond was imade by the city engineer, with Arthur T. Safford of Lowell, consulting engineer. Measurem'ents were carried on continuously from January 1, 1899, to December 31, 1901, and an extended and valuable report, with recommendations, Tvas made in 1902. The commission was abolished by city ordinance J'une 5, 1905, and its d'Uities de volved on a new board consisting of the three members of the water board and the Mayor and city engineer, ex-officio. Up to Ruggles Park, from the corner of Pine and Seabury Streets limits, where the same method was pursued, and on April 3, 1897, a strip extending back from the shore from 200 to 700 feet, with an average width of 'about 400 feet, and running from land of the Crystal Ice Company to the New Boston road, was taken. In tie following December a further condemnation was miade of "all the Islands in the North Watuppa Pond . . . The whole of said pond below High Water Line of said pond. . . . Also all the water of said pond and the land under said pond." As it appeared possible that it might be necessary to divert certain streams empty ing into the 'pond, the question of the result of the diversion and the possibility of replac ing from other sources any deficiency May 10, 1906, the total amount of land ac quired was 2,746.95 acres, at a cost of $213,- 035.85, which had been met partly by loans and partly from the revenues of the water department. By city ordinance all further purchases are to be made from the water works funds. The commission has in all cases purchased the land it desired insfead of prohibiting its ¦use, as has been done in some other cities. The 'City's park system consists of three parks of nearly 100 acres, of which about 75 have been improved, and three small tracts known as Durfee Green, Cambridge Green and Eastern 'avenue. Since the appointment of a park commission by Mayor Grime, in 1902, a notable advance has been made in HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 53 the development of these lands, with the aid of loans aggregating $182,000, and though much yet remains to be done, the parks are now very creditable to the city, and when completed in accordance with plans already formulated will do much toward its adorn ment and attractiveness. The largest of the three principal parks, the South Park, comprises 60 acres, lying be tween South Main street, Bradford avenue and Middle street, and extending westward to the bay. It was purchased in 1868, and in 1871 was laid out from South Main street to Broadway, but the remainder was left un touched. The North Park, of 29 acres, was originally a part of the city farm and was set aside for 'park purposes in 1883, but prac- of Brookline, were secured as architects of the local park system, and the improvements that followed were in accordance with his plans. During the summer the regrading and gen eral improvement of the South Park was carried on, and 'four lots adjoining the park on the north and 'bordering on the bay were purchased. The eastern section was com pleted 'the following year and 'work on the tract between Broadway and Bay streets be gun. Buggies P'ark was graded, turfed and made to assume its present attractive ap pearance. In 1904 work was started on the North Park, which also required extensive grading, and the western half completed the following year. The smaller parks also re ceived attention. North Park, View across Wading Pool, showing a portion of the Running Track and the location of an Out-door Gymnasium tically nothing was done for its development till 1904. It is in the northern part ot 'the oity, between Highland avenue on the east. North Main and High streets on the west. Hood street on the north and Brownell street and President avenue on the south. The new board took oath of office on May 5, 1902, and organized with Mr. Small as chairman and Mr. Doherty secretary. The control of the public cemeteries, which had formerly been in the hands of a committee of the City Council, had fallen to the new Doard under an act approved April 1, 1902, and Charles Smith, then acting as superin tendent of Oak Grove Cemetery, was elected superintendent of parks and cemeteries. The flrm of Olmsted Bros., landscape architects. Ruggles Park, named for park purposes June 10, 1895, was part of a 'tract of 12 acres purchased in April, 1868, which was reduced by the cutting through of Pine and Seabury streets. It was formerly part of the Rodman farm, known as Ruggles Grove, Whence the name. It lies between Seabury, Pine and Locust streets, contains 8.6 acres and was waste land, used for a dump until the sum mer of 1903. Durfee Green and Cambridge Green are small, triangular tracts, of 23 and 14 rods, respectively, at the intersection of streets, and "Eastern avenue" consists of two strips of a width of about 10' feet, (sep arated by a path, and in the centre of East ern avenue. It Is about 1,450 feet in length. As has 'been said, very little had been done 54 HISTORY OF FALL RTVER for any of these tracts, except for the east ern section of the South Park, prior to the appointment of commissioners in 1902. This was in accordance with the decisive vote of the citizens at the municipal election in December of the previous year, when, by a vote of 6.563 to 1,519 they had accepted 'the State law authorizing a commission to lay out public iparks. The appointraent of thfe members of the board was made by iMayor Grime April 14, 1902, with Richard H. Cook, Edward A. Doherty, Reuben C. Small, Jr., Charles R. Danielson and Matthew A. Mc- Clarence, commissioners for terms ranging from five years in the case of Mr. Cook to one year for Mr. McClarence. The work al ready done in grading, the construction of for interment; the small Oak Tree Ceme tery adjoining, and Oak Grove Cemetery, for which 47 acres were purchased in 1855, and Which has been enlarged by various pur chases since that time. There is one important natural curiosity — the rolling rock, on County street. This is a boulder of coarse conglomerate, though the ledge on which it rests is of granite, showing that it was brought 'here by diluvial action. It has a horizontal circumference of 58 feet, with a thickness of eight feet, and is of an estimated weight of 140 tons. It was so nicely balanced that until recent years, when it became blocked up, it could be moved per ceptibly 'With one hand, and by using both hands the top could be made to oscillate two South Park, View Showing the Effect of Shrubbery Grouping playgrounds 'and walks and the planting of shrubbery has won general commendation, as well as a sense of indebtedness to R. E. Small, Jr., and Edward A. Doherty, the first chairman and secretary of the board, respec tively, who were untiring in their efforts to make the parks worthy of the city. Mr. Doherty resigned on his appointment as an assessor in 1903, and was succeeded by Thoraa.3 J. Madden. Howard Lothrop, who had been resident engineer, 'has been super intendent since 1904, The three cemeteries that come under the control of the Park Coraimission -and which are being gradually improved, 'are the North Burial Ground on North Main street, 'pur chased in 1825, and long the principal place or three inches. In old bounds the rock is referred to as "The Goose-nesting Rock." The present City Hall, of Pall River granite, was erected in Market Square in 1845-46 at an expense of $65,000, and was considered 'a model for its time. It had a town lockup in the basement, a market on the flrst floor and a large hall, with offiices in front on the second. With the growth of the city more office accommodation was de sired, and in 1872-73 it was entirely rebiiilt, with the 'addition of a m'ansard roof, tower, clock, etc., at a cost of $200,000. On March 19, 1886, the roof land interior were de stroyed, leaving only the walls. It was at once reconstructed in its 'present form, at an expense of about $300,000. HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 55 The puiblic sewers January 1, 1906, amounted to 65.94 miles, nearly all of which had been built within a generation and in many cases at heavy cost on account of the granite ledges encountered. The flrst sewer here had been built in 1857, in Spring and Washington streets, and was, like most of the early sewers, intended primarily to carry off surface water, but so constructed that it W'as easily adapted to the present system. Another was built in Odd street in 1858, to take water from French's hill. The Central street sewer, to c^re for water from that street, followed in 1859, connecting with gut ters Instead of allowing the water to flow into docks, which the sand had been filling up. Culverts in Pleasant street, near Third, also for surface water, were built in 1860, and in 1804 various short sewers along the harbor front to carry water under the rail road tracks, which had then been extended to Newport. In the early 70's some sewers began to be constructed in more thickly pop ulated sections, and in 1873 Phineas Ball, a civil engineer, was employed to prepare a system of sewerage, which was accepted and has been generally followed. The real be ginning in sewer construction was made the following year, when 9,329 feet were (built at a cost of $70,352. Since then it has been P'UiShed as rapidly as the city's finances al lowed. I South Park, View of the Wading Pool, looking North CHAPTER IX EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES Growth and Efficiency of the Modern School System. The Public Library The school system of Pall River is one in whidh the citizens justly take pride. The city was the first in the State to establish the free text 'book system, thus making its sch'ools free in every sense of the word, and that is noted for its high standard in educa tion. The last annual report of the superintend ent showed 15,926 children enrolled in the day schools and 3,526 in the evening schools. Everett B. Durfee, Superintendent of Schools it also furnished manual training in its high school years before it was required by State law. During the last half century the schools have steadily advanced under wise and progressive guidance, with liberal appro priations from the city government, till now they are among the best in a commonwealth The number of schoolhouses was 53, with 16,847 sittings. There were 291 separate schools — one high, 59 grammar, 70 interme diate, 155 primary, three ungraded and three kindergartens. The whole number of teach ers employed was 451, 25 of whom were in the high school, S3 grammar, 81 intermediate HISTORY OF FALL RIVER ^1 and 198 primary. The number employed in evening schools was 146. The total expense of the department for the year end ing December 31, 1905, was $364,048.47, of whioh $82,951.47 was expended 'by the public b'Uildings department for repairs, fuel, jani tors, etc. Though since 1850 the city has had public schools 'that it has every reason to be proud of, the public educational facilities here prior to that date 'appear to have nothing to boast of. The present and past are compared con cisely in a school report of 1869, in which it is asserted that the oharaoter of the schools had changed from those of low grade for ohi'Idren of parents unable to patronize pri vate institutions, to the schools of the whole people, rich and poor alike, while "instead of rude, 'Cheap buildings, upon land valueless for other purposes, costly edifices furnished with every convenience are erected upon the most beautiful sites that can be selected." The N. B. Borden School The extent to which the private school fiourished here is indicated by the fact that in 1826 there were 14 private Institutions and 12 public. The latter were 'under the super vision of 'a general school committee of three, elected 'at the annual town meeting, but the active control was largely in the hands of the school districts into which the town (had been divided in 1818, originally nine, but later increased to 14. The district system was retained until 1864, though' the committee had urged its abolishment for years before such action was taken. The system had many faults, for while it worked fairly well in the more thickly populated sec tions, which were able to erect good build ings and provide competent teachers, in the country, where the population was more scattered, there were few pupils and the schoolhouses the citizens were willing to assess themselves to build were often unfit for the purpose. There was a tendency, too, to hire teachers at the lowest possible rates, without much regard for competency, and di'ssens'ions among the members of the dis trict also contributed to demoraliza'tion. The reports of the school committee in the 40's bear repeated condemnation of the schoolhouses in the country districts, which are declared to be far better fitted for pig sties or barns than for schools. The re port of 1847 says of one school, kept in the bedroom of a dwelling, that the room "does not exceed 8x12, while the school numbered 17, making a tight fit when the teacher was aaded." The earliest school report available is that of 1842, which, like those that follow, strong ly condemns the condition of some of the buildings, the lack of maps, blackboards and other apparatus, and the poor and irregular attendance. Discipline was poor, and there are 'hints at rebellions in some of the" tem ples of learning. But one school had a bell, and it is suggested that arrangements be made to have the Pocasset mill bell rung at school times. Women teachers were em ployed in the summer, at $10.25 a month in 1846, while men in the winter term received J62.50. The committee com'plain of inade quate 'Compensation — ^$49.91 to be divided among three for a year's service. State afd was still being received — $448.55 in 1848, when the town appropriation was $8,600. .4n evening school was established this year, 1848, and a high school in 1849. A special school for factory children was s-tarted in 1862 and in 1865 the almshouse was made the place for the detention and instruction cf truants, where they remained till the union truant school was established in 1890. The annexation of Fall River, R. I., in 1862, brought in a number of additional buildings. Some notice of the location of the early schoolhouses in the better populated sec tions may be 'Of interest. A map of 1812 shows three houses, one in Tiverton at the corner of South Main and Hamlet, one at the corner of North M'ain and Prospect, and one at Steep Brook. The "green schiool- house" on the north side of Franklin, be tween Winter and Rock, was erected in 1832. The Anawan street school was estab lished two years later in the remodelled Con gregational Church. This was burned in the fire of 1843, and t'he present structure, then regarded 'as a model building, erected. In speaking of the grammar room in this build ing in 1848, the committee says it is "prob- 58 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER ably the raost perfect school room in Bristol County, .and your committee doubt if it has many supe'riors in our S'tate." The High street school was opened in 1845, in a sm'all building on Franklin street, till the old High street, or Lincoln school, was completed soon after. This had 'double desks, changed to single in 1855. The June street school was 'built in 1849, and the Maple street in 1855 and dedicated December 27 of that year. The Columbia street building had been occupied in 1852. Other schools were on Canal and Bedford streets and Town ave nue. A most important forward step was taken in 1865, when a school superintendent was elected in accordance with an ordinance passed M'arch 20. Rev. Daniel W. Stevens, a graduate of Harvard College, 'was the first superintendent and began his duties at the opening of the fall term, when the mem'bers of the conrmittee, who had this year 'been increased from six to nine, ceased to receive The Davenport School compensation, in accordance with the State law. The meetings of the board were held in the Aldermianic chamber, but soon after removed to offices fltted up in the old engine house on Rock and Franklin streets. Mr. Stevens devoted himself to the improvement of the attendance, then about the lowest in the State in proportion to the num'ber of legal pupils, and also to the installation of maps, blackboards and other needed articles in the schools. The flrst 'truant officer was appointed in 1866, and modern furniture placed in isome buildings the following year. Mr. Stevens was 'succeeded in 1866 by M'al- colm W. Tewksbury, and in 1872 by William ConneU, wiho remained in office tlH 'his death, June 23, 1894. The rapid growth of the city in the years following 'the Civil War necessitated the con struction of numerous new schoolhouses to acoomimodate the increased nurabers of pu pils. The Morgan school, the first of the large buildings, was erected and occupied at the commencement of the summer term, in 1868, the Bedford street school (the Brown), the ItO'beson, on Coliumbia street, and the Borden, on Brownell street, were begun in i870, 'the Davis, Slade and Davenport, fol lowed in 1873-76, and the Tucker street. Bor der City, Pleasant 'Street, Danforth street and Lindsey street buildings prior to 1880. The Broadway 'building was occupied in 1881 and the Linden and Cambridge street houses erected. The Ferry Lane was enlarged in 1882, and the halls in the Border City, Slade and Davis divided into school rooras. The Mount Hope 'avenue, Covel street and Brown ell followed in 1884. Meantime other matters of interest were taking place. The high school had 'been established iby a town meeting vote in April, 1849, when $1,500 was appropriated for its support, and it opened May 10 of that year iri 'the private school building of 'George B. Stone, the first principal, on the south side of Franklin street, a little cast of Oak. Schools of this kind were of comparatively recent growth, and prior to 1837, when Bal timore established one, there had been none in the United States outside of Massachu setts. [New York acted in the same year as Fall River, but though girls were instructed here from the 'first, Boston had no high school for thera till 1853 and New York none till 1870. The school 'was removed to 'the present Foster Hooper building, erected for it, in 1852, occupying at first only the upper floor. The lower room was added in 1808, when the teaching of French was begun and a three years' English 'Course inaugurated. Admission was then solely by examination. The building was later enlarged, and for 'a num'ber of years t'he' first year classes were held in the Davenport building. The problem of housing the high school 'PU'pils had grown serious, when in 1882 Mrs. Mary B. Young offered to 'build the present B. M. C. Diwfee high school in memory of her is'on. The generous 'proposition was ac cepted and the beautiful s'tructure was be gun in 1883 and dedicated June 15, 1887. The building oocupies a coimimanding situation in the midst of large grounds 'and is of granite in the modern 'Renaissance style. It has a total length of 253 feet, with a greatest width of 90 feet, and has two towers, one an ob- HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 59 servatory, with telescope, and the other a clock tower, with chimes. It is fireproof, with numerous 'Schoolrooms, chemical and physical laboratories, gymnasium and drill halls, a large auditorium, manual training rooms, library, offlces, etc., and has an en dowment of $50,000, the gift of Mrs. Young. It was occupied in the fall of 1887. These men have been principals of the high school: George B. Stone, 1849-55; James B. Pearson, 1855-58; Charles B. Goff, 1858-64; Albion K. Slade, 1864-74; William H. Lam'bert, 1874-79; W. T. Leonard, 1879- 85; William 'H. Lambert, 1885-90; R. T. Leighton, 1890-92; 'Charles C. Ramsay, 1892- 1902; George P. Pope, since 1902. The fact that this city was the flrst to give free text books, thus making its pub lic schools free in every sense of the word, is justly a source of considerable pride. The change was made gradually, beginning in Plymouth Avenue School April, 1874, following the passage 'by the Legislature the previous year of a permis sive act. Prior ia that time the law had al lowed the supplying of books 'to children of indigent parents, 'but this had never worked well, as it tended to caste feeling. The change to t'he free 'book system involved an expense of $11,000 the flrst year, but after that the cost fell to 'abouit $5,000 a year. It had beneflcial effects in the relief of the poor, the saving in cost, the prompt supply of books when needed, and an increased at tendance. The State law requiring free books did not go into effect till August, 1884. A beginning of a training school was made in the High street building in 1868, and soon after 'a normal course 'was established in the high school, though this consisted of only one year's review of English 'branches. In February, 1881, a training school was formally established in the Robeson building, removed in 1891 to the Osborn building on its completion. Miss Emily Richards W'as the first principal and Miss Ariadne J. Borden the second. Miss Elizabeth S. Ham'inett was principal from 1891 to 1896, when she was succeeded by Miss Anna W. Braley. In recent years a large number of attrac tive schoolhouses, equipped with the best of mo'dern conveniences, have 'been erected to care for the growing school population. Among these have been the Coughlin and William ConneU buildings, opened in 1895; the James M. Aldrich and George B. Stone, in 1897; the Fowler, in 1898; the Brayton avenue, in 1899, and the Samiuel Longfellow and Highland, in 1901. The Samuel WUtson sohool, on Eastern avenue, is completed and ready for occupancy, and a new building is rising on the site of the High street or Lin coln, school, burned in December, 1905. Noteworthy changes in recent years have included the inauguration of the diploma system in the grammar 'schools in 1889, the same year as the establishment of the Davis prize meidals, from a fund contributed iDy Hon. R. T. Davis, the appointment of special instructors in rausic and drawing in 1887, and the introductio'n of sewing in 1896. William ConneU, 'Who had been the faith ful superintendent for 22 years, was suc ceeded on his death, in 1894, by William C. Bates'. The latter resigned in 1905 fo be- co'me superintendent of the Cambridge schools, and Everett B. Durfee, vice principal of the high school, 'was elected his successor. BRADFORD DURFEE TEXTILE SCHOOL. Manual training as a part of the educa tional system of Pall River dates from the opening of the B. M. C. Durfee high school building in 1887. The co-urse in manual training, however, was necessarily limited in its scope to instruction in mechanical draw ing and the use of wood 'and iron working machinery. This introduction of manual training into the curriculum of the high sohool marked the beginning of the applica tion of the utilitarian idea to the work of the public schools and served to emphasize the possibilities 'Of its 'extension into the fleld of cotton raanufaoturing. Although the value of 'the school of expe rience in the acquisition of the best methods for converting cotton into cloth was recog nized, the value of the theoretical when combined with t'he practical was urged by The B. M. C. Durfee High School HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 61 leading citizens as a reason why this city, the leading textile centre of the country, should have a school devoted entirely to in struction in 'the theory, 'art and practice of the operation of textile im'achinery. The outgrowth of that conviction was the organization 'of a 'corporation under 'a 'Statute approved June 5, 1895, by men of civic spirit and progressive ideas, "for the purpose of establishing and maintaining a textile school for instruction in the theory and practical art of textile and kindred branches of in dustry, with authority to take by gift or pur chase 'and hold personal or real estate to the amount of $300,000," according to the terms of the law. A site bought for the sohool was aban doned for one offered by a public spirited lady. Miss Sarah S. Brayton, as a memorial to a kinsman, Bradford Durfee, 'w'ho had dis tinguished himself in the early history of the municipality as a citize'U and a manufacturer. In the preparation of plans for a building thought was given to light, ventilation, pro portion, strength and serviceability. The architectural 'design embodied a modification of the colonial style by the use of Pall River granite relieved by gray mottled pressed brick. The conception of the arohitect after wards found expression 'in a magniflcent creation of the 'art of the builder. It is nias- sive and symmetrical, and thoroughly adapted for the purpose for which it was planned. This, as defined in the catalogue for 1905, is "to meet t'he needs of two distinct classes of students: one class being those who wish 'a preliminary training in the 'art of manufacturing beifore entering upon the practical work in the 'mill; the other being those 'already at work in the mill, who feel the necessity for a training in the principles of the 'art and n greater knowledge of all the departments of their chosen vocation." To make possible the meeting of the need, a mechanical equipment was installed of a character that ensured the very best results from the consideration of modern ideas. Con stant development was the aim sought in the furnishing of the work and class rooms and the laboratories, and the best product of mechanical ingenuity found a place 'with in the magnificent edifi'oe, much of it pre sented by makers of machinery and other material. When the school was opened to students March 7, 1904, the event 'm'arked 'what it is thought will prove to be another epoch in the industrial history of Fall River. Confl dence, skill and enterprise are the qualities entering into the large measure of -success attained by the city since the first efforts here in the fabrication of cotton. Growth has ever been the characteristic of tihe in dustry, else the proud pre-eminence 'at tained by Fall River would not have been possible. Education between factory walls has accomplished wonders, but the evolu tionary limit is still far in the distance. In furtherance of the approach thereto instruction in the textile school is 'shaped under the supervision of Joseph W. Bailey, whose training flts him admirably for the res'ponsibillty of directing 'an institution which means much for this community if properly maintained and encouraged. Theory and practice are made interdependent, so that it is possible immediately by those pupils engaged at mill work to enjoy the fruits of the knowledge that is imparted by a faculty that is composed of earnest, capable men. With the realization of what is con templated has come an awakening of in terest in the sohool among operatives and others 'to whom the course of study appeals as affording a golden opportunity for striving for the betterment of their condition. In con sequence, the beginning of the second year of the school has been attended by an en rollment that presages a large fulflllment of the~promise of success. The citizenship of the city is fully repre sented on the directorate. Faith in and con cern for the industrial future of Pall River animate its me'mbers. The president of the corporation is Leontine Lincoln;; the vice- president, William Evans; the clerk, Wil liam Hopewell; the treasurer, Arthur S. Philips. Associated 'W'ith them 'are DIRECTORS: William S. Greene, Leontine Lincoln, Thomas O'Donnell, James Tansey, Joseph G. Jackson, Arthur S. Phillips, JO'hn W. Coughlin, William Moran, John M'cCarthy, James Whitehead, Edward B. Jennings, William Evans, -Arthur M. Hamilton, William Hopewell, John S. 'Brayton, Hugo A. Dubuque, Simsion B. Chase, Robert T. Davis, Edward S. Adams. P. Augustus Mathewson, John T. Coughlin, Mayor. Everett B. Durfee, Supt. of Schools. Jas. E. Cunneen, Appointed by the Governor. Geo. W. Wright, Appointed by the Governor. 62 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER THE PUBLIC LIBRARY. The Fall River Public Library had its origin in the Pall River Athenaeum, which, in accordance with an act of the Common wealth of Massachusetts authorizing the cre ation of Library and Lyceum Corporations, was establis'hed in 1835, "i>y a few individ uals desirous of having a library of well- selected 'Standard and miscellaneous books always at hand for the purpose of general reading 'and reference." A warrant for the first legal meeting was issued by Joseph Gooding, Justice of the Peace, March 31, 1835, and the meeting was he'ld on the first Monday in April. The stock oi the corporation was placed in shares, unlimited in number, and the price was fixed at $5.00 eaoh, subject to an annual assessment of $1.00 per share. Several hun dred dollars were quickly raised on the sale Public Library Building of shares, a room was fi'tted up in the Post Office and Custom House building on Main street, where City Hall now stands, and the institution went at once into successful operation. The first annual report of the Board of Direction to the Stockholders, submitted in April, 1830, shows that during the year $702.00 had been received from the sale of shares, annual assessments and fines, and that the disbursements amounted to the sum of $646.00, that the library consisted of a'bout 500 volumes and that the circulation had averaged about flfty volumes per week. Although the Athenaeum was a private venture, its beneflcial influences were at once 'Strongly felt and appreciated by the citizens of the town, but its growth was seriously impeded by a lack of sufficient funds 'to 'broaden the scope of its work. Early in 1837, the TOwn of Pall River re ceived from the United States Government its share of the "Surplus Revenue" amount ing to $10,102. This sum, coming so unex pectedly into the Town Treasury and in a manner so unprecedented, caused much comment and 'speculation as to its proper use, and friends of the Athenaeum Library strongly urged that a portion of this amount 'might with great propriety be invested in shares ot the library for the beneflt of de serving scholars in our public schools." At a town raeeting, April 3, 1837, $800 'was ap- pro'priated and the Town Treasurer was in structed to subscribe for 160 S'hares in the Fall River Athenaeum, the use of the shares to be placed at the disposal of and to be represented by the school committee, which was empowered to isstie certifl'cates entitling deserving 'Scholars to the use of the shares at its pleasure. This act of the town places Pall River among the flrst towns in the State to appropriate a special sum of money to make a distributing library an adjunct of the public school system. NO'twitbstanding this assistance the growth of the Athenaeum Library, as com pared with modern standards, was slow, for on July 2, 1843, when the greater part of the town of Fall River was destroyed by fire, the number of volumes in the library was but 1,195; all of these were lost, with the exception of a few books of little value which at the tirae were in the hands of sU'bscribers whose houses were not 'burned. The Athe naeum property was insured in the Cohannet Mutual Insurance Corap'any to the amount of $800, but, 'as the com'pany sustained great losses on account of the fire, causing its failure, only $544 was recovered on the policy. With this small sum of money, and the few books which were not destroyed, the directors at once began 'the formation of a new library, which in 1860 'had reached the number of 2,362 volumes. The collection was housed in the Town Hall and later on Franklin street in the old Music Hall. In 1860 the demands of the people for a Free Public Library had (become so insistent that the stockholders of the Athenaeum As sociation, who were favorably disposed toward such 'a movement, offered to trans fer to the City of Fall River the Athenaeum Library for the purpose of forming a library for the free distribution of books. The offer was accepted, and July 23, 1860, an ordi nance was passed by the City Council of Fall River for the establishment of a Free Public Library, a Board of Trustees was elected and an appropriation 'was made for lbs maintenance. HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 63 The Fall River Athenaeum Aasoclation held its last meeting October 2, 1860, when it was voted— "That the Board 'Of the Pall River Athenaeum -be authorized to transfer to the City of Fall River the Library of said Athenaeum upon terms mutually satisfac tory; taking care, however, properly to 'pro tect the ultimate interests and rights of existing stockholders or those who may law fully represent them in said Athenaeum." The agreement between the City of Pall River and the Fall River Athenaeum was as follows: "This agreement, m'ade and con cluded this Seventh Day of December, in the year of our Lord Eighteen Hundred and Sixt}', by and between the Fall River Athenaeum, a body corporate in the City of Pall River, County of Bristol, and Common- WB'alth of Massachusetts, of the one part, and said City of Pall River on the other part, Witnesseth, That for the purpose of establishing a Public Library in the City of Pall River, and in consideration lof the promises and agreements on the part of said City hereinafter 'contained, the said Pall River Athenaeum have agreed to transfer, assign, and set over, and do hereby transfer, assign, and set over, to said City and its successors, for the use of the Public Library of said City only, all and singular the books belonging to the Library of said Athenaeum, now contained ttrgrein, the appraised value of which is Thtee^Thousand Dollars, and for a list 'Of Vfti^^^sa^^ books reference may be had to 'a ccw""of the Catalogue thereof 'at tested 'by the Directors of the Athenaeum and herewith rendered the City of Fall River. To have and to hold the same to said City and its successors, to its and their use and behoof forever, for the purpose afores'aid. And the said City of Pall River, in consider ation of the agreement and transfer afore said, of said Athenaeum, both on its part for itself and its successors and assigns, and the above agreement and transfer are upon these express conditions, viz.: That in case said Public Library should be abandoned at any time, 'books to the amount of Three Thousand Dollars in value, or their equiva lent, that 'being the appraised value of the Athenaeum Library as 'before stated, shall be returned by said City or its successors, to said Athenaeum, its successors or as signs; that the rights and privileges of the Public Library shall be extended to Robert McEwen and David Robertson, residents of Fair River, Rhode Island, and their legal re'presentatives, suibject to the rules 'and regulations thereof, same as citizens of the City of Pall River, and that the City of Fall River will assume to pay the existing indebt edness of said Athenaeum to an amount not exceeding .Sixty Dollars. In 'witness thereof the Directors of the Pall River Athenaeum for this purpose duly authorized, have here unto set the name of said Athenaeum and their own names, and the Trustees of the Public Library of the City of Fall River, for this purpose duly authorized by a vote of the City Council, have hereunto set the name of said City, and their own names, the day and year above written. (Signed) Pall River Athenaeum, by Walter C. Durfee, Henry Lyon, Charles O. Shove, Isaac B. Chace, Poster Hooper, Benjamin Earl, A. S. Tripp, Jesse Eddy, Directors. City of Fall River, by E. P. Buffinton, P. W. Leland, Walter Paine, 3d, Henry Lyon, Samuel M. Brown, Charles J. Holmes, Simeon Borden, Trustees of City Library. In addition to the collection from the Athenaeum there was also given by the 0(cean B^re Com'pany a valuable and well- selected little library of 214 volumes which bad been collected by the members of the company 'for their own use. The southwest room on the second floor in the City HaU building was fitted up and the library was opened to the public May 1, 1861, only ten years after the founding of the first free public library in the State of Massachusetts to be supported by general taxation, which was that of the City of Bos ton. George A. Ballard was the first librarian, being elected Dece'mber 7, 1860, and holding the position until February 14, 1804, when he resigned and was succeeded by Charles G. Remington, who served but a few months. William R. Ballard was the next librarian, his offi'Cial connection beginning iNovember 28, 1864, and ending with his death Novem ber 30, 1905, a period of forty-one years of faithful, intelligent 'Service. In 1872-73, while City Hall was being re modelled, the library occupied Pocasset Hall, Market Square, and from 1874 to March 19, 1886, when City Hall was destroyed by flre, it occupied the first floor of that build- 64 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER img. After the flre it occupied succe'ssively temporary quarters in Flint's Exchange, South Main street, and the Skating Rink on Danforth street, where the library was open ed for the distribution of books. For about six months in 188G a Reading Room was maintained in Waverley Hall, Borden Block. In January, 1887, the library and reading room was once more regularly opened to the public in the large hall in the Brown Building, North Main street, where it re mained thirteen years. While occupying the quarters in City Hall the Trustees constantly felt the necessity for more improved conditions in order that the library might successfully flll all the functions of 'a public library, and in suc cessive reports the matter was urged upon Honor, the Mayor, William S. Greene, reco'm- mended that the Mayor be authorized to petition the Legislature for authority to cre ate indebtedness outside of the debt limit, to be known as the Public Library Loan, for the purpose of purchasing land and erecting a fire-proof 'building for the use and con venience of the public library. On the same day this portion of the address of the Mayor was referred by an order of the City Council to the Committee on Public Instruction and the Tnistees of the Public Library, who later submitted to the City Council a report recommending that authority be given to the Mayor to petition the General Court to al low the issue of bonds for this purpose. March 22, 1895, an act was approved by the Governor authorizing the City of Pall Old Residence of Mrs. Mary B. Young, which stood on present site of Public Library the attention of the City Council. In their report for 1884 the Trustees particularly called attention to the imperative need 'Of definite steps being taken in the near future to provide more appropriate and more ample accommodations for the library. When City Hall was destroyed by fire March 19, 1886, 'the loss to the library was nearly 5,000 books, either burned or dam aged beyond pO'Ssibility of repair, and in the rented quarters occupied after the fire the necessity of a permanent fire-proof building became more urgent on 'account of the haz ard of another possible loss from the same cause, and year 'after year the Trustees made urgent appeals for the construction of a library building. The 'insistency of the Trustees was flnially rewarded, when, in his inaugural address to the City Council, January 7, 1895, His River to incur indebtedness to an amount not exceeding $150, OOu beyond the limit flxed by law for the purpose of erecting a Public Library Building under the power and con trol of the Trustees of the Public Library. As soon 'as the success of the building 'pro ject was 'assured, proposals were invited for suitable sites and many were suggested, but by reason of the generosity and public 'spirit of Miss Sarah S. Brayton 'in offering 128.75 rods of the homestead estate of the late Mrs. Mary B. Young, taxed by the city at $75,000 and worth more than $100,000, for the sum of $50,000, all others were rejected, as this site was deemed most advantageous to the city, and it was accepted by a U(nanimous vote of the Trustees. Plans were received from 18 competitors and, after careful consideration of all, fhose of Cram, Wentworth & Goodhue, of Boston, HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 65 were adopted. The first bids for construc tion exceeded the appropriation; all were rejected (by the Trustees and new bids were called for after certain modifi'cations were made in the plans. The lowest bid, $133,900, was from W. L. Rutan of BO'Ston, and the contract was awarded to him on condition that he use Pall River granite and give a satisfactory bond for the completion of 'his contract. These conditions he com'plied with. This price included the granite structure, structural marble, iron work, plastering, wood-work and painting, but did not include the ornamental marble work, decorated ceilings, heating and lighting ap paratus, book-iStacks, furniture, curbing 'and final gTading. An additional Public Library Loan amounting to $75,000 was authorized by act of the General Court and was approved by the Governor March 4, 1896. Work was begun in May, 1896, and the corner-stone was laid on September 30, 1896, by Mayor Greene, in the presence of the Board of Trustees, 'members of the City Government, and miany 'Citizens, but without any formalities. The arcihiteots were represented in the construction of the 'building by their en gineer, Frank W. Ferguson. The Trustees appointed as their superintendent of work Valentine Mason, whose practical ability and experience in that capacity commended him for the responsibility. In addition to the loans before mentioned, an appropriation of $25,000 was m'ade an 1898, and $2,000 in 1899 to meet any con tingencies, m'aking the total cost of the land, building, furnishing, curbing and grading $252,000. The entire cost of the building, including heating, ventilating, and lighting apparatus, was 29 cents per cubic foot, which must be considered very reasonable for a building of such monumental char acter, and classic, 'architectural treatment. In design, 'the building is Italian Renais sance, treated In a formal and simple man ner. It is absolutely fireproof in constrtuction, and iSO far as the exterior is concerned, is built entirely of dressed Fall River granite. The interior 'partitions are of brick through out, while the fioors are of concrete in the Ransom system of cO'nstruction. The stair ways are of marble, iron, concrete, and stone. The roof is of steel filled in with terra cotta blocks, and covered with copper over a layer of concrete. No woodwork enters Into the construction of the building beyond the doors and window frames. The main entrance on North Main street opens into a lofty vestibule, which is finished entirely in 'a white Vermont marble with pale green veins. This vestibule, lighted by a central skylight, is covered by a dome, which rests on ten marble columns rising from a stylobate of ipink Tennessee marble. The floor is 'covered with elaborate mosaic of colored marble. From this vestibule steps rise on one side to the Trustees' room, on the other to the Librarian's room, while in front they lead directly to the delivery hall, the central feature of the building, which is two S'tories high, and is lighted by a large 'Skylight of rippled isilver glass set in gilded bronze. The finish of the flrst story ot the delivery hall is of pink -marble, with the S'hafts of the pilasters around the four monumental doorways — ^one in the centre of each side — of purple Levanto marble. The floor of this hall is of marble mosaic. Directly opposite the entrance from the vestibule is the reference library, a spa- ciO'Us room with an elaborately moulded c.eiling supported on four columns of yellow Verona marble. At the left end of the delivery 'hall is the delivery counter, whioh communicates direct ly with the book stack. This stack 'is seven stories in height, and provides for the ac commodation of about 325,000 volumes. From the delivery department direct access is had to the Librarian's room in the front of the building, and the cataloguing room at the rear. This latter room com'municates with the -reference library and book stack. Opposite 'the delivery counter is the en trance to the reading room, and also the approach to the public stairway. The reading room is a large apartment, the full depth of the building, and of the same size as -the book stack — viz., about 25x75 feet. It is covered by a semi-circular vault, and its 'height is two full stories of the building. Pro-m this room there is access to the trustees' room in front, -and to the pub lic catalogue room in the rear, which lies between the reading roora and reference li brary. On the second floor is a large pic ture gallery 'and roo-ms for special libraries. There is -a special entrance to the base ment from Elm street which is, at this point, a full 'story below -the level of the main floor. The entrance has a vaulted ceiling sup-ported on 'Columns of black granite. In front a staircase rises to the main floor. On- the 66 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER right is the children's reading room, the ceiling of which is supported by columns of grey granite, 'and which communicates di rectly -with the children's library, a large room fllled with bookcases containing over 7,000 volumes of carefully selected juvenile books; this last apartment has ceilings sup ported by columns of red granite. On this floor is -the general workroom and toilet rooms. The sub^basement contains the heat ing and ventilating plant and store rooms. It is a matter of great satis'faotion that the erection of -such a public -building received so generally -the approval of the citizens. Prom the day of its inception until its com pletion there was no word ot opposition worthy of note. It is indeed the people's gift to tiieir own and succeeding generations. All the people are alike its -benefactors and beneflciaries. While building, the tru-sftees realized that a less expensive structure would have met present needs, but they vs-'ere also 'Convinced that they should 'build for future needs and in an architectural style that shall -make the structure itself an edu cating power. It was opened to the public in March, 1899. The first general catalogue was issued in 1861, the second in 1874, the third, a thor oughly claS'Sifled one, displacing the others in 1882; since then seven supplementary bul letins -have been issued. The work is now under way of preparing a complete card catalogue of the entire library. There are now about 75,000 volumes in the library and the daily 'Circulation of books for home use will average about 550. George W. Rankin, the present librarian, has been officially connected with the library since 1873; he was first engaged as cleri cal assistant in the preparation of the cata logue which w-as issued in 1874. May 16, 1874, he was elected assistant librarian and given charge of the catalogue work. In the preparation of the classified catalogue of 1882 -he was entrusted with the details of the work and also prepared many of -the notes and had entire charge of the final revision of the manuscript. He was elected librarian December 9, 1905. Mr. Rankin is highly esteemed by the citizens of Fall River, and the library shows the attention he has be stowed upon it. The publishers are indebted to him for the history of the library. CHAPTER X FIRE AND POLICE Sketch of the Beginnings and Development of Two Strong Departments of the Municipality The city is protected against flre -By a large and efficient permane-nt department of 103 men, -assisted by 56 call men, all under the direction of Chief Engineer William C. Davol, Deputy Chief Joseph Bowers, Jr., and Assistant Engineer Edward P. Carey, ft is equip'ped with modern apparatus consisting of six steam fire engines, three chemi-oal engines, four hook and ladder trucks and ten hose wagons, requiring -fifty-eight horses, and by prompt and effective action has pre vented -any large fire losses except in a few unavoidable instances, for many years. The use of che-micals and the still alarm system nas grown more and more common in recent years -and has been most satisfactory. The municipal appropriations for the department have grown with the needs of the city, and for 1906 were: Salaries, $117,500; current expenses, $22,000. The department was 'formally established by vote of the town in 1832 and was in charge of firewards elected annually till the adoption of the city charter in 1854, fol lowing which it was -under control of -the Mayor and City Council till the new city charter went into effect in 1903, when a fire commission was established, consisting of three members appointed by the Mayor and approved iby the Aldermen. One is appointed annually -for a term of three years. The first board consisted of George N. Durfee, ohaiirman; G. de Tonnancour, secretary, and Edw-ard Lynch. Present board: Michael Mc Nally, chairman; Charles B. Woodman, secretary, and Edward Lynch. The early fire department of Pall River,* as in every -small town, was purely volunteer tor many years. The first hand fire engine was purchased in 1818 and was what is *For much of the -detail here given the editor is indeibted to Captain Lynch's excel lent history of the department. known as a bucket engine, not capable of drawing water from a well, but taking it from the tub of the machine, which was fllled by water brought in buckets by a line of men from the source of supply, -while others m-anned the -brakes and forced the water tnrough the hose. There was also a bucket carriage, equipped with a large number of buckets, to attend the engine, but many of the citizens had their own leather buckets, painted and lettered in an artistic -style, whioh -they took to flres on responding to an alarm. It was first located on the south side of Central -street, near Inch, later in the rear of the City Hall and afterwards in the old town house on. -Central street. It was altered to a draught engine soon after the flre of 1843, and remained in service -fill 1853, when it was succeeded by Mazeppa No. 7. In 1826 there was another hand engine here, purchased by private subscription, and used without hose. The water was poured into a tub, from v(*ich it 'was forced by a single handle through a goose-neck nozzle direct to the flre. It was located near Bed ford and Main streets and was drawn to fires by oxen. The town -purchased another engine, a cumbersome affair known as Hy'draulion No. 2. It was first stationed in Stone lane, off Central street, and later removed to the Niagara 'house on Pleasant street, recently O'ccupied by -Mackenzie & Winslow. Cata ract Engine No. 3 was bought in 1843 and housed at the corner of Franklin amd Rock streets, and Niagara No. 4 the same year and placed in -the old Niagara house on Pleasant street, until 1853. It was rebuilt in 1855 and stationed at the corner of North Main and Turner streets, under the new iname of Tor rent No. 2. Ocean No. 5 was purchased in 1846, and 'Stationed on Pearl street; Niagara No. 4 and the M'assasoit in 1853. The lat- 68 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER ter was first 'the property of the Massasoit Manufacturing Company -and on its purchase by the town was named the Mazeppa No. 7. It was stationed successively in town house, the armory, -the Court House building in Court Square, and at the corner of South Main and Broadway. The last hand flre engine was the Cascade, No. 1, belonging to the town of Fall River, R. I., which be came the city's property on the annexation of the town in 1862. It was stationed on South Main street and later at the Globe Print Works. There were also the Atlantic No. 6, the property of Hawes & Davol, sta tioned -at their machine shops, and the Metropolis No. 7 and the Franklin. The first was a small affair. The first hose reel company organized in 1843 and located on Rock -street. It was fol lowed in 1851 (by a four-wheeled hO'S# reel known -as Neptune No. 1, stationed at the C'ataract engine house, and in 1863 by the first ihorse hose reel, located in Court Square. Prior to 1829 the firemen were in charge of ten firewards elected annually, which num ber was increased in that year to twenty. The -comipensati'on of members of the co-m- P'anies varied, but was generally the- relief from poll tax and military -duty. They were supplemented -by several companies organ ized at the various raills and known as Forcing Pump Companies. They were equipped with hose reels and manned the hose connected with the -stationary pumps at the factories. The members received a Slight yearly co-mpensatio'n from the town — $3 each in 1839, for exam-pie. The flrst isteam fire engine belonging to the city, known as Quequechan No. 1 was bought in 1859 and was replaced by new engines in 1871 and again in 1891. The company 'was stationed in Court Square until the completion of the Prospect street house in 1874. The King Philip 'No. 2 was bought in 1860 and located in Court Square -till it was rem-oved to the Central engine hous?e in 1871. It w-as succeeded in 1873 by the King Philip, Jr., which went out of commission in 1879. The 'company was reorganized -as a hose company, known as Hose 2, in 1880. The Metaoomet No. 3 was bought in 1865, placed in Court Square, and used till 1871, when it was replaced by another, whioh was located at the Central house and remained in service till 1891, when the present No. 3 was -bought. Niagara 'No. 4 was bought in 1868, stationed first in the Niagara house on Pleasant street and subsequently removed to the Plymouth avenue house. It was followed by the present No. 4 in 1893. Massasoit No. 5 was bought in 1873 and quartered at 'tihe Freedom street house till 1895, when a new machine took its 'place. An'awan No. 6, bought in 1874, was stationed on North Main street till 1879, when it was dispensed with and a hose company organized. Pocasset No. 7, -also bought in 1874, -was -stationed at the Pocasset hou-se till 1895, when- it was re placed 'by the 'present machine. The early 'hook and ladder trucks were diminutive affairs. The first was bought in 1826, stationed 'on Pleasant street and drawn to fires by hand. A hose -truck followed in 1 844, kept in -the town house, and another in 1857, also quartered in the town house; then for -a time in a livery stable, in 1858 in Court Square, and in 1862 in the old armory on Bedford -street. It rem'ained in service till 1871, when it was stored in the Ocean house and 'broken up in 1894. Another, first known as Truck No. 1, was 'bought in 1871 and was flrst pulled by hand, then -altered for one horse. It was stationed flrst at the Cen tral and then at the Niagara house. Ano-ther, No. 2, was bought in 1873, located on Bedford street -and subsequently on Pleas ant, where it was known as No. 4. It went out of (oom'mi'S'Sion in 1896. It was replaced in commission -in 1899, equipped with two 30-gallon tanks and known as No. 3. It was stationed on North Main street and is still in service. Another truck. No. 1, the first in the S'tate to be equipped for three horses abreast, bought in 1885, was placed at the Central house. No. 2, on Bedford street, was bought in 1890, and No. 4, stationed in the Pocasset 'house, in 1895. A rep-air shop, located at the Central en gine house, was established in 1895. Of the more important engine houses, the flrst was -a stone -building, still standing, on the sou'th side of Pleasant street, be tween 'Second and Third, and erected by the town in 1838. It was known as Firemen's hall and la/ter as the Niagara house, and was sold in 1877. The Cataract house, on Rock and Franklin streets, was 'built in 1843; the Ocean house, on Pearl street, in 1845; the Court Square house, formerly Cranston Almy's livery stable, now the -Central police station, was 'purchased in 1857 and occupied by the police -and flre departments till the fire-men removed in 1875. The Central house was built in 1870 and enlarged in 1896, the -North M-ai-n, Pleasant and Free dom street houses in 1874, the Quequechan HISTORY^ Of fall RIVER 6^ house, in Prospect street. In 1874, and the Niagara, on Plymouth avenue, in 1878. The Cascade house was erected in 1898, to replace an old structure built by the town of Tiverton in the 50's. The flrst horse -hose reel, bought in 1863, and stationed in Court Square, was placed in charge of a regular company. No. 2, in 1880, and S'tationed at the Central house till i882, (When it removed to the Cataract house, on Rock street, and in September, 1884, to the Bedford street house. In August of -that ye-ar it was given the flrst hose wagon owned by the city, which had just been purchased. Hose Company No. 6 was organized in 1879 and stationed on North Main street, and No. 8, the Cascade, in 1874. It was supplied with a reel till a wagon- was bought in 1890. The flrst chemical engine was bought in 1872 and stationed on Rock street till the com'pany disbanded, in March, 1876, and machine disposed of. A second engine, now known as Chemical No. 1, was secured in 1893, and 'placed in the Bedford street house, and No. 2 -establis'hed on Pleasant street in 1896. 'Chemical No. 3, bought in 1896, was first stationed lat Hose No. 6 house; after ward removed to -the Central engine house on Pocasset street. The -beginning of a permanent department was -made in 1860, 'w-h-en Clark Whipple was appointed driver oi steamer No. 1, on Court -Square. His sleeping quarters were over the old city S'tables, and on an alarm it w-as -his duty to take the two horses, used by the highway -department during the day, drive to the engine house for -the engine and then proceed to the flre. He received $66 a month. Two more drivers, Nathan Chace and Philander Curry, were appointed in 18G5, and -shared Whipple's quarters, taking turns at highway -work with -their teams. Eight years later the three drivers -and -their horses were placed permanently on d-ufy at the engine house. Permanent engineers were appointed in 1874 and a 'captain and a hose- m'an in 1886. In 1894 the captains of all companies were 'made permanent. The Gamewell flre alarm telegraph system was established on January 7, 1870, to succeed the old method -of bell ringing. The flrst alarm was give-n from box 16 on January 27. The chief engineers since the adoption of the flrst city charter have been: 1854, Asa E-ames; 1855-56, Jonathan E. Morrill; i857, Chester W> Greene; 1858-59, J. E. Morrill; 1860-69, Southard H. Miller; 1870- 72, Thomas J. Borden; 1873-74, Holder B. Durfee; 1875, Thomas ConneU; 1876-81, William C. Davol; 1882-83, .lohn A. Mac- farlane; 1884-1898, William C. Davol; 1898- 1901, James Langford; 1901 to the present time, William C. Davol. Aside fro'm the fire of 1843, -which has been elsewihere noted, the worst fire in the city's history -was the Granite raill horror on the morning of Septemiber 19, 1874, when 20 lives were lost and 30 persons injured. The flames were discovered in the mule room on the -third floor lat ten minutes before seven, and S'pread so rapidly that escape -through the only entrance, a tower in the centre of the mill on the Twelfth street side, w-as cut off, and though many reached safety by the flre escapes or suffered only minor in juries iby jumping, those on the sixth floor under the bam roof had no escape except by jum-ping, as there were no fire escapes that reached them and the department's longest ladder -w-as -too -sihort. Many jumped to al most certain death and others -peris-hed in the mill. The pecuniary loss was $247,000, fully insured. Other notable mill fires were the Massa soit, November 2, 1872; the American Linen, June 29, 1876; the Border City No. 1, No vember 2, 1877; Chace's thread mill, Novem ber 29, 1878; the Flint mill, October 28, 1882; the Sagamore, April 24, 1884; the Globe Print Works, December 5, 1867, and the American Print Works, December 15, 1867. The steamer Empire State, of the New York line, was -burned at her dock here on the evening of J-anuary 13, 1849, but was rebuilt, and on July 25, 1856, when off Point Judith, suffered a boiler explosion which -caused at least fourteen deaths. She returned to this city, where the -wounded were cared for, an-d was destroyed -by fire -at Bris-tol May 14, 1887. The burning of the Micah Ruggles house, which stood where the County Court House now is, on the night of January 24, 1857, w-as attended by the fatal injury of three men — Gibbs Earle, William H. Buffinton and Miles Daley, who were struck by a falling chimney. M-ayor Buffinton was injured by the falling debris, but only slightly. It is recorded that -at this fire -three barrels of cider, found on an upper floor, were used as an extinguishe-r, "with -most gratifying re sults, albeit with genuine regret." Alphonso Borden, a member of the de partment, was killed -while responding to an 70 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER alarm with the Cataract engine, November 15, 1864, (by being run over by -the machine while it was descending Elm street. He was on the tongue -and had been left alone to guide the engine -after it -had 'attained so rauch speed that the other members of the company were obliged to abandon their ef forts to check it. In a -somewhat similar ac cident Timothy Dwyer, a tem'porary driver in charge of Truck 1, w-hile the regular man was at supper, received fatal injuries while descending French's hill in response to an alarm 'December 12, 1895. The horses got be yond control on the icy hill, and in attempt ing to avoid an electric car at the foot -the truck collided with -a telegrap'h pole, throw ing Dwyer to the frozen ground. H. J. Langley's loom harness factory, on County street, -took fire following a boiler ex plosion, which killed -four persons, June 14, 1895, an-d -was 'destroyed. The Firemen's Relief Association, known for a brief period as the Firemen's Burial Society, was formed in 1883, and incor porated under the State law June 12, 1892. The first president was Joseph Bowers; Sec retary, Albert J. Pember; Treasurer, James Sutcliffe. The fund is -about $13,000. Present officers: W. C. Davol, president; Joseph Bowers, Jr., secretary; James Sutcliffe, treasurer; Board of Trustees, Daniel Shay, Michael 'Sweeney and Michael Powers. The Firemen's Meraorial -Sunday, the sec ond Stwi'day in June, has been observed since 1893. Two vete-ran firemen's associations have been formed, the Fall River in- 1890 and the Deflance in 1900. Musters were held here in 1878 and 1899. The police departraent is flrst mentioned in 1835, when, on April 13, it was voted that the town authorize an application to the justices of the peace and the -selectmen to establi'Sh a night watch, but it W'as not until July, 1844, that such -a force was established, consisting of -six 'men. In April, 1846, it was voted that the watchmen should keep the engine houses in repair and maintain houses in them, and -in April, 1848, a room was fitted up for the use 'Of the officers in the west end of the market. The expenditures ot the department in 1845, 1846 -and 1847 were $2,400 a year, reduced in 1848 to $2,000 and in 1849 to $1,500, around which they re mained till 1853, when they had increased to $2,700. With the Incoming of the city government in 1854 a police department was formally established, with William Sisson, chief con stable, and Daniel Child, Bowen L. Pierce, Edson V. iChace, Philip Durfee, James E. Watson, Spencer Macomber and Samuel V. Bliffins, 'assistants. The night police con sisted of Jeremiah Clarke, captain, -and Abel Segur, Benoni T. Chace, Job Simmons, Eewis W. Carpenter, Jacob B. Dunham, 'Nicholas Taylor, and Gardner Morse. By order of the City -Council July 13, 1857, the title of chief constable was changed to City Marshal. The pay of chief constable was at first $1.50 a d-ay, later advanced to $1.75 and In 1858 made '$600 a year. Various changes were ra-ade, until, 'by July 2, 1867, it had reached $1,000 a year. His assistants had at first $1.25 and the captain of the watch $1.83. The ordinary 'men in 1855 received $1.50, a figure frequently changed and falling to $1.5:5 in 1859 and by 1872 advanced to $2.50. By this time the force had grown to 28 men, 22 of whom were on night duty. Eighteen men were 'added 'during 1873, and the following year a further increase was made, bringing the number up to 70. A reorganization went into effect July 1, 1874, by which the city was divided into four districts instead of one, quarters at the -north, east and south occupied, and the schedule so arranged as to prevent leaving three hours without 'any patrol, 'as h-ad been formerly the case. The occupying of the three auxiliary sta tions greatly relieved the crowded condition of the Central station. In the early -days, before the establishment of a regular depart ment, cells were provided in the town house, and after the erection of -the City Hall in the b-asement of that structure. Removal to the present central station was made soon after its purchase by the city in 1857. The build ing had been erected soon after the great fire for the stalble of the Richardson house, and was occupied as a livery stable by Cranston Almy, Kirby and others till it' be came city property. The west end was then occupied by the -highway department for its stable, -with hay lofts where the court room now is. The 'police occupied the east end of the -building, with -six cells in the basement and the court room on the sec ond fioor, while fire apparatus was stored in the present guard room. After -the removal of the fire engines in ] 875 and the city barn in 1879, the -building was remodelled, and further changes were made -after the police comimission was established, when the build ing on -the north side of Granite street was HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 71 erected for the patrol wagon and sleeping quarters for 'the men. Previous to March 5, 1883, when the tenure of office 'bill went into effect, the 'men had been appointed each year. The patrol wagon system went into effect in 1890, and -the first call was answered J-anuary 12. The box system was established at this time. The only man to -be retired on a pension was George Dougherty, a patrol-main, with eight years' service, who had been injured in the line of duty and was pensioned on one-half pay — $1.31 a day-^May 21, 1901. He died in March of the following year. A radical change in the control of the de partment took place in 1894, when at the solicitation of a number of local citizens the Legislature passed an act, approved May 7, by w-hich the police and t'he liquor license power were taken from the city and given to a commission of -three le-g-al voters ap pointed by the Governor. The first board consisted of Thomas J. -Borden, Joseph Healy and John Stanton. Mr. Borden was chairman until 'the expiration of his term, and Messrs. Healy and Stanton were com missioners until 1901. Bradford D. Davol was chairman of the board from 1897 to 1903, Rufus W. Bassett from 1903 to 1905, and Jaraes Tansey, the present head of -the com- misision, has -held that office isince -his ap pointment in 1905. Mr. Bassett had suc ceeded Mr. Healy on his death in 190L The present board consists of James Tansey, William Moiran, who has been a me'mber since 1901, and James M. Morton, Jr., a commissioner since 1903. The last annual report shows 136 men and two matrons in the department. Sev enty-six signal -boxes were in use, with three horses and two w-agons. The total expendi tures in 1905 were $146,965.70. The Old David Anthony House, formerly at the corner of North Main and Pine Streets CHAPTER XI THE CITY'S INDUSTRIES This the Greatest Center of Cotton Manufacturing. Its Rapid Growth. The Various Corporations. Other Industries The industries of Pall River are largely centred about the manufacture of cotton, by far the principal occupation -here, and the one that has contributed most to the up- buildinig of the city and the making of it the largest cotton (manufacturing com-munity in the New W'orld. The early mills produced coarse goods, -but with the passing of years the tendency has been toward flner weaves, and -cotton -goods are mow produced here in a wide variety, from shoe linings to the fi-n-est lawns — coarse goods, flne goods, twills, sateens, curtains, quilts, ginghams, thread, twine, -whatever the trade calls for. Print works, bleacheries and machine shops have naturally accompanied the building of the mills, and in recent years a large hat raaking industry 'has sprung up. Numerous smaller businesses have m'ade a start here and -prom ise in time to -develop to considerable pro portions. The flrst of the -mills for cotton to be erected 'here was a -small 'building at the northeast 'Corner of Globe and South -Main streets, in 1811, in what was then Rhode Island territory. It was started by Colonel Joseph Durfee and a few others and -was operated until 1829, -but apparently with lit tle success on (account of unfamilarity with t'he 'business-. Here, as in the Troy and Fall River manufa'otories, constructed soon after, probably little -but spin(aing was done in the mill, as tihe cotton appears to 'have 'been dis tributed to the 'housewives to be 'picked by hand, and -after being -s-pun in the factory, retumed to them for 'weaving. The real beginning of the industry here was in 1813, when two companies were formed for the mianufacture of cotton, the Troy Cotton & Woolen Manufactory and the Fall River Manufactory, headed by Oliver Chace and David Anthony, respectively,, both of whom had had exiperience in the 'business in mills in other New England towns. The Troy had a capital of $50,000 and the Pall River Manufactory $40,000, about half of which in eaoh case was subscribed in neigh boring towns. B-obh -mills were erected across the stream of the Pall River, the outlet of the Watuppa ponds, which has a fall of 127 feet in less than half a -mile, and furnis-hed abun dant water power. The Pall River mill, fin- isihed in October, 1813, was 60x40 feet, the lower story -of istone and the tw-o upper of wood, -because, -as it was asserted with genu ine Yankee humor, "there was not enough stone in Pall River to flnisih it with." It was designed for 1,500 -spindles and stood about where the -present raill of 'the sarae name, now owned -by the Pocasset Manufacturing (jompany, is located. The Troy mill was built across the stream where the present factory of -the corporation is, from stone gathered in 'the adjoining flelds, of font S'tories, 108x37, and -began operation in March, 1814, with 2,000 spindles. Power weaving was introduced in the Fall River Manufactory in 1817 and in the Troy in 1820. These mills 'had been started during the war -of 1812, when the m'arkets were closed to -foreign spinners, but on the conclusion of peace soon after, this bar was taken away, and it was not till 1820 that the Troy paid its flrst dividend — $25 a share. At least one of the later 'dividends was paid in cloth. Prosperity came, and during the next ten years the Pocasset Manufacturing Company, the Anawan -and M'assasoit Mills, Robeson's Print Works and the Fall River Iron Works were inaugurated, followed by the American Print W(orfcs, Chace's thread mill, the Eagle mill and, in 1846, the Metacom'et, erected by the Iron Works and regarded then as an enormous plant. The American Linen was built, in 1852. Up to this time all the 'mills had been erected and controlled by a small group of men, ¦with the Influence of the Iron Largest Cotton Mill Plant in the World — American Printing Company and Fall River Iron Works Company. Capacity ; American Printing Company— Printing Machines, 29; Production, -weekly, 100,000 pieces; Engines. 3; Horse Power, 1.750; Eoilcrs, 4>! Coal Consumption, weekly. 700 tons; Employees, 1,000' Fall River Iron Works Company — Looms, 13,057; Spindles, 459,000; Engines, 7; Horse Power, 16,000; Boilers. 74; Coal, weekly, 900 tons; Cotton, weekly, 1.500 bales: Cloth weekly,. 78,000 pieces; Employees, 5,000 94 HISTORY OF f ALL RlVER Works interests very strong. The profits had been extremely large: in the case of the Metacomet they are isaid to have paid the cost of 'the mill in a single year, and in 1859 new interests entered -the fleld, -headed by Hale -Remington -and the veteran David Anthony, and formed the Union Mills Com pany, with the assi-stance of numerous small investors. The success of the corporation was immediate and gratifying, -and led to -the building of the Granite raills in 1863, the Durfee and Tecumseh in 1866, and within fifteen years the starting of 25 distinct manu facturing corporations. Eleven mills were started in -a single year, 1872, -and the num ber of spindles ju-m-pe-.i from 117,636 in 1854 to 1,258,508 in 1874. Capital flowed in from other 'Cities, big -dividends were paid and the business boomed. Since this -period the mill-'building has gone on steadily, though not with such rapid ity as in -the early seventies. The tendency has been rather for the enlargement of exist ing 'Plants than the forming of -new corpora tions, though num-bers 'of these have been organized. Old mills have been equipped for the making of flner goods and the new ones erected have in recent years been entirely for 'the production of -better cloths than prints, following the success of the King Philip and Granite mills in making that quality of goods. There has been, too, a tendency toward consolidation, in the purchase of weaker plants by stronger ones and in the election of the successful treasurer of one -mill to a sirailar position in another, while still re taining his former duties. In the summer of 1899 a considerable stir was caused by the receipt by nearly every mill in this city, from a New York flrm, of circular letters stating that financial -houses -of unquestioned stand ing, represented by them, had considered the situation -of the cotton industry here, and believing that its interests wo-uld best be served by consoli-d-ation, offered for a con trol of tbe stock of each raill figures con siderably higher than the selling prices at the time. The -matter was not favorably re ceived by -stockholders and was dropped. In 1898 a system of syndicate selling of goods was inaugurated, O-ctober 22, toy which the mills pooled their product in the hands of two treasurers, Frank W. Bright-man -and C. C. Rounseville as trustees. The latter, with the laid of -an advisory board, sold the cloth from time to time and returned the proportional receipts to the corporations. While the plan appeared feasible, difiiculties were encountered in prosecuting it, and it was discontinued August 3, 1901. The trus tees at first controlled only four gradfes of standard narrow goods, but this was later extended to -cover all under 33 inches in width. The flrst co-m-raittee consisted of the two trustees named, Thomas B. Brayton, Ed-ward L. Anthony, Joseph A. Baker, Pred E. Waterman 'and James E. Osborn. Mr. Brightman retired as trustee after a time and was succeeded by Joseph A. Baker, and the committee was enlarged by the addition of Charles M. S'hove and David A. Brayton, Jr. Mr. Baker later retired and was suc- ceedeid as trustee by James E. 'Osborn. Na thaniel B. Borden was selected to take his place on the advisory board. The 'mills -have suffered at times from the new Southern competition, and while this has caused so-me uneasiness, that feeling has generally passed, -and it is -believed that the Fall River mills, now reasonably prosperous. will be able to hold their own against the newer factories of the South, despite some of t'heir admitted advantages. The lesson of the necessity of the best of modern ma chinery, of liberal allowance for de'precia- tion and of competent raanageraent, has been learne-d and will not be forgotten. The -im provement in machinery has been so rapid that preisent equipment is no longer allowed to wear out, and is discarded to make way for new to meet competition. The early operatives here were almost entirely of American (birth, and their hours long— from daylight to dark — 7:30 in the winter, with a half hour allowed for break fast at S A. M., and the same period for dinner at noon, Before 1850 the English, Irish and 'Sicotch began to come here, and after -the 'Civil War the 'French entered the mills in large numbers. -Now the races of Southern Europe, notably the Portuguese, are taking the places of earlier comers, who have entered more congenial and better paid work. The hours of labor have been short ened to 58, working conditions have im proved, the 'Saturday half-holiday -and week ly payments granted, child labor prohibited or placed imder severe restrictions and fhe corporation store and tenement have passed. The conditions under which ¦the operatives work to-day are not enviable, but they are far better than they were -a score of years ago. The city now has 40 cotton m-anufactur- ing corporations, with a total capital of ap- HISTORY OF PALL RIvER ?o proximately $25,500,000, and factories repre senting an investment of nearly twice that sum, with 3,30'0,000 spindles and 83,000 looms, giving employment to 32,500 hands, producing -more than 1,500 miles of cloth every working day, as well as a large amount of yarns, thread, quilts and various other cotton products. The principal facts in regard to each of the larger corporations, as well as some -that have suspended or been merged in others, ap'pear below: The Fall River Iron Works, now an im mense cotton manufacturing plant, giving employment to 4,500 hands, has been inti mately associated with the progress of the city and ihas played an important P'art in its 'development. It had its inception in 1821 in a small shipbuilding business car ried on near the site of the Metacomet -mill, by Bradford Durfee, a shipwright, and Rich ard Borden, the owner of a grist mill nearby. The need of iron work for the vessels and also the demand for spikes, bars, rods and other iron articles for constructive purposes suggested the starting of s'hops for their manufacture, and a company was formed by Richard Borden, Bradford Durfee, Holder Borden, David Anthony, Williara Valentine, Joseph Butler and Abram and Isaac Wilkin son, the last four of Providence. The origi nal capital was $24,000, but this was soon after reduced by the -withdrawal of the Wilkinsons to $18,000. The flrst shops were on -the land now oc cupied -by the Iron Works No. 6, formerly the Metacomet mill, and produced hoop iron for the New Bedford oil trade. Nail and rolling mills were also erected and enlarged from time -to time, as the business rapidly developed. By 1876 the -company was em ploying 600 hands. It had meantime branc-hed out into other lines, and had been transferred to the -present location of the raain mills of -the company. It had been the principal promoter of the Anawan mill in 1825, the Providence line of steamboats com mencing with the Hancock in 1827, fol'iowed by the King Philip in 1832, Bradford Durfee in 1845, Richard Borden in 1874, Canonicus and Metacomet; the Fall River Line to New York in 1847, the gas works and -the rail road to Myricks, about the S'arae time, and the Metacomet -mill. The company -had been incorporated in 1825, with a capital of $200,000, increased in 1845 to $960,000, though not a dollar had been paid in except for the original invest ment of $18,000. No dividends in cash were paid until 1850, but between that time and 1880 the stockholders received $3,073,000, besides stock in the Pall River M-anufactory, the Troy Cotton & Woolen Co., the American Print Works and the Bay S'tate Stea-mboat Co. In 1880 it was thought -advisable -to di vide the property and form new corpora tions, the Metacomet mill, with $288,000 capital, the Fall River Machine Co., $96,000; . Fall River Gas Works Co., $288,000, and Fall River Steamboat Co., $192,000. For each share in the old companies three were given in t'he Metacomet, three in Gas Co., one in the Machine Co., an-d two in the Steambo-at Co. This left the old company a large amount of real estate and valuable wharf property, with -buildings. Richard Borden was clerk, treasurer and agent from 1828 to 1874, when he was succeeded, iby P'hilip D. Borden, and one year later iby Rob ert C. Brown. Soon after the division- of the property the manufacture of iron was -discontinued on account of underselling by plants near the mines, and M. C. D. Borden, who had become the sole owner of the American Printing Co. in 1886, -shortly -after that time also purchased -the Iron Works Co., which had a valua)ble water front adjoining -the print works. He razed the old buildings, and in 1889 began the construction of a vast cotton manufacturing -plant to su-pply cloth for printing. The flrst mill was, like those subsequently erected, of brick, and was 386x120 feet, four stories in height, with a towering chimney 359 feet above the ground, -the -highest in the United States at the time. A second mill was -built in 1892, three stories high, 575x120, and the follow ing year No. 3, four stories, 309x142, N-o. 4, 372%xl65%, was erected in 1895, and its starting on- Oct. 17 was 'made the occasion of a notable dinner of New York and Fall River men on the steamer Priscilla, at whioh Mr. Borden announced -a gift of $100,000 to the charities of the city. No. 5 -mill was built in 1902, and is 105x372 feet, with an ell 30x40. Since 1900 the property has been further increased by the purchase of the Pall River Machine Co., on which la;rge storehouses were erected, and -the Meta comet and Anawan mills. The former was enlarged and improved -as No. 6 mill, and the old Anawan, which had been idle for some years and used as a storehouse, was torn down to make way for No. 7 mill, 142x 310, three stories in height at the south end 76 HISTORY OF FALL RTVER and four at the north. This mill gives the entire plant 459,000 spindles, with 13,057 looms, employing 4,500 hands and produc ing 200,000,000 yards of cloth every year, and using 80,000 bales of cotton. M. C. D. Borden, the owner, is president, his son, Howard S. Borden, treasurer, and M. C. D. Borden, Howard S. and Bertram H. Borden, (another son) directors. 'Samuel E. Hatha way is superintendent. The American Printing Company, with Which the Iron Works 'are closely allied, was established as the American Print Works in 1834, by Holder Borden, with whom were associated -most of the stockholders of the Iron Works, in buildings erected for its Use by that corporation. It -began operations' in January, 1835, with four machines and a capacity of 2,000 pieces a week. Additions miad-e from time to time increased this to 9,000 in 1854, and in 1857 a corporation was fo-rmed and the land and buildings, which had formerly been leased from the Iron Works, were purchased. New buildings were erected in 1867, but burned Dec. 15 of that year, with a large uninsured loss, to which were added the severe damage by fire at the Bay State Print Works -then owned land operated by the corapany, a few days previous. The -plant w-as at once re built, but the 'heavy fire loss so burdened the corporation that in 1879 it was forced to suspend, and in 1880 a new corporation was formed under -the present name, with a capital of $300,000, which 'has since been in creased -to $750,000. The plant now has 30 printing m-achines, with a weekly capacity of 100,000 pieces, of the celebrated American prints. Holder Borden, the flrst manager of the plant, held ofiice -till 1837. Jefferson Borden, who succeeded him, held the position from that time until 1876, when Thomas J. Borden was elected -agent. M. C. D. Borden, who directed the New York end of the business for the dispo-sal of the -product, acquired Thomas J. Borden's interest in 1886, and has since 'been the 'Sole owner. He is president of the corporation, with B. H. Borden, treas urer, and M. C. -D. Borden, B. H. Borden and H. -S. Borden directors. James B. Harley w-as superintendent for many years until his death, when he was succeeded by his son, Harry B. Harley, who still -holds that posi tion. The Fall River Manufactory was organiz ed in March, 1813, with a capital of $40,000 by David Anthony, Dexter Wheeler and Abraham Bowen, and erected a three-story mill, 60x40. It w-as incorporated with $150,- 000 capital in 1820, and in 1827 built what was known -as the "Nankeen Mill," which was operated by Azariah -and Jarvis Shove in making nankeen cloth. This was de molished as well as -the flrst structure, known as "the old yellow mill," in 1839, to make ¦room for "the white -mill." This was burned in 1868 and the following year the present five-story granite structure, 275x74, was erected, extended in 1891, to increase its capacity to 41,000 spindles. In 1897 the capital was reduced from $150,000 -to $30,000 and increased to $240,000. The property was acquired by the Pocasset Mfg. -Co. in 1905. Dexter Wheeler was president of the company 1813-24; William Mason, 1824-32; Jason iH. Archer, 1832-33; William H. Mason, 1833-59; Richard Borden, 1859-62; David An thony, 1862-03; Richard Borden, 1863-66; Nathan Durfee, 1866-74; John S. Brayton, 1874-1904. The treasurers have been David Anthony, Holder Borden, Bradford Durfee, S. A. Chace, Andrew Borden, Thomas S. Borden and W. Frank Sihove. The Troy Cotton & Woolen Manufactory was -organized -as the Troy Mfg. Co. in March, 1813, largely through the efforts of Oliver Chace, Nathaniel Wheeler and Eber blade, with a capital of $50,000, in shares of $500 each, the present par value. Oliver Chace -was elected agent, and James Max well, S'heflield Weaver, Nathaniel Weaver, Benjamin Slade and Jonathan Brown a ' standing committee." In 1814, a charter was obtained, the name -changed to the pres ent title of -the corporation -and the capital increased to $66,-000. It was reorganized in 1862, and the capital raised to $300,000, the present figure. 'The flrst mill stood across the stream where the present factory now is, and was of stone, 108x37, four stories in height. It began operation in March, 1814, with 2,000 spindles. The mill was burned in 1821, and 'rebuilt in 1823. A three-story addition, of 'Stone, 75x47, was miade in 1843, and ten years later extended 80 feet and m-ade two stories higher. In 1860 the 1823 mill was removed and the present north end of the factory -built, 296x70, flve stories. The plant has 14,400 mule and 31,968 -frame spindles, and 1,059 looms, -all of which -are more than 32 inches in width. It em'ploys 400 hands and produces 5,000 pieces weekly. The treasurers have been Eber Slade, 1813- 24; Harvey Chace, 1824-43; Stephen Davol, 1843-60 ; Thomas J. Borden, 1860-76 ; Richard HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 77 B. Borden, 1876 to date. No presidents were elected under the original corporation; since 1862 they have been Richard Borden, Jeffer son 'Borden, John 'S. Brayton and the latter's son -of the same name. The -directors are John S. Brayton, Richard B. Borden, Brad ford D. Davol and Oliver S. Hawes. The superintendent is William E. Sharpies. The Pocasset Mfg. Co. was organized in 1822 with a cap'ital of $100,000 and acquired the land just west -of Main street, including the falls. Samuel Rodman of -New Bedford was the principal owner. The company voted first to erect a grist mill, but changed its plans and built what was called "The Bridge Mill" on -the north side of the stream near Main street, after tearing down the old -grist -mill that stood on the spot. One thousand spindles were placed in the south half of the new structure and the north half leased to D. & D. Buffinton for the manu facture of warp and batting. This mill, whioh was of stone, -three stories high, 40x 100, ran north and south, with a long ell over the river, and it was (here that the first print cloths were made, % yd. wide, and 44 picks to the square inch. It was -burned in 1843, together with the old fulling mill, which stood farther south, and the company shortly after erected the present Granite block on the site, sold a few years ago. A year or two later it erected a part of Its present factory, 219x75, and flve stories in height, the flrst large mill to :be constructed here aii-d notable for its width -as well as its length. It commenced running in 1847. This plant has been enlarged from time to time, raost recently by the purchase of the Fall River Manufactory. Oliver -Chace, the flrst agent (of the -com-pany, served until his death in 1837, and was succeeded by Micah H. Ruggles, 1837-57. Stephen Davol follow ed Mr. Ruggles as treasurer and agent fro-m 1858 to 1873, when the oflice w-as divided aUd Mr. Davol becarae agent, with 'Bradford Davol treasurer. The latter remained in of fice till 1891, when he was succeeded by W. Frank Shove, the present treasurer. Henry b. Howe, Theophilus Parsons and William S. Whitney were agents, succeeding Stephen Davol. Thomas E. Brayton has been presi dent since 1891, having sticceeded -Stephen Davol 'and Horatio Hathaway. The capital has gone 'through various -changes. It was reduced in 1888 from $1,160,000 to $800,000, and in 1893 to $600,000, the present -flgure, by the -payment of $200,000 to -the stock holders. The corporation now operates 114,208 frame spindles, and 2,912 looms, of which 1,862 are for wide goods. The direc tors are Samuel W. Rodman, B. R. Weld, George S. Davol, Josepih F. Knowles, Thomas S. Hathaway, B. D. Davol, T'homas B. Bray ton, Edward L. Anthony, and W. Frank Shove. Thomas Connors is superintendent. Early in its -history the company built a number of stone Sitructures to rent for small manufactories. In one of -these, erected in 1825 and known as the -S'atinet factory, the business of Robeson's print works was flrst carried on, while the south part was occu pied first -by Samuel -Shove & Co., and later by John and Jesse Eddy, the successors of this firm, in whioh they had -been partners, for the manufacture of woolens, a business that gave the mill its name. It was built of heavy granite, with the north end on the stream and the south on Pocasset street, and was three stories in height on the east side.. It was to'rn down to make room for the present Pocasset mill, and the Eddys removed to the Eagle -mill in Tiverton, where the 'business was carried on several years till 'the factory was burned. The firm (had been -dissolved some time before, and Jesse Eddy in co-m-pany with Joseph Durfee erect ed -the Wamsutta mills. Mr. Durfee died before -manufacturing began -and it was car ried on successively by Jesse Eddy, J"esse Eddy & Co. and Jesse Eddy's Sons (Thomas 1'. and James C.) till a few years ago. The "New Pocasset" was built in 1826, on the site of the Quequechan mill, and leased to A. & J. -Sihove and Chase & Luther, for cotton manufacturing. The small mill now run -by the Pocasset at the west side of its main plant was -built in 1827 and known first as the Massasoit and later as the Watuppa mill. It was so large for its time that it was not thought one firm would wish to take all,, so a partition was built 'and two wheelpits -put in. It was leased 'by Brown & Ives of Providence for cotton manufacture, but they soon became dissatisfied with the water power and pro posed removing the machinery to Lonsdale. Holder Borden bought out their interest and continued the mill on his own account. It was notable as the first mill in- this vicinity in W(hich power was distributed by belts in stead of gears. In 1843, when the lease had about expired, the M'assasoit raill on Davol street was erected and -the machinery trans ferred. This last was better known as "the Doctor's mill," 'because in later years largely owned and run 'by Dr. Nat'Ii'an Diirfee. It 78 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER had a capital of $120,000, afterwards in creased to $200,000, and in 1870 contained 14,448 spindles and 354 looms. It was burned Nov. 2, 1875, and was not rebuilt. ihe site, as well as that of the Massasoit flour mill, formerly Chase, Nason & Durfee, is now occupied by the Massasoit Mfg. Co. The old mill on Pocasset street was operated for a time as a cotton mill under the agency of Linden Cook, by a corporation known as the Wahtahpee mills (the old spelling of Watuppa) -and eventually became a part of the Pocasset Company. The Quequechan mill, also erected by the parent company, -was a part of Robeson's Pall River Print Works until 1859, when 6,000 spindles were placed in it and cotton manufacture begun. The capacity was gradually increased to 12,800 in 1867. After the failure of 'the print works the mill was operated for the creditors with Andrew Robeson, third, .manager, until 1 879, -w-hen a corporation called the Quequechan mills was organized with Mr. Robeson treasurer. He resigned in 1881 and was succeeded by D. H. Dyer. The business proved unprofit able and after a time the -mill was sold and devoted to other purposes. The Anawan Manufactory, which stood over the stream, where the Fall River Iron Works No. 7 -mill now is, was erected by the Iron Works interests in 1825, though as a separate corporation. It was a large factory in its day, with 10,000 spindles, and was notable for the ham-mered granite blocks used in its lower -stories, which were uti lized in the building of the new mill when the old was razed in 1905. Like the Meta comet 'it was run -by the Iron Works under the direction of Major Bradford Durfee, Foster Stafford 'and Richard B. Borden, until the division of the tiroperty in 1880. Thomas S. Borden and W. Prank Shove have -been recent treasure-rs of the -corpora tions, with Jefferson Borden and John 'S. Bray-ton, presidents. The Anawan discon tinued operations in the late 90's. The Wampanoag mills were organized in 1871, with Robert T. Davis, president; W-alter C. Durfee, treasurer; and R. T. Davis, W. C. Durfee, John D. Flint, Stephen Davol, Foster A. Stafford, Simeon Borden, George H. Eddy, Alphonso S. Covel, Lloyd S. Earle, William H. Jennings and John H. Boone directors. The first mill was -of granite, 298x74, flve stories high, with 28,000 spindles. Number 2, also of granite, flve stories high, 328x74, was erected in 1877, and a weave shed, 215x96, two stories In height, built in 1887. The original capital of $400,- 000 was Increased to $500,000 in 1877 and -to $750,000 in 1887. The plant now has 14,852 mule and 70,336 frame spindles, and 2,215 looms, of which 1,547 are more than 32 inch es wide. It has a weekly production of 12,- 000 pieces. Mr. Davis is still president. W-alter C. Durfee w-as treasurer till 1891, When he was succeeded by Eflangham C. H'aight, followed by William Evans in 1901 and by W. Frank Shove in 1905. The direc tors are Robert T. Davis, John D. Flint, Geo. H. Eddy, Franklin L. Almy, John H. Boone, Wm. H. Jennings, Robert C. Davis and W. P. Shove. Jas. O. Thompson, Jr., is super intendent. The Stafford -raills were organized in 1871, with a capital of $550,000, increased in 1888 to $800,000 and In 1896 to $1,000,000. Foster H. 'Stafford waB the flrst president and agent, with S-hu-bael P. Lovell treasurer and P. H. -Stafford, Sarauel Hathaway, Charles 'P. S-tickney, Robert T. Davis, William C. Davol, William L. Slade, Danforth Horton, Ed mund Chase and Weaver Os-born -directors. The flrst mill was of five stories, granite, 374x70, and was followed in 1886 by a sec ond of the same material and dimensions. A weave shed, 173x160, was erected in 1900. The plant has 100,576 frame spindles and 2,617 looms, of which 791 are more than 32 incihes wide. It em-ploys 825 hands and has a weekly production of 14,000 pieces. Foster H. Stafford, -the first president, died in 1891, and was succeeded by Robert T. Davis. The treasurers have been: S. P. Lovell, 1871- 82; Albert E. Bosworth, 1882-88; Efflngham C. Haight, 1888-90; Prank W. Brightman, 1890-1901; Fred E. Waterraan since 1901. The directors are Robert T. Davis, Robert Henry, John C. Milne, Edward E. Hathaway, Samuel W. Hathaway, Charles B. Luther and Fred E. Waterm'an. The superintendent is Timothy Sullivan. The American Linen Company was incor porated in 1852 as the American Linen Man ufacturing Company, with a capital of $350,- 000. Colonel Richard Borden, .Jefferson Bor den, Oliver S. Hawes -and Lazarus Borden were the chief promoters -of the enterprise, which was started for the manufacture of fine linen fabrics. Large stone buildings were erected, including a mill 301x63, but the -demand for 'the product soon fell off, because of the introduction of thin wcwlen and cotton cloths, which could be purchased at less cost, and in 1858 the machinery was HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 79 removed to smaller buildings, wihere -the manufacture of linen was carried on till 1864. The m-ain building was enlarged and equipped for the production of print cloth, and in 1866 the No. 2 was built, 393x72, and five S'tories 'high. The two upper stories of this factory were burned June 29, 1876, and rebuilt with a flat roof. The mill was ex tended 80 feet in 1893. The company was chartered um-der its -present name in 1853, but in 1879 it was discovered that through the neglect of certain formalities it was not in legal possession of the plant, and -the old company had to be revived for a time by Legislative act to allow proper conveyance. The mill -has 18,816 mule and 72,416 frame S'pindles, with 2,350 narrow and 100 wide looms. It employs 925 hands and has a weekly production of 15,000 pieces. Richard Borden was president from 1852-75; Jeffer son Borden, 1875-87; John S. Brayton, 1887- 1904, when he was succeeded by Richard B. Borden. Walter Paine, 3d, was treasurer until 1879 and Philip D. Borden from 1879- 1890, when he was succeeded -by James E. Osborn. The directors are Richard B. Bor den, Clark Shove, Oliver S. Hawes, Jeffer son Borden, James E. Osborn and John S. Brayton. The superintendent is John A. Collins. -Since 1901 the company -has oper ated the Allen Print Works at Providence for the fln-ishing of a part of its product. The original capital was increased in 1889 to $800,000. The Union mills were -the flrst to be built here o-n the basis of general subscription by the comraunity, and were -started chiefly through the efforts of Hale Remington in 1859. A com-pany was formed with $175,- 000 capital, S. Angler Chace, president; David -Anthony, treasurer; Simeon Borden, clerk, and S. A. Chace, David Anthony, Hale Remington, William Mason, Charles O. S'hove and Charles P. Dring, directors. A 15,000 spindle mill was erected, followed by another of twice its size in 1865. No. 3 mill was built in 1877, and No. 4 mill in 1895 as an addition to No. 2. This last is three stories in height, 140x94. The plant now has 24,640 -mule and 85,488 frame spindles and 2,859 looms, of which 1,717 are more than 32 inches in width. It em-ploys 825 hands. S. A. Chace succeeded Mr. -Anthony as treasurer, and in 1878, owing to financial irregularities, the company passed into the hands of its creditors. It was reorganized as the Union Cotton Manu facturing Company, with a capital of $500,- 000, William D. Forbes, president, and Thomas E. Brayton, treasurer. Mr. Forbes was succeeded as president by James M. Morton, he toy Horatio Hathaway, and he by Edward L. Anthony. The capital was increased to $750,000, and then to $1,200,000, its 'present figure. The directors are Edward L. Anthony, Thomas M. Stetson, Thomas B. Wilcox, Joseph P. Knowles, Andrew Borden, Thomas E. Brayton -and Thomas S. Hatha way. The superintendent is John C. Judge. The King Philip mills were incorporated in 1871, with a -capital of $500,000. Crawford E. Lindsey was president, Elijah C. Kilburn, treasurer, and Jonathan Ohace, James Henry, 'S. Angler Chace, Crawford B. Lind sey, Philip D. Borden, Charles O. Shove, Elijah C. Kilburn, Az-ariah S. Tripp, Benja min A. Chace, Simeon Borden and -Charles H. Dean, directors. The first -mill was of granite, 320x92. In 1881 the capital was in creased to $1,000,000, and mill No. 2 erected, 380x92. This was followed by two large weave sheds, one 288x100, in 1888, and the other 406x127, in 1892. The mills now have 44,800 mule, and 89,200 frame spindles and 3.000 looms, of which all are more than 32 inches in width. They employ 1,100 'hands and produce plain and fancy fine goods. -Crawford E. Lindsey was presi dent till 1883; Robert Henry, 1883-85; Charles J. Holmes, 1885-1906, and George A. Ballard since March, 1906. Simeon B. Chase succeeded Mr. Kilburn as treasurer on his death in 1885. The directors are George A. Ballard, Henry H. E-arl, Leontine Lincoln, Charles B. Fisher, Simeon B. -Chase, Oliver S. Hawes, James P. Jack-son, William P. Draper and Francis A. Poster. P. A. Mathewson is superintendent. The Granite mills were organized in 1863, largely th'rough the efforts of Charles O. Shove and Edmund Chase The capital was originally $225,000. William Mason wa's president, C'harles O. S'hove treasurer, and William 'Mason, John S. Brayton, Edmund Chase, C. O. (Shove, Lazarus Borden, Sam uel HatbaW'ay and Charles P. Stickney direc tors. A fivestory -granite mill, 328x72, was erected in 1863 and No. 2, 378x74, in 1871, No. 1 was partially -burned, with loss of life, September 19, 1874, and at once rebuilt. In 1893 a third mill, of granite, two stories in height, 237x127, was erected for spin ning; one of one S'tory, 234x127, for weaving, and 'a one-story picker room, 127x44. The plant has a total of 33,416 mule and 85,600 frame spindles, and 3,090 80 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER looms, of which 1,538 are wide. It em ploys 1,100 hands in the production of 11,000 pieces weekly of fine and medium goods .to order. The capital 'was increased to $400,000 in May, 1804, and in July of the same year to $415,000; -reduced in 1871 to $400,000; increased by a stock 'dividend to $800,000 in 1892 and to $1,000,000 in 1893. Williara Mason was president until 1892; John S. Bray-ton, 1892-1904; Edward E. Hathaway since 1904. Charles O. Shove was succeeded as -treasurer by his son, Charles M. Shove, in 1875. The directors are John S. Brayton, Edward E. Hathaway, Robert Henry, Charles M. Shove and Edward -Shove. Thomas H. McCreery is superintendent. The B-arnard Manufacturing Company was organized in October, 1873, through the ef forts of Louis L. Barnard, Stephen Davol, William H. Jennings and Nathaniel B. Bor den. The capital was flxed at $400,000, but was afterwards reduced to $330,000. W-ork was at once begun to erect a -cotton factory of -stone, 280 feet long and 74 feet wide, to contain 28,400 spindles (14,880 mule and 13,520 frame spindles) and 768 30-inch looms. The buildings were completed in the summer of 1874. The B'arnard mill was one of the flrst, if not the flrst, to manufacture cloth other than the regular 28-inch -print cloths, and was the flrst of -the new imills in Pall River to adopt the Sawyer Ring Spindle for spinning warp. S'pindles -and looms were added from time to time, until in 1895 the mill contained 37,200 spindles (17,360 mule and 19,840 ring spindles) and 918 looms (685 narrow and 233 wide). In 1896 the capital stock 'having been increased to $495,000 and a new granite weave shed of irregular shape, 364 feet long and 148 feet wide in its widest part, two stories high, having been -built, new machinery of every description was bought and installed, so that now the mill is prac tically a new mill with modern appliances and contains 66,480 frame spindles and 1,764 looms (580 narrow and 1,184 wide), and gives employment to 600 hands. Louis L. Barnard, for whom the mill was named, was the fl-rst 'president of the corporation, 1873 to 1880. William H. Jennings was pres ident, 1880 to 1885; Dr. James M. Aldrich succeeded Mr. Jennings, 1885 to 1896, and Brad-ford D. Davol -has -been president since 1896. Nathaniel B. Borden has been treas urer since the form-ation of the corporation. Isaac L. Hart was the flrst superintendent, and -died in Decem'ber, 1886, and was suc ceeded by William Hathaway, the present in cumbent. The directors are: Bradford D. Davol, Fall River; Arnold B. Chace, Provi dence; William H. Gifford, North West- port; Leontine Lincoln, Fall River; William H. Jennings, Fall River; Simeon Borden, Pall River; Stephen A. Jenks, Pawtucket; and Nalthaniel B. Borden Pall River. The Border City mills were incorporated in 1872, with a capital of $1,000,000. S. An gler Chace, George T. Hathaway, -Step-hen Davol, Chester W. Greene, Elijah C. Kilburn, Charles P. -Stickney, Alexander D. Easton, John M. Dean, William E. Dunham, James E. Cunneen -and Horatio N. Durfee constituted the -board of direction; S. Angler Chace was chosen president, and George T. Hathaway treasurer. Mill No. 1 was built in 1872 and mill No. 2 the following year. November 2, 1877, mill No. 1 was destroyed by fire. In the spring of 1878 this -company failed and the property passed into the hands of -its creditors. Pebruary 25, 1880, a new company was formed under the name of the Border City Manufacturing Comipany, with a capital of $400,000. Walter C. Durfee, John S. Brayton, Crawford B. Lindsey, Alphonso S. Covel, Jonathan Bourne, J. Arthur Beauvais, Moses W. Richardson, William H. Hill, Jr., George M. Woodward were elected directors; John S. Brayton was chosen president, Otis N. Pierce treasurer and William J. Kent super intendent. December 9, 1880, it was voted to rebuild the mill destroyed by flre and to increase the capital to $600,000. May 24, 1882, the capital was again increased to $800,000. April, 1882, Mr. Pierce and Mr. Kent re signed and were succeeded by Edward L. Anthony as treasurer and Gilbert P. Cuttle as superintendent. May 15, 1888, it was voted -to -build -mill No. 3 and -the capital was Increased -to $1,000,000. The corporation now has 39,044 mule, 80,768 frame spindles and 2,956 looms, 2,324 of which are wide looms. It employs 1,000 hands. 'Mr. John S. -Brayton served as president of the corporation until his death and was succeeded in November, 1904, by Thomas E. Brayton. Mr. Cuttle resigned -as superin tendent September 1, 1902, and was suc ceeded by John J. Shay. The Stevens Manuiacturing -Company was incorporated in 1892 with a capital of $250,- 000. Frank S. Stevens was president, George H. Hills, -treasurer, and Frank S. -Steve'us, Robert T. Davis, Simeon B. Chase, Edward B. Jennings, George H. Hills, W. W. Crapo HISTORY OF FALL RTVER 8J and William P. Draper directors. Land was purchased, buildings were erected and ma chinery installed for the manufacture of satin, Marseilles and crochet quiltings. In April, 1899, the capital was increased to $350,000. The capital was still further in creased in November of 1901 to $700,000, an-d in 1902 -a second raill was built for the manufacture of cotton and linen damask and also cotton and linen crash. The corpora tion now employs about 600 hands. Mr. Hills, 'the first treasurer, is still in offlce. Mr. F. S. Stevens died April 25, 1898, and was succeeded by Simeon B. Chase, who is now the president of the corporation. The directors are W. W. Crapo, J. E. Os-born, Robert T. Davis, E. B. Jennings, S. B. Chase, George H. Hills and Robert S. Goff. Thomas McAuliffe is the superintendent. The Barnaby mills were incorporated in 1882, with $300,000, -with Simeon B. Chase president. Step-hen B. Ashley treasurer and S. B. Chase, -Samuel Waddington, Robert T. Davis, George S. Hawes, S. B. Ashley, George H. Hills, J. B. Barnaby, C'harles B. Barney and Wdlliam P. Draper -directors. A 16,000 spindle mill, -with 500 looms, was erected for the manufacture -of fine ging hams. The mill now has 16,000 frame spin dles -and 1,050 looms, -and e-m'ploys 550 hands, producing 2,500 pieces weekly. The original capital was increased in 1884 to $400,000, and in 1904 decreased to $100,000 and raised to $350,000. Mr. Chase was succeeded -as president in 1900 by Jerome C. Borden. The treasurers have been S. B. Ashley, 1882-1900; Arthur H. Mason, 1900-1904; Pred W. Harley, 1904-5; Harry L. French since 1905. The directors are Jerome C. Bor den, B. D. Davol, F. -0. Dodge, James P. Jackson, William C. Hawes and F. W. Har ley. Eben C. Willey is superintendent. The Flint mills were organized in Feb ruary, 1872, with a capital of $500,000, in creased in October to $580,000. John D. Flint was the -first president, Stephen C. Wrlghtington treasurer and John D. Flint, Robert T. Davis, Stephen Davol, William H. Jennings, Williara T. Hall, Daniel McGowan, Gardner T. Dean, S. C. Wrlghtington, Wil liam Carroll and Cornelius Hargraves direc tors. A flve-story mill, 300x94, was erected, destroyed by fire October 28, 1882, and -at once rebuilt. The plant has 50,816 frame spindles, 1,164 looms, of which 978 are more tnan 32 inches wide; employs about 500 hands and has a weekly production of 50,000 pounds under norm'al conditions. Mr. Wrlghtington resigned as treasurer In iviarch, 1872, and was succeeded -by George H. Eddy, who served untdl 1878. John D. Flint then itoo-k the position, and Bradford D. Davol 'became president. In 1879 Mr. Flint resumed the presidency and Bradford D. Davol was elected treasurer, remaining until 1882, when he was succeeded by Wil liam iS. Potter. The directors are John D. Flint, Franklin L. Almy, -Bradford D. Davol, John P. Stafford, Thomas L. Doyle and William -S. Potter. Superintendent, Robert Place. The -Mechanics mills were incorporated in 1808, with $750,000 capital. Thomas J. Bor den was 'President and agent, D. H. Dyer clerk and treasurer, and Thomas J. Borden, Stephen Davol, Lazarus Borden, Job B. French, Southard H. Miller, B. M. C. Durfee, Tillinghast Records, James M. Morton and A. D. Easton directors. A flve-story brick mill, 372x92 was erected. The capacity of the plant 'has been gradually increased, till it now has 17,248 mule and 41,072 frarae spindles, with 1,550 looms, of which 516 -are more than 32 inches in width. It employs 550 hands and (has a weekly production of 7,500 pieces. The presidents have -been: Thomas J. Borden, 1868-71; Stephen Davol, 1871-88; Thomas J. Borden, 1888-1902; John. S. Brayton, 1902-1904; Richard B. Borden, 1904 to date. D. iH. Dyer, ithe flrst treas urer, was succeeded by Thomas J. Borden from 1871-76; George B. Durfee, 1876-79; Frank S. Stevens, 1879-82; H. N. Durfee, 1882-92; Edward Shove, 1892-1905; Edward L. Anthony in 1905. The -directors are Rich ard B. Borden, Bradford D. Davol, Edward S. Adams, John S. Brayto-n and Edw-ard L. Anthony. Felix Crankshaw is superintendent. The -Seaconnet mills were organized in 1884, with a capital of $400,000, and erected a 35,000 spindle 'mill, enlarged in 1895 to about its present -size. The capital was in creased in 1894 to $600,000. The flrst officers were: President, Henry C. Lincoln; Treas urer, Edward A. C(hace; Directors, Henry C. Lincoln, George A. Draper, Stephen A. Jencks, William Beattie, D. A. Chapin, Wil liam R. Warner, Augustus Chace, Milton Reed and Reuben Hargraves. Mr. Jencks was elected president in 1884, on Mr. Lin coln's death, -and was succeeded in 1888 by Leontine Lincoln. Edward A. Chace was treasurer untill 1904, when 'he was succeeded te-m-porarily by Milton Reed and soon -after by William N. 'McLane. James E. Cunneen has been superintendent since the -organiza- 82 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER tion -of the corporation. It now has 65,400 frame spindles and 1,848 looms, of which 732 are more than 32 inches in width. The number of hands employed is 600, an-d the weekly production iO,000 pieces. The di rectors -are Leontine Lincoln, Joseph A. Bowen, William ,'Beattie, Stephen A. Jencks, William -R. Warner, J. T. Lincoln and WU liam N. McLane. The Tecumseh mills were incorporated in 1866 by Augustus Chace, James W. Hartley, John P. Slade and their associates, with a capital of $350,000, in shares of $1,000 each, reduced in 1877 to $62,000. A flve-story granite mill, 196x72, w-as erected on Hartwell street. A large add-ition w-as built a few years later and in 1872 a second mill, 200x75, w-as constructed on Plymouth avenue, fol lowed in 1895-96 by No. 3, 310x100 feet. The plant now has 75,824 frame spindles and 1,806 looms, of which 934 are more than 32 inches wide. It employs 600 liands and has a weekly production of 12,000 pieces. Augus tus Chace was -the flrst president, Isaac B. Chace treasurer, and Augustus Chace, James W. Hartley, Louis L. Barnard, Lazarus Bor den, Jonathan T. Lincoln, Cook Borden -and Danforth Horton, directors. Augustus C(hace was president until 1880, when he was suc ceeded by Jerome C. Borden. Isaac B. Chace, the first treasurer, was followed by -Simeon B. C'hase, and in August, 1882, by Prank H. Dwelly. The directors are Jerome C. Bor den, Simeon B. Chase, Leontine Lincoln, George H. Hills and P. H. Dwelly. Robin son Walmsley is superintendent. The capi tal was increased May 14, 1906, from $500,- 000 to $750,000. The Davol mills were organized in 1866 and incorporated the following year. The capital was fixed Pebruary 3, 1868, at $270,- 000. A five-story brick mill, about 300 feet long by 73 feet wide, was erected, an-d the manu facture of -shirting, sheeting, silesia and fancy fabrics -begun. In 1871 the directors were authorized to build an addition to con tain about the same number of spindles, and this addition wa.s placed at right angles with tihe original mill, so that the plant now forms two sides of a quadrangle. On May 1, 1878, by vote of the stockhold ers, the capital stock was increased to $400,- 000. This increase was not successful. On Decem'ber 18, 1879, the capital stock was reduced from $400,000 to $2,700, and on the same day increased from $2,700 to $400,000. On May 7, 1888, the capital stock was reduced from $400,000 to $100,000, and at the same time increased to $300,000. June 24, 1890, the stock was further in creased from $300,000 to $400,000. The mill now has 11,008 mule spindles, 33,- 664 frame 'Spindles and 1,240 looms, of Which 1,094 are more than 32 inches wide. It em ploys 380 hands and produces about 4,000 pieces of plain and fancy goods weekly. William C. Davol was president from 1866 to 1882; Jonathan -S'lade from 1882 to 1883; P. S. Stevens from 1883 to 1885; A. B. San ford from 1885 to 1892; Frank L. Fish from 1892 to 1903. W. R. Chester has now -been president since 1903. William C. Davol, Jr., 'was treasurer from 1866 to 1878; P. S. Stevens 'from 1878 to 1883; C. M. Slade from 1883 to 1885; -B. W. Nichols from 1885 to 1887. George H. -Hills, the present treasurer, has occupied this of fice since 1887. The directors now are: W. R. Chester, N. J. Rust, C. R. Batt, J. J. Hicks, W. S. Granger, P. L. Fish, S. B. Chase, G. S. Eddy. Richard G. Riley is the superintendent. The Richard Borden Manufacturing Com pany was incorporated in 1871 with a capital of $800,000. Richard Borden was -president, Thom-as J. Borden treasurer, and Richard Borden, Philip D. Borden, Thomas J. Bor den and A. S. Covel directors. The first -mill was erected in 1872, and the No. 2 in 1889. The mills have 80,688 frame and 15,360 mule spindles, and 2,529 looms, of which 2,295 are over 32 inches. They em-ploy 745 hands and have a weekly production equiva lent to 15,000 -pieces of print cloths, nearly all wide goods and fancies. The capital of the corporation has remained unchanged, ex cept that in 1889 it was reduced to $675,000 and again increased to $800,000 by paynfent of $125,000. On the death of Colonel Rich ard Borden, in 1874, his son, Richard B. Bor den, was elected president and continued in oflice until 1876, when his brother, Thom'as J., resigned as treasurer. Richard B. took that 'position, and Thomas J. was made presi dent. He was succeeded as president on his death, in 1902, by Edward P. Borden, of P'hiladelp'hia. The present directors are Richard B. Borden, .Terome C. Borden, Rich ard P. Borden, Rufus W. Bassett, Edward P. Borden. Alexander Makepeace Is super intendent. The Shove mills were organized in the spring 'Of 1872, largely through the efforts of John P. Slade, Charles O. S'hove, George A. Chace and Joseph McCreery, and chartered HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 83 April 2, with a capital of $550,000. llhe corporaition's name was selected in honor to Mr. Shove, who 'was elected the first presi dent. John P. Slade was treasurer, and C'harles O. Shove, joseph McCreery, -George A. Chace, Lloyd S. Earle, William ConneU, Jr., Nathan Chace, Isaac W. Howland, Josiah C. Blaisdell and John P. Slade directors. The foundation of the first mill was put in in 1873, the structure completed in 1874 and put in operation the following April. It is of granite, 339x74, and five stories in height. The No. 2 mill, also of granite, 194x75 feet, and three stories high, was built on -the Rhode Island side of the State line in 18S0- 81 and devoted to spinning. A two-story weave -shed, 184%xl20 feet, was erected in 1897. The mills have 72,800 spindles, composed -of 11,232 mule and 61,568 frarae. They have 2,100 looms, of which 1,100 are more -than 32 inches -wide, and employ 700 hands in the manufacture of print cloths and odd counts. The weekly production is 8,000 pieces. C'harles O. Shove, the flrst president, was succeeded 'On -his death in 1875 by John P. Slade, in 1880 by Charles M. S'hove, and in 1900 by Isaac W. Ho-wlan-d. Mr. Slade was succeeded as treasurer by George A. Chace in 1874 and by Cyrus C. Rounseville in 1884. The 'present board of directors consists of Isaac W. Howland, Cyrus C. Rounseville, Penner C. Brownell, John A. -Miller -and Charles A. Harably. Charles H. Richardson, Jr., is superintendent. The Chace mills were incorporated in 1871, with a capital of $500,000, through -the enter prise of Augustus Chace, George W. Grinnell, C'Ook Borden and Joseph A. Baker. Augus tus Chace was 'president until his death, in 1886, when he was succeeded by Edward B. Hathaway. Joseph A. 'Baker has been treasurer since the flrst. A six-story gran ite 'mill was erected in 1872, 377x74, and No. 2, of granite, 310x120, -two stories, in 1895. In 1906 the comp>any purchased the plant of the Burlington Cotton mills, at Burlington, Vt., and now operates a total of 115,928 spin dles and 2,647 looms. It e-miploys 850 hands and has a 'weekly production of 11,000 pieces. The original capital has been increased toy S'to-ok dividends to $750,000 in 1899, and $900,- 000 in 1905. The directors are Edward B. Hathaway, Jose'ph A. Baker, George W. Grin nell, Jerome -C. Borden, John H. Estes and Henry H. Eddy. John C. Smith is superin tendent. The Merchants' Manufacturing Company was organized in the fall of 1866, with a cap ital of $800,000, largely through the efforts of William H. Jennings, who 'became the flrst treasurer, with James Henry president and James Henry, W. H. Jennings, Augustus Chace, L .L. -Barnard, Robert S. Gibbs, Charles H. Dean, Crawford E. Lindsey, Rob ert K. Remington and Lafayette Nichols di rectors. A granite mill, flve -stories in height, was erected and the flrst cloth made in February, 1868. In 1871 the -structure was enlarged to a total length of 397 feet, in which there were then 85,570 spindles and 1,942 looms. In March, 1893, the corporation acquired the adjoining property of the Cres cent -mills, and now -has 32,032 mule and 101,504 frame spindles, with 3,327 looms, of which 1,101 are more than 32 inches wide. It employs 1,150 -hands and has a weekly pro duction of 19,000 pieces. Since 1901 it has operated the Allen Print Works -at Provi dence, R. I., in conjunction with the Amer ican Linen Company, for the finishing of part of its pr-o-d'uot. 'Mr. Henry was president until 1893, when he was succeeded by James M. Osborn and he in 1898 by Edward B. Jen nings. The treasurers have been: W. H. Jennings, 1866-82; Simeon B. Chase, 1882- 85; Alp'honso B. Corel, 1885-1887; Andrew Borden, 1887-1898, and James B. Osborn since 1898. The directors are: Edward B. Jennings, Richard B. Borden, Robert T. Davis, Robert Henry, Andrew J. Jennings, George L. Davol, Thomas B. Brayton, Wil liam B. M. Chace -and James B. Osborn. Harry J. iRicke-tson is superintendent. The Bourne mills was incorporated in June, 1881, with seven stockholders, namely: Jonathan iBourne, George A. 'Chace, Edmund Chase, Lloyd -S. Earle, Danforth Horton, Charles -M. Sihove and Frank S. Stevens. The capital was fixed at $400,000. The capi tal was increased in Novem-ber, 1883, to $600,000 and reduced in October, 18S4, again to $400,000. In September, 1903, it increased to $1,000,000, $400,000 of which was paid in by a special dividend. The stockholders now number over eighty, -but a majority still remains in num-ber with the immediate families and heirs of the original seven land the Bourne interest controls a majority of 'the shares. The mills were built -to -manufacture goods upon orders, but toefore beginning opera tions Mr. George P. Morgan of Lowell, -an expert canton flannel manufacturer, was engaged as superintendent, -and the work diverted to this class of textiles. The biisi ness required the services of a selling agency 84 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER and proved unprofitable. Mr. Morgan re signed in 1885. Mr. Raymond Murray -was chosen his successor and rem'ained superin tendent till April, 1905. Upon his resigna tion Mr. William Evans became superintend ent, but resigned in October, when the pres ent -superintendent, Mr. George Delano, was elected. -Mr. Edmund Chase was first president of the corporation; upon his death, Hon. Jon athan Bourne became president. He died in 1889, 'and Ms son, Hon. Jonathan Bourne, jr. was made 'his successor. The next year Hon. P. S. Stevens was elected president, and continued till he resigned in 1S97, when Mr. Stephen A. Jenks was chosen. Mr. George A. Chace has -been clerk and treas urer from the beginning. The mills were built 'by him, with Lloyd S. Earle in charge of the m-asonry and Penner Brownell over the carpenter's work. There were installed 43,008 spindles and 1,080 looms. In 1900, a new weave shed w-as built under direction of Mr. Prank P. Sheldon, and the 'present plant contains 91,258 -spindles and 2,640 looms. In 1889 the corporation adopted a plan of proflt sharing with its employees, and reg ular semi-annual dividends upon wages have been declared ever -since, with one exceptio'n, on acco'unt of the general strike in 1904. The long .strike of 1904 was a severe blow to the comp-any, and the stock has recently been selling between $60 and $70 a share. The record of dividends follows: 1885, 2 per cent.; 1886, 6 per cent; 1887, 14 per cent; 1888, 16 per 'cent.; 1889, 16 per cent; 1890, 12 per cent; 1891, 12 per cent; 1892, 16 per cent.; 1893, 12 per oemt; 1894, 12 per cent; 1895, 24 per cent.; 1896, 12 per cent.; 1897, 18 per cent.; 1898, 8 per cent.; 1899, 10 per cent; 1900, 14 per cent; 1901, 6% per cent; 1902, 121/2 per cent; 1903, 491/2 per cent.; 1904, 3i^ per cent; 1905, 3 per cent. ; total, 279 per cent. The Luther Manufacturing C'Ompany was incorporated in 1903 with 'a capital of $350,- 000. Leontine Lincoln is president, Charles B. Luther treasurer, and Leontine Lincoln, Charles B. Luther, Robert C. Davis, John H. Estes, William H. Jennings, James Marshall and William N. McLane directors. The com pany took over the plant of the Robeson mills, which 'had been incorporated in 1866, with a capital of $260,000. Samuel Hatha way was the flrst president. Linden Cook treasurer, and Andrew Robeson, Charles P. Sti(»kney, Samuel Hathaway, William C. Davol, Jr., Linden Cook, Samuel Castner and Josiah (Brown, directors. Mr. Hathaway was president -till 1873; C. P. Stickney, 1873-78; Linden Cook, 1878-82; Danforth Horton, 1882-84; C. M. Hathaway, 1884-95; Charles B. Luther, 1895-98. Louis Robeson took Mr. Cook's place as treasurer when the latter be came president, was succeeded by Clarence M. Hathaway, and by C. B. Luther in 1898. The plant was enlarged and -raiodernlzed, fol lowing its 'Purchase by the Luther Com'pany, and now has 44,704 frame spindles, with 1,000 loo-ms, of which 850 are more than 32 inches wide. It employs 400 hands, and has a weekly production of 4,600 pieces. John H. Holt is superintendent $250,000 20-year 5 per -cent, -bonds were issued August 1, 1903. The directors are Leo-ntine Lincoln, C'harles B. Luther, Robert C. Davis, John H. Estes, William H. Jennings and James Mars-hall. The Conanicut mills were formed with a capital of $80,000 in 1880 by Crawford E. Lindsey and others to take over the Oifver Chace -mill, which had -been operated by Chace for the mianufacture of thread for about 25 years after its erection in 1840, and which 'bad passed into the control of the American Printing Co-mpany in 1860 and be come known as the Mount Hope mill. The flrst O'fficers -of the new corporation were: Preside-nt, Bd-mund W. Converse; Treasurer, Crawford E. Lindsey; Directors, E. W. Con verse, Charles L. Thayer, William Lindsey, Elijah C. Kilburn and Crawford E. Lind sey. The capital and the size of the plant have been increased, till it now 'has 21,712 frame and 5,750 mule -spindles, with 697 looms, and employs about 275 hands. -Mr. Converse, the flrst president, was succeeded -by his son of the same name on his death in 1894. Mr. Lindsey is still treasurer. The present directors are E. W. Converse, James H. Chace, C. E. Linasey, C. E. -Barney and Clarence A. Brown. The last is superintend ent. The Cornell mills were incorporated in 1889, with a capital of $400,000. The flrst officers were: John D. Flint, president; John W. Hargraves, treasurer, and John D. Flint, Re-uben Hargraves, Thomas Hargraves, Dan iel H. Cornell, Clark -C'hase, James F. Jack son, Cyrus -Was'hbum, Arthur L. Kelley, Stephen A. Jenks, Rodman P. SneUing and William P. Draper, Jr., -directors. A four- story granite mill was erected, 375x120. The plant has 41,920 frame spindles and 1,080 looms, of which 780 are more -than 32 -ifaches wide, employs 400 hands -and has a weekly production of 5,500 pieces of odd goods of HiSTORV OF FALL RIVER 85 flne and medium counts. Mr. Flint has been president since the organization. Pred E. Waterraan succeeded Mr. Hargraves as treasurer in 1890. The directors are John D. Flint, Daniel H. Cornell, James P. Jackson, Edward S. Adams, Fred E. W-aterman, John P. Stafford, Stephen A. Jenks, Myron Pish and Rodman P. -SneUing. Frank S. Akin is superintendent. The Laurel Lake mills were organized in 1881 by John P. Slade, Hon. Robert T. Davis and Henry C. -Lincoln, with a capital of $400„000. John P. Slade was elected presi dent and Abbott E. -Slade treasurer, and a 34,000 spindle mill erected, enlarged in 1896 by the building of an addition 93x161 feet. The capital iwas , increased to $500,000 in 1895, 'and in 1898 reduced to $200,000 and in>- creased to $300,000. The plant has 59,808 frame s'p-indles and 1,628 lix)-ms, of which 618 are more "than 32 inches in width. It em ploys 485 -hands and has a weekly produc tion 'Of 8,500 pieces. John P. Slade was president until his -death, when he was suc ceeded 'by 'his -son, Leonard N. Slade. Abbott E. Slade has -been treasurer from the organ ization of ,-tihe corporation, except October, 1898, to October, 1900, when Edward L. Anthony -held that position. The directors are Leonard N. Slade, Joseph H. Bowen, John B. Huard, S. W. -Bowen, Ralph W. Reynolds and L. Elmer Wood. Edmund La- lime is superintendent. The Weetamoe mills were incorporated in 1871, with $550,000 capital; Louis L. Bar nard, president; D. HartweU Dyer, -treas urer, and Messrs. Barnard, Dyer, Job B. Prench, Jonathan I. Hilliard, P. K. Hill, Will iam Lindsey, Francis B. Hood, Henry C. Lin coln and Elijah C. Kilburn directors. A flve- story 'brick mill, 320x74, was erected. The plant has 13,200 mule and 31,072 frame spin dles, and 1,183 looms of which 108 are more than 32 inches wide. It employs 400 ha-nds and has a weekly production of 6,700 pieces. L. L. Barnard was president 1870-75; Job B. French, 1875-94; William Lindsey, 1894-97, and George H. Eddy since that time. Mr. Dyer was treasurer till 1875; William Lind sey from 1875 to 1892, and Enoch J. Prench since 1892. The directors are George H. Eddy, John P. No-well, George N. Durfee, Enoch J. French Cornelius S. Greene, J. Ed ward Newton. Superintendent, Richard Thackeray. The iCrescent mills, now the property of the -Merchants Manufacturing Co-mpany, were incorporated in 1871, with a capital of $500,000, and a mill 339x74 erected, -with 33,280 spindles and 744 looms. The original officers were Benjamin Covel, president; La fayette Nichols, treasurer, and Benjamin Covel, Lafayette Nichols, Daniel A. Chapin, William B. Durfee, J. P. Nichols, Joseph Brady, David P. Brown, G. M. Haffards and Alphonso S. Covel, directors. The treasurers were: Lafayette Nichols, 1871-1873; Richard B. Borden, 1873-76; Alphonso S. Covel, elect ed in 1876, and followed by Benjamin W-ar- ren, until the purchase -of the property by the Merchants Manufacturing Co-mpany, in 1893. The Sagamore mills were incorporated in 1872, with a capital of $500,000. Louis L. Barnard 'w-as president, Francis B. Hood treasurer and Messrs. Barnard, Hood, J. C. Blaisdell, J. W. Hartley, Charles McCreery, J. J. Milliard, Joseph Borden, W. M. Almy, D. HartweU Dyer -and J. T. Wilson, directors. A flve-story brick mill, 320x73, was erected. In 1879 the company failed, following finan cial irregularities, an-d was reorganized as the Sagamore Manufacturing Company, with a capital -of $250,000, increased in 1880 to $500,000, again increased in 1881 to $75(5,000, decreased in 1884 to $600,000, and in 1888 increased to $900,000. A second mill was built iH 1882, iNo. 1 burned -in 1884 and re placed by a new structure in 1888. The plant now has 4,060 mule and 87,456 frame spindles, with 2,362 looms, of which 854 are more than 32 inches wide. It employs about 800 hands and has a weekly production of about 13,000 pieces. The presidents have been: L. L. Barnard, 1872-76; Jame'fe A. Hathaway, 1876-79; Theodore Dean, 1S79- 1885; Charles J. Holmes, 1885-1903; James M. Morton, Jr., 1903 to present time. The treasurers have been: Francis B. Hood, 1872-70; George T. Hathaway, 1870-79. When the corporation. Sagamore Manufacturing Company, was organized Hezekiah A. Bray ton was elected treasurer, Novem-ber 6, 1879, and has served in -that capacity ever -since. The directo-rs are: John S. Brayton. David H. Dyer, John D. Flint, David A. Brayton, Jr., H. A. Brayton, J'ames M. Morton, Jr., Randall W. Durfee, all of Pall River; Moses W. Richardson, of Boston, and Francis A. Foster, of Weston, Mass. Superintendent, James A. Burke, Jr. The Anoona Company, known until 1903 as the Slade Mills, was the first of the pres ent cotton factories to be erected i'h -the southern section of the city, and was incor porated in 1871 by William L. and Jona- 86 HISTORY OF FALL RlVER than Slade, Benjamin Hall and the Dwelly heirs, the owners of real estate 'in that locality, associated with P. S. Stevens, John C. Milne, W. and J. M. Osborn, Richard B. and Thomas J. Borden, S. Angler Chace, David A. Brayton and William Valentine, James M. Osborn was the first treasurer, succeeded in 1876 by Henry S. Penner, and in 1903 by Prank H. Dwelly. The capital, originally $550,000, was -changed in 1898 to $247,500 and later to $200,000, the present flgure. One hundred thousand dollars in 6 per cent, cumulative preferred stock was issued in 1903, and $200,000 in 5 per cent 30- year -bonds July 1 of that year. The mill has 38,880 frame spindles and 1,068 looms, of which 210 are more than 32 inches wide; e-m'ploy-s 380 hands and -produces 5,500 pieces of print cloths -a week. Simeon B. Chase is president, and the directors are James E. Os born, Simeon B. Chase, George H. Hills, James P. Jackson, P. A. Mathewson, F. H. Dwelly and James A. Chadwick. Daniel J. Harrington is superintendent. The Narragansett mills -were incorpor ated in 1871, 'With a capital of $350,000, soon after increased to $400,000. Alexander D. Easton was president, James Waring treas urer -and A. D. Easton, James Waring, Foster H. Stafford, Daniel -McCowan, Robert Adams, Samuel Watson, D. T. Wilcox, Holder B. Dur fee, William Valentine, James P. Hilliard and Robert Henry directors. A five-story b-nick mill, 300x75, was erected, an addition in 1882, and -a weave S'hed two stories -in height 120x70 in 1895. The plant now has 14,688 -mule -an'd 29,056 frame spindles and 1,233 looms, of which 1,164 are more than 32 inches wide. It employs 400 hands and pro duces 5,500 pieces weekly. The presidents have been: A. D. Easton, 1871-76; Holder B. Durfee 1876-78; Robert Henry, 1878-89, and Edward S. Adams since that time. Mr. War ing was succeeded as treasurer by I-s-aac A. Brown in 1897. The directors -are Edward S. Adams, James Hunter, Charles M. Allen, Oliver K. Hawes, Isaac A. Bowen, all of Pall River; Abraham Steinam, New York. Jabez Wilkinson is superintendent. The Osborn mills were incorporated in 1872, 'With Weaver Osborn president, Joseph Healy treasurer, and Weaver Osborn, Joseph Healy, James T. Milne, Benjamin Hall, An drew J. Borden, Joseph O'S'born, Joseph E. Macomber, George T. -Hathaway, John -C. Milne, D. Hartwell Dyer and Edward E. Hathaway, directors. A five-story granite mill, 318x74, was erected. In 1886 the capi tal 'Stock was increased to $600,000 and the adjoining property of the Montaup mills -was purchased and remodelled for a No. 2 Os born, for 'the -man-ufa-oture of fine gO'Ods. A further increase in the capital to $750,000 was made in 1900. The plant now has 21,420 mule and 49,424 frame spindles, with 1,808 looms, of which 842 are more than 32 inches wide. It employs 550- hands -and has a weekly production of 6,500 pieces. Weaver Osborn was president until his death in 1894; he -was succeeded 'by Jaraes M. Osborn, 'and in 1898 by John -C. Milne. Joseph Healy, the first treasurer, was succeeded on his death in 1901 by Simeon B. Chase. The directors are: John C. Milne, Edward E. Hathaway, John H. Estes, George N. Durfee, Elias A. ST'uttle, Simeon B. Chase and James E. Os born. Joseph Walters has been superintend ent since -the organization of the corporation. The Montaup mills were incorporated in 1871, with a capital of $250,000. Josiah Brown was president, Isaac Borden treas urer, and Josiah Brown, Bradford D. Davol, George B. Durfee, A. D. Easton, William L. Slade, Isaac Borden, George H. Hawes, Wil liam Valentine, Holder B. Durfee and Thos. J. Borden directors. A four-story brick mill, 242x74, was built 'and machinery installed for the manufacture of seamless cotton -bags. The demand fell off after a time, the busi ness -became -unprofl-t-able, and in 1886 the plant was sold to the Osborn mills. The machinery was removed, the -mill enlarged and equip-ped for tihe manufacture of the finer grades of twills, sateens, etc. It is known as Osborn No. 2. The Globe Yarn mills, now a part of the New England Cotton Yarn Com'pany, were incorporated in 1881, with W. H. Jennings president, Arnold B. Sanford treasurer, and Messrs. Jennings, Sanford, Frank S. Stevens, Robert T. Davis, Eben S. Draper, James E. O-s-bom and Daniel D. Howland directors. The original capital was $175,000, soon increased to $200,000, -then -to $356,000, both in 1881; to $600,o"bo in 1885, to $900,000 in 1887, and to $1,200,000 in 1891. Mill No. 1, 317x75, was built in 1881; No. 2, 355x75, in 1885; No. 3, 354x100, in 1887; an addition to No. 1, 109x 95, in 1891, and further enlargements since that time. The plant now has 41,000 mule and 58,080 frame spindles, and produces weekly 140,000 pounds of yarn and thread. It employs 1,500- hands. The presidents were: W. H. Jennings, 1881-1885; William Lindsey 1885-1896; Horace M. Barnes, for abrief period in 1896 until his -death; Jerome History of fall river 87 C. Borden, 1896-1900. A. B. Sanford was suc ceeded as treasurer in 1896 by Edward B. Jennings, who served until the plant entered the (New England Cotton Yarn Company in 1899. Charles R. Danielson is superintend ent of this plant 'and also of the Sanford Spinning. The Sanford Spinning Company, which is now also 'a part of the New England Cotton Yarn Company, was 'Started in 1891 through the efforts -of Arnold B. Sanford and Arthur H. Mason, -who -became president -and treas urer, respectively, to meet a growing de mand for colored and fancy yarns. The capital was $400,000, Increased in 1893 to $500,000. The first mill was of three stories, 374x100, with a dye house 150x68, 2% stories high. The plant now has 37 364 mule spin dles, employs 700 hands, and has a weekly prod-uction of 120,000 pounds. Mr. Sanford was president from 1891-97; Prank S. Ste vens, 1897-98, and 'Charles B. Cook from 1898 till the corporation was merged in the Yarn Company in 1899. Arthur H. Mason was treasurer during the entire period. The Parker mills were incorporated in May, 1895, largely through 'the efforts of Seth A. Borden, Leontine Lincoln and James B. Os-born, of this -city, and William H. Parker, of Lowell, and a mill, three stories in height, 397^^x148 feet wide, erected. The capital stock when incorporated was $450,000, -but was increased October 18, 1895, to $500,000. The 'plant contained originally 998 looms and 45,704 spindles. Later the looms were in creased to 1,088 and the spindles to 48,968, w-hiioh is the present equipment. The mill is equipped for weaving goods of -the finest yarns. In May, 1899, the capital was in creased to $800,000, and a mill built in War ren, R. I. The present capacity of that mill is 41,294 spindles and 1,382 looms. William H. Parker, of Lowell, was the first president, -and on 'his death, in 1898, Hon. Leontine Lincoln was elected to this oflice and has acted as president ever since. Seth A. Borden -has been treasurer of the corpo ration since its organization. The directors are George E. Parker, Stephen A. Jenks, Pred W. Easton Leontine Lincoln, James E. Osborn, John D. Flint, George C. Silsbury and Seth A. Borden. The Arkwright mills were incorporated in 1897 for the manufacture of flne cotton goods, with a capital of $450,000, and erected a four-story stone mill 395x127 feet; Joseph A. Bowen, the first president, and John P. Bodge, the treasurer, are still in office. The corporation 'has 00,308 frame spindles and 1,403 looms, of which 1,043 are more than 32 inches in width. It employs 500 hands and 'has a weekly production of from 5,000 to 7,000 pieces, -depending on kind of goods being made. The directors are Joseph A. Bowen, Leontine Lincoln,, Thom'as D. Covel, William H. Jennings, Chauncey H. Sears, James M. Morton, Jr., D. H. Cornell, Spencer Borden, Jr., John P. Bodge. Super intendent, C. C. Pierson. Durfee Mills. — A charter of incorpora tion under the name of Durfee MUls, was granted Bradford M. C. Durfee, David A. Brayton and John S. Brayton, of Pall River, iVlass., on February 15, 1866. The mills were named in memory of Bradford Durfee, whose son .Bradford M. C. Durfee -was the largest stockholder in the corporation. Eleven acres of land on the south side of Pleasant street and the west side of Eight Rod Way, now Plymouth avenue, were selected as the site upon w-hich to erect the mills. The first mill, 376x72 feet with flve stories and pitched roof, was erected of granite and equipped with the best machinery. On January 1, 1807, the engines were first started, in March, the first -cloth was made, and in November of that year the mill was in full operation. In 1871 Durfee Mill No. 2, a duplicate of mill No. 1, was built and equipped, -thus dombling the production of print cloths of this corporation. In 1880 the plant was further enlarged by the erection of mill No. 3, 127x44 feet. During 1884 and 1885 two stories were added to the ell of No. 2 -mill. The mill was revamped, new boilers were installed, -new engines replaced the geared engines, warp frame spinning was introduced to take the place of mules, and the mill was generally toned up. A new cotton house, 264x93 feet, -was completed in 1887, and the No. 2 weave shed was 'built in 1893. Extensive repairs and altera-tions were made -in No. 1 mill during 1894. New en gines, boilers, picking, carding and frame spinning for warp -and weft were installed at a large outlay -and -the mill was greatly im proved. A building containing the cloth room and repair shop was erected in 1895. In 1904 new engines were installed to as sist -the others in (No. 2 mill; new picking machinery, carding -and ,spinning frames were added. There are 137,488 frame spin dles and 3,514 looms in the plant. The Durfee mills are equipped to make -wide, medium and narrow cloths of dif- history of fall river ferent -counts and weights, and employ over eleven hundred operatives. Bradford M. C. Durfee held the office of president of the corporation until has death in 1872; John S. -Brayton frora 1872 until his death in 1904, and Hezeki-aJh A. Brayton is president at the present time. David A. Brayton, the originator of this extensive plant, was treasurer from its or ganization until his death in 1881, when he was succeeded by the present treasurer, David A. Brayton, Jr. The directors of the corporation have been Bradford M. C. Durfee, David A. Brayton, ..3hn S. Brayton, Israel Perry Brayton, David A. Brayton, Jr., Hezekiah A. Brayton, John Jenckes Brayton, Bradford W. Hitchcock, William L. iS. Brayton and John Summer- f.eld Brayton. The Davis mills were incorporated in 1902, with a capital of $500,000, for the manufac ture of flne cotton goods, with Leontine Lin coln president, J. Bion Richards treasurer, and Robert T. Davis, Leontine Lincoln, Dan iel H. Cornell, Thomas D. -Covel, William H. Jennings, William N. M'cLane, Williara B. Fuller, Jr., and J. Bion Richards directors. A 'Stone mill of three stories was erected in 1903. In January, 1905, the corporation went into the bands of receivers. March 29, 1905, the receivers were discharged, new capital being paid in, thereby putting the corpora tion on a sound flnanoial basis. Mr. Rich ards was succeeded as treasurer in Decem ber, 1904, by Edward Barker, and Mr. Bar ker in M-arch by Arthur H. Mason. The mill has 52,736 frame spindles and 1,100 wide looms. It employs 400 -hands and has a weekly production of 4,000 pieces. The pres ent offlcers are: President, Leontine Lin coln; Treasurer, Arthur H. Mason; Clerk, William E. Fuller, Jr.; Directors, Daniel H. Cornell, Thomas D. Covel, John H. Estes, Leontine Lincoln, William E. Fuller, Jr., Prank J. Hale, and -Arthur H. Mason. The superintendent is James A. McLane. The Hargraves mills were organized and incorporated in 1888, with a capital of $400,- 000, for the m-anufacture of cotton goods, largely through the efforts of Seth A. Borden, wd-t-h who-m were associated Re'Uben and Thomas Hargarves, Leontine Lincoln, John Barlow, James E. Osborn and Stephen A. Jenks. 'No. 1 mill was erected in 1889, of granite, four stories in height, 320x90. In 1892 the capital was increased to $800,000 and -No. 2 mill built, 482x127, a part three stories and 'a part two. The plant now has a total of 29,890 mule and 71,600 frame spin dles, with 3,102 looms, and manufactures goods of the flnest description. It employs about 800 hands. Reuben Hargarves, the first president, was succeeded by James E. Osborn in 1895 ,and by Leontine Lincoln in 1898. Seth A. Borden has been treasurer since the organization of the corporation. The directors are Leontine Lincoln, Ste phen A. Jenks, George C. Silsbury, Seth A. Borden, John D. Flint Fred W. Easton, Wal ter 'L. Parker. The superintendent is Wil liam Evans. A large hat-raaking business has been de veloped here in recent years from small be ginnings. The present hat factory of James Marshall & Bros, moved here about 1887 from Bridgeport, Conn., establishing itself at the foot of Shaw -street, in a touilding erected for it by the Hon. Robert T. Davis, the Hon. Frank S. Stevens and the estate of William Jennings. The flrm at that time consisted of James Marshall and D. T. Coleman, and the capa city of their -factory was about forty-eight dozen 'per day. They gradually outgrew (he quarters there and purchased the old Wyo ming mill 'property about 1896. In 1898 they started the erection of their present plant, which now has a capacity of 800 dozen hats daily. About a year after the factory was estab lished -at Fall River, D. T. Coleman retired from the flrm, and flve years later Robert Marsh-all and John Marshall, brothers of James Marshall, -were taken into the firm, which has rem'ained the same ever since. In 1893 the -New England Fur Cutting Company, a partnership consisting of James, Robert and Jo-hn Marshall, was established under the direction of M. E. Ryan in a small -building on Perry street, op posite the Linen mill. -At that time they handled about 12,000 r-a-bbit skdns per week. In 1898 they moved fro-m Perry -street to their present quarters on Chace street, and while the business is separate and distinct from the hat factory, it is closely allied to it. Last year they used over 9,000,000 rabbit skins in 'producing fur for hat making, not only for the Eat factory here, but others throughout the country. Along with this business also has grown what is known 'as the Bristol County Hat Works, a Rhode Island corporation, doing business now just over the border of Fall River, 'in Tiverton. Their .business is to collect waste, old hats, etc., from all por- HISTORY OF FALL RIVER tions of the world, -to extract the shellac that is used -for stiffening, recover it so it may 'be used over, and shredding apart the old hats and waste material in such a man ner as to make this of use. They employ a large number of people, and the business is gro'wing all 'the time. The Fall River Bleachery was incor porated in May, 1872, Spencer Borden being organizer of the company, whose capital stock was $250,000. The works of the cor poration were -built upon land purchased near the Tiverton line, the property border ing the South Watuppa Pond, and getting its supply of pure water from the Stafford Pond. Sucker Brook, the sole outlet of said pond, fiows -through the -bleachery property and is dam-med back to make a reservoir at the point where the works were built. Associated with Spencer Borden in the active operation of the Bleachery were his brother, Norman E. Borden, and George O. Lathrop. Jefferson Borden was president of the company 'untu his decease in 1887. Spen cer Borden was treasurer until 1880, when he was succeeded -by his brother, Norman B. Borden. He held the -position until his decease in 1881, -when Spencer Borden again became treasurer, so continuing until 1899. At the time the Bleachery -commenced busi ness, in 1873, Michael Partington was super intendent. He retired iu 1878, -and from that time until 1892 Spencer Borden acted as both treasurer and superintendent, Jefferson Borden, Jr., becorain-g superintendent in the latter year. On the death of Jefferson Borden in 1887 George W. Dean was elected president of the corporation, holding office until his decease in 1897, when he 'was succeeded by James Marshall. Mr. Marshall was president of the company until Novem'ber, 1899, when the property and business -were sold to the lbrass foundry, pattern house, paint shops, ware house and setting-up shop. J. T. Lincoln was elected president of the company, and at his death was succeeded by his son, Henry C. Lincoln, who was succeeded by Andrew Luscomb. On the death of Mr. Luscorab, in 1903, Leontine Lincoln succeeded to the presidency. Mr. Kilburn was elected treas urer in 1868 and held the position until 1872, when he withdrew from the co-mpany an-d was succeeded in that office by Leontine Lincoln. In the same year additions were made with a view to the -manufacture of looms on a large scale, -and the company is now among the largest makers of looms for cotton -and silk weaving, turning out about 5,000 annually. About two hundred hands are employed. J. T. Lincoln, oldest son- of Leontine Lincoln, is general superintendent. 'Personal sketches of Jonathan T. Lincoln, the first, and of Leontine Lincoln, the pres ent president, will be found elsewhere in these -pages. Henry C. Lincoln, the second president, was the oldest son of Jonathan T. Lincoln and was born in Fall River in 1829. He was educated in the public schools of Fall River and learned the trade of machinist from his lather. Admitted to -the business in 1856, he brought to it a practical knowledge of me chanics and a thorough business education. He W'as known as one of the best mechanics in the city, and his cool -and well-balanced raind made him a valuable 'associate. He became largely interested in 'the great ind'us- tries of the city and was (the flrst presi dent of the :S-eaconnet mills an-d at the time of his -death a director in the Barnard, Wee tamoe and Union corporations. Althougih frequently solicited, he was averse to holding public positions, although for a long -period he rendered the city conspicuous service as engineer of the flre department. He was highly esteemed for -his 'business ability and proDity. Andrew Luscomb, the third president, was born in Taunton in 1832, educated in the pub lic schools of that city, and at the 'Bristol County Academy. He learned the trade of machinist in the S'hops of the Dean Cotton ic Machine Company, of Taunton, and for a time was dn the employ of William Mason, the- founder of the Mason Machine Works. In March, 1860, he was married to Miss Mary M. -Lincoln, daughter of J. T. Lincoln, -and in 1862 became associated with Kilburn and Lincoln in the manufacture of musket parts for the United States Government. He served the city as -Councilman from 1867 to 1872 and -was Alderman in 1873 and 1874. He was the flrst superintendent of flre alarms and did much to establish -the sys tem throughout the -city. He was consid ered one of the -most skillful mechanics and had large and varied experience in 'the busi ness of his choice. He had inventive genius of high order and was highly esteemed as a citizen and friend. The Massasoit Manufacturing Company was formed to take over the business of W. H. & W. B. Turner, of New York City. It was incorporated January, 1882, "for the pur pose of manufacture of fabrical goods of all kinds, dealing in waste of all kinds and preparing same for the -market in a manu factured or unmanufactured form, and deal ing in merchandise of -all kinds," with a capi tal of $50,000. The incorporators were Wen dell E. Turner, William H. Turner, Frank L. Palmer, Edward A. Palmer and Elisha L. Palmer. Frank L. Palmer -has been presi dent and Wendell E. Turner treasurer and general manager respectively since the organization of the company. It purchased at that time the land and HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 91 buildings of the Massasoit Steam Mills, located on Davol street and altered it over into a cotton waste plant. This purchase in- cludeda valuable wharf property and several tenement 'blocks east of -the railroad. In 1892 the corapany leased the Oakdale mills property -at MontviUe, Conn., and equipped the same -as a 'bleachery for raw stock. In 1893 the capital stock was increased to $150,- 000. In 1895 the waste plant at the triangle formed 'by Pocasset, Anawan and Union streets, formerly owned by M. T. Barlow, was purchased. In 1903 the Eddy mill property of the American Woolen -Company, adjoining the Union mills, was -purchased and converted into a coarse yarn mill. The business con ducted by the company has been contracting, converting and manufacturing cotton and cotton waste. It has been prosperous, and its trade has -been extended throughout the United States, Canada and also exports to many foreign countries. William H. Turner was a director and the New York City repre sentative of the comipany from the time of its -organization until -his death, Septem ber 7, 1902. Messrs. Frank L. Palmer and Wendell E. Turner are also, respectively, president and treasurer of the Swansea Dye Works, lo cated just across the river in Swansea. They purchased the property of the Swansea Bleachery in 1890, incorporating it under the name of the Swansea Dye Works. The works -have toeen entirely reconstructed and equipped wiith modern appliances for the business of printing, dyeing and flnishing cotton piece goods. It has been very suc cessful in this line. The Kerr Thread Corapany, whioh since Decem-ber 31, 1897, has been a part of -the American Thread Company, was organized in 1888 by Robert and John P. Kerr, of Paisley, Scotland, 'with an original capital of $292,400, subsequently increased to $800,- 000. A brick -mill, 100x131 feet, flve stories. was erected in 1890, with dye and bleach houses, and equipped to make flne cotton yarn and threads. In 1893 the mill was en larged to 260x131 feet with -an ell 168x60 feet. The plant -now -contains 48,096 mule and 12,840 frame spindles. It em'ploys 1,000 hands. John P. Kerr was president till 1893, wihen he was succeeded by his son, James Kerr. Robert C. Kerr was treasurer during the separate existence of the corporation and Richard H. Cook superintendent until 1898, when he became general superintend ent -of the American Thread Company. The present superintendent is Robert Almond, and Mr. James B. Kerr is agent. The Fall River Electric Light Company was incorporated in 1883 with a capital of $40,000. Weaver Osborn was president, H. '1. Buffiinton clerk and treasurer, and Wea ver Osborn, H. T. Buffinton, Bdiward Leigh, William B. Hosmer and W. H. Hathaway di' rectors. The Edison Electric Illuminating Com-pany was formed the s-ame year, with $100,000 capital, -and was the second com pany in the United -States to install the Edi son system. Albert P. Dow was president, Henry K. Braley clerk, William H. Dwelly, Jr., treasurer, and A. P. 'Dow, Frank S. Stevens, Jerome C. Borden, W. S. Whitney, Spencer Borden, James -P. Hilliard and William H. Dwelly, Jr., directors. The companies -were consolidated July 1, 1896. The capital of $350,000 was increased in May, 1905, to $600,000, to provide for the building of a large plant on the waterfront -at the foot of Hathaway -street, now under construc tion. Owen Durfee is clerk, Albert P. Dow treasurer, and B. L. Anthony, George A. Bal lard, Rufus W. Bassett, Jerome C. Borden, P. O. Dodge, John D. Flint, Robert S. Goff, Oliver S. Hawes and James B. Osborn di rectors. The Old Colony Brewing Company was formed in 1895, with a -capital of $250,000. The officers are -the same as -at incorporation, and are: President, Quinlan Leary; Vice- President, L. L. Holden; Secretary, Cor nelius Sullivan; Treasurer, R. F. Haffen- reffler, Jr. These, with Thomas F. Splaine, George Hindle and Charles Letendre, con stitute the board of directors. The capacity of the plant is 100,000 'barrels -per annum. The Enterprise Brewing Company was in corporated in 1893, with $21,000 capital, in creased in 1898 -to $150,000. Joseph J. -Sex ton, H. G. Myers, H. G. Possner and George Wilhelm were the first officers. The 'present officials 'are: President Edmund J. Dela- han-ty; Treasurer, H. G. Myers; Secretary, Nathan ,MSller; Directors, Messrs. Dela- hanty, Myers, Miller and C. H. Sears. The plant has a capacity of 80,000 barrels per annum. The King Philip Brewing Company, also located here, is about the same size -as the others. The large Estes mills are noted at length elsewhere in the biography of John H. Estes. Of plants not elsewhere recorded, which have 'been discontinued for one reason or 92 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER another, one of the most important was the Globe Print Woriis, established in 1829 in the old cotton mill erected in 1811. Potter & Chad'burn were the first owners, followed by various others, including Holder Borden, until 1853, when the Bay State Print Works Corapany was formed and operated the plant till 1858, when dt .became the property of the American Print Works Company. A boiler explosion, December 5, 1867, was fol lowed by a fire which partially destroyed the plant. It was -at once rebuilt, and ran nve printing -machines until 1876, when it was discontinued. The property was sold to -the Globe Yarn mills in 1880. The Fall River Machine Company, iacor- porated -in 1880 with $90,000 capital, on the division of the Pall River Iron Works inter ests, and a few years -ago repurchased by the Iron Works and its buildings removed to m-ake way for new structures, was the out- grow-th of a -machinery manufacturing firm started as early as 1821 by Harris, Hawes & Co., and conducted under various names as Oliver S. -Hawes, Hawes, Marvel & Davol, and Marvel & Davol, till it was absorbed by the Iron Works in 1879. The first president after incorporation was Jefferson Borden, with Robert C. Brown treasurer. In later years John S. Brayton was president and George H. Bush and Sarauel D. Lawton were treasurers. The Wyoming mills were established by Augustus Chace and William 'B. Trafford in 1845, -and 'managed by Mr. Chace, and -after his death by his son, Judson. The product was -cotton twine, batting and cotton warp and, later, yarn. The plant was discon tinued after a time, -and about 1896 the buildings -were sold to James Marshall & Bros, for their hat factory. The Fall River Merino Company was formed in 1875, with a -capital of $110,000, a,nd had a disastrous career. It was de signed for the manufacture of knit goods and merino underwear, and erected a brick factory in the eastern section -of the city, but met with continued losses and was final ly abandoned and the property sold. T^he building and land is now owned by a syndi cate. Frank S. Stevens was president, Seth H. Wetherbee clerk and Charles E. Bean treasurer, while Prank S. Stevens, Poster H. Stafford, Robert T. Davis, William Mason, Samuel Wadington, S. HL Wetherbee, Charles E. Bean, Matthew C. Yarwood, Jason P. Stone, Jr., and Charles Weil 'were directors. It -had 2,160 spindles and 48 looms In early days there was a considerable tan nery on Bedford street, near the post office, operated 'by Edmund Chase and his son of the same name for nearly fifty years after 1810. Sorae of the buildings are still stand mg, east of the post office. The Fall River Line is one of the things in which the residents of Fall River have always taken a great pride, on account of the 'beauty -and high grade of the steamers and the notably good record the vessels have m-ade, as well as the thousands of passen gers W'ho pass through on these boats on their way from New York to Boston or re turn. The 'travel is always especially heavy tnrough the vacation season, 'but in winter there is also a good traffic. Freight steamers are run in addition to the passenger boats. The steamers now on the line or available when needed include the Providence, Puri tan, Priscilla and Plymouth, which are sup plemented 'by a number of freighters, the largest of which is the new Boston. The line 'was started in 1847, when the Bay State Steamboat Company was formed by the Borden family, with a capital of $300,- 000, -and commenced trips between this port and the metropolis. The company in course of time passed into the control of the Bos ton, New-port and New York Steam-bo-at Com pany, and 'on the extension of the railroad to Newport in 1864, that city was made the eastern terminus of the line until 1869, when the steamers returned to this port 'and have since remained here. James Fiske, Jr., and Jay Gould were then the owners of the line, and Mr. Fiske, through his striking person ality, did much to draw attention to it. About two years later it passed into the hands of the Old Colony -Steamboat Company, -obn- trolled by the Old Colony Railroad Company, and remained so until 1905, when it was merged in the New England Navigation Company, a corporation forraed by the -New York, 'New Haven & Hartford Railroad Company, for -holding its marine interests. The lease of the Old Colony road to the New Haven had for years made the line vir tually a -part of the New Haven system, so that the change to the new company -made no appreciable difference. A competing line known as the Enterprise Transportation Company, started by Worces ter capital, began running steamers to New York from a wharf at the foot of Turner street in June, 1905. The Frank Jones was the first boat put on the route, and was soon followed by the Warren and the Kennebec. HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 93 The Joy Steamship Company has leased the old Providence wharf at the foot of Central street, and began a third line July 2 with the steamer Tennessee. Freight service by water to Philadelphia was begun by the Clyde Line in 1876. The Winsor Line now has three sailings a week from this port. The Newport, Providence and Pall River Steamboat Company, the successor of earlier enterprises established by Colonel Richard Borden, in 1827, for many years did a large freight and passen ger business between this city and Provi- ¦*?- "* *l^^ -f David Anthony (Deceased) dence, -but the passenger business declined after the granting of cheap fares on the elec tric -roads. By an -agreement in 1905 the freight business was conceded -to the Dyer Transportation Company, a rival line. The Richard Borden was the regular steamer on the route for thirty years after its construc tion in 1874. The first street railroad lines here were built as a horse railway in 1880 by the Globe Street Railway Company, a corporation with a capital of $100,000. Edward Herbert was president, George F. Mellen treasurer, Mar cus -G. B. Swift clerk, and Edward Herbert, P. H. Stafford, Franklin P. Osborn, S. V. Bliffins, George P. Mellen, Isaac P. Francis and James B. Hilliard directors. The first lines were in Main and Pleasant streets, and have since been 'greatly extended and added to toy the purchase, in April, 1894, of the Fall River Street Railway, a short-lived compet ing line running from the corner of North Main and Bank streets to the Highlands. Electricity was installed 'as the motive power in the summer of 1892, and on August 17 the first car was run from the Stafford road barn to Morgan street. The first car to run throug?h the centre of the city made Its in augural trip September 2, 1892. Various lines to Providence, Taunton, New Bedford and Newport meet here and share in the general transfer system. The New Bedford line ran its flrst through car July 1, 1894, -t'he Newport road in 1898, the Providence line in July, 1901, and the Taunton road, which had been built some years before, began direct service into -the city in 1903. Ele-otric street sprinkling -was 'begun in 1902, express ser vice to New Bedford in 1903 and to Provi dence in 1905. The corapany now operates about 37 miles of track within the city limits. It operates 55 cars on average days, with 75 on -holidays, and employs about 200 men. A general transfer system has -pre vailed from the flns-t and six tickets for 25 cents -have been sold since the cars were allowed to cross Slade's Perry bridge. The local lines have been a part of the Old Col ony Street Railway Company since May, 1899. The P«all River Gas Works Company was incorporated in 1880, with a capital of $288,- 000, on the division of the interests of the Jesse Eddy (Deceased) Iron Works Company, which had established the plant in 1847 and supplied the city until this time. Jefferson 'Borden was the first president, with George P. Brown treasurer, and Jefferson Borden, John S. Brayton, David A. Brayton, David A. Brayton, Jr., Richard B. Borden, A. S. Tripp and William B. Durfee di rectors. A change in -management took place in 1886, when John S. Brayton became presi dent, Samuel T. B-odine treasurer, George P. Brown clerk and manager, and John S. Bray ton, A. 8. Covel, A. O. Granger, Henry Lewis, Samuel T. B-odine, Randall Morgan and David Patton, directors. In 1896 the company ab- 94 HISTORY OF FALL RTVER sortoed the Manufacturers' 'Gas Light Com pany and Increaised its stock to $450,000. Joseph A. Baker then became vice-president and Edward C. Lee treasurer. Mr. Brown continued 'as clerk and manager. In 1902 the capital W'as increased to $635,- 000, and there was again a change in owner ship, 'Stone & Webster -becoming general managers, and the local management -being placed in charge of J. E. Nute, where it has since re'raained. The increase of the com pany's business 'has raore than kept pace with the city's growth. In 1886 there were about 1,000 consumers and the annual sales were a little in excess of 38,000,000 cubic feet. In 1906 there are 16,000 consumers and annual sales of nearly 375,000,000 cubic feet. This extension of business -has been accom panied by a liberal reduction in cost to the consumer. Early in 1872 the selling rate was $3.75 per 1,000. In 1886 the average price re ceived was $1.83 per 1,000. In 1896 it was $1.30 per 1,000, (and in 1906 it is 90 cents. Other incorporations include the Union Belt Company, the Arctic Ice & Cold Stor age Company, incorporated in 1901, with a capital of $260,000; W. C. Atwater & Co., capital $100,000; Borden, Guiney & Kendall Co., incorporated 1901, capital $24,000; Bor den & Remington -Co., Bowenville Coal Co., Coldwell Gildard Co., Davis & McLane Mfg. Co., Estes Mills, E. S. Anthony Co., E. S. Brown Co., Fall River Bobbin & Shuttle Company, Fall Raver Cold Storage Company, Fall River Laundry Company, Fall River Manufacturers' Mutual Insurance Company, Fall River Quarry and Construction Com pany, Fall River Steam and Gas Pipe Com pany, Praprie-Douglas Co., John P. Johnston Co., Heywood Narrow Fabric Company, Me chanics' Foundry -and Machine Company, North Pond Ice Company, Pioneer Mfg. Co., Ponem-ah Shuttle Company, R. A. MoWhirr Co., Sherer Dry Goods Com-pany, Textile Tube Company, D. H. Cornell Packing Com pany, Prank L. Allen Lumiber Company, Luther Reed Mfg. Co., and the Thomas Stor age Company. County Court House CHAPTER XII BANKS AND BANKING Honorable and Prosperous Career of the Institutions, with Long Terms ot Service. The History of Each The 'banking interests of Fall River have had a long -and creditable career. The busi ness has been carried on with as much of progressiveness as was consistent with sound finance, and has been rewarded by fair and in some cases exceptional prosperity. In the long period dating from the es-tablish- ment of the Fall River Bank, the predeces sor of -the -Fall River National Bank, nearly eighty years ago, there have been no failures and, except in once instance, no irregulari ties among responsible officials. Here was started in 1828 one -of the first savings banks in the country — the Fall River -Savings, still a flourishing institution, and the largest in point of deposits -in the city, but 12 years after the founding -of the first in the country, and here, too, was -started one of the first flve cents savings -banks, -which is -still 'pros perous and doing a most excellent work dn encouraging thrift among children and peo ple of the smallest means. These and the two other savings banks have been supple mented in recent years by four co-operative banks, which have been most valuable in bringing the people to systematic husband ing of their incomes and in -aiding in building homes. Prior to 1903, rwhen a State law went into effect -prohibiting national banking institu tions from occupying rooms with savings banks, the number of national banks was nearly double that of to-day. The expense of separate officials and the renting of other rooms that would 'be necessitated toy this act, -combined with the desire for larger capi tal in order that a -bank raight under the law m,ake heavier loans to single customers, like the m'anu-facturing -corporations which had been obliged to go out of town at times for accommodation, as well as other causes, led to a comibination and the reduction of the num'ber of national banks from seven to four. The Second National sold its assets to the Metacomet, and liquidated, and the P-oc-asset, the National Union and the Massa soit united in forming one new bank known as the Massasoit-Pooasset. The four na tional toanks had on April 6, 1906, a com bined caplt-al of $2,100,000, with deposits of $4,821,156, loans and discounts of $6,979,857, and a total of surplus and undivided profits of $1,243,786. The combined deposits of the four sav ings banks here, with approximately 47,400 depositors, amount to about $20,000,000. The number of depositors has grown during the last 20 years from 21,449 to 47,400, and the amount of the deposits has -doubled, making an average yearly gain of $500,000. Trust icompanies have not 'been formed here, except dn one instance, that of the B. M. C. iDurfee Safe Deposit & Trust Com pany, organized in 1887, which has a capital of $400,000 and de-posits of $1,800,000. The -Clearing House here was established in 1892 and has handled sums running as high as $51,326,000, in 1902, with balances of $14,125,000. There have -been some notably long terms of service at the head of banking institu tions. -Charles J. Holmes, the first head of the Five Cents Savings Bank, served imore than half a -century till his death early -in 1906. Ed-ward E. Hathaway has been treas urer of the Citizens' Savings Bank for 44 years, and was for 41 years also the cashier of the Pocasset National; Ferdinand H. Gif ford has (been cashier and later president of the Fall River National since 1873; and Charles A. Bassett treasurer of -the Fall River .Savings since 1877. John S. Brayton was president of the First National from the date -of its organization in 1865 until his death in 1904. Numerous instances could be cited of long -and faithful services on boards of directors or investment. With this brief introduction, the history of the various insti- 96 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER tutions is best sketched toy taking each by itself. The Fall River Savings Bank, easily the largest in amount of deposits in the city, is likewise the oldest of the savings toanks. It was -chartered iu 1828 (by Oliver Chace, James Ford, Harvey Chace, Clark S'hove, Bradford Durfee and others as the Fall River Institution for Savings. Micah H. Ruggles was the first president and James Ford treasurer. Business began May 28, 1828. In April, 1855, the name was changed to the present title. Mr. Ruggles was president till 1857, w-hen he was succeeded 'by N. B. Borden and he by Job French in 1865. Wil liam Lindsey, -the next president, was fol lowed in 1888 by A. S. Tripp, who died -the same year. Crawford E. Lindsey, elected in 1889, 'was followed in 1894 by Thomas J. Bor den, and on his -death, in 1902, by Robert Henry. The -bank's business was originally carried on in the office of James Ford, the treasurer. In 1830 it was removed to the store of Hawkins & Fish, on the southeast corner of Main and Bedford streets, as William H. Hawkins 'had succeeded Mr. Ford in the treasurership. Mr. Hawkins was followed in 1833 (by Henry H. Fish and in 1836 by Joseph F. Lindsey, who held office for -more than forty years. On his retirement in 1877, Charles A. Bassett, who had been -cashier of the First National for thirteen years, became treasurer, and is still in offlce. The -business had been car ried on in Mr. Fish's store till 1841, when it removed to a small touilding in the rear of the old post-office -on Pocasset street. After about a year it removed to the base ment of Dr. Nathan Durfee's house, on North Main street. This was burned in the fire of 1843, and a private dwelling was occu pied till the next January, when it occupied the present quarters of the Five Cents Sav ings Bank, in the Mt. Hope block, erected on the site of its -former office. It removed to its present 'building in 1869. In its early years the bank paid dividends running as high as 8 per cen-t and it has never passed a dividend but once, in 1879, following -the troubles in several mills. This, however, was raade up by an extra dividend in 1882. At that time the average dividend since or ganization had been 6 per cent. The bank has deposits of $8,000,000 and 16,500 -de positors. Henry C. Hawkins, Robert Henry, Charles M. Allen, L. Elmer Wood and David J. Burdick are the board of investment The Metacomet National Bank ¦was incor porated as The Metacomet Bank of Fall River in 1853, -by Richard and Jefferson Borden and Daniel Brown, with a capital of $400,000, and began -business in December of that year in a Ibuilding erected for it by the Fall River Iron Works Company at the corner of Anawan and Water streets. "By agreement, the rent was to be $350 a year, for 'ten years. The first board of directors consisted of Richard, Jefferson and Philip D. Borden, Nathan Durfee, William Carr, Daniel Brown, Joseph Crandall, WiUiam Lindsey and William Marvel. Jefferson Borden was elected president, Azariah S. Tripp, cashier, at $1,000 a year, and George B. Durfee teller, at $600. The capital was increased to $600,000 in 1854, later reduced to $500,000, and in 1906 raised to $750,000. It became a National bank in February, 1865, and in 1876 removed to the Borden block, corner of South Main -and Pleasant streets. The present building was erected in 1888. Mr. Borden was succeeded as president by William Lindsey in 1880, by Walter C. Durfee in 1886, by Prank S. Stevens in 1894, by Thomas J. Borden -May 16, 1898, and by Simeon B. Chase on Decem ber 10, 1902. 'Mr. Tripp was followed as cashier by George H. Borden February 20, 1888. Mr. Borden resigned and was suc ceeded by Charles B. Cook, the present cash ier, January 5, 1891. The bank purchased the good will and business of the Second National February 5, 1903. It has been very successful, especially during the last fifteen years. The directors are -S. B. Chase, Mil ton Reed, James -Marshall, William R. War ner, Arthur H. Mason, Joseph O. Neill, Robert -S. Goff, George H. Hills, William H. Jennings, R. P. Haffenreffer, Jr., Rufus W. Bassett, John P. Bodge, Herbert C. Tal bot, E. B. Remington, Charles B. Cook. The First National Bank, the flrst to be formed under the Federal banking laws in this section, was organized January 23, 1864, with a capital of $200,000, increased the following year to $400,000, the present fig ure. John S. Brayton, the first president, held office till his death dn 1904, when he was succeeded toy his son, John S. Brayton. Charles A. Bassett, the flrst -cashier, was followed in 1877 by Hezekiah A. Brayton, in 1880 by C. E. Hendrickson and in 1887 toy Everett M. Cook, the present cashier. Its flrst office was at the southwest corner of Main and Central streets, from which it re moved to its present building in May, 1888. It is a United States deposiitary. The di- HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 97 rectors are James M. Morton, Thomas E. Brayton, Edward L. Anthony, Andrew Bor den, David A. Brayton, Jr., James M. Mor ton, Jr., Israel Brayton and John S. Brayton. The B. M. C. Durfee Safe Deposit & Trust Company, chartered by an act of the Legislature of Massachusetts in 1887, com menced business with a capital of $100,000 on July 9, 1888. This capital was subse quently increased to $200,000 and afterwards to $400,000. According to the provisions of its charter and subsequent acts of the Legis lature, it is empowered -to do -a general -bank ing -business, act as trustee for estates and individuals, to be executor, administrator and guardian, to receive and hold for safe keeping moneys, -papers and articles of value. This company took over the entire business of B. M. C. Durfee & Company, a banking house formed by the partnership of B. M. C. Durfee and John S. Brayton. John S. Brayton was President of the Trust Com.pany from the tirae it began business until Ms death dn 1904. Arthur W. Allen w-as its flrst and is its present Treasurer. The Directors are James M. Morton, Thomas E. Brayton, Edward L. Anthony, Byron W. Anthony, George A. Ballard, Andrew Borden, David A. Brayton, Jr., Frederick O. Dodge, James M. Morton, Jr., Israel Brayton and John S. Brayton. The National Union Bank, chartered in 1823 as the Bristol Union Bank of Bristol, R.I., had a varied history. It began business dn 1824 with a capital of $10,000, soon increased to $40,000. In 1830 it was moved to Tiver ton and its name changed to the Pall River Union Bank. It erected the brick building on the corner of South Main and Rodman streets in 1837, and there carried on busi- iiGss till 1862, -when the change in the State line brought -it in under Massachusetts laws and it removed to the present City Hall building. It became The National Union Bank dn 1865, and removed to No. 3 Main street, where it occupied the Union Savings Bank building, iwhich was torn down and a new one erected by the Union Savings Bank in 1897. Barnabas Bates and Parker Borden were early presidents, the latter holding office till 1838, when he was suc ceeded 'by David Durfee, and in 1846 by Nathaniel B. Borden. Jesse Eddy became president in 1865, Cook Borden in 1874, Dan iel Wilbur 'in 1880 and Thomas B. Covel in 1896. Nathaniel Wordell and Josiah Good ing, the early cashiers, were followed by William Coggeshall, who held office -till 1860. Daniel Chapin, Mr. Coggeshall's successor, resigned in 1888 and was succeded by John T. Burrell, who remained cashier till the bank was merged in the new Massasoit-Po oasset National in 1903. The Union Savings Bank was incorporated in 1869 and began business in May of that year in the southwest corner of the City Hall, or Market Building, removing in 1872 to property it 'had purchased on Main street, where it erected its present -building in 1897. Gardner T. Dean, Ed-win -Shaw, La fayette Nichols and others were the incor porators and organization was effected by electing Augustus Chace president and D. A. Chapin treasurer. Augustus Chace died in March, 1886. Benjarain Covel was elected president May 26, 1886. Mr. Covel resigned in November, 1888, and Andrew J. Borden was chosen president. Mr. Bo-rden died dn August, 1892, and Jerome C. Borden was chosen president, which offlce he still holds. Daniel A. -Chapin was treasurer from date of organization to Septeraber 29, 1888, when he resigned. Jerome C. Borden was chosen treasurer October 6, 1888, and served to March 1, 1891, when he resigned, and A-brahara G. Hart was chosen treasurer, which office he still holds. Within the last flfteen years the deposits of this -bank have trebled, and its progress has been as notable as that of the other savings banks of the city. It now has deposits of $2,500,000, and 4,500 depositors. The board of investment consists of Jerome C. Borden, A. Homer Skinner, Cyrus C. Rounseville, Pred O. Dodge and Thomas D. Covel. The Citizens' Savings Bank was incor porated by the Rhode Isliind General Assem bly in 1851 as "The Savings Bank," to -be located in Tiverton, with Oliver Chace, Jr., Cook Borden, Thomas Borden, Clark S. Man chester and their associates incorporators. It was organized Novemiber 15, 1851, -with Joseph Osborn president, Charles P. Searle secretary and William H. Brackett treas urer. It began 'business December 1 of that year in the office of the Pall River Union Bank, and in June, 1854, was removed to the latter's building at the corner of South Main and Rodman streets. The change in the boundary line in 1862 brought it into Massachusetts, and an enabling act was secured from the Legislature permitting it to do 'business in this State. It then took its present name and was removed with the Pocasset Bank to the northwest corner of what is now the city hall. In January, 1873, 98 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER it occupied its present quarters in the Po casset National Bank building. Edward E. Hathaway, the present -treasurer, succeeded Mr. Brackett in December, 1862. Joseph Os born, the flrst president was followed toy Linden Cook, and Danforth Horton in 1883, Josep'h Healy in 1884 and John C. Milne in 1889. The 'bank 'has the remarkable record of never h-av-i-ng passed a dividend, and -has paid an average of nearly 5 per cent since its organization. It has deposits of about $4,500,000 and 7,400 depositors. John C. Milne, Henry H. Earl, Wm. P. Thoraas, Sarauel W. Hathaway and James M. S'Wift constitute its board of investment. The Fall River Five Cents Savings Bank, which has done a notable work in caring for the small savings of the working people, dates from April 10, 1855, when it w-as in corporated 'by S. Angler Chace, Hale Rem ington, Walter C. Durfee, James Buffinton, E. P. Buffin'ton, B. H. Davis, Asa P. Prench and Alvan S. Ballard. Business began Janu ary 1, 1856, and the flrst dividend was paid m June of that year. During its 50 years of existence -the bank -has (April, 1906) paid 99 dividends at rates ranging from 4 to 8 per cent, per annum, and aggregating 250 per cent, of ithe deposits, making an aver age yearly dividend of 5 per cent. During these years the deposits have shown an average yearly increase of $100,000. The present number of depositors is 19,022, with an average deposit of $263 and a total of J5,- 007,000. S. Angler Chace, the first president, was succeeded by Walter C. Durfee in 1878 and by Leontine Lincoln in 1902. Charles J. Holmes was treasurer from the opening of the bank until his death, Pebruary 20, 1900, a period of more than- 50 years, and was succeeded on -March 17, 1906, by 'his son, Charles L. Holmes. Abner P. Davol, Edward B. Jennings, Holder B. Durfee, Leontine Lin coln and Charles -S, Waring constitute the board of investment The Pall River National Bank, for twenty years the only bank of discount in the vil lage of Fall River, was incorporated in 1825 by Oliver Chace, Davdd Anthony, Bradford Durfee, Richard Borden, N. B. Borden and others. The capital, originally $100,000, was increased in 1827 to $200,000, in 1836 to $400,- 000, dn 1844 reduced to $350,000, and in 1864 iacre-ased again to $400,000, the present figure. David Anthony, the first president, served 40 years, till 1865, when he was suc ceeded by Richard Borden. At his death, in 1874, he was followed by Guilford H. Hatha way, and he in 1895 by Ferdiinand H. Gifford, who had been cashier since 1873. Matthew C. Durfee, the first cashier, held office till 1836. Henry H. Pish, his successor, till 1863, George R. Fiske till 1873, and Ferdi nand H. Gifford till his election as president in 1895, when George H. Eddy, Jr., ibecame cashier. The bank 'was organized as a national institution in 1864. Its first build ing- was erected of 'brick, on the corner of Main -and Bank streets, in 1826. This was burned in the flre of 1843, and soon after wards rebuilt. The present building was erected in 1892. The bank began the pay ment of interest on de-posits in 1892. Its present directors are Richard B. Borden, Herbert Field, Wendell E. Turner, Ferdi nand H. Gifford, Oliver S. Hawes, George H. Eddy, Jr., Leonard N. Slade, Spencer Bor den, Jr., and Asa A. Mills. The Pocasset National Bank was incor porated in Rhode Island in May, 1854, with Moses Baker, Oliver Chace and Joseph Os born -naraed as incorporators, and began business at the corner of South Main and Rodraan streets, removing to the present City Hall -Building when the -boundary line was changed, in 1862. It became a National bank in 1865, and in 1868 purchased the lot at the southeast corner of -Main and Bed ford streets, on which, in 1872, it erected a handsome granite building. Oliver Chace, the flrst president, was succeeded in 1862 by Samuel Hathaway, in 1873 by Weaver Os born, in 1894 by Joseph Healy, and in 1901 by George W. -Slade. William H. Brackett, the flrst cashier, was followed in 1862 by Edward B. H-athaiway, who held office till the bank was -merged in the new Massasoit- Pocasset National dn 1903. The Second National Bank was incor porated in 1856 as the Wamsutta Bank, with a capital of $100,000, by S. Angler Chace, Hale Remington and William Mason, 2d. Mr. Chace was elected president and Charles J. Holmes, Jr., cashier. It became the Second National -Bank in 1864, and increased its cap ital to $150,000. Mr. Chace resigned as president in 1878, and was succeeded by Thomas P. Eddy. Leontine Lincoln toeoame president in 1887. Mr. Holmes continued as cashier until the bank was purchased by the Metacomet National and merged in that in stitution in Pebruary, 1903. The Massasoit Bank was organized June 2, 1846, and began business in December with a capital of $50,000, increased the follovfing March to $100,000, in January, 1854, to $200,- HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 99 000, and July 2, 1892, to $300,000. Jason H. Archer was the flrst president and Leander Boraen cashier, with J. H. Archer, Oliver S. Hawes, Azariah Shove, Nathan Durfee, Henry Willard, Iram Smith and Benjamin Wardwell directors. Mr. Archer was suc ceeded as president in 1852 -by Israel Buffin ton, in 1864 by Charles P. Stickney, in 1878 by iram Smith, in 1885 -by Bradford D. Davol, and in 1890 by Charles M. Shove. The bank had become a national institution in Decem ber, 1864. Its flrst offlce was at the comer of North Main and Franklin streets, from which it removed -to -the northeast corner of Main and Bedford streets in 1876. In 1884 it removed to the northwest corner of Bedford street and Court Square, and in 1889 erected the building now occupied by its successor, the M'assasoit-Pocasset National. Leander Borden, the first -cashier, was followed in 1881 by Eric W. Borden, who remained in offlce till he 'became cashier of the Massa soit-Pooasset, in 1903. The Massasoit-Pocasset National Bank was organized lin July, 1903, by the consolida tion of the Massasoit and Pocasset National banks, and the National Union Bank, with a capital of $650,000. Charles M. Shove, who had been president of the -Massasoit, and E. W. Borden, cashier, were elected to the same positions 'in the new institution. Thomas D. Covel, president of the National Union, and Bdward E. Hathaway, cashier of the Pocas set, were elected vice-presidents, and John T. Burrell, cashier of the National Union, was made assistant cashier. The present directors -are: Charles M. Shove, B-d'ward E. Hath-aw-ay, Thomas D. Covel, Edward S. Adams, Edward Barker, N. B. Borden, S. A. Borden, C. D. Burt, J. A. Chadwick, W. B. M. Chace, B. D. Davol, G. S. Davol, B. S. C. Gifford, C. S. Greene, M. T. Hudner, Leon tine Lincoln, J. C. Milne, J. E. Osborn, G. W. Slade, R. W. Thurston, M. M. Wordell. The 'bank occupies -the rooms formerly used by the Massasoit National, which have -been enlarged and improved to accommodate the increased tousin-ess. Troy Co-0'perative Bank. — A raeeting to organize the first co-operative bank in -this city was held in roora 5, Troy Building, June 15, 1880, by the subscribers to an agreement to form a corporation to be known as the Troy Co-Operative Savings Fund and Loan Association. Among the subscribers to this agreement were Cyrus C. Rounseville, Spen cer Borden, Jerome C. Borden, John M. Young, Albert P. Dow, Nathaniel B. Borden, Walter R. Woodman and 77 others. A code of -by-laws was adopted and the following offlcers elected: President Sp«n- oer Borden; Vice-President, Albert F. Dow; Secretary, Cyrus C. Rounseville; Tireasurer, Henry T. Bufflnton. Eleven dire-dors were also elected at this meeting. The flrst meet ing of the directors was held June 18, 18S0. Arnold B. Sanford, Jerome C. Borden and Andrew J. Borden were nominated and con firmed as the Security Committee, and John M. Young, Charles B. Cook and Seth H. Wetherbee as t'he -Finance Committee. The association was now fully organized, and on July 18, 1880, the first public meet ing for the transaction of business was held. $325 were received in subscriptions -for shares, and the association started upon what has sdnce proved a successful career. In 1883, 'by act of the General Court, the name "Building and Loan Association," in Massachusetts, was changed to "Co-Opera tive Bank," and the Troy Co-Operative Bank is the name familiar to all, although raany of the original shareholders still speak of it as the "Troy Loan." The -bank has always been popular with the working raen an-d women of the city, for whose beneflt it was organized, as its raany borrowers and the large demand for its shares attest. Since its incorporation the bank has had three presidents, three vice-presidents and tnree secretaries. The presidents have been : Spencer Borden, 1880 to 1883; Andrew J. Borden, 1883 to 1887; Jerome C. Borden, 1887, and continues in offlce. Vice-presi dents: Albert P. Dow, 1880 -to 1885; Jerorae L.. Borden, 1885 to 1887; Cyrus C. Rounse ville, 1887, -and continues in offlce. Secre taries: Cyrus C. Rounseville, 1880 to 1887; Charies B. Cook, 1887 to 1891; George H. Eddy, Jr., 1891, and continues in office. Of the original directors four have re raained with the bank and helped to guide its destinies from its organization. They are Jerome C. Borden, the present president; Cyrus C. Rounseville, the present vice-presi dent; John- M. Young, the chairman of the present Security Committee, and Albert F. Dow, a meraber of the present board f' directors. The Troy is now one of the largest, as well as one of the strongest of the co-operative banks of the State, its assets araounting to nearly $700,000, and its direc tors, -both present and past, may well take pride in its growth and prosperity, to the acooraplishment of which they have given JOO HISTORY OF FALL RIVER gratuitously so much of their time and talents. The present officers are: Jerome C. Borden, president; Cyrus C. Rounseville, vice-president; George H. Eddy, Jr., sec retary and treasurer. Directors: John M. Young, Thomas D. -Covel, James E. O'Con nor, James E. -McCreery, Albert P. Dow, Walter R. Woodraan, James H. Prench, Leonard N. Slade, Jacob Fash, Samuel 8. Read and George Grime; Security Commit tee, John M. Young, Thomas D. Covel and Jacob Fash; Finance Committee, James B. O'Connor, James H. French and Walter R. Woodman; Auditors, Charles P. Fis-h, Frank B. Albro and Harry L. French; Attorneys, Swift & Grime. The Lafayette Co-Operative Bank was or ganized April 9, 1894, to promote regular and systematic savings (by people of small or moderate incomes and to help them if they desired to secure homes of their own. Since the flrst series of shares was issued. May 2, 1894, $367,339 has been received in monthly deposits, ranging from $1 to $25, of which $244,339 has been withdrawn or returned to the shareholders, leaving a- -present balance of deposits $123,000. Dividends averaging 5.47 per cent have been credited, amounting to $44,855.40, and 189 real estate loans have been made, aggregating $366,700. The pres ent number of shares in force, covering 23 series, is 2,876. Shares in the flrst series, matured, that is, reached the value of $200 each May 1, 1906, when $144 represented the monthly payments of $1 'each and the bal ance proflts. The flrst president was Dr. J. B. Chagnon, who served until his removal from the city in 1899, when he was suc ceeded by Pierre P. Peloquin, the present head of the institution. N. P. Berard has served continuously as vice-president since 1894. John B. Huard has been chairman of the Security Comraittee since the organiza tion. His present associates are Nathan Miller and Philippe A. Brosseau. Arthur S. Phillips, Esq., has served as attorney, and Williara P. Winter as secretary-treasurer during the twelve years of the bank's his tory. Of -the original directors, four are still raembers of the board— John B. Huard, An toine Giroux, Arthur -S. Phillips and Frank H. Borden. The other members of the pres ent board are Theodule Gamache, Reuben C. Small, Jr., Charles E. Peloquin, Homer Barre, Nathan Miller, Arthur B. Brayton, Willia-m Marshall, Alfred L. Letourneau, Philippe A. Brosseau and A. S. Furtado. The monthly meetings are held at the roomB ol the Metacomet 'National Bank. The Fall River -Co-Operative Bank, the third of its Idnd in the city, -was organized Noveraber 20, 1888, chartered December 1, and toegan -business December 12. It had its origin somewhat frora the demand for in creased banking -facilities toy residents in the eastern section of the 'city. At the time of its organization both a savings bank and a national bank were proposed for Flint Vil lage, but neither seemed altogether feasible. The desire for additional banking facilities, however, was not given up, and a co-opera tive bank, with its main office in the centre of the city and a branch office at Flint Vil lage for making collections was considered. This met with the favor of a large num-ber of residents of that locality, and they were largely represented in the organization and management of the bank from the beginning. The flrst officers were as follows : President, John Barlow; Vice-President, Eric W. Bor den; 'Secretary, George O. Lathrop; Treas urer, Rodolphus N. Allen; Directors, Henry W. Davis, George N. Durfee, Prank H. Dwelly, Charles i<'. Tripp, Reuben Hargraves, Alfred H. Hood, William J. Wiley, Rufus B. Hilliard, John Duff, Henry C. Hampton, Henry Waring, Hugh McGraw, Enoch J. French, Arba N. Lincoln, Roland W. Chi- vers. The meeting for organization was held in the rooms of the Massasoit National Bank, then at 33 Bedford street, and all subse quent meetings of the corporation have been held in the rooms of that bank, which has also been the depositary of the funds. From the commencement of business it has usually found ready investment for its receipts, and now has assets of over $400,000, with a guar antee fund -and surplus of $16,000, and a membership of about 1,000, holding 8,700 shares. In the early years of its history it sought to make collections convenient by branch offlces at Flint Village and Somer set, but these were discontinued after a few years. There has been little change in the management. John Barlow served as presi dent until his death, in 1899, when he was succeeded by Eric W. Borden. Lincoln & Hood have been attorneys for the bank since its formation and the treasurer first chosen is still in offlce. George O. Lathrop, the secretary, resigned in 1906 and was suc ceeded by Frank Westgate. The People's Co-Operative Bank was organized February 18, 1882, as the People's Co-operative Saving Fund & Loan Associa- HISTORY OF FALL RlVER lOl tion, the title being subsequently changed to the present one to comply with the State law. Ine following were the original offlcers: President Milton Reed; Vice-President Joseph O. Neill; Secretary, Samuel W. arown; Treasurer, Frederick O. Dodge; Directors, Robert Howard, Charles E. Mills, Silas B. Hatch, Joseph Clifton, Edward S. Adams, John W. Whitaker, George Hanson, Edward A. Mott, John T. Robertson, Reuben Hargraves, John P. Hamlet, Peter Beeham, A. H. Martine, John H. Estes and Samuel Hyde. Business was begun on March 15 of the same year. The flrst meetings of the bank were held at the offlce of Milton Reed, in the Granite Block, and later in the old G. A. R. hall in the Borden Block, No. 1 Bed ford street, the office of P. O. Dodge in the Metacomet Bank Building, and the offlce of Samuel Hadfield, in the Granite Block. The directors finally decided that it was for the best interest of the bank to have an office upon some ground floor, where the business of the depositors could receive attention dur ing the usual banking ihours, as it had been the custom for all depositors to pay their dues and interest on the single day of the meeting in each month, and in May, 1895, the bank was moved to its present location. No. 60 Bedford street. There have been only two presidents — ^Milton Reed and .lohn H. Estes, the latter the present offlcer of the bank and one of the original directors. Charles E. Mills is the only other original director who ds now an officer of the bank. The present offlcers are: President, John H. Estes; Vice-President, George N. Durfee; Secretary and Treasurer, Charles H. Durfee; Auditors, George P. Brown, John W. Bury and Ralph W. Reynolds; Directors, John H. Estes, Abner P. Davol, Patrick Kieran, Caleb C. Potter, Penner C. Brownell, James B. Clif ton, Manuel P. Camara, Charles B. Mills, J. E'dmund Estes, Charles H. Durfee, M. Sweeney, Jaraes B. Sullivan, Adelard Re- naud, Archibald McDougall and Tnomas B. Rounds; Security Committee, John H. Estes, Abner P. Davol, Patrick Kieran, Michael Sweeney and Charles H. Durfee; Pi- nance Committee, J. Edmund Bstes, Fenner C. Brownell, Charles B. Mills, C. C. Potter and J. B. Clifton; Attorney, L. E. Wood. The report of the directors in 1905 showed assets of $292,594.70, with dues capi tal, $240,049; proflts capital, $44,109.94; for-. felted shares, $35.80; surplus and reserve fund, $8,399.90. The number of shareholders on October 31, 1905, was 588. The flrst intention of the bank is to assist worthy people in building their own homes, and liberal loans are granted to such applicants, but the Invest ment Committee has always discouraged ap plications from borrowers on large tenement blocks, and has invested most of funds in property well within the oity limits. The institution has been extremely prosperous during the last few years, most of its money having been invested in mortgages cover ing prope-rty in the very best sections. The regular dividends are paid at the rate of 5 per cent, per annum. The shares of the bank are issued in May and November of each year, and no one per son is allowed to subscribe for more than 25 shares. CHAPTER XIII LAW, MEDICINE AND THE PRESS Early and Present Lawyers and Physicians. The Court House and Hospitals. The Ne-wspapers The bar of Pall River is unusually strong, better trained for its -duties than dn raany cities, alert, active and generally equipped for any branch of the practice which it may be called on to undertake. The exigencies of life have kept the members down to their profession, -and they have clung to their worK with remarkable tenacity, seldom branching off 'to directorships of corporations or the management of trust estates, as in many places. The quick, nervous, plastic nature of the demands upon them has cultivated an -unusual readiness, and has developed numerous able trial lawyers. The 'bar is now represented on the supreme bench by two justices — James M. Morton and Henry K. Braley. Another of its members, James P. Jackson, is chairraan of -the Board of Rail road Commissioners. L. Elmer Wood is a member of the Bar Examiners. David P. Slade was long a raember of the Governor's Council and Jaraes M. Swift is District At torney. It has also furnished seven of the 19 mayors of the city — Josiah C. Blaisdell, Henry K. Braley, Milton Reed, John W. Curaraings, James P. Jackson, George Grime and John T. Coughlin, the present head of the municipal government. Pall River has also furnished the clerk of courts for this county for raany years in John S. Brayton, Simeon Borden and the latter's son of the same name. In the period prior to 1877 no sessions of the Superior Court were held here; the city was small, and the membership of the local bar consequently limited, but a num-ber of lawyers of high ability were to be found among the number. One was Eliab Williams, a native of Raynham and a graduate of Brown in the class of 1821. He began -prac tice in Dighton, then removed to Swansea, and in 1833 came to this city to become the partner of Hezekiah Battelle, a con nection that continued for 20 years, dur ing which the flrm became one of the best ivnown in the county and built up a large practice. Mr. Williams was a man of very striking -personality, very deliberate in speech and severe in thought, a follower of exactitude, the enemy of all confusion. He was noted for his skill in the drawing of legal papers, in which he seldom used the printed forms. He followed -the old prac tice of toeing early and late in his office, and prepared his cases with the utmost thor oughness. He was s'hy, 'had a high, squeaky voice and was always exceedingly decorous. He was a fine type of the old-fashioned, Puritan gentleman and was of high char acter and pure life. He died in 1880, at the age of seventy-seven. His home was on North Main street, in the -dwelling -now the office of Dr. Hyde. His partner, Mr. Battelle, was also a -graduate of Brown, in 1816; had studied law in the offlce of Hercules Cush man, "the leading attorney of Freetown," and after brief periods of practice there and in .Swansea, removed to this city in 1827. Like his colleague, Mr. Williams, he was a learned, painstaking lawyer, -with a severe, logical cast of mind, and keen intellect. He was attorney for the Watuppa Reservoir Co., a raember of -the Legislature and actively in terested in 'the settlement of the boundary dispute. He had a tall, sinewy, erect 'and impressive flgure, was one of the founders of the Unitarian Society and spent the last years ot hds life in translating 'the New Tes tament from the Greek. His death oc curred in 1872, at the age of 82, at his home on Purchase 'Street, now the parish house of the Church of the Ascension. James Ford, likewise a graduate of Brown, was a native of Milton, and came here in 1819. He was an excellent lawyer, a mem ber of 'the Legislature, Board of Aldermen and School Committee, special Police Justice for twenty years, the flrst treasurer of the HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J03 Fall River Savings Bank, editor of Che Monitor for a quarter of a century and one of the charter members of Mount Hope Lodge. He was a public-spirited citizen and lived until July 27, 1873. Judge Louis Lapham, a Rhode Islander with a natural -taste for politics, and an ar dent Democrat, came here in 1840. Hds readiness in debate soon 'brought him into public affairs. He was a Judge of the po lice court from 1852 to 1873, 'when it was abolished. 'Charles Holmes, father of the late Hon. Charles J. Holmes, and Frederick A. Boomer were other attorneys of prominence in the earlier days here. The latter was a meraber of the Legislature and for many years served on the School Committee. He was three times -City Solicitor, -and died in 1871 at -the age of flfty years. In more recent years local attorneys of prominence, now deceased, have included John Jason Archer, a son of Dr. Ja son H. Archer, a graduate of Brown in 1806 and a special justice of the -district court; Josiah C. Blaisdell, mayor in 1858 and 1859 and justice of the Second District Court from its es.tabli-shment dn 1874 until, 1893, an energetic, active man, who was prominent here for a generation; and Marcus G. B. Swift, of the firm of S'wift & Grime, a good lawyer and citizen, and one of the tooard of investment of the Citizens' Savings Bank. There were also the late John S. Brayton, formerly clerk of the Superior and Supreme Judicial Courts of Bristol County, better known as -a banker, for a time the partner of Justice Morton, -and Simeon Borden, long the honored clerk of the Superior and Su preme Courts. The courts for this county were held in Taunton and New Bedford until 1877, when the Legislature authorized adjournments to this city. The first session was held -here June 27, 1877, in a large hall which had beeu fitted up in the new Borden Block, with Hon. P. Emory Aldrich presiding. Appro priate addresses were made -by several mem bers of the bar and a response by the presid ing judge. The erection of the present court house was authorized 'by the Legislature in 1887. A site on Rock street was purchased, but the opposition was so strong that this was aban doned 'and the present lot on North Main street secured. This had formerly -been a part of the homestead farm of Judge Durfee, a prominent citizen and the entertainer of Lafayette on -bis visit here, as well as the birthplace of Colonel Joseph Durfee, the builder of the flrst cotton mill here and the commander of the American forces in the flght with the British -here during the Revo lution; of Nathan and Thoraas Durfee, the flrst natives of the town to graduate frora college, and of -Matthew C. Durfee, the cash ier ot the fi-rst bank. It had been, too, the homestead of Micah H. Ruggles and Colonel Richard Borden. The building -was commenced in 1889 and the -cornerstone laid on August 8, with appro priate ceremonies. It is of granite, 110 feet in length, 80 feet wide -at the ends and 55 in the central part. It contains the court robm on the second floor, 48x56, the registry of deeds, law library, apartments for the Dis trict Attorney, clerk of courts, etc., and has six cells in the basement. '¦ James Ford, Prelet D. Conant, Hezekiah Battelle, Cyrus Alden and Bliab Williams were trial justices for Pall River, Mass., and Pall River, R. I., respectively, before the establishment of -the Police Court in 1852. Louis Lapham was judge of this court from its estabhshment -to its abolishment in 1873, when it was succeeded by the present Sec ond District Court of Bristol, the flrst pre siding Justice of which w-as Josiah Blaisdell, who held that offlce from 1874 to 1893, when he was succeeded by John J. McDonough, the present incumbent. Judge McDonough was born in Pall River in 1857, was edu cated in his father's private school, in the public schools, graduated from Holy Cross College, Worcester, in 1880, from 'the Bos ton University School -of Law in 1884, and aoandoned the practice of the law on his appointment to the bench in 1893. He is a trustee of the public library, as is also Judge Biraley, and was a representative to the Gen eral Court in 1889 and 1890. Augustus B. Leonard, clerk of the District Court, has finished half a century in that capacity, hav ing succeeded Hon. Jo'seph E. Dawley in 1856. He is still hale and hearty, closely at tentive to duty, and is one of the best known citizens of the city. The Fall River Bar Association was formed in 1887. James M. Morton was its flrst president, and John J. McDonough its flrst secretary. Andrew Jackson Jennings Is now its president and Bdward A. Thurston ds secretary. The county jail here was built in 1898, under authority of a legislative act of 1897, at a total cost, furnished, of $150,000, from plans prepared by Nathaniel C. Smith, of 104 HISTORY OF FALL RlVlR New Bedford. The Grinnell farm, on Bay street was the site selected, purchased for $16,000. Beattie & Cornell were the con tractors for the construction. At the time of its erection it was needed, but the sub sequent growth of the probation system has so reduced the number- of prisoners that it has never been opened. It has 126 cells. The oldest member of the -bar now living is Nicholas Hatheway, Sr., a native of Free town, and a graduate of Brown in 1847. He settled here in 18G9, and has been Alderman, member of the Legislature, postmaster and a delegate to the Deraocratic National Con vention. Another of the older raen is Ben jamin K. Lovatt, a graduate of Bowdoin in the class with Thomas B. Read, a resident of this city for forty years and for many years the senior special Justice of the District Court. A third is Milton Reed, a native of Haverhill, where 'he was 'born October 1, 1848, salutatorian of his class at Harvard in 1868, for a -time editor of the Evening News, an-d an attorney since December, 1873. He has been a special justice of tho District Court, City 'Solicitor for seven years, mem ber of the State Senate, Mayor, -chairman of -the Board of Civil Service Examiners and a Bar Examiner. The flrra of Jennings, Morton & Brayton has h-ad an interesting history. It dates from 1864, when John -S. Brayton and James M. Morton formed a partnership as Brayton & Morton. Mr. Brayton retired after a few years, leaving Mr. Morton alone until June, j-876, when Andrew J. Jennings (became his partner, under the flrm name of Morton & Jennings. Mr. Morton retired in September, 1890, on 'his appointment to the Supreme Bench, and Mr. Jennings practiced alone for a time. John S. Brayton, Jr., son of the for- m.er member of the flrm, was admitted and was associated with Mr. Jennings for a year or two as Jennings & Brayton. His retire ment -again left Mr. Jennings alone. James M. Morton, Jr., son of another former mem ber of the flrm, beoame a partner in 1894, and the flrm name was Jennings & Morton until 1902, when Israel Brayton was admitted and the present name of Jennings, Morton & Brayton was -taken. Other prominent law offices here are those of Jack-son, Slade & Borden, John W. Cum mings, Swift, Grime & Kerns, H. A. Dubuque, John T. Coughlin, Milton and Waldo Reed, Baker &. Thurston, Ryan & Nickerson, Lin coln & Hood, James F. Norris, Milton Druce, John Healy, Joseph Menard, David ft. Radovsky -and David Silverstein. The senior of the two Fall River members of the Supreme Court is James Madison Morton, who was born September 5, 1837, the son of Jaraes M. and Sarah (Tobey) Morton, both natives of East Freetown. He was edu cated at the Fall River High School, Brown University and the Harvard Law School, and began practice -here in the office of Judge Louis Lapham. In 1864 he formed a part nership with Hon. John S. Brayton and con tinued in -practice till his appointraent to the Supreme Bench. He was City Solicitor, 1864-67. Hon. Henry King Braley, also of the Supreme Court, was born in Rochester, iviass., March 17, 1850, the son of Samuel T. and Mary A. Braley. He attended Rochester and Pierce Academies, taught school for several years and studied law with Hon. Hosea Kingman, of Bridgewater, being ad mitted to the bar in 1873. He began practice in this city in December of that year, first with Nicholas Hatheway, as Hatheway & Braley, and later with M. G. B. Swift as Braley & 'Swift. He was City Solictior In 1874, M'ayor in 1882 and 1883, and was ap pointed to the Superior Court in 1891. He was elevated to the Supreme Bench in 1902. He received the honorary degree of A. M. from Dartmouth College the same year. The physicians of Fall River are energetic, skilful and ambitious, and Include -surgeons and specialists of marked ability. They are of a wide variety of nationalities and num ber about 130, six of whom, as appears by the last directory, are women. Nearly all are of the allopathic -school. Dr. Jerome Dwelly is easily the dean of the active pro fession here, with Dr. Seabury W. Bowen probably next in order. Dr. Robert T. Davis, though he began practice a little in advance of Dr. Dwelly, has not practised to any ex tent since his election to Congress. The medical profession of to-day has had worthy predecessors. Of these one of the most prominent was Dr. Foster Hooper, born in Walpole, N. H., in 1805. -He came here in 1826, and was active in his profession and in public affairs for nearly 'half a century. He had a large practice and was a skilful practitioner, having confldence in himself and the confidence of (his patients as well. He was a ready talker, a good debater and a progressive public man. He was a member of the School Committee, Representative, Hudner Building 106 HIS*rORY OF FALL RIVER Senator, County Treasurer, nitmber of the Constitutional Convention ot 1&53, chiei en gineer ot the hre departraent and, at his death, the collector of internal revenue. His oince was on North Main street on a site now occupied by a department store. Another prominent physician was Dr. Thomas Wilbur, an older man than Dr. Hooper, a native of Hopkinton, R. I., and a member of an old family there. He was for a tirae principal of the Friends school in Providence, and later practiced in -Swansea before removing to Pall River. He, too, had a lai'ge practice here, and was a good phy sician and skilful surgeon. He was a raem- i^er of the prudential coramittee of his school district and took a lively interest in what ever pertained to the progress of the town. His offlce was at the southeast corner of South Main and Borden streets. He was active dn the Friends denomination, and his father gave his narae to one -branch of that society still known as the Wilburi-tes, when a division occurred. He was a brother of Dr. Amos Wilbur, who -practiced here for -a few years. Dr. James M. Aldrich, father of Dr. N. B. Aldrich, was also a leading , physician here. He was active in temperance and abolition ist movements, long a member ^of the School Committee, and prominent in the Unitarian Church. He was -a natural philanthropist, and was for many years president of the Children's Home. Hds office was at the cor ner of North Main and Franklin streets. Dr. Ebenezer T. Learned, also the father of a practicing physician here, was very popular and had -a large practice. He was a kind-hearted, vigorous man, and a hard worker. Dr. Jason H. Archer practiced -here for many years, was active in public affairs and first president of Massasoit Bank. He removed to his native town of Wrentham in 1852. Dr. Phineas W. Leland practiced here a few years, but was more -prominent in pub lic affairs. He was for raany years col lector of the port, was State Senator, active in educational affairs and in the Athenaeum, and was editor of the Fall River Patriot. The hospitals are the new and corarao- dious Ste. Anne's, opened this year, of "which a notice appears elsewhere; the Union Hos pital an-d the City Hospital, as well as 'two private -hospitals — ^those of Drs. N. B. Aldrich and Philemon E. Truesdale. The Union Hospital was chartered October 1, 1900, and was the result of the consolida tion of the Fall River and Emergency Hospi tals. It IS situated on Prospect street, in the old Valentine House, which was formerly the home of the Pall River Hospital, and which, by the building of additions, now has 62 beds. A new building has -been decided upon and, it is expected, will soon be begun. The Pall River hospital, one of the prede cessors of the Union, was founded Septem ber 17, 1885, by a number of promineht citi zens, and incorporated October 10, -with John D. Flint, president; Frank S. Stevens, vice-president, and Hugo A. Dubuque, clerk. The Valentine estate was purchased in March, 1887, a woman's 'board established early the following year, and the first patient received May 9, 1888. Miss A. B. Andrews was the flrst matron, followed by Misses E. F. Cox and M. M. Brownrigg. The west wing was built in 1891 and a maternity ward add ed dn 1897. A school for nurses was estab lished in connection with the hospital in 1888. The Emergency, the other institution in the forming of the Union Hospital, was established dn December, 1895, in a dwelling opposite the Central Church on Rock street, as -an outgrowth of the Home Training School for Nurses, -which had been starts in 1894, largely through the efforts of Dr. John H. Gifford. It did an excellent work during the five years of its existence, largely in the treatment of "out-patients." The Fall River Medical Society was formed November 20, 1889, with Dwight E. Cone the flrst president and A. C. Peckham secretary and treasurer. The early meetings were held at the homes of the members, until 1893, when rooms were secured in the Pall River -National Bank Building, frora which it removed -in 1897 to the A. J. Borden Building. Evening News Building HISTORY OF FALL RIVER m The city has four daily newspapers — the News, Globe, Herald and L'Independant, -all evening papers, and all active and progres sive, with a large circulation in the city and adjoining towns, exerting a strong infl-uence lor the good of the city and its inhabitants. The oldest ot these is the News, whioh was started -as a weekly ou April 3, 1845, by Tnomas Almy and Jo-hn C. Milne, and began the publication of a daily edition in connec tion with the weekly iu 1859, following the purchase of the Daily Beacon, a newspaper whioh 'had been started by Noel A. Tripp as succe'Ssor to the Evening 'Star, published by B. W. Pearce, in 1857. The Evening News (was the first daily published here to survive, and has been enlarged from time to time to meet a growing (business. The News was originally Democratic, but became Re publican in 1853, and has since advocated the principles of that party; though criticis ing without hesitation whenever it -believed the party leaders were wrong. It took a strong stand for freedom-during -the anti-slav ery agitation and for the Union during the Civil War, and has always worked for the right as it saw it in all moral questions of the day. It -has steadily advocated the tem perance cause and has always refused to ac cept advertising offered by the liquor inter ests, though at a considerable pecuniary loss. I'ts office was first at 5 Bedford -street, and sub sequently at the n'brt'heast comer of Main and Market streets, from which it removed to the News Building, on Pleasant street, in the early seventies. John C. Milne, one of the founders of the paper, is still a member of the firm and still active in the editorial work, and his son, Joseph D. Milne, is managing editor. Thomas Almy, Mr. Milne's first part ner, died in May, 1882.; Franklin L. Almy, the business manager; has-been connected with the paper since its establishment, and has 'been a member of the firm since 1864. Mr. Frank iS. Almy, son of Mr. Almy, has charge of the advertising and circulation depart ments. The -present firm name, Almy & Milne-, has been unchanged since 1845, ex cept for the period between the admission of Franklin L. and the death of Thomas Almy, when it 'was Almy, Milne & Co. The Fall River Daily Globe was started in 1885 as a Democratic paper and has since remained a strong advocate of the principles of -that party. It is owned by the Pall River Daily Globe Publishing Co., which now has a capital of $80,000, with Michael Sweeney president Quinlan Leary treasurer, and Michael 'Sweeney, Quinlan Leary, Robert O'Hearn, Thomas Ludden, \yilliam A. Leary, Dr. J'O'hn W. Coughlin and C. S. 'Greene direc tors. It was published in Court Square until April, 1906, when it removed to a handsome new flve-story building -which dt had erected for its use on North Main street. The flrst editor was Allen P. Kelly, and the first 'busi ness manager, David P. Lingane. Mr. Kelly was succeeded by Mr. Lingane, and Charles R. Cummings became business manager. Mr. Lingane was editor for several years, and was s-uoceeded in 1889 by George H. Brennan, who was followed by William F. Kennedy, the present managing editor, in 1891. Business managers -since Mr. Cum mings have been George R. H. Buffinton, W. H. Hanscom, C. P. Kelly and James F. Dris- coll, -the -present nianager, who has con tributed largely dn building up the business of this popular newspaper. The Border -City Herald Publishing Com pany was organized in 1872. Up to that time there had been no newspaper published in this city devoted, to Democratic principles. Foremost in the movement to establish such a paper was the late Judge Louis Lapham. Associated iwith him were Nicholas T. Gea- gan. Southard H. Miller, Jeremiah R. Leary, John Southworth, John Campbell and other Democrats, who organized a stock company with a capital of $6,000, and began the pub lication of the Border Oity Herald, an even ing paper, of which the early announcement said: "In politics, while not neutral, the Herald will toe thoroughly independent and contain very full accounts of local affairs. It is devoted to the manufacturing -and other business interests of Pall River, and seeks, in a firm, 'honorable way, to foster all en terprises whioh promise to add to the pros perity of the citizens." Quarters -were secured in the Nichols Building, on Pocasset street, near t'he site of the annex to the Boys' Club. Louis Lapham was the first editor, and Walter Scott man ager. Mr. Scott later became editor and served for several years. Other editors of the paper while it was an exponent of Democratic principles have been William Hovey, Frederick R. Burton, William B. Wright, Joseph E. Chamberlain, Brnest King, George Salisbury and M-ichael Reag-an. During their service the office was moved to Court Square, and at the close of 1889 the paper took possession of the building now owned and occupied by it at 231 to 233 Pocasset street. William F. Kennedy, Editor of the Fall River Daily Globe HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J09 In 1876 the name of the corporation was changed to the Fall River Dally Herald Pub lishing Company. About the year 1888 fhe control of the paper passed into the hands of a syndicate, of which Dr. John W. Cough lin was the leader. Nicholas T. Geagan had been treasurer and manager, and he was suc ceded toy James E. O'Connor. Associated with them were John Cuttle, John Stanton, Michael Mooney, James Lawlor, Dr. J. B. Chagnon and James H. Hoar. In 1893 the control of the paper passed into the -hands of men who changed its pol icy to independent* Republican. The presi dent of the new corporation was John D. Munroe, and the treasurer and manager was George R. H. Bufflnton. Thatcher T. Thurston was editor. The Herald continues as an in dependent Republican newspaper, the offi cers of which are as follows: President, James Marshall; treasurer and manager, John D. Munroe; directors, James Marshall, John D. Munroe, J. Thayer Lincoln, Edward B. Jennings and Willliam B. Ed-gar. The editor is Clarence B. Bury. "L'Independant" is an eight-page daily sheet published in the French language. It was founded on the 27th day of March, 1885, as a weekly newspaper, by A. Houde & Co. In 1889 it was purchased by O. Thibault, and four years later, October 13, 1893, it began its daily edition iwith Remi Tremblay, now of Ottawa (Ontario) as editor in chief. Its present editor in chief, who has been acting in that capacity for nearly twelve years, i. e., since September 6th, 1894, is G. de Ton nancour. Among its contributors are men of international fame, such as Louis Her- bette, State Councillor of France; Louis Frechette, poet laureate of Canada; Benja min Suite, the noted Canadian historian, and Leon Gerin, of Ottawa, Canada, a prominent writer on social questions. This newspaper is, and has been for the last four years, the property of "L'Indepen dant" Pu'bl'i'sihing Company, of which O. Thi bault is the treasurer and manager. It is a fearless Republican organ, whose influence, politically and educationally, is widely felt among the people of French extraction in Massachusetts and the surrounding States. "L'Independant" stands for all that is good, pure and sound in our institutions, and its Americanism has never been questioned. The Fall River Monitor.'- — Tbe country had reached its semi-centenniial 'before any news- *Contributed by William S. Robertson. paper was published here, and not until 23 years after the settlement of the town did any one have the courage to venture out upon the sea of journalism. The first num ber of the Monitor was issued January 6, 1826, toy Nathan Hall. The town was then under the corporate name of Troy, al though the name of Fall River, by -which it was flrst called and to which it was changed -back in 1834, still existed as the name of the village, the place of publication of the paper, which was on Bedford street, near M'ain. The size of the paper was 19x 24 inches, four pages and four columns to a page. The population of the town was then 3,000. July 1, 1829, Benjamin Earl, who had pre viously served -an apprenticeship on the, paper, bought out the establishment and as sumed publication of the Monitor July 1, 1829. Subsequently J. S. Hammond 'became associated with Mr. Earl in its 'publication. March, 1838, Earl & Hammond sold out their interest in -the paper to N. A. Tripp and Alfred Pearce. This partnership con tinued but three months, when Henry Pratt assumed the obligations which Mr. Pearce had thrown off, and for -many years the publishers were Messrs. Tripp & Pratt. In 1850 Mr. Tripp ceased to be a raember of the firm, and Mr. Pratt continued the publication of the paper. In December, 1868, Mr. Wil liam S. Robertson assumed the -publication of the Monitor, on the retirement of Mr. Pratt, and continued its publication until January 25, 1897, when the paper was sus pended, but the office continued for' job printing. The (Monitor was always pub lished weekly, tout also issued a daily edition for about two years while under Mr. Robert son's management. In its earlier days the Monitor was the -political organ of the Whigs, but after the formation of the Re publican party, in 1854, dt ever espoused their principles. Among those who at various times were editorially -connected with the Monitor were Joseph Hathaway, Esq., Charles P. Town- send, Matthew C. Durfee, James Ford, Esq., Hon. William P. Sheffield, Hon. Joseph E. Dawley and William S. Robertson. Puiblications here which have lived but a brief -period are numerous. The Moral En voy was a weekly, an anti-Masonic organ, published about a year, in 1830, by George W. Allen. Noel A. Tripp started the Vil lage Recorder, flrst a fortnightly and then a weekly, is 1831, but it had only a short uo HISTORY OF FALL RlVER existence, and was merged in the Monitor. The Patriot, a Democratic weekly, was started by William Canfleld in 1836, and lived about four years. In 1841 it was suc ceeded by the Archetype, published toy Thomas Almy and Louis Lapham for one year. Then came the Gazette, owned toy Abraham Bowen and Stephen Hart, also short-lived; the Argus, published by Thomas Almy and Jonathan Slade, till 1843; the Flint and Steel, edited by Dr. P. W. Leland ; the Mechanic, started by Thomas Almy in 1844 an-d -discontinued a year later; the Wam-panoag, a semi-imonithly, started In 1842 and abandoned in a year; the All Sorts, published "semi-occasionally" by Abraham -Bowen from 1841 to 1860; the Daily Evening Star, started by B. W. Pearce in 1857, changed soon after to the Daily Bea con, and merged in the Evening -News in 1859; the People's Press, started by Noel Tripp and B. W. Pearce in 1857 and merged in the Monitor in 1864. In later years there have been the Record, started in 1878 by W. O. Milne & Co.; the Sun, in 1880, by a stock company, with Er nest King, editor; the Tribune, a Republi can morning paper, and the Journal and Democrat, published by Henry -Seavey. None lived through its second year. A similar fate attended the Massachusetts Musical Journal, the Key Note, the Advance, the Labor Journal and the Saturday Morning Bulletin. L'Echo du Canada, the first paper published here in Prench, lived about two years from its founding in 1873. Samuel B. Fiske began in 1885 and only recently discontinued the publication of ten newspapers with essentially the same news, known as the Fall River Advertiser, the Somerset Times, the Swansea Record, the Freetown Journal, the Westport News, the Dighton Rock, the Rehoboth Sentinel, the Berkley Gleaner, the Norton Bulletin and the Raynham Enterprise. In 188.8 Franklin B. Christmas and James P. Dillon began the publication of the Catho lic Advocate, a weekly, whic-h was by them sold in 1890 to an association which con tinued its publication under the editorship of John J. McDonough until 1893, when it passed into the hands of James P. Lawler, who still prints it. The Weekly Journal -was published for a while in 1890 by Charles J. Leary, but it is nov/ out of existence. Boys' Club House, Presented to the Boys of FaU River by M. C. D. Borden, Esq. CHAPTER XIV RELIGIOUS DENOMINATIONS Wide Variety of Denominations. Long Pastorates and Strong Preachers. Sketch of each Church Though it cannot be said of Pall River that every creed finds a home here, there is nevertheless -a wide variety of denomina tions among the Protestants. The Congre gationalists, Methodists, Baptists, Episcopa lians and Primitive Methodists are all strong here. The Christian denomination has three churches, the Presbyterian two and the Church of the New Jerusalem, the Uni tarian, the Advent Christian, the Reorgan ized church, the Friends, the Christian Scientists and possibly other denominations one or more churches each. A Universalist Church existed for a time a half century ago, an-d attempts have since -been made to re vive it, but without success. In the Colonial days the residents of what is now -Fall River were chiefly Quakers, with , a few Congregationalists, but they attended ' services held outside -the present city liraits, the -Friends across the river and the Congre gationalists in w-hat is now Freetown. The first church to be formed here was the First Baptist, in 1781, and this Was the only one till t'he First Con.greg-ational was organized, in 1816, -closely followed by the Friends' So ciety two years later. The Methodist Church dates from 1827, the Unitarian from 1832 and the Episcopalian from 1836. With the growth of 'population new churches of these and other denominations have been forraed and have prospered, though in nearly every case the early years have -been periods of struggle against debt, and of self-denial for the faith. The clergy of the city have included men whose fame has spread toeyond their own denomination, notably Rev. E. T. Taylor, afterwards widely known for his work among the sailors; Samuel Longfellow, a brother of the poet, and J. Lewis Diraan, later a professor at Brown University. Others no longer with us, who had a strong influence in the community during their residence here, include Eli Thurston, for 20 years pastor of the Central Church, and Michael Burnham, who occupied the same pulpit for 12 years; the Reverend E. A. Buck, widely esteemed for his long service in the mis sionary field here ; John Westall, of the New Church; Asa Bronson, for 19 years pastor of local Baptist churches, and P. B. Haugh wout for 15; Orin Fowler, preacher, his torian and member of Congress, and George M. Randall, afterward Bishop of Colorado. Old Episcopal Church which stood on South Main Street, on present site of Mc Whirr's Dry Goods Store In point of length of service Dr. W. W. Adams, of the First Congregational Church, now completing his forty-third year as pas tor, is easily the flrst. Others still pastors here after considerable terms include H. C. Aydellott, who has been minister of the Friends' Society since 1877; Emelius W. Smith, rector of the Church of the Ascen sion since 1884; Payson W. Lyman, pastor of the Fowler Church since 1888, and David B. Jutten, of the Second Baptist since 1893. These and their co-workers, who have since entered the local field, constitute a corps of IJ2 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER high standing and of strong influence for righteousness dn the community. The First Congregational Church was or ganized January 9, 1816, by Joseph, Eliza beth, Richard and Wealthy Durfee and Ben jamin Brayton, at the home of Richard Dur fee. For the first seven years it had no regular place of worship or settled minister, but meetings were held each Sabbath at the horaes, the schoolhouse, the Line meeting house or a storehouse. The flrst church edi fice, 45x36, with a vestry, was erected in 1821-22 on Anawan street, near South Main, Diman, afterward professor at Brown Uni versity, 1856-1860; Solomon P. Fay, 1861-63; William W. Adams, D. D., the present pastor, since 1863. Dr. Adams, who became active pastor October 1, 1863, and iwas settled over the church Septemiber 14, the following year, has the distinction of having been minister of the church for a longer period than any other Protest-ant clergyman in the history of the city. The First Congregational has al ways been the church home of prominent men and women, and is the mother of the Central Church. Central Congregational Church and enlarged in 1827. It was later sold to the Unitarian Society, then to the town of Fall River and altered into a schoolhouse. It was burned in the flre of 1843. The pres ent church was erected in 1832 and dedi cated November 21 of that year. The first pastor was Rev. Augustus B. Reed, 1823- 1825. -Subsequent pastors have been; Thos. M. Sraith, 1826-31; Orin Fowler, historian. State Senator and raember of Congress, 1831- 1850; Benjamin J. Relyea, 1850-56; J. Lewis The Central Congregational Church was formed November 16, 1842, by seventy members of the First -Congregational Church who withdrew following a business disagree ment between two prominent members, which occasioned widespread disaffection. Only one of the charter mem-bers is now liv ing, Mrs. William Carr. The first meetings were held at the dwelling houses of the raembers, and in December a hall in the Po casset Building, a brick structure at the cor- HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 113 ner Qf South Main and Pleasant streets, was secured for a place of worship. The build ing was burned in the fire of 1843, and the church held services in the Baptist Temple until December of that year, when it was able to occupy the vestry of -a new wooden edi fice it had erected on the northwest corner of Bedford -and Rock streets, on land do nated for the purpose -by the Durfee family. The new touilding was dedicated April 24, 1844, an-d dn the evening Rev. Samue-1 Wash burn was -installed as first pastor of the church, which then had 106 members. The present beautiful church at the corner of Rock and Franklin streets was begun in May, 1874, and dedicated December 13, 1875. It is of -brick, with Nova Scotia freestone tri-m-mings, and is in the Victoria Early Eng lish Gothic style. It has a regular seating capacity of 1,200, which may 'be increased when necessary to 1,800. Over |125,000 had been subscribed for the building fund, includ ing two gifts of $40,000 eaoh from Dr. Na than Durfee and Colonel Richard Borden, but the com'pletion of the structure left the church with the old property on its hands and a debt -of $100,000. This was a heavy burden, but was carried until Sunday, Peb ruary 1, 1880, when $76,000 was raised in a single day. The original church property was sold in 1886, together with other land, and the church -became and has since re mained free from debt. The chapel was erected in 1891, at a cost of about $18,000. The pastors have -been: Rev. -Samuel Wash burn, 1844-49; Rev. Eli Thurston, D. D., 1849-69; Rev. Michael Burnham, D. D., 1870- 82 ; Rev. Eldridge -Mix, D. D., 1882-90 ; Rev. William Walker Jubb, 1891-96; Rev. William Allen Knight, 1897-1902, and Rev. Clarence P. S'wift, D. 'D., since 1902. Rev. Edwin A. Buck 'was city missionary from 1867 till his death in 1903, though relieved from active duty in 1899, and both at home and abroad the church has done much in missionary service. Its present membership is about 600. An excellent history of the church was published in 19-0-5, under the editorship of Henry H. Earl. The Fowler Congregational Church was organized in 1874, with Rev. Leander S. Coan its first pastor, and erected its meeting house, a frame building on the corner of Maple and Hanover streets, the same year. Mr. Coan was succeeded in 1875 by Calvin Keyser. 'Sumner G. Wood 'was the next pas tor, 1883-88, and was followed by Payson W. Lyman, ihe present incumbent The present name of the church was assumed in 1890, in honor of Rev. Orin Fowler. The Broadway Congregational Church, the outgrowth of a mission established by the Central Church in 1892, was organized March 13, 1894, and on the same day Don ald Browne was installed the first pastor. He resigned October 31, and was succeeded June 26, 1895, by William Todd, who- re signed July 5, 1896. James G. Megathlin was installed December 18, 1896, and resigned July 6, 1899. Rev. James B. Enman became pastor September 1, 1899, was installed Octo ber 10, and still continues in service. The French Congregational, the only Prench Protestant church in the city, grew from a -mission -begun 'by the First Church in 1884. The church was organized in 1886 and dedicated its ediflce on Harrison street in September, 1888. Rev. Xavier Smith, who began -the 'work, has been succeeded by T. J. Cote, G. C. Mousseau, G. Allard and S. P. Rondeau. The First Baptist Church was organized at the home of Jonathan Brownell, on North M'ain street, in 1781, with 30 members, and ordained its flrst pastor. Elder Amos Bur rows, two years later. He remained but one year. In 1795 two young -men, James Boomer and Job Borden, were ordained and served jointly till 1804, when Mr. Boomer left. About 1800 -a meeting house was built near the Narrows, and the name of the church changed from "The Church in Free town, Dartmouth and Westport" to "The Second Baptist Church in Tiverton." The name was twice again changed to conform with changes in the name of the town. A new meeting house on South Main street, completed in 1828 and afterwards sold to the Episcopal Church, was followed 'by the present Baptist Temple, dedicated Septem ber 16, 1840. Rev. Asa Bronson was pastor from 1833 for eleven years, during which 709 members joined the church, and a strong stand was taken against slavery. The meeting house was sold to the present Sec ond Baptist Church in 1847, and the -mem- oers of the First Church worshipped -in a hall until they were able to occupy the ves try of their present ediflce at the corner of North Main and Pine streets, in 1850. The pastors since this time have been A. P. Mason, Jacob R. Scott, 1853; P. B. Haugh wout 1855-70; Daniel C. Eddy, 1871-73; Al bion K. P. Small, 1874-83; Thomas S. Bar bour, 1883-96; P. H. Rowley, 1897-1900; A. G. Upham, since 1902. 114 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER For many years this church has been active in the local mission fleld, and now has three prosperous chapels under its guidance, the Broadway, the Brownell street and the Harrison street. The -flrst was begun as a Sunday sohool, as were the others, in 1857, and had various raeeting places till its present home was selected. W. P. Osgood was the flrst clergyman in charge, serving until 1901. He -was succeeded by George R. Atha, and in 1904 by B. G. Bwald. The Brownell Street Chapel had its inception in June 18, 1846, by 149 members of the First Church and several others, and held services in the town hall and the Unitarian vestry until, October, 1847, when it occupied the Baptist Temple, which it had purchased from the mother society. Rev. Asa Bronson, who a few years before had been -pas-tor of the First Church, was called, and served till 1857. His successors have been Charles A. Snow, 1858-64; John Duncan, 1865-70; Prank R. Morse, 1871-73; Henry C. Graves, 1874-1880; B. W. Hunt 1880-82; George W. The Church of the Ascension, Rock Street a Spring street Sabbath school 37 years ago, and after six years went to its present horae. It was organized in 1871 as the Mechanics viUe Baptist Church, a name changed in 1874 to the Third Baptist and later to its present title. Rev. Messrs. W. M. Lyles, George L. Mason, Edson, Lockwood, Eaton, Snow and Gould have been in charge at various periods. Charles E. Lewis, -who had been pastor for some years, resigned early in 1906. The Harrison Street Chapel dates from 1885. Rev. Joseph Butterworth has been in charge for riiore than ten years. The Second Baptist Church was formed Gile, 1884-93; David B. Jutten, 1893 to the present time. The Third Baptist Church is the out growth of a Sunday school organized by Deacon and Mrs. A. O. Cook and other -mem bers of the Second Baptist Church in -May, 1861. The first -meetings were held in a schoolhouse which stood where Tucker street now enters Stafford road. The at tendance increased, and in 1873 the present church 'edifice was erected by the school and its friends. It was then known as Frank lin Hall, and -was held by the Franklin Hall Corporation, which is still in existence. The HISTORY OF FALL RIVER JJ5 ounday school was continued under Deacon Cook as superintendent. In 1889 H. W. Watjen, a student at Brown, was employed to preach -Sunday evenings, followed by Charles V. French in 1890 and W. F. Wilson in 1891, who remained till 1898. The church was formed under his leadership December 4, 1890, and recognized December 29. Rev. George R. Atha -was the first pastor, called in June, 1898, and remained till July 1, 1902. He was succeeded by Rev. Joseph McKean, the present pastor, October 1, 1902. The church has ninety members and the Sun day sohool 250. Deacon Cook retired as superintendent in 1902 and was succeeded by Joseph McCreery, Jr., and in December, 1904, toy Everett B. Durfee. Extensive changes were made in the church structure in 1905. The Trinity Baptist Church is the out growth of a mission started about 1868 in a small store on Fifth street, near Branch, by Deacon Charles Coburn, Alexander O. Cook, Spaulding Southworth and others. The Fifth Street Mission was formed and the present -building erected, with the assist ance of the mills in the neighborhood, three of -which gave $100 each, and one allowed the use of the land. In 1888 the Second Bap tist Society absorbed the mission and moved the building to Foster street. The build ing was enlarged from time to time and in 1905 the Trinity Church was -formed, with sixty constituent -members. The mission was in charge of varioi:s students, Mr. Mc Lean, J. F. Watts, James Lawson, Irving J. Bnslin and Rolla B. Hunt. They were suc ceeded by W. H. Nobbs, w-ho became the flrst pastor on the organization of the church. He res-igned during the first year and :was succeeded by Rev. Frank W. Wheeler, the present pastor. The First Methodist Episcopal Church was not forraed until about 1827, though meet ings had been held occasionally for some time before that. In 1827 the first regular preacher was sent here. Rev. E. T. Taylor, widely known as "Father" Taylor for his work in be-half of the seamen. A small church building was erected in that year near Central street, A new edifice, erected on the site of the present church in 1840, was burned in -the fire of 1843, but at once rebuilt and dedicated in 1844. By 1851 the membership had become so large that a sec ond church, St. Paul's, -was formed. The church edifice was raised and stores built in front about 1870. Rev. E. Blake suc ceeded Mr. Taylor in 1829. Subsequent pas tors were Daniel Webb, Ira M. Bidwell, Squire B. Haskell, Mark Staples, Hector Bronson, Phineas Crandall, Orange Scott, Isaac Bonney, Thomas Bly, Charles K. True, George P. Poole, James D. Butler, David Pat ten, Daniel Wise, Frederick Upham, Elisha B. Bradford, John Howson, Thoraas Ely, An drew McKeown, Charles H. Payne, Henry Baylies, J. D. King, in the order named. A. A. Wright became pastor in 1870 and was followed 'by S. L. 'Gracey, 1873 ; Ensign Mc- Chesney, 1874; Watson L. Phillips, 1877; William T. North, 1879; Warren A. Luce, 1882; Dwight A. Jordan, 18S3; Alfred B. Drew, 1886; Archibald McCord, 1887; W'alter J. Yates, 1889; Warren A. Luce, 1892; Ste- P'h-en O. Benton, 1896; Williara I. Ward, 1901; Thomas Tyrie, 1903; John E. Blake, 1905. The Brayton M. E. Church had its nucleus as a Sunday school of the First church, started in 1843. It took its place as a church in 1854 as the Globe S'treet M. E. Church and purchased the home of the disbanded Christ Church on Globe street. The present name was assumed about 1870, in recogni tion of generous gifts from the Brayton family, whose ancestor, John Brayton, founded the 'South Somerset -Church. The present edifice was erected about ten years ago. Early pastors were A. H. Worthin, Elihu Grant, Charles A. Merrill, A. U. Swin- erton, Edward Hatfield, W. P. Hyde, George H. Lamson and Charles S. Morse. Bdward A. Lyon took charge in 1875 and has ,l3een su-ocee-ded as follows: Samuel Keown, 1877; Elihu -Grant 1879; William B. Heath, 1881; B. P. Simon, 1884; Robert Clark, 1886; John G. Gammons, 1889; R. M. Wilkins, 1894; Edwin E. Phillips, 1899; E. .1. Ayres, 1901; William E. Kugler, 1902; H. H. Critchlow, 1903; B. W. Goodier, 1906. The Quarry -Street M. E. Church was or ganized in 1870 and erectecl! its church edi fice the same year. William Livesey, C. W. Warren, S. M. -Beal, Richard Povey, B. D. Hall, Henry H. -Martin and James -H. Nutting were early -pastors. Their successors were John C. McGowan, 1883; .John D. King, 1884; George M. Hamblen, 1887; B. K. Bos worth, 1889; P. L. Brooks, 1892; H. A. Ridg- way, 1895; Elliott F. -S-tudley, 1900; E. J. Ayres, 1902; John Pearce, 1905; .lohn Old ham, 1906. St. Paul's M. E. Church was organized in 1851 by 123 members of the First Church, who had withdrawn to form a new society, following special services in the old church m HISTORY OF FALL RIVER that added so -many that it was unable to accommodate all who desired pews. The church ediflce on Bank street was erected in 1852 an-d enlarged to its present seating ca pacity in 1864. St Paul's has aided greatly in the establishment of new churches and given freely to missions and other benevo lences. Ralph W. Allen, the first pastor, was followed by John Hobart, 1853-54; M. J. Talbot 1855-56; Samuel C. Brown, 1857- 58; John B. Gould, 1859-60; J. A. M. Chap man, 1861-62; Samuel C. -Brown, 1863-64; Alfred A. Wright 1865; George A. Bowler, 1866-67; Francis J. Wagner, 1868-69; Emory J. Haynes, 1870-71; George E. Reed, 1872-74; George W. Woodruff, 1875-76; R. H. Rust, 1877-79; C. W. Gallagher, 1880-81; E. M. Taylor, 1882-84; H. D. KimbaU, 1885-86; J. C. HuU, 1887-88; J. M. Williams, 1889-91; A. J. Coultas, 1892-96; -J. H. MacDonald, 1897- 1900; Matthias S. Kauffman, 1901-1904; P. W. Coleman, 1905. The North M. B. Church at Steep Brook was organized in 1859. Its early pastors included A. G. Gurner, G. H. Winchester, B. Ashley, J. Gifford, J. Q. Adams, J. G. Gam mons, Philip Crandon, R. W. C. Farnworth, E. G. Babcock, G. H. Lamson, A. J. Coultas (1880-81), A. J. Church, J. A. Rood and O. B. Johnson. Recent clergymen have been: J. Livesey, 1892; S. T. Patterson, 1893; W. Rldington, 1894; A. Anderson, 1895-98; Henry W. Brown, 1899-1900; Will F. Gei^er, 1901-1902; Charles A. Purdy, 1903-05; Jacob Belts, 1905. The Summerfield M. E. Church, the young est of the churches of the -denomination m the city, dates from May 9, 1875. In that year it erected a -building on Terry street and took the name of the Terry Street M. E. Church. In 1878 the ediflce was removed to its present location -at the corner of North Main and Hood streets, and the name of North 'Main Street -M. E. Church was assumed. In 1883, when the church -build ing was raised, the name was changed to Park M. E. Church, and in 1890 to the pres ent title, in honor of Rev. John Summerfleld, a famous Methodist divine. The parson age -was erected in 1891. The pastors have been: WiUiam B. Heath, 1875-78; J. F. Shef- fl'eld, 1878-79; Eben Tirrell, Jr., 1879-82; B. P. Smith, 1882-83; George B. PuUer, 1883-85; M. S. Kaufman, 1885-88; James Tregaskis, 1888-90; Robert D. Dyson, 1890-94; Edwin F. Jones, 1894-96; Louis F. Flocken, 1896-98; Oscar P. Johnson, 1899-1904; Rennetts C. Miller, 1904. First Primitive Methodist Church. — The flrst meeting of the Primitive Methodists in tnis city was held December 20, 1871, in the Flint Block, on Pleasant street. October 12, 1874, -the articles of incorporation were signed and the mission -became a perma nent Institution. The foundation for the present building on Plymouth avenue and Dover street was laid in 'November, 1873. The church was erected during the following year and was dedicated January, 1875. The land was donated by the Richard B-orden Mfg. Company. The school room on Dover street was dedicated September 22, 1888. The following rainisters have served the church: Rev. Charles Miles, 1874 to 1877; Rev. John Finch, 1877 to 1880; Rev. Ralph Fothergill, 1880 to 1883, and died during the third year of his pastorate; Rev. J. Stewart, 1883 to 1887; Rev. S. Knowles, 1887 to 1892; Rev. J. T. Barlow, 1892 to 1897; Rev. W. B. Tay lor, 1897 to 1899; Rev. A. 'Humphries, Ph. D., the present incum-bent, began his pas torate May, 1899. Prom this mother church sprang the North Tiverton, Dwelly Street and Haffard -Street Primitive Methodist churches. The Sykes Primitive Methodist Church, on County street, is naraed for a mem'ber of the denoraination who contributed the site of the ediflce. It was founded by the Rev. Thomas Wilson, who, after a number of years' absence, is now the 'pastor. The Second Primitive Methodist Church. — In 1890 about twenty 'persons, mem bers of North Tiverton and Plymouth Avenue (Fall River) churches, had located in 'Globe village with their families, and as the distance was too great for them to at tend regularly their home churches, and there was seating capacity in Protest-ant churches in -the village for only 400 persons out of a Protestant population of about 3,500, it was decided to form a new society. Meetings were held in a store on the cor ner of South M'ain and Dwelly streets, and the Rev. John Mason, then pastor of North Tiverton Church, supplied the new society with preaching and pastoral oversight. The following year Rev. W. H. Childs took the place of Rev. J. Mason as pastor of the two societies, and preparations were made for the erection of a church in Globe village. A site was secured on Dwelly street west of South Main street, and the corner stone was laid December 17, 1892, under the pastorate of Rev. T. G. Spencer, who had been ap pointed to the charge by the gonference held HISTORY OF FALL RIVER Jl7 in May of that year. The church was dedi- caiea April 10, 1893. It is a commodious structure. Tire audience roora, neat and attractive, seats about 450, the vestry, or Ecnool room, is well arranged with class rooms, with folding partitions; the basement IS fltted for gymnasium, tea parties, etc., tne whole steam heated. The Rev. N. W. Matthews, Ph. D., succeeded Mr. Spencer in 1894, and served three years. Rev. J. T. Barlow served from 1897 to 1901, during whose -pastorate the parsonage was pur chased, though in .an incomplete stage. Rev. F. M. Bateman, D. D., was appointed in May, 1901, and during his ministry the par sonage was completed. The present pastor, Bev. Dr. Elijah Hump-hries, accepted the call in May, 1904, and is therefore in his sec ond year. The church suffered the loss of one-third of its membership by removals from the village on account of the long strike dn the cotton mills, but these losses have been fully made good and a fair increase in meraber ship secured. The changing character of the population — ^the English mill workers leav ing the community and other nationalities taking their places — presents a serious prob lem in common with the other Protestant churches of the south end. Apart from this the church is in a flourishing condition, and the prospects for the future cheering. The Church of the Ascension, the parent of all 'the Protestant Episcopal Churches in the city, was formed July 15, 1836, in the Methodist Episcopal Church. Services iwere held in the Pocasset house till 1837, when the -parish moved to the town hall, on Cen tral street where it met till 1840, when it occupied the former 'building of the First Baptist Church on South Main street. This was burned in 1850, and at once replaced by a new edifice. In 1875 the parish removed to its present stone church on Rook street. The early services were in charge of a mis sionary, George M. Randall, afterward Bish op of -Colorado, became the first rector in August, 1840, resigning in 1844. Subsequent rectors have been: A. D. McCoy, 1845-47; E. M. Porter, 1849-63; A. M. Wylie, 1863- 68; John Hewitt, 1870-71; Henry B. Hoyey, 1871-72; William McGIathery, 1873-75; Wil liam T. Fitch, 1876-81; A. St. John Chamtore, 1881-84; Emelius W. Smith since 1884. It supports St. Matthew's -mission on Pine street. St. John's Church toegan as a mission branch of the Church of the Ascension. Its originators were Nathaniel Lewis, Nathan Crabtree, George Walters, Richard Fleet George Hanson, William Wilde, William Bot- tomly and John Taylor. To these were soon added -George Porteous and others, who took an active part in building up the mission. The first service -was held in -Connell's HaU Sunday, October 6, 1878. Por nearly three years the Rev. Arthur H. Barrington was minister in charge. In 1881 the mission be came independent and erected a wooden building on South Main street. The Rev. Samuel S. iS-pear becarae rector in June of that year and continued so for twelve years. As a result of his leadership the parish bought land, built a parish -house, and on Easter Day, 1890, the flrst service for pub lic worship was held in the present stone building on Mid-die street. The Rev. Her man Page Ibecame rector in July, 1893, and was in charge for seven years. During this time the 'parish continued to increase in numerical and financial strength, a 'branch Sunday school, which has since become St. Step-hen's parish, was started, and a three- story addition to the parish house built. Mr. Page left in October, 1900, and the present rector. Rev. Chauncey H. Blodgett, took charge April 21, 1901. St. Mark's Church began its life as a Sunday sohool, meeting in private houses among the English -church people in the Flint. Later on the members met in the of fice of the Wampanoag mill. It became or ganized -as a mission of the Ascension Church February 23, 1886, and held its ser vices, in the little hall on Cas-h street, near Pleasant street — a -building demolished in 1904. The Rev. Percy S. Grant was elected minister of the mission, and 'his right hand helpers were Joseph Shaw, for many years the 'treasurer of the church, and a most faithful and efficient leader; and Richard F. 'Smith, warden of the church until 'his death in the winter of 1905, and, like Mr. Shaw, a m„ost loyal and devoted friend and servant of the parish. In 1888 the edifice on Mason street was erected, Mr. Grant continuing his work until the summer of 1893. The Rev. John Franklin Carter was the seoon-d min ister of the raission, coming to Fall River in the winter of 1893, and when, in 1894, the mission became an independent parish, Mr. Carter continued as its rector until the summer of 1900, having organized the Young Men's Club, which bears his name. The Rev. A. A. V. Binnington was rector from the fall of 1900 to the summer of 1903. 1J8 HISTORY OF FALL RTVER The Rev. Edward S. Thoraas, the present rector, commenced his -ministry in the fall of 1903. The officers of the parish to-day are as follows: Rector, the Rev. Edward Sey mour Thomas; Wardens, John R. Leemdng and Harold Crook; Treasurer, Henry Lord; Clerk, William Burton; Vestrymen, John Blakely, John Buckley, Joseph Cheetham, Ernest Dowty (Financial Secretary), James .1. Sampson, John Taylor and Thomas Wois- tenholme. Rev. J. B. Johnson, 1894-95. Under these men it had grown into a promising church, and in 1897 it became independent. Rev. P. B. W-hite -became rector in that year, and under -his guidance the present stone edifice in Gothic style, 40x85 feet, with a tower 57 feet high, was erected. The audience room is 40x60, and the chancel 24x24. Rev. J. W. Dixon followed Mr. White in 1901, and the present rector, Rev. J. J. Cogan, took charge in August, 1905. A. S. Babbitt is senior war- interior of St. Mark^s Church, Mason Street St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church dates from a house meeting held in the winter of 1891. In July of the next year, 1892, the first money was raised to pay for land for the site of the church, at the corner of Warren and Oxford -streets, and in July, 1893, the flnal payment was made. In this year the basement of the present church edi fice was built to serve as a parish house and Sunday school room. The church had begun as a mission of the Church of the Ascension and for the first flve years was in charge of Rev. B. W. Smith and his assist ants. Rev. Dr. Williams was in charge from 1892-93, Rev. Hugo Klaren, 1893-94, Rev. Mr. Wainwright for a few months following, and den, R. E. Fogwell treasurer and Benjamin Piggott clerk. St. James' Episcopal Church is the out growth of a mission established in 1871 in Tarrant Hall, on North -Main street, over what is now Cobb & Reed's store, by Rev. Henry E. Hovey, of the Church of the Ascen sion. It grew vigorously, but was allowed to lapse in 1873. Ten years later, and nearly a mile farther north, on North Main street, many of those who had worshipped in Tar rant Hall, together 'with others, founded St. James mission in Brightman Hall, taking the same name as the former mission. As a result of the tireless efforts 'of Rev. Er nest Mariett, first as assistant to Rev. Albert HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 119 St. John Chambre, rector of the Church ol tne Ascension, and .afterward as minister in charge of the new raission, a strong work was developed. The congregation began tu worship in Brightman Hall in July, 1883, and removed to their new church, on the corner of North Main and St. James streets, in March, 1885. A parish organization was ef lected Dec. 7, 1884. Mr. -Marrdett's rectors-hip terminated in November, 1889. Rev. John MU ton Peck was in charge for a few months. Rev. George Esdras Allen from the s-pring of 1890 until his death on Ash Wednesday, 1896. During the rectorship of Rev. Leslie Blias Learned, w-hich lasted until Novem ber, 1897, the indebtedness was much re duced. The next rector. Rev. WiUiam Por teous Reeve, was succeeded in March, 1899, by Rev. George Winship Sargent, during whose incum'bency the church was conse crated free from debt. The present rector. Rev. Albert L. Whittaker, assumed his duties January 1, 1902. A parish house base ment, 60x41, was formaUy opened October 1, 1905. Of the six Episcopal churches in Fall River, St. Stephen's was the last to be established. It -owes its origin to the tireless activity of the Rev. Herman Page, sometime rector of St. -John's Church, who felt that there was a crying need for services in the southern section of the city. Under his su pervision a Sunday 'School was opened in a paint shop on Charles street. This soon proved too sm'all, and the school was moved to .a barn on the same street. Th'e work was placed in charge of the Rt. Rev. Logan Herbert Roots, Bishop of Hankau, China, who was at -that time assisting the Rev. Mr. -Page as a lay reader. St. Stephen's has ever afterward felt the effect of his powerful personality. Increase of attendance necessitated an other reraoval, -this time to Mills' Hall, on South Main street. It was here that definite steps 'were taken to organize the work as a diocesan mission, and a general meeting was held on the 23d of October, 1895, in Mills' Hall. Articles of incorporation were applied -for and a permanent organization effected by the election of James B. Clifton as warden-, John Isherwood as clerk and George Butcher as treasurer. The church was placed in charge of the Rev. Gilbert W. Laidlaw. The need of a church building was now felt, and under Mr. Laidlaw, and with the cordial support of Mr. Page, a lot was bought on South Main street, facing Hicks street, and a substantial granite basement built upon it. The first service was held in this ibuilding on December 5, 1897. Since then the welfare of -the mission has steadily -advanced. In November, 1899, the Rev. Brnest Nelson Bullock assumed charge and remained -until February, 1904. 'The present officers of the parish are the Rev. Donald -Nelson Alexander, minister in charge; James O. Mills, warden; James Harrison, clerk; and Walter Schofield, treas urer. The First Christian Church, organized in i829, erected a church ediflce the following year. This 'was burned in the flre of 1843, and the present structure on Franklin street, erected in 1844. The pastors have been: Joshua V. Hines, Benjamin Taylor, William H. Taylor, James Taylor, Simon Clough, William Lane, A. G. Cummings, Jonathan Thompson, P. R. Russell, A. M. Averill, Eli jah S-haw, Joseph Bodger, Charles Mor- gridge, Stephen Fellows, David S. E. Mil lard, B. S. Fan-ton and Warren Hathaway, all prior to 1860. Thomas Holmes became pastor -in 1803, Hirara J. Gordon, 1865; S. Wright Butler, 1860; P. W. Sinks, 1878-1880; M. Sumraerbell, 1880-1886; G. B. Merritt, 1886-94; Charles B. Luck, 1895-1902; F. H. Peters, 1904. The North Christian Church, situated .on North Main street at Steep Brook, was or ganized in 1842. The pastors have been: William Shurtleff, 1861; Moses P. Favor, 1866; Charles T. Camp, 1872; O. P. Bessey, 1874; O. O. Wright 1876; C. A. Tillinghast June 11, 1876-April 1. 1879; J. W. Osborne, AprU 1, 1879-January 4, 1889; George H. Allen, January 13, 1889-July 1, 1900; T. S. Weeks, November 11, 1900-January 22, 1905; Walter B. Flanders, sdnce April 1, 1905. The Bogle Street Christian Church was organized December 3, 1876, from a Sunday school conducted for several years by Mr. and Mrs. John Kennelly. Por several years the parish was under the spiritual oversight of Rev. S. W. Butler, pastor of the First Christian Church. Under his oversight the church grew, an-d in 1883 the flrst pastor. Rev. William Dugdale, was called. The pres ent edifice -was erected in 1885 and -dedi cated the first Sunday in January, 1896. The membership on March 30, 1906. was 101. There is a large Sunday school, two Christian Endeavor societies, Ladies' Aid Society and a Young Men's Club. During the last fifteen years the church has sent 120 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER out seven of its young men into 'the work of the .ministry. The pastors have been: Williani Dugdale, 1883-1884; B. Grant 1884- 1885; O. J. Wait 1885-1887; D. Heron, 1887- 1888; W. S. Lathrop, 1889-1890; G. A. Beebe, 1891-1895; M. W. Baker, 1896-1898; R. R. Shoemaker, 1898-1900, and the present pas tor, E. J. Bodman, since 1901. The first meetings of the Friends were held here in 1818, and were for several years in the care of the Swansea meeting, at what is now South Somerset. Previous to that date the Friends in the southern section of the town 'had attended the Swansea meeting, which was more accessible -than the one near Assonet. The services here were first held in a room in the second story of the Troy mill dyehouse, on 'the site of the present offlce of that corporation. The North Main street lot, the site of the pres ent church, was purchased in 1821, 90 rods, at a net -cost of $200, and a plain struc ture, shingled on the sides and unpainted wi-thin or without, erected on the north side of the lot the foUowing year. Land for a burying ground was left in the rear. A -high stone wall was 'built on North Main street. The present -building was erected in 1836 and remodelled in 1895 at a cost of $3,500. The former structure was removed to the north side of Cherry street, near Rock, and made into a tenement house, later to be again moved to the lower end of the street, where 'it still stands. In the thirties the congregation was large, and of the -56 heads of fam-Uies in 1836, 15 were Bufflntons and 18 Chaces. Henry C. Aydellot has been min ister since 1877 and his wife, Phebe S. -Aydel lot, his colleague -since abotit 1885. A Friends' mission -has recently toeen started on Stafford road, where a chapel was erected and dedicated in April, 1900. The United Presbyterian Church dates from 1846. Its ediflce was erected on the corner of Pearl and Anawan streets dn 1851. Rev. David A. WaUace, the flrst pastor, was followed by WiUiam Maclaren, 1856-67; J. R. Kyle, 1867-75; J. H. TurnbuU, 1876-85; W. J. Martin, 1886 to the present time. The United Presbyterian Church has been one of the prosperous Protestant organiza tions of the city, and has now on its roll of communicants 300 members. It has been one of the influential 'but conservative church forces of the city. It has been simple, steady and regular in its services and work. It has stood for services of worship and for presentation of the truth of God as that bears on all life. The church has for more tnan 20 years been what may be called a free church. It has no pew rents. It levies no direct assessments on its -members. The church owns all the pews, and any family uniting with it is allowed to have choice amon-g the pews which may at the -time be vacant. It makes no difference what the amount which the family may feel able to contribute, a pew vacant anywhere is open to selection. The church uses the envelope system for its entire flnances. A meraber contributes regularly by en velopes, if so willing to do, what the m-ember regards as proper. The method has not been a failure. It has been in operation -for more than 20 years, and in that tirae the church has not once had a defloit to be made good at the close of the flnanoial ye-ar. This condition has not been reached by special, large gifts on the -part of -a few. Those have not been such. It has been reached by the faithfulness of those enrolled as raem'bers. The change in the population of the city has affected the locality in which the church has its position, and scarcely any of the members now live near to the ohuroh building. Because of this there has -been in recent years some consideration of an ef fort to remove to -some -site which in the judgment of the church would allow a still better result than the present location. But whether a change of location -will be a fact of tho future or not, the prospect is that the church will -hold on its way dn -a good work and that its mem'bers will in coming years count even more than dn the past as social and religious factors in the community life. The Globe Presbyterian Church is the outgrowth of a mission Sun-day school or ganized October 20, 1889, in the RepubUcan head-quarters at the Globe corners -toy the Rev. Mr. Morrison, a Sunday school mission ary. His assistants were the Rev. John Brown, pastor of the Westminster Prestoy- terian Church, and Messrs. Winslow and El liot, who were the flrst superintendents; George Donaldson and William Peters. The sohool soon removed to the Democratic head quarters, and then to a small building erect ed on Penn street, near South Main, where services were flrst held December 15, 1889. Preaching was carried on regularly -toy Mr. Brown, and on October 13, 1890, the church was organized, with 23 memtoers. James Earnshaw and Frederick Thorpe were the flrst elders. Rev. William Fryling became HISTORY OF FALL Rl^VER J2J the first pastor, April 1, 1891, and remained three years. He was followed by Rev. Mr. White in 1894, Rev. A. G. Alexander in 1897, Rev. Roger -Charn-ock in 1898, Rev. C. W. Nicol in 1900, Rev. G. A. -Humphries in 1901 and Rev. Edward Eells in 1900. The church edifice on South Main street, at the corner of Charles, was erected in 1900 and opened February 10, 1901. The church has SO members and a Sunday school of 117. 'The Unitarian Church was organized in 1832 by 74 men, among whom were N. B. Borden, Dr. Foster Hooper, Caleb B. Vickery and Hezekiah Battelle. Its flrst services were held in -the old Line raeeting-house, w-hioh stood on South Main street, a little north of Colurabia, but it soon bought -the First Congregational Church ediflce, on the site of the -Anawan School. In 1834, when tne flrst pastor, George Ware Briggs, was called, the erection of the present church ediflce was begun, on the corner of Borden and Second streets. This iwas dedicated January 25, 1835. The basement was rented for storage. In 1839 the society was incor porated, with Dr. Hooper the flrst moderator. Mr. Briggs -had resigned in 1837, and was ¦followed in 1840 by A. C. L. Arnold, who re mained -one year. John P. Ware was pastor from 1842-45, and was succeeded in 1847 by Samuel Longfellow, brother of the poet, who remained till 1851. Subsequent pastors have been Josiah K. Waite, 1852-58; William B. Smith, 1859-63; Charles W. Buck, 1803; Joshua Young, 1868-75; Charles H. Tindell, 1875-77; Ed-ward F. Hayward, 1878-83; A. J. Rich, 1883-90; Arthur May Knapp, 1891-97; John 'Mills Wilson, 1897-1905; John B. W. Day, since March, 1906. The present lot on North Main street was purchased in 1859, and the church -building removed to its pres ent location in 1860-61. The -Pall River branch of the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints was organized by Elder James W. Gillen, December 3, 1865, with 13 members. The organization, perfected, stood as follows: President of the branch, Wdlliam Cottam; flrst priest, Thomas Gilbert; second priest, James Hacking; teacher, Charles Gilbert; deacon and secretary, John Gilbert. For some time the -meetings -were held in private houses, but the growth of the -or ganization soon made it necessary to en gage a hall. During the year the memtoer- s-hip increased from 13 to 48. The flrst Sun day school of the branch was organized Fffbruary 25, 1866. Edward Rogerson was Superintendent assisted by Charles Gilbert and John McKee. The first church was built from October -to December 24, 1876, at a cost of $1,038, on Claflin street, the present loca tion. At this time the members-hip numbered 81. The building answered for -all purposes until April, 1882, when it was enlarged sev eral feet. The church was destroyed toy flre November 12^ 1893, with damage estimated at $1,100, and rebuilt by the insurance com pany. The church was remodeled and en larged again -during 1903 at a cost of about $3,000. The 40th -anniversary was observed Decem'ber 3, 1905, 'at which time the statis tics showed that there had been 17 -presiding elders who had served the organization, with 17 secretaries. There had been 357 bap tised, 103 expelled, 42 deaths, 77 removals and 71 received -by letter from other branches. The organization has grown steadily in the face of 'adverse circumstances; has fought down prejudice and has at last com pelled the people of Pall River to recognize the fact that it is antagonistic to the doc trines as taught by the Mormon Church of Utah, -there being no -affiliation between the two churches, the Reorganization 'being the strongest enemy of that institution. At the last report the mem'bership of the branch was 162. The present presiding elder ds Frederick G. Pitt; secretary, W. A. Sinclair, M. D.; treasurer, John Gilbert, M. D. The auxiliary societies are: Sunday school, pres ent enrollment 180; superintendent, John Pilling; secretary, Charles Cockcroft; Zion's Religio Literary Society (Young People's So ciety), organized 1900, -present membership 70; president, Susan -E. -Gilbert; secretary, Elizabeth Heap; Ladies' Aid Society, presi dent, Mrs.M. E. Cockcroft; secretary, Mar garet Billington. The Advent Christian Church is the out growth of raeetings of that denomination held 'about 1842 in the First Christian Church, and also at Steep Brook. In 1843 Elder I. I. Leslie, Roland Grant, Enoch Mer rill and others held meetings in a large tent at Bowenville, following which services were continued for a time in Pocasset Hall. Elder C. H. Sweet -held meetings dn Hoar's hall in 1884, and -in 1887 Mary H. Winslow and Mercy Arnold began m'eeti-ngs in the Troy Building, at w-hich others soon -assisted. After a few raonths removal was made to 26 Hunter street Tent meetings were held by Elder William A. Birch, in September, 1887, and the church organized October 27. Land J22 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER on Coral street was purchased, and the chapel erected -and dedicated September 19, 1888, dn connection with the sessions of the Bristol and Plymouth Counties conference. The pastors have been C. H. Sweet, T. W. Richardson, H. E. Thompson and A. R. Mead. The Church of the New Jerusalem was or ganized in 1854, with seven mem-bers, and erected its ediflce on Rock street in 1869. The society had previously met in various halls, and was led by the Rev. John Westall, who was also reader. Mr. Westall was or dained as the first pastor October 21, 1877, and served till May 25, 1880. His successors have been: Henry C. Hay, May 25, 1886- July 31, 1887; George S. Wheeler, March 18, 1888-July 6, 1890; Clarence Lathbury, March 29, 1891, to October 15, 1894; Gardner I. Ward, March 18, 1895-June 21, 1903; Duane V. Bowen, the present pastor, since Novem ber 1, 1904. A Church of Christ (Scientist) w-as or ganized May 19, 1892, and now meets in the Archer building on Rock street. The First Spiritual Church and Lyceum was formed in 1858 and is pushing plans for the erection of a temple. The Jews have three congregations here — the Sons of Jacob, the Union Street Syna gogue and the Congregation Adas Israel. There are also three colored churches — the African M. B. and the ShUoh and Union Bap tist. The Armor-y CHAPTER XV THE CATHOLIC CHURCH The Diocese of Fall River. Beginnings of Catholicity Here. Numerous Strong Parishes With Their History Pall River is a strong Catholic city, with possibly owo-thirds, if not more, of its popula tion raembers of this faith. It is the cathe dral city of the diocese that bears its name, an-d has twenty large and active parishes, with a nuraber of stately and exceedingly beautiful church edifices, erected at great cost and the admiration of Catholics and non- Catholics alike. To these have been added parochial schools, convents, academies, or phans' -homes and, lately, a magniflcent hos pital. No cathedral has yet been erected, on account of the -brief period since the present diocfese was formed, but there is every reason to -believe that when such a S'tructure does rise here it will be a credit to the city and the Church. The growth of the Catholic Church here has -been almost entirely since the Civil W-ar, though the mass was said in Pall River as early as 1829. This section was then a part of the diocese of Boston, and reraained in that see until the erection of the diocese of Providence, in 1872, when it became a part of the charge of the bishop there. The diocess of Fall River was formed March 12, 1904, consisting of Bristol, Barnstable and Dukes counties an-d the towns of Marion and Matta- poisett, in Plymouth County. Rt. Rev. Wil liam 'Stang was consecrated the flrst bishop on May 1, 1904, dn the cathedral at Provi dence. The flrst Episcopal residence here was at the northeast corner of Winter and Cherry streets, from which it was removed to the Job Leonard mansion on Highland avenue in 1905. -St. Mary's Church, the old est Catholic 'house of worship in the city, was named as the pro-cathedral. Though it has been im-possible to deter mine accurately when the service of the church was flrst held here, it is believed to have been in 1829, in the kitchen of a woman named Kennedy, with an altar made of the kitchen table covered with a white cloth. Father Corry, of Taunton, was the celebrant. and came -here at intervals of from one to three months. Two years later, in 1829, the total Catholic population here, accord ing to Bishop -Fenwick's diary, was but 20 souls, but by 1832 it is estimated to have in creased to 50, including children. T. e first -attempt at organization appears to have been made toward the end of 1834, and on Pebruary 18, 1835, Father Corry purchased from Peter McLarrin 38% rods of land on Spring street, the site of St. Mary's Churc-h, for $659.67. In 18^7 a small wooden chapel without a collar was erected and-given the name of St. John the Baptist. New vestments were purchased and an altar erected, and the foUowing year Father Corry took up his residence here. He was soon after succeeded by Father Hardy, and in 1840 by Rev. Edward Murphy, who had come here from t-he Penobscot Indians in Maine. Meanwhile the Catholic population had increased, with the growth of the co-m- r.unity, and Fr. Murphy enlarged the church by an extension at the rear, w.hich carried the altar and six pews over the line into Rhode Island, while the rest of the church was in Massachusetts. A basement was also constructed and a day school organized, taught by Michael Hanrahan. A cottage on Spring street was purchased and fitted as a rectory, and in 1847 Father McNulty was sent here as an assistant to Father Murphy, who then had charge of the parish of New Bedford, as well as Pall River. The con.gregation grew so rapidly that a new church -became a necessity, and soon after 1850 the work of building a basement for the structure was begun about the old building. The cornerstone was laid by Bish op Fenwick August 8, 1852, and the walls, with the exception of that in front, carried up to their present height The old structure was then -sawed in two and removed to the site of 'the present rectory, on Second street, where services were held till St. Mary's was 124 HISTORY OF FALL^^RIVHR completed. The steeple and vestry were not yet built, hut aside from these -it was as it is now — a granite edifice 126x71, with an interior heigiht of 90 feet and a seating ca pacity -of 2,000. The name was changed to the present title. The old chapel wais de- S'troyed by flre July 12, 1856, and from that time services were held in the present church. The population of the parish continued to increase so rapidly that it was several times -divided. The Sisters of Mercy came in 1874 and a parochial school started under their charge, flrst in their home on Rodman and Fourth streets, 'and the following year in the chapel, which had been re'built -after the fire. The present convent was pur chased in 1875, and tue chapel moved across the street and enlarged for -sohool purposes, where the -school has since been -held. The corner-stone of -a new building better suited for the purposes was laid this spring. Father Murphy, after his long -and active service, pa-ssed away in Ireland, whither he -had gone for his health, July 9, 1887. His re mains were brought to this city and placed in the vault beneath the church which he had built, August 1, 1887. Rev. Christopher Hughes, the present pas tor of St. Mary's, succeeded Father Murp-hy in September, 1887, and under his care the parish -has prospered. The church was ren ovated throughout, statuary, side altars, stained iwindows, a marble high altar and other notable im-provements have been made, additional real estate purchased and the church consecrated in -September, 1901. 'St. Patrick's, as well as other early Catho lic parishes, was formed by a division of St. Mary's, and' dates from 1873. Rev. John Kelly, the flrst pastor, said mass in a -build ing known as -the "broom factory," which was followed by a temporary wooden church. Fr. Kelly spent years in collecting and self- denial for securing -funds for a new edifice, and on 'September 18, 1881, the cornerstone of the present imposing structure was laid. He died in Januarj', 1885, and was succeeded by Rev. Thomas P. 'Grace, who was able to open and comple!te the church in 1889. A parochial school had been opened in 1886, and a convent secured for the Sisters of Mercy in 1887. Rev. Michael J. Cooke, who succeeded Father Grace in 1890, and is stUl the pastor, rebuilt the sohool and has laid out much in the improvement of the prop erty. The parish of the Sacred Heart wag formed frora St. Mary's parish soon after the erection of the diocese of Providence, and land for the church on Linden street was purchased -by Pr. Murphy of St. Mary's m 1872. Plans for -an edifice -were prepared, but after the appointment of Rev. Francis Qudnn in January, 1873, these were dis carded and new ones drawn, on which the erection of the present church was soon after begun. Rev. Mathias McCabe, the present pastor, when appointed in the autumn ut 1874, found the building not half done and the parish in debt $80,000. The church was completed and dedicated in September, 1883. In 1880 -a large -brick schoolhouse was erected and placed in charge of -the Sisters of the Union of the Sacred Heart, but not entirely finished until 1893. The parish of St. Joseph's was formed in 1873, on the same day as St. Patrick's, with Rev. William Brio the flrst pastor. Land was purchased, a temporary wooden church erect ed and the cornerstone of the present ediflce laid August 15, 1880. Fr. Brio died August 7, 1880, and was succeeded by Rev. Andrew Brady, who lived until shortly before the completion of the church, a fine brick build ing, which was dedicated May 30, 1885. Rev. Bernard Boylan, who succeeded Fr. Brady, is still the pastor. Somerset was a mission of the parish until 1877. St Louis' parish was forraed in May, 1885, also frora St. Mary's, and the flrst mass was said on the 24th of that month, in the old thread -mill at the corner of Mulberry and Division streets. The cornerstone of the present structure, which faces the South Park, -was laid October 18, 1885, and within a year the -basement was completed and -occu pied. The church was dedicated May 11, 1890. Rev. Louis Deady, the flrst -pastor, remained iintU the fall of 1896, and saw the erection of the church, the parochial resi dence and the Holy Name Institute, at an approximate cost of $80,000. Rev. James H. Pogarty, the present 'P'astor, 'has been in charge since 1885. St. Louis parish has a handsome 'brick parochial school, situated on Division street. St. Vincent's Orphanage. — The St. Vin cent's -Home Corporation was granted a char ter by the Commonwealth on February 7, 1889, "for the purpose of caring, maintaining and educating indigent children." The St Vincent's Home, as it is popularly known, was founded in 1885, while FaU River -was a part of the diocese of Providence, under the St. Mary's Chyrch 126 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER episcopate of Rt. Rev. Thomas F. Hendrick- en, D. D. Bishop Hendricken's successor, Rt. Rev. Matthew Harkins, D. D., was the flrst corporate president of St. Vincent's, Rev. Bernard Boylan its flrst treasurer and the late GUbert P. Cuttle its flrst clerk. Cor nelius S. Greene has 'been vice-president of the home from its inception. Rt. Rev. Wil liam Stang, D. D., Bishop of Fall River, is now president and treasurer. Rev. Bernard P. McCahill clerk, and Rev. Mortimer Downing resident chaplain of the home. Rev. Mr. Downing is also supervisor of Catholic chari ties for the Fall River diocese. The or phanage is located on North Main -street, op posite Baldwin street, at Steep Brook. The grounds consist of several acres, beautifully St, Vincent Home Situated between the street and Taunton Great River, and picturesquely variegated with hill and vale, trees, shrubbery and water. The site of the home at -the tirae of purchase was a pleasure garden known as "Forest Hill," and otherwise known as "Ash ley's Grove." The wooden buildings on the grounds served the purpose of the orphan age until 1894, when the present brick struc ture, an up-to-date building with all modern appointments and belongings, was erected at a cost approximating $75,000. The home is now entirely free frora debt, due to the energy of Rev. Cornelius Kelly, who for sev eral years managed the coUection of the liquidation funds, and to the generosity of the priests and people of the diocese. St Vincent's is in charge of the Sisters of Mercy and shelters between 240 and 260 children; its flrst -manager and superintend ent was Sister Magdalen, and on her death the vacancy was fllled by the appointraent of Sister Mechtilde, the present incumbent. Ste. Anne's paris-h* was the flrst French religious organization formed here — in 1869, two years a'fter the immigration of the Cana- *Prom a paper contributed by Rev. Paul V. Charland, O. P. of Ste. Anne's. dians to this city began in earnest. The rec ords of St. Mary's Church, the parent church, show no French names previous to 1862, but in that year the baptismal -book bears the names of Elise Levalee 'Levalee) -and James Goslin, probably an -^lioized form ot Jacques Gosselin; 1 63, Thomas de Courcy; in 18G4, Agath. ^ois and Albert Dubois. There is no Prv '•¦hristening in 1865, but six in 1866, 13 in large num ber in 1808, increasing aga. ^o a consSde-r- able extent in 1869, when Ste. Anne's parish was formed. Thus the beginning of French immigration to Fall River may be traced to some time after the War -of the Secession, about 1867. If Canada is nowadays a prosperous coun try, almost as much, proportionately, it is said, as the United States, it was -not so so.me forty years ago. Operatives were paid very low iwages, and it is no wonder that hearing of high salaries awarded to -people ot their crafts in the 'States, they crossed the boundary line. They came, one by one, two by two, and finally by the score, and Mr. Dubuque's val uable work dn the origin of the French col ony in Fall River states that they num bered about 3,000 in 1869. Rev. A. J. Derbuel, formerly pastor at West Boylston and afterwards appointed curate at St. Mary's Church in 1868, was the first French priest who attended to the Cana dians of FaU River. His name appears in St. Mary's records frora the 1st of Sep tember to the 21st of October of th.at year. The Rev. Olivier Verdier, also a Prench missionary, continued his work, but only for a short time, as he died in 18C9. A third Prench priest M. F. Le Breton, signed the register October 22, 1869. That same year I'Abbe Paul Ro- main-Louis-Adrien de Montaubricq (honor ary canon of Bordeaux), a descendant of a noble family in Prance, arrived in Pall River, and naturally all grandsons and granddaughters of Prance, so dear to all Prench Canadians, flocked around him. He was -already the pastor of the Prench popula tion, and might have severed at once from the Irish one, by renting a hall or some large house, where he could asserable with his people. But he thought it was toest not to part as yet from St. Mary's and to enjoy for a little while longer her generous hospitality. Hds na-me appears in St. Mary's records for the first time August 2, 1869, and for the last Octotoer 23 of the same year. Courteous 7* h -i . .^ ''^.JS^lS^ Ste. Anne's Church 128 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER always, as all memtoers of the French notolli- ty, nevertheless he failed in some respects, tne old people say. As he was a great speaker, he happened sometimes to expa tiate just a little bit too much in his ser mons, -and consequently his mass was hard ly finished -when it was time for another to begin. The work consisted first in estab lishing a new parish, a thorough French parish, and in building a church; the latter was erected at the corner of Hunter 'and Hope streets, where the schools of Ste. Anne are now located. It is said that, in the course of the construction, he met with an accident which might have proved fatal, but that he escaped 'without any serious harm, because of his having invoked the Good Saint Through gratitude, he had the church dedicated to her sacred name. A part of the foundations o-nly remain at pres ent, and these 'have been used -as a support for another wall. There remains only an entire ruin of what should have 'been kept as a viivid souvenir of bygone days. This little chapel -was the mother-church of several others, and one. cannot help toeing amazed at the wonderful expansion of French C-at-holicity in this city. At the Flint Village, where the gorgeous Church of Notre Dame de Lourdes now stands adorned with the still more gorgeous painting 'by Creraonind, lived a large group of the so-called "Frenchdes." They were far -away from Ste. Anne's and, besides, the church was getting too small for the ever increasing population. At last they de cided to have a new house of worship built, and also a priest of their own nationality. Local history here gives -many a -detail showing the deep attachment of the "E^enchies" to -their mother language. "Frenchies" -may perhaps like to talk busi ness or anything else in English, tout, as Bishop Stang says his prayers in iGerman and acknowledges the fact freely, so they insist upon their right that, -being French, thedr religion ishould be French. Their patriotism was so great that it was only after great difflculties and contests which the 'Holy See had to settle that a second church was finally established in July, 1874, at the FUnt Village, and Rev. P. J. B. Bed-ard appointed -pastor. On December 3, 1887, twelve or thirteen years later, a third parish was founded at BowenvUle, and called St. Matthew, after the patron saint of Bishop Harkins of Provi dence. The parish of Ste. Anne did not seem to be impoverished by this continual output of her own wealth. New children were constantly being added to her, and so much so that hardly two years later -she was able to organize a fourth congregation at the Globe, where Father Delemarre's beau tiful church -now -basks in the sunshine. Some six or seven years more and St. John the Baptist of Maplewood is created (1899). The church is not yet co-mpleted, when St. Roch, the Benjamin child of the old Ste. Anne, is 'brought to life. This may not be the "end of it." The French population of Fall River, which amounted to three thou sand in 1870, as -may be seen above, has gradually increased to thirty-five — ^some say forty — ^thousand people, and, although the old Mother 'Ste. Anne has been divided into flve or six parts, there is always more left to offer -to some curate to guard and protect. Were one making a speech or indulging in poetry instead of writing dry history, he might here -add a few comments in regard to the generosity and liberality of the Prench populatio-n, but -facts are better and speak for themselves. To buy extensive lots, -build churches, rec tories, parochial schools, academies and hospitals; to tear -down the old structures in order to erect better ones, and, in fact, masterpieces of architecture, and at the same time support flnancially the priests, and school teachers by the score, besides the sisters, never to com'plain of giving too much, that continually denotes a spirit of devotedness and liberality which is inherent to a remarkable degree in the French. It has been asked often by outsiders or pass ers-by how it-he new 'Ste. Anne's Church could possibly have 'been constructed, because no many, especialy from New York or large cities, judging from appearances, deem its cost to be about a million dollars. In fact, it is hardly one-'half of this sum, but half a million -dollars, considering the average -con dition of the people, raostly all laborers, -is a not insig-nifl'cant amount. Not one of t'he priests of this city who does not give his -most heartfelt thanks to the fathers, mothers, isons and -daughteirs, who have given spontaneously, year after year, and week after week, part of their limited earn ings, for the welfare and advancement of this parish and the glory of God. Referring to the question asked toy the passer-by, "Who built Ste. Anne'? Church," the beauti- HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J29 ful monument which calls forth so much prais-e and admiration, this is the only truth ful answer: "It is the factory boy and the factory girl." Since the flrst missionaries of Ste. Anne Derbuel, Verdier and Montaubricq were succeeded by the Rev. Fathers Briscoe and Clarke, the latter now at St Theresa's, in Providence. Especially to the flrst Domini can pioneers, who gave such a powerful impulse to this parts-h, the Fathers Mothou, Bsteva, Sauval, Therien, Cormevais. Father Sauval met with great success at Ste. Anne's, and was devoted to his parishioners. With ever increasing zeal he felt both for their spiritual and temporal affairs, with abiUty in 'business matters, and energy and firm hope in 'the future. He built five or six parochial schools and the Academy on Park street; the ideal lot where Ste. Anne's Church and rectory are now located, and constructed the rectory and part of the foundations of the new church. Rev. Father Raymond A. Grolleau, the present pastor of Ste. Anne's, carried on the good work. What seemed an impossibility after Father Sauval's death, an impossibility for a score -of years and maybe half a century, viz.: the continuation and completion of the church 'he imade feasible at his flrst -ar rival in this city. The completion of the church -demanded an expense of about $300,- 000, but he feared nothing, and so persua sive vra,s his pleading that none had any ob jections, neither the bishop, the Rt. Rev. Matthew Harkins, nor the parishioners, not withstanding all they had already done for their parish. Ste. Anne's Church W'as dedicated on July 4, 1906, and its doors are now thrown open to the public in general, when every one visiting this magnificent struc ture -will readily pronounce it a masterly piece of work. Some churches m-ay seem to some more elaborate, more ornamental (more t-heatre-like), but considering the style which has been adopted, the old Ro man Byzantine, -and remembering also the limited means of the people, every connois seur will acknowledge that nothing bet ter, even nothing -else could have been done. The co-mpletion of Ste. Anne's Church calls fO'rth -i-m-provements from all sides. Quite recently the Do-minican Sisters of the Academy on Park street, formerly only ten or twelve, now num-bering flfty, -decided to considerably en-lairge their establishment. and with this end in view have boug-ht a lot of land adjoining their own, at the same time -making plans for an extensive addi tion. What is no longer -a plan or an idle dream, but an attractive reality, is Ste. Anne's Rectory, now being con structed in a line wdth the vestry of the church, -and -built dn the -same style and materials as the church itself. Whoever will look -at its -size, -its costly rough or face-hammered blue martole of Vermont its fine gables and turrets and porches and other -different detaUs, will certainly con gratulate the Dominican Fathers for their deep sense of aesthetics, and their love of the beautiful, if he is told that they intend to pay for that house, almost a palace, out of their own financial resources. Ste. Anne's Hospital, -built and -paid for by the -Dominican Sisters of Charity of Tours, France, was -dedicated February 4, 1906, with elaborate ceremonies in fhe pres ence of -an immense gathering of clergy men, lawyers, city officials, headed by Mayor John T. Coughlin,, religio-mili'tary so cieties and members of all professions. This hospital was suggested by Rev. Father Grolleau a few years ago. He had seen in his native land of France some of the flnest institutions of that kind in the world, in charge of 'Sisters who were trained nurses, and he had had many an opportu nity to appreciate the excellent work done by these women. After long negotiations with the Sisters, he succeeded in -bringing them here with enough of their own funds to realize his dream of a flne hospital. With considera'ble difflculty he purchased 'from the Messrs. Jonathan and James C'hace, of Providence, the lot of land he coveted, just opposite his church, -on the right 'hand side of Middle street — an ideal location for the purpose for which he intended it. The building is four stories high, with the base ment, and covers an area of 11,824 square feet. Its appearance is imposing, even in its embryo form, for in accordance with the complete plans which have been 'drawn, add-itions will be made as soon as there is a demand for them. At present the struc ture is co-raposed of three sections, one on Middle street, extending 183 feet long, -an other on South Main street, extending 198 feet, an-d the third one on Oliver street, measuring 100 feet. It belongs to no special style of archi tecture, except the gables, built in Flemish J30 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER style, really SpaniS'h style, since this has been copied -from the Spanish by -the Flem ish architects. Except -this little ornamen tation, the general lines are very simple, and an inspection of the interior will -at once prove that the whole building has been devised in view of its usefulness. Space, Ught and air and the arrange ments for the heating, the lighting and ven tilation are perfect. There are flve wards for the sick, two for the men and three for the women, one of eaoh class for the medical and the others for surgical cases. There are also about forty private rooms, and so-me suites with a sleeping room, a combination sitting and dining room, a toilet room, with bath and all the accessories. The o-perating room ds one of the best ap pointed in the country, and many a doctor says it is surpassed by none. The fourth floor will not be corapleted for some time, but, m.inus this floor, Ste. Anne's Hospital can easily accommodate from 100 to 125 patients. The Sisters in charge are at present Reverend Mother Marguerite, pres ident; Sister Gonzague, secretary of the corporation, registered druggist and trained nurse of exceptional ability; Sisters Made leine, -Camille, Aquilin, Matthieu, Flora, Theotime, Jeanne, Marguerite, all profes sional nurses, or "inflrraieres," as they are called in Prance. Professional nurses, araong whora is Miss Amilie Despins, for merly of 'the Union Hospital of this city, are giving their help to the institution, and a nu-mtoer of Sisters are to come from the old country. The corps of physicians and surgeons, or "the staff," 'was well selected. In May, 1906, it was composed as follows: President, Dr. P. A. A. Collett; vice-president, Dr. George L. Richards; secretary. Dr. J. E. Huard. Attending surgeons: Drs. J. E. Lanoie, J. B. Trainor, J. A. Barre, A. I. ConneU, H. G. Wilbur, A. C. Lewis. Attending physicians: Drs. P. A. A. Collet, H. A. Rosa, S. V. Mer ritt, P. de B. Bergeron, J. P. A. Garneau, M. A. Blanchette. Specialists: Genito-urinary an-d -skin diseases, Drs. George E. Luther and A. Fecteau; ear, nose an-d throat, -Drs. G. L. Richards and J. E. Huard; eyes, Drs. A. St. George and O. H. Jackson; children's diseases, D-rs. Michael Kelly and J. S. Le- boeuf; orthopedic surgeons. Dr. P. T. Cris- po and E. P. Curry; pathologist, Dr. Mary W. Marvell; bacteriologist, Dr. D. R. Ryder; anaesthetists, Dr. F. H. Beckett, P. J. A. Dufault, J. D. Beauparlant an-d J. E. -Mer cier; denti-S'ts, Drs. T. P. Sullivan and J Homer Barre. Consulting physicians: Drs. S. J. Kelly, John W. Coughlin, J. B. Chag non, George iS. Eddy, William H. Butler, A. S. MacKnight and Thomas F. Gunning. Consulting surgeons: Drs. A. W. Buck, R. W. Jackson, Dwight E. Cone, W. T. Learned, Ubald J. Pa-qui-n, of New Bedford, and Joao Pitta, also of -New Bedford; Drs. Garceau and Jones, of Boston. Before long an addition to the hospital will be made, when the Ste. Anne's old Rec tory is moved across Middle street to the lot in front of the south wing of the build ing, where it will be re-modeled and turned into a boarding house for young women who work in mills or commercial establish ments and whose parents do not live here. The Dominican Fathers have other plans in mind which they -will propose later on. They 'have already made of what a few years ago consisted only of vacant lots and swamps one of the finest spots of the city. Notre Dame de Lourdes is protoatoly the most powerful French Roman Catholic parish in the United States. It was formed in 1874 toy a division of 'the parish of Ste. Anne, then the only Prench Catholic church in the city, and 'has grown rapidly with the P'henomenal increase in the French popula tion in the eastern section. Rev. Pierre Jean-Baptiste Bed-ard was the first pastor and was greatly beloved by his people, with whom he remained until his death, in 1884. He was succeeded after a year by -the Rev. J. M. LaPlamme, and in 1888 by Rev. J. A. Prev-oct, the present pastor. ' The first church was a frame structure, which stood on Bassett street, on ground now partly oc cupied by St. Joseph's O-rphanage. It was destroyed by fire in November, 1893, but after a few months it was possible to hold services in the basement of the present beautiful church, which had been begun in 1891. This basement has since been used as a place of worship, -but dt is expected that the main -auditorium will -be ready for occupancy in September. T-he church is of granite, of imposing architecture an-d will represent a total cost of $300,000. The style is pure Corinthian and 'without a pil lar dn the whole vast church, allowing an unobstructed view of the altar. There are no galleries, except a small one in the rear for the choir and organ. The ceiling is adorned with a beautiful painting of the Last Judgraent, by Ludovic Cremonini, a celebrated Roman artist, who has also paint- HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J3J ed an allegory of the Holy Rosary for the rotunda, one of the Immaculate Conception for the arch between the sanctuary and the nave, and other subjects for general decora tion. The stucco work was done by an other Italian artist. Signer Castagnoli. The splendid new rectory on Eastern avenue and Bassett street was completed in 1897 at a cost of $30,000. Connected with the parish is the orphan age of St. Joseph, which cares for 350 chil dren, and -occupies a large structure built in 1893; the Jesus Marie Convent, dating from 1877, and a large and comimodious parochial sohool and coUege, com-pleted in 1898, at a c-o-st of $75,000. This was or ganized in 1882 -and is situated on Bassett street, near Ashton. It has 1,100 pupils. The Church of the Blessed Sacrament, formerly St. Dominic's, was started as a mission of Ste. Anne's, and -was founded by the Dominicans. P. Gill-ant, 0. P., was the flrst pastor and was succee-ded in 1892 by Rev. L. O. M-assiootte. The cornerstone of the present handsome church on Town- send hUl was laid July 4, 1902. Rev. D. V. Delamarre ds in charge. St Roch's dates from -May, 1899, when it was started by Rev. J. B. Th. Giguere, the present pastor. The flrst mass was -held in the hall of the Llgue des Patriotes. Land has since been bought and a frame church erected on Pine street. Santo Christo parish (Portuguese) was founded by Rev. Pr. Neves in 1891. It was attended from New Bedford until July, 1892, when the Rev. C. A. Martens -became pas tor. He was foUowed in June, 1898, by Rev. P. S. Mesquita, who is still in charge. The contract for the construction of the base ment of a new church iw-as recently award ed; St. Michael's started as a mission of Santo Christo. The basement for a church was opened in 1896. The pastor is Rev. Manuel C. GrlUa. The other Catholic parishes -here are B-spirl'to Santo (Portuguese) and Madonna de Rosario (Italian). St. -Stanislaus Catho lic (Polish) Church is located on Rockland street and has a commo-dious parochial school -on the same street. Another Polish church known as the Indepe-n-dent Polish Catholic Church is located on West Glo-be street. SS. Peter aud Paul's parish was formed in April, 3882, with Rev. Patrick Doyle the first pastor. For nearly a year mass was said in a large store until the first church, a frame structure, was ready for occupancy. The cornerstone of the present edifice was laid June 7, 1896, and the church -dedicated March 25, 1900. Father Doyle died in the summer of 1893 and was succeeded by Rev. Bernard F. Mc Cahill, the present -pastor. The Immaculate Conception parish was also formed in April, 1882, with Rev. Owen Kiernan the first pastor. Land was bought at once -and the cornerstone of the present structure laid April 14, 1883. Rev. Cor nelius MoSweeney is the -pastor. St. Mathieu's parish was organized in the fall of 1886. Rev. J. A. Payan, the first priest bought the site of the church the following year, and soon after began the construction of the basement. The corner stone was laid 'September 3, 1893, and the building dedicated September 20, 1896. Rev. L. A. -Casgrain, who succeeded Pr. Payan, was pastor from 1888 till February, 1895, when he was followed by Rev. J. G. Levalle, who is still in charge. The parish of St. John Bap-tiste, on Staf ford ro-ad, is comparatively ne-w. It is in charge of Rev. H. J. Musselly. St. Williams parish, named as a delicate compliment to Bishop William Stang, it is said, was -organized in May, 1905, with Rev. Patrick McGee in charge. A church is under construction. The Convent and Academy of the Holy Union of the Sacred Hearts, on Prospect street, under the care of the Sisters of that name, was established in 1886, iwhen the Sis ters -bought the 'property, erected -an academy building and took charge of the Sacred Heart parochial school. They now have 18 members and 12 no-vitiates, with 550 pupils in the -school and about 80 in the academy. A new ibuilding of brick and stone, three stories in height, is being erected, and- when completed will furnish accommodations for 150 pupils. I I I - The Sisters of St. Joseph, numbering 25, who came -here in 1902, have three houses, the principal one on Trem-ont street, and instruct about 1,200 pupils in the St. Roch's, St. Mathieu's, Blessed Sacrament and Maplewood parochial schools. Land has been purchased at Townsend Hill for the erection of a home for the 'Sisters. Other convents are those of the Ladies of Jesus-Mary, of Our Lady of Perpetual Succor and the Dominican 'Sisters. CHAPTER XVI CLUBS, LODGES, SOCIAL AND OTHER ORGANIZATIONS Y. M. C. A., Boys' Club, Home for Aged People and Similar Institutions. Quequechan Club, and Masonic and Other Lodges. The Militia. Labor Unions and Labor Troubles The leading club in the city is the Queque chan, which has a large and comfortable house on 'North Main street, iwhere nearly all the distinguished visitors to the city have been entertained in recent years. Among these have been the Honourable Artil lery Company, of London, when it was the guest of the Ancient and Honorable Artil lery Company of Boston; the delegations of prominent Filipinos who visited the United States -as the guests of the nation, and Gov ernors and other high dignitaries. The club was formed in 1893 in part as a succes sor of the old Commerci-al Club, wdth 25 charter members, of whom William P. Hooper, James E. Osborn, Bdward Barker, P. O. Dodge, David Beattie and Dr. D. A. Babcock were the m-ore active. The mem bership soon increased to 200 and now con sists of 235 reside-n-t and 95 non-resident members. The William Mason house was purchased and greatly enlarged to its pres ent size. Williara P. Hooper and James E. O'sborn have been president and vice-presi dent, respectively, -since its organization. Frederick O. Dodge was the flrst treas urer, succeeded by Edward I. Marvell and shortly after by Bdward Barker, the present offlcer. R. P. Borden was the flrst secre tary. That -office is now held by P. A. Mathewson. The fi-rst Young Men's Christian Associa tion here w-as formed in the -spring of 1857, with R. K. Remington, Walter Paine, 3d, WiUiam H. Mason, John C. Milne, Elihu An drews, John D. Flint, Alexander T. Milne and Walter C. Durfee araong its prominent supporters. R. K. Remington was president, James B. Pearson secretary and Charles J. Holmes treasurer. The association lived until the outbreak of tbe Civil War, when it gave up its work, in common with many similar organizations. It was reorganized in 1868, with George B. Durfee president. He was succeeded by B. C. Nason in 1870, Leroy Sargent in 1873, Ray G. HuUng and J. H. Pierce. The work was discontinued in 1880. The present association was forraed eight years later, in 1888, with James P. Jackson president, Andrew J. Jennings vice-presi dent, W. Frank Shove recording secretary, and En-ooh J. French treasurer. Mr. Jack son 'was succeeded in 1891 by Rev. Percy -S. Grant, who held offlce 'till the fall of 1893, when 'he re-signed to reraove to New York. A -movement to raise funds for a building was -started at this time, -and about $19,000 paid in, with whioh the site of the present building was purchased. The home of the association from 1888 till 1895 was in the Slade house, so-call ed, -at the corner of Elm and North M-ain -streets, generously contributed rent free by Mrs. Mary B. Young. The selection -of the site of this structure for the new public library building made reraoval necessary and the store room on the southeast corner of North Main and Pine streets was occupied till the old house that stood on the site of the present building could be renovated and -made ready for oocupancy in the fall of 1896. Shortly a-fter entering this building Mr. W. D. Fellows, of Erie, Pa., was engaged as general secretary, and his coming to the city marked the beginning of a ne'W era for the Association. He was a man of mag netic personality, rare executive and busi ness ability, combined with unusual spirit ual gifts, an-d under his administration the Association ga'thered fresh impetus. Mr. Fel lows was aibly assisted during this crucial period by Mr. Arthur Rudm-an, iwho resigned in 1904 to accept a position in the work at HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J 33 ManUa, Philippine Islands, under the Inter national Committee. A gymnasium was erected in 1896, and in April, 1900, the building fund for the present structure was -Started with a gift of $10,000. Other contributions brought -the fund up to about $77,000, and work was begun in the spring of 1901. The cornerstone was laid September 21 of that year, and the build ing -dedicated April 19, 1903, with addresses by prominent city officials and others. It is a handsome four^story structure of hammered Pall River granite and gray Roraan brick, with a frontage of 86 feet on North Main street and a depth ranging from sachusetts and Rhode Island. The third floor front contains a kitchen with modern accessories, and dining room, and the fourth floor is given up 'to dormitories, from which an annual income of over $3,000 is derived. The basement of the combined structure contains se-parate lavatories and locker rooms for junior and senior departments, swimming -pool and bowling alleys, and a photographic dark room. The -building proper cost $90,000, and with the connecting gymnasium and the land represents an investment of $125,000. As a result of a special effort early in 1906 the property is free from debt. Y. M. C. A. Building 75 feet on Pine street to 87 feet on the north. The front elevation is an American modiflcation of the French Renaissance style and -most attractive. The building is handsomely flnished, with a large reception room, reading and game rooms, and a sraall hall on the flrst floor. A pretty au-ditorium, with a seating ca pacity of 548, occupies -the east half of the second an-d third floors. This is called Rem ington Hall, in memory of Robert K. Rem ington, whose widow was a large donor to the touilding -fund. It contains -an excel lent portrait in oil of Mr. Remington. The west half of the second floor is given up to the boys' work, with comfortable and cosy quarters. The Association has the largest boys' department in the two States of -Mas- The Association now h-as 1,054 regular merabers and 232 contributing non-members, and is in a prosperous condition and doing an excellent work among the young raen of the city. Andrew J. Jennings is president, having succeeded Mr. Grant in 1893. The other officers are: Leonard N. Slade, vice- president; Charles D. Buffinton, treasurer; Ralph B. Smith, recording secretary. The secretaries have been: George M. Stowell, 1889-91; A. N. Lowe, 1891-96; W. D. Fellows, 1897-1905; D. M. Spen-ce, since 1905. Associated with Mr. Spence on the execu tive force are Ernest P. Oonlon, assistant secretary; William J. Davison, physical director; George L. Atwood, assistant phy sical director, and John H. Piper, boys' work director. 134 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER The Women's Union was started late in 1873, and on December 15 opened a room in the Troy Building, where working women might -come for eujoyment and assistance. Mrs. A. G. Hart was the first president. A sewing school was begun in 1879, and in 1883 the rooms over the Union mill offlce were offered and have since been used. Classes in millinery, dressmaking, coo-king, etc., have been successfully carried on. A day nursery was established December 27, 1880, but -discontinued -after two years. In 1887 the Union iw-as incorporated. The Work ing Girls' Club, which now has a mem-ber- ship of 200 and is the largest of its kind in the State, was 'formed in 1891, and has always been self-supporting. Up to 1893 the Pleasant street rooms were opened certain evenings dn each 'week — ^sinoe then they have been -open every wee-k day evening from October to June, four eve-nings being devoted to the Working Girls' Club and two to the Happy Girls' Club. October 14, 1896, the Home on Pine street was opened. These rooms were furnished by various societies and have -been kept under the supervision of a resident matron. The Industrial Exchange was opened De cember 1, 1896, and has bee-n self-supporting except that -the Union has provided rooms, rent free, in the Pine street home. In 1904 a lot of land on Rock -street, corner of Frank lin street, was presented to the Union, and upon this lot it is intended to erect a build ing suitable for its various needs, including a reading room and reception or waiting room, where any woman (from in town or out of town) m-ay find a convenient and comfortable resting place. A committee was appointed to devise means for raising the desired amount of $50,000, and circu lars were issued in October, 1905. During the next three months more than half that amount was pledged, and it is now -hoped that Pall River may soon see the Women's Union established in its own home. The Home for Aged People, -which now occupies -a handsome torick building on Highland avenue, providing a comfortable home for between 25 and 30 persons of ad vanced years, is the outgrowth of a move ment begun in 1891 by John D. Flint, John S. Brayton, Hon. Milton Reed, Mrs. Hannah Almy, Mrs. Charles Durfee, Mrs. David M. Anthony, Mrs. John H. Boone, Miss A. B. Wrlghtington, Mrs. Edward S. Adams and others. The old Leland house, on 'High street, was rented for the first home. The late Robert Adams gave a lot on Highland avenue as the site for a new building, and an active canvass for money to pay the cost of erecting a structure, aided by a gift of $15,000 from M. C. D. Borden, justifled the beginning of work in the latter part of Oc tober, 1896. The structure, which is of brick, 76V2 'by 37% feet, was completed at 'a cost of $41,000 and dedicated in March, 1898. Various individuals, churches and societies furnished the ibuilding, which has a com manding view, is flnished in whitewo-od and North Carolina pine and excellently arranged for its purpose. As a result of numerous legacies it now has invested funds amiount- ing to about $56,000. The present officers are: Presiqen-t, John D. Flint; Vice-Presi dents, -Milton Reed -and Mrs. D. M. Anthony; Secretary, Miss A. B. Wrightington; Treas urer, Bdward -S. Adams. The Boys' Club of Pall River was organ ized February 1, 1890. The first impulse for its formation came from Rev. John C. Col lins, re-presenting the Christian Workers' Association of New Haven. The late Rev. Ed-win A. Buck was -a prime mover in the organization. Local citizens took hold of the work with heart and soul, and from that time to the present interest and faith have never faltered and the club 'has steadily grown, until now it ranks with the highest in- efficiency, power and progress. The first home of the club was on Third street — one room, with a piano, a few tables and bench es, several mottoes on the wall, were its only adornment. A corner was railed off for a toilet roo-m, with -two tin -hand basins and a roller towel. A book case filled with books occupied another corner. This was the beginning, and yet the boys came, were happily entertained, and thought the two hours spent in the -room in the evening passed altogether too quickly. In less -than a year the club outgrew this home, and rooms in Vermont Block, Pocasset street, were procured and occupied. The present building was given by M. C. D. Borden, of New York, a native of Fall River, and was dedicated January 12, 1898. It has indeed been to the raembers -of the club -a true home dn every sense of the word, and the boys take -the greatest pride in keeping it without mar or disfiguration. Through the generosity of Mr. Borden the club has been able to extend its privileges to other organizations, and to young men who have long needed the influence of such a place, where they could spend their even- HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 135 ings. Mr. Borden -has watched the work grow with unabateid interest, and is at the present time enlarging the work by erecting and giving to the club another building, connecting in the rear and facing Pocasset street, which will be larger than the present structure and adapted in every department to the needs of these older boys. The old adage "Tall oaks from little acorns grow" is illustrated in the Boys' Club of Fall River. The exterior of both of these buildings is fire-flashed buff brick, with brown stone trim-mings. The one now occupied is 90 feet long, with a depth of 75 feet. On the groqnd fioor is a hall, with seating capacity of 500. A library, gymnasium, reading room and towards the club, and was always ready to sanction any plan that would lead to the formation of high principles and noble char acter dn -any of its members. The superintendent, Thomas Chew, -has been with the club since its formation, and it is owing largely to his -unremitting labors, zeal, forethought and tact that the club holds its .present position in the community and country. The club was incorporated in 1892. The present office^rs and directors of the club are: George A. Chace, president; John D. Flint vice-president; James W. Bence, treasurer; Harriet H. Brayton, secretary (the president,' vice-president and secretary Children's Home, corner Walnut and Robecon Streets office, all finished in oak. The second story -nas four class rooras. The third story is the home of the superintendent, with a large game room. I-n the basement are to -be found a swimming pool, bowling alleys and bathing facilities. The extension will be 141 feet long and have an average width -of 65 feet. The gym nasium will have an area of 9,000 square feet and be 22 feet -high, with no columns. Ihere will be 28 shower baths, a kitchen, dining room and many other special fea tures. The membership of the club is 1,800. The late Rev. Edwin A. Buck was the first president of the club, and retained the office untu his death, March 10, 1903 (thirteen years). Mr. Buck held a parental feeling were charter raembers) ; Richard J. Thomp son, M. D., Cornelius S. Greene, Mrs. E. H. B. Brow, Mrs. Jefferson Borden, Mrs. James Osborn. In 1896 George W. Dean gave to the club the Dean farm, in Freetown. Many of the raembers go there in summer for a two weeks' outing. With the superintendent to lead on, the club cannot but always be one of the bea con lights in the history of the city. The Childre-n's Home of Fall River, which now cares for about 80 -boys and girls, 59 in its building at the corner of Robeson and Walnut streets and 21 in private homes, and by its last annual report had sheltered 685 children since its foundation in April, 1873, was incorporated by act of the Legisla- J36 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER ture, allowing the FaU River Orphans' Asy lum and the Children's Friend Society to unite and constitute one corporation. Thomas J. Borden was the first presi dent, Thomas P. Eddy and Dr. J. L. Clarke vice-presidents, John C. Haddock secretary, and 'Samuel R. Buffinton treasurer. The board of managers was composed of promi nent and influential people who recognized the necessity of charitable work, and who were willing to -devote themselves to allevi ating distress and -misfortune in Fall River. A tract of land 300 feet square was pur chased, and a substantial frame building was erected at a cost of $10,018.26, and -dedi cated to its work on February 27, 1874. It was necessary to mortgage the prop erty, and for many years it was a struggle to meet -obligations. In 1882 'Simeon B. Chase and 'George H. Hawes felt that it was time that some ef fort should be made to liquidate the indebt edness so as to put the Horae on -a substan tial financial basis. 'Subscriptions were solicited -and nearly $12,000 was obtained, and all ,indebtedness cancelled. In 1883 John M. Bryan donated $1,000, which was the beginning of the permanent fund, now amounting to $83,377.52. The in come frora the investment of this fund pro vides ;mioney which pays about one-half the annual expenses. The rest of the money necessary to maintain the Horae is -derived from the board of some of t-he children, and from the annual contribultio-ns from the churches at Thanksgiving. The home was full all of the time, and it soon became ap parent that larger accommodations were necessary. At the -suggestion of Mrs. 'Sarah B. Chace, widow of Edraund Chace, steps were taken to interest the people of Fall River to furnish the means to -build a new brick building, which resulted in the erec tion of the present ihome building, dedicated May 20, 1895. This building cost $23,000, the greater part of whioh was generously given -by Mrs. Chace, who h-ad been a raem- \)eir of the original board of managers, and had always taken great interest in the wel fare of the Children's Home, and was con versant with its needs. Thomas J. B-orden, the flrst -president, was succeeded in October, 1874, by Thomas P. Eddy, who held the office of president until October, 1876, when Dr. James M. Aldrich was elected. 'Dr. Aldrich resigned in 1889 on account of failing health, and was suc ceeded by the present incumbent Nathaniel B. Borden. The present officers are as follows: Presi dent, Nathaniel B. Borden; Vice-Preside-nts, Robert T. Davis, Charles B. Cook, Oliver S. Hawes and Mrs. WUliam Beattie; Treasurer, Benjamin S. C. Gifford; Corresponding Sec retary, Miss Lydia H. Read; Recording Sec retary, Miss Ellen M. Shove. The Deaconess Home was founded large ly through the efforts and benefactions of John D. Flint, who, becoming impressed wdth -the value of the work, about 1888 em ployed Miss E-mm-a Ross as a city mission ary. Her reports were so encouraging that a meeting -of representatives of all the Meth odist Churches in the city was called Decem ber 21, 1892, -and 'the following year a cor poration was forraed. Mr. Flint gave $10,- 000 as an endowment, and in 1894 the Ben jamin Covel estate, on Second street, was purchased for the headquarters of the work. The Salvation Array, whose work now has the respect and assistance of all, was begun here -November 3, 1883, when Captain and Mrs. Hulmes came to this city to inaugurate it at the request of William Brooks, a local citizen iwho had been a raember of the -army before e-migrating -from England. The flrst quarters were in the old opera 'house in Court Square, where it remained 11 years, removing to the southeast corner -of Pleas ant and Third streets and subsequently to other roomiS, till in Noveraber, 1903, it occu pied its present citadel on Bedford street, w,hich had erected for its work. This is a brick building with a cora-modious hall on the first fioor, and on the second a dormi tory with 34 beds, shower baths and reading rooras. A salvage departraent has also -been es-tablished and a brass band of 22 pieces organized. The membership is now 125. The Young Men's Irish-American Catho lic Total Abstinence and Benevolent So ciety was formed January 28, 1872, as the result of the efforts of Patrick E. Foley, Dan iel Downing, Timothy Harrington and Frank O'Brien. Its first quarters were in the Con cert Hall 'building on Pleasant street, from which it removed to Mayhew Hall on -August 10. Carrolton Hall, the next home, was oc cupied from May, 1877 to 1895, when the Quinn, Woodland & Co. building, the D. D. SiUlivan building and St. John's HaU were occupied iwithin a few months. Work on the building on Anawan street, now occu pied by the society, was begun July 31, 1895, and 'the structure -dedicated January HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J3? 27, 1890. It 'is -of red brick, with buff brick and terra -cotta trimmings finished in North Carolina pine, with library, smoking and lounging rooms and a hall 01 feet square. Its cost, with furniture, was $24,072. The Irish- American Guards and a drum corps were or ganized in 1889, 'and an auxiliary, the Wern er's Catholic Associates, in 1892. F. A. O'Brien was the first president, and among his early successors were Marcus Leonard, Patrick E. Foley, Thomas P. Cunneen, P. M. McGlynn, P. H. Baldwin, Edward P. Murphy, Augustus P. Gorman, John H. Carroll, James P. -Manning, Michael H. Connelly, Thomas Donohue, John Casey and Daniel J. Harrington. The present officers (AprU, 1906) are: President, James Pagan; V.'ce- President, Thomas Fitzpatrick; Recording Secretary, Frank L. Coyle; Corresponding Secretary, Thomas Geary; Treasurer, Ber nard F. Doherty; Flnanoial Secretary, James M. Manning; Assistant, John H. Mu-rphy. The membership is 510. The. Masonic societies are represented by Mount Hope Lodge,, instituted December 8, 1824; -Narragansett and King Philip Lodges, Fall River Royal Arch Chapter, Fall River - CouncU of Royal and Select Masters, God frey De Bouillon Commandery of Knights re-mplar and the Purple Consulate. The order is making great -advances in member- ship and has a comfortable hall on Frank lin street. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows has, four lodges— Mount Hope, dating from March 5, 1845; Friendly Union, from Sep tember 5, 1873; Loyal Unity, from June 4, 1881, and Fall River, from December 1, 1892. Metacomet Encampment was instituted in 1847. These are supplemented by Canton Beard, Patriarchs Militant, Loyal Puritan a.nd Olive Branch lod,ges, Manchester Unity, the United Sisters, I. O. O. L., M. U., and Hiawatha land -Minnehaha lodges," D. of R. The Knights of Pythias have seven lodges — Mount Vernon, Anawan, Puritan, Lafay- ¦ebte, Pocasset, Star 'and Excelsior— and two sections of endowment rank. The Rathbone Sisters have two temples— Damon and Rath bone. The English are weU represented in the four lodges of the Sons of St. George- Livingstone, U. S. Grant, Bonnie Red -Rose and Cromwell— and the Uniformed' Rank, -Napier Commandery. The Daughters' of St. George have two lodges — Britannia and Primrose. ' The Foresters have a large representa tion 'here in courts We'll Try, Littlejohn, Good Samaritan, Progress, Benevolence, On- W'ard, Victory, Roch-amibeau; Court Lady of Victory, of the Massachusetts Catholic Order of Foresters; Courts Work and Win, Robin Hood, and a juvendle court of the Ancient Order of Foresters, and Courts 'Sau val, Notre Dame anid St. Ann ot the Catholic order. There is also an organization of. the Oom-panions of the Forest The Ancient Order of Hibernians have five divisions, known as Nos. 1, 6, 11, 14 and 16. In addition to these many others could be named, including Pocasset Council ef the Royal Arcanum and its ladies' auxiliary; the Weetamoe Chapter of the Order of the Eastern Star; Pall River Commandery of the United Order of the Golden -Star; Har mony Lodge, Order of Brith Abraham; Mount Hope, Puritan -and Volunteer Colo nies of -the United -Order of the Pilgrim Fathers; Troy, Fall River -and Priscilla lodges of the New England Order of Protec- . tion; Pall 'River and Quequechan Conclaves of the Improved Order of Hept-asophs, and Pilgrim and Plymouth lodges of the United Workmen. From the close of the Civil War untU 1876 Pall River had two companies of militia, known as B an-d D, of the Third Regiment, , -but they were -disbanded in the reorganiza tion of the militia in that year. In Novem ber, 1878, a petition for a new company was circulated and granted by the Governor. On . November 29 an -order was issued for Sierra L. Braley to recruit a company to be at tached to the Pi;rst Regiment, M. V. M., and known as Company M. The rolls were opened Deceraber 5 and sent to Boston the - following day with 57 names. This was the • beginning of what was afterward known ,is Battery fM, and now as the Twelfth Com- ' pany. Corps of Coast Artillery, M. V. M. The company was mustered in December 12, and on Decem'ber 17 elected Sierra L. Braley captain, V. O. Sayward flrst lieuten ant and Charles E. Tetlow second Ideuten- aht Arms were received in April, and on ¦ May 30, the mew organization made its flrst ¦ public appearance, as escort to Post 40, 'G. -A. R. 'Since then' it has taken part in all • tours of ' d-iity performed by the regiment. It atte'nded thei funeral of General Grant in ¦1885,' the Philadelphia celebration in 1887, the' 250.th anniversary of the settlement of -Providence in' 1880, the -McKinley inaugural - parade in 1901, and was stationed at Fort 138 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER Greble during -the joint army and navy manoeuvres in 1902. It has an enviable rec ord for efficiency, discipline and attendance at drUls. On the 25th of April, 189S, the 'day war was declared with Spain, Captain Braley re ceived orders to "assemble his comraand and await further orders." In one hour the men were assembled, 'had answered the roll- call and were armed and equipped to answer the call of the President. Early the next day it was on its way to Fort Warren, where it w-as mustered into the United States ser vice for two years, on May 9, a part ot the flrst volunteer regiment in the country to be mustered in. It served there under Major James A. Frye until September 19, when it went to South Framingham to be mustered out. A furlough was granted Octo ber 5, and the federal duty ended November 14. By act of the Legislature the regiment to which the company belonged was changed to the Heavy Artillery June 1, 1897, and Company M became Battery M. In accord ance with the statutes of 1905 it assumed its present title November 1, 1905. Captain Braley resigned January 1, 1899, and on February 14 was succeeded by Cap tain David Fuller, the present commanding officer. Wdlliam .J. Meek is flrst lieutenant, and Harry W. Skinner second lieutenant. Others than those named iwho have been lieutenants are James P. Jackson, Charles B. Woodman, John D. Munroe, Horace E. Whitney, Walter F. Borden- and Fred W. Harrison. Company F, Naval Brigade, was formed Septeraber 30, 1892, under General Orders N-o. 15, of Septem'ber 26, in accordance with an act 'of the legislature allowing the form ing of four cora'panies as the Second Bat talion. Co-m'panies were also formed at the same time in Pall River, New Bedford and Lynn. John D. Munroe was the flrst lieu tenant chief -of company, with Nathan Dur fee and William B. Edgar lieutenants, junior grade, and Richard P. Borden and W. C. Wetherell, ensigns. Mr. Munroe retired December 11, 1894, with the rank of lieuten ant commander. He was succeeded by WU liam 'B. Edgar, who served till his resig nation December 24, 1897. George R. H. Buffinton, Mr. Edgar's successor, was elected lieutenant commander and was fol lowed by William H. Beattie June 4, 1900, and by Milton I. Deane March 35, 1904. The latter resigned December 4, 1905, -to become paymaster on the staff, and since then John T. Nelson, lieutenan-t junior grade, has been acting chief of company, with John AI. Young, Jr., ensign. Corapany I was formed as a reserve com pany M-ay 25, 1898, at the outbreak of the war with Spain, and was one of four co-m- panies organized at this time. William B. Edgar, who headed the petition for the com pany, was elected lieutenant, chief of com pany, with Richard P. Borden lieutenant, junior grade, and George W. Palmer ensign. Mr. Edgar resigned November 3, 1899, and was succeeded by Richard P. Borden till February 8, 1904, and by William M. Old- ing till November 11, 1904. Since then the com-pany has been in charge of Minor W. Wilcox, lieutenant, junior grade. Charles A. MacDonald is ensign. Company I as a whole was not called into active service during the war with 'Spain, but the m-en of Company F served on the Lehigh and Prairie, an-d in some -cases were detached for duty on other vessels. The Signal Corps was also called out. T-he Prairie detachment, which num-bered a'bout 30 -men, were a part of -the flrst detail of the naval brigade to respond to the Pres ident's call for men, and reported at the Bro-oklyn 'Navy Yard at 9 o'clock Sunday morning, April 24, 1898, in response to an order from Theodore Roosevelt, then As sistant Secretary of the Navy, the day be fore, received here on the afternoon of the 23, and now preserved at headquarters. 'The Prairie served flrst on patrol duty, and about July 1 was transferred to Cuban and Porto Ricoan waters, where it went on the blockade. One -member of the company, Lynwood Prench, died of disease during the conflict. The Lehigh was attacbed to the Northern Atlantic patrol fleet. Headquarters and the Signal Corps were brought here on the election of Mr. Buffin ton as lieutenant commander, in 1900. THE GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC. Richard Borden Post No. 46, G. A. R., was organized January 22, 1868, and reached its greatest membership — 494 — ^in 1895. This has now fallen to 210. The list of past com'manders includes Frank McGraw, John H. Abbott, Joseph Harrison, John M. Deane and Araos M. Jackson.. The officers for 1906 -are: Commander, John Gilbert; -Senior Vice Commander, Joseph Bowers; Junior Vice Commander, HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J39 George Hanson; Adjutant, P. H. Ch-annell; Quartermaster, Edward Hague; Officer of Day, Gilbert Arnold; Officer of Guard, James Holehouse; Chaplain, Albert S. Palmer; Surgeon, Charles M. S. Gerry; Sergeant Major, Robert Fielden; Quarter master Sergeant, William McLane. T-he present -handsome armory, of Fall River granite, was completed in 1897. It contains on the flrst floor rooms for the 'Twelfth Company, and another when needed, as well as -a drill hall, 150x75. The quarters of Companies F and I, Naval Bri gade, are -on ithe second floor, rooms for two others on the third, and a gymnasium on the fourth. Land owned by the city on the south side of Pine street, opposite Rug gles Park, was flrst selected as the site for the structure, but abandoned in deference to the general desire. Prior to the erection of the armory the militia was quartered in a frame building on Bedford street, and later on the upper floor of -the Central En gine House. Another building on the cor ner of Fourth and Pleasant streets was rented for Company F. FaU River has had its share of labor troubles, some of them extended and a severe blow to the welfare of the -communi ty. Since the 1879 strike, however, they have been notable for the orderly behavior of those on strike, even under trying con ditions, a fact of which all have been proud, tbe sympathizers with the -mill owners no less than those Who sided with the opera tives. The flrst serious trouble began in July, 1870, when the spinners struck in protest against a reduction. By August 24 some of the men had returned to work, and on that day a 'large crowd gathered at the Dur fee Mills. The police felt unable to handle the situation and the flre department was called on to disperse the crowd with its hose. The two local railitary companies were called to their armory and two others brought -here from Taunton, -but were not sent out. The strike, which had lasted just two months, ended September 15, when the spinners returned to work at the reduction. The "Great Vacation" began early in August, 1875, In the decision of the opera tives to take four weeks' rest, believing that a curtailment was a better remedy for the situation than the cut in W'ages proposed. At the end of that time the manufacturers decided on another vacation of equal length. George Gunton was prominent in the labor meetings -at this time. The mills started up on September 27, but required the op eratives to sign an agreeraent not to belong to any labor organization. One clause was misunderstood and led to a demonstration near the city hall and the calling out of flve companies of militia, 'two from this city, two from Taunton and one from New Bed ford, who remained here untU Saturday. The strike of 1879 on the part of the spinn-ers for an advance of 15 per -cent is still remembered for its bitter spirit, en gendered largely 'by the bringing of strike breakers here, to be quartered on the prop erty of the corporations. It was raarked by occasional violence, and lasted from June 15 to October 26, and was unsuccessful. Mr. Gunton was again prominent in labor meetings. In 1884 occurred the "ten-mills' strike" against a reduction, which lasted eighteen weeks, and was also unsuccessful. It be gan early in Pebruary and affected the two Border City Mills, the Sagamore No. 1, the three Union Mills, the Wampanoag No. 1, Tecumseh No. 1, Slade and Chace. These were assisted flnancially by the other mills during the strike, -and the idle operatives received aid from those at work. The strike of 1894 was against a reduc tion, -and 'began as 'a "vacation" -of the operatives August 24. The spinners later declared a strike, and returned to work October 15 on -a compromise, by which their wages were cut only 5 per cent, instead of the 10 of the others. This (was to be restored if the margin was 85 cents for the next sixty days. Many of the weavers re mained out till October 30, when they ac cepted the reduction. The strike of 1904 was the longest -and most disastrous in the city's history and fol lowed the -announcement of -a 12% per cent. reduction of wages, the second within a year, to which were added a feeling of re- sentraent at what was regarded as high handed action on the part of the manufac turers -and the opposition of the weavers to being asked to run more looms. In the vote of the unions on the strike question, July 21, three — the weavers, loom flxers and slasher tenders — were recorded in favor of suspending work, -and the carders and spin ners also showed a majority in favor of this course, though they were counted in oppo sition because they did not have the neces sary two-thirds vote. The textile council J40 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER had recommended acceptance -of the reduc tion, but as three of the flve unions favored a strike it had no course -but to order one, which went into effect iVIonday, July 25. The strike was carried on till the 2eth week, when, on January 18, at a conference toefore Governor Douglas at Boston, the labor lead ers agreed to an immediate return to work at the reduction, with the condition that the Governor should iitvestigate the situa tion an-d report a -margin on which a flve per cent dividend should be paid on wages earned. The operatives returned to work the following day, and on January 21 a re duction w-as announced in the Fall River Iron Works, which had been kept running at the full scale throughout the strike. The strike is estimated to have cost the opera tives $4,500,000 dn wages lost. About $200,- 000 was paid out in beneflts by the unions, including $26,500 to non-unionists. The overseers -of the poor were rushed with ap plicants, and considera'ble sums were sent nere fro-m outside for the aid of the strikers. Several thousand persons removed from the city and the merchants lost heavily by the decline of trade. Various fruitless confer ences were held during the struggle. At one held November 5 it was agreed that the books of the corporations should be in spected by a committee -of flve, consisting of two labor men, two m-anufacturers and a fifth man to be selected by -these four, to verify the -assertions of losses. The textile council approved this, with the addition that the reduction notices be taken down and the help allowed to return at the old scale pend ing a settlement. This was refused by the -manufactulrers, an-d the matter -dro-pped. At a conference December 4 the labor lead ers proposed a reduction of 6% per 'C,ent. for tht-ee 'months, when another conference was to be held. The manufacturers refused, and on December 30 the unions voted on the continuance of the strike. Little change in the sentiment was shown from July. The mills were opened November 14 and ran with varying success till the strike was declared off in January. The entire strug- . gle was marked by notable good order. A strike -had been averted March 17, 1902, after all the unions had voted to go out, only 'by the granting of the advance asked, to take effect May 7. -t The prices paid for weaving, on which the, wages of all 'operatives are based, have been changed in recent years on the following dates: February 4, 1884, 18.50 cents; Janu ary 18, 1885, 16.50; M'arch 1, 1886, 18.50- B^obruary 13, 1888, 19; July 1, 1892, 19.6; De cember 5, 1892, 21; September 1], 1893, 18; August 30, 1894, 10; AprU 22, 1895, 18; January 1, 1898, 16; February 27, 1899, 18; December 11, 1899, 19.80; May 7, ];- 21.78; November 23, 1903, 19.80; July 25, 1904, 17.33; October 23, 1905, 18, and a ddvddeind based on the -margin; July 2, 1900, 19.80. The proflt -sharing system went into effect October 23, 1905, -after a conference of -man ufacturers and labor secretaries. It was based o-n an amended form of what was a fair margin for -manufacturers reported hy Gov. Douglas after an investigation follow ing the strike in 1904. It was announced following the request of the o-peratives for higher wages, and after granting an in crease to a basis of 18 cents -a cut for weav ing allowed for a weekly dividend to the 'help of one per -cent on their -wa^es for every cent of margin over 72% cents- until the margin reached 85, 'when one-half of one per cent, was given for every cent of Increase. The margin was flgured daily on the difference between -New York quotations for 8 pounds of middling upland cotton and the -average selling price of 45 yards 28-inch 64x64s and 33.11 yards 38y2-inch 64x64s. No dhange w-as to be raade in the minimum be fore October 1, 1906. The dividends 'paitl ranged from zero to ten per cent. It was abandoned on the advance granted July 2, 1906. The Mule Spinners' Association has for many years been a conservative and 'power ful organization, numbering in its ranks every spinner in the city and possessed of flnances that have allowed it to care for its members through -thick and thin. It was estab'lis'hed in .J'anuary, 1858, chiefly -by men who had come here from Lancashire, Eng land, where they had seen the benefits of united effort. Patrick Carroll was its flrst president and John McKeowen secretary. It at once began an -agitation for more w-ages, one-third of whioh was granted and the re- m'ainder obtained prior to the outbreak of the 'Civil W-ar. -During that co-nfl-ict most of its -me-mbers shouldered the mus'ket, and t-he books, iwhich -had been closed in 1861, were not re-opened untU 1866. In 1870 they asked for an -advance of 10 per cent in wages. The m-anufacturers offered to com promise on flve per cent., but this was refused, and a nine weeks' struggle followed, ending in defeat for the spinners. This was HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J4I. a severe blow, as hours of labor were in creased, wages reduced -and the -backbone of the union broken. Their efforts were tnen devoted to securing the passage -of the ten-hour law, which they saw put on the statute books in 1874. In February, 1875, three land then six mills were strucli for an advance in wages, leading to negotiations with the manufacturers and the resump tion of 'w-ork on the promise of an advance April 1. An agitation for weekly instead of monthly payments -was also begun. What is known as "The Great Vacation" commenced August 1, 1875, foUowing -an an nouncement of a reduction in wages. The operatives, -believing a curtailment was a better remedy for the situation, -determined to take la month's vacation. At the end of that period the mills gave thera another m'onfch, -and on the ninth week the help were obliged to submit and to sign a document, promising, among other things, not to be long to any trade associations in the future. All the other labor organizations but the spinners went to pieces. Three more re ductions in wages and a disastrous strike at the 'Granite mills led to desertions, and it was only by the most strenuous efforts that the union, the only organizatio-n of textile workers in New England at the time, was kept alive. In June, 1878, Robert Howard was elected secretary, and the as sociation soon 'began to increase in member ship and -funds. Early in 1879 conditions of 'business had so improved that a restoration of part of the -wages lost was asked, 'but refused, and after fruitless negotiations a strike was or dered June 15, which continued until Octo ber 26, with -considerable bittern-ess. It was lost for want of -money to carry it on. In January, 1880, an increase was given, and the agitation for weekly payments car ried on with the result that by April, 19 of the 53 mills m-ade the desired change. In 1885, through the efforts of Mr. Howard, a 60-hour law passed the Legislature and went into effect January 1, 1886. In 1884 had occurred the ten-mills strike -against a ve- duction, w-hich, -after IS weeks, ended in de feat, and in 1886 the spinners were formally recognized 'by the -manufacturers. The organization reached its largest me-mbershiip in 1885, with a total of 750, which 'has since fallen to about 400, owing to the -substitution of frarae for mule spin ning in many mills. Secretary Howard, who had been elected a member of the Legisla ture In 1880, was elected to the Senate in 1885 and served consecutively until 1893. He resigned his position with the union in 1897, and was succeeded in Jujy of that year by Thomas O'Donnell, the present sec retary, who had 'been treasurer since 1885. The present weavers' union, formed Feb ruary 27, 1888, is the successor of various organizations of weavers more or less -short lived. Its name was at flrst the Weavers' Protective Association and was changed to the Weavers' Progressive Assoiciation when it was united with the Am-algamated Asso ciation in 1889. The flrst hall was in the Pocasset block, and it occupied various quarters till the completion of its hand some building on 'Second street, , erected in 1904.- This is a four-story structure, cost ing $47,000, with stores o-n the flrst floor and offices and halls above, the larger with a seating capacity of 839. Patrick J. Con nelly, the first secretary, served until AprU, 1891, When he was succeeded by James Whitehead, the present secretary, who had formerly 'been treasurer and president. Wil liam Granton is now president, and John T. Riley treasurer. The union has a member ship of raore than 3,000. About thirty-flve years ago Pall River had two or three families of Jews, who -came here from the German-speaking portions of Europe. About thirty years-.ago there were two or three famiUes of Russian and Polish Jews. In 1880 -the number increased to about a dozen farailies. Not until 1891 did the numbers increase to any extent. That year the terrible persecutions by the Russian government drove the Jews to emi grate to all parts of the world. Many of them -found their way here. Prom that day to this there has been a gradual increase in the Jewish population of FaU River, so that to-day they number -about 3,000. They are settled in groups. Most of them are found in the centre of the city. There is a large number of the Jews in the eastern portion of the city, large enough to main tain la synagogue for themselves. All told there are three synagogues owned by the congregations — one on Pearl street, one on Union street -and one on Quarry street. The majority of the Jews are engaged in business on their own account, as hawkers or storekeepers. 'Several of thera -own stores of considerable size. The rest of the population are -clerks or mill workers. Those 142 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER occupied in the mills are toy no means con tent, 'and the first opportunity they get they go into business. There 'are no wealthy Jews in Fall River. A few are well fixed. More are moderately well off, 'but the biggest portion of thera are not far removed from a hand-to-mouth existence. There is only a very inconsid erable number that cannot take care of themselves, -and these are -provided for by the two Jewish women's societies that have existed for several years. Besides these societies there are twelve lodges, -and the Beaconsfield Club (recently organized), which are ready to -alleviate the sufferings of their people. CHAPTER XVII STATISTICS City Officers from 1854 to 1906 APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1906. Estimated Departments. Direct Taxation. 1,600.00 3,000.001,700.00 9,000.00 Janitors, school houses. Law Department Mayor's Depalrtment. . . Meraorial Day Military aid 40,000.00 2,500.00 150.00400.00244.00 Dept. Revenue. Assessing Department, General Expenses.. Assessing department, salaries and clerical assistance 9,400.00 Auditing department, general expenses 1,150.00 Auditing department, salaries and clerical assistance 4,200.00 Burials, indigent soldiers and sailors 35.00 Oare of trees in public ways 400.00 City Clerk depart'ment, general expenses. . . 2,850.00 City Clerk department, salaries and clerical assistance 6,674.00 City debt 18,500.00 City Hall, general expenses 10,000.00 City Hall, salaries 4,980.00 City officers 14,000.00 Collecting Department, general expenses . . . 1,800.00 Collecting Departraent, salaries and -clerical assistance 4,500.00 Collection of garbage 12,000.00 Contingent 3,642.80 Elections Engineering Department, general expenses. Engineer-ing Department, salaries and cleri cal assistance Evening schools 12,000.00 Pire alarm 3,800.00 Fire Departmen't, current expenses 21,500.00 Fire Department, -hose 1,500.00 Pire De'partment, salaries 113,500.00 Firemen's Memorial Day 150.00 Fuel, school houses 13,000.00 Health, -agents, etc 4,979.00 Health, current expenses 2,500.00 Health, current expenses, unpaid bills, 1905. 3,714.45 Highways 67,500.00 Highways, granolithic -sidewalks Interest 176,000.00 315.00 500.00 500.00 12,500.00 2,500.00 256.00 Estimated Ge-neral Revenue. Total. 1,600.00 9,400.00 1,150.0D 4,200.00 350.00 400.00 2,850.00 6,674.00 18,500.00 1,000.00 11,000.00 4,980.00 5,725.00 19,725.00 1,800.00 4,500.00 12,000.00 6,394.92 10,037.72 1,500.00 4,500.00 1,700.00 9,000.00 1,000.00 13,000.00 3,800.00 22,000.00 1,500.00 4,000.00 117,500.00 150.00 5,000.00 18,000.00 4,979.00 3,000.00 3,714.45 80,000.00 2,500.00 176,000.00 40,000.00 2,500.00 150.00 300.00 300.00 700.00 500.00 144 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER Departments. New trees in 'public ways North burial ground Oak Grove Cemetery Oak Grove Cemetery, retaining wall P-auper Police Putolic Library Public parks, maintenance Public parks, salaries Public schools, general expenses Public -schools, salaries Relief of -soldiers and sailors Repairs on public 'buildings Repairs on public buUdings, insurance on boilers Rifie range Sinking fitn-d, citj- debt Sinking fund, water debt Street awards (Jo-nes street) Street lights Street lights, installa-tion of Boulevard gas lamps .•' Textile school Treasury Department, general expenses Treasury Department, salaries and clerical assistance Watuppa -payment -account Estimated Estimated [ Direct Dept. General Taxation. Revenue. Revenue. Total. 100.00 100.00 3,600.00 1,400.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 13,000.00 18,000.00 2,000.00 2,000.00 41,000.00 8,000.00 51,000.00 100,000.00 76,000.00 8,500.00 03,500.00 148,000.00 15,569.92 5,430.08 21,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 10,000.00 10,000.00 13,500.00 6,500.00 1,000.00 21,000.00 196,000.00 50,000.00 246,000.00 9,000.00 4,000.00 13,000.00 26,000.00 1,500.00 27,500.00 300.00 300.00 500.00 500.00 208,745.83 208,745.83 37,835.00 37,835.00 2,500.00 2,500.00 99,450.00 50.00 99,500.00 3,00-0.00 3,000.00 5,000.00 5,000.00 600.00 600.00 4,400.00 4,400.00 7,000.00 7,000.00 ±,344,970.00 55,521.00 200,000.00 1,600,491.00 Provided for by loans: Highways, $100,000.00; highways, curbing, $25-,000.00; high ways, granolithic, sidewalks, $5,000.00; paving, $25,000.00; street awards (Pocasset street), $5,000.00; sewers, construction, $60,000.00. VOTES FOR (VJAVOR. Below are -given the votes for Mayor at tion of the -city in 1854 to 1904. The first since 1860 they have oocurred in Deceraber: 1854 James Buftlnton 796 Foster H. Hooper 387 1855 James Buffinton 757 1856 Bdward P. Buffinton 570 Nathaniel B. Borden 82 1 857 Nathaniel B. Borden 650 Edward P. Buffinton 532 1858 Josiah C. BlaisdeU 688 Nathaniel B. Borden 580 1859 .losiah C. BlaisdeU 702 Recount 942 Chester W. Greene 698 Recoimt 802 1800 (March) Edward P. Buffinton, no opposi tion. the raundcipal elections from the incorpora- seven electiO'US were held in March, but 1800 (December) Edward P. Bufflnton 1033 W'alter C. Durfee ' 438 1861 Edward P. Bufflnton 501 1862 Ed-ward P. Buffinton 100:l Leander Borden 683 1SG3 Bdward P. Bufflnton 967 EUhu Grant 554 1864 Edward P. Buffinton 797 Chester W. Greene 773 1865 Edw-ard P. Buffinton 1209 S. Angler Chace 1177 1S66 George O. Fairbanks 1096 Robert Adams 626 1867 George O. Fairbanks 1175 Chester W. Greene 1136 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 145 1868 Samuel M. Brown 1264 Southard H. Miller 1036 1869 Sam-uel M. Brown 1487 Edward P. Buffinton 866 1870 Samuel M. Brown 1375 Abraham G. Hart 801 1871 Sarauel M. Brown 1381 Isaac Smith, Jr 588 1872 Robert T. Davis 1992 1873 James P. Davenport 1838 John S. Brayton 1313 1874 James P. Davenport 2213 Louis Lapham 1588 1875 James P. Davenport 1952 Louis Lapham 1666 1876 James P. D-avenport 2217 Louis Lapham 1988 1877 Crawford E. Lindsey 2632 j-jouis Lapham 2356 1878 Crawford B. Lindsey 4247 Louis Lapham 227 1879 William S. Greene 2990 Jerem'iah R. Leary 2481 1880 WiUiam S. Greene 3459 1881 Henry K. Braley 3043 MUton Reed 2395 1882 Henry K. Braley 3188 Mil-ton Reed 2747 1883 Milton Reed 5377 Michael Tootle 3123 1884 John W. Cummings 3440 Henry J. Langley 3340 1885 William S. Greene 3721 John W. Cum-mings 3554 1880 John W. Cummings 3825 WUliam S. Greene 3564 1887 John W. Cummings 4535 William S. Grene 4339 1888 James P. Jackson 4441 John W. Ooughl'ln 4079 1889 James P. Jackson 4172 John W. CoughUn 4071 1890 John W. Coughlin 4563 WiUiam J. Wiley 3755 1891 John W. Coughlin 4760 John H. Abbott 3842 .892. John W. Coughlin 5550 Philip H. Borden 4678 1891 John W. Coughlin 47^60 William S. Greene 5581 1894 WiUiam S. Greene 5075 Augustus P. Gorman 4276 J. Dwight Brady 1284 1895 WiUiam S. Greene 5271 CorneUus C. Murphy, Jr...N 3839 1890 WilUam S. Greene 6794 WdUiam B. Quirk 3673 ] 897 Amos M. Jackson 6199 James Hoar 5630 1898 Amos M. Jackson 5667 John S. B. Clarke 5595 1899 John H. Abbott 6100 John S. B. Clarke 5782 1900 John H. Abbott 6414 James E. Holland 5656 1901 George Grime 7460 Michael B. Jones 2407 1902 George Grime 6735 Mdchael 'Sweeney 5888 1904 John T. Coughlin 5764 George Grime 5007 Year. 1854 18551860 1865 187018721873 18741875 1876 18771878 1879188018811882 118318841885 Valuation. $8,939,215 9,768,420 11,522,65012,134,99026,612,214 37,841,294 47,416,246 50,019,572 51,401,467 48,920,485 45,658,12740,936,55637,001,790 37,706,49539,650,761 41,90-0,47544,073,662 44,286,1677 43,820,005 VALUATION Tax Rate. $5.80 5.60 7.40 16.5015.3012.00 13.0012.80 14.50 15.20 15.5017.5018.00 18.00 19.00 18.80 18.40 18.80 18.80 , TAX RAT To-tal Tax. $56,523.70 59,425.15 90,124.61 209,272!.2O 374,753.22454,095.53 616,411.20 640,250.53 745,32L27743,591.37 707,700.97716,389.73666,03-2.22 678,716.91 . 753,364.46 787,728.93 810,955.38832,589.52 823,816.09 E AND 18861887 1888 1889 189018911892 189318941895 1896189718981899 190019011902 19031904 1905 TOTAL 43,757,065 44,231,1414 6,504,585 49,841,691 53,473,183 54,281,93056,065,920 6-0,534,005 63,638,5636-5,238,17869,286,496 71,292,363 70,941,28671,642,320 73,511,61474,554,38075,394,29777,575,60180,998,349 81,754,247 TAX. 18.80 18.4017.4017.80 16.40 17.2017.40 17.40 16.8017.20 17.00 17.20 17.8017.8018.2018.20 18.2018.60 18.60 18.80 822 813^ 809887876 933:975 1,053 1,069, 1,122 1,177, 1,226, 1,262, 1,275, 1,337:1,356: 1,372, 1,442, 1,506. 1,593, ,632.82 852.99 ,179.78,182.10,960.20 ,649.19,547.00,291.69 127,86 ,096.66 ,870.43 228.65 754.89 233.30 ,911.37 ,889.72 176.21 907.29 569.29 523.81 146 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER STATEMENT SHOWING THE NET DEBT. From Feb. 1 February 1, 1870, to January 1, 1906. Municipal Year. Del:t. 1870 1871 1872 1873 $557,895.01 1874 978,211.44 Jan. 1 1875 1,434,478.58 1876 1,518,031.14 1877 1,479,095.44 1878 1,576,070.32 1879 1,549,912.78 1880 1,487,611.08 j881 1,436,311.68 1882 1,363,427.53 1883 1,287,896.42 1884 1,241,177.28 1885 1,161,367.47 Water Debt. $300,000.00 505,000.00 950, 1,445, 1,639,1,564,1,620, 1,657, 1,648, 1,632, 1,622, 1,610, 1,593, 247.23 232.33862.33 768.72 881.53963.32 475.35 226.45 265.25 575.81505,49 Total. $338,589.42 306,328.77 387,784.71857,895.01 1,483,211.44 2,384: 2,963:3,118:3,140:3,170:3,145:3,084: 2,995,2,910,2,851,2,754, 725.81 263.47 957.77 839.04 794.31 574.40 787.03653.98161.67753.09872.96 1886 1887188818891890 18911892189318941895 1896189718981899190019011902190319041905 1906 1,176,018.241,087,553.47 1,031,280.36 969,742.52959,693.38 1,115,796.04 1,070,228.65 1,377,736.75 1,501,818.96 L543,761.25 1,734,768.911,894,177.88 2,105,970.12 2,219,373.46 2,317,402.74 2,374,781.94 2,414,915.38 2,500,545.38 2,512,774.332,819,329.582,812,304.21 1,576,123.481,549,328.881,519,491.891,507,563.28L490,854.10 1,476,897.701,455,848.75 1,422,757.10 L464,097.48 1,447,323.52 1,465,130.93 1,443,413.881,421,252.55L400,408.30 1,371,031.441,338,352.22 1,304,351.86 1,359,308.331,311,330.71L132,368.55 1,061,455.58 2,752,141.72 2,636,882.352,550,772.252,477,305.802,450,547.482,592,693.74 2,526,077.402,800,493.85 2,965,916.442,991,084.773,199,899.843,337,591.763,527,222.67 3,619,78L7-63,688,434.183,713,134.163,719,267.243,859,853.713,824,105.043,951,098.13 3,873,759.79 POPULATION. Year. 1810 1,296 1820 1,594 1830 4,159 1840 6,738 1845 10,290 1850 11,170 1855 12,680 1860 13,240 1865 17,525 1870 27,191 1871 28,291 1872 34,835 Year.1873 38,464 1874 43,289 1875 45,160 1870 44,356 1877 45,113 1878 48,494 1879 46,909 1880 47,883 1881 49,049 1882 50,487 1883 52,558 1884 54,001 Year. 1885 56,863 1886 59,021 1887 63,961 1888 63,715 1889 68,774 1890 74,918 1891 77,329 1892 83,020 1893 87,773 1894 89,576 1895 89,203 1896 97,318 Year. 1897 101,106 1898 97,517 1899 102,281 1900 104,863 1901 107,831 1902 108,728 1903 113,602 1904 113,045 1905 106,620 1906 107,903 *Estimated. CITY OFFICERS PROM 1854 to 1906. MAYORS. Abbott, John H 1900-01 BlaisdeU, Josiah C 1858-59 Borden, Nathaniel B ' 1857 Braley, Henry K 1882-83 Brown, Samuel M 1869-72 Buffinton, Bdward P 1855-56, 1860-66 Bufflnton, James 1854-55 Coughlin, John T 1905-06 Coughlin, John W 1891-94 Cummings, John W 1885, 1887-88 Davenport, James F 1874-77 Davis, Robert T 1873 E-alrbanks, George O 1867-68 Greene, WilUam S 1880-81, 1886, 1895-97 Grime, George 1902-04 Henry, Robert 1881 Jackson, Amos M 1898-99 Jackson, James F 1889-90 Lindsey, Crawrford E 1878-79 Reed, Milton 1884 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J47 PRESIDENTS OF THE BOARD OP ALDERMEN. Abbott John H 1897 Bassett Rufus W 1891 92— HISTORY OF FALL RIVER ! ! ! Beattie, John, Jr 1892-94 Boomer, Charles H 1890 Borden, Philip H 1878 Brown, Charles E 1901-02 (..ote, Edmund 1900 Davenport, James P 1880-81 Bddy, Thomas P 1882-83 Hartley, Alfred H 1898 Holmes, Charles J 1889 Langley, Henry J 1884 Lawson, Frederick W 1903-04 McCreery, Joseph 1879 Sinclair, James 1905-06 West-all, John 1899 WUey, George T 1895-96 Wiley, William J 1885-88 ALDERMEN. Abbe, Alanso-n J 1903-00 Abbott John H 1896-97 Adams, Robert 1857 Albert James B 1880-81, 1884, 1898 Almy, Frank S 1905-06 Andrew, John 1891 Ashley, Job B 1861-62 Bagshaw, James T 1903-06 Baker, Charies E 1897-98 Ballard, Alvan S 1854 Bannister, Wilson 1889 Bannister, Wilson E 1900-04 Barker, Warren S 1891-93, 1899 Barlow, James 1890 Barrett Edward 1876 Bassett, Rufus W 1890-91 Beattie, John, Jr 1879, 1892-94 Blaisdell, John G 1894 Boomer, Charles H 1889-90 B-ooth, WiUiam 1906 Borden, Cook 1865 Borden, Joseph 1862-63 Bordon, Leander 1866 Borden, Major 1855 Borden, Nathaniel B., Sr 1859-65 Borden, Philip D 1864-65 Borden, Philip H 1875, 1878-79 Borden, Simeon 1866-73 Borden, Thomas S 1882-83 Bowen, Joseph A 1870-71 Brady, J. Dwight 1892-93 Brayton, David A 1856 Brown, Charles B 1901-02 Buckley, Isaac 1890 Buffinton, Edw-ard P 1854-55 Bufflnton, John B 1880-81 Burgess, W-Uliam L 1903-05 Byrne, Michael 1892-96, 1898 Campbell, John 1871-75 Carr, WiUia-m 1857 Chace, Augustus 1875 C'hampney, Julitis B 1854 Christmas, Charles 1866-67 ConneU, WUliam, Jr 1868 ConneUy, John A 1879-80 Conroy, Daniel 1869 Cook, William M 1855-56 Cote, Edmund 1898-1900 Covel, Benjamin 1863 Coyle, John B 1868 Creigh, John B 1900 Crowther, John 1893 Cumm-i-ngs, John W 1882 Cunneen, James E 1 870-72 Cuttle, John 1870 Daley, John 1890-91 Darling, Joseph M., Jr 1899-1901 Davenport James P 1871-73, 1880-81 Davol, Bradford D 1875-77 Doherty, Thomas B 1887-88 Draper, Orlando 1903-04, 1905-06 Durfee, George T 1886-88 Durfee, Holder B 1876-77 Durfee, Randall N 1895 Durfee, Walter C 1858-59, 1868-69 Durfee, WiUiam B 1860 Durfee, Wdlliam -N 1889 Earl, Benjamin 1859 Larl, Henry H 1886 Bddy, George H 1861, 1878 Bddy, Thomas F 1873, 1882-83 Everett, Nathan B 1887, 1894 Featherston, John 1894 FenneUy, John H 1890-91 Finnegan, John 1889-91 Finnegan, Thomas P 1895 Fisher, Charles E 1895-96 Flynn, William J 1893 Foley, Patrick B 1881 Ford, James 1856, 1861-62 Foulds, John B 1885-86, 1889 Poulds, Reginald A 1901-02 Francis, James R 1878 Gagnon, Frederick J 19t»3-05 Garvey, Dennis 1883-85 Gibl-in, Bdward M 1897-98 Gitoney, Thomas E 1895-97 Gifford, EUis 1858 Hans-on, Julian- 1906 Harrington, Edward F 1903-06 Harrington, Frank 1897 Hart, Isaac L 1855 148 HISTORY OF FALL RI"VER Hartley, Alfred H 1897-98 Hathaway, Guilford H 1866-67 Hathaway, Oliver H 1854-55 Hathaway, Richmond B., Jr 1897 Hathaway, Samuel 1803 Hathaway, Nicholas 1874 Haughwout Velona W 1884, 1886 Healy, Joseph 1894-95 Henry, James 1854-57, 1859-00, 1865-60 HIU, WiUiam 1858 Holden, Andrew 1891-1900 Holland, James B 1899-1900 Holmes, Charies J 1885, 1888-89 Huriey, John T 18g'5-86 Hurley, William J 1881, 1883-84 Johnson, George P 1900, 1903-06 Johnston, John P 1896-97 Kay, James H 1906 Keefe, W-Uliam F 1898-99 Kelley, Michael J 1886 Kelly, Cornelius 1904-06 Kelly, Samuel J 1903-05 Kendall, Frederick 1899-1900, 1904-05 Kenney, John T 1906 King, John F 1882 Langley, Henry J 1881-84 Lannigan, John S. H 1903-06 Lavoie, Charles 1906 Lawson, Frederick W 1903-04 Leary, Dennis F 1903 Leary, Jeremiah R 1873-74 Leary, Quinla-n 1877 Leonard, John M 1879-80 Lindsey, Crawford E 1871-72 Ling, WUliam B 1898-1906 Lockhart Alexander 1891-92 Lomax, WiUiam 1903-06 Luby, Patrick B 1895-97 Lunney, Patrick J 1877-80 Luscomb, Andrew 1873-74 Luther, Ebenezer 1859 Macfarlane, John A 1875-77 M-acoraber, Pardon 1870-72 Malone, L. Frank 1901-05 Manley, Robert L 1903-00 Mason, John, Jr 1861-62 Mason, WiUiam, 2r 1857 Maynard, Paul H 1901-02 McCreery, Joseph 1874, 1879 McDonough, Anthony 1885 McKevitt, Hugh 1882 MoLauchlen, John R 1892 MiUer, Southard H 1857, 1878 Mills, Charles E 1882 Milne, James T 1874 Moo-re, Fred 1905-06 Mulvaney, John 1899-1901 Murphy, Cornelius C, Jr 1893 Murphy, Bdward F 1884 Murphy, James 1892 Nadeau, John B 1903 Nason, Blias C 1867-69 Neill, Joseph O 1877-78 Nightingale, John 1896-97 Niles, Bphrai-m C 1904-05 Nugent Michael J 1903 O'Regan, Joseph 1901-06 Osborn, Jaraes M 1856, 1858 Osborn, Weaver 1864,1867 Paine, Walter, 3d 1863-65 Parks, Joseph A 1903 Patenaude, Francis H 1903-05 Petty, Asa, Jr 1860-62 Pouliot, Leonidas 1903-06 Powers, James 1884 Reed, John M 1886-88 Remington, Joshua 1857-58, 1864-65 Riley, Frank 1902 Shaw, Edwin 1854-55 Shea, John L 1906 Shove, Charles O -.1858-60, 1863 Sinclair, J-ames 1903-06 Slade, John P 1850-57, 1860 Smith, George 1903-00 Smithies, Robert 1869-70 Southworth, John 1883 Splaine, Thomas F 1894 St. George, Archibald 1906 StiUwell, Daniel 1804-65 Sullivan, Cornelius 1887-96 Sullivan, Daniel R 1875-70 SuUivan, Eugene B 1900 Sullivan, James J 1903-00 SuUivan, Michael F 1889 Sullivan, Patrick R 1870 Sweeney, Michael 1885-88 Thomas, William P 1884-85 Thorpe, Vincent 1883 Tootle, Michael 1882 Turner, Joseph 1903-06 Turner, William 1904-05 Wadington, Samuel 1866-69 Watters, Joseph 1882 Wells, J. Henry 1887-88 WestaU, John 1898-99 Westell, WUliam 1904-06 Wiley, George T 1893-96 Wiley, WiUiam J 1882-88 Win-slow, Henry S 1903 Winslow, Smith 1856 Wood, Jonathan M 1887-89 PRESIDENTS OF THE COM-MON COUNCIL. Borden, Nathaniel B 1890-91 Borden, Simeon 1861 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J 49 Borden, Thomas J 1875 Brown, Robert C 1854-55 Brown, Samuel M 1860, 1864 Buffinto-n, Charles C 1887-88 Chace, Isaac B 1803, 1872-73 Clarke, John S. B 1896 ConneU, William, Jr 1867 D'avenport, Jaraes P 1871 Davol, Abner P 1892-93 Durfee, Randall N 1894 Earl, Benjamin 1858 Earl, Henry H 1882-84 Bddy, George H 1857 Fairbanks, George 0 1862 Gardner, Stephen B 1868-69 Greene, William S 1877-79 Hargraves, James 1895 Bart, Abraham G 1866 Hawes, William M 1880 Henry, James W 1889 Hopewell, WiUiam 1898 Jackson, Amos M 1897 Jennings, William H 1869 Lawson, Frederick W 1900 Lindsey, Crawford E 1870, 1874 McGraw, Frank 1881 Potter, Thomas T 1865 Re-mington, CUnton V. S 1876 Riley, Frank 1902 Rounseville, Cyrus C 1885 Tho-mpson, Bdward F 1899 Tinkham, John G 1886 Watters, Prank M 1901 Wrightington, Stephen C 1856 COUNCILMEN. Adams, Edward S 1882-84 Adams, Henry A 1895-97 Adams, Isaac L 1898 Adams, Robert 1861-63 Adams, Thomas, Jr 1890-91 Albert, Charles H 1883, 1886 Albert James B 1879 Allen, George S 1862 Allen, Howard B 1 854-55, 1861-62 Allen, Louis V 1894 AUwood, Arthur 1885 Almy, Franklin L 1867-68 Almy, Frank S 1901-02 Almy, Langworthy 1859 Almy, William M 1854 Amiot, 'George J. B 1902 Amiot, Joseph E 1895 Andrew, John 1889-90 Anthony, James S 1857 Arcand, George E 1885-8C Ashley, Job B 1855-50, 1865 !gett, Bdward P 1877-78 Bagshaw, Henry 1873, 1876 Bagshaw, James 1881 B-aker, Charles E 1896-97 Baker, Ransom P 1865 B-annister, Wilson 1837-88 B-annister, Wilson E 1899 Barker, Warren S 1890 Barlow, James 1886-87 Barlow, John 1884 Bassett Rufus W 1887, 18S9 Beattie, David 1889 Bennett, Austin P 1902 Bennet-t WUUam G 1860-63 Bennett Wdlliam N 1891 Benson, Luther J 1897-1900 Biltcliffe, William 1889, 1891 BlackweU, James 1896 Blaisdell, John G 1883, 1890-91 Bolton, Richard R 1897 Bonney, Nathaniel 1854 Boomer, Charles H 1883, 1885 Borden, Alexander 1863 Borden, Arthur R 1872-73 Borden, Bernice C 1864 Borden, -Cook 1878 Borden, Edward P 1861-63 Borden, -Prank 1881-82, 1884, 1887-90 Borden, Fred C 1897-1902 Borden, George A 1802 Borden, Joseph 1856-57 Borden, Leander 1865 Borden, Major 1857 Borden, Nathaniel B 1890-91 Borden, Philip H 1872-74 Borden, Ridhard B 1858-59, 1864 Borden, Simeon 1860-61 Borden, Stephen B 1866 Borden, Thomas J 1874-75 Borden, Thomas S 1879-81 Borden, Walter F 1895-96 Borden, William 1857 Bosworth, George H 1855 Bottoms, Samuel 1892 Bourbonnier, Joseph 0 1889-90 Bowen, George N 1870,1 878-79 Bowen, Joseph A 1865-66 Bowen, Joseph H 1897-98 Bowers, Joseph 1878 Brackett, Wdlliam H 1857 Brady, Daniel 1873 Brady, J. Dwight 1890 Brady, Joseph 1894 Brayton, David A 1855 Brayton, David A., Jr 1884-85 Brayton, William B 1864-65 Brennan, Bdward 1885 Brennan, James H 1891-92 J50 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER Brennan, Michael W 1864, 1866 Briggs, John 1881-82 Briggs, Zephaniah T 1859 Brighara, D. SewaU 1854, 1808 Brightman, Corey D 1803 Bright-man, Perez O 1858, 1860 Bright-man, Sheffield 1854, 1856, 1872 ariuand, Bdward 1893-94 Brooks, Roger 1890-91 Brooks, W-Uliam J 1889, 1891-92 Brown, Charies B 1883-84, 1890-91 Brown, David F 1869-70 Brown, James 1891 Brown, Robert C 1854-55 Brown, Samuel M 1858-60, 1804 Brownell, Warren 1867 Bryans, John M 1875 Buckley, Isaac 1889 Bufflnton, Charles C 1882, 1887-88 Buffinton, Bli-sha W 1896 Buffinton, John B 1878-79 Burch, Thomas 1858 Burgess, John H 1884 Burgess, WiUiam 1877 Burgess, William J 1884 Burgess, Willi-am L 1901-02 Burke, Mdchael D 1887 Buron, Joseph H 1897 Burr, Frank W 1878-79 Burrell, John T 1885-80 Butler, Patrick E 1878 Byrne, Michael 1889-90 Byron, Walter B 1890-91 CampbeU, Phelps B 1866 Campbell, Sylvester 1882 Carey, John W 1893 Carman, WUliam A 1884-85 CarroU, John H 1882 Case, Charles B 1866-67, 1870-71 Cate, George W 1898 Chace, Augustus 1805 Chace, Benjamin C 1901-02 Chace, Prank M 1899-1900 Chace, Isaac B 1857, 1800, 1803, 1872-73 Oha-oe, Obadiah 1854-55 Chace, Robert L 1866 Chace, William 1858 Chace, William H 1877 Chagnon, John B 1884 Chase, Clark , 1879, 188-6 Chase, Sim-eon B 1877-78 Oheet-ham, William B 1868 Clark, Barnabas 1857 Clark, Thomas 1901 Clarke, John S. B 1892-96 Clarkson, Alfred 1896 Clarkson, George J 1870, 1872 Clarkson, John 1859 Clifton, Joseph 1879, 1884, 1886 ConneU, William, Jr 1866-67 Connelly, James H 1892-93 Connelly, John 1855-58 ConneUy, Jo-hn A 1877-78, 1890 Connelly, Michael H 1883-85 Conroy, Daniel 1865-66, 1875 Cook, Algernon M 1861 Cook, Vernon 1855, 1859 Cook, WiUiam H 1885-86 Cook, William M 1885-88 Corcoran, Edward J 1895 Corcoran, William D 1868 Cort, Bdward J 1893 Costigan, Daniel F 1899-1902 Covel, Alphonso 'S 1872-73 Covel, Benjamin. .1858, 1860, 1862, 1869, 1874 Coyle, John E 1865-67 Creigh, John B 1898-99 Creighton, David 1880 Crowley, Jeremiah 1893-95 Crowley, John T 1875 Cunneen, James B 1867 Cunneen, John T 1901 Cunneen, William H 1898 Cuttle, John • 1869 D-arcy, Thomas, Jr 1883 Darling, Joseph -M 1869-70, 1877 Davenport, James F 1862, 1871 Davenport, William 1872 Davis, Benjamin B 1860 Davis, Joseph M 1867 Davis, 'Noah 1859-62 Davol, Abner P 1892-93 Davol, Bradford D 1869-71 D'avol, Jaraes C 1889 Davol, John, Jr 1868 Davol, WUFiam C, Jr 1873-75 Dean, Charles H 1866 Dean, Gardner T 1869 Dean, -Moses 1863 Delaney, Patrick 1885 Delehanty, Patrick 1887-88 Dennen, Peter J 1854 Desjardins, George T 1898-99 Desmond, John 1882-83 Destremps, Louis E 1900-02 Dillon, John 1885 Dim-an, Henry 1854-55, 1865-66, 1882 Diskin, John 1887 Doherty, Thomas B 1885-86 Doige, Jaraes 1899 Donovan, John P 1898 Donovan, Thomas J 1891 Dowd, Thomas 1899-1901 Doyle, Thom-as L 1884 Driscoll, Daniel 1889-90 Duckworth, Elijah 1899 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J5I Duckworth, Richard 1896-97 Dudley, Joseph 1858-59 Dunham, William E 1876 Dunn, John 1887 Dunn, Jo-hn F 1872 Dunn, Patrick 1888 Durfee, George T 1883-85 D'urtee, Holder B 1870-71 Durfee, -Horatio N 1877 Durfee, Randall N 1892-94 Durfee, WiUiam B 1859 Durfee, WUUam H 1887-88 Dwelly, Prank H 1882 Dynes, James E 1890-91 Dyson, Araos H 1889-91 Eames, Asa 1857, 1860-61 Earl, Benj-amin 1858 Elarl 'Gl'bbs 1856 Earl, Henry H 1882-84 Earl, Lloyd S 1858 Eddy, George H 1850-57, 1859, 1870 Eddy, Leander K 1870 Bddy, Thomas P 1868-69 Elsbree, Joseph 1855, 1861-62 Bstes, John H 1880 Pa-hey, Benjamin A 1897 Fairbanks, George 0 1802 Fay, James A 1897 Fennelly, WUliam E 1888 Fenner, Henry S 1880 Finnegan, John 1888 Finnegan, Thomas F 1892-94 Fish, Henry H 1865-07 Fisher, C'harles B 1894 Flanagan, Bernard J 1899-1901 Flynn, WUliam 1890 Fogwell, Richard E 1897 Foley, Patrick E 1879-80 Ford, Nathaniel 1860 Flouds, John E 1882 Fraprie, George W 1857-60 French, Asa P 1850, 1861 French, Job B 1870-71, 1873 EViar, Thom-as 1885 Funk, Frederick A 1894-95 Gagnon, Frederic J 1900-02 G-alvin, John 1884 Gardner, Oliver L 1856 G'ar-dner, Stephen B 1866-'69 Garrahy, Simon 1881 G-arside, I-saac J 1901-02 Garvey, Dennis 1877 Geoffri-on, Victor 1881 Gl-blin, Bdward M 1893-95 qifflord, -DanieL 1859-60 Gifford, Stephen B 1858, 1867-68 Gillan, Patrick 1885 Goff, Herbert M 1894 Goodrum, Wiliiam P 1854-55 Gorm-an, Augustus P 1889-91, 1893-94 Gii--andfi-eld, Michael 1883 Greene, Thomas E, 1895-90 Greene, William S 1876-79 Griffln, Thomas H 1889-90 Grinnell, -Oliver 1854 Groves, Gardner 1854 Hacking, Thomas 1885-80, 1888-89 H-adfleld, John H 1895 Haffards, Griffiths M 1875 HaU, James L 1890 Hambly, WdUi-am H 1871 Hamilton, C'harles H 1884 Hanson, Alfred 1886, 1888 Hargraves, James 1893-95 Hargraves, Jo-hn W 1885 Hargraves, William H 1892-93 Harrington, Edward 1875 Harrington, Bdward P 1902 Harrington, Frank 1894-96 Harrington, Hiram C 1800, 1804 Harrington, James J 1880-87 Harrison, Joseph 1874 Harrison, Sandy 1881 Harrison, W-Uliam H 1863 Hart AtoraJham G 1856, 1S66 Bart, William J 1889 Harwood, Peter 1882-83 Harwood, Thomas J 1884 Hathaway, Guilford H 1864-65 Hathaway, James B 1856 Hathaway, Richmond B., Jr 1896 Haven, George C 1887-88 Hawes, W-Uliam M 1861-63, 1880-81 Henry, James W 1880-89, 1891 Henry, John P 1880-82 Henry, Robert 1863 Hicks, Thomas P 1898-99 Higginson, Bdward 1884-85 Hi-Uard, Charles B 1887-89 Hoag, -Frank W 1896-97 Hoar, James H 1889-90 Hob-son, M-ark 1900-01 Hodgson, George B 1892-95 Holieran, James, Jr 1898 Holraes, Dennis D 1899-1901 Hood, Francis B 1801-62, 1872-73 HopeweU, Williara 1896-98 Houghton, John H 1863-64 Howard, James 1891 Howard, Robert 1892 Howarth, J-am-es 1874 Huntsraan, William V 1862 Hurley, John T 1884 Hurley, Rioh-ard 1882 Hurley, WiUiam J 1880 Ivors, Michael L 1877, 1879 132 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER Jackson, Amos M 1897 Jackson, Edwin 1896-97 Jackson, James A 1887-88 Jalbert Theodule 1888 Jarvis, John T 1900 Jennings, George F 1893 Jennings, WUliam H 1850, 1858-59 Jepson, Moses 1878 Johnson, George F 1898-99 Johnston, John P 1890-91, 1895 Johnson, Myles J 1898-99 Jones, Michael B 1887-88 Judge, Patrick H 1886 Kay, Benjam-in D 1809-70 Keaman, Francis V 1870 Kea-rns, David A 1893-94 Keefe, Daniel 1884 Keefe, William F 1895 Kelly, Oornelius 1902 Kelly, CorneUus L 1870-73, 1882 Kelly, John J 1898 Kelly, Michael J 1882-84 KeUy, Timothy E 1902 Kelly, Zeno 1870-72 KendaU, Frederick 1898 Kennedy, James 1897-99 Kennedy, WUUam 1892 Kenney, John T 1899-1902 Keough, John 1887 Kilburn, Elijah C 1800-63, 1856-68 KUroy, Matthew 1885-86 Lancaster, Harry C 1901-02 Lanndg-an, John S. H 1901-02 Latham, Thom-as 1883 Law-son, Frederick W 1900 Lawton, Thomas W 1868 Leary, Dennis P 1899-1901 Leary, Qudnlan 1876 LeiBoeuf, Francis X 1897-98 Lee, Thomas J 1856 Leonard, Marcus 1876 Lewds, Robert 1875-76 Lincoln, Jonathan T 1859-60 Lindsey, Crawford B 1809-70, 1874 Lingard, Thomas 1900 Locke, George W 1863 Lock-hart, Alexander 1880 Lockwood, Allen 1875 Lomax, Terrance J 1894-95, 1898 Lomax, WiUiam 1900-02 Looney, Edward 1880 Luby, Patrick B 1880-87 Lunney, Patrick J 1868, 1871-73 Luscom-b, Andrew 1 867-72 Luther, Ebenezer 1857-58 Luther, Jaraes B 1857, 1864 Macfarlane, John A 1874 Macomber, Pardon 1804, 1808-69, 1875 Macomber, Philip C 1882 Maines, Henry 1892-93, 1895, 1900 Malone, L. Frank 1898-99 Malone, William P 1902 Manley, Robert L 1902 M'ann, Andrew 1900^01 Mantius, Joseph H 1896 Martin, Thomas 1879-80 Mason, John, Jr 1854 Mayes, Ephraim 1897 Maynard, Paul H 1900 McCann, John B 1874-70 McCarthy, John 1896-97 McC-arty, Patrick J 1877-78 M-cCreery, Joseph 1878 McCreery, Thomas II 1892 M-cDermott, Andrew 1875-77 ..icDermott Thomas F 1899-1900 McDonald, Edward 1876 McDonough, John F 1867 M-cPadden, Neil 1878 M-cGraw, Frank 1879, 1881 McGraw, Joseph 1896 Mclntyre, William J 1S5G, 1864, 1871 McK-en-na, Frank T 1896 McKenney, William H 1881-82 McLauohlen, John R 1889 McManus, Peter 1875, 1900 Meek, WilUam 1880-81 MeUor, Francis T 1892 MiUer, Benja-mln W 1858 Mdller, David C 18J5 Miller, Lorenzo T "> ;¦ Mills, -Charles E 1894 Mills, Edwin J 1893 Milne, Jaraes T 1872 Milne, John C 1861-65 Minne-h-an, John 1881 Moran, Tho-ra-as 1896-97 Morrill, Jonathan E 1867-69 Morris, George H 1880 Morrison, Andrew H 1897 Morrissey, John 1890 Murp-hy, Edward F 1883 Murphy, Edward H 1892 Murphy, .Jaraes W 1896, 1898 Murphy, Timothy C. (1) 1874 Murphy, Timothy C. (2) 1892 Nason, Elias C 1858-59 Neill, Joseph 0 1871, 1877 Newman, Michael 1886-87 Nicholson, Mitchell 1895 Nicholson, Robert 1886-88, 1894 Nightingale, John 1893-95 NUes, Ephriam C 1902 Norsworthy, -Henry 1872-74, 1876-77 Ntigent, Michael J 1902 NuttaU, Henry I873 HISTORY OF FALL RTVER J53 NuttaU, Isaac 1893-94 O'Connor, John F 1885 O'Hearn, Michael 1893 O'Hearn, Robert 1873-74 O'Keefe, Timothy T 1893-95 O'Neil, Dennis D 1864 O'Neil, James D 1877 O'Reagan, Joseph 1889 Osborn, Bben, Jr 1856 Osborn, Franklin P 1882-83 Osborn, James M 1860, 1871 Osborn, Weaver 1863 Paine, -Walter, 3d 1874, 1878 Pairtlngton, Jamels 1882 Pashley, William F 1898-99 Perkins, William, Jr 1888 Picard, Alcides J 1902 Pierce, Nathaniel 1859 Pollard, George 1879-80 Pope, Isaiah P 1861 Potter, Thomas T 1854, 1865 Powers, James 1883 Powers, Thomas R 1879 Pratt,' Henry 1861 Quinlan, WiUiam H 1893 Quinn, Andrew 1892, 1894 Quinn, Martin 1888-89 Ragan, Philip 1876, 1879 Randall, Benjamin P 1882 Read, Herbert H 1892-95 Read, Walter D 1882-83, 1887-89 Reagan, Edmund 1886 Reagan, Timothy -E 1897 Remington, Clinton V. S 1873, 1875-76 Remington, Clinton V. S., Jr 1892 Remington Joshua 1863 Renaud, Adelard 1901 Reyn-ard, Robert P 1860 Reynolds, John 1886 Reynolds, William J 189'7-" Rhodes, Jbhn 1892-93 Rich, Adolphus 1881 Riley, Frank 1901-02 Riley, John 1874-75 Riley, John W 1889-90, 1901 Ri-mmer, Jeffrey 1895-96 Ripley, Charles L 1876-79 Roberts, James J 1880 Robertson, George 1857 Robertson, WiUiam S 1857, 1882-83 Robertson, William S., 2d 1862 Roth, John H 1857 RounseviUe, Cyrus C 1883-85 Russell, Henry 1867 Ryan, Joseph H 1891 Sanderson, George 1891 S-anidford, i Thomas 1883 Sargent, Leroy 1866-67 S'haugh-nessey, Jeremiah W 1891-92 Shay, John F 1875-76 Shay, Patrick iH 1891-92 Shay, W'iUiam 1896-97 Shea, Michael H 1892 Simmons, Alexander, Jr 1886-88 Simmons, Arthur F 1902 Sinclair, James 1901-02 Sisson, John F 1855 Skinner, Herbert A 1864 Slack, Joseph 1895 Slade, Brayton 1855 Sla-lo, Eugene 0 1891-96 Slaila, John P 1855, 1866-67. 1877-78 Slater, John 1895 Smith, Bernard 1900-01 Smith, Charles 1888, 1890, 1897-98 Smith, George 1900-02 Smith, James 1879 Smith, Robert 1884 Sraith, WiUiam R 1897 Smithies, Robert 1864-66 Southwiorth, John 1881-82 Southworth, 'Spaulding 1871 ibtandring, James 1893 Stickney, Charles P 1857 Sullivan, Daniel R 1874 Sullivan, James J 1892 Sullivan, John F. (Ward 1) 1899-1900 Sullivan, John P. (Ward 5) 1899-1900 Sullivan, John J 1893 SuilUvan, Michael F 1888 Sullivan, Michael H 1880 Sullivan, Michael J 1891 Sullivan, Patrick R 1872, 1875 SuUivan, Philip, Jr 1901 SuUivan, Simon S 1895-96 Sullivan, Thomas F 1897 Sweeney, Michael 1884 Synan, William 1869-71 Taylor, George 1864 Taylor, WiUiam H 1856 Terry, Joseph C 1870-71, 1874 Thacker, John F 1868-69 Thfckery, Richard 1879 Thomas, George Fred 1899-1900 Thomas, Seth R 1890-91 Thomas, WUliam F 1882-83 Thompson, Edward F 1896-97, 1899-1900 'liiorpe, Vincent 1881-82 Thurston, Anthony 1866-67 Thurston, James E 1870-73 Tiemey, Joseph 1891 Tillinghast Christop-her W 1854, 1857 Tillson, Joseph E 1889-91 Tinkham, John G 1885-86 Tripp, Charies F 1887-91, 1894-95 Tucker, Lorenzo D 1859 154 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER ¦lurner, Joseph 1898-1901 Tyrrell, Thomas 1883-84 Walker, Amos 1878 Walker, James 1880 Walsh, Philip S 1884 Walton, Thomas 1880-89 Waterhouse, Joseph S 1898-99 Watters, Frank M 1901-02 Watters, Joseph 1870 Webster, H. Gordon 1877 WeUs, J. -Henry 1883 Westgate, Abner L 1857-58, 1865 Whalley, WUliam 1885-86 Whitaker, John B 1801-62, 1864 W-Mtaker, Peter 1887-88 White, Peter C 1850 Wilbur, Henry 1854-55, 1801 Wilbur, Leander D 1855 Wilcox, -Samuel B 1808, 1880, 1882-85 Wiley, William J 1880 Wilkinson, Thomas 1892, 1894-95 WiUetts, Isaac E 1893-94 Wilson, Dwight B 1881 Wilson, James H 1877 Wilson, Job T 1868-69 Winchester, John P 185-0 Winslow, Albert 1854 Winslow, Benjamin P 1872 Winslow, Smith 1854 Winstanley, James H 1898-99 Win ward, James 1871 Wixon, James 1850 W-olfendale, Wdlliam 1873, 1875, 1877 Wood, Joel 1803, 1869-70 Wood, John J 1873 Wood, WiUiam 1881 Woodman, Job W 1864-65 Wordell, Jethro H 1883, 1885-86 Wrightington, Stephen C 1855-56 Yarwood, Mark 1886-87 CITY CLERKS. Ballard, Alvan S 1855-63 BaUard, George A 1864-98 Brayton, Arthur B 1898- Hodges, John R 1854 ASSISTANT CITY CLERKS. Ballard, Alvan R 1898- Brayton, Arthur B 1885-98 Buffinton, Clarence 1884 CITY TREASURERS. Ballard, Alvan S 1855-63 BaUard, George A 1804-74 Brady, James C 1877-85 Brightman, Charles P 1886- Brown, Samuel M 1874-76 Hodges, John R 1854 CITY COLLECTORS. Adams, Robert 1868-71 Albert, Clinton G 1901- B'aUard, Alvan S 1855-61 Billings, 'George W 1872-74 Bowers, Frederick 1900 Brady, James C 18T7-85 Brdghtm-an, Charles P 1886-99 Brown, Samuel M 1874-76 Earl, Benjamin 1862-67 Hodges, John R 1854 CITY AUDITORS. Adams, Robert 1868-71 Anthony, Arthur 1882-84 Billings, George W 1872-81 Buffinton, Clarence 1884-95 Earl, Benjamin 1803-67 Clarke, Henry W 1896- CITY ENGINEERS. Borden, PhiUp D., Jr 1880-97 Borden, PhiUp D 1898- CITY SOLICITORS. Blaisdell, Josiah C 1808-69, 1873-74 Boomer, -Frederick A 1860-63, 1870 Borden, Simeon 1857-59 Braley, Henry K 1874 Brayton, John S 1855-56 Dubuque, Hugo A 1900- Grirae, George 1893-95 Hatheway, Nicholas 1890 Higginson, Edward 1889, 1891-92 Jackson, James F 1881-85, 1887-88 Morton, James M., Jr 1864-67 Pierce, WUli-am H 1871-72 PhiU-i-ps, Arthur S 1899 Reed, Milton 1875-80 SuUivan, Dennis V 1886 Wood, L. Elmer 1896-98 AS'SBSSORS OF TAXES. Bil-bcliffe, Thomas 1878-81 Bliss, Hiram 1855 Brown, Samuel M 1873, 1877-78 Buffinton, Benjamin 1886-88 Buffinton, Edward 1855, 1874-76, 1880-83 Collins, John E 1876 Conroy, Daniel 1869 Cook, Wdlliam H 1896-1902 Cunneen, Jaraes E 1881 Davol, Abner P 1898-1903 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J 55 Davol, Richmond 1S57, 1860-61 Doherty, Edward A 1903- Dtirfee, Walter c 1870 Eddy, George H 1889-94, 1904- Estes, John H I877 Fuller, Rufus T 1868 Gardner, -Stephen B 1869 Gifford, Stephen B 1855-56, 1859-60 Gunn, Horatio N 185 1-50, 1866 Harri-son, Sandy 1888-1903 H-athaw-ay, Gui-lford H..1854, 1857-58, 1861-62 Hathaway, RusseU 1856 Healy, Abram 1889 Healy, Joseph 1862-63 Hodges, John R 1857 Holder, Thomas F 1872 Hood, Francis B 1868-69, 1871 Howard, Albert G 18G4-C5, 1867-68 Kelly, Jeremiah 1873-79 La Plante, Isaih 1905- Leonard, Daniel . . ,' 1856 M-arvel, Philip M 1806-68, 1874-75 Mason, PhUip, Jr 1856 M-cM-anus, Peter 1879-80 Morton, James M...18G1, 1805, 1808-69, 1873 O'Hearn, Robert 1882-93 Palmer, George W 1870-72 Pooler, Seth 1864 Se-arle, Charles F 1860-07, 1869-72 S'lade, Jonathan 1863-65 Slocum, Mark A 1857 Stewart, William W 1884-87 Vickery, Caleb B 1854 Waring, WiUiam J 1882-85 Winslow, Benjamin F 1857-00, 1862 Winslow, Smith 1855 Wood, WiUiam F 1863 Wrightington, Stephen C 1858-59 CITY -MESSENGERS. Carpenter, Joseph W 1858-72 CroBSon, James D 1886- navi'S, John C 1854-56 Dean, C'-harles L. . . ! 1883-85 O'NeU, Dennis D 1873-77 Pike, M. Frank 1878-82 Wilson, Abraham W 1857 CLERKS O-F COMMITTEES. Brayton, Arthur B 1885-95 Buffinton, Clarence 1884 Dwelly, Frederick O 1905- M-anchester, James G 1896-98 Prdtchard, George S. B l'898-99 Stewart, David C, Jr 1900-04 SUPERINTENDENTS OF STRE-BTS. Horton, Danforth 1859-67, 1869-77 Manchester, Alexander 1868 Thurston, Anthony 1878-94 Thurston, Frank A 1894- S-UPB'RINTEND-ENTS OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS. Adams, James M 1^82-88 Brownell, Isaac T 1881 Ryley, John 1889-1904 Shay, Daniiel H 1905- SUPBRINTENDENTS OP SOHOO'LS. Bates, Wdlliam C 1894-1905 ConneU, WUliam 1882-94 ConneU, William, Jr 1872-81 Durfee, Everett B 1905- Stevens, Daniel W 1865-00 Tewksbury, M. W 1807-72 SUPERINTENDENTS OF OAK GROVE CEMETERY. Buffinton, Bdiward P 1850 Bufflnton, Oliver 1857-67 Livesey, Michael 1868 Morrill, Jonathan E 1869-97 Morris, John 1903- S-mltlh, Charles 1899-1903 Standing, Thomas B 1898 8UPERINT'ENDB,NTS OP NORTH BURIAL GROUNDS. Brightm-an, Thomas E 1854-65 Corbett Owen 1875-76, 1878 C-owen, George 1872 Hoar, -Charles P 1900 Ho-rsim-an, Francis 1866-71 Hyland, James G 1873-74, 1877 Morris, John 1893-97 O'Brien, Michael 1898- W'hite, Stephen 1879-88 WMte, Walter 1889, 1891-92 CHIEF ENGIiNBERS OP THE FIRE -DEPARTMENT. Borden, Thomals J 1870-72 ConneU, Thom-as 1875 Davol, William C 1892-97, 1901- D-av-ol, William C, Jr 1876-81, 1884-91 Durfee, Holder B 1873-74 Greene, -Chester W 1857 Lang-ford, James 1898-1900 Macfarlane, John A 1882-83 Miller, Southard H 18(ro-G9 MorrUI, Jonathan E 1855-50, 1858-59 J56 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER DEPUTY CHIEF ENGINEERS OF THE PIRE DEPARTMENT. B-o-wers, Joseph, Jr 1905- ASSISTANT ENGINEERS OP THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. Brownell, Isaac T 1877-78, 1880 Carey, Edward P 1905- Connell, Thomas 1883 Langford, James 1885-96 McKenney, Felix, Jr..l87G, 1879, 1881-82, 1884 Remington, Hale 1897-1904 CITY MARSHALS. Brigham, D. SeweU 1878-81 Bufflnton, Samuel R 1858-59 Barnes, Asa 1862-63 Gray, Franklin 1860 Greene, Chester W 1857, 1860-01 HUMard, Rufus B 1880- Hun-t Josiah A 1882-80 Sisson, WilUam 1855-50 Wilcox, Henry C 1864-05 Winslow, 'Albert 1867-68 Wright Andrew R 1869-77 ASSISTANT CITY MARSHALS. Borden, James F 1873-74 Borden, John R 1872-74 Brocklehurst, John 1872-74 Carpenter, Lewis W 1800 Chace, Mark P 1870-71 Eiaton, Josiah K 1867 pncet, John 188';i- Plynn, Patrick 1873-74 Hall, Amaziah C 1873-74 Harding, Charles 1873-74 HiUiard, Rufus B 1883-86 Hinckley, -Charles 18.82 Holden, George 1867-69 Hunt, Josiah A 1881 McMahon, Simon 1873 O'Neal, D. D 1868-72 Packard, Timothy C 1874 Pearce, Albert T 1872-74, 1877-80 Pearce, Bowen L 1801-05 Rawson, 6. P 1873 Reed, WUUam 1804-06 Reed, William, Jr 1858-63 Sayward, .John -W 1 868-74 Se-rgens, Bdward L 1867-71 Taber, Gideon 1866 Watson, .lames E 1858-62 Winter, WUliam A 1873-74 Wrightington, WiUiam E 1863-74 Wyatt George W 1872-76 PHYSICIANS. Abbott, John H 1879-81 Bowen, Seabury W 1872-74 Buck, Augustus W 1897-98 Copeland, -Charles W 1878 Cummings, Michael A 1894-96 Davis, Robert T 1857-58 Dedrick, Albert C 1899-1903 DweUy, Jerome 1855-50, 1859, 1805-68 Gilbert John 1898-99 Hartley, James W 1862-64 KeUy, Michael 1891-93 Learned, Ebenezer T 1860-01 Leary, John H 1888-90 Merritt, S. Virgil 1903- b-mit-h, Isaac, Jr 1871 Sullivan, James E 1882-87 Tourtellot, John Q. A 1875-77 Whitaker, John B 1869-70 FIRST DISTRICT PHYSICIANS. Fe-cteau, Adelard 1900-02 Gilbert, John 1891-93 Gunning, Thomas 1894-96 Huard, Joseph E 1897-99 SECOND DISTRICT PHYSICIANS. Collett Peter A. A 1894-96 Gibbs, Samuel W 1900-02 Harris, Emanuel 1897-99 St. Germain, Valmore 1891-93 ASSISTANT CITY PHYSICIANS. Butler, Richard B 1906- Fecteau, Adelard 1903- Herbert Edward 1903-05 MEMBERS OP BOARDS OF COMMISSION ERS OF THE SINKING FUNDS. Abbott, John H 1900-01 Anthony, Arthur 1882-84 Bassett Charles A 1888-1901 BiUings, George W 1874-81 Borden, Nathaniel B 1890-91 Borden, Simeon 1874-95 Borden, Thomas, Jr 1874-75 Braley, Henry K 1882-83 Brown, Samuel M 1874-76 Buffinton, Charles C 1887-88 Buffinton, -Clarence 1885-94 Carroll, WUliam 1874-75 Clarke, Henry W 189^- Clarke, John S. B 1896 Coughlin, John W 1891-94 Covel, Alphonso S 1876-78 Cummings, John W 1885, 1887-88 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J57 Daveniport, James F 1874-77 D.-.Vol, Abner P 1892-93 Durfee, Randall N 1894 Earl, Henry H 1882-84 Bddy, 'George H 1876 Eddy, George H., Jr 1902-04 Greene, WUUam S 1877-80, 1886, 1895 Grime, George 1902-03 Hargraves, James 1895 Hathaway, Bdward B 1879- Haw-es, William M 188-0 Henry, J-ames W 1889 Henry, Robert 1881 Higginson, Edward 1896-99 Hopewell, William 1898 Huard, John B 1904-05 Hudner, Michael T laOO Jackson, Amos M 1897-99 Jackson, James P 1889-90 Lawson, Frederick W 1900 Lindsey, Crawford E 1878-79 MarshaU, Robert 1905- Mc-Graw, Frank 1881 Reed, Milton 1884 Riley, Frank 1902 r^-ounsevUle, Cyrus W 1885 Stickney, Charles P 1874-78 Talbot, Herbert -C 1904- Thompson, Bdward F 1899 Tinkham, John G 1886 Tripp, Azariah S 1879-87 Watters, Frank M 1901 Wood, L. Elmer 1900- MEMBBRS OF THE BOARDS OP PIRE -COMMISSIONERS. De Tonnancour, Godfrey 1903-04 Durfee, George N 1903-05 Lynch, Edward 1903- M'cNally, Michael 1905- W-oodraan, Charles B 1906- MBMBERS OP BOARDS OP OVERSEERS OF THE POOR. (The 'Mayor and Aldermen were the Oversee of the Poor from 1854 to 1890.) Abbott, John H 19^0-01 Brady, James C 1894-1900 Braley, Henry K 1890-91 Buffinton, Charles C 1890-1900 Coug'hlin, John T 1905-06 Coughlin, John W 1891-94 Cuttle, John 1892-93 Greene, Co-r-nelius S 1890-1900 Greene, William S 1895-97 Grime, George 1902-04 Holmes, Charles J 1890-1905 J-r ikso-n, Amos M 1898-99 Jackson, James P 1890 Wordell, Marcus M 1906 AGENTS OF BOARDS OF OVERSEERS O-F POOR. Brown, Samuel M., Jr 1875-70 Buffinton, Benjamin 1880-81 Fairbanks, George O 1877-79, 1882-83 Harrison, Joseph 1884-1904 Plummer, Bdward 1904-00 MEMBERS OF THE BOARDS OF PARK COMMISSIONERS. Cook, Richard H 1902- uanielson, Charles R 1902- Doherty, Bdward A 1902-03 Madden, Thomas J 1903-05 McClarance, Matthew A 1902- iN adeau, John B 1900- Small, Reuben -C, Jr 1902-05 Torphy, John E 1905- MEMiBERS OP THE RESERVOIR COMMISSIONS. Abbott, John H 1900-01 Biltcliffe, William 1906- Borden, Philip D 1895- Coughlin, John T 1905- Clarke, John S. B 1903-05 Eddy, George H 1895-1904 Greene, WiUia-m S 1895-97 Grime, George 1902-04 Harley, WiUiam J 1904-05 Jackson, Amos M 1898 99 Leary, Jeremiah R 1895-97 MitcheU, WUUam 1901-05 Sullivan, Daniel J 1906- Sweeney, Michael 1897-1902 Watson, Samuel 1895-1900 Watters, Joseph 1900- CLERK OF THE RESERVOIR COMMISSIONS. ' Borden, Philip D 1895- MEMBERS O'F SCHOOL COMMITTEES. Adams, Edward S 1894-1900 Adams, Lyddan S 1872-75 Adams, Robert 1869-71 Adams, WiUiam W 1866-67, 1876-79 Aldrich, James M 1854-60., 1872-78 Aldrich, Louisa G 1880-97 Archer, John J 1878-80 B'arnet't Robert E 1857-58 Bennett, WUUam G 1880-99 158 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER Boomer, Frederic A 1865-67, 1869-71 Borden, -Simeon 1800-03, 1872-74 Borden, Spencer 1884-85 Brady, John 1891-93 Bromson, George W 1874, 1879-81 Brown, John 1891-93 Buck, Charles W 1800-68 BuUock, Andrew D 1862-64 Brown, Samuel M 1867-69 Butler, S. Wright 1871-73 Chace, S. -Angler 1855-59 Cook, Benjamin 1886-90 Cone, Dwight E 1 891-92 Conmell, Arthur 1 1903--06 Connell, William 1805-73 Davis, Benj-amin H 1855 Dawley, Joseph E 1855-5C, 1859-62 Diman, J. Lewis 1859-60 Dubuque, Hugo A 1884-90 Dwelly, Jerome 1854-50, 1859-00, 1804-78 Earl, Benjamin 1866-69 Eddy, Thoraas F 1874, 1876-78 Eric, William H 1875-80 Fairbanks, George O 1860-68 Ford, James 1855-56 Gould, John B 1860 Grant, Percy S 18^1-93 Hartley, James W 1857-5'8 Hathaway, Richmond B., Jr 1904-06 Hathaway, W'arren 1858-59 Healy, Harriet 'l' 1 880-94 Henry, Robert 1869-71 Holmes, Charles J 1862-05, 1868-79 Holmes, Thomas 1865 Hooper, Poster 1860-65 Hunt Ebenezer W 1882 Hurley, Patrick J 1883-89 Hyde, Mary E 1895-1906 Jackson, Amos M 1879-87 Jennings, -Andrew J 1875-77 Kennedy, WiUia-m A 1872-74 Lawton, Job G 1854 Learned, Ebenezer T 1855-56 Leland, Mary G 1873 Lincoln, Leontine 1880-1903 Lindsey, Crawford E 1870-72 Locke, George W 1866 Locke, Jeremi-ah P 1888-90 Lyman, Payson W 1893-1901 Maclaren, WiUiam 1857-03 Martin, WilUam J 1894-1906 IrfcCreery, James E 1879 McCreery, Robert E 1899-1902 Mills, Charles B 1877-79 Osborn, Hannah F 1898-1900, 1902-06 Peloquin, Pierre P 1897-1903 Poolert Seth 1859-60, 1867-68 Porter, Emery M 1857-59 R-am'S-b-oittom, Thomas L 1879-84 Reed, Milton 1870-71 Scott, Walter 1875 Slade, Albion K 1875-76 Smith, Agnes M 1901-06 Smith, Iram N 1877-78 Snow, Charles A 1860-64 S-wi-ft -Marcus G. B 1881-83, 1888-90 Thurston, Eli 1854-55, 1858-59 TourteUot, John Q. A 1881-83 Tripp, Almadus W 1857-59 Tripp, Azariah S 1854-04, 1808-70 Waring, William J 1894-96 Warner, Wdlliam R 1885-87 Wdley, George T 1902-06 Wixon, Susan H 1874-76, 1890-1906 Wright, Alfred A 1866 ME'MBERS OP THE WATUPPA WATER BOARDS. BiltcUffe, William 1905- Borden, Philip D 1871-82 Bowen, Joseph A 1871-74 Butler, John 1874-78 Coffey, Michael T 1893-96 Everett, Nathan B 1899-1905 Fie-ld, George 1 1898-1901 Hawes, William B 1894-1906 Hawes, William M 1882-94 Holden, Andrew 1896-99 Lindsey, William 1871-79 NeUl, Joseph 0 1879-82 Osborn, Weaver 1878-93 SuUivan, Daniel J 1906- Watters, Joseph 1883-98, 1901- CLERKS OP IHE WATER BO'ARDS AND WATER REGISTRARS. Churchill, Charles H 1872-79 Robertson, WiUiam W 1879- SUPBRINTEND-ENTS OF WATER WORKS. Briggs, George A 1871-74 Carr, William, Jr (acting) 1880 Kieran, Patrick 18SC- Martine, -Alfred H 1881-84 Ro-toh, WiUiam 1875-79 MEMBERS OF THE BOARDS OF HEALTH. (The Board of Aldermen acted as the Board of Health up to 1878.) Abbott, John H 1879-81 Anthony, James S 1878-80, 1889-90 BUtcliffe, Thomas 1887-88 Braley, Isaac L 1903- Buck, Augustus W 1897-98 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 159 Bufflnton, Benjamin 1890-91 Cabana, Louis V 1898-1901 Collett, Peter A. A 1902- Copelan-d, Charle s W 1878 Oumm-1-ngs, Michael 1894-96 Dedrick, Albert C 1900-02 DeGrandpre, Louis P 1892-95 Gilbert John 1898-99 Hicks, -Charles A 1895-1905 Kelly, Michael 1891-93, 1900- Leary, John H 1888-90 Leonard, John M 18o8-89 Merritt, S. Virgil 1903- McGraw, Frank 1880-88 Morriss, Samuel B 1891-94 St. George, ArOhibalQ 1896-97 Sullivan, James E 1878-83 Winslow, Benjamin F 1878-83 Young, John M 1884-85 AGENTS OP THE BOARDS OP HEALTH. (One of the members of the Board acted as Agent of the Board up to 1902.) Morriss, Samuel B 1902- CLE-RKS OF THE BOARDS OF HEALTH. (The City Clerk acted as -Clerk of the Board up to 1890.) la-ason, George R 1890-93 Wisem-an, Thomas P 1893- INS'PBCTO'RS OF PLUMBING. i^ynch, James H 1891- MEMBE-RS OF THE BOARDS OF TRUSTEES OF THE PUBLIC LIBRARY. (Since the establishment of the library in 1860.) Abbott John H 1900-01 Abraham, John 1879-81 Adam'S, William W 1882 Bassett Rufus W 1891-1900, 1900 Bennett, William G 1879-81 Borden, Simeon 1800-72, 1874-79 Borden, S-pencer 1900- Braley, Henry K 1882, 1905- Brown, Samuel iVi 1800-73 Bufflnton, Edwar j P 1800-60 Butler, John 1873-75 Coughlin, John Vt' 1891-94 Cummings, John W 1885, 1887, 1888 Davenport, James F 181 4-77 Davis, Robert T 1873, 1870-78 Fairb'anks, George 0 1867-68 Gormley, John E 1880-82 Greene, William S 1880-81, 1880, 1895- Gri-me, George 1902-04 Hawes, OUver S 1901- Henry, Robert 1881-99 Holmes, Charles J 1800-78, 1880-1900 Hughes, Christopher 1899- Jackson, Amos M 1898-99 Jackson, James F 1889-90 Leary, Jeremiah R 1875-77 Leland, Phineas W 1860-70 Letourneau, Alfred S 1906- Linc-oln, Leontine 1878- Dindsey, Craw-ford E 1878-90 Lyon, Henry 1860-82 M-oDonough, John J 1904- Morton, James M 1883-97 Paine, Walter, 3d 1860-79 Reed, Milton 1884 Reeves, Edmund 1905 Warner, William R 1884-98 WestaU, John 1870-04 LIBRARIANS OP THE PUBLIC LIBRARY. Ballard, George A 1860-63 Ballard, WiUiam R 1864-1905 Rankin, George W 1905- Remington, Charles G 1864 Copyright, 1895, by Harper & Brothers. Matthe-w C. D. Borden CHAPTER XVIII BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF WELL-KNOWN FALL RIVER MEN, PAST AND PRESENT " c4 sacred burden is the life ye bear. Look on it, lift it, bea.r ii solemnly; Stand up and ¦walk beneath it steadfastly ; Fad not for sorroiv, falter not for sin, '¦tittt ontxiard, upivard, till the goal ye 'k^in.' M. C. D. BORDEN. — If FaU River men and women were asked who of the city's citizens had done most for it, the answer, in nine cases out of ten, would be Mr. M. C. D. Bor den, and that without a moment's hesita tion. Nor would they be wrong, for, in addition to erecting a mammoth plant that has given employment to thousands of peo ple, which has added imraeasurably to the growth and prosperity of the city, he -has kept that plant running with constant em ployment at good wages through good times and bad, and has often come to the assist ance of the other corporations by relieving them of stocks of cloth that were proving a source of uneasiness. His action has more than once averted the closing of the other mills till they could sell their cloth, and has frequently prevented a reduction of wages. In more cases than one, moreover, he has, by his independent action, raised the compensation of -his employees and thereby beneflted the entire city by making a similar advance necessary in all the mills. There is another side of Mr. Borden whioh is never forgotten, and that is the p'Bilan- thropic. He himself declared in 1895, at a notable dinner on the occasion of the start ing of the No. 4 mill of the Iron Works plant, at which he announced a gift of $100,000 to the charities of Fall River, that "unusual success in the accumulation of wealth brings -with it inseparably extraor dinary responsibilities," and he has no'bly fulflUed this by what he has done in erect ing the beautiful club buUding, a picture of which appears in this work, for the poor boys of Fall River, to which he is now erecting a large addition for the use of the men. If all the immense plants owned by Mr. Borden were swept away, this would stand as a noble memorial to the man and his kindly heart, and would ensure his being held in grateful remembrance by the work ing people of Fall River for generations. A bold and skilful operator, who has had the courage to push forward where others held back, Mr. Borden has earned the phenome nal success that has corae to hira. His business methods are essentially modern, his decisions once taken are executed with promptness. He has made the product of the American Printing Company in a sense the standard of the world, and the cotton mills that supply it a model for all manu facturers. His competitors, though they may at times feel being -beaten at their own game, yet hold an admiration none the less deep and sincere for this master of industry. The fact that Mr. Borden is a native of this city, w-here he spent his early days, and a descendant of Fall River men of sterling character who had been most active in pro moting its welfare, naturally plays no small part in the pride Fall River takes in his achievements. The son of Col. Richard Bor den and Abby W. Durfee, he came of a long line of distinguished ancestry, who early emigrated from Kent County, England, had been active in the settlement of the northern part of Rhode Island and later in the development of Fall River, in which the Bordens, -by securing the control of the water power of the stream soon after 1700, have always been prominent. His father was the first treasurer and agent of the Fall River Iron Works Company, organized in 1821, and later became an influential of flcer in nearly all the early industries, like the Troy -Cotton & Woolen Manufactory, the Fall River Manufactory, the Metacomet Mill and the American Print Works. It was J 62 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER mainly through his eftorts that the first raUroad -here was bmlt, and he was likewise the founder of the first line between this city and New York, which was later to become the famous Fall River Line. Col. Borden was, furthermore, active in church and char itable work, and was deservedly one of the city's most 'honored inhabitants. Matthew Chaloner Durfee Borden was born here and educated flrst at a boarding school in Au- burndale in 1857, then at Phillips' Academy, Andover, in 1858 and 1859. He entered Yale College, from which he graduated in the class of 1864. He soon became associated with the American Printing Company, which following the panic of 1873 -had met with severe reverses, and, together with his brother, the late T-hom-as J. Borden, soon placed it on a more substantial basis. Dur ing the first years Mr. M. C. D. Borden di rected the sale of the goods in New York, while his brother looked out for the local end of the industry. In 1886 the latter dis posed of his interest entirely to Mr. M. C. D. Borden, who then 'became and has continued to be the sole owner of the plant. Shortly after he acquired the abandoned plant of the Fall River Iron Works, adjoining the print works, razed the buildings, and in 1889 built the flrst of the great mills, 386 feet long by 120 feet -wide and four stories high. The mill is said to have been built because, as -owner of the American Print Works, he was sometimes trifled with by treasurers and agents of the raills whose cloth it was his business to print. He determined to make, a, part at least of the cloth that he was to use, and so in a measure become independent. The business prospered, and in 1892, No. 2 mill was erected, three stories high, over 575 feet long and 120 feet wide, and in 1893 No. 3 mill -was budlt, which is 3(19 feet long -and 142 feet wide; it is four stories high and a very imposing structure. The fourth mill, and the largest yet erect ed, followed in 1895, 3721/2 feet in length and 1051/2 feet in width. The starting ot this mill, October 17, 1895, was made the oc casion of a notable breakfast on the mag niflcent steamer Priscilla of the Pall River Line, which, as has already been said, was founded -by his father, Col. Borden. A party of a'bout seventy distinguished and influen tial men of New York and Philadelphia came on from -New York as Mr. Borden's guests, and after being joined by many of the prom inent local citizens, inspected the plant and witnessed the turning on of the steam hy the owner that set in motion the immense Corliss engine which furnished the motive power for 80,000 spindles. The guests then adjourned to the dining room of the Pris cilla, where luncheon was served, foUowed by addresses by Mr. Borden, .Hon. Charles Emory Smith, of Philadelphia; his Honor, Mayor William S. Greene, of Fall River; J. Edward Simmons, president of the Fourth National Bank of New York; Hon. John S. Brayton, of Fall River; Isaac H. BaUey and John R. Van Wormer, of New York, and Hon. Leontine Lincoln, of Fall River. Mr. Borden then rose and said: "In bringing this part of the day's routine to a close, I have to ask your attention to one word more from me. In what I now have to say I pray that I may not be charged with even a suspicion of ostentation or the slightest breach of the proprieties that are insepara ble from the truest manhood. Ordinarily it is indisputable that charities should be quietly and modestly administered, not dis played. But I am raoved to believe Jliat I S'hall not be raisunderstood if I, for once, just because of the occasion and its lessons, take a different course in what I am now about to do. I -believe in success — the great er the better. I 'believe in the accumulation of wealth without any limit, except always that flxed -by clean -and honorable methods. But I believe, also, that unusual success brings -with dt inseparably extraordinary responsibilities, and, therefore, standing be fore you in grateful recognition of a kind Providence that -has so favored me, I hereby announce my intention to donate to the char ities of FaU River, in such directions as may appear to me best the sum of $100,000." The announcement was a complete surprise, and after a moment's astonishment the party burst into applause which lasted for many minutes. Fifteen thousand dollars of -the gift went toward the building fund of the Home for Aged People, and smaller sums to other deserving institutions, but the hulk was used in erecting a home for the Boys' 'Club. The -building erected on Anawan street -from this friend and the additions made to it -by Mr. Borden was dedicated late in 1897. It is the handsomest of its kind for the exclusive use of street -boys in the country and has proved serviceable as well as beautiful. It is of pressed brick with brown-stone trimmings, and frieze of artistic architecture and flnished in oak with colored glass in the upper parts of the HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 163 windows. It is equipped with a theatre, gymnasium, swimimlng pool, library and club rooms, and has done an excellent work for the boys of the city, of whom it has a membership of nearly 2,000. Mr. Borden is now constructing on Pocasset street a large addition to the building for the use of the men. The work of mill buUding was not to stop, -however, with No. 4. A flfth mill in the same group followed in 1902, and Nos. 6 and 7 have since been added. The first five mills were all grouped about one enor mous chimney, 350 feet in height and thirty fe'et in diameter at the base. All are of brick on -granite foundations and are nota bly well lighted and arranged for the most profitable m-anufaoturing. Meantime, Mr. Borden had acquired the Fall River iMachine Company's property east of his plant, and erected mammoth store-houses. In Decem ber, 1901, 'he purchased the old Metacomet mill property -adjoining, in which -he in stalled new machines and which he has largely remodelled. In 1905 he erected across the stream on the site of the Anawan mill, 'built in 1825, and one of the earUest here, his latest factory, somewhat smaller than some of the other raills, but which it is predicted will be ultiraately greatly en larged. Other additions and improveraents are constantly being made. This immense cotton -plant operates 459,000 spindles and 13,057 looms. Figures compiled before the erection of the No. 7 mill have the amount of cotton used each year as 68,000 bales and the yards of cloth produced per annum 175,000,000. These should be increased about one-sixth by the product of the new mill. Mr. Borden's print works, with thirty machines, easily the largest in the country, print four and a half million yards of calico each week. The total number of employed in the combined plants is between five and six thousand. The mUls -themselves are of the most -modern architecture and their grounds are kept in the best of condition, justifying the recent remark of one foreign- born citizen, that they are "like a great landlord's lawn in the old country." Mr. 'Borden In 1865 married Harriett M. Durfee, daughter of Dr. and Mrs. Nathen Durfee, and has three sons living, having lost four children — Howard S., the treasurer of the Iron Works Company; Bertram H., treas urer of the Araerican Printing Company, and -Matthew. Mr. M. C. D. Borden is president of both corporations, and with the two sons flrst named con'stitute the board of directors. CO'L. RICHARD BORDEN was born In Fall River (formerly Freetown), April 12, 1795. He was identified with the early ship ping of the place and was largely interested in various enterprises, among which was the cotton industry. Hds early education was received in the public schools- of his native place, and early in life began -his faraous career as a manufacturer. He built several vessels. Am-ong them was the "Irene an-d the Betsey." For over 50 years Mr. Borden was prominent dn the financial and business interests of the city. He was one of the organizers of the Fall River Iron Works and was its treasurer -and agent up to the time of retirement fro-m active -bus-iness life. He was interested in the building and operation of the Watuppa Reservoir Company, Troy Cotton and Woollen ManufaotuTing Co., The An awan -Mill, the Araerican Print Works, the Metacomet Mill, Fall River Railroad and Steamboat line, Gas Works an-d was presi- Col. Richard Borden (Deceased) dent and -a director of t'he American Print Works, Araerican Linen Co., Richard Borden Mill Co., and Fall River Na/- tional Bank, the Pall River Iron Works, Mount Hope Mill Co., -president of the Bay State Steamboat -CO'mpany, Providence iool Co., 'Cape Cod Railroad Co., the 'Bor den Mining Co. of Frostburg, Md., and many other corporations and Institutions. Hds was indeed a busy an-d eventful life, well spent, and certainly -an incentive for the rising youth of our progressive city. The citizens -of Fall River owe him a debt of gratitude for the present admirable sys tera of railroad tra-nsportation between Pah River, Boston an-d New York. It -was he who pushed the -railroad business and 164 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER through his efforts that the present system we enjoy became a reality. It would take a large volume to tell you all about Col. Borden and what he -accomplished for -his fellow citizens, but enough has been told to show that he was one of the really great men of FaU River, and we only wish we had the space to devote to this remarkable man of -affairs. He was the head and front of everything of worth, and in 1812 joined the local militia company as a private, and was promoted while in his minority. He was first commissioned ensign in a com pany of the Second Regiment of Infantry July 30, 1814. In 1815 'he was commission ed lieutenant dn the same regiment. He received his first commission as captain April 11, 1818, and his second commission May 2, 1822, and both in the Fifth Regiment of Infantry. He was made lieutenant-col onel of the same regiment June 28, 1823, and colonel March 12, 1828. After his pro- m-otion -he retired from service. Hds in terest in the soldiers is illustrated in the soldiers' monument and burial-place which was given by him at the entrance to O'ak Grove -Cemetery -and the Richard Borden Po-st of the Grand Army of the Republic. Col. Borden passed away February 25, 1874. e-siteemed and loved by all who knew him. HO'N. JOHN SUMMERFIELD BRAYTON was perhaps the chief financial and indus trial fulcrum on which Fall River raised it self from an obscure factory village to the proud -position of America's foremost textile centre. For over forty years he wielded, personally, the power of -the community's greatest financial resource, yet always with a view to advancing the community's pros perity and advancement. He was mo-dest, re tiring, generous and public spirited and never -desired greater laurels than those which usually fall to the faithful pubUc ser vant, whose duty has been well perforraed. Since that day, in 1043, when its founder, Fra-ncis Brayton, came from Engl-and, and settled in --Portsmouth, R. I., the Brayton family, to which John Summerfleld Bray ton belonged, has been prominent in the up building of the country contiguous to Nar ragansett Bay. In every branch of -his an cestry 'he was descended from pioneer Ne-w England stock. His grandfather, John -Bray ton, was one of the founders of Methodism in this section, -and in honor of Rev. John Summerfleld, one of the early preachers that de-nomination, he was named. John Sum'iierfleld Brayton was born In Swan sea, directly across the bay from the scene of his later labors, on Decem'ber 3, 1826. His parents -were I-srael and Keziah (Anthony) Brayton. Raised amid the usual environments of the farmer's son he was early made acquainted with the virtue of hard work. His boyhood was spent on the homestead farm and -such education as came to 'him was that of the district s(?hool, sup plemented later by more 'advanced courses in the public schools of Fall River. By close application to personal study i-n pri vate he fitted himself for the post of teacher in the district -school, and thus secured -the raeans to study further -at Pierce Academy, Middleboro. By his own efforts Mr. Bray ton fltted for Brown University at the Uni versity Grammar School in Providence, ma triculated at Brown in 1847, and graduated in the class of '51 with honors. Adopting the profession of law, he studied in the of flce of Thomas Dawe Eliot -at New Bedford, took a course -at the Dane Law School of Harvard College, and graduated in 1853. On August 8 of that ye-ar he was admitted to practice in the bar of Suffolk County. Mr. Brayton started practice in Fall River, and with such success that within a year he was elected city solicitor, the first incumbent of the ofiice in the newly-established city. He held the -position till 1857, when he resigned to become clerk -of courts for Bristol County, to which -office he had been elected without opposition and with the unanimous endorse ment of the entire bar. In 1864 he declined renomination and re-entered genera] prac tice, in partnership with James M. Morton, now one of the justices of the Massachu setts Supreme -bench. His sister, Mrs. Mary B. Young, and B. M. C. Durfee, the possessor of tihe largest fortune in Fall River, desired his -counsel and -advice as financial manager, and so rapidly did these demands press upon his time that in 1868 he retired from legal practice -and took up the active management of the estate. He manifested peculiar abil ities for his new responsibilities. With rare judgment in placing investments, 'he com bined -an -aggressive spirit of enterprise whioh made him not only a steadfast conservator of private interests, but -a power for progress in the -community. Having long enjoyed the confidence of the people of -Pall River, his foresight into industiaal opportunity and his ability to coramand unlimited means, made hira the leader in the phenomenal develop ment upon which the city was about to enter. f 166 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER It would be difllcult, df not impossible, to enumerate the industrial and financial ac tivities of -Mr. Brayton. Few enterprises have -been -born in Fall River during his time in w-hich he was not more or less prom inently involved. In 1864 he organized the First National Bank, and was its president to the tirae of his death. In 1887 he formed the B. M. C. Durfee Safe Deposit and Trust Company, -and was its president as long 'as he lived. -He was one of the incorporators of the Durfee Mill in 1865, and from 1872 was its -president. He was for many years at the head of numerous large corporations in Fall River. At the tirae of his death was president of the Araerican Linen Cora pany, the Fall River Manufactory, the Gran ite, Mechanics, Border City and Troy Mills, besides -being a director in many more. At various times he was president of the Fall River M-achine -Company, the Metacomet Mills, the Anawan Mills, and the FaU River Gas Works, and a director ot the American Print Works, and the FaU River Iron Works. He was also a di rector of the Old Colony Railroad and the Old Colony Steamboat Company. Mr. Bray ton was a -m-an of -conservatism, though he never flinched -when his obvious duty de manded courage or even self sacriflce. He seldom took risks till 'he -had applied to the prospective step all the force of careful -an-d studious -consideration. Yet, once deter mined to embark, he never turned back, nor lacked- courage to -push forward. When financial reverses left many -a strong man tottering on the verge of -despair and the whole community wavered before an im pending 'Calamity, Mr. 'Brayton never -fal tered, but threw into the gap all the force he possessed or could comra'and to tide over the crisis. Despite the complex respons-i-bil- ities of Mr. Brayton's -oflfi-cial positions, he al ways found time to assume whatever obliga tions his public spirit im-posed upon -hira. In 1856 he represented Fall River in the General Court, and served as a member of the Governor's Council in 1866, 1867, 1868, 1879 -and 1880, under Governors Bullock, Talbot and Long. At home and elsewhere he was active in many charitable and phil anthropic -movements -and generous in his donations to their funds. He was ome of the founders of the Union Hospital, and several years its president. Though of Methodist ancestry, his own church affiliations were with the First Congregatio-nal Society, and he made -liberal contributions both of his means and personal service to its activities. Nor were -his sy-ra-pat-hy and assistance lim ited to the Congregational denomination, for numerous churches both in Pall River and elsewhere owe -much to his liberality in the Christian -cause. The realra of mere money-getting was not -Mr. Brayton's only world. He was an ardent historian, a patron of art 'and literature and a lover of all that beautifies 'and uplifts. In educational mat ters he manifested a deep concern and when his sister gave to the city the magniflcent B. M. C. Durfee High School, Mr. Brayton devoted to its -creation and earlier -manage ment his best thought, talent 'and attention. In recognition of his notable accomplish ments, Brown University, his -alm-a mater, conferred on hi-m, in 1893, the degree of Doctor of Laws, and from 1898 till his death he was -a PeUow of Brown University. Por eighteen years, frora 1882 to 1900, -he was also a trustee of -Ara-herst CoUege. Mr. Bray ton loved to delve into the traditions and facts of local "hi-s-tory. His knowledge of the Narragansett region probably exceeded that of any other student, and it was one of the unfulfilled purposes of his life to have writ ten a -history of Fall River and vicinity. In v-ario'us 'historical addresses he has left posterity rauch valuable 'material, notably in addresses at the dedication of the Goff Me- ra'orial Hall in Rehoboth, in 1886, and at the banquet of the Pall River 'Sons of Brown University in 1886, the dedication of the Swansea Town Hall in 1891, and the Centen nial Anniversary of the Soraerset M. E. Church in 1902. Mr. Brayton was president of the Old Colony Historical Society for sev eral years, a raeraber of the New England Historic Genealogical Society, a member of the -Rhode Island Historical Society, and sdnce 1898 -a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society. Mr. Brayton imarried, Nove-mber 27, 1855, Sarah Jane Tinkham, a daughter of Enoch and Rebecca (Williams) Tinkham, of Middleboro. They had three children, John Suraraerfield Brayton, Jr., of Paid -River, on whora have devolved some of his father's oflicial responsibilities; Mary Brayton Nichols, -wife of Dr. Charles L. Nichols, of Worcester, and Harriet H. Bray ton, of Fall River. Mr. Brayton died at his home in Fall River on October 30, 1904. He was universally respected and is honored in -cherished memories by all who knew him. As a man of large private responsibil ities and an active 'participant in the con duct of public affairs, Mr. Brayton was a X^^^^:^^^ HISTORY OF FALL RlVER 167 ieaddng fl-gure m tnis section of the State. He had intense interest in and loyalty to those with whom he associated through ties of 'business or civic life. In sympathy only with the best traditions and highest ideals, he entered in a remarkable degree into the successes of -his friends and fellow citizens in every field of worthy achievement. Their nonor was his pride. He delighted to be stow the expression -of recognition for work well done, and in so doing extended an up lifting influence in the community which we can illy afford to lose in these days w-hen commercial gain absorbs -so much of the ambitions of life. DAVID ANTHONY BRAYTON, born in Swansea, Massachusetts, A-pril 2, 1824, was the fifth of the nine children -of Israel and Kezia (Anthony) Brayton, and seventh in descent frora Francis Brayton, who settled in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, in 1643. He received his name from -his grandfather. David -Anthony, the youngest of the eleven sons of Benjamin, w-hose father left Rhode Island and settled in Swansea. In 1713, Pre served Brayton also -purchased land in that part of Swansea, now Somerset, which for several generatio-ns -has been known -as the Brayton Ho-mestead. The greater part of David A. Brayton's boyhood days was spen^ on t-he Homestead farm, and his education was confined within the limits of the dis trict school curriculum and that of the pub Uc schools of F'all River. When not at his studies he worked at various occupations, and in early youth manifested a marked in terest in business developments, w-hich caused -him to look abroad for wider flelds of labor -and enterprise. After teaching school one winter, -he m-ade a business trip to Cuba, and in 1849, during the gold excite ment, sailed in the ship "Mary MitcheU" for California, where he remained several raonths. On his return to FaU River, he entered into partners-hip iwith Mr. Silas Bul- lard, and erected at the corner of Central and Davol streets the Bristol County Flour Mills, the flrst of -their kind in this part of the State. He -also carried on an extensive trade with the West Indies in vessels of which he -was the principal owner. Mr. Brayton, wi-tlh his characteristic foresight, realized the possibility of the great growth of the cotton industry. Cotton mills were already in existence dn Fall River, but their productdo-n did not meet -the demand. In 1805, he originated the idea of erecting a large man-ufactory, and as a result of his business ability and rare jud.gment, the first of the group of Durfee Mills was in full operation on January 1, 1807 ; four years later, Durfee -Mill Number Two was erected; in 1880, Number Three was buUt under his supervision, and these mdUs are a command ing evidence of -his enterprise and respon sibUity. They were named in memory of Bradford Durfee, the father of B. M. C. Durfee, the largest stockholder. From the time of their incorporation until his -death, Mr. Brayton was Treasurer and Manager of the Durfee Mills, which were for many years after his demise one of the largest print Cloth plants dn the country. Mr. Brayton also turned his atte-ntion to -banking, and in 1805, with 'his brother, John S. Brayton and their associates, established the First Na tional Bank of FaU River, one of the flrst to go into operation under the National Banking Law. His faithful and valuable services in behalf of this bank were mani fested by the directors when they placed on record at the time of his death the tribute that "To his remarkable foresight, energy, and high -moral character, this Institution owes its origin and its great success." David A. Brayton held many offices of responsibil ity and confldence. He was director in the Durfee M-ills, First National Bank, Pall River Iron Works Com-pany, Fall River Gas Works Company, -Fall River Machine Company, Me tacomet Manufacturing Company, Fall River and Providence -Steamboat Company, Pall River Manufacturers' Mutual Insurance Com pany, an-d, at t-he time of his death, was President and principal owner in the Arnold Print Works of North -Adams, Massachu setts. Although deeply interested in every thing that pertained to the welfare and growth of the city -and keenly alive to t-he duties of a citizen, Mr. Brayton did not seek public office, and declined re-election after servi-ng one year in the city govern ment. He never lost his fondness for agri cultural pursuits and purchased the large farm in Somerset, now known as Brayton Point, -which he cultivated with pride and success. From this -he did not anticipate remunerative returns, but in its supervisio-n he found much pleasure and recreation. Mr. Brayton was one of the most regular attend ants and -active -members of the First Con gregational Church. He gave freely to the support of Divine Worship, was generously benevolent, and -the worthy sought not aid from him in vain. He had a sensitive feel- 168 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER ing of responsibility and accountability which helped to sustain the just life of a good man. David A. Brayton was married May 1, 1851, to Nancy R. Jenckes, daughter of John and Nancy (Bellows) Jenckes. They had flve children, Nannie Jenckes, David Anthony, John Jenckes, Elizabeth Hitdh- cock, and Dana Dwight Brayton. During the last years of his life Mr. Brayton suflerea fro-m a disease brought on by overwork, and sought to regain his health in foreign lands. He went to Europe in 1880, accom panied -by members of his faraily, -but the best of huraan skill was of no -avail, and he died in London, England, on the twentieth day of August, 1881, in the flfty-eighth year of -his age. David 'Anthony Brayton was -a m-an of courage and vigor; accurate, prom-pt in all his dealings, and an acknowledged leader -of -men. He was endowed with ster ling integrity, great business energy, and un- mtermitted application. His sagacity and undaunted perseverance were appreciated by his associates, 'and 'his advice and opin ion were often sought by many older in the commercial world. His associates have said of 'him, "With large capacity for affairs, quick in apprehension, broad in conception, prompt and bold in execution, 'he was a re cognized power -and force which accom- pli'shed results -and challenged respect. To these -chara-cteristics of -mind and tempera ment were added loyalty to conviction, in- te'grity, ind-ustry, and "unfl-a.gging zeal in what ever he undertook." His integrity of life sound judgment, and energy of will made him successful in business, wise in council, quick to discern the true from the false, honorable in friendship, -prompt to denounce fraud and deception dn 'all relations of life." HON. ROBERT THOMPSON DAVIS flrst saw Pall River from the top of a Boston stage coach as he passed through, late one afternoon, in 1830, on his way to visit -his brother, in Tiverton. AU the way from -his home, in Ameshury, he had pictured in his thirteen-year-old imagination the thriving Uttle factory viUage, and the realization of nis dreams were gratifying. Little did -he dream, however, that the future of -that vil lage, -and his own, would be inseparably linked, and as the vHlage grew to 'a great city he would rise to be one of its most distinguished and influential citizens. Dr. Davis was born in the province of Ulster, North of Ireland. His parents were Scotch-Iri'S-h, his father a Presbyterian and his raother a birthright Quaker. Years be fore his birth they had come to America, had lived several years on Long Island, where 'tw-o children were born, but 'had then returned to the old country to appease the home-sickness of the mother. Six months later, on August 28, 1823, Robert was born. When he was three years of -age his parents again crossed the ocean and settled in Ames- bury, where the lad grew up. His father was at flrst an overseer, and later superintend ent of a woollen mill, sufflciently well-to-do to give his so-n a creditable education in the Amesbury Academy, and later under the direction of -private teachers. It was during -a period of feeble health, in his thirteenth year, that Robert came to Tiver ton to visit his -brother. In a somewhat pro- lon'ged stay he -m-ade several acquaintances which later proved dominating factors in his Ufe and bound nim to Fall Itlver. First of all was "Uncle Joe" Durfee, with whom they boarded, -and -through whom he came to tne attention of Dr. Thomas Wilbur, who later became his sponsor in medical practice, an-d eventually his father-in-law. When Robert and his brother left Tiverton, it was to con tinue their edu-catio-n at the Friends' School, in Providence, though neither graduated. When Robert was sixteen. Dr. Wilbur per suaded hira to study medicine under his guidance and dn his office. Then for two years -he studied at the Tremont street med ical -school in Boston, m-atricu-lated at Har vard medical school, and graduated in the class of 1847. Immediately after grad uation he became resident physician at the old Fort Hill Dispensary, in Boston. WhUe thus occupied he gained valuable ex perience in the treatment of the ship fever epidemic which was imported from Ireland, in 1847, by immigrants from the famine -dis tricts. Upon leaving the dispensary he ac cepted an -opening for private practice at Waterville, Me., and remained in that town nearly three years. In 1850, -Dr. Davis lo cated in Fall River permanently. Por over thirty years he practiced here with notable success, gaining a reputation which brought him one of the l.a-ge-st clienteles in the city. As a student of complicated cases and a pioneer along advanced professional paths, he was a recognized leader. Before he had been in Fall River four years he was placed in full charge of the epidemic of Asiatic cholera which raged here several weeks, and alone handled nearly a hundred cases of the dreaded and generally fatal malady. He was Hon. Robert T. Davis, Former Membzt o," Congress J70 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER probably the first physician to successfully apply nutritive injections as a substitute for normal nutritive processes in acute stomach trouble. -In 1873, when the Slade's ferry bridge was under construction, the "caisson disease" flrst oocurred in Massachusetts. Dr. Davis was placed in charge of the cases by the Old Colony Railroad -at the request of the president of the Massachusetts Med ical Society, and imade a report embracing the -history -a-nd treatment of the disease to the councillors -of the society. Dr. Davis has been -since 1847 a member of the Massachu setts Medical Society, and iwas for several years one of its councillors. He was for many years a member of the National Med ical Association, and the National Public Health Association, and since 1850 a mem ber of the Bristol County South Medical So ciety, of which 'he W'as for two years presi dent. He has also been for many years an honorary mem'ber of the Harvard Medical Alumni Associ-ation. Despite his large prac tice. Dr. Davis always found time to per form his full duty as a public-spirited citi zen. In 1851, before he had even become a legal voter in Fall River, he made a speech at -a public meeting of Fall River's citizens, which led -directly to the adoption of reso lutions instructing the four Fall River repre sentatives i-n the General Court to vote for Charles Sumner for the United States Sen ate, rather than the Whig candidate, Robert C. Winthrop. As -a result, one of the four, N. 'B. Borden, -dhanged his vote, and broke the deadlock which h-ad tied the election for several days. Speaking at a dinner in mem ory of Charles Sumner, in 1894, the late Senator Hoar, enumerating thirty-one of the leading citizens of Massachusetts who had taken active part in driving out slavery, men tioned -among them Dr. Davis, who is to-day the sole survivor of the group. Senator Hoar referred to him as the man, "to whose speech when a young -ma-n, in the FaU River town meeting, the instruction was owing which decided the great contest when Mr. Sumner -was elected Senator in 1851." Dr. Davis, raised among Quaker influences, par ticularly of such shining lights as the poet Whittier, who was an intimate friend of -his parents, naturally imbibed that spirit of lib erty which found its expression in the early '50s in the -abolition movement. His first vote dn 1844, was for James G. Birney, the Libe-rty party's candidate for the Presidency, and as the Republican -party came to the front. Dr. Davis allied himself with it, and has remained loyal to it all his life. Once 1-a-unche-d in public affairs. Dr. Davis became a prominent factor. In 1851 he was elected a -member of the Pall River school com mittee. In 1853 -he -was one of Fall River's four delegates in the M-assaohusetts con-sti- tutienal convention of that year, most of whose resolutions were later adopted by the Legislature and -the -people. In the Fall of 1858, Dr. Davis was elected to the M-assa- chuse-tts Senate and sat in the sessions of 1859, where he was chairman of the com mittee on -charitable institutions and a mem ber of 'the comm'ittee on towns. He was a member of the recess committee, which con sidered the report of the commission on the revision of 'the statutes and recommended action to the special session of that year. Dr. Davis -declined re-election at the end of his terra, in accord'ance with a. promise made before election. But dn the Fall of 1860 he accepted the nomination again, and was elected to the Senate of 1861. He was chair- m'an of the coramittee on education and a me-mber of the committee of -advisers to the Governor. It was he who introduced, by re quest of Governor Andrew, the resolution for the appointment of peace commissioners to attend a convention in Washington in an endeavor to preserve peace. He was chair man of the committee on the abolition of capital punishment, wrote its re-port and drafted the bill which was adopted by the Sen-ate but later defeated in the House, the nearest Massachusetts ever came to abolish ing the death penalty. During the stormy discussions attendant upon the adoption of the conventional line between Massachusetts and Rhode Island, Dr. Davis was the leading champion of the commissioners' report and succeeded in having it established. He also led the FaU River forces who sought unsuc cessfully to prevent the extension of the Old Colony Railroad to Newport, fearing that it would involve the removal of the New' York steamboat terminus from this city, whose citizens had been instrumental in projecting the Une, and largely owned it. The ter minal was removed for -a time, but shortly afterwards returned, when FaU River's ad vantages became evident. During the early days of the Civil War, Dr. Davis, regardless of his Quaker principles, assisted in the for mation of the Seventh Massachusetts Regi ment, -and intended going to the front -as surgeon. -Before -the com-mand was mus tered, however, he retired in favor of -a rela tive of the colonel who 'had been -especially HISTORY OF FALL RIVER I7J desirous of securing the appointment. Early in the war Governor Andrew appointed Dr. Davis -medical examiner of recruits for this district, and later examiner of appli cants for exemption fro-m military duty on -account of p'hysioal 'disability. In this latter capacity Dr. Davis did Fall River a valuable service by preventing a draft much dn ex cess of the city's legal obUgation, through securing from Governor Andrew a re-exam ination after the official proceedings had closed. Dr. Davis was one of the three FaU River surgeons who, in obedience to a call from Washington, -after the second -battle of Bull Run, went to Alexandria and assisted in treating t-he wounded. In 1803, when the State Board of Charities was first created. Dr. Davis was -appoiinte-d -by Governor An drew one of the -members, -but resigned the following year, 'when, on account of ill health, he removed to New York. For four years -thereafter, Dr. Davis was a resident of New York City, a member of the wool importing firm of Murray & Davis, of which his elder brother was the 'head. Ill health, however, prevented the doctor's active par- ticipiation in the business. In 1868 he re turned to Fall River and resumed his prac tice. Almost iraraediately Governor Claflin again, drew hira into the public service by appointing hira -a member of the newly-or ganized State -Board of Health, When this bo-ard was merged into -the State ^oard of Health, Lunacy and Charity, Dr. Davis was made a raember of that commission, serving tUl 1884, when he resigned on account of -having taken his seat in Congress. The Mas sachusetts Board of Health is one of the most important, if not the most important, institution in the 'history of public sanita tion, being the -pioneer State board of health in the whole country and -a -model for all others. By its unceasing energy for the highest sanitary ideals it long ago won the confidence and gratitude -of the Common wealth. Dr. Davis -has always regarded his long merabership on the board as perhaps his -highest honor in public -service. During Dr. 'Davis' members'hip on these 'boards he took -a prominent part in their activities, especially -in the work of reforming ab-at- toir methods in the vicinity of Boston. In 1879, when Massaohusetts and New York were engaged in -a somewhat strenuous con troversy as to their relative liability for alien paupers, -Dr. Davis was one of the two commissioners on the part of Massachusetts at a conference in New York in which an effort -was made to adjust t'he differences. It w-as- 'during -his service on this board that the famous controversy occurred between the board -and -Governor Butler. In 1873, w-hen Fall River was facing the problems of her most sensatio-nal -development, and all parties united dn seeking wise counsels Davis was nominated for Mayor, and elected, the only Mayor in the city's history elected without opposition. His term of offlce was m-arked -by -singular harmony, despite the fact that many radical improvements were aocoraplis-hed -at that tirae, in recognition that the city was destined to became far greater than -had ever before been dreamed. Pleasant and North Main -streets were both widened for almost two miles, Columbia street was also widened, and several other main thoroughfares were widened or relo cated lin aocord-ance with their future needs. The city's water works, already under con struction, were finished and made ready for the general distribution of water. Phineas Ball, the eminent drainage engineer, was retained, and planned the city's present ex cellent -and -adequate sewerage syste-m. Three engine houses, three police stations, and -three school houses were -authorized dn that year. The new -Cdty Hall, reconstructed fro-m the old tow-n m-arket, -was completed and dedicated with -appropriate ceremonies. Free text 'books were introduced in the pub lic schools. Fall River being the first city to -adopt the statute permitting such an ex penditure of the public funds, an action taken in accordance with a recommendation of the Mayor. At the close of -his term. Dr. Davis, in 'accordance 'with -an early avowed determination, declined a renomination and Qo-nated his salary to the -Children's Home. As early as 1868, Dr. Davis was mentioned as a candidate for Congress, but discouraged the suggestion. In 1874 he was one of four oandi-dates, however, -and stood second in the convention which nominated Hon. Wil liam W. Crapo. Mr. Crapo -served four terms, and dn 1882, when he retired -and ran for -Governor, Dr. Davis was nominated by unanimous con-se-nt. He was elected by a large majority, and was twice afterward re-eleoted, serving in the Forty-eighth, Forty- ninth and Fiftieth Congresses. In Congress, Dr. Davis -was one of the most energetic members ever sent from this district, not only in the interests of his district, but as a promoter of National interests. He suc ceeded Hon. John -D. Long as -the New Eng land member of the committee on commerce, 172 HISTORY OF FALL RlVER and was a me-mber of the committee on ex penditures in the navy department during the early days of the creation of the -new navy. It was Dr. Davis who flrst introduced into Congress -a resolution favoring a con stitutional -amendment to permit Congress to regulate the hours of labor throughout the counti'y. He has subsequently become of t'he opinion that such a regulation would be constitutional without amendment, and has for several years been an ardent advo cate of the passage of a federal statute, urg ing it pubUcly 'before a -conference of labor leaders and manufacturers and at a hearing before the National labor commissioners. He made a stirring speech on the needs of tiie life saving service -and succeeded, in the face of strong opposition from the chair man -and others of his own -committee, in securing an ap-propr-iation for sixteen more life saving -stations at a time when there were -already twenty provided for but not built. He succeeded in having a medical commissioner appointed to investigate the proposition -to combat yellow fever by innoc- ulation, and thereby prevented the comrait- raent of the government to a fallacious theory. W-hen President Cleveland was im portuning Congress for more -power to enable -him to deal more, efflcien-tly with Canada in the fisheries -disputes. Dr. D-avis made one ot the -most interesting speeches of the ses sion in favor of a more aggressive use of the powers the President -already enjoyed. H:e made a strong speech in reference to the French spoliation claims. For -his own district he secured numerous lighthouses, a new lightship for Nantucket great round shoal, a telegraph cable between Nantucket and the mainland, a new post-offlce for -New Bedford, an appropriation for a marine hos- p-i-t-al at Vineyard Haven, a refuge station for the Arctic whalemen at Point Barrow, Al aska, jetties for the harbor of Vineyard Haven and pension bills galore for deserv ing veterans and their widows. During his Congressional terms he introduced 103 bills and resolutions, made 33 reports, deUvered 17 -speeches on the floor and secured appro- priatio-ns aggregating $459,000. Some of his speeches, especially o-n the Ufe saving ser vice and -the Canadian fisheries, attracted National attention. Dr. Davis declined a renomination for Congress in 1888. Immedi ately on 'his return to Massachuse'tts, Gov emor Ames imade him a member of the newly created MetropoUtan Sewerage Com mission, on which he served for three years. Dr. Davis enjoys the unusual distinction of having been a delegate to three presidential conventions, 'all of whose candidates were elected. In 1860 he was a delegate to the Repu-blica-n convention at Chicago, and though with the rest of the Massachusetts delegates, he at first favored the nomination of WiUiara H. Seward, he eventually voted for the noraination of Abraham Lincoln. In 1876 he w-as a delegate to the Cincinnati convention which nominated Rutherford B. Hayes. In 1904 -he was a delegate to the Chicago convention -w'hich nominated Theo dore Roosevelt. At this -convention, his Mas sachusetts colleagues presented him -a hand some gold-headed cane in recognition of his veteran Republicanism. Dr. Davis has been as much -a leader in Pall River's industrial life as in politics. He has -always enter tained 'an -abiding faith in the city and its great industry which he never hesitated -to maintain with 'his means and even -a liberal exercise of his credit. His purse has always been open to the development -of new enter prises and his operations -have generally been s-ucces-s-ful. There have been times when prospects looked dark, but Dr. Davis never wavered in his courage and has been rewarded by ultimate success on the -part of his ventures. Large as Dr. Davis' medi cal practice w-as, it was only indirectly the b-asis of his fortune. Contem-poraries testify freely -of his liberality dn treating the sick, and declare truly that he never enforced the payment -of a doctor's bill; among the de serving poor seldom presenting any. It was his investments which enabled him to retire from active -practice while yet in his prime. In 1870, Dr. Davis purchased the "Scotch Hole,'' -a tract of some thirty or forty acres in the eastern 'part of the -city, largely lying under the waters of Watuppa Pond. Men laughed at him and predicted his -downfall for having invested $12,000 in such a worth less swamp. Yet the doctor had fadth that Pall River would grow and that his land would be in demand. To-day no less -than four great cotton mills are located on it, the Parker, Barnaby, Arkwright and Davis mills. With others he made simil-ar fortunate pur chases of land in the eastern -and southern portions of -the city, and such establishments as the Wampanoag, Flint, Laurel Lake and Kerr Thread m-Uls, the Globe Yarn mill, the Algonquin Print works, and the Marshall hat factory stand to-day on land, the avail ability of which they foresaw and secured. Whenever Dr. Davis sold mill sites, he never HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J 73 accepted cash in payment, preferring to ac cept stock in the new corporations and trust the future for returns. Generally he sub scribed in -cash for stock in such -mills in addition to -the value of -his land. He never hesitated to -borrow large sums to assist the flotation -of new enterprises in which -he had faith. Before he realized it, he had be come one of the city's largest investors in m-anufacturing properties. At the present time Dr. -Davis is president of the Stafford and Wampanoag corporations, a director in tne Merchants' and -Stevens' mills and a stockholder in those and the Luther and Davis mills. He is also president of the Al gonquin Print Works. Despite his associa tion with mill management. Dr. Davis has always been an inflexible champion of the rights of the operatives. He -has op'posed cut-downs, and by his personal efforts has prevented more than one such compact among the treasurers. The only voluntary advances in 'wages made in this city with out any demand from the operatives, were voted on his motion in the Manufacturers' Association on two occasions. When the flrst attempt was made to limit the legal working day to ten hours. Dr. Davis actively advocated the passage of the law. Again, w-aen the legal week was reduced from sixty to flfty-elght hours, it was his personal in fluence which prevented the contemplated reduction in day pay. Dr. Davis has always been active in social and business circles. He was -one of the founders and the flrst president of the Com-mercial Club, which later was changed to the Quequechan Club, of w-hich he is still a raeraber. He was for many years a member of the Home Market Club, of Bosto-n, and -was its president in 1904 and 1905, two of its most influential years. He was one of those ¦n^o in 1871 ¦pledged -the city to -a -donation of $20,000 for the relief of Mississippi flood sufferers. He was for many years a member of t'he Union League -Club, of New York. In t'he days of the Fall River Board of Trade, he was its -president for several years. He was one of the early founders of the Union Hos-pital, served several years as its -presi dent and is still one of its trustees. He es tablished the Davis Prize Fund as an incen tive to public school pupils in their studies, and is -deeply interested in educational activ ities of the city. 'Dr. Davis has always been in demand as a public speaker. While in the Senate, in 1859, he achieved no little reputation from his address in Tremont Tem ple before an audience of 5,000 people, me- raoralizing the virtues of John Brown, on the evening following the execution of the fa mous 'abolitionist The address, as printed in Garriso-n's -historic "Liberator," shows how clearly Dr. Davis grasped the trend of public affairs, and how forcibly he could dis cuss the issues of the impending struggle. He -delivered -an address on the occasion of the dedication of the Fall River City HaU. He was the orator on Fall River's flrst Me morial Day observance in 1808. In 1880, when the centennial of the adoption of the Constitution of Massachusetts was observed by the public school children of the city. Dr. Davis delivered the address. He deliv ered an address before the Grand Army, raemoriaUzing General Sherman and Ad miral Porter. On July 4. 1888, he was the orator -at the unveiling, in Amesbury, of a monument to Josiah Bartlett, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. During the National Republican convention at Chicago, in 1904, he was one of the speak ers at the banquet of the Chicago New Eng land Society. Dr. Davis was twice married. His flrst wife was Sarah, daughter of Dr. Thomas Wilbur. They were married on October 1, 1848, and six years later she died. -A son, born of the union, died in dn- fan-cy. In 1802, Dr. Davis married Susan A. Haig*ht, of New-castle, N, Y. She died in 1900, leaving one son, Robert C. Davis, a graduate of Harvard, and now practicing law in this city, as a member of the firm of Jackson, Sl-ade & Borden. HON. JOHN T. COUGHLIN.— Prom er rand boy in a newspaper offlce, hUl boy in the -days of -horse cars, and car driver at 17, to he Mayor -of the city of his birth, is the interesting record of John T. Cough lin, Mayor of Fall River. He worked "out his own salvation" by dint of grit, determi nation, ambition and manhood until he -has been acclaimed as one of the very best executives in the history of the city, sur prising his -best friends and confounding the -prophets of eVil -who arose during the campaign which culminated in his triumph against -a political sentiment adverse to Democratic can-didacies ordinarily. The multifarious duties have been discharged and the weighty responsibilities of the mayoralty -have been borne with an intelli gence -and efflciency that 'have raade an impress upon the public mind that is ex ceptional, and have stamped the administra- 174 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER tion as one of economical deeds and fruitful results. John T. Coughlin is a son of Thomas and Miargaret (Foley) Coughlin, who left Ireland in the early fifties and chose Fall River 'as the place of their new home in the new world. He was born the flrst day of January, 1873. He gave early evi- -dence -of t-he largeness of intellect by which 'his 'professional and public careers 'have been measured. Family necessities obliged him to complete hds career as a school-boy in liis llth year. His first employment was as errand -boy dn the "Herald" offlce. He found the life too irksome, -and so he pro ceeded to gratify his love of -horses by be coming a hiU boy for the Globe Street Radl- vmj Company. WhUe he was so engaged 'he won friends who have stood by him since in law and politics. At 17 the youth was made a driver, the youngest ever to hold the reins in the company's employ, just as he is one -of the youngest to occupy ,the mayoralty -chair. Promotion stimulated his ambition to advance and fostered his aspiration to be a lawyer. As a preliminary preparation the young man attended a business school and profited by t'he time he gave to study. Then followed eighteen months of careful delving among the books in the law offlce of Hugo A. Dubuque, under whose careful instruc tion and watchfulness the student quaUfied for admission to the -Boston University. He studied hard, was regular in his attendance at the lectures, and displayed the -aptitude which is an essential for success in the legal profession. He was graduated in 1900, and in Septe-mber of the same year was ad mitted to the Massachusetts bar. During his law school days he became interested in the -welfare of the railway men of this city and elsewhere in the State, and the time between graduation and the beginning of practice was spent in organizing them on a -conservative basis. In appreciatiim of his efforts and in recognition of his old association -with them as an employee, Mr. CoughUn was elected the flrst president of the local branch. He was responsible for the form-ation of a State alliance of the various locals, and as the head of the body toe was instruimental in obtaining an in crease in wages and improvem-ent in ser vice conditions for all the e-mployees of the Boston & Northern and Old Colony systems. Hds influence was felt in the negotiations carried on in the spring of 1906 for further concessions. Before the young man was of a^-e -he wais interested in politics. That in terest broadened with age -and experience, until he came to -be recognized as one of the leading men in the Democratic party in M'assachusetts. 'His first trial as 'a 'candi date for an elective office took 'place in the fall of 1901, when he accepted the nomina tion for the Senate despite an unpromising outlook frora a Democratic viewpoint. There was vigor dn the cam-paign that was waged, and Republican control -of the district -was retained by a greatly re-duced majority. Subsequently Mr. Coughlin iwas chosen chairman of the city coraraittee of the Dem ocratic party. He proved to be a harmonizor as well as -an efficient manager. In 190-i, notwithstanding that the Republicans had met with unvarying success in municipal elections for about a -decade, there were three aspirants for the Demooraiio nomina tion for Mayor. After a spirited contest at the caucuses, the subject of this sketch o'o- tained -a majority of the votes. In the few weeks intervening before the election, he showed his ability as a campaigner and speaker in a manner to arouse the respect and win the good opinion of the opposition. Although respectful in his language in deal ing with the record which hai been sub raitted to the citizens for judgmen':, he dealt with the issues unsparingly. The result was that he W'as the winner of public confldence by a substantial vote over that of his Re publican competitor. Mayor Cou.ghlin began well, and has continued well. Offensive par tisanship was eschewed from the flrst, for the Mayor recognized that his success was in many respects non-partisan. His inaugu ral message appealed to the Aldermen and the citizens, and his selections for the ap pointive offices were of a high character. Fall River was in the throes of the greatest strike in its' history at the beginning of 1905. A problem was presented that would have dismayed a less aggressive executive. Mayor Coughlin perceived the need of at tempting to -compose the difficulty, which had continued from July, 1904, and his ef forts were directed to that end. Conferences with Governor W. A. Douglas resulted in such intervention that a common ground was reached between capital an J labor, and the operatives returned to the factories The same energy w-as brought into requisi tion in dealing -with other niatt9;-s of serious import. For years the municipality paid for the removal of snow piled up by the plows of the railway company. Throu.^h HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 175 Mayor Coughlin's insistence an agreement was entered into for a division of the cost. In his first me-ssage -he advocated special provision for the care and treatment of tuberculous charges of the city. The Alder men 'were impressed by the force of the reasoning, -and appropriated the money for shacks such 'as are maintains .1 in other places where cons-um-ption is treated scien- tiflcally. -On receipt of news of the San Francisco catastrophe, the Mayor called to gether several citizens, and steps were taken for the raising of a fund, with commendable results. If he h-as had a -hobby it is that of improved streets. By 'persistently riding it with the superintendent of the hignway department, he wrought a much needed change in -conditions. As it has been with the highways, so it has been with otiier departments — unflagging interest ha-i been taken -and every endeavor .-lirected to con serving the -well-being of the municipality governmentally an-d industrially His useful ness in this respect found forcible and no table expression during the wage agitation that developed in October, 1905. Mayor Coughlin rushed into the breach when all the portents indicated a renewal of the bit ter w-arfare which had terminated in Jan uary, got the two factors to deliberate, and had the ineffa'ble satisfaction of seeing them adopt an agreement out of which was evolved the sliding scale. Pu-blic estimate of tihe young executive is well reflected in an editorial in the Fall River "Herald" which appC'ared after the corapletion of the flrst 'half of his term. "Upon t'he whole," said the -article, "he has given the oity a conservative administration, and his friends have reason to look upon it with a large measure of satisfaction, larger, it is sus pected, than -some of them -anticipated a year ago. He -has shown a disposition to Usten to councils, and has not undertaken radical policies of any sort." He is unmar ried, and is a meraber of the household of Captain Patrick H. Doherty, of the police department, who is his brother-in-law. The Mayor has -a flnely selected library, -and in his books he flnds relaxation from offlcial and professional cares. HON. -NATHANIEL BRIGGS BORDEN.— For -many years the narae -of Borden has been -prominent in Fall River, -and to-day the descendants of that famous name live up to t'he high standards set 'by the eariy memibers of the family. The subject of this sketch was among tihe early cotton men of Massachusetts, and -helped among others to bring that industry to its present state of perfection. H-e -was -born April 15, 1801, in Freetown, now Pall River. -Simeon Borden, his father, was also born in Freetown in 1759 and continued to reside -there until 1800, when he remove'd to Tiverton, R. I., w-h-ere he died November 27, 1811. The B-ord-en family have been great cotton manu facturers, -and Simeon Borden was one of the flrst to embark in that business. Our subject was only flve years of age when his father removed to Tiverton, and his youth was spent on the farm. He was edu cated at the Plainfleld Academy in Con necticut. The young man was a great stu dent and reader and paid particular atten tion to the works on good government and speeches of great statesmen, ancient and modern. Mr. Borden began the early -pur chase of mill sites and the adjoining lands near Tiverton. He bought the lands, includ ing the falls west of Main street, where the Gra'nite block and the Pocasset Mills now stand. He was one of the organizers of the Pocasset Mills, and the company made a business encouraging and assisting young and struggling manufacturers. Fall River needs men like him to-day badly. In 1825 the Satinet Mill was built, and in 1820 a stone building was erected on the site of the old engine room of the Pocasset Mill, where the old Quequechan -Mill formerly stood. Then followed the building of the Massasoit, -which is known as the Watuppa Holder Borden w-as at that time one of the le-ading manufacturers, and all these mills were leased to -him -for a long -period. In this way the company which was forraed by Mr. Borden, our subject, really -be.gan the early -cotton business in this vicinity. Mr. Borden was a great business man and was continuously engaged in building factories, dwellings and business houses for -raany years. In 1834 he was elected to -Congress and has the -distinction of being the flrst citizen of Fall River ever chosen for that high office. In 1836 'he was re-elected to the Twenty-flfth Congress by a large raa jority. After several years of retireraent Mr. Borden was again chosen by his many friends as their c-hoice for Congress and was elected once more to the Twenty-sev enth Congress. He declined re-election. In 1847 Mr. Borden was chosen president of the Pall River Railroad. He was connected with the Pall River steamboat line to New Hon. Nathaniel Briggs Borden HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J 77 York, which was established about the time he was president of the Fall River Railroad. Mr. Borden was a member of the Legisla ture and in 1856 he was the people's choice for Mayor during the trying times of 1856 and 1857. He was a good executive and one of the best Mayors the city ever had. Many iraproveraents and public utitlties were be gun and some of them -flnis'hed under his watchful eye. Mr. Borden was Alderman from 1859 up to the time of his death in 1805. He was president of the Pall River Bank, -which position he held at the time of his de-mise. He was married four times, and by his flrst wife he had five children. His second wife was Louisa Gray, whom he married Decemher 10, 1840. On February 12, 1843, he married his third wife, Sarah G. Buffum. By this marriage he had one son. His fourth wife was Lyd-a A. Slade, of Soraerset, M-ass. She was the widow of John WUbur, of Fall River, whom he married in March, 1855. JONATHAN THAYER LINCOLN.— For over half -a century the name of Kilburn & Lincoln has -been prominent in the busi ness affairs of Fall River. The success of the business is largely due to the efforts of Jonathan T. Lincoln, one of t'he founders of the house. Mr. Lincoln was a member of one of the Taunton families of Lincolns, whose ancestors were among the first set tlers of Bristol County. He was a son of Caleb and Mercy (Thayer) Lincoln and was born in Taunton October 17, 1805. Their other children were Nellie, born 1788 -and died 1805; Nancy, -born 1789, died 1874; WilUam, born 1790, died 1822; Betsey, born 1792, died 1882; Hannah, -bom 1793, died 1874; Leontine, born 1796, died 1820; Maria, torn 1798, died 1822; Naroissa, born 1800, died 1827; Caleb Martin, borri 1802, died 1835; Lorenzo, born 1803, and Mercy' Em- meline, 1810. Caleb Lincoln was a farmer and a miller, living on a farm in what was then known as Westville, Taunton, which had been in the possession of -his family since their settlement in 1652. He was a soldier of the Revolutionary War. Caleb's father was William Lincoln, who married Hannah Wade. Their children — Zilphy, Sally, Lurana, Rebecca, Deborah and -Caleb. William's father was Thomas Lincoln, who married Rebecca Walker; their children — William, Silas, Nathan and Tabitha. The family came to Taunton from Hing ham. It is an interesting fact that nearly all the Lincoln families In the Un-lted States trace with more or less directness, t'heir first settlement to Hingham. Hon. Solo-mon Lincoln, in a monograph of the Lincoln families of Massachusetts, claims that all the Lincolns in that State are de scendants of the Lincolns who settled in Hingham in 1636—1638. He says: "We have evidence of authentic records that the early settlers of Hingham of tihe narae of Lincoln were four, bearing the name of Thomas, distinguished from each other by their occupations, as miller, -weaver, cooper, an-d husbandman. Stephen, brother of the husbandman; David and Samuel, brothers of the weaver." He -adds: "Our claim is that the early settlers of Hingham, above enumerated, were the progenitors of all the Lincolns of this country." Prom Hingham the Lincolns trace their early home to Nor folk, England. Jonathan T. Lincoln re ceived his early education at the Westville pu-blic schools and at -the private school of Rev. Alvin Cobb. He went to work for his -brother William, who, with a cousin, Benjamin Lincoln, had begun t-he business of spinning cotton in what was called the Shovel-Cake Factory at Westville. At the age of 18 he was ap'prenticed to David Per ry, who owned a machine shop on the White Birch stream in Dighton. He learned the machinists' trade. Which had been -his choice from boyhood. After his apprenticeship ex pired, at the age of 21, with a new suit of clothes and fifty dollars in money, the usual payraent to apprentice 'boys in those days, he left Taunton for Pawtucket, where he found employment at the machine shop of David Wilkinson, -where he worked for about three years. He next removed to Taunton, where -he lived about a year. He carae to Fall River in 1829 and in 1831 was em ployed as 'a master mechanic by -the Massa soit MUl Co. In 1845-46 the Massasoit company reraoved its machinery to its new mill on Davol street. The Watuppa decided to fill its raill with iraproved machinery for the manufacture of cotton goods, and en gaged Mr. Lincoln to build a part of the looms, which he did in the machine shop of the mill. The job of looms was divided into three parts. Mr. Lincoln had at first a third, and Mr. John Kilburn a third, with the understanding with the company -that the one who completed his part first should have the re-maining third to make. Mr. Lincoln was t-he successful competitor, and, therefore, made two-mirds of the looms. The Jonathan Thayer Lincoln HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J79 style of the loom was known as the "Fall River loom." In 1844 John Kilburn, a native of New Hampshire, began in Fall River the manufacture of cotton looms and the Four neyron turbine, the latter a French inven tion which was being introduced into the New England mills as a water-motor. He h-ad been in business but a short time when his health failed, and -he died in 1846. Short ly after his death -a co-partnership was form ed, comprising his widow, -his brother, Elij-ah C, and Mr. Lincoln, which succeeded to the -business he had been engaged in estab lishing. The firm, which was called E. C. Kilburn & Co., manufactured turbines, shaft ing and various kinds of machinery for print works and iron mills. Mr. Kilburn had charge of the offlce work and Mr. Lincoln, the mechanical. The business fiourished and the firm continued until 1856, when a new flrm, Kilburn, Lincoln & Son, was form ed, consisting of Mr. Kilburn, -Mr. Lincoln and his oldest son, Henry C. Lincoln. The younger Mr. Lincoln brought to the busi ness a practical knowledge of mechanics and a thorough business training. In 1859 Mr. Lincoln made an extensive tour through the Southern States, his firm having buUt up -a large business throughout that part of tne country. In 1867 it was found necessary to enlarge their quarters, and they decided to add a foundry to their works. To insure the new feature being a success, Mr. Charles P. Dring, -who 'had been superintendent of the Fall River Iron Works Corapany for many years, became ,'a|so'cdated with them. The name was chapgefl to Kilburn, Lincoln & Co. and became incorporated in 1868. Mr. Lincoln's son-in-law, Andrew Lusco'mb, was also admitted to the corporation. Mr. Lin coln was elected president and remained so until his death. Mr. Kilburn was elected treasurer, which position he held until 1872. January, 1869, Mr. Kilburn disposed of the larger part of -hds interest and subsequently all of it to the other members, and in 1872 he was elected treasurer of the King Philip MiUs. -On his retireraent Mr. Lincoln's youngest son, Leontine, was elected treas urer. In 1872 additions were raade to the work 'With a view to the manufacture of looms on a large scale. Since then the com pany has been among the largest of the kind in this country. Since Mr. Lincoln's death his interest has been held by his family. In 1855, Mr. Lincoln became asso ciated with his brother Lorenzo, his nephew James M., and 'his son Edward Lincoln, in the business of paper m-anufacturing at North Dighton. The firm was called L. Lin coln & Co. and succeeded to the business which was e-s-tablished in 1850 by Mr. Lin coln's brothers, Caleb M. and Lorenzo. He retired from the flrm before his death, his son, Edward Lincoln, taking his interest therein. Mr. Lincoln had great faith in PaU River as a cotton manufacturing centre, and w-as one of the original stocltholders in the Union Mill, and was interested in other corporations, and a director in the Tecumseh Mill from the tirae of its organization. Al though he took a deep interest in Fall River and its public aff-airs he was averse to hold ing offlce. He never held -but one, that a member of -the Co-m-mon Council. He was one of the oldest merabers of Mount Hope Lodge of Masons of which he was treasurer for many years. In politics he was a Free Soil Whig, before the formation of the Re publican party, w-hen he became a raember of that party. T-he Fall River "News" closed an editorial notice -at the tirae of his death, as follows: "Mr. Lincoln was held in great estee-m -and respect by his fellow citizens. He had the reputation of being an ingenious an-d skillful mechanic and a business man whose integrity was unquestioned. He was a worthy and valuable citizen, whose loss must be -felt" LEONTINE LINCOLN, son of Jonathan Thayer and -Abby (Luscomb) Lincoln, was born in Fall River, December 26, 1846. Dur ing his boyhood he attended the Fall River public schools, and later a private school at Providence, R. I. Mr. Lincoln began busi ness at the age of nineteen, when he entered the counting room of Kilburn, Lincoln & Son, w-hich flrra was incorporated in 1868 as Kilburn, Lincoln & Co., of which corporation his father -was president (later succeeded in the presidency by his oldest son, H. C. Lin coln). The concern -was then, and still is, a large raanufacturer of cotton and silk ma chinery. Mr. Lincoln has been in the direc tion of some of t-he leading manufacturing and banking interests of the city. Including the -Seaconnet, Tecumseh, King Philip, Har graves, Parker and Arkwright mills, Bar nard Manufacturing Company, Peabody Man ufacturing Co-mpany, Davis Mills and Luther Manufacturing Company; also the Massa soit-Pocasset National Bank. He is presi dent of the 'Seaconnet MUls Corporation, president of the Hargrave Mills, and the Parker MUls, Davis Mills, Luther Manufac- Leontine Lincoln htSTORY OF FALl RIVER )8J turing Company, Fall River Five Cents Sav ings Bank, and trustee of the Home for Aged People. He was president of the Second National Bank for about twenty years until the expiration of Its charter, in 1872, Mr. Lincoln succeeded E. C. Kilburn as treas urer of 'the Kilburn, Lincoln & Co. Corpora tion, and -still retains this connection, which now covers a period of thirty-four years. Andrew Luscomb, Mr. Lincoln's brother-in- law, -succeeded to the presidency of Kilburn, Lincoln & -Co. -upon the death of Henry C. Linicoln, in 1884, and on the death of Mr. Luscomb, in 1903, Mr. Lincoln foUowed in that office. His active interest in the edu cational institutions of Fall River has long been manifest, and he has served as a raem ber of the School Committee twenty-four years and its chairman sixteen years. He is also a memiber -and secretary of the Board of Trustees of the B. M. C. Durfee High School. He has been a meraber of the Board of Trustees of the Public Library for twenty- eight years, during which time he has served as secretary and treasurer of t-he Board, and is now its president. He has 'been president of the Bradford Durfee Textile School since its establishment in 1899. Mr. Lincoln has written and spoken on educational, industrial and political subjects. He has been a mem ber of the State Board of Charity, forraerly known as the 'State Board of Lunacy and Charity, since 18.94, and has -been chairman of the Board since 1898. He is a member of 'the Old Colony Historical Society and the American Librarians' Association; was a delegate to the Republican National Con vention -in 1896, at St. Louis, which nom inated WiUiam McKinley to the presidency. In 1889, Brown University conferred upon him the honorary degree, A. M. He raarried, im M-ay, 1868, Amelia -S., daughter of John Duncan, D. D., and Mary A. (Macowen) Dun can, and their children are Jonathan Thayer Lincoln and Leontine Lincoln, Jr. JBROMB DWELLY, M. D., was born in Tiverton, R. I., -about -four and one-half miles from the city of Fall River, January 21, 1823. His father, Daniel Dwelly, 2d, was a well known and reputable farmer, and was a di rect descendent of Richard Dwelly, who was one of the early settlers of Plymouth Col ony, who, about 1065, settled in Scituate, Mass., having been in sorae of the neighbor ing towns as early as 1654. He had a grant of land from the Plyraouth Colony for ser vices rendered in King PhUip's War, in 1676. His grandson, Joshua DweUy, a ship carpen ter, removed from Scituate to Swansea, Mass,, -and in about 1700, to Tiverton, R. I. Richard Dwelly, a grandson of Joshua, em igrated from Tiverton, H. I., to Manlius, N. Y,. when his son, Daniel Diwelly, 2d, was about eleven years of age, and there the family remained, except Daniel, who re turned to Tiverton and -married Mary Bor den Slade, formerly of Slade's Ferry, who was Dr. Dwelly's mother. Jerorae Dwelly, having becorae larae when quite young, was sent to school at Fall River, and subse quently to Pierce Acaderay, in Middleboro, i\I-ass., to flt for college with the view of be coming a lawyer. He remained there three years and then, -his health faiUng, was obUged to s-uspend his studies for two or three years, after which his mind became di verted to the study of -medicine. He then be carae a student in the offlce of the late Dr. Thomas Wilbur, of Pall River, and subse quently entered the offlce of Dr. Willia-m E. Townsend, of Boston, son of Dr. Solomon D. Townsend, one of the surgeons of the M-assachusetts General Hospital. While there he -acted as assistant to Dr. William E. Townsend, who was one of t-he physicians of the Boston Dispensary, and saw a good deal of the exhibition of sulphuric ether as an anesthetic, which had lately come into use -at the M-assac-husetts General Hospital. In May, 1847, while attending an obstetrical case of an out-patient of the dispensary, under the cai'e of Dr. Townsend, the use of instruments became necessary to save the pa-tient's life. Ether was administered, and the operation, which proved difficult, per formed by Dr. -Channing, Professor of Obstet rics in Harvard Medical College. This was probably the flrst case of the kind in the , State, and was reported as such by Dr. Channing. Dr. Dwelly soon after wrote his graduation thesis, "Sulphuric Ether," In which he suggested that the inhalation of sulphuric ether would prove of great value in the reduction of fractures and disloca tions on -account of its powerful effects in producing muscular relaxation. He was graduated an M. D., August 25, 1847. He then re-turned to Fall River and opened an office September 1, 1847, for the practice of medicine and surgery, at the corner of South Main and Pocasset -streets. Up to this time ether had not been used -as an anesthetic in Fall River, and very little anywhere outside of the hospital. Dr. Dwelly then resolved to use it on the flrst suitable occasion, which Jerome DweUy, M, D, HISTORY OF FALL RlVER 183 occurred on November 5, 1847, in this city. A boy had a piece of wood two and one-half inches long violently thrust into -his back, and breaking off, it became deeply and flrm ly embedded under the muscles of the spine. A deep incision becarae necessary to dis lodge it, which was made by Dr. Dwelly, having first administered ether, and the piece of wood removed while the patient was uiniconscious of any pain. Dr. Crary, at that time a surgeon of -much repute in Fall River, was present, and expressed ^jnuch-gatifica- tion and surprise at the effects of the ether. This was undoubtedly -the first use of ather in -a cutting operation in this part of the State. Dr. DweUy was the flrst City Physi cian chosen -after the inauguration of the City Government, -and served in this capac ity through the Cholera Epidemic in 1854. Soon after tihe close of the Rebellion -he was appointed a United States Examining Sur geon for Pensions, -which place he held for nearly thirty years. He was made Medical Examiner on the passage of the Medical Ex aminer's Law of this State, and remained as such for fourteen years. He was, for about twenty years, a member of the -School Board of Pall River. He is a memiber of the Massaohusetts Medical Society and has been President of the Bristol County South Med ical Society. Dr. Dwelly was married on the 18th of October, 1848, to Janette A. Cook, of Fall River, and on October^l8, -1898, they celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of their wedding at a reception of their friends. They have had six children, four sons and two daughters: Edwin J., Frank H., Arthur J., Avis J., Frederick O. and Mary B. Two of the sons -are not now living. Edwin J. died when a child and Arthur J. at forty- two years of age. He has been in contin uous active -practice of his profession in this city and neighborhood for nearly three score years with the exception of two years spent in dalifornia, from 1849 to- 1851. Dr. Dwelly, although not a public speaker, is a ready and fluent talker and ex-presses his opinions with force and clearness. The charm of his conversation and the cheeriness of his man- nier always brings hope and encouragement to <3he sick, and h-as undoubtedly added much to his success from the trust and confldence piaced in -him by -his many patients. E. T. LEONARD, M. D.— This well known physician of the old school was -born in Gardner, Mass., July 19, 1812. He began to study medicine under Doctors Perry, Bow ditch, Gould and Wylie, of Boston, and after wards entered -tihe Harvard Medical School, graduating in 1830. He came to Fall River in 1816, and practiced his profession until his death. He was president of the South Massach-u-setts Medical Society for two years and vice-president and councilor two years. Dr. Leonard attended raany of -the old families and was considered a skilful practitioner and one of the raost honored of Fall River citizens. HON. WEAVER OSBORN was born in Tiverton, R. I., May 23, 1815, and remained on -his father's farm until he was eighteen years old. He was educated in the public schools at the Little West HUl Seminary, at South Kingston, R. I. In 1833, he went to Fairhaven, Mass., to learn the blacksmi-fchs' trade, -which he followed successfully until the engrossing cares of heavy cotton mill interests caused him to abandon it. In 1835 Hon. Weaver Osborn (Deceased) he purchased the blacks-mith shop of Na thaniel Pierce, in Tiverton, which he con tinued about eight years. He -then spent one year in Providence, R. I., and on his return to Tiverton, in 1844, associated -himself witih Andrew Robeso-ni for a period -of four years. In 1848 -he resumed business in Tiverton, where he remained until his shop was burned, in January, 1855, when he removed to Fall River, Mass. In February of that ye-ar he formed a co-partnership with his 184 HISTORY OF FALL RtVfiR youngest brother, Jaraes M. Osborn, and bought the blacksraith shop of Gideon Pack ard, on Bedford street, which they conducted for several years, doing a large machine -bus iness. The flrm of W. & J. M. Osborn con tmued until 1880, when it was dissolved. In 1859 the flrm became interested -with others in building -the Union Mill, which w-as the Lrst cotton mill that was operated by others than close corporations. They were subse quently interested in the Granite Mill, the .vterchants' Mill, the two Stafford mills and the Slade Mill. Tney were also interested in the Osborn mills, the Pall River Bobbin mills, the Union -Belt Company. Mr. Osborn was a ruling spirit in these as well as other enterprises. He was the principal founder of the Osborn mills, was instrumental in erecting -the flrst 'building, in 1872, and served as president and director of the cor poration until his death, which occurred at Pall River, Pebruary 6. 1894. He was a di rector of -the Montaup Mili for several years. He was a -director -an-d memUerof the Board of Investment of t'he Pocasset National Bank from its organization in 1854, when it was l^nown as 'the Pocasset B-anl^, under the laws of the State, and was president and chair man of the Board of Investment of that bank trom 1873 until -his death in 1894. For many years prior to his death he was also a trus tee of the Citizens' Savings Bank, of Pall River, and of the State Workhouse, at Bridge-water and Tewksbury, Mass. In -pol itics Mr. Osborn was originally a Whig, and cast his flrst vote -for Henry -Clay, -but -after the Republican -party was formed in 1856, he w-as a s-fcaunch supporter of that party. He was for several years a -member of the Fall River Board of Water Commissioners, and also took pride in the progress of the city. He was elected to represent the town of Fall River, R. I., in the Rhode Island State Senate, in 1857, 1858 and 1859, and served on raUitary and other committees, and was a member -of the Massachusetts Legislature in 1868, 1869, 1871, 1873, 1876 and 1877, and of the iS-tate Senate in 1879. Mr. Osborn was a man of great force of character and unfailing resources, and in every sense a representative and enterprising citizen. Mr. Osborn was married January 7, 1837, to Pa tience B. Dwelly, daughter of Daniel and M-ary (Slade) Dwelly, of Tiverton, R. I. Their children were Mary S., of Fall River; Daniel W., who died in his twenty-third year, and Tho-mas F. and Anna Jane, both of whom died at the age of nine. Mrs. Osborn was born in Tiverton, May 27, 1817. Both at tended the Baptist Church, which they joined in 1843. J. M. ALDRICH, M. D., was born in the town of ¦Smithfleld, R. I., October 30, 1817, and with -his brothers and sisters spent his boyhood days on his father's farm. He re ceived his education dn the public and pri vate schools, after which he entered the Academy at Union Village. Dr. Aldrich was a close student of ancient and modern his tory and -took high rank among his fellows. In 1839 he entered the office of the inflrmary of Dr. A. J. Brown, of Providence, and here he ,stu-died -harder than ever. He took a course of Harvard Medical College and sub sequently entered the Botanical Medical Col lege, in -Cincinnati, Ohio, where he received his diploma, -and was chosen valedictorian of his class. He came to Fall River in 1843, and began the practice of his profession, and met with success from the start. He was one of the old school of physicians of high repute, -and -his word was as good as his bond. He was president of the Massachu setts Eclectic Medical Society, and for four years was president of the Temperance So ciety. He was -president of the Children's Home. In 1852 he -was elected -a member of the School Committee and remained for many years a useful raember of that body. Dr. Aldrich was -raarried May 24, 1844, to Mary A. Allen, of Dedham, Mass. She died December 18, 1857. He -was married again on September 23, 1862, to Louisa G., daugh ter of Hon. Nathaniel B. Borden. They had one ison and a daughter. The son is now a youn-g and prosperous physician of Fall River, and considered a -painstaking and able man. When Dr. Aldrich passed away Fall River lost one of its ablest and useful citi zens and -physicians. HON. BDWARD PURINGTON BUFFIN TON. — From the inauguration of the Re beUion -to its -close, Mr. Bufflnton was at the head of the local governraent. Por years -he was Mayor of Fall River, and was one of the best executives the city ever had. He was a plain, sim-ple man of the people, kind and considerate to all, and as honest as the day was long. He was a son of Aaron and Re becca Buffinton, and was -born in Westport, Mass., November 16, 1814. He came to Fall River with his parents -when a boy and loved the city, and was honored -as a man by its citizens. Early in life he opened a market at the corner of Main and Pocasset HISTORY Of fall RlVER jgs streets, where he did a flne business and prospered, until tihe erection of the town hall and market building in 1840, where -he re moved, and continued for -many years. In 1852 he was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives, and in 1854, when Fall River changed its forra of governraent and becarae a city, he was elected Alderraan. In November, 1855, he was chosen Mayor to flll the vacancy occasioned by the resig nation of Hon. Jaraes B'uffinton. In the fol lowing year he was elected Mayor -by the people. A-fter three years' retirement he was again elected Mayor and held the offlce ior seven years. His administration was -a successful and happy one, and when -he died, October 2, 1871, -the entire city mourned its loss. His kindly face looks down from a beautiful oil painting w-hich hangs on the walls of the Mayor's offlce in the City HaU, and many a kind word is expressed by the old citizen when he sees it. HON. JAMBS BUFFINTON.- This distin guished citizen was born on "Chaloner Hill," in Troy (now the -prosperous city of Fall River), Mass., March 16, 1817. His early years -were spent in study and self-denial, yet all through his boyhood and youth his promptness in thought, and independence in action, were indications of the coming man. He attended the Friends' Boarding School Hon. Jamrs Bulfinlon (Deceased) in Providence, R. I., where he -advanced rap idly, and after leaving there took up the study of raedicine with Dr. Thomas Wilbur, where he reraained but -a short time, as he did not have sufflcient funds to carry on the studies. Mr. Buffinton found it necessary to accept a position as a precep-tor in the public and private schools of Westport and Dartmouth. He associated with men inter ested in navigation- and naturally his mind was turned in that direction, and fln-ally shipped for a whaling voyage on board of the ship "South Carolina," -about to sail. When he returned home he engaged in the drug business, and afterwards the dry goods and millin-ery trades. About this time he married Miss Sarah Perkins. During the years of trade he became popular and be came a member of the flre department, -and in 1851 w-as chosen select-man, being re elected in 1852-53. On the adoption of the City Charter in 1854, he was elected Mayor, and in 1855 was re-elected, and in the autumn was chosen by acclamation, and sub sequently elected to Congress by a large ma jority. On his return ho-me from Congress in the spring of 1861, he immediately set to work to raise -a company of volunteers. In 1804, -Mr. Bufflnton, having declined a it- E-arainatdon for -Congress, accepted an office in t-he Internal Revenue Department, ten dered him during President Johnson's admin- i£-tration. In June, 1870, he was re-elected to Congress, and served two terms, and was re-elected for a third term -when death cut of his useful -and busy career. He remained in his seat -against the wishes of his friends until the adjournment of -the session, when he came home to die in less than one hour after receiving a rousing welco-me home. He died on Sunday morning, March 0, 1874. Mr, Bufflnton was one of the raen who by his personal efforts helped to push the narae of Fall River high up on the roll of successful cities of the United States. COOK BORDEN, related by ties of blood to most of the old families, and one of the prominent men of affairs of this city, was born in Fall River, M-ass., in that portion known then as Tiverton. He received his education in the -public schools and was strictly a selt-made man, and rose -to the prominence which he attained through his own individual efforts. His father died when he was about eighteen ye-ars of age, and he had to -hustle for -himself. He entered the lumber ,b-u-siness as -a clerk, and being active, and a close Observer, soon became an ex pert, and after a few years started in for himself near Lindsey's Wharf. His business grew and prospered, and m 1540, bought Bowenville, -an-d removed -his business there. Wi-i-am Cogswell, cashier of the old Tiver ton Bank, -was his partner for -raany years. When -his sons grew to manhood they be came interested in the business with their father, and later became partners. Since Robert Knight Remington (Deceased) HISTORY OF FALL RIVER I87 the death of the head of the flrm -the style of -the house is Cook Borden & Co. Mr. Borden was interested in many enterprises and held stock in various corporations. His son, Jerome Borden, is the present head of the firm and one of Fall River's progressive business men. Our subject was president of the Union -National Bank and a member of the Board of Investment of the Union Savings Bank and a Director in the Chace, Richard Borden and Tecumseh mills. He was a -pure, good -man, and raised a large family of useful sons and daughters. He died September 20, 1880, in the seventy-fifth year of -his age. ROBERT KNIGHT REMINGTON.— One needs not hesitate, at this time and in this book, to make full application of the Psalm ist's words to the life of Robert Knight Rem ington, who was -born July- 12, 1826, -and died November 25, 1886 — "Thou, O Lord God, art the thing -that I long for; Thou art my -hope even from my youth. Oh, what great troubles and adversities hast Thou showed me, and yet didst Thou -turn and refresh me." We are but recalling the lesson of -a life iwhich among the people of this city and elsewhere was "known and read of all men,'' of a Christian and churohly character which had a deepening influence in this community. The individuality and the personality of the gentleman herein commemorated were so striking -and so distinguishing that -he occu pied a peculiar place in the regard and es teem of those who knew him. Although of strong convictions hased on -faith, he held them with -charity; his influence was for the common good, and hiis thoughtfulness was always active. Mr. Remington was a man who had faith in and unfailing kind ness for people. He believed in men. He counted them worth while, and therefore he felt it a thing worth doing to give time, money, counsel and strength for their moral, physical and mental 'welfare. He was ever ready to give his hand to every cause whioh meant the -moral upliftment of the city; his voice in championship of every enterprise of worth, -and his cheer to noble enthusi asm. Mr. Remington was a native of the old town of Grafton, Mass. His early school ing was obtained in Monson, in the same county of Worcester; the finishing touches were applied in Fall River after the removal of the family, the name of which has ever since occupied a high and honorable place in business and church life. Early in the forties Mr. Remington formed a partnership wi-h his brother. Hale, to deal in oils, chem icals, -dyestuffs and kindred supplies. They started on a small scale, occupying a -build ing which stood on the site where the "Globe" offlce now stands. The withdrawal OI Hale Remington was -followed in 1848 by the association -of Robert K. Remington with Charles M. Shove in the conduct of the -business. When other interests claimed the attention of Mr. Shove and necessitated a dis solution of partnership, Mr. Remington pro ceeded alone, and laid the foundation of an enterprise which is reckoned today as the largest and most varied of the kind carried on in southeastern Massachusetts. Mr. Remin-gton -was not so engrossed in tem poral affairs as to give no thought to and spare no time for the spiritual in life. He was one of the pillars of the Central Con gregational Church. 'Whenever it was pos sible to be -present at the services, he was to ibe seen in -his pew. His profession of faith was of the practical sort, and was carried into his relations with man. He believed dn the work of the Sunday school as building for the future of the church, and for years he -held the offlce of super intendent. Toward teachers and pupils Mr. Remington stood in tho relation of a kind and conside-rate fauher, anxious for their spiritual well-being and eager to be of as sistance for personal needs. His enthu siasm and interest were communicated to them, and the -school maintained a -high s-t-andard for attendance, efficiency and re sults. It was to be expected that when the Young Men's Christian Association was brought into ex'istence one of t-hose to realize immediately its value -as an auxiliary of the church -and school should be R. K. Remington. He early identified himself wdth the movement, and gave freely of his time and money in the spread of the gospel of organization throughout the coun try. Besides being foremost in undertaking to establish a local branch, he visited other places to explain the scope and plan of the association. There were many discourage ments in the -path of the local -promoters. When flnally they managed to find a home in a building formerly used as a dwelling, the conviction prevailed that failure was not probable, for the advantages of mem bership had been urged so eloquently by Mr. Remington and his associates in the board of m-anage-ment that young men were not slow in enrolling. Not long afterwards John G Milne HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J 89 began the move-ment which culminated in the erection of the brick structure in North Main street, in which the Young Men's Christian Association is housed. It was em inently fitting that the service of one who in the main was responisible Ior the -building should -be com-memorated, and the decision of the directors to call tihe mam hall after Mr. Remington and to adorn it -with an oil portrait of the gentleman, a gift from his son, Edward B. Remington, elicited the heartiest commend-ation. The artist was true to nature. Although IMr. Remington was gathered long since to his fathers, one who knew hira dn life feels his genial pres ence -as he gazes upon the reproduction hanging on the -wall, -and feels that Pall River was sorely afflicted when death ended so useful a career. Mr. Remington was married twice. His first wife. Miss Harriet M. Hill, a sister-in-law of Col. Thomas J. Borden. -She died in 1846. In Septeraber, 1850, he was joined in wedlock with Miss Elizabeth A. Thatoher, of Middleboro, the daughter of Allen C. -and B. P. Thatcher. Six children were born — Mary Elizabeth, Harriet Thatcher, Annie Lincoln, Alice Knight and Agnes Carleton. All are dead with the exception of Miss Alice, who is the wife of Warre-n S. Barker, -and Edward B. Death came to the father after five days' sickness of pneumonia. The disease re sulted from a cold contracted during a visit to Keene, N. H., where Mr. Remington went in the interest of Y. M. C. A. work. -Sorrow was general, for the feeling prevailed that the comimunity 'had been deprived of one of its best citizens. Mrs. Remington continues a resident of Fall River, loved by her chil dren, and 'admired and respected by all who have -the honor of her acquaintance. Ed ward B. Remdngto-n and Charles P. Borden, the latter having been connected with Mr. Romington for years, and being faraillar with every detail of the -extensive business, acquired the R. K. Reraington interest, and estaiblis'hed a partners-hip under the flrm name of Borden & Remington. On the death of Mr. Borden, in 1905, the firm was changed into a corporation, of w-hich Ed ward iB. Reraington -became president and general manager. His training and experi ence -as a partner of Mr. Borden and his adaptability to -a mercantile career well fitted him for the heavy res-ponsibdlities that devolved upon him. The combination -of aualities has made -hi-m one of the men of mark ;n the business life of Fall River. His interest in the city is practical, though not manifested demonstratively nor osten- tatio-usly. JOHN C. MILNE was born in MUfield, Scotland, May 18, 1824. His parents died when 'he was quite young, and to his grand parents he was indebted for early educa tional opportun-ities. Wdth them he emi grated to Pictou, Nova Sco-tia, and at 8 years of age entered the printing office of an uncle, and soon became an accurate and rapid composl-tor. In 1835 he came to Fall River, and worked for three years in the calico works of Andrew Robeson. In 1838 he entered the printing offlce of the Fall River "Patriot," and conitinued in the mea-n- ti-me to attend evening schools. In 1840 he spent -six m-onths at Pierce Academy, Middleboro. After leaving the academy he continued his studies with a view to enter ing college. He devoted a portion of each day to study, reciting to Rev. Geo. M. Ran dall, a-fterwards Bishop of Colorado, and the remaining hours of the day and eve ning to labor in the printing -offlce. Being destitute of means, h-e was forced to aban don 'his cherished purpose, and in 1845 was encouraged -to oo-ramen-ce the publication of the Fall River "Weekly News" with Mr. Almy. The first number was issued April 3, 1845. In 1859 a daily edition of the "News" was begun, and both are still pub lished. The difficulties experienced in those days when these two young men un dertook the work were laborious and -their lives self-den-ying ; but by incessant appli- c-ati-o-n and rigorous economy they achieved success. Mr. Milne was a member of the City Council for five years, -and a represen tative in tihe Legislature for five years — 1884 to 1888, inclusive — serving as House Chairraan -of Banks and Banking an-d of public charitable dnstitution'S, of one of which -he was appointed a trustee by Gov. Ames. He is president of the Citizens' Sav ings Ban-k, -president of the Osborn Mills, and a director in the Stafford MiUs. He was one of the original directors of the Po casset Bank, organized in 1854, and remain ed on the board until the corporation was dissolved in 1903 and merged with the Mas sasoit-Pooasset, a period of fo-rty-nine years. He lived to see all of his associates on tihe first -board, and all but -one on the second board, pass away. He is now serving in the -directorate of the M-assa-soit-Pocasset In 1849 Mr. Milne was married to Miss Abby Franfclin L. Almy HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J9I A., daug'hteir of George -W. and Betsey (Howland) Gifford, of FaU River. Of this union nine children were born, five of whom are living. They are Mrs. Mary J. Fenner, Joseph D. Milne, Mrs. Abby S. Carr, Mrs. Jennie D. Remington and Mrs. Hannah E. Chadwick. FRANKLIN L. ALMY was born in Little Compton, R. I., July 2, 1833, the son of Bemjamin -and Ruth Almy, and removed to Fall River -with his father's family in 1837. His father served in the war of 1812, and w-as appointed captain of the First Infantry of Portsmouth iby Gov. Jones, of Rhode Isl and. At 12 years of age P. L. Almy be came a carrier for the "Weekly News," then hut a few weeks old, in 1845, and in the following September entered the office as an apprentice, heco-min-g a journey-man in 1850 and a member of the firm and the business manager (which position he still retains) in 1864. On the death of Thomas Almy -he and John C. Milne purchased the latter'-s interest, and the firm name to-day is Al-m-y & Milne, as when -the "News" was started. He was a mem-ber of the Common Council in 1866-67, and has been a di rector of the Flint and Wampanoag Mills, and a trustee of the Citizens' Savings Bank for many years. He is a man of the strict est honor and a successful and influential citizen. He was married in 1862 to Charity R., daughter of Israel Buffinton, who died in May, 1886. They had two sons, Frank S. and Thomas, and four daughters, Misses Sarah, Nancy, Ida and Nellie Almy, the latter -pas-sing to the world beyond when 4 years -of age. Mr. Almy's present wife was Miss M-ary K. Cotton, daughter of John S. Cot-on, a prominent business m-an of his time. HON. CHARLES JARVIS HOLMES was the son of Charles Jarvis and Louisa Has keU Holmes. His father, as was -his father before him, was a lawyer, a prominent -mem ber of t-he Bristol County bar, and for a long time -member of 'the M'assachusetts Legislature. Charles- Jarvis -Holmes was born in Rochester, March 4, 1834. When 5 years of age he moved with his parents to Taunton, and was 9 when he an-d they re moved to Fall River, where he -has since resided. He -attended the public schools of this city, -and was a memiber -of the first class forraed in the FaU River High School, graduating in 1853. After leaving -school he entered the service of tihe Massasoit Bank. When Mr. Holmes -was 21 years of age he was elected treasurer of the Fall River Five Cent Savings Bank, which po sition he -held at -the tl-me of his death. In the same year he was elected cashier of tihe Wamsutita, afterw-ard the Second Na tional Bank, -w'hich ipositio-n he -held until the -bank went out of -business im 1903. For over half a century he h-as been the very capstone of this city's financial struc ture, and those who run back in memory over any -appreciable portion of his career, will agree that he was a historical figure in the city's past. If for no other reason, Mr. Holmes deserves immortalization for -having saved the city from one of the worst financial disasters ever visited upon it. As the father of the law known among bankers -as the Stay Law, he performed a public service not to be measured -by con temporary rainds. Mr. Holmes was one of those rare co-mbinatlons — a man of great executive abiUty, capable of holding posi tions of unusual responisibility in the finan cial world, yet ready and 'Willing to apply his ability -and exiperien-ce -to the public -ser vice. Mr. Holmes was president of the King Philip Mills and until 1903 of the Sagamore Manufacturing Company, and a director of i the Border City Mills. He served in the Board -of Aldermen in 1885, 1888-1889. He was a -member of the school committee for sixteen years, -during whJdh time 'he exerted a 'Strong dnfluence in the ed-ucation-al affairs of the city. Mr. Holmes was a trustee of the public library for for ty-three ye-ars. He was a mem'ber of the board of overseers of the poor from the time of the change made in that body u-nder Mayor James P. Jackson, until the time of his d-ea-th. He also served as treasurer of the Fall River Hospital for a number of years. He was for many years chairman ot the CivU Service Commission. He served in the House in 1873, and in the Senate in 1877-1878. He was chairman ctf the Com mittee of Associated Savings Banks of the State for over thirty years. And when, a number of years ago, it was proposed to tax the savings banks' deposits for internal revenue, Mr. Holmes alone represented Massachusetts at the hearing in Was-hing- ton, in protest of the measure. As a churchman, Mr. Holmes was always promi nent in the affairs of the Central Congre gational Church, which he joined in 1857, and in 1877 he was elected deacon, whioh office he held untU his decease. Mr. Holmes' Hon, Charles Jarvis Holmes HISTORY OF FALL RIVER J93 position in the co-mmun-ity has been that of a progressive Business man, a respected citizen and a co-operator in all movements started for the improvement of the con dition of the people. As banker, alde-rman, member of the city government and of sev eral of its -most important subordinate boards, of finance, schools, Ubraries and charities, as raember of both branches of the General Court of Massachusetts, as president -and director of manufacturing and industrial organizations, of charitable and social bo-dies, as officer and leader in church and Sunday school there is scarcely a life -in this city which has not in some raeasure felt the stiraulus of his abounding energy, his -devotion, his ardent faith, his higher religious and spiritual nature. Mr. Holraes -was -married May 4, 1858, to Miss Mary A. Remington, daughter of Joshua and Joanna Remington, of Fall River, and their children are Mary L., Anna C, and Charles L. Holmes. JOSEPH ABRAHAM BOWEN, for half a century a prominent coal dealer here, was born in Fall River, October 10, 1832, -the son of Abraham and Sarah (Read) Bowen, and the descendant of families who had been active in this community from its earliest settlement. His great-great-grand father, John Bowen, came here about 1739 and settled in what is -now -the southern part of Fall River, w-here he was a large landowner, witih a homestead that is still standing, though greatly altered, on South Main -street, near -what was formerly called Bowen's hill. He lived to be about 100 years -of age and in -hds will disposed of, a large -section of the southern part of the present -city, and provided, as well, for the freeing of several slaves. His wife was Penelope (Read) Borden, the widow of Stephen Borden and the daughter of John Read, Jr., an early settler. His son, Nathan, saw service in the Revolution, and his grandson, Abraham Bowen, Sr., was the owner of a farm extending from Bedford to Elm streets, and from the harbor to the Watuppa Ponds. He was a promoter of one of the first cotton mills -built here, the Fall River -Manufactory, formerly called the White Mill, erected in 1813, and in -the albsence of hanks the funds collected for this enterprise iwere kept in his clock. He was town clerk, selectman and probably the flrst representative from Fall River to the State Legislature, where he served four terms. It was at his suggestion -that the name of the town was changed in 1804 from Pall River to Troy. Joseph A. Bowen's father, a son of the latter, was Abraham Bowen, who 'built the 'house just south of Mr. Bowen's present residence. For many years he carried on a printing business and he published several papers. Mr. Bowen is the descen-dent of many old families, in cluding the Bordens, Durfees, Reads, Wins- lows, Valentines and Tdsdales. Mr. Bowen was educated in the public and private schools of Fall River, and at the age of 8 years entered his father's printing office, alternately working at this trade and at tending school, including the high school, which he entered in the flrst class, until 1856, when .he engaged in the coal business. He was located at Morgan's wharf at the foot of Walnut street, one-half of whic-h he afterwards bought. He also bought the wharf formerly called Slade's wharf, where the business has since been carried on and has grown to large proportions. He has had much dredging done at heavy expense, at and near his wharves, 'to increase the depth of water, and was the originator of the -movement to im-prove the -harbor of Fall River. He is also interested in coast wise navigation, -being part owner in sev eral large -schooners. Mr. Bowen was a mem-ber of the Common Council in 1862 and 1863, and of the Board of -Aldermen in 1869 and 1870. -As chairman of the committee to consider the advisability of establishing a waterworks system, after an analysis of the water in the North Watuppa Pond, and in various wells, he wrote the report of that committee, and, as one of the first Board of Water Commissioners, -he took an active part in the building of the waterworks sys tem. He Was also active in urging the early oo-m-pletion -of the work, and insisted on the doing of certain very necessary things which the engineers declared impossible. He has always resided in Fall River, in the house he now occupies, and in the one directly south of it. He was raarried January 19. 1865, to Fanny M., daughter of Jonathan and Cl-a-rissa (Bennett) Corey, who, like him, is descended frora many of the early settlers of New England. They have two children, Joseph Henry and Fanny Corey Bowen. The family has long been connected with the Central Congregational Church. Mr. Bowen was for two years president -of the Fall River Board of Trade, and is at present a director in several cotton man-ufacturing Joseiph Abraham Bowen HISTORY OF FALL RTVER J95 corporations. He is one of -the most highly respected citizens of Fall River, and has ever -been -most active in promoting its in terests. NICHOLIS HATHEWAY.- Among the old lawyers of Fall River, Nicholis Hatheway was prominent. He is a son of Elnathan P. and Salome (Cushman) Hatheway, was born in Freetown, -September 3, 1824, the eldest of seven children. He was educated at Philips' Andover Academy and Pierce's Academy at Middleborough. He entered Brown University in 1843 and was gradu ated in 1847. Mr. Hatheway took high ranlt as a criminal lawyer. He held various offlces lin his native town and was elected a raera-ber of the Legislature from Pall River in 1875, and was elected an Alderraan in 1874 and 18,75. Mr. Hatheway is a sterling Democrat and a strong party man, and an outspoken advocate of the principles of -his party. He received the norainatiom for Con gress in the f-all of 1882, and received a very large vote. He is prorainent in Masonic circles, is a member of Union Lodge, Dor chester; St. Paul's R. A. C, Boston; Council R, and S. M., Boston; Boston Commandery, and of the Supreme Grand Council of the Northern Jurisdiction of the United -States and its Dependencies — thirty-three degrees. Mr. Hatheway was imarried January 1, 1851, to Fanny P. Dean, of Freetown, and has two children. Nelson D. Hatheway, M. D., of Middlborough, Mass., and Ni-oholis Hathe way, Jr., a well known and highly esteemed attorney -of Pall River. Mr. Nicholis Hathe way, Jr., is the present Law Librarian and has a large and lucrative law practice in Fall River and throu-ghout 'Bristol County. Nicholis Hatheway, Sr., is -still alive, and re sides with -his son, NichoUs, Jr., -who h-as a comfortable home on Locust street. CHARLES FREDERICK BORDEN.— In tihe career -of Charles Frederick Borden we find a happy illustration of the saying, "Ev ery man is the architect of his own fortune." He made -his way in the world. He realized in youth that qu-alities necessary to co-m- mand success must be flrst possessed, then cultivated intelligently, and used assidu ously. How thoroughly and successfully Mr. Borden le-arned -and applied the lesson from the beginning of his industrious life to the hour of -his prostration by a fatal sickness, cannot be put into type as fully as it is known by those who associated with -him. It is a story, not particularly of what might be called good fortune, but of the fruits of character, application, intelligence, thor oughness, service and zeal. His endowment ot traits inducing to integrity and probity -nas 'been so enlarged by -determination-, earn estness and instructive association that it is not 'to be wondered at that the aspiration of a manly youth was realized and enjoyed in the bright summer of life. Mr. Borden was born in Fall River the year of the city's in corporation — Septeraber 24, 1854. His pa rents were Deacon Joseph Borden and Amy Hat'h-a-w-ay Borden. The father was one of t-he most respected citizens of hds day. For several years he managed the city farm; he served as a mem-ber of the City Council, -and to -the aff'airs of the Second Baptist Society no member was -more attentive. Charles F. Borden passed through the grammar grade of the local schools, and then entered -the high school. His first engagement as a wage-earner was as a bookkeeper for Davis Bros. Robert K. Remington soon became in terested in the boy, and an- offer of employ ment from that estimaJble gentleman was accepted. The confidence of the new em ployer was earned i-mmediately by close -and faithful attention to the details of office work. This -secured prom-otion, for Mr. Remington was an appreciative employer, and believed in encouraging his employees Eo as to awaken their interest in the busi ness in all its departments. There was no parti-ality; advancement was the reward -of merit. Mr. Borden shared constantly in the manifestation of Mr. Remington's esteem, an-d in the course of time he was the right- hand -man of that gentleman, solely -through constancy, attentiveness and aptitude. He became so familiar -witih every part of the business that his employer felt free to leave affairs in -his care while -he gratified his de sire to promote the work of the Young Men's Christian Association. Further reward -be fell Mr. Borden after the death of Mr. Rem ington, in 1886, when a partnership was cre ated, with Bdward B. Remington as junior member of the firm under the title, Borden & Remington, to continue the business of the founder of the house. The responsibil ity of owners'hip helped to broaden the abil ity 'Shown so signally as 'an employee by Mr. Borden, and each year closed with the books showing an enlargement of accounts. Early in January, 1905, he was stricken with ap pendicitis. All that surgical skill and care ful attention could do was employed in cop ing with the disease, but it failed to tide the Charles Fredericfc Borden (Deceased) HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 197 patient over the crisis, and he died at dawn January 12, at the family residence. Rock street -and Lincoln avenue. B-du-cated in a wholesome atmosphere, it foUo-wed, as the night foUows the day, that Mr. Borden should -have been actively interested in the religious movement that engrossed the time, thought and -attention of the man with whom he was connected -so long in 'business. Like Mr. RemdngtO'n, he was prominent in the affairs of the -church and of the Central Congregational -Society. In 1893, -the Massa- chusetits S-unday School Association divide I the State into fifty districts. In 1900, Mr. Borden was selected for the presidency of the Fall River district, serving four years, and resigning on account of -his health. He was the first -of the district executives to bring -aibout the employment; o-r a salaried secretary to look after the details of dis trict work. The adoption of -his suggestion resulted in placing the 'district in the front rank -of the State moveraent. Mr. Borden was a .member of the Executive Committee of the -M-assiachulsetts and Rhode Island Y-oun.g Men's Christian Association. To -him belongs the credit of the employment of the secretary -of boys' work, a department of tihe greatest usefulness to the organization in these -co-operating States. By his sedulous efforts to provide a suitable home for the association, in Fall River, he secured a large -portion of the -building fund. Mr. Bor den served t-he association raost 'acceptably as 'a direct'Or, and in the preparatio-n and application of the plans and decorative work his ideas were paramount. In business lines, apart -from the interest in which he was tihe leading factior, he was president ofw,^ the City Coal Corapany, of New Bedford, a , director of the Pall River National Bank and the Colurabia Life Insurance Company. Mr. B-orden was married twice. His first wife was Miss Annie Lincoln Remington, a daughter of R. K. Remington. The wedding was sole-mnized June 8, 1880. Mrs. Borden died July 3, 1895. On February 20, 1901, he was united in- raarriage with Miss Bertha Frances Vella, daughter of Joseph F. and Emma Frances Vella, of Lynn. For nine years Miss Vella had been the p-riraary secre- reta-ry -of the Massachusetts Sunday School Association. M-arriage did not result in any relaxation -of interest in Sunday school work. It had attractions for both husband and wife, Mrs. Borden entering heartOy into the plans of Mr. Borden, and each making the ad vance of the movement a common cause. The children of the first Mrs. Borden are Ida Eastman, wife of C. P. Webb, of Wor- ces-ter; Robert Remin-gton, Bdward and Charies Frederick. All of t-he young men re-present the estate in -the management of the Borden & Remington Company. WILLIAM H. JENNINGS, the originator of tlie Merchants' Manufacturing Company, and for -many years a leader in business circles in Fall River, was 'born in this city, February 20, 1831, the son of Bdward and Betsey Palmer Jennings. He attended the public schools and also a private school ke-pt by -George B. -Stone, a noted teaoher of the day, who afterward became the first principal of the high school, and at the age of thirteen entered a grocery -store kept by Chester W. Greene. Here, -and in the stores of Gray & Brownell and R. S. Gibbs & Co. he remained un-til the early sixties, and ac quired a knowledge of men that -proved of great value to him in later years. He was als-o employed, at the end of this -period, by the Old Colony Railroad Corapany, in ad justing land -and other damages in connec tion with the extension of its road -to New port. In 1806, Mr. Jennings, w-ho saw tihe opportunity offered for success in cotton manufacturing, then in its infancy here, or ganized the Merchants' Manufacturing Co-m pany, securing through his zeal the $800,000 required, in two days, and erected what was long the largest mill under one roof dn the city. He was elected clerk -and treasurer of the corporation and im-an.aged its affairs with raarked success, until he was obliged to re- "tire on account of failing health a few years - before -his death. Meantime, he had become largely interested in the Glo-be Street Rail- w-ay Comipany, of w.hich he was president, and was also -president of the Barnard Man- ufaoturl-ng Company and the Globe Yarn Mills and a director in the Wampanoag Mills, the Crystal Spring Bleaching & Dye ing Company, the Manufacturers' Mutual Pire Insurance Corapany and the Metacoraet National Bank. He had also entered actively into real estate operations, and with Hon. Robert T. Davis and the late Hon. Prank S. Stevens -owned -a large tract of land west of Broadway, -on which the Globe Yarn, Lau rel Lake and Sanford Spinning mills and the Algon-qudn Printing Company's -plant have since been erected. In politics he was a Repu'blican, and was a mem'ber of -the Cora- m-on Council in 1857 and 1858, and president of that body t-he latter year. He- was mar- ¦WHIiam H. Jennfngs (Deceased) HISTORY OF FALL RlVER 199 ried December 24, 1803, to Miss Annie Bor den Chase, ot Portsmouth, R. I., who ds still livinig, and had four children, one ot whom, Charles J., died March 31, 1877. The others are Edward B., agent of the Allen Print Works, of Providence, R. I., and treasurer or the Samoset Company, of Valley P''alls, Ft. I.; Wdlliam H., treasurer of the Algon quin Printing Company, and Annie J., the wife of Arthur Anthony. For twenty years, during the -most rapid growth of the city as a center of cotton manufacturing, William H. Jennings was actively and intimately as sociated with the industry, an-d was one of its recognized leaders, whose advice was freely sought. His associates on the vari ous boards of directors of which he was a member, -said of -him at his death: "His qualities of mind anJ Character, in which energy, industry, sagacity, untiring perse verance and courage were tempered with that wise caution whioh restrained him with in the limit of his resources — these early se cured him an important position among -his business -associates and contributed largely to the ori-gin and success -of the important business enterprises in which he was en gaged. . He contributed his full share to the growth and wealth of tihe city and to the comfort and convenience of its people." JOHN H. BSTES.— About two miles from the centre of Pall River, pleasantly situated in the Maplewood Valley, are the Bstes Mills, one of the largest coarse yarn plants in America. Here, for nearly flfty years, has been manufactured cotton wrapping twine, which is ship'ped to all parts of this country and to foreign ports. Aside from this well and widely known product large quantities of carpet warp, yams, ropes, clot'hes-Unes, sash-cord, fioor mops, dish mops, calking, wicking and machinery wip ing waste are -made, all of which are ex tensively known in the respective classes of trade to which they belong. A later pro duct added to the long Ust -of manufactures is absorbent cotton, for druggists, hospitals and physicians. T-he "Excelsior" brand of absorbent cotton made at these mills has been pronounced by experts to be of the finest quality. Few citizens realize the ex tent of label printing required by these mills. The present average is twenty-four labels per -minute, or about 15,000 per day, and scores -of girls are employed who label and seal pack-ages of -absorbent cotton and other goods. TWo labeling machines are also in use. The policy of these mills has ever been a progressive one, as the present tihiorough equipment and develop-raen-t of the husine-ss will testify. Their sash conl is of undisputed excellence an-d compares most favorably -with any on -the market. John H. Estes, tihe central flgure In the m-anufactur- Inig business at Maplewood, was born in Tiverton, R. I., June 19, 1835. In a recently prepared genealogy of the Estes family the narae -has been traced in English history to the year 1097. The family, ho-wever, is not of English, but of Italian origin. The name, spelled in different ways, occurs often in Italian history and literature. Richard Bs tes, the emigrant to this country, was iborn in Dover, En-gland, in 1647, and came to America in 1684. John H. Estes Is a de scendant in the sixth generation from Rioh- ard Estes. His father was Job Estes, and his -mother Delilah (Orswell) Estes. His grandfather, Edmund Estes, was an able as well as a scholarly raan. He was -much esteemed among his fellow townspeople, was justice of the peace, clerk of the town of Tiverton and treasurer of the "Union Fac tory," -tihe flrst cotton mill founded within the city limits. It was a wooden structure, located on the site of the present Laurel Lake mills. Ten c'hildren were born to Job and Delilah Bstes, and these all grew to maturity. John H. Estes was the seventh in the faraily. Job Estes was a w-heelwrl-ght of ability and ingenuity, and his carts a-nd wooden plows were fam-ous many miles around. Deciding that there was power enough in the valley bro-ok to turn his lathe and run his -saw. In 1825, he bought the -property. He -built a small shop, about 15 by 15, to whieh the- motive -power of the broolc was transmitted by a flutter wheel. Eleven years later, Oliver Buffinton, the pioneer cotton waste dealer of Pall River, leased ihe privilege of operating four eighteen-inc-h batting cards in the north end of this shop. Three years later, Jonathan Bridges leased tbe -shop and power for tex tile purposes. He constructed a stronger water-wheel, enlarged the shop and fltted it with wooden shafting, whitdi run about flfty looms for weaving s-heetlngs, shirtings and print go-ods. Por the -sake of additional motive power, Job Bstes built a -seco-nd water-wheel thirty rods farther down the stream, w-here a ten-foot fall was obtained, and transmitted this additional power through the woods to the raill by -a -manila rope, but the device did not work very well. John H. Estes HISTORY OF FALL RlVfeR 20 J Meanwhile, Israel Bufflnton, who had pur chased the -batting -machinery of Oliver Buf- flnto-n, having -been p-roraised the power of the lower water-wheel when the Bridges' lease expired, built adjoining the w-heel a wooden -raill for the manufacture of cotton batting. In course of tirae this wooden mill was changed -to a grist mill. Before hds lease -at the upper -mill expired, Jonathan Bridges failed. Messrs. A. & J. Shove then took the mill -an-d equipped it with m-a- chinery for spinning carpet yarns for domes tic -weaving. It was here that John H. Estes started as a doffer boy. When the Shove lease expired. Job Estes bought the ma chinery. With his children and two or ttiree employees he operated the mill for about flve years During this time it was decided to unite the -motive power of the two mills by le-ading the water in a canal to a site where a fall of twenty-five feet could be obtained. In 1857-8, a two and one-half story -stone -mill, 45 by 70, was constructed, and fitted with -ra-achinery reraoved from tihe upper iraill which burned to the ground in 1872. The early life of John H. Bstes was spent in an-d around the raill. Gradually and inteUigently -he worked his way through every -departraent. His parents, working hard for the maintenance of their large fara ily, had little time to devote to the especial needs of any one of them. The subject of our sketch longed for an education. From his father -he inherited the qualities of in dustry, economy, regularity of habits; fro-m his mother, adaptability to circumstances in an unusual degree, but Irom his remoter ancestors, no-tably fro-m his grandfather, a longing for the better things of life. He wanted to be something better than his environment -would make him. He attended the district school but very Uttle, .not more than a few months altogether. At sixteen, he gathered together tihe ,money he had been saving for some time, and quietly went to Colchester Academy, near WUlimantic, Conn. He wrote to his parents after -his ar rival -and they made no objections to his proceeding, although his usefulness was missed in the family circle. Here he re mained for several months, doing odd jobs and chores to -help pay for his tuition. In 1800, John H. Estes, whose genius as a practical -manufacturer had already -made It self felt, and Thoraas W. Lawton, his brother-in-law, lea-sed the stone raill and raa- chinery, and forraed the firm of Law-ton &. Estes. They raade wrapping twine and car pet warp for nearly fifteen years with about twelve employees. During the Civil War the mill, in common with other mills, of Pall River, -owing to t-he great scarcity of cotton, stood Idle for about two years. One of these years Mr. Bstes spent In the South under Govern-men-t contract to supply certain regi ments with wood. At this period, realizing his -deficde-n-cy as an- accountant, he s-pent a few weeks in Providence at a business col lege, trying -to -master the intricacies of bookkeeping. In 1806, Mr. Bstes married C-aroline A. Ling, a local so-hool teacher. Pour children were born to them, J. Ed mund, Jennie L., Elmer B. and Everett L. In 1872, JO'b Estes died. Because of failure to secure another lease of the raill prop erty, the firm of Lawton & Estes was -dis solved, and the mill stood idle for several years. Mr. Bstes spent this time- improving hds farms -and making additions to 'his teneraent -property. One year, during this period, he served as Councilman, and -ano ther as Assessor. In 1880, the mill -and tihe adjoining real estate were bought at public auction by Mr. Bstes. Shortly after this purchase he, with his brothers, Joseph D. and Benjamin P., formed the firm of J. H. Estes & Bros., of w'hich he was manager and largest owner. The greater part of the time he kept the books of the firm, working often late at night, assisted by his wife. In 1883, a series of improvements was be gun; the -mam-mot-h breast wheel of twenty- five horse-power was supplanted by a -mod em horizontal turbine of forty horse-power, and a few years later an engine and a boiler of 160 -horse-power were added. The -amount of machinery was imcreased three fold. About 6,000 square feet of fioor was added to -the mill and a large stone store house co-nstructed. In O-otober, 1890, by mutual consent, the partnership was dis solved. Two -months later, -the firm of J. H. Bstes & Son was formed, with J. Edmund Estes the junior partner. Industrial im- prove-raents -and enlargements more radical in t'heir nature resulted from the new man agement. In 1892 a large ft-orehouse was built, and another story added to the mill an-d adjoining ibuildings. In 1895, a three- story No. 2 mill, 75 by 130, was 'built, two boilers were added to the steara plant and the old 'engine supplanted by a 500-horse- power, cross-co-rapo-und, condensing Harris- Corliss engine. A large stone office was built at this time, also another storehouse, 75 Fy 125 feet. In 1897 the entire plant was Quill Pen Ledger of Edmund Estes, Treasurer of "Union Factory," Founded February tOth, J8J3, Being the First Cotton Mill Established Within the City Limits. HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 203 equipped with a thoroug-h system of auto matic sprinklers. In 1900 the firm name was changed to J. H. Bstes & Sons, Elmer B. Estes being taken into the business. Four years before this a No. 3 mill, 50 by 110, was built, and the absorbent cotton .department added to the business, and in 1902, a No. 4 mill, 60 by 125, was built, for the sas'h-oord ibusi-ness. In 1905, Mr. Bstes realized a long-cherished ambition in the incorporation of his -plant under the name 'Estes Mills." In this new management John H. Estes, is president; J. Bdmund Bstes, treasurer; Elmer B. Bstes, superin tendent, an-d Rufus P. Walker, secretary, and -these four make up the board of di rectors. During this year the company bought the absorbent cotton business of the Seaside Mills, located in Tiverton, R. I., on the shores of Mount Hope Bay, and the en tire quick assets of the concern were re moved to the Estes Mills, where an addition 51 by 100 feet was built to accommodate the machinery. The present plant consists of four acres of fioor space. It was soon ap parent that -these industrial enlargements had overtaxed -the -motive power of the en gine and water -wheel, and in 1906, ah auxil iary engine of 250 horse-power was installed. This is a triple cylinder Diesel engine, and was the flrst installation of the kind in Pall River. It consumes the cheapest liquid fuel, such as crude oil, and the builders guaranteed a saving of 70 per cent In the cost of power as eo-mpared with any steam en'gine built. The cost of fuel per horse power per hour figures about one-fifth of a cent and is -a saving of over 600 per cent of the -cost of operating a coramon gas engine. Not by accident has John H. Estes suc ceeded. By industry, energy and enthusi asm of ipurp-ose he has steadily chiseled his way and accomplished what he has under taken. He is a self-made man. He has had m-any -obstacles to overcome, but with in domitable courage he has surmounted them and created conditions for achievement. In business circles outside of the mill, -his po sition is quiet, unassuming and effective. He is a wealthy and influential citizen, a large real estate owner, president of the People's Co-Operative Bank and a director in seven local corporations. JEFFERSON BORDEN was one of tihe men who was identified with the progress and development of this city. He was horn in Freetown (now Fall River), the birth place of many of the famous name, Pebru ary 28, 1801. He was a son of Thomas Bor den, in the fourth generation from John Borden, the founder of the family in this city. Young Jefferson was brought up on the farm, and like many of -his brothers and sisters, loved the countrj', the fiowers and the trees, but early in youth he left tha farm and became a clerk in a provision store in Providence, R. I. His early education was secured at the pu-blic schools, -and -his ambition in life was to be a successful -man s \ Jefferson Borden (Deceased) of business. In 1819 he returned to Pall River, and in 1820, with his brother, Rich ard, he entered the shipping business. Richard at that time was running -the boats known as -the "Irene" and "Betsey." In 1820 tihe brothers bought out the store of Holder Borden, and Jefferson was i-nstalled as clerk to conduct the business. In 1821, upo-n the organization of the iron works enterprise, he was chosen clerk of the establishment. When the company opened a warehouse and salesroom at Providence, he became the agent, and remained as such for fifteen years. In 1837, on account of the Ul 'health of Holder 'Borden, his cousin, 'he was called to Fall River, -and became one of the man agement of the American Print Works. Por nearly half a century he was connected with the print works and was interested in many of the city's progressive enterprises. He was a man of many parts and was a di rector and president of the Fall River Iron Works Company, FaU River Bleachery, American Linen Company, Troy Cotton and Woollen Company, Borden Mining Company, Anawan Manufacturing Company, Fall River Machine Company, Fall River and Provi dence Steamboat Company, the National 204 HisTORY OF FALL RlVEfe Mianufacturlng C-om-pany, Fall River G-as Company an-d -many other Important enter prises. He was a trustee of Brown Uni versity and his long and busy life was full of energy and usefulness, -and when he passed away FaU River lost another of her iUustri'ous sons. STEPHEN DAVOL Is one of the group of cotton -m-anufacfurers w-h-o helped to make the name of Pall River famous as a cotton manufaoturln-g -city. He was born in Fall River November 22, 1807, w-here he resided ur.-til the time of -his death. He began his career in t-he cotton business away back in 1818, when he entered the Troy Mills, work ing -hard all -day and attending school In the evening. He -was apprenticed to Daniel Wright & 'Co. to learn the bleaching and c-aUco-prlntinig business. He -did not remain with this firm very long as the work was not very steady; he became dissatisfied and Stephen Davol (Deceased) returned to the Troy Mills an-d became over seer of their spinning, dressing and weaving, where he remained until 1833, when he was called to the superlntenden-cy of the Pocas set Mills. In 1857 he was raade treasurer and served in that capacity until 1877. Mr. Davol was cons-I-dere-d one of the greatest of -the cotton raanufacturers and his opinion was largely sought on all occasions. He was president of the Mechanics' Mills, an-d a director In this and the Pocasset, T-roy, Wampanoag and Barnard Manufacturing companies. He was president of tho Fall River Mutual Fire Insurance Company and a director In the Blackstone and Merchants' Pire Insurance Companies, of Providence, R. I., and the Metacomet Bank of -this city, and the Wautuppa Reservoir Company. Mr. Davol was united in raarriage with -Sarah P. C'hase, and t'heir children are as follows: Bradford Durfee, m-arrie-d Cornelia Wheeden Lincoln December 1, 1875; Sarah Louisa, raarried Joseph L. Bufflnton September 21, 1864; -Mary -Anna, married Alexander Dor- rance Easton September 27, 1865; James Clark Chase, m-arried Mary Ellen Brownell ; George Stephen, married Mary Louisa Dean September 3, 1873; Harriette Remington, raarried Stephen B-arnaby As-hley February 18, 1874; Abner Pardo-n, married Harriet J. Marvell; Charles M. R. and Clara Freeborn. Mr. Davol iw-as a -pu-blic-spirited citizen and when he departed this life Fall River lost one of Its favorite sons and best manu facturers. , I HON. WILLIAM STE-DMAiN GREENE deserves a place in t-he history of FaU River because he earned it. -No -man in tihe his tory of politics has done more for posterity than he. Every public improvement 'has had his support,. He stands for purity in public affairs. The public know him and trust him. As M-ayor, he gave the city a wise and con'serv-atlve adiministration. As postm-aeter he was successful and served faithfully for four years. As superinten-dent of State prisons he inaugurated reforms which we enjoy to-day, and as our re-presenitative in the Co-ngress of t-he United States -he Is all we could possibly desire. Congressman Greene was -born in Tazewell County, 111., April 28, 1841. He came with his parents to Fall River in 1844, and received his edu cation in the public schools of this city. He Is a self-made man- In every sense of the word; In fact, hds entire life has been busy and eventful. He began life as a clerk at t-he age of fifteen, and laid the foundation for his business career. In 1858, he engaged in t-he -i-nsurance business with John P. Slade as his associate. Mr. Greene went to- -Buf falo in 1805, and later opened an insurance offlce in New York City, where he was suc- cesrfuL In 1800 he re-turned to his -old love. Fall River, going into the real estate and in surance -business with his father, who was a well known and successful 'business man at that time, under the firm narae of Greene & Son. After 'his father's death, Mr. Greene continued the business, and later took in 'his son, Chester, continuing the firm name of Greene &. Son. The firm has charge of the very best class of pro-perty, -and the Con- gress-m-an is often called from Washington to sell some important estate; sueh is the confidence -and esteem in which he is held Hon. Wiljiam Stedman Greene, Member of Congress 206 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER by the citizens of this city. Mr. Greene has always taken an active -part in Repuiblican poUtics, especially when the welfare of Fall River was at s-tiake. He was a member of the Fall River Council -from 1876 to 1879, inclusive, and was -president of -that body during that time. In 1879 he was elected Mayor, and resigned to accept the office of postmaster, which was tendered him by President Garfield in 1881. He served with distinction for four years, an-d returned to private Ufe. He was not permitted to re main long in -seclusion, for in 1885 he was nonored -again by his party, and elected Mayor. By this time William S. Greene be came known all over the State as a clean, conservative and efficient offlcial. He at tracted the attention of Governor Amee, who appointed hira, in 1888, Superintendent of State Prisons, where his record is too well known to nee-d repeating here. The Re publican -party, toy -honoring the man, has Hon ored itself. Mr. Greene was honest, fearless and independent; a public -offlce was a pub lic trust, and in the administration of its affairs he was just to all. In 1894 the Re publican party called him again, and elected nim Mayor, and re-elected him for two ad ditional terms. He was elected to Congress ini 1898, and is still a member of that dis tinguished body. He is an influential member of St. Paul's M. E. Church, and was super intendent of its Sunday school for many years. In 1865 he was united in ra-arriage to Mary E., daughter of Pardon A. and Eliz-a^ beth W. (Spink) White, of Fall River. Three children -were bormt-o them, namely: Mabel Lawton, Chester W'hite and Foster Regnier. Mr. Greene is a mem'ber and past master of Mt. Hope Lodge, P. & A. M. Chapter, Council and Comm'andery; also a memiber of Knights of Pythias and the Order of Odd Fellows. On June 19, 1906, Branch 18, Na tional Letter Carriers' Association pre sented to the Congressman a handsomely framed set of engrossed resolutions which read as follows: "Resolutions of Apprecia tion — To Honorable William S. Greene: At a mee-ting of the members of Branch 18, Na- tio-nal Association -of Letter Carriers, of New Bedford, Mass., the following resolutions were unanimously adopted: Whereas, our Con-gress-m-an, the Honorable William S. Greene, having done an immeasurable amount of work with the Post Office Depart ment to have the new census -accepted, and to have the carrier service re-classified, and in having the compensation of our mounted carriers raised to equal that of the same branch of Civil Service in other cities; It Is Therefore Resolved, That as he has al ways shown a deep interest in everything per taining to the letter carriers, both in and out of Congress, that we, the members of Branch 18, National Association of Letter Carriers, do hereby express our gratification, and tender to him our heartiest thanks for the interest he has always taken in out wel fare; and. Resolved, That -we extend to our honored friend our wishes for his long con- tinuance in the responsible place -he has so honorably and ably filled in the service of his country. Committee: John J. McAu liffe, Albert H. Peters, Charles S. Moynan." HON. JAMES FREDERICK JACKSON.— Fall River is honored in the -activities of the State -by nobody more conspicuously and creditably than by James F. Jacksom, chair man of the Board of Railroad Commission ers. Mr. Jackson belongs to Taunton by right of birth, but he has been so long a part of the public and professional life of this city that he is regarded as a son of FaU River. Ho w-as born November 13, 1851, the son of Elisha T. and Caroline (Fobes) Jack son. He prepared for Harvard College In the Taunton schools and was admitted m 1869. The course was completed In 1873, and the young graduate entered im-mediately upon the study of law under the mentors-hip of Judge Edmund H. Bennett. DUigence marked his application to his books, and in 1874 he enrolled as a student in Boston University. Mr. Jackson received his de gree a year later, and opened an office in Fall River. In 1882 a partnership with David P. Slade was established under the firm name of Jackson & Slade, which be came Jack-son, Slade & Borden upon the accession of Richard P. B-orden. His ability as a lawyer was recognized in 1880 by the city government choosing Mr. Jackson as city solicitor, an office -he fllled with signal credit for nine consecuitive years with one exioeption. His familiarity with -munici-pal affairs led to hds nomination by t'he Repub licans for the mayoralty in 1888, an- act which was ratified by the citizens that year and again in 1889. The two years of ser vice -were prolific In admirable results, as was to be expected from an executive who was so long a -student of- municipal govern ment. One of Mayor Jackson's first sug gestions was the purchase of meat and other supplies for the poor department by con- HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 207 tract and the abandonment of the discredit ed order system. It was through his in sistence that the aldermen ceased to be overseers of the poor and a separate body constituted, a ohan-ge that long ago proved its wisdom. Steps for the protection of the water supply began with the Jackson ad ministration. To it likewise is due the credit for the introduction of the system of police signals -and ambulances, the building of a railroad station in Bowenville. in place of the shack that had been an eye s-ore for years, an-d the completion of the w-ork of reconstructing the City HaU. When Mayor Jack-son left the office it was with the good opinion and hearty commendation of the -citizens, irrespective of partisanship. Governor Wolcott wanted Mr. Jackson to be come Judge of the Superior Court, but the offer of a seat was declined. The Governor, the following year, named -him to be chair man of the. Railroad Commission to fill out the unexpired term of John E. Sanford, re signed. In 1900, Govemor Crane reappointed him for a three-year term, examples which were followed successively by Governor Bates and Governor Guild. Conservatism has marked the administration of -the depart ment during Mr. Jackson's connection with it. Every case has been considered on its merits, and equity has governed every rul ing, with the result that the coramission has won the implicit confidence of an exactin-g public. Shortly after -his arrival in Fall River, Mr. Jackson became connected with the -militia, in which he has not lost inter est, though no longer affiliated. He was elected Second Lieutenant of Corapany "M," First Regiment of Infantry, and not long afterwards Colonel A. C. Wellington made him Paymaster. Promotion to Major was in recognition af his activity and aptitude, and finally, to Lieutenant-Colonel. That honor he held when offlcial duties obliged him to retire with an honorahle discharge. The Com-missioner w-as married June 16, 1882, to Miss -Caroline S. Thurston, whose father was Rev. Bli Thurston, D. D., an honored raster of the Central Congregational Church. He was the first president of the Young Men's Christdan Association, and is a di rector of the Cornell and other corporations. NATHAN DURFEE, M. D.— This well known and highly esteemed citizen, and one of the early physicians of this city, was born in Freetown (now Fall River), in 1799, and like his brother, Thomas R. Durfee, was a graduate of old Brown University, being graduated therefrom in 1824, and the brothers have the honor of being -the flrst graduates from Fall River. .Dr. Dupfee studded meddcine at Harvard University, and graduated with the degree of M.D. He did not practice long, however, as the profession did not appeal to hira, and he entered the drug business, opening a store on what Is known now as Central street, a short dis tance west of Main street. After a few years he gave up the drug business and began life as a raan of affairs. He was a director in tihe Fall River Iron Works, Amer ican Print Works, Fall River Railroad, Caps Cod Railroad, Bay State Steams-hip Com pany, and was the principal owner in the Massasoit Steam Mill, which was destroyed Nathan Durfee, M. D, (Deceased) by flre in 1875. He buUt several flne build ings to give tone and respectability to the city, raore than for an invest-ment. The Qoctor was a large investor in land and owned over one thousand acres. He was president of the Bristol County Agricultural Society and was the originator of the Bristol County Central Society. He -was a trustee of the State Agricultural CoUege and was its treasurer for many years. Dr. Durfee was one of the supporters of the Central Congregational Church, and with Colonel Richard Borden, furnished a large part of the funds to build the beautiful structure, a picture of which can be found in this vol- um.e. The do-otor died April 6, 1876. HON. GEORGE GRIME.— George Grime, the former Mayor of Fall River, was born Septeraber 7, 1859, and is the son of WiUiara B. -and Ruth Mellor Grime, and came to FaU River with his parents in the early part of 208 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER the year 1869. He attended the Morgan street school until the summer vacation, and fro-m that time was employed in the various miUs and printing works In the city until 1879. He attended the Anawan street school for three months in each year, untU he reached the age of flfteen, as required by the factory laws -of Massachusetts. He was unusually studious and -spent his even ings for two ye-ars in t-he com.meroial school of P. A. Hol-mes. In the early part of 1879, during a temporary sto-ppage at the Ameri can Printing Works, where he was employed, he again re-entered the public day schools. Horace A. Benson was then, and now is, principal of the Morgan street sohool, and seeing his earnestness, took him in special Hon. George Grime charge, and by his kindly help was of great service to him. Entrance to the Pall River High School was then only obtained after examination, and Mr. Grime was adrad-tted Into the inistitution In the fall of 1879. After a^stay there of three years, -he passed ad mission examinations to Brown University in the fall of 1882, an-d was graduated there from wdth the degree of B. A. in 1886. He then became a law student in the office of Hon. Milton Reed, and In the following year entered the Harvard Law School, from which he was graduated In 1890 with the degree of LL. B., Brown University the same year conferring upon hi-m the degree of A. M. On April 1, 1890, before -his graduation from the Harvard Law School, Mr. Grime was admitted to the Bristol County Bar, but did not begin practice until the follow ing Se-ptemher. After practici-ng alone for a few months, he was invited by Marcus G. B. Swift to form a law partnership with him upon the dissolution of the flrm of Braley & Swift, caused by the appointraent as a Jus tice of the Superior Court of Hon. Henry K. Braley. The flrra of Swift & Grime con tinued until the death of Mr. Swift, in Feb ruary, 1902, when a new firm was formed by Mr. -Grime and Hon. James M. Swiit, a son of his former partner, who was then the Assistant District Attorney for the Southern District of Massachusetts, and who has since been elected District Attorney. In 1893, Mr, Grime -was elected City Solicitor of -the city of PaU River, to w-hich office -he was thrice elected, declining in 1890 to become a can didate for re-election. In 1896 he was ap pointed by Governor Frederick T. Green halgh one of the Special Justices of the Second District Court, which offlce he held until he resigned in January, 1902, on as suming the offlce of Mayor of the city of Fall River. This offi-ce he held for the years of 1902, 1903 and 1904. During no -other three years in the history of Fall River have more or greater changes taken place. After referendum, the provisions of law relating to the control of pu-bllc parks was vested in a board of flve comraissioners. Mayor Grime believing that the public interests would be alvanced by -placing the control of public cemeteries -in t-he same board, petitioned the Legislature, and secure-d law to that effect. After a care-ful consideration of men, a Park and Cemetery Commission was appointed, of which Reuben C. Small, .Jr., was chair man. Pro-bably no public offl-cials were more severely criticised and censured than these commissioners at the beglnmlng of the work, but before two years had elapsed the value and excellence of their services was uni versally recognized and applauded. The South Park, the North Park, Ruggles Park and other s-maller places were transformed from rubbish heaps into objects of pride, pleasure and recreation. The work of con struction was done in accordance with plans of Olmstead Brothers, of Brookline, Mass., and at the cost of $150,000. The -manage ment of the public cemeteries was taken frora the control -of politics and placed upon a good business foundation. The stupendous 'work of abolishing railroad crossings at grade with streets was begun, and with the HISTORY OF FALL RlVER 2C9 exception of a sraall portion of the work at Water street, was fully completed during his term -of office. The charter -of the city was completely changed, after referendum to the voters. Mr. Grime w-as thus the last Mayor under the old charter and the first under the new. By the new charter, adopted in 1902, to take effect dn 1903, a Board of Aldermen of twenty-seven was elected in stead of the forraer bi-cameral government, consisting of nine Aldermen -and twenty- seven Councilmen, all officials -were elected for two years instead of one, and the old method of committees of the oity govern ment directing and ordering public work was abolished, an-d the control of such was placed in departments under the supervision of -the Mayor. Naturally, friction prevailed, and the charter was required to be officially Interpreted -by t-he Supreme Judicial Court. The new charter required a new cora-pilation of the -ord-inanoes, which was -carefuUy done. The fire department was placed under con trol of three commissioners, and the many chaniges in the raethod of doing business caused -by the charter required a vast araount of the Mayor's tirae. The water sup ply of -the city Is from the North Watuppa Pond, and an expert engineer, Arthur T. Safford, of Lowell, Mass., who -had been re tained -to make investigation concerning the supply, raade his very valuable report during Mayor -Grime's years of office. In -accordance w-ith the expert advice contained in this re port, large tracts of land near the pond were purchased by the city, and the B-oard of Reservoir Commissioners took active means to protect the quality and quantity of the water supply. The full value of this work cannot be estimated at present as it is StiU in progress, and like -all vast improve ments, meets occasionally w-Ith opposition. A -definite policy of street i-raprovemenit was begun; street car sprinklers were intro duced; granite block paving resumed; the old tar concrete sidewalks constructed at the entire expense of the city forever abol ished, and a system introduced of laying artificial stone s-i-dewalks at the equal ex pense of the city and -abutting owners. This policy, while new to Fall River, is univer sally practiced elsewhere, and its value ds now beginning to be appreciated. Since his retirement from the office of Mayor, Mr. Grime has applied hiraself to the practice of law, in conjunction with Hon. James M. Swift and John A. Kerns, Esq., who rece-ntly was admitted to the firm. The old name of Swift & Grime has been retained, and the name of Kerns added. Mr. Grime was mar ried Octotoer 9, 1899, to Helen A. Arnold, daughter of William W. Arnold and Mahaly Arnold, of New Bedford. He Is a director and attorney of the Troy Co-Operative Bank, an-d of other Fall River -corporations. He Is a member of a number of social and other organizations, including the Masons, Elks, Odd Fellows and Knights of Pythias. DANIEL D. SULLIVAN is a Bun-ker HIU boy; that is, he was born in the vicinity of the famous battle-ground of the revolution in Charlestown, where his parents first lo cated 'O-n coming from Ireland. In May, 1844, they came to this cdty, -being among the -early settlers of Irish nationality to make their -homes in Fall River. They -belo-age-d to the sturdy stock which overcame great difflculties in the new country, and imbued their offspring -with love of God and coun try. Educational advantages and industrial opportuniitles were not of the liberal pro portions that confront the risd-ng generation of the -present. Por t-he -avecage -boy It was a case of short schooling and long and -many days as a wage-earner for small pay. Mr. SuUivan had that experience. Hds flrst em ployment was as a backboy for twenty-two cen-ts -a day, in the Troy mill, which then oo-ntained but five and one-half pairs of mules. When he grew older he was pro moted to look after the half mule. His life in a cotton mill continued until 1869, w-hen he formed a partnership with Ed-ward -Har rington, to conduct a grocery. The flrm lasted until 1875. Then Mr. Sullivan started the -undertaking business -at 269 South Main street, and -conducted it actively for thirty years, when he retired to take a well-earned rest. His -sons, James B. and Michael H., who had been associated with him for sev eral years under the firm n-a-me of D. D. SuUivan & Sons, continue the business. Long before he -had the voting privilege he was Interested In politics, being -an ardent Democrat. 'That ardor intensified with years, until the pro-minence of leaders-hip was attained. He cared more for the suc cess and advancement of others than to seek offlce for -himself, and was responsible for more men winning honors and emoluments than any member of the local democracy during the long years of -activity in its coun cils and campaigns. The list of beneflciaries of his -practical Interest is -a long and im pressive one. In 1884, he was chosen a dis- Daniel D. Sullivan HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 211 trict member -of the State Committee, and occupied the honor until 1891, when he was made a Committeeman-at-Large, a post after wards acceptably filled by his -son, James B. Sullivan, iwho inherits tihe father's love of politics. A further honor was conferred by his selection as a delegate to the National conventions held in 1884 and 1888, whioh nominated Grover Cleveland for the Presi dency. In reward for his years of unselfish devotion to the party, he was nominated for P'ositmaster. As the Senate quickly con firmed his appointraent his oora-mlsslon was issued February 1, 1894. The administration that w-as begun that day was prolific In re sults that surprised everyone and brought the offi-ce to a higher state of usefulness than at any time in its -history, at the same tirae establishing for the incumbent the re putation of being the best postmaster Fall River has ever had. Receipts, which at the beginning of Mr. Sullivan's connection with the office ha-d amounted to $54,293.93, reached the total of $70,114.08 w-hen at the end of four years the exigencies -of -politics caused a change in the position against the protest of leading -citizens, raany of whora urged the postmaster's retention for business reasons. An appreciative article in the Fall River "News" said, among o-ther things; "Mr. SulUvani introduced many features into tne service that have been adopted. The free delivery system has been extended, and places that had one -delivery now have three and four. He established sub-stations at Flint and Globe villages, and among -his progressive work was the establishraent of the railway postal oar service -bet-ween this city. Providence -and Newport. To -him is due the credit of abolishing the antique pony mail between this oity and Providence. The entire system of collecting mail and dis tributing it has been reorganized and im proved. The increase in the revenues from $53,000 to -raore than $70,000 is a creditable showing. While Mr. Sullivan has been, and still is, one of the leaders of the Democratic party, it ds no more than just for Republi cans to say that no better -postmaster ever served the city of Pall River. He retires with tbe gratitude of all citizens for work well done, and with their best wishes for the future." An illuminated set of resolutions was -presented by the carriers on -his re tirement. O-n January 26, 1867, in- the oity of Taunton, Mr. SuUivan was united in mar riage to Miss Hannah B. Sullivan. The unio-n was blessed with eight children. namely: James E., Michael H., Mary E., de ceased; Rev. John A., Hannah, deceased; Daniel, deceased; Annie G. and Joseph A. Sullivan. Their mother passed away from earth August 28, 1889. In 1892, Mr. Sullivan took as his second wife Miss Mary Doherty, of this city. They reside in a commodious and attractive residence on Whipple street, and during the sum-mer raonths occupy a large, comfortable house on the heights of Tiverton. Mr. SuUivan is a charter member 0,1 the Clover Club, the Y. M. I. A. C. T. A. Society and the Knights of Columbus. He is a director of the St. Vincent Orphans' Ho-me, and served for twenty years as presi dent of the board of directors of the Fall River Daily Globe Publishing Company, re tiring at the last meeting of the stockholders, but retaining his large interest in t-he -cor poration. Mr. SulUvan has al-ways been -in terested in the affairs of St. Patrick's Church, Globe Village, being among its lar gest contributors. The sweet-toned bell which -sura-mons the parishioners to worship was presented by Mr. Sullivan as a memorial to hds beloved daughter, Mary B. -SuUivan. FRANKLIN GRAY.— One of the city's early settlers and a citizen without a peer in the length and variety of the services he has rendered the public, is Franklin Gray, who has -seen Fall River grow from the vil lage and town of Troy into the commanding position now occupied in the sisterhood of progressive cities. He belongs to the class of octogenarians, of whom there are com paratively few in the population of to-day, who are native born. His father was David Gray, and his mother was Betsey Paine Winslow, daughter of Dr. John Winslow. His native -place Is So-merset, and -he was born May 29, 1824. Although the faraily -ved on a farm and agricultural pursuits were the chief field of usefulness for the youth of those days, Mr. Gray developed a fo-ndn-ess for navigation, and, after 1844, made several voyages. In 1846 he was mar ried to Irene Gardner, and again took up farming life. T-he -discovery of gold in Cal ifornia aroused his interest, and in 1849 Mr. Gray joined the crowd of travelers to the Pacific. Two years of the life was enough for him. In 1853 he became a resident of Pall River, forming a partnership with Ed ward P. Buffinton, the second Mayor of t-he city, to carry on the meat business. His health was not equal to the work which in those days seeraed necessary for the success Franfclin Gray HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 213 of such an undertaking, and in a very few years he was compelled -to retire, much -to the regret of his partner and himself. For the resitoration of his health he made sev eral trips to the West Indies. The offer of the -inspectorship of the -port, made in 1861 by Charles Almy, CoUeo-tor, was -accepted. President Andrew Johnson believed dn t'he spoils theory, and new men were placed in the customs offices. In 1866, Mr. Gray was elected City Marshal, and the following year Hugh McCuUough made him an Assistant Assessor of Internal Revenues. The duties of that position he combined witu the work of assessing legacies and successions In Bris tol county. There was no interruption of this employment until 1873. when C. B. H. Fessenden, Collector, named Mr. Gray as a Deputy Collector of Internal Revenue, an office that -was held until the consolidation of revenue -districts. A commission as a deputy sheriff was secured in 1867, and for twenty-eight consecutive years he filled the position. His work in the several ways in which he had served the public m-ade pos sible the election of Mr. Gray to two offlces in 1877 — as a member of the House of Re presentatives and as a County Commissioner. As long as he cared to hold the -commls- sionership the Republican party honored -hira by repeated nominations, which the citizens of the county ratified at the polls. Eighteen years of creditable connection with county affairs, most of the time as chairman of the board, is his record. Succeeding Governors foUowed the example of Governor Rice in creating Mr. Gray a justice of the peace. Governor William E. Russell, In 1892, issu ing -the last coramission which the citizens applied for. Since 1895 Mr. Gray has been taking life easy on account of his health. His 'W'ife died February 21, 1899, and since then he has been looked after tenderly by his daughter, the wife of Thomas D. Covel, of the firm of Covel & Osborn Company. He was a member of the old Commercial Cl-uJb, which had quarters i-n the Pleasant street side of the Borden block, and when the Quequechan Club was -organized, he -was one of the first to join, continuing a mem ber until 1903. Reading is -his pastime. Al though unable to -be a participant in the affairs of th» life in Which he was so long an important figure, -his interest ds -as keen as ever. His home, at 146 Franklin, street, which the family has held since 1854, -has attractions for a host of friends, who draw freely on the fund of reminiscenc* and in formation at the tongue's end of their es teemed towns-man. HON. OLIVER CHACE, manufacturer. Senator, representative and man of affairs, was born in Swansea, Mass., November 11, 1812. He came with his parents to Fall River in 1813 and obtained his education at the district schools in Pall River, and at the Friends School in Providence, R. I. He was a clerk for a short time after leaving school, and later accepted a clerkship in the -offlce of the cotton manufactory of Chace Luther, his brother being the senior partner. Later he -formed a co-partnership -with Israel Buffinton, under the firm name of Bufflnton & Chace and engaged in the manufacture of cotton laps, which business he continued un til 1838, when, in company with Joseph C. Anthony, firm name of Chace & Anthony, engaged in the manufacturing of cotton yarns. In 1840 he erected the Mount Hope Hon. Oliver Chace (Deceased) Mills, which he conducted himself for twen ty-five years. He was a director in the Na tional Union Bank and was one of the in corporators of the Pocasset National Bank, also the Citizens' S-avings Bank. He was one of the assessors of taxes, overseer of the poor and for several times was elected to the General Assembly of Rhode Island, both as representative and Senator. He was the originator of the Fall River Manu facturers' Mutual Insurance Corapany, which was established largely through his efforts. In politics he was first a Whig, and later joined the Republican ranks. Mr. Chace was a publio-s-plrited man, and always looked upon the hright side of public affairs. He was -a persistent opponent of slavery and -an advocate of temperance and other forms of good society and government. Robert Armstrong Mc'Whirr (Deceased) HISTORY OF FALL RiVER 215 ROBERT ARMSTRONG McW-HIRR.— Al though " 'tis not in mortals to command suc cess," -the -story of success as achieved, if anyone should undertake to write it, would be much like the running brook, in that It went -on forever. Pall River's contribution to the narrative would include among its many paragraphs something descriptive of the life and career of Robert Armstrong McWhirr. The history of the dry-goods business -in this city would be sadly lacking in completeness if there was -.a failure to give an account of the founder of the splendid house conducted by -the R. -A. McWhirr Corapany, for the very narae seeras to -be one with which to con jure. Mr. McWhirr was born in Scotland in 1850. He acquired his early knowledge of the business in which he beoame so much of a factor, in Glasgow. On -coming to the United States, in 1873, he secured employ ment in Providence, remaining there only a short time. Then Fall River became -his place of abode and -of work, for -he joined the clerical force -of E. -S. Brown. Mr. McWhirr was ambitious and confident, and in 1877 the flrm of Ramsey & M-cWhirr began busi ness in a small way. At that -time the young immigrant laid the foundation of his sub- sequo'nt success and fortune. When E. S. Brown removed to North Main street, the store -which he vacated was leased -by Mr. McWhirr, whose purpose to engage In the departmental business, when announced to his friends, led none -of them to question the wisdom of the step. Since, with a capital of -which energy and i-ntellige-nce were the prdncip-al factors, he had demonstrated his capabilities -as a -manager, the outcome of the larger undertaking was foreshadowed as successful. Mr. McWhirr believed in young men as his su-bordin-ates, and the in terest and attention which were applied 'by them to their work contributed materially to the -ample fruition of the plans and 'hopes of t'heir e-ra-ployer. There were no periods of doubt and uncertainty In the conduct of the -business. Development was solid and rapid; progress dominated the -institution, as was attested by the enlargeraents during the life-time of the creator and tihe expan sion afterwards. R. A. McWhirr -died in 1893. He left a wife. Who w-as Miss Eliza beth Jane Greggan, a successful teaoher in the schools of the city, and -a daughter of John Greggan, an estimable citizen, and for many years connected with -the -police de partment. The two children of the -marriage are Robert Ramsay McWhirr, aged twenty- one, and Margaret Armstron,g, aged nineteen. The merchant was a raember of Mt. Hope Lodge of -Masons, the Caledonian Society and tihe Clover Club. Following the death of Mr. McW-hIrr steps were taken to form an Incorporated co-mpany for the -carrying on of the business along the lines deflne-d by him who established them. Articles were prepared in 1893, and the R. A. M-cW-hdrr Company was established with the following offlcers: -President and treasurer, Asa A. Mills; clerk, R. -S. Thom-pson; superintend ent, James H. Mahoney; directors, the above named and Mrs. E. J. McWhirr and Tho-mas Mills. The principal offlcers are -men who -have established reputations in the dry-goods business of PaU River. Although all their work has been confined principally to tho M-cWhirr store, their ability -as merchants -has been shown in -a multiplicity of ways d-n connectdon therewith. It was natural, there fore, that Mrs. McWhirr, in her desire to perpetuate the name, should select for co partners Messrs. Mills, Thompson and Ma honey, among others. The effect of her action is to be seen in the steady advance in their professions and business of the cora pany. Growth is everywhere apparent, and the concern has -become one of tihe largest of Its kind in, southeastern Massachusetts — just -what its founder had dn mind When death closed his successful career. DANIEL HOWLAND CO-RNELL.- The subject of this biographical -sketch is one of the -best known men in Pall River. For years he has been prominent as a real estate oper ator an-d one of the largest dealers in tene ment house property in the -city. Mr. CorneU w-as bom In Dartmouth, M-ass., Pebruary 4, 1830. His parents were Godfrey and Theresa Cornell, of Dartmouth, well known -and highly respected citizens of that section; of the State. When the family removed to Westport, Mass., D-anlel was about six years of age, and received hds early training under the watchful eye of his father, who was -a practical -man of affairs, and -w-ho believed dn hard -work and close -application to win success. For years the young man worked on bis father's farm, and In 1854 went to New 'Bedford, where he and his brother. Pardon Cornell, engaged dn the wholesale meat -business, which w-as a success from the start. During the year 1853, Mr. Cor nell was united in raarriage to Miss Abby A Brownell, of Westport, Mass. The union was tolesse-d witih four chUdren: William C, 216 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER Arthur D., Lister B. and Winifred M. Cor neU, who married J. Bion Richards. Mrs. Cornell died January 13, 1881. In January, 1876, Mr. -Cornell dissolved partnership with his brother Pardon, and moved to Fall River, where he started into the wholes-ale meat business on, his own account, taking his son WUUam C. Cornell into business with him. The new firm prospered and extended its quarters from time to time until it was known as one of the largest in this vicinity. Mr. CorneU retired from 'business in 1894, and since that tirae has operated in real es tate. On January 18, 1882, Mr. Cornell mar ried his second wife, M-iss Era-ma C. Brown ell, of Little Compton, R. I. ; a woraan of i-f?^ ^-"^^MSg^^BSBI^ ^HH ,-.'/& -^I ^^H| r- ^1^1 ^ ^^ JB "i^HHj^^^l Wl ioA^ (fl ^^^m j|H| Daniel Rowland Cornell culture and refinement, Mrs. Cornell has a large circle of friends in the city, and is in terested in -art, music and literature. Her father, Ephriam W. Brownell, died several years ago. He was a well known merchant and trader. Mrs. CorneU's mother, Mrs. Sarah Hicks Brownell, is a daughter of Cap tain Barney Hicks, who was a soldier in the Revolution, and a -man of great bravery, and became famous for his daring exploits upon the high seas. Sarah Hicks Brownell was a teacher during her younger days, -and her memory is enriched by the -many changes she has witnessed during her lifetime. She is StiU living, h-ale and -hearty, and resides at Adamsville, R. I. Mr. and Mrs. Daniel H. Cornell reside in the family residence, at 44 South -street, -this city. Daniel H. Cornell is a director in the Cornell, Arkwright -and Davis Mills, an-d for years has been a prom inent figure in the business -affairs of Pall River. He is a man of sterling honor and integrity, and enjoys the confidence and es teem of his business as.sociates. JAMES H. WILSO-N.— No mention of the old families of this city would be complete which did -not include the Wilson family, of Steep Brook. David Wilson, the great-grand father of the -present Jaraes H. Wilson, was -born in Rehoboth, and later he moved to the eastern part -of F-all River, where -he died in 1835. Hds son, Hezekiah, lived on the spot where the residence of J. H. Wil son stands, and where Job T. Wilson was born. Job T. Wilson was one of the prom inent citizens of F-all River. By his marriage James H. Wilson with Deborah Durfee he w-a-s the- father of twelve children. All are dead exoe-pt James H. Wilson and Mrs. Mary H. Todd. His wife died in 1881, and he survived her twelve years. James H. Wilson was -born here April 23. 1837. When he was very young t-he 'family moved into a house that several years before had served as an inn. It -had been called "The Green Dragon," and had been the stopping place for stage coaches on their way from Newport to Boston. After completing his school life Mr. Wilson- he- HISTORY OF FALL RIVER came an employee of his father. In his twen tieth year he struck out for. himself, -show ing then the traits that made -him a man of mark. In 1863 he becarae interested in the oil business, and made a success of it. Soon afterward Mr. Wilson opened a wood and coal yard, and the business then entered upon has been followed ever since, making hira one of the oldest in that industry in the -city. General teaming and trucking were also done, the moving of heavy -machinery and the erection of iron stacks being a spe cialty. Before the introduction of street cars, dwellers in- the outskirts of the city were in-oonvenienoed because ithere was no puto lic means of conveyance from one part to another. Mr. Wilson, with characteristic enterprise and spirit, recognized the need and decided to meet it. In 1875 -he opened an omnibus line, serving the people of the north and south ends. Public appreciation of the undertakin-g was emphatic, and the owner, -who was hailed as a public bene factor, enjoyed a lucrative patronage for hds omnibuses until the advent of the horse- car in 1883, when they were withdrawn. Ho has been a hard-iworking man from the be ginning of his industrious career, and has been successful, though he lost heavily by being -a stockholder and endorser at the time of the failure of the Sagamore and Border City mills. His first wife was Miss Eunice B. Parish, of this city. She died in 1866, leaving -two daughters, Eunice Ellen and Emma Gertrude. In 1875 Mr. Wilson married Miss Abbie M. Brown, of St. Clair, Mich. She Is the mother of James Harrison. AUce Edna and Louise Wilson. The son is connected wit-h -his father in the coal busi ness and associated with him in various interests. Mr. Wilson is a .stockholder in eight cott-on mills and various corporations. He -m-ade money in his early days -by wise -buying and selling of real estate, and judi cious choice of offerings in mill shares. His faith in the city of his birth now is no less pronounced than in previous years. He be longs to no clubs nor societies, finding in them no substitutes for the comforts of -an attractive -and well-furnds-hed home an-d as sociation witih the members of his house hold. DAVID MORRISO'N occupies a leading place among the oldest merchants of Pall River. By acting in good faith with the patrons of his store, 1455-1457 Pleasanx street, from the -beginning of his career as a dealer dn dry goods, and never deviating from the strict line of honesty and fair deal ing, his name became a synonym for all the qualities that make the reliable -merchant, an-d enter into the pillar of success. That is why, when the people of Plimt vdllage speak of David Morrison, it is always with words of commendation. Mr. Morrison is a native of Glasgow, Scotland. He was born on April 25, 1845, and arrived in Fall River, the place in the new world upon whioh 'his -thoughts centered, on November 1, 1865. The young man did not have among hds possessdons an abundance of wealth, but he had the characteristics whic-h mark his race. He buckled to the work before him of making a living, knowing that idleness David Morrison would toe no more prolific in results in Amer ica than in -Scotland. On July 11, 1874, Mr. Morrison started in the business 'which he has followed for so many years. He was one of the pioneers of 'dry-goods sellers in the eastern section of the cdty. The new merchant set out to meet public needs, and a patronage was developed that made the venture a success that has endured. Public life had no allurement for Mr. Morrison. O-n the contrary, he espoused a ipolitical cause which militated against preferment at the bands of fellow citizens. He was a rigid disbeliever in -the virtues of alcoholic bever ages, and his -conTictions led him to take the ground that the licensing of the sale 2J8 HISTORY OF FALL RlVER of intoxicants is incompatible with the prin ciples of good government. NaturaUy, he was led -to advocacy of prohibition, .which has no -more ardent upholder in the com munity. His time and his raoney he has given freely in furtherance of -the work of eradiicating the drink -habit by raoral suasion and legislation. Discouragement has not weakened his ardor one jot. One who held relations -so intimate with his neighbors as has been the case with Mr. Morrison, -became their counsellor and servant on -many oc casions. That led him to seek a commis sion as justice of the peace, and in 1898, the document was signed -by Governor Roger Wolcott. At the expiration of the term in 1905, Governor W. L. Douglas atte-sted his confidence in the worth of the justice by witih M-ary Dunnlgan -took place July 21, , 1809. It was a love raatch, which, in the alchemy of life, acquires new virtues. The home was blessed with seven children, all of whom live. They are Andrew Hill, for merly a meraber of the State Senate; Grace Smith, Je-anie, Jessie Ailsa, Mary Eliza, David Clyde and William Dunnlgan Mor rison. Mrs. M-orrison passed away June 11, 1885. ORIN BRADFORD WETHBRBLL.— Among the many problems unmastered in the early days of cotton mianufacturlng in Pall River, despite -the deep study that was given -to them by tihe fathers of the indus try, was t'he serious one of providing a cov ering for 'the top rolls used in spinning that Orin Bradford renewing t-he commission. The principal di version of Mr. Morrison Is found in Inter esting himself in the affairs of t-he United Presbyterian Church, where he is a devout and faithful worshipper. He belongs to the Retail Merchants' Association, and Is- an honorary member of Clan McAlpine, No. 153, Order of Scottish Clans. His marriage Wetherell would produce results commensurate with the needs -of yarn m-aklng. Various expedi ents were made use of without the real difflculty being surmounted. At that -time word came that Daniel H. Wetherell, who was connected with the Hopewell Mill, of Taunton, was an expert on the matter which was so perplexing, and he was called to this HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 219 city hy Laz-arus Borden, Who was agent of the Metacoraet Manufacturing Company, to apply -his knowledge to the covering of rolls, on t'he promise of a lucrative trade. There fore, Mr. Wetherell became the first maker of roller coverings in- Pall River, and prob ably in the country, and laid the foundation of an industry with which the faraily n-a-me has been associated ever since that time. Almost all of the machinery used dni roller establishments was made from Mr. Wether- ell's -designs and ideas, .a fact that proves very strongly the close grasp on the device he -had from the very beginning. As the demands increased he found assistance necessary, and a nephew, -ano'bher Daniel Wetherell, -was engage-d. The younger man developed under the tutelage of his relative, and when death removed the latter, he suc ceeded to the h-uslness. Its growth was co-incident -with the development -of oatton manufacturing here, and the services of Orin B. Wetherell were secured and a partner ship under the firm name -of D. & O. B. Wetherell iw-as established. When the senior partner died, in 1893, Howard B. Wetherell, son of O. B. Wetherell, -becarae his suc cessor, -and the buying trade -earae -to know father and son -as O. B. Wetherell & Son, the title still borne by the partners. Orin B. Wetherell is a native of Taunton, -the date of his birth being February 14, 1830. His parents were Thom-as and Caroline S., the former -dying 1869, and the mother 1879. When his schooling was finished, he mas tered the -art of shoe-making. In that voca tion he was -an expert, as he has -been in t-he covering of rolls. An opportunity to better 'his lot -presented itself in 1852, and Mr. Wetherell went -to -Stoughton -to enter the employ of Martin Wales, a leading man ufacturer of shoes. He was in that town, when, in 1858, his brother, Daniel, m-ade a proposition iw-h-lch, though involving a radi cal change in bent of -mind -and industrial trend, was sufficiently attractive to lead to removal to the city where his home and all of his interests have been -maintained for nearly half a century. -Besides carrying on thedr own business, Wetherell & Son -have a large interest in the Davis & McLane Manu facturing Company, which is engaged in t-he same line, entitling -bhem to the claim of being the -owners of the largest plant for covering rolls in the country. Their policy toward their employees ds such that labor troubles are unknown, and workmen have grown gray in the service. Notwithstanding the closeness of his application to business, Mr. Wetherell finds time to show interest In clean sport. His predilection is for a speedy norse, though he is not -addicted to racing. In politios he is a staunch Republican, but devotion to that party has not led him to seek office. His interest in -the progress of Pall River has been of the heartiest, and whatever Influence he could wield has been exerted in behalf of its welfare and institu tions. Por the pessimist among his towns men he has -only words of reproof, for his contention is that if the men w-ho are in business here are not upholders of the com munity development is impossible. Mr. Wetherell's family consists of Mrs. Weth erell, who was Miss Hannah M. Barney when they were married in Warren, R. I., in 1805, and Howard B., his associate in business. He -was the flrst initiate -at the formation of King Philip Lodge of Masons, and the fraternity has none more loyal. The Weth erell family has always attended the First Baptist Church. WILLIAM J. DUNN.— Half a dozen men of the type of William J. Dunn would bring about the transformation of the -business life of the city very quickly. Nearly every successful man, we find, began life in -an humble way, and carved out their own for tune by bard work and close application to business. Mr. Dunn is a conspicuous ex- a-m-ple of the self-made man. He was -born in Bngla-nd, in 1865, and has been in Fall River for twenty-four years. After leaving school he assiste-d his father, who carried on the second-hand machinery business in an hum ble -w-ay. When -his -son was taken into fhe business he worked hard and long, and soon beoame an expert in the buying and selling of raerohandise of all kinds, which neces sitated the era'ployment of a great deal of capital and any amount of shrewdness a-nd diplomacy to win success. Mr. Dunn was equal to the task set for -himself, -and soon won the confldence and esteem of the busi ness men throughout Massachusetts. He has bought a great many mills and disposed of them at -a good profit, and is considered a fine judge of real estate values. For sev eral years he was engaged In the manufac ture of absorbent cotton, in Tiverton, and conducted it successfully until 1895, -when he sold the machinery, etc., to J. H. Estes & Sons. The -Dunn block is a fine piece of property, nicely located, and shows the dis cernment of the owner. In 1895, Mr. Dunn 220 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER organized the Fall River Realty Trust, with holdings estimated at $300,000 for the bene fit of his family. He has a large and at tractive resi'denoe fronting the Seaconnet river, Portsmouth, R. I. Mr. Dunn is hap pily married to Miss Kate Smith, and they have a faraily of five children — four boys and one girl. His oldest son is a very bright young man and is now a student at the high school. HON. MILTON REED.— This prominent meraber of the legal profession was born in Haverhill, Mass., October 1, 1848. He -Is the second -son of WiUiara and Sophia (Ladd) Reed, and through both father and raother descended from old English stock. He received -his education in his native place, and after a preparatory course en tered Harvard University an-d was grad uated with high honors in 1808, the young est man in the class. Soon after gradua tion he came to Fall River and became edi tor of the "Daily News," but subsequently studied law at the Harvard Law School and was admitted to practice in 1872. Since he began the -practice of the law in this city he -has stood among the leading men in his profession, and is considered a great orator and -debater. In 1880 he was .chosen Sen ator for the Second Bristol District and made a re-putation. for himself at the State House as a brilliant legislator. He -declined a re nomination the following year. In 1881 and 1882 he -was the Republican nominee Ior Mayor. Mr. Reed -was defeated by a small majority. In 1884 he was elected Mayor of the oity and served one terra. Mr. Reed is a highly cultured gentleman, an-d is always in great demand whenever any un usual public function Is given. He has few equals as a -pu-blic s-pea-ker and 'his knowl edge of general history and kindred works are well known by the citizens of Pall River. JOHN WESTALL, M. D., belongs to the large and prominent class of self-made raen who have raade their impress upon- the in dustrial, com-mercial and professional life of Fall River from the very earliest days. He is a good type of the man who, by en ergy and applicati-on, -combined with ambi tion an-d resolution, obtains a top position on t-he ladder of success and does not de scend. He was born in England, May 10, 1801, and has been in this city for twenty- three years. In that time he has made a name as a citizen alive to his duties and as a physician of skill. He supplemented his schooling by a course in the Greenwich Academy, after whic-h -he became a student in the Dartmouth Medical School, In Han over, N. H., where he obtained his diploma in June, 1891. He was not long in getting a footing as a practitioner and securing a standing dn the eyes of medical men. His reputation and practice have expanded with years, until he has become one of the most successful doctors in the city. Politics has a fascinatdon for the doctor. He is one of the le-ading members of the Republican party. In 1898 he represented the Second Ward as a member of the Board of Alder men. Re-election foUowed, and in 1899 the Alderraan had the honor of being selected by bis colleagues to be c-hairman. He filled John Westall, M. D. the post with ability, and m-ade a creditable record for practical interest in m-unlcipal affairs. His intimate knowledge of govern mental raatters has brought his name pro-minently forward in connectiion with the mayoralty. Dr. Westall is connected with the Massaohusetts, Southern Massachusetts and Fall River Medical Societies, the Free Masons, the Independent Order of Odd Fel lows, the Knights of Pythias and the Sons of St. George. His marriage 'with Miss Elizabeth E. Hargraves, of this city, took place in July, 1883. Their ho-me is at 937 South Main street, wnere the doctor also -has his office. They have one daughter, Lillian G. Westall. HISTORY OF FALL RiVER 221 REUBEN COOK SMALL, JR.— In the person, of Reuben Cook Small, Jr., Fall River has a type of the man -who, 'after achieving a large measure of success in business, dup licated the re-cord when entrusted with t-he responsiibiUty of public office. Municipal history contains no choniole of an achieve ment -in tihe city equaling that to the credit of the subject of this .sketch. It was cora mon knowledge what he helped to accom plish dn .the manufacturing line, but few realized his capiabilities -as an administrator of a trust and his aptitude for public life In -the -Durfee mill No. 2 as a backboy. His ambition to get ahead was strong, and his industry and traits attracted the favorable notice of departmental overseers. Promo tion was frequent, and ultiraately he became overseer of the cloth roo-m in -the Richard Borden Mfg. Co. Mr. -Small thought that he saw a way for still further progress -by sup plying mills with ban-ding and cotton ropes. In 1885 he and his brother, Elisha Holmes Small, had a shed built at 519 Prospect street. A -s-m-all amount of machinery was installed, an,d with one -helper the brothers Re-Jben Coofc Small, Jr. until he was induced to take a hand in the management of the park systera and the cemeteries belonging to the people. Mr. Small Is a native of Provincetown. The date of hii-s birth is March 23, 1859. The paternal Small con-ducted -a grocery, grain and lumber bualness in the cape town until a few years ago, when he retired to spend the remainder of his days as an honored member of the household of his daughter, 48 HiUarde street. Reuben C. 'Small, Jr., became a resident of this city in 1872. Aft er a brief schooling he secured employment started business. Their principal capital was represented 'by unUmited energy and confldence, and constant concern for the quality of their productions. That made a reputation for the flrra, -an-d it -was not very long before the Small Bros.' rope and band ing were dn demand by mill superintendents. Increase-d orders entailed enlargement of f-acilitie-s -and quarters, leading to -tihe erec tion of the large building now in use, the -employment of about 100 -hands, an output of banding, tubular braids -and spool tapes of over 1,000,000 pounds, and a patronage 222 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER fch-at extends to all over the country. In politics Mr. Small is a Republican. He served as a memtoer of the city committee in 1896, and has been -active at the caucuses- i-n the interest of good no-mdn-ations. When the park commission iwas created one of the first names considered by Mayor George Grime was that of R. C. Small, Jr., w-ho was recommended strongly for membership as a citizen who could be relied upon to look for results with the appropriation and not be influenced by pollti-cal expediency. He was nominated, -and was the unanimous choice of the citizens associated with him for the ohairmanshi-p. The' position im posed arduous -duties upon the holder, but Mr. Small was interested in the department, and lie gave freely of his time to the city. During hds three years of service, he held the chair 'with-out challenge. The exigencies of politics brought aibout his retireme-nt, greatly to the regret of leading citizens, who united in a petition to Mayor John T. Cough Un to retain Mr. Small. ' Had he a free band there is no doubt -that the executive would have responded favorably to the ap pUcation, for he shared in t-he general ap preciation of the commissioner's work. It was owing to Mr. Small's close supervision of the Improvement that the park system entered upon a stage of development that will make it im, future years one of the de lights of tihe city. He Is connected witih Narragansett Lodge of Masons and Friendly Union Lodge of Odd Fello-ws, and worships -.n St. Paul's Meit'hodist Episcopal Church. He was married June 7, 1882, to Annie A. Standish, a member of the Myles Standish family of colonial history. The fruits of the union are two children — Edith Standiah Small, the wife of Raymond D. Borden, a son of Brio W. Borden, and Norman Cook Small, the baby of the family. Mr. -Sraall -is a ho-me-loving citizen, -and finds his chief pleasure in driving about the country with t-he merabers of his family when the weath er is suited to outdoor life. SAMUEL WATSON is well-known an-d highly respected by tho cotton manufac turers of Fall River. He was born in Ne-w Castle, England, and came here in 1854, where he found a job as useful ma-n in the old Robeson Mill, the only position he could find -at the time, and worked there for about ten months, -after w-hich he secured employ ment as a second hand in the mule room of the Metacomet Mills, -where he worked for four years, after which time he went on a vacation to his old home dn England an-d remained three months. Mr. Watson came -back to Fall River and took charge of the spinning room of the old Robeson Mill, which had been changed from a print works to a cotton mill, and remained for about ten months, when he once more changed, an-d took charge of the spinning room -at the Line-n Mill, where he located for three years. Having accumulated some money and 'being desirous of getting along dn the world, Mr. Watson started in business for himself as a manufacturer of banding and ropes, locating his establishment on Mul berry street, on the old Blackstone lot, where he reraained for .a number of years, furnish ing banding and ropes to all the mills in the city. Mr. Watson found that it -would be im'possible to make -his business a paying success without water poiwer, so he decided to give up hand work and locate in -a build ing where he could get the necessary po'wer to make his business pay. He secured from Richard Borden p-a-rt of .the ra-aohdne shop in t'he Anawan Mill, where he wa-s furnished with water power, an-d the proper facilities to conduct his business on a larger scale, and began the raanufa-cture of spindle -ban-d ing. The raianagement of -t-he Linen Mill wanted Mr. Watson to give up his -manu iacturing business -and come back to them and take charge of their spinning -depart ment. This he refused to do, but compro mised 'by retaining his business and taking charge of the spln-ning -department of the Linen Mill, where he re-m-ained for two years. When the Tecumseh Mill was erect ed Mr. Watson took charge of the spinning with the same privilege of continuing his private manufacturing business, and also at an increase of salary. 'When the Merchants' Mill iwas started Mr. Watson was engaged at a still larger salary to take charge of the -sipinning department, always kee-ping up his m-anufacturdng business and coming and godng as he -thought best. He remai-n-ed at the Merchants' Mill for two ye-ars, and then returned to England for rest and recreation, where -he remained for nine months. Mr. Watson came -back home to Pall River very much refreshed, and, with Jaraes Warring and D-aniel MoGowen, organized and -budlt the Narragansett Mills and bec-ame superin tendent. Por five years he worked hard and finally -had to stop on account of the condition of his health. He returned to England, where the climate seemed to -agree Samuel Watson 224 HISTORY OF FALL RlVER with him and stayed for four years, travel ing i-n various countries of the world. In 1881 Mr. Watson returned to Fall River and 'became -superintendent of the Flint Mills, remaining in that position for three years, w-hen ill health forced hi-m to retire from active labor. Mr. Watson was married to Miss Elizabeth Rowbottom, of Glossop, Eng land. She died in 1892. The family resi dence is at 979 Easton avenue. It is a fine old -place with well-kept lawns and flowers, and trees abound e-verywhere. Mr. Watson is a Republican In politics and was ap- new Easton avenue school, "The Samuel Watson School," in -his honor. Mr. Watson's life has been busy and eventful, and it shows what can be accom-plished by hard work and sincerity of purpose. He is a credit to old England, the land of his birth, and an honor to the city of his adoption. HUGO A-DELARD DUBUQUE. — Al though it ds the boast of the -people of the United States that "this is God's country," and 'that its institutions of learning and comimerce are inoo'mparable both for the Hon. Hugo Adefard pointed by Mayor Greene one of the flrst water commissioners, serving four years. He superintended -the building of the cof fer dam at the Narrows bridge, and has always taken a-n interest -in the progress of FaU River. Mr. Watson presented a beautiful -m-arble -bust of Dickens to the Public Library, and it was he -w-ho gave the soldiers' monuraent to Richard Borden Post No. 46, Department of Massaohusetts, which adorns the entrance to South Park. Mayor John T. Coughlin recoenizizng his -worth as a publicispirited citizen -has named the Dubuque. City Solicitor Standard of excellence and for their pro ducts, it has to be 'admitted that good things come from other countries and suf fer nothing in comparison with those which are of our own soil. What has come to us from the Dominion of Canada, when tested in the crucible of experience and demonstration, has been found to have merit of the 'kind that endures. This is true e-S'peoially of its men and women. A strik ing figure 'among those who became resi dents of this 'City is Hugo Adelard Dubuque, who has shown himself an able lawyer and HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 225 a scholarly -and public-spirited gentleman, a-nd belongs to the family of the founder of Dubuque, Iowa. The foundation of his largeness was laid deeply and soundly in the schools of Cavignac, where he was born, November 4, 1855, the son ot Molse and Esther (Matthieu) Dubuque and in, a col lege In St. Hyaodnthe, Que. His collegiate course completed, -Mr. Dubuque beoame a resident -of Fall River in 1870. -Seven years later 'he received t-he degree of bachelor of laws at Boston University, and the s-a-me year he was -admitted to the bar. Just as £-oon as t-he law would permit, he threw offi allegiance to the government of Great Britain and enrolled himself as a good citizen of the United States. With hi-m to be a voter meant the serious view of Its duties and respo-n-s'I-billties. Besides exercising the suffrage faithfully hd-miself, he appealed to his countrymen so effective ly that they partook of -his enthusiasm an-d energy, and a naturalization movement de veloped which 'has continued to this day, resulting in a large increase in the voting po-pulation. Mr. Dubuque made his debut as a c-an-di-d-ate for an elective office In 1889, when he was nominated and elected to -the Legislature. After an interim of eight years he -was Induced again to offer himself as a public -servant -a-nd lawmaker, and the repre sentative district accepted hi-m willingly. His career at -ti'ne State house was marked with such -signal ability that -he was chosen for anot-her term. An invidious distinction among citizens who have -been. sent to the Legislature is unavodda-ble, because it has happened ofte-nest that men of mediocre attainments than those measuring the full stature of qualificatiion have appeared from Fall River. In the -smaller list of repre sentative men the n-ame of H. A. Dubuque stands out promdnen-tly. To natural ability he joined an unflagging interest in the work of a representative, an-d rapidly rose to fame as a -statesman. During the session of 1898, the Dubuque law, so-called, was enacted. Its real title is "Equitable process after judgment." It compels a man to pay debts for necessaries or labor by inst-aU- ments according to his means, and has proved to be a le-gisl-ative benefaction to debtor and creditor alike. The City Council in 1900 elected Mr. Dubuque by joint baUot to the office -of City Solicitor. To its duties he carried the same quaUties he manifested as a practitioner and law-maker, being the flrst appointee to the legal department under the charter adopted in 1902, and succeeding hd-mself in the ¦ad-minlstratdon of Mayor John T. C'oughlin, which began in 1905. In 1905, on -the recommendation of Lieutenant-Gov ernor G-uild, the solicitor was named by Gov ernor William L. Douglas as flrst civilian on t'he commission created to erect a monument to Chevalier ,de St. iSauvens, who died in Bo-s-ton In 1778, during the American Revolu tion. He is looked upon as a speaker of magnetic force In French and English. Un til the engrossing cares of -his profession precluded the acceptance of invitations, he was dn demand for twenty-flve years as a lecturer on the Constitution and institutions of the United -States, to whioh he gave care ful thought. Mr. Dubuque possesses one of the best collection of books on t-he history and p-hilosophy of law, which -he keeps in creasing by importations from Europe and intelligent selections at home. His general library will hear com-parisoii w-Ith any in the cdty. A -book is in preparation by him which will treat extensively of the history of per sonal liberty. He stands high In -the legal profes-sdon, -an-d is regarded as a leader among his French co-mpatriots in New Eng land, -having -taken p-art In every convention of Frenoh-Canadians In the eastern -States since 1879, and served as president of the Pranoo-Amerlcan Historical Society, w-hich meets in Boston twice -a year. His married life has been of the -happiest. He took for his wife, in 1881, Annie M. Coughlin, a sister of ex-Mayor John W. Coughlin, -and a cousin of Mayor Jo-hn T. Coughlin. Three -daugh ters -have -blessed their union — ^Pauline, Hel- ene and Marie. The family home is at 263 W-alnut street, and the latch-string is always on t-he -outside for friends and acquaintances. There t-he attorney is to be found when not occupied in municipal affairs and legal mat ters. JOHN B. TRAINOR, M. D.— Coming here a stranger in 1897, opening an office for the practice of -medicine, and in nine years at taining the place he now holds, such in epit ome is the story of the career of Dr. John B. Trainor. SkiU, hard -work -and persistency are the foundation. Dr. Trainor is a native of Prince Bdward Island, Canada. After finishing the course in the -public schools of his -birth-place, -he enrolled as a student of Prince of -Wales College. At that insti tution he -made up his mind to bec-ome a pihysici-an. To gratify that aspiration, the young -man entered Canada's greatest Institution of learning, McGUl University, 226 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER of Montreal, a diploma from w-hich con tains the assurance that the possessor has been well grounded in the branches of learning that are taught there. W'here to locate, the one question that en gages the serious attention of the young man standing on the threshold of -his career, and with ambition to 'be somebody, was answered by Dr. Trainor coming to Fall River. The doctor is not one of those who are prone to say that they might have chosen better, for his success has been such -as to satisfy the most ardent longing to get -ahead. journey to Boston or New York for such at tention find all that they require through the enterprise -of Dr. Trainor. Politics has no attra-cti-on for Dr. Trainor. Not only is he a believer in independent voting, but he prac tices his -belief. His home and his profession absorb his time. He was married happily, AprU 25, 1900, to Miss Margaret Ella Brady, daughter of one of the early settlers in Globe village, an-d a successful teacher iu the city schools. T-hey have an attractive home at 1521 South Main street, where the physi cian's office is located. Pie Is examiner for HHIhBH^I^^^^^^ 91 HH ^m| w^m ^^^^1 P^^kwSbhk ^'' ^^fe? ^mBk MUlii^Hk ^^^. ¦j ¦ ^^^^BS^^^^H^^^BH^^ 1 B SJ 31 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^& «&(- iHH^m^^^>'^ M Ih John B. Trainor, M. D. He gives special attention to general physi cal therapy, including electro-therapy, ther- maero-therapy, mechano-tiherapy, hydro-ther apy, etc. T-he physician has installed an up- to-date equipment in these lines in Ste. Anne's Hospital, where he superintends this kind of work. In addition to attending to the du ties devolving on hira as a member of the surgical staff of the institution. His office at 1521 South Main street contains all the improved devices for the most efficient treat ment with therapy. As a consequence, per sons who have been -obliged in the past to the Equitable Life Assurance Society, Secur ity Mutual of New York and Columbia Na tional Life -of Boston, surgeon for the City Hospital, -and physician for St. Vincent's Or phanage and surgeon to Ste. Anne's Hospital. Dr. Trainor flnds diversion by -attending the meetings of the Massachusetts Medical So ciety, Fall River Medical Society, Knights of -Columbus, Royal Arcanum, Massachu setts Catholic Order of Foresters, Ancient Older of Hibernians, Foresters of America, and the Clover Club. He takes an active interest in all of these organizations. HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 227 HON. FRANK M. CnACE, Senator frora the Second Bristol Dis-t-rict, which comprises the city of Pall River and the towns ot Digh ton, Somerset and Swansea, is the son of C. Frederick Chace, a native of Swansea, and Mary E. Tobey, of Freetown, and was -born In Brooklyn, N. Y., April 10, 1856. After graduation frora the polytechnic institute there he -went into business and was em ployed hy James Fiske, Jr., at the Erie Rail- ro-ad offices until 1872. He then engaged dn the oil business with H. B. Cooper until 1879, when he removed to this city, where his father was paymaster at the Slade Mills. From 1879 till 1882 he represented the Vac uum Oil Co-mpany here, and from 1882 till Hon. Frank M. Chace 1898 was -manager of the branch office here of J. A. Foster & Co., a Providence jewelry house. When he took charge the store was doing a bus-iness of $12,000 a year. Mr. Chace -doubled this during the first twelve months, -and when he retired was doing a business of $07,000 a year. He had been more or less in politics for some years, but until 1898 had held no office. He was elected to the Common Council from Ward Seven, in 1899 and again in 1900, and in 1901 was sent to the Massachusetts Legis lature, where he was m-ade a member of the Important co-mmittee on cities. He was re elected in 1902 and 1903, and in both terms served on the committees of street raUways and on banks and banking. In 1904 he -was elected to the -State Senate, superseding a Dem-ocrat who h-ad the previous year defeat ed -the Republican candidate -by 900 votes. Senator Chace received a majority of 1,100. He was a member of the committees on pub lic charitable institutions and banks -an-d banking, an-d chairman of the committee on printing. He w-as re-elected in 1905 an-d 1906, and -became chairman -of the public char- I'ta-ble co-mmittee, in which position he has been able to be of much assistance to his oonstituents in Fall River. Although a sin cere and earnest Republican, Senator Chace has always believed that In public office he represen'ted no one party -or -section of the peo-ple, but all, and has worked untiringly for the best Interests of his constituents. In his position as a mem-ber of the committee on public charitable institutions he has been able to serve many In this city who -have oeen -in need of aid, and -has been glad to do so. He h-as been especially active in urging the need of a consumptives' hospital in this section of the -State within easy reach of the mill people of Fall River. He has been a consistent friend of the labor interests, -and as -a member of -the committee on banks -and banking has been able -to be of material -as sistance to the financial institutions and to check lU-advise'd legislation. Personally, he ds a warm-heart3d, humane gentleman, ex ceedingly courteous, obliging and unassum ing. Hds repeated election to offlce is proof of 'his -strong popularity. Senator -Chace w-as married when -he was eighteen years of -age, to Amanda L. Dubois, of Flushing,. Long Island. They have had twelve children, of whom six are living, three boys and three girls. JAMES MARCUS SWIFT was born in Ithaca, Michigan, November 3, 1873, being the eldest son of Marcus George Barker and Mary Duncan (Milne) Swift. -His ancestors on -both sides -were among the early settlers in this country, some of whom were dis tinguished in its early history. Though born in Michigan, Mr. Swift, on his father's side, traces his ancestry directly back to William Swyft, who landed on Cape Cod, in 1636. His father was born in Michigan March 12, i848. After spending two years in the army during the Civil War, 'he attended Adrian College, and graduated from the University of Michigan Law School in 1872. In Decem ber, 1874, he removed to FaU River, where he held a prominent position in -all matters in which he was interested, an-d was a leader 228 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER in professional, business and political circles until the time of his death, February 22, 1902. He -was, for sixteen years, a partner of the Honorable Henry K. Braley, now Jus tice of the Supreme Coiv;t of Massachusetts, and -was for a number of years on the sohool com-mittee, and was prominent as command er -of tihe Richard Borden Post, G. A. R., and Judge Advocate General of the Department of M-assachusetts, G. A. R., in 1897. After the appointment of his partner, Mr. Braley, to the Bench, he formed a partnership witih Honorable George -Grime, under the firm prominent dn -athletic, musical and fraternity circles. In -September, 1895, he entered the Harvard Law School, where he pursued his legal studies to the end of the second year, being -compelled to leave the law school and enter his father's -offlce, by reason of the latter's Ulness. The firm of Swift & Grime has continued since tihe death of Mr. Swift's father, the other -members of the firm now being ex-M-ayor George Grime and John A. Kerns. In January, 1899, he was appointed Assistant District Attorney for the Southern District of Massachusetts, -by the Honorable James Marcus Swift name -of Swift & Grime, into which firm the subject of this sketch was taken upon his leaving the law school. James M. Swift was educated in t'he piiblic schools of Fall River, graduated from the B. M. C. Durfee High School in 1891 class historian, at the age of seventeen years. In the fall he entered the Michigan State Normal School at Ypsilanti, Michigan, and the following year he entered the sophomore class of the University of Michigan, at -Ann Arbor, from which he grad uated with the -degree of Bachelor of Arts in June, 1895. While in coUege, he was Lemuel Le Baron Holmes, of New Bedford, then District -Attorney, and now an Associ ate Justice of the Superior Court, and he held this office for three and one-half years. Upon the appointment of Judge Holmes to the Bench, Mr. Swift served for a time as acting District Attorney, and in the fall of 1902, -after a spirited campaign, he -received t-he Republican nomdnatio-n for the office of District Attorney, -and was elected by a large majority to serve out the unexpired term of Judge Holmes, being the youngest man who ever held -suc-h an office in the Common- HISTORY OF FALL RiVER 229 wealth. In November, 1904, he was re-elect ed District AtLorney tor the term of three years, which office he now holds. In 1902, ...r. Hwilt was appointed the only Master in C-nancery in Bristol County, to succeed his lather, and he also succeeded him as a trus tee of the Citizens' Savings Bank and a mem ber and secretary of the Board of Invest ment of the same institution, which posi tions he still 'holds. Succeeding to the ex tensive practice of his father, Mr. Swift has taken a prominent part in court trials, and has been nota-bly successful in oases before juries, both civil and criminal. S.nce his return to Fall River, he has a.ways been Interested in political matters, taking an active part for the Republican party. Mr. S-wift's ra-an-y and varied inter ests are shown -by 'his raem,bers-hlp in the lo.lowing organizations: First Congrega- t.onal Churc-h and Society, Congregational C-ub, of which he is president; King Philip Lodge, F. & A. M., Fall River Royal Arch Chapter, Fall River Council, Royal and Se lect Mastei-s, Godfrey De Bouillon Command- eiy of Knights Templar, Past -Chancellor of Star Lodge, Knights of Pythias; Fall River Lodge of Elks, Central Repu-blican Club, of Pall River; State Republican Club, Queque chan Club, University Club, Harvard Club, PaU River Yacht Club, Fall River Golf Club, B. M. C. Durfee High School Alumni Asso ciation and Athletic Association, the Massa chusetts Clti-b, and the Boston Athletic Club. Mr. Swift is unmarried. WILLIAM C. DAVOL was born January 5, 18C0, in Pall River, and while -a lad entered William C. Davol (Deceas.d) the Troy MUl, which at this time was just beginning operations. He was made over seer of the spinning in 1819, and superintend ent in 1827, whioh position 'he retained until 1841, when he 'became a partner in the firm of Hawes, Marvel & Davoi. Mr. Davol was an inventive genius ,an'd many parts of the machinery which is in use to-day was in vented by him. He was constantly at work on different parts of machinery, improving and using -his skill for the. betterment of the cotton industry. Mr, Davol was for many years connected with the various corpora tions of this: city, and at his -death was one of the leading men in -Southern Massachu setts. JAMES CHARLES BRADY.— The leader in the drug trade of Fall River is James C. Brady. This -dl-stinotlon he obtained by dint of personal energy an-d endeavor. He is a son of Fall River, where he was born July 5, 1862. His parents, James K. and Mary Brady, came from Ireland in 1843. The father died in 1890, and the mother in 1901, leaving six -children. Mr. Brady entered the high school as a member of the class of 1875, having graduated that year from the Morgan, -street school. On completing his third year term, he em-barked in the business in which he as attained so much promi nence and success, becoming a clerk in the drug store of H. G. Webster in the Granite Block. Mr. Webster's successor was B. P. Riddell, for whom the clerk worked until June, 1886. Mr. Brady had become a skill ed pharmacist by that time, and he decided to open a -store for himself in the location which he has ever since been occupied. Business dncreased -so rapidly -that in a short -time an -adjoining -store in the block was engaged, -an-d -both made into one, re sulting in the Brady establishment becom ing the largest of the kind in Bristol County. In Janu-ary, 1903, -another store, situated at the corner of -S-outh M-ain and Spring streets, was opened, and -both are in successful op eration un-der the personal management of the owner. Although deeply engrossed In business, Mr. Brady finds time to give to the welfare of the city of his nativity. Public spirit and not -am-bition caused him to ac cept the tender of a place as a member of the Overseers of the Poor from Mayor .lohn W. CoughUn, in 1894. Successive Ma yors voiced the confidence manifested by the executive who selected Mr. Brady, his last comradsslon being handed to him by Mayor John T. Coughlin. His work on the board is not -perfunctory; he is in close touch with every detail and frequently visits the institutions of which the poor department 230 HISTORY OF FALL RiVER has charge. The druggist is a prorainent factor -in the United Drug Company of -Bos ton, whioh he serves as a member of the dire-ctorate and the executive committee. He is a member of the Massachusetts Phar maceutical Association, was for two years president of -the Retail -Merchants' Associa tion, dn -the purposes of which he is a leader, and belongs to the Clover and Quequechan Clubs. In 1889 -his marriage with Miss Kate A. Cunneen, a teacher in the local schools and daughter of James E. Cunneen, one of the oldest of the city's manufacturers, took came to the United States and settled in New Haven. In that -city Father Hughes received his schooling and prepared for col lege. He selected the priest-hood for a vocation- and entered St. Charles' College in Maryland. The course was completed in 1800 w-Ith distinguished honors, and the stu dent immediately proceeded to Rome for -his ecclesiastical training, being one of the first students received -at the American col lege In the eternal city. The studies lasted six years, the ceremony ot ordination, being performed February 24, 1866, by the vice- James Charles Brady place. They have two children — Agnes C, 16, and Catherine C, 2 years. The family home is one -of the attractive -buildings of the hill section of the city, -and -has -all the oom-forts which a -husband and a wife of refined taste could ohoose. Mr. Brady's sur viving -brother is Rev. John E. Brady, pastor of a Catholic church in Phenix, R. I. REV. CHRISTOPHER HUGHES, D. D., is pastor of -St. Mary's parish and rector of the cathedral. He is a native of Ireland. Not long after his -birth, in 1841, the family regent of the Pope, the arch-bishop of Petra. The new priest returned to America -and was appoin-ted to a curacy in New Haven. Tw-o years later he was tjransferred to Providence and created a pastor. That post was filled successfully for nineteen years. An able admindstr-ator was desired -by Bishop Hendricken to look after the affairs of St. Marys parish in this city The pastor, Rev. Edward Murphy, had died in 1887, while visiting the paternal home in Ireland. The bishop considered that Father -Hughes was s-p-ecially qualified for the onerous duties. Rev. Chrigtopher Hughes „ 232 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER and sent him to Fall River .September 1 of the same year. There was a large debt on the ohuroh, and the parish property was in urgent need of attention. A minister of less energy an-d -capacity than the new pastor would have been -dem-oralize-d at the magnitude of the task, but he took the parishioners into his confidence and made it clear -that a business policy would be -ap plied to the -affairs of the parish and ad hered to. The appeal to the pride, loyalty an-d faith of the people was productive of good results. All the plans formulated 'by Father Hughes had their hearty approval an-d support. It was n-ot very long before the church and sohool had been overhauled, the debt extinguished, and additional prop erty acquired with a view to the future needs of the ohurch. The growth in spirit uality was coincident with the -material im provement of the parish, for the worship pers at the church beoame imbued with the religious fervor and zeal of the pastor, and responded earnestly to the efforts put forth by -hdm and his -assistants to make religious profession practical. The happiest incident In the life of -the priest was the service of consecration which followed the -discharge of the last obligation for which the church was responsible. In recognition of the w-ork an-d piety of the clergyman, he was made a dignitary of -the church by Pope Leo XIII. Sickness has interfered with the discharge of pastoral duties for over a year, but, thoug-h his -presence is not apparent, his In fluence pervades the administration. Rev. Dr. Hughes is -a trustee of the -public library. Since his accession tie the board his per sonality has been a vital force In the con duct of that Institution. RIGHT REVEREND -BISHOP WILLIAM STANG.— In September, 1903, the authorities of the Roman Catholic church at the papal see created the diocese of Fall River, to in clude the larger 'portion -of southe-astern Massaohusetts. In February following Rev. William Stang, of Providence, -was selected for the bishopric from a list which comprised the names of leading pas-tors in the Provi dence 'diocese. His consecration took place the same year -with impressive ceremonies. Bishop Stang was -born in the province of Baden, Germany, in 1854. His early educa tion was obtained in the institutions of his native country, and he flnished his philos ophy and theology In the Catholic University in Louvain, Belgium. There he was ordained to the prIe-3-thood In 1878, and assigned im mediately to the Providence diocese under B-is-hop Hendricken. After s-ome years as an assistant -at the cathedral in Providence, he beoame -pastor of a church in Cranston, R. I., in 1884. His return to his first charge took place subsequently. For the period -be tween 1895 and 1898, Bishop Stang was pro fessor of theology in the Belgian University, a position he assuraed in an effort to re pair his health, in which undertaking he was successful. The return to Providence, in 1898, was marked by his -association with the missionary band called the diocesan apostolate. All his energy and enthusiasm was given to the work, which was product ive -of edifying results for the parishes in tlie diocese. In recognition of Bisliop Stang's zeal and admdnlstratlve ability, Bishop Harkins, who succeeded Bishop Hen dricken, appointed hira to the -pastorate of St. Edward's Church, in Providence. It was while engaged in the work -of that -parish that 'he was honored by elevation to the episcopate. The bishop is noted for his great learning as well as for the intensity of his faith. He is a forcible writer and a voluminous contributor to religious litera ture, and speaks Latin, French, English, German and Italian with fluency. His one am-bitio-n ds to pro-mote the salvation of souls and the welfare of the Catholics of the diocese. MICHAEL KELLY, M. D.— In the person of Dr. Michael Kelly this city has one of Its -mo-£t public--s-pirited citizens; a coUege grad uate of high attainments, a student of the very -best In literature, and a physician of skill, versatility and courage. Withal there is' none more modest, none less desirous of notoriety, none more deferential towards the ethics of -his profession, and no-body with greater respect for the amenities and others' O'plnions. Dr. Kelly Is a son -of the Emerald Isle, where he was bo-rn April 20, 1850. He attended the schools there until he was four teen years of age. In 1870 he carae to Fall River, and in 1874 entered Holy Cross Col lege, in Worcester, Mass., where he was graduated in the class of 1879 and received the degree of bachelor of arts. In June, 1890, the college conferred upon hlni the degree of raaster of arts. In 1881 Dr. KeUy began the study of medicine in Bellevue Hospital medical college. He took the full course of three years, devoting all the time available to -preparing himself for his life's HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 233 vo-catlon. There was no yielding to the allurements -of student life, for Dr. KeUy understood the seriousness of the -problem of m-aking -his way in the world with the endowment of -brain and brawn which he possessed, and left, no way open for repining over neglected opportunity. The fruit of his ap-plicatl-on and zeal was gathered In 1885, w-hen -tihe diploma of doctor of medicine was handed him at the finish of the course, and he was enabled to -satisfy his ambition to start his professional career In the bome of his adoption. Choice of a 'location was in the deliberations of the local body and showing an intelligent intere-st in the most a-bstruse topics. He is also a member of and examiner for several fraternal organiza tions and medical -bodies. Mayor John W. C-o-ughlin appointed -him City Physician In 1890. By virtue -of the office he became chairman -of the Board -of Health for three years. Perfunctory work -was not permitted during his connection wdth that body. The record then ma-de led to Dr. Kelly's selection as -member of the board for another term of three years by Mayor .lohn T. Coughlin In Michael Kelly, M. D. not unwise, as has been demonstrated by the large measure of success that the doctor enjoys. He is a specialist in the treatment of diseases of children. During an epidemic of smaU-pox in 1899, D-r. Kelly was drafted for service by the Board of Health. Hds knowledge of the scourge proved a blessing to the oity and those afflicted, for out of sixty -cases treated there was but one death at the pest-house. Dr. Kelly belongs to the Pall -River Medical Society, the American Medical Association, and the Massachusetts Medical Society, being especially prominent 1906. Benevolences appeal strongly to the practical sympathies of the physician, and his spare time Is offered freely to the Union Hospital Training School for Nurses, the Seaside Home, for puny Infants, and St. Ann's Hospital. He is also on the staffs of the City Hospital and the Union Hos pital. The weddi-ng of Dr. Michael Kelly and Miss Caroline Cantwell, in 1890, -was one of the social events of that year. They occupy a handsome an-d commodious home at 255 Third -street, and have three bright children — Christopher, Philomena an-d Eva. 234 HISTORY OF FALL RTVER A large and well selected library adds to the charm which the doctor finds In his at tractive residence and the members of his household. WILLIAM HODNETT BUTLER, M. D., was born in Pall River, an-d received his edu cation in the public 'schools. In 1894 he en tered -BeUevue Hospital Medical College, from w-hich he was graduated in 1897 with the degree of doctor of -medicine. Dr. But ler returned to Fall River and began prac- LEAN-DBR RICH DARLING.— Riding a hobby to one's profit is illustrated in the story of the career of Leander Rich Darling. Early In his life -he recognized that "there is a tide in the affairs of men which, taken at the flood, leads on to fortune." By making judicious use of his spare -moments he ob tained that knowledge which -has become the foundation for his success as a business man and an authority -on -chemistry. Mr. Darling is one of -the large class of the city's successful citizens — a Fall River boy. William Hodnett Butler M. D. tice at 234 Bedford street, where he now re sides. He was -married in 1898 to Miss Bmraa T. Victoreen, a teacher in the public schools. He has two children — Alice and WilUam. The doctor is a member of the American Medical Association, the Massa ohusetts Medical Society, the Fall River Medical -Society, the Pall River Medical Improveraent Society, and the Clover Club; is visiting -physician to the Pall River City Hospital, consulting physician to Ste. Anne's Hospital and raedical examiner of Court Robin Hood, A. 0. P. He came to gladden -the parental home April 15, 1809. His general education was ob tained in the city schools, being finished with the course in the -high sohool. In those days he 'became interested In chemistry, and he continued to interest himself in the science during the fourteen years he was em-ployed in the Massasoit National Bank. Home reading was supplemented by instruc tion by mail from so-me of the best chemists in the United -States. Mr. Darling saw an opportunity to enter a field In -this city that was almost unoccupied, and he deter- HISTORY OF FALL RtVER 235 mined to qualify thoroughly for entrance therein some time. The chance came on the formation of the E. S. Anthony Drug Com pany. A manager and a -chemist was needed in carrying out a plan to manufacture and deal in medicinal and chemical compounds, and L. R. Darling was considered to be fitted in an unusual degree for the respon sibility. Although he had made himself valuable in the 'bank, and liked the voca tion, Mr. Darling availed himself of the offer to which a fln-au-cial interest in the company was coupled. His ability and enthusiasm Mr. Darling, which permeated every -depart ment. Masonry and Pythianism have dis tinguished his choice of fraternities. He is a charter mem-ber of Puritan Lodge, K. P., an-d belongs t'o King Philip Lodge, Fall River Council, Fall River Chapter and God frey de BouiUon Commandery, as well as the Drug Club -of New York City. The Darling family oo-m-prises two members. Mrs. Darling was Miss Myra E. Peckham, of New Bedford. T'he marriage was solemn ized in that city July 17, 1893. Their home life is of the -happiest. Leander Rich Darling tended so m-uch -to the development of ,t-he new enterprise that its success was placed beyond the shadow -of a doubt practically fro-m the inception. The need of larger quarters -led to the leasing of room in the new building of the Weavers' Association, and additions to the force of employees to meet the de-mands of the -steadily increasing trade as developed under the energetic and intelligent -management. It is no exaggera tion to say that the company's career up ward has hee-n little short of phenomenal, through the exercise of the personality of EDMUND WHITEHEAD.- Among the pro gressive -business -men of Pall River the sub ject of this -s-ketc-h deserves -mention. He was born in Clayton, near Manchester, Eng land, July 4, 1845, and came to the United S-tates I-n the -clipper "A. W. Townsend." Five weeks were -spent aboard the ship, w-hich arrived at Lewis' wliarf, Boston, in September, 1850. Fall River was the ob jective point 'Of the Whiteheads, W'ho estab lished their home in what was then Tiver ton. 'Mr. Whitehead first 'went to a town school, and afterwards was enrolled in the 236 HISTORY OF FALL RlVER schools of FaU River. In 1855 the family removed to Taunton, where Mr. Whitehead helped to su-p-port himself by selling fruit out of a -basket at the Wales street rallro-a' station. In 1850 the Whiteheads came back to Fall River, and at the age of twelve young Whitehead found employment in the Ameri can Print Works, where he remained five years. After leaving -the works he entered a meat ra-arket and for a short time drove a butcher cart through the towns in the vicin ity of the city. For eight years he worked hard and mastered every detail of the busi ness. He made so many friends and ac quaintances that he concluded there was plenty of room for another market. Accord ingly, Mr. W'hitehead opened a store at 102 Edmund Whitehead South Main street, In July, 18G9. The loca tion quickly beoame known as "Whitehead's corner," and the business was a success from the start. Mr. Whitehead owes it all to his personality and strict attention to business and a desire to please the public. In June, 1896, Mr. Whitehead moved to his present handsome market. Its splendid windows are a -delight to the passer by at Nos. 18 and 20 South Main street. The Whitehead -market is one of the attractions of the city, and -hundreds -admire the dis play of good things which are to be found nowhere else In the oity. Mr. Whitehead responded -to the -call to patriotic duty whioh was issued in 1804, and was mustered Into the army at -Camp Meig, Readville, May 9, the same year. The Rebellion showed so many signs of coming to an end that -there was no need of sen-ding the recruits who were -designated as "hundred day men," to the front, and on Aug-ast 4, 1804, they were honorably discharged. Mr. Whitehead is a charter -member of Narragansett Lodge of Masons, Fall River Royal Arch Chapter, Fall River Council of Royal and Select Mas ters, the Retail Merchants' Association, and Godfrey de Bouillon Commandery, Knights Templar. He wa-3 united in marriage to Sylvia L. Borden, March 26, 1868. The union -has been blessed with six children — Andrew B., a young man of great promise, who died August 7, 1903; Edith S., S. Louis, Jennie L., Edgar B. and Elsie M. The family home was in this c^ty until 1880, when the abode was changed to South Swansea, where Mr. W-hitehead Is -charmingly situated and is active In the -social affairs of the town. His son, Edgar B., Is actively engaged in the business, and is a man of sterling character and with the qualifioatl-ons that ensure success. JOHN D. MUNROE was born In Prince Bdward Island, FO'bruary 6, 1854, and came to Fall River July 1, 1867. He was first em ployed m a cotton mill. A short time later he sought employment with Almy, Milne & Co., printers and publishers of the Fall River "Daily News," as errand boy and paper carrier, taking advantage of any spare time that was his, he learned to set type and was later employed in the office as an ap prentice to t'he -printers' trade. In January, 1872, at the age of eighteen years, he en tered into a partners-hip in the job printing business, an-d in September, 1885, he bought the sole control of the business, which has since grown and prospered under his man agement. When the Fall River Daily Herald Publishing Company was reorganized in 1895, Mr. Munroe became president of the new corpo-ration, serving in that capacity until 1904, when he resigned. A year later he was elected treasurer and manager of the corporation, which position he now holds. He is a trustee of the Union Savings Bank an-d is identified in many -ways with the business interests of the city. Mr. Munroe has long -been i-nterested in the Massachu setts volunteer railitia, and has given many years of his Ufe to the service. When the First Regiment was organized in 1879, he e-nllsted as one of t'ne original members in John D. Munroe 238 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER Company M, now Twelfth Company, Corps Coast Artillery, afterwards serving in the grades of corporal, sergeant, second lieuten ant and first lieutenant until 1892, when he was invited to -take command of a company of the iNaval Brigade, which was being or ganized at that time. He accepted 'the com mission of -commanding officer of F Company and served -for two years, when he resigned hds com-missi-on and was retired at -his own request, his earijest efforts in behalf of the brigade having been recognized by the award of t'he advanced rank of lieutenant com- mander In retirement. When the call was issued for volunteers to take the place of the State Militia which had enlisted for -the war -wdth -S'paln, in 1898, Mr. Munroe was buisiness parts of the city, ds the remarkable record to the credit of Rudolf F. Haffen reffer, Jr., treasurer and geu'cral manager of the Old Colony Brewing Com'pany. He is a native of Boston, and thirty-two years of age. His -preliminary -studies were such as were taught in the Chauncey Hall School, in Boston. Next he became a student in tbe MassachU'S-etts Institute of Technology, tak- Im-g the full course. The technical instruc tion there -acquired was supplemented -by en rollment in a leading institution in -Stutt gart, Germ-any. On his return to the United States, Mr. Haffenreffer came to this city and arranged to establish a -brewery. Busi ness raen were led readily to co-operate, and the Old Colony -Brewing Company came iuto Old Colony Brewer-y prompt in organizing the 13th (Thirteenth) Corapany of the Provisional Militia, ready for service at the front in case of need, and was co-m-missi-oned captain of the company, retaining the co-mmdssion until the company was disbanded at the close of the war. Mr. Munroe Is -a member of the Masonic order, having attained the high office of Grand Captain General of the Grand Commandery of Knights Templar of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. RUDOLF F. HAFFENREPFBR, JR.— Eleven years ago a -stranger to -most of the people of Fall River, uow one of the best known and most important factors in the existence, with Quinlan Leary, as president; Lawrence -S. 'Holden, vice-president; Cornel ius Sullivan, secretary, and Mr. Haffenreffer, treasurer and general manager. It was or ganized under the law-s of West Virginia, February 8, 1896, with a capital of $250,000, an-d occupies a building 104 feet long and 45 feet wide -and -six stories in height. The brewery was opened Decem-ber 9 of the same year. It was fitted with the latest machines for brewing ale, lager, porter and malt ex tract, and an Ice plant was installed which has a 'Capacity of fifty tons daily. It was the second venture of the kind undertaken in Fall River, but it was under -auspices an-d with a management m'uch different from that HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 239 governing the undertaking, which resulted in failure -for its promoters. At flrst, pro duction was small, in keeping with the con servative Ideas of the manager. It iwas not long, however, before the quality of Old Colony brews beoame generally known, and consumption of them increased heavily. How -business has developed appears from the fact that -the output of the -brewery is 100,000 barrels yearly, and that the service of fifty men and forty horses is required to distribute the -product. The highest wages are -paid and the best materials used, while the expert knowledge an-d skill of the -man ager are always em,ployed. So great a suc- ceij-s has the company become that no stock Is obtainable, for It has paid a large dividend yearly almost frora the beginning. Besides giving -close attention to the company, Mr. Haft'enreft'er is a director of the Metacomet National Bank, a trustee of the Burkhardt Brewing Com-pany of Boston, and treasurer of the International Electric Company of this city. His club mem-bershlp extends to the Quequechan and Fall River Golf clubs. Fall River Yacht Club and the Taunton Yacht Club. On January 29, 1902, Miss Maude Monroe became his wife. They have one child an-d a delightful ho-me. In sum mer the family is quartered in a flne cottage on one of the islands around Portsmouth. RICHARD HA'RTLEY COO'K.— The well known Park Commissioner is a native of England. He was born in Bolton, March 18, 1850, -and received his early education in the place of his birth. At an early age he learned to spin cotton in the faraous mUl of Houldsworth & Co., Reddish, near Stock port, England. In 1883 he came to America and -went to -Newark, N. J., and started the first mill and thread m-anufaotory In this country for the Clark Mile End Thread 'Man ufacturing Cora-pany and becarae assistant superintendent, remaining four years. In 1887 he came to Fall River as superintendent of the Kerr Thread Company and began the manufacture of thread as it had never been done before in this country. When the American Thread Company was formed In 1898, Mr. Cook was -made general superin tendent of the company's mills in America. Mr. Cook was appointed by Mayor Grime C-o-m-mds-sioner of Parks and Cemeteries, and has served on the comradsslon since organ ization. How well and faithfully he has per formed the duties -of his office the records of the -departraent testify. Socially, Mr. Cook is prominent and belongs to the Que quechan Club, the most exclusive in Fall River. He organized the Fall River Bowling Green Club -and became its first president. He is also a member -of the Pall River Yacht and Golf clubs. On February 20, 1875, he was united in marriage to Miss Betsy Dean, of Reddish, near -Stockport, England. Two daughters -have blessed their union, Mary and Ellen Cook. The family reside In a beautiful residence at 2207 Pleasant street. Pall River. Mr. Cook has been in the cot ton manufacturing business all his life, and n:any of the new inventions which have im- Richard Hartley Cook proved and -developed the cotton manufactur ing trade are the creatures of his active and creative -brain. JAMBS DANIEL CROSSO-N.— Uninter rupted occupancy -of the office of City Mes senger for twenty years is the record as a pu-blic servant -of James D. Crosson. Changes in -the personnel of the city government are constant, -but that circumstance has not af fected the -status of Mr. Crosson, who has managed to emerge a victor from every con test for -the chair which he has fllled to the general satisfaction. His strength lies in minding his own business and -attending faithfully to the duties devolving on him as me-3-senger. Mr. Crosson is a Fall River boy. His first birthday was June 25, 1853. He engaged in the livery stable business after 240 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER le-aving school and was a success -at it. Al though entirely without experience in polit ical ways, he sought the post of messenger in 1880, and was chosen by the city govern ment over a strong rival. Every year -since he has been re-elected,^ acting also as super intendent of the city hall by appointment of the Mayor. Power boating and long -walking are the only diversions of the messenger. His home is In Bay street, within a stone's throw of the river, on which he spends his leisure in summer in a -handsome launch. His wife was Miss Margaret T. McDermott, to whom he was married Septe-m-ber 27, 1877. Ceorge P. A., Gertrude M. M., Mary H. W., Jimcs D. V. and Joseph H. 'Cros'son are their to take the editorial chair in the office of the "New Bedford Journal." He was a mem ber of the staff of tha "Fall River Globe" James Daniel Crosson children. Mr. Crosso-n -belongs to no organi zation but the Fall River Yacht Club. The family worships in St. Patrick's Church. MICHAEL REAGAN is Mayor Coughlin's private secretary. He was born in Somerset, June 11, 1801, his -parents being Jeremiah and Julia Reagan. He graduated from the high school in 1879, and became a compos itor, a trade he had learned during his spare hours. A couple of years later he was en gage-d -as a reporter -on the "Herald," which paper he h-ad served as a new-s-boy from his twelfth year. In 1888, Mr. Reagan -was made -managing editor, and occupied the post eight years, retiring -with the sale of the paper and a change in the editorial policy, Michael Reagan when selected for the secretaryship. Mr. Reagan -married' Philomena T. Byrne, a teaoher, in 1887, and has one son, Leon J., aged eighteen. CAPTAIN WILLIAM DURFEE will long be remem-bered here as the -pioneer in the ice -business, with which he was connected for -sixty-three years, and which he saw grow from the sm-all dimensions when he began cu-ttln-g in 1838 to a business of 60,000 tons when he -sold it .in 1901. He was 'born on the site of the 'present Durfee block Febru ary 27, 1811, the son of William Durfee, a sea captain, and Hannah 'Westgate, and the descendant of a family of able men. His father died when he was -ten months old, and early in life he went to sea on a whaler, carrying a Government "protection" against impreas-ment Whioh is still preserved in the family. He also entered the fishing business with vessels which he chartered, and em-ployed, -among others, members of the -Church family, -of Tiverton, who have since become fa-m-o-us in menhaden fishing. In 1838, in corapany with Robert Cook, he started -the first ice business here, in a small stone -building, -still standing on Pleasant street, -near the Narrows. At first it re quired -a whole year -to sell w-hat could he stored here, but as the -business grew other Captain William Durfee 242 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER buildings were erected till fi'fteen lajrge houses were occupied at 'New Boston and ten at Assonet. The early method of loading the ice into w-agons at the -pond, carting it to the houses an-d there unloading it, had been replaced by five endless chains, and the plant was probably the best equipped in New England for the rapid handling of ice. A large wholesale and retail 'business was carried on here and at Newport. Mr. Cook w-as associated witih -hdm for more than forty years, and on his retirement Mr. Durfee car ried it on alone. When toge-ther, they had passed to the Arctic Ice and Cold Storage Com-pany. He -died in his ninetieth year in 1901. Mr. -Durfee was of kindly disposition and -a rugged, uncompromising honesty that led hira to meet every obligation dn exact accordance wdth 'his agreement, whatever others might be -disposed to do. His -wife was Ann C. Durfee, -by whom he had one son, William Durfee, a progressive business man, who has shown his ability in the handling of 'his father's business and In the improve ment of the real estate, as well as making possible the erection, in 1905, of a new John Francis Quinn (Deceased) bought the Richardson House, on North Main street, an-d the Thurston House, on Central street, -both of which fell to Mr. Durfee in -the division of interests, and with his o-t'her holdings made him one of the largest owners of real estate 'here. The Durfee block, in which he made 'his home, had been erected by hdm in 1876, on a site bought from Mary -Borden by his father In 1802 for $200, then considered an enormous -price. He retained the ice business till De cember 10, 1901, when he sold it to Arthur Freeston, of Philadelphia, from whom it theatre, the -Savoy, which is the leading amusement house in the oity. JOHN FRANCIS QUINN.— One man who contributed as much as anybody in New Englan-d to the development of the indus trial branch of life insurance -was John F. Quinn, -of this 'city. He was -one of the fi-rst superintendents of this -district, the most im-portant in -southeast Massachusetts. Mr. Quinn was born in Enfield, Meath -County, Ire-land, June 24, 1853. Eight years after- w-ards- the family removed to Stockport, HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 243 England, and the -boy -secured work in a print works, getting his schooling at night. In 1860 the Quin-ns came to America and settled -in Fall River. Mr. Quinn's fi-rst em ployment -was dn the American Print Works. Next he became an operative in a cotton raill. He was full of ambition, -and he ap preciated the value of opportunity. He seized it -and became successively a loom fixer and -second overseer in the Pall River manufactory, known then as the "White MUl." The opening of an agency by the John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Com pany led to the offer of -the superintendency to Mr. Quinn, an-d he accepted July 21, 1884. That was the turning point of his life. In addition to popularizing the industrial sys tem until the -business attained extraordin ary dimensions, the superintendent estab lished -agencies in Taunton and New Bed ford, which he managed in connection with his supervision of the branches here and in Newport. There -was no decrease anywhere u-p to 1904, when every industry was almost paralyzed -by a strike in the Pall River fac tories which lasted six months, and when sickness obliged him -to relinquish his un ceasing w-at-c-hfulness. His incapacity w-as the cause of the work of superintending de volving on others, an-d the absence of the master mind -was noticed dn the amount and character -of the business. Mr. Quinn's re cord in the insurance business was excep tional. All claims against -the company on policies issued -by his -agents were -settled promptly and satisfactorily. He pointed with pride to the indisputable fact that no beneficiary ever appealed to tihe law to se cure redress, or even threatened legal pro ceedings to induce 'payment of the amount of -a policy. Furthermore, he was instru mental in obtaining many concessions for the people of Fall Riyer who were insured with the -company he rep-resented when strikes, sickness or -depressions rendered difficult or impossible the collection of prem ium's. Many things in use -by the comipany are due to the -su-perint-e-ndent, whose judg ment was invariably -deferred to, for it was recognized that he was as keenly -alive to the interest of his em-ployers as he was in conserving the well-being of the insured. It was- his suggestio-n that resulted -in the issu ance of a .policy -for $250, which is the fea ture of the industrial system. Until his business -became too engrossing, Mr. Quinn was deeply interested in fraternities. Pas sive rae-mbership -did not com-port with his idea of the administration of the affairs of -a brotherhood, and on that -account he set tihe example -of -activity in furtherance of the work of the Foresters of America, the Knig'bts of Sherwood Forest, Knights of the Mystic Chain, Knights of Columbus, Ancient Order of United 'Workmen, and Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He -always had a -special taste for theatricals, and took leading parts dn plays presented under the aus-pices of the Kem-ble Dramatic Club, in behalf -of a reiligious or benevolent purpose. By his raarriage January 11, 1877, to Miss Ellen Whalon, he had one daughter, Lottie B„ who is the -wife -of Jo-seph T. Healy. Mrs. Quinn died on August 7, 1883, Mr. Quinn took Miss Sarah A. Hoar daughter of Charles P., a meraber of the police depart ment for many years an-d a veteran of the Civil War, and Sarah Hoar, for his -second wife. A son, William H. Quinn, -was born of that marriage. For -nearly a year before the death -of Mr. Quinn, February 12, 1905, he was more or less indisposed. His will power was -strong, however, and he held out against the gradual -but certain undermining of his health for six months, when he was obliged to relinquish the close supervision of the insurance responsibility -he had fos tered so eedulo-usly. The respect in which the citizen was -held was -made clear by the gathering around his -bier the morning of the obsequies. After services in St. Patrick's Church the body was borne to North Burial Ground for its eternal rest. JAMBS LANGFORD.- In a message of syrapathy and condolence to Mrs. James Langford for the death of her husband. Mayor Coughlin said: "I feel that the city is deprived of an upright, honest and pu-blic- spirited citizen, who discharged -faithfully every public trust, -and whose beneficence to the weak and lowly -was a household word in the community." This tribute was paid to -the memory of a man -who was a man among -men. Friends were bound to him by the -silken cords of affection as strongly as though fby -bands of steel; and what they lost -the iw-hole city ex-perienced in a way. Mr. Langford's birthplace was Heywood, Lancashire, England. After the flhish of his school -days he entered a -cotton mill i-n his native land and learned how to spin. At -the age of twenty-two he married Emma A. War burton and decided to try his fortune in America. Employment was obtained in the spinning room of the Mechanics' Mill. When 244 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER a strike forced Mr. Langford into idleness, he went to Bridgeport, Conn., -where 'he learned the making of sewing -machines. Four years later he resumed his residence in Fall River and his work as a spinner. He believed In unionism and served three years as president of the union of his craft and two years as its treasurer. His prominence as a labor man led to -his nomination and elec tion to- the great and general -court -by -the Democratic party in 1880. The life of a law maker did not appeal -to the new member, and his flrst term was his last. Mr. Lang ford next secured an agency for the sale of se-wing machines -and pianos. Through a large acquaintance he obtained a very suc cessful patronage, which was added to by James Langford (Deceased) his methods. Promotion frora the position of assistant chief of the fire department, which he held for -twelve years, frora 1885, to the command -of the force, in 1898, caused him to dispose -of his business interests. On -his relinquishment of the official relation to the department, Mr. Langford established the Langford House. It became a noted hostelry, not especiaUy on account of the urbanity of the proprietor, but more particularly by reason -of the excellence of the cuisine. Thait received close attention, and the effect upon patronage was marked. Mr. Langford was an enthusiastic member of the Fall River Cricket Club, and derived a great deal of satisfaction from its successes on the fleld, though not actively participa;ting in the game in several years. His name appeared also on (the rosters of the U. S. Grant Lodge of the Sons of 'St. George, Unity Lodge of Odd Fellows, Puritan Lodge of Knights of Py thias, and the Fall River Firemen's Relief Association. At the time of his death, Jan uary 17, 1906, the family comprised Mrs. Langford; Stephen E. Langford, a son, who is a member of the fire department; Mrs. Frederick Booth, of this city; Mrs. James A. Smith, of Shreveport, La., and Miss Alice G. Langford, a student in the Smith College, Northara'pton. Death res'Ulted from com-p-Ii- oatl-ons arising from a boil on the neck, and it was entirely unexpected, owing to -the fine physique of 'Mr. Langford. The obseq'Uies were nota-ble for the size and character of the -pageant, and the number of floral testi monials. Public recognition of the loss felt by the citizens -was attested furthermore by -the tolling of the flre 'bells the hour of the funeral, a tribute rarely shown a deceased citizen. ARTHUR BORDEN BRAYTON.-^Arthur Borden Brayton, City Clerk of Fall River, was born at Fall River on November 4, 1864, and is the son of Israel and Abhy A. (Man chester) Brayton, who were also born in Pall River. His paternal -and maternal an cestors, for more it-h-an two hundred years, lived in the -territory -between Newport, Rhode Island -and Freetown, Massachuse-tts. Both -of his paternal great-grandfathers, Bor den Brayton and Pardon Lake, fought in -the Revolutionary War. Mr. Brayton was edu cated in the public -schools of Fall River, in. cluding the -high sohool, and afterwards in a private academy in Providence, Rhode Is land. Upon his return to Pall River he se cured a position in the Massasoit -National Bank, which -he left after a few months of work, temporarily, in the offlce of the City Auditor, and after the com'pleti-on of certain special work he returned to the said hank, which -he again left, soon after, for a better opening as an -accountant for a -contractor and builder; but in less than six -months he was induced ito return to the offi'ce of the City Auditor, and take a 'position on more favorable terms than he received at 'the time of his former employment in that office. A few 'months later, on January 5, 1885, he was appointed as Assistant City -Clerk, -and -as Clerk -of Committees. Owing to the ra:pid growth in papulation which increased his duties as Assistant Cdty Clerk to a great ex- HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 245 tent, -he resigned the office of Clerk of Com mittees, on -Deceraber 2, 1895, but continued as Assis-tant City Clerk until he became City Clerk. He was elected as City Clerk on June 27, 1898, and assumed the -duties of that office on July 18, ISSS. It is an indication of the ambition and energy he possesses when it is considered that -he, -as a stranger and without any influence, entered the City HaU in the lowest clerical position in the building, and rose to a position which is as high in Im portance as any, and -by many considered the most important. As is well known, the the -people; -keeps the respective departments posted in relation to such orders of the City Council that m-ay affect them, and in gen eral devotes much time and -thought in help ing -to keep the affairs of the oity running smoothly. It -might be well to mention here, as a matter of record for the information of interested inquirers in the future, that the flre of -March 19, 1880, which destroyed the interior of the City Hall, did not destroy a p-artl-cie of the records of the City Clerk's office, as the records were all in a flre-proof vault, and by request of the City Clerk, the Arthur Borden Bra-yton duties of a City Clerk are manifold, and he is, by law, the custodian of all records and papers of the City Council. Among his many -duties might be mentioned that he is the clerk of the City Council and of the Board of Aldermen; is the Registrar of births, marriages and deaths; is the cus todian of the city seal; has charge of the recor-dis of personal property; issues all li censes granted by the Board of Aldermen; has charge of the election -matters, printing ballots, providing polling places, apparatus and supplies for the holding of eTeotions by chief engineer of the flre department caused several sitreams of water to be played con tinuously on, the vault to keep the sarae sufflciently cool to prevent any damage to its -contents. On October 10, 1888, he was married to Annie Evelyn Wilbur, of Fall River, daughter of Philip H. and Sarah B. (W-inslow) Wilbur. Mrs. Brayton is a direct descendant of K-enelm Winslow, who was a brother of Ed-ward Winslow. of the "May flower." Their children are Hazel A., born August 23, 1890; Stanley B., born March 17, 1893, died December 1, 1896; Abbie E., born 246 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER September 16, 1895, died December 4, 1896; Whitney W., born April 14, 1898, and Rod ney v., born -September 14, 1901. Mr. Bray ton and his family are attendants of the First -Congregational Church. He is a 'di rector of the Lafayette Co-O-perative Bank; is a director dn eight Rhode Island corpora tions, being president of one and secretary of the other -seven, -and is the vice-president and a director of The Pianola Company, a New York corporation manufacturing self- playing pianos. Besides belonging to vari ous -associations and clubs, he is a mem-ber of the 'Royal Arcanum, Kndghts of Pythias, King PhUip Lodge of Free Masons of Pall River, -Pall -River Royal Arch Chapter, Pall River Council Royal and Select Masters, Godfrey de Bouillon Coramandery Knights Templar, and Aleppo Temple A. A. O. Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. JOSEPH A. BARRE, M. D.— Among the physicians and surgeons of Fall River the name at the -he-ad of this sketch is pro-m- Joscph A. Barre, M. D. Inent araong the French residents. He was born April 2, 1868, at Sherrington, province of Quebec, Canada, and came to the United States in 1880 with his parents, settling dn what is known as the French colony, in the eastern sectio-n of this oity, popularly called tihe "Flint Village." After arriving here with his parents he went to the French parochial and public schools, after which he entered the drug store of Dr. J. B. Chagnon, and remained there about one year, when i2.e went to work for his brother, who kept a drug store, and was famous in that line. The young -m-an soon mastered every detail of the profession and after another year's work was registered by the State Board of Pharmacy as a -druggist. He -was not -con tent in the drug business, ho-wever, and de cided -to study hard and become a -physician, entering the College of Physicians and Sur geons :at Baltimore, Maryland, where he was graduated with the degree of M. D. in 1892. After graduation he returned to Fall River and began the practice of his pro fession. He -has been very successful an-d is highly esteemed and res-pected by all who have the pleasure -of his -acquaintance. In September, 1895, he was married to Miss Herminie Langevin, of New Hampshire, a very atitiractive and handsome young woman. The union 'has -been blessed with four chil dren, namely: H. Alban, Oscar, Germalne and Ferdinand, who died in 1902. Dr. Barfe is very charitable and kind to the poor, and gives a great deal of -money and valuable time to increase their happiness. He has given his services free of charge to St. Jo seph's Orphan Home ever since he 'began practice, and no worthy case is ever turned from his door without aid. He is a member of the Massachusetts Medical Society, the Medical Union of Fall River, the American Medical Society and the Fall River BowUng Green Club. The doctor is on the staff of the Union Hospital and Ste. Anne's Hospital. He is a Re-publican in politics, but in local matters votes for who he thinks is -the best man for the place. He resides -at 1555 Pleas ant street, where he also has his offlce. MICHAEL M'oNALLY.- It is not possible to divorce the name of Matthew C. -D. Bor den from the story of the creation and op- erauo-n of the immense plant of the Fall River Iron Works Company, which is a last ing -monument to his confldence in the city of his birth and the breadth of his ente-r- prise. As a helper in the great undertaking Mr. Borden found dn MIohaeil McNally a capable and reliable man, whose assistance in the work of con-struction and installation was invaluable. Mr. McNally was born a mechanic as well as an Englishman. Gloss- up is 'his native -place, and September 14, 1860, Is his birthday. After -some years of residence in P-rovi-dence the family settled in this city in 1872. Here the youth learned HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 247 the trades of bricklaying and stone-masonry. He was skUled at both and full of ambition, and in 1898 set up for himself as a contrac tor. It -was then that the attention of Mr. Borden was drawn to Mr. McNally, and co-n- fldentlal relations developed that resulted in the subject of this -sketch taking entire charge of the building operations ordered by the manufacturer. Although vast sums of money were placed at his disposal and a Michael McNally weighty res-ponsibillty was devolved on him, there was a rigid accounting for every dol lar, and the ideas of -the employer were car ried out to the letter and to his satisfac tion. One of the flrst ap-pointments made by Mayor John T. Coughlin when his term be gan -in 1905, was -that of Michaeil McNally for member of the Board of Fire Commis- sdoners. It iw-as the only offlce of a public character that 'the appodnitee ever had fllled. He attended to the duties with the zeal and intelUgence that have distlng-udshed hira in his -busl-ne-ss, and -became chairm-an of the com-mission the second year. Effloien-oy -and discipline without severity, but by obtaining the confldence of the men, his way in deal- in-g with workmen, were what he sought, and the standing of the flre department is proof of the good results of the policy when applied to servants of the people. The Com- rais-sdoner seeks dm-provement, and nothing satisfies him but the best. He has a fine home at 629 Highland avenue. The mother of his four children — ^Anna G., Agnes, Alice and Elizabeth (deceased) — ^was -Alice O'Mara at the time of her marriage in 1889. Mr. Mc Nally attends -St. Joseph's Catholic Church, and belongs to the Fall River Lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. JOHN E. TORPHY was born in -the city of Lawrence, Mass., November 16, 1872. He came to -Fall River with his parents and was educated in the public schools, after which time -he began life like many another young man, dn -the cotton- mills, where he worked for three years. Being ambitious and desir ing to better -his condition he -secured a position as clerk in the well known grocery house of James ITee-nan, where he soon ac quired a knowledge of the grocery business. For fourteen- years fie remained with Mr. Keenan In a confidential capacity, and in 1899 went into the grocery business for -him self at 72 North Court street, where he now is-. Mr. TOrp'hy 'is a Democrat in politics and -believes dn the -principles of Democracy John E. Torphy as laid down -by Thomas Jefferson. On May 1, 1905, Mayor John T. Coughlin appointed him C-o-mmissioner of Parks and Cemeteries, a position -which was coveted by many party men. 'Commissioner Torphy was united dn marriage November 6, 1895, to Miiss Mary G. Collins, of Newburyport, Mass. Six chil dren have -blessed their union. Their names are: -John E., Jr., William, Marian, Fred erick, James and Heloise. The last two 248 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER mentioned are deceased. The family resides in a corafortable home at 746 June -street. The Commissioner is a member of the A. O. H. -Society and belongs to St. Joseph's Holy N-ame. The family attend St. Joseph's Cath olic -Church. John E. Torphy is an exam-pie of -what -perseverance, hard work and hon esty of purpose will accomplish. He is cour teous and kind to those who come in contact with him, and is always ready to help any movement for the advancement of the city of Fall River. THOMAS EDMUND MALONEY, V. S.— T'he first regularly graduated veterinary sur geon to locate here and begin the practice of veterinary medicine and surgeon was Dr. Thomas Edmund Maloney, V, S. Thomas E. Maloney. He was horn in Geor- giavdlle, R. I., July 20, 1865. His parents were Michael, for many years trial justice of tihe justice court for the town of -Smith- field, R. I., and Mary Maloney, both of -whom were natives of Ireland. After receiving his degree from the New Yo-rk -College of Veter inary Surgeons on March 13, 1889, he came to this oity and 'began the -practice of his profession, opening his offlce March 17, 1889. In 1892 the offlce of Inspector of Animals and Provisions was created -by -act -of the Legislature. The first ap-polntment under the law in Fall River was that of Dr. Ma loney, whose nomination was sent to the Aldermen in AprU -by Mayor John W. Cough lin. The term was three years. The board of registration in veterinary m-edlcine, com posed of five members, was established by tbe Legislature in 1903 for the regulation of the practice of veterinary medicine and surgery. -Dr. Malo-ney was appointed for one year by Governor John L. Bates. The fol lowing year the Governor reappointed hi-m for five years. In 1905, Mayor John T. CoughUn named the doctor for his old office of Inspector of Animals, -and in 1906 renom inated him. In the spring -of 1903 the first veterinary hospital to be instituted here was opened -as -a private venture by Dr. Maloney, in the rear of -his residence, 592 North Main street, and was a success. In .lune, 1890, tihe doctor was -married to Margaret Maria Con nelly, a native of Woburn, in the church of St. Francis Xavier, New York City. Pour children have ibeen born to them — Leo, de ceased; Geraldine, Leona and Margaret Mary. He is a member of the Roman Cath olic parish -of the Sacred Heart and of the following societies: American-Irish Histori cal Society, Fall River Trade and Industry Association, Fall River Driving Club, Fall River Yacht Club, Massachusetts Veterinary Association, New York-American Veterinary A-lumni Asso-ciation and the University Club of Fall River. EVERETT BROWNELL DURFEE.- The rare honor of becoming superintendent of the public schools of his native city belongs to Everett Brownell Durfee, son of Oscar P. and Abby S. Durfee. He was born June 22, 1862, and with tihe exception of the time spent -at college, and a year teaching else where, he has always been a resident of Pall River. Mr. D-urfee went through all the grades of the oity schools, finishing at the high school as a member of the class of 1880. In the fall of the same year he en tered Brown University, Providence, and graduated with the degree of bachelor of arts in 1S84. The additional honor of mas ter of arts was acquired from the u-niversdty in 1887. Teaching was adopted by hi-m a;s a profession. There was a vacancy in the principalship of the Falls grammar school at Attleboro Falls, and, notwithstanding that the young graduate was without experience, the to-wn com-mittee readily selected him for the -place. Aptitude was apparent in the manner and methods of -the new -principal, and results convinced the members of the com-mittee that a wise choice had been made by them in filling the position. After fhe HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 249 year's duties were completed, Mr. Durfee felt that his home city offered a better field for educational work and .professional ad vancement than the pretty town dn which he started his career, and when he was ap pointed -by the comraittee -to take charge of the Tucker street sohool he put himself at the service of that body. Because of the large number -of pupils enrolled for the high sohool in 1870, the building in June street was deemed insufficient. A room was opened in -the Davenport school, where the subject of this sketch attended during his flrst year at the high school. Subsequently three rooms were opened to accommodate the whole class that entered the high sohool, and after one year's service in the Tucker street building Mr. Durfee was put in charge of one of the rooms. When the B. M. C. Durfee High 'School Building was opened In 1887, he was transferred to this building. Seven teen years dn the day schools, and as -prin cipal of -the -advanced evening sohool fifteen years, -of -patient and zealous effort and un flinching interest on the part of the teacher, and profitable instruction to hundreds of boys and girls to -whom he was a friend and guide, followed the utilization of the -magni ficent gift of Mrs. Mary Brayton Young to the city. The instructor never lost sight of his -boyhood and youth, and made himself a helper indeed to the student in need in -any of -the branches which presented difficulties. The relationship was more like that of a devoted and earnest parent and a docile and anxious son or daughter than of teacher and pupil. After Mr. George P. Pope was pro- m-oted to 'p-r-inci-pal of the high school, Mr. Du-rfee was made his successor as vioe-prin- cipal. He held that responsibiUty but a year — 1904 to 1905 — when there was a va cancy in the office of superintendent. Mr. WUliam C. Bates resigned to -become head of the -department in Cambridge. Although many candidates were considered by the committee, public opinion was overwhelming in 'declaring that -a citizen should be pre ferred, in view of the admitted attainments of -the residents who were candidates. The effect of the close identification of Mr. Dur fee with the interests of the pupils he in structed at the high school manifested itself in -a remarkable demonstration in favor -of his election. Deference was -shown the sen timent, and Everett B. Durfee was elected superinten-dent in 190S. That trust he is dis charging with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of the community. Through his m-arriage with Miss Carrie Joella Bean, No vem-ber 21, 1887, three children have been born. They are Everett Willard, Wentworth ahd Abby -Prances Durfee. The superintend ent is -a Republican, but he eschews politics -more than the exercise of the franchise as a voter. He has been treasurer of the Fall River Teachers' Associiation since its organ ization in 1891, and trustee of the Teachers' Annuity Guild since 1890. -His other offices are president of the B. M. C. Durfee High School Athletic Association, Superintendent of the Third -Baptist Sunday School and Di rector of the Bradford Durfee Textile School. He -belongs to the Massaohusetts School masters' -Club, the Massachusetts Superin tendents' Association, the New England As sociation of Superintendents, Bristol County Teachers' Association and the Sons of Bro-wn University of Fall River. His love of athlet ics began when a schoolboy, was continued when at college, and characterized his whole career -as -a teacher, his doctrine being that a healthy boy or girl ,m-akes the better scholar, and therefore the -better -man or woman. Mr. Durfee is a graceful and easy speaker, and is m-uch in demand on public occasions. JAMBS SINC-LAIR. — The second citizen to be honored by his -colleagues by election to the presidency of the Board of Aldermen, as fashioned by the charter adopted by pop ular vote in the ele-ctlon -of 1902, was Jam-es Sinclair. The action of the board may be termed a logical choice, for the gentleman thus singled out for distinction had occupied the vice-presidency in the government -of 1903 and exhibited qualifications for the leadership which appealed to the wisdom of the citizens occupying seats in the reor ganized board, and influenced their decision as they looked among themselves for a worthy occupant of the presidential chair. Mr. Sdncladr is a native neither of Fall River nor of the United States, still he possesses those traits -which have -marked the success ful careers -of many thousands of adopted sons who have figured in the business, pro fessional and public life of our country. Glasgow, Scotland, is -the birthplace of Mr. Sinclair, and the date of his birth is Janu ary 31, 1870. -His schooling was obtained in the -rugged land of the thistle, and at the age of -fourteen 'he came to Fall River. In time he -became -a book-keeper, -and his first em ployment of importance and responsibTldty began when he entered the office of the Hon. James Sinclair, President Board of Aldermen J905— 6 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 251 Wampanoag Mill. There he has -continued, making himself valuable to his superior by care and interest. Mr. -Sdn-clair believed in making his citizenship -practical, and secured merabersh-i-p dn the Co-m-mon Council in 1901. He was re-elected, and -his satisfled constitu ents rew-ard-ed him for hds service by choos ing hi-m -a -member of the -fi.rst Board of Al dermen folio-wing the disoardi-ng of tihe or ganic d-ooument which had served the munic ipality as a charter since its incorporation as a oity in 1854. The Alderman had occupied a seat in ,the single branch continuously to the present (1906). In politics he is a Re publican of the -broad-minded sort. Mr. Sin clair chose for his life -partner Miss May L. Lindsey, the marriage taking place Octo-ber 6, 1897. The father of the bride was WUliam D. Lindsey, who was a leading manufacturer of this oity. JOSEPH N'APOLE'OiN LANDRY, M. D.— Among the sons of the dominion of Canada w-ho have become residents of this city, and Joseph Napoleon Landry, M. D. identified themselves with its best interests. Dr. Joseph N. Landry must be numbered. Althougih less than three years in practiice here, his professional standing is in the front rank. Carleton, Bonaventure -County, Prov ince of Quebec, is 'Dr. Landry's birthplace. He was horn August 1, 1872. His prelimi nary education was secured In the seminary of Quebec, which 'has been the educational nursery for some of the great raen who have figured, or are still figuring, in the pu-blic, professional and clerical life of Canada. Training in the rudiments was substantial in character, and the mental, moral and physical develo-praent that succeeded rested on a solid foundation. Dr. Landry enrolled later as a student in the seminary of Ri- mous'ki, and remained until he had com pleted the course. In pursuance of his de sire to be a doctor, he placed himself u-nder the distinguished professors of the Laval Institution, in Montreal, the diplomas of which are earned only -by assiduous effort. In 1901 tihe degree of doctor of medicine was bestowed on the student, and the same year a license to -practice in the province of Quebec was Issued. Two years afterwards Dr. Landry passed the severe examination whidh is conducted -by the board of exam iners in Massachusetts, and he opened an office in Fall River, at 73 Avon street, where he has his ho-me, as a physician and sur geon. Skill and interest in patients won for the young practitioner a large and lucra tive patronage. He added to his reputation by opening a private hospital for general diseases and surgery, which has been -an unqualified success. Dr. Landry is one of the leading members of the -Fall River Med ical Union, and serves the Independent Order of Foresters as examiner. He helongs to the society of St. John Baptist and Manitou Tribe of Red Men. His marriage with Maria Carti-er took place April 16, 1895. There are three children — George Henry, Joseph Hector Gaston and Mary Jane — in whose education and entertainment he finds his principal diversion. J. ARTHUR ARCHAM,BAULT, M. D.— Amon-g the younger -members of the -medical professi'O-n the name of Dr. Archambault Is coming rapidly to the front as a skilful prac titioner. He was born on October 11, 1875, in St. Paul L'Emerte, County of L'Assump- tion. Province of Quebec, Canada, and re ceived his early education and training from private tutors and at preparatory schools. In 1888 he entered the CoUege of L'Assurap- tlon and was graduated therefrom in 1894. During the year 1896 he began tihe study of science, and dn 1897 tok up the study of medicine at the Laval University of Mon treal, and was graduated with high honors, receiving tihe degree of M. D. on June 10, 1901. After graduating, the youn,g doctor came to Fall River and began the practice of his profession, in the meantime studying 252 HISTORY OF FALL RlVER hard and acquiring all the knowledge pos sible in hospitals and in private W'Orkl Among the French residents of this city Dr. Archambault has -built up a splendid practiice and stands high in the estimation of his 'brother practitioners. His office and residence is located at 704 South Main street. T-he doctor was raarried on July 30, 1901, to Miss Marie Claire Belanger, of Mon treal, Canada. They have one son, a bright J. Arthur Archambault, M.D. little fellow, who is named MaurUle. Dr. Archa-mbault is medical examiner ¦ .for the Ladies' Catholic Benevolent Association of Ii'all River, Branch No. 599. He is also phy sician to Court Ca-rtemanc-he, Independent Order of Foresters of Pall River, No. 658, and physician to Ste. Anne's Hospital. Dr. Archambault is a close student, hard worker and cautious operator. He is an expert diagnostician -and possesses a most retentive memory and a great faculty of comprehen sive observation. The doctor devotes con siderable time to surgery and the ddseases of women a-nd children. He experiences the greatest satisfaction in maintaining what he considers principles of right in spite of dif ficulties. He has a host -of friends among the Prench and American residents and be lieves in the future of Fall River. -NELSON BORDEN DURFEE.- "God, home and native land," has been the life motto of Nelson Borden Durfee. His has not been lip service, but an earnest endeavor toward loyalty and devotion to the three great causes in the order named. It is the testimony of those who know hi-m that his conduct bears out his pretensions; that noth ing savoring of tihe pharisai-cal may be ad duced in detraction. Mr. Durfee was -born dn Tiverton January 28, 1870, his parents being Joshua T. -and Amanda M. (Crandall) Durfee. -He was educated in the -tor/n schools and in Fall River, and -made so good use -of his time that in his youth he became a teacher in Tiverton. In his seventeenth year Mr. Durfee ship-ped on the whaler "Mer maid," from New Bedford. After tw-o years of such life he was discharged in St. Helena and entered the merchant marine service for a short period. Then he beoame a car penter. In -April, 1900, he bought the planing and finishing -business that Samuel P. -Stew art had established in 1886. There was not work enough for two men steadily, but the energy of Mr. Durfee resulted in a large Nelson Borden Durfee increase in business. In March, 1904, he formed a partnership with Wilbur C. Hartt, which continued until the fall of the same year, when William G. Smith entered the firm, the title of Which is -Nelson B. Durfee & Company. It has an extensive plant at 870 South M-adn street, where Mr. Stewart started. An 'advanced -step was taken in the spring of 1905 by the inst-aUation of a dry- kiln for the preparation of wood for the HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 253 highest grade of interior finish and cabinet work. The firm had the contracts for the finish of the Fall River "Daily Globe" build ing, the 'Ste. Anne's -Church and Hospital, pri vate residences and structures in Providence, Taunton and other cities. The members are believers in the progress of Fall River, are hard and earnest workers, and have had the pleasure -of seeing their efforts develop the largest business of the kind in this section of New England. -Mr. Hartt excels as a moulding man, and that branch of the busi ness has increased rapidly under his man agement. Mr. -Smith is noted for his honest methods and square dealing. Mr. Durfee be oame a professed Christian in his youth, and was received into the mem-bership of the Baptist Tem-ple. All branches of church work appeal to him. In 1900 and 1901 ha was president of the United Societies of Christian Endeavor of Fall River and vicin ity, at the same time being an active worker with the Young Men's Christian Association. In 1903, Mr. Durfee was elected superintend ent -of tihe -Sunday school connected with the Foster -Street Baptist Mission, and his inter est contributed materially to the creation of the mission into the Trinity Baptist C-hurch. As a -member of Battery M, heavy artillery, he enrolled for active service in the war with Spain in 1898, and was sta tioned at Fort Warren, Boston Harbor. The oiGcasIo-n did not arise for participation in the 'hostilities and Mr. Durfee was honor ably discharged. His marriage to Jeanie M. WilUamson, of this city, took place March 22, 1893. Four children have been born — Myrtle May, who died March 28, 1890; Inez Morrison, Beatrice Flasket and Joshua Cran dall. The activity whioh has marked his business and religious Ufe has distinguished his connection with Narragansett Lodge of Masons, which he joined in 1900. ALFRED STANISLAS LETOURNEAU.— Fall River has, among the younger genera tion of its business men, many energetic, en terprising and public-spirited adopted sons. Araong these stands the subject of this oketch, Alfred Stanislas Letourneau. He was born AprU 22, 1864, in -St. Sebastien, Can ada; he attended the comm-on schools of his native place, -and subsequently took the clas- si-oal course in -St. Hyacinthe College. He studied -pharmacy in Montreal, -where he passed the provincial board of examination in 1885. The following year he became a resident of Fall River, following his profes sion as a druggist. In 1888 he obtained a certiflcate from the Massachusetts Board of Pharmacy after a successful examination. He has been identified with the French so cieties and naturalization -movements in Fall River, and always contributed generously towards matters of public welfare. Mr. Le tourneau first acted as clerlt in the drug store of Dr. A. A. Collet & Co., located at the corner of Soutn Main and Borden streets; subsequently he went into partner ship with his father-in-law, WilUam Corneau, and had charge of the drug store comer of Pleasant and Corneau streets. After a while 'he dissolved the partnership and started a store on his own account in March, 1894, at 105 Pleasant street, in the Jennings Alfred Stanislas Letourneau building, where he has been successful in establishing a profitable business. He is noted as a steady, reliable and progressive business man. Many seek his advice, and flnd in him a raan of excellent judgment, liberal and weU informed on current events, as well as in history and literature generally. He was elected president and vice-president respectively of two social clubs, Lamartine and La Bou-cane; a director in the Lafayette Co-operative Bank and -treasurer of the l-wenty-five Associates. In 1892 Mr. Letour neau was married to Annie L. Corneau. Four children were born of this marriage, one hoy -named Darche -and three girls, Clarice, M-ariette and Adrienne. In March 254 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER he was appointed a trustee of the public library by Mayor John T. Coughlin. WhUe he never held any other office and has de voted his time to his business, yet he never failed to be interested and to take part in all events of -a -public character. He belongs to the Massachusetts Druggists' Association, and while he makes a specialty of -pharmacy and 'belongs to the foreifront of his profes sion, he 'does not neglect other inteUectual fields. He is a great reader and a worthy citizen, and is thoroughly loyal to his adopt ed country. JOHN ISHERWOOD.— iThe name of John Isherwood has been associated with the gro- John Isherwood eery and provision trade of the city for so many years that a history -of Fall River would not be accurate which raade no men tion of his connection with it. Very few of the early storekeepers are living, or still pursuing the vocation. Mr. Isherwood is old neitiher in 'looks nor in action, and in feelings he Is a comparatively young man. Close ap plication to business 'has been almost with out noticeable effect on his s-pirits or phy sique. Mr. Isherwood hears the name of his father; the maiden narae of his moftier was Margaret Holden. The parents lived in Ramsbottom, Lancashire, England, whefi -Xe was born, July 28, 1838. Family necessities pressed so hard that at an early age, before he had much of an o'P'portunity to taste tihe sweets of knowledge as dispensed at school, Mr. Isherwood was put to work. In 1851, tihe Isherwoods became residents of this oity. The son found employment in the Globe Print Works at fifty cents a day. He was ambitious, and in 1859 became an ap prentice in the blacksmith shop of James M. Osborn, which stood on the site of the present postoffice. "When he mastered the trade he was engaged by Marvel & Dsvol, machinists. In 1865, the Fall River Wor-k- ingmen's Co-operative Association was or ganized 'by Mr. Isherwood and six others, for the conduct of a grocery and provision store. That changed the current of 'his life. He became an employee of t'he association, and remained as such for four years and a half. Meanwhile, two brothers had located in Jackson County, Minnesota, and the re ports they sent east led Mr. Isherwood to think that he would like to live in the West. Accordingly, he bought a farra and settled on it with his faraily. One winter's experi ence, however, was enough for the emigrants, and at the end of eighteen months they were back in Pall River. After a year in the machine shop of the Weetamoe Mill, IVTr. Isherwood was engaged to work in the grocery of Thomas Fantom, whom he served four years. Four years of association with John Frost followed, and then he started in business at his present location at 2175 South Main street. Up to five years ago he con fined himself to retail interests. Then he became a wholesaler in -addition, operating both branches -with marked success. The wed-din-g of Mr. Isherwood and Sarah Ham- lett, of this city, took place here June 18, 1862. Seven children were born — Joseph Henry, Charles Lincoln, Samuel James, de ceased; Sarah Elizabeth, Thoraas, deceased; Alice Ann, deceased; John WiUia-m Isher wood. Mr. Isherwood is a mem-ber of Mt. Hope Lodge of Masons, and he and his family discharge their rellgi-o-us duties at St. John's Episcopal Church. His political con victions made him a supporter of the Re publican party when he cast his first vote, and in that faith he has continued, though not -caring to be an active partisan. BBGiINA-LD ASHTON FOULDS.— Of the men in business in this city whose fathers went to the front in the days of the Rebel lion, none is -more imbued with civic spirit and has greater faith in the -present and the future of Fall River than Reginald Ashton Poulds. Mr. Foulds is the son of John E. HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 255 Foulds, a native of Taunton, many of whose characteristics he inherited, and Mary Ker shaw, who was born in Rochdale, England. They were married in Newton Upper Palls by Rev. j. Minot Bailey, Sep tember 7, 1866, and settled in this city in 1867. On September 14, 1869, their only o-hUd was born. The father was in several engagements in the Civil War, having served in Company C, Twenty- second Massachusetts Regiment, for two years, and re-enlisted in the -Second Massa chusetts Light Artillery. He was ah Alder man in 1885, 1886 and 1889, and held the chairmanship of the Republican City Com mittee. At the time of his death, Novem ber 28, 1903, J. E. Foulds was in the employ Reginald Ashton Foulds of the State as a-n Inspector of Buildings. Reginald A. Foulds reached the eighth grade in the puiblic schools, and then turned to to help his parents. He was ambitious to get an education and attended a night school conducted iby Bdward -Gray, so as to qualify for the course at the evening sessions at the high school. An opportunity to obtain the preparation for a business life afforded iby a commercial college in Providence was em braced, and in 1888 Mr. Poulds received a diploma. -His instruction at that institution he supplemented by attendance at a short hand school in this city. After a short ti-me s-pe-nt as a bookkeeper he embarked in -busi ness as dealer in pianos. There had been no degree of failure In his preceding career, and success marked the venture. The liking the father had for politics was transmitted to the son, and Mr. Poulds was elected to represent the First Ward as Alderman. His acts satisfied the constituency, and the fol lowing year he was iu the same seat. Sep tember 11, 1901, Miss Cora Gertrude CoUins became tihe wife of Mr. 'Foulds. There are three children of 'the marriage, two boys and a girl. Mildred Alice is the oldest, Edgar Reginald next, and the baby of the family is John Herbert. Mr. Foulds has connections with the RepiJbllcan Club of Massachusetts, the Central Republican -Club of Fall River, Mt. Hope Lodge of Odd Fellows, the Fall River Trade and Industry Association, and the Pall -River Retail Merchants' Associa tion. If there is one hobby whioh he may be said to have it is the promotion of the welfare of the city. That is the object of the Trade and Industry Association, and Mr. Foulds has worked unceasingly and given of his means in its furtherance. He does not share the -pessimism with which certain citizens are aft'Ucted regarding the possibilities for a bigger and better FaU River; discouragements to-day serve as a silm-ulus for activity and hope the day fol lowing, with an eye single to the com-raon good. That was the trait of the elder Foulds, and it is the happy possession of the subject of tihis sket-ch. PRA-N-K ANTHONY THURSTON.— Repre sentatives of three generations in one family holding the office of Superintendent of Streets, almost in succession, is the unique record to which Frank Anthony Thurston, the incumbent of the position, is able to point. The first Thurston to be so honored by his fellow citizens was 'Edward Thurs ton. That was before the incorporation of FaU River as a city. He was elected by the town in 1850, 1851 and 1852 as Surveyor of Highways. When Danforth Horton was ap pointed head of the Street Department, he looked about for a man to act as assistant who was familiar with masonry and con- structiO'U work in general. He found such a man in -Anthony Thurston, a son of Ed ward, and engaged him in 1868. The selec tion was a fortunate one for the superin tendent, and it was quite natural that the City Council, in considering the succession to Mr. Horton, should promote the capable deputy. This was done in 1878. Frank A. Thurston, his son, became his successor, 256 HISTORY OF FALL RTVER thereby establishing the record for family representation. F^ank Anthony Thurston is the flrst-ib'orn of Anthony and Ann M. (Whipple) Thurston. The family then lived at Steep Brook, and the birth took place Mardh 15, 1864. A course in the local schools was followed -by training in the English and classical school in Providence, which was finished in 1884. Although his father occupied the lucrative post of Super intendent of Streets, Mr. Thurston was made to realize that he had to -make his way in the world by -his own efforts like other mem bers of the family for generations. As ihe chose to follow in the footsteps of his pa ternal relative, he was placed on the -pay roll of the Street Department as a laborer. Frank Anthony Thurston and set to work at screening sand. Three years of -employment -as a sort of utility man — ^painter, assistant clerk and bri-o-k- layer — preceded promotion to flll -a vacancy as foreman. No favors -were shown the young man by his parent, who seemed to require more from hi-m than was demanded from other workmen. Especially in the mat ter of discipline was there unbending rigid ity toward the son. When sickness incapac itated the -superintendent, the management of the -department devolved largely on P. A. Thurston. His severe and versatile training in the details showed itself under the weight of the new responsi-bility. Affairs ran smoothly, and the footsteps of the parent were adhered to closely. Anthony Thurs ton died September 6, 1894, and he was laid to rest in -Oak Grove Cemetery. Those were rather strenuous days in municipal govern ment. Partisanship was intense. There was a division among the Aldermen as respected the authority and acts of the Mayor. The leaders of the dominant faction endeavored to imbue city officials with the prejudices that animated them, and it was sought to make the -condition of election to offices filled by the City -Council a declaration of sym pathy with the opponents of the executive. Although Mr. Thurston refused peremptorily to give any pledge other than a promise to fill the -position of superintendent to the best of his ability and to try to satisfy the citi zens, bis frankness appealed to the City Council, and he was elected November 5, 1894. The confidence reposed in the father was transmitted to the son, and every year since his first election down to the present (1906) the superintendent has had the sup port of the government as an as-pirant for re-election. Politics does not interest Mr. Thurston save doing his duty as a voter. He has time for nothing but his home, his work and an occasional meeting of the fraterni ties with which he is connected — ^King Philip Lodge of -Masons, Fall River Lodge of Odd bellows and Pocasset Lodge of Pythians. He has been married twice. His first wife, Daisy B. Bowles, with whom he entered into marriage September 17, 1889, died AprU 30, 1898. The present Mrs. Thurston was M. Bstella Adams, the union beginning June 9, 1904. JAMBS -H. HOLDEN.— Among the native- born business men and -manufacturers of FaU River, Jaraes H. Holden deserves a place si-ra-ply because he has earned it. Men who work hard and build up a successful enter prise add to the city's progress and develop ment. Mr. Holden was bom in this city May 2, 1869, and received his education in the public schools. -His father, James Hol den, was born dn Blackburn, England, and came to the United -States in 1852, landing in Ne-w York City. Soon after setting foot on American soil he secured employment at the Brooklyn Navy Yard and learned how to make rope, where he worked for three years, coming to Fall River in 1856. Mr. Holden did not remain idle very long, for he learned to spin cotton in the land of his birth, and it stood him in good stead when he arrived in this city. Help was not as HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 257 plentiful then as it is now, and young Hol den had no trouble in securing employment in the spinning roora of the Metacomet Mill where he worked for two years. Being am bitious, and desiring to go into business on his own account, he rented a small building James H. Holden on Hope street, in 1859, and began to make cotton rope and mill banding. He was the first to start that industry In Fall River, and 'soon built up a successful business. For nine years he remained in the Hope street building, and then moved to 559 Ridge street, which at that tirae was known as 8 Dyson street. The business grew and prospered and new buildings -were added from time' to time to make room for new machinery and other improvements. Mr. Holden was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Hendry, of Pall River, in 1867. One son was born to them, Jaraes H. -Holden, the name at the head of this biographical sketch, and the present head of the -business. Mr. Holden, Sr., died in 1874, and his -widow continued the manu facturing business until her son reached the age when he could assume tihe responsibility of managing the establishment, which oc curred in 1891. Mrs. Holden retired and her son became the active head. Since James H. Holden took charge of the business it has grown to.be one of the best known es tablishments of the kind in the New Eng land States. He -manufactures cotton rope and all kinds of mUl handing, and his trade extends all over the country. James H. Hol den was married to Miss Rose Ro-urke, of Fall River. Three children have blessed t'heir union — ^Grace, Ruth and George Hol den. The family reside at 559 Ridge street. Mr. Holden is an independent voter and votes for -the men whom he thinks will make the best officials and give the best adminis tration to the people. He belongs to the Pall River Bowling Green Club, and for twenty years has been an honored member of the Y. M. I. A. C. T. A. B. Society of this city. The faraily attend St. Patrick's Church, on -South Main street. INDEX OF TEXT PAGE A. .\l)oUtion ol Gra.le (Jiossings 40 Acaderay of Music openel :13 Adoption of new Ci(y Charter 39 Advent Christian Church 121 Algonquin Printing Company ,'^9 American Linen -MIU 7 2 Amerlca-ni Print Worlds '(2 American Print Works estabilshed. . . . 22 An Army of 32,500 Men employed In the Cotton MiUs 75 Ancient Order of Hibernians 137 Anco-na Mills 85 Anawan and Massasoit MiUs 72 Arkwright MUls 87 Assassination of Lincoln Cause of Universal Grief 32 B. Banks and Banking 95 Barnaby Mills 81 Barnard Manufacturing Company 80 B-ay State Steam-boat Company formed in 1847 23 Beginnings -an-d Development of two Strong Departments 07 Benjamin Church, in 1714, transferred Water Rights to the Borden family. 10 B. M. -C. Durfee Safe Deposit & Trust Company 97 Bogle Street Christian Church 119 Border City Herald 107 Boundary Question finally Settled 29 Bourne Mills 83 Boys' Club of FaU River 134 Bradford Durfee Textile School 59 Brayton M. B. Church 114 C. Calico Printing begun in 1826 23 Capital Invested in the Cotton Industry nearly $26,000,000 '75 Catholic Diocese of Fall River 123 Central Congregational Church 112 Chace Mills ^^ Charles Pittman First Postmaster 34 Chace's Thread Mill 72 Cholera Epidemic in, 1854 28 Church of the -Blessed Sanra-ient 131 Church of .Jesus- Christ of I.atl-r Day Saints 121 Church of the Aseer.siim (P. E.) 117 PAGE Church of the New Jerusalem 122 Citizens' Savings Banii 97 Oity has Forty Cotloii ;\lanutaoturaij Corporations 74 City Hcspital 100 City's Officials (lsr>M900) 14G Cleft Rook as a Boundary Monument. . 8 Clubs, Lodges, Social titid other Organi- zation-s- 132 Colonel Joseph Durfee's Prominent Part in- the Action of May 25, 1778 10 Colonel Thomas Gilbert's Prominence in the Revolutionary Struggle 17 Colonel Tho-mas Gilbert's Property Confiscated by the Colonists IS Commission appointed in 1740 to E-stabUsh Eastern Boundary, but not definitely lo-cated until 1844. ..'..... i1 Completion of Waterworks 33 Conaniout Mills 84 Convent and Acarl-emy of the Holy Union of the Sacred Hearts 131 Cornell MUls 84 Crescent MiUs 85 Custora House Established in 1782 12 D. Davis MUls 88 Davol Mills 82 Deaconess' Home loil Disastrous Pire in 18'I3 22 Division of Freemen's Purchase 0 "Drafts" of Soldiers 31 Durfee MUls 87 B. Eagle MIU 72 Early Farmers interested in- Ship building 12 Early History of FaU River 1 Early History -of the Catholic Church.. 129 Early Mills- insignificant compared to -present structures 23 Early -Schools in FaU River IS Early Town Records of Freetown 19 Ebenezer T. Learned, M. D 100 Educational Facilities 50 Effort made in 1804 to Change the rame of Fall River to that of Troy, proved Successful 22 Election -Statistics 144 Emergency Hospital 100 260 HISTORY OF FALL RlVER PAGE Enterprise Brewing Company 91 Ei-ection of Custom House begun in 1875 and corapleted in 1880 36 ES'pirito Santo (Portuguese) Church... 131 Bs-tes MUls 200 Evening News established 107 ExceUent Waterworks System 48 F. Fall River Bar Association 103 Fall River Bleachery 89 FaU River -Co-Operative Bank 100 Pall River Daily Globe 107 Pall River Daily Herald 109 Pall River Electric Light Company.... 91 FaU River Five-Cent Savings Bank 98 Pall River Gas Works 93 Fall River Hospital 100 F-all River Incorporated Feb. 20, 1803.. 21 Fall River Incorporated -as a City in 1854 28 Fall River Line 92 Fall River Manufactory 72 Fall River M-edicai Society IOC Fall River Monitor 109 Fall River National Bank 98 Pall River of To-day — Its Attractive -Situation ;and Advantages 46 Fall River Savings Bank 96 Fire -and Police 67 Pire Department Instituted in 1826 . . 23 Firing on Fort Sumter was responded to by Speedy Enlistments of Defenders -of tihe Union 31 First Baptist Church 113 First Catholic Edifice (-St. John the Baptist) erected in 1837 123 First Catholic Services held in 1829 .. 123 First Christian Church 119 First CoEugregational Church 112 First -Cotton Mill erected in 1811 22 First M. E. Church 1T4 First National Bank 96 First Primitive Methodist Church 116 First Saw -Mill erected in 1691 10 First Schoolhouses e-rected in 1722 and 1727 18 First 'Street Railway 93 PMnt Mills 81 Foresters of America 137 Foster Hooper, M. D 104 Fowler Congregatio-nal Church 113 Free Delivery System Inaugurated July 1, 1803 34 Free-men's Purchase (Freetown) 6 French Congregational Church 113 Freetown Incorporated in 1083 9 PAGE Friends' Meetings held in 1818 120 G. General Court gives £20 for a Church -Building 19 George Lawton, settled in 1087 8 Globe Yarn Mills 86 Gdoibe Presbyterian Church 120 Grand Army -of the Republic 138 -Granite Mills 79 Graves of Revolu-tio-n-ary Soldiers 10 Greatest Centre of Cotton Manufacturing 72 Growth and Efficiency of the Modern School Systera 56 K. Happy Girls' Club 134 Hargraves Mills 88 Henry Howland, settler in 1683 8 Home for Aged People 134 Hugh Woodberee, settler In 1680 8 I. In 1833 the name Troy was supplanted -by the readoptlon of Fall River . . 22 Independent Order of Odd Fellows .... 137 Independent Polish Catholic Church . . 131 Indian Reservation Designated in 1704. . 14 Indian Sch-oolho-use erected in 1772 .... 14 Influx of French-Canadians 32 Industrial Ex-change 134 Incorporation -of Tiverton in 1692 9 Iraportance -of Whaling Industry be tween 1840 and 1850 26 Immaculate Conception Church 131 Its Water Power 46 J. james M. Aldrich, M. D 106 Jero-me Dwelly, M. D., Dean of the Medical Profession 104 John- Read, settler in 1686 8 K. Kerr Thread Com-pany 91 Kilburn, Lincoln & Company 89 King Philip 2 King Philip Brewing Company 91 King Philip MiUs 79 Knights- of Pythias 137 L. Labor "Strikes" among the Mill Hands. 139 Lafayette Co-Operative Bank 100 Laurel Lake MUls 85 Law, Medicine and the Press 102 Liberal Support given the Union Cause . . 32 L'Independanit (daily) 109 Luther Manufacturing Com.pany 84 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 261 M. M. C. D. B-orden, a Prominent Factor in -the -city's Industrial Growth 75 Madonna de Rosario (Italian) Churcn 131 Many -Divines noted for .Long Service 111 Marked Mercantile Activity 33 Masonic Societies 137 Massasoit 1 Massasoit Bank 98 M-assas-oit ManufacburiBg Company .... 90 Massasoit-Pocasset -National Bank .... 98 M-att-hew Boomer, flrst settler in 1070 . . 8 Mayor .John T. Coughlin's Adminls-tra- itlon 42 Mechanics' Mills 81 Merchants' Manufacturing Company . . 83 Mefcaco-met Mills 72 Metacomet National Bank 90 Mill Industry -shows Marked Activity in the years 1821 to 1825 22 "Monitor" newspaper begins publication in 1826 22 Mule Spinners' Association- 140 Municipal I-nddbtedness '. 140 Muni-cipal -Statistics 143 N. N. B. Aldrich, -M. D 100 Narragansett Mills 80 National Union Bank 90 Naval ,Brigade 138 New Bedford Railroad Constructed .... 33 North Burial -Ground 54 North Christian Church 119 North M. B. Church 116 North Park 53 Noted Financiers 95 Noted Relics Destroyed by the Great Fire in 1843 25 Notre Dame -de Lourdes Church 129 Number of 'Spindles, 3,300,000, 'and 83,000 Looms busy in Manufacturing Tex tile Goods '?5 O. Oak Grove Cemetery instituted 28 Oak Grove Cemetery 54 Oak Tree Cemetery 54 Old Colony Brewing Corapany 91 Oldest Living Lawyer 104 Original Deed of Pocasset Purchase . . 7 Orphanage of St. Joseph 131 Osborn Mills S6 P Parker MUls ^'^ Park System of Pall River 53 PAGE People's Co-Operative Bank 100 Petition ot Thomas Borden and others for a Separation from Freetown, dated January 12, 1902, presented -to tihe General Court 20 Pocasset Maniufacturing Company 77 Poca.s-Eet National Banic 98 Pocasset Purchase 5 Population (from 1810-1900) 140 Population of Pall River in 1S03 was -about 1,000 inhabitants 22 Poor Farm EstabUshed 2". Post Office EstabUshed in ISll 23 Power Weaving Introduced in 1817 .... 22 Principal Hostelry in 1830 24 Profit-Sharing Instituted 140 Prominent Lawyers 102 Prominent Men in 'the MIU Industry . . 24 Prominent Part taken by the Settlers in the Revolutionary Struggles 15 Prominent To-ries noted to Appear for Trial, M-ay 31, 1777 18 Public Improvements Ordered to Alle viate the -Stringency in 1857 29 Public Library, description 02 Public Library established 29 Q. Quakers among -the Early Settlers .... 10 Quakers Predominated in the Early -Days Ill Quarry Street M. B. Church 114 Quequechan -Club 132 Quequechan Mill 77 Quequechan River as a Water Po-wer early discovered 9 R. RaUroad Facilities 46 Ralph Earle, settler in 1090 8 Religious De-n-o-mlnations Ill Response to First Call for Volunteers April 19, 1775 15 Robert Durfee, settler in 1080 8 Robert T. Davis, M. D 104 Robeson's Print Works 72 RolUing Rock on County street 54 Ruggles Park 53 S. Sacred Heart Academy .' 40 Sagamore Mills 85 Salt W-orks estabUshed July 7, 1777 10 Salvation Army Citadel 130 Samuel Gardner, settler in 1087, was an early town -clerk 8 262 HISTORY OF FALL RlVER PAGE Sanford Spinning Company S7 -Sca-lHiry W. Bowen, M. D 104 Seaconnet Mills 81 Second Baptist Church 114 Second National Bank 98 -Second Primitive Methodist Church... 110 Sewer -S.vstem 55 Shove Mills 82 Sisters of St. .Joseph 131 Slade's Ferry Established ir. 1023 13 -Slade's Ferry Bridge Completed and Opened to the Public 33 South Park 53 Stafford MiUs 78 Stage Lines Inaugurate.l 23 -State Militia 137 Steam Rallro-ad extended to Newport . . 29 'Steam-boats to Local Points, fir^t run . . 23 -Step-hen- Borden, -Moderator of Meeting endorsing Declaration- of Independ ence 10 Steve-n-s Manufacturing Company 80 SS. Peter and Paul's Church 131 S-te. Anne's Hospital 129 Ste. Anne's R. C. Church 129 Stocks an-d Pillory erected lu 1090 for Evil-doers 12 St. James' P. E. Church lis St. John's (P. E.) Church 117 St. Luke's P. E. -Church 118 St. Mark's P. E. Church 117 St. Mary's Catholic Church corner-stone laid -i-n 1852 123 St. Mathieu's Church 131 St. Paul's M. E. Church 114 St. Roch's R. C. Church 131 St. -Stanislaus Church 131 St. Stephen's P. E. Church 119 St. Vincent's Orphanage 124 'Summerfleld M. E. Church 116 Swansea Dye Works 91 Sykes Primitive Methodist Church 116 T. Tablet Commemorating the Battle of May 25, 1778, erected in 1899 17 PACE Tax Valuations 145 Tecumseh Mills 82 Textile School 40 Textile Strike of 1904 39 The Avery Case 24 The Warapanoags 3 The B. M. -C. Durfee High School . . 59 The Borden Murder Trial 39 The Catiholic Advocate nil The City's Executives 37 The City's IndusI ries 72 The Friends (Quakers) erected a Meeting-house in 1 725 19 'ihe Great Fire of 1843 25 "The Goose-Nesting Rock" 54 The -Noted Clough Murder Case 25 Third Baptist Church nt Thomas Wilbur, M. D KG Tiverto-n under Provisional Government 9 Toll Roads Abolished 30 Treaty with the Indians 4 Trinity Baptist Church 114 Troy C-o-Operative Bank 98 Troy Cotton and Woolen Manufactory.. 72 U. Union Hospital 100 Union MiUs 79 Union Savings Bank 97 Unl-tari-an -Church 121 United Presbyterian Church 120 W. Wampanoag Mills 78 Wamsutta 5 Water Communication 40 Weetamoe Mills 85 William Chase, settler in 1084 8 William Way, first schoolmaster 18 Women's Union 134 Working Girls' Club 134 Y. Young Men's Christ'an Association . . 132 Young 'Me-n-'s Iris'i-American Catholic T. A. B. Society 130 INDEX OF GENERAL ILLUSTRATIONS American Printing Company's Plant . . 73 Boys' -Club House, the gift of M. C. D. Borden, Esq 110 Central Congregational Church 112 ChUdren's Horae 135 Church of the Ascension 114 City HaU ^^ County Court House 94 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER 263 PACE David Anthony ii;; Eveninig News BuUding 100 Everett B. Durfee, Superintemlent oP 'Schools 5G Fall River Hospital 37 Fire of July, 1843 25 Hud-ner Building 105 Interior of St. Mark's P. E. Church 118 Jesse Bddy 93 King Philip 2 Main 'Staircase and Entrance to City HaU 47 Main 'sitreet in 1838 24 Memibers of the Board of Aldermen — First, Second and Third Wards 43 Members of the Board of Aldermen — Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Wards 44 Members of the Bo-ard of Aldermen — Seventh, Eighth and Ninth Wards. . 45 New Aldermanic Chamber, City Hall.. 47 North Park, view across the Wading Pool 53 Old Alderma-ndo -Oh-amber, City Hall.. 49 Old Church House, corner of June and French streets 23 Old City H-all 27 Old Colony Brewery 238 Old Bipi-s-oopal Church Ill Old Freelove Ho-use 21 Old Gun House on Rock street, near Bed-ford street 22 Old Matthew Boomer House 21 PAGE Old Residence of Mrs. Mary B. Young, which stood o-n the present site of Public Library 04 Plymouth Avenue School 59 Post Office 35 Pu-blic Library Building 02 Quill Pen Ledger of Edmund Estes, Treasurer -of Union Factory, found ed February 10, 1813 202 Ruggles Park, from the corner of Pvne and Sea-bury streets 52 South Park, view of the Wading Pool . . 55 South Park, view of the Wading Pool. . 57 South Park, view showing shrul>bery.. 54 -Site. Anne's Church 127 St. Mary's- Church 125 St. Vl-ncemt Home 120 The Armory 122 The B. M. C. Durfee High School GO The Brownell House 20 The Davenport School 58 The N. B. Borden School 57 The Old Buttonwood Tree 30 The Old David Anthony House 71 The old excursion steamboats BradforJ Durfee anid CanG-nicu,3» 2G The Old Slade House, formerly at south west corner of North Main and Elm streets 7 The Tho-mas Durfee House 20 WiUiam P. Kemnerly, editor of Fail River Daily 'Globe IflS Young Men's Christian Association Building 133 BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX ('''Indicates that portrait accompanies PAGE Aldrich, M. D., J. M 184 "¦Almy, FramkUn L 191 ¦* Archambault, M. D., J. Arthur 251 *Barre, M. D., Joseph A 246 Borden, Cook 185 '"Borden, Charles Frederick 195 •^Borden, Jefferson 203 '"Borden, M. C. D 161 '"Borden, Hon. Nathaniel Briggs 175 '"Borden, Col. Richard 103 "¦Bowen, Joseph Abraham 193 *Brady, James Charles 229 I'Brayto-n, Arthur Borden 244 *BraytO'n, I>avld Antho^ny ,,,.,,,,. n. . 16? biography.) PAGE '"Brayton, Hon. John Sura-merfield . . 164 Buffinton, Hon. Edward Puri-ngton . . 184 ''¦'Buffinito-n, Hon. James 185 ¦"Butler, M. D., William Hodnett 234 ¦"Chace, Hon. Prank M 227 ¦"Chace, Hon. Oliver 213 '"Cook, Richard Hartley 239 ¦"Cornell, Daniel Howland 215 Coughlin, J-o-hii T 173 ¦"Crosson, James Daniel 239 ¦"Darlln-g, Leander Rich 234 ¦•''Davis, Hon. Robert Thompson 168 '"Davol, Stephen- 204 •¦''IDavol. William C , , , . . 229 264 HISTORY OF FALL RIVER PAGE ¦"Dubuque, Hugo Adelard 224 Dunn, William J 219 ¦"Durfee, Captain William 240 Durfee, Everett Brownell 248 ¦"Durfee, M. D., Nathan 207 ¦"Du-rfee, Nelson Borden 252 ¦"D-welly, Jr., Jerome 181 ¦"Bstes, John H 199 ¦"Poulds, Reginald Ashton . .^ 254 ¦"Gray, FrankUn 211 ¦"Greene, Hon. WiUiam Stedman 204 ¦"Grime, Hon. George 207 Haffenreffer, Jr., Rudolf F 238 Hatheway, Nicholis 195 ¦"Holden, James H 250 '•"Hol-mes, Hon. Charles Jarvis 191 ¦"Hughes, Rev. -Ch-risto-p-her 230 ¦"Isherwood, John 254 Jackson, H-o-n. Jam-es Frederick 206 ¦"Jenndngs, William H 197 ¦"KeUy, M. D., Michael 232 ¦"Landry, M. D., Joseph Napoleon 251 ¦"L-angf-or-d, James 243 Leonard, M. D., E. T 183 ¦"Le-tourneau, Alfred Stanislas 253 *Lincoln, Jon-athad Thayer 177 PAGE ¦"Lincoln, Leontine 179 -Maloney, V. -S., Thomas Edmund 248 ¦"McNally, Michael 246 *McW-hlrr, Robert Armstrong 215 ¦"Mdlne, John C 189 ¦"-Morrison, David 217 Muniroe, John D 236 ¦"Osborn, -Hon. Weaver 183 ¦"Quinn, John Francis 242 ¦"Reagan, Michael 240 Reed, Hon. Milton 220 ¦"Remington, Robert Knight 187 '•Sinclair, Hon. James 249 ¦"Small, Jr., Reuben 221 S-bang, Rt. Rev. Bishop William 232 ¦"SuUivan, Daniel D 209 ¦"Swift, Jaraes Marcus 227 ¦"Thurston, Prank Anthony 255 ¦"Torphy, John E 247 ¦"Trainor, John B 225 ¦"Watis-on, -Sarauel 222 Wes-t-all, M. D., John 220 '"Wetherell, Orin Bradford 218 ¦^¦Whitehead, Edmund 235 *Wilson, Jaraes H 21C YALE UNIVERSITY a 3 9002 001927Q^6b \.t.\m^ r^<'