YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

NEW-YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY.
PUBLICATION FUND.

XIV.

COMMITTEE ON PUBLICATIONS.

EDWARD F. DE LANCEY,
WILLIAM LIBBEY,
GEORGE H. MOORE.

^ftaefl;,

«£¦

Chief Engineer of Am.nca, 1776.
L"' ¦  ' I'-m-i I 1.1. i  I lv/ i ! ,-:, !,,;¦,

UIFMSr.Dr, I*

COLLECTIONS

NEW-YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY

FOR THE YEAR

l88l.

PUBLICATION FUND SERIES.

NEW YORK:
PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY.
MDCCCLXXXII.

jYAU?;

Officers of the Society, 1882.

PRESIDENT,
FREDERIC DE PEYSTER, LL.D,
FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT,
HAMILTON FISH, LL.D.
SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT,
BENJAMIN H. FIELD.
FOREIGN CORRESPONDING SECRETARY,
JOHN W. DRAPER, LL.D.
DOMESTIC CORRESPONDING SECRETARY,
EDWARD F. DE LANCEY.
RECORDING SECRETARY,
ANDREW WARNER.
TREASURER,
BENJAMIN B. SHERMAN.
LIBRARIAN,
JACOB B. MOORE.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

FIRST CLASS  FOR TWO YEARS, ENDING 1 883.
JOHN TAYLOR JOHNSTON, ROBERT LENOX KENNEDY,
JOHN C BARRON, M.D.,
SECOND CLASS  FOR THRKE YEARS, ENDING 1 884.
BENJAMIN H. FIELD, WILLIAM DOWD, :
GEORGE H. MOORE, LL.D.
THIRD CLASS — FOR FOUR YEARS, ENDING 1885.
JOHN A. WEEKES, WILLIAM LIBBEY,
ROYAL PHELPS.
FOURTH CLASS  FOR ONE YEAR, ENDING 1 886.
EDWARD F. DE LANCEY, JACOB D. VERMILYE,
WILLARD PARKER, Jr., M.D.
JOHN A. WEEKES, Chairman.
JACOB B. MOORE, Secretary.
[The President, Recording Secretary, Treasurer, and Librarian
are members, ex-officio, of the Executive Committee.]

COMMITTEE ON THE FINE ARTS.
ASHER B. DURAND, DANIEL HUNTINGTON,
ANDREW WARNER, CEPHAS G. THOMPSON,
JOHN A. WEEKES, GEORGE H. MOORE, LL. D.
ASHER B. DURAND, Chairman.
ANDREW WARNER, Secretary.
[The President, Librarian, and Chairman of the Executive Com
mittee are members, ex-officio, of the Committee on the Fine Arts.]

THE MONTRESOR JOURNALS
EDITED AND ANNOTATED BY
G. D. SCULL
MEMBER OF THE NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY.

INTRODUCTION

THE contents of this volume, forming the Collec
tions for the Year 1881, will be found to be of great
interest and utility to the historical scholar in furnish
ing a rich mass of original information respecting the
history of America during the eventful period from
1 757 1° 1779- In the form of personal narrative by
actual participants, they cast a new light upon many
of the most important occurrences of the French and
Indian War and the War of the American Revolu
tion, including the capture of Fort William Henry,
the sieges of Louis bourg and Quebec, the expulsion of
the Acadians, the expedition of Bradstreet, the Stamp
Act disturbances of 1 765-1 766, and the important
operations of the Revolution during 1 777-1 778.
The journals which are here reproduced with literal
fidelity and as far as possible without any modifica
tion in other respects, which would lessen their historic
value, comprise those of Col. James Montresor from
1757 to 1759, and those of his son, Capt. John Mon-
tresor from 1 757 to 1 778, two able and energetic officers
of the Engineer Corps of Great Britain, whose skill,
bravery, and fidelity were identified with many of the
important works of defence erected by that nation in
this country during the last century, with its plans of
military operation, with the hardships of pioneer ser
vice and Indian warfare, and with the heat of conflict
in many a stubbornly contested siege and battle.

XU INTRODUCTION.
The original manuscripts from which these journals
have been furnished are preserved among the family
records of Cou Henry Edward Montresor, of Stone ly
Grange, Huntingdonshire, England, with whose kind
permission they were transcribed for publication in
the Society s Collections by its valued corresponding
associate, G. D. Scull, Esq., of Oxford, England. In
making this important historical material available to
the student of our nation s annals, the Committee for
themselves and the Society they represent acknowledge
the courtesy of Colonel Montresor and the efficient ser
vices of their associate, Mr. Scull, who in faithfully
copying and annotating the originals a?id placing the
result of his valuable labors at the disposal of the Com
mittee, has manifested a continuance of that scholarly
care and zeal which has hitherto characterized his able
researches into the history of his native land.
New York, January, 1882.

CONTENTS

I. FAMILY OF MONTRESOR, ....
II. JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR
1757-1759- I. From April 20 to October 12, 1757,
II. From August 19, to September 21, 1757
Saratoga, .....
III. From October 12, 1757, to April 9, 1758
IV. From April 1 to July 31, 1759,
V. From August i to December 31, 1759,
III. JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR
I757-I778- I. Notes and Memoranda, .
II. Fort Edward, 1757, .
III. Siege of Louisbourg, 1758,
IV. Rout from Louisbourg to Lake Labra
dor, 1759, 
V. Siege of Quebec, 1759,
VI. Expedition to Les Prairies de la Mag
dalene, 1760, 
VII. Bradstreet's Expedition to Niagara
and Detroit, 1764,
VIII. Albany and New York, Stamp Act Dis
TURBANCES, 1 765, ....
IX. Report on the Site of Fort Orange,
Albany, 1766, ....
X. Notes on Fort Castle William, Boston
1770, 

PAGE I

41
4565 86

"5148 151
188
196236
252
322
393
399

XIV contents.
PAGE
XI. Remarks on the Navigation of Long
Island Sound, 177 1, .... 410
XII. Notes on Mud Fort or Fort Mifflin,
i77i»  4M
XIII. Fords across the Schuylkill River, 1777, 419
XIV. From January i, 1777, to Dec 24, 1778, . 420
IV. APPENDIX. I. List of Engineers, 1759, . . . -523
II. Abstract of Col. James Montresor's Ac
counts with the Crown, . . .524
III. Letter of Capt. John Montresor to Sir
Jeffry Amherst, 1760, .... 524
IV. Bradstreet's Treaty of Peace, 1764, .526
V. Letters of Col. Alexander Leslie to
Gen. Haldimand, 1773, . . . . 531
VI. Return of Staff Officers, Engineer
Corps, 1777,  534
VII. Captain Montresor and the Auditor's
Office in London, .... 534
INDEX,  545

I.

FAMILY OF MONTRESOR.

FAMILY OF MONTRESOR.

The Le Tresors, or Montresors, were a very old
I French Huguenot family, who derived their descent
from Hugues Le Tresor or Hugo Thesaurius, a Treas
urer of the Duchy of Normandy, as well as of Eng
land, which office he and his descendants held for
many generations. He accompanied William Courte-
hose, Duke of Normandy, in the First Crusade in
1096. His descendants held the family estates in
Normandy for many generations. After the Edict of
Nantes, the progenitor of the English family, James
le Tresor, fled fro.n France to England, but eventually
returned to his native country and died in Paris, May
15, 1688.
His son, James Gabriel, of Thurland Hall, near
' Nottingham, was born in Caen, Normandy, but natur
alized by Act of Parliament (12th William III.). He
was a Major in the Twenty-first Regiment of Foot,
and Lieutenant-Governor of Fort William, in Scot
land, where he died January 22, 1724. He married
[ Nanon de Hautville, daughter of Colonel de Hautville,
of Normandy, but in the service of England. He
commanded a troop of General Monk's Horse Grena
dier Guards that conducted the seven bishops to the
Tower (temp. Jac. II.). James Gabriel Montresor,
son of the above, was born in the parish of St. James,
Westminster, London, in the year 1709. He entered
the army, and was present at Gibraltar at the tak
ing of that fortress in 1727. He reached the rank of
Colonel, and became the second engineer in England.
Early in 1757 he was ordered to America, where he

4 FAMILY OF MONTRESOR.
planned and built several fortifications in the province
of New York. His first wife, to whom he was mar
ried in Gibraltar, was Mary, daughter of Robert Has-
well,* (master attendant of the royal dockyard at
Gibraltar,) and born at Portsmouth. After her death in
London, in 1761, he remarried, August 25, 1766, Har
riet, daughter of Henry Fielding, Esquire, and niece
of Sir John Fielding, Knight. His third wife was
Frances, daughter of H. Nickolls, Esquire. By his
journals it would appear that he remained in America
during the years 1757, 1758, and 1759, and before he
returned to England early in 1760 had reached the
rank of " Chief Engineer in the Provinces." He died
at New Gardens, in the parish of Teynham, Kent,
January 6, 1776.
John, his eldest son, was born April 6, 1736, at f
Gibraltar. He served as assistant engineer under his
father at Gibraltar for four years, and was gazetted as
ensign and chief engineer (October 28, 1754) under
General Braddock, for his expedition against Fort
du Quesne. He sailed December 24, 1754, with the
General, and was wounded in the engagement with
the French and Indians July 9, 1755, receiving, five
days before, his promotion to a lieutenancy in the
Forty-eighth Regiment. From 1755 to 1762 he was
actively and widely engaged in his department as
engineer and surveyor in Canada and Nova Sco
tia (Acadia) and the Middle British Provinces. He
eventually published a map of Acadia in London. He I
was at the siege of Louisbourg from its commerice-
ment, in 1758, and at the capitulation of Quebec in
1759, and it is to his talent as an artist that we are
* Robert Haswell had also two sons, Robert and William, both in the
Royal Navy. Lieutenant William Haswell was the father of Susanna,
better known as Mrs. Rowson, who married, in 1786, Wm. Rowson, leader
of the band of the Royal Guards. In 1793 Mr. and Mrs. Rowson came to
reside in America. She died in Boston, March 2, 1824, and was the
writer of numerous works of fiction, etc., etc. Her novel of " Charlotte
Temple" had the largest sale. In it she assures her readers that with
only an alteration in the names of the characters the whole storv ' ' is
almost literally true."

FAMILY OF MONTRESOR. 5
indebted for an excellent likeness in profile of General
Wolfe, taken " in his camp at Montmorenci, near
Quebec, September 1, 1759." * In 1760 and 1761 we
find him engaged in two scouts across Maine, carry
ing despatches for Brigadier-General Murray, and in
other services on the river St. Lawrence, and in sur
veying, etc. In 1763 he relieved Major Henry Glad
win and the garrison at Fort d'Etroit with provi
sions, when they were closely besieged by the Indian
chieftain, Pontiac. In 1764 Lieutenant Montresor
was ordered' to construct a series of redoubts at the
Portage of Niagara before the arrival of troops under
Major-General Bradstreet, on his way to make a treaty
of peace with the Indians. In 1765 he was engaged
in some negotiations at Albany for the removal of old
government buildings and the re-erection of others,
and was stationed at Fort George, in New York,
during the disturbances incident upon the operation in
that city of the obnoxious Stamp Act. He married
in New York, March 1, 1764, Frances, only child of
Thomas Tucker, Esquire, of Bermuda, a lieutenant
in the army (whose head was shot off by a cannon-
ball in an engagement in 1745). Frances Montresor
was born April 23, 1744, at New York, and survived
her husband, dying at Rose-hill, near Sittingbourne,
Kent, June 28, 1826.
From November, 1766, Lieutenant Montresor had
leave of absence for six months to proceed to Eng
land, and the winter of 1769-70 he passed in New
Providence, Bermuda. In 1770 he was engaged in
repairing Fort Castle William at Boston, and some
works at New York. In 1771 he planned and laid
out the fortification at Mud Island, in the Delaware
below Philadelphia. In 1772 and 1773 he was princi
pally employed in and around Boston and New York,
and in 1774 made an extensive tour to the posts on
the Northern Lakes and returned to Boston, where
*This was afterward mezzotinted and published, July 30, 1783, by B.
' Killingbeck, Dover Street, London. . _

6 FAMILY OF MONTRESOR.
he was actively engaged in his professional duties
until the evacuation of the town by the British, in
March, 1776. From Halifax he proceeded with the
army to New York, and from thence with Lord and
Sir William Howe up the Chesapeake and on to
Philadelphia, where he at once commenced on the
necessary fortifications for the security of the city, and
also the works for the reduction of Mud Fort, or Fort
Mercer. Lieutenant Montresor was the principal
engineer during the occupation of Boston and New
York by the British troops, with the exception of a
short interval, when he was superseded by Major
Dixon, on which occasion General Howe appointed
him on his staff as one of his aide-de-camps. On Ma
jor Dixon's return to England, Captain Montresor, (for
he had received promotion,) resumed his former posi
tion as engineer, and was, December 18, 1775,. made
by George III. " Chief Engineer of America." He was
present in May, 1776, and acted as one of the man
agers of the celebrated ball, called the " Mischianza,"
which was given by the British officers to Sir William
Howe in Philadelphia on the eve of his departure for
England. He had charge of the fireworks and ball
room decorations, and was accompanied on that occa
sion by Miss Auchmuty, one of the half-sisters of Mrs.
Montresor, whose mother had remarried the Rev.
Samuel Auchmuty, D.D., of New York, whose young
est son Samuel rose to great distinction in the British
army, whilst the two elder brothers became American
subjects. Captain Montresor returned to England in
1778 with his family, and shortly afterward retired
from the army. In 1779, at the request of General
Sir William Howe, he gave evidence before a Parlia
mentary Committee to investigate the conduct of the
war in America, when he fully described the fortifica
tions around Brooklyn and their strength. Captain
Montresor had purchased, November 7, 1772, an isl
and near Harlem and eight miles from New York
called Belle Isle, formerly Little Barn Island and

FAMILY OF MONTRESOR. 7
after Talbot's Island. Since his purchase it has
been known as Montrdsor's, and as Randell's Island.
He and his family lived on it during the British as
cendancy in New York, until all the buildings and
outhouses were burnt, January 13, 1777. Eight out
of the ten children of Captain and Mrs. Montresor
were born in New York. Three of these, sons, died
there, having been buried in " the Nickolls family
vault" in the city. The eldest surviving son, Sir
Henry Tucker,* rose to the rank of General, became,
in 1820, a K. C. B., and died in 1837. John, his next
brother, was a Lieutenant-Colonel under the Duke of
Wellington in India, and died unmarried at Penang
in 1805. Thomas Gage Montresor also became a
General and died in 1853. William Robert, also in
the army, died at Gibraltar, unmarried.
After his return to England, Captain Montresor ob
tained the rank of Colonel. In October, 1785, he went
on the Continent with his family and remained over a
year, visiting France, Germany, and Switzerland. In
June, 1786, he is at Berne, Switzerland, and writes
from that place to his old friend and comrade, General
Sir Frederick Haldimand, excusing himself for having
missed seeing him at his home at Yverdun and says
further : " My two eldest sons remain on this Continent
one year after us to finish their military exercises and
studies, and to attend the Prussian reviews. Their
residence for the next winter will be chiefly at Vienna."
Colonel John Montresor resided at Belmont, Kent, and
Portland Place, London, where his death occurred
June 26, 1799. Colonel James Gabriel, his father,
* This distinguished officer (the father of Colonel Henry Edward
Montresor, the present head of the family,) was born at New York April
18, 1767, and died March io, 1837. In 1795 he was Lieutenant-Colonel
in the Eighteenth Foot, in 1796 removed to the Royal Anglo-Corsican
Corps and actively employed in Corsica. He embarked for Elba, of
which island he was made Commandant. He landed in Egypt in 1801,
and was present at all the memorable actions and received a gold medal
for the capture of Alexandria. In Italy, in 1814, he successfully op
posed General Murat's motions. He was a thorough disciplinarian and
enjoyed a high reputation for courage and skill.

8 FAMILY OF MONTRESOR.
was on intimate terms with Copley, the artist, who
painted the portraits of his son John and his wife, their
daughters Frances and Mary Lucy, who married, in
1801, Lieutenant-General Frederick Wm. Mulcaster,
and of Lieutenant-Colonel John Montrdsor, who died
in India in 1805. The portraits of Colonel John and
Mrs. Montresor are especially noteworthy as fine ex
amples of Copley's best manner. Mrs. Montresor's
portrait is a three-quarters length in profile, with black
hat and feathers, and a scarlet coat with military cut
and trimmings.
During Colonel Montresor's service in America he
kept journals and made notes of the different expedi
tions in which he was engaged. Some of these have
been lost, notably the record of the Braddock defeat.
Indeed, considering the risks to which his papers,
during his wide and extended service in America, had
been exposed, it is surprising that any of them should
have been preserved. Many of his maps, plans of for
tifications, etc., were destroyed in the fire in New York
in September, 1776 ; others were lost when the express
and despatch schooner, the Alert, was captured by
the Americans. And again he laments both the death
of " my very valuable friend and ever-to-be lamented
Harry Monckton," * who "fell in the action [Mon
mouth], and what adds to the misfortune — no tidings
of my papers, both public and private." During his
residence in America he lost his baggage six times ;
his house and property on Montresor's Island, and
dwelling and store-houses on Cruger's Wharf were
destroyed by fire. In England he suffered in the same
way, for his country house at Belmont, Kent, was
burnt, and the house of his eldest son, in the same
county, many years after was also consumed, and some
of his journals bear marks of this fire about them,
having been snatched from a burning cupboard, in
which they were stored.
* Brother of General Monckton,

COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Chief Engineer in America,
1789.
Piiinl' i' U i.kriijwn.

II.

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.

1757-1759-

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.

I.
Journals and Note Books ok Col. James Montresor
Engineer in " America From the 20™ of April
to the 12™ of October 1757" and thus en
dorsed by John Montresor, " My father's
Journal Col Jas Montresor — J M "
N° i. £ s. d.
For Scaling Ladders, Mantelets and Chev- ] f-
aux de Frize  j 3
To 100 Intrenching wheelbarrows  118. 3. 0
For Sundry Stores for the Expedition. . . 396. 1. o
For Stores for Fort Edward  307. 5. 8
For ditto for Fort William Henry  55. 14. 4
Shingles for the works at Albany 81. o. o
Bricks for d°  558. o. o
For Freight of shingles & bricks 100. o. o
 739- °- °
^52- 5- 5
To money advanced by Mr Dies to the j
Carpenter & Sawyer and for those that >¦ 200
went to Fort Edward  )
Paid L' Williams for money advanced by I
him in carrying on the work at Albany, j ^239-_5- 9
Received a warrant for ^1000.
Bill for ^360 currency. . 360 — 1360.

12

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.

1757
April 20. To Mr Cartwright per bill drawn "J
on me per Engineer Gordon, !
on ace' of Paymts made at Fort
Edward, dated April 9. 1757.
20th To Mr Cartwright per bill in fa- ]
vour of Harvey Gordon, drawn
on me per L' Montresor. ...
20th Paid as above in the whole to
Mr Cartwright in the following
specie £ s.
7 Doubloons at 5.16 = ,£40.12.0
1 half Johannes 3. 3 — 3. 3.0
1 do moidore 1. 3 = 1. 3.0
2 coppers 0.2

28.11.

if

12. o. o

^44.18.2
April 2 1 . To widow Rutgers clerk for Beer.
" " To John Lansing for Freight of I
Iron for the works at Albany .
" 24. To Lewis Wright my servant
his wages for 6 months besides
some things owed to him .... )
" 26 To Mr Bayard's clerk per bill )
drawn by Mr Mendez on me for j
May 2n.d Recd from Mr Hawkins for 50^
sterl. in Dollars 214 Dollrs f.
amounting in currency to
485.14- 3f
Dr. Paid for House rent 75 dollars.
do for Sundry washing iodol- )
lars  j
May 4. To Mrs Demler for to buy Pro- \
visions in the Jersey 40 dollars )
" Dr To a Carpenter before Mr Mortier ]
for a voider and Knife boxes. . J

5- I- 3

2.10. o

9.12. o

200. o. o

30. o. o
4. o. o

16. o. o

1.0. o

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.

13

May 6. To the house 3 dollars 
" 4 (The Barber began with me).
" ' 7 For Handkerchief, Mustard, and I
Thread 3 dollars  j
" " To Harry, for his writing school )
2 dolls8  j
" 13. To the wages of the maid 3 doll3 .
" 16 To wood, 1 cord & carriage 4 doll8
" " To Mr Lamb for Parralels &c 
" 18. " Mr Lambs ace' for Instruments
made & Mended amounting in
currency to  ,£49.13. o
To Mr Noel for Sta- {
tionary &c  j
To Mr Gould for Im- j
perial Paper . . . . ) ^
per Receipts  £60. 7. o
Paid of Mr Williams ace'
John Vaness Wag- j
goner at Fort >• 27. 19. io£
Wm Henry . . . . )
Forrage Stopt  3. 4. i\
John Hemstreat  8. 5. o

10. o. o

o

1. 4. o
1. 4. o
16. o
1. 4. o
1. 8. o
2. 8. o

39. 9. o

May 21st For towelling

22

21

Paid Mr Demler on ace1 of his )
pay per Receipt  . \
Recd from Cap' MacNeill being \
the ballance of £102 recd for \
the works at the German flats )
21s' Recd a warrant from Lord Lou
doun for 219^ 3s 4d N. York

currency for disbursements
made by Major Eyre in work
done by the 44* & 28th Reg18
and paid in to Major Eyre . . .

2.16. 8

12. o. o

88. 9. 6

r 2I9- 3- 4

14

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.

34- 6. 6

24

th

May 22nd Signed 2 Receipts & Endorsed
the Warrant for the said sum .
" 23d pd Ensign Webb of the 48th Reg^
for work done at Saratoga per
vouchers for the same 
Recd from Mr Hawkins the Bal
lance of my pay Forrage, Bag
gage, Firing & Instruments \- 405. 5. o
and Stationary Paid him ioo£
I owed him  _,
25th Wrote to the Board.
24th Paid Myers the Braziers bill for [
Sundrys  J
25th Paid Mr Furnis for what Mr8 j

3. 11. 10

Montresor took from Mr Bev- c
erley Robinson on Note  j
25. Paid for chocolate 25 w' 
26. Paid Mr Willyams for Bisket &c )
&c  j"
27. To Serf Lord per certificate iox~\
him & others for work done ¦'
at Fort Wm Henry n£ 15 in
Currcy 
27. To Nathan Symonds for him &'
others for work done at Fort
Wm Henry £3.7.0 Sterl8 am'8
in currcy 
27. To Mr Van Horn's clerk for Mr ']
Toye for Bricks made at Fort \
Edward  j
27. To the Butcher per receipt 
27. To Mr Clarkson for Callico for )
lining my Tent  j
28. To Mr Gilchrist Taylor for Sun- )
drys bought & made  j"
28. To the Armourers 
28 To the Shoemaker 
28. To Teacups and Saucers 

50. o. o
1. 13. 4
4. o. o
18.16. o

5- 7- 2
16.16. o
8. 4. 6
7. 4. o
14. 8. o
.13. o
2.10. o
1. 4. o

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 1 5
May 30. To paid Mr Clements for Screens ] „
& work done  J" Z-L5- »
" 30. To the Brewer  .16. o
" 30. To the drawing Master  2. o. o
" 30. To Mr Mortier for Mr Larouxthe )
silver smith his bill  [ I3-I»- 9
" 31. To Mr Mortier for sheeting.. . . 3.19. 4
" 31. For Jack Montresor to a Carpen- )
ter for a Table  j -l8- °
" 31. To Levi for Candles & sundrys. 6. 6. o
June Ist To Gilbert Ash Carpenter for ]
Sundry Jobs to my things. . . . j 4- 2.10
" 2nd Gave 2 half Johannes to Mr5 )
Montresor & left her Four y 166. 6. o
hundred dollars  )
" 2nd Paid Mr Demler for Powder & j
Shott that he Bought  j -11' °
" 2nd To Ebert my servant to pay for
a matrass 3.3.0 and took the 2. o. o
above Serv' June Ist at the rate
of £30 Currency per Annum,
nothing else mentioned except
giving him cloaths if he de
served them.
" 2nd Set out from New York at 10 o'clock in the
morning & went over to Hobock where we dined. A
violent gust of wind at 4 o'clock in the afternoon at
N E, notwithstanding went on board at 6 o'clock,
weighed anchor & got as far as within 3 miles of the
Younkers & anchored.
Friday 3d Weighed at 10 o'clock in the morning
& got near Ver Plancks to the N E of the Tapan Sea
by 2 o'clock. Anchored near the Dans Camber.
Saturday 4. Weighed with the Tide & anchord near
Kinderhook. Sunday 5* Breakfasted at Kinderhook. Calm, went
on board at 1 1 o'clock in the morning, and anchored
within four miles of Albany there not being water
enough on the Overslaw.

1 6 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
6'.h Came to Albany between 8 and 9 o'clock in the
morning. Waited on Gen1 Webb and dined with
him. 7"1 Gen1 Webb sent to me to dine with him, which I
did. Orders from him to prepare what is necessary
for the defence of the Forts &?
8th Dined at home.
9th Dined with Gen1 Webb & received orders to send
Mr Demler, Saturday morning with Stores to Fort
Edward and Fort Wm Henry. Wrote to Mrs Mon
tresor by the Post.
June 10, 1757. Wrote to Mrs Montresor & sent
the valise with bedding back by Hogan.
11th Dined with Gen1 Webb. Mrs Demler set out
for the Forts.
12th Dined with Gen1 Webb by invitation and
supped. 13th Dined at home. Recd 2 letters from Mrs
Montresor & Mortier.
14th Dined at home. Wrote Mr Mortier & Mrs
Montresor but missed the Post.
15th Sent the above letters by a Sloop. Dined at
Gen1 Webb's.
1 6th Dined at the coffee House. Wrote to Mrs
Montresor by the Post in answer to hers.
1 7th Went to the Cohoes by the River side from
thence to the Ferry. Surveyed it and came home by
the New Road to Albany.
1 8th Dined at home. Went by Message from the
Mayor to the Council room about the Work to be
done to the Town, they agreed that they would dig
the Trench for the Ditch to put in the Stockades and
when that was finished they would move as far as lay
in their power. Agreed, that, we should square and
point the Stockades. Acquainted General Webb of
this in the Pasture.
19th Dined at General Webb's.
Monday 20th Mr & Mrs Mortier, Montresor and
Miss Betsy came from New York here & landed about

; No. I Page 17

f*<SH«fc

J-r^C-ixa 4-.-0... « ^J?-i» cm-A "V»'K' et-»-ctA4^Mvg 1ri)

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 1 7
io o'clock, having dined at Hobok only the Saturday
before. Dined at the Coffee house & Supped.
Tuesday — 21" Went to Camp. Gave an order for
Mantelets, ladders, Chevaux de Frize, Sand bags,
Hammers &c for the Forts Wm Henry & Ed.
22nd Recd from Mr Turner on account of a War
rant for iooO;£ sterling viz'
27 Bills of .£10. o. o  270. o. o
62 do of 5. o. o  310. o. o
2 do of 4. o. o  8. o. o
357 half Johannes at £3. 3. o . . 1 124. 11. o
4 dollars at  8. 1.12. o
Silver  2. 8

1714. 5. 8
June. ii™& Wednesday. Paid Mr Dies on ace' of
the works at Albany in New York bills. . . £270. o. o
Thursday 23rd Left Albany at 8 o'clock in the
morning with Gen1 Webb, Major Morris, Capt. Bart-
man, Mess" Adair, Pitcher &c, Furnis. Arrived at
the half Moon at 12 & baited there & dined. Set out
again at 3 arrived at Still water at half past 7. Visited
the ground for the post both at Half Moon & Still
water. At the former it must be on a rising ground
to the North of the House where we dined and the
store house on the Point, raised 3 feet on Posts for
fear of an Innundation, at the latter the Post to be on
the Burying ground.
Friday 24th Set out at 7 o'clock in the morning &
arrived at Saratoga at 12. Dined there, examined a
French Prisoner & visited a Post, and found that the
storehouse must be built on the Point, raised 3 or 4
feet from the Ground. Set out at 3 and arrived at
^past seven. At Fort Edward lay on Mr Demler's
Bedding in his room.
Saturday 25* Dined at Best. Visited the Encamp
ment & Surveyed for a line. Supped with the Gen
eral. Lay at Mr Gordons.

1 8 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Sunday 26. Dined with the General. Went out &
visited the Ground for a line.
Monday 27th Surveyed & set out the Line.
Tuesday 28. Began the line with 100 men, and
fascined up to the height of the Banquettes at the
East Curtine. Sent 100 men in the woods to cut
Fascines. Wednesday 29th Continued the work and almost
finished the Ditch of the East Curtine.
Thursday 30th Brought up part of the S E Flank
with 2 Embrasures and continued the Ditch.
July. Friday i5.' Paid Mr Gordon 700 £ Currency
in 222 half Johannes and 14 shillings for^j ,
the works at Fort Edward as per the Re- £ s d
ceipt. At between 1 & 2 o'clock in the V 700. o. o
afternoon an Express came from Captain
Putnam that he lay in ambush at South Bay^
& that as 2 or 300 French Indians were coming in
boats he waited for them & gave them a fire which
wounded & killed several, that they landed in order
to surround him & that he gave another fire & was
retreating on which the General ordered a Party of
300 Men Commanded by Gen1 Lyman with Ensign
Brown & 36 Regulars of Otways. Cap' Putnam came
back with his Party at 7 o'clock at night having left 15
men to take care of three wounded men.
July 2nd Saturday 1757. Marked out Ground
for two Pickets to the Right and left of the Camp of
100 men each.
Sunday — 3rd Worked only £ of a day for the Rain.
Dined at the General's. Four deserters (Germans)
came in from Carillon. Examined them all four, and
found that the substance of their Information was, that
Marquis Montcalm was still at Montreal with one
Batallion of Languedoc about 150 Marines & the
sick not fit for service. That he was expected at Ca
rillon w,h that Batallion 500 Indians & as many Cana
dians as he can muster, with the Batallion of La Saare
at S' Johns, and the two of Beare & Rousillon at Ca-

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 1 9
rillon, with the Cannon & Mortars there, to attack
our Forts. But hearing that we had a Fleet of 80
vessels in the River S' Lawrence which stops the
communication, he had not marched so soon as was
thought. That they were repairing all their Forts &
facing up with stone that at Carillon, that they had 40
Cannon at Crown Point & that number mounted in &
out of Carillon. I drew a rough sketch of the infor
mation given.
Monday 4th_ General Lyman came in but saw no
Enemy, found one of the remains of the people that
was scalped & mangled of Putnam's Party. Their
Guides could not find the place but carried them to
East bay. Paid Mr Best for myself and ser- } £ s d
vants messing with him this day included. ... j 3. 6. 10
Recd a letter from Mrs Montresor and Mr Dies.
Tuesday 5th Recd a letter from Mr Dies. Wrote to
Mrs Montresor by the Post. Rained all day.
Wednesday 6th Report of a French officer having
introduced himself between 9 & 10 o'clock at Night
in the front of the Camp & entered into conversation
with a Rhode Island soldier who had been at the
necessary about the strength of the Line & whether
the Cannon was mounted there & how many in the
Fort & told the soldier if he would come from the
Centrys into the woods he would give him money.
He threatened him & the lad said he would cry out
and made his escape, he was drest in blue trim'd up
with white & had a sword.
Thursday July 7th 1757. Set out part of the line
next to the Right of the Camp. Paid Keech for the
York carpenters in part of their pay 39 half Johannes
£122.17.0 as per their receipts  £121.10. o
Paid Hebert in part of his wages, one half
Johannes  3. 3. o
Paid for milk and bread this day included . 5. 6
Friday. 8th. Coll° Young came here at 8 o'clock in
the evening. Received a letter from Mrs. Montresor
and Mendez.

20 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Saturday 9th Mr Pitcher set out this morning for
Albany with two letters of mine for Mrs Montresor
and Mr Dies. Gave an order to Mr Dies for paying
John Felthousen carpenter at F* Edward his pay with
16 days going up & down being his full demand,
amounting in New York Currency to  .£14.14. o
The Stores with a letter from Albany from Mr Dies,
came in late.
Sunday io'!1 The Mohawk Indians brought in a
French Prisoner taken at Crown Point. Brought ace'
that Monsr moncalm was coming & that they had 6
Battalions in all with 300 vessells & all the Cannon
taken at Ohio and Oswego. Sent a letter for Mr Dies
with one enclosed for Mrs Montresor.
Monday 11th Express came from Fort Wm Henry
that the Party that was sent from F' Edward to South
Bay had been attacked by 200 of the Ennemy, and had
been forced into Fort Wm Henry with the loss of sev
eral of the Party with one Lieu' killed. Dined and
supped with General Webb.
Tuesday 12th Recd letters from Mrs Montresor &
Mr Dies w'h news about our Fleet. Wrote to Mr Bar
ons & inclosed one to mrs montresor. Paid Hebert
2 dollars to clear accounts for this day included & owes
me 4 shillings, 6 pence. Paid Best for myself )
Servant and Extraordinarys this day included j 2-1^"
Wednesday 13th Cap' Putnam with a Scouting party
of 100 men went out this morning and sent about 8
o'clock a man in to acquaint the General that his Party
had seen about 25 of the Ennemy in a Swamp about 4
miles off, but he came in soon afterwards himself with
an account that they had escaped.
Thursday 14. July 1757. Paid Jacob'
Long N Y carpenter discharged being
sick his full wages amounting to £19.10.
Due on that to Mr Dies  £2.16. Cash r "•' I- °
paid him at F! Edward £5 =: £7.16. Re
mains due and paid him 
Dined at General Webbs.

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 2 1
Friday 15th Gave a Plan with Profile of a Float to
Captain Ingersoll to be erected for the Lake. Recd
letters from Mrs Montresor, Mortier, with one en
closed to him from Mr Dies also the newspapers.
Saturday 16^ Answered Mrs Montresors letter
and wrote to Mr Dies but not on his last letter for
want of time. Mr Demler dined with me at the
mess. Sunday 17. L' Oughterlony dined with me at the
mess. Monday 18. Dined with Cap' Littler in his camp.
Tuesday 19th Recd a letter from my wife and one in
closed from Mrs Hunter to her. Wrote to Mrs Mon
tresor also to Mr Dies with a warrant inclosed for
,£1000 for carrying on the Works at Albany (Re
ceived this day from Major Gen1 Webb also, the out
line of the stockade at Albany sent to be executed by,
per post. Dined at General Webbs.
Wednesday 20th Visited the Hill to the North of the
Fort to the East of the Road of Fort Wm Henry &
found it about 50 feet high from the Plain, about 30 or
40 feet higher than the Fort & 1 700 feet from the an
gle of the line of the Retrenchment.
Thursday 21s.' Deserter from the Americans Exe
cuted this morning at 8 o'clock. About 9 a Ranger
came in from his party consisting of a Lieu' and 40
men, that was sent on a scout towards South Bay,
where the Ennemy lay in ambush for them, killed
the Lieu' & 3 men. Some time afterwards the Ser
jeant & 27 men, who ran away, came in. The rest
missing still. Came home except the Lieu'. An ac
count from Fort Wm Henry that 2 of Cap' McGinnis
party were brought in wounded, by a serjeant. That
he had killed four of the Ennemy, and was out still on
the scout.
Friday. 2 2d Dined at Gen1 Webb's. Received let
ters from Mrs Montresor, Messrs Baron & Dies with
several inclosed from England which came by the
Packet from Falmouth.

2 2 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Saturday July 23d. 1757. Wrote to Mrs Montresor
& inclosed the letters she sent me from Mr Bodding-
ton & Lucy, also wrote again to my wife & to Mess"
Barons & Dies with an ace' of a body of French In
dians mostly Otawas by the arrows that were found,
that attacked our carpenters and their covering party,
consisting of 80 in the woods not half a mile from the
Fort at 9 o'clock this morning just as our troop beat
for Guard mounting. At the first Firing the Provin
cials &c ran without any order in the woods like a mob
to their assistance, but believe that they did the ad
vance party mischief by firing before they had come
up to them. The Piquet also advanced & Gen1 Ly
man with another body went also. The Ennemy re
treated after having killed & scalped one Serj', 1 Cor
poral & 10 men & wounded a few others. Cap'
Putnam wilh his Rangers went in Pursuit of them, &
came in the next day, having discovered an Encamp
ment of about 5 or 600 men near Fort Ann.
Sunday 24. Wrote to Mr Dies & sent a certificate
& order for paying £23.12.6 to Henry Gullian Senr
New York, carpenter discharged & signed & re
ceipted. Paid Michel Tannare & Wharton Rutless
5,£ each on ace' of their work at Fort Edward. New
York Carpenters  £10.0. o
This day began to receive orders from the Artillery.
Dined at General Webbs. At 10 o'clock at night came
an ace' that Coll° Parker with his Party that had gone
out from F' Wm to Ticonderoga & whether the En
nemy had way laid him or been advised of his com
ing but a party of the Ennemy at his landing attacked
him both on the Lake and by land that he has lost
several officers and 250 out of 300 he took out and 24
whaleboats. Monday 25th Set out from F' Edward at 6 o'clock
in the morning & arrived at Fort Wm Henry between
3 & 4 o'clock in the afternoon. Stop't at the Half
Way Run, agreed on a post there on the South Side
of the Run on the East of the Road about 50 yards.

No.2 Page 23
,t/" A^t^^A^*^*^

\*r

Co1. Joi.nr* ^Mu»-»*tr"tf <?"¦*"*

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 23
Lay at Mr Williamson's Quarters. Supped with the
General. Tuesday 26th Visited with Coll° Young, Johnson's
Camp, & seemed to come to a resolution to form a
Camp on it, rentrenched.
[journal (25th July to Aug' 6. 1757) of Col. James
Montresor, on a loose sheet of paper found among
his papers.]
That the 25th of July set out for Fort Wm Henry
with the General.
26th Visited the Governor where Sir Wm Johnson
was in 1755 to form a camp on, and Intrenchment.
27* On a council of War, Came to several Resolu
tions, in respect to the defence of this place, and traced
out the Ground for the new camp, had an ace' of the
Ennemy being seen in small bodies on the West
side of the Lake.
28'!1 Set out the Intrenchments & order'd it to be
executed according to the Plan given by me.
29th Set out from the sd Fort with the Gen1 & came
to Fort Edward, (note The camp on which the Troop
ers were encamped on, being under a hill near the
woods & liable to be cut off from the Fort.
August 2nd A detachment of 1000 men with artillery,
was sent from thence to reinforce Fort Wm Henry &
throw themselves in the Intrenchment. The same
night they arrived. Part of the ennemy landed at
about i£ miles from the Fort & that same night in
vested the Place with their Canadians & Indians &
lined both sides of the road from Fort Edward with
them. August 3rd Above 300 boats were seen on the Lake
by 5 o'clock in the morning, with their Cannon &c those
that carried them were Planked on two boats from
which they fir'd on the Fort but at too great a dis
tance — their Indians fired all day on the Intrenchment
and Fort.

24 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
August 4^ Began to work on the Is? Battery and
continued all night. The Indians keeping a continual
fire from behind logs.
August 5* The Ennemy continued their work in
finishing their Battery, during which time the mus-
quettry kept a continual fire.
August 6'!1 Early in the morning the Ennemy opened
their Battery of ten guns and play'd very briskly till
io o'clock.
Wednesday 27. July. 1757. Sat on a Sort of Coun
cil of War — Ist To know whether there was vessels
sufficient to oppose the French on the water. 2nd
What number of" men was sufficient to defend the Fort
and oppose the Ennemy in case of a Descent. 3rd
Whether a Camp on Fort Wm Henry, Johnson's
Ground and the West Ground, or one Camp alone on
the retrench'd of Johnson's.
Answer to Question 1. not sufficiency of vessells.
do do 2. two thousand men.
do do 3. One camp alone.
Wrote 3 letters, one to Mrs Montresor & Mess"
Demler & Dies. Visited the above Ground & shewed
it to Mr Lesly for Encamping the troops w0"1 are to be
taken from the West Ground.
Thursday 28'!1 The Troops encamped on the West
Ground marched this morning on their East Ground
next Johnson's Camp. Visited the Fort with Coll0
Young & ordered that the store house should be taken
down & the Communication stopt with the embrasure
made up for musquetry. The Place of Arms to be
stockaded properly. The top of the Magazine to be
pared off, & sand put over it, also the funnells or air
holes stop' with sand & bags. The Banquetts made
up & several Embrasures to be made for Musquetry.
The advance work to be taken down & the Earth
sloped down. The East Bastion raised one Log,
agreed also for proper Signals between this Fort and
Fort Edward.

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 25
Friday 29* Set out from Fort Wm Henry at 12
o'clock with Gen1 Webb &c, arrived at the Half way at
3. Met the Carpenter going up, that I had wrote for,
to carry on the work there. Arrived at Fort Edward
at 7 o'clock. No Extraordinays, found letter from
Messrs Turner & Dies and one from Mrs Montresor
with the papers.
Saturday 30th Signed 3 receipts for £1000 for the
above sum per Warrant of Gen1 Webb's & sent them
to Mr Turner having wrote to him, & enclosed them,
also wrote to Mr5 Montresor & Mr Dies & sent him
the key of my Secretaire for my Spy Glass.
Sunday 31s.' July 1757. Dined with Cap1''
Gates. Paid Hebert his ace' of milk &c
laid out & also for 19 days Board wages at j- 1. 3. 6
one shilling per day, including this day, & j
had one shilling over to ace' for  J
Paid to Mr Demler for Matt Mosel, over- ]
seer of ye Fascines for 31 days at 1 shilling > 1.18. 9
3 pence per day  \
Monday August i8.' Paid Mr Mason as ]
Overseer of the lines, 29 days pay at 3 shil- >¦ 7. 5. o
lings per day  )
Paid Mr Geo. Demler on ace' of his pay, )
as per receipt  J 7. 10. 3
Received a letter from Mrs Montresor and Mr Dies.
Tuesday 2nd Wrote to the Board the letter dated
29th July with monthly return for July inclosed to my
wife to send to England, also wrote to Mrs Montresor
& to Mess" Hawkins & Dick. Coll° Young with his
detachment of 1000 men & some artillery marched up
to Fort William Henry, in the morning.
Wednesday 3rd We were alarmed before 5 o'clock
in the morning with the report of Cannon from Fort
Wm Henry two or three shot sometimes within a
minute or two of one another and sometimes above a
quarter of an hour & more till 10 o'clk The firing in
creased in the afternoon till 6 o'clock. Two of the
Rangers brought in a French Deserter who declared

6 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
that the French were come down in 300 boats & a
numerous Artillery with 4:00 men, 4500 Indians, 4000
Canadians & 3500 regulars & that they had invested
Fort Wm Henry and debarking their Cannon on the
West side about half a league from the Fort. Also
two men that made their escape from a reconnoitering
whale boat, that one of them saw a great Encampment
about 6 miles from the Fort, but were pursued and run
the boat ashore. They declare that they saw Otways
retreat into the Fort, heard no firing or very little after
6 o'clock. Dined with the General.
Thursday 4'!1 No firing all night, a few Guns in the
morning. The firing increased again & kept on till
12 & then decreased. Ordered 2 Barbettes Batterys
made on the Salliant angles of the Bastions of the
lines, a Traverse in the sortie to put the two Guns.
The Stockade to be continued on the left of the In-
campment next the River & carried to the Salliant
angle of the N West Bastion. Saw a letter to the.
Gen1 from Coll0 Monro acquainting him that he was
attacked suddenly by a great Body of French and In
dians and that the French General sent to him to sum
mons the Fort, but he answered he would defend it to
the last. No firing this afternoon. Dined at the
Generals. Friday 5th Cannon firing from Fort Wm Henry, be
gan early but distant from one another, 'tis imagined
by that, that the Ennemy has not yet established their
Batterys. Great firing in the afternoon but ceased at
night. Dined with the General. Paid Mr Gordon for
the works  .£126. o. o
Saturday 6* Very great firing from 5 o'clock in the
morning until 8. 'Tis supposed the French had erected
their Batterys in the night, at 8 o'clock the fire stopt
at once except a few guns now and then. Paid the
Baker for Bread to this day  -.  o. 8. o
Sir W,n Johnson with some Indians & Militia on
horseback came in about 9 o'clock. Paid Mr Gordon
for the works  63. o. o

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 27
Lord Howe came in here at 9 o'clock at night from
Boston. The Militia that came in from Albany,
Schenectady &c computed at 1500. ... 20 half Johan-
nes=63£. 62 Bills of 5£ each=3io/£. 2 ditto of
4,£ each=:8,£  =381. o. o
Sunday 7* Paid Hebert his wages to the ]
31st of July & 7 days board wages. Very \ 2. 3. o
little firing this day at F' Wm Henry  j
Monday 8'.h Recd 2 letters from Mrs Montresor &
answered them, also one to Mr Barons. Hibert my
servant went this day for Albany. Went with the
General and Lord Howe to visit the high ground to
the North of the Fort & marked the Trees for an Ab-
batis or Retrenchement to post the troops in, in Case
of an attack, and traced on the 2nd high Ground to the
Swamp left & right & brought round the front & on
the right down to the River taking in the Spring.
Visited the Ground for the encamping the Militia on
the West side of the River & found it advantageous
except the Hill that raises above it on one side. Vis
ited also with the Gen1 & Lord Howe the ground on
the East side of the river & found it well situated to
build on it being not commanded by anything.
Tuesday August 9* 1757. Very little or no firing
since 6 o'clock in the morning, was order'd to place
the militia on the hill to the North of the Fort which
I did on the high ground. A Demurs amongst those
that was encamped there for want of water & work
that was to be done. An Express came about 1 2
o'clock & met Lord Howe and the Aid de Camp &
went back with them again. But found that the Mili
tia instead of working or doing anything to cover
themselves, sat directly to making Bowers &c, shortly
found they were order'd back. Visited the hill on the
West side for a total Incampment & by order went to
Sir Wm Johnson to shew him the Ground which I did,
after brought him over to eat with me at the Mess
houses, 4 o'clock in the afternoon. The militia en
camped all on the west side of the River, and about

28 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
8 o'clock in the Evening, a man made his escape from
the Fort Wm Henry, after it was taken & says that
they capitulated about 7 o'clock in the morning.
Wednesday io'!1 This morning early 2 French offi
cers deserted from their Camp & Came into the Line
& carried to the Generals, between 10 & 11 in the
morning. Part of our people that were in the In
trenchment at Fort Wm Henry came running into the
Camp Extreamly confused at the Indians behaviour
after the Capitulation, murdering every one that they
could lay their hands upon, tearing the cloaths off their
backs, and not prevented by the French, who were
lookers on. A Detachm' of 500 men, commanded
by Major Prevost was sent out in order to meet the
Prisoners who were sent with a Detachment of French
Regulars to protect them from the Indians. Ensign
Portis, Captain Cunningham & L' Collins were of the
first officers that came in Except those that brought
the Colours. In the evening came in Mr Furnes's man
& said that he had left his Master in the rear and had
pulled off his boots, but did not see him afterwards.
Thursday 11th Paid to Mr John Dies on ace' of de
fraying the work at Fort Edward New York £
Currency  300. o. o
About 12 o'clock, noon, saw a large smoke which bore
from Fort Edward N 8° Degrees West supposed to be
Fort William Henry. Deserters came in this morn
ing with an Ace' that the French were to put fire to the
Fort & that the Indians were going off displeased.
Friday 12th Coll0 Fry of the Massachusets came in
thru the woods last night from the other Fort & Cap'
McLeod. Gave an order to Mr Dies for paying 51^
currency to the expenses of building the Small Pox
hospital, but to be repaid again, from the Contin-
gencys of the Army. Paid this per Order of General
Webb, signed G Bartman.
Saturday 1 3* Aaron Devoe Carpenter Came in last
night from Fort Wm Henry, his certificate from Mr Gor
don is for 56 days at 7 shillings per day, 1 7 days sick

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 29
and he worked at Fort Wm Henry 16 days — bis whole
pay amounts to  ,£28.3.6
Kecd from me ^5. from Mr Dies 5^ = 10.0.0. .£18.3. 6
The scouts this morning came in with an ace' of the
woods being full of French and Indians. A French I
deserter, an Italian Came from the Lake at 2 o'clock '
in 4 hours time & said that the French were pulling
down the Fort, that most of their Indians were gone
off and they had embarked their cannon.
Sunday 14* A Reg1 of militia march'd back this
morning in spite of the Centrys. Deserters from the
Fort informs that they have demolished the Fort &
cutting down trees to the west of the Lake. In the
evening a party of the French consisting of 30 men
with 2 officers, the one named Marin who commands
some Indians, and a Lieu' of La Sarre Savornin,
brought Mr Hamilton with a letter from Monsieur
Montcalm to Lord Loudoun & Gen1 Webb informing
them that he had granted a Capitulation honourable
for the defence of Fort Wm Henry & was sorry that it
was not performed in all respects, having exposed
himself to remedy the disorders, that he saw the In
dians Committed, that he had ordered a Detachment
of 2 Companies of Granadiers & 200 Volunteers to
escort the Prisoners to morrow to Fort Edward- and
that Coll° Young chose to come and Cap' Fesh was
left in his stead.
Monday 1 5th A party of 2 Companies of Granadiers
& 200 Volunteers Commanded by Sub Lieu' de la
Corne escorted our Prisoners from Fort Wm Henry.
The like party was sent to meet them at the half way
run, to receive them & brought them in about 3 o'clock,
afternoon all the officers came in that was wanting
except Cap' Ormsby wounded & Cap' Fesch kept an
hostage. Tuesday 16* At 11 o'clock in the morning the sev
eral officers & men that Came yesterday from the Fort
Set out for Albany except Coll0 Morris, Young, with
the wounded & Sick. A Gen1 Court martial on a

30 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Lieu' of the Massachusets for exciting desertion.
Received orders to go to Saratoga to set out that
Post. A man came in from Fort Wm Henry who was
a servant to a Cap' of Granadiers of the Reg' of
Guienne & taken at Oswego, who says that he saw
the last of the French embark to go up the Lake.
Wednesday 17* Recd orders to send the State of
Saratoga, what is necessary to be done therefor to
lodge a post for a Garrison of one Cap', 4 Subalterns
& 2 men & when that is proceeding on, to do the
same at Stillwater. Dined at the Generals.
Thursday 18th Lord Howe with Mess" Ord, Gor
don, Harrison, and myself, settled the number of Guns,
mortars &c for the defence of Fort Edward. Dined
with the General. Gave a receipt for the under
mentioned stores for Saratoga. Felling axes, Spades
Shovels &c &c &c.
Friday 19th Set out for Saratoga, at past 8 — arrived
at one o'clock. Mess" Wraxall, Dember, and Inger-
soll sat out for Still Water directly. Paid on ace' to
Cap' Ingersoll 4 Dollars — amounting to. .. .£1.12. o
Wrote to Mr Dies by Mr Hill about the money.
Wrote 2 letters to Mrs Montresor & one to the Board
being an ace' of the Surrender of Fort Wm Henry.
Brought 3 carpenters, Rob' Dickson, Henry Gilliams
& Bart Taws & begin this day on the work at Sara
toga. Saturday 20th Set the Carpenter to work on Plumb
Rule leveld 10 foot rod.
Sunday 21s.' Wrote to Gen1 Webb. Visited the
Sawmill & found it all tore to pieces, the trough &
wheels all destroyed to make fire by the Provincials
under Coll0 Fry & finished by the Militia Coming up
to Fort Edward. A party of 24 men went to fetch the
Slabs which covered the militias Camp.
Monday 2 2d Measured & Surveyed part of the
Ground of the old Block house Set the Carpenter at
work & Party to bring the Saws from the Mill and
Some loose pieces of Timber.

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 3 1
Tuesday 23rd Wrote to Mrs Montresor & Cap'
Bartman about the work house, also to Mr Dies his
letters, the one enclosing Mr Gordons about Stores,
the other the Warrant for iooo£ Sterling received for
the works of Albany and sent to Mr Dies to receive.
Wednesday 24th Sent the Party & Carpenter to look
for timber & brought fourteen logs in a Raft.
Thursday 2 5'!1 Sent the Party & 2 Carpenters to
get timber — they cut 18, but Could not bring 11 for
want of Teams. Received a letter from Mr Dies, not
having then received the Warrant.
Friday 26th. Wrote to Mr Gordon about Surveyors
&c. Received a letter from Mr Dies with three Re
ceipts to be signed from Mr Turner for the 1000^
warrant. Cumly & 4 Sawyers came from Fort Ed
ward to work here at night.
Saturday 27th. Received a letter from Cap' Bart
man. Wrote letters to Mr5 Montresor, Mess" Barons
& Dies with the three Receipts for Mr Turner. In the
afternoon Recd a letter from Jack & my wife with the
newspapers. August 28* Sunday. Wrote a letter to Cap' Bart
man. No men at work to day Except the 3 carpen
ters. Lent Cap' Fletcher a 40^ bill & 2s in silver,
there was not a man to be had for work.
Monday 29'!" Recd a letter from Mr Gordon with a
Saw & Chalk line also from Mrs Montresor with one
enclosed from Harry another from Lieu' Comberford.
Wrote to Mr Gordon & Dies. The sawyers came
back from Fort Edward, with the Files. Traced part
of the Fort, and took a Profile through it. Cap'
Fletcher recd a letter from Cap' Bartman to keep the 50
men that used to go for a Party to Fort Edward, to be
employed on the works here. Also to make Cover
for the Provisions as they Come and to make Still
Water and Ferry proper posts.
Tuesday 30th Sent out a Party of 30 men, 20 to
cover in the Woods with 3 Carpenters to cut Timber,
the Sawyer began this day to saw. 20 men for Stone,

32 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
6 in the foundations, 2 Teams at Work. Wrote to
my wife Floated down 6 logs & had cut down about
20 Trees.
Wednesday 318.' Sent for Timber and Boards down
the river. Bricks brought from Fort Edward.
September i8t 1757. Thursday. Recd a letter from
Cap' Bartman to be one with Coll0 Glazier & Cap'
Fletcher to survey the Provisions, & answered it by
Lieu1 Bell. Party went to the woods for timber &
Boards & pulling down the old Fort.
Friday 2nd. The Post came in this morning at 5 &
brought me letters from Mess" Dies, Gordon & Mrs
Montresor with newspapers & answered them the
same day, those to my wife & Dies.
Saturday 3rd. Survey'd with Coll0 Glazier & Cap'
Fletcher the Flour here, by order & found the whole
bad except a few Casks. Began to lay the first Posts
for the Cover of the Provisions.
Sunday 4th. Signed the report of the above Survey.
Monday 5th. Recd by the Post a letter from my wife
& also one from Williams Engineer, acquainted me
of Dugald Campbell's death. Continued raising the
Cover of Provisions & all the Works &c &c.
Tuesday 6'!1 Wrote to my wife. The Party from
Fort Edward Came in to relieve with Cap' Bellew.
Covered the shed as far as the Nails would Serve.
The Post did not come from Fort Edward till late at
night. Wednesday 7th. Sent my letters by the Post this
morning early to my wife & Mr Dies. Paid L' Crary
for himself & Serj' Underwood with the several that
have signed for wading & floating the timber £3.6.9
The Party went at 10 o'clock, to return to Fort Ed
ward, wrote Mr Gordon.
Thursday 8th. The Carpenters & Bricklayers sent
up from Albany per Mr Dies arrived here about 1
o'clock with the Stores for Fort Edward & this place
sent also by him. recd 2 letters by him & wrote an
answer.

JOURNALS -OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 33
Friday 9th. Recd a letter from Mrs Montresor with
the newspaper. Wrote to Captain Bartman.
Saturday io'h. Wrote to my wife. A deserter went
off, when Centry & took Cap' Bellews horse, but
was taken again by a Serj' who rid my horse to
pursue him, he had got near 6 miles towards Still
Water. Sunday n,h. Worked this day. Nothing Extra
ordinary. Monday 1 2th. Recd a letter from my wife & from
Cap' Bartman, with orders to go to Fort Edward.
The letter had been carried by mistake to Albany.
Recd a letter from Mr Dies.
Tuesday 13* Wrote to my wife.
Wednesday September 14. 1757. Set out f'm Sara
toga for Fort Edward, & arrived there at 3 o'clock in
the afternoon, supped at Gen1 Webb's & ordered to
look into the Works as he apprehended they went on
wrong. Thursday 15th. Visited the works, dined at Gen1
Webbs & recd a letter from General Abercromby
dated the 14th from Albany, with orders to go on with
the Posts at Saratoga, Still Water Ferry & to make a
report of the State of Fort Edward to Lord Loudoun,
also Recd a letter fm my wife.
Friday. 16th. Visited the Ground on the other side
& found it very well adapted for a Post, & Commands
the river & Island & has above a mile behind West on
a levell with good oak & Chesnut & maple Ground
the River running under its Banks 70 feet high & Per
pendicular. Saturday 17*. No Extraordinaries. Dined at Gen
eral Webbs.
Sunday 18. Forbes & Blakeney's Reg' came to
Fort Edward. Dined at the mess and supped with
the General.
Monday I9'.h Set out for Saratoga & arrived there
at one o'clock & dined with Coll" Grant. Visited the
works &c &c.

34 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Tuesday 20lh. Paid Serj' Cady on his re- ] £
ceipt at his going to Still Water 5 dollars. . j 2. o. o
Recd a letter from my wife. The Artificers would not
work for want of Rum.
Wednesday 21s' The Artificers would not work nor
take half a Gill of Rum till the rest came & was
obliged to give a Note to the Commissary to pay them
their allowance when they came. Wrote to my wife.
Gen1 Abercromby, Major Eyre, Col° Mesarve, Mr Dies.
Thursday 2 2d Coll0 Mesarve & Cap' Worden Came
here from Still Water to Consult whether it was worth
while to put the Saw mill in order & it was agreed to
postpone it till the Spring, told him that work was
designed at Still Water & gave him the Dimensions
of the Barrack and Store houses, he returned the
Same day.
Friday 23d Gave Rob' Dickson Carpenter a Certifi
cate for 34 days and a half work at Saratoga, with a
Certificate from Mr Gordon for 6 days at Fort Ed
ward, he is checked one day & a half and to re
ceive .£12.1.6. Indebted 5^. Paid MrWilliams for
the works  ;£ 1 2. 12. o
Saturday 24'!" Set out from Saratoga at 4 o'clock in
the afternoon, arrived at Still Water at 7 and found
Coll0 Mesarve gone to the half moon.
September 25"1 1757. Sunday. Wrote to Mrs Mon
tresor. Monday 26th. Coll° Mesarve came from half moon.
Tuesday 27th. Set out the work. The Post came
in brought no letter. Paid Serj' Cady on ) £
ace' one dollar  j . o. 8. o
And went to Albany with one Donaky to get the tools.
L' Williams came up from Saratoga.
Wednesday 28'!" Begun to lay the Ground Sill of
the Store-house. Went on tracing out the Work.
Thursday 29*. Set out from Still Water about 2
o'clock arrived at Halfmoon about 5. Examined the
Ground at the Point.
Friday 30th Examined the Ground about it, at the

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 35
Camp & marked it out but found it incapable of a
good post.
October Is' Set out from Half Moon, but before Set
out the Post on the Point, then came to the Ferry to
the East of the Mohock River and Set out the Post,
also that on the West side of the River. Dined at
Jacob Kenute and arrived at Albany about 8. pm.
Sunday. October 2nd. Waited on Gen1 Abercrombie
& dined with him. At night with Major Eyre Exam
ined part of Mr Campbells papers & Instructions.
found that his Commission & Letters &c tended only
to the Command of an Expedition under Gen1 Hopson.
Monday 3rd. Dined with Mr Napier, examined with
Major Eyre the Stationary. Went round the works
found them not so far forward as expected.
Tuesday 4th. Dined at Farells at Major Eyres re
quest, but he did not come, wrote to him an order per
Gen1 Abercromby's direction for Major Eyres to set
out for Schenechtady to morrow for to Examine the
Barracks & their Condition with the number of men
these will Contain. ,
October 5. Visited the Works.
Oct 6'h " ditto ditto.
October 7th. Dined at Mr Schuylers.
Oct 8 Dined at Farrells.
Sunday 9'" Dined at Col" Monroes. recd a letter
from Mrs Montresor, at night recd the Box of Instru
ments belonging to the late Mr Campbell's Brigade.
Monday 10. Dined at Farrells with Coll0 Hunter.
Wrote to Major Morris, Williams & Mrs Montresor,
but the letters did not go, the Post being gone.
Tuesday. October n'h 1757. Wrote to Cap' L' Wes
ton, L' Williams Coll0 Mesarve. The two former in
order to relieve Williams on ace' of a Complaint made
against him by Coll0 Grant to Coll0 Mesarve on
account of the Boards brought from Scorticoke to
Still-Water and ordered to take no more from thence.
Dined at Colonel Provost's.

36 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
[Memoranda from Col° James Montresor s Notes in
Book No. 1.]
Profile thr° the line at Fort Edward with Fas
cines July Is' 1757.
\See Illustrations. No. 3.]
Companys of Regulars  19
Massachussets  17
Connecticut  9
Rhode Island  5
^ New York  3

«— 1 o

deep j
deep \

For the Camp  53
The North line Contains . .Companys 16
The East Line do .. " 18
The Rentrenchment  19 53.
The Fort will take up supposing (men)
a General Attack  !434
The retrenchment  731
The Lines  1 770
Total. 393 1
Rooms for the officers at Saratoga 16 feet by 14
feet. 220 feet running Barracks for Soldiers.
New York Carpenters at Fort Edward £ s- d
1 at 12 shillings per day  0.12.
1 do 8 do do  8.
32 do 7 do do  11. 4.
3 do 6/6 do do  19.6
1 do 5/6 do do  5. 6
1 do 3/6 do do  3. 6

ooo

39 at ^2.2.0 £13-12. 6

1757 2nd May Carpenters pay begins at Fort Edward
Is' July their Pay amounts to  ;£8i6. o. o

No. 3. Page 36.

No. 5. Page 45.

6.

<G

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 3 J
East Bastion Fort William Henry.
To be raised one log round in height which will be
covered and prevent from being seeing into from the
Rising Ground at S° E and that at West.
The Powder Magazine to be lined with Brick round
and an arch turn'd at the Entrance to prevent the
Communication of Fire.
July 27th Query i8t Suppose the Ennemy was to
attempt landing, whether the Number of Boats are
sufficient to man them to prevent it. men
2 Galliots  200
2 Scows 
5 Whaleboats 
3 Batos 
2 Sloops  90

-t n-
0 2

men 290
The attempt with the 2 Galliots & Sloops are the
only Vessells which can obstruct their landing.
Query 2nd What number of Troops will be neces
sary to defend this Post and obstruct the Ennemy on
their march or landing and where posted ?
Answer. On Johnson's Camp and  1000
On the West Ground  700
To defend the Fort  300
Query 3rd What Cannon for the Breastwork or In
trenchment in Johnson's Camp ?
2 Twelve pounders )
2 Six do do > For the Intrenchments.
2 Eight do do )
That the two 12 Pound" Brass to be put into the
Intrenchments and that 2 Nine Pound" in the Gal
liots. A breast work to be immediately raised on Sir Wil
liam Johnson's Camp, and no other Camp to be made
but that the number proposed of 2000 be put together.

38 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Memorandum for Mr Williamson,
The boards &c of the store house may be carried
up to the Retrenchment, in order to make Cover for
Provisions for the Troops.
That the 2 Six Pounder be put into the Galliot till
the 9 Pounders come up. That the Sloop and Boats
maybe made use of on the Lake often within reach of
the Fort unless a leading Gale, & this repeated by
way of deceiving the Ennemy.
Preamble to the following Questions.
The General having produced an Examination taken
from a French Lieu' taken Prisoner at Fort Wm Henry
Wednesday the 3rd instant.
That the French Army under the Command of Gen'
Montcalm consisted of between 11 and 12.000 men &
in that army were 4000 Indians, 3000 Regulars, 4000
Canadians & Militia & that they had brought with
them in Double Boats planked, 36 Pounders of Can
non with 4 Mortars, that between 4 and 6000 of that
army came by land from Carillon &c & that they
landed about half a league at the West of the Fort
August ye 2nd in the Night time & that the next day
August 3rd they invested the Place. That at different
times there had arrived lately from Europe 30 sail of
Ships with Provisions, Stores & Troops to Quebeck.
Then the Gen1 informed us that there were no Militia
come up, and that he had sent several Expresses, but
had no answer to them on which the following ques
tions were made by the General.
1757. Friday. August 5'.h 11, o'clock. Met by order
from Gen1 Webb at his house in the Fort to give our
opinions on the present situation of affairs, and our
present circumstances Present
General Webb Coll° Angel
Coll0 Lyman Cap' Ord
Major Fletcher Engineer Montresor
Coll° Glazier Engineer Harry Gordon

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 39
Question Is.' made & proposed by Gen1 Webb. Con
sidering our present Situation & that of the Ennemy's
by an Examination. recd from a French Lieu' taken
prisoner & the several reports made by the rangers
who were sent to Fort Wm Henry, whether it was
practicable with the Force we had to go up to their
assistance. Question 2nd Then considering the Ennemy's Force
& our present situation whether it was proper to re
main at this Post & wait for the Ennemy.
Question 3rd Proposed by the Gen1 whether it was
not proper in case of a Retreat to leave a Garrison in
the Fort.
Answers to the Questions.
Q Is' Answer — Not practicable.
Q 2nd Answer — That it was proper to retreat &
meet the militia & make a stand to stop the Ennemy
& that as soon as possible.
Question 3rd Not answered.
But were broke up by the General saying, to keep
ourselves ready to march at a minutes warning & if
there was any Cariages it should be divided as equally
as possible. But according to what he should hear
further he might alter his resolutions.
Sunday August 7*. Heard nothing further. The
Chief Engineer several times applied to the General
to know whether this Fort was to be defended in
order to pull down the outhouses & clear the Saw
yers working in the Ditch of the Ravelin.
August 12th (1757) State of the Works at Fort Ed
ward N. W. Bastion is raised up to its height within. The
Merlons filled in and Platforms laid. The Ramp up to
it & its Terreplein to be made good and Levelled.
NE Bastion Completed and finished. The Curtine
between those two Bastions. The Rampart is not
quite fill'd in above the Casemate, one day more will
finish it.

40 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
S.E Bastion finished but wants to be Cleared &
levell'd The Curtine between the S. E & Water Bas
tion, the Parapet not quite fill'd in nor the Platforms
laid. S.W Bastion or Water Bastion not raised nor its
adjoining Curtine which is without Rampart & only a
Fascine parapet next the River.
¦ The Ditch of the East Curtine is finished to its
proper Depth. The Ditch of the N° Curtine finished.
The Ditch of the S° Curtine not Carried round. No
Ditch to the West Curtine being next the river. The
Ditch of the Ravelin will be finished to morrow even
ing. The Ravelin" is raised to its proper height with Plat
forms. Its gate G, and Draw bridge — bridge want
ing. The Bridge from the Ravelin to the Fort finished.
the Ballances of the Draw bridge wanting
The Face of the N West Bastion wants a log the
whole length to be raised under the Fraise & its Sal
liant angle too low in front and in danger of being
Brusqued. The Casemates to be cleared & made fit for the
men, there being molasses and Rum in one, Provisions
in the other, Shells and ordinance Stores in the 3rd
which wants to be lined next the Barracks. The 4th
empty. 14th The officers Barracks to be finished and the
men's put in order.
1 5th A well and oven necessary for the Garrison.
16th A safe Place for fixing Shells &° for the Artil
lery. Fort Edward. August 13th 1757. J M.
Account of Timber within the lines and about the
Fort August 15th 1757.
10 pieces of Timber squared
269 do flatted Timber
2 do Oak Logs for Trunnells.

No.4 Page 41

gym fftjjvcrnd^

Ik—a*, f- — V  ^^ •u— ^ **l/

aX. i •—- * «**- •~te^ a*^*"

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 4 1

II.
Journal (N° 2) of Col James Montresor,
Saratoga.
1757 August 19th. Arrived at Saratoga with Mr Dem
ler & Ingersoll who both left me immediately for
Albany and remained with 3 carpenters viz' Rob' Dick
son, Henry Gillian, Basil Taws & paid Mr Ingersoll
on account  ,£1.12. o
Aug' 20"1. Making tools, Carpenters (3.)
do 21s' Working Party to bring the Slabs ) men
to help to cover  j 24.
Aug' 2 2d. From the angle of the two rivers, the
Hudson River's west Bank bears in a 150 feet length
= North 220 East. Bank of Fish Kill as far as the
West angle of the old Block house Fort bears, in a
177 feet length = North 57!° West. Three Carpen
ters at Work on getting the Saws & loose timber
from the Sawmill with a Party bringing of it in &
Slabs and boards.
Aug* 23rd 3 carpenters & 22 men getting some
loose timber at the Saw mill.
Aug'. 24th. 3 Carpenters, sent a Party with them to
an Island to look for Trees fit for Cutting, having this
morning been sent in the woods near at hand and
found none, brought home a raft with 14 Logs. Recd
from Fort Edward — Bricks.
Aug'. 25. Sent 2 Carpenters & 14 men for timber,
thereby cut 18 pieces but could not bring it for want
of teams.
Aug' 26* Sent 3 Carpenters & 20 men with a Batoe
& Team and brought 18 pieces of Timber. Cumly
& 4 Sawyers came from Fort Edward to work here.
Aug' 27th 3 Carpenters putting tools in order, assist
ing to Set out the work. 20 men with a Team to get
the timber from the Water. Advanced Cumly one
Dollar on his account.

42 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Aug' 28. 3 Carpenters and a team \ a day. No
men at Work there being none to be had.
Aug' 29th The Sawyer come back from F' Edward.
The men getting stone from the hill. 3 Carpenters
squaring. The sawyers putting the Pitt in order.
Traced part of the Fort, and took a Profile thr° it in
the Center.
August 30. 1757. 50 men & the 3 Carpenters went
to the wood for Timber. 20 men for Stone, 6 in the
foundation. The Sawyers began to Saw this day.
One of the teams were employed, one with the Car
penters, the other with the Stones, brought to the
work. August 31s.' 30 men & 2 Carpenters with 2 teams,
went to the woods for Timber. Serj' with 20 men for
Stone, 20 Pulling down and a Serj' & 6 men down
the river for Boards. Bricks brought from Fort Ed
ward. September Is' Finished pulling down the old Fort,
Sent over the river for Boards & for Timber with 2
Teams. 20 working men & 10 to Cover got 30 logs cut
& 260 boards from below the river. Began to open
the holes & Cut Crutches for to Cover the Provisions.
Friday 2nd. Sent a party for Timber, and 2 Teams
with them also sent 2 Teams to, Saturday 3d to fetch
the Crutches and Small timber for the Posts of the
Storehouse & paid off Taws gone to Fort Edward &
lent Okey a dollar, (the Sawyer).
Sunday 4th. Lent to Comly 2 dollars more. Began
to pitch the Crutches in the Ground. This morning
put the Cover for Provisions and to make Fascines &
made 60. Sent for timber & got 16 down. Rafted.
2 Teams employed with them & 2 teams came at 4
o'clock in the afternoon to bring some timber for the
Provision Shed.
Monday 5"1 Sent for timber with 2 teams to the
woods. Set up the Crutches for the Cover of the
Provision Shed, Cut Fascines and had 2 teams to bring
Timber from the Water Side. The Carpenters em-

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 43
ploy'd Sawing, making up the Carcase of the Pro
vision Shed & hewing the logs for the Barracks — four
teams employed.
Tuesday 6. The two Covers for Provisions will Con
tain 2596 Barrells of Flour. The Party in the woods,
another floating timber, another for Fascines. The
Carpenters began to Cover the Shed as far as they
had Nails the rest hewing the Timber for the Barrack.
Four Teams.
Wednesday 7th. Began to open the Ditch & Set the
Masons into the foundations, and got but 30 men on
ace' of the Partys, relieving Carpenters & Sawyers at
Work on the timber of the Barrack. 1 Team & 12
oxen they pretending that their oxen was poorly &
would not draw the timber from the water side. Jacob
Browne Carpenter of the 35th came from Fort Ed
ward this day at 2. Gave a Check book to Comly for
the Artificers and men.
Carpenters Sent from Fort Edward September 2nd
1757 Jacob Brown  35th Regiment
Zacheriah McDonald  48th do do
John Mills  6o'h do do
Thursday 8th About one o'clock the following Car
penters & Bricklayers & Sawyers Sent up by Mr Dies
from Albany. Arriv'd here at about 1 o'clock & Set
them to cover themselves for the night and open a
Saw Pitt. Their pay to Commence the 5th Instant.
Johannes Outerkerk . . . "1 .... Foreman
John Outerkirk 
Peter Vanvort
Francis Winne
Sybrandt Vanzant
Isaac Vanzant \ Carpenters
John Scott
Egbert Van hoosen
Isaac Slingerland
Myriers Redder
Adam Scott Simpson

Bricklayers

44 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Patrick Colvin
Michel Shroom , c
tin r Sawyers
John Boone '
John Cornelia
Francis Couenoven
Edy Day
The Carpenters above came in here, also the
Stores for Fort Edward and this place. Sent a Party
for Fascines, another to get timber & to dig the
Ditch. One team & 12 oxen to draw up the Timber
and got a few stones.
Friday 9. Very rainy, the Carpenters, Sharpening
& preparing their Tools. A Party went out, to the
woods to bring timber & look out for that fit for
shingles. No teams at all.
Saturday 10. September. The Carpenters divided
between the Barracks & Provision Shed. Finished
Covering one of the Sheds by noon. The Brick
layers on the foundation of both buildings. The
Shinglers began to Split a piece of timber for Shin
gles. The soldiers in clearing the inside where the
Fort is to be. A party with the Serj' gone into the
woods — two teams.
Sunday 11th. The Carpenters began on the New
Provision Shed. The bricklayers on the brick part
of the North Chimney, A party in the woods, 2 teams.
Lent Mills, Carpenter one dollar.
Monday 1 2th Party in the woods. Carpenters laid
the sills & posts of the Corners & doors. Bricklayers
partly turned the arches of the Chimneys. The men
clearing the ditch. Six teams.
Tuesday — 13th Party in the woods for cutting trees
for Rafters, Beams & Shingles. Bricklayers on the
South Chimney. Carpenters Shedding the 3rd Store
house, Sawing & putting up the Posts & logs of the
West Barracks— two Teams, one with Clay & 1 2 oxen
to get the timber.
Wednesday 14th Set out for Fort Edward.
Monday 19th Came from Fort Edward to Saratoga.

No. 3. Page 36.

No. 5. Page 45.

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 45
Tuesday 20th The Artificers work' but half a day,
it rained and they canie one and all, to demand their
rum & would not receive the half Gill proposed to
them. Sent Serj' Cady & shinglers to Still Water.
Wednesday 21s' The men would not work until they
had a note from me that their allowance would be paid
them. One team.
From the inside of Still water.
the parapet to the Banquette. . . 6 feet
Between do & Barrack  8 "
Barrack  18 '*
Between both Barracks  36 "
Barrack  1 8
Between D° & Banquette  8
Banquette  6
120
\_See Illustrations. No. 5. J

III.
Journal (No 3) of Col° James Montresor
October 12™ 1757 to April 9™ 1758,
1757. October 12* Order'd Mr Williamson to re
lieve Mr Weston on the Roads between Half moon &
Still water and the latter to relieve Mr Williams at
Saratoga, ordered to Albany on Complaint of Coll°
Grant to Gen1 Abercrombie per letter with one in
closed to him from Mr Williams on the subject.
This day began at Farrells to mess.
Thursday 13th Wrote to Mrs Montresor two letters
one by post, the other by Mr Cartwright in a sloop.
Wrote also to Major Morris with orders for Mr Gor
don to shew Gen1 Webb's. Wrote also to Weston &

46 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR..
Williams. Williamson set out for half Moon. Recd
a letter from my wife, w'h newspapers.
Friday 14* Dined at the Generals. Set out the
road to ye Fort.
Saturday 15* Wrote to mr Brewse Engineer at
Halifax in regard to the Stores bought and left there.
mr Williams Came from Saratoga being relieved by
Gen1 Abercrombie's order by M1' Weston.
Sunday 16'!" Dined with Coll° Hunter at Farrells.
Monday. Ocf 1 7* Recd of Mr Turner the sum of
625 dollars on ace' of the works at For' Edward,
being to answer Bills in favour of  drawn on me
by Mr Gordon amounting in New York Currency to
,£250 Tuesday 18* Cap' L' Green Engineer came here
from N york.
Wednesday the 19th. paid Farrell his bill for sup
pers &c. And asked Mr Green to dine with me. .£1.19.7
Thursday 20 and Friday 21s.' Paid to Bostick for
9 martin skins _£2. o. o also do do for
19 do do .£4.15. o Wrote to Mrs Montresor 3
letters & sent down by a sloop Captain Vallans my
large black Trunk with the above skins & some summer
apparell. Cap' Green went down in the sloop having
got leave from Gen1 Abercromby. Sent 2 letters by
the Sloop one by the post.
Saturday. 22nd Signed an Order for Mr Green to re
ceive his pay Extra to the 30th Septr from the 19th of
August also signed a Receipt for some Instruments.
Order'd to remove the chimney of the Guard house
next the wood yard. Set out part of the road beyond
the mill slanting round to gain the road Nestiguinea
20 feet wide by which means the steep part is avoided
(agreeable to the orders of Yesterday) not followed.
Sunday 23rd Paid Mr Demler 10 dollars on a/c' —
£4. o. o
Monday 24. Recd letter from Mrs Montresor & an-
swed per the Post.
Tuesday 25'". Sent aboard Cap' Dowe my cask ol

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 47
Wine, also a Gardevin with a letter per Cap' Green's
servant to Mrs Montresor with the Key. Sent Mess"
Dies & Demler to set out the post at the W. Ferry.
Wrote to Major Morris & L' Williamson per Cap'
Wray going to half-moon. Delivd to me by Major
Eyre the following Plans he had from Mr Campbell
Chief Engineer — ist plan of a Pentagon with an
attack.— 2nd Plan of Quebec. 3d Plan of the city &
Fortress of Louisburg. — 4th — Plan of the harbour &
Fortification of Louisburg. 5"1 Reflections for the
Attack. 6th Plan of Louisburg in Pencil. — Wednes
day 26th 
Thursday 2 7* Lord Loudoun arrivd here at 5 o'clk
in the afternoon.
Friday 28th. Paid Serj' Cady 4 dollars & 2 owing
me before. Paid Col° Meserve on ace' of shingles for
Still Water made by the above serjeant ... 18 dollars.
Gave into Lord Loudoun's a General state of the
works to October Is' and Novr Is' with the return of
Engineers. Wrote to Mrs Montresor & Cap' L'
Greene. Saturday 29* Paid Serjeant Donaky for part of his
work in making shingles at Saratoga per Certificate=
6 doll8 = £2. 8. o-
Sunday 30th Lord Loudoun sent to give me back
the return of Engineers as they were made in 2 Bri
gades, therefore will have them for the future in one.
Monday 31s' Lord Loudoun gave me an order to
Strike Lieu' Williams from the return of the Engi
neers on the Establishment & accordingly order'd a
return to be made agreeable to that order.
November Is' Paid Donaky Shingle maker at Sara
toga for his whole ace' as per Certificate of Lieu'
Williams 31 Dollars — .£12. 8. o
Wednesday 2nd Gave in another Return
of Engineers to Coll0 Forbes & paid to
Farrell for mess  £5. 4. 2
Thursday. Nov1 3rd 1757. Recd from Mr Turner. .Stg
,£500. o. o and the 250^ currency, borrowed before,

48 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
deducted a bill of 8o,£ and Mr Ormsby's ace' of
£32,. 6. 8. Wrote to Mrs Montresor & Mr Gordon
Engineer. Colonel Munro dyed.
Friday — 4th. Ordered by Lord Loudoun to show him
the Plan of Fort Edward and Posts which he took
and also the Plan of them Paid Captain Worden — paid
Coll0 Mesarve. Paid Cap* Tidcomb by Mr Mendez.
He ordered a report to be made also of what is neces
sary for Fort Edward.
Saturday 5th. Gave Lord Loudoun a Report by his
order of what is necessary for the defence of Fort
Edward. Sunday 6th. Lord Loudoun set out from here for
Fort Edward at 8 o'clock in the morning & signed the
receipts of the warrant from Lord Loudoun, dated
November 3d 1757.
Monday 7th. Ten Carpenters came down from Fort
Edward. Tuesday 8th. Wrote to Mrs Montresor & Mess"
Weston and Williamson. Recd a bill from Mr Turner
on Mr Mortier at sight for £650 NY currency for pay
ing part of the New York carpenters come. Paid this
day. Wednesday 9th. Sent for by Gen1 Abercromby to
acquaint me that Lord Loudoun was excessive angry
at Saratoga in not finding as he said a Store house
ready built and he advised me to go up & meet the
Lord there the next day.
Thursday io'h. An excessive bad rainy day and did
not go to Saratoga, was asked to dine at the Generals
but as I was to set out made an excuse. About 4 recd
a note from Mr Appy that Lord Loudoun was set out
from Fort Edward & that I had not occasion to up.
Supped at the Generals & celebrated his Majesty's
Birth day.
Friday 11th. Lord Loudoun came in from Fort
Edward about 2 o'clock with Gen1 Webb, Lord Howe
& Col0 Schuyler & several that went with him.
Saturday 12th. Gave Coll0 Forbes a return of the

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 49
old Barrack utensils. Lord Howe's Reg' came in from
Fort Edward.
Sunday 13th. An ace' of the German Flats being
attacked by 800 French And Indians last night and
Lord Howe & Cap' Bradstreet set out in the morning.
Two Regiments from Schenechtady And the High
landers marched. Monday 14th 
Tuesday — 15th. This night came an Express that
Lord Howe was at Conojoxeri and that the Ennemy
had destroyed the settlements there And found 5
Dead, and 30 families missing & that they were gone
off, therefore Lord Howe, order'd the Reg1 back.
Wednesday 1 6'.h Mr Weston Came from Half moon
& ordered to Fort Edward.
Thursday 17th. Recd a warrant this day for .£3000
Sterling for the works.
Friday i8,h. Dined at Lord Loudoun's. Wrote In
structions for Mr Weston & shewed them to Gen1
.Abercromby & Coll" Forbes approved, of. Order'd
to send him up to Fort Edward & Cap' Green to
Schenectady. Saturday 19th Cap' Green set out for Schenectady
in order to inspect in the Barracks. Wrote to Mr
Gordon that Mr Weston was to relieve him. Wrote
to Major Van Slyck & to Lieutenant Williamson.
Monday 21 \ Wrote to Mrs Montresor. An Ex-
Sunday- — 20 j press by Mr Green from Schenectady
that came from Sir Wm Johnson with an ace' that the
French & Indians had taken Post on the great carry
ing place. That by the same conveyance there is an
ace' that out of the settlement of the German Flats
are 114 persons missing that out of that number are
only 8 found dead. That the horses they drove away
& the Cattle they destroyed & set fire to all the
houses. The oxen & cows they cut their tongues
out. Captain L' Weston set out for Fort Edward.
Tuesday 2 2d Mr Appy brought me L' Hurbert's bill
for his overseers pay at Fort Wm Henry which he had
advanced him, I ordered by Mr Mendez to be paid.

50 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Wednesday 23d Keech & the rest of the Carpenters
came in from Fort Edward. Wrote to Mrs Montresor
by Mr Napier.
Thursday 24* Mr Napier went this morning. Gen1
Abercromby advised me to say nothing about my
going until Lord Loudoun is gone & then to repre
sent to him the necessity of my going to York to
settle accounts with Stores bought and new York Car
penters. Friday November 25* 1757. Recd a message from
Lord Loudoun to bring the dates of the Engineer's
Commissions, with the dates of them which I gave him,
also the Ranks they bear in the Army, he told me that
he wanted some Engineer to be employed on mend
ing the turnings in the roads between the Ferry & half
moon, also to survey between that & Still water &
bring in the road as near a straight line as it will ad
mit of & where the Hill is, to try to wind it up, by easy
ascents, also to survey the River & Examine well
whether tis practicable to make it navigable, also that
I should Keep all the Engineers within call as he might
have occasion for them.
Saturday 26th. Wrote to Mrs Montresor by Major
Morris who was to sail this afternoon. Lord Loudoun,
Gen1 Webb, Lord Howe &c went on board for New
York this evening at 5 o'clock.
Sunday 27th Dined at Colonel Williamsons. &
Monday 28th. The Scouters with Clerk Abercromby
&c came in from their Scout they went on the hill
opposite to the Fort, also on the West side found that
they had laid a great heap of Earth to make a Glacis of.
The two Ravelins are made of Stone on the North &
South side. The rangers behaved extreamly ill and
discovered themselves. Wrote to Mrs Montresor 2
letters by Mr Adair.
Tuesday 29th. Wrote to Mrs Montresor by L' Leslie,
Mr Adair not gone. Waited on Gen1 Abercromby, got
an order from him on ace' of the Barracks.
Wednesday 30th Mr Clerk Engineer & Mr Leslie left

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 5 1
this place for York. Dined at Gen1 Abercromby's be
ing S' Andrew's day.
December i8.' Paid Mr Farrell's bill amounting to
,£20. 5. 2. Mr Greene paid me out of it £3. 1. 11.
Mr Williamson came from the half moon, order'd Mr
Demler to the half moon. To the Baker ... o. 8. 9
For Curtain Leggings &c  2. o. o
• Friday 2d. Cap' Gordon came from Fort Edward
this day & reca a letter from Cap' Weston from thence.
Mr Demler went for Half-Moon.
Saturday 3d Sunday — 4th Went to Gen1 Abercromby
with Mr Gordon for leave for him to go to New York,
which was granted Wrote to Montresor.
Monday 5* December 1 757. Wrote to Mrs Montresor.
Tuesday 6. Wednesday 7th Wrote to Mrs Montre
sor 2 letters by a sloop in which went a conductor ot
the Artillery. Dined at General Abercrombys.
Thursday — 8th Friday — 9lh Dined with the General
Abercromby. Saturday — 10th. Recd from Mr Johnsone the summ ot
.£500 NYork currency & paid to Major Van Slyck
on ace' of the works at Schenectady per his re
ceipt  £225. 4. 10
Recd a letter from Mrs Montresor by the Post.
Sunday IIth Wrote to Mrs Montresor by Cap' L'
Gordon who set out this day for New York. Paid
mr Demler for the Workmen employed at the Half-
moon  £30. o. o
Monday 12th. Dined with Cap' Morris in Coll° Don
aldson's mess.
Tuesday 13th Recd per Warrant from Gen1 Aber
cromby £1000.0.0 the 500,£ Currency deducted.
Wednesday 14th. L' Williams went to Schenectady.
Wrote to Major Van Slyck to finish.
Thursday — 15th Friday — 16 Saturday — 17 Recd
(on 17th) a letter from Gen1 Abercromby about Major
Van Slyck and answered it by Captain Greene inform
ing of what money was still wanted to defray the debts
here.

52 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Sunday — i8'h Snowed very hard all night, two feet
high on the ground, Continued till io o'clock in the
morning. Recd a letter from Mess" Sailly from Lon
don and Major Eyres.
Monday 19. Wrote to Mrs Montresor per the Post.
Tuesday — 20th. Attested bill of Exchange for 400^
sterling on the Board of ordnance drawn by Mr Salton-
stall for the Extra pay of the Engineers & Recd from
him for myself for the month of Jany 1758 for 31 days
the sum of ,£18.12.0 Sterling which makes, as Cur
rency j631.17.8f
Wednesday 21s.' Paid Mr Mendez out of the money I
recd from Mr Salstonstall, Mr Paislea's bill of .£10.8.6.
Order'd Mr Mendez to check the Carpenters.
Thursday 22? Mr Dies drew up an ace' of what the
six carpenters had done within this fortnight in order
to show Gen1 Abercromby. Recd an order from Gen1
Abercromby's Aid de Camp to pay Coll0 Glen j£5.io.6
for work done at Schenechtady in 1756.
Tuesday 20th. Recd a message from Gen1 Abercromby
by Cap' L' Greene that the Carpenters for this fort
night past had not done any work and that he was
informed of it by several that he had bespoke several
things & could not get it done, for which reason he
would not employ any more the King's carpenters
but would order other people to do it & he would
make out a Warrant for it. That the carpenters
should be checked for a fortnight past & mr Dies to
give an ace' of what work had been done during that
time. Captain Green visited the Works & found Taylor
absent & the men to whom he had given the Key for
the tools so too. Ordered by me to be both checked.
Thursday 22nd Recd a warrant for 600 j£ sterling
from Gen1 Abercromby. Mr Dies gave in his Repre
sentation to the Gen1 & seemed Satisfied. » 6oOj£ ster
ling is in Currency io28£.ii.5|.
Friday — 23d Cap' L' Green went by my order to
Schenectady to Certifie into the building the Store
house & repairing the Barracks by Major Van Slyck.

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 53
Saturday 24*. Paid Major Van Slyck in part of his
accounts One hundred pounds Sterling in New York
Currency. Sunday 25th. Wrote to Mrs Montresor.
Monday — 26th ) Packed & sealed some letters to
Tuesday — 27th (the board, Duke of Marlborough
& Sir John Ligonier. Cap' Christie sent (the 27th) Mr
Turrell to fetch a Horse that was bought by Mr Gor
don & found in the woods & he gave a receipt for it.
Wednesday 28th Mr Saul Settled ace*8 of Provisions
with me and gave him two receipts for 6 weeks each,
the first to the 14th of Novr included amounting to 225,
the second to the 26th of December, included for 210
Rations but he is to pay no further in money than to the
23d of Novr being the date of Lord Loudouns order &
from the 23d of Novr to the 26th of Decr in specie to the
bearer if I send a note. Gave ioo£ in bills to Men
dez & 1 00 ,£ yesterday. Recd a letter from Mr Weston
from Fort Edward that the Officers barracks on the
left hand going in at the Gate were entirely consumed.
Sent Cap' Green to the Gen1 with the letter who gave
orders to supply Fort Edward with what stores we
had, but we had but 4 Padlocks & some chalk to be
ready at 10 next morning with the Convoy. Wind
South and a Thaw.
Thursday — 29th Paid Mr Mendez for private ac
count  .£5. 18. 9
Wrote to Mr Weston. To paid for washing. 0.19. o
Friday — 30th. To two Stoves  o. 1 6. o
Saturday 318.' To the Barber  o. 8. o
1758. January Is' Sunday. Sent Mendez to Schen
ectady to enquire into Major Van Slycks accls & he
come back at 7 — Pm.
Monday 2nd Lent both my horses with their saddles
& whips to Mr French Quarter master of Perrys to
go to New York & leave them at Willetts. he set
out in the morning. I went to Gen1 Abercromby's &
told him I was ready & that I had got a sloop &
believed she would sail to morrow.

54 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Tuesday 3rd Recd from Mr Saul for 270 rations of
Provisions due to me to the 26th De- Currency
cember  ,£7.14. o
Paid to Cap' Green for Major Van Slyck. j£i35- 7. 4
Also paid him for account of y* works Ulb,lu . 50. o. o

185. 7. 4

At \ before 3 sailed from the Pasture in
a New York sloop, Barrons, the master, j
Wednesday 4'!1 Lay at 'anchor near Cocksacy &
sail'd at 7 & then run a ground at 8, a little below
Claverrack within 3 miles of Livingston's on the Island
at low water, in the middle of the Channell. Sent Mr
Dies & Farmar to Mr Livingston's for a sloop to go
in as we imagined that as the sloop run at Highwater,
she could not be got off. At nine at night at high-
water got the Sloop off & lay at anchor in the Chan
nell all night. Mr Dies went ashore to Livingston's.
Thursday 5th. Wind very strong at South, turned
some time, but was obliged to come to an anchor, went
a shore within 2 miles off Livingston's and found Capt8
Baybut, Waterhouse and Crofton. dined, Supped and
lay there.
Friday 6th. Breakfasted & Came on board at 1 1. and
sailed with very little wind, variable mostly contrary,
and came to anchor a little below Sopas.
Saturday — 7*. Weigh'd anchor at half past nine in
the morning with a Gust of a North Wester but turned
West & so squally with Gusts that we were forced to
come to an anchor at half past 3 in the afternoon on
the West side at the north of the Dans Camber about
\ a mile.
Sunday 8,h. Weigh'd anchor at 10 o'clock in the
morning & at 2 came to new Windsor, at 3 enter'd
the Highlands, the wind fair & came to anchor at
Coentjiis Dock between 3 and 4 the next morning
being Monday.
Monday 9th Dined and supped at Lord Loudoun's.
Began to shave with Cox at a7 shillings per Quarter.

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 55
Tuesday io'.h Dined at General Webb's. Taken ill
at night with a violent cold.
Wednesday 1 Ith Monsieur De Ruynes Engineer &
Director of Mines, came to see me & gave me a letter
from the office mentioning how far he had been paid,
but not the pay per day, but Mr Hawkins showed me
va letter from the Board on that occasion & that his pay
is ten shillings per day. Kept house.
Thursday 1 2th Lent to Tony on ace' of his wages in
Silver 4 doll8 — ^£1.12.0. Gave River my Draught of
Sandy hook to be put in Lord Loudoun's Draught of
the Hudson's river. At home ill.
Friday 13th Gave 24^ in bills to pay for the carpet.
At home ill with the cold. Settled with Mr Hawkins &
recd a bill on Beverly Robinson for ,£256.13.8 Sterling
for the following Pays due me —
Paid Mr Dies for my share of coming in the Sloop fm
Albany  £3. 10. o
Tony, Extra Pay from Is' of June to the 318'
December  1 28. 8. o
To Waggon hire for 183 days  91.10. o
To do Forrage money for ditto .... 27. 9. o
To 6 months firing to the 31s' of March. . . 9. 6. 8
^Sterl* 256.13. 8
Out of the 24^ paid as above has 
been laid out of it — To a carpet. j£2i. o. o
Glasses .... 2. o. o
To the house 10. o
Saturday — 14th Recd letters from Cap' Green, Coll0
Rollo. ill at home.
Sunday— 15th In of a cold. Mess" Mortier, Appy &
Furnis & Adair supped here. Desired Mr Appy to ac
quaint Lord Loudoun that I had recd a letter from Cap'
L' Green of the death of Mr Hylton Engineer in New
foundland by letter received from thence.
Monday — 16* Still ill, kept house.
Tuesday — January 17th 1758. Still to the house.
In a bill  £*°- °- °

56 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Wednesday 18 Still to the house. In a bill 10. o. 0
do do do do do 10. o. o
Thursday — 19th Recd a letter from Mr Brewse Engi
neer at Halifax dated December 18. 1757 about Stores.
This Evening the Packet from England came in &
Recd one letter from the Board in relation to Lieu'
Williams pay from the time he was employ'd as an
Engineer. Major Morris & Miss Phillips married.
Friday — 20th Wrote to Cap' Green & inclosed him
2 notes from Coll0 Rollo about wages due his men.
also L' Williams & in his an inclosed from the Board
& another from Falmouth. Went by the Post to Al
bany. Saturday — 218' Took Physick.
Sunday — 22nd Snow and Frost. Kept house.
Monday — 23rd do do do An
Eclipse of the moon. Gave to the house j£o. 10.0.
The Eclipse began at 28 minutes past 11 and was one
hour & half in making its total which lasted until near
two. Tuesday — 24th. Dined at Mr Mortiers. Gave Mrs
Montresor for Concert &° j£i.io.o. Mrs Montresor
went to the Concert & supped afterwards with Major
Hacket & the Company at Scotch Johnnys.
Wednesday — 25th. Wrote to Mr Boddington & to Mr
Sailly inclosed in the formers. To pay the female Ser
vants  £3. 10. o
To pay for Hat and lace for Harry  3. o. o
To Buckles for Ditto  1.10. o
Dined at Gen1 Webbs, supped at Mr Philipse. Gave
a plan of the Narrows & designed Batterys ; to Lord
Loudoun. Thursday — 26'.h Dined at Lord Loudoun's & gave
him the Remarks on Sailing from New York to Sandy
hook, with observations on the Defence of the Narrows
&c. Paid for Muslin  £2. o. 6
To a Glazier & Painters bill  1. 6. o
To 12 pounds of Sugar Powder  8. o
To the house  . 8. o

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 57
Friday — 27th Saturday — 28 To the house. .0. 8. o
To a cheese w' iZP* at J/6  i. 4. o
To Washing. lS/0  o. 18. o
Sunday — -29th Dined at Major Rutherford's.
January 30^ Monday. 1758 Gave to the House
j£o.i6.o Major & Cap' Rutherford, Mess" Barrow,
Furnis & Sinclair dined with us. and supped with
Mess" Turner & Adair. Wrote to Mess" Green,
Weston and Eyres.
Tuesday — 318' Recd from Mr Mortier in bills for
money returned by Mr Turner being paid by me to
Cap' mcAdams per Lord Loudoun's order. . . ,£69.15. o
Dined at Lord Loudoun's.
Gave to the House  o. 10. o
To do do 2 doll?. . . .16. o 1. 6. o

Feby Is' Wednesday Dined at Gen1 Webbs, supped
at Major Morris's.
Thursday — 2nd Put 15 of my letters in the Post
office by Mr Hawkins who set out for Philadelphia.
Friday — 3rd Coll° Burton & Gage called here. Recd
three letters from Albany, from Mess" Green, Williams
& Saltonstall with a bill from Mr Weston of ,£50.
Lord Howe set out this day for Albany. Made ink
this Evening.
Saturday — 4"1 — Gave Tony on account. . .,£0. 8. o
Recd a letter from Major Eyre, answered his letter &
sent him the Printed ace' of the Expedition to Roch-
fort. Wrote to Cap' Green & enclosed him a letter
brought me by Mr Newton, also the Pamphlet of the
Expedition by mr Adair, to whom I lent my cloak.
Col° Burton & Gage set out for Albany. Major Eyre
arrived here from Elisabeth Town. Two 5/ £
shillg bills  o. 10. o
Sunday 5* Major Eyres set out this day for Albany
with Mr Adair. Dined at General Webb's.
Mofiday 6th. Dined at Lord Loudoun's & gave him a
plan of Rochefort.

58 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Tuesday— fh Gave to the house in four, 5 shillg8
bills  j£i. o. o
do do do in one 10 doll8 do ... o. 10. o
Waited on Ld Loudoun & recd orders to make pro
portion for 3 different Enterprises, also to relieve Cap'
Weston by Cap' Gordon & L' Williams to be em
ployed with him, Mr Weston to go about the roads &c
&c. Gordon came here last night. Dined and supped
at Beverly Robinson's.
February 8th 1758. Paid Mr Dies for a saw ) - Q
mounted  j **
Paid to Gordon to pay Shoes for Mrs ] g
Montresor &°  (
.Paid for M" Mortier's Shoes  0.12. 8
do Gave a 5£ bill of the money j
Brought down from Albany for Tea and >- 2.10. o
paid for one pound Tea  )
To the house  0.16. o
Mr Gordon and Mr Russel dined with us & set off after
dinner for Albany.
Thursday — 9th Mendez & Brazier came from Albany
at night.
Friday — 10: Gave Lord Loudoun the Proportion
of Stores ordered for the Expedition A and recd or
ders for that B. Paid Mr Mendez on account. . £6. 4. o
Saturday 11* Dined at Mr Mortier, supped at Mr
Turner's Expended  £"o. 16. o
Sunday — 12th. Wrote the Proportion for the Expe
dition B for Ld Loudoun. Recd letters from Albany from
Mess" Green, Octerlony, & Stilt Gordon's clerk on a
bill given him on me by Mendez.
Monday — 13th Gave Lord Loudoun the proportion
for the Expedition B, who order'd me to see if the
stores could furnish the Demand. Went at night
to Mr Bird's ball. Paid Gaine the Printer for one
year's newspapers & a Book for Harry. Gave a 2,£
bill  £2. o. o
Tuesday — 14th To the house & Printer for news
papers  £2. o. o

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 59
Waited on Ld Loudoun & gave him the Plan of the
Galliott and told him what was wanted to be made for
the Stores for A. B. C. To pay Mr Murray, Pothecary
for Mr Hunter  £3. o. o
Wednesday — 15th Supped at Lord Loudoun's &
gave him the ace' of stores in all the several Places
with the Demand for A. B. C & the deficiencys.
Thursday — 16th Dined at Lord Loudoun's, was
obliged to come away from table being sick.
Friday — 17th To the House, one bill of ten shil
lings  £0. 10. o
Supped at M" Philips. Lord Loudoun set out for
Hartford this morning
Saturday — 18th. Dined at the Glass house w'h
Mess" Mortier, Appy &c Mr Bird, £- lpbell & Turner
sailed for Carolina. The Packet, Lap' Morris sailed
this day with Capt' Buchanan, Mr Hamilton &c & my
letters to the Boards &°. Gave Cap' Morris a bill of
,£20 sterling on Mr John Boddington to buy some silk.
The company that dined at the Glass house, supped
with me.
Sunday — 19th. Dined at Gen1 Webb's. Supped
at home.
Monday — 20* Visited Coll° Forbes & shewed him
the several minutes in Beseiging also that for A. also
visited Cap' Willianouze. Gave to pay a Servant, one
Pound Bill  £1. o. o
Wrote by the Albany Post two letters, the one by
Lord Loudoun's orders to Coll° Williamson, the other
to General Abercromby acquainting him of it. Supped
at Mr Napier's.
Tuesday — 21s' Paid Josephson his ace' of what I
had at Fort Edward and for what I had at new York
& paid him 2 Tenpound bills one 3 pound bill, one
ten shillings bill & 2 Shillings in Silver
Amounting to  £23. 1 2. 1
One ten shilling bill to the house  0.10. o
Supped at Mr Mortiers. The Packet sail'd from the
Hook.

60 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Wednesday — ¦22nd Mrs Montresor dined at Mr Clark-
son's. In Bed all day being sick. To the house in a
twenty shs bill  ,£i. o. o
Thursday — 23rd Paid for Taxes a 408 bill . j£2. o. o
Recd a letter from Mr Saltonstall with 2 receipts for
Cap' De Ruyne's Pay for January & February, being
29 days at 10 shgs  ,£29.10. o
Dined at General Webb's.
Friday — 24th Supped at Mr Furnis's.
Saturday — 25th To pay for washing a 40 shilling
bill  £"2. o. o
Sunday — 26th. Dined at General Webb's.
Monday — 27th. Paid to Mr Dennison in ad- ) ~
v ' -ce one 3 pd bill and one Ten shilling bill . j ^ 3-
'Tuesday — 28 ,/To pay lanthorn's hire &c & House
(in a Bill)  £-5. o. o
March. Is' Wednesday Dined at the Glass house
with Mess" Furnis, Stevens &c.
Thursday 2nd Ships came in from London. Major
Robertson & Cap' Williamson & Ladys supped with
me. Gave to pay the Butcher 60s bill  £3. o. o
Friday — 3 Saturday — 4 The Squirrell Ship of war
came in & brought me a letter from the Board signed
Geo Sackville & Charles Frederick with orders for me
to order immediately Cap' L' Green & Weston to
Halifax to provide Materials, Fascines & Gabions &°
for service & that in case Cap' L' Green was not pres
ent to order Cap' L' Weston & Clark which I accord
ingly did the same day per the Post, that came in from
Albany & went out again directly. I also enclosed
the letter from the Board to Gen1 Abercromby at the
same time, and another to Lord Loudoun, the said
vessell brought on an ace' of Lord Loudoun being re
called & Gen1 Abercromby to succeed in the Com
mand. My letter from the Board was directed to me,
Lieu' Colonel and Director of Engineers. Dined at
Gen1 Webb's. Recd letters from Mess" Green &
Weston. Sunday 5* Monday 6th Wrote to Jack with a Mil-

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 6 1
lan's Register and Almanack sent him. Wrote to Mr
Dies To the house, a hundred shilling bill .... ,£5. 0. 0
Tuesday — 7'!1 A ship of War and Packet from Eng
land came in this day brought me letters from the
Board with a confirmation of my being made Director
and Lieutenant Colonel, also another acquainting me
of the Engineers to be employed under me for the
Department at New York, also my ace'8 from Mr Bod-
dington to the end of the year 1756, with my Com
mission as Major, also a letter from Lord George
Beauclerk. Supped at Mrs Philipse.
Wednesday — 8. Supped at Major Robertson's.
Dined at Mr Robertson's.
Thursday — 9* Friday — 10* To pay the carpenters
for a table & doors with putting up  ,£5. o. o
Saturday — 11th Sunday — 12th. Recd of Mr Robinson
2oq£ in paym' of his note of £440.0.6.
Monday — 13th. General Abercromby arrived from
Albany. Tuesday — 14th. Recd from Gen1 Abercromby several
letters from the Board &c. Paid Mr Mendez dollars
on ace' of his pay ,£8.0.0. Took out of the Bag 20.00
Captain Weston arrived this day.
Wednesday — 15th Dined with the Gen1 Abercromby
& shewed him the letters recd from the Board.
Thursday — 16'!1 Wrote to Gen1 Hopson & enclosed
the letter I recd from the Board, also gave Cap' Wes
ton his instructions & the above letter with 2 others
for Capt L'8 Bontein and Brewse.
Friday — 17th. Sent away per the Packet. Cap' Lest-
wyche, letters to the Board, Lord George Beauclerk &
Mr Boddington. Supped at Mr William's. Took out
of the Bag for washing 5 dollars  £2. o. o
Saturday March — 18th 1758 Sent for by the Gen
eral Abercromby this morning to inform me that he
thought proper to make some alterations to the list of
Engineers sent to serve at Halifax & New York &
that in lieu of Mat Clerk order'd to Halifax to send

62 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
John Montresor as his regiment goes there, & to keep
cap' Gordon to go with Brigr Forbes to the South.
He also spoke about providing axes & other tools but
good of the kind, and to acquaint Coll0 Williamson
that Lord George Sackville was supposed at Halifax
and to hurry the Stores &c. Cap' Weston sailed in
the Store Ship for Halifax & Gen1 Webb in the Packet
for Falmouth. Supped at Mr Mortier's.
Sunday — 19* Coll0 Williamson &c dined with me.
Monday — 20. Wrote to Major Eyre, Green & Dies
per Gen1 Abercromby & to order the Chief Engineer's
boat to be put in order. Wrote also to John Montre
sor per the Philadelphia Post. Lord Loudoun arrived
from Boston in the afternoon.
Tuesday — 218'. Waited on Lord Loudoun & did not
see him till I came to dinner w* Gen1 Abercromby
at Scotch Jonny's, where he thanked me for the letters
I wrote to him. Supped at Mr Mortier's.
Wednesday — 2 2d Recd orders from Gen1 Abercromby
to write to Lord Howe & according to the new ar
rangement of the Engineers at present, Cap' L' William
son goes to Halifax as Engineer under Coll° Bastide,
and to give him orders accordingly. Also this day Coll0
Williamson & I agreed to begin our Baggage money
this Campaign from the Is' of March. Two Waggons
at 10 shillings per day each, as Lieutenant Colonel.
Thursday — 23d Went to Brigadier Forbes & shewed
him the Proportion of Stores sent with General Brad-
dock. Coll0 Philipse, Lady Mr8 Philipse Morris, Rob
inson &c &c supped with me.
Friday — 24* Gave Cap' Abercromby the list of
Engineers order'd to Halifax & New York with Blanks
left for Gen1 Abercromby to make the alterations.
Saturday — 25th. Paid the Sadler per receipt^. 16.0
in 17 dollars for making saddle, new Bridle, repairing
2 more & Bridles &c. Recd from Albany & Fort Ed
ward letters from Cap' Gordon & Green, L' Williams
& Mr Saltonstall & Stitt per the Post. Took out for
Packet & Self & Mrs Mr 10$  =£4. o o

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 63
Sunday — -26th March — 1758. Waited on Gen1 Aber
cromby who was very angry at the Chief Engineer's
boat being not ready for the Deputy Quarter Master
General & that he would complain, therefore went di
rectly home and wrote to Mr Furnis viz'
" The Commander in chief Major Gen1 Abercromby
having order'd me to demand the boat, that was the
late Sub. Director Campbell's to carry on the service
for the Deputy Quarter Master General's department
in consequence of which I make the following demand
of it. Sir please to deliver to the Bearer the Boat and
oars &c belonging to the late Sub Director Campbell
at present in Store. James Montresor C Engineer
To James Furnis. Comp- )
troller of his Majesty's >
ordinance = New York J
Sunday — 26th. Also this day gave the List of the
Engineers that are to go to Halifax & New York on
which the General Abercromby made the following
alterations with his own hand — Gordon to go with
Brigdr Forbes, and Montresor to go in his stead to
Halifax — Williamson to go to Halifax in the room of
Matthew Clerk to remain with General Abercromby.
This day according to the above mentioned order to
Mr Furnis I delivered the Boat & oars demanded by
me to major Robertson for the service of the Deputy
Quarter Master General. Wrote to Cap' Green, Gor
don, Williamson, L' Williams & Clerk, Mr Saltonstall
and Stitt per the Albany Post and to Lord Howe.
Monday — 27th. Wrote to Cap' Green. recd 2 letters
from Gibralter from Captain Haswell.
Tuesday — 28th Supped at Beverly Robinson's.
Wednesday — 29th Mr Clerk, Engineer, came from
Albany at Cap' Green's orders, on which Gen1 Aber
cromby was extreme angry & sent me word so, by
Cap' Abercromby, on which I wrote the General a
letter & sent it by Jack Montresor.

64 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Thursday — 30th Gave Gen1 Abercromby the Pro
portion of Tools for the Southward, altered from that
of Sir John S' Clair.
Friday — 318' — Supped at major Rutherford's.
April, Saturday — Is' Gave Gen1 Abercromby the list
of the Stores designed for the Northward — also the
copy to Mr Hawkins in order to know the quantity at
Albany, and at New York, §z. then to know those be
spoke by Lord Loudoun, by which means the number
will be known that are to be made either here or
at Albany. Major Robertson, Coll0 Williamson, Cap'
Willymore & Ladys supped with me.
Sunday — April — 2nd 1758. Recd a letter from Cap'
L' Williamson.
Monday — 3rd. Went on a court of Enquiry at the
Town house on a complaint made by the magistrates
on ace' of Billetting officers of the Artillery on the
Recorder. Brigadier Stanwix President, Col0 Gage, L'
Coll° Montresor, Major Morris, Captains Gates, Hacket
and Read. Dined at Lord Loudoun's. Supped at
Mr Mortier's.
Tuesday — 4* Attested Bills drawn on the Board by
Mr Saltonstall for ,£1000 Sterling for the service of
the Engineers, payable to Mr Furnis or order. Mess"
Bowyer, and Bartman dined & suppd with me.
Wednesday — 5th. Took out 10 doll8 & paid the Shoe
maker for 3 pairs of Shoes  £1.17. 6
Thursday — 6. Dined at Cap' Wraxall's.
Friday — 7"1 Captains Gordon, Green, Williamson
came from Albany in 35 hours.
Friday — 7th. Also wrote to major Eyre per General
Abercromby, order to send for him here directly.
Saturday ¦ — 8th. Paid Mr Robert Livingston Junr for
Iron, commissioned by Mr John Dies from him for the
use of Fort Edward, amounting to £120.0.4^ per bill
drawn on Mr Beverly Robinson and charged to mr
Hawkins's ace' with him, and gave mr Hawkins a bill
drawn on him for the above summ as a Memorandum
for him. Dined at Mr Clements with Cap' De Ruynes

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 65
& at my request met Coll° Williamson and Mr Furnis in
order to have their opinion in regard to the Baggage
and Forrage &c &c, which he is to receive & unani
mously agreed to put him on the footing of an Engi
neer in Ordinary as his pay being such accordingly,
agreed to write to the Board about it.
Sunday— 9th Mess" Gordon, Green and Adair dined
with me.

IV,
Journal (N° 4) of Col0 James Montresor. From
April i8T to 3 Ist of July. 1759.
1759. April. Sunday. i8t The Leicester Packet, Cap'
Morris sail'd this day for England wth Cap' Stevens L'
Co1 with my plans of Fort Stanwix. Design of Os
wego. Returns of Engineers, and Cap' Gordon's
Plan and Journal and letters to Mr Boddington. Recd
a Packet from Col° Bastide and several letters for
England. Wrote & answered Colonel Bastide's letter.
Monday — 2nd. Supped at Mr Mortier.
Tuesday— 3rd Waited on the General who told Cap'
Swit that he would do him Justice in relation to the
Ground taken from him at Schenechtady by the bar
racks, also the Gen1 Shewed me Lieu' Brehm's Plan
of Ticandaroga and environs and I told him I thought
that Boats might be taken both sides into the water &
invest them round with Batterys raised on the East
side to Flank the retrenchments and that Boats might
be carried across the two necks of Land, he seem'd
to be of the same opinion. Recd letter from the Board
29th December with orders for two Engineers to join
Major Gen1 Wolf, also that they had given Col° Bas
tide leave to go home & that they granted me the
same after the campaign. Mess" Furnis, Williamson
& Garth dined with me.

66 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Wedy 4. Dined and supped at Mr Mortier's.
 5th Dined at the Glasshouse, supped at Mr
Mortier's. Gave Mr Mendez ,£117.0.4 Jersey bills to
change for me.
 6th. This morning about 10 o'clock Recd orders
from Gen1 Amherst by Cap' Darcy that if it was not
illconvenient should be glad of my Company to Phila
delphia, and to set out tomorrow very early/ accord
ingly I gave Directions to be ready.
¦  7th. Set out with the Gen1 and Col° Amherst,
Robinson, Mr Kilby with 2 Aid de Camps in his sloop
at 9 o'clock & came to Elizabeth Point by 12, drank
tea at West's. Set out at 2, came to Brunswick at
Six, and lay there.
 8th. Set out at 7. Dined at Trenton and lay
at Bristol.
April — 9"1 1759. Set out at 6 and came to Philadel
phia at 12 & lay at Mr Allen's, Chief Justice. Dined
at Mr Griffith's, Quaker where the General lodged.
 io'\ Dined with Governor Denny and went to
the assembly at night.
— — IIth. This morning it was settled that Cap'
Gordon, L' Basset & Meyer should go as Engineers
on the westward department on the Ohio Set out from
Philadelphia at 1 1 o'clock and dined at Burlington, lay
at Crosswick, thirty four miles.
Thursday— 12^ Set out at 6 o'clock, baited and
drank Tea at Cranbury 14 miles and dined at Amboy
18 at Governor Barnard. The General review'd Las-
celle's Reg', at 6 o'clock went "in Mr Kilby's sloop
ancl arriv'd at York at 5 o'clock the next morning being
Friday— 1 3th. Arrived this morning at 5 o'clock.
Went to the club at night. Recd 2 letters from Col0
Bastide & one from Mr Dies.
Saturday — 14th. Dined at Gen1 Amhersts & gave
him some minutes in writing in relation to some
things necessary to be done in my Department, which
he received & approved of. Paid Tho8 my servant
for shoes £0.16.0.

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 67
Sunday — 15* Wrote to the board dated my letter
the 1 6th ins' with the Plans of the Posts in the Com
munication to the Ohio, also my acknowledgements
for their leave to return to England. Also wrote to Mr
Boddington. Dined and supped at Mr Mortier's.
Monday — i6'.h Wrote to Mess" Dies, Williams and
Sowers. Tuesday — 17th. Went to the Levee where the Gen
eral told me that he would order Cap' Green to Que
bec which accordingly he did. Wrote to the Board of
the said Order. Gave the Gen1 a list of Tools &c
necessary to be made, and provided to which he said
he would give me an order for it. The Gen1 Wall
packet, Cap' Lestwyche sail'd this day for England
with my letters.
Wednesday 18th. Waited on the Gen1 with a list of
tools &c who told me to get the remainder & to pro
vide those we shall have occasion for. Dined at the
Lieu' Govr'8 with the Gen1 B. Prideaux &c the Gen1 told
me coming along that he would appoint some Person
to take care of the Tools, and to take some of the
best carpenters when we come up. Promis'd to give
him a Return of the Stores to morrow.
Thursday — April — 19th 1759. Waited on the Gen1
with the Proportion of Stores who gave me the re
turns he had in order to make mine by. Dined at the
Generals — Paid for shoes  £2.10. o
Friday — 20th. Cap' York came to see me from Eng
land with the stores, made out another Proportion of
Stores according to the last returns, the Gen1 sent me
and gave it to the Gen1, who told me to provide out
of hand everything, except the Forge Carts & the
Empty wool packs, which I sent to the several people,
to compleat out of hand by Mr Mendez in the after
noon. Paid for Boots  £2. 5. o
Saturday — 218'. The Highlanders review'd this
morning. Recd a letter from Gen1 Amherst, being an
order for Cap' Green to proceed to Louisbourg, to go
with Major Gen1 Wolf on the Expedition. According

68 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
sent him orders to that purpose. Recd letters from
Coll0'8 Bastide, Dies & Coll0 Eyre, Cap' York, majors
Ord, Furnis, Green, Dined & Supp'd with me.
Sunday — 2 2d. Went to Church in the morning.
Told the Gen1 that I was in hopes of getting all the
Stores ready to ship of next Saturday. Mr Brazier ar
rived here from Boston. Wrote to Mr Dies with an
enclosed. Monday — 23d The Gen1 went to Long Island to re
view Frazers Highlanders.
Tuesday — 24'!1 Went to the Levee. Gave the Gen"
a minute about the stores also a list of the Engineers
and the occasional ones. Spoke to him about their
Pay & for the stores providing. Coll° Bastide arrived
at the Levee between 1 2 and one o'clock — supped and
lay at my house.
Wednesday — 25th Went to the Glass house to Din
ner, at Cap' Green's invitation. Paid Mr Read for 2
Casks of Teneriffe wine per the hands of Mr Men
dez  j£i5-10- °
Thursday — 26th Friday — 27th Dined at the Generals
with Col0 Bastide, spoke to him about stores, he prom
ised it should be paid. Went to the Club.
Saturday — 28th. The General set out for Albany in
Mr Kilby's sloop. The 15 Guns fired from the Fort
about 4 o'clock in the afternoon for him, he told me
before he went that he had settled all the affairs for
the payment of the Stores but was not told to whom.
Sunday — 2<f} The Gen1 was still at anchor opposite
to Mr Kilby's at 6 o'clock in the evening.
Monday— 30th. Paid Mr Carpender, Butcher for
meat to this day  ^22. 15. o
May — i8' 1759. Tuesday. Paid for the Rent of my
house in the following Jersey Bills, four of each 6£
each & one of 3£ amounting to in new York Currency
,£29.5.0 — in silver 15 shillings  £30. o. o
Paid Mr Willett for both my housekeeping to this day,
Six 3 pound Jersey bills amounting in N. York Cur
rency to  £19.10. o

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 69
Wednesday — 2nd Major Ord set out for Albany but
was seen at anchor opposite to Greenwich in the
Evening, with the Sloops of the 17th Regiment. Be
gan to load our sloop with stores &c. Wrote to the
Board with my monthly Return, also a plan of the
Block-house at Fort Edward with its sections dated
May i8.' Recd a letter from the Board with Cap' Green's
leave. Thursday — 3rd Wrote to Cap' Green per Mr Adair
with a copy of the Boards letter to me about his leave.
Paid Mr Latouche for Brown Shrub &c two, three
pound Jersey Bills — j£6.io  £5. 8. 6
Friday — 4* Paid Mr Mendez on ace' of Cartage &c
in Jersey bills — two 30 shillings — 3 of one shillings
,£3.8.3. Paid Mr McEvers in Jersey Bills as follows
2 Three £ bills, one 30 shilling bill, one ten shilling
bill and i8 6 pence in Silver, the whole amounting
to  j£8.i7. o
Dined at Mr Mortier's at Greenwich. Recd Duplicates
of the letters from the Board of the 29th December and
13th January.
Saturday — 5*. Cap' James and Cap' Forster who
brought me some letters from Gibralter with some
anchovies & olives from Mr Haswell. Captain Morris
and Captain Schomberg supped with me.
Sunday — 6'.h Brig1 Prideaux, Cap' Morris dined with
me, and Cap' Schomberg with them, supped with me.
Monday — 7th Paid Gony for a wig. ... £3. o. o
And 4 months dressing wigs — at 18 shil
lings per month  4. 8. o
Paid Mr Lamb for Instruments  17. 2. 6
Paid Mr Mendez his pay to i8' May  10. 9. 3
Paid Mr Noel  "-I5- °
Paid remainder of cartage  12.0
Paid M1' Callow for two Covers  1. 2. o

£45- 8. 7
Mess" Turner, Garth, Schaack, Hawkins 
suppd with me.

70 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Tuesday — 8 Sent my Baggage on board the sloop
for Albany. The Wind proved so high at West that
we could not sail. Dined at Mr Mortier's & came back
again to my own house. Gave to pay Mr Gilchrist,
Taylor £48.0.0 — Left with my wife  j£I2fi- °- °
Wednesday — 9th. Set out in the Delancy sloop. Cap'
Vanberger from New York at 8 o'clock in the morning.
Wind at west & when under sail was hail'd by a sloop
with Cap' Darcy on board who came on board our
Sloop & gave me a letter from the Gen1 Amherst be
tween 8 and 9. Came to Anchor at Wyhock opposite
the Glass house at \ past 10 in the morning, and dined
at the Ferry house. Set sail about 4 in the afternoon
and got up as high as Dobson's ferry 5 miles above
the Younkers and there anchor'd.
Thursday — io'h Set sail at 5 in the morning. Wind
at North but shifted to South about 12. Passed Ver-
planks about 2, the wind Continuing Fresh. At 5
passed the Highlands. At sunset off the Dance Cam
ber, against the Tide, which flowed about 7 o'clock.
Friday — n'h Run all night, came to Kinderhook
about nine o'clock in the morning. Ran the sloop
aground at 12 o'clock at Hell Gate, between Quee-
man's Islands, and saw several Sloops aground in the
western Channel. We were not aground above an
hour, but got off as the Tide was rising. Passed
Staats Island at \ past 4 in the afternoon. Wind
Shifted at North and N. Wl and forc'd to come to,
anchor at Dominy Hook, 4 miles from Albany at 6
o'clock in the evening.
Saturday — T2'!1 Arrived at Albany at 8 o'clock in
the morning, waited on Gen1 Amherst who told me
that he had a design to put in Execution, the design
at Niagara, and ordered the following Engineers for
that Department viz' Lieu' Sowers from Fort Edward,
L' Williams at Fort Stanwix, Ensign Demler, Ensign
Fisher to go to Fort Stanwix. Cap' Garth to go to
Fort Edward. Lay at Captain Dow's.
Sunday — 1 3th Gave the Gen1 a proportion of Stores

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 7 1
necessary for the Western Department, also the weight
of them. Gave him also my Project on Ticonderoga.
Wrote to Co10 Eyre & Lieu' Sowers with orders to
come to Albany. Dined at Brigdr Gages, Sent from
thence by the Gen1 about the Road from Fort Stanwix
to Harkemers & brought Mr Dies to inform him. It was
settled that Mr Dies should go to the Northward as Di
recting the Carpenters & Mr Clements to the Westward.
May 14th 1759 Monday Dined at Lavenue — sent for
by the General to let me know that he would send the
stores away to the Mohock river on Wednesday morn
ing. Recd a letter from Lieutenant Williams.
Tuesday. 15th. Wrote to Lieu' Williams to proceed
with the works & to stay there till farther orders, by
Mr Phister who set out this day for F' Stanwix.
Wednesday — i6'h Sent part of the Stores in Wag
gons to Schenectady with Ensign Demler & Mr Clem
ents they went about 10 and 1 1 o'clock a.m. Waited
on the Gen1. Gave him a memorial relating to the
Engineers having Baw men. An Adjutant with a
Serj' to give out orders & have the same regard as
the officers of the Army — the Gen1 did not seem to
think it unreasonable, also represented to him, the
necessity of having a number of stores ready lodged
here to send to any Department if required. He
agreed to it, also that there was stores in the Quarter
master General's charge which he would order, to be
given to the Ordnance. Accordingly Major Mony-
penny brought me an ace' for Mr Black which I took a
copy of. The General sent to me to let me know that
he would have all the Stores & every thing go together
therefore he would have Mr Demler to give the charge
of the said stores to Mr Clements and Mr Demler to
proceed. Thursday— -17th. Wrote to my wife & Coll° Bastide
per the Post. Coll0 Amherst came to me from the
Gen1 to desire I would as soon ,as possible make a
Post at Oswego for 500 men,. in lieu of that I designed
for 1000.

72 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Friday-— 18th Carried to the General the Post for
Oswego, who approved of it and Block house for 20
men. Ordered also that the Proportion of Tools I
had made to be kept in Store at Albany when occa
sion for them Should be provided, and order'd it in
writing at the foot of it
Ordered also the additional Tools to be wrote &
put down, the rest order'd & sent to the Department
of the Mohawk River.
Order'd also 3 Posts to be made as follows
At the North East end of Oneyda Lake 50 Men
At the West end of Oneyda Lake .... 150 do
At Oswego Falls  100 do
The above Posts to be retrenchments with a Ditch
& a Block house in the Center with Flankers at
each opposite angle on which swivel Guns are to be
mounted. May — 1 8th 1759. Friday. Carried to the General
the fair Plan of Oswego with the proportion of Stores
designed for that post, also L' Sowers Instructions all
which I left with him, and approved of the whole.
He desired I would sketch Plans of the several Block
houses proposed in the Posts of the mohock river,
Lake Oneyda, and Oswego Falls for 50, 100 and 150
men. Coll° Townshend dined with us at the mess.
Saturday — 19th Made out a design of a Post for
150 men for the mohock river for Brigadier Prideaux
being a square with Place of Arms in the Center &
gave it to the General in the Evening, with a Block
house for 50 men. The Gen1 ordered me to enquire
about oxen for Oswego &c to work, and Ox chains.
The 44th Reg' march'd from hence to Schenectady,
also a Detachment of artillery with 18 pounders Iron.
Sunday — 20th. Recd a letter from my wife with a
Supplement of a newspaper. Gave L' Sowers his In
structions. Captain Stretchey, of the Artillery set out
for his Command on the mohock River.
Monday 21s'. Wrote to my wife per Coll° Morris.
Gave a return to the Gen1 of the Stores & tools,

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 7 3
Demanded, Bought & delivered to what place & what
remains in store to the 21s' May 1759. Wrote to
Lieu' Williams per Lieu' Sowers who set out for his
Department this afternoon. Mr Russell employ'd as
Adjutant to the Engineers & this day began to bring
orders, and is to have Five shillings per day.
Tuesday — 2 2d. Wrote to my wife per Mr Mendez also
to Harry, who went away this day for New York (with
Coll0 Morris) to bring up such stores as may be wanted,
per order of Gen1 Amherst. Sent a valise with a
Matrass, Quilt and pair of sheets by him.
Wednesday — 73rd- Sent for by the General, with
orders to send Mess" River and Retur to Fort Har-
kemer there to meet Mr Phister & to go back with
him to Fort Stanwix along the west side of the river
& there to make a road on the best and highest
ground avoiding the low parts cut with Rivers, and in
the mid way to find a strong Pass &c where a Block
house might be erected for the security of that road.
Accordingly Horses were pressed for their Service &
they set out. I gave them Instructions & the Gen
eral's paper for that purpose. Gave the General a
rough draught of the number of the artificers &c that
will be wanted to Execute what has been proposed at
the Lake. The 17* & 27th Regiments marched this
Day to the Northward. The Gen1 sent to me an ace'
of a letter from Brigadier Prideaux want of Tools, and
found by Sowers that there was a want of Falling axes
at Fort Stanwix, and caulking Irons which letter I
showed the General. Mess" Gually & Robinson ar
rived here.
Thursday — 24th — Recd a letter from Cap' Garth also
a letter from my wife. Wrote to my wife and to L'
Sowers about his Demand, and sent him the ace' of In
trenching tools sent to Fort Stanwix 1758. Acquainted
the Gen' what I had done in providing Broad Axes 36
at Albany and writing to New York for the 400 Fel
ling axes, which was approved of. Dined with the
General with Mr Gually & Mr Robinson. Lieu' Breme

74 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
was ordered by the General to make a Post at Cono-
joxeri on the little Falls — and set out accordingly.
Friday — 25th No Extraordinarys — Mr Mortier ar
rived who dined and supped with me.
Saturday — 26th Carried to the General the agree
ment made with the Carpenters, who altered those
parts he thought deficient with his own hand. Gave
him also the Expences for warrants & in the after
noon, I had two warrants the one for iooo,£ Sterling,
the other for i5oo£. Supped at Mr Mortier's.
Sunday — 27th Wrote to my wife, and sent it per
Post. Recd from Mr Mortier,£338.i7.5 being the bal
lance due to me out of the £ 1000 Sterling granted per
Warrant after the Stores provided at New York were
paid for, amounting to £1 375.8. 3^. The remainder
to pay the Extra Engineers & stores bought at Albany.
Monday — 28* Wrote to Mr8 Montresor & enclosed
one for Mr Mendez. The General sent to me about the
Contract of the Carpenters, and I told him they would
not go until they were paid what was due to them from
Coll° Bradstreet, on which I was sent to Coll0 Bradstreet
who told me had no money. Supped at Mortier's.
Tuesday — -29th Paid Jn° Jacob Beekman for 26
Broad axes for the Mohock River £12.9.0. Paid
J. De Peyster for Stores do £61.15.6. Paid T. Van
Scheick for Fort Edward £9.3.0. Recd from Coll" Rob
ertson by the hands of Mr Russell the Engineer Bal
lance of Provisions for 6 months amounting to ^"66.7.4
Sterling in Currency ,£113.15.0 and paid it in Mr
Hawkins' hands with his receipt. Wrote to the Board
this day on ace' of an allowance for Tents, as the
artillery. Paid Lavenue for Eating, in Gold £"1.11.10.
May 30th 1 759 — Wednesday. Mr Dies went to Schen
ectady to settle with the Carpenters of that Depart
ment to go with those to the Lake. Mr Robinson
came from York and brought me a letter from my wife
and another from Harry. Paid Mr Hawkins for the 3
Engineers. Pay from the i8' January to the 30th April
at 5 shillings per Day  ,£i54- 5- 8

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 75
To mess" Demler, Phister and River in 10 ten pound
bills and 1 1 five pound bills.
Thursday— 31st Recd letter from my wife with the
newspapers & one from Mendez. Wrote to my wife,
Coll0 Bastide & mr Mendez.
June i8' Friday. Wrote to the Board with the
Monthly return, & disposition of the Engineers. The
Artillery & 42d Reg' Highlanders marched off this day.
Signed the Articles for the 25 Carpenters with Vaness
to commence this day. Gave the General a fair plan
of Oswego to Send home, Ordered one of the block
house &c.
Saturday — 2nd Wrote to my wife and inclosed one
for Mendez per Hogan's sloop. Gave the General the
Plans of the Block house & Post on the Oneyda lake
to send home. The General told me before Brigadier
Gage that I might stay at Albany until I had left the
stores coming up in order and send up immediately
400 axes.
Sunday — 3rd Signed the Articles of agreement for
the Carpenters under Bogert, Foreman, to commence
the i8' day of June. Gen1 Amherst & his family set
out for Fort Edward this morning at 8 o'clock. Mr
Dies & the 45 carpenters went of in Batteaux with the
stores about 2. Lieu' Brehm arrived from Conojoxari.
Mr Hawkins put in arrest by Captain Martin. Supped
at Brigadier Gage's. Wrote to my wife and Harry by
Mr Robinson. Wrote also to my wife per the Post.
Monday — 4'h Paid for Rope and Lines. . . £4.11. 6
Recd a letter from Mendez, also the 400 felling axes,
Caulking Irons and paper. Gen1 Gage dined with us.
Paid on Contingent  £ 10. o. o
Tuesday — 5. Wednesday — 6th Paid La Venue for
mess  £\- 2. 3
two 2 pound bills, 2 shillings in Silver and 3 coppers.
Wrote to Mr Frederick with a plan of the attack of
Ticonderoga, also wrote to my wife by mr Pitcher, who
set out in the Sloop this day.
Thursday — 7*. Recd letters this morning from Coll0

76 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Bastide & Eyres also from my wife which I answered,
hers the same day.
June-- 8th 1759. Friday Wrote to Coll0 Eyre per
the Express. Paid La Venue to this day supper in
cluded, amounted to  £ T- 1 5- 7
Saturday— 9"1 — Paid La Venue for Dinner and
Supper amtd to  £ r- o. 6
Sunday — io'h— Recd letters from my wife, Harry &
mr Mendez and wrote to my wife per post.
Monday— \ ilh. Deliver'd to mr Mortier a Warrant
for £ 1 500 Sterling from Gen1 Amherst to provide tools
at New York. This Warrant dated the 26th day of
May 1759 at Albany. Paid Mr Cartwright ) f 6
for Paper  j * * '"
Tuesday — 12*. Settled accounts with Mr Hawkins
& the Ballance of what he owes me \s £291.1. \\ St?
Deducted for the following persons —
MrMendez'spayto the 30th June ,£12. 4. o
Mr Russell do do 31 8t May 7.15. o
Mr Batier do do 31. do 10.17. °
Sterling ^30. 16. o
Ballance ,£260.5. 1 2 Sterling  j£44fi- 3- °
Paid into mr Hawkins in bills &c  43.17. o
and Recd a note on Mr Apthorpe which I ) ,£490. o. o
endorsed to Mrs Montresor  j 
Tuesday 12th Mr Mortier gave me a bill on Mr Ap
thorpe for .£1500 Sterling for a Warrant for the same
summ. Wrote to my wife and Coll0 Bastide and sent
my letters, 2 to the Board & one to Mr Frederick
by Mr Mortier who went in a Sloop from hence about
5 o'clock in the Evening.
Wednesday — 13th. Ordered Mess" Russell & Brazier
to proceed for Fort Edward to morrow. The former
set out this afternoon.
Thursday — 14th Sent away all my Baggage with 2
Waggons for the Half moon this day. Recd a letter

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. JJ
from my wife & news paper, Answered the said letter
per post, also wrote to Mr Mortier and inclosed him
the Note for ,£1500 Sterling he gave me on Mr Ap-
thorpe, as Mr Mendez had paid for the tools and
brought the Ballance of the Sum up, which I desired
he would lodge in Mr Hawkin's hands. Paid Le Venue
,£1.13.6 for Eating &c. Paid Mr Mendez for a Hanger
,£6.18.0. June — 15* 1759. Friday — Set out from Albany at
10 o'clock with tGen' Gage, Mess" Napier, Goodin &
several other Generals, & came to Van Orman's, and
got in a whale boat & came to Half Moon and dined
at the Widows. Rained & thunder'd. Set out at 4.
Came to Still Water. Lay in the Officer's Barracks
— No rest for the Rats.
Saturday — 16th. Waited for the Escort, and did not
set out until 12 or 1, and got to Saratoga at 7. Lay
Encamp'd. Sunday — 17th Rained in the morning and set out
at 1 1 & arrived at Fort Miller between 1 and 2, where
we staid and dined with Cap' Gordon of the Royal. 2
Regiments encamp'd at the Falls— Blakenays and
Forbes. Lay there.
Monday — 18th. Set out from Fort Miller in a whale
Boat and came to Fort Edward about 12 at noon. En
camped with the Artillery on the right of Major Ord.
Recd a letter from Mr Hawkins. Thunder and Light
ning and Wind.
Tuesday — 19th — Recd 3 letters from the Board &
one from Mr Boddington. Wrote to my wife & en
closed to her Mr Boddington's and Jemmy's letters.
Dined at Best's with Garth and Dies. Wrote to Mr
Boddington. Also wrote to Mr Hawkins to send my
tent. Wednesday — 20th. Shewed the General the several
letters received from the Board, also that of my leave,
and Cap' Green's which he agreed to after the Cam
paign is over. He also told me that he would set out
for the lake to morrow, and I was to attend him. Or-

78 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
dered Mr Dies with the Albany Carpenters and 13
Waggons to be ready at Daybreak, also the Engineers
Cap' Garth and L' Retzer, at the same time. Left a
distribution of Tools for the Fort & Block houses of
Fort Edward.
Thursday — 218' Marched from Fort Edward with
Gen1 Amherst, Brigadr Gage, the 17th and 27th, 42d,
Lyman's, Whiting's, Fitch's, with some Artillery and
took post at the Lake, at four o'clock p m & En
camp'd there.
Friday — 2 2d Set out the Fort at Johnson's Camp
and marked it out roughly. The General present.
Recd letter from mrs Montresor, Bastide & Green.
Saturday — 23rd Wrote to my wife & enclosed Lucy's
2 letters & the one of my sister's Nancy Wrote to
my wife & sent to me to peruse. Corrected the Fort
laid out yesterday & had it drawn out. Several boats
with the Ennemy seen amongst the Islands & pursued
some officers that were fishing.
June — 24th 1759. Sunday. Recd 2 letters, the one
from M1' Furnis, the other from Mr Hawkins. Ordered
Mr Brazier to survey the Ground on which the Post
is to be built on, which he did, found the Angle to the
South too acute. Dined with Brigadier Page. Went
to the General in the afternoon and shewed him my
letters about the stores not coming for want of Wag
gons who ordered them to be brought up directly.
Monday — 25th. Several French boats seen about
the Islands, crossing the lake. Recd a letter from my
wife, also from Mess" Sowers and Hawkins with a re
turn of Stores wanting to be sent up to Fort Stanwix,
in lieu of those taken away.
Tuesday — 26th Wrote to Mr Hawkins with General
Amherst's order to send to Fort Stanwix the Stores
taken from thence by Lieu' Sowers pursuant to Gen1
Amherst's order. Also wrote to my wife under above
cover. Recd a Packet from Fort Stanwix Stores
&c. . .
Wednesday — 27th — Went to the General who or-

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 79
dered me to make a Proportion of Stores for Fort
Stanwix in lieu of that sent by Mr Fister accordingly
made one out to be sent to Mr Hawkins. The Gen
eral ordered 2 Posts to be Executed, one for 20 men
on the highest Bastion another for 100 men on the
Point, next the lake.
Thursday — 28th. Coll0 Eyres and I agreed upon
altering the Plan of the Fort and he also set out the
Post of Logs for 100 men at the Point. Received a
letter from Lieutenant Colquhoun.
Friday — 29th Sent a return of the Brigade of En
gineers to Colonel Townshend. Corrected the Fort
again. Recd letter from my wife & Mr Mortier, also
newspapers. Answered my wife's letter.
Saturday — 30th. The Jersey blue lime burner began
to work this day. Recd a letter from Cap' Green from
Louisburg dated the 3d of June. Gave my first Plan
of the Fort to the General. The General Wall Packet
Captain Botisor with Coir Bastide &° sailed the 25lh of
June. July, i8.' Sunday. Recd a letter from Mr Gray
Johnson acquainting me, he had drawn on me for pay
owing to him, two years ago.
Monday — 2nd Recd letters from my wife, Hawkins
and Mendez. Answered my wife's letter, but did not go.
Tuesday — July — 3rd 1759. Gave Best a permit for
6 Barrels of Rum one Barrel of Jamaica Spirits, one
Barrel of Brandy & one of Shrub for the Department
of Engineers.
Wrote to my wife, Mr Mortier and Hawkins.
Wednesday — 4th. Wrote to the Board with a Monthly
and General return dated July the Ist, also wrote a line
or two to my wife. An account brought by the Indians
that the Ennemy had numbers of Boats at the first nar
rows on the Lake. Turned out to be only Fires. Sent
all the letters per post. The General told me that he
proposed keeping me here to carry on this Work of
the Forts & that it was an essential point. Gave the
General a list of Artificers necessary for that service.

80 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Thursday — 5* July. Gave the General a Plan of
Montreal, also the list of Stores wanted at the Lake to
be brought from Albany. The General told me, that
I should have one of the Etat Major left with me under
my Command.
Friday — 6th Gave an order to the Commissary for
8 Boxes of Felling Axes & sold one box of miner's
tools — also for 3 days Provision of Fresh meat. Recd
letter from my wife & newspapers & the ace' of Stores
sent to Fort Stanwix, answered my wife's letter &
gave it to mr Furnis to enclose in his packet to Haw
kins. Saturday — 7th. Wrote to my wife & to Mr Mendez
ordering him up with the Stores at Albany — also wrote
to Mr Hawkins & sent him the Proportion of Stores
wanted here at Lake George, enclosed to mr Hawkins.
Gave the Waggoners a pass to go to Albany. The
General told me that he wanted a list of all the Arti
ficers & the Regiments they belong to given in to mor
row in order to have them kept here, also that he
would leave 50 rounds of Ammunition for every thing.
The Radeau begun this day.
Sunday — 8'.h Wrote to Mr Hawkins and inclosed it
to Volkert Dow being the account of the time, his two
Waggons were employed the one from the i8' day of
June to the 11th July included being 41 days at ten
shillings per day  <£2°- 1°- o
The other from the day we set out being the 15th of
June to the above time 27 days at ten shillings per
day  £"12.10. o
The Waggoners set out this day. Gave the General
the names of those Artificers employed, to be kept *¦
here. July 9th 1759 Monday. Recd a letter from my wife,
another from nv Hawkins & Mendez. The General
sent to me to know if I had made choice of a Field
officer to be here, and by Major Moneypenny sent
word to the General that if he pleased I would chuse
Major Durky of the Provincials.

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 8 1
July 10. Tuesday. Wrote to my wife, Mr Hawkins
and Cap' Coventry about seeds. The General told us
that he had an account from Oswego that Brigadier
Prideaux was sail'd for Niagara and that L' Sowers,
Engineer was wounded in the woods by a Party of the
Ennemy. Wednesday — n'h Wrote to my wife & mr Hawkins,
to Cap' Stirling & Mr Man store-keeper about the
Forges & Stores at Fort Edward. The above letter
did not go.
Thursday — 12th. A Party went out on the Lake with
an 1 8 Pounder in a Boat, & fell in with the Ennemy
beyond the i8' Island & fir'd at them. We had a Ser
jeant killed and one or two wounded. The Ennemy
remained and the Party came in at night.
Friday — 13th. Recd a letter from my wife, Mess"
Hawkins and Coventry and one newspaper.
Saturday — 14th Wrote to Mr Mortier with bills drawn
on him for .£350 New York Currency, also wrote to
Mr Hawkins. & wife. Paid into Ensign Gray's hands
of the 42d Reg' 25o£ currency to pay the several Arti
ficers employed on the Posts & at Fort Edward under
Colonel Eyre.
Sunday— 1 5th Recd from General Amherst my In
structions for to take the Command at this post, to see
that the Fort be built with all Dispatch. He also en
closed to me Major Durgies Instructions for his remain
ing here with me. Dined with him on a Turtle.
Monday 16th Recd letter from my wife & one from
Captain Bontein from Anapolis. (Nova Scotia). Wrote
to my wife.
Tuesday — 1 7th. Wrote to my wife. Paid into
Mr Dies' hands to pay the Sawyers in bills New
York  £25. o. o
Recd a letter from Mr Sowers from Oswego with an
account of 1500 of the Ennemy attacking their Re
trenchment the 6th and 7th of July but were repulsed
both times & he shot through the head in the action
on which Ensign River was ordered there immediately
6

82 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
to assist him in the work. Wrote to Captain Sowers
by Mr River, who set out this day. A Flag of truce
came in by water.
July — 18th 1759. Wednesday. Wrote to my wife.
This day the General ordered that all the whale Boats
and Batoes should be put in the East creek, and se
cured by a Serjeant and 12 men at the Post, day &
night, and a corporal and 6 men night guard only at
the little Post, above the swamp to the East of the Fort
building. Small ditch to be dug round the Garden,
the Earth to be thrown up in the Inside and fall (en
Glacis) to the Ditch.
Thursday — 19th Paid to mr Dies, for paying sundry
artificers &c £25. Recd a letter from Mr Hawkins
recommending Mess" Ogelvie and Neufville from Car
olina. Drawn on Mr Mortier in favour of Best for £ 100
New York currency. Recd letters from my wife and
newspapers. Recd from Mr Best only £10. Seventy
of it was taken out of the Debts due to him by the
mess, which they are to account with me for.
Friday — 20th Paid Mr Russell to pay ye works ,£25. 8.0
The General told me that he would go to morrow for
the Lake. To Mr Retzer ,£24. 12.0 being his ballance
of ,£55.4.0 for his pay to the Is' of August and re
turned him his receipt for £10.17.0 Sterling from
Hawkins on my account, and ,£12 for his messing.
From Ferguson drew for ,£320.
Saturday 21s.' The General beat this morning at 2
and the tents were struck at 3 and by 4 the remainder
of the artillery & regiments began to Embark & were
all Embarked by 10. The General staid till all was
Embarked Except some artillery stores which did not
go off till  . Got from Forsyth on bill £413.17.0.
Two mortars sunk and some Powder.
Sunday — 2 2n.d Order'd every man to be under arms
at 12 o'clock. The boats to be calked. Platform
made for the mortars to be got up, but left one behind
in the Water, and went away with one & a sling cart
carriage some fix't ammunition and cartridges. They

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 83
got off with Cap* Hill's company in the Evening.
Came in the Evening 5 companies of Provincials viz'
Cap' Ruggles of Whiting's, Cap' Wilmot, Cap1 Sam
uel Whiting, Cap' Fellows of Willards, Cap' Ferris
of Worster's consisting of 260 men. I ordered the
following one at the wharf, at the Post next East
Creek. Corporal night Post Camp Guard and a
Picket with 144 men for work the next day.
Monday — 23rd Wrote to General Amherst & sent it
by Serjeant Wells of the Rangers who set out about
3 o'clock. The Post came in about 6, sent him off
directly. I had no letters by it. This day Gave orders
for the Alarm Post, & to fix the hours of work. Mr
Mendez came in with the Stores from Albany.
Tuesday — 24th July 1759. Paid mr Mendez ^50 to
pay the Workmen. Mr Furnis set out for Fort Ed
ward at 4 this afternoon.
Wednesday — 25th This morning at 5 o'clock received
an Express by letter from the General acquainting
me, that he had taken possession of the French lines
before Ticonderoga the 23rd and had Established his
camp near the place but under cover, Except Ricochet
shot & shells, that he sent 20 wounded men to the
Hospital & that Ensign Harrison of Forbes was killed,
that he sent the New Hampshire Regim' to Oswego
& desired me to forward them with all dispatch. I
wrote to my wife & acquainted her of this, enclosed
in a letter to Mr Hawkins, also wrote to Mr Furnis by
the Express which left this place at 6 in the morning.
Went out with m' Dies and Vaness to visit the West
Creek for a place for a saw mill & pitched & ordered
one to be built, with a log house for a Serjeant & 12
men. About 4 o'clock this afternoon a Batteaux came
back with 5 Scalps in it, which had been killed by
some Indians 10 miles to the West. On which I wrote
a letter to the General acquainting him of it & that I
had sent Captain Reed & 26 Provincials and given
Ammunition to the Waggoners who were going at the
same time in the great boat with 70 horses. Also

84 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
acquainted him of the Receipt of his letter. That
m' Furnis, was gone & the 20 wounded men come in
the hospital. The sick cleared to Fort Edward. New
Hampshire Reg' with L' Small of the 4211 came in from
Ticonderoga. Thursday— 26^ Wrote to Cap' Sterling & Mr Mure
about the 50 felling axes & to send up the Smith's
forge &c. The New Hampshire reg' set out this morn
ing for Oswego. Recd a letter from my wife.
Friday — 27"1 This morning recd 3 letters from Coll0
Amherst, in relation to sending Iron work for a saw
mill. The deserter & Coll0 Townshend's Corps which
I directed to be recd by a Cap' & 2 Subalterns & 50
men at the water side, & put the corps in a Waggon
cover'd with Boughs & marched half the party in front,
the rest in the rear, the parsons & Commanding officer
of corps march'd with it to the foot of the Hill. Wrote
the officer of Half-way brook & Fort Edward to con
vey the Corps with all possible speed, paid mr Mendez
to pay the Carpenters  ,£96. o. o
Wrote to the officers of the several Posts to forward
Coll° Townshends corps to Albany also forwarded 2
French prisoners.
Saturday — 28th July — 1759. At 3 o'clock this
morning Coll0 Amherst and L' Skinner of the Artil
lery came to my Tent with the news of Ticonderoga
being in our possession, the Ennemy having evacuated
it and blew their magazine up in the Bastion, they
both are designed for England & set out from hence
at 6 o'clock. Some time after a number of boats came
in from the army for Provisions, also came in 20 de
serters which I forwarded thru. Wrote to the Board
by Coll0 Amherst with an account of the Evacuation of
Ticonderoga, setting fire and going away. Also from
Oswego and Niagara and L' Sower Shot in the Head,
but not dangerously and L' Williams at Niagara shot
into the head and lost one of his eyes. Wrote to my
wife an account. Twenty deserters came in with a
Detachment of an hundred Batteaux for Provisions &

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 85
went away in the Evening. We celebrated the taking
of Ticonderoga by making bonfires on the highest part
of the Camp and giving the workmen one Gill of Rum
apiece. Sunday — 29th — The Post came in from the Lakes.
Wrote a few lines to my wife & sent it by him. Recd
a letter from Coll0 Eyres & one from L' Rose with his
Fishing net. Sent Caesar to the Fort Guard for at
tempting to run away.
Monday — 30th Between 12 and 1 this morning I
was awaked by Brigadr Gen1 Gage who came from Ty-
conderoga & was going to Oswego. As Brigadr Gen1
Prideaux was killed by one of our Cohorn Mortars,
He brought me 2 letters from Coll° Robertson & one
from Cap' Abercromby who gave me that ace'. He
staid & breakfasted & dined with me, with Mr Fenton,
L' Beckhouse & Nason going to England they sat
out for Fort Edward about 4pm with an Escort of
one officer & 20 men. Recd letters from Mr Furnis
with another from my wife & enclosd one from L' Sow
ers. Recd an ace' of Stores wanting to be sent to
Fort Stanwix from him. By the same ace' that brought
the news of Brigadr Prideaux' death bro' also that of
Coll0 Johnson being killed & that Williams, Engineer,
had his eye shot out & was in a dangerous way, 2
officers of the 44* wounded & that they were not
above 200 yards from the Fort. Confined 2 men of
the Light Infantry for Robbery & put them in the
Fort. July — 31s' 1759 Tuesday — Confined Conrad Sharp,
sutler for harbouring the above prisoners and having
money found about him belonging to the person
robbed. Ordered Major Ducher to put the Iron on the leg
of the deserter. Wrote to Coll0 Robertson 2 letters,
on account of his brewing per Serjeant Curie. Wrote
to Coll° Eyre by Mr Brazier. Wrote to the General
by Mr Brazier on the Persons I had confined for Rob
bery on Col° Robertson's brewery sent away this day.

86 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
On the distress of the works. Mr Brazier went away
from hence at 2 o'clock p m. Released the sutler at
night on account, his tent being exposed to the camp.

V.
Journal (N° 5) of Col. James Montresor From
August ist to 31s1" of December 1759.
1759. August Is.' Wednesday. Recd a letter from
Cap' Garth from Tyanderoga by the Express and sent
by him a letter to my wife with one enclosed for Harry.
Also wrote to Mr Furnis. Ordered every man of Duty
to be employed in the King's works. A survey of
Provisions to be by Major Durkey, Cap' Hastings,
Lieu' Retzer and Fitch and Mr Dies, which was done.
Thursday — 2nd Paid Mr Mendez on account £ 1 7 1.0.0
Major Gordon Graham came in here about 12 o'clock,
& brought the news that the Ennemy had blowed up
& Evacuated Crown Point & that he was going to take
the Command of the 2d Battalion of the 42d which he
should find at Saratoga, and march'd them to convoy
Stores, Artillery and provisions to Oswego. Recd a
letter from General Amherst dated August the 1st, also
another from Lieu' Rose 55'!* The two Carolina Gen
tlemen came from Tiandaroga.
Friday — 3rd Recd a letter from Cap' Prescot con
cerning George Hicks sending him thr° the Posts to
New York, Also recd a letter from my wife. The Ex
press came in from Albany with an Ace' of the taking
of Niagara with 600 Prisoners. Sent George Hicks
with a serjean' & 6 men to the next Post. Recd a letter
from the General at 10 at night with orders for the
several commanding officers in the communication and
Albany. Sent in Express in half an hour after, and
wrote for tools at York and Albany. Lieu' Moncrief

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 87
came Express from Niagara & brought me a letter
from Mr Sowers, also saw the Plank sent to the Gen
eral, a pentagon & square. He came in about 12 &
went at 1 in the morning.
Saturday — 4th Wrote to the General with Mr Sower's
letter, forgot also that he wrote to me, with a Propor
tion of Carpenters tools &c sent with Mr Mendez.
Recd an Express from Albany that came from Boston
with an ace' of Gen1 Wolfe's landing the 5* July, 5
miles from Quebec. Sent it off at half past 1 1 in the
morning. The General marched to Crown Point this
day, with the Grenadiers, light Infantry, Rangers &
all the Regulars. Schuylers, Ruggles, Fitch's, Bab-
cock's march to-morrow.
Sunday — 5th Gave orders for seizing of Rum in the
Camp & to put it in the king's Commissary's magazine,
which was done.
August — 6th 1759. Monday. Wrote to the Board
with monthly return and Copy of Gen1 Amherst's letter
to me for keeping me at Lake George, with some short
abstract of the success we have had. Also wrote to
Mr Frederick with an ace' of the whole, and gave them
to Cap' Prescot who was going Express for England
and set out from hence this Evening at 6 o'clock. Also
gave him a letter to my wife of this day's date. Rec''
a letter from the General dated yesterday. Paid the
Express on his receipt which he should have carried
to Mr Mortier  j£5- o. o
Tuesday — 7th Recd letters from my wife, from Mess"
Furnis & Hawkins with one from Goldfrass and Synes
about shoes for Coll0 Robertson. Wrote to Mr Haw
kins and enclosed Sower's letter & stores he de
manded. Sent by a Serjeant going Express to Os
wego. Wrote to Coll° Robertson about his shoes.
Wednesday— -8th To am' paid Mr Dies to pay the
carpenters in part of their pay 14 recd£s— 7 recd 10
shs*_8 recd,£8. 1 recd 3£. i.s 1 d— in all/ 160.0.0 Gave
an order for Seven cows or oxen belonging to Mich1
Denecher to go on board the large Boat. Sent my

<i

88 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
letter dated yesterday to the Gen1 with the Papers Re
lating to the rum seized and the Court martial, also
sent the letter to Coll0 Robertson. Recd a letter from
Coll0 Express.
Thursday — 9"1 Recd a letter from Coll° Whiting
dated Aug' 4 and answered it by a Surgeon going to the
Army Mr Ball with a letter to Mr Appy. An Express
set out from hence to Gen1 Wolf, by the way of Boston
and up some of the rivers, that runs into the River S'
Lawrence. Sent Coll0 Whiting a Grindstone.
Friday — -io'h Recd 2 letters from the General the
one relating to the sending the detachments from this
Post and Half way brook & from that to Fort Edward,
also another letter from the General about approving
my seizing the Rum and to put the sentence of the
Court martial in Execution and to send up 2 deserters
of Gage's, also a letter from Coll" Robertson with di
rections to send 3 Barrells of molasses as soon as they
arrive. Wrote to my wife by the Express to Albany.
Sent the two deserters of Gages viz' Fielding and
Philips to the Army per General Amherst's orders
under the care of an Officer and Seven rangers.
August — 11th — 1759. Saturday. An Express came
in this morning at 7 o'clock with 2 Baggs sealed for
the General, with a paper from L' Coventry acquaint
ing the Posts that the Packet from England came in
to York last Tuesday the 7th Instant. About an hour
after came an Express from Boston with letters from
Gen1 Wolf that he landed with his Army without the
loss of a man & that the 14th of July his Batterys were
rais'd against Quebec. Recd a letter from Gen1 Am
herst by Lieu' Rose to send up 8, 4 pounders from
hence with their carriages & to send to Fort Edward for
six, 6 pounders & that he had sent a man of the Artil
lery for that purpose. Accordingly I sent the Artillery
man to Fort Edward with a letter to Cap' Sterling and
another to Cap' Schuyler, for carriages for the Guns.
Sent also per Express the letter for Brigadr Gage &
another to Mr Leake.

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 89
Sunday — 12th. Delivered to Lieu' Rose several
Stores demanded viz' Rope, Iron, Steel, Sledges,
Hammers, Ironcrows, Oakum, Pitch. Wrote to the
General about several things & sent my letter by
Lieu' Rose, who went off at 9 o'clock this morning.
Recd a letter from Mr Appy — about 8 o'clock at night
Cap' Christie arrived here with Dispatches for Gen1
Amherst from England. He brought me a letter from
Willyams from Albany, and set out in a whale boat for
Crown point about ten at night.
Monday — 13th Recd 2 letters from the Board of the
3 18' of March & 24th of April with the new Establish
ment of Engineers, from Mr Boddington with my ac
counts to the September quarter received & a Bal
lance in my favour of £90.0.6, also a memorandum
from Mr Suilly of his having bought to September
12th 1758 ,£800 New South Sea Annuities. Wrote to
my wife & sent her enclosed the letters she sent me of
Lucys two, and one from Cap' Fleming. Recd a let
ter from Gen1 Amherst for 100 Sledges, 100 Wedges,
60 crows of Iron and to write to Coventry for him to
get them up, which I did this day per Express. The
six, 6 pounders from Fort Edward came in here near
Eight o'clock at night.
Tuesday — 14th Recd 2 letters from Major Mony-
penny the one to send James Watkins, deserter try'd
at Crown point and punish'd to be forwarded to Fort
Edward to do his duty also to send down to Albany 5
women sent away from the Camp & to suffer none to
come up and to send this order to all the Posts & let
none remain here but what belongs to the Garrison.
The women are 4 from the 17th and one from the
Highlanders. Recd also a letter from Colonel Whit
ing. Wednesday — 15th. The Post came in & brought
me no letters from Crown point. Wrote 2 letters to
Gen1 Amherst, the one with Coppys of the Boards let
ters, Printed order relating to the new Establishment
& list of Engineers, the other letter with an account of

90 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Stores wanted, and what had been bespoke. Wrote
Coll° Eyres and Major Monypenny, Sent the first a
printed copy. The whole was sent by Mendez who
went with the Post at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. Post
came in from Albany brought me only one letter from
Cap' Johnstone of the 46"1 from Oswego.
August — i6'h — Last night Major Christie came
from Crown point where he had carried his dispatches
from England to the General & showed me his cre
dentials from Gen1 Amherst to be Deputy Quarter
Master Gen1 with Rank of Major & was going to join
Brigadr Gen1 Gage's army. He set out from hence as
soon as it was light to act as such. Mr Russell with
Mr Shaw came from the other side of the lake with let
ters from Coll0 Eyres & Mr Gray & orders from the
General to procure Smith's tools and several others
from the posts, as far as Albany and forward them up.
Friday — 17th Put up an assortment of tools for Mr
Russell's ace' for Crown Point & gave Mr Russell
some Instructions in order to get them from the Posts
and Albany. Wrote to my wife, Mess" Mortier and
Hawkins by Mr Russell who set out at one o'clock.
Coll0 Bradstreet came in here about 4 o'clock, staid
half an hour & went to Saratoga, on my horse. Recd
a letter from the General with an order to provide the
tools. Answered the General's letter and sent him
the tools, I sent by the Batoe this day.
Saturday — 18th Recd a letter this morning from L'
Brehm with an ace' of Stores, marked by the General
to be sent him. Wrote to the Gen1 with the list of
Stores sent Lieut Brehm also sent a letter to L4 Brehm
per Express that brought a Box for the General.
Cap' Campbell of Highlanders came here from Crown
point going to Fort Edward for his health. Wrote
to Lieu' Coventry & enclosed letter for New York
for the several Tradesmen for furnishing the propor
tion of Stores, directed to Goelet and Curtenies in
which was a letter for my wife, sent per Express at
Seven o'clock at night. 

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 91
August— 19th 1759. Sunday— Post from Fort Ed
ward brought letters none for me, some for the Gen
eral. Was forced to send them by the sloop, no Batoes
&? Wrote to Mr Appy about it. About 9 o'clock recd
a letter from the Carrying place with an order from
Mr Monypenny an order to send a Pox'd woman to
Fort Edward, at the same time. Description of a De
serter, another woman came & run way ; sent to
have them Confin'd by Flinn which accordingly did.
Monday — 20th Lieu' Meredith of the Light Infantry
passed here from Crown point to Albany in search of
deserters. The deserter & the Pox'd woman with an
other was sent down with a file of men to Fort Ed
ward. Lieu' Muir of the Artillery came in here from
the Lake about one o'clock & brought me a letter from
the Gen1 in regard to some 18 and 9 Pounders to be
taken from Fort Edward & Fort Miller, & brought up
here which I am to forward down the Lake.
Tuesday — 218' Recd a note in the Night from a Clerk
in the Secretary's office that the Box & letter was recd
and that the General would answer my letter per next
occasion. Recd per the Post 3 letters, one from my
wife & from Mess" Russell & Schuyler. Wrote to
Lieu' Gray of the 42nd Reg! Set fire to the Brick Kiln.
Wrote to my wife, Mr Russell & Hawkins.
Wednesday — 22nd Recd 2 letters from the Crown
point, one from Coll0 Robertson about the Shoes &
molasses, the other from Mr Appy about the Convey
ance for Expresses. Wrote to the General about the
French taken up at the Falls near Fort Edward come
from Niagara. Paid Mr Mendez to pay 2 Albany Car
penters discharged  $172. Am'g to ^£68.16. o
Wrote to my wife, inclosed to Mr Hawkins. Wrote to
Coll° Robertson per Express about the molasses &
Shoes. Wrote to Cap' Schuyler about the Teamsters.
Cap' Clegg of the Artillery came from Crown point &
shewed me the General's order to take the Cannon
from New York & Carry it to Albany and gave him
my letters.

92 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Thursday — 23d Cap' Clegg set out, and took the
above letters to Albany. Recd a letter from Major
Gordon for Corporal Sim's wife to go to the Regi
ment. Friday — 24th Recd a letter from Coll° Darby to send
him two Cows belonging to him.
Saturday — 25th August — 1759. Wrote to the Gen
eral in answer to his receivd this morning on several
subjects. Sent ye list of Drafts. Wrote to Coll0 Rob
ertson, Sent per the Express, went off from hence at
1 1 in the morning. Wrote to Cap' Stirling, sent him
inclosed the General's letter. The Draughts put on
board, the sloop mutinied which occasioned my send
ing a Captain & 20 men to take the ring leaders & put
them in a Batoe to keep with the sloop and deliver to
the Commanding officer at the landing place. Wrote
a letter to the General and Another to Coll° Willard
about it. Recd a letter from my wife with the news
papers. Sunday — 26th. Recd in the Evening a letter from the
4 mile Post on taking four French deserters there.
Wrote to the General accordingly. '
Monday — 27th. Recd a letter from Mr Stephens by
Mr Russell with a list of the tools bought of De Peyster
& an ace' of the Turtle my wife sent me. At the Even
ing the Turtle came with the Tools Mr Russell brought
from Albany.
Tuesday — 28th. Wrote to Mr Stephen's storekeeper
being at Albany. A letter with one inclosed for my
wife. Wrote to Cap' Somers with a Copy of the Board's
letter in relation to not sending proper Returns. Also
a printed paper for the new Establishment of Engineers
with the list inclosed to Mr Van Schaick, who was to
set out to Oswego. Recd a letter from my wife with
a newspaper, also 2 letters from Mr Hawkins with an
ace' of Stores sent from New York. Also Recd a let
ter from Clements from Oswego & one from Williams
Engineer. Wrote to my wife again.
August 29th Wednesday. Recd 3 letters from Gen1

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 93
Amherst, 2 on Sundry affairs & one for 24 Grindstones.
Sent per the Express the letters wrote & mentioned
yesterday. Davis, Contracted Carpenter paid off &
discharged this day. Mr Russell Set out this after
noon and wrote a letter to Hawkins by him.
Thursday • — 30. Major Durky came to me this morn
ing to acquaint me, that he had put Cap' Hastings in ar
rest for refusing to go on the working party's & making
use of Expressions tending to encourage the people
from working. Wrote to the General about it also sent
him the list of tools sent up. Wrote to Coll° Eyres &
Grrth with the Establishment list of Engineers, Copy
of letters from the Board & to Coll° Darby, Worster &
Major Gordon, also to Coll0 Robertson. Mr Russell
came here from Saratoga and left the Stores to follow.
Friday — 31s' August — 1759. Staples deserted from
the New Hampshire Reg' & taken, deserted again,
out of the Fort this morning before it was light. Recd
letters from my wife, Mr Mortier, with a newspaper
enclosed & a letter from Hawkins. Wrote to Major
Monypenny about 2 women that went yesterday and
about the deserter. Recd a letter from Gen1 Amherst
in relation to sending some Oxen & sheep of General
Lyman's after the King's in the big Boat. Rained all
Day & no Work.
September i8'- — 1759 Saturday. Recd a letter from
Major Monnypenny about the Returns, he sent me a
form, also a letter to the Commanding officer in the
Posts to the same purpose, which I sent down by Burts
the Express. Also sent down a Description of the
deserter of the New Hampshire Reg1 which made his
Escape out of the Fort by an Officer of Gen1 Lyman's
going in quest of deserters. Wrote to my wife en
closed it in Mr Hawkins letter, also to Lieu' Coventry
by La Venue. Wrote to mr Appy per the Express from
Schenectady. Wrote to the General with a list of the
tools & stores, sent to Crown Point by mr Russell, who
went in the Sloop at 6 o'clock in the evening. Wrote
to Captain Rycant.

94 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Sunday — 2nd. The Albany Carpenters Complained
at their wanting provisions, the Rations not being
sufficient. An Express came from Schenectady from
Major Christie to be forwarded to Crown point with
all dispatch. Also another with only a permit to Gen1
Amherst & back again. Confined Bogert with his
Carpenters for refusing to Work & released them again
in the Evening at Mr Dies request.
Monday — 3rd. Mustered all the Artificers and found
besides the contracted Carpenters 199 and the Con
tracted Carpenters 39 — Total 238. Came in this day 24
Sledges, 24 large hammers with a large Box of Black
smith's tools, Appointed Lieu' Russell of Babcocks
Reg' to be overseer of the Carpenters in Gen
eral. Settled with Mr Newton for the Warrant I
received for £1000 and received the Ballance amount
ing to  j£630. 13. 8
Recd also for the note I paid the Express [
in lieu of Mr Mortier  j 5- °- °
Recd a letter from Mr Appy. Recd a letter from my
wife with an enclosed from Coll° Bastide, also letters
from Hawkins & Williams. Wrote to Mr Mortier by
Mr Newton. Wrote to Major Monnypenny with an
inclosed monthly return by L' Small and Meredith,
who set out with the Post, about 10 pm. Recd a letter
from Cap' Sowers with a demand of Stores.
Tuesday — 4th. Wrote to my wife & enclosed it in Mr
Hawkins letter to whom I had sent a list of Stores to
be sent to Oswego. Wrote to the General & sent
him inclosed Cap' Sowers letter with his demand of
Stores with the list of those I thought immediately
necessary. Wrote to Coll0 Eyre, Recd a letter from
Col0 Eyre after.
Wednesday— 5'h Recd a letter from the General with
an order for Stores, also Recd letters from Coll° Eyre,
Coll° Robertson, Mr Napier, Mr Bazier with a Sketch
of Crown Point. Wrote to Coll0 Eyre in answer to 2
letters. Wrote to Coll0 Robertson, Mr Napier & Bra
zier and sent them with the General's letter I wrote

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 95
yesterday, also with Stores for Crown Point. Mr
Mendez brought me the said letters on the other side.
Thursday — 6th. An Express came from Brigr G
Gage at 6-pm & forwarded.
Friday — 7th. Mr Russell came in this morning at 3
o'clock with a letter from the General enclosing a list
of Stores for Oswego, also some ace' to be given about
the masons & finishing the Works. Dispatched Mr
Russell about 9 o'clock for Albany with a letter to Mr
Hawkins. Recd 3 French Prisoners & sent them for
ward. An Express came in from Boston, the news
not favourable about Gen1 Wolf Sent to the General my
letter about the works also about Mr Russell & 2 lists
of Stores sent for Crown point. Paid Mr Mendez to
pay Sundrys ^£ 126.0.0. The Post came in & brought
me a letter from my wife & newspaper. Letter from
Mr Hawkins with an ace' of Stores being sent to Half-
moon & others arrived. Letter from L' Coventry
about some he sent viz' Crows, Sledges, Wedges.
Rained all night.
Saturday — 8th. Recd a letter from the Gen1 in relat
ing to Cap' Sower's Stores & leave for Cap' L'
Williams to go to New York, also a letter from Mr
Appy with a permit for La Venue as a Sutler & a let
ter from Coll0 Robertson & a note from Cap' Cameron.
Wrote to my wife & to Cap' L' Williams in whose let
ter I inclosed the former. Rained all day very hard.
No work.
Sunday— September 9th 1759. Sent Wyhasser,
Prisoner on complaint of Hyera Baker for defrauding
him, they made it up and Released him. To Mr Men
dez to pay the works  ,£252- °- °
Recd a letter from the General by Cap' Wheelock be
ing an order to send Cap' Hastings to Gen1 Lyman in
order to be tryed by a General Court martial for re
fusing to go with the Working party. Cap' Wheelock
was going to New York with an order from the Gen
eral to take care of the French Prisoners and he was
to set out at 2 in the morning, Monday.

96 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Monday— 10th Recd a letter from General Amherst
with an approbation of my proposal in finishing the
Citadel, Bastion Powder Magazine &c & Barracks for
1 50 men. Wrote to the General in answer to that I
recd in relation to the Court martial for Cap' Hastings.
Wrote to General Lyman Coll° Robertson & Mr Appy
but could not send them this day.
Tuesday—Y 1* Recd letters from my wife Mr Mortier
with a box of Snuff and Mr Russell with an Invoyce
of Stores, also list of stores sent up to Oswego. Wrote
a letter to the General in answer to his approving
what I mentioned could be finished here in regard to
the works & for Lieu' Retzer's leave to go down
which I gave to the adjutant who went with Cap' Has
tings to Crown Point with the other letters mentioned
the io'h instant.
Wednesday — 12th. Wrote to my wife, and Sent her
enclosed Mortiers letter per the Post. Came in the
nails, 48 Casts & Iron Crows. Mr Russell arrived
with an ace' that the rest of the Stores were coming.
Thursday — 13"1 Began on the east flank of the Bas
tion Ten feet to raise in the afternoon.
Friday — 14th Recd letter from my wife and the news
papers. Saturday — 15th. Wrote to my wife & Cap' Williams
Engineer & gave the letters to Lieu' Retzer. Recd a
letter from the General on ace' of the Stone masons
& sent by his order L' Pickering & 30 that night.
Governor Glenn arrived here, supped with us & Staid
all night. Wrote to the General. Paid Mr Mendez,
to pay the works  j£2 52. o. o
September — i6'h Sunday. Governor Glenn set out
from here about 10 o clock am. also Lieu' Retzer by
the Generals leave to Albany, being sick. Discharged
2 of the Albany contracted Carpenters viz' Bogert and
Son — Paid off.
September 17th 1759. Monday. Rain not possible to
work. About 10 o'clock this morning Cap' Redfield
came to me & brought me the Copy of the Court mar-

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 97
tial, on Cap' Hastings who was try'd for refusing to go
on the working party, whose sentence was, broke
with disgrace,. and to be sent from Post to Post, as he
is not to stay where any post of the Army is. Accord
ingly I sent him away to the next Post as soon as I
had got the Papers copyed concerning him. Cap'
Gle.gg arrived here from Albany.
Tuesday — i8'.h Cap' Glegg & Mr Russell went with
the Express boat in the afternoon to the landing place.
Recd a letter from the officer commanding at Fort
Hunter about repairs there. Put part of the Stores
on board the Sloop.
Wednesday — 19*. Recd a letter from the General in
regard of sending men that were not masons with the
report from the Lieut, also Recd a letter from Coll°
Eyres with a Sketch of the works at Crown Point.
Wrote 2 letters to the General, one with the Propor
tion of Stores, the other in answer to the masons, sent
with a certificate about them signed by L' Boffy and
the Master Mason. Also answered Coll0 Eyre's let
ter & sent them by Mr Dies who left this place at 2
o'clock in the afternoon with a fair wind. Cap' Ster
ling & Dr Barr came from Fort Edward & dined with
us. Finished the Saw mill & began to saw.
Thursday — 20"1 Began to set the Carpenters saw
ing & squaring for the Bastions. Eight mohock In
dians came in from Fort Hunter to go to the army.
I ordered them 2 days fresh Provisions & Bread.
Recd a letter from Major West, by a Party of the 55*
going to Fort Edward to fetch some Necessarys.
Friday — 21s' Cap' Hay, L' Graham & the rest of
the Quarter Masters of the several Regt8 came in here
at one o'clock this morning in order to provide winter
necessarys for their respective Regiments & went to
Albany at 7 o'clock. Recd a letter from Cap' Morris
by his servant. Recd a letter from my wife with the
newspapers. Saturday — 22nd. Recd a letter from the General this
morning by four men come here to shift powder, mend
7

98 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
harness & dive for the Ten Inch mortar, and others
going to the posts below for six arid three Pounders
with their shott.
September — 2 2d 1759. Saturday. Recd a letter
from Mr Appy to send him his bedstead. Wrote to
my wife by the Post. Wrote to the General by the
carpenter who went with the Indians. Wrote to Major
Monnypenny by the Serjeant of the 17th who went with
the Drafts. Began the Powder Magazine with two
Masons. Sunday — 23rd Finished the piece of the Flank be
gan last Thursday sevenight at noon, and began the
North flank after dinner. Wrote to Major West &
Cap' Morris & sent his box by his Bawman.
Monday 24th Recd a letter from the General, an- '
swered it by Jeffrey Cowper & sent 2 coils of rope &
Mr Appy's bedstead and Curtins with a letter to him.
Recd a letter from my wife also from Cap' Green en
closed in Mr Stevens per the Post.
Tuesday — 25th Jacob Bogert, Foreman of the con
tracted carpenters discharged this day with an allow
ance of 4 days going to Albany his accounts for 121
days amtg to  .£72. 1 2 . o —
Gave him a certificate for the said sum.
Wednesday — 26th Wrote to my wife per the Post.
Ordered Mary Jackson and Hannah Webb from Camp.
Also ordered a Court martial on Paul Bergier for
breaking out of the Fort & cutting a woman. Also
one upon Waterman for abusing Cap' Fulsom. The
sentence was that Waterman should beg Fulsom's
pardon & that Paul Bergier to receive 500 lashes. In
the afternoon 4 or 5 regular masons refused to work,
and came to my tent in a mutinous manner on which I
sent them to the Fort Guard & augmented that Guard
with one Captain and ten men.
Thursday— 2?* Mr Dies came from Crown point
about 5 pm & brought me a letter from the General
in relation to seamen to be got here & from the posts.
Took a deserter which they took up on the Side of

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 99
the Lake, and went off from hence & caught below
Bloody Pond.
Friday — 28th Sent Major Durky to the posts to
make an enquiry about Sailors. Recd a letter from
Cap' Sterling by the 1 2 men he sent for Sailors to go
to Crown point.
Saturday — 29th Wrote to the General in answer to
his of the 24th. also to that of the 26th, and also send
ing him a list of the Sailors that went with Lieu' Beebe
with whom I sent the Deserter of the 17* Reg'. Sent
the above letters by Mr Wilson who I referr'd the
General to on ace' of the Provisions bringing up here
to go over the lake. Sent the 21 Sailors off with the
Deserter under the charge of Lieu' Beebe which sailed
for Ticanderoga about 3 o'clock in the afternoon.
Recd letters from my Wife, Furnis, Williams with
newspapers. About 5 in the afternoon fell down back
wards, down a hill going to the Saw Mill having over
looked that there was no hand rail & strained myself
and hurt in such a manner that I was hardly able to
get home. Went to my bed by the help of 3 per
sons. Doctor Nicholson being at Fort Edward, was
not blooded but was rubbed with oppadildock.
Sunday — -30th Next day. fomented with spirits of
wine and camphor, when Doctor Nicholson came, who
only prescribed a Draught to take at night.
October Is' 1759 Monday, abed, not able to move.
Tuesday — 2nd abed. Recd a letter from the General
to send all the sailors from the Post to Crown Point.
Wednesday — 3rd Recd letter from the General to send
Babcock's reg' to Crown point & to order Cap' Gay-
lard from Half way brook here and leave a subaltern
& 20 men behind — the above letter was sent from Fort
Edward. Thursday — 4th abed, not able to move.
Friday — 5th Babcock's went on board with Lieu'
Roffy in boats and went away. Cap' Hay came in
with the Written Necessarys. The Sloop loaded.
Abed, not able to move.

IOO JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Saturday — 6th The Sloop sailed. L' Graham came
in with more necessary's for Ditto. Wrote to my
wife. Coll0 Darby arrived here and staid all night
here. Wrote to the General in answer to the Sending
Babcock's to Crown point, also sent him an estimate
of the Works & cash wanting to compleat the same.
Recd a letter from the General by Lieu' Beebe. Abed,
not able to move.
Sunday — 7th. Answered the General's letter in re
lation to the number of men that Half Way Brook can
contain. Gave the letter to Cap' Hay & other
Quarter Masters going to the Army. Coll" Darby set
out & gave him my letters for my wife. He sent me
word by L' S' George that he had been affronted on
the road by one Porter, on which I sent a file of men
to confine him. Major Durky gave him a very good
character. Recd a complaint from the agents commis
sary about the Master of y6 Scow.
Monday — 8* Sent for Porter, Examined him and
found nothing, made him give it me in writing and
sign it & dismissed him. Dr Nicholson Cap' Hay &c
went in a Whaleboat for the landing place & carried
both my letters for the General. They went about g
in the morning. Wrote to the General & sent him
enclosed the assistant Commissary's Complaints against
the Master of the Scow for taking sutlers stores, and
sent it by the Post which brought me letters from my
wife, also from Cap' Sowers & Demler with Plans of
Niagara. Abed not able to move.
Tuesday — 9th. Came in this morning from Quebec
Lieu' Hutchins of the Rangers sent some time ago
there by General Amherst accompanied by Mr Stobbor
I dispatched them as soon as possible in Col Brad-
street's whale boat for the landing place. Wrote to
my wife dated the 8th and 9th Instant. Lieu' Patterson
of the Artillery came in here from Crown point about
noon for Artillery Stores for the vessells but found
them part sent & went away again about 4 in the after
noon. Recd a letter from Mr Boddington dated Aug*

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. IOI
i Ith with an account of Prince Ferdinand's victory over
the French, also an ace' of two lottery tickets bought
for me ^51:440 and 53.240 with an ace' of some Scrape
at Gibralter about Skinner and Patoun — An Express
came. Sent the letters to the Lake by an Officer and
Eight men.
Wednesday — io'h Wrote to my wife & enclosed her
Mr Boddington's letter & sent it with that dated yester
day by the Post. Recd a letter from the General with
an order to Send Cap' Sterling materials to repair
Barracks & Hospitals. Also an order to let no Pro
vincial come ashore without the General's permit if
not to send them Prisoner's back again. Recd a letter
from Cap' Sterling by Mr Man about the repairs of
Fort Edward and Hospital for materials for it. Cap'
Schomberg came here from Boston with Dispatches
for the General. Forwarded him away by the Express
boat at 10 o'clock at night. Began to set up in a
chair. Wrote to the General and Mr Napier.
October 11* 1759. Thursday. Sent Mr Dies to Fort
Edward this morning to enquire into the repairs & the
quantity of materials necessary to Execute them. Be
gan to write to my wife. 18 drafts came from Albany
sent them over the lake the same Evening. This
evening at 6 o'clk the General and army left Crown
point. Friday — 12th Mr Dies reported from Fort Edward
that there was not much wanting. He came back late
last night Cap' Schomberg arrived here from Crown
point with an ace' that the army was embarked & went
off from Crown point last night about 6 o'clock. Cap'
Schomberg left this, place for Boston about 7 in the
evening. Wrote to my wife this day. Recd a letter
from her and Newspapers.
Saturday — 13th Sent my letter by the Post. Ordered
B Macknamara and Ann Hughes out of the Camp, also
a Court Martial for several of the regulars for disturb
ing the Camp. Rained all day — no work.
Sunday — 14th Recd a letter from the General, with

102 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
a Warrant for ,£3500 Sterling enclosed. Also came in
an Express forwarded by L' Coventry with an ace' of
Quebec being taken. Rainy day — Wrote to my wife
& Mr Mortier.
Monday — 15th L' Grant of Montgomerys arrived
here Express from Albany, going to the General with
an ace' of Quebec surrendered. Generals Wolf &
Monckton killed, Also Monsieur Montcalm. Wrote to
Mr Mortier & to my wife, also to Mr Furnis with one
enclosed for my wife and to Mr Newton about y£ War
rant. Tuesday — 16th This day at one a clock came in an
Express from Boston confirming the account of the
surrender of Quebec with the aforesaid account only
that the French Army was defeated in the field and
that Gen1 Wolf forced the Retrenchment where they
retreated & there was killed, and that the Town sur
rendered to Gen1 Townshend. Wrote to my wife and
sent her back the letters received from England in
closed in a letter to Hawkins which went by a Post
sent by Major Durky, in the afternoon. Came in to
the Fort to live at noon.
Wednesday — 17th. This evening by La Venue re
ceived letters from Mess" Appy, Napier, & Eyres, the
last mentioning that our Army had hemmed in three
of the Ennemy's vessells in a creek 55 miles from
Crown point. Paid to a Corporal of Montgomery's a
note drawn on Dr Nicholson for ,£15. 10.0 Currency,
by L' McMartin at Half Moon to subsist his Detach
ment, he having money of Cap' Grant's in his hands.
Wrote to my wife inclosed to Mr Hawkins, with a keg
of Trout — Waterman and Ellis confined.
Thursday — October — 18th 1759. Court Martial on
Waterman & Serjeant Ellis sentenced, one 50 lashes
and broke the other, and acquitted the 2 other Pro
vincials. Ordered them to put all the evidence down
in writing.
Friday — 19th. Parole Minden. Wrote to Mess"
Eyres, Napier, Nicholson, Appy & Brazier. The Court

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. IO3
Martial was sent me again with the Evidences & same
sentence, and as I did not approve of it, wrote down
as my opinion that Serj' Ellis should have severe rep
rimand, and Waterman not to be a public sutler in
this Camp.
Saturday — 20th. Parole Munster — Recd a letter from
Cap' Garth from Lake Champlain on Bark with an
ace' of the sloops being sunk. Wrote to my wife.
Cap' Robinson with a Company of Montgomery's came
in here, he and his Lieutenants dined with me. Ap
pointed De Pybu to be the Sutler in the Camp. Snow
fell for the first time.
Sunday — 218' Sent the Keg of Trout by Cornelia,
waggoner, directed to Hawkins with a letter. Cap'
Robinson, Lieu'8 McLean and Crawford and 60 men
went for Crown point this afternoon at 4 o'clock in two
Batteaux — two whaleboats.
Monday — 22nd. Wrote to my wife and enclosed
Garth's letter to me & also Boddington's letter.
Wrote to Boddington. Received letters from my
wife, Williams and Ebert.
Tuesday — 23rd Wrote to my wife and to Williams
which I enclosed with Ebert's letter to me for her.
Rained all day — no work. Recd a letter from Gen1
Lyman for Iron and a Saw plate, the Iron I could not
send him but sent him the Plate and answered his let
ter. Wrote to the Board with the account of the
army moving the 11th instant with all the Boats &
vessells for S' Johns & sent them the ace' of their Pro
ceedings on the Lake, and the Ennemy sinking their
vessells or Sloops. Inclosed the letter to my wife &
also wrote another & sent them all by Burk the Ex
press. Sent to New York to order the Packet away.
Recd letters from Mess" Appy, Eyres & Brazier, their
letters acquainting me that the General and army re
turned the 218' Instant.
Wednesday— 24th October 1759 Lieu' Moncrief aid
de Camp to the General came irt here from Crown
point going Express with dispatches from General

104 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Amherst to Brigadier Gage at Oswego ; left this place
about 12 o'clock at noon & lent him my horse to Fort
Edward. Thursday — 25th Recd a letter from Cap' Stirling
about boards. L' Bardwell came up here who had
been looking in search of Deserters & asked if I had
forgiven John Page & Joseph Pike who were sent by
Cap' Fulsom to the I8' Post, as he represented them
in a different light I ordered a File of men to fetch
them up directly.
Friday — 26th Sent at 3 this morning L' Bard
well with the 2 men above at Crown point with the
General's wine. Wrote to Cap' Stirling and sent
him 30 boards. Recd a letter from Cap' Schuyler
about Store houses Wrote to my wife. Sent to
Major Monypenny the return of this Post N° 1 and
the Engineer.
Saturday — 27"1. Recd a letter from the General,
Cap' Garth and Dr Nicholson, also from C0II0 Brad
street, Mr Hawkins, Mr Retzer & my wife with the
newspapers. Wrote to Colonel Bradstreet, my wife
& Mr Hawkins, Cap' Schuyler per the Post 
Sunday — 2 8th. Cap' Rycant and Mr Gardner of
the 55th came here going down sick, also came L'
Grant & Dr Hepburn with 163 sick of the regulars to
go to Fort Edward and downward. I had a letter
with one enclosed for Coll° Bradstreet which I sent
Express. Monday — 29th The Party went off in their Boats about
9 & the Sick about 1 1 in Waggons & Teams. Wrote to
the General & sent him copy of the orders I gave in
respect to the Provincials also a State of the Garrison
of Fort George. Wrote to mr Appy & sent him
the Anthem for the Birth day. At night came Cap'
Glegg, L' Maine & officer of Montgomerys going
down The Post came in from Albany and brought
me no letters.
Tuesday — 30th. The above all went down this morn
ing at 9 o'clock. Settd with Mr Mendez &paid all my

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. IO5
Private ace'8 with him & publick ace'8 & recd a Bal
lance of  j£i32- 1 5
Out of which paid a Box of Candles  5-T9- o

120.16. o

Wrote to my wife. Gave out the orders about the
Provincials going away.
Wednesday — 318' Recd a letter from the General to
send the Connecticut and Massachusetts forces to join
their Reg'8 to return home by N° 4 & to be reimplaced
if the works are not finished by the 1 7* Reg' to Gar
rison here. Recd a letter from L' Gray, that Eyres is
made L' Coll° to the 44th in the room of Farquhar
deceasd. Mr Napier, Mr Nicholson, Cap'5 Wrightson,
Morry, Wilmot, Cook and L' Grant came in here from
Crown point in their way down.
November i8' 1759. Thursday — Thirty Eight men de
serted in the night of Coll" Willard's reg' one of Rug-
gles. 24 of them taken and sent to Crown Point with
Lieu' Dike and 2 letters to Gen1 Amherst with a
return of the Connecticut forces names of the desert
ers. Letter from Cap' Sterling. Recd a letter from
the General to order the Detachment of Half-way
brook to come here. A Serj' & 12 men R H sent
there. Cap' Stewart and two officers came in here
going down.
Friday — 2nd. L' Blakeney came here from Crown
Point going to Albany for cloathing. Mr Napier went
away for Fort Edward. Major Campbell Cap' How
ard, and Ensign Christopher with 30 men arrived
here to reinforce the Garrison. Recd a letter from the
General. Wrote 2 letters to the General and sent
him an enclosed of Cap' Sowers by the Post, also
wrote to Cap' Garth. Recd letters from my wife,
newspapers also from Mr Mortier with bills.
Saturday — 3rd Coll° Eyres arrived this morning.
major Campbell &c went away. Wrote to my wife by
the Post. Mr Pitcher went to Crown Point & carryed

106 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
my letters to the General and Coll° Robertson. Sent
the Party to the 4 mile Post. The Party came in from
Fort Edward, rained very hard.
November — 4th. Wrote to Mr Mortier & Hawkins by
Coll0 Eyres who set out for Niagara this day. The
party from Fort Edward embarked for Ticonderoga —
Party came in from Fort Miller.
Monday — 5th Received a letter from Mr Hawkins.
Tuesday — 6th. Recd a letter from my wife with Eberts
agreement. The 2 Mrs Howes came there, and she
from Philadelphia was brought a bed in one of my
rooms at 3 o'clock. Sent to Albany by a waggon my
Gardevin, my Kitchen and my Tent. Wrote to L'
Basset Engineer and Hawkins.
Wednesday — 7th Wrote to my wife & sent it per
post. Recd 4 letters from the General, relating to the
sick to be sent down to the works, and to the oxen.
Recd letter from Coll° Robertson, Mr Brazier Mr
Russel. Recd also the lists of the sick of Fort George
with orders for them.
Thursday — 8th Captain Wrightson and Lee came
here and went to Crown point. Recd letter from Cap
tain Garth.
Friday November 9th 1759. Wrote to the General.
Sent the Sick from hence under the care of Lieuten
ants Beebe and Bemont.
Saturday io'\ King's birth day. 'Coll0 Montgomery
and his surgeon supped with us. M1' Pitcher and a
Lieu' of the 27th came and supped with us, and Cap'
Schuyler. Wrote a letter to my wife and gave it to
mr Pitcher Ebert my servant arrived this day.
Sunday — n'h The Post from Albany came in at 2 in
the morning & brought one letter from my wife with
the newspapers. Coll0 Montgomery & Pitcher went
away this morning, gave him another letter Tor my
wife. An officer came in with money from Albany for
Crown point. Wrote to the General by him about the
Deserters coming here taken. L' French & 42 Deserters
were brought in here. All the sick came in from the

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. 107
landing. Cap' McKenzie came with them and to bring
up the Batteaux with 100 Rangers come in and load
Provisions. Monday — 12* Sent the Sick away, also sent all the
Boats and Batteaux loaded with Provisions to the
landing place. Came in the oxen for draught.
Tuesday — 13*!1 Captain Martin came in with the
artillery who supped with me.
Wednesday — 14'!" Wrote to the General, unloaded
the Badeau & sent part of the Stores to Fort Edward.
Wrote to my wife & mr Mortier per the Express that
carried back some letters bro' here by mistake Cap'
Martin dined and supped with me.
Thursday — 15th Sent the Badeau loaded with the
Deserters to navigate her. Cap' Macneal with his
Party for Half moon came in here with several more
officers who supped with me. Serjeant of Montgom
ery's sent by Coll° Robertson for all the Batteaux,
brought me a letter.
Friday — 16* Wrote to the General & Coll0 Robert
son by the Serjeant of Montgomery's. Ordered all
the Deserters to carry up the Batteaux. Cap' Mac
neal with his Party for Half moon set out this morn
ing. The Batteaux went off with my letters & 32
deserters, one made his Escape — 17 of them sent
before in the Badeau.
Saturday — 17* Recd a letter from the General
approving my Conduct in regard to the Deserters and
artificers. Wrote to my wife and sent it by the Post.
Sunday — i8,h November 1759. Recd two letters from
Mr Mortier by L' S' George. Part of Schuyler's Reg
iment came in.
Monday — 19th More of Schuyler's came in with Coll°
Schuyler & the rest of the Reg' except one boat. Coll°
Schuyler supped with me with a party of the 42d Reg'
going to Fort Edward with Sick & some Prisoners
from Canada. Received a letter from my wife.
Tuesday — 20* The regiment of Schuyler's went off
with Ditto.

108 JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Wednesday — 21s.' Paid mr Mendez 4 — 24 pound bills
,£96.0.0 Recd a letter from the General.
Thursday — 2 2d — Wrote to the General and to Mor
tier with one enclosed to my wife.
Friday — 23d. Wrote to my wife by L' William of the
17th who came from Ticonderoga & going to New-
York Received a letter from Captain Holmes.
Saturday 24. Sent by L' Williams letter to my wife.
Wrote to L' Brehm to draw on Mendez for 3 months
pay, also in favour of Jenny Holmes. Recd a letter
from the General by the Post, that he & the army was
to set off from Crown point the 25th Sunday, and to get
everything ready for transporting their baggage.
Sunday — 25'!1 Paid Mr Mendez to pay 3 of the Con
tracted Carpenters — £220.0.0
Monday 26^ The Light Infantry came in & left the
rest of the Army & the General behind. Captain Aber
cromby supped with me.
Tuesday 27* The Army came in & the General
about 7 o'clock at night who supped with me and lay
in my room. Coll° Robertson, Monnypenny, Appy,
Darcy. The troops went & Encamped in the woods
as far as Bloody pond.
Wednesday 28th — walked with the General to the
Bastion & round the works & Barracks & seemed well
pleased, he desir'd that I would stay & settle this
Garrison & receive the French Prisoners, shewing
them civility. The General gave me several orders
to be done at this Post viz' — No 1. when the 85 rangers,
which are discharged & have recd provisions to give
them 3 days more and send them away as fast as possi
ble. No 2 To Send the General's baggage after him as
quick as possible & the officer of the 42d to join his
corps directly. No 3 To order partys for bringing
oxen and Bullocks. No 4. To give as many men to
Corp1 Loring as he may want. No 5. as soon as the
detach' for this Post arrives to order one Cap' 2 Sub-
alters & 50 men to perform the duty of a Funeral over
the corpse of the late Cap' Morris, no 6. The Room

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. IO9
I am in to be for a Field officer & if not come up to
acquaint the Cap' that lives in it to be ready to move at
a minutes warning. No 7. The Gen1 would have case
mates under the Rampart of the East Flank of the Bas
tion. No 8. To send over the Inniskillingers to their
regiment. Part of the Detachment of the 1 7th arrived.
November — 29th Thursday. Major Ord went away
this day for Albany. Settled the business of the Bar
racks & had them drawn for. Performed the service
over the corpse of Cap' Morris with 3 volleys, one
Cap', 2 Subalterns 50 men at 4 o'clock. The Sloop
• came in at night.
Friday — 30* The rest of the detach' of the 17th
came in. Ordered the according to a detail I made.
Expected the French Prisoners & made a preparation
for them. I got 3 dozen of Beer from the General's
servant. Received a letter from Coll° Robertson about
the Molasses and Kettles.
December. Saturday — Is' Cap' Loring set out this
day for Albany. Wrote to my wife by him. Wrote
this day to Cap' Garth. French- Prisoners came in to
night and supped with me.
Sunday — 2d Drawn on Mr Mortier in favour of Hugh
White .£250. Wm Waterman ,£200.0.0 Mess" Pouchot
& Villex &c with the rest of the French Prisoners after
having breakfasted with me, embarked with the Guard
of Independents under the Command of Cap' Ogelvie
about 10 o'clock.
Monday — 3d Set out from Fort George about 10
o'clock & lay at Fort Edward, found the Bridge car
ried away I walked from the Lake to Fort Edward,
supped at Bests & lay in the Fort.
Tuesday— 4th Set out at 10. got over the Ice, one
horse fell in. Our baggage got safe over, & lay at
Saratoga, walked within 3 miles of it, Lay at the Sut-
ling house.
Wednesday— 5'!" Set out at 9 & lay at Halfmoon.
Went into a waggon part of the way, but walked to
Halfmoon about the 3 last miles & lay at Vanesses.

IIO JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR.
Thursday — 6'!1 Set out about 9, came over the Mo
hock River at Loudoun's Ferry where I walked to as
far as Root lived & then got up in a waggon until I
came to Van Ormans & there dined & came to Albany
about 4 o clock P M & Lay at Fundy's. Recd letter
from my wife, Jack &c.
Friday 7th Waited on Gen1 Gage. Dined with him
at La Venue's. Supped at home with Major West &
Ord & Wilkins.
Saturday — 8* Dined at La Venue's with MajorWest,
Wilkins & Cap' Baugh & supped there. Asked Gen
eral Gage. Recd letter from my wife. Wrote to Cap'
Dixon & L' Sowers.
Sunday 9. Wrote to my wife per the post. Mr Cle
ments carne to see me, came from Oswego with the
carpenters last night. Mr Brazier came here from Ti
conderoga. Dined at home. My leg & foot swelled.
Gen1 Gage & major Harvey sat with me this even
ing. Wrote to my wife by Lieu' Bassett, yesterday's
date. Monday. December io'h 1759. Rainy & foggy
weather. Wrote to my wife by the Express Mr New
ton sent to Mr Mortier. Paid on Contingent £24.
Tuesday — n'h Cloudy weather. Settled with Mr
Mendez & the Ballance of the warrant for £3500 Ster
ling amounts to no more than j£i090.8.6.
Wednesday — 12th. Settled with M' Hawkins for Pay,
Baggage Forrage & Firing & recd a note on Mf Ab-
thorpe for the ballance for £275. 15. 1 Sterlg Recd from
Mr Newton to pay the sawmills &c ,£Stg 90.8.6 & took
his order on M'. Mortier for ,£1000 Sterling which com-
pleats the Warrant of £3500. Delivered in to the Gen
eral the returns of Fort George, the 17th Reg' Stores,
Artillery, Provisions, tools & Batteaux.
Thursday— 13th. Frost. The Sloops that went yes
terday could not go on for the Ice. Major West &
his men walked it. Recd a letter from Ensign Chris
topher with the Return of Stores.
Friday— i4'h. N. West. Hard Frost. Mr Clements

JOURNALS OF COL. JAMES MONTRESOR. I I I
set out this day for York & gave him a letter to my
wife. Saturday — \^ North East — Snow.
Sunday 16'!" North — Frost. To am' paid Couting
.£5-6.o Monday — 17* w. n. w & Hard frost excessive cold.
' Tuesday — 18th Set out from Albany at 12 o'clock in
4 Sleighs. Lay at Kinderhook at Van Buren's.
Wednesday — 19th. Baited at Claverack at Hagen-
boom & lay at Schermerhorn's.
Thursday — 20th Baited at DeWit and lay at Poc-
kepsy. Friday — 21s' Baited at Van Wyck & lay at Roger's.
Saturday — 2 2d Baited at Van Tassell s & lay at
Martin's. Sunday — 23d Dined at Col° Phillipse's & arrived at
N. York about 7 o'clock in the Evening. Recd letters
from the Board, Gordon & Mr Haswell.
Monday 24* Mr Mendez paid off the Sleighmen at
6j£ 8 shilling each.
Tuesday — 25., Mess" Furnis, Stevens, Bassett &
Dr Adair dined & supped with me.
Wednesday- — -2®*) Dr Adair visited my foot & found
it bad. Wrote to Cap' Gordon Engineer by L'' Bas
sett, dated my letter the 27'!1
Thursday 27. Gen1 Amherst Mess" Mortier, Appy,
Monypenny Darcy dined & supped with me except
the General.
Friday 28. L' Bassett set out for Philadelphia.
Govr Glen came & sat with me the Evening.
Saturday 29. Cap' Williams Engineer set out for the
Southwards. mr Montressor gave him a letter for mr
Hunter. Govr Glen Mess18 Appy, Furnis, Adair supped
with me.
Sunday 30. Staid at home Since the 24* & a swell
ing under my arm pit.
Monday — 31s.' Ditto — mess" Mortier, Furnis & Ste
vens supped with me. Under Dr Adair's hands since
the 26th December.

III.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
1757-1778.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.

I.
Notes and Memoranda.
[In the autumn of 1778 Captain Montresor em
barked for England with his wife and family. On the
voyage over, he beguiled the time by making in his
note-book many interesting memoranda, concerning
the nature and extent of his services in America.
These rough notes may very well be introduced here,
as many of them are somewhat of an autobiographical
character, and fix with precision the various dates of
certain events in his military experience in the British
Provinces.] My promotion from 1755 to 1776.
Ensign in 48th Regiment  March 1755.
Engineer by General Braddock at) iq June
10 shillings per day  \
Lieutenant in 48th Regiment  4. July 1755
Engineer by Commission from 1 M 6>
General Shirley  j ' J
Engineer & Practitioner of Engi- j
neering though notified & acted > 19. May — 1758
long before  )
o o u T7 • ) l7 March 1759
Lieutenant & Sub-Engineer  V ' ry  ^
Engineer Extraordinary & Captain [ 2q j-)ecr 176_
Lieutenant  j
Engineer in Ordinary & Captain. . 10. Jany. 1776
Special Commission from the King ) jg j-^
as Chief Engineer of America ... J

u6

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.

Commander s-in- Chief
Under whom I have served since I left England in
the ship with General Braddock 24 Decr 1754, to my
finally leaving America, 19th October 1778: and to this
period I have been in Eighteen actions and Thirty-two
voyages, and served under Fourteen Commanders-in-
Chief, and near Twenty-four Years in America, subse
quent to 4 years I served at Gibraltar as an Assistant
Engineer under my Father, Colonel James Montresor,
Chief Engineer.

.a'a"0 U'£ v
n3 Xl

rt
Xl 3 ¦
U

Major-General Edward Braddock . 1754 & 5
Major-General Willm. Shirley . . 1755 & 6
Major-General Danl. Webb . . 1756
Lt.-General John, Earl of Loudoun 1756, 57, & 58
Lt.-General James Abercrombie . 1758
Major-Gen. Sir Jeffery Amherst 1758, 9, 60, 1, 2, 3
Lieut. -General Thos. Gage
1763, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 70, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Lieut.-Gen. Frederick Haldimand . 1774
Gen. Sir Wm. Howe . . . 1775, 6, 7, 8
General Sir Henry Clinton . . 1778

Major-General James
Wolfe,

Brigadier-Gen. Moncton,
Brigadier-Gen. Townshend,

Robt. Geo. i

Brigadier-Gen. James
Murray,

Unfortunately for me
and his Majesty's
Service was Killed
in the Field.
ist Shot through the
Lungs after 13 Sept.,
1759, and the 2nd
went home after the
Victory.
A madman. Remained
"~ ln'command at Que
bec, and I as Engi
neer with him.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. I17
Extra Services by Me.
In 1756 I undertook, with the Command of a De
tachment of the 44th and 48th Regiments, consisting
of Sixty men, to relieve the Post (with this Reinforce
ment) at the Falls of Conejoxeri which I effected,
though attacked by the way.
The 18th March, 1757, while the French, Cana
dians, and Indians, under Monsieur Rigoud de Vau-
dreuil attacked Fort William Henry, I secured Fort
Edward, 14 miles from it, by a Parapet of Barrels of
Pork, Beef, and Flour, and Barrels filled with Snow,
&c, which prevented the Enemy's taking it, after be
ing beat off from Fort William Henry.
My Scout, in 1758, on snow-shoes, to drive the In
dians and Acadians off the Island of Louisbourg.
In the beginning of the Winter, 1759, 1 went with a
party on Snow Shoes from Quebec to the South Side
of the River St. Lawrence, where I swore to alle
giance 6,000 Canadians, and by their laying down
their^ arms and the great supply of Provisions, the
Garrison of Quebec remained in Peace during a long
Winter. In November, 1759 (altho' an Engineer), headed
the Light Infantry of the 48th Regt., in which I was
then an Officer, attacked and Stormed a Post at S.
Augustin, upon the Intended attack of the Lines at
Point-aux-Trembles with Colonel Walsh.
My Scout from Quebec to New England on Snow
Shoes in 1760, to fix the Plan for the Junction of the
Armies at Montreal.*
* They left Quebec January 26th, 1760, and arrived at Topsham, the
nearest New England settlement in Maine, February 20th. Montresor
and his companions suffered terribly from cold, hunger, and fatigue. I
have before me his little note-book, with its daily entries, made with
blunted pencil and benumbed fingers, the pencil marks written over
with ink when he reached Topsham. Here a fuller and more carefully
written journal was prepared from these rough notes. I find that on
February 9th was " the first day that my party fell short of provisions."
On Thursday, 14th, "the party almost wasted, so faint from want of
food, Several got sick eating alderberries, continued eating their moccas-

Il8 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
My undertaking, in 1760 (En Canadien), to carry
verbal Dispatches from Major-General Murray at La
Varennes, to Sir Jeff. Amherst at Isle-au-Perrot, with
success. My undertaking to go as a Drummer of Marines to
the Marquis D'Albergatti, at the Fort at Jacques Car-
tier, as a Flag of Truce from Major-Gen. James Mur
ray, with the Body of Mons. D'Herbel, in order to
make a Report of the State of the Works there, which
I accomplished, and was immediately transmitted to
Brig.-Gen. Simon Fraizer at Quebec, and ordered to
attack it, which he did, and took it. I was then Chief
Engineer in Canada.
In the spring, 1760, I was ordered by Sir Jeff. Am
herst at New York to take charge of his dispatches,
and deliver them to Major-Gen. Murray at Quebec.
Proceeded by land to Boston, Embarked there with
22 Sail of vessels, which were all taken, except one I
sailed, having taken charge of her myself.
My approved Proposals for the further Discovery of
the north-westward parts of North America, transmitted
to the Ministry in 1 760, and my letters from Sir Henry
Erskine and Major Dalrymple.
In 1760, in the first week in September, my surpris
ing the fortified town of Les Praries de la Magdalene,
with 500 Militia in arms, and two officers, and 30 men
of Regular Troops. I commanded 85 Rangers.
sins and Bullet-pouches, snow-shoes, netting and strings." tjth, "the
Party reduced to eat their leather breeches and raw woodpeckers."
16th, " Everybody ready to drop for food — began eating their Bullet-
pouches and belts." Lt. Montresor made another Expedition into Maine
in June and July of 1761. In his list of " Extra Services " he says, " My
discovery in 1761 of the unexplored Lands between Canada and Fort
Halifax on Kennebee river, with a party Of savages." He had suggested
this expedition to the English Ministry in 1760, and his proposal was
accepted through Sir Henry Erskine and Major Dalrymple. The Jour
nal of Montresor's scout of 1761 fell into the hands of Col. Benedict Ar
nold, and suggested to him the route through Maine in 1775, when
he led i,lbo men to make a junction with Gen. Schuyler for the
1 conquest of Canada. Arnold's letters and Lt. Montresor's imperfect
journal were published in 183 1 in vol. i. of the "Collections of the Maine
Historical Society."

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. II9
My discovery in 1761 of the unexplored Lands be
tween Canada and Fort Halifax, on Kennebee River,
with a party of savages.
In 1760, 61, and 62, had the Direction of the Survey
of the River S. Lawrence, from the River au Sud be
low Orleans to the Cedars, to a scale of 2,000 feet to
an Inch, by order of Sir Jeff. Amherst.
My great success in 1763 * ; in relieving the Garri
son of D'Etroit with Provisions and men, whereby the
Siege was raised, they having then 14 days Indian
Corn and Bear's Grease to subsist on. Remark — See
Sir Jeffrey Amherst's letter.
The forced march I took in 1 764 with a Regt. of
Canadiens (the first ever raised in our Service) to the
Portage of Niagara, and securing it near 7 miles by a
Chain of Redoubts before the arrival of the Troops
under Major-General Bradstreet, and against all the
Indians. In 1 769, when an Order came from Lord Hillsborough
to Gen. Gage, that the Forts Nassau and Montague,
and two water Batteries should be put in a State of
Defense, no opportunity offered, I proceeded in a Deck
Boat loaded with Onions, Cheese, Candles, and Pota
toes, and effected that Service.
In 1769, I divided the Line between the provinces
of New York and New Jersey by astronomical obser
vations, so long a bone of contention, and in Chancery
so many years.
I was offered by Mr. Hillegar, Commissioner to the
Board of Works, if I would accept of being Inspector-
General of the works on Delaware, and at Philadel-
* Extract from a letter from Lieut. J. Montresor, to Capt. Thomas
Bassett (Engineer) at Fort Pitt : — " Detroit, Nov. 2nd, 1763.
" I suppose you have heard at New York of the different disagree
able circumstances that befel me during my perigrinations hither ; of
my being cast away at Presqu' Isle, then attacked by a party of
Wyandots, which were repulsed; they killed us 3 men, two in the
Breastwork ; and I was attacked on board the Schooner in the River
of Detroit, in which I lost not * man. I arrived the third ol last
month."

120 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
phia, and its environs, I should receive 500 Guineas
per Annum during pleasure, and 300 for life, which
I rejected from the appearance of the times, 1773,
Savouring much of an Inclination to Rebellion.
My timely securing Lt.-Governor Colden, and the
Stamps within Fort George at New York in 1765 by
a temporary Defence, there being no Parapet to the
Works, and commanded by the neighbouring Houses.
I attended Lord Percy from Boston towards the
Battle of Lexington. My advancing some miles in
front of his Corps with four volunteers, and securing
the Bridge across Cambridge River, 19th April, 1775 ;
which prevented his Body from going the Watertown
Road, whereby the Light Infantry and Grenadiers
were not cut off, my having sent one Volunteer back
to his Lordship ; the town of Cambridge in arms, and
I galloped through them.
During part of Gen. Gage's Command at Boston,
the Garrison were distressed for want of Specie, and
also Carpenters ; which I undertook to remedy, by
supplying it ,£6,000 in gold, and got it sent on board
the " Asia," and so to us at Boston. — Government
insuring it.
I was twice attempted to be assassinated for sup
porting the honor and credit of the Crown during
my Command in the course of the Rebellion. — ist.,
near Brattle Square, at Boston, by means of Rebel
Doctor Cooper ; and, 2nd, near the South end of Bos
ton, by Samuel Dyer, when I saved General Cleave-
land's Life, Commanding Officer of Artillery. This
man was sent off by the Sheriffs of London, Messrs.
Lee and Sayre, to murther Lt.-Col. Maddison of the
4th Regiment.
During the 24 years I acted as Engineer in Amer
ica, I was so fortunate as never once to have had a
work carried of my Construction, Mais depuis Stoney
Point etoit recemment Pris.
In my undertaking to blow up Castle William, its
Extensive Batteries and dependencies, all of masonry,

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 121
in March, 1776, with 87 mines, which I completely
effected without one failing. Letters from a Society
for my sections, &c.
I went in a Whale Boat, escorted with 2 flat
bottomed Boats, with 2 officers, and 40 of the 43rd
Regt., and proceeded towards New York from Staaten
Island in August, 1776, and received the fire from the
Cannon of the several Batteries and Musquettry from
Kennedy's Island, previous to the sailing of the
" Phcenix" and " Rose," and to discover what Impedi
ments. My answer home.
My having the Direction of 300 Hessians, one Brass
4 Pounder, and three of the 17th Light Dragoons, to
surprize Fort Independence in October, 1776, which I
effected very fortunately.
My proposals to Sir Wm. Howe for the Landing on
the Sound of New York at Kip's Bay, contrary to the
opinion of Lt.-Gen. Clinton, Major Musgrave, and
Johnson, and the Officers of the Navy, and the success
that attended it. My Landing from Gen. Howe under
the Fire of '5 Frigates ; and the Rebels to turn the
Hessian Grenadiers under Count Dunop ; to support
Gen. Clinton on the Heights of Inchisburg ; and Gen.
Howe's Expressions to Col. Paterson, Adjt.-Gen., and
myself. The 16th Sept., 1776, the action on Vanderwater's
Height, near Harlaem, on New York Island, I pro
cured two 3 Pounders, Brass, with Lt. Wallace, Royal
Artillery. No horses being near Mr. Gown's, where
the Guns were, had them hauled by hand, and brought
into action to face the Enemy, who were attempting to
cut off our left, and getting round us between our Left
and Hudson's River. The proposal was my own, and
had its desired effect, no other Guns being in the Field,
and 60 rounds from each were fired.
At the Battle of Brandy Wine, nth Sept., 1777, I
directed the position and attack of most of the field
train; and late in the evening, when the action was
near concluded, a very heavy fire was received by our

122 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Grenadiers from 6,000 Rebels, Washington's Rear
guard, when Col. Monckton requested me to ride
through it to Brigadier-General Agnew's Brigade, and
his 4 Twelve Pounders ; which I did time enough to
support them ; and by my fixing the four 1 2 pounders,
Routed the Enemy.
In 1774, 5, and part of 6, Boston was defended by
very Extensive works, with a small Garrison, against
the united Forces of America ; and no Established
Engineer, for the most part, but myself. Vide Lord
Townshend's several Letters with his Majesty's very
favourable opinion upon it.
I gave the first Information of the Enemy's abandon
ing the works near Brooklyn ; and was the first man
in them, with one Corporal, and six men, in the front
of the Piquets.
Des petites services qui ne vaut pas le peine de ra-
conter avec ceux passdes.
Works, permanent and temporary thrown up for 24
years successively, and not one ever carried.
In the beginning of the winter, 1757, the Magistrates
of Borden Town refusing to quarter 300 men which I
commanded of the 48th Regt., agreeable to act of
Parliament, I drew them up, with fixed Bayonets, and
made them face to the Right about, and make good
their Quarters ; and quartered the Officers on the
Magistrates only, and myself on the first magistrate,
with two Centries.
I suppressed a Mutiny in my winter Scout, 1760.
I suppressed a Mutiny with that of the Canadien
Regt. of Niagara, 1764.
I suppressed a Mutiny when I commanded a party
to relieve Conijohary, 1756.
I suppressed a Mutiny of ordnance Artificers in
Cadiz Packet at Sea, 1777.
The greater part of the Transports, ships of war,
armed vessels, and victuallers, &c, the latter end of

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 12J
1 776 ; and most of 1 yyy, wooded and watered on Mon
tresor's Island in the Sound, Gratis.
My being the great means of that Gentleman, Mr.
Galloway, being with the Army ; and he living with
his servant and his suite, &c, his acquaintance for the
Campaign 1777 at my expense.
My apprising Gen. Gage of his danger at Danvers
by means of Dr. Gardiner. On the 27 August, 1776,
my apprising Sir Wm. Howe of his personal insecurity
on his right ; and my riding forward into Bedford, and
finding the Rebels there just previous to the Action ;
and my discovering two Rebels skulking very near Sir
Wm. Howe to get a shot at him in the Action, no one
with him but myself, except 2 Dragoons, who could
not observe them ; upon which I took one of their Car
bines, and drove them into the Mud, where they were
smothered. My timely discovery, upon a false alarm and an alert
of ours at Boston (under Lt.-Gen. Gage), a detach
ment of Boats, with part of the 44th on board, in the
night, between our works and Foster's mill, and pre
vented two 24 pounders and one 8 inch Howitzer of
Grape being fired into them from our Lines.
My hearing that the Rebels had cut the King's
head off the Equestrian Statue (in the Centre of the
Ellipps, near the Fort) at New York, which repre
sented George the 3rd in the figure of Marcus Aurelius,
and that they had cut the nose off, dipt the laurels
that were wreathed round his head, and drove a mus
ket Bullet part of the way through his Head, and other
wise disfigured it, and that it was carried to Moore's
tavern, adjoining Fort Washington, on New York
Island, in order to be fixed on a Spike on the Truck
of that Flagstaff as soon as it could be got ready,
I immediately sent Corby through the Rebel Camp
in the beginning of September, 1776, to Cox, who
kept the Tavern at King's Bridge, to steal it from
thence, and to bury it, which was effected, and was
dug up on our arrival, and I rewarded the men, and

I24 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
sent the Head by the Lady Gage to Lord Townshend,
in order to convince them at home of the Infamous
Disposition of the Ungrateful people of this distressed
Country. My Pretensions to Preferment.
32 years on immediate and active service abroad,
24 Campaigns of which in North America ; 18 actions
during that time, as per Journal, exclusive of several
sieges, and being besieged, and in all except one ac
tion successful; 32 voyages in that space.
Extraordinary Personal Services, exclusive of lesser
ones hereunto annexed.
Having been wounded in the Service, and a Ball
still in me. The loss of my Constitution from my
Extraordinary Exertions and complaint contracted at
Mud Island.
Loss of my Baggage various times, and the entire
Loss of all my Property in America during the Rebel
lion, as per account.
My Lieutenancy in 48th Regt. taken from me, with
out any Restitution, contrary to Lord Geo. Sackville's
written opinion.
My Pretensions from my Ancestors' services lineally.
Colonel James Montrdsor, my Father, was at the
Siege of Gibraltar in 1727 as an Engineer and Officer,
and died in the Service. He was Chief Engineer in
America during the late war.
My Grandfather, Major Montresor, served as Cap
tain of Cavalry all the Duke of Marlborough's wars,
and died in the Service, Major of the 21st Regt., and
Lieut.-Governor of Fort William.
My Great-Grandfather died an officer in the Service,

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 25
and commanded that Party of Monk's Troop that took
the Seven Bishops to the Tower.
_ I purchased my three eldest Sons their Commis
sions in the Army, the eldest in the 23rd Regt, one in
the 80th, and the 3rd in the 104th. One second Lieu
tenancy, two Ensigncies, three Lieutenancies, and one
Company. I lost two Brothers in the Service of this Country,
and a Father, who broke his heart in his Retreat, for
being neglected and deceived by his Majesty's De
ceitful Servants ; and my wife lost her Father and a
Brother in its cause, and her numerous Relations
reduced from Opulence to Poverty for their Loyalty
and attachment to the Crown of Great Britain.
My Offer (to my Agent, Mr. Fisher, my Letter) in
1782, during the Height of the War, and sensible of
the distressed Finances of the nation, to make them a
present of as much Timber as should build Govern
ment a Frigate at Chatham.
I did honour to my Corps (at least) by keeping an
open Table during the Rebellion, when Provisions
were so excessive scarce ; and my House during it the
Hospital for wounded officers, and my wife the matron,
from her indefatigable attention.
I took no allowance for Quarters as my Predeces
sors, as receiving Field Pay, I thought it was not my
Right, and so the Precedent became lost to my suc
cessors. To what reduced to after 24 Campaigns in America.
A restless Ball in my Body after Incisions cut to ex
tract it.
A loss of appetite from derangement of my System,
for having been distressed by Famine for 1 3 days * at
one time, and 8 at another.
* " The famine for 13 days" alludes to the expedition from Quebec
across Maine in 1760. The other refers to the dispatch of troops under
Col. John Bradstreet, to Sandusky in 1764, to conclude a treaty of peace

126 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
To various complaints from frequent hardships and
distresses, by Excessive cold and fatigue, and from
worry at law-suits against me for Government mat
ters. An Hydrocele contracted at the Siege of Mud Isl
and, and its cruel operation, and its consequences,
and Spasms to this Day. Fistula brought on by Hard
ships and being perpetually on horseback.
32 years in the Service, and obliged to quit with a
Captain's Rank.* 6 times lost my Baggage, and as
many times wounded. I have never had any Restitu
tion from Government for my losses, as Housef and
property on the Island, Dwelling and Store Houses
on Cruger's wharf by the Fire at New York. Lost
my baggage 6 times, &c, for all received ,£1,000
from the American Claim Office. Lord Dunmore, 'tis
said, got for his losses £12,000, Gen. Robertson
£4,000, O'Hara ,£2,000, &c, &c.
Superceeded by Debbing, Spry, and Dixon at 3
critical Periods. My Barrack-master's Commission as
Bk.-Mr.-Genl., stopped payment without any notice.
with the Western Indians, which was afterwards repudiated by the Com
mander-in-Chief, Gen. Gage, and Col. Henry Bouquet. The troops,
over 1,000 in number, on their return in October, by way of Lake
Erie, were obliged to abandon their boats, through continued stormy
weather. They landed, and suffered much from shortness of provi
sions. *A member of the Montresor family writes to me " that John Mon
tresor never obtained higher rank than Colonel. In his time Engineers
were scarcely considered as belonging to the military service, and the En
gineers did not rise by seniority or obtain army rank : they were called
Mr So ancl So, until the Sovereign as a reward for service, bestowed the
honorary rank- of Colonel, Captain &c. It was a great grievance with
Mr Montresor. This is all altered now." —
f " 1 3 th January, 1777: This night (Monday) my House and out
houses, Barns and offices on Montresor's Island, formally called Belle
Isle, and afterwards Talbot's Island, near Haerlem, and 8 miles from
New York, was burnt by the Rebels." — "November 7th 1772 is the
date of the Deeds for Belle Isle formerly Little Barn Island & after Tal-
bots Island & now purchased by me John Montresor on the above day
& year. The first grant of this Island commonly known by the name of
Little Barn Island was by Richard Nicolls Esq1" first Governor of New
York unto Thomas Delavall Esq' Collector & receiver General of the
Customs in these parts February the 3rd 1667, in the 20th year of his
Majesty's reign."

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 27
Was an Independent man before the Rebellion, have
now all my Collateral connections to maintain, and tor
mented by a Court of Inquisition at Creditor's Office.
No restitution for my Lieutenancy in 48th Regi
ment.
Des Cruautees et Chagrins en Amerique.
Four Officers on the Establishment of Engineers
put over me, Spry superceeding me at Quebec, though
I at the Conquest and he in Pennsylvania on his
pleasure. My application to leave Quebec from the Tyranny
of General James Murray, and Gen. Jeffery Amherst's
humane answer.
My being superceeded 13th Aug., 1776, by Major
M. Dixon, where he never had been, and I most of my
life.* My being left by Sir Wm. Howe in May, 1778,
" Sur le pavee," under the Command of Sir Henry
Clinton, with whom I was upon no terms, " et malgre
le certificate de 1'Hopital General."
A 1 2 months elapsed from the date of my letters to
the Board of Ordnance for leave, they referring me to
Lord Townshend's Letters, which I never received,
and stating my Health, &c, &c.
My Brother Robert, not being permitted into the
43rd, he, the oldest officer in the army, and 2,000
guineas engaged with C. McKenzie for it.
The taking my Lieutenancy in the 48th from me,
without any Restitution, contrary to Lord G. Sack-
* When Major Dixon superseded Capt. Montresor, Sir William Howe
made him one of his aides-de-camp. Extract from a letter from Sir
William Howe to Lord George Germaine, dated from Philadelphia :
" Your Lordship, having honoured me with His Majesty's commands,
that the Commander-in-Chief is not to appoint the Chief Engineer to be
his Aide-de-Camp, permit me to so far justify my appointment of Capt.
Montresor to act in that capacity, as to inform your Lordship the ap
pointment did not take place until after the arrival of Major Dixon, and
that the instant Major Dixon quitted the command, Captain Montresor
was no longer my Aide-de-Camp. July 17th, 1778."

128 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
ville's opinion, and I in several actions in the Regi
ment, and a Ball in me still ; loss of Baggage, &c,
and I oldest Lieutenant.
The cruelty of my extensive Command as Chief En
gineer in America, without a proper rank to honour it.
Plaintes Contra Cleinville*
Mercier. . . .Gallopin et arretta de Skinner et Strat-
ton . . Lazarus . . . . S Augustin ....
Eeossais Sud du landt. Charpentiers. . . . signe" mi
Lord C. commandements mes Gens.. Pole Tents &
pipe Cases.
Dismantle les ouvrages. .Sans rien dire — muchas
vezes. Illiberalidad in Certificado del medicinos.
Insolentia del primero Receptione — et in secundo
apology. Rationes pro me detentione, viz' bene Information
et not potest admissible me partir per Englelandt and
Spiermacher. In Retirando del Ciudad Quackerorum sine Con-
sultatione. Brutalidad del nota del Slim — Caesar Souderlandt.
Heros Caledoniarum siempra a la puerta de Quartiers
General, sine Invitatione entrare,
Todas cosas in me Departemente pour demander.
Nihil in ordres Gen1 depuis el Departura lament-
abile de S. W. Howe.
Nix un Embarkatione, ni Bastimento, ni Quando visi-
tatio de Slim Caesar.
Common Place Book. John Montresor Engineer.
Philadelphia 1777.
Samuel Griscomb — Master Carpenter opposite to
the Quakers Burying Ground Gate — Contractor for
Cradles — i8' Oct' 1777. Wednesday.
* Captain Montresor's Complaints against General Clinton j the entries
made in his note-book in French, Spanish, etc.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 29
John Palmer — Master Mason in Lombard S' between
2d and 3d Street — ist October 1777.
^ Lent out of my private purse to Elias Smith Master
Carpenter Fifty £ Johannes on account of the work,
now carrying on at Philadelphia. Is' October 1777,
there being no money to be otherwise procured, as the
General thinks it necessary to wait for the Fleet.
Received the Rolls for near 300 men this day from
Mess" Palmer & Parrinck as Town Labourers for ys
works. 2d October, at 9 this morning — i8' Order brought to
sign for the Labouring Inhabitants Provision as they
cou'd not go to work, without — another difficulty arose
again respecting Rum.
Set Samuel Griscomb Master Carpenter & his gang
to making of Cradles for the Hospitals and Barracks —
Is' October.
At 10 this morning 2d Octr — signed the order for
Provisions for 340 Inhabitants to work on the Redout
— not yet attended the work this return dated i8' Octr
& ending 4"1 both included.
At 1 1 this morning 2d Oct. orders from the General
by Captain Mulcaster for me to attend principally to
the 2 outer Faces of all the Redouts first & to begin
immediately on the Schuylkill and works from it.
A letter from Cap' Mulcaster this evening by the
Generals order 2d Oct. to oblige the Inhabitants to
work and not wait for volunteers. Inhabitants went
to work (Oct. 2d this afternoon th° but few) being after
their Provision — so this day the first may be said to be
a lost day. Inhabitants left off at \ hour before sun
set. 3d October.* Inhabitants went to work this morn
ing — But 200 men, th° signed for 340 days provisions.
Regulated the Foreman to the workmen. — 4* October.
Day of the action at German Town.
* Mr. Galloway was applied to, by the chief Engineer, to procure the
labourers, whose common wages in the city were 6 shillings sterling per
day. 9

130 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
ioth October. Advanced to L' Sproule for the In
habitants working on Redouts— Thirty Guineas out of
my own pocket.
[Respecting the reducing of the fort on Mud Isl
and, General Sir William Howe, on the 16th October
(1777), at Head Quarters at Germantown, before
Lieut.-General Earl Cornwallis, Brigadier-General
Cleaveland, and Engineer Montresor, made the ob
servation " That three weeks were now elapsed and
nothing done." This remark was ever afterward re
membered, and resented by Captain Montresor by his
making a number of caustic criticisms in his note-books
concerning General Howe and his operations.]
Never pursues his victories. — Pont D'or too Speci
ous and tedious. — Why not go up the north River first
and join Burgoyne and open the Communication ? —
why keep 4000 Men at Rhode Island for nothing ? —
why Clinton's manoeuvring, marching & counter
marching? — Why not Burgoyne come to New York
first instead of Canada ? — Why not when Burgoyne
had taken Ticonderoga he did come by Sea to
York ? — Why Burgoyne send that S' Leger to Os
wego &c ? — why Howe come to Chesapeak instead of
Delaware? — why Howe did not proceed to Philadel
phia when at Hillsboro and then again at Westfield ? —
why leave the Bomb Catches behind when wanted at
Fort Island ? — why not pursue Washington's army 4th
October 1777 — when flying? — Fir'd on our own Flat
boats first come up from 2 Mediums 12 pounders at
North Side of Schuylkill. — Battle of German Town
almost surprized. Two Battalions Light Infantry ne
ver apprized th° first advanced and just laid down two
hours from Patrole — they and the 40th left one hour
Unsupported. — Why not land at South Amboy and
proceed to Philadelphia in July last ? — Sending young
officers particularly in the Engineers Dep' to Command,
as Twiss and leaving Men behind at S' Johns and one
(Twiss) who never saw a shot fired.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. I31
Why send an Army to Canada (more than woud
secure that country) and to proceed up the extensive
River of S' Lawrence and over the Lakes and Port
ages, in short whole Defiles of some hundreds of
miles, in order to make a Junction with another army
who is not intended even to cooperate with it, and
if that Junction was necessary, as it most certainly
was, why not send it directly from England to New
York ? —
A Counsellor ever unsuccessful in the Cabinet and
the Field— G'—Gr  1. [Grant]. Why Send Bur
goyne through a country he knew nothing of — ? or
the nature of the war here ? — The Bane of the British
Army throughout America has been the Sub-Dividing
of it. — Why was Clinton manoeuvring in the Jersies
previous to his co-operating with Burgoyne by pro
ceeding up the North River and which he (Burgoyne)
expected. — why not send for the 24 Pounders to Ches
ter when the Mortars and Howitzers were sent for? —
and why not again when the 13 inch mortars was sent
for ? what with the ill success of Burgoyne, they should
bend their whole Force upon our Troops at Rhode
Island and carry it — Quere, should'nt this army pro
ceed to New-York to reinforce it and secure your prin
cipal Port and Entrepdt and that in time ? In short
should such ill fortune befall us ?
Fyers sent for and ordered by Sir Wm E  k  e,
said to be by Gen1 Howe's order to make additional
works opposite Middle Ferry and Projects given him
— ditto Pitts on the Redoubts &c.
Suppose it should be determined to make Philadel
phia Head Quarters — i8' november 1777 —
Cannot an Army suppose it the Northern one —
cannonade you and bombard you & your shipping
from Cooper's Ferry and at a time when the River is
impassable for floating Ice or weak ice ?
How will New York be affected, cannot all the
Force of New England &c oppose it when youre ab
sent — Remark — Morrisania you are most vulnerable in,

132 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
not to say the best of Paulus hook & Brooklyn &
Governors Island for Cannon &c and Bomb's.
When your two armies are thus divided, you will
have difficulty in making an Expedition to Charles
Town especially just now from the Complexion of the
Times, when you are sending to New York for 3
Regts of Foot & one Cavalry.
You have just now 20.000 Souls — Stewing — Inhabi
tants of this City mostly Women and Children, many
Connected with the Rebels and principally so here.
Where is the Shipping to lay and how defended ?
None of the Line ever remain here on ace' of water &
Ice. What about the monthly Packets and Ships of war
from England — six weeks generally the Delaware is
impracticable below this for vessels, and how about
intelligence from New York ?
The 3d ins' October the first proposal for reconnoit
ring the Province Island &c and that after dark to as
certain the distances & the next day being the action,
no further orders respecting it. The 5"' Two 8 inch
Howitzers and 2 — 8 inch mortars sent for from Chester,
and the 6th in the night they returned. The 8th at
night a Battery of two medium 12 pounders on Schuyl
kill Point. The 10th made our first Battery over
Schuylkill in the night, which to the 15th early in the
morning is 4 nights interval only to the time we open'd
the Batteries. Rain & Rest intervened.
Found the meadows very extensively over flowed
and at a season that there was no remedy, not being
either at full or Change of the moon to dam the waters
out at very low tides Rebels having cut the Dykes
and destroyed the Dams.
Having secured Bridges to make previous to work
ing as the Causeways were cut up by the Rebels.
Local circumstances should be considered.
The distance not only to carry the materials (some
even from the Camp at German Town) but also to
have them deposited at the Ferry, then handled again,

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 133
to be put into Boats then to be taken out and laid on
its opposite side then taken & carried to the respective
works, distant a mile & | and notwithstanding the
Bridges &c the men in many places above their knees.
November 4th
Dear Sir
We have had Lord Cornwallis and Gen1 Gray here,
who are of opinion that the Guns can go to the front
Bank. His Lordship wishes to have the Battery at
that Place I shall therefore Build it there if I do not
Receive Contrary orders. We shall want 200 men to
Relieve the working Party in the middle of the night
I am Sir your most obd'
Rum for the Party James Moncrief
Cap' John Montresor
Chief Engineer
The Batteries that were to be constructed were in
General a fleur d'Eau and immediately under the fire
of the Rebel Floating Batteries and Gallies and small
gun Boats.
The Nights as well as the situations very unfavour
able as the moon during the whole time rose early and
clear & subject to discover us.
After wading along Causeways, through Cuts in the
Meadows and Bog Holes and reaching the spot to
work on — we had to fill the Ditch in the rear of a small
Dyke with fascines even to get a footing to work.
This Season, the fall of the year, the Waters are in
general higher & the spaces they leave slippery and
miry. Could find no people near the Works that could
give us the different Communication through these
Meadows. Had got to cut up the Darby road and Road across
the Dam leading to Grays Ferry.
Was obliged to make a Battery first at the Mouth
of the River Schuylkill on the North Side, to prevent

134 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
the Row Galleys & Floating Batteries annoying us on
Province Island.
One whole day heavy Rain & no work done & the
Succeeding day not a great deal as it overflowed and
mired the soil.
Engineers, Assistant Engineers &c all sick except
Cap' Moncrief who from fatigue was greatly worn out.
The handfull of Troops that are ordered for this
Service from the hard duty in Town and here (not be
ing scarce a night in Bed) get fatigued after a few
hours work.
Two or three days delay was caused by the Rebels
firing at the Flat from Gray's Ferry coming down to
Schuylkill Ferry — shot the 2 men who afterwards es
caped but took the Flat — another day 2 Negroes &
others made another attempt but too late in the Tide.
The Commander in Chief had not determined (at
least to us) near ten days after we arrived, that the
Fort was to be attacked.
One night an alert, which diminished the numbers
of our workmen.
Thought the Ships were to assist, and could not tell
to the contrary but what this attack was only appear
ance as (Bridge Valley Forge, Middle Bastion &c).
Working parties march Seven Miles before they can
work. One directed for Rest on account of the Over Fa
tigue. The Detachment relieved every twenty four hours.
The Detachment of Artillery relieved every 48 hours
Engineers and Artificers — not at all.
The General sends for Ordnance to Chester without
consulting the Chief Engineer ! or Commanding officer
of Artiller) and such matters as he thinks best calcu
lated for the purposes he wants them.
Of works, he orders them when he thinks most
proper, the same of their Figure, Platforms &c &c.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 35

Mem' of British Folly, not having any good subjects
of their own :
Jean Francois Gabriel De Ruvignes — io Shillings
per day as Captain of Miners and Rank of major.
Mynheer Samuel Jan Van Hollandt Surveyor Gen
eral at 2000 £ per annum Sterling.
A. B. C. D. E. F — Wallet des Barres Surveyor
General Nova Scotia — 21 Shillings per diem Sterling.
Adolphus Benzell, Surveyor General of the Woods
at 3°° £ Sterling per annum — 600 £ for loss of Bag
gage and Travelling Expenses and leave to sell his
Lieutenancy which he did not buy.
*Van de Brahm Surveyor General to the South
ward. Francis Van Phister 700 £ per annum the Niagara
carrying Place.
Lewis &c van Fuser — a major in 6o'h Reg' Assistant
Engineer — aid-de-Camp to Lord Albemarle and turned
out H. Hamilton. Quelles folies.

Memorandums.
Should the American Colonies (after all) be lost to
Great Britain, it may be attributed to a variety of un
fortunate circumstances and Blunders, &c, viz. General
Gage having all his Cabinet papers, Ministers' Let
ters, &c, and his Correspondence all stole out of a
large Closet, or Wardrobe, up one pair of Stairs on
the Landing at the Government House at Boston . . .
1775- Taking Post at Boston — a mere Libel on Common
Sense — being commanded all round — a mere Target
or Man in the Almanack, with the Points of the Swords
directed to every Feature.
* In Hugh Gaines' almanac (New York) he is called Wm de Braham
Esq"

I36 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Not purchasing the Rebel Generals ; even Israel
Putnam, of Connecticut,* might have been bought to
my certain knowledge, for one dollar per day, or 8
shillings New York Currency. The following Rebel
Generals might have been obtained at a still " melieur
marchais," viz. : —
Lasher, the Shoemaker of New York.
Heard, the Tavern-keeper of Woodbridge.
Pomeroy, the Gunsmith.
Pribble, the Tavern-keeper of Canterbury, Old
England.
Putnam, the Carpenter of Conecticut.
The singular Circumstance of the meeting of Lord
Howe and Doctor Benjamin Franklin in Cavendish-
square, previous to his Lordship's departure for taking
Command of ye Fleet in N. America.
The sending the 2 Howes out as Commanders-in-
Chief and Commissioners for restoring Peace, with the
Sword in one Hand and the Olive Branch in the
other ; and they two at the same time avowedly in the
opposition, and Friends to the Americans.
The sending three Commissioners afterwards, Earl
of Carlisle, Governor Johnstone, and Mr. Eden, and
their Secretary, Ferguson, and Johnstone with a cargo
of Washington's Pictures and Tobacco Boxes, &c,
with the brave General Washington, and the story of
Reed, Adjutant-General in the Rebel Service.
Blunders in America.
Blunder in sending General Gage with four Regi
ments to Boston.
The sending of Burgoyne on a Route where he
never had been, nor knew anything of. Commanding
officer of the Artillery a parade-man, neither knew
American service, clogged with a needless heavy train
of Artillery. No Engineer that had ever been there
* Putnam was with Montr6sor under Col. Bradstreet in 1764, and is
mentioned in his Journal of that Expedition.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 137
before ; no plans, &c. Of all absurd things, dividing
that little army, one division with Lt. Leger, and the
other with Skene, two madmen.
Sending Sir Wm. Howe to the Chesapeake. Chesa
peake left open for Rebels' remittences to France.
Clinton's permitting Washington to the Southward, by
believing a letter left in his way, saying New York
was to be attacked.
Lord Cornwallis going through an extensive wilder
ness, and at last all Prisoners. Example, vide Brad
dock. Clinton leaving Mud Island and all works
standing in 1778, after being spoke to twice by me
respecting blowing them up, for which Chambers were
all prepared. At last forgot it. Also of the nation
leaving all those on the Continent standing, and the
Stores of Philadelphia full, and dismantled the works,
without saying a word to me, the Chief Engineer.
Sir Wm. Howe omitted sending an Engineer with
Count Dunop up to Red Bank, and Dunop himself
took no Tools. Behold the consequences.
"Clinton forgot, and his Engineers, to take Tools to
the attack of Fort Montgomery. Fuego y Spada salva
pour sores Americanorum. The war in this country
should have been carried on as Dean Tucker men
tioned, and a Fleet on this Coast.
String of Blunders, and wound up by the greatest
blunder of all Blunders, a Blundering disgraceful Peace
of 1783.
Quaere? Why did not Col. Stirling go on when ad
vanced up to Billingsport, to Manto Creek, and pro
ceed to Red Bank ?
Why did we not contract our circle, instead of keep
ing our Force so divided, and give greater weight to
our attacks toward Mud Island ?
Why leave that garrison at Wilmington from fhe
Battle of Brandywine until  -, and wou'dn't it have
been considered better that they had joined Colonel
Sterling, with the 42nd and 10th Regiments, and taken
post at Red Bank ?

138 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
When the Commander-in-Chief remarked that noth
ing had been done for 3 weeks past at Philadelphia, &c.
(in reference to the Siege of Mud Island), Quaere
whether that might not be retorted (with submission)
at Germantown ?
Why not come to Philadelphia, at least nearer to it,
after the possession of it, and open the communication,
in stead of three weeks at Germantown ?
Why were our Bomb Catches left behind ?
Why never raise any Light Horse, when found so
serviceable ?
Why never pursue the Enemy when the day was
our own ?
Why that perpetual Pont D'or — ?
Whether, commencing this war with fire and sword,
it would not have been crushed long ere this, October,
September 18, 1778:- — Discovered from a variety of
Informations that Intelligence is constantly transmitted
to the Rebels of our movements from time to time, and
that from our British Senate, both Upper and Lower
House, particularly the latter, in the Correspondence
with the Arch Rebels, Demagogues, and Rebel Gen
erals, viz. from Burke to Dr. Franklin, Fox to Barre,
to General Cadwallader, &c, &c.
"Hail, happy Country ! that can thus disclose
Thy inmost secrets to thy deadliest foes." *
[Extracts from Co1 John Montresor's Journal of his
Tour in France, Germany and Switzerland in the
years 1785 and 86.]
I was asked twice what would have been the most
effectual method of putting an end to the American
Rebellion, upon general heads, but frequently since on
particular parts, that might have become the means of
crushing that Hydra.
* To emphasize the expression of his feelings in quoting the above
lines, he writes them in his Journal in red ink.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 39
October 18* 1786 Duke Ferdinand regnant, of
Brunswick questioned me in a very military manner re
specting the war in America during the four and twenty
campaigns that I had served there.
My reasons for the ill success of yf late war in
America.
Factions in both Houses of Parliament — Debates
previous to Execution — Correspondence from mem
bers to rebels — Not a sufficient number of Troops at
first — Length of time before declared in rebellion —
Repeal of Stamp act — Not accepting Prince Ferdi
nand's offer — Not but \ as many Engineers as the
Enemy — No previous Place d'Armes and Arcenals, as
observed by the late King of Prussia — Store Ships,
ordnance &c by Rebel Masters — Not executing spies
as Hutchins &c — Giving discreet Powers and yet re
sponsibility — Secretary of State's, letters, yea and pri
vate pay — Succession of Commanders in chief, each a
campaign lost — helped encouraging desertions — Per
severing in Lord North's mal-administration — Releas
ing Co1 Ethan Allen and treating at all with rebels —
Costive in rank and no orders of merit — o. p — our vic
tories — Want, sinews, cash — ditto Information — Gov
ernment should have bought, early rebels — Farce of
Commissioners and Governor Johnston's pictures and
Mrs Read &c — Trial of Rebel Boat from Tarry town
— Unfortunate delay of Byron's Fleet — A series of
Fatalities — A String of Blunders — Officers resigna
tions from neglect — Want of Camp-equippage from
England in time particularly in 1777. — Quelque fois
des mauvais Conseilleurs. Become unavoidably a war
of Posts chiefly for the protection of the Loyalists,
which ever drew our little army — The length of Time
before America was declared in Rebellion — and then
by Mr. Grenville. — No order vested in the British
Commander in chief to punish a Hessian soldier with
death — Inattention paid to General Gage's letters of

I40 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
the hostile Intentions of ye rebels — Or to Sir Wm.
Howe's about the supply of Troops — and not Cutting
when ye rebels had formed Alliances with France
Spain and Holland and without waiting for the pros
pect of one — Not attention paid Indians by presents
&c &c — Burke corresponded with Franklin and
avowed it — Fox declared that had he been in America
he would be the first that would have taken up arms
in its defence — The tardiness in sending Troops out
and when sent insufficient not sent out as Lord Town-
shend said of the war before like Beef Steaks — Hot
and Hot ' — No loss (in my humble opinion) that of
the American Colonies except the Point of Honour in
not being able to maintain them " mais au contraire en
la chenal de la Commerce." 
Le Jeune Comte de Rochambeau said to — Drake
that Co1 Tarleton has no merit as an officer, but that
bravery that every Grenadier has — but is a Butcher
and a Barbarian. 
King of Prussia gave his Works to Signor Locasini
an Italian and Grand Chamberlain, Comte de Mira
beau is at Berlin and 'tis said, sent by the Court of
France to collect the King of Prussia's papers in order
to write his History. His |Honour ye Count, by the
bye is a d — d Impudent Fellow to my knowledge. —
Princess Augusta, Duke of Brunswick's sister is an
abbess, though a Protestant, having convents of that
Religion which is an Excellent Institution for super
annuated maidens. Comte de Mirabeau had the as
surance to ask the abbess Princess Augusta whether
the great Bronze Lion which stands in the Centre of a
Square (and Fronts prince Ferdinand's house) was
one of their Saints ? which she could not help men
tioning to Mrs Montresor remarking several other
Traits of the Count's modesty. 
14 October 1786. Paid all the necessary visits of
Etiquette preparatory to our being presented at Court
(Brunswick). —
October 1 8th— Ladies knit at the Play, even maids

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. I41
of Honour, Countess Schulenburgh &c. Great good
ness of Heart and public Generosity and hospitality at
ye court of Brunswick and the same of all the House
hold gentle and simple.
28th October 1786. At Hesse Cassel myself and Sons
dined at Lieu' General Knyphausen's, Governor of
Cassel, which Mrs Montresor insisted on though so
ill — observed that almost every court has a Mirabeau.
Many English Customs introduced here since the
Return of ye Hessian troops from America. [On the
31st October they took leave of the Court at Hesse
Cassel, and the writer adds :] Met with the greatest
politeness and attention even to Friendship at the
Landgravine's court and from all the Household who
seem to be good and hospitable, which I cannot say
has been altogether the case else where amongst all
our old Hessian Generals and Colonels that I served
with besides other Generals &c we brought letters to.
'Tis true we dined one day at Lieut General Knyp-
hausens, who has a pension of j£300 sterling from
Great Britain. —
Bon mot. Told in France of Lord Howe by Lord
Drummond of  . That at anchor on the Coast of
North America in a very hard Gale of wind, one of
his Lieutenants reported to his Lordship with concern
" that his Anchors were come home." He replied
" Well, no wonder ! for who the Devil would be
abroad such weather."

A State of Facts respecting the present distressed situ
ation of the Corps of British Engineers princi
pally with regard to their Want of Rank, by John
Montresor
How far my Rank of Captain is adequate to my
special Commission as Chief Engineer in America.
The Corps of Engineers appear to me to be at this
very period at its lowest Ebb.

I42 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Do not observe any one to seem inclined to rescue
them from their Lethargy and supiness.
No fixed Pension for their Widows.
A Super Annuated Chief Engineer of England dying
with an Asthma for 25 years past.
No Chief Engineer ever heard of in the operations
of a Campaign unless he should be fortunate enough
to have a Contusion in his Boot.
How inconsistant are the Emoluments of a Lieu'
General tacked to a 7 shilling six penny Rank.
How Insignificant must a Chief Engineer of America
seem with the simple travelling Apellation of Captain
and Quere, whether there ever was a similar instance
of so extensive a Command with so flimsy a Rank,
when Deputy Quarter master Generals have rank as
Lieu' Colonel.
The great Distress our Corps labours under for
want of a proper Rank (not being able to rise in any
other Corps &c) has been daily demonstrated to me
for some years past, as I scarce ever move from my
Quarters but what I meet a Platoon of General officers
of my own Standing in the Army.
The Principal in every Department far Exceeding
the Chief Engineer in rank — nay — even their Deputies,
particularly in that of the Quarter master and Adjutant
General's Department.
Never supported at home or abroad. Your answers
from the Board (if any) always evasive especially if on
the subject of maintaining your Right, the Board al
ways submitting the matter and referring you to the
Commander in Chief, " in all Cases what so ever."
Our Rank rather an Injury to us particularly as far
as a Captain, which when without Quarters &c &c was
at least as a field officer and every Subaltern as a Com
missary &c instead of two in a Room.
When Appeals have been made in respect to Rank
especially in Sir Jeffrey Amherst's time 'twas always
deemed against the Engineer. Example Bastide, Mr
Kellar, Weston &c &c &c

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 143
^ Why I might not have had the Rank of Lieu'
Colonel in America as well as Colonel Roy in Ger
many ? I mention this only that a precedent was not
wanting. Col Roy was then a Captain Lieu' as was
General Robert Clerk at Rochfort a Lieu', myself one
of the oldest Captains in the Army and no less than
29 years in the King's service and that abroad, 24 of
which in the Field, had served in 18 actions, under 14
Commanders in Chief, been much wounded, a Ball
still in my Body, had my Lieutenancy in 48th Reg'
wrested from me, my Baggage often been taken by
the Enemy without any Restitution for it, Independent
of losses by the American Rebellion which I shall not
here enumerate, not to mention my pretensions from
Family services back to the fourth Generation.
How far the Rank of Captain is adequate to an
Officer of the first importance and with the largest
army that Britain ever sent into the Field and in the
hour of her greatest Distress, I leave the world to
Judge. Conceive only that in so capital an Expedition as
that with Gen1 Grant to the W Indies consisting of ten
compleat British Battalions & three Companies of
artillery & its Atiraille. my detaching as Commanding
Engineer a Lieu' of Engineers Mr Pitts, not from his
Rank as may be supposed, but from his approved abili
ties. Remark. Lieu' Pitts, a subaltern 13 or 14 years.
Engineers cannot rise as the rest of the Army by pre
ferment in any other Corps.
In making the proportional Rank between the En
gineers and Artillery (which I never had the least Idea
of) they were form'd much about the same time, the
Artillery now are increased to 4 Battalions and 4 full
Colonels, — we merely continue the same & with one
Colonel Only.
Present Situation of the Corps, respecting the
B  d of Ord  e.
Master General  A weather cock
Lieu' do  An Iron Man

144 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Surveyor General .... A meer sordid Con- )
tractor Tottering V
to the Horizon. )
Secretary  A man of business,
but who never
gets through it. .
Chief Engineer  In Ccelo quies.
" Sic transit gloria mundi" )• f -**
" Tempus labitur et nihil Agitur" j -*'
Lieu' Colonels Williamson, Garth &c wisely quitting
the Corps at the time they did, and their present rank
is a Demonstration of the Dull Rotation of our forgot
ten Corps.
The Cruelty of that despotic Power of Commanders
in Chief abroad, not only disposing of the Corps
singly & severally as a Corps, but even out of their
Line, as aid de Camps, Deputy Quarter master Gen
erals, Assistant Quarter master Generals Companions,
as Haldane to General Jones &' And that for a scien-
tifick Body, is too bad to Relate, viz' when I Com
manded, Mulcaster with Sir Wm Howe, Mercer Sir
Harry Clinton, Robertson D. A. mr Gen1 Dumford A
D. Qm G1 Haldane Companion to m. G1 Daniel Jones,
not to mention Twiss with General Phillip &c and the
consequences, as Lieu' Gordons returning from Can
ada on that Account,
The tedious Rank the Engineers have to that of
Captain & even then has been a palpable Injury to
them in almost every instance and no stronger one
than in losing their presiding on the Calling of the Re
spective officers together.
Perhaps it may be stated, the Engineers have a
kind of proportional Rank among themselves as to
Regiments. Answer — they have not, and a great addi
tion are wanted of Engineers, as witness, the great
Expense Government is at abroad for Assistants. The
addition of 8 being made at the Tail instead of the
Head only made the preferment in that Corps a more
uphill piece of business.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 45
Again in the present system of the Corps — you can
but be Colonel, should you arrive to be even chief
Engineer of England.
The Insignificance of our rank was never more
obvious than in Sir Wm Howe's Letter to Lord Geo
Germaine, respecting the taking of mud Island, com
paring his General Orders of thanks Philadelphia 16
november 1777 and his Public Letter dated Philadel
phia 28 november 1777.
It may be asked wherein lies the disproportion of
Rank in the Corps of Engineers as respecting the
army in General ? The Army have one Colonel in
every three Field officers, the Engineers, one one in
seven, and that single Colonel to no less than 69
officers. The much greater Encouragement given by foreign
nations to this Profession than our Own with respect
to Rank.
The Dull Rotation of our Corps cannot be more de
monstrated, than there having not been but one Change
in the person of Chief Engineer for these Forty years.
Every new Levy serves to provide for the Army with
respect to Promotion but not to us.
The great necessity of an Augmentation to this
Corps is very apparent in the N° of Ass' Engineers
abroad which are robbing the Reg'5 of so many good
officers & often employing Les Ignorants.
Whether it may not be thought very Extraordinary !
that Chief Engineers with Armies on foreign service
should have scarce any Rank, when even Deputy
Quarter masters &c are indulged with Lieu' Colonels
Rank. In short all officers, principals of Departments,
but those of this Branch.
Officers in the Army may be promoted in upwards
of one hundred Corps, the Engineers as a scientifick
Body, can be but to one Only.
The Corps of Engineers are unhappily so situated,
that nothing but Deaths or Resignations of their Sen
iors, can possibly give them Rank. _

I46 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Again, waving all comparative Promotions between
this and other Corps how very faulty is its Establish
ment, respecting their Rank, how inadequate to their
consequence both in the Field and garrisons when com
pared to their Importance and what is Expected from
them. Pray who is, or should determine in the cab
inet and Execute the nature of your Defences or who
is intrusted with the disposal of the Expences ? why
the Engineer.
An instance how this Corps is checked in its Promo
tion was evidently demonstrated when I was Aid de
Camp to Sir William Howe when officers some Junior
were provided for when Aid de Camps at the very time
Cuyler, Balfour Gardiner, Knight and Fox and because
my consequence abroad was such as could not permit
me to be sent home I was neglected.
This singular Anecdote is well worthy of notice in
order to show how inadequate our Rank is to our time
of service and Consequence. Having ask'd Sir William
Howe for the Rank of Colonel for Mr Edward Cole to
raise and Command a Rhode Island Reg' in which I
succeeded, at the same time could not obtain a major's
Brevet when Chief Engineer in America, and that by
an especial Commission from the King.
When Major Dixon returned from the Command of
the Engineers Department in America, after having
served in it ten months he was requited with a settle
ment of Ten shillings per diem for life, Captain Mon
tresor after 24 years and with the aforementioned
services, not noticed. Page, served Eleven days and
was then wounded and return'd home and had ten
shillings per diem settled for life.
I think upon the whole there never was so great a
command as mine with so trifling a Rank since Britain
had an army in the Field, and with a Commission from
his majesty running thus— viz' " Chief Engineer of
America." The within minutes are merely meant as a Prima
facie or Outline of the present distressed Establishment

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 147
of the Corps of Engineers principally intended to set
forth the numberless disadvantages that Corps labors
under for the want of proper Rank and which was
stated in a very masterly manner in a Pamphlet pub
lished in 1 768 Entitled " Considerations on the Estab
lishment of the British Engineers," to which In Order
to show how little the Corps of Engineers are attended
to even in Comparison to the Artillery see Sir Wil
liam Howe's Letter to Lord George Germaine on the
taking of mud Island dated from Philadelphia.
Again, see the Debates in the House of Commons
in the middle of December 1783 upon the Purchasing
Sir Gregory Page's House on .Black Heath for the
Royal Military Academy where the Engineers are not
mentioned all along and where the Artillery are.
It's rather Extraordinary that in a Countrey where the
Arts and Sciences are so much encouraged that a
scientifick Body and of so important a nature, that the
very Defence of the Realm depends upon, should be
so totally neglected.
Captain Montresor s Itinerary in America &¦
Europe — between 1743 and 1778 —
1 743. From Gibralter to England
1750 From England to Gibralter
1753 ] From Gibralter to Barcelona & Marseilles &
1754 j From Marseilles to Gibralter,
1754. From Gibralter to England
1754. From England to Virginia in America
1755. From Hampton in Virginia to Alexandria up
Potowmack River.
1757 From New York to Halifax nova Scotia.
1757 From Halifax to New York
1758. From New York to Halifax
1758. From Halifax to Louisbourg
1759. From Louisbourg to Quebec
1760. From Boston to Halifax & to Quebec
1760. From Quebec to Montreal and returned

148 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
1 76 1. Crossed the Eastern Lakes From Quebec to
New England and returned.
1762. Crossed the northern Lakes from Quebec to N
York
1763. Crossed the western Lakes from New York to
Detroit and returned.
1 764 Crossed the western Lakes from N York to De
troit and returned.
1766. From New York to Falmouth in Old England
1767 From Falmouth in Old England to N York
1768 From N York to Boston by the sound
1 769 From New York to New Providence Bahama
1770 From New Providence to New York
1771 ) From N York to Boston & back 2 Trips per an-
1772 ( num to and fro.
1773 )
I774 — From N York to the northern Lakes and re
turned
1776 — From Boston to Halifax
T776 — From Halifax to New York
1777 — From N York to the Head of Elk at the Head
of Chesepeak Bay
1778 — From Philadelphia to N York —
1778 — From N York to Corke in Ireland and from
thence to England,

II.
Fort Edward, 1757. John Montresor.
' January 30th. Commenced in carrying on the
works. 3 18'. Left this place Mr Gordan Engineer relieved
by me for Albany.
February i8.,h Came up a Detachment in lieu of the
sick sent down from the two Forts. Made a Demand
of men for clearing the stones and hawlingthem up as

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 49
also for clearing the Parapets and Bastions of the
snow which was refused as all the Garrison off duty
being ordered for felling of timber.
Febr. 19. All the Artificers ordered by Major Sparke
to go with the working Party to fell wood. Got 9 men
to cut the Skow out of the water, the other the smaller
is in the middle of yc River. Finished the Redoubt
and spoke to yc major for the Guard for it. Detached
the Corps for helving ye axes and the Smiths to repaire
them. March 4th. Acquainted Major Sparke that I should
send the Carpenters in the wood to square timber, that
t' would be necessary to have as well, covering parties
which he refused. Also as there were sleighs here
t' would be of service to bring in the Pallisades, which
he refused.
5th Finished the Guard room in the Ravelin, for 1
Gunner, 1 Serjeant, and 10 men — acquainted the ma
jor. 6th. No Guards in the Ravelin Guard room.
13*. This day went down Morton to bring up the
Horses by Mr Gordon Esqr for the Works here.
19*. Fort William Henry Attacked. Signals an
swered by our Fort at 9 o'clock in the morning.
24th Came in Sir William Johnson and militia.
27th Went down the Detachment of the two Regi
ments to Albany & the Detachment of Otways to Fort
William Henry.
29th Came in the Detachment 44th & 48 from Fort
Wm Henry Commanded by Major Eyre.
30th — The Detachment could not march for the
weather &?
31". Received orders and that Detachment
marched. April i8' — 1757. Set out for Albany pursuant to the
Chief Engineer's orders & arrived the same evening
at Saratoga.
2nd Set out from Saratoga and arrived at the Half
moon Major Eyre's Garrison arrived at Albany. (

150 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
3rd Set out from Half moon and arrived that even
ing at Albany.
4th Arrived part of a Battalion of ye Royal Ameri
cans to march to Schenectady.
5'.h Arrived the Remainder to march to Schenectiday.
6th Arrived an Independent Company.
9th Laid out the Garden for the General Hospital.
Marched the Battalion for Schnectady.
n'h Orders from Lord Loudon, the Artillery to go
down to York.
13th Surveyed and gave a sketch to General Aber-
crombie of the Garden & Environs the spot computed
to be 6 acres & f .
This day set out General Abercrombie for York.
16th Embarked for York ye artillery.
May 9* Orders for yc Regiment to Embark.
io'h Received orders for the General and Captain
French's immediately to embark for York. I joined the
Company and set sail this afternoon.*
IIth. Run aground, got off and sailed.
12th Fair wind & 13th at York, arrived the whole
Reg' found encamped on the Island the 22d and 2 Bat
talions of Royal Americans.
14* Encamped outside ye Stockade also the 44th
1 6th Arrived yc Highlanders & Encamped \ mile
to yc Northwards.
19th Recd pay as Assistant Engineer H2,£. 148 id
for 322 days at 7/ per diem from 14. May 1756 to 31
March 1757. Lord Loudon reviewed our 3 Reg'8
from Albany viz' 42? 44'!" 48* Received orders at Roll
Calling not to take off our clothes without orders — Of
ficers not men & to call the roll at twelve at night.
20th Invested the place at 2 o'clock this morning,
in order to press men for seamen for the transports.
Orders for 1 serj' & 20 men of 5 Companies of the 3
* He was ordered to Louisbourg, under Wolfe. Ensign Demler, En
gineer, was sent by Col. James Montresor November 4,h 1758 — with
"Orders and Instructions for finishing the works at Fort Edward".
The list of requirements consist of 13 Items, drawn out in Col Montre
sor's handwriting.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 5 I
Reg'8 to embark on board their respective transports
the 5 sub of ye 48* Embarked this day with 20 men
on board the Queen Esther riding in New York Har
bour. 24* May. 1757. Signal given for sailing. 21 Trans
ports fell down to the Hook.
26* Sailed our transports and anchored in the nar
rows in company with ye Elizabeth of our Division.
28* Sailed and joined the Remainder of the Fleet
at anchor within the Hook.
June 2d Came down the Admiral's ship and hoisted
his flag (Boscawen) from the 20 Gun Ship on board
the Sutherland 50 Gun Ship.
August i8'. Orders to embark our heavy Baggage.
2nd Embarkd our Brigade Commanded by Lord
Charles Hay for Cape Breton.
4th Arrived a prize taken by ye Gosport from Louis
bourg bound to old France, got intelligence of ye force
there and found letters concealed in her fish.
5tK Disembarked Royal & Majr Arrived ye Wind
sor Bomb Catch & prize with an ace' of the Force at
Louisbourg — 5 regiments to remain Royal & Scotch
& Brags garrison — -Halifax.
6th Fell down the Fleet & Transports below yc Isl
and 7 Ships of ye Line consisting of 17 Sail ahead of
us in order to be ready to proceed to cruize off Louis
bourg the Is' Wind.
7th Arrived orders for yc Transports in case of
reparation to rendez-vous at New York.

III.
Seige of Louisbourg, 1758.
1758 March 29. I arrived at N York from my Can
tonment by order of Major Gen1 Abercrombie Com* in
chief specified to me by the Chief Engineer that I was

152 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
appointed an Engineer on the Establishment & to act
also in America that I was ordered by the Board of
Ordnance to proceed with the Expedition to the North
ward, but was countermanded by the Comm' in Chief
& to proceed with the troops for Louisbourg. In this
Harbour the Hampshire Diana and Scarborough.
30th Came in an Express from Boston. Accounts
of the arrival of his Majesty's Ship the Boreas.
31s' Arrived here the Command of the 48th Reg' 300
men, from Livingston's Manor in order to join their
Reg1 at their Cantonments in the Jerseys. The Reg1
to proceed to Philadelphia to embark for N York on
board of transports provided there for them, as also for
the 35th & Battalion of yc Royal Americans & to sail
to new York for their Convoy.
April i8.' The Ordnance ships loading as fast as
possible with stores for the Expedition. Seven pro
vided for that purpose. At the Ordnance wharf on
that part of the town fronting the North River.
1 2th Major Eyre's ordered as Engineer to Fort Ed
ward immediately. Cap' Gordan appointed Engineer
for the Southern Expedition.
i3,h Arrived here from Albany the 17th & 2 2d Reg1"8
& ordered to remain on board their respective Sloops
till their transports are ready to receive them. The
44th Reg' ordered to Albany. Theres 5 Royal Artil
lery Ships now loading the Dublin.
14th. Letters recd from the Chief Engineer at Halifax
Col Bastide who arrived with Admiral Sir Cha8 Hardy
who was gone from thence to cruise off Louisbourg.
15th Arrived in this harbour the Prince of Orange
Privateer, her hands pressed as all vessells are when
they come in. Gen1 Forbes set out from this place
for Philadelphia for the Southern Expedition.
1 6th July. Arrived the Squirrel from Halifax, and
transports from South Carolina of the Is' Battalion ot
the North Americans.
18th I set out for Trenton to settle the accounts with
the Regiment.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 53
21s' Returned from Trenton and arrived at New
York. Came in a frigate from England with Dis
patches for the Commander in chief.
22nd. Arrived the Devonshire with the Storeships
& empty transports. Orders given out this day for
all officers to repair on board their respective trans
ports bound to Halifax Field officers & Staff officers
Exceptd. 24* Fell down the Dublin Artillery Ship to the
Narrows. Recd from Co1 James Montresor Esqr the
letter for the Chief Engineer Col Bastide.
25* Came down to the Hook the Commodore, Di
ana frigate who was saluted by the Winchelsea. Our
forecastle caught fire but was presently extinguished.
A Gale of wind at W. S. W.
26th Wrote to the Chief Engineer. Fell down our
ship the Dublin from the Narrows to Sandy Hook.
Fell down the fleet of empty transports from the Nar
rows where they were at anchor, to the Hook, with
their Convoy, Hind &c, the Devonshire at anchor
with' the Hook.
May 3rd Set sail ye Fleet. Arrd here from New
York the Hampshire with Lord Loudoun to proceed
to England. Signals fir'd this day from the Commo
dore for unmooring. The wind fair from the last day of
April for the fleet. The fleet sail'd, the Hampshire in
Company the whole consisting of about 58 sail. Saw
the Devonshire at anchor — 7 leagues from the land,
the Hampshire saluted the Commodore & the Devon
shire brought up the Rear.
4* Join'd the Fleet, the Devonshire which brought
up the rear, she saluted the Commodore. A signal
from the Europe Cap' Williamson, a Blue Jack on the
foretop, mast head for the Ordnance ships to bear
down under her stern, he hail'd us & told us to keep
near him as his ship was a bad sailer. Convoy to the
Fleet, Devonshire 74, Ludlow Castle 40, Diana 32,
Gramont Sloop, Hunter Sloop and Winchelsea 20,
Hampshire 50, the two last quitted the Fleet one, the

154 JOURNALS of CAPT. JOHN montresor.
former for Carolina, the latter for England. The Hind
& the Ann ship waited for the Transport Falmouth
with part of the 2 2d Reg' on board, who had her Ensign
wipp'd when we sail'd and she at anchor.
6th Becalmed this night and in a fog, the fleet very
nigh one another, a very great swell, obliged to ring
the Bell and beat the Drum at night.
8th The wind at South West, very fair.
12th. Le Due de Gramont Sloop of War passed
through the Fleet & hail'd each Transport that had
troops on board to anchor at Halifax, as nigh him as
possible & not to proceed up to the Town.
15* Went ahead of the Fleet Le Due de Gramont
Sloop of War to look out for Land, she returned about
1 2 o'clock at night with ace'8 that she had sounded in
40 fathoms coarse ground & that the Cape (Sambro)
bore N. E, they having seen it. The Commodore
made the Signal immediately for lying to.
i6'h. Set sail at 4 o'clock. & found the Bearings
according to the Gramont's ace' we being to the West
ward of the Port. The wind foul & obliged to trip it,
Cape Sambro Bearing about 5 leagues N. E. Came
off some Pilot Boats to the Ships of War. Our trans
port ran foul of a Cat but no damage done to us.
Came to an anchor & most of the Fleet. Found on
our arrival Admiral Boscawen's Fleet. The Rangers
under the Command of Major Scott encamped on the
East side of the R opposite Halifax calld Dartmouth,
composed of a number of men from each Regiment
with the Provincials. Found in the Harbour a French
frigate sent in by Sir Charles Hardy.
17th Came in the Centurion. Waited on Col Bas
tide, Chief Engineer and delivered him my letters
from Co1 Montresor. Arrived some of Anstruthers.
19* Received Orders verbally from Co1 Bastide
chief Engr to proceed to George Island in order to
distribute the Gabions, Pallisades Hurdles, Pikes,
Boards & Plank on board the following Transports
appointed for that purpose viz', Unity, Prince George,

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 55
Proserpine, Armilla. & John Thomas. Recd the same
day Orders in writing from the Chief Engr to assist Mr
Hamilton, Mr Alexander in loading the Boats with the
proper materials &c to be equally distributed to each
ship. Employed this day on the above service, came
on the Island the Admiral (Boscawen). Made my
report at night Remark. I finding the long Boat of
the 4 transports insufficient to transport the fascines
&c I loaded the Gondolas that returned from the East
ern Shore with Pickets & fascines which was approved
of by the Chief Engineer & received his verbal order
to detain these for that purpose. Sailed the Royal
William & 2 more ships of ye Line in order to join Sir
Charles Hardy.
20th I continued on George Island. Employ'd the
men in loading the small craft & shipping the Gabions
with Picketts & fascines. Came in the Hind of 20
Guns & the Armed with the Falmouth transport that
we had left behind when the fleet sailed from New
York. 2 18' I continued on George Island, employed the
working party as before. Orders this day that in all
probability the Granadiers & 3 first Battalions will
land first & not to pursue too far. That an officer of
artillery & 2 field pieces hold himself in readiness to
go on board a sloop with a number of pioneers for
 not known. Came in an ace' that Sir Charles
Hardy had taken 3 Provision ships, 5 long Boats from
the men of war Alladad and Islam.
22nd The weather bad. No working party. Tis
recommended by the Admiral for landing that each
man be loaded with one brace of balls.
23rd Went on the working party on the Island
(Georges Ild) Consisting of 1 Serjeant & 9 men only.
Employed them in loading the small craft for the
Transports appointed for that service. Fell down 3
Transports Cha8 Lyon, Richd & Mary (& the Charles
not cleared sufficient to be loaded.)
24* The working party as usual consisting of 3 Ser-

156 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
jeants, 24 men employed them in shipping the Gabions,
loading the Boats for the Transports. Orders for the
troops to disembark tomorrow & land on the East
side to show them the sort of loading by brigades that
is with a proviso that the Fleet should not sail.
Signal for the troops Rendezvous — r Gun from the
North Bastion and that for the Disembarcation a mus
ket discharged. The wind foul & foggy.
25th Working party as usual consisting of 1 officer,
1 Serjeant, 1 Cap' and 60 men, employed them as be
fore. The ships not all ready for receiving the stores,
fell down the Mary, Transport for to be loaded. Or
ders from Co1 Bastide to Cap' S. Williamson to attend
on the Island to morrow. 3 B L's gone to the East
shore & 3 here. All the Pickets expended in ship
ping the last. All the troops disembarked on the
East side in there long boats tow'd by their yawls.
The Wind foul and foggy.
26* Continued our working party as before, em
ployed them in shipping of gabions & employed this
day 1 Officer, 1 Engineer, Captain & 58 men. The
troops disembarked as before. The wind foul & foggy.
27th This day one man scalped, 1 taken away & one
wounded on the Dartmouth side by the Indians while
getting wood & water.
28* By Break of day, 3 Guns fired from the Battery
opposite the Governor's house, the signal for no offi
cers or soldiers to be seen on shore. About 7 o'clock
fired the signal gun for sailing & all got under way.
By 4 o'clock PM we cleared Cape Sambro. The
Wind at North. Saw several sail about 9 in number
to the S. W of West. One or two sloops of war &
a Bomb signal vessell joined us the Gramont went to
reconnoitre them. About 7 o'clock began to bear
away along shore. The Wind about to the westward.
Lost the Fleet, foggy weather, the wind foul.
June i8'. Hazy & found ourselves consisting of
about 60 sail separated from the men of war, not one
being in sight. We steering off the Gut of Canso.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 57
The Captain of the Vessell opened his Rendezvous
letter in case of separation, which was to sail off Lou
isbourg. About 5 o'clock PM, saw the Fleet to Wind
ward, the wind foul & was standing in for the Shore
upon the Fleet discerning us, 3 Ships of war bore
down before the wind & brought up our rear. Small
winds. 2nd June. The Hunter sloop of War fir'd a Gun &
made a signal for our fleet to bear down under his
stern. About 6 o'clock becalmed. Steer'd along
shore, saw a watch tower 4 leagues to yc North of us
with Breakers close to it, near the Town of S Mary's.
Another remarkable Island, bearing N E of us & west
of the other with Breakers, 2 small Islands between it
& the land about 4 leagues from the main land. All
the ships of War came to an anchor in Gaberus Bay
& the greatest part of y" Fleet.
3rd Four o'clock Am. The wind very fair. Several
of the fleet at anchor in Gaberus Bay & 10 sail of
Ships of War, they anchored on the west side of the
Bay to Leaward of several small Islands or riefs. The
Frigates surrounding the whole fleet to protect them
from Insults from the Ennemy on shore. Several of
them anchored opposite to the Ennemys Camp &
Batteries, which began about 7 o'clock am and con
tinued the whole day to play on them which was re
turned as hot by the Frigates & their small arms from
their round tops. By way of Experiment they landed
some men under their oWn fire who were ordered to
return immediately which they did & received a smart
fire from the enemy. The Ennemy's Camp surround
ing the whole Bay in small parties with a great many
fires, some small Distance from the shore. By ap
pearance having made an insignificant Entrenchment
all around the Bay to prevent our landing. This day
was sent on board the Frigates 10 Cohorns to play on
the Enemy with some of the Royal Artillery. Orders
for the troops to land when the signal is given as per
General Orders. Observed one of the Enemys small

I58 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Magazines blown up. Also observed great Numbers
of Indians & several ships in yc Harbour consisting of
about 1 2 sail, some large ships.
4th One Captain 3 Lieutenants of the Artillery or
dered with two ordnance Transports to the East of
Louisbourg Harbour under the Command of Co1
Welsh. The Kensington & Trent still Engaging the
enemy also yc Gramont Provision Sloop &c. The
Kensington has 4 killed and 7 wounded by the Ene-
mys Cannon, 4 pounders. Very foggy weather, a
great swell & blowing fresh the fleet lowered their
yards & Topmasts. Several vessells drove. The
Sutherland fir'd ; made signals of distress but was re
lieved by the Etna fire ship. A vessel with troops
ran on the rocks but the troops saved.
5th. Preparations for landing the troops but the surf
& fog prevented it. From the Ennemys Battery on
the Easternmost part of the Bay they threw 4-8 inch
shells but did no execution though they fell very nigh
some of the Ordnance store-ships that were at anchor
near the shore.
6th. An attempt to land the boats with troops assem
bled at the Rendezvous, but the wet weather, fog &
surf again prevented its being put in Execution. The
troops retired to their transports by 12 o'clock. The
Ennemy keeping a smart fire upon the Boats that
make their appearance near the shore when recon
noitering. 7th This day went out one frigate — 11 Sloops & a
Schooner Brag's Reg' on board steering to the East
ward. A great surf & swell in ye Bay, as the wind
was off the shore. Great probability of landing this
night. Seems likely to be mild. General orders as
per General order, Demanding great silence upon our
disembarkation & no cheering, as the General is con
vinced of the zeal & vigour of his troops which is to be
to morrow by Dawn of Day.
8th The Troops landed in 3 Divisions, the two first
about 4 o'clock, they under a heavy fire from the

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 59
Enemy, the last Division about 5 o'clock, Commanded
by Major General Whitmore, that of the right, the left
by Laurence & Center by Wolf. The frigates kept an
incessant fire & lost some men from the Ennemy's
Batteries. Our army immediately took possession of
the heights. About \ an hour after 8 the fire ceased on
both sides. Arriv'd Sir Charles Hardy & his fleet as
also appeared the frigate & sloops that sailed the 7th
ins' to the Eastward. No orders for the Engineers
landing or Artillery. The Ennemy's fire lasted \ an
hour. The parapets of Log. As soon as the troops
landed the Boats made a second Disembarcation. The
Enemy set fire to all their Environs & outworks. Great
surf on the shore & 1 officer & 25 Grenadiers of
Amhurst's drowned on their landing.
9th Continued Disembarking the Troops Camp Equi
page, very foggy & great surf. A report that a ship
of the Line belonging to the French with a Battalion on
board got in the harbour. Orders from the Chief
Engineer that the Engineers meet the Engineer in
second at Head Quarters, or the Artillery Park. The
Artillery to disembark to morrow.
io'h Disembark'd the Engineers & waited at Head
Quarters. Reconnoitred the Ennemy's works, they
fired 2 or 3 Cannon shot. Artillery Engagement
near the Garrison betwixt our Irregulars & the Enne-
mies. Very little loss on either side. The Rangers
brought in 4 of the Ennemies Horses out of the woods.
Sir Charles Hardy came to an anchor out of the Bay
close to the mouth of the Harbour. Reconnoitered
the Harbour & found there to be 10 sail of Shipping, 5
of which appeared to be from 50 to 70 gun ships.
11th The Engineers went out reconnoitering the
Ennemy's works, Fleet &c. Came on shore the Chief
Engineer. This Evening the Ennemy fir'd 2 or 3 shots
at the reconnoitering parties. I took the bearings of
several parts of the Garrison & Fortification from the
rising ground, to the left of the place from our encamp
ment. The rangers brought 2 or 3 more horses, 20

l60 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
men & killed a calf in the wood. A great surf, land
ing the Provisions.
12"' Landed the 6 light 6 pounders. Landed
Braggs Reg'. Went the Detachment under the Com
mand of Gen1 Wolf consisting of 4 Companys of Gren
adiers, Otways, Hobsons, Lascelles & Warburtons.
Saw ye French Pickets without the Garrison. A very
heavy fire Exchanged betwixt us. Great parties from
our troops employ'd in landing provisions and Intrench
ing tools. The Engineers ordered to remain in Camp
in case of being wanted. Cap' Bontain & Mr Goddard
Assistant Engineer, order'd for the survey of 
had Cap' Williamson & L' Montresor ordered for yc
Survey from the Brook to the right of the Royal to the
P' of Kennington Cove where we first landed, the
Ennemy from the Garrison advancing. Our Pickets
went out. Also Cap' Dixon, Cap' Williamson & L'
Montresor by the Chief Engineer's order to recon
noitre the Ennemy.
13th The Troops employed in loading provisions.
the weather too bad for the survey. This day the
Pickets were ordered out as the Ennemy advanced
consisting of about 3 or 400 men which were landed
from their Ships of War in the Harbour. An Engage
ment began, which continued about an hour and a half.
We drove the Ennemy back from hill to hill till we
became exposed to the Cannon of the Garrison. They
fir'd 2 rounds of those Guns that bore on us but they
did not make us retreat. We killed & wounded 40,
one of which we brought in. We commenced this
night to break ground by making redoubts each to con
tain 100 men. A long boat and crew lost by the surf.
The Artillery Park form'd this day.
14th Began the survey from the right of the Royal
beginning at the Brook & surveyed about £ way to
Kennington Cove, as also went on the other survey
by Cap' Bontine. This morning the Ennemy began to
fire on the Redoubts with Cannon from the Garrison
upwards of an hour, killed only 1 man & wounded 2.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. l6l
A sloop with a Bomb on board was towing out of the
harbour by 2 petty Augurs but was soon drove in by
1 of our frigates she came out with a view of bom
barding our fleet that lay at Anchor off the Harbour's
Mouth. The Island Battery fired at the Frigate. Light
Brigade on Duty.
15th Received Orders for our Brigade to relieve the
2d Brigade in the 3 Redoubts. Relieved them at sun
set. The Redoubts not yet pallisaded, Earth of ye
parapet ramm'd, or Banquettes formed. Came in 2
deserters. Arrd the Nightingale & Portmahon into
the Bay. Hospital tents erecting for the navy &
army. One field officer & 100 men to the Redoubt &
left laid out & the oldest captain & 100 men in the
Center & 200 workmen in each.
1 6th The Redoubt on the left finished this night.
Recd a note from General Amherst to know situation
I was in, in regard to the works. Sent an answer.
The Island Battery fir'd about 14 or 15 Shot at Gen1
Wolt's works. Saw from the Redoubt a frigate & 4
sloops set sail for Lorendect to seize some of the En-
nemys schooners loaded with fish. This evening after
sunset arrivd 2 light 6 pounders at the left redoubt.
Some Mortars landed. Marched the Is' Brigade. No
working party for ye Engineers. The Ridouts finished.
17th Landed this Day 3, twenty four Pounders &
powder shells &c. Mount this night. 2d Brigade, 1
Coxswain & 4 men taken off by the Indians below
Kennington Cove. They were gone for water, for
this vessell. \
1 8th 2nd Brigade Continues till 8 this night. The
working partys employed in carrying material to the
Magazine & Artillery Stores to the Park. Frigate
that slip'd out of the Town for Quebec taken by us.
19th 3rd Brigade on Duty. Mr Wolf opened his
Batteries against the shipping of Cannon and Mor
tars. 20th Is' Brigade on duty. The working parties em
ployed as before in carrying Materials & Stores &c.

1 62 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
This night some of the Centries at the Command at
Kennington Cove fir'd at some Indians lurking about
there. 21s' Went on to continue the Survey Cap' William
son & L' Montresor & finished the same. 2nd Brigade
on duty. Working parties employ'd in landing of
Cannon & Stores, carrying Gabions, fascines &c. to
the Magazine on the road. This night we took post
on the Hill, this side of Green hill & constructed a
Ridout on it with a Ditch in the Front. Mr Wolf can-
non'd the French.
22nd 3'd Brigade on duty. I reliev'd Engr Durnford
on the Ridout this side Green hill. The front with a
Parapet of 1 5 feet & a ditch to be pallisaded & framed.
Very foggy & not fired on by the Garrison or ship
ping. The working party 100 men. Pickets 150
Cap' Bontine went out reconnoitring in the night with
a party of 20 light infantry & was fir'd on by 2 Pla
toons. A great surf nothing landed. Part of the
Army employed in getting the stores from the outer
side & carrying the fascines & Gabions & from the
shore to the Road & perfecting & continuing the Great
road from the water side to the right of the Royal to
wards Green hill. Mr Wolf did not play from his
Batteries this night. Came in a deserter who inform'd
us, that Gen1 Wolf had hurt their shipping & wounded
some of their Officers & kill'd several Men & that a
shell struck one of the ships.
23rd Is' Brigade on Duty. The advanced redoubt
this side of Green hill pallisaded & Completed with its
Couvert— Park. The Ennemy kept firing most of the
day on Gen1 Wolf's Batteries from the Garrison Island
Battery & shipping. This day 8 battering pieces came
on shore which makes 19, 14 of which are mounted.
Working parties employ'd in carrying fascines, Ga
bions &c to the new road leading to the Green hill which
road is carrying on also from the Landing into it, called
Rouscove. Also carrying ordnance stores to the Artil
lery Park.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 63
24th 2nd Brigade, Employed in carrying fascines to
the road & making the road, perfecting & Continuing.
Also continuing that from whence the provisions &c is
landed in to the Great road. The Ennemy fired all
the Day at Mr Wolf & the ridouts from the Garrison
Island & shipping, also threw a few shells. Return'd
a Doctor that we had sent Flag of Truce to the Gar
rison with a letter from the Governor. Our Brigades
relieve one another every night at 8 o'clock. The
fish taken at Lorembeck from the Ennemy order'd to
be distributed to the Troops, 10.000 pounds weight.
25"1 3rd Brigade. An incessant fire during the whole
day from Mr Wolf at the Island Battery which he
silenc'd twice & threw several shells which were seen
to have burst within their works. Continued the road
that leads to Green hill under cover of the Hill of the
advanc'd ridout to where it begins to fall off & ex
pose us to being enfiladed by the Frigate An En
gineer came without the Garrison & fixed some Camp
Colours in a line with our road where we were at work.
Several shot struck in the road from the Garrison.
Came in a deserter. Part of the working party em
ploy'd in carrying of Fascines &c to the Grand Maga
zine on the main road. Still continuing loading of
Artillery & Stores. Drew into y" Park 52 Morters
from the Ennemies Batteries in the rear of our Camp,
1. Iron . 1 Brass. At present 19 pieces of Brass Ord
nance Mounted 128 and 148. 400 men employ'd on the
working party.
26th i8' Brigade Continued on Duty from 4 o'clock
this morning untill 4 the next day. 2nd Brigade
mounts. The Ennemy kept an incessant fire with
Cannon the whole day upon Mr Wolf, the Redouts &
the new road & Mr Wolf upon them with very little
intermission. 600 men on the working party this day
employ'd as before. Arrived Mr Wolf from his post
at the Lighthouse to our Encamp'. This night made
our lodgement on Green Hill. General Whitmore with
300 men under arms in the front of the Royals this

164 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
night as a reserve. The workmen met with no Inter
ruption. The Ennemy began firing at Break of day
upon the workmen but were cover'd also throwing of
shells. Gen1 Wolf continued firing from his Batteries
on the Ennemy.
27th 2nd Brigade on Duty. The Ennemy kept an
incessant fire upon our several posts, particularly at
Mr Wolfs works and our lodgment on Green Hill.
The Ennemy sent small parties out to fire on our Cen-
tries, but were repulsed by us. A constant fire of small
Arms for one hour. This night began the Epaule-
ment across the swamp between the advanced Re
dout & Green hill j\ within, 7 without the Ban or
at top, 2 feet Battery to prevent the frigates enfilading
us. One of our 24 Pounders Brass overset from the
Cattamarrans & sunk in 13 f water when coming on
shore. 28th Arrived the Devonshire & Dublin ships of war
from Halifax. Lord Charles Hay on board. 3rd Bri
gade mounted at day break. A great fire of Cannon
& small arms Especially upon Green hill, killed 2 men
& wounded 3 by the Ennemy. This night the En
nemy sunk 4 of their Ships in the Channell to prevent
our forcing the Harbour.
29th. Is' Brigade on Duty. The Ennemy Continued
firing from the shipping at the Lodgment redouts &
Mr Wolf's Batteries which Continued playing on them.
Mr Wolf open'd another battery this side the Ennemy's
Grand Battery to remove the Shipping. The Ennemy
sent several small stragling parties to fire on our Cen-
tries at Green hill. Three Indians were seen by some
of our Rangers who kill'd & Scalp'd two & wounded
one who got off. The working parties employ'd in
carrying on the Epaulement & bringing Fascines, Ga
bions &c towards the advanc'd Redout. Saw several
French Regulars drawn up to the right of Green Hill
this Evening,— Continued disembarking the Cannon
which are all obliged to be, by Cattamarrans or Raft
of logs the surf being so great. Set sail Sir Charles

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 65
Hardy & 7 or 8 ships of the Line from the Harbours
mouth, in search of some French men of War seen off
the Coast. The Command at Green hill 600 men and
two field Officers.
30th — 2nd Brigade on duty, this night came in a de
serter who brings intelligence that half their Garrison
is sick & that they expect 10 or 1400 Indians & Cana
dians from Quebec on the rear of our Encampment.
The Ennemy continued their fire as the Day before &
we on them. Went on with our Epaulement across
the Morass which is very boggy & wet. Intelligence
also from the Deserter, that an officer about 8 days
ago had slipt in the Garrison & brought accounts of a
great body of men at Bay Verte intended for the rein
forcement of the Garrison of Louisbourg. And that
a shell had burst on board one of their Ships of the
line in the Harbour. Two men kill'd and 6 wounded
at Green hill by the Cannon and small arms.
July i8' 3rd Brigade on Duty. The Ennemy as be
fore kept firing from the Garrison & frigate incessantly
on our workmen &c, threw several shells at us, but
badly directed.
2nd The i8' Brigade on duty. Gen1 Whitmores 2
Company's Grenadiers & 600 men & 500 workmen
went this night & took possession of a rising ground
within 650 yards of the Flank'd Angle of the Citadel
Bastion to make a lodgment. The Ennemy hearing
them at Work & kept a fire of Cannon on them.
Killed but 3 of our men. This day kept working on
the Epaulement & Carrying materials to the Angle of
it. The Cannon & Mortars all landed. Came in Sir
Charles Hardy & his fleet from the Cruize.
3rd 2nd Brigade on Duty. This night the Ennemy
Continued their firing as before, especially from the
Princesses Bastion in our last Lodgment also small
arms. Continued our work on the Epaulement &
bringing materials to our Works & making fascines,
two 6 pounders sent to the Lodgment to be placed
on each flank.

1 66 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
4th. 3rd Brigade on Duty. Continued at work on
the Epaulement. A party of men at work in making
a redan between the last advanced Lodgment & the
water side. The Town and shipping fir'd as before par
ticularly at General Wolf's Batteries.
5'1' Is' Brigade on Duty. Continued on the Epaule
ment and made 2 small advanced lodgments. The
Town and shipping kept an incessant fire on our ves
sells, also with small arms.
6th 2nd Brigade on Duty. Continued on the Epaule
ment & perfecting the advanced Lodgments. Went
out of the Harbour a flag of Truce on board Sir Charles
Hardy who still continues at Anchor off the Harbour's
mouth with great part of the Ships of the line. The
Town & Shipping still kept an incessant Canonading
as before at our advanced works.
7th 3rd Brigade on Duty, this night Continued our
works on the Epaulements & orders for our joining
one lodgment to the other in order to form a kind of
i8' parallel. The Ennemy kept firing as before on our
works & bombarding of us this night, the night turn
ing very bad weather were obliged to dismiss the men
about 2 the next morning. The frigate that scour'd
the morass remov'd near the Town by break of day
this morning in order to refitt her. The Ennemy con
structing advanced Redouts from Cape Noir. The
Ennemy sent out a flag of truce to the General for
leave to appoint a place for their Hospital.
July 8th Is' Brigade on Duty this night. Party con
sisting of  ordered for storming the French's out
works this night. The working party, continued on
the Epaulement & compleating the Lodgment to the
right of the whole, making a communication or rather
continuing the left lodgment, to the next on the right.
This night the french made a sally upon our lodgment
in the night wherein was posted one Company of
Grenadiers of the 17th Reg', from thence was detach'd
one Subaltern & 15 of that Company & 5 Rangers
through which the Ennemy pass'd undiscover'd & took

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JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 67
us, en revers, so surpris'd the post kill'd & took some
of our workmen, wounded & took Cap' Bontain Engi
neer, L' of the Grenadiers & Earl of Dundonald,
kill'd. we kill'd, dead on the spot 17 took one,
wounded two & left one dead. A flag of truce was
sent out in the morning for their dead. The Com
mand and workmen would have been entirely cut off
had it not been for the Grenadiers of the 22nd in the
next lodgment who advanc'd to support them, gave
the Ennemy their fire and drove the Ennemy off.
Came in this night two deserters.
Line of Battle — Siege of Louisbourg — 1758.
[See Illustrations. No. 7.]
July 9th 1758. 2nd Brigade on Duty this night. The
Roster alter'd & the Engineers divided in 2 Brigades.
The Ennemy continued their fire as usual on all our
works & General Wolfe's Batteries playing on their
shipping & Bombarding the Town. No Batteries
either of Cannon or Mortars as yet constructed by us
to the Right. The Ennemy open'd 4 Embrasures in
the Curtin between Bastion du Roi & Dauphin and 2
men on the Curtin near Bastion Dauphin supported
without & Cas'd with Plank to the Ditch as the works
are in such bad repair. The Ennemy still continuing
constructing advanced works from Cape Noir by Re
douts and have mounted two pieces of Cannon in one.
This morning the Ennemy sent out a Flag of truce to
bury their dead which we sent half way to them where
there were Biers brought for to carry them off. We
broke ground this night 300 yards advanc'd from Green
hill with 300 men & 100 covering party.
io'h Is' Brigade on duty this night. Continued our
works as before 300 men to the Lodgment advanced
from Green hill 200 Covering party about 100 of the en
nemy appeared at some distance from us but did not ad
vance. The Challenge done of our men. Made a flank

1 68 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
this night to the right of the Lodgment and prolong'd
the left of the works. The Ennemy continued firing &
throwing several 13 inch Shells, but did no Execution.
We constructed a small Battery for six Pounders.
Came on shore from our Ships of War & encamp'd
near the Park of Artillery, a body of men from the
Marines that had been employ'd as Miners and to be
employ'd as such consisting of 100 men.
1 Ith For duty this night the 2d Brigade. The En
nemy kept this day an incessant fire but mostly at Gen1
Wolfs Batteries, the ships in the Harbour firing Broad
sides at a time. The Ennemy having small Fleches of
Stone piled up before their Glacis, fire constantly from
them with small arms, but do little or no Execution.
The Ennemy still throwing shells at our advanced
works, but they throw them too far for success. Came
out an Engineer with an officer & a small body guard
who fix'd his Theodolite upon a small nole in the front
of Bastion du roi, 200 yd8 in order to our Bearings &
Distances. July 12th. 1758. For duty this night the i8' Brigade.
The work as before & N° of workmen. The Ennemy
continuing their fire, from the Garrison Captain Ken
nedy as an assis' Engineer added to that Corps. 5
Deserters who were a guard to two prisoners from the
Island Battery to the town came in to Gen1 Wolfs
works in a Boat.
13th- 2nd Brigade for duty this night. N° of Work
men as before Employ'd in enclosing the Lodgment
opposite to the Green Hill the left work of the whole
& completeing the other work. The Ennemy con
tinuing their fire as before from the shipping and Gar
rison. The Batteries picketted out this night.
14th. i8' Brigade for duty this night. N° of workmen
as before Employ'd in making a fleche between the
principal Intrenchments to the left, also in continuing
that coulised Lodgment to the left of the whole across
the swamp to the next.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 69
15th. 2nd Brigade for duty this night. This night a
rocket was fir'd from the light house & answer'd by
the two admirals a signal for the Ennemies shipping
going out of the harbour. This night three Batteries
were began to be constructed, the weather very bad,
so but little progress made. The workmen employ'd
also in continuing the roads from the Epaulement to
Green Hill. Mr Woolfe compleatinga new of 8 Guns
Battery with some Iron Guns of 32 Pounders from the
Ships of War.
1 6th. i8' Brigade for Duty this night. This morning
twas observ'd the frigate had made its escape out of
the harbour. Sir Cha8 Hardy's fleet off the harbour's
mouth went in chase of her. N° of workmen as be
fore, Employ'd them in erecting the 3 Batteries began
on last night, one in the front of the principal Intrench
ments, one between the 18' and 2nd Fleche from the
seaside. The Ennemy kept firing this whole night
without ceasing, at the Center Battery opposite the
right face of the Bastion de la reine. But particularly
at General Woolfe's Detachm' who this evening took
post on a ridge call'd Gallows Hill 350 yd8 from the
Garrison & drove the Ennemy in. The Highlanders
took post between him & Gallows Hill. Admiral Bos
cawen sent out 5 or 6 sail of the line out of the Bay to
anchor off the Harbour's mouth to replace Sir Cha8
Hardy's fleet. A mortar Battery laid and mounted in
the rear of the principal Intrenchments.
July 17th 1758. 2nd Brigade for duty this night. Re-
turn'd several of Sir Cha8 Hardy's fleet. The work
men employ'd as before in continuing the work on the
Battery. The Ennemy this night continued a fire of
Cannon as before & small arms the whole night from
their Covert way. Three Companies of Grenadiers
join'd Mr Woolfe this night.
1 8th. Is' Brigade for duty this night. Was brought
into the park of Artillery 4 Royal Howitzers that
came with several of the Officers of Artillery from

170 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
England. The working party commenc'd this night
with arms, quitting their work by day break & re
lieved by the troops of the Trenches. The dayly
working parties being mostly employ'd in cutting fas
cines, filling sand bags & making roads. The ennemy
still at night continue firing their, small arms from the
Covert way.
19th. 2nd Brigade for Duty this night. All the En
gineers voluntarily on duty this night to Continue on
the Batteries. Mr Woolfe's Batteries return'd the fire
on their Ennemy the whole day (kill'd Ensign Roe of
the 48th). The Embrasures mark'd out this night &
the Merlons began on each Embrasure if possible
without hurting the Merlons, to extend' from the
Flank'd Angle of the right face of the Queen's Bas
tion if possible to the left shoulder of the west Gate
Bastion. 20"'. i8' Brigade for duty this night. Tis recom
mended by the General that all the Engineers will
attend to compleat the Batteries. Came in a Deserter
from Cape Noir. 400 Seamen order'd on shore by
the Admiral to compleat the Battery on the right
of the whole, Light Grenadiers. Royal American
taken up by the Ennemy whilst visiting his advanc'd
Centrys between the Right Redout and the Admiral's
Battery. 2 18'. 2nd Brigade on duty this night & to morrow.
This day one of the weather most ships of the line in
the harbour took fire by a shot from our Batteries on
the left attack & Communicated to 2 others of the
same rate & all 3 consumed leaving only the Commo
dore & one other ship. Volunteers from the Is' Bri
gade ordered on duty this night for that duty. L'
Montresor & 400 sailors came on shore this Evening
and were again divided to the two Batteries, corn-
pleated the same this night. Platforms & Cannon
brought up from the Park.
22nd. Is' Brigade for duty this night & to morrow.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 17!
Open'd this morning at day break the two Batteries,
that of the right between the right redout to the sea &
ye R' Intrenchment with 8 twenty four Pounders &
that on the left in front of the Is' Intrenchment with
6-24 Pounders, also a bomb battery with 7 Mortars,
one 13 inches, two 10 inches and four 8 inches. Dis
mounted some of the Guns on the Right face of the
Queen's Bastion. The Battery on the right parrallell
to ye Right face of the Queen's Bastion & that on the
left opposite the Capital of the King's. This day the
shells set the Buildings within the King's Bastion, on
fire & consumed great part of the same. Came on
shore 400 Seamen in order to construct the battery
laid out on the Right which this night was com-
pleated to the sole or sill of the embra me. A Brig
ade Major on Duty this night, on the Admiral's Bat
tery during the stay of the seamen there. Our Bomb
Battery on y° R' continued playing the whole night on
ye Garrison, as also did Gen1 Woolfe's with 2 or 3
flight of Royals and Cohorns & from his gun batteries.
Went this morning 100 Marines to the left. The En
nemy dismounted 2 Guns to the right.
23rd. 2nd Brigade for duty this night and to morrow.
This night the North Barrack in y= Queen's Bastion
built by us, were set on fire by us. We are burning,
bombarding & Cannonading the Town and Works.
This night the Ennemy threw six thirteen inch shells
into the Artillery Encampm', within 30 yds of yc Laby
& 50 of the Magazine containing 1500 Barrels of Pow
der. The Engineer, en second, sent by the Com
mander in Chief to the left to make a report of the
state of the works under Gen1 Woolfe's Command and
reported that the 4 Gun Battery now constructing has
20 Embrasures bearing against it. The Ennemy dis
mounted 2 of our Guns, 24 pounders, on the right
attack, our 2 Batteries on the right silenced those
on the Right face of Bastion de la Reine & greatly
damaged ve works. 400 Seamen as before to the
Bastion admiral & compleated it. —

172 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
24th July. 1758. Is' Brigade for duty this night.
Came in from the Garrison this morning 7 deserters
from yc left attack & two to the right, the flames con
tinued this night about ye Bastion de la Reine.
25th. 2nd Brigade for duty this night, what work
men employ'd taken from the troops off yc Trenches
as they can be spared. Employ'd them in repairing
of Batteries, Continuing the parrallell or Line of Com
munication to the left attack from the principal In
trench', and making a road across the Morass about
50 yd8 between the Admiral's Battery & the next lodg
ment to ye left. We continued both day & night in
bombarding the Town tv firinof Richochets from our
Battery on the right attack. The scaling ladders car
ried by the Voluntiers (Private) of ye 48th Reg' to yeleft.
Some scheme on foot by the Admiral for cutting away
from before the Town the 2 Ships of ye line, Prudent &
Bienfaisant. No Cannon fir'd but from the right face
of Bastion du Roi & only one mortar from Bastion de
la Reine which threw 4 or 5 shells, 2 of which the fuse
was of a blind composition. A heavy fire of small
arms from the Covertway of Bastion Dauphin the whole
night. Capitulation.
26th i8' Brigade for duty this night & tomorrow.
Just before day break the Admiral's scheme of yester
day was put in Execution by setting on fire the Pru
dent which they could not get off as it was low water,
and cutting away the Bienfaisant & carried her into
the N E harbour whose masts were so shattr'd that
her mainmast & Mizzen were carried away when
they took her away. This Day the Garrison sent out
a flag of truce to capitulate, to know our terms. The
Garrison agreed to surrender themselves prisoners of
War.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 73
27th One Engineer to attend the Commanding
Officer of the Trenches about 12 o'clock this day.
March'd into Town to take possession 3 Company of
Grenadiers Royal, Amherst's & Forbes & hoisted the
union on the King's Bastion. Decamped from the
grand Camp & Encamp'd on the Glacis the following
5 Reg'8 Warburton's, Anstruther's, Forbes', & 2 Bat
talion's Royal Americans. The garrison drew up in
their Parade Grounded their arms, Detach""5 from our
Troops too, order'd in lc •¦ ^ possession & bring
them out & laid them near to the Glacis, with a Guard
with Postes. Orders for neither Officer or Soldier
to go into the Garrison without leave. Centrys posted
for that purpose.
28th The Troops still relieve the Trenches & Bat
teries. Sail'd into the Harbour the Royal William,
Sir Cha8 Hardy & a great part of the Fleet.
29"' The Troops relieve thc Batteries & Trenches
as before. The Survey began this day by an Engineer
of our attacks against the Town of Louisbourg. B"e-
gan on the repairs of the Fortification.
30th Began to demolish the Trenches. Also remov
ing our Ordnance & Stores off the Batteries near the
Town. Sail'd into the Harbour the Namur admiral
Boscawen & more Ships of war. Continuing on the
Repairs of the Fortification with 400 men employed
200 bringing Fascines & 200 employ'd in repairing the
Merlons of the Citadel Bastion, clearing the West Gate
of the masonry laid up against it by the Ennemy,
making a road into the Town for the Guns and throw
ing down some of the Traverses put up in the Town
to prevent being enfiladed. This night sail'd for
England in the Shannon Ship of war Cap' Amherst &
Capt' Edgcumb with the acct8 of the surrender of the
Garrison of Louisbourg.
31s' 800 men employ'd as follows, 200 for repairing
the works, 200 for bringing Fascines &c 200 for de
molishing the Trenches & 200 for throwing down the

174 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Traverses of the Town & making a road in it. Wag
gons employ'd in bringing stores from the Batteries to
the Town.
August Is' 1758. Recd the accounts of the defeat of
part of the army under the Command of Major Gen1
Abercrombie. Our workmen employ'd as the day. be
fore. Two Engineers attending the Repairs of the For
tification and two to demolishing the Trenches.
2nd — Continued our works as before.
7th. The Detachment, one field officer & 200 men
embark'd for the Colliery at Spanish River to bring
the frames for Barracks for the two Regiments ready
framed. Several pieces embark'd this day.
io'h. Set sail for S' John's Island the detachm' 2
field officers & 500 men, one Engineer. Lieu' Spry,
Tools & 1000 pallisades. workmen as before. Sail'd
this day the Hawk Sloop of War with dispatches for
England. August IIth 1758 The workmen employ'd as be
fore. The sailors belonging to the french Ships
embarking for England, workmen employ'd in repair
ing the S. W angle of the King's Bastion taking down
of traverses & clearing the Stones from the scarp of
the Works.
12th The workmen employ'd as before upon the
different works of the Town, also in embarking the
artillery brought from the different Batteries from the
town wharf & in demolishing the Batteries & attacks,
in cleaning several of the streets of the town & making
drains through the same and repairing the Island
Battery. 15th Decamp'd the main body & encamp'd on the
Borders of the Harbour. Sail'd 5 Ships of the line &
9 transports with part of the French Garrison for Eng
land leaving behind only the Bourgoies & sick.
20"1 Three Reg'8 decamp'd from the line and em
bark'd from the Barechois on board of Transports &
for the Expedition to Gaspar in the River S. Lawrence

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.

175

one Engineer, Cap' Williamson & one assistant. Ma
sons & labourers employ'd in facing the Batteries of
the Dauphins Bastion.
August 30'". Sail'd Gen1 Amherst & the troops for
Boston. Sep'" 12th Sail'd the Artillery, 3 companies for Hali
fax under convoy of our frigate.
14th Fleet for the French at S. Johns.
15th Sailed. I compleated the Plans and Sections
for Admiral Boscawen of yc Grand Battery.
October 16th. The 22"11 & 40"' Regiments decamped
from the Glacis & marched into the Town & were
quartered in the houses belonging to the French In
habitants fitted up for Barracks.
17th The 45th marched into Town.
19th This day the pilasters of the West Gate were
finished and all the stone work.
20th The men employ'd in cleaning the Ditch.
Disposition of the Engineers after the surrender of
Louisbourg July 26* 1758.
Cap' Dixon, L' Spry L' Durnford, L' Montresor=:
Louisbourg. Captain Weston — to Newfoundland.
Cap' L' Brewse, Cap' L' Williamson— to Halifax.
Cap' L' Debbeig — to Continent.
Cap' L' Bontein— to Annapolis (Nova Scotia) by
order of Colonel Bastide.
List of the Navy under the Command of Admiral
Boscawen against Louisbourg.

Namur  9°
Prince8 Amelia  80
Royal Wm  84
Dublin  74
Burford  78
Northumberland  70

Oxford  7°
Bedford  64
Terrible  66
Vanguard  64
Devonshire  66
Lancaster  68

176

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.

Prince Frederick  64
Captain  64
Somerset  64
Nottingham  60
Pembroke  60
Kingston  60
Prince of Orange .... 60
Ontario  60
York  60
Defiance  60
Arc-en-ciel  54
Sutherland  30
Juno  32
Diana  32
Boreas  28

King George

Shannon  28
Trent  28
Scarborough.  20
Nightingale  20
Port Mahon  20
Squirrell  20
Kennington  20
Hynd  20
Beaver  18
Grammont  18
Hawk  14
Hunter  12
^tna  8
PlutoLightning

Engineers on this Expedition.
Colonel Bastide  Director
Major McKellar  Sub Director
Captain Dixon  1 \
Captain Weston. ... 4 > Ordinary
Captain Brewse. ... 7 )
Captain Lieu' Debbing. ... 2 )
Captain L' Bontaine  5 I Extraordinary
Cap' Lieu' Williamson ... 8 j
Durnford  3 ]
Spry  6 > Practicioners
Montresor  9 )

3 Brigades and N]) as per Brigades

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 77

Troops for the Expedition to Louisbourg from
Halifax — 1758.

Rank &• File

852... 1

R.egl Royal Scotch

7^3 " 15

' Amhersts

660 " 17

' Forbes
900 " 22
' Whitmores
Cory — 600 " 28
' Braggs
5^5 " 35
' Otways
550 " 40
' Hopson's
864 " 45
' Warburtons
857 " 47
' Lascelles
928 " 48
' Webbs
618 *' 58
' Anstruthers
925  2nd
B
at" Lawrences
798 — 3d
B
at" Moncktons
1084 " 63 Frasers
600 — Rangers — New England j
237 — Royal Artillery. /
1 1 80 1 Embark'd May 28th 1758
NonCommission'd officers
of the Artillery not included.
Brass Ordnance with Rounds —
Battery Cannon
No Nature Rounds Ball Rounds Grape Total
26. . . 24 .. 26000 .. 1300 [ Cannon Baty 44
18. .. 12. .. 14000 .. 900 ) Rounds  957
Brass Field Pieces
6 .. 6
15 . . Iron From S' George's Isld Halifax
178 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Brass Mortar kind with their rounds on an Average

shells
600 \ — 400 Bomb Catch
600 (ry. , Mortars Rounds
3500 > I otal 
6200 \ 57
30000 )

2

• 13 ••

2

10

7

. 8 ..

10

• 5* ••

30

• 4f •-

717

40.900

2
4

57

5*

Brass Howitzers

NB. 4 Royal Mortars could
not arrive from Albany.

Brass Ordnance
24 pounder Battering Cannon  26
12 do do do  18
Light 6 pounders field Pieces  6
Mortars and Howitzers  57
107
From Halifax, Iron Ship Guns  15
122

Nature of the Mortars & Howitzers viz'
13 inch  2
10 "  2,
8 "  7VMortars-
5* "  iol
4f "  30
8 inch  2 1 rj -,
rl «, >- Howitzers
5*  _4 j
57-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 79
Intrenching Tools
Axes ^d1Hn^l  530
Pick j  252?
Barr5 Hand )  ,.. 229
Wheel }  8i4
Hand Bills 1  892
Hatchets )  592
Shovels shod  1320
Spades  2302
Crosscut J  19
Saws Hand >¦  16
Pit  10

Chevaux de F rises  30
Cuirasses with hand pieces  t^o
Mantlets  200
Scaling Ladders  105
Sand Bags
two Bushels  5000
one do  15.000
\ do  95.000
— 115.000 —
An abstrcut of the Defence of Louisbourgh from a
French officer s Journal.
Before the English appeared the Commodore Mon
sieur Le Marquis De Goutte had caused his ships to
be posted in the most advantageous manner cross the
harbour to prevent the Enemy's fleet, should it at
tempt to force the Road, from Entering whilst we sel
dom saw less than 10 sail cruising off Louisbourg,
Sometimes divided, standing different ways.

Captain

Duckafaux

do

Martel

do

S' Medar

do

Vendersteerget

do

Le Touche

do

De Ternay.

1 80 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR,
June 1 st(i757) [1758. J — At 8 in the Morning Goat's
Island made the signal for 20 sail and a little time after
for a considerable number more the Wind then at N.
N E. At 4 in the afternoon we received advice from S'
Anne's Bay of the arrival of a Squadron from Roche-
fort consisting of the following ships

Dragon  64.
Belligeur .... 64.
Brilliant  64.
Sphinx  64.
Hardie  64. ,
Zephir  36 . .

This squadron under the Command of Monsieur Chef-
fant had on board a Battalion of Cambises Regiment
and brought under Convoy 2 Transports with provi
sions for Louisbourg.
2nd. The English Fleet with a small Breeze at S. E,
entered the Bay of Gabarus and on the 3rd some more
joined them, we could not judge of the whole number
Exactly but immagine them to be 125 sail. This night
many Boats were seen making signals which occa
sioned us to send our Boats and shallops to reconnoitre
and by a council of war held likewise this day on Board
the Commodore, more Troops were sent from the
Ships to reinforce them, already at Gautier Bay, in
case the Enemy should attempt landing there.
June \iK This morning the Squadron sent men to
Transport some heavy Cannon and Mortars to the
Bay Gabarus which was Executed th° the land forces
looked upon it as Impracticable from the badness of
the road they must be hauled over. There were also
two 18 pounders transported by sea.
6th. Ten Companys entered the Town and on the
8th the Enemy began the attack at Gabarus by 9 in
the morning, we learned the enemy had landed and

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. l8l
that our Troops were retiring with Precipitation, the
English having observed a neck of Rocks between
point Plat and Enmorandies was unguarded, landed
without any opposition owing to the blindness of our
Land Commander who thinking the place impracti-
gable had not even plac'd a Centinal to give a Notice
of the approach of the enemy's boats the Command
ant of volunteers did not even dare to take time to
spike up the Cannon for the defence of the post he
had on this occasion. The Troops were recalled from
Gautier Bay and outposts, these with the remainder of
Cambises Reg' came into the Town on which service
on the following day the Boats of the Fleet were em
ployed we had then many councils of War. On
shore they thought the ships might save the place, we
on our side represented to them warmly that a Town
without fortifications and ramparts falling down could
not hold out long that it was augmenting the loss to
the state by loosing 5 ships of war that might escape
under the favour of a Fog. Truth could not prevail
and we Judg'd the Governor at the Expence of the
King's ships only thought of making a more honour
able capitulation for I have since learn'd the Com
mandant could only act with the Governor. Then a
ship with two 18 pounders was arm'd forward to pre
vent the enemy from landing Any thing at the light
house, was often sent against the Frigates at anchor
at the entrance of the passage and the Harbour and
served the Boats carying water to the ships and Isl
and as well as annoying the Enemy on shore.
19th At half an hour past 9 pm the Enemy began
to cannonade and bombard the ships from the Batterys
they had erected on the lighthouse side which con
tinued till 4AM when it was returned from the ships
notwithstanding we were oblig'd in the afternoon to
alter our station and tow our ships nearer the Town
unable any longer to withstand the Enemy's fire from
their Batteries rais'd behind hills yet we did what we

1 82 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
could against them. Their Batterys successively ap-
proach'd us for how was it possible to dislodge them
from what was fortified by nature as well as art, which
overlook'd our ships and oblig'd us to Barricade them
to cover the men from the Danger of the Enemys fire
and prevent our ship from blowing up.
2 2"d We sent this days Provisions on shore being
inform'd from the Garrison that should we not be able
to maintain our ships against the Enemy and therefore
oblig'd to retire on shore which could not but happen
from the Incessant fire at the ships and which we could
not return with any success we could not be subsisted
by them there not being a sufficiency for their Own
people but afterwards we knew to the Contrary.
Their intentions being only to detain us in the Port,
in the meantime we still pres' our Departure but the
Governor and Officers always pretended the Town
was safe if we remained and went so far as to say if
we sail'd out they would charge the Squadron with the
loss of the place.
26th. The Isle of Shiveres or Goat Island was
render'd already unable to fire any longer against the
Batterys at the light house & it must be observed that
this small Fort was no better fortified than the Town,
since for these 8 years past large sums of money have
been sent out to put them in proper condition of de
fence, but the Money has been sank and the fortifica
tions neglected, the Governor, Intendant and Engineer
can only give the reason for this neglect. The Eng
lish paid very little attention to ye Towne directing
their whole fire on the ships as the strongest Bul
wark to prevent which from going out, seemed to
be their only view. Certain to take the Town at least
this was the General way of thinking, whenever they
pleased. 28th June 1757. [1758.J We sank 4 vessels in the
entrance of the Harbour and on the 29th loosing a great
number of men in our ships which otherwise were in a

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 83
very bad condition, we towed them as near as possible,
to raise the reputation and glory of Individuals, to which
they sacrificed the welfare and honour of the state.
We suffer'd no less in our new station for the enemy's
Battery's were still rais'd nearer to us. Most was that
displeas'd us was to hear it said throughout the Town,
we had not done our duty, in not distroying these
Batterys, nor would they receive our wounded men
into the hospital. It is necessary to know that there
is but one Hospital in the Town and one casemate
which latter the women occupied ; nor at the begin
ning of the siege was there any preparation made to
carry the wounded or dead, our carpenters were oblig'd
to make us such necessarys, as they had not wood in yc
town for any purpose nay they had not even Magazines
enough to receive our provisions in case we should be
oblig'd to abandon our ships. We propos'd a sally
against these Batterys that so much annoy'd us, intend
ing our Launches and shallops to favour the retreat
and the ships to protect the troops but they dreaded
being cut off and would not attempt any such thing.
July i8'. We sunk another ship at the mouth of the
Harbour and on the 3rd at night the town began to fire
on the enemy's Batteries. We had a frigate moor'd
close to the Shore, the want of water preventing us
placing a larger ship, that discovering over a low
swamp the enemy's works, secured them to great ad
vantage. We were oblig'd for the want of Hospitals to
put our sick and wounded men under Tents that were
expos'd to the Enemy's fire nor were we even safe at
any time on board, to fight the Guns, to conceal from
the Enemy our Intentions. The seamen were em
ploy'd on the Batterys & Ramparts and repairing the
works of the Town and our Soldiers joyn'd the Troops
we had already on shore to do the duty of the gar
rison. 7th The Enemy's fire which had spar'd the Frigate
till now oblig'd her to retire & haul along side the

[84 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Commandants ship under cover. It was now. reported
in the Town as a certainty that a monsieur Boiber was
landed on the Island with a Body of Savages but
whether he had only a few Men or by the vigilance of
the English he did nothing he rather became more
chargeable than useful as we were obliged to risque
some boats to carry him arms, ammunition and pro
visions. We imagined this news was rather to en
courage the troops, borne down with fatigue for one
should not be ignorant that they had done more work
to the place during the siege than had been done for
8 years before.
9'11. At night they made a sortie but so badly con
ducted that our soldiers fir'd on each other by which
we lost more men than the Enemy, a matter so much
the more disadvantageous as the Garrison was very
weak by the number of sick, wounded & killed. The
soldiers for security slept in ye streets where they were
only exposed to shells but in their Barracks they were
killed by both.- I should have taken notice before of
a sally that was made before we quitted our ships
under ye Command of L' Co1 Antony who had with
him 1200 men and the squadron was ordered on a cer
tain signal to send their boats on shore to receive the
troops in case of a repulse but in the morning we
understood he had returned into the town without
effecting anything. The reason we cannot tell but the
soldiers ever ready in their Judgment, to a man de
clared their chief had dishonoured them.
15th From the 9th to this day the Enemy kept a
constant & Quick fire on the ships and town, the masts
of the ships were all damag'd & a great number of
men were kill'd on Board, in the Town & Tents the
seamen laid in. This evening the Arethuse sail'd for
France. 2o'\ Between 1 1 o'clock Am and 7 PM — 45 men
were kill'd, the wounded on Board & in yc town were
in proportion.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 85
218' At noon a shell set fire to the Celebre's poop
which was soon in a flame & communicated itself on a
sudden to the Entreprenant & Capricieux, which could
not be prevented if it is observ'd we were oblig'd to
anchor in a small space & close to each other the
depth of water not permitting it otherwise, happily the
Prudent, was to windward & received no damage.
The cables of the ships on fire being instantly cut
saved the Bienfaisant from sharing the same unhappy
fate which whilst the enemy embracing the oppor
tunity kept a vigourous fire as well on the ships as on
the boats that came to save the people & killed a
great many.
22nd The Citadel caught fire wherein were some
Barracks, the Pavillion, the Governor's residence, was
all that was sav'd from the flames, the Enemy's fire
enfiladed the whole town & there was not a day
wherein there was not a house rais'd by the shells yet
the chiefs were not in the least mov'd at it, they
imagin'd the greater Massacre so much the Greater
would be the glory. Besides when a shell on a house
fell, it was seized by the Intendant in the King's name
& sold at the price it first cost to supply the wants of
the city with wood which had been before forgot &
which the Intendant & others can only account for.
This day we had 145 men kill'd and wounded.
23rd At night the grand Caverns which were of wood
took fire by a shell & was in an instant reduced to
ashes. All these circumstances kept the troops under
arms & Expos'd them to the vigourous fire of the En
emy whereby a great number were kill'd and wounded.
The chiefs notwithstanding thought the breach not
large enough to surrender. They knew they would
not save the place & yet the good of the State call'd
on them to spare the blood of the subjects nor did they
give any attention to the fatigue of the Troops or the
Badness of the Provisions but thought it more glori
ous to hold out a day or two longer which private

1 86 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR,
views moved them to do. All this night the troops were
employ'd to Masque the embrasures of the Batteries
and clear the foot of the ramparts.
25th At night under the cover of a great fog the
enemy's boats came into the road and attack'd the two
remaining ships. The Prudent was soon in flames
and the Bienfaisant carried away to ye bottom of ye
Bay. Many were the opinions about the loss of these
2 ships that had but few men on board & these born
down with fatigue which rendered them incapable of
Executing their duty by a six weeks siege & had sus
tained on board, the Enemies incessant fire of shot &
shell. I would ask what officer is not overbourne with
fatigue ? How is it possible for him to keep up the
spirits of men harassed out with so long a siege to
whom moments of fogg gave but a moments repose as
the enemy never ceas'd to embrace the least glance to
fire on the ship. In short on the 26lh they came to a
resolution to capitulate and about 10 in the morning
the flag was hoisted on the beach near Port Dauphin.
The land officers upbraided the squadron with ye hard
ships of the conditions as they pretend to say, the
ships had done nothing. This is a fact, that they had
sustained two sieges, but were not able to distroy the
hills behind which the Enemy had erected the batteries
and the soldiers on the covered way (and when put on
shore could not find men enough to work allotted
them for from y° Instant they were landed the seamen
were imploy'd on the batteries^). When any house
was set on fire the Carpenters and Gunners were or
dered to extinguish it and even these carpenters were
employ'd to repair the Platforms. The only complaint
we have is, that the night of the capitulation contrary
to all the laws of war, the garrison carried from ye
King's magazines to private houses, provisions and
effects belonging to the King for which the Guard of
the Magazine is truly culpable.
2 7'!1 The English took possession of the Town, at
noon we grounded our arms.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 87
State of the Garrison of Louisbourg July 26th 1758.

Regiments.

Total

No of
Officers

Fit for
Duty. N° of
Soldiers

No of
Soldiers sick &
wounded.

Regimentals.

24 Companys (en troupes )
de Colonie & 2 Com- J-
panys of Artillery . . . . )
2 Battalions volunteers j
2 Batt" Cambise ,
2 do D'Artois
2 do de Burgogne

1017 526608 466 414

76 38 38 32 3°

746
402466 407 353

'95 86
104 27 3«

Artillery Blue turn'd
up with red.
White turn'd up with
Green.
White turn'd up with
red.
White plain w'h red
waistcoats.

303« 2606

214 J 35

2374 1 124

443
1347

Regimentals of
Marines =

Sea Officers & privtr men ~j
& marines belonging to y

White turn'd up with
Blue.

Total of Prisoners =

5^37

349

3498

1790

French Regiments in Louisbourg.
Regiment De Cambise — white turn'd up with red.
D'Artois —
" De Marine — white turn'd up with red.
White Buttons.
" D'Artillerie — Blue turn'd up with red white
Buttons.
" Etrangers — white turned up with Green.
Inhabitants = 2500
French War Vessels at Louisbourg.
Le Prudent  74
L'Entreprenant  74 1 J3'urnt.
Le Capricieux  64 f
Le Celebre  64J
Le Bienfaisant  64. ..Taken

1 88 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
L'Apollon  58)
La Fiddle  32 \ Sunk
Le Chevre  16 )
La Diana  32 1 Taken
L'Echo  32 j
L'Arethuse  32- • Escaped

IV.
Journal of a Rout from Louisbourg to Lake
Labrador taken with a pocket Compass and
the Distances Computed with what remarks
and observations that could be obtained at
that season, as it was wlnter. and the snow
nearly five feet in depth. john montresor.
1759 March 27th One Officer— 26 Rangers, 3 pri
vate men of ye 45th Reg' and volunteers, the whole
consisting of 40 men, were detached from ye Garrison,
by order of his Excellency Brigr Gen1 Whitmore, Govr
of Louisbourg & to proceed on an Inland Scout, di
recting to Lake La Brador, from thence to Pointe la
Jeunesse, a point of land so called from the name of a
man, that settled there, one Le Jeune. So to cross
the Lake again to La Badick bearing N from thence,
where there is a small straggling settlement, near the
Saw Mill River, to bring in what French [Acadians] we
could find inhabiting those parts.
At 8 o'clock in the morning the party marched from
the Garrison to the Blockhouse and from thence to the
four mile house, where they halted & refreshed, being
4 miles from the Block house, where a party of Rang
ers under the Command of L' Crofton during the seige,
ambuscaded a body of the Ennemies Indians, two of
which were killed & scalped within 10 yards of the
road. From thence the party marched to the 6 mile

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 89
Bridge, 6 miles from the Block house. This Bridge
is laid across the run or Rivulet that leads to Cabinet
Planchi, which is a number of small lakes joined to
gether, the borders of which producing good wood for
cabinet work. The house, well furnished, was a
boarded house this was destroyed. They continued
their march a course W for near a mile, the land pro
ducing Birch, Beech, firr, Maple and hemlock trees.
The country pretty open in comparison to the first
part of this march. The land very good & but little
underwood. Course N.W — steep for one mile from
the Western course, then forms a valley producing firs
& spruce there's a pretty good road made across this
Swamp by laying saplings or sparrs across, so tied
down with a small ditch at each side to drain off the
water. This valley runs to the bridge 3 miles & \ from
Portic's farm. The Bridge over Riviere des Trois
Lacs is 60 feet in length running from Lac a Lertie
to the first of the 3 lakes, the course from hence West
for a mile, then the road is laid out due N. Passed a very
steep mountain whose summit or Pitch is not the least
Commanded ; its rise is about 600 yards whose Range
runs parallel to Lac a Lertie & marched on its Brow —
producing Birch and Maple trees — passed several very
small runs too insignificent to insert and then con
tinued in a new course on a Second mountain — the
Barn where we encamped or quartered which was
built by Jean Lertie from whom the Lake is named as
also the Lake adjacent to the House.
28th The weather snowy with Sleet. The party
could not proceed before 8 o'clock in the morning. A
west course, the land extreamly good producing Birch,
Beech and Maple trees, no underwood, the course for
the most part N.W. Marched thro' the remains of a
village called Village d'almagne, burnt down, this spot
was generally called by the French, Les Deserts the
land being open, free from trees. 'Twas inhabited by
several Germans who received Provisions &c to settle
at. Chebucto, they deserted from thence to the Island

I90 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
S' John & were sent to Louisbourg the Governor of
which place gave them a patent for this land. This
village is terminated by the saw mill Creek that runs
out from the Pond into the Lake Miray after crossing
the Bridge commences another village called by the
French village de Rouler (burnt) or Whores Town
situated on the ascent of Montaigne Diable, or Devils
Mountain whose descent leads to the Lake and on
which Continues the remainder of the village de
rouler. These houses were built with logs and Plas
tered, with small Enclosures picketted in and parallel
to the Road. Miray Lake at the Ferriage or Cross
ing is better than half a mile across over when there is
an Extensive view of each side for near 5 miles N E
and S.West. Could not learn its depth as 'twas froze
over but several bodies of old trees might be observed
when the Party returned as 'twas a great thaw and
that part of the Ice where they appeared more open
than the rest. On its opposite side there is a post in
the form of a cross with Chemin Raymond wrote on a
piece of Tin painted blue nailed thereon (there is one
every 12 miles which were set up by Comte de Ray
mond), continued from thence a new course for f of a
mile to a Barn that did belong to one Beaubassin,
where they encamped or quartered.
29"1 The weather being bad till 10 o'clock, one of
the party with two Rangers went down Sanspied
River which leads into Mirey Lake about f of a mile
this side from where the River opens into the Lake,
was observed a creek that ran into the River well
dammed up with a very good saw mill there on with
a good dwelling house in repair— r-two rooms in it and
but one fire place, with an Oven, there were several
good Berths or bed places built in the house, supposed
for the Sawyers and people belonging to the mill and
a large Iron Kettle capable of containing four Gallons.
This house is built with logs squared and has a Loft,
it is situated on a point of land and the River and
creek form a kind of fork, there is several foot boards

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 191
and slabs — the quantity not specified as the snow
covered great part of it. About 12 o'clock the weather
clearing up the party decamped and marched, the
road leading round the house by reason of the swamp
betwixt it and Sanspied River the land very good pro
ducing Birch, Beech and Maple Trees — the course
mostly N. W by North. Marched to a large opening
that had been cultivated about 5 miles from the Barn
and one mile the South Side of the Mountains. This
mountain was found the most difficult of any to march
up it being very steep and the road made straight up
for near 500 yards to the Pitch * instead of being made
in a serpentine manner which would greatly have facil
itated its access. There is a small fall of water that
empties itself into this creek before they came to the
mountain about 50 feet perpendicular. This moun
tain and Montagne Diable form the Mountains of
Miray. 30th At 6 o'clock in the morning they decamped but
were obliged to leave behind one of the Party that
fell sick, and one to attend him — they marched 3 miles
to the foot of the Labrador Mountain — still a good
soil and little underwood — they marched up the moun
tain to its summit for f of a mile where stands Comte
de Raymonds cross, where Monsieur Lavu de Jambon
Engineer employed making the road, to S' Anns, was
buried. They continued their march to the Lake La
Brador the road running very irregular on account
of the meandering of the Creek that runs into the
Lake, the ground very deceitful for near the cross
they had a view of the Lake appearing not be above
a quarter of a mile from them, when two long miles
from it. About 9 o'clock the party arrived at the Lake
which they found very sloppy and about 8 inches wa
ter on the Ice — they were resolved notwithstanding to
* From which there is a fine view over the country for upwards of 7
miles S. E. The Party halted on the top & detached a Serjeant & 4
Rangers on in the Front to choose a convenient spot for their Encamp
ment which was about 1 mile & f— Course N. W, on the mountain close
to a creek & about 150 yards west of the road.

I92 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
overcome that difficulty — as that arm of the lake was
little better than £ of a mile across when they were
about half way over, an observation was taken to know
how the centre of that arm run, which was found to
bear W by South & E by West. They could not ob
serve the W & S W shore though the weather was
very clear. Isle Rouge or Red Isle bore from the en
trance on the Lake W by South about 10 miles. The
opposite mountain appearing very steep. Our guide
with great care, cut through the Ice with his Toma
hawk when we were near 3 parts over, being ex-
treamely rotten & the water increasing on its surface,
attended with small rain, when 'twas agreed by the
party that instead of marching up the Lake on the
North Side to retire to the South Side in order to se
cure a safe retreat in case of a thorough thaw, which
was accordingly pursued fearing to wet their Bread.
After marching One mile they encamped on a side of
a rivulet which was quite open, as were all the mouths
of those that emptied themselves into the Lake. They
sounded with a Pole in some of the holes of the Ice
within 20 yards of the shore & found it about 10 feet
in depth and tis said continues gradually so to the
middle which is about 30 fathoms. About 1 o'clock
P M the guide — one Serjeant and two men were or
dered up the Lake to a Point of land to form what ob
servations they could in relation to the Ice in order to
make a northern Stretch if possible at Break of day.
The report on their return to the comma.nding officer
of the party was, that the Ice was covered with up
wards of one foot of water, that several parts of the
Lake appeared to them to be open and as the weather
was open and seemed to be set in for rain, they
thought 'twas not probable that they should proceed
the next day.
31s' The weather very open and a ground thaw, and
the Lake appearing in a manner open 'twas concluded
by the party to return to Louisbourg.
September 3. The Commander in Chief and the

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 93
body of the Army quitted the Post below the Falls of
Montmorency and embarked in flat bottomed Boats
for the Post on Point de Long where they encamped,
during their passage there to the point of Orleans,
they were heavily fired.
John Montre'sor's Scout in 1759. November 30th
(Acadia).
Arrived part of the Detachment — point Levi. 2
Sloops the 3rd not yet arrived — the 2nd Cap' Mili,ia
sent to to order the Inhabitants to assemble to mor
row at the Church and take the Oaths and bring their
Arms &c. The Troops cantoned in the several Houses
about the Church.
December Is' The Inhabitants were Examined and
those that had not sworn were made to take the Oaths
of Allegiance. The Captains of Militia were sent for.
The other sloop arrived with the remainder of the
Detachment. December 2nd Collecting together the Inhabitants
and swore them.
3rd At 9 o'clock I set off with 12 Rangers and pro
vided Quarters at Beaumont for the Troops orders
were given to the Captains of Militia to assemble the
Inhabitants before Eleven o'clock the next morning at
the Presbytere.
December 4th The Inhabitants all assembled this
morning at the Curates house and were sworn & Ex
amined. 5* At 9 o'clock this morning I was detached with
12 Rangers & provided Quarters at S' Michel near
and at the Church orders were given to the Captains
of Militia to assemble the Inhabitants at head Quar
ters before ten o'clock the next day.
6th The Inhabitants met and were Examined &
sworn. 7th Set out for S1, Chs and arrived there 9 from S"
Michels The Cap' Militia ordered to acquaint the In-
13

194 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
habitants to assemble the next day at the Church to
bring in their arms & to be examined & take the
Oaths as also the Acadian Families 55 heads 300. The
Town situated part of each side of the River Boyer—
13^ miles in length & 9 in depth including the Con
cessions the 2 distant ones the Grants to the Acadians
from Madame Payan.
8th The Inhabitants came in & were sworn. Arms
9th. The Detachment marched to S' Michel the
Rangers forward brought the Arms from S' Chs to
S' Michel and left them with the Captain of the Mi
litia. 10th The Detachment marched from S' Michels to
S' Vallier and one Compy were sworn the same day &
orders sent to the other Cap' of Militia in the Depth5
to have his company ready at 12 o'clock the next day
in order to continue the Recensements, to the Church
—5 Miles.
n'}\ The upper Compy Commanded by Coriveau
were sworn this day we marching to the 2d Com
mission. 1 2th Marched from S' Vallier to Bertier five Miles
the parish of S' Vallier ends at the Bridge about \ way
& that of Bertier Commences there, the militia or
dered to attend the next day.
13th The Inhabitants were sworn & we set out for
S' Francois mostly through the Woods then marched
till we arrived at the Junction of the Roads that to the
right i£ miles to the Church & to. the left i\ miles to
the Cap' of militias house which is the last house of
the Parish the next S' Peters. The Inhabitants were
ordered to attend.
1759. 14th Decembr. The Inhabitants were sworn
this morning & in the afternoon marched to S' Peters
upon the South River, one league from the church at
S' Francis. The Inhabitants of S' Peters were ordered
to attend the next day to be sworn.
15th The Inhabitants were sworn.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 95
1 6th. The weather being bad (a snow storm) pre
vented our marching to S' Thomas.
1 7th Marched with the Rangers and the advanced
guard to the Cap' of Militia's house and there swore
the 2 first Compaftys, the 3d which were all scattered
on account of their houses being burnt at point a la
Caille did not all meet : orders were left for him to
send in his Recensements to Quebec as soon as possi
ble. The village of S' Thomas burnt only on the
River S' Laurent, that on the South River Entire : the
families in each house. And returned to S' Peters
the same day — 4^ miles there. Several of our men
frosted. 18th. Set out from S' Peters the Detachment this
morning & arrived at Bertier.
19th Set out the Detachment from Bertier and ar
rived at S' Michel, several of our men frosted.
20th Marched the Detachment from S' Michel wrote
to the Cap' of Militia & Curate of S' Crisf to send
Rolage & Rostage for that Parish. The party
marched this day to Point Levy. Found only three
canoes at the waters Edge, and no preparation for our
Return. Six were assembled for the next day.
[The Acadians of Nova Scotia in 1755 refusing
to take the oath of allegiance to England, it was re
solved in Council to send them out of the Province.
Gov. Lawrence to Col. Monckton, July 31, 1755 :
" As there may be a deal of difficulty in securing the
Inhabitants you will, to prevent this as much as pos
sible, destroy all the villages the North & West side
of the Isthmus &c * * * and use every other
method to distress, as much as can be those who may
attempt to conceal themselves in the woods. But E
would have all care taken to save the stock & the
harvest upon the ground &c." Lawrence to C©1.
Monckton, August 8 (1755) : " That the Inhabitants
may not have it in their power to return to this Provfnce,.
nor to join in strengthening the French of Canada, or

T96 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Louisbourg, it is resolved that they shall be dis
persed among his Maj'ys Colonies upon the Continent
of America." The whole number estimated to be sent
away was 7,000. To go to North Carolina, 500 per
sons ; to Virginia, 1,000 persons; to Maryland, 500
or more ; Connecticut, 300 ; Philadelphia, 300 ; New
York, 200; Boston, 200 persons. To be shipped from
the port of Annapolis Royal, 1,000 persons. Many of
these people tried to work their way up the coast, in
open boats, from the South to Nova Scotia.]

V.
Journal of the Siege of Quebec. John Mon
tresor. •
June 4th 1759. — The Fleet divided in 3 Squadrons
— Red — White and Blue. Sailed from Louisbourg
Harbour for the Expedition against Quebec, Admiral
Saunders with the Fleet, consisting of 9 Sail of the
Line and Frigates with  Transports with the fol
lowing troops on board — -15th 28th 48th 43rd 35th Fra-
sers Highlanders, 2 Battalions Royal Americans, An-
struthers — Lascelles Companies of Rangers and 3
Companies of Artillery. The Fleet in case of a sepa
ration to rendezvous at Gaspie. The Wind at West
and great number of the transports having been
obliged to anchor in the N East arm of the harbour
which prevented them from getting out at the time of
the Fleet. The weather very foggy. The Admiral
made his signals for making sail off the land.
5th. At 4 o'clock A M the Admiral made signals for
another tack towards the land in order to wait for the
remainder of the Fleet not yet joined, the weather
very foggy— the whole fleet kept cruizing off the land
this day, that they might fall in with us.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 97
6th The weather very clear. We could plainly ob
serve the remainder of the fleet off the harbour's
mouth making towards us, signals were given from
the Admiral for our fleet to lay too (when joined).
Signals were given for the fleet to make sail. Con
cerning the Navigation of the Gulph of S' Lawrence.
7.'h — The weather very clear and the fleet very well
together, the whole steering for the Gulph of S' Law
rence. About 10 o'clock a m we could observe Cape
Ray and the Island of Cape Breton at the same time
the fleet continued the whole day in sight of this Cape
and at 8 o'clock P M. The Admiral made a signal for
the fleet to make another tack in order to weather it
by sailing to the westward. This Cape upon its first
appearance resembled much like chalky cliffs on ac
count of the snow laying on it. The Island of S' Pauls
in some Draughts is but just marked, in others not
taken notice of, no further than a Dot and the writing
signifying what it is, but 'tis very erroneous as it is a
large Island appearing East and West to be 30
miles in length, the land to the westward high and
falls off gradually to the Eastward to a remarkable
land. On the Island of S' Pauls 'tis said there is a
good harbour in it, where the English and French
used to rendezvous for trading with each other.
— 8th. The weather very clear and the fleet laying
their course steering with the Gulph. Took a view of
Cape Ray, very high land, at 12 o'clock and observed
one Island off North Cape, the Island S' Pauls appear
ing to be about 3 miles in length the land not very
high — .
9th The weather very clear, the Fleet sailed to the
East of the Bird Islands in the morning when cleared,
the Eastward most Island resembled much the 2 faces
of a Regular Bastion, in the Evening observed Brion.
Island Table land.
10th. The weather clear, the wind not fair, blowing
fresh the fleet laid their course and steering across the
Gulph.

I98 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
1 i'h The weather close and the wind pretty favour
able the fleet very well together. About 10 o'clock in
the morning we made some high land that projects
near Flat Island, this point of land between Stock Fish
Bay and S' Peters Bay and observed the Bless Point
on the north side on entering Gaspie Bay. About 3
o'clock in the afternoon the Admiral made signals for
the white division (to go ahead) or sail forward.
About 6 o'clock observed Cape Rosiere, a point of
land that forms the Southern side of the mouth of the
River S' Lawrence. The Fleet steered for the River.
Sounded being about 5 leagues from the land. Depth
of water 80 Fathoms (Orphan's Bank) At Sunset the
wind blew fresh out of the river very strong which
took several of the vessels (a back) this Gale contin
ued contrary all this night. We could observe the
Island of Anti costi bearing North from us. Con
cerning the Navigation of the River S' Lawrence.
12th. The weather very clear, the Gale still continu
ing the fleet scattered in the morning the greatest part
of the Fleet were within 3 leagues of the land to the
northward of Gaspie the land very high and white
resembling chalky cliffs but suppose it a white Clay.
In the evening the wind abated and the Fleet were
becalmed, a current setting East North East which
carried several vessels towards the Island of Anti costi
— wind East North East.
13th The weather clear and the wind fair, signals
were given for the white squadron to go ahead led by
the Leostoff Frigate, at 1 1 o'clock this morning signals
were made for the Blue Squadron to follow led by the
Trent Frigate, steering for the River about mid chan
nel between the Island of Anti costi and the S' Maiar.
The Fleet to the S. Eastward of the Entrance, Cur
rent to the South Eastward.
14th. The weather clear and the wind very change
able blowing over the high lands very fresh for two or
three hours and then calm, the fleet laying their course
Westerly, we could observe the land on both sides of

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 1 99
the River, that to the North side very craggy, irregu
lar land, that on the South side very high being the
mountains of Notre Dame taken notice of in the
Charts. The Fleet above mid channel tried to sound
with 80 Fathoms Line. Found no Bottom.
15th The weather clear. The Fleet off of the moun
tains of Notre Dame (which were covered on several
parts with drifts of snow) within about 4 leagues of the
Shore. No Bottom with 80 fathoms of line. The
wind small and very changeable never continuing long
in the same quarter. We observed several vessels
having a fresh Breeze when others within a quarter of
mile have been becalmed, this circumstance is very
frequent, owing to the Eddies of the wind from off the
high lands. The course westerly that the fleet are
steering inclining mostly to the Southern Shore.
1 6th June 1759. The weather the greatest part of
this morning foggy. The whole fleet very well to
gether. The wind having been moderate and the
water smooth. We arrived to the westward of the
Mountains of Notre Dame (which are seen at a great
distance) between them and the Pass of Matane. The
Fog clearing up, we observed both shores very plain,
that on the South side appearing to have a Sandy
Beach for a great extent. Several Sloops and Schoon
ers sailed within 2 leagues of the shore. Our tacks
this afternoon very frequent making but short trips
each tack though the Distance between each shore
appeared to be near twelve Leagues.
17th The weather clear but little wind, those con
trary, obliged to trip it from shore to shore keeping
the Southerly shore (mostly on board) the fleet very
well together. Sounded but found no bottom. Threw
out 100 fathoms of Line. We observed many seals. —
1 8th The weather clear and the winds small and
contrary. The fleet were obliged to tack from shore
to shore, as the day before (for this whole morning).
Found no Bottom. Observed an Island some little dis
tance from the main (which was Isle du Bic.) The

200 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
white Division being nigher the Southern shore di
rected their course for the Island as the Passage up
the River is on that shore. Between L'Isle du Bic and
the South main Signals were made by the Trent (Com
modore of the Blue Squadron) to rest anchor which
was in io Fathoms and \ water. The Wind quite
favourable and blowing fresh. The circumstance of
our landing was very fortunate, as the wind blew very
fresh this night attended with a fog as that scarce any
of the fleet could be observed and a great fall of rain.
The land on the South shore very mountainous and
Romantic forming in some parts a kind of Table land,
its appearance was very green. The Trees seemed to
be of Birch — Beach and Firr.
19th June — 1759. The weather hazy and the wind
favourable blowing fresh. At 5 o'clock this morning
signals were given for the Fleet to weigh anchor. The
wind encreasing attended with a thick fog and rain.
Signals were made for the fleet to cast anchor at 6,
which was in 1 1 Fathoms and \ depth of water, still
within the Isle du Bic much better anchorage than the
former not being so much exposed to the winds. The
bottom a dark soft loam intermixed with pieces of shells.
Remark — Observed a large shoal of seals. At 6
o'clk this afternoon, signals were made for the Blue
Squadron to weigh the weather clear and moderate
and the wind fair. The Is' or white Division having
already sailed before us. The wind blowing very
fresh this morning, one of the Transports ran foiil of
one of the Fire Ships and carried away her Bowsprit,
she was immediately assisted by the Oxford, one of
the Ships of the Line, that was near her. At half an
hour after 10 at night, Signals were made for the Fleet
to Anchor which was in 18 Fathoms, after having
sailed about two leagues, and a half from our last an
chorage. 20th. At 2 o'ck this morning the weather clear, Sig
nals were made for weighing of anchor from the Com
modore of the Blue Squadron, A fair wind, carrying

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 201
us about 3 knots or one league an hour. Keeping
nearer the Northern than the Southern Shore,
the land very mountainous. At i o'clock in the
afternoon signals were made for the Blue Squad
ron to anchor which was in 13 Fathoms of water.
Sounded near the northern shore found it near 30
Fathoms — the Blue Squadron made off from that
shore towards the Southern about Mid Channel
which was in 13 Fathoms, leaving the White Squad
ron at anchor nigher the Northern shore within about
3^ leagues of it. Remark (observed great numbers
of the White Whales and many seals.) the fleet
anchored as the Wind headed and the tide of Ebb
beginning to run out which at its highest ran 5^ knots
or miles (the Log was heaved on purpose). Observed
a fall of water appearing very white & some height on
the mountains between Scaffold Basque and the Bay
of Rocks. At 7 o'clock this afternoon the Commodore
of the white Squadron made signals for that Division
to weigh their anchors, the Tide of the Flood making,
the wind contrary. The Blue Division remained at
anchor and the red which were as far astern as we
could descern. The white Division sailed for about 2
leagues from us and about 10 o'clock the Commodore
of the white squadron made signals for his Division to
cast anchor.
On the South main between Green Island and Apple
Island we could observe some houses situated near
the River side.
21s'. The weather clear, the wind foul, the tide of
Flood making. At 7 o'clock this morning, signals
were made by the Commodore of the White Squadron
for his Division to weigh anchor. At 9 o'clock this
morning signals were made by the Commodore of the
Blue Squadron for his Division to weigh Anchor. Many
of our Squadron could scarce stem the current and
were obliged to bear away before the wind for some
time in order to clear it, it setting to the Northward
they were in a line with the Spit a shoal from White

202 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Island being in 4 Fathoms & £ depth of water. At
an hour after 1 this afternoon Signals were made by
the Commodore of the Blue Squadron for his Division
to cast anchor, which was in 13 Fathoms at low water
the tide having about 8 feet. This tide of Ebb was
nothing like so rapid as that of the last anchorage.
At low water we observed 2 small Islands that appeared
abreast of us near to the S. main. At \ past 10 this
night 3 guns were fired from 1 of the Transports that
struck the shoal off of White Island then bearing about
W. S. W from her. We anchored (abreast) of Hare
Island near the Small Islands to the North Eastermost
of it.
22nd The weather clear, the wind foul, the tide of
Flood making at \ an hour after 9 o'clock. This
morning, Signals were made from the Commodore of
the Blue Squadron for his. Division to weigh their
anchors, Sounded frequently along Hare Island within
about a league of it found the depth of water to be
mostly 11 and 13 Fathoms. There is a long ledge or
Spit that runs S. S. W from Hare Island four miles
with some shrubs growing on it not inserted in Jeffries
Chart of the river S' Lawrence. When the Ebb
began to make, the wind began to turn favourable and
the Blue Division continued sailing as the wind blew
fresh enough for the fleet to stem the Tide. We could
observe some of the Red Division appearing (astern).
The Hunter Sloop of War past through our Division
to the White Division (which) at \ an hour after 6
this afternoon weighed anchor. Signals being made
from our Commodore of the White Division for that
purpose. We passed by the Pilgrims which are 4
separate barren rocky Islands uninhabited, about 7
miles in length, on the South Main. I observed sev
eral houses particularly behind the Islands of Kam-
uraska appearing like a village. A Fresh Breeze and
favourable, the fleet running 6 knots. At 9 o'clock
this night signals were made by the Commodore of
the Blue division to anchor, near the Northern Shore

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 203
abreast of the Northwesternmost part at the east
Island of Kamuraska. The Islands of Kamuraska
appear like 5 separate Islands, 3 highlands and 2
lowland covered with wood the lands behind it (at the
S main) seems to form a kind of Bay. I observed
two of the Fleet (Transports) run very close to them.
Vessels of three or four hundred ton.
23rd The weather clear. At 3 o'clock this morning
signals were made by the Commodore of the Blue
Squadron for his Division to weigh their anchors, the
wind springing up favourable. Kept the northern
Shore. We observed a small village on it. At 2 this
afternoon signals were made by the Commodore of
the Blue Squadron for his Division to anchor, which
was in 30 Fathoms. The Tide of Ebb running very
strong, insomuch that several vessels dragged their
anchors and were obliged to hoist sail as the wind was
favourable for them in order to stem it. At 9 o'clock
the wind sprang up contrary, so the fleet remained at
anchor this night. The tide of Ebb ran 6 knots & \.
Our anchorage was about 2 leagues N N. E of the
Isle aux Coudres which is placed in the Charts too far
to the Westward of Goose Cape. I could observe
several settlements on the Island which are it is said
belonging to Pilots who live on it ; these Pilots only
Pilot vessels to and from Quebec from that Island. As
it is a rule with the Inhabitants of Quebec not to let
any Pilots have the whole navigation of this river.
The land on the Northern Main is extremely high,
much more so than the Southern Main & the Shore in
General bolder particularly after leaving the " Pilgrims."
There is a settlement of about 4 or 5 houses upon one
of the Mountains near Goose Cape the plantations
seems but new as there is great quantities of Timber
lying on it. On the South Main I could observe sev
eral plantations very contiguous with several houses
together & a Church or Chapel with a Spire — S' Ann's.
Remark — That a vessel of the Blue Division missing
the Fleet sailed on the South side of the Isle aux

204 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Coudre and returned she having been three leagues
up. 24th— The weather clear, the wind contrary^ The
Blue Division remained at anchor this morning's tide
of Flood. Joined our Division. Admiral Saunders
on board the Hinde Frigate where his Flag was
hoisted. The tide of Ebb ran at such a rate we being
in 30 Fathoms of water which obliged our whole Di
vision to drag their anchors — the wind being fresh and
contrary. The Commanders of the Artillery's Trans
port was obliged to make sail and drive down to the
Red Division. At one o'clock this afternoon the Hinde
with Admiral Saunders on board weighed and got un
der sail. At half after one p M Signals were made by
the Commodore of the Blue Squadron for his Divi
sion to weigh, the wind foul — the tide of flood making.
The fleet steering to the North of Isle aux Coudres
between it and the North main. On the north main
there are several Plantations on a Cliff. On entering
they are to be seen and steered for till the vessel is
within a mile of that shore then steer towards the
Creek where the Whirlpool keeping the Northern
shore (aboard) as there is a great Spit from the Isl
and, entering the Channel. After the Spit is cleared
by steering towards the Island, you gain very good
anchorage in 7, 8 and 10 fathoms of water, a muddy
bottom. But should a vessel have a leading Breeze
and the tide favourable the Course is to be continued
towards the Creek steering W by South to clear an
other ledge of Rocks which 2 ledges forms a head of Bay
and breaks the Strength of the tides which run between
6 & 7 knots. At 7 o'clock this afternoon Signals were
made by the Commodore of the Blue Squadron for
his Division to anchor, where we found at anchor Ad
miral Durell with 6 ships of the Line including the
Sutherland who arrived there with the Fleet May 27')*
J759- The weather very close & sultry, several ma
rines & sailors on shore. At \ after 7 Admiral Saun
ders hoisted his flag on board the Stirling Castle.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 205
We learnt here that Major Gen1 Wolf had proceeded
in the Richmond towards the Island of Orleans where
he would find 3 Ships of the Line.
25th June 1759. At eleven o'clock this morning the
weather clear, Signals were made on board of the
Sterling Castle, Admiral Saunders to weigh, at \ past
1 1 Signals were made by the Commodore of the Blue
Squadron for his division to weigh. The Breeze
light but free. The Ships that led this Division
through the Channel were the Alcide — Sutherland —
and Stirling Castle. One boat with a French Flag
was posted on the Reef or Ledge of Rocks that pro
jects from the Island. The White Division weighed
at 3 o'clock this morning. The Red Division very
close to our rear. This Day one of the Transports
struck on the north side of the Is' Ledge of Rocks on
entring the passage of Isle aux Coudres. Boats were
sent from the Ships of War to unload her and assist
her in getting off. At \ past 5 p M, signals were
made by the Sterling Castle for the Fleet to anchor,
answered by the Trent for her Division and also by the
Diana on board of which ship was hoisted a red Broad
Pennant, Commanding that Division. Sounded, com
ing out of the Isle aux Coudres one mile parallel to
the Shore — Depth of Water 8 Fathoms. The village
at the bottom of S' Paul's Bay, as the weather was
clear was observed, it is a straggling settlement of
about 20 houses with a Church and a good deal of
Ground' cleared, with many Cattle grazing thereon, it
is an extensive Bay with a Beach at the Bottom. Our
fleet sailed from within the Island in the beginning of
the tide and a gentle breeze at various times. The
winds very light and I could not find any one vessel
Draughted nigh the Shore notwithstanding the several
Draughts or Charts of the River S' Lawrence express
ing that circumstance that it must require a leading
Gale to pass through. Anchorage  14 Fathoms.
Our anchorage was about two miles from the shore.
The land Extremely high and Steep.

206 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
26th The weather clear — the tide of flood making
— the wind foul. At 4 this morning signals were
made by the Sterling Castle and answered by the
Trent for the Fleet to weigh, the wind blowing fresh
& contrary. Signals were made for the Fleet to an
chor — Depth of water — 14 Fathoms. Orders were
received on board the Ordnance Transports to follow
the Genoa Packet, after having sailed within 2
leagues of the Traverse. At 3 p m Signals were
made by the Sterling Castle and answered by the
Trent for the Fleet to weigh. The Blue Division
passed through the Traverse. Boats were appoint
ed with Red Flags & white ones to guide the Fleet-
Directions to keep the Red Flags on the Starboard
and the white ones on the Larboard sides. In sail
ing through the " Traverse," (observation). The
Last high Mountain belonging to the Range that forms
the River joining to Cape Torment Meadows being cir
cular on the Top. To steer from the Center of that to
the westwardmost point of Isle aux Rots. The division
when passing through the Traverse had the wind quite
contrary and were obliged to make several Tacks within
it. Passed the Devonshire Ship of the Line at anchor
at the end of the "Traverse" near Isle aux Rots.
27th The weather clear and the wind fair. At —
o'clock this morning signals were made for the Blue
division to weigh their anchors. At 6 Am the division
came to an anchor near the white division already at
anchor. Depth of water 14 Fathoms, within a mile
& ^ of the Island of Orleans Shore. The white divi
sion on board of which was the — : — Brigade, Com
manded by Brigadier General Moncton — landed this
morning on the Island. The Troops were landed in
Flat bottom Boats provided for that purpose. Ist
Disembarkation consisting of the following Troops.
At 2 pm as the fleet lay at anchor in this road, the
wind (which was upon the East quarter) rose with
great violence together with a great swell which occa
sioned almost all the Fleet to drive from their anchor-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 207
age and running foul of one another that from 2 o'clock
till between 5 & 6 there was nothing but cutting of
cables — ships running one against the other, others
driving and bearing away before the wind in order to
run aground on the Island of Orleans if possible
which several Ships were obliged to do.
3o'h At break of day this morning the remainder of
Gen1 Monckton's Brigade disembarked on the South
ern shore opposite to head Quarters on the Island of
Orleans. On their landing the Irregulars took 2
Scalps, killed 3 other men & took 3 Prisoners which
were brought over to Major Gen1 Wolfe and were ex
amined ; they were two Frenchmen and one Canadian
from Isle du Bic for Quebec. At 6 AM the Chief En
gineer with 2 other Engineers proceeded on a recon
noitering Party of 35 Rangers — one Captain and 6
men of the Light Infantry by Order of the Commander
in Chief to the W. S. Western most part of the Isl
and. The Detachment proceeded on their march and
arrived at Point de Levy this night (with one E. En
gineer and one Assistant) where they met very little
opposition. This day on the Commander in Chiefs go
ing over to Point de Levy the Enemy from their
Floating Battery and their Boats in which they have
in their Bows one Gun, fired on him which prevented
his passage over, on which they gave several cheers
during which time one of the Frigates, weighing and
turning up towards them they retired with great pre
cipitation. Their floating Battery appearing to be an
oblong stage with 4 Embrasures and a great Flag, the
Enemy by the appearance they make seem to have
made — seem to have 60 or 70 whale Boats — On the
Cote de Bienport there are several Encampments
fronting the Bason between the falls of Montmorency
& Charles River.
July Is' 1759. Marched from their Is' Encampment
on the Island to the Point, the following Regiments —
Bragg's — Lascelles — Anstruthers — Commanded by
Brig General Townshend with their Camp Equipage

208 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
& four days provision each man being provided with
either spade or Pickax — they had not proceeded above
one mile from their Ground before the Rear of An-
struther's Reg' were fired on by a party of Indians
who discharged 6 shot & wounded 3 men. On which
the rear guard of Rangers consisting of 40 men com
manded by Major Scott detached a party of One Ser
geant & 6 men into the woods after the Enemy. The
whole Detachment halted for upwards of an hour in
which time were detached from there, One officer &
20 men of the Regular troops into the woods, on their
return the Detachment Continued their march. Major
General Wolfe with the Chief Engineer went by water
to Point Levi and returned the same day to Point
d'orleans. On the arrival of the Army to their Ground
there had been 2 Grenadiers of Brigr General Whit-
more's just scalped by a small party of Indians. There
were several Boats with one Gun in their bows drawn
up against Point de Levi where our Troops were en
camped which Boats for one hour kept a constant fire
and killed 4 or 5 of our men but when our Frigates
weighed and fired on them they immediately retired.
This night were detached from the Point of the Island,
to Point Levi, Company of Light Infantry. Monck
ton took possession of Point Levi.
2nd July. A working Party consisting of 300 ordered
to cut Fascines and Pickets. As the detachment from
3 of the Regiments had brought no other tools, than
Pick axes and Shovels, having one Tool per man al
lotted them, they were dismissed Except the detach
ment from the Royal Americans who were provided
with Tomahawks. At 7. o'clock this morning was
laid and begun on_ the Post on the Point being a
kind of Fleche, with a Ditch before it, constructed
with Fascines being capable of containing 4 or 500
men, thesaliant looking towards the field and the Rear
fortified by nature being an inaccessible height. Were
landed on the Point of the Island Brass Artillery of
different Calibres & some 8 inch shells.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 2O9
3rd. The working party consisting of 150 pioneers &
200 Fascine cutters were employed — the Pioneers em
ployed in the Ditch of the Fleche. This afternoon at
3 o'clock marched into Camp from the old Camp
at the Landing, Otway's Battalion. Monckton's Royal
Americans brought in 12 or 14 French Prisoners. Ar
rived this day  Head of Cattle from the old En
campment. — 7th = Our Frigates fired on the Enemys floating
Battery and obliged it to retire, in the night the
Enemy brought out several Boats with a Gun in each
bow & fired on our Frigates which was returned by
the Battery on Point Levi. The Enemy fired several
Shots from their Battery's on the shore which began the
fire but too far one from the other. The Bomb Ketches
returned who were chiefly with the Porcupine and
Richmond in the Fire on the Floating Battery. Or
ders this afternoon for the 47th 28th and Is' Battalions
Royal Americans to hold themselves in readiness to
embark for the landing on the north Main, also the 3
Companies of Grenadiers commanded by Lieu' Colonel
Murray and the Light Infantry. 
8th The bombs fired on the Enemy's 3 Encamp
ments hear the Falls of Montmorency, with little
effect as most of the fires were short & the distance
great. The Richmond Frigate fired on their Encamp
ment. Admiral Holmes in the Captain and Suther
land fired several shot &c. This day the Light In
fantry returned from Point Levi to Point d'Orleans,
for to embark with the 2d Brigade in the Flat Bottomed
Boats for the Landing. At 3 p m the Flat boats went
round to the North Side of Point d'Orleans in order
to receive the troops for the landing under Protection
of the 2 Frigates that fell down below the Falls at
Ebb tide for that purpose and to cover the landing.
Landed and Encamped near the Point a detachment of
Durowes Regiment from on board one of the Ships of
war under the command of Major Hardy.
9th. This morning the Enemy struck their encamp-
14

2IO JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
ment near the Falls of Montmorency. General Wolfe
with the following troops viz' — Embarked from the
North side of the Isle of Orleans to the North Main
below the Falls of Montmorency, without any opposi
tion at 2 o'clock this morning and encamped near the
Falls. The Frigates Sutherland and Captain fired
several shot at a great distance on the Enemies En
trenchments. A detachment from Otway's — An-
struthers — and from the Detachment from the shipping
are employed in completing the post and Continuing
the Abatis. This evening 6 Howitzers were sent from
the Island over to General Wolfes. About 10 o'clock
this night a 13 inch Mortar played on our shipping on
which the " Captain " Admiral Holmes and the rest of
the Fleet retired. The Captain ran aground on the
Point of the Island of Orleans but got off and the
Richmond very near it. The town kept most of this
Day, a heavy fire on our Batteries Constructing to the
South of Point Levi nigher Quebec. This night or
ders were given by Brigr Gen1 Murray, Commanding
officer on the Island of Orleans for Ottway's and An-
struther's to hold themselves in readiness to march to
the water side, there to embark with him to join Gen
eral Wolfe to leave all their baggage behind & an
officer from each Corps to remain to see it embarked
from off the point of Orleans to the N. main. Gen1
Wolfe began a Redoubt for 300 men near the Falls. 
10th July 1759. On the Shipping retiring the Enemy
returned to their former Encampment. Great part of
the day the Enemy kept a constant cannonading from
the town on our works constructing under the command
of Brig' Gen1 Monckton. Provisions were landed from
the shipping in flat bottomed Boats in the North main.
1 Ith The Enemy from the North Main Bombarded
the Encampment on the Point of the Island of Orleans.
This day a Battery of 2 twenty four Pounders was
laid out and begun on the Point of the Island of
Orleans to command the North Channel and to pre
vent Boats manned and armed from the Enemie's

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 211
attacking ours. This day a heavy fire from the Town
on the Troops at the S Main. Major General Wolfe
arrived this day at Point d'Orleans where he ordered
an Engineer to make him a Sketch of the Enemies
Works, settlements and Encampments (as well as pos
sible considering the great distance being near 3 miles
from the Island) from the Fall of Montmorency to the
Skirts of the wood above the third Encampment.
12th The working party completed the Redoubt near
the Falls and begun on one in the Rear of the En
campment above the Precipice fronting the River
Charles. Party employed in dragging the Cannon
from the water side up the Cliffs to the Park. This
night at 9 o'clock the Brigade under Brigr Gen1 Monck
ton opened a Mortar battery of 13 Mortars and con
tinued playing on the Town the whole night which was
answered by the Town. This night one of our out
centries shot the Serjeant of his Guard in a mistake.
13th This morning we observed that the Enemy had
constructed a Battery with 4 Embrasures on the
opposite side of the River Montmorency fronting our
Encampment and greatly commanding it. Orders
were given that the Breastworks that were constructed
round the several Barns and Posts made of Fence rails
piled up to be strengthened by throwing earth against
forming a kind of Glacis. The watering party paraded
at Break of day 150 men to compleat the small redoubt
of 40 feet square — 250 cutting fascines. This afternoon
6 royal Howitzers played against the Enemies Battery
on the opposite side of River Montmorency with very
good effect — the distance about 500 yards — the rain
coming on they were drawn off during their firing on
the Battery a number of Indians & Canadians kept a
fire on the artillery but on traversing a 24 Pounder
with Grape shot and firing in the midst of them they
retired. The 6 Howitzers were supported with two
24 pounders and 100 men being advanced on a Hill
along the River about four hundred and fifty yards
from our Camp.

212 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
14th Our working party were employed this day on a
6 Gun Battery facing the Enemy's Battery on the op
posite of the river. In making fascines &c one third
of the Army always employed and relieved every 4
hours — Four men wounded this morning on the Bat
tery. This day the French Boats about 6 in number,
with one Gun in each Bow came out from under one
of their redoubts near the water side, in order to attack
2 or 3 Boats of ours that were there. This day the
Commander in Chief with the Quarter Master General
and an Engineer escorted by a party of the Light In
fantry Commanded by Col Howe went reconnoitering
up the River Montmorency in order to find a passage
over, either by fording or otherwise. The river for 1^
miles thoroughly examined considering the fire the
Indians kept up on them found a place that seemed
by the stillness of the water (that part of the river
forming a small kind of Bason about 70 feet) and a
road leading to it and the appearance of one on the
opposite side to have been a ferryage, and another
place lower about 150 yards that had an appearance
of being a ford (the water very rapid). The Banks
very steep and covered on both sides with trees and
great quantity of underwood.
1 5th This night 4 companys of Grenadiers under the
command of Major Norris were ordered and proceeded
from this Encampment to the Point of the Island of
Orleans. This day the park of Artillery was formed
within the redoubts on the left of the Encampment.
16* July 1759. This day the Grenadiers of the Line
received orders to hold themselves in readiness to em
bark in the Flat, bottomed Boats. These orders coun
termanded. Was laid out this day — two redoubts, one
forming the chain between the Great & Small Redoubts,
the other commanding the Bank on which the two
small Batteries were constructed fronting the Beach
above Montmorency. Compleated two Batterys on
the Declivity of the Cliff, 4 guns scouring the Beach
towards the Enemy and one the water. This night

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 213
7 Royal Howitzers and one Mortar played upon
the Enemy's Encampment concealed behind the Hill
in which their principal Breastworks are made that
front the Beach (marked in the Sketch i" Encamp
ment). This morning between n and 12 o'clock part
of the Town of Quebec was set on fire by a shell from
our Batteries on Point Peres which continued in flames
till 1 1 o'clock at night. A very heavy fire from the
Town on our Batteries the whole day, during which
time we now and then threw a few shells in. This
night the Sutherland 50 Gun Ship was ordered to sail
up from her anchorage above the Town but did not
proceed. 17th. Our working parties employed in making
Fascines, completing the Centre Continuing on the re
doubts on the Cliff, hauling of Guns and bringing
Stores to the artillery Park — removing of the Pro
visions. This morning about half past 5 when the
Covering party of the Fascine Cutters were posting
their Centries they were fired on by a body of Indians
who killed and wounded 10 of our men, they scalped
4 and made off without any loss — the moment they
fired one whole Regiment ran into the woods after
them, some with arms, others with their Tomahawks,
but could not catch them. The Indians were obliged
to leave behind some of their Blankets and Toma
hawks &c. This morning came in a Deserter from
the opposite side of the River Montmorency who
met the above Indians with the Scalps crossing over
the Ford of the River towards the French, one league
up. 1 8th. The working party from the Woods for frais-
ing the Great Redoubt at the foot of its Glacis. The
French Boats fired on our Boats passing & repassing
from the Shipping to Montmorency Encampment, but
were repulsed by the Batteries both from the Encamp
ment and that of the Point of Orleans. This night
one Fifty Gun Ship and 3 frigates sailed above the
Town. One Frigate keeping one shore too close on

214 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
board stuck fast between Point Levi & Pons [ ]
&c. 19th. The working people employed as usual in mak
ing Fascines & pickets, Hauling up of artillery & Stores
and landing of Provisions.
2o'h. This morning a body of the Enemy fired on
our working party as they were getting Pickets to
finish the fraising of the Great redoubt but ceased on
our firing some cannon at them. The Commander in
Chief arrived at the Camp Montmorency and returned
immediately to Point Levi taking with him one Engin
eer. This night a party of 250 men began to work on
the Redans in the front of the Encampment, about 200
yards. This night about 10 o'clock, all the Grenadiers
consisting of 9 companies were ordered to embark
from this Camp for the Island of Orleans Point.
21s'. Several Mortars &c were removed from the
Artillery Park down to the water side to be embarked.
A Party ordered out to cut Fascines. Arrived in this
Camp from the Point of the Island of Orleans the
Detachment of Durbure's consisting of — and an
other of Cornwallis. This morning at break of day
Lawrence's Battalion of the Royal Americans and a
party of Highlanders under the Command of — landed
about 20 miles above the Town and on the same side.
22nd. Arrived the Commander in Chief this evening
from Point Levi. Our working party employed in mak
ing Fascines. At 1 1 o'clock this night began the Fire
in the Town which seemed to blaze very much owing
to our Bombardment which consumed several buildings
amongst the rest the Parish Church.
23rd. Went from this Camp the Commander in Chief,
Brig' Gen1 Murray, the Chief Engineer and that Corps,
leaving one Engineer in order to carry on the Repara
tion of the work, such as Fraising the small Redoubt
& fraising & widening the Ditch of the Fortified house.
This morning early till 6 o'clock the fire in the Town
continued to rage very much & were closely plied with
shells during the time from our Batteries at Point Peres.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 21 5
Returned this night the Comm' in chief— Brigadier
Murray. This night opened a Battery of 32 Pounders.
Richochet from Point Peres against the Town.
25th July 1759. Fired on the French largest En
campment. They reserved the same. Party em
ployed in cutting Fascines. Built a new Battery front
ing the Enemies works.
26th. Begun on the Center Redoubt and Fraising
the right redoubt, at Break of day this morning went
out General Wolfe and Brigadier Murray with his Di
visions that of Otway's, and the Light Infantry with
General Wolfe, Briggs with Brigadr Murray. Re
turned into Camp this evening General Otway's Regi
ment. 27th. Was detached this morning from this Camp
Gen1 Lascelle's Regiment to reinforce Bragg's that had
surrounded the village of L'Ange Guardien about 3
miles below our Encampment. The Enemy retired
into the woods and the 28th Received orders to follow
them during their march into the woods — the Enemy
consisted of about 150 men Canadians and Indians.
Fired 2 rounds on them the Regiment rushed on and
took 4 prisoners, our loss was 2 killed and 6 wounded.
Orders were sent from General Wolfe not to destroy
the village or Church. Bragg's & Lascelle's returned
this afternoon into Camp with about 38 head of Cattle
besides upwards of 100 Sheep and 40 horses. This
night about 12 o'clock the. Enemy sent a large Fire
raft from the Town taking the advantage of the west
erly wind and the tide of Ebb which when observed
by our ships of war was immediately towed off.
28th. Opened our Battery of Six 32 pounders on
Point Island.
29*. Orders- were given out for the 13 Companies of
Grenadiers under the Command of Colonel Burton to
embark on the morrow from Point d'Orleans in boats
and to attack the upper Redoubt on the water's edge
between the Falls and Beauport and to be supported
by two Companies of Royal Americans — Monckton's

2l6 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Battalion and the Army at Montmorency Camp at
General Townshend's discretions to cross the Ford
below the Falls. Two Engineers for that service.
Orders this day for another Redout to be marked out
in the Camp to strengthen our Chain. Strong can
nonading from our Batteries on Island Point Peres.
30th. The Redoubt began on. The working party
employed on that service.
September A?1 1759. Returned Captain Hazen's corps
from a Scout to Joichim, about 30 miles down the
River. 5th. Returned the 35th Regiment and Light Infantry
from a Scout to the village about 3 miles from our En
campment called L'ange Gardien and brought in four
Prisoners. This Evening was detached two companies
under the Command of Goram and Hazen on a scout
towards the village of S' Pauls, near the Isle au Cou-
dre. 8th. The General went out reconnoitering up the
river: his Escort about twenty men. Eight p. m. at
night the Town on Fire.
9*. The Fire, still remains kindled.
September 13*. The General Battle on the Heights
of Abraham and the enemy defeated and totally routed
and the fourth day after Quebec capitulated to us.
Ships of War — Louisbourg — June 4"1 1759 for
Convoy.
Line.
Neptune- Vice Royal William Dublin-Rear
admiral admiral
Shrewsbury Oxford Northumber land
Bedford Prince Frederick Medway
Terrible and  Somerset — for  Halifax
Frigates.
Diana Lizard Trent
Hind Leostaff Hunter
Nightingale Frigate left at anchor in Louisbourg
Harbour.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 217
List of the Fleet in the River S' Lawrence -under
the Command of Admiral Durell— June 4th 1759.
Line.
Princess Amelia Pembroke Devonshire — Alcide
Prince of Orange Vanguard Sterling Castle.
Major General Wolfe — Brigr General Townshend.
Brigadier General Monckton — Brigr Gen1 Murray.
List of Troops under the Command of Major Gen1
Wolfe for the Expedition against Quebec June 4th —
1759- Royal Reg' of Artillery 3 companies-300 — 15th Am
herst's. 35th Otway's — 28th Braggs — 43rd Kenneday's — 47th
Lascelle's. 48th Webb's — 60* Battalion Royal Americans.
58th Anstruther's — Fraser's Highlanders.
[Another account of the operations at Quebec, in a
series of letters, written by John Montresor to his
father, Col. James Montresor.']
Montmorency" August 10th 1759.
Dear Father
Enclosed I send you an epistolary Journal with
whSt I thought most essential in it, which was what
publick occurrences, happened, and arrived to my
knowledge in this Camp. As to what passes at Point
Levi or Orleans is very insignificant as they are well
fortified and in a manner in a state of retirement.
Ever since we first arrived here I have lived with the
Commander in Chief as he was so kind himself, as to
give me a general invitation more than once and am
the only Engineer with him, or rather encamped here.
He has honoured me, with acquainting me if I wanted
any Assistant Engineer, he would order them over to
me, I told him unless he had more works than were
on foot now, it was no more than mere pleasure to me.

2l8 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
I fancy after our last coup, our time will be long here,
for we had many wounded, amongst the rest Green
and Williamson. I suppose the next stroke will be at
the town, by what I can learn, for every body is in
spirits and ready to retrieve our tother days peregrin
ation : to gain the Summit of the Bank intended, with
Expedition would have required very good troops,
even had they none to oppose them. This Day the
Canadian's manifest will be expired which was pla
carded in all their Churches and communicated to them
by several means signifying that if they did not join
their settlements by this Day, & Continued taking
arms against his Brittanic Majesty, he would destroy
all their Plantations without exception but if they would
return they might enjoy their privileges of Religion
and Right &c as before. It seems Monsieur Vaudriel
has assured them we dare not do it. To morrow the
General will give directions accordingly, which desola
tion will afford us no small diversion to our Soldiery
who are all in charming health. Mr Keller and the
rest of our Corps are all encamped at Point de Levi —
Green has leave to go home from General Wolfe and
I believe will go home in some of the first ships. Bob
Haswell is in the Northumberland, desires his Love to
you. Our shipping are to the full as numerous as the
Campaign before and by what I can see, we have about
as much to expect from them. We have received no
account as yet from Major General Amhersts, by what
we can learn from Deserters they have cut off our
intelligence. Two Officers and two Indians who were
led into a snare by two other French Indians. I hear
you are to remain with the Command of 1500 men to
construct a stone fort where the Lines were, near Fort
William Henry. God send you safe back. N B.
This is the country where nothing was to be got to
eat. What I've to say is that it's one of the first coun
tries I ever saw in my Life — greatest plenty of Grain.
I am, dear Father your most dutiful Son
John Montresor.

journals of capt. john montresor. 219
Camp near the Falls of Montmorency
August io'h 1759.
Sir. . . .After an easy passage up this River of above
14 days the whole fleet arrived safe at anchor near
the Parish of S' Laurent on the Isld of Orleans ; and
on the 27th of June the Rangers Light Infantry, and
the first Brigade under the Command of Brigr Gen
eral Monckton landed at 6 o'clock in the morning
without the least opposition in flat Bottomed Boats
provided for that purpose, each containing 71 men be
sides the rowers. At 2 pm the fleet drove from their
anchors, the anchorage ground being slaty and the
wind very high at East, several vessels lost their
masts &°, and were greatly disabled lost all their whale
Boats — that were lashed on their quarters, several of
the ship's Boats & some Flat bottomed Boats, several
vessels cut their cables and ran on the Island of Or
leans. On the 30th crossed over in Boats to the South
ern Shore Brigr Gen1 Monckton's Brigade in order to
take possession of Point de Levi which is one league
from the town of Quebec. This was executed with
little or no loss. The 3 Companies of Grenadiers
from Louisbourg and some light Infantry under the
command of Co1 Carleton took post on a rising ground
about one mile this side of the West South Westward-
most point of the Island of Orleans.
July the Ist. Marched from the Encampment of S'
Laurent the following Regiments — Bragg's — Lascelle's
— Anstruther's — Monckton's and 40 Rangers — the
whole under the Command of Brigr General Town
shend to join the body under the Command of Col
Carleton. On the 2nd we marched out and began con
structing a strong post on the Point, the rear being
one entire Precipice, capable of containing near 500
men & this day was landed Artillery of several natures
& some stores.
3rd July. Arrived from the Encampment of S' Lau
rent the 35* Regiment and Moncktons Battalion under

2 20 JOURNALS, OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
the Command of Brig1 Gen1 Murray and joined the
main Body.
7th July. Our Frigates fired on the Enemies works
on the North Beach towards the Falls of Montmorency
which was returned as also by the Enemies floating
Batteries. 8th July. The Bomb Ketches fired several shot and
threw many shells, the fuses short and the distance
great. The light Infantry returned from Point Levi
to the Point of Orleans for to embark with the second
Brigade under the Command of Brigr Gen1 Town
shend. 9''1 July. At 2 o'clock am the above Brigade, yc 3
Companies of the Louisbourg Grenadiers Light In
fantry and Rangers Embarked from the North Side of
the Island of Orleans and landed with very little op
position on the North Main close to the Falls of Mont
morency. The Batteries from the Town played most
of this day on our Works constructing at Point Pere,
the nearest land to the Town from the South Side. At
10 pm one 13 inch mortar threw a shell at our Ship
ping at Anchor, near the northern shore, they imme
diately weighed their anchors, some slipped and joined
the Fleet. This night orders were given for Otway's
— and Anstruther's to hold themselves in readiness to
join our troops on the north side. Six Royal 4 inch
Howitzers were sent over with them.
10th July. On the Shipping retiring the Enemy re
turned to their former Encampments. Provisions were
landed from the Fleet to the North Main — the Enemy
always firing from their Batteries on the Strand on the
Boats, as they pass and repass.
1 ilh July. The Enemy bombarded the Shipping and
encampment on the Point of Orleans, with one 13 Inch
Mortar. This evening a Battery was laid out and be
gan on the Point for two 24 pounders to protect the
Boats from being so frequently insulted by the floating
Batteries. 12th July. The body with General Wolfe compleated

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 221
the redoubt for 300 men near the Falls ancl began on
one near the Precipice. Employed also in hauling up
of artillery from the Beach to the Encampment about
100 feet from the level of the water and the Declivity
very Sudden. This Night at 9 o'clock the Brigade un
der the Command of Brigadier General Monckton
opened a Battery of Six — 13 inch Mortars on Point
Per e against the Town.
1 3th July. This morning we observed the enemy
had constructed a Battery on the opposite side of the
Montmorency with four Embrasures. Orders were
given for each Corps to thicken their Breastworks in
the front of their Encampments. A Battery of Six 24
Pounders were erected parallel to it in 9 hours and the
Howitzers brought out fronting it which played on it
with great success — the shells lodging, in the Merlons
and bursting.
14th July. This day the Commander in Chief with
the Quartermaster General and one Engineer escorted
by a party of light Infantry went reconnoitering up the
River Montmorency, in order to find a passage over.
No fording place could be observed for the Distance
of above one mile and \. A constant fire was kept
from the Enemies side. The Banks almost inaccessi
ble and the Stream very rapid.
15th July. This day the Park of Artillery was formed
within the Chain of Redoubts on the left of the En
campment. This night four Companies of Grenadiers
under the Command of Major Morris were ordered
from this Encampment to the Point of Orleans.
1 6th July. This day the Grenadiers of the line re
ceived orders to hold themselves in readiness to em
bark. These orders, in some time after, counter
manded. Two Redoubts were laid out, one forming
the Chain between the great and small Redoubts, the
other Commanding the Bank on which the two Bat
teries were constructed fronting the Beach above
Montmorency. This evening between 11 and 12
o'clock part of the town of Quebec was set on fire by

222 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
a shell from our Batteries which continued in flames
till 1 1 o'clock. The Town played the whole day on
our Works and we returned the salute by throwing
of shells without any intermission. Thus far we have
proceeded with success and vigour, but where the grand
coup is to be, is not known. Some say at Beauport,
others to ford the Montmorency, others to storm the
Basseville and Fauxbourg de S' Roch — but various are
the Conjectures. This night the Sutherland, a 50
Gun Ship was ordered to sail above the Town (but
did not.)
17th July. This morning our fascine cutters were at
tacked by a body of Savages, we repulsed them, with
the loss of our side of ten men killed and wounded,
half of which they Scalped, notwithstanding we rushed
in on the Report of their Musquets. This morning
came in a Deserter — a Regular who met the Savages
crossing the ford on their return with the Scalps. Our
troops, one third on the works, one third hauling of
Cannon and carrying stores to the Artillery Park.
1 8th July. The French Boats, fired on our Boats as
they passed and repassed on the North side of the Isl
and of Orleans. Began fraising the Redoubts. This
night one 50 Gun Ship and 3 Frigates sailed above
the town. One Frigate keeping our shore too close
on board stuck fast between Point de Levi and Point
des Peres.
19th July. Our working parties employed as usual
in making Fascines &c drawing up of Artillery and
landing Provisions.
20th July. This morning a body of the Enemy
fired on our Party cutting pickets for finishing the
Fraising of the Great Redoubt, but retired upon our
firing some Howitzers at them. This night a party of
250 men began to work on three small Redans in the
front of the Encampment. This night all the Grena
diers here consisting of Nine Companies were ordered
to embark from this Camp to the Point of the Island
of Orleans.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 223
21" July. Several Mortars &c were removed from
the Artillery Park to the water side to be embarked.
Arrived in this Camp from the Point of Orleans part
of the Detachment of Duroure's and Cornwallis's.
This morning at Break of day Lawrence's Battery and
a party of Highland Rangers and Light Infantry landed
about 20 miles above the town and upon the same side
and drove the Enemy & took about 200 women away
and put them on board of our ships.
22nd. Our Commander returned from Point Levi this
Evening. At 1 1 o'clock this night the Town took fire
and burnt very fierce and consumed the Cathedral.
23rd. Went from this camp the Commander in Chief,
Brigr Gen1 Murray, the Chief Engineer and that Corps
leaving one Engineer in order to carry on the remain
der of the works. The fire in the town raged till 6
this evening, and were slowly plied all night by our
Bomb, Batteries at Point des Peres from which place
this night we opened a Battery of 32 pounders Richo-
chet against the town.
24th. The Enemy brought down 13 Boats between
the 2 Batteries on the shore near Montmorency. This
day we constructed Merlons on a Barbette Battery
fronting the Enemies Trenches on the opposite side
the Falls and added one more Gun or Embrasure to
it which completed it for five 24 Pounders.
25th. We fired from our Battery of five 24 pounders
on the Enemies longest Encampment about 2 miles
from us being near the village of Beauport and obliged
them to remove it. This day we constructed another
Battery of four long 24 pounders near the former front
ing the Enemies Works.
26th. This day we began on our Center Redoubt.
At Break of Day — the Commander in chief, Brig"
Murray, in 2 Divisions recconnoitering up the River
Montmorency — the Regiments were Otway's and
Bragg's and the whole Light Infantry and Ran
gers. The whole returned into Camp, the same
Evening. That Body with the Commander in Chief

224 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
meeting with a large body of the Enemy, engaged
them with small loss on both sides, we beat the Enemy
quite out of the field into the River and fired at them.
As they were passing the Enemy returned a heavy
fire from the opposite side of the River, there not
being above 80 Feet over which killed and wounded
us several. We had one captain killed which was
Fletcher, one subaltern which was Hamilton — both of
Otway's. One shot through the lungs and the Gen
eral's aid de camp wounded. Captain Bell and about
30 were killed and wounded. The loss of the Ene
mies side was much more, as the greatest carnage
was when they were in the River and obliged to pass
through two Companies of Light Infantry to get there,
so nobly had our Commander in chief made his Dis
position in case of an attack.
27th. General Bragg's Regiment not returning last
night, Lascelles were detached from Camp this morn
ing to reinforce them, as they had invested the village
of S' Ange Gardien about 3 miles below our Encamp
ment. The Enemy abandoned the village and took
post in the woods. The 28lh Regiment Received or
ders from the officer Commanding that Corps immedi
ately to rush in which they did and took 4 Canadians
prisoners, we had 2 men killed and 4 wounded. Or
ders were Sent from the Commander in Chief to that
Detachment not to destroy the village nor the Church
at that time. The 28th and 47th Regiments returned
into camp this afternoon with 38 head of Cattle, 20
horses and upwards of 100 Sheep. This night about
12 o'clock the Enemy sent a fire raft from the town
with the tide of Ebb towards our shipping which when
observed by the Ships of War their Boats immediately
towed it off.
28th July 1759. Opened a Battery of six 32 poun
ders at Point des Peres against the Town.
29th. Orders were given out for the 13 Companies
of Grenadiers under the Command of Colonel Burton
to embark on the morrow from the Point of Orleans in

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 225
flat Bottomed Boats and to attack the Upper Redoubts
on the water's Edge between the Falls and Beauport
to be supported by 2 Compleat Companies of Monck
ton's Battalion. The Army at Montmorency Camp to
cross the Ford below the Falls at Brigadier Towns
hend's Discretion. Two Engineers for this service
one in Ordinary and one Extraordinary. Orders this
day for another Redoubt to be made in this Camp in
order to Strengthen our Chain round the Encampment.
30th. The redoubt began on but not compleated this
day. 31". At 10 o'clock, sailed down — 2 Cats with can
non, in order to batter against the two Batteries and
Redoubts, that the Enemy had constructed on the
River Side, one mile above the Falls, of Montmorency
— they . came to an anchor, or rather ran ashore as
nigh the Enemies works as possible, at high water,
during which time they were fired on without intermis
sion particularly the headmost (at) from their works
and floating Batteries — that were hauled close to the
land under the Enemie's Cannon. -Directly the vessels
touched they began returning the Enemie's fire very
amply, which prevented that hot fire as before — not
withstanding the Enemy now and then saluted them,
almost every shot taking place. In half an hour after
sailed down his Majesty's Ship the Centurion — 50
Gun Ship to assist the Cats in covering the landing of
the Troops and destroying the Enemies works but her
coming to an anchor, at so great a distance ; and the
situation she was in prevented her shot having the de
sired effect — though they were well directed, if not
better than could have been conceived from the Place
and distance. The flat bottomed Boats with the
Grenadiers of the Line, after some cannonading from
the shipping rowed from the Point of Orleans towards
the Redoubt to be attacked and were joined by the
Commander in Chief and two Companies of Brigadier
Monckton's Battalion from Montmorency Camp or
dered for to sustain the Grenadiers. The whole re
's

2 26 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
mained on their oars for some time till they were
joined by Brigadier General Monckton's Brigade from
Point Levi during which time the Enemy fired several
shots at the Boats and 3 shells as fast as possible
from two 13 Inch Mortars — they had on the Bank or
Cliff. We made an attempt to row on shore then
again laid on our Oars, it being tide of Ebb, we let it
drive our Boats till they came opposite the Centre —
between the 2 Redoubts, when the signal was made
for the whole to row on shore, it being between 5 and
6 o'clock in the Evening, during which time the En
emy collected all their force from Beauport. Three
Companies of Grenadiers were in the Cats who dis
embarked with the rest of the Troops at Low water
mark the Strand being near half a mile over to the
Redoubt and about 400 yards meadow land to the foot
of the Bank. They marched first to the Redoubt
which the Enemy abandoned first firing their mus
quetry that were in it. Then the Enemy began firing
vollies from the trenches on the top of the Bank not
withstanding the Distance they wounded many of our
people. (At this time General Townshend with his
Brigade and Light Infantry had crossed the ford and
were on the Strand ready to support the attack. Briga
dier General Monckton's Brigade were also landed in
the rear of the attack.) Our Grenadiers after entering
the first redoubt and Battery were on their way to that
nearer Montmorency about 200 yards from the other in
order to storm it, as they formed they could not proceed
straight up from the first redoubt during their march
the Bank projecting more in on the Strand gave our
troops, from the French a very heavy fire which obliged
us to retreat at first a little confused, but soon formed
again under favour of a heavy shower as ever I saw for
the time. Marched with great regularity into their
Boats as likewise did Monckton's Brigade, leaving the
Highlanders with the Commander in Chief at their head
to cross the ford after Brigadier General Townshend's
Brigade. The Cannon played from their Batteries at

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 227
our Troops passing the Ford and to give them their
due merit they passed it as regularly as at a review or
exercising a manoeuvre of that kind, notwithstanding
they were not 400 yards from a Battery of 3 Guns
that bore on them the whole time. The 2 Cats we
blew up with 2 Short Six pounders about 500 En
trenching Tools &c &c.
N B. Our Artillery from Montmorency consisting
of upwards of 60 pieces of all kinds enfiladed their
works and by all accounts did great execution, they
never ceased firing from 10 in the morning till we re
treated which we did without ever once firing a shot.
Our Commander in Chief was not a little exasperated
at his Grenadiers he says he accuses them of everything
but want of Spirit as they did not wait for his Orders.
August Ist. Compleated the redoubts near the
Royal American Encampment and double fraised it.
2nd. Enclosed the two Quarter Guards en Redoubt
of the 28th Regiment and Moncktons Battalion and
fraised the same.
3rd, The Regiment went through some manoeuvres
directed by the Commander in Chief.
4th. Returned Captain Hazen's Company of Rangers
from a Scout below the River. Had an Engagement
where he drove the Enemy but lost his Lieu' and some
of his men. Six Companies of Grenadiers were in
structed in some new manoeuvres by the Commr in
Chief. 5th. This night we fired several Rounds of Artillery
at the Enemies Entrenchments and fired a Rocket.
Came in a Deserter. Came down the North Channel
for this Camp a Ship loaded with Provisions. Were
detached this night to reconnoitre the Environs the
47th Regiment with one Howitzer & one Short six
pounder. 7th. Went from this Camp Reconnoitering the Com
mander in Chief with the 58th Reg' and Light Infantry
of the Camp commanded by Col Howe. This day
Lascelles returned & the rest of the Detachments.

2 28 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
8th August 1759. A Small Party went out recon
noitering up the River Montmorency. This night
about 1 2 o'clock the town took fire.
9th. The fire remained kindled great part of this
day.
 io'h. Our working party employed on another
Redoubt enclosing Brigr Gen1 Murray's Quarters.
This morning went down the river, 2 Companies of
Grenadiers of the Royal Americans and also the
Comm' in Chief in flat Bottomed Boats as far as
Joachim's. They returned back this day, after having
had some skirmishing a few men wounded on both
sides and the Enemy as usual drove. A near account
of what troops the French have from Montmorency to
the Town.
Regulars = 2400 Regular Horse = 1000 Cana
dians = 12,000 Indians = 1000 in all = 16.400 Men.
N. B. I've one remonstrance to beg leave to make
to you, as Chief Engineer that I've not received a
Tent since I've been an established Engineer. The
last year's reason was from Col Bastide, who told me
I was too late when at the same time, he made an
allowance to Captain Williamson of^"i2 Sterling. This
year I applied to Mr Keller who told me there were
none left and it was not in his power to make me any
allowance for. What I think on that head, is that it is
very hard and that our Commanding Officers are very
much afraid of the Board of Ordnance. I know a
Captain Lieu' of Artillery that has received for these
four Campaigns, four new tents and Marquees Captain
Lieu' Day.
To LT Colonel Montresor. Quebec, October 5"1 1759.
Dear Sir
My letter from Montmorency Camp to you was
dated August io'h to which time, the most essential
passages of the Campaign were inserted in it, and
from that time to the day of the Capitulation of this

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 2 29
place I will endeavour to continue to you my Journal
though but superficial.
Aug. n'h. Completed the redoubt round Brigr Gen1
Murray's Quarter with a fraise on the foot of the
Glacis. 12th August 1759. Came in accounts that our
Rangers under the Command of Captain Goram had
destroyed the village of S' Paul's near the Isle aux
Coudres and were proceeding over to the West Side
to lay waste that part of the country opposite.
I3lh. We fired several shots from our Artillery on
the Enemie's works across the Falls.
1 4*. Our working parties as usual. A foraging party
of a man of a tent, were detached from this Camp
escorted by a large Detachment of Light Infantry.
A large Launce came down to the Battery above the
Falls about 800 yards. We fired several shots at it
from our lower Batteries. This night a Volunteer party
of one Officer & 16 men of the 48th Reg' went out to
form an Ambuscade near the Skirts of the wood round
the Encampment.
15th. We continued firing both from our Lower
Batteries and our Howitzers at the great Launce, im
agining she had brought Ammunition &c to the Lower
Battery, when fortunately she blew up, by means of a
cold shot from our Lower Batteries of four Ship 24
Pounders, which burst several shells on board and
discharged several small arms. At 9 o'clock this night
the Town took fire from our Batteries from which we
played briskly and»the French returned. A total Dis
charge of their Artillery of all kinds fronting our works
on Point des Peres.
1 6th. Came in a Deserter this morning from Le Roy
Rousillon. As almost every night volunteer parties
lay out — lasts night party of 16 men was commanded
by a volunteer who fell in with part of the Enemy in
the night and retired through the woods to an Opening
near the Church of the village S' Ange Gardien to a
house, where he was attacked by a party of above 200

230 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Indian and Canadians mostly Indians — they sur
rounded the house and even put the muzzles of their
fusils into the Windows and would attempt to take hold
of our men's arms, when offering to put them out to
fire, our small party defended themselves gallantly
killing several of the Enemy. On hearing this firing
the Comman' in Chief with the pickets of the Line set
out with all Dispatch to their relief detaching a party
of the light Infantry into the woods, to cut them off. A
Serjeant and 20 men of the 28th Reg1 rushed bravely to
the house & assisted to its noble defence. The Enemy
retired just time enough to escape the Ambuscade of
the Light Infantry who were within five minutes of
trapping the whole.
17th. Embarked from this Camp eight 12 pounders
long field pieces — one Captain two subalterns and one
company of Artillery, for the 3 new constructed
Batteries at Point des Peres. Parties are daily de
tached from this Camp for boards for the Mens Tents,
and also for Corn to dry in the Sun for their Tents, as
the straw is grown bad.
i8'\ Arrived 150 Highlanders from Point de Levi to
this Camp and were immediately detached down the
River and took post at the village of S' Joichim opposite
the Traverse. The Enemy constructed a small
Battery of two— 24 pounders close to the nearest
battery on the Beach, behind a mole or projection of
the Bank, which they play on our Boats passing and
repassing the North Channel.
19th. Arrived in this Camp from the Point of Orleans
the 3 Louisbourg Companies of Grenadiers in order
to join the Post below.
20th. Were detached, the 3 Companies of Grenadiers
to S' Ange Gardien to take Post in the Church.
215'. Were detached to the Highlander's post, one
short 6 pounder & 1 Howitzer.
22nd. Began setting the lower post on fire and all the
villages about it.
23rd. Set on Fire the villages of L'Ange Gardien and

JOURNALS OF CArT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 23 1
Chateau Richer. The floating Batteries attacked
Goram's Post about 9 miles above Point Peres. This
day 2 Sailors were scalped and 5 wounded, when
plundering on the South Main. This day was killed
and scalped the Priest who commanded a party of men
at Joichim and 20 of his. party, they made but a bad
defence. This night on a report of some pickets hav
ing been heard to have drove on the opposite side of
the River Montmorency, an aid de Camp & Engineer
was sent out up the River and part of the Skirt of the
Wood with a party of one serjeant and two men.
24th. Our parties continued burning the village of S'
Ange Gardien.
25th August 1759. The Parties on the North side
ordered to burn and destroy all the settlements to the
Encampment and join the main body.
26th. Embarked from this Encampment several pieces
of Artillery and Stores. Arrived this day Brigr Gen1
Murray who has returned with his Command that were
on the North side above Quebec.
27th, 28th, 29th. The army employed in embarking of
Cannon and Stores and Tools to be sent on board of
the Transports.
30th. This night were detached down the river on
the South Side 40 men from each Regiment for de
stroying the settlements.
31s'. Five hundred men employed in hawling all the
heavy artillery to the Beach and embarking them in
Boats. This night the Marines embarked for the Isl
and of Orleans. This night went up above the Town
one Frigate 2 Transports & 2 Sloops, a heavy can
nonading from the Town ensued.
September Ist. The Field Train and some Howitzers
only remaining in Camp. Arrived in Camp the 3
Companies of Louisbourg Grenadiers & 3 Companies
of Highlanders. L'Ange Gardien set on fire and all
the settlements to this Camp. Several Long Boats &
flat Bottomed Boats arrived for the remainder of the
Artillery Stores, Tools &c Regiments Baggage. An

232 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Engineer ordered this night over to the Island of Or
leans to strengthen that post.
2nd. Arrived on the Island of Orleans the 3 Compan
ies Louisbourg Grenadiers and 3 Companies of High
landers from the Camp at Montmorency and the 2
Battalions of Royal Americans and Encamped there.
Also a Detachment of Artillery — 2 Short 12 pounders
and two 8 inch Howitzers. This day the Comm' in
Chief Received accounts from Major General Amherst
that the Enemy had abandoned Carillon and Fort
Frederick and that he was then in possession of the
latter. Quebec October i8'h — 1759.
Dear Sir.
Enclosed I send you the Disposition of the two Ar
mies as they were drawn up, the glorious 13th of
September 1759. I hardly dared venture to send it
you, as it is only a Brouillon — a conjectural Sketch
that I took a few days after the victory and not being
well finished but my dear father you must consider one
thing, that no one Could expect to have a finished
Draught from an Engineer on an Expedition very
early, as they are always greatly employed after a sur
render or Capitulation and have no title to send away
anything of that Kind, in Consequence of their Instruc
tions and also of their Orders they receive from their
Commanding officers of their corps and have not it in
their power always to get a copy of a survey. Our sit
uation at present is very tranquil, the Enemy remain
at Jacques Cartier without any molestation — the In
dians are fled from both parties. The Canadians are
neuter, that are near us and numbers have taken the
oaths of fidelity and given in their arms and supply
us with Sheep, Hogs, Fowls and Vegetables, not very
cheap you may imagine. Their paper money by order
of the Governor Brigr General Murray is cried down,
so they truck their Commodities for L' Argent Blanc,
Salt or Pork, Flour or Biscuit. We are quartered but

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 233
so and so, the Quarters of the Town are divided to the
Regiments the Basseville to 3 Battalions and the Fau
bourg of S' Roch to 5 Companies of Highlanders (and
the 48th Reg' in the palace of the Intendant) the best
Quarters of the whole. I'm quartered in a house that
has no roof, not a single Board, nor has the Engineer
a single artificer under his Command, nor has the Com
missary of Ordnance Stores a single Key of the Bar
rack Tools, Magazines &c. Cap' Leslie has the Keys
and Command of every thing. However I make those
things set very easy. I scuffle with the crowd & must
say this for myself that I can as the saying is, make
my quarters as good as any, in the idle hours, I get a
couple of carpenters or rather am to get to morrow to
begin roofing. I've procured already the materials
and as I understand this morning that a poor Subal
tern (which I am likely to remain without your assist
ance) is to receive only 3 cords of wood for his fuel
this Winter I am providing that article in a very am
ple manner, thanks be to our well directed Shells
which have knocked in several houses that are not
tenable and so condemned. I think the Desolation of
this place exceeded Louisbourg. I mentioned to you
before that I have received no Tent as yet since I have
been an Established Engineer, nor any allowance made
me. The Fleet for England are not sailed, for these 3
days past we have had a storm that drove some of the
vessels on shore. The Ships of War have received no
damages My duty if you please to my Dear Mother
and love to Harry. In regard to our Works they are
in General new and in pretty good order, excepting
the Bastion next the Citadel whose left face and Flank
wants thickening, the Flank has 10 guns — 11 Em
brasures and the Face 8. We are cutting Embrasures
in several of the Faces, making Banquettes to the
Curtins filling in some of the Merlons, Fortifying the
avenues of the Fauxbourg of S' Roch and that of Cape
Diamond, by a Stockade and Ditch with Loopholes
for firing through. The rest of the Troops are em-

234 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
ployed in bringing from the Water Side and piling of
Wood for the Winter and others cutting it on the
Point of the Island of Orleans. As 8 or io of our
Scalps have been taken when wooding some distance
up the River on the North Main I think as nigh as I
can learn there is taken from the Enemy and near the
town 330 pieces of Cannon 20 Mortars 501 Barrels of
Powder. As to other Stores I have not learnt any
account of — I know there is a great quantity of Shot
and particularly of 13 Inch Shells — we have also taken
three Howitzers, 8 inch Brass lost at Mr Braddock's
affair. The Magazines for Powder are in very good
order and well situated. The Guards mounted in the
Town are per Diem 1000. Centry Boxes we have
made and mounted. 300.
The Present Situation of the Town of Quebec with a
Description of it and its Environs.
The Town is divided by a clift which divides the
upper Town from the lower Town. The upper Town
is that part that is fortified which towards the land is
by 6 Bastions, constructed of masonry, very obtuse,
cannon proof, Bastions hollow, the Flanks mounting
from 6 to 10 Guns, the Faces scarce have any, several
of the Merlins not filled in, no Ditch or at least only
here and there, nor can be any made of any Depth, as
the work was constructed before any Ditch was sunk
and the soil is of a slaty Rock, the blowing of it for
that purpose must undoubtedly shake the whole mass
of the works. There is a kind of wall intended for a
covert way. The highest part of the works is towards
the River S' Lawrence on Cape Diamond where there
is a sort of Citadel Constructed with a large Magazine
within. The whole greatly commanded by the Ground
before it, called the Heights of Abraham, where the
French Army was defeated by the English army under
the command of the late Major General Wolfe Septem
ber 13 — 1759. There are several knolls or Hillocks

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 235
within 400 yards of the works very capable of contain
ing Bastions of 9 & 10 Guns each. The night before the
Town capitulated one of the Batteries for 10 Guns was
marked out against the left Face of Bastion urseline and
one for 9 guns against the left Face of Bastion S' Jean
and to have been begun on that night. Had there not
been advice received that the Enemy were making
some motions seeming to attack us that night, prepa
rations were made accordingly for their reception, by
ordering the working parties for the Bastions to cut
down a Quantity of Brush in the Front of our Encamp
ment and the Cannon (Fieldpieces) were divided to
such Regiments. Quebec December 16th 1760
Dear Sir
Finding no possibility for the collier to proceed on
her voyage from hence, on account of the Ice, I've en
closed my letter to you by the Post to Montreal, which
is safe but irregular. There's scarce anything here
worth relating to you. All is quiet of course thanks
to our arms, though after the capitulation of Canada
was signed an officer of troops being in Company with
some French officers said 'Twas " un grand coup."
One made answer (as a Reflection) that we might
thank our humanity more than our arms for so great
an aquisition in allusion to Mr Murray's Expedition up
the River, where above 7000 men deserted to him and
several Regulars (man' of his placards & manifestos)
the whole brought in their Arms, took the oaths of
Fidelity and were well treated which prevented any
of the Canadians appearing in arms when we were be
fore the Town. I am glad to find by Lieut Colonel
Maitland that the troops of this District meet with the
approbation of the Big wigs at home. T'would be
strange if they did not for if Bravery, Vigilance, activ
ity, willingness, perseverance, and good conduct would
not gain it, what would ? For were we altogether un
successful in the antecedent affairs of the last Cam-

236 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
paign ? The Enemy once fixed here would be, the
English term it, given us the Bag to hold. You'll say,
our Trumpeter is still existing, & that it is natural for
me to praise the Bridge I go over, but facts are facts
& what all the world says must be true. I am going
through a course of Physic at last having postponed
the Evil day till now, notwithstanding my friend Adair
and the rest of the Family's advice, but necessity has
obliged me for I am broke out with the Scurvy, am in
good health otherwise and hope soon to get over it,
as I never despond and am regular to prescription.
Hope Dear Sir when I am so happy as to hear from
you next, shall know what footing I'm on in regard to
the next year's Document (Dowen ?)
To I am dear Father
Lieut Col Montresor Yours &c
John montresor

VI.
Expedition to " Les Praries de la Magdalene."
John Montresor.
July 14th — 1760. . . . At 5 o'clock this afternoon the
Diana made signals for weighing and before six the
whole were under way the wind fair with the tide of
flood. At seven signal was given for Anchoring when
the whole came to an anchor between the villages of
S' Augustin and S' Anthoine  8 Fathoms —
N° of Sail  34 Sail
Provisions for three months  3 months.
The fleet of Lord Rollo's Brigade. . 1 7 Sail.
I5"'- At 5 o'clock this morning a signal was made
for weighing the wind fair and tide of Flood at \ after
Six the fleet arrived a breast of Pointe au Tremble.
The Canadians to the amount of 300 assembled imme
diately at the Church with their arms and packs. The

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 237
ennemy sent off a Batteau which row'd up the River
along shore. Depth of Water 13 fathoms. Course to
be kept nearer the South shore than the Northwards.
At 7 o'clock the Ennemy fired a Gun up the River.
After passing Pointe au Tremble two miles, the Nar
rows begin to open at least two Capes appearing in
that form near lapping each other when arrived oppo
site to that Cape that forms the River of Jacques
Cartier the Ennemy fir'd about twelve shot from a
Work on the top of the Precipice which they garrison'd
during the Winter. The Metal being light 't was of
no aspect, only one shot at full range coming near us
they have one Gun that's directed across that River
and about five or six more towards the land S. W of
it which they are obliged to reverse to fire at the Fleet.
This Work is a Tasierage, Cannon proof, part frais'd
and the Rest Stockaded towards the Water with an
impenetrable Abbattis down the Bank made by Falling
the Trees forward with a pretty good Ditch round the
whole. The number of men about 160 within, as ap
peared to me from the Water. Depth of Water 10
fathoms. After passing Cape Sante, Pointe La Platon
appears : on the North side, between the Church of
S' Famille and Port Neufs there was drawn up on the
Edge of the Bank 50 regular troops in a Rank entire
with order'd arms & their Packs on the Ground. At
9 o'clock this morning we came opposite to Platon
from whence we had a view of Cape L'Aubiniere and
Pointe DesChambeaux also of one of the Ennemies
Gallies sailing near that pointe with Lattine sails and
a Dutch ensign hoisted on her Main Mast. The
Signal was given from the Diana for our fleet to
anchor. Depth of Water 15 Fathoms. The Galley
Continuing her Course and was immediately joined by
another both directing their Course up the River. At
\ an hour after nine about 50 of the Cavalry appeared
mounted and three Deep, they dismounted and turned
their Horses to grass after having refresh'd themselves
they mounted and Rode up the River towards Pointe

238 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
des-champbeaux. At 4 in the afternoon the Diana
made a Signal for the Floating Batteries and flat
Bottomed Boats to go a head to reconnoitre which
was done and they returned the tide made about 5
o'clock and a fair Breeze the Porcupine weigh'd and
sail'd a head of the Diana and came to an anchor the
Penzance the same and anchor'd where the Porcupine
laid. At six o'clock, part of their body of Canadians
that assembled opposite to us on the North Shore re
turned down the River to the Number of fifty. There
is a large and long ledge of Rocks that appear'dat low
water about half a mile from the North Shore. The
tide of Flood made one hour sooner on the South
Shore than the North, and the tide of Ebb ran stronger
on it than on the South Shore that Anchorage being
cover'd by the Great Ledge off that Shore. At 5
o'clock the Ennemy fir'd a shot or shell from a Point
of land on yc South Shore.
1 6th. Signal was made for sailing, ye Porcupine
leading the Van after the greatest part of y6 fleet had
clear'd the Batteries of Platon, the remainder of ye
fleet were hail'd from the Diana to come to an anchor,
as the wind grew scant and the Channel narrow &
difficult. The fleet in passing the Pointe Des Champs
beaux, and entering the Rapids of Richelieu were can
nonaded from thence being near point blank shot
which dismounted one Gun on board the Porcupine
and wounded three men, kill'd one Officer of High
landers and wounded two more, and struck several
other transports. The fleet exchanged several Shot
and continued their Course to Grondines where they
came to an anchor in 9 fathoms at high water. Orders
were given this afternoon for a Detachment of 170
men under ye Command of Major Carry to attack the
post at Platon. At Dusk they embark'd in flat bot-
tom'd boats and landed near 2 miles below the Point
where the Ennemy had taken Post.
17th. At dawn of day the Post of Platon (consisting
of a Regular officer of the troupe de Colonie and 60

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 239
Regulars & Canadians) was attacked and carried by
our troops. The Officer shot thro' the body & 2
prisoners taken, without a man hurt on our side.
i8'h. The Officer died of his wounds.
19*. This morning a Flag of Truce was sent down
to the Fort a Jacques Quartier.
26th. At Dawn of day, the Diana made a signal for
weighing and at 4 o'clock the fleet were under sail with
the tide of flood & the wind breezing up, leaving the
Penzance atAnchorand opposite the pointe des champs-
beaux blew fresh which carried the fleet through the
Rapids, at 7 o'clock join'd the remainder of our Fleet
at anchor at the Grondines. In steering from the
Bason of Platon great care must be taken to avoid the
Battures of Platon which at low water are all dis-
cover'd and has 10, 11 & 12 fathom of water near it,
soft bottom, and decreases the sounding across the
Channel very gradually to one fathom rocky Bottom-
when you are well abreast of these Battures or
breakers, to follow the course of the Channel you must
steer for the Church of L'Aubiniere situated near the
water's Edge on a Flat then continuing to keep near
est to the south shore you will pass through 2 Ledges
a narrow passage but a sufficient depth of water. On
coming to an anchor about 40 of the Cavalry followed
us up to Grondines.
27th. At 5 o'clock this morning sail'd the Porcupine
and the 2d Brigade. The floating Batteries and Flat
Bottoms a head leaving a large vacancy between them
distinguishing the Channel, from the anchorage
between the Church of Grondines on the North Side
and la Riviere du Chene on the South. The Fleet
steer'd W & by S southerly as the Channel runs which
obliged them to keep well on the South shore giving
the Spit a league above the Church a good birth
which appears from this Anchorage to project half
across the River. Immediately about 60 of the
Ennemies light Horse mounted and rode up the River.
At £ an hour after 10, I observed several Waggons with

24O JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Baggage and 'twas imagined 2 pieces of Artillery also,
this Escorted by 2 Companies of Regular troops, one
in y* front and one in yc Rear. I observed many
Canadians appearing about ye skirts of the woods and
all yc houses and Barns fill'd with regular troops. The
woods within Musket Shot of yc waters Edge at 12
o'clock I observed a very long smoke appearing as
from ye back of Jacques Cartier, Answered at Grondines.
At f after 3 a signal was made from ye Diana for
weighing and at 7 o'clock the fleet anchor'd near
Battiscaut in 7 fathoms soft bottom and some small
rocks. From the anchorage of Grondines, being above
the french wreck, the fleet with the Is' Brigade steer'd
for the South Shore W. southerly and a sufficiency of
water, when abreast of a house and Barn in a small
opening on the Southern Shore steer'd W, when near
abreast of ye Bluff before they arriv'd at ye Cape west,
northerly, when full abreast of it West by North, when
to y Westward of f Bluff W. N. W. This Bluff is
very steep of a whitish clay & covered promiscuously
with trees. In passing the Bar of Grondines the Diana
struck but instantly got off by cutting her cable. The
2d Brigade convoyed by the Porcupine came to an
anchor this night near yc village of Champlain. The
enemy march'd a small body of troops down to the
shore to fire on ye floating Batteries which run in close
to yc shore & fired on ye Ennemy with Grape Shot
which obliged them to retire and carry off some of
their men on hand Barrows. The floating Batteries
received several shot through their sails but no other
damage. 28th. At 6 o'clock this morning signal was made from
the Diana for the Is' Brigade to weigh anchor, the
fleet got under way & anchor'd at 12 o'clock off ye
village of Champlain— 8 fathom & a half of water. At
10 o'clock I observed the packet Schooner a great dis
tance astern from Quebec and immediately sent to
acquaint the General. Arrived in her Captain Stobo
appointed Cap' in ye 15th Reg'. The Schooner left

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 24 1
Quebec the 26th in the afternoon and brought the
accounts of the arrival of part of the troops from Louis
bourg. The Packet Schooner & another (sutler's
vessel) was chased by a Galliott of ye Ennemies & 6
Batteaux fill'd with troops of ye Reg' de Colonie, which
had been concealed up the River Battiscaut, but did
not succeed for on their appearing all the flat Bottom'd
boats, floating Batteries &c were immediately detach'd
to their assistance, on which motion the Ennemy made
a large smoke on ye North shore. This Day a Ketch
struck in yc Rapids of S' Ann's.
29,h. Remain'd at Anchor this Day, very little wind
at west. Scarce any flood making at 5 o'clock this
afternoon 9 flat bottom'd boats left the fleet to proceed
to Quebec to conduct the reinforcement of troops
from Louisbourg. This morning a trench topsail ves
sell was observ'd off the mouth of Trois Rivieres.
31s'. This Morning signal was made from the
Diana for the fleet to weigh which tfyey did and
anchor'd after sailing about 4 miles. The fleet sailing
within musquet shot of the North Shore the whole
time, one sloop inclining too much to the left of the
fleet ran aground but got off Some time After. Ob
serv'd 3 Divisions of light horse about 20 in each on
their way upwards.
August Ist. The Wind blowing very hard at East
no possibility of Sailing this Day. This Night an
Officer & Party of Rangers brought a prisoner off from
the North Shore, who gave some account but rather
imperfect, he says that — Ist there was no troops at
Trois Rivieres except a few Canadians, afterwards
that there was 4000 most of which were Canadians —
that the Governor Monsieur Longueil yc Governor of
the 3 Rivers Commanded there — that Monsieur
Dumas Major of ye troope du Colonie who Com
manded at Deschambeau join'd him, that Monsieur
Levi and a great body of troops had march'd to meet
the troops under ye Command of Major General Am
herst and that Monsieur Levi had taken Post at Isle
id

242 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
au Gollot above La Galette, that Monsieur Barlemac
had taken post at S' Francis in Lake S' Peter, to sup
port and supply Monsieur Levi, And that Monsieur
Boucainville Commanded the troops at Isle aux
noix. 2nd. The Wind blew very hard at West and con
tinued so till near Evening. Little or no tide to be
observed here.
3rd. The Wind moderate at West.
4th. At 6 o'clock this morning the Ist Brigade
weigh'd but the wind failing and not able to stem the
Current anchor'd at 8 o'clock. At 4 o'clock this after
noon the Is' Brigade again weigh'd from opposite
Pointe au Roche and at 8 o'clock came to an anchor.
Orders this day that the I81 Brigade were to receive
their Signals from the Brotherhood Katt as 'twas
agreed the Diana would not proceed further. This
Morning I received orders from the General to admin
ister the Oath of Fidelity to the Parish of Gentilly and
to permit them to Keep their arms which was done
this Day and Passports Given by me to each man.
This people are obliged to go to the Village of Cham
plain for divine service.
5th. At 4 o'clock this morning Signal was made for
weighing, at 6 o'clock — a Katt struck. Came to an
anchor off the village of Beguemont.
7th. Arrived opposite the Church of Magdeline.
8lh. At 8 o'clock this morning signal was made by
the Diana then below yc Church ofMagdelen for the Is'
Brigade to weigh & on their arriving near the 2d Bri
gade then at Anchor opposite the mouth of the 3 Rivers
the Porcupine made a Signal for the 2d Brigade to
weigh in sailing the South Shore was mostly kept on
board — the River in this place is near 3 miles across
and 3 good Channels broad enough and the S one
& middle one out of the Ennemies Shot. After
passing the town we directed our Course to a point
of low land with a cluster of a Dozen of trees on
it, on the North shore opposite which is 10 Fathoms

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 243
of Water & kept the North Shore for 2 miles & \ and
then the fleet stood towards the South Shore till its
Arrival into the Lake. On Entering yc Lake we ob
serv'd a great number of people in Arms on ye South
Shore near yc River Nicolet. By the Number of
troops, the Works they had thrown up and prepara
tions the Ennemy had made one would have imagin'd
they expected to have been attack' d. Having thrown
up a Redoubt round the Windmill to the West of the
Town, with 2 Embrazures & a line of Communication
from it to the town and an appearance of lines cover
ing all the westward avenues to a large Redoubt lately
constructed in. the Rear of the town on a rising ground
near it and greatly commanding it & appearing to
command ye upper town th° at a great Distance. On
the Cape that forms the 3 Rivers the Ennemy had
constructed a kind of Breastwork, this Spot as repre
sented in yc plan is the Properest Situation for the fort
there Seems to be an old Stockaded one near yc Con
vent The Ennemy had taken out all ye windows
Glass from yc Forms. The upper town enfilades en
tirely the lower town and plunges along the whole
Beach. Observed 2 Embrasures in yc upper town
of a Fascinaee & one Gun of small calibre, the soil
appearing very sandy. Number of troops that ap-
pear'd there were about 2500, one thousand at least
by their Cloathing seemed to be regular troops. On
the fleet passing about 200 rushed out of ye Works up
the River and about 70 horsemen mounted.
9th. At \ an hour after 6 — the fleet weighed and
came to an anchor at 10. The wind fresh & was
obliged to proceed under an easy sail as several of y"
vessels frequently struck, seldom sounded in more
than 15 feet water. The Porcupine struck several
times & was at last obliged to make a signal for ye
Flat Bottomed Boats &c to get her off & the Ranger's
Schooner to take all her guns on board except 4. The
water rises about 18 inches. I went ahead reconnoi
tring this afternoon & sounding about one league & \

244 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
a head of yc floating Batteries. Still shoal water from
12 to 20 feet. This day 10 Canoes filled with men
escaped paddling along y* North Shore. The bottom
of ye Lake is a Clay. The Northerly winds bleak
upon this Lake.
io'h. The Wind at W. the Flat Bottom Boats sent
to sound over yc Lake. The Porcupine obliged to
warp from ye Stern to yc head of yc fleat. A Signal
was made for the Chief Engineer this morning, was
asked by the General if I had made any remarks in
regard to ye Post at Trois Rivieres which were given
him verbally by me and in regard to my opinion of
attacking that post. Orders were given this evening
for the first Brigade of Grenadiers consisting of 5
Companies & the Light Infantry and Rangers to em
bark in Boats to morrow morning to land on the South
Shore and the signal for their Rendezvous was a Jack
upon the main top Gallant Masthead and a Gun at
the Island of S' Francis.
IIth. About 10 o'clock a Signal was made from yc
Porcupine & the troops ordered for yc landing pro
ceeded towards ye East point that forms yc westward
opening of the River S Francis but on seeing several
of yc Regular troops on shore ye Detachment retired
according to y* Orders already received from yc Com
mander in Chief. This Parish is situated one league
up the River — the landing is in a marsh — the shore
cover'd with Brush first and then trees as is this whole
Coast, for over a league from y' shore, the marshes
commence even in two fathoms of water — there are
several Marshes whose Reeds rise 10 or 12 feet out
of y° water whicn appear like so many Islands. This
Night late arrived in yc fleet 7 flat-bottom'd Boats from
Lord Rollo's Detachment bringing accounts of that
Fleet being left by them off of the town of Champlain,
that they had made a Descent with 500 men on the
North Shore at yc village of Batiscaut according to
Brigr Gen1 Murray's orders— that y Inhabitants de-
liver'd in their arms to them — Brought also accounts

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 245
of our success in ye Bay of Chaleurs, of ye Destruc
tion of one Frigate & 30 of y* Enemies Transports
loaded with provisions, ammunition and Warlike
Stores, besides Merchandize, by the same Captain
Byron. Arrived by this opportunity Captain Debbing,
Engineer Ordinary with Dispatches from Major Gen
eral Amherst whom he parted from ye Middle of May
last. Signal made this afternoon for all Masters of
Merchantmen in order to observe regularity in their
sailing and not to crowd together but to observe a
line as y* Channel was very narrow as some vessells
sail better than others and give way to them, but none
to go a head of y" Porcupine.
1 2th. Gave to Cap' Debbing yc return of ye propor
tion of tools on board the Schooners Wolfe and Fish-
hawk. This morning about 6 o'clock the whole fleet
weigh'd and sail'd out of the Lake from 2 to 7 fathoms
of Water in y" Entrance of the Channel between yc
Islands, this Entrance is not observ'd till you arrive
close to yc Marsh on yc End of yc Lake which is about
80 yards across at the Upper End of ye Island we
found a Cable laid across from Shore to Shore — 12
inches in Diameter and floated by four large bark'd
logs which was soon cut — the Porcupine made a sig
nal for anchoring and took in her Guns from yc Ran
gers Schooner. This Boom was intended to have
been defended by a redoubt, the Ennemy had con
structed at ye head point of y" Southernmost Island.
Presently after, the Breeze still continuing fair y" fleet
weigh'd and sail'd ; after clearing this Point the South
Main is discovered and about 30 or 40 arm'd Cana
dians. At 2 o clock this afternoon the fleet pass'd the
Mouth of the River Sorel or Richelieu and on the
East point that forms yc River is ye village of Sorel
and its church which was fortified round by a rough
Breastwork mann'd by about 150 Regulars besides
Canadians by their uniform they appear'd to be of the
Regim' of Guyenne to Command the Mouth of ye
Sorel and to observe our motion, the mouth of this

246 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
River is near musquet shot across, the Banks on each
side (are thickly settled) and not very steep. The
floating Batteries fir'd a few shott at ye works. Op
posite this Village the Channell is broad and 10 fath
oms deep. This Afternoon orders were given for y"
Fleet to sail in a line to prevent accidents and Confu
sion viz' Floating Batteries and Flat Bottom'd Boats
ahead, Porcupine Fanny last with Brigadier Burton on
board, the Artillery, Engineers Commissary of Pro
visions, Sloop. Also the several Fifes and Drums to
beat morning and Evening, regularly taking it from y*=
Porcupine. This Day we observ'd the Ennemies Frig
ate Marie which had Cannon on board of her, from
Montreal, to have mounted at Sorel and on the Island
that was fortified plank and Bank'd being already there
for that purpose not expecting our fleet so early from
the difficulty of passing Lake S* Pierre. The fleet
came to an Anchor opposite the village of Bertier.
I3lh. This afternoon the Porcupine and the Fleet fell
down opposite the mouth of the River Sorel, the Por
cupine fired 2 shots at y' Ennemies works. This
Night were detach'd express through the woods to
our Troops upon Lake Champlain one serjeant and 3
Rangers with dispatches from Brig' Gen1 Murray.
The rangers this afternoon took possession of the Isld
of S Ignace. The principal reason for y* fleet's falling
down was on ace' of yc scarcity of wood on board the
Transports and for them to provide themselves on yc
Island of S Ignace. Took some Prisoners that gave
an ace' that Isle aux noix was taken by our troops
under yc command of Co1 Haviland on Sunday ye 10th
Int. and that Monsieur Beurlamac Commanded the
troops at ye mouth of y° Sorel.
14th. This morning the Grenadiers of yc Is' Brigade
under ye Command of Major Agnew landed — also a
working party, consisting of 500 men with guns to
make Fascines and reimbark'd in yc Evening on board
their respective Transports. The Cattle on this Island
by order of yc General forfeited to our troops as the

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 247
Inhabitants were in Arms, many having deserted their
Houses and join'd their Army. An Assistant Quarter
Master General was sent to collect and distribute to
each Corps their proportion of fresh provisions. This
day were embark'd on board ye Porcupine 9 Cohorns
& Royals which play'd upon the Ennemies Works also
Cannonaded them from our Shipping. The Island of
S' Ignace is 5 miles in length, & 2 miles in breadth
and is almost divided by an impassable swamp through
the Centre from one end to the other is a thick wood,
as the Cannadians mostly settle near the water side
and clear from behind them.
15th. A Working party consisting of 500 men order'd
if the weather permits to cut Fascines on ye Island of
S' Ignace. This Day the Engineers were divided into
2 Brigades as ye water was bad the party was counter
manded — some Canadians of yc parish of S' Ignace
were sent on board ye Porcupine by the Rangers that
had surrender'd that had abandon'd their plantations
and conceal'd themselves in y" woods, they were re-
turn'd and order'd by placard to appear the next day
with all the men of ye Parish and to bring in their
arms under no less penalty than setting fire to the
whole parish : fir'd a few shot from ye Transports into
the Ennemies Entrenchments. Arriv'd some Flat
Bottom'd Boats to our Fleet from that of ours in ye
Lake of S' Pierre. I examin'd a Canadian this even
ing that acquainted me that Monsieur Levi had been
at Isle S' Francois and that 14 days ago he (Mr Levi)
left Monsieur Beurlamac and about 1000 regular troops
there and proceeded to Bertier.
i6'h. The whole body landed this day only leaving a
sufficient Number of men on board each transport to
clean and air them, part of which were employ'd in
making Fascines. About 150 Canadians came in from
the Islands of S' Ignace, Dupas, S' Aime & Castor
and took ye oath and recd Passports. By order of Br
G1 Murray I examin'd several of them to gain what
intelligence I could concerning the Motions of Mr

248 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Amherst & Haviland and those of Levi, Bourlamec
and Boucainville viz' that Monsr de Levi with about
1000 regular troops including the Cavalry and troupes
de Marine or Colonie were posted at the parish of
Bertier — that Mons' Bourlemec had been at the Island
of S' Francois but since had join'd the body entrench'd
at yc Mouth of y" River Sorel abreast of our fleet in
Number 2500 Men, 1000 of which were regulars the
rest Indians & Canadians — That Mons1 Boucainville
with a 1000 regular troops & 3000 Canadians besides
a very few Indians were posted at Isle aux Noix — that
a great firing was heard from that 'place on Sunday
the io'h best part of yc Morning. That it was taken
and afterwards to the Contrary — that several pieces of
Cannon had been brought down from Montreal to ye
Post at Sorel to have been mounted on ye Fortified
Island, but being than they expected they return'd
them back again immediately Bank and Battring Plank
being already put on yc Island for that purpose. As
to Major Gen1 Amherst's motions by the way of Katara-
quil I could not then learn anything of. This after
noon arrived 2 Flat Bottom'd Boats from Lord Rollo's
Fleet with accounts that the fleet were this side ye
Lake S' Pierre. This day an Express pass'd on ye
North side to Mr Vaudreuil with an ace' of 18 vessells
full of troops having pass'd ye Lake to reinforce Brig1
Gen1 Murray. This Evening 7 vessells of Lord Rollo's
fleet appeared in sight. At yc same time the troops
re-imbark'd leaving their Fascines on yc Island. A
sufficiency of flat bottom'd boats wanting and there are
not enough to embark j} of ye troops. The Fleet that
appear'd this Evening came to the Southward of ye
Island that was fortified having came the South
Channell and the South Side of Lake S' Peter the
proper Channell. Remark. A Canadian being ask'd
what was their people's opinion of Major General
Amherst his answer was  .
17th. This Morning the fleet join'd us off the River
Sorel at 6 o'clock this Morning — the is'and 2d Brigade

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 249
weigh'd the whole fleet together under way & came to
an anchor between Bartier & La Noraye, as the fleet
sail'd up 500 troops march'd down the parishes of
L'Anoraye & Bertier, and this afternoon observ'd 2
light field pieces of ordnance drawn by 2 Horses 2 each
moving upwards and one Compy of Regulars faced
with Blue for ye escort 3 small bodies of Cavalry 20 in
each quartered between these 2 villages — Observ'd by
his retinue an Officer of Distinction on horseback ap
pearing to give Directions to several of the Troops.
This day a Deserter escaped from the Ennemy of the
Regiment of Marine who agreed with the accounts the
Canadians gave us at ye Island of S' Ignace — Signified
that Monsieur Levi sent a body over to Sorel and went
with them to join Mons' Bourlemac. He said that
Monsr Boucainville has 2 Battalions of regulars at Isle
aux Noix and that Monsr Pichot has the Command
that is intended to oppose Major Gen1 Amherst. He
says each soldier has 60 rounds and those 2 Guns that
were  . That their Powder was very bad.
1 8th. The Wind foul and the Current very strong.
This day the General removed from on board his
Majesty's Ship the Porcupine to a Merch' Man called
the " True Briton " fitted up and to carry 20 Guns.
19th — Wind foul.
— 20th — Received directions from the Chief Engi
neer to order the 2 vessells with our Breach and Tools
on board to fall down opposite the Mouth of the River
Sorel for the delivery of tools &c for making more fas
cines on yc Island of S Ignace.
21s'. At Break day the 2 Schooners with Tools fell
down and join'd the "True Briton" where was the
Brigade Commanded by Lord Rollo. At 8 o'clock
this Morning the whole Brigade landed 500 of which
were employ'd in making Fascines at S Ignace. At
2 o'clock the whole were order'd immediately to em
bark on the Flat Bottom'd Boats and to make a feint
at the post at Sorel, for which 6 Boats row'd in near
musket shot of the post, and 3 row'd down about 2

250 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
miles below it opposite a thicket and then return'd to
their respective Transports. At 11 o'clock this Night,
the Louisbourg Battalions composed of the Grena
diers of the 2 2d & 40th Regiments & a Detachment
from each besides making 300 men with the Compan
ies of Light Infantry from each of the above Regi
ments all under ye Command of Major Scott rendez-
vous'd alongside of the "True Briton" and at \ an
hour after row'd down in 2 divisions one within a mile
of the Ennemies post at the Mouth of the River and
the other about 6 miles below that in order to destroy
the parish of Sorel which was effected by setting fire
to the Houses in N° about 32. Each party leaving
one house standing to fix a Placard or Manifesto on.
Two Canadians were taken and agree that Monr Bour-
lamac had set out about 2 days past for Isle aux Noix
leaving at Sorel 30 Regulars and 200 Canadians and
that ye Body under ye Command of Colonel Haviland
was in motion. This the Day the Packet Schooner
sail'd for Quebec to Escort two victuallers to the fleet.
22nd. A'party order'd this day on Shore to cut Fas
cines on ye Island and a small proportion sent on board
severall of the Transports of Lord Rollo's Brigade.
23rd. At 9 o'clock this morning signal was made
from the "True Briton" for the fleet to weigh and
come to an anchor abreast of the Church of L'Anoraie.
about one Battalion of Regulars followed us up on the
North Shore. This Night a Schooner was arm'd and
sent down to Quebec to second the Packet Schooner.
24th This Morning the Broad Pendant was hoisted
on board the "True Briton" from his Majesty's Ship
the Porcupine. Brigr Gen1 Murray received Dispatches
from England by the Vengeance that arrived at Que
bec, and this night sent an Express off to Quebec in
order to forward his Dispatches immediately to Eng
land. This afternoon passed by on the South Shore
two Battalions of Regulars This Day some of the
Troops landed at Isle le Plat.
25"1 Signal was made for sailing but the wind fail-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 25 1
ing the fleet were obliged to come to an anchor. Sev
eral attempts made this day but the Current could not
be stem'd. As the River is narrow opposite the
Church of L'Anoraie where it is 9 fathoms of water
from whence you have a view of Upland thickly
cover'd with wood to the Right and on the Left
L'Isle le Plat over which may be seen some very ex
tensive blue mountains L'Isle le Plat is an Island lay
ing obliquely in the River about one Mile in Length
cover'd with high Grass and Copse & very marshy
round it. Both North and South shore lined with reg
ular troops and a few Canadians. The Wind foul and
remained at Anchor.
26th At 5 o'clock this Morning the whole fleet
weigh'd. The floating Batteries and Flat Boats a
head Sounding, obliged to sail in a line on account
of the Channell being so Narrow. This night a Pris
oner was taken off ye North Shore that mentioned
Majr Gen1 Amherst was at Isle aux Gallots.
27th At 5 o'clock this morning the fleet weigh'd
and sail'd with a fresh Breeze to the Island of Santa
Therese and there anchor'd. This day a Flat Bot
tom'd boat sailing very near the Shore as the Chan
nell was narrow they were fired on by 7 Regulars up
on which they row'd on shore and 3 sailors jump'd out
of the Boats and pursued them and took four the
other three got off and sail'd off with them. This Night
400 Light Infantry were order'd on Shore to Scour
the Island and take Post in several of the Houses, an
Engineer and Some Carpenters were order'd to
crenelle them & make them Defensible.
28th The fleet weigh'd and sail'd to the upper end
of the Island of S'a Therese and the Arm'd Vessells
opposite to pointe au Tremble on the Island of
Montreal. 29th Half the Army landed on one of the Islands
of Foin or Boucherville to make fascines or rather em
ploy'd in making of Houses, Cutting of Brush and
pickets ready for the next day.

252 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
30th This Day 1000 Men landed on the same
Island & cut 1400 Fascines. This Night orders were
given for an Attack on the Post at Varenne's on the
South Shore by 3 divisions. The Center consisting
of the light Infantry & Rangers supported by 5 Corps
of Grenadiers.
31s' Just before daylight, the Post at Varennes
was carried consisting of 25 regulars and 50 Cana
dians Commanded by Cap' De Callon of the Reg' of
Langruedoc. We took 20 Prisoners without the loss
of a man. Half the Army order'd to morrow to cut
Fascines. On Examining Several of the Prisoners
Isle aux Noix was agreed by all to have been taken.
that the 22d day of August we open'd our Batteries
in a Swamp that enfiladed the whole work, on which
Mr Boucanville whose body consisted of 3000 men
abandon'd it leaving only a Captain of 50 regulars. At
day light this Evening all the Engineers landed at
Varennes & reconnoitred that post in order to make
Works sufficient to encamp the whole army in. But
not begun, as the necessary materials were not pre-
par'd. Sepf Ist. Signal was made for sailing but soon
after as the wind fail'd the fleet came to an anchor.
Sepr 7th Made our descent from S' Therese to the
Isld of Montreal.
Sep 8. The Town Capitulated and Canada sub
dued. . . .

VII.
Journal 1764 — to Niagara — John Montresor.
December 16* 1763  This day arrived at New
York in 26 days from Detroit with Dispatches from
Col Gladwin to the Commander in Chief and of the In
dians having proposed peace and accepted of, mean
ing the Nations under the Command of Pondiac viz' —

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 253
The Ottawas — Jibbeways — Wiandots and Powtewat-
tamies ; of their having dispersed and sent in some
Prisoners. Delivered the dispatches to the Honble
General Gage, Sir Jeffrey Amherst having sailed from
the Hook for England November 19* made my Re
port to Lieut Col Eyre Chief Engineer.
Expedition.
April 7th 1764. Received my orders, proceeded
accordingly on the Expedition against the Savages by
the rout of Ontario and Niagara the whole under the
command of Co1 John Bradstreet.* My orders verbal
viz'— on my arrival at Albany to put myself under the
Command of Co1 Bradstreet — and embarked on board
an Albany Sloop and Set sail, at one o'clock this day.
April n'h. I arrived this morning at Albany at io
o'clock : waited on Co1 Bradstreet and put myself
under his command, as Chief Engineer on the Expe
dition. 14th. I made out a proportion of Stores for the Ex
pedition with Intrenching tools &c as yet neglected
till now.
i5'h I made the demand from Co1 Bradstreet. Re
ceived an Order for drawing a Draught of Lake Erie
showing the Distances both by scale and figure for the
Direction of the Army in the Expedition.
April i8lh — Completed and delivered in the
Draught of Lake Erie to Co1 Bradstreet. This day
left this place L' Godwin and the Detachment of Ar
tillery to join above for the Expedition. I sent by
that opportunity the Artillery Dispatches from Col
Gladwin. By order of C^o1 Bradstreet I ordered 124
* Major-General Bradstreet was born in 1711. He served in the ex
pedition against Louisbourg in 1745, as Lieutenant-Colonel in Pepper-
ell's York Provincials, Maine, obtained a Captaincy in 1757 in the Royal
American Regiment, and in 1758 was under Abercrombie in his unsuc
cessful attack on Fort Ticonderoga. August 27, 1758, he captured Fort
Frontenac. He became Major-General May 25, 1772, and died in New
York, September 25, 1774. _,

254 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Tents out of the Store for to be painted with Tar.
also sent to Capt. Standish to make Rocket and fire
works for signals and sent him up Sulphur and Anti
mony. 2 2d Received orders from Col Bradstreet to pro
ceed to Niagara carrying place, to fortify it, so as to
keep up that Communication — fortify the landing and
entrench the navy-yard & to deliver his Dispatches to
Cols Campbell and Browning and Major Duncan and
to proceed from Ontario with 300 Canadians, 250
light Infantry — the whole under the Command of Cap'
Mongomery ; so to Niagara in Boats — 550 Men.
23rd Received Instructions and proceeded at 12
o'clock this day on horseback to the Willagars 12
miles above Schnectaday on the Mohawk River, could
not cross the Ferry a high wind.
24th — Set off and arrived at Tyers within 6 miles of
Fort Herkimer.
25th. Continued (one of my horses knocked up) ar
rived this night at Fort Schuyler. Refused fresh
Horses both by Herkimer and Justice Franks and
could not proceed further.
26th — Proceeded and arrived at £ past 1 1 this morn
ing at Fort Stanwix and delivered Col Campbell his
Dispatches and forwarded by Express Major Dun
can's. Found myself uneasy on account of my Fall
on my Breast.
27th Set off at 9 o'clock this morning for Oneyda
Lake on horseback and arrived there at £ after 2
o'clock. The Boats all absent. Express to Fort
Brewerton — Heavy rains. — .
28"1 A Gale of wind at East and no Boats returned.
Heavy rains.
29th— A Gale of wind at East— arrived from Fort
Stanwix some Batteaux loaded with baggage of the
17th 46th & 8o'h Reg'.'— Arrived late this night.
30th Proceeded from the Royal Block House, in a
heavy loaded Batteaux. Squally weather and rain the
wind to the Southward & drove us on shore in a

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 255
flurry, it lulling, continued my rout & arriv'd in the
night at Fort Brewerton. Heavy rains.
May isl — Set off and arriv'd by water at the Onon
daga Falls. Heavy rains, very high waters & the
Banks overflow'd & much land drownd.
2nd Proceeded by water and in one hour & \ arriv'd
at Ontario. No Canadians troop arriv'd. No vessels
arrd from Niagara. No Indians yet arriv'd.
3rd Applied to Major Duncan to proceed with Capt
Montgomery's Detachment of the 17th &° but recom
mended by him to stay and take the 300 Canadian
Troops under my Command to Niagara when they
arrive here. Arriv'd this day the Ordnance Boats with
10 Brass Six Pounders compleat.
4th Preparing the Draughts with Camp Equipage
and Ammunitions, Arms, and Provisions to proceed
to morrow for Niagara. Nine York Provincials De
serted. 5th Set off the Detachment under the Command
of Cap' Montgomery consisting of 150 of the 17th
Draughted from the 55th and York Provincials in Bat
teaux at 5 o'clock this morning. 2 vessels here in
sight this afternoon. Wrote to Co1 Bradstreet and
sent return of Tools from Ontario. Arrd at 1 1 this
night the Snow  and Sloop Missassagues from Ni
agara sailing from there May 3d. Brought accounts that
the Sloop  had arriv'd from Detroit loaded and
departed back from there and that 2 Senecas had
been in at Niagara to assure the Garrison of their
peaceful Disposition.
6th — By the accounts from Niagara the schooner
Victory sail'd from Detroit April 20th The river of
Detroit was open the first day of March.
7th Arrived the Schooner from Niagara. Went off
the mail from hence for new york.
8th Arriv'd the Snow Johnson from Niagara — fired
a Gun from the fort to bring her too.
io'h Arriv'd 2 Batteaux with Ordnance, stores viz'
Musket, Shot and Cartridges &c &c. Arrived 2 Bat-

256 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
teaux with Corn for the Cattle (oxen) and some of the
Company of Teamsters, the Carriages and guns (6
pounders) 10 light and 2 heavy putting on board the
Mohawk. Snow for Niagara. Came in this Night
102 Batteaux with French Batteaux Men which
brought 2600 Barrels of Pork & Flour & 5 companies
of Canadian Troops by Major Rigaudville, 2 Compa
nies of Quebec, 2 of Montreal & one of 3 Rivers. One
Major 5 Captains, 10 Lieutenants, 310 men and a
Priest, 22 days since they left Montreal. Canadian
Volunteers encamped on the Orange Side.
11th I received the Command (by order of Major
Duncan) of the Battalion of Canadian Volunteers
which arrived here without tent, Kettle or Tomahawk.
12th Sail'd for La Galette the 102 Batteaux. A
fair wind and right across the lake. The Canadian
Volunteers exercised this afternoon for firing at marks.
Went off an express this day down the country. The
Canadian volunteers furnish'd at Montreal with 15
rounds of Powder & Ball & 100 in Bulk.
1 3"1. Arriv'd an Express from Detroit by the way
of Niagara, all well, May 2nd. Prisoners return'd by
the Sandusky Indians. Arrived this Evening 2 offi
cers of Artillery & 10 Batteaux with Ordnance and
Engineers stores for the Expedition. From Fort
Stanwix last.
14th At Daybreak this morning took under my
command the Battalion of Canadian Volunteers and
proceeded for Niagara. The Wind foul S. W, with a
swell, however reach'd the Bay of Goyougouin on
Cayugas, what we call little Sodus, 10 leagues from
Oswego and Encamped on the Presque-Isle as being
the most defensible ; appointed my guards-parole —
Bradstreet. This night a gale came on & hauled up
my Boats, 20 in Number, with 5 days Provisions and
40 Spare Barrels, 20, of Flour and 20 of Pork. The
Guard 50 men planted chiefly at the Presque-Isle of
the Island.
15th. A Gale of Wind at n w and a very high Sea.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 257
Detain'd this whole day. Saw the Schooner from
Niagara steering for Fort Ontario. Fixed my Guard
and planted my sentries as before. Parole this night
Canada. 16th. A Storm at N W, obliged to remain encamped
Still. Guards as before. Sent an Indian hunting —
Parole Belle-Chasse.
17th. At 5 o'clock this morning proceeded. The
wind lulling but still foul and gained with difficulty 9
leagues, obliged to encamp on account of a gale of
wind at W with a very high Sea. Two Batteaux
filled on our Landing and one obliged to put in one
league behind. A fight occurred this day between a
Captain of a Quebec Company and a Lieutenant of
the Montreal Companies. The Captain was wounded
in the Sword arm. I put 'em both under an arrest. I
observed on our departure this morning from our En
campment 3 Canoes filled with Savages crossing the
Bay. On our Arrival at this Encampment, observed
some smoke ahead. I detached a party A la decou-
vert, consisting of an officer, 2 Canadians and a savage
of the Nation of the Renards. As we received Several
Waves in the Bottom, ordered a survey of the Mens
Arms : discharged Some & Completed the whole fit
for immediate Service. Ordered a Captain for the
day ; mounted 50 men & a subaltern for Guard & out
lying Picket. Parole " La Nouvelle York." The de
tachment falling short of provisions of the 5 days
issued at Ontario. The men indolent, careless of their
arms & slovenly service, falling sick daily overeating
themselves and sleeping in the Sun on the bare
ground. 1 8th May. Proceeded at 7 o'clock this morning,
the wind fair & N E reached the Riviere au Bceuf 20
leagues further. I should have gone on all night. had
not the Detachment been distressed for Provisions.
Mounted my Guards as usual— Parole Quebec. En
camped on the East Entrance of the River, sent a
scout round and an Indian to hunt.
17

258 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
19th Sunday. Set off an hour before daylight and
arrived at Niagara this night about 16 leagues left my
Detachment. Encamped at Johnson's Landing four
miles to the Westward of the Fort. The Lake this
Day very calm, what wind chiefly West.
20"1 Arrived the Detachment of Canadians which I
left encamped at Johnson's Landing.
21s' Nothing Extraordinary. The Men of the Army
employ'd in making up Cartridges &c for the Expedi
tion. 22nd Set off the Detachment of Canadian Volun
teers. Sent an assistant Engineer as Overseer with
them to Navy Island. Arrived the Johnson with
Stores &c.
23rd. Sent the Canadians their tents & Ammunition,
10 Barrels of Powder 100 lbs each. Sent up Rope
for the Cradles, the white rope rotten also tools to the
landing. 24'11. Arrived the Sloop Messessagaras with cattle &
stores & some Huron Indians from Ontario. Sailed for
Ontario the Snows Mohawk & Johnson 6 Batteaux with
Guns & naval Stores set out for the lower Landing.
25th Set off 5 Batteaux for the loading with naval
Stores. I set off this day for the Carrying place. Re-
connoitered the Ground & fixed on the place for the
first Entrenchment to cover the cradles on the top of
the Mountains. I imagine the Cradles will not answer
the purpose intended : should they ever succeed in its
construction as it must labour too much particularly the
upper one.
26th. Arrived those Jibbeway Chiefs. Sailed the
Sloop for Ontario. The lower cradle broke down this
day by which 14 Barrels of Provisions were lost in the
River. The Canadians employed in cutting of Brush,
cutting of Poles, for a Shed for the Provisions on the
Mountain. A Council held this Day at Niagara. 3
Jibbeway Chiefs present. Their nations back of To
ronto E & N Side of Lake Huron in N° 11, beg for
peace — gave a Belt and Calumet.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 259
27th. Went up to the Landing 8 Batteaux with 152
Barrels of Provisions. A congress here now between
the Mohawks and Jibbeways. The Mohawks gave
for Answer of yesterday's Council that to make haste
for they should Soon shut the door and treat them as
Ennemies if they did not attend the General Council
here & make Peace This night the rest of the Indians
Set off for the Portage, almost all Drunk.
28th. Proposed to Co1 Browning since I cannot get
assistance for Cap' Montgomery's party on Navy
Island to furnish me with whatever men he can spare
from the Garrison to entrench the carrying place so
that I may be justified in case it should be cut off by
the Ennemy having daily represented the consequences
& shown my Instructions from Co1 Bradstreet. As
Axes, that most essential article ever neglected are so
much wanted here, took upon me to purchase 250
from the Traders for the King at 7/ each New York
Currency. Silver Heels a Seneca Indian and Du
Quougne the Interpreter set off this day for the Sene-
cas's Castle and to be back in 10 days : 3 more Jibbe
ways arrived. The 8o'h Reg' practising at a mark. 2
Subs & 60 men ordered for the work in the carrying
place & to proceed tomorrow in consequence of my
representation. Winds at N. E. Fresh for near a
week past. Preparing the fixed ammunition for the
Expedition. 29th. 1 10 men 46th ordered to reinforce the car
rying place. This morning they set off & arrived
there. I proceeded this morning & arrived on it with
a party & reconnoitred it & fixed on 2 plans for re
doubts, the first at 800 yards, the 2nd at 1000 yards
further. My Command this day on the Portage con
sisted of 656 men viz' Regulars Canadians Provincials,
Indians Teamsters & Artificers. Parole — D'Etroit.
30*. Proceeded at Daylight this morning with 4
Companies of Canadian volunteers, one Serjeant &
20 of the 8o'h & 46 and established my Posts on the
Portage, without any Interruption notwithstanding

260 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
the various reports. Gave the Parole this night —
Amherst. Arrived 2 light 6 pounders which I posted,
one at the Camp Guard on a rising Ground fronting
the woods & the other up on the Edge of the precipice
to scour the cradles, least the Ennemy should make
any attempt to destroy them. Arrived at Niagara the
Snow Mohawk with Provisions &c.
31s' — Continued on my redoubt on the Portage.
Provisions constantly escorting to Little Niagara.
Arrived this day the Snow Johnson and the Schooner.
Gave the Parole this night — London. The former re
doubt this night completed.
June Is' This morning at 5 o'clock I proceeded
with an escort of 1 Serjeant & 10 regulars & 6 Cana
dians for Flankers & marked out 3 more redoubts ex
tending within 3 miles & \ of Little Niagara, this
without the least interruption from the ennemy. Cap'
Montgomery arrived here from Navy Isld and took the
Command of the whole troops upon this carrying
place. At 7 o'clock the different parties assembled
and took possession of the posts. I marked out an
other work, the further one began on with 90 men and
a Cap' of Co1 Montgomery's Detachment from Navy
Island. Provision daily crossing the Portage.
2nd I went off at daylight with an Escort from the
Principal Intrenchment of one Serjeant, one corporal
& 20 regulars and marked out the 3 last redoubts
within 800 yards of Fort Schlosser or little Niagara.
Our Indians made a scout of 12 miles round the carry
ing place through the woods by 2 different Parties.
Two more field Brass 6 pounders arrived here. Sailed
from Niagara 2 vessels for Ontario. As the Redoubts
are completed they are immediatly garrison'd.
3rd The 3 different parties I set to work on the 3
new redoubts without any interruption. A party em
ployed in assisting in finishing the cradles others in
making a wharf of Log Work at the lower landing :
others on Navy Island assisting the Ship Builders &
covering them, others carrying on the Works at the

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 26 1
principal Entrenchment others escorting Provisions
across the carrying Place and the remainder Camp
Guards and covering parties. At present at Fort
Schlosser 700 Barrels of Provisions.
4th Superintended all my different Works on the
carrying Place, the Redoubt nearest little Niagara
being situated on a Rocky Ground was obliged to con
struct a Log work instead of a stockade. Obliged
thr° the course of the service to cross this Portage
over 6 times a day. This being the King's Birth day
we fired our Field Artillery as did the Grand Fort &
Fort at the Little landing. Some Rockets were fired
at Niagara & Bonfires were made in our Camp on the
Precipace. Provisions crossed the Portage now with
out escort the first Time.
5th. The Canadians returned to the Camp at the
Portage Entrenchment, the other 2 at the most central
point for clearing the Brush on the Portage. Directed
an astronomical survey with a plane Table from Niag
ara to the Fort at Little Niagara, for the several works
carried on here since my arrival. Arrived the other 6
Brass Pounders & Boats of Provisions at the Fort at
the lower landing. I went to the Fort this night.
6th Completed the Redoubts on the carrying place.
Employed 2 Companies of Canadians in cutting the
Brush 150 yards of each side of the road the length of
the Portage. Fixed another Gun in the 3d Redoubt.
Boats as usual with Provisions & crossing the carrying
place by the Ox Teams. The tracks of 4 Ennemy
Indians discovered in the Woods. Orders from the
Fort that the Detachment 46th & 8o'h Encamped here
to return to the Fort Except 35 men & one Officer.
I returned from the Fort to the principal Entrench
ment on the Portage this morning. The wharf at the
Lower Landing Fort finished this afternoon. The
Detachment of the Artillery completing their Ammu
nition at Niagara and their complement of musket car
tridges. Crossed the Portage 4 Times.
7th. As before. Our Artificers 5 in Number. A Total

262 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Discord in the Service at Niagara Fort & in all orders
from it. Disunion prevalent more Troops than are
necessary yet none to spare. In short Dissension
predominant. 8lh Three Ennemy Indians discovered — pursued but
not taken. Completed the Principal Bastion of the
Crown work of the principal Entrenchment & marked
out the Grand Store Houses & cut my Timbers.
arrived De Couagne being encamped there. Collected
my Tools & planted them in the Grand Bastion.
Crossed 2 of the Portages as usual. Began on the
Grand Store house.
9th arrived the Snow Mohawk & Sloop Massass-
geras at Niagara with 39 Horses & 30 Indians &
Provisions. Unfortunately the Indians after passing
our camp never sent any word back after passing the
first Redoubt on the Portage until they were near the
2d, thought they were near enough to the Indian En
campment & as usual began to salute, being loaded
with Ball which whistled through the Indian Encamp
ment. They were alarmed and took to the trees &
the Garrison taking our new friendly Indians to be
Ennemies fired, shot 3 through the legs. I ran by
desire of Cap' Montgomery and had the Canadians
under arms & cut through the woods back to the
portage as the Cannon fired & gave the alarm. Work
as usual, the Canadians making 10.000 Difficulties as
usual, did not work \ the day, on account of Provision,
heat Sick &c &c. Received a letter from Col° Brad
street. an order arrived, at 10 this night Capt Mont
gomery 168 Canadians & the 17th to proceed to the
Rapids & major Riquanville with the Remainder of
the Canadians to proceed to navy Island, for the pro
tection of the Shipping, arrived this night here, up at
the Principal Entrenchment the ammunition for the
navy, arriv'd the 4 vessels from Ontario with 30
Indians, Provisions, & 39 Horses for the Portage.
io'h. Cap' Montgomery decamped with 168 Cana
dians to escort the Powder. Cap' Arnot, 4 Subns Serj'

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 263
Drums, & ioo took post here from the Fort to protect
& assist on the Portage. All the officers attended on
the Indian Encampment to reconcile matters with the
Indians. 1 Ith Employed my carpenters in making the Gates for
the Redoubts & compleating the Loop holes. Masons
on the Great Oven, arrived Ammunition, ordered it in
the principal Bastion, also my tools for the Expedition.
Sailed the Mohawk & Johnson. Teams with Provisions
pass as usual without escort. Rained Brimstone.
12th. Sailed the Johnson for Ontario & the Sloop to
the Detroit. The lower landing for Ballast. A party
employed mending the Roads. Ennemies Tracks again
discovered. Indians imagine we shall have a stroke in
a day or two. The wounded Indians carried down
to the Fort.
13th. Carried some Barrels of Provisions over the
Portage, and more to pass so that the Post may be
thoroughly supplied with one year & ^'s provision.
On an average passes the Portage 150 Barrels per
Day. To day passed 175. Indians got drunk in their
Encampment and were going to kill Montour. Arrived
2 Seneca Indians & 2 Squaws from their Castle.
Sloop sailed. 1200 Barrels of Provisions at the lower
landing at present.
14th. Provisions arrivd from Niagara as usual, Cross
the portage as before. Arrived more ammunition.
Finished the ovens in my left demi-Bastion. Arrivd
Several Senecas. accounts that the 120 Delaware en-
campt at their Castle have proceeded to Detroit, Sir
Wm Johnson having refused their Belt. Surveying
from Niagara upwards taking in the River & Road
&c &c.
15* Arrived the Mohawk and Schooners both with
Provisions from Ontario. Provisions as usual cross
the Portage. The Mohawk sailed to the Fort at
the Lower landing to unload & ballast. I went down
through the woods to Niagara, Continued my survey
on a Plane Table 1000 feet to the Inch.

264 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
1 6th. Returned from Niagara to the Principal En
trenchment. Sailed down from the Fort, at the lower
landing the Mohawk. Began surveying with the plane
table on this portage. 294 Barrels of Provisions
Crossed the Portage this day.
17th. Continued my survey. Saild the Schooner for
Ontario. A Storm at S. W. the whole day & night.
Sailed the Mohawk for Ontario. The Cattle all halted
this day from Work.
18th. Provisions crossed from hence down to Niagara,
and a boat load of English Stores this day. The
Indians went from hence down to Niagara to a Con
gress. arrivd there 20 Jibbeways. a Gale at S. W.
The Snow Johnson appeared but blown off. Arrived
the Schooner from Detroit for Provisions.
1 9"1 The Teams with provisions past the Portage
as usual & still uninterrupted by the enemy. A party
of a subaltern & men continued on mending the Roads
on the Portage & repairing the Bridges. 250 Barrels
of Provisions went over this day.
20th. Provisions crossed the Portage as before also
26 more Barrels of Powder & some Engineers stores
chiefly entrenching Tools. The 3 double Cradles &
several Crabs or Capstans compleated. Two vessels
now launched from Navy Island and the 3d on the
Point. By advice from the Rapids the Schooner first
launched got safe up the Rapids & into Lake Erie.
Cap' Montgomery of the 17th with the Detachment of
that Corps & 168 Canadians still at the Rapids where
they have fortified themselves on the East shore." One
sailor drowned from the schooner. This Day the
Detachment under the Command of the Captain of the
46th together with 50 Indians escorted the ammunition
destined to remain in the Upper Posts. Powder in
Barrels 25 which with 12 before makes 37 in the whole.
The upper cradle work'd & answers. Went over this
day 302 Barrels of Provisions exclusive of ammunition
& 552 Barrels have been carried over with in, these
two days.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 265
21s'. The weather has been very blustering for this
week past, the winds prevailing chiefly both on the
S and W. Provisions crossed over as usual without
escorts. Went through the woods to Niagara.
Arrived Boat at the Fort at the Lower Landing with
Provisions. 22nd. Returned to Camp by land from Niagara, dur
ing which time a man of the Royal Artillery was killed
& scalped by a small party of the Ennemy, who left
their Tomahawk in his skull — it appears from the
weapen that they are Alleghany Indians : this happened
between the 4th and the 5th redoubt I constructed and a
mile from our Indian Encampment of 100 men, who
have set 30 in immediate pursuit, but not succeeding
they returned & this night to the Number of 60 took
3 Batteaux & pushed up the Rapids into Lake Erie
& to Buffalo Creek proposing intercepting them there,
where they must have left behind their Canoes. The
alarm was given by the Cannon on the Portage.
Provision crossed the carrying place, as before with
Provision from the Fort to that of the lower Carrying
Place. 23d Provisions crossed as before, over this day &
in all now at the Fort at little Niagara 4610 Barrels.
This carrying place from the Fort at Niagara is by
mensuration 25620 yards or 14 miles & 98 yards. The
Portage from the Fort, at the lower landing to Little
Niagara is 5 miles & 1200 yards. The Camp of the
Captain & 46th and the 100 men removed towards the
center of the Portage to be more contiguous to where
the roads are now mending. Arrived from the Fort
to the little landing 6 Boats of Provisions which rowed
up the West Side of the River. Finished my Report,
for Co1 Bradstreet of the works carried on here under
my Directions since my arrival here the 19th of June to
the present time. Arrived the Snow Johnson from
Ontario with Provisions and Baggage of the 17th Reg'
destined to garrison the Posts above. I purchased
from the Indian Traders a Quantity of Large Toma-

266 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
hawks for the Crown as there were so few axes in the
Store for the Expedition.
24th. Provisions arrivd from Niagara in Boats &
crossed the Portage as usual without an Escort. The
Provisions that arrived in the Johnson badly hooped
so as to entirely require new coopering which retards
the Ox teams. Our Indians that went in Pursuit of
the Ennemy returned unsuccessfuly about 1 1 this night,
having taken different Routes & divided themselves
in 2 Bodies. In the night as some of our men spear
ing fish above the Falls, eager after the Sport were
insensibly led into the stream, but escaped. The
weather very sultry and close.
25th. The Cattle all halted this day. The detach
ment of the Captain and 100 men this day decamped
from the center of the Portage and encamped nearer
little Niagara Fort as the repairing the roads is near
accomplished & being most contiguous towards the
Protection of the Cattle that always graze there. That .
bag of the Ennemy found on their tracks known to be
long to the Delawares, inhabiting the east side of
Sandusky. Accounts from Ontario that the York
Provincials deserted one night 17 which had they been
sent here would'nt happened of our Indians here.
Went out ten Indians on the Ennemy's old tracks.
26th Waggons and Teams employed on the Portage
in transporting Provisions and the Baggage and Stores
of the 17* Reg'. I sent my orders to the Storekeeper
at the Fort at Little Niagara to embark the Iron and
nails aboard the new vessels for D'Etroit. This day
sailed the Johnson for Ontario and arrived here the
Schooner from thence with Provisions. Returned the
10 Indians from their scout and found the Ennemies
Tracks were directed towards the Jennessees Castles.
Continued on mending the Road. A captain and 50
men of the 46th and 8o'h Regiments.
27th. Finding the necessity of a wharf to be built at
little Niagara I set off with the Master Carpenter and
marked it out for the loading the long boats. I pro-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 267
ceeded to Navy Isld and embarked some tools and
materials on board the Sloop Charlotte for the Expedi
tion : the Schooner is at the foot of the Rapids yet.
The 2 new Schooners carry 200 Barrels each and the
old one 200 which makes 1 100 each trip. Still con
tinued to mend the Roads on the Portage. Provisions
crossed as usual. This afternoon sailed the Schooner
for Ontario.
28th. I returned to the Camp. Provisions crossed
the Portage as usual. The Sloop at Navy Island now
loading with Provisions. She is constructed chiefly for
the navigation of Lake Huron. Arrived at Niagara
1 1 canoes with 40 Ottawas to attend the Congress to
make peace. Ordered to encamp with the Jibbeways
on the opposite side of the River. By this days Cal
culation there are 4791 Barrels of Provisions now at
and from Fort Schlosser to the Rapids including what
is at present on board the Sloop at Navy Island and
the Schooner at the foot of the Rapids. Continued
on mending the roads. Employed a party for putting
the Tools in order for the Expedition.
29th. The Cattle halted this Day. Arrived a party
of Western Indians at the Fort to attend the Con
gress. Continued repairing the roads. Completed
all the works of the principal Entrenchment Except
the Provision Magazine. Continued this party in re
pairing the Tools &c.
30th Went over the remainder of the ammunition
across the Portage, for the Expedition under an Es
cort of a Captain & 50 men, a Cap' Lieut & 25 artil
lerymen & 50 Indians. Arrived at the lower Landing
4 Batteaux with Peas. Winds from the west Quarter
this week past. The party on the Portage of a Cap
tain & 100 men decamped this day in order to encamp
near Fort Schlosser to protect the ammunition and to
assist in making the wharf there of 100 feet in length.
Ox Teams and Waggons remaining halted for want
of Provisions to carry over.
July Is' I sent over the Portage more Tools and

268 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
materials for the Expedition. Ox teams and Waggons
halted no service this day to employ them on. En
camped on the opposite Side of the River for the
Grand Congress upwards of 90 Ottawas & Jibbeways
Sachems and Warriors.
2nd July. Wrote to Lieu' Brehm the Engineer at
Detroit to purchase Lime, Charcoal &c for the works
necessary to be carried on there. Began on the great
wharf at 'little Niagara. Cattle halted for want of Em
ploy. 2 Senecas Indians set off for the Senecas Cas
tle. The 2d Schooner got into Lake Erie.
3rd. Carts and waggons still unemployed. Con
tinued on the wharf, repairing the Tools for the
Expedition. Our Indians 100 in number remain still
encamped about half way across the Portage as in
dolent and inactive as ever having never removed
their camp yet. The Ennemy neglected a decisive
blow by cutting off the cattle before the redoubts were
constructed on the Portage. The Schooner that got
up the Rapids last night into the Lake were, hauled
up by 150 men without the benefit of either wind or
the capstans and loaded with Three hundred Barrels
of Provisions for Detroit.
4th. In the Congress everything peaceable above.
A great Storm at S. W attended with heavy rains,
lightning and thunder. The Cattle inactive still. Sent
artificers over to compleat the large wharf at Little
Niagara. As time permitted began to ribband the
Bastion and 2 Demi-Bastions of the principal Intrench
ment also on Sodding the Banquettes as the earth has
sunk since its i5' construction. This afternoon sail'd
the Sloop Charlotte (loaded with Provisions) from
Navy Island and arrived at the Fort of the Rapids
extremely lucky having received some damage in her
launching. Wind on the Westward quarter 16 days
this day. Detachment at work on the wharf.
5th. The Cattle partly employed in carrying Timber
to the wharf, building at Fort Schlosser, the Detach
ment still Continued on that work. An Alarm this

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 269
Evening, a small scalping party of the enemy fired on
2 of our hunters, only wounding one of them with a
couple of balls. I crossed the carrying place and gave
the necessary directions for the compleating the great
wharf and returned to the principal Intrenchment.
Wind at West.
6th. Arrived from Niagara 6 Batteaux loaded with
60 firkins of Butter and the Proportions of Tools and
materials from the store, which I demanded for the
Expedition. An alarm this morning, one of our friend
ly Indians discovered a party of the Ennemy in the
skirt of the wood near the road between the Fort at
the little Landing and Niagara. Sent the proportions
of Tools and Materials (arrived this Day) to Fort
Schlosser. Wind at West and the Schooner from
Ontario. I set off for Niagara Fort and arrived there
this afternoon. Returnd the 3 Companies of Cana
dians from the Rapids and encampt at Fort Schlosser.
The Schooner Gladwin sail'd for Detroit the 4th & the
same day the Schooner Charlotte was hauled up the
Rapids into Lake Erie.
7th. At 7 o'clock this morning arrived the Mohawk
with Co1 Bradstreet on Board — very ill, also the Com
modore, the Commissary of Musters, Surgeon of the
Hospital and Brigade Major. Their Vessel left On
tario the 3d at 5 o'clock in the Evening at which time
sailed the Johnson from thence and the troops for the
Expedition and 600 Indians in 75 long Boats, each
Boat carrying 7 Barrels of Provisions, Sloops, several
Batteaux and canoes, carrying down the command of
Co1 Campbell of the 17th Reg! Waited on Col Brad
street and delivered him a detailed report of the sev
eral works carried on here. Mohawk loaded with
Provisions, Baggage, Rum, and Materials &? This
night received Co1 Bradstreet's orders to proceed to
morrow at Daylight to Lake Erie and to Examine the
discharge above 'the Rapids for a proper Entrepot for
Provisions for facilitating the supplying the vessels for
Detroit &? Received orders to take one of the assist-

270 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
ant Engineers with me on the Expedition and the
other to be left to survey the Limits of the Portage
according to treaty and to receive his further Instruc
tions from Sir William Johnson.
8th. I set off at Daylight for Lake Erie and arrived
there at 10 o'clock at. night. Arrived the Johnson
with Sir Wm Johnson on board & 30 Indians Chiefs
from Ontario with Provisions & Trader's goods &?
Arrivd the Sloop from Oswegatchi sent there for
Provisions. Arrived with only 130 Barrels, the rest
traders goods. Sail'd for Ontario the Schooner Some
of the Troops straggling were fired on by the En
nemy. 9th. I proceeded in Lake Erie with a Small Detach
ment from Cap' Montgomery's party at the Rapids
and proceeded up Buffalo Creek to examine that River
for a post. Cross'd the Lake & marked out a work on
the N West side just at the Discharge for loading the
vessels & arrived back this night on the Portage.
This night at 10 o'clock arrivd the Army in 70 long
Boats &c and encamped on the Bank of the River S. E
of the Fort.
io'\ I set off at Daylight & arrived at Niagara &
made my report to Co1 Bradstreet with a Sketch of
the situation & a design for fortyfying it — the whole
approved of. The Troops practising at firing at
Marks. n'h. Proceeded for the Portage & so to Fort
Schlosser 12 of the large boats with a Company of
regulars & 4 of Provincials to assist the transporting
of them. The troops practising at marks. 1 7th Reg*
ordered to proceed over the Portage & up to the
Rapids, but countermanded this evening. The 23d
day of westerly winds.
12th A Congress held, on the Glacis, with the Sav
ages viz' Ottawas, Nipissings, & others, Sir Wm John
son & the 6 nations &? The large boats transporting
over the Portage. In the evening the Wind at N E,
a reinforcement of Savages of the 6 Nations sent to

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 27 1
the Indians Encampment on the Portage. The Troops
prohibited firing at marks. The long boats repairing
at Fort Schlosser. At present encampt here Savages
of 14 different nations & 1000 in number. Artificers
employed in making carriages to fix the 10 light 6
pounders in the Boats. All trade forbid with the
Savages. The vending of Rum entirely prohibited
and a large quantity seiz'd this day for disobedience
of the Orders.
1 3"1. I received orders from Co1 Bradstreet to con
struct another Redoubt on the Portage at the 3 mile
Bridge. An Assistant Engineer & a party of 150
Provincials ordered for that purpose & proceeded
this afternoon. Two Bretes of Majorities fill'd up
this day. A Congress held this day, with the same
Indians as before, Sir Wra Johnson present who pre
sented them with Belts attending every Speech which
Consisted in enquiring into the cause of War, the In
cendiaries and demanding their young Warriors now
to join the Army to punish them. Also to know who
there is can with safety have their liberty in reestab
lishing of Missillimakinak for their advantage so well
as ours for the advantage of trade, as no traders for
the future will be admitted to trade but at the Posts
as a protection for their goods & that they must have
certainly felt the bad consequences arising from carry
ing on a war with the English who Command the
gates of this vast Country & that the great King has
forbid us to trade with them until his Savage ennimies
are subdued. The troops detained here waiting the
result of the several Councils. Arrived this day by the
way of Lake Erie 197 Ottawas & Menomenies to at
tend the Congress. Wind at N E. Employ'd Car
penters in Welding & Kneeing the long boats with
Iron hoops. The long Boats transporting over the
Portage but with some difficulty. Artificers still em
ploy'd on the carriages. The Jibbeways and Ottawas
all night in Council among themselves.
14th. Gave directions for the Constructing a Bake

272 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
house (for the Army) at Fort Schlosser, also for fitting
up another oven of masonry at Niagara. The Car
penters employed as before, the Contracted ones, on
Navy Island Still at work on the Boats for the vessels
& Barges for Individuals. Arrived the Schooner with
Provisions & Artillery stores for Ontario. Set out
one Indian of each Nation to the Senecas Castle to
know why they have not attended the Grand Con
gress held at Niagara. The Indians as they arrive
received some presents.
15th Sail'd the Mohawk, Johnson & Messessaques.
I proceeded this morning by land from the Grand
Fort to Fort Schlosser & returned the same night.
The Congress continued. This afternoon sail'd the
Schooner for Ontario. Carpenters employed on the
carriages in repairing the long Boats. Indians all
victualled by the Crown.
1 6th. The Indians in Council granted us the reestab-
lishment of Missillimackinack, also the liberty of build
ing a Post on the N. W side of the River above the
rapids at the mouth of Lake Erie belonging to the
Jibbeways. Received Co1 Bradstreet's orders this
night to proceed with 500 'men to establish that Post.
The long Boats transporting over the Portage. Arti
ficers employ'd as before. Gave in the design I had
projected for the construction of the Intended Post
above — Approved.
1 7th At daylight this morning I proceeded to execute
my last night's orders. All the long Boats now trans
ported over the Portage. Indians now attending the
Congress 1 200 in number, which oblige the 1 7* &
80th Regiments to remain encampt round the Fort, as
they are never to be trusted. Rum & Oxen given to
the Indians to regale with. 700 Barrels of Provisions
at the Rapids. Arrived at Fort Schlosser at 2 o'clock
& took with me the 2 Battalions of the Connecticut
and Jersey forces being 450 men, & proceeded with
12 large Boats & four Batteaux & arrived this night
at Navy Island & encampt there. Loaded the two

JOURNALS OF CArT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 273
Boats with 176 Barrels of Provisions & a Propor
tion of Tools for constructing the proposed work
at the Rapids. Prodigious rains with strong S E
winds. Wrote to Co1 Bradstreet for an Assistant
Engineer. 1 8th. Proceeded with the Detachment at Daylight &
arrived at the N W. side of the Rapids at the Point of
Lake Erie & encampt there at the Propos'd Post.
Employ'd the Party in cutting of Brush & clearing the
Ground. Heavy rains all this day. Wind at S E.
The Ground Extremely rich, covered with Beach,
Hickory, Walnut &c. and the situation answering Ex
pectation in every respect for my Fort, Provision Store
& wharf. The two Companies of Quarf master Daly's
Detachm' joined us.
19th. Employ'd the Detach' in cutting of Brushing
& felling of Timber on the proposed spot for building
the Fort. This Day arrived the Schooner Glad
win from Detroit for Provisions. Went with a Party
of Light Infantry up Buffalo Creek. Returned &
crossed the mouth of the Lake to the new Encamp
ment. 20th. Arrived an Assistant Engineer & 14 Contracted
Carpenters. Came the Schooner Victory from Detroit,
ordered to be loaded with the baggage of the i7'h
Reg'. She lost her bowsprit in a gale of wind. Em
ploy'd the Detachm' in felling the Timber & cutting &
burning the Brush. The Artificers cutting & pointing
the Stockades. From the Inattention of the wood
cutters several accidents happened by the felling of the
timber. Sounded the borders of the Shore & found
it every way answers also did the new channel to the
N westward of the ledge of Rocks. I set off this
afternoon at o o'clock for Niagara leaving the neces
sary directions for carrying on the work with the
design for the same. Cattle as usual transported the
Provisions across the Portage. Arrived a Captain &
45 Men of the 46* at the Rapids. Came in a party to
make Peace. Artificers employed as before.
18

274 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
21st. Arrived at Niagara this morning at n o'clock
& made my report to Co1 Bradstreet. Arrived the
schooner from Ontario with 150 Barrels of Provisions.
Advices from Co1 Gladwin commanding at Detroit of
the Sandusky Indians having sent in their Prisoners &
are now sueing for Peace there. Boats constantly
employ'd in transporting Provisions from Fort Schlosser
to the Rapids. Wind at N E. A Free trade per
mitted with the Savages but the traffick with Rum
which is ordered to be kept up till their departure
from hence. Directed by Co1 Bradstreet to make him
a Report & a Plan of all the works carried on here
since the Campaign in order to be transmitted to
the Comr in Chief. Had not the Senecas come in,
an Expedition was forming to attack their Castles.
Remarked that one tenth of all the Provision for the
Army is damaged for want of proper cooperage and
' storage. 22nd Came in to the Congress some Seneca Indians
with a number of our deserters & other Prisoners.
Cattle employ'd in transporting provisions across
the Portage as usual. Artificers employ'd as be
fore. Arrivd the Mohawk Snow from Ontario with
Provisions. Arrivd the Snow Johnson & Sloop from
Ontario. 23d Recd Co1 Bradstreets dispatches to the Commdg
officer of Corps & proceeded at 8 o'clock this morning
for the new post at the Discharge of Lake Erie. Set
off through the woods & arriv'd there at 12 o'clock
this night. The Ox teams & artificers employd as be
fore. A Party Employd in putting Fort Schlosser in
repair & draining of it. This morning Co1 Bradstreet
at 8 o'clock sent to Sir Wm Johnson for a final an
swer with regard to the Chiefs of the Senecas, not at
tending the Congress with the other Nations of
Indians. Ricolet told me, he has seen a Rattlesnake
7 feet long and 22 Rattles and that Hogs are the
means of driving snakes from ye settlements, as they
even eat them.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.

275

Indians at the Congress at
Niagara.
July. 1764. Mohawks. 45 gust 19'
Caenawagues

Canyesadagu

ss

Strength of the Troops ]
leaving Fort Erie au- [•
•hi764 )

. . 124
Schahanies  14
Canajoxeris  57
Oneydas & Tusce- £
roras  -S t2o
Onendagas  ^ 115
Aquagaws  ^ 117
Senecas  -^ 178
Tennessess  § 273
Cayugas  <-»
Menomenies  |
Jibbeways  t»
Ottawas  c/3
Huron & Wyandots..
Foxes & Sacs  27
women & children ... 150

Royal Artilly  53
Major Daly's Detach' 323
Major Le Hunter's do

146 99 7i
173 16

17th Regiment
80* do
Canadian Batt"
New Jersey do
New York do
Connecticut do
Batteaux men .
Rangers 
Carpenters ....
Staff 
Royal Highlanders &
do Americans
Indians  310

35i
324 146179151180157 44 36 17 15

Total  1725

Total  2289

Expence of Provisions for the Indians ] ,£25.000 N.
only at the Congress, Niagara July > york Cur-
1 764  ) rency
Besides the presents  £38.000 Sterling..
Terms of Peace between Col Bradstreet and the
Delawares, Shawanese 6 Nations Indians and Hurons
of Sandusky Concluded at the Cove of Peace on the
South Side of Lake Erie august 12. 1764. Present
10 Indians with Strings and Belts of Wampum, all
intreating for mercy and peace in the name of Four
Nations. — ist, Send in their prisoners — 2nd Liberty
to build Forts all over their country and to send tra^
ders amongst all without molestation & any interrup
tion whatever & to have Bands within the Distance
of a Cannon shot round each Fort. — 3rd — If any In
dian should commit any Breach contrary to their terms,

276 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
shall be delivered up at Fort Pitt and tryed by 6 Eng
lishmen and 6 Indians — 4th Six Hostages for the ful
filling the whole — Granted. 5th— To take up arms
against our Ennemies jointly with us & separately, as
we will against our Ennemies.
July 24th. 1764. This day arrived 4 Companies of
Light Infantry under the Command of Major Daly
from the opposite side of the Rapids and encamped
on the left of the Line. Carrying on the work for
this Post. The artificers employed in squaring Tim
ber for the Barracks and Store Houses and Stockades.
The working Party chiefly employed in making a Stone
Revetement for the Polygon of the Fort next the
Lake. 25th. Arrived 3 canoes of distant Western Indians at
this Encampment to attend the Congress at Niagara.
Carrying on the Works for the Post. A detachment
of 40 men with arms sent over the opposite side for
Boats, returned again the same day. Sent an Express
Boat off this afternoon to Co1 Bradstreet with my Re
port of the progress of the Works carrying on here.
26th. Sounded the channel along the Discharge of
this Lake to the present post from 5 to 2 Fathoms
water. The working party & artificers employed as
before on constructing the Post. This detachment
consists of 2 Battalions of the Connecticut and Jersey
Provincials, 2 companies of the light Infantry & gren
adiers of the 55,h Reg' & a Captain & 45 of the 46th
and 20 naval Carpenters. Employed some Carpen
ters in repairing the long boats for the Expedition for
transporting the Troops.
27* Arrived one of the Long Boats and 3 Batteaux
with a Detachment of artillery & party for fatigue em
ploy'd in constructing the Post as before. Wind at
SW. 28th— Arrived the Gladwin Schooner from De
troit, everything quiet. Received Col Bradstreet's
orders for getting the Post defensible by the 30 Ins'.
The Party & artificers employ'd as before. Orders

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 277
received for loading the Schooner with the Baggage
of the 17* Reg1 and the General Hospital and Stores.
Winds for some days at S. W. An Express set off
this evening for F' Schlosser with Dispatches for Ni
agara. Part of this Detachment employed in loading
the Schooner for Detroit. The vessels sailed down
the new discovered channel near opposite the Post.
The waters this day raised 2 feet perpendicular by the
violent gale from the South West. The Boats that
were not sufficiently hauled up here got damaged.
This day a feast given to all the Indians.
29* July— 1764. Part of this Detachment employed
in loading the Schooner. This morning the lake fell
to its former surface. Winds at S. west.
30*. Arrived 5 Boats & 1 Long Boat with the Re
mainder of the Detachment of Artillery and Artillery
Stores consisting chiefly of fixed ammunition, also
some Batteaux with Provisions in Barrels. Came an
order to load the Schooner Gladwin with \ the Artillery
Stores. Employed the working parties and artificers
as before. 100.000 musket cartridges.
31s'. Two light 6 Pounder Gun Carriages & 250
rounds, 3000 w' musket Ball put on board the Schooner
this day for D'Etroit & 25.000 Musket Cartridges.
Employed the artificers & working parties as before.
Arrived Sloop Charlotte from D'Etroit. This last
vessel had but 48 hours passage, brings advice that
the Powtwattamies of S' Joseph, the Miamis & some
Ottawas on that River still decline making any terms
of Peace. The Post now become defencible.
August Is' — 1764. The working parties and artificers
employed as before, part of the Detachment employed
in loading the Sloop Charlotte with Provisions, ammu
nition and other artillery Stores. The Gale still con
tinues. 2nd. The Gale still continueing from the same
quarter. The Detachment and artificers employed in
constructing the Post as before, part of the Detach
ment employed in loading the vessels with Provisions,

278 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
ammunition & Intrenching Tools. This evening saild
the Sloop & the Schooner for D'Etroit. Wind at N.
East, blew prodigously violent. Finished the ovens
of masonry. Flux prevailing among the men.
3rd. I sent an Express to Col Bradstreet to order up
here Ox teams for hawling out the timber for the Piers
& Wharfs of this Post. Begun to lay the foundations
for the Officers & Soldier's Barracks with Masonry.
Finished levelling the earth for the Parade & founda
tion of the Provision Store next the lake. Several of
the Troops subject to agues and fevers. Batteaux
arrived here loaded with Provisions.
4th. Received dispatches from Col Bradstreet. This
Fort named Fort Erie. Batteaux arrived with pro
visions. The working parties and artificers employed
as before. Wind fresh at South.
5th. Continued carrying my works as before. South
erly winds. The Camp falling sick with Agues,
Fevers, & Fluxes. Some Carpenters employed in re
pairing the Boats. My artificers consist chiefly of
Carpenters, Masons, Brickmakers, Lime burners,
Shinglemakers & Sawyers. I sent an Express to
Niagara for more materials for this Post.
6th. Arrived the Schooner Boston (arived in 4 days).
All quiet at Detroit, excepting one of our soldiers tom
ahawking a Wyandot Indian. Wind Strong at South.
Arrived 12 oxen from Niagara for drawing the wharf
& Pine Timber out of the woods. Employ'd the party
for fatigue & artificers as before, in carrying on the
work. Arrived one Canoe with Indians from Niagara
on their way express to Detroit to assemble the several
Nations there to the Treaty. Employed a party of
my company in repairing some of the long Boats being
very leaky. The waters raised again 18 inches by the
violence of the wind. An Express boat sent off with
account of the arrival of the Schooner. Mornings &
evenings begin to be cold. Heavy rains. Sailed the
vessels with Sir William Johnson and the Indians for
Ontario & Oswego Lake.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 279
7th. Continued my Party and Artificers as before on
the construction of the Fort. Winds at S. W. strong
& attended with rain. Waters raised 2 feet perpen
dicular. Heavy rain this night.
8th. Arrived the Schooner Victory from Detroit.
Employed the artificers & different parties of fatigue
as before. Weather moderated. Wind at S. W.
The Schooner Boston weighed & sailed into the new
Channel & came to an anchor, embarked the remainder
of the Engineers stores on board. Two of our Hunters
in the woods meeting each other by accident & fired one
of which is mortally wounded. Arrived the Troops
this night from Little Niagara and encamped here.
4000 Barrels of Provisions left at Fort Schlosser.
9*. At 11 o'clock this morning the whole Troops,
Indians &c proceeded in Boats on the Lake & arrived
this night at a Cove on the North Shore, called the
Traders Landing, 9 miles from the Discharge of the
Lake & encamped there. This morning employed in
loading the 2 vessels & in repairing the Boats sus
tained by the Damage of the Keels in the rapids &
in hawling them on shore on a Rocky Beach, being
loaded each with 15 Barrels of Provisions. The 17th
Reg' taking the opposite side of the Rapids towards
Buffalo Creek got into the Surf & lost 2 Boats &
amongst them & the rest of their boats suffered much.
Carpenters were sent to repair them. Winds west but
moderate and fine. Began making my chart of the
rout. io'h August 1764 — The whole waiting, for the 17th
Reg' not arriving as was expected, proceeded at 9
o'clock this morning immediately across the lake to
the South Side & arrived this afternoon at 4 o'clock
at River au Sable 25 Miles but not before the neces
sary precautions were taken for the landing the whole
being Scoured by a small party of Canawaga Indians.
This morning orders were sent Express to the 17th
Reg' to join the whole at River au Sable & a Pilot
was sent for that purpose. Fine weather & moder-

280 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
ate winds at S. WJ This morning the order for Battle
was given out, which is to be observed for the Lake En
campment and attack, the whole consisting of 68 large
Boats & a Number of birch Canoes for the Indians
& 6 Indians in each Boat. Total of the Troops 2000.
1 Ith. Arrived the 17th Reg' at 10 o'clock this morn
ing. The whole proceeded at 7 and at 11. Halted,
as the weather seemed suspicious. At 2 o'clock this
afternoon Continued our rout, wind Still at S. W?
Consumption of Provisions 140 Barrels a week. The
weather clearing up Continued our Rout and arrived
at Ance aux feuilles 18 miles from the last Encamp
ment, could not proceed further the wind blowing fresh
S. W! The whole ordered to hold themselves in
readiness, to embark in case of a lull for a Push to
Presque Isle as the Shore home hence thither is dan
gerous, particularly, on account of Les ecores de
Chatacouan & to Surprize the ennemy supposed to
be laying Concealed there to attack by us as per rela
tion in Council, held the io'h by the 3 chiefs of the
Carnawagas, Onandagas & Oneydos. The weather
much the same together with the representation of
the Indians Chiefs lest their Warriors should be left be
hind as not choosing to risk that coast in the night.
The whole halted.
12th. Wind at S W? Windbound this day & night,
attended with a Surf which obliged us to unload &
haul up the boats to the edge of the Woods by which
they received some small damage, owing to the mis
management of the men. This morning arrived 2
Canoes with 10 Savages Chief warriors & deputies
from the Castles of the Hurons of Sandusky  Dela
wares, Shawanese & 5 Nations inhabiting the Plains
of Scioto to entreat for a Peace. Granted Condition
ally as per articles of the Terms of Peace.
Strength of the Troops  1979 310 Indians out of 574
 intended
2289. Total.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 28 1
13th August 1764. Proceeded at £ after 8 this morn
ing the wind still at S. W but moderate, continued for
1 5 miles to a Cove at a Point of Chatacouen and there
Halted for the rear till £ after 2 this afternoon. Wind
notwithstanding foul, set off & arrived at a fine Cove
22 miles further & encamp' as it seemed to threaten
to blow and night coming on. Gained this day
Thirty seven miles.
14th. At 6 this morning the whole set sail for Presque
Isle. Wind at S. S. West and arrived there at 9
— twelve miles. Halted a short time and continued to
the carrying Place, being 4 miles further and there en
camped, the wind fresh & foul. Total of miles this
day 16. Disembarked the loading out of all the Boats
& sent them around the Peninsula. Some Boats were
carried over this Carrying place which is of some 45
yards across. Encamped on the Istmas of the Presque
Isle, the wind & surf being very violent in the night
the whole were obliged to be hauled further on the
Beach. 15th. A Council held with the Indians & Deputies
from the Ennemy Indians & the Articles with the
Terms of peace were Signed in Council by both par
ties. A Boat belonging to the I7'h Reg' went to
pieces. The wind very strong at n. n. w. with a great
swell, obliged us to remain in Camp this night. Either
lost himself or deserted a Soldier from the Jersey Reg'
& one from the 17th Reg'.
16th. This day went off Express with Co1 Brad-
street's dispatches to Fort ' Pitt, an Oneyda a Tus-
carora, one Onondaga & two of the Shawanese Depu
ties, Containing the Articles with the Terms of Peace,
from thence they are to proceed to the Plains of Scioto
& meet the Troops (with the Chiefs & Prisoners j) at
Sandusky. At 8 o'clock the whole continued their
Rout — the wind at N E with a great Swell insomuch
that those Indians which travel in Birch Canoes were
obliged to remain. The whole halted at La Riviere
de Villejoint— 17 miles. The Indians went hunting.

282 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Provisions issued to the Troops. The Canoes with
the Indians arrived & the. rest. Some of the Indians
joined us by land, but were so long on their rout that
we were obliged to encamp ourselves here.
1 7"1 At 6 o'clock this morning the whole proceeded.
The wind at S S. W. Seven Tuscaroras chose to
remain. The weather very moderate. Wind changed
at N. N. E! the whole set sail & arrived this evening
at La Grand Riviere or Cayahuga, 62 miles. En
campment to wait for the Indian Canoes, one Boat of
the 46,h Regiment's detachment — lost. The night
generally calm.
1 8th. The whole proceeded at 7 o'clock this morning.
The weather very fine & moderate and the water
smooth. The Canoes with the Indians not arrived.
Detained till this hour by frivolous excuses of the
Savages in which they are never wanting. At 9 o'clock
the wind sprung up at N N E' the whole fleet set sail,
after some time the wind rose at N W by N and blew
fresh, the sea running high & the whole bore away
into the River de Seguein, with a little difficulty as
there is a spit off the Entrance but no bar in the mouth
of it. This is a remarkable river where the upper
Nations hunt & also paddle. 6 leagues up this river
& on the East Side & from thence march loaded to
Fort du Quesne now Fort Pitt in 6 days. Great
Party of the Ottawas hunted & saved corn here last
year. Gained 36 miles this day. The river Assequesix
is navigable for Birch Canoes 60 miles up.
19th. Continued our Rout at Daylight. The wind
moderate but rose fresh with a great swell. Signals
were made for making a Harbour the whole bore away
into the River de Roches — the wind at N. E. seven
miles £ from the last Encampment, where we left 2
Boats with Canadians light Infantry repairing. This
river is not navigable far up. One Canoe with Sav
ages lost but the people saved. Wind violent.
20"1. Arrived this morning the 2 Boats with the
Canadians Light Infantry & 7 Canoes of our Savages

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 283
that were left behind. The wind at N E but so violent
& attended with such a great swell, the whole were
obliged to remain encamped here this night.
21s'. At 6 o'clock this morning orders were given
for the whole to proceed. Arrived at La Riviere de
la Culiere 21 miles & there halted. At 2 o'clock this
afternoon continued to the Riviere de Vermillion 13
miles further, 34 miles this day. The wind ahead at
W. S. W and very squally. Lost himself in the woods
or deserted, a soldier of the Jersey Regiment.
22nd. The wind at N W fresh & a swell which
obliged the whole to remain Encamp' this day. As
the savages waste and eat a greater proportion of Pro
visions than the Troops the Returns were Examined
2258 Rations per diem, remaining 30 days Pork & 37
of Bread from this day. This night set off an English
& Canadian officer with some savages to the Hurons
of Sandusky that Col Bradstreet had granted them a
peace at their earnest request, that they were to bring
their Prisoners & meet him with their Chiefs at San
dusky by the middle of Septr to ratify the Treaty.
23rd. Wind at S. S. W the whole continued their
Rout. At Dawn of day made a small Halt to a point
on the main to the Southward of 12 miles Island for
Manitou Chief of the Ottawas & the Great War Chief
of the Nation to make Peace & here embarked on board
and continued our Rout to l'ance de la petite Isle or
Manitou's Cove from thence the Chiefs detached a
Canoe to the Miamis to acquaint Wassing Chief of the
Jibbeways & also to the Ottawas of the terms of peace
agreed on between them and us. 44 miles this day.
24th. Wind at S. W at 6 o'clock this morning the
whole proceeded from Manitous Cove or L'ance de la
petite Isle & arrived at la Pointe au Cedra^i miles
and encamped in order to wait for the chiefs of the
Savages of the Miamis & some other Ottawas chiefs
that inhabit this river. A strong camp, the Lake in
the Rear & an impassable swamp in its Front.
Offered my service to Colonel Bradstreet to proceed

284 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
with a small party of Indians (if thought requisite &
necessary) into the Illinois Country to Execute his
Orders & to return to New York by the way of the
River Mississippi.
25th. A Council held between Col Bradstreet & the
chief of the several Indian nations with us. No chiefs
arriving from the Miamis to this appointed place & to
the appointed time the whole embarked this afternoon
to attack the ennemy, but we had not proceeded far
before we discovered 2 or 3 Canoes with the Indian
chiefs from that place where they left Pondiac upon
which the whole returned to the former encampment
& encampt as before. The water rose this night 2
feet perpendicular, a hard gale blowing at • N E which
obliged the whole to unload & haul up all their boats
from the surf. The heat this day was so intense that
the Centries were ordered to be posted under the Shade
as some of them fainted, the whole encampment being
situated on a sandy beach. A Council was held this
Evening with the Ottawas & Jibbeways Chiefs but as
nothing could be concluded for the present for want of
other chiefs 'twas deferred until our arrival at Detroit.
26th. The Miamis Indians agreed to let pass an
Officer & some of our Indians to the Illinois & to leave
Hostages for their safe return. The Canawages & all
the other nations with us sent Belts to the several
nations of Indians in that Country that if they did not
make peace as they did they would take up the Hatchet
against them next Spring. This day Cap' Morris of
the 17 Reg' & a party of our friendly Indians set off
for the Illinois by the way of the Miamis & from thence
after administering the Oath to the Inhabitants & mak
ing the necessary remarks &c & thoroughly fulfilling
his Orders there, he is to proceed to New York by the
way of the Mississippi. The whole continued their
rout, leaving behind 4 Tuscaroras Chiefs & arrived at
La Riviere aux Raisins— 1 of Miles this day.
27"1. Wind at S. W. The whole of the Troops ar
rived this day at Detroit being the 19th day from Fort

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 285
Erie & encamped above the Town on the N side. Gave
in to Col Bradstreet a return of the stores, Tools &
Materials belonging to the Engineers Branch both
what Vere in this place & brought here intended for
the Expedition. Received orders to examine what
Houses were vacant & what were reparable in the
Fort, for covering the Troops for the Garrison to be
left here the 17th, but found them far short of Sufficient
room without cantoning them. Found on my arrival a
great deficiency in my spades, Shovels, what with the
Navy for Ballast &c the Troops for Gardening &c. On
our arrival near the Fort we were saluted from thence
& the vessels which was returned from our Gun Boats.
Observed one of the Schooners at the river mouth on
her way to Niagara — 47 Miles this day.
28th. I went up the River Rouge 4 miles below the
Town on the west side of the River (with a covering
Party from the Light Infantry) for a proper situation
for Wintering the vessels occasionly which after re
connoitering and sounding the River I fixed on &
made a design for a Work & naval store-houses. Ap
proved of. Made out a proposition of Stores & Tools
for Missillimakinack to be put in the Boats with the
Troops destined there. Was ordered to make a De
sign & estimate for Barracks for 400 Men to be con
structed within the Fort which was completed this
Day with Plans & Sections. Indian Presents, Ex
pense known at ,£38,000 Sterling, delivered to them
by Sir Wm Johnson at the Congress held at Niagara
this year. Winds at west, very hot.
29th. Winds at S. W. & very hot. Received orders
to make a Design for a Wharf & Pier to this place for
securing the vessels & for the better loading & un
loading them with an Estimate for the same. Wrote
to the Assistant Engineer Commanding at Niagara
for an additional supply of Tools & materials carrying
on the work here. This day the Inhabitants took the
Oaths of allegiance and fidelity to his Brittanic
Majesty. Also was raised one Captain, 3 subalterns

286 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
& 100 Men of the settlements to proceed with the
Detachment of the 17th to reestablish the Missillimack-
inack. Council held with the Indians.
30th. Wrote to the Chief Engineer for more ma
terials for Building the Barracks &c. Ordered for
Missillimackinack 8 large Boats and 2 French Bat
teaux, the whole to carry 14 Barrels of Provisions each
Total 140 Barrels. Sailed this day for Niagara the
Schooner Victory with Co1 Gladwin on board. The
Fort Saluted, returned from the Vessel. Contracts
made with the Inhabitants to furnish the quantity of ma
terials necessary for building the Barracks here. Com
missions given to the Officers of this settlement going
to Missillimackinack. Arrived some Indians from the
Misconis River bringing accounts that Wassing & the
rest of the Chiefs would be here as by promise the 3d
of September. Already transported in the vessel this
season from hence Remittances of the Traders 1200
packs of Peltrys 1000 of which Beaver & 500 Packs still
remaining unsold in the settlement. Begun cutting
Timber on Island Cochon for two scows for bringing
of Stone & other materials 70 feet in length by 18 in
Breadth, to carry 25 Tons. West winds at S S W' and
excessive heat. Only 280 men of this Settlement at
present in it, capable of carrying arms.
31s' Decamped & marched in & took possession
of the Garrison of Detroit the 17th Reg' and relieved
the old Garrison being detachments from the 17th
Royal Americans & 8o'h Regiments. ¦ Only 80 men of
the new Raised troops of this place could be con
veniently mustered, to proceed to morrow with the
Detachment, I intended to establish at Michillimacki-
nack. This day arrived a Batteaux of Mohawks be
longing to our army who escorted & carryed Provisions
for the officers & party sent to the Illinois by way of
the Miamis. They presented a Belt sent by Pondiac
to Col Bradstreet & the 6 Nations of Iroquois. Ap
plied to Col Bradstreet to make a chart of the mouth
of the River Huron to show the sounding on the bar

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 287
& the properest Channel for the Vessels to pass
through in her way to the upper Lakes. The party
with Col Putnam consisting of 200 narrow ax men
cutting Timber for Barracks on Isle au Cochon still
remain at work. The Belt brought from Pondiac was
cut to pieces in Council this day & thrown piecemeal
in the river by the 6 Nations and the Speech that was
to accompany it entirely rejected. Gave directions for
cutting Timber for 2 Skows for carrying Stone from Isle
la Pierre to the Fort. All parties of Artificers &c em
ployed by the Crown being Inhabitants have their allow
ances of Provisions. Wind at S W' A working party
from Encampment of 60 men for making Saw Pitts near
the Fort.
September i8'. Went up the River above Isle au
Cochon with Col Bradstreet with a carrying party from
the Light Infantry. This morning proceeded the
Detachment, under the Command of Cap' Howard
(17th Reg') for the reestablishment of the Post at
Missillimackinack. A fair wind & fresh at S. W.
Sent a party of Charcoal Burners to Isle au Cochon,
also a party to make a Raft for to transport some
Square Timber to the Fort for the Barrels &c Con
tracted for this morning. Fixed on the places for Pro
vision Stores for 3000 Barrels of Provisions. The
new Powder Magazine in the Flag Bastion near com
pleted, being 21 Feet in length breadth & heighth,
calculated for 400 Barrels. Powder at present here
200 Barrels. Extreme heat & the season dry. The
80* Reg' sickly— the camp in general subjected to
fevers, agues & Fluxes. Carpenters employed in re
pairing the Boats. An Examination made of the Boxes
of ammunition, cartridges & only one in 12 found
serviceable. Each containing 1 200 owing (as reported)
to the Boats Leaking.
2nd September. This afternoon arrived from the
Miamis 55 Ottawas of Pondiac Band to make peace
& that the Jibbeways & Powtwettamies were following
& would be here to morrow. A kind of Citadel pro-

288 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
posed by Stockading the area of the Barracks &
Parade & approved of. The wind N N N. W'. An
artillery Store House fixed on & delivered over to that
branch. Remark. 850 Indians of different nations,
had assembled at the Castle called Roche de but on the
Miamis River to oppose us, had we made any attempt
that way.
3rd. This day set a General Court martial. Went
out this afternoon by Land with Col Bradstreet below
the Powtowottamy village covering party from the 8o'h
Light Infantry. Contracted with some of the Inhab
itants for Pine Logs for Boards for the Barracks, to
be transported hence from the Piniere the opposite
side of Lake Saint Clair.
4*. Sent a party of 50 men and 2 long Boats to
Raft some Timber for the Barracks three miles below
the Huron Village. Set again the General Court
Martial. Continued the Carpenters repairing the
Boats & completing the Powder Magazine. Wind at
S. S. W. Gave in Proposals to Col Bradstreet for
procuring a grant of land & settling families thereon
for the better supplying the Garrison of Detroit & its
Dependancies with Provisions, forage &c to prevent
for the future his Majesty's Troops being drove to
those distresses & exigensies as of late, particularly
last year. Arrived this afternoon the Jibbeways all
young Warriors with Wassong their chief. All current
paper money made by the Merchants & others called
in to prevent further Impositions. Some Coenawagas
proposed returning to their castle. Commanding
Officer of the York Regim' tried this Day for contempt
of Colonel Bradstreet's orders.
, 5lh. Sat this day the Indian Council. Present, the
Jibbeways, Shawanese, Hurons, of Sandusky & the 5
Nations of Scioto, with all the several nations of friendly
Indians with the Army. The Hurons of this place not
present, sent word, our " Decision was theirs." The
Powtewattamies not yet arrived. The Jibbeways &
Ottawas responsible for their agreeing to the terms of

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 289
Peace proposed, concluded on & ratified on the present
occasion. Pondiac declined appearing here, till his
pardon should be granted. Continued sitting the
General Court Martial on a Prisoner tried for Rebel
lion. Wind at E. N. E'. The weather on the change,
the season commencing airish and chilly, particularly
the mornings. This day Pondiac was forgiven in
council, who is at present two days march above the
castle on the Miamis River called la Roche de But
with a party of 60 more savages.
6th. The Ottawas & Jibbeways incapable of attending
the Council to sign the Articles of Peace agreed on,
through Excess of liquor. Wind at N E'. The Camp
pretty healthy in general. Remarked that of the late
Garrison that was relieved only one man died for 4
years. Arrived this evening Ninnevah & 58 young
Warriors from the Powtawattamies ; also Pondiac's
own Band of Ottawas. Came to an anchor below the
Isle aux Dindes the Sloop & two Schooners from
Niagara loaded with uoo Barrels of Provisions.
Parties employed in hawling up the Timber rafted
down from the Fort.
7th. This morning the Treaty of Peace was ratified
in Council signed & sealed. Came down from Isle au
Cochon Colonel Putnam and the party of Provincials
that have been employed there cutting of Timber for
carrying on the works here. Proposed by Co1 Brad
street for Officers to apply for Grants of Lands here,
for the advantage of the Crown & this new Colony.
For either the Government must dispossess the pres
ent Inhabitants of their lands & entirely remove them
from hence or support this feeble colony with a numer
ous body of English sufficient to cultivate the vacant
lands in this streight & subordinate the savages who
are powerful in this neighbourhood. Wind at N E'.
Artificers continued as before. Arrived the Dispatches
from on board the vessels. Letters received from
Cap' Morris dated from les Praries des Mascoutins.
8th. Sent to the Piniere above Lake S' Clair to cut
'9

29O JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Timber of Pine for the Wharf. Wind at N. E. Pro
posed, the whole to set off from hence for Sandusky
in 3 days. Remark, up that river was the Rendez
vous proposed where Co1 Bradstreet should intrench
till the arrival there of the Troops under the Command
of Co1 Bouquet. The artificers continued as before.
Marked out the Barracks on the Parade in the S. W
end of the Fort. This day a Placard was given out
for an open & free Trade as before with the Savages
as the Peace was Concluded. Arrived several of the
Powttawatamies from S' Joseph, Westenong, La Sa
line &c &c.
9th. Came to anchor opposite the Fort, the Sloops
& 2 Schooners. Went over to the Huron Village &
4 miles below it with a covering party of Light Infan
try of the 55'11 to procure materials for carrying on the
work here. Set off from hence An Officer of the 80th
and some Mohawks to Sandusky with some provisions
in case the prisoners from the Plains of Scioto should
be arrived there. Arrived 10 Birch Canoes with a
large Party of Messassagues and Wabbogomigats
their Chief of Toronto with 158 of that tribe. Weighed
anchor this Evening, the Gladwin Schooner & Sailed
for Missillimackinack with her loading of Provisions
on board. The Schooner for Missillimackinack came
to an anchor to the South of Isle aux Cochon. Con
tinued the Artificers as before.
io'\ Thirty of the 55th Reg' Draughted into the
17'!1 A Council held with the Messessagues. The
Gladwin weighed & sailed into Lake S' Clair. Rafted
down a quantity of Plank & Boards, Continued the
artificers as before. Parties employed in unloading
the Vessels. This morning before day arrived the
Schooner Victory loaded with Provisions. Wind at
S E' with a gentle Shower of Rain, none having fallen
here for 3 weeks past. Made a demand for artificers
from the Troops to remain here to carry on the works
begun on and proposed at this place. Approved of.
, n,h. Arrived the Chief of the Jibbeways from the

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 29 1
Bay of Saguinau on Lake Huron. Came in 2 Huron
Chiefs from the village of Sandusky. Artificers em
ployed as before, repairing the Boats, Sawing of
Boards & Planks, making of Shingles, completing the
Powder Magazine &c. The several Indians of the
Upper Nations gradually diminish in their numbers,
retiring to their Castles. Rafted down more boards
& Plank for the Barracks. Wind at N. Wfc blowing
fresh, the weather wet & cold. Made several con
tracts for materials as Timber, Shingles, Boards,
Planks, Charcoal, Lime, Sand and Stone
12th. Orders for loading the several Boats with 4
Barrels of Flour and 4 of Pork. Party employed in
unloading the vessels. Wind at N E! Received or
ders from Col Bradstreet to make out a small pro
portion of these for building a Fort at Sandusky if the
Indians on our arrival there dont comply with the
articles agreed to on the 1 2th August last, with regard
to the Terms of Peace. The weather rather cold.
Artificers Continued on the Several works & Services
as before. Several rockets fired this night to amuse
the Savages.
13*. Arrived a Batteau with an Express from
Niagara, with an Officer of the 46"" and 13 men, ad
vice from Sandusky that the Indians to the number of
800 Warriors had assembled there to oppose our
troops from disembarking as proposed instead of rati
fying the treaty. Accounts came in that several
canoes were arrived at S' Josephs from the Illinois
with Ammunition, Clothing &c for the Indians to con
tinue the war against us. Artificers employed as be
fore. Orders issued for the Troops to decamp & em
bark to morrow morning for Sandusky. Wind at
S. W? Two Hurons quarrelling this night in our
Camp, the one Tomahawked the other. Four men
of the Canadian Battalion of Volunteers deserted this
night. 14th. At 8 o'clock this morning the whole Em
barked; saluted by the Guns from the Fort & the 3

292 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
vessels. Returned by our Gun Boats. Halted near
the mouth of the River, the Wind fresh at S. S. W,
however proceeded & arrived this evening at La
Riviere aux Cygnes, reckoned 30 miles from the Fort.
The Boston Schooner set sail this day for Niagara.
Provisions issued this night to the Troops ; left the
Garrison of Detroit with 15 months Provisions to the
present time. Remained behind from the Provincial
Troops 30 artificers for Carrying on the Works at
Detroit. Our present number of Boats 60 of the Long
Boats and one Barge. Obliged to row upwards of a
mile in this River for good ground to Encamp on, its
entrance being low & marshy. Encamped on the East
side. Put on board by order a proportion of Intrench
ing Tools &c for establishing a Post at Sandusky if
absolutely necessary and some materials embarked
on board the Schooner Victory to meet the Troops
there. The vessels remaining at anchor had received
orders & were ready to sail down the River. Trees
begin to change their Hue.
15th. Wind at N W. At day light the whole pro
ceeded & halted at la Riviere aux Raisons, where we
met 6 Jibbeway Canoes of Hunters with their Families
from the Miamis in their way to Detroit. This morn
ing we were met in a Birch Canoe by the officers sent
to Sandusky who brought an account that they were
not well treated by some of that village, that the reason
of their being so tardy in their determination was ow
ing to their having been promised by the Upper
Nations to make some stroke, that by what could be
learnt they proposed assembling about 1000 warriors
to surprise us when in Council at Sandusky and to
murder the whole but that they hoped forgiveness from
the ill advice they had received from their sachems &
that they were ready to listen to any terms for peace.
Remark that the Delawares were still ill-disposed not
withstanding the concessions made by the Shawanese
&? Arrived this night at La Pointe aux Feviers.
This country covered with game viz' Swans, Geese,

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 293
Ducks, Teal, Plovers Pidgeons &c, observed during
this day's rout. The rear of our Encampm' protected
by drowned & almost impassable swamps. The soil
very rich and well timbered. Rout this day esteemed
14 leagues. At 10 o'clock this night a hard gale of
wind rose at N E' which affected the boats. Orders
were given to man them in order to proceed round the
point but encfeasing with violence they were counter
manded and the Boats all hawled up. Two Indians
seen on horseback, 'tis observed the savages possess
in these parts including the Shawanese about 6000
Horses. 1 6th. Wind still continueing to blow hard at N E'
with a great sea. Several of our Indians went a hunt
ing. The lands extremely fine interspersed here and
there with intervals of meadow producing chiefly Folle
avoine a kind of Oats which the Indians make bread of.
At 2 o'clock this afternoon the wind lulling & the water
some what asswaged, the whole proceeded (after firing
3 Cannon for to call in the Hunters) & arrived late at
la Presqu' Isle, a gravelly beach & some what steep,
where we encamped & met Manitou & some of the
Ottawas Chiefs there. Accounts received there that
this night there was to arrive at the Hurons village all
on horseback 400 Delawares 500 Shawanese, which
with the 200 Hurons of the village here makes 1 100
Strong, a number sufficient to be attended to when
compared with our present numbers. A body of men
picked out from all the Troops for an occasional
stroke. 17th. The wind at S E' with a swell, rather flowing
fresh, however the whole proceeded at 7 o'clock in
order to reach the Lake of Sandusky, the wind &
waves rising we put back before the wind & arrived at
our former Encampment. One of our vessels dis
covered at anchor in the Traverse. No possibility
of continueing our rout, this day. Accounts arrived
that the Delawares & Shawanese are assembled at
Sandusky where the old Fort stood, in order to treat

294 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
with us for Peace agreeable to their appointment.
Greatest part of the Indians went out a hunting.
Continued sketching the coast and part of the Islands
with the Bearings and Distances.
1 8th. The whole proceeded. The wind at S. W
blowing very hard with a swell. Halted at the west
ern most Point of Sandusky Lake and blowing a Gale
of wind but lulling a little. About 2 o'clock Entered
Sandusky Lake & arrived in the afternoon where our
old Fort stood that the Indians burnt last year, a bad
place for the Boats. The whole set sail & arrived at
Thistle Creek about one mile & f to the Eastward of
it but the water failing returned & encamped ^ a mile
to the westward of the old Fort. A good clay beach.
Found at the old Fort the Officer of the 8o'h sent with
Provisions from Detroit. Heavy rains. The Dela
wares, Shawanese, & other nations not being arrived,
seven more days were granted.
19th. Came in an Express. A Delaware, some
Shawanese & an Indian from Scioto to acquaint us
that their chiefs & Prisoners were on their march to
meet us here. A Council held this day wherein 'twas
fully explained that no dependance was made on the
Belt sent, that the Delawares in particular had forfeited
their word long since. An Ottawa chief in the Council
upbraided the Shawanese and Delawares for sending
him a belt in the Spring to continue the war against
the English with the utmost vigour. Wind at N E.
The Channel of Sandusky was sounded & found
sufficient water for the vessels now on the Lake to
enter. Arrived the Sachem Manitou and the great
War Chief of the Ottawas with 12 more young warriors
to attend the General Council to be held here. Near
1300 lbs weight of our Flour on a survey found
damaged owing to the wet weather we have had lately.
Remark — that the water rises & falls upwards of 2 feet
perpendicular, the difference between the winds blow
ing in & out of this Lake, from the N E & S W
quarter. The Iroquois sent to Fort Pitt from Presque-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 295
Isle returned. Remark. The Officer of the 80* had
already dispatched one of our Indians to hasten the
Chiefs of the Nations expected.
20th. As the Nations expected to ratify the Treaty
propose taking the Rout of the upper village of the
Huron 60 miles from the first Rapids on the River of
Sandusky the whole embarked & proceeded and en
camped, one mile below the Rapids in order to meet
them one day sooner and also to be so much the nearer
to attack their villages on the Ohio should they to
comply with every article alluded in the Treaty of
Peace. This Days rout 30 Miles. Wind at S.W! very
heavy rains. The country covered with Game. The
land extremely rich, interspersed near the Borders of
the Rivers and Lake with large Tracts of Meadow.
This camp very advantageously situated on a rising
Ground and open woods as per Draught. The most
of this River from the Entrance to the Rapids being
about 18 miles is 5 Fathoms Water the first six miles
up Meadow, the rest woods, are part with another 80
yards Broad. The Evening & Morning Gun ordered
to be fired with the Camp duties &c as before. A
considerable difference observed in the climate becom
ing more moderate. One of the Couriers a Delaware
being suspected of returning before the arrival of his
chiefs, was secured by the Oneydas.
21st. The quarter guards of the Several Battalions
& Detachments defended by Fleches & Redoubts with
6 light field 6 Pounders in the Intervals. The Indians
from the neighbouring village at the Rapids which for
the most part is abandoned this Spring brought in the
produce of their settlement chiefly consisting of mel
ons Squashes & Indian Corn to traffick with the Troops
for Salt, Rum &c. Arrived an Express from Miamis
Fort not being permitted to proceed any further by the
Miamis. The Warriors in that River assembled 700
strong, when he was at the Fort 15 Shawanese and
Delawares arrived there with 14 Belts to the several
Nations to carry on the war against the English as

296 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
well as themselves having vowed Enmity to us as long
as the sun should shine, as per Journal from Captain
Morris* wherein is set forth the several escapes he had
of being scalped, of the severe treatment he met with
from the Miamis having been at times bound up in his
sash, tied to a tree, naked pillaged of all his effects &
dragged through the River & the necessity he was
under in concealing himself in different places (by the
advice and protection of Pondiac's nephew) to prevent
his being scalped : and his escape at last through the
woods on horseback with a Frenchman for his Guide.
The 14 Indians of the 6 Nations, his escort gave him
no assistance being struck with a Panick. A Council
was held this night between Col Bradstreet and the
Chiefs of several Nations, now encamped with us ac
quainting them with the above accounts, Desiring to
hear their Sentiments with regard to them to-morrow
in Council. The Indians council'd together the chief
of the night. The Schooner with Materials &c discov
ered at anchor near the entrance of Lake Sandusky.
Wind at SW. Remarkable heavy rain fell & continued
most of this night. Arrived from the Upper Huron
village of Sandusky 60 miles from hence accounts that
the chiefs of that nation were preparing to come down
& ratify the Peace made with us.
22nd. Wind Strong at West. An Express was dis
patched to Detroit in a Canoe. A Council held this
afternoon between Colonel Bradstreet and several
friendly Indian Chiefs. The result that 3 Indians
should be dispatched to see if the Delawares & Shaw
anese were on their Rout, if they were to hasten them.
On examining the Provisions found sufficient but for
20 days for the Troops. I went to the Huron Village
and took a sketch and Bearings of that advantageous
* Thomas Morris was a Lieutenant in the Seventeenth, or Forbes'
Regiment, in 1755. He was at the reduction of Louisbourg in 1758 and
with General Amherst at Lakes George and Champlain in 1750! In
1 76 1 he was promoted to a Captaincy. See Parkman's Conspiracy of
Pontiac for Morns' narrative among the Indians. He left the army in
1775. >

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 297
and beautiful situation and the meanderings of the
River. Remarked that the Left of our Encampment
is contiguous to the remains of an old Fort where the
Delawares & some of the Western Indians took Post
to shelter themselves against the Iroquois near ioo
years ago — this constructed in the form of a circle 300
yards in circumference, one half defended by the River
and a remarkable Hollow way or Gully which covers
the left and part of the Front of our present encamp
ment. The works thrown up for the Defence of the
Camp completed by the Respective corps that were
to occupy them.
23rd. Wet weather, wind at N E'. no accounts as yet
arrived from the Chiefs of the Nations expected. Or
ders for the Troops to receive 2 days provisions & to
cook it. The Gun to fire at 4 o'clock in the morning
at which time the Tents are to be struck & the whole
to Embark & proceed at the Beating of the General,
a very necessary movement as affairs do not wear the
best appearance from the delay of our Ennemies who
were to assemble to fulfill and ratify the articles of the
Peace agreed on and for near 1 2 miles of this river is
one entire Defile. Arrived accounts that the Schooner
was drove back to la Petite Isle, very heavy rains.
24th. The whole returned down the River. Wind
at S. W' Entered the Lake or rather the Bay of San
dusky and Continued on it till we arrived £ of a mile
above where the French Fort stood on the carrying
Place between the Lakes Sandusky and Erie, where
we Encamped. A working Party set to work imme
diately in clearing the Ground to construct a Fort on.
Made the Design, marked out the work and began on
cutting the Trenches and felling Timber for Stockades
&? Arrived account that the Schooner was near la
petite Isle at anchor. Very violent Flashes of light
ning & claps of Thunder. Indians hunted, some Deer
Killed. Prodigous heavy Showers. Rowed this day
to the present Encampment Seven Leagues. Great
want of Tools and almost every kind of materials for

298 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
carrying on the Fort. Left behind at our Encamp
ment about 80 of our own Indians under pretence of
waiting for the arrival of our Ennymies Chiefs, rather
they were displeased at this sudden manouvre and
Provisions left with them.
25'?" This morning at daylight a long boat was dis
patched to the Schooner with letters for Detroit where
she is immediately to proceed after delivering into the
Boat the materials &c belonging to the Engineers for
carrying on the Fort. Arrived a Canoe from up the
River of Sandusky with advices that some of the
Hurons of the Upper Villages had arrived at the lower
one and that some of the Delawares and Shawanese
had been there on their way to us, but that the courier
dispatched by the Officer of the 8o'h had sent them
back for their Prisoners. Two Ottawas Chiefs arrived
in our Camp on Horseback from Les Prairies des
Mascoutins up the river des Mis or Miamis confirming
the accounts transmitted by the officer of the 17th to
Col Bradstreet, also that the Miamis, Quicapous,
Mascoutins and Powtowattomies of S' Joseph had
danced the War dance, having accepted the Belts
sent by the Delawares, Shawanese and Senecas be
fore the return of the 2 Miamis chiefs that signed the
articles of Peace made with Col Bradstreet at Detroit.
Continued the working parties on the Front. Parties
sent a fishing with Seines with some success. Indians
returned from this days hunt with Deer. Wind at
S. W. Weather wet at 10 o'clock this night. Re
turned the Long boat that was dispatched this morn
ing which brought the materials sent for. Arrived at
the same time an Express from General Gage to Col
Bradstreet by the way of Niagara by an officer of the
46th Reg' who took the side of Lake Erie and fortu
nately fell in with the Longboat sent to the vessel from
this Camp. Contents of that Dispatch from the
Comm' in Chief. The Disapprobation of the Peace
concluded with the Delawares, Shawanese, Savages
of Scioto Plains and Hurons of Sandusky notwith-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 299
standing the Orders " make Peace with those Savages
who should offer it " and that Extraordinary Peace
granted to the Senecas and that Branch of them called
the Jennesees at Niagara in August after that recent
and most barbarous stroke Septr 1763 on the Niagara
carrying place without the least provocation together
with their being the occasion of this present rupture
with the Savages, Containing also the absolute neces
sity of 12 of the Delawares and Shawanese to be de
livered up to be put to Death and advice of Col
Bouquet being on his march against the Ohio Indians
by the way of Fort Pitt, which he was to leave the Is'
of October. The Schooner by order set off for De
troit this night for provisions for the Troops here from
where she laid at anchor. Remark — Monsieur La
Clae Commissionaire de la Companie des Indes now
provides many tribes even of our Savages from the
Island of Orleans with merchandize, Liquor, Arms &
Ammunition very near at Par at least with very little
profit 'tis reported by Order of the Court of France
to gain over the Savages to their Interest and this
year sent several canoes with Ammunition &c to La
Baye S' Josephs &c and to give credit to them, that
have not the wherewithal.
26*. Working Parties continue in constructing the
Intended Fort. Wind at S. W. Early this morning
was dispatched two long Boats to the Lower Huron
village near our last Encampment on the River of San
dusky to immediately bring back our Indians we left
there. At one o'clock this afternoon arrived a canoe
Avith 2 Ottawas from the Lower Huron village with
accounts that the Huron of the Upper Village with the
Prisoners were arrived there & that we might expect
them to morrow. Weather very sultry, with some
showers of rain. Arrived Manitou Chief Sachem of
the Ottawas with part of his Band. Remark.— The
Delawares and Shawanese were prepared for us in
June and had engaged a spot of Ground in the Illinois
country in case they should have been repulsed by us.

300 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
This morning about 1 1 o'clock I received orders to
discontinue the Works, the several parties were dis
missed accordingly. Arrived a Birch Canoe with
Hurons informing us that 40 Warriors and Chiefs ex
clusive of Women were on the opposite side of the Lake
at the old Village on the River Poisson d' Ontario that
they had brought some prisoners down with them
belonging to their Band or Party. Provisions were
ordered for the whole and sent them in the same canoe.
That they do not expect either the Delawares or
Shawanese as they said themselves 'twas too late in
the season and that they could not collect their chiefs.
Arrived also 2 canoes of Caenawagas with accounts of
the arrival of the Hurons. That a party of them
arrived the evening of the Day we decamped from
thence, that we need not expect the Delawares &
Shawanese as their chiefs were gone to the Illinois.
Remark. Already known. That about 10 of the
Caenawagas belonging to our army had deserted us
in order to war against the Flat Heads. A return de
manded from the Commanding Officer of the Number
of men capable of carrying 30 days Provisions to
march near 200 miles and return — Given in Numbers
 . Extraordinary Thunder & Lightning this night
with heavy rain. By the Intelligence of a Jibbeway
arrived this day who had been lately from the Shaw
anese Castles (but lately from the River de Miamis)
that he did not understand from them the least inten
tion they had of making Peace.
27th. Wind at N. East, the weather heavy. This
morning a Council of Warriors held at Head Quarters,
present the Commanding officers of Corps, with regard
to an attempt being immediately made on the castles
of the Delawares & Shawanese Situated on the Plains
of Scioto and chiefly on the west side of that River.
The Guides were examined with regard to the Geog
raphy of the Country and upon duly enquiring into
every particular circumstance relative to such an under
taking they were unanimously agreed to attempt it

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 301
but that they thought the success was very doubtful
from the great distance &c, the Impracticability of the
Rout which is esteemed half very bad & half pretty
good road, 3 rivers to ford, the Scioto River breast
high and one to Raft, very wide across that 40 days
Provisions was absolutely the least each man ought to
carry as the Distance computed on an average from
the Guides was 225 miles to go and the same to return.
Four Long Boats sent off for the Hurons and prisoners
to the opposite side of this Lake. Two Long Boats
one of which a Gun Boat detached to the Point of the
Lake with a Captain of the 8o,h two subalterns and 20
men to fire a gun in case any vessel arrives either from
Detroit or Fort Erie and to be answered from our
Encampment to proceed thither in order to unload her
with Provisions sufficient for the present occasion of
the Troops. Several Barrels of Flour found damaged
from the Extraordinary rains fallen of late. The two
long boats sent up to the Sandusky River to hasten
the return of the Indians, arrived this morning and
brought several in them. A Grand Council held with
the Indians at Head Quarters. Returned the 4 Boats
and brought 102 Wiandots and one Prisoner (Boy)
who came all on horses. Remark — The Jennessees
sent off the Belts now a Fact, amongst the Seneca
Nations on the Ohio &c during the Congress held at
Niagara. The attempt of the main body of the Troops
attacking the villages on Scioto set aside.
28th. The Field officer & 250 men ordered yes
terday embarked & set sail at 7 o'clock this morning.
Col Bradstreet demanded of the 6 Nations with us, to
join a small party of our Troops & some Ottawas now
present to immediately proceed and attack some of the
Ennemies settlements on the Ohio, which they de
clined saying " that they were sent out to make Peace."
Set out this day Assarrigoa, chief of the Caenawagas
and a Shawanese with 4 of the 6 Nations to receive
the 12 victims from the Ennemy nations. Chief of the
Hurons of Loretto died. Remark — From an Excellent

302 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
computation corroborated by several courieurs du bois
and voyageurs that 10.000 Indians can assemble in 3
weeks at Detroit provided they have notice consisting
chiefly of Jibbeways. Returned the Field officers
party and 12 long boats, no vessel discovered.
29th. Buried the Huron Chief. A Court of Enquiry
held this day to enquire of the 2 Indian Captives what
orders Sir Wm Johnson had given the Chiefs of the 5
Nations with regard to Peace or War with the Indians.
Answer, to make peace with all those that shall offer
it and comply with the same terms proposed them by
Col Bradstreet if not to carry on the war against them.
A council held with the Chiefs of the 5 Nations who
declared the above. A Gale of Wind at S.E. arrived
a boat from the Schooner of her arrival off La petite
Isle loaded with 145 Barrels of Provisions, which with
what we have in Camp makes 16 days Flour and 21
of Pork.
30th. A Gale of wind at S.E and a great sea. On a
survey of Provisions brought on the boats 3000 lbs
weight of Flour was condemned exclusive of yesterdays
return. Three Huron warriors arrived on horseback
Express. Three Rockets thrown this Night from Le
Point du Lac by the Detachment commanded by the
Captain of the 8o'h Supposed on discovering a vessel
{from Niagara. This night was very stormy. Remark.
The Strength of the English seems long to have de
pended on the Discord reigning amongst the Savages
and must, provided the same measures are pursued
by us.
October 1". Arrived an officer of the 46th Express
from Niagara in the Sloop with Dispatches from the
Commander in Chief to Col Bradstreet. The vessel
loaded with Provisions 40 Barrels Pork and 260 Flour.
Returned the Indian dispatched to the Delawares by
the officer of the 8o'h who brought with him 2 Dela
ware Chiefs Kill Buck and another who were heard and
sent back again yesterday. The Captain of the 8o'h
was relieved by the Captain Lieftenant of the same

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 303
Reg1 and Number of men at the Fort du Lac. This
day was held a General Court Martial.
2nd October 1764. A council held with the Hurons of
..Sandusky. Detach' of 250 men commanded by afield
officer & officers in proportion to unload & Ballast the
2 vessels which are to proceed directly after for Fort
Erie for Provisions for Detroit. This day 70 Sick
officers & men were sent to Niagara on board the
vessels. Twelve Indians returning home from yester
days hunt with 14 deer, Turkies, Geese, Ducks &c.
Result of the Day's Council, with the Hurons, rejected
the Belts & advised them to reflect till tomorrow for
words alone were not sufficient without further proofs
of their sincerity. Wind at E' Quarter Guards of
the Camp covered with Breastworks and surrounded
with Abbatis.
3rd Wind still at East. Came in an Express from
the Vessels that they were unloaded & ready to sail.
Arrived Assarrigoa, Chief of the Caenawagas who did
not proceed further than the Upper Huron Castle as
Expresses constantly came in there with accounts that
the Troops under the Command of Colonel Bouquet
were on their march & by the last courier but about
40 miles from a Delaware Town. A Council held this
Day wherein the chiefs of the 6 Nations gave the Hu
rons a Belt as brethren now serving under the same
King. A Court of Enquiry held to enquire into the
Treatment Cap' Morris of the 1 7th met with on the
Miamis river from Thomas King an Oneyda Chief.
One of his escort just arrived from thence which court
I attended and took the minutes of. This night the 6
Nations agreed to take up the Hatchet immediately
against the Delawares & Shawanese. Understood that
the 6 Nations had they Canoes would have returned
home long since being too far and too late to proceed
home by land. Four hundred Indians now encamped
with us of different nations & tribes, at one ration & \
each. Indians successful in their Hunting. Died &
was buried one of the warriors of the 6 Nations.

304 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
4th. Six nations doubtful whether they would take
up the Hatchet against the Delawares & Shawanese.
A Party proposed to act against them consisting
chiefly of Regulars to consist of 200 men besides In
dians and to proceed at 12 o'clock this night. Coun
termanded, as the 6 nations were wavering. A Detroit
Huron and some Jibbeways took up the Hatchet
against our Ennemies and sung the War Dance daring
the 6 Nations to follow them. This evening returned
the Major and his Detachment from unloading the
vessels, brought with them this Trip 140 Barrels of
Provisions, some of the Flour damaged, wet weather,
winds variable. This night a Gale of wind rose at
E.S.E' with a swell, obliged to hawl up our Boat.
Reason the Chief of the 6 Nations gave for not im
mediately taking up the Hatchet was, as they had
made peace with the upper Nations they must draw
blood first and show them the Example.
5th A Long boat lost by last nights storm. This
morning went a Boat off with a party of Hurons of
Sandusky for them to remove their effects and aban
don their settlement in order to join the Hurons of
Detroit. At the same time set off a Detachment in
2 long Boats to attack some straggling Indians. Or
ders sent for the Sloop to set sail. A Canoe dis
patched Express to Detroit for a party of these In
dians to strike immediately against the Shawanese &
Delawares. A Council held this afternoon with the
6 Nations, Col Bradstreet present, wherein they re
fused to strike the Delawares & Shawanese, particu
larly the latter, saying they were sprung from Onan-
daga.' The Camp falling sickly very fast. Wind at
NE & heavy weather, the Breeze rather fresh. Re
mark—from good intelligence, why the Indians more
numerous last Spring was on account of 1500 Jibbe
ways having gone to war against the Sioux.
6th. went off a Captain of the 17th with Col Brad-
street's Dispatches to the Commander in Chief. Set
Sail 6 Boats with a Captain & 400 men Light Infan-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 305
try for Provisions left disembarked at Le point du Lac.
Number of Sick since last return 70. Some Indians
& captives embarked on board the Schooner Victory
ordered to sail for Fort. Erie. Deserted 4 Mohawks
from the Scouting party that went off yesterday morn
ing under pretence that the party were not gone to
war but to treat. Went off a Boat with the Dispatches
to the vessels & another to the opposite side of the
Lake for the 4 Mohawks. Returned the Captain's
Detachment of Light Infantry with the Provisions.
Also returned to camp the Captain & his party of the
8o'h from Le Point du Lac and the 2 Long boats
Express and otherwise. Great disputes with the Pro
vincial Battalions with regard to Rank and Seniority
of Commissary, terms of Service &c &c.
7th. By the Behaviour of the 6 Nations in General
now with us, I sincerely apprehend them to be the
greatest Ennemies to his Brittanic Majesty in North
America. _ By the bad package of the Flour vast quan-
titys have' perished. Wind at NW, very high, very
fresh, in flurries, weather Squally. Leaves begin to
fall. This day returned the long Boats sent off yes
terday to the vessel with provisions which sailed this
morning. A hard Gale at N W and the weather rather
cold. Return of Provisions this day for 2000 men.
Ffour 25 days — Pork 17 days. Flour Barrels at 200
lbs weight & Pork 190 allowing it all to be good.
Remark — From the very best authority 3330 Indians
can assemble whenever they please at Sandusky or
found 100 miles to the northward of it in 10 days.
Great quantity of the Flour & Pork found repacked.
8th. A Survey of Provisions held. A Return of the
Number & State of the Boats taken. A Gale of wind
at S.E and a great sea. number of Long Boats pres
ent fit to put to sea  . A Soldier of 55th Reg' by-
accident had his brains blown out.
October gth. A General Court Martial held this Day.
Wind at N W fresh. Two long Boats sent across this
Lake to wait the return of the scouting party. Re-

306 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
turned without meeting them. The General Court
Martial dissolved. Indians very successful in their
hunting. Several men yet swelled up prodigously
both by touching & burning the poison Vine.
io'\ A long Boat sent off at Daylight this morning
to the river Poisson D'ore to discover the out scout
which returned without seeing them. Wind at N.
West and hot weather, Two Boats sent out to Dis
cover the return of the Scout, that from the Bottom
of the Lake returned this night without perceiving any
one, as also the one sent to where the Fort stood.
6 Caenawagas missing. Answer from the chiefs that
they were gone to see their friends at the Plains of
Scioto and so to war against the Flat heads. A
Council held by desire of the 6 nations. I began pro
tracting the Draught of the South Coast of Lake Erie
to a scale of 2 miles to an inch with the Rout, Encamp
ment &c &c.
11* Boats went to discover the Scout. This day
returned unsuccessfull. This afternoon a" Boat was
dispatched to the Westward of River Poisson d'ore
and brought over an Indian officer & 4 Indians of the
Scout with a Flathead an adopted Indian of Onan-
daga belonging to this Encampment, which they
brought Prisoner suspecting he had carried intelli
gence to that Delaware settlement, The scout went to
cut off. This Express brought account that the party
was on their Return the cabins being abandoned, they
met 2 Hurons on Horseback who acquainted them
that the Delawares had run off 4 days, having re
ceived advices from the 6 Nations encamped now
with us of our Design. The water of this Lake fallen
one foot perpendicular. Wind fresh at N.W. Survey
of the Provisions finished.
12th. A smart white frost this morning. An armed
long boat dispatched for to receive the party where
the old Fort Stood expected in this day. Strength of
our troops present 1400 besides 200 Indians. The
Boat returned with the Scouting Party on board —

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 307
R-emark — They were within 2 miles of the Cabbins
when they met with 2 Hurons who advised them to
return which they thought a sufficient Excuse. Wind
at W. weather clear. Council held again by desire
of the 6 Nations to immediately return home, as the
season being too far advanced for service.
^ 13th. Wind at West and fine weather. Arrived a
Canoe with an Interpreter and 9 Ottawas, Hurons &
Jibbeways from Detroit and Saguinau to. war against
the Shawanese & Delawares with advice that the rest
would be here by the morrow. Arrived an Onondaga
Indian and another that were sent by Col Bradstreet
from Presque Isle to Fort Pitt. They returned by
the way of the Delaware & Shawanese Towns &
brought in a Cherokee's Scalp, given them. They
brought dispatches from Col Bouquet of the 2nd of
October from Fort Pitt, with his Intentions of attacking
the villages #of Tuscaroras & Muskingum on the Mus
kingum River. Arrived a Jibbeway one of the 3 of
the party of Andrew the Huron that left the Scout
when they arrived near the village called Scawnongon
they discovered a Delaware and did not kill him. The
Delaware told them if they came at war they were mis
taken as peace was making, upon which this Indian
was dispatched and the other 2 Continued to the Town
for confirmation. This village according to this
Indian's travelling is about 240 miles from this Camp.
Indians successfull in their hunting. Great quantities
of damaged Provisions was embarked and thrown into
the lake. Remark. The Onondaga Indian found a
white man's head unscalped & just killed, fixed on a
stick in the middle of the Path from Fort Pitt to this
Place (to denote that the road was barred). That the
Delaware Cabins where Mohican John lives were
abandoned from the Intelligence sent them by the 6
Nations on the day of our arrival at the old Fort of
Sandusky. 14*. Winds at S. W. the fore part of the day and
Easterly the Remainder. Weather very fine and clear.

o

08 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.

An armed long boat sent to the carrying place to dis
cover the arrival of the Remainder of the Indian
Warriors from Detroit. Arrived a canoe with Tobacco
&c from the Illinois & lastly from Detroit, to dispose
off to the Troops. Great quantities of Game of almost
every kind brought in. Camp not extraordinary healthy,
subject chiefly to fluxes, some agues, each attended
with Fevers. An Indian confirmed—this day, what I
before remarked in this Journal with regard to the de
signs of the Ennemy who was present when the plot was
laid which was as follows — That on our arrival at San
dusky, that 300 picked men should promiscuously join us
in order to treat with us at Sandusky, each armed with
either Tomahawk or scalping knife, that they should
encamp on our right & left according to our usual
custom of encamping Indians when with us — that they
were to dance every night, that 400 others armed with
spears were to be near at hand & when, they should
find us least on our guard they were to Tomahawk us,
seconded by those without. Council held this day
with the 6 nations & upper Nations wherein matters
were explained by Colonel Bradstreet with regard to
the present situation of affairs between us & the Del
awares & Shawanese & the little or no dependance to
be put in their treaties, of their having broke their
Peace by scalping & taking prisoners off of our Fron
tiers, since they had concluded Peace with us Aug'
12th 1764. Arrived a woman and a Girl, prisoners,
that had ran away from the Shawanese in 6 days, they
alleged that 200 Prisoners belonging to us, were in
one of the Shawanese Towns now collected, they were
almost famished. Compleated my plans of the South
Side of Lake Erie as far as the mouth of the Lake of
Sandusky. Arrived some of our own Indians from the
Hunt. Remarks — That 'tis plainly discovered, the 6
Nations are at the Bottom of this war, even the faith
ful Thomas King an Oneyda Chief is now in possession
of a French Flag given him by the Miamis when he
was t'other day there which account he never asserted

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 309
in the Deposition he gave, accompanied with a large
carrot of Tobacco, a piece of which each nation chief
was to smoke, that this Flag denoted an early arrival
of 60 or 70 Boats with French Troops expected by
the way of the Mississippi — that it should be a pro
tection to them to signify their Encampment whenever
it should be thought Expedient to attempt the massacre
of our Army. . That the Senecas have declared to the
Delawares & Shawanese to support themselves this
Campaign — that notwithstanding the Peace they had
concluded with us at Niagara they would give us a
blow when & where we least expect it — that the Del
awares & Shawanese must mark out a spot amongst
them to retire to in the Spring, as possibly they might
be over come by our numbers. Observation — that
Thomas King on his arrival here desired the Chiefs
of the 6 Nations would accept & deliver the Flag,
delivered him by Monsieur S' Vincent, to Co1 Brad
street, which they declined. Remark. This day
Monsieur Maisonville declared that on leaving the
Illinois a few days since, about 1200 Savages were
assembled at the Miamis River in order to give us
Battle which they proposed at La Roche de But where
commences the Rapids, 'twas agreed on in the follow
ing manner (if they could not succeed by Treachery)
to fall on us when we should be least on our Guard, to
wait, if not, until we disembarked & marched on to
the village where Pondiac chiefly resides, supposing
we should leave about 400 men to cover the Boats
Provisions &c — then to attack & to destroy the Boats
& soe by distress &c to overcome the main body. That
300 more were daily expected to join them — that had
any accident befallen our army to prevent their reach
ing Detroit (as so extensive navigation is hazardous
for so many Boats together) they proposed surprizing
that Post.
1 5th. Two Hurons arrived — that their villages were
removing according to agreement to Riviere de Loutre.
Arrived a party of Detroit Indians consisting of 9 to

3IO JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
war immediately against the Shawanese & Delawares.
Wind at S. W & fine weather. Many discoveries
made within these few days past of the disaffection of
the 6 Nations, insomuch that the Delawares & Shaw
anese &c declare openly that their safety's insured
while the 6 Nations keep well with the English. This
night at 9 o'clock set off the Detachment of Light In
fantry commanded by Major Daly consisting of 130
men, all Regulars in order to make the Savages this
day arrived imagine they were intended to act immedi
ately against the Ennemy whereas they are only
ordered to encamp concealed beyond Le Point du
Lac 12 miles from hence. The Party victualled for 7
Days. Great quantities of Game brought in by the
Indians. 1 6th. A Boat sent to the carrying place to wait the
arrival of 15 Powtawattamies from Detroit in order to
join the Warriors that arrived yesterday. Wind S. W,
weather very fine. From the advices received from the
Illinois of the Disposition of the Savages not less than
3000 Picked men should be sent to take Possession of
that country but to insure success no other allies
should be accepted of. This afternoon a Council was
held, all the Indians of the different nations present
' with a Fire in the centre in which Co1 Bradstreet made
the Oneyda chief fix the French Colours till they were
consumed. The great War Chief of the Ottawas ha
rangued the 6 Nations hoping they would follow the
Example of the Upper Nations having taken up the
Hatchet, against his Majesty'5 Ennemies. Six Caena
wagas Indians at Detroit when this party of Indians
of the upper Nation set off to carry on the war against
the Delawares & Shawanese, told them that 'twas a
deed they would repent, that they had lost their senses
going to war against their own Flesh and blood. By
the best advices being from undoubted authority a
Project was laid after the Council held at Ance aux
Feuilles that the Troops should encamp (if the 6 Na
tions could persuade Col Bradstreet to it) at this Carry-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 311
ing place in order to perpetrate (by the assistance of a
large body of the Ennemy) their black design in the Mas
sacre of our Troops when least on our Guard. From
the apparent good Disposition of the Savages of the
Upper nation provided they are properly treated with
at Detroit they will in every respect answer our pur
pose they having naturally an aversion to the Dela
wares & Shawanese and even J of the Expence of
this campaign in this district only would be (properly
managed in Presents) sufficient to extirpate the whole
race of our present savage ennemies.
October 17th 1764. The Chiefs of the 6 Nations
being sent to for 2 Men to carry Dispatches to Fort
Pitt, refused saying their people were all sick having
100 and odd now encamped with an imperfect health.
a council held this morning with the Party now ready
to proceed. Wind at S. W wet weather. At One
o'clock this afternoon was dispatched two Birch Canoes
of Caenawagas Indians under the Direction of an
Indian Officer of the Canadians Total 25 to attack
the Delawares. Arrived 2 Hurons from the Upper
Wiandot Village, upon their arrival in our village in
our Camp the 6 Nations immediately spread a report
that an Express had arrived in the Wiandot Village
that Co1 Bouquet had made peace with the Delawares
& Shawanese in order to prevent the young warriors
of the upper nations to proceed and to recall the
Coenawagas set off this morning on a scalping party.
An armed long Boat dispatched to the carrying place
to discover the 15 Powtawattamies under the Direc
tion of a French Partisan from Detroit to join this
Party, returned without finding them. Remark. That
'tis evidently the Interest of the 6 Nations to have the
war Continued.
1 8th. This morning at \ past 8 o'clock the whole
decamped & embark'd for Niagara consisting of 1400
men besides 150 Indians — 59 Long Boats, one Barge
& 9 Birch Canoes. Wind at S. S. W. and fresh. At
10 o'clock was join'd by the Detach' of Light Infan-

312 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
try that set off the 15th at night. Continued this whole
day on Lake Erie passed by the Rivers Huron, Ver
million and Culiere and Encamped on a Sandy Beach
to the Westward one mile off the Riviere au Roche a
little after dark sometime after all the Boats except
one had arrived being about 8 o'clock the weather
moderate rather calm a surf set in on this Beach from
the N W. and that so suddenly as to entirely perish
25 of our long Boats or Galleys, damaging a great
quantity of our ammunition and provisions and wash
ing away great part of our baggage. Left at our last
Encampment the young warriors of the Hurons Otta
was, and Jibbeways of Detroit who were on the point
of proceeding against the Ennemy in 3 parties, one
against the Delawares and two against the Shawanese
which makes 4 parties from our Troops now intended
immediately to strike on the ennemy. During our
Distress our Savages never offered us the least assist
ance. Remark this unfortunate accident must be im
puted to the entire negligence of the Troops.
19th. A fall of slight snow and sleet mixed. Re
turns given in of the Number of Boats fit for service
and repairable ; also of the Provisions. Offered my
services this morning to Col Bradstreet to command
and conduct a party to Fort Pitt as provisions was so
scarce. The rout by the Portage from the River de
Seguein. Wind at N. W & a heavy surf. The Troops
employed in repairing the remainder of their Boats.
The Boat missing last Night arrived this morning &
immediately proceeded into River de Roches Parties
sentto collect Baggage Provisions &c along shore. At
12 o'clock this night we buried our guns 6 Light Brass
6 Pounders the Boats being rendered incapable of
carrying them. This afternoon an Indian Officer, 2
White men & 3 Savages were detached Express to
Fort Erie in a Birch Canoe with orders for 2 Batteaux
loaded & with Provisions to meet us as soon as possi
ble. 20,h— 115 of our Savages continued their Rout this

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 313
morning by land in order to lighten our Boats — they
are directed to meet us at Grand Riviere and each
supplied with a Pound of Powder and proportion of
Ball. Wind at W. N. W attended with a great surf.
Parties employed in repairing their Boats. At 3
o'clock this afternoon the whole proceeded into the
River de Roches excepting 5 Boats that continued
their Rout without orders, as some of the 5 Boats be
longed to the 80th and not having more than their full
compliment of Provisions and their Compliment of
men, the remainder were ordered immediately to march
along the Lake to overtake them. This night blew
a violent Gale of wind at South. The mouth of this
River very difficult to enter and strangely altered the
waters having surprisingly fallen. The Great advan
tage that would chiefly accrue from Re-establishing
the several Posts on these Lakes, lately taken by the
Ennemy would be the dividing the Savages from hav
ing only one or two General Rendezvous, or markets
for their Furs, the Indians would all Resort to it which
might be dangerous, whereas having many, provided
the communication could be kept up, prevent their
having any general councils which naturally ever tend
to subvert our measures, another service several
posts would create — the gaining the Intelligence of
any general design of those savages that are ill dis
posed. 2 Ist. The parties employ'd as before in repairing their
Boats, some of which can hardly be kept afloat from the
Damage received. In the mouth of the River made a
Dam to contain the water in the River as the water
had fallen 18 inches perpendicular since last night,
also cleared the Channel for the Boats. At 12 o'clock
opened the Dam and all the Boats proceeded being 36
in number and arrived at the River de Seguein at 2
o'clock. This afternoon a strong Detachment of the
Troops under the Command of a Field officer were
obliged to march out of it for want of sufficient room
in the Boats. Found the entrance of this river en-

314 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
tirely changed by the violent gales of wind shifting the
Sandy Bars & Banks & extremely dangerous to enter
at a strong N.W wind. Wind this day at S.S.W.
blowing a perfect gale but an off shore wind making
smooth water and the only secure weather excepting
calms for boats to navigate these Lakes on the South
Side. Obliged from the scarcity of our Boats secretly
to bury on the Point several Keggs & Boxes of mus
ket and carabine Ball.
22nd. At 7 o'clock a detachment of 380 men with 2
days provisions marched off for the River au Biche
and if they should not find our Boats there to con
tinue their Rout to Grande River as per written In
structions. At 8 o'clock this morning Continued our
Rout (the same Number of Boats). The wind mod
erate at S.W but a heavy swell. Some time after we
had sailed the wind rose at W.N.W. a smart Gale &
a high sea which the Boats withstood surprisingly.
Attempted to disembark on a Sandy Beach but found
it not practicable being in danger every instant of fill
ing by a prodigious surf, could not enter into the
River au Biche so were obliged to keep the sea and
push for Grande River which we reached about 2
o'clock and entered it in a high surf the wind & waves
encreasing. the rear then 10 miles long but fortunately
reached their Port in an hour. A Ranger detachment
back to the River au Biche returned without meeting
the party, at 5 o'clock this afternoon marched off a
field officer and the same number of men as before.
A violent storm all this night blowing from the N.
West. This is the only River between Fort Erie and
Sandusky that can be depended on for safety when
the Gale sets in this shore & at this season. This
River has an Entrance at this season of about 50 feet
wide but about 10 feet deep at the Gut.
23rd The weather very tempestuous. Wind at NW
attended with Showers of melted Snow and Hail.
Several water spouts observed in the Lake. I went
up the Grande Riviere or Cayahaga creek to discover

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 3 1 5
how far it was navigable, found it so far 5 miles for a
barge at a place called le petit rapide. Arrived the
party that marched from the River de Sequien, several
parties went a hunting, returned without success.
Learnt that Huron Savages sent a hunting to meet us
here are still behind.
24th — Two men from the 6o'h Deserted. Went up
the Creek & made a Draught of it (with the Bearings
& distances) to the Rapids. A Storm at N.W with
Sleet. The afternoon moderate and the sea sufficiently
lulled to proceed but could not being too far advanced
in the Day to reach the River de Debouillie. Parties
went a hunting not very successful. Some few sav
ages arrived from their Hunt to this River the ap
pointed Rendezvous and upon their arrival were
obliged to furnish them with provisions notwithstand
ing our scarcity they having been unsucessful in hunt
ing and having many of their people sick. Drew out
Seines, found nothing. Remark — Waters rise & fall,
as the wind sets either off or on shore.
25th. Thirty Eight Barrels of Flour & 24 of Pork
only remaining for victualling all the Troops & Sav
ages now present. A Detachment of 80 more york-
ers continued Rout by Land. Some of our Indians
arrived waiting provision having left the rest of the
party encamped up this River, but sickly. This morn
ing for the most part wind at NW violent, attended
with a heavy surf. The remainder of the morning
calm, but between 1 and 2 in the afternoon the wind
blew suddenly fresh at S.W, a perfect hurricane for 2
Hours & \ which beat down the swell somewhat &
ended in an entire calm and at 5 o'clock, in an Instant
blew a storm again at NW, hardly able to keep our
tents standing being chiefly pitched on a sandy beach.
Parties went a hunting and others in collecting wild
roots and vegetables. One of the Indian Birch Ca
noes put to sea but was obliged to return. This
squally weather accompanied with Snow Rain and
Hail. This Beech very black.

316 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
261!1 October 1764. Another of our long Boats con
demned belonging to the company of Light Infantry
of the Yorkers. That Company immediately ordered
to march. A Storm at NW with an immense high
sea, raising the water at the mouth of this River in i of
an Inch of Ice. Weather very cold and bleak. The
parties not very successful hunting on account of their
numbers. The Indians shot this day 3 Elks. The
woodland in this neighborhood very fertile on both
sides of the River and in the Depths abounding with
stately tree Timber. Great scarcity of Fish after sev
eral attempts with the Seine. Deserted 3 men from
the Jersey Battalion.
27th. A storm at N.WT. and a great sea running with
out. The Army now commencing \ allowance this
day. Two days full allowance delivered out to the
whole for to last 4 days. Upon the nicest calculation
of our present state of Provisions there is 19 days
flour & 14 days Pork at 8 ounces of Flour & 5 oz of
Pork for each man for 1000 men not including the
party of near 500 men detached towards & now sup
posed to be without a morsel of Provisions. Powder
again delivered to the Indians who tho' ever so suc
cessful in their hunting never give the least assistance
to the Troops. NB. no allowance made for damaged
Provision in this calculation. A Serjeant missing from
the Jersey Troops.
28*. The Gale still Continueing at about West
by North. 50 men consisting of the Battalions of
Jersey & Canada set off through the woods to make
the best of their way to Fort Erie, a Schooner was
this morning discovered clawing off the Land by her
course bound to Detroit, she was close reefed and
within 3 or 4 leagues from the Shore. Being so much
distressed for Provision made several signals to bring
her too, by Firing 3 volleys of Musketry, of 100 men,
making smokes, and Hoisting colours on the Tops of
Trees, the distance being very great & I suppose our
Signals unobserved, she continued her course. The

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 317
waves so high we could not venture a boat to sea,
notwithstanding our distress for Provisions. Remark.
In the 2 last vessels that brought us Provisions at
Sandusky 60 Barrels were Condemned. One man
deserted from the 46th Detachment. This night the
Huts of the Detachment of the 60* took Fire and con
sumed them with some of their arms which discharged
in the Flames. That part of the Troops encamped
over this River decamped and encamped on the West
side. 29"1 October. The storm still continuing. Wind at
nw' with a great sea. Remark — that while the surf
beats in on the shore its a Maxim with voyagers that
the wind is expected always from the Lake in a short
time though it should at that time blow a gale at the
opposite quarter. Two men suffered greatly by the
falling of a Tree. A Canoe with Canadians attempted
to put to sea, but could not withstand it, so returned
with difficulty.
30*. At 7 o'clock this morning the whole proceeded,
the wind at S.S.W. The N.W swell continuing. At
1 2 o'clock, the swell encreasing, put ashore and hauled
up our Boats, the weather threatening and our Rear
as usual very long (generally 6 miles). The weather ap
pearing more favourable and the surf abating launched
our Boats & embarked & arrived this night at the
River de D'Ebouillie, not capable at this season of
admitting even a light Batteaux. Encamped on the
East side of the River upon a most excellent Beach
and protected by an outer shoal thrown up by the
North Westers. In short the navigation of this Lake
cannot be depended on above 5 months in the year.
31s'. At daylight continued on our Rout. Took up
a lame man on the border of the Lake belonging to
the last detachment party. The weather calm till
about 1 o'clock, at which time a N East wind sprung
up with a great sea, which obliged us to put on shore.
At the River de Villejoin which we succeeded in but
with great difficulty hauled up our Boats on that

318 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Beach the Channel of the River being barred up by an
Extensive shoal over which the water Breaks. En
camped here. The Boats in general were but faintly
rowed the Troops being so straightened for provisions
and became weak. Two men of the 8o'h poisoned by
eating a root resembling that of the parsnip one of
which immediately died. An excellent hunting coun
try fertile and well Timbered with Beechwood &c
Officers & Soldiers greatly distressed for want of the
necessary refreshments of Life. All the Troops having
been detained much longer than intended or ever
ought to be in such a boisterous and severe season
and so far from any relief Nine Boats wanting sup
posed to have been obliged to make the shore earlier.
November 3rd 1764. At 6 o'clock this morning the
whole proceeded. The wind at S. W with a tum
bling sea and at 8 o'clock reached the Rapids, laid on
our oars and drove down the stream waiting for the
remainder of the Boats fearing lest they should miss
the Channel on ace' of the Falls. Found 3 Long
Boats which had pushed for the river in the night.
At 1 1 o'clock arrived at Little Niagara & encamped.
The works at Fort Erie ordered by Co1 Bradstreet to
be discontinued from this day being nearly compleated
except the wharf, for the vessels.
4th. The regular Troops decamped and marched
from this place to Niagara with their Baggage (The
Provincials and Canadians &c still remaining) Part
encamped on the Glacis and part into the Barracks
of the Fort. Arrived the Schooner and the Snow
Johnson from Ontario the latter (that was laid up)
was refitted and put to sea on account of the loss of
the Mohawk (drove to pieces) in a gale of wind in
the harbour of Ontario. At present at anchor here
3 vessels. This day was got over the Portage 1 of
the Long Boats. Some Oxen killed for the Troops.
Wind blowing hard at N E with Snow but as soon
dissolved. 5th. Received orders for Examining into the sundry

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 319
repairs wanting to the Barracks for the present found
them neither wind or weather tight. Examined the
Stone Powder Magazine which is very damp having a
creek the whole length of the center of the arch its
situation is remarkably bad on account of fire and in
my opinion the Garrison is in great danger from it.
A court of Enquiry held with regard to the draughting
the 8o'h into the 46th Regiment in order to know what
men are entitled to their discharges &c. Wind N. E.
6th. The men of the 8o'h Reg' draughted into the
46th. Wind at N E blowing a Gale of wind, lulled in
the evening & then sprung up to the westward of
North. 7th. Wind at S. W'. Parties employed in bringing
some Long Boats over the carrying Places.
8th. Orders given for the Troops to embark on
board the 3 vessels with Co1 Bradstreet for Ontario
the Provincials Canadians &c to proceed in the Long
Boats & Batteaux. This evening deserted from the
46* — seventeen of the draughted from the 80th Regi
ment with 3 Seneca Indians for their Guides. Four
teen days provisions embarked on board the vessels for
Ontario. The wind all this day blowing fresh at N.
W. Five of the long Boats now got over the carry
ing place together with the Batteaux at this place
destined to transport the Provincials & Canadians to
their Winter Quarters. Directions given to the Assis
tant Engineer, left at Niagara with regard to building
a large storehouse at Little Niagara and enlarging the
Post. 9th. At 10 o'clock this day Co1 Bradstreet and the
regular troops consisting of the Detachments of the
55th 6o'h and Royal Artillery with the 8o'h Regiment
& some Indians embarked on board the snow, Sloop
and Schooner and Set sail for Ontario, the wind at N
West but soon failed. Early this morning Silverheels,
a Seneca with 6 more Indians were dispatched by
Co1 Bradstreet in pursuit of the Deserters and to
bring them in dead or alive, at the same time sent a

320 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
string of wampum to the Senecas Castles to acquaint
them therewith and not to suffer them to shelter them
selves there upon penalty of breaking their peace, on
the contrary to apprehend and deliver them up to us
immediately. io'h. Wind blowing hard at E S. E till io o'clock
this morning, with a very high sea, we could not lay
our course, and losing ground every Tack we put
about before the wind & bore away for Niagara.
The wind shifting from N to South and being impos
sible to enter the River of Niagara after having bore
away 15 miles we pursued our Rout for Ontario. The
weather turned Calm accompanied with a very tum
bling sea the Major part of the day, in the Evening
the wind sprung up very fresh at E. N. East and con
tinued so with a great swell all this night. Observed
one of our Long Boats under the Land, supposed to
be some of the Provincials returning to Ontario.
IIth. At 2 o'clock this morning a Breeze sprung up
at S. East at 4 rather fresh at S S. East & con
tinued on that Quarter till 9 o'cl'k attended with
rain but not very cold. At 9 the wind veered to the
W. of South, the Sky clearing up, still very fresh (a 9
knot gale) which lasted till about one when it began
to blow very hard at west & 3 vessels running 10
knots with a very high sea, carried away our Gaff,
however at 5 o'clock this evening being very near dark,
arrived within the River Oswego in a very high Surf,
not without striking the Bar several times and remaining
on it, till by dint of some fortunate Seas that threw us
into the River on our arrival found the snow Johnson
(which run in I of an hour before us) cast away at the
E' side of the mouth of the River having lost her Rud
der, but the lives saved, in \ an hour after arrived the
Schooner which shared the same fate of our vessel in
beating on the Bar though her entrance into the River
was much facilitated as the Wind had got to W N
West. The Troops disembarked and the utmost dil
igence was used both by them and those of the Gar-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 32 1
rison to preserve the vessel and Baggage &c. All
this night a perfect Tempest with a snow drift, the
wind chiefly N. W and extremely cold. Remark-
by the violence of the Wind and waves in this season,
the Impropriety of Navigating these Lakes is plainly
demonstrated from repeated Instances.
12th. Set off from Fort Ontario.
19th. Arrived at Schnectady and this night reached
Albany. 20th. Engaged a Sloop for New York.
21s'. Received Co1 Bradstreet's dispatches for the
Comm' in Chief at New York.
22nd. Set Sail in a Sloop from Albany for New
York. 23rd. November. Arrived at New York in 26 Hours
from Albany. Waited on the Comm' in Chief and de
livered the Dispatches from Colonel Bradstreet.
December 6th. Arrived Major Small from the South
ward with advices of the Cessation of Arms and deliv
ering up of the Prisoners in Consequence of their
Operations carried on in the Delaware and Shawa
nese country on the River Ohio.
7th. Arrived the Packet Captain Goddard from Fal
mouth. Received orders from Captain Gordon Chief
Engineer to make a Report of the present state of the
several Posts in the Western District.
9th. Orders this day Major General Gage appointed
Commander in Chief, General Amherst resigned.
Distance, Rout and Time, the Troops took under the
Command of Colonel Bradstreet, from the rapids
or Discharge of Lake Erie to the Fort at Detroit,
making a circuit of the whole Lake by the Miamis.
To Point Aubnau  2 Hours.
River Sable  6 " .
Ance aux Feuilles  4! "
River Chatacouan  3\ "
Sandy Cove  7\ " .
21

. . distance 9

miles

.. do

27

((

a

27

<i

tt

15

tt

(t

37

tt

322 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.

Presqu' Isle  3 Hours.
Istmus  of
River Villejoin  2f " .
Grande Riviere  I ii "
River de Seguein  6 "
River de Roches  ii "
River a la Culiere  4i " .
River de Vermillion ... 2
River Huron passed by
Sandusky Lake  6
12 Mile Island  3}
Manitou Cove  1 j
Pointe aux Cedre  7
River aux Raisins  2\
To Detroit  10

>-\

85i

distance 1 2 miles

..

It

4 "

» .

ti

17 "

a
ii

63 "
36 "

. .

ti

7\ "

. ,

i t

21 "

tt

13 "

tt

26* "

tt
18 "
..
tt
34* "
. .
ft
iof "
. .
tt
A7\ "
4254
VIII.
Albany & New York. John Montresor's Journal
January 29th 1765.
1765 — On Tuesday January 29* the Hudson's
River was froze across so as Sleighs and people to
pass to the opposite side from New York. Employed
in assisting Cap' Henry Gordon Chief Engineer in
making a plan of part of North America shewing the
upper Lakes and Posts thereon together with the
several passes, Portages, Ranges of Mountains,
sources of Rivers, for the Marquis of Granby, Master
General of the Ordnance.
February 25th. Wrote to Cap' Schuyler to draw for
the payment of the Captain's last Expedition 629 £\2.
New York Currency on Rd Forman as per General's
JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 323
Direction. Drew a fair draught for the General of
Detroit and Environs with designs for its Improve
ment &c. Made a state of the Works of the Western
District for the Command' in Chief by order of the
Chief Engineer Captain Gordon. Directed by the
Com' in Chief to pay Col Bradstreet Capital as per
ace' presented to him.
March 4*. Directed by the Chief Engineer to make
an Estimate of the works necessary to be carried on,
Repairs &c at Detroit Fort, Erie, Niagara &c for the
present year, also an estimate for Number of Men,
Time, Materials and Expenses. Completed the
former and delivered it in this night the latter to be
got ready to proceed by the Packet.
5*. Directed this morning by Captain Gordon to
countermand Cap' Schuyler's Draught for the pay
ment of the Corps by the first opportunity, as he shall
protest the Bill.
7th. Received orders from Cap' Gordon to prepare
for to proceed to Detroit very soon.
lo'h. I finished the Estimate of this year's Expenses
for the Western District and presented it this Day.
The Com' in Chief declined sending me immediately
to Detroit on ace' of my health.
17th. Sailed the Grece — Cap' Chambers for Bristol,
Captain Williams Engineer Passenger by whom I
wrote to Lord Townsend and sent his Lordship a box
of Indian Curiosities. By whom went the new com
pleted plan of great part of N. America done by the
Engineers at New- York.
19th. Recd orders from Cap' Gordon to draw
another fair draught of Detroit and the Designs to it
for the General immediately.
22nd. A Fall of Snow of 8 Inches, wind at N. E &
weather moderate.-
23d. A meeting of Engineers to make an abstract
from the General Report for the West this year.
Finished it for the Com' in chief.

324 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
24th. A fall of Snow of 12 Inches deep. Wind at N.
E. arrived the Packet from Falmouth.
25th. Presented a Petition to the L'. Gov'" Mr
Colden for 3000 acres of Land on the west side of
Lake Champlain called Ligonier Point with Schuyler's
Island and les Isles de Quatres Vents the whole
amounting to 3000 acres.
27th. Applied to the Comm' in Chief for leave to
drink the Waters at Shrewsbury and the Yellow
Springs beyond Philadelphia for a few weeks to get
the better of my complaint in my Breast. Granted.
31s'. Wrote to Jn° Boddington Esq which sail'd this
day by the Brig Polly to London.
April Ist. Waited on the Comm' in Chief for his
Dispatches for the Southward. Waited on the Chief
Engineer. 2nd. Set off this afternoon for Philadelphia, crossed
the Ferry and arrived at the narrows on Long-Island.
3rd. Crossed the Ferry to Staaton Island from
thence by the North Blazing Star to another Ferry
and so to Wood-Bridge.
4th. Continued to Brunswick, crossed the Ferry,
passed Kingstown and arrived this night at Prince-
town. 5th. Proceeded to Trenton, crossed the River Dela
ware and arrived at Bristol.
6'h. Continued. Crossed the River Neshamony and
arrived at Philadelphia, 95 miles from New York.
i7'\ Set off from Philadelphia and crossed the
Ferry at Schuylkill.
18th. Arrived at the Yellow Springs, situated on a
Mountain in the township of Pikeland, Chester County
having Berks County between it and the Frontiers, it
is 32 miles from Philadelphia, 26 of which is in the
Lancaster road and the other 6 through a mountain
ous Country resembling the Highlands near New
York. 26th. Recd a letter from Sir Jeffrey Amherst of the
9th of Feb, from London.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 325
30th. Went to the Iron Works on French Creek.
May 4* 1765. Went to the River Schuylkill.
Heavy Rains from the beginning of the month.
9th. A Frost in the night both white and black which
blighted the clover Hickory &c &c. Heavy Rains.
io'h. A very backward spring, the trees not at
their full & the shrubs only commencing their foliage.
Left off fires this day for the first time.
13th. Received a letter from General Burton.
14*. Set off from the Yellow Springs for Phila
delphia and arrived at Moore Hall — 7 miles.
15*. Arrived at German-Town — Twenty miles.
1 6th. Arrived at Philadelphia.
1 8th. Rode to Springsborough.
19th. To Schuylkill Falls.
21s'. To the Banks of Schuylkill River, called the
Banks of P Sion.
27*. Set off from Philadelphia for Shrewsbury.
Crossed the Delaware at Dunk's Ferry — 16 miles and
four miles further reached Burlington.
28th. Set off this evening and put up 7 miles. Sandy
road. 29th. Continued and passed Crosswick Creek. 7
miles further then four miles to Allentown about \
mile out of town turned to the South Eastward to
Shrewsbury and put up at Lewis's near the Pines.
30th. Proceeded. Passed through Freehold in Mon
mouth County, also through Shrewsbury and arrived
at the Bleek Point, 33 Miles this day, in all 76 from
Philadelphia. June 3rd. Went to Deal from Bleek Point and so to
the Shore by the way of Shrewsbury and returned
making 27 miles.
4*. Went through Shrewsbury toward Tinton and
returned. 5th. A Storm at North East, with Rain.
7th. Went to Deal to remain.

326 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
15th. Set off for Amboy.
20th. Returned to Deal. From this time to the
12"1 of July through several parts of this East Jersey.
July 12th. Arrived at Bleek Point to remain for some
time. i3lh. A prodigious hot and sultry day. Wind at
West and this night scarce able to exist — very close
and cloudy and scarce a breath of air.
14th. Received a letter from Co1 Robert Ross of my
commission in the 48th being disposed of.
17th. Went to Middletown, to a remarkable fine
prospect and returned the same day — the road Sandy
— went by the way of Red Bank Ferry.
1 8th. Went to Shrewsbury from Bleek Point and
returned. 20th. Went to the Highlands of Neversink, one of
the most conspicuous Landfalls in North America, as
the Highlands of Hispotogen in Nova Scotia and
Mount Desert in the Bay of Fundy. An extraordinary
sultry hot and disagreeable night.
21s'. A prodigious Hot day the wind at W S W.
Embarked some of my baggage from Bleak Point to
New York and sent a servant. Passed by Garland
Man of war and came to an anchor on the Sea Bass
banks near opposite to Deal. This the Hottest day I
ever felt.
22nd. Went beyond Shrewsbury and returned to
Bleak Point.
28th. Set off from Newark and arrived at the P'saick
Falls, being 16 miles.
29th. Arrived at New York this night. Set off this
day from the P'saick Falls by the way of Hackensack
and continued to Bergen by a road on the top of a
mountain about 10 miles long and without a house, a
bad road as 'tis often gullied and too narrow for any
carriage but just those of the Boorish peasants that
herd there. In all 27 miles and Two Ferries.
August 2nd. This morning received some memoran
dums from Captain Gordon Chief Engineer for acting

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 327
in New York in his absence and this evening he set
sail for Albany for Detroit.
5th. Wrote to the Chief Engineer concerning Bills.
8th. Packed up the two Boxes of Indian Curiosities
and sent them on board the Elizabeth Cap" Hunter for
London, directed to Co1 James Montresor to the care
of Jn° Boddington Esq'. Came accounts that our
Illinois Express got safe to New Orleans by the
Mississippi. 9th. Arrived L' Hughes express to the Commander
in Chief here, with accounts of disputes arising in
Canada with regard to the Governors refusal of quar
antine of troops.
12th. Wrote to the Chief Engineer, concerning trans
acting his business here at New York for him.
14th. Mornings and evenings sensibly cooler. Setoff
for Springhill on Long Island and returned the 17th.
19th. Wrote to the Chief Engineer and to several
officers employed at the upper Posts. Came in
accounts of Co1 Croghan's being attacked and wounded
in going up the River Ouabash with presents to the
Illinois Indians, he being attacked by some disaffected
Miamis & Mascoutins. Major Smallman also
wounded, 2 Delaware Chiefs and some Shawanese
killed. 28th. Waited on the General and received his orders to
pass the Bills & pay them as presented to the present
time amounting to i50o£ sterling.
30th. Heavy thunder and Lightning struck the Town
in two places, split the mast of an Albany sloop,
moving down the River and killed one man.
September 3rd. Arrived the Ordnance transport with
Stores & the relief for the artillery, came Cap' Wil
liams Engineer passenger, disembarked the Troops
and marched them into the Fort.
4"1. Came accounts of Riots at New Port regarding
the Stamp act— pulling down of Houses &c.
5th. Advice of more riots at Boston regarding the
Stamp act. Pulling down and robbing the Lieu' Gov-

328 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
ernor, Register of the Admiralty and Comptroller's
Houses. This day the Commander in Chief sent for
me and requested of me to reconnoitre Fort George*
and examine its situation and defences and make
report for making it more respectable against any
intestine Insult as expected. Complied with his
Order 2 o'clock P M and completed and presented by
4 ; just two hours after together with a sketch and
return of Tools and materials from the Ordnance
store and brought into the Fort, the same night.
6th. Arrived Tools, Ammunition &c into the Fort.
The Governor requested of me to give him a copy
of the Report I gave to the Commander in Chief,
which I did for his private perusal. Excessive heat.
Farenheit — Thermometer 820 at Eight o'clock at night.
7th. Every precaution taking by the Commander in
Chief, the Lieu' Governor & Military Officers that is
the Artillery & myself for securing Fort George as a
receptacle for the Stamps.
8th. The Garland Ship of War, sent to the Narrows
and the Hawke to the Hook for the security of the
Stamps hourly expected. The officers of Artillery
very diligent in preparing the artillery and ammunition
on the works of Fort George.
9th. Presented some Bills to the General for his
approbation of payment. Passed them. Gave the
General a memorial for ,£1000 sterling to pay off the
bills due and others expected. Signified to the Gen
eral the necessity of Ordering plank of Oak, 3 inches
to be purchased and sent into the Fort 2000 feet
running. Neither agreed nor yet refused but un
determined. I urged the matter lest it should be
too late. The Howitzer from the Ordnance yard not
wanted — brought into the Fort and the useless Mortar
* Fort George was built by the Dutch about 1614. From i6i4to 1626
it was called Fort Manhattes, 1626 to 1664. Fort Amsterdam, 1664 to
1673, Fort James, 1673 to 1674, Wm. Hendrick, 1674 to 1689, Fort
James, 1689 to 1691 , Fort William, 1691 to 1702, Fort William Henry,
1702 to 1714, Fort Anne, ancl 1714 to 1783, Fort George. The fort
was demolished in 1788. (Valentine.)

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 329
fuses sent on board his Majesty's Ship the Coventry
now lying off the Ordnance Store House, for its pro
tection, as there now is in it 13.000 Stand of Arms &c.
io'h. Was sent for by the Comm' in Chief this after
noon directing me to proceed to morrow or next day
for Albany to examine the King's Store Houses &
Stabling &c to be disposed of by publick auction and
to build a Provision Store where Fort Orange or
Orannia stood — to sell one of the Soldiers Barracks
built in 1765, and to advertize the Same in the pub
lick Prints. Took my passage this evening in an Al
bany Sloop. My orders as usual verbal.
11th. Foul wind. The Comm' in Chiefs verbal orders
I committed to writing concerning what I was to do
and carry out at Albany. Shewed him a copy of the
advertisements. Approved of.
I2lh. Wind at N. West a Gale. Could not proceed
up the Hudson River.
1 3*. At 4 o'clock this afternoon set off for Albany,
notwithstanding the wind Northerly.
14*. Northerly winds till the afternoon & Southerly
wind springing up th° against the tide of ebb, reached
the Highlands and the tide of flood making in the
night, continued and came to anchor within 4 miles
of New Windsor where the old Glass house stood
now burnt down. (Remark) The flood rises iu this
River at Albany 3 feet and was to the Flats 4 miles to
the North in low waters.
I5,h. Weighed anchor about 9 o'clock this morning
— the tide of flood making — the wind light but foul
at due North — came to at 2 o'clock P M. Weighed
again at 6 o'clock — the wind fair but light — came to
at 10 — weighed in the night tide & by the morning were
only 20 miles to the Northwards of the Highlands.
Went on shore on the west side of the River— land
barren being a light sand and attended with a great
Drought. 1 6th. The tide making at 9 am— weighed— the wind
Northerly and came to an anchor at 3 o'clock P M

33O JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
off Staatsburgh. The water very fresh & fit for use
commencing about 12 miles to the northwards of the
Highlands. The lands after the barren Highlands are
very bad till very near Albany, on both sides of the
River except in Intervals. Albany fits out 25 Sloops
for the New York produce from thence, which they
transport is Boards, Wheat & Rye principally, these
Sloops are now become so numerous as to much
injure each other. Continued this night the tide mak
ing & come to an anchor before day light within 4
miles of the Manor of Livingston.
17th. Weighed anchor at 10 o'clock this morning —
the wind fair at South — and the tide opposite and
reached Albany at 4 o'clock this afternoon. Waited
on the mayor but he was gone to New York. Waited
on Colonel Bradstreet. Remark — When it is High
water at Sandy Hook it is at Albany and then it is
low water at Pollypull's Island the North of the
Highlands. 1 8th. The Mayor not being in town presented
the Commander in chiefs letter to the Recorder who
proposed this same day to direct a meeting of the
Corporation with regard to it and to let me know the
result. Wrote to the Commander in Chief relative to
my proceedings here. This evening desired to attend
the meeting of the Corporation — agreed by them —
that the Crown should have the Ground where Fort
Orange Stood for a store house conditionally that
the General would also give them leave to take down
the new pile of barracks or figure of H and rebuild it
to a good spot and near an excellent spring contiguous
to the Fort, all at their expence and the Mayor not
being present, must defer the point till the day of
the sale October 5th. Waited on Col Bradstreet who
refused me to interfere in his Department with regard
to the Storehouses, barracks and King's Stabling
being disposed of, as I had neither written instruction,
nor had he any direction from the Commander in Chief
to that Intent.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 33 1
19th. Began on the Survey of the Several public
Buildings. Wrote again to the Commander in Chief
regarding the result of the meeting of the Corporation.
20th. Dated my yesterday's letter to the Commander
in Chief the 20th. This letter with that to him of the
1 8th went this day on board an Albany Sloop for York.
Continued on the survey of the several publick
buildings. 21s'. Continued on my survey of the publick Build
ings. 22nd. Sunday— Waited on the Mayor, being an
swered from New York. Agreed to meet him again
the next morning.
23rd. Went to the Mayor's and acquainted him with
the result of the meeting of the Corporation (which I
attended) and requested his answer with regard to the
ground where Fort Orange stood for the proposed store
houses. Answer. That he should call his corporation
again to morrow afternoon and that he believed ever
should correspond to the satisfaction of the Com
mander in Chief — that when at York he had treated with
him on that subject and that with regard to the site of
the new pile of Barracks and the Provision store he
wished for the arrival of the Packet to determine it. I
read him my two letters to the Comm' in Chief
which he agreed corresponded with the Recorders
account to him of the purport of that meeting held the
1 8th Instant.'
September 24*. No account from the Mayor. Ex
amined the principal Provision Store and found it in
pretty good order & except the lower part which is
somewhat decayed through the humidity of the
Ground it being situated in the centre of the Street.
Accounts arrived of Pondiacs submission at Detroit,
also of the arrival of Mr. Crogan from the Miamis.
28th. Post day, but no letter from the General in
answer to mine he received. Nor in consequence of
the arrival of the Packet regarding the building the
new Provision Store and removing the old one.

332 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
29th. Waited on the Mayor to have the determinations
of their meetings of the corporations answers ; it end
ed as when I was present — for this — the new Barracks
stood on the Ground to be disposed of to make an
Equivalent for the ground where Fort Orange stood
purchased from the Elders of the Dutch church.
30"'. Called on Col Bradstreet to know whether he
had received any letters from the Comm' in Chief with
regard to delivering up the Store Houses and Barracks
to me. Answer in the Negative. But as I was a Publick
Officer he delivered them up to me notwithstanding,
excepting the stables on Matthew's Island & the wood
Magazine near Mr. Kilby's Provision Store. I ad
vised the Commissary of Stores (Mr. Wray) to remove
his Stores into the Provision Store for the Present as
there was no immediate prospect of its removal, at
least for this Winter, also for those belonging to the
Quarter M' General's Department to remain in the
said Store for the above reasons. Asked the Mayor
for the North gate Stone wall for the Intended Store
House Cellering.
October ist. On Col Bradstreets granting the above
I immediately placarded the advertisement both at
Albany and Schnechtady as directed the Town Cryer
to acquaint the publick therewith.
2nd. Great inconveniences arising by the disposal
of the waggon House on account of the several Gun
Carriages &c &c.
3rd. Recommended to the Commissary of Stores to
remove his Gun Carriages into the New pile of Bar
racks there not being room elsewhere. The Door
must then be enlarged for that purpose. Accounts to
Sir Wm Johnson that the reason of the Quicepous,
Mescoutins & other Illinois Indians firing on Mr
Croghens & killing the Shawanese Chiefs &c was
owing to Belts they had received from Monsieur
S' Ange commanding at Fort Chartres to prevent
that party reaching the Illinois which had its desired
effect. Finished the fair Draught of the old Barracks.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 333
4th October. Received a letter from the Comm' in
Chief dated Sept' 25th with his orders to admit the
Corporation to remove the Barracks at their own
cost^ when & where they pleased. I drew a fair plan,
Section & elevation of the old Barracks. Waited on
the Mayor & shewed him that paragraph of the Gen
eral's letter conserning the removal of the North pile
of Barracks & requested the necessary writings drawn
up, both with respect to it & also for the Ground
where Fort Orange stood, both to be in possession of
his Majesty as long as he shall think fit.
5th. According to the Comm' in Chief's orders I
sold by Publick vendue the Old Barracks, Waggon
House King's Stables in the upper Street and Old
Provision Shed near the water side, the whole amount
ing to the sum of (only) £101. 10. o New York cur
rency. Waited on Col Bradstreet & shewed him
General Gage's letter as per direction in the letter.
Received the General's written Instructions therein,
by desire of my letter to him. Was advised from un
doubted authority (Pr Schuyler from Mr Ten B — k)
that the carpenters propose converting the Barracks
(new Pile) to a poor House, work House and Hospi
tal looking upon it as altogether their own and that
when the Hospital will not sufficiently contain the
troops quartered in that place upon that emergency
shall lodge the remainder of them in it. I was in
formed that the Recorder had proposed to the Mayor
that at their publick meeting, Orders should be given
to the Sheriff to pull down the publick Buildings (on
yesterday Oct 4th) they being by them Indited all
which the mayor declared he would Gainsay. I
waited on the mayor that I might peruse the writings
drawn up regarding the replacing the North Pile of
Barracks before anything should take place. Agreed.
October 6th. Inquired of the Mayor whether the
Corporation would of themselves or anyways assist
us in the transporting the Provision Store (now
deemed a nuisance) to where Fort Orange stood.

334 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Also (once more) to grant us the Stone wall, part of
the enciente of the town forming a line with the
North gate, for the Cellaring of the Intended Store
house. The former agreed to as per a letter from the
Corporation to the General, and with regard to the
latter he should at the General Assembly at New York
make application for it, as it was originally a Province
Expense. That with respect to the North Pile of Bar
racks the Comm' in Chief had allowed the Corpora
tion to convert to their own use, to look upon it, as
their own provided it was removed and to quarter the
overplus of troops in it, that could not be contained in
the Hospital. Presented an obligation with regard to
them, which the Mayor deemed needless on the above
ace' that the Corporation had thought fit to have con
verted it, after it was rebuilt into a work House &c,
which he entirely opposed. That they propose re
moving it behind the Hospital, my advice then was
between the Fort & the Hospital which would also
add to the defence of the Town. Objected to on
account of Fire — that both the Lands where Fort
Orange stood & where the Barracks *****
***** 'Phg Stone wall at North Gate found
to be 332 feet long — three feet thick at bottom & 22
inches at top and 10 feet 6 inches thick at the river
and Nine feet at the Town.
8lh Drew a fair Draught of the Provision Store
from yesterdays Survey. Took a survey of the
ground where Fort Orange stood, together with the
slight remains of its old ruins & its environs, in order
to calculate the ground for the situation for the In
tended Provision Store. Waited on the mayor with
respect to the writings. Informed me the Corpora
tion would meet this evening. Was sent to by the
Corporation for a copy of that Paragraph of the Gen
eral's letter of the 25th of Sep' to me concerning the
removal of the New pile Barracks which I delivered.
Arrived Captain Sowers Engineer from his Excursion
to Canada sent to make report of Quebec &c &c.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 335
October 9th. Received from the mayor in writing the
Resolution of the Corporation & as he was going to
New York, 'twould be better I was there to confirm
matters, that he should present the General with the
writings and deeds in consequence of the resolution,
taken for his approbation.
10th. Sailed for New York in an Albany Sloop.
The winds variable — excessively squally — Held to our
combings & with difficulty righted, as we were loaded
with Horses badly fixed which made a very shifting
ballast. Remark — these Skippers never Ballast their
vessels. Another flaw — 6 feet of our bow under water
— Reached Claverce this night. Drove ashore owing
to the Flurry but got off in \ an hour.
11th. Sailed as far as the River Kaatskill — the wind
foul, went on shore up that river, weighed & continued
with light Northerly wind to Osopus. Weather Some
what cold.
12th. Strong North Easter — drove us to near Phillips
Manor — the weather rather cold.
13th. Arrived at New York this morning — Waited
on the General Sailed the Packet with Lord Adam
Gordon &c.
14th. Delivered to the Comm' in Chief the report
with an account of my proceedings at Albany, also the
Plans, Sections, and Elevations of the several publick
Buildings I had taken there, also the Estimate of
materials for the Intended Storehouse. General
thought fit that the large Storehouse should be re
built for the several Departments.
15th. Continued drawing my Designs for to be con
structed on the Ground where Fort Orange stood.
19*. Received a letter from the Commander in
Chief dated Ocober 7th by the return of the Albany
post, Requiring the estimate. Continued my designs
and estimates.
22nd. The Frigates fired signals of the arrival of the
vessel with the Stamps — Continued my designs &
Estimates.

33^> JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
23rd. Arrived the vessel with the Stamps, conducted
by the Coventry & Garland Frigates — 2000 people
(mob) on the Battery expecting the Stamps would be
landed, but were disappointed. However they were
secretly landed in the night and deposited in the
Fort and took charge of by the Governor. Employed
in drawing a fair Draught of my survey of the South
Side of Lake Erie to a scale of 4 miles to an inch
taken by me on the Expedition against the Delaware
and Shawanese under the Command of Colonel Brad
street in 1764. Finished my designs for the General
with my estimate amounting to £1256. 5. 4\. Many
placards put up threatening the Lives, Houses and
properties of any one who shall either issue or receive
a stamp. 31s' October 1765. Several people in mourning for
the near Issue of the stamps and the Interment of
their liberty. Descended even to the Bag-gammon
Boxes at the merchant's Coffee House, being covered
with Black and the Dice in Crape. This night a mob
in 3 squads went through the Streets crying " Lib
erty " at the same time breaking the Lamps & threat
ening particulars that they would the next night pull
down their Houses. Some thousands of windows
Broke. Major James of the Royal Artillery — threat
ened to be buried alive by the Populace as Command
ing the Troops in the Fort for the protection of the
Stamps. Merchants of this place met to Know whether
they shall carry on trade or not. Agreed in the neg
ative till the Is' of May.
November i5'. Was sent for by the Governor with
Cap' Sowers Engineer, to (again) inspect into the
present situation of the Fort. We took down the
boarded fences of the wood yard and part of the Gar
den that screened the fire of the Flank, also removed
from the Works, the wood that was piled against
them, divided the Crows foot in 4 parts for the Gates
& Sorties, fixed the Chevaux des fraises, within the
Gate 4 deep & picketed those in the Works, cleared

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 337
the pile-wood from the left face of the North Polygon
to give a raking fire to the right Flank Guns — Made
our report to the General. This by request of the
Governor & direction from the General. This night
the Rabble or rather Rebels assembled again early in
the evening & Continued the Riot till 4 this morning,
their numbers about 2000 during which time they
broke open the Governor's coach house under the
Fort fire & then took out his chariot & 2 Sleighs
& a chair which they burnt in the Bowling Green with
effigies & Gallows &c &c. attempted some to get
over the walls of the Fort, menacing the Troops to
fire which the Governor prudently kept up — notwith
standing as a great slaughter would have been the
consequences. 300 Carpenters belonging to the mob
were collected & prepared to attempt to cut down the
Fort Gate on the first Shot fired from thence. From
thence they proceeded to Major James' House and
there after breaking every window, cut down all the
window shutters & broke down all the Partitions —
then they distroyed g\ casks of Wine & distroyed &
Stole all his plate, Furniture, apparel Books &c to the
value of £ 1 500. (Artillery officers & Guard to the
Goal). The Mob got the permission to toll the Bells
of the several churches, meetings and other Houses
of worship except the churches of England, which they
broke into & tolled the bells beginning at \ after Nine.
2nd November. The Engineers all on Duty this
night to fortify the Fort — its Garrison between 150 and
200 strong. The Lieu' Governor declared he would
do nothing in relation to the Stamps but let it rest
with Sir Henry Moore, the Governor duly Expected,
to do as he pleases on his arrival. Money extracted
from private people or die, others threatened their
public chests, city treasure, Custom House &c.
3rd. Obliged to spike our Guns on the Battery &
also the Ordnance Guns in the Artillery yard. The
Engineers Roster settled Cap' Gordon for duty this
night — Garrison 153 Rank & file and near 30 officers.

33§ JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Made lodgements in the Saliants of the 4 Bastions with
fire wood & picketted it. Barricaded the front gate
with Cord wood being only the wicket. All the Offi
cers in town were ordered from Head Quarters to
attend at the Fort every afternoon at 4 o'clock and
those for duty continued there 24 hours. Even the
master of the vessel who brought the Stamps his life
being threatened, was obliged to fly.
4th. The Stamps refused to be taken on board of
the men of war by order of Captain Kenneday, as per
papers of the Corporation refusing both them & the
L' Governor. The Comm' in Chief waited on the
Governor, as per message by Col Reid, for his opin
ion. Advertisements throughout the Town threat
ening the lives of particulars. Many stragglers
thronging in with arms from several parts even Con
necticut, for plunder &c. The Fort pretty well under
cover this night. The Governors Family obliged to seek
protection on bo?.rd His Majesty's Ship the Coventry.
5th. Advertisements and many papers placarded
throughout this city declaring the storming of the
Fort this Night under cover of burning the Pope and
pretender unless the Stamps were delivered. At last
by the advice of the Council, opinion of the Comm' in
Chief and earnest request of the Corporation, the
Stamps were delivered up to the mayor & Corpora
tion they to be responsible to the Crown to the amount
of what these Stamps would come to when distributed,
also any damages they shall sustain, loss &c and that
he delivered to them as his Majesties Naval officer
would'nt receive 'em on board his Majesty's Ships
and that he should not have delivered them at all but
to prevent an effusion of Blood and the Calamities of
a civil war which his withholding them seemed to
threaten. Seven Boxes of Stamps were delivered and
proceeded to the city Hall in Carts and deposited
there attended by 5000 people. I was on duty at
Fort George this night. A Detachment of Artillery
consisting of 50 men arrived in the Fort at 5 this

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 339
afternoon from Detroit and the western communica
tion to embark for England. The mob it seems in
tended (as they say) to collect the Comm' in Chief,
also the friends to the Government and have marched
them in front when they purposed the attempt of
attacking the Fort. One hundred Barrels of Powder
the disaffected had procured. The Governour ordered
double Guards this night notwithstanding. Major
James embarked for England, where he was obliged
to remain, being in danger, otherwise of his life. Two
Guns fired at 4 o'clock p m for the men of War to
their Stations.
6th. Perfect tranquillity (as to appearances) this
day : advertisements put up about Peace proclaimed.
The Governor's family returned from on board the
Man of war. The Lawyers levelled at, by the people,
to be at the bottom of this disloyal Insurection and
seconded by many people of property of the place and
its neighbourhood.
7th. The lawyers deemed by the people here to be
Hornets and Firebrands of the Constution. The
Planners and Incendiaries of the present Rupture.
8th. Sailed the Edward — Cap' Davis with major
James of the Royal Artillery on board for England,
with dispatches to the Secretary of State from the
Lieutenant Governor and General.
10th. Sailed the packet Halifax Cap' Balderson for
Falmouth conducted by the Hawke man of war to the
watering place, as the mail was apprehended to be in
danger. Also sailed the Grace of Bristol. Sent to
Colonel Amherst the late proceedings here, my reports
regarding Fort George and its present state also a
plan showing the Station of the Frigates.
13th. Arrived Sir Harry Moore Governor of New
York and this day was proclaimed at the city Hall and
Fort. 14th November 1765. A very high tide overflowed
the King's wharf.
1 6th. Fort George dismantled by order of the Gov-

34O JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
ernor and through his application to the General, by
which I was ordered as Engineer on that service.
19th. Six months provision for 300 men sent to
Albany. 24th. Sailed the ordnance Transport for England
Raven Cap' Scot with the Relief of the Artillery. In
which went Engineer Wm Bard — 35th by whom I
wrote several letters.
26th. Meeting of the Freeholders to concert meas
ures and appoint a committee for instructions to their
representatives in the General Assembly.
27th. Reported that the Mob are for having their
assembly first to have the stamp act repealed. To
repeal an act passed by them for no one to trespass
on another man's ground with arms, to detain the
Lieu' Governor's revenue towards defraying the dam
ages Major James' house sustained. N. B. — the
House and Inhabitants. M' Peter Delancey obliged
to resign his office as Inspector and Stamp distributor
for the Provinces of Canada, Nova Scotia and New
Hampshire. The Governor sent for Sears, a ring
leader to preserve the peace of the city.
28th. Three hundred fellows embarked on the Ferry
boats &c for the opposite shore of Long Island to
intimidate and persecute Mr Zacharias Hud Stamp-
master for Maryland now at Flushing. Orders from
the Comm' in Chief to Cap' Sowers Engineer to make
a report for Sir Harry Moore of the State and Con
dition of the Forts and Fortresses in this Province
extending to Fort Stanwix to the Westward and
being on the Oneyda Portage and to Isle la Motte in
Lake Champlain to the Northward.
29th. I received Orders from the General by his Aid
de Camp to dismantle the Fort and eraze its present
temporary parapet and to wait on Sir Harry Moore
the Governor to receive my directions from him, which
I complied with. Warned the detachment of Artillery
and Royal Americans quartered in the fort for the
above purpose.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 341
30th. Being S' Andrew's day &c a Holiday was
granted the men, So no work done this day.
December Ist. It being Sunday — no work to-day. A
son of liberty stabbed with a Bayonet by one of the
Royal Artillery.
_ December 2nd 1765. A gale of wind at N E and con
tinued wet weather and no work.
3rd. A storm at West N. West and excessive cold
however got the men paraded and to work. Was
sent for by the Comm' in Chief for my opinion
with regard to the Barracks &c for quartering Troops
at Albany ; great disputes having cropped up there on
that head so as to occasion a Memorial to him from
the Officers of the Corps of the 6o'h arrived there.
4th. Continued the party at work (in erazingj) the
parapet of Fort George consisting of the Royal Artil
lery and Royal Americans.
5th. Persons and Papers obliged to appear before
the assembly concerning the appeals. Mr. George
Harrison and Mr G. Banyer* obliged equally with
their papers to attend the "House.
6th. William Smith a Lawyer openly declared by
the Tener of the Notary Publicks protest drawn up, to
be by and through his advice, th° a person apparently
on the opposite side of the question.
7th. Requested by the Comm' in Chief to let him
have the perusal of the General Draught of this Prov
ince and also to procure him one of this place and
Enciente with its environs. Coventry and Garland
weighed from the North to the East river.
* Goldsborow Banyer was born in London, in the year 1724, and came
to America about the year 1737. He was appointed Auditor-General in
1746 and served as Deputy Clerk of the Council for some years. In
1752 he was appointed Register of the Court of Chancery and in the
following year Judge of Probate. He remained in public office until the
termination of the British rule and subsequently continued his residence
at Albany. He filled also some considerable offices under the State Gov
ernment, and died at Albany in the year 1815, at the age of 91 years,
leaving a large estate to his family. He had married in 1767 Elizabeth
Mortier, a daughter of the then British Paymaster-General. She died
in 1809. (Valentine.)

342 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
8th. The Sons of Liberty as they term themselves,
openly defying powers, office and all authority sole
rulers. io'\ Placards to hunt as with Hounds John Cog-
hill Knap a lawyer interloped amongst them.
i ith. Party affairs, pique and private Quarrels and dis
putes brought before the House of Assembly and there
indecently debated concerning appeals &c. The Gov
ernor proposed to the Assembly to furnish money for
getting this Harbour, Town Environs &c surveyed &c.
12th. Arrived a vessel from Quebec with Stampt
clearings, also with advices of their being well received
there, which shews the advantage of a military Gov
ernment in Colonies.
13th. The Officer Commanding the man of war pub-
lickly declared his obligation to seize vessels cleared out
without stamps and returned one accordingly without
seizure, that was departing. Accounts that the Phila-
delphians had taken the Stampt clearings of a vessel
from Barbadoes in their Harbour and paraded them
through the city in triumph and then consumed 'em.
Some very sensible and well timed Queries handed
about. 16th December 1765. Sir Harry Moore Governor
directed all the Merchants here to meet him at the
Fort this Evening, in order to Know the Author that
should have reported (amongst them) that he had
advised the officers of the Men of war to seize the
Vessels cleared wifh unstampt papers. Placards
seditious and infamous as ever. The Commander in
Chief requested of me to Sketch him a Plan of this
Place on a large Scale with its environs and adjacent
country together with its harbour, but particularly to
shew the ground to the North and North East of the
Town &c.
17th. Advertisements stuck up every where Libellous
and rebellious. This night about 8 o'clock the Effi
gies of Lord Colville Mr Grenville and General Mur
ray were paraded several times through the streets

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 343
amidst a large concourse of people who halted first
where the Governor was in company and gave 3
Huzzas, they were carried to the Common and there
burnt. Their numerous attendants the Mob were
furnished all with Candles which they forced from the
Houses as they went along, threatening to set them
on fire if Refused. I continued on the General's
Draught and daily taking the Bearings &-distances &
Sketching in the country about this place.
1 8th. A Fall of Snow for the first here — 6 inches
deep, began at 9 o'clock this morning. Wind at N.
N. East.
21s'. An officer & 40 men Militia and a Magistrate
nightly guard the Stamp papers. 35 of the Guard
out of the 40 voted to burn the Stamps.
23rd. Assembled a Mob for Householders' votes —
yea or Nay, to burn the Stamps or send them to Eng
land back. Undetermined. Continued my survey.
Sailed the Packet Duke Cumberland Captain Good-
ridge. 24th. A mob was collected to destroy Captain Ken
nedy's House but suppressed by the Mayor. A
Finesse to frighten him. Surveying the Environs of
this place & protracting them. Mob employed in
making Effigies to carry about the last day of this
year. Ten vessels have escaped with unstampt clear
ings. 25th. The people proposed to the Governor to issue
a proclamation offering the post* of Stamp Master or
Distribution of the Stamps to whoever will accept it.
(They knowing no one dare without immediately
risking his life.) If not obtained, then to give .them
let Passes, as he might be Indemnified they protesting
or entering a Protest at the Custom House, that no
Stamps can be had. Requested by the General that
the Engineers should make a report of the State of
the Forts & Fortresses of this Province & deliver in
the same to his Excellency Sir Henry Moore Gov
ernor of New York.

344 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
29th. Arrived advices from the Illinois from Cap'
Steriing 42d Regim' the officer commanding 100 men
from Fort Pitt that he had taken possession of Fort
Chartres on the River Mississippi a Report given in to
the Comm' in Chief from our branch, of the present
State of all the Posts on the western & Northern Com
munication in order to transmit the same to England
by the Packet.
31s'. Advertisements placarded at the Merchants'
Coffee House threatening the effects and even the
persons of the Captains of the Ships of War should
they dare to detain or even bring too any Vessel sail
ing from this Port without Stampt papers for clear
ing them. Continued Surveying and drawing the
Draughts of the Town and outlets by order of the
Comm' in Chief. This night the Mob here proposed
burning the Comm' in Chief here in effigy, but effec
tual Measures were taken to prevent such an Insult by
the General and officers assembling together for the
evening & the Troops here had their orders accord
ingly which frustrated their insolent Design.
New York January Ist, 1766. Continued on my
survey of the city & Environs by order of his Excel
lency General Gage. Several Placards threatening
the Effects &c of the two Captains of the Stationed
Ships. 2nd. The Ships of war hauled up to the wharves of
the Town to be unrigged and take up their winter
Quarters. Arrived advices from Mobile and Pensacola.
3rd. The Custom house opened again. The En
gineers ordered by the General to make a Plan, Sec
tion and elevation of the most defensible Block houses
for 40 men, supposed for Fort Pitt.
4th. The Mob wanting to shew their Resentment
against the Deputy Secretary of the Province with
regard to the issuing of writs &c, he refusing to do it
without stampt papers. Continued my survey &
drawing a fair draught for the South Shore of Lake
Erie from Niagara taken by me in the Expedition

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 345
with Colonel Bradstreet against the Delawares &
Shawanese in 1764.
5th. Sunday.
6th. I received letters from Col Bradstreet mention
ing more conspiracies intended by Pondiac, Wassong
and 3 other chiefs all now at the Congress at the Mi-
amies principally intended against D'Etroit.
7th. Waited on the Comm' in Chief & shewed him
my Brouillon that he might see the Progress I had
made on the Survey ; also presented him with my
draught of the South Side of Lake Erie. I received
General Gage's thanks for the above. Arrived the
Polly Cap' Havilland from London. Recd letters from
Colonel James Montresor & enclosed a copy signed
& sealed of his Majesty's Royal Mandamus for
10.000 acres of land to be granted to Col Montresor
in this Province and directed the Governor or Com
mander in Chief of this Province for the Execution of
the above order. Shewed the Comm' in Chief some
bills from Col Bradstreet due on the Expedition of
1764 which he agreed should be paid on Cap' Gor
don's Engineer arrival from Philadelphia. Continued
on my Survey Sub Rosa as observations might en
danger ones house and effects if not ones life. A
Stagnation of almost all business and every Kind of
merchandize uncommonly exorbitant. Continued on
my Survey & drawing still the Brouillon.
11th. At two" this morning a fire broke out in this
city, but by the timely assistance of the Inhabitance
with their Engines & fire Buckets 'twas speedily Ex-
tinguish'd — they being here uncommonly active and
dexterous in that particular. Advertisements placarded
throughout of the General approbation from the Sons
of Liberty to those sons that Burnt the Stamps the
other night. Received advice of the Riots at Al
bany by the Sons of Liberty there.
13th. This morning I presented and delivered to
Sir Harry Moore, Colonel Montresor's Mandamus for
the 10.000 acres of Land in this Province, as prior

346 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
claimant for any location from this day. Continued
on my Draught.
14th. The Inhabitants being swelled with grievances
,have started another this day. Complaining of the
Injustice done them by the Captains of the Stationed
Ships of War (now wintering here) for suffering their
men to hire themselves out to work at the Dockyards
by which means they serve for less than other men &
lower the price of workmanship. Sir Harry Moore
having the Stamps belonging to Connecticut still in
his possession declared his readiness to issue them to
such persons wanting Stampt papers by applying to
him, but as Death is to be the portion of the Re
ceiver menaced by the Sons of Liberty, no instance
is yet known. Children nightly trampouze the Streets
with lanthorns upon Poles & hallowing but allowed
of, the Magistracy either approve of it, or do not dare
to suppress it th° children.
15th. Places where the Stamps pass now current are
5 Quebec, Halifax, Pensacola, Jamaica Barbadoes An
tigua and the Granadas. The singular advantage of
troops and fleets to enforce his Majesty's orders are
here plainly demonstrated. The Governor it seems
has lectured the Mayor and Magistracy relating to the
Mob burning the Stamps the other night and forcibly
breaking upon the Polly Cap' Havilland and taking
them and other things and that if they will not pre
serve the Peace of this Province he will, that he's
ready to head them towards accomplishing it, if not he
shall apply to General Gage for troops and Lord Col-
vill for shipping for that intent and to See his Ma
jesty's orders put in Execution. Insolent advertise
ments placarded at that Rendezvous called the
Merchants Coffee House defying what cloth soever
to interfere towards inforcing the Stamps &c. Heard
further accounts of the Colonists, especially at Phila
delphia having framed Magazines and sent on in ves
sels for the French at Cayenne and sufficiently strong
to withstand the Hurricanes.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 347
17th. Received advice that a party of men were ar
rived at Lancaster from Fort Pitt of the Royal High
landers &c by order of the Comm' in Chief. Con
tinued on my Drawing of the Survey. Sent my letters
on board the Packet.
1 8th. Surveyed out on the East River and towards
Crown Point. Advices from Hartford in Connecticut
that a large body had assembled there of the Inhabi
tants for forming a new system of government. Some
were for choosing a Protector as in Oliver Cromwell's
time & some were for another form — they were very
much divided & the consequences amongst themselves
were dreaded. A Ship of war daily Expected here
from England.
19th January 1766. Apply'd to Mr Alexander Col
den Surveyor General of this Province for a proper
Location for Col Montresor's Mandamus & he recom
mended me to Onion River on the East Side of Lake
Champlain to the Northward of Otter Creek where 3
towns had been laid out by the New Englanders.
Continued my Survey. The Sons of Liberty assem
bled at night in the Fields & bespoke a very large
supper, but upon some disagreement (which is gener
ally the case) they broke up and dispersed as soon as
it came on the table leaving only half a dozen. To
such a pass are matters come too, that at Philadelphia
in a Stationers Shop was found wrote in a Blank
Book G— — by the Cu— se of G-d, us— per of
G— t B— t— n and Dest— -y-rof the Faith. Great En
quiries were made but unfortunately to no purpose.
22nd. Sail'd the Lord Hyde Packet Boat for Fal
mouth— Returned in her Mr P — r Del — y late In
spector of Stamps for Canada &c Cap' Loring— L'
Hall — Mr Paterson and Stewart &c &c.
27th. Arrived Cap' Gordon, Chief Engineer from his
quarters at Philadelphia. This day again presented
to the Comm' in Chief my progress on my Brouillon
draught at this place & its environs &c, much to his
approbation. One of the naval officers belonging to

348 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
the vessels on the Lakes ordered to Ontario on that
service. Continued my Survey.
28th. Arrived Cap' Chalmer's vessel from London
in which came 13 packages of Stampt papers, which
were by the Mayor & Corporation secured and lodged
in the City Hall for reasons. From the present crisis
if we may judge of the Loyalty of most people here,
they acknowledge the King, but not the power of
Parliament. Declaring that our Legislature cannot
impose any Internal Taxation on them, as they are
not represented which is the present cry. Nor do
they choose it, it seems. Continued on my survey.
February Ist. The Sons of Liberty (secretly) have
agreed that on the first accounts that arrive from Eng
land of their Resolution of Endorsing the Stamp act
in America, that they will destroy the Stamp Papers,
now lodged in the city under the custody of the Cor
poration at the same time purpose rushing into the
Fort and seizing and destroying those under the care
of the Governor and belonging to the Province of
Connecticut. 3rd February 1766. Arrived a vessel from Fal
mouth, the master neglected bringing the publick prints
but declares that 'tis currently reported there, that the
Stamp act is to be put in force in these parts & that
the Duke Cumberland Packet that carried the extraor
dinary occurrences from hence, of the late disturbances,
arrived there on the 10th of December last.
4th. Meeting of the Libertines who seem to decline,
being much concerned that the Gentlemen of Fortune
in the town dont publickly join them. They form'd a
Committee for correspondence with the Liberty Boys
of the neighbouring Provinces. Advices from S Caro
lina that the Governor of Georgia had gallantly headed
some regular troops and militia in opposition to the
Mob & enforced the Stamp act but not without some
trifling slaughter.
5th. The Gov— r's declaration to the Council which
he had just convened— that he had received His

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 349
Majesty's Instructions for enforcing the Stamp act in
this Province and requested their opinion upon that
head, which was, it could not be enforced. Upon
which he told them that nevertheless it was their duty
to use their endeavour towards it and to be assisting
to him to execute his Majesty's orders. Children
nightly make processions through the Streets with
Effigies and Candles.
6th. The Sons of Liberty (who have the sole regu
lation of the licentious press here) declare that they
will fight up to their knees in blood rather than suffer
the Stamp act to be put in force in this Province and if
they can assist even in any other. This night several
children were dispersed by the watchman, (for the ist
time) for parading the streets with 3 effigies and
Candles, being about 300 boys. Cryers and news
mongers and carriers patrolling the street and crying
aloud " the downfall of the Stamp act." —
8th. Finished my survey for the Commander in
Chief. 9th. Arrived from Boston (printed) a copy of that
most Excellent letter of Mr Secretary Conway's to the
Governor regarding the late disturbances there. Also
a copy of the Circular letter to the Governors dated
October 1765.
14*. The Sons of Liberty at Philadelphia sent an
Express to the Sons of Liberty here acquainting them,
that Mediteranean passes had been issued at New
York on American Stampt paper and Bonds signed on
themselves from the Custom House by Mr Charles
Williams to Mr Pintard upon which they assembled
headed by Mess'5 All — ke, La — b, and Se — rs, as
Counsellors who proceeded to these Gentlemen's
houses and made a great riot ; the dissatisfied rabble
repeated it again in the evening till 9 o'clock, vowing
vengeance. This is the first instance of this licentious
ness in open daylight. Began reducing the large
Plan to £ the scale.
15th. This morning the above gentlemen were car-

35O JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
ried to the Common with an intent of being pilloried
but through the intercession of the clergy of this place
who attended them and harangued the mob, they
were allowed only to make their concessions first there,
and after being conducted to their Houses to repeat
it. The two General Officers for this day were Tony
& Daly two ship Carpenters who it seems, as well
as some others can either raise or suppress a Mob
instantly. No Houses were pulled down owing to
some Gentlemen present and as Mr Williams's belonged
to Mr Del  y. The General returned me my Brou
illon of the large Plan. About this time a very sed-
— t — s sermon preached by Mr Ledly Minister N —
Dutch Church exciting people to Reb — 11 — n. Gen
eral Gage in his letters to the Ministry ('tis said) has
set forth the Refusal that his Majesty's Billeting act
has met with among the Colonists.
17th February. Arrived the Packet from Falmouth,
with his majesty's speech, also brought the accounts
that there was to be no appeal from the verdict of a
Jury. That Mr George Grenville declared in the
House that 'twas his opinion that the late behaviour
of the Colonists could be construed nothing less than
Rebellion. Began reducing the large Plan to one
half the scale.
24th. Sailed the Packet for England. Meetings as
usual with the Sons of Liberty — Col P — tm — n a
Connecticut Colonel sent advice to them from thence,
that he would assist them with their Militia to the
utmost lives and fortunes to prevent the stamp act
being enforced in this Province, or any other. Wind
at East.
26th February 1766. The Sons of Liberty arrived
to that pass, as to have the utmost indifference re
garding their manner of Expressing themselves,
declare that they are of opinion that in case orders
should arrive for Enforcing the Stamp act to seize all
the Officers of the Crown and embark them for Eng
land that then the Soldiers might be purchased over

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 35 1
to their disloyal opinions. Easterly winds begin to be
somewhat prevailing.
27th. The very Inadvertant Sons of Liberty make no
scruple of publickly declaring that they are for shak
ing off the Yoke of Dependency, of their Mother
Country, with a multiplicity of other tr — so — ble &c
&c. Completed the reduced Plan of this City and
Environs for the Comm' in chief.
28th. Mild weather — the wind Easterly. This night
a storm rose at S E by East with Rain and Continued
all night. His Excellency the Governor Sir Harry
Moore bought and wears two Homespun Coats made
in the Colonies for the Encouragement of arts in the
Colonies as an Example for others.
March Is' 1766. The Storm still continued at the
same point of the compass, accompanied with Rain,
all this Day.
2nd. Wind strong at N. W! Began on the fair
Draught of the Reduced plan.
3rd. I set off for the Lieu' Governors at Flushing.
This day all the Field ordnances were finished unspik-
ing having taken two months to accomplish it. Fin
ished chiefly by Fire and drilling.
4th. Returned to New York from Flushing. Sons of
Liberty met.
5th. Sons of Liberty proposed a procession this
day but was prevented by Rain, 'twas to consist of a
Cannon with the figure oi the Lieu' Governor spiking
it. 6th. The procession postponed to the first fair^day.
Winds at S. East with small Rains and thick fogs.
weather cleared up and the Procession made being
representation of the Lieu' Governor mounted on a
Cannon drilling the vent and attended by a large con
course of People.
9th. The Communication to Albany (by the way of
Hudsons River) opened, as an Albany Sloop sailed
this afternoon for the above place.
March io'h 1766. The Gunpowder belonging to the

352 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Ordnance lodged in 2 Powder Magazines at Turtle
Bay and Prevost's situated on the East River. At
Turtle Bay now in Store 1700 Barrells and at Prevost's
500 total 2200 Barrells. Ordnance Stores are lodged
in a Stone house on the North River exposed, as
being without Guard or Defence. Quantity 3000
Tons. A Hard wind at North East with Snow, one
Foot deep.
IIth Remarked that during the procession they
halted at several places, amongst the rest at Head
Quarters where they gave 3 cheers, the Comm' in
chief and several officers being present and the mob
not finding that they joined in the Huzza &c told them
— that they would have their Hats off yet before they
were done with them. Finished the Fair Draught of
the Reduced plan of this Place and its Environs & pre
sented the same to General Gage the Commander in
chief. 12th. Arrived the Geyser, Cutter from Halifax.
Lieu' Governor Colden's life daily threatened by the
Sons of Liberty. The Garland Ship of War heaving
down. 14th. Gale of wind at N. West. Arrived a vessel
from Nevis, loaded with Sugar.
15th. The Gale still continued at NW! Orders sent
to have Fort Edward evacuated.
1 7"1. A very hard Gale of wind at East with rain.
A perfect storm. Notwithstanding, this day arrived
the Halifax Packet from Falmouth, she struck on the
East Bank (in coming up from Sandy Hook) 8 times
and sprung a leak, at the same time a Vessel carried
from the Madeiras without a morsel of Provisions hav
ing been 8 weeks on the Coast. The Captain of the
Packet, in 22 voyages to this Port from England never
met with once, so tempestuous as this last. On his
arrival out, off from the vessel's masts and rigging
over 20 Tons of Ice ; in her came Captain Conner to
command the Coventry in the room of Captain Ken
nedy superceeded by order of His Majesty for refusing

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 353
to take charge of the Stamps of this Province on board
his Ship from Lieu' Gov' Colden. Began on Protract
ing the S.W end of Lake Erie being the remainder
that was left unfinished, that I had taken of the Lake
on the Expedition in 1764.
1 8th. Windy weather from the NE' to the SE Quar
ter, attended with a heavy thick snow, which dissolved
almost as fast as it lighted. The Sons of Liberty prepar- ^
ing to have a procession, with Sir Jeffry Amherst's effigy,
afterwards to burn it, as they say he proposed to aug
ment the military forces in America, towards the more
effectual forcing the Stamp act. Also propose, erect
ing a Statue of Mr. Pitt (as a friend) in the Bowling
Green, on the Identical Spot where the Lieu' Gover
nor's Chariot was burned and to name that Green —
" Liberty Green " for ever. Many declaring that they
will oppose the landing of any troops from Great Bri
tain. A Committee appointed as Auditors of accounts
consisting of Co1 Robertson 15th Reg', Col Reid —
42nd and Mr Leeke Commissary of Provisions to ex
amine the accounts since 1764 of the several Depart
ments viz — Engineers — Naval — Quarter Master Gen
eral — Barrack Master Gen1 — Provisions &c &c on the
Contingent account.
19th. This night the Sons of Liberty assembled and
insolently sent M' Allecocke and Sears,* two of their
Representatives on board the Garland Ship of War to
demand the Lieu' of his Majesty's Ship, for having
said that the Printer of the Thursday's Gazette, one
Holt, was he in England would be hanged for the
licentiousness of his Paper. The Lieu', one Mr Hal-
lam refused any intercourse with them and ordered
them ashore, the vessel laying close to the wharf.
The Rabble cry'd out " bring the Lieu! ashore with a
* Isaac Sears was one of the original members of the " Sons of Liber
ty " and from 1765 to 1775 the recognized leader ot the most ultra of the
revolutionary party in the city of New York. In 1775 he was appointed
by General Lee Deputy Adjutant-General, with the rank of Lieutenant-
General He removed to Boston during the occupation of New York
by the British. He died in Batavia, East Indies, in 1786. (Valentine.)
*3

354 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Halter about his neck." The Representatives insist
ing upon an Instrument in writing for him to deny the
allegation. 20"1. They assembled the next day in order, to at
tack the Vessel, if he was not delivered up, ifor that
they, the Sons of Liberty, were resolved to murder
him. The Comm' in Chief Sent 2 Messages by the
Advocate General and Brigade Major to the 2 Cap
tains of the Ships of War acquainting them that he
would give them all the assistance they should think
necessary and that was in his power to give them.
The men of war, received powder and cartridges from
the Ordnance Stores. Weather severe again.
21s'. The Sons of Liberty assembled again and were
Resolved to attack the vessels at all Events, but find
ing the Ships prepared & that on Reflection they
might lose some men, declined it for the present till
they should be off their Guard for that they were de
termined on the Lieut'* life. Also they proposed going
about to the several Houses of the Inhabitants to be
informed which of them would stand by them to oppose
the Landing of any troops from Home and those that
refused to pull down their Houses. A Southerly wind
and very warm weather. The officer obliged to confine
himself on Board from the threats he had Received.
22nd. Agreed amongst the Sons of Liberty here to
wait on the Comm* in Chief that they, might be In
formed of his Reason for sending such Messages to
the Coventry and Garland and for interfering between
the said ships and them and also to insist upon know
ing the reason for his ordering Troops to New York.
Southerly winds and warm weather. This night the
wind at S E and Rain. Arrived a Sloop from Santa
Cruz. The Governor Sir Harry Moore never has
interfered during all the tumults and disturbances
which the Rabble deem a sufficient Sanction for them
and so daily pursue their disloyal Irregularities ; having
never till now, ever had the shadow of Opposition to
present itself against them.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 355
23rd. A Hard wind at W. N. west. The Sons of
Liberty threatening to pull down the House of the
Major Brigade for carrying a Message from the Com
mander in Chief to the Cap' of yc ships of War.
24"1. By advice from Connecticut Matters are ar
rived to greater lengths than in any other province,
having allready provided themselves with a magazine
for Arms, Ammunition &c and 10.000 men at the
shortest warning for opposing the Stamp act &c, all
under the Command of a Connecticut man, called
Col Putnam one that has received his Majesty's
money, having been employ'd during the War as a
Provincial Colonel. Wind at N. W. Remark Not
withstanding all these preparations in Connecticut,
not a Stamp has as yet entered the Province, they
being still lodged in the Fort at New York. This
night arrived from Philadelphia a vessel having lately
arrived from England, that the Stamp act was not to
be repealed &c. Many people assembled at the Mer
chants' Coffee House, the cryer & newsmongers patrol-
ing the streets all night crying " Bloody news for
America to keep the spirit of  .
25*. This afternoon at 4 o'clock, came in an Express
from Philadelphia from the Sons of Liberty there, to
those here, only 22 hours coming Bringing advices of
a vessel from Ireland having arrived at Choptank
River in Maryland in a short passage with accounts
of the Contents of a letter from a Member of Parlia
ment to his correspondent in Ireland that the 29th of
January, the Stamp act was Repealed. Upon receiv
ing the accounts 3 or 400 boys tore through the several
Streets with the shouts of the Stamp act's Repealed.
Wind at w. n. west. Navigation to Albany open, the
River being free of Ice and vessels proceed to and fro.
26th. Sailed for Albany Col Vaughan Commanding
46* and some officers of that corps, intending for
Niagara, also Major Cary Commanding the Is' Bat
talion Royal Americans. Wind at N. E. A Fall of
Snow one foot deep.

356 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
27th. Weather cold and snow continuing. Wind at
West. 28th. Weather as the day Before.
29111. Wind at N. W. very cold and the Snow not
disappeared. The weather keen. Wrote to Col
Montresor and M' Boddington by the Halifax Packet
for Falmouth, mail closed this evening. Applied to
the Secretary's office of the Province for a Copy of
a Petition to present to Sir Harry Moore the Gov
ernor for locating 10.000 acres according to Lieu'
Co1 James Montresor's Mandamus and that upon
Connecticut River formerly a Township laid out by
Governor Wentworth and now petitioned for by many.
Lieu' Stoughton also Judge Richard Morris and his
associates, who have entred a Caveat against others
petitioning for the above lands. 1000 Barrels of Pow
der & 12.000 Stands of Arms put on board the men
of War for Safety, as not being thought secure where
they were stored. Wood Boats obliged to be em
ployed to put them on Board, as no vessel could be
obtained. One merchant vessel was agreed for at 13
shillings & 6 pence per Ton per Month for 3 months
sure, but the owners Recanted. Other vessels were
sought, though lying at the wharves by scores, out
of employ, notwithstanding refused. The Comm' in
Chief applied to the Governor for a Press Warrant
to procure one or more. Refused, "as 'twas time of
Peace. The Governor required of the Lieu* Governor
the Copies of his letters from the Ministry during his
administration. Refused.
30th. The Com' in Chief waited on the Governor
for an Explanation regarding some late affairs. Wind
at South west.
31s' March, 1766. The Governor and Council Set
& the Comm' in Chief present relating to his denying
his Majesty a vessel for his Ordnance Stores. When
'twas at last agreed to be granted, and was. Wind
at N W. weather Keen. Five Ruffians or Sons of
Liberty fell on an Officer of the Royal Americans on

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 357
the Common about Dusk, behind his Back and beat
him unmercifully and broke his sword, which he had
drawn in his Defence.
April Ist, 1766. Presented my Petition to the Gov
ernor Sir Harry Moore for the location of the Manda
mus, on Connecticut River called Waits Town bounded
North by Newberry, South by Fairly west by the
woods and East by the River. Refused, as he in
tends it for his wife and children living, wrote for a
Mandamus for a large Tract and expects it out in the
next packet. Quere-Remark. Ordnance people em
ployed in the Embarcation of the Ordnance Stores,
from the Danger they now are exposed to by the
Rabble. Wind at W. N. West. Weather still Keen.
Chief Engineer gave an Order for the Engineer's
Baggage and Forage to be Issued.
2nd. Forty Ruffians, calling themselves Sons of Li
berty pillaged and Ransacked a Gentleman's House
and family in Connecticut for being a neutral person
and not declaring his sentiments. Weather mild.
Wind at S. W and the snow almost dissolved.
3rd. The Sons or Spawns of Liberty and Inquisition
here, still venting threats and Insulting the Crown &
Officers under it. Winds gentle & variable — the
weather mild. In Case the Stamp act is not repealed
Distraction is threatened by the Sons of Liberty
against the Lieu' Governor.
4th. A Grand meeting of the Sons of Liberty to
settle matters of moment, amongst the many whether
they shall admit the strollers arrived here to act, th°
the General has given them permission. These
Heroes of Liberty Keep an office and enter minutes
and record them & all their correspondence to their
licentious fraternity throughout the different Provinces.
Inhabitants beginning to cultivate the ground about.
Winds at S. W. weather moderate. Arrived a vessel
from Carolina. Accounts by the way of Philadelphia
from South Carolina, that the Stamp act was repealed
and all American affairs settled by the Parliament io'h

358 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
February. Some Stamps as 'tis said found in the
Streets were publickly burnt, at the Coffee house, to
gether with Some play bills, all to prevent their Spirits
to flag.
5th April 1766. The Comm' in Chief embarking his
Majesty's Stores on Board, creating matter of much
speculation, insomuch that the Sons of Liberty have
been consulting whether they shall admit it or not.
Winds at North East.
6th. Winds at N E. N. E, blowing very hard. The
Inhabitants applied oil to the spiked touch holes of
the Cannon on Copses or Principal Battery.
7th. Winds at E N. E. and Rains. At 4 o'clock this
afternoon entered a Caveat in the Secretary's office
against others petitioning for the Lands I applied for
the Is' Instant to the Governor in consequence of His
Majesty's Mandamus. Notwithstanding the Gov
ernor's refusal, a rejection of my memorial for the Lo
cation, I wrote his Excellency a letter and presented
it at 5 o'clock this afternoon and enclosed him the
Memorial again, requesting his reconsideration of the
Equity of my Claim. Calculation that if all the wool
in this province was collected 'twould not more than
make a pair of Stockings per soul annually.
8th. The Governor sent a Message by his Secretary
Mr French to me, refusing my claim. Wind at nn
East. I waited on the Governor. Arrived accounts
from Maryland of the repeal of the Stamp act the 8th
February by vessel arrived in Patuxen River.
9th. Wind at N W & rain. A Council this day held
as usual at the Fort. The Sons of Liberty should
the stamp act be repealed will insist and are deter
mined on it to have every restriction of trade taken
off and those infringements on the subject — the Post
Office and Courts of Admiralty.
io'h. Winds variable in the morning. S. W. after
noon E. N weather fine but cool. Arrived a Brig
from the Bay of Honduras. Arrived a recruiting party
(of the Is' Battalion Royal Americans) from the

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 359
Southwards. The Inhabitants began undrilling those
Cannon on the Battery.
n'h. Continued on my protracting of the South-
westward, most parts of Lake Erie from my Brouillon
to a scale of 2 miles to an inch, taken on the Expedi
tion 1764. Waited on Sir Harry Moore for an Ex
planation of his Message of the 8th instant by his
Secretary. Again rejected my sollicitation &c &c as
per minutes taken down by me. Refused my written
observations as he should remain of the same opinion.
Winds at S. E and Rain. The Com' in Chief long
since has wrote to the Marquis of Granby in what
manner the ordnance Stores lay exposed to the mercy
of a Rabble & the great necessity of a fortified ar
senal. ^ 1 2th April 1 766. All the Powder Field Train and
Small Arms compleatly embarked on Board of a hired
Transport and Sloop, with whats on board the Ships
of War. These 2 Vessels now put under Convoy of
those ships for their security against the people of
this place. Sergeant and 12 men of the Royal Ar
tillery sent on Board these 2 Transports for their Pro
tection and Bedding sent on Board. Nine pence
Sterling per man allowed the master for victualling
the Troops (as usual). Remark — When the King
finds their Provisions \ Sterling is allowed the Master
for wood and cooking utensils &? Wind at W.N. west
— the weather fine — accounts arrived by the way of
Philadelphia that the Stamp act was not repealed the
14th of February.
13th. Arrived a Sloop from Santa Cruz belonging to
Bermudas. Winds at S E. The allowance granted by
 to the Sons of Liberty for carrying on of Ser
vice is ,£40 New York Currency per week.
14th. Winds at East N. East. This evening very
heavy thunder & lightning and rains. Accounts Re
ceived by water that the Spaniards are arrived at New
Orleans from the Havannah and taken possession of
that Island. Orders from the Senior Engineer Cap'

360 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Gordon to return the several Instruments into the
Office as per our Receipts given which was complied
with immediately by me and Captain Sowers the En
gineers on this Department.
15th. Winds at NE' blowing hard and continued rain.
The Sons of Liberty publickly declare that if the
Stamp act is Repealed they will also insist on all Re
strictions of Trade being taken off. No Post offices
nor Courts of Admiralty as being all infringements on
the subject, as now is their time, while the Colonies
are unanimous. Remark — for the first instance.
1 6th. Wind westerly. The Artillery and Stores re
moved from Fort Edward now evacuated are still
remaining at Fort George on their way to Crown-
point where they are to remain.
1 7th. Winds at N W. weather cool.
1 8th. Instructions making out by the Chief Engineer
for Cap' Sowers Engineer for the present Campaign
Rout to Oswegatihi and then to Detroit. Winds at
West weather very clear and cool.
19th. The Inhabitants by the Assistance of the ord
nance Smith continue drilling the Cannon on the Bat
tery which are scarce worth their trouble in their
present situation. The Guns are mostly old and
honeycomb, the carriages so rotten as scarce to be
able to support the weight of metal, the Platforms so
totally out of order as to admit the Trucks of the Car
riages nearly to their axles. And the checks of the
Embrasures choke 'em on every explosion, as the Log
work is decayed and ill tired. Winds at S.S.West.
Vessels outward bound still proceed without stampt
clearances as does the arrivals, untouched by the
Ships of War.
20"1. Winds northerly. By the Boston Post advices
that the Packet had been spoke with by a Fishing ves
sel off the Banks of Newfoundland — improbable. This
night at 11 o'clock the Com' in Chief ordered the
officers and men into the Fort from an application
from the Governor, as 2000 men from West Chester

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 36 1
threatened to rescue two Fellows out of New York
JaiL 21st. Came in 2 vessels, one from Bristol in 9 weeks,
and one from Oporto. The Garland Ship of war fired
several Shot at them to bring them to which the
Oporto vessel obeyed but refused by the other. This
day the Garland fell down from the East River to the
North with the Store Ship, under convoy. Winds un
settled the weather Cool, a fall of Snow this night.
The 2000 men from West Chester expected this
night. 22nd. The Snow disolved before 9 this morning
Wind at West — Rain. Set off from hence Cap' Gor
don chief Engineer for Philadelphia.
23rd. This day the Sons of Liberty went on Board
of a Merchantman from  belonging to M' Bache
merchant of this place and seized a quantity of Strong
Beer and ale in Bottles and English Cheese from
England. M' Sears a Ring leader taking it under his
custody. Upon the news from England by the way
of Boston, arriving relating to the apparent probability
of the Repeal of the Stamp act and M' Pitt's speech one
Swinney, an inflammatory news-carrier and monger,
galloped on Horse Back through the Street crying
Pitt and no King till meeting with an English
Butcher, who silenced him. Wind blowing hard at
N.W. Went to Spring Hill on Long Island near
Flushing and waited on the Lieu' Governor on private
Business. This day S' Georges day, not comme-
"morated here, nor even a cross wore.
24th April 1766. Sons of Liberty declare that now
this act is Repealing, they need not never think of
another, nor will they be obedient to any Requisition,
nor suffer others. One Doughty a shopkeeper (for
Beverley Robertson merchant here) in the Highlands
was dispossessed by 300 men of his House and Goods
and turned away and this day arrived here. Wind
at West.
25th. Levelling esteemed to be of service & moved

t*

362 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
"by many of the Sons of Liberty having taken place
already on lands belonging to M' Courtland at West
.Chester and in the Highlands. Winds at S. East.
Came up by the Skiff of a Pilot Boat an account that
the Duke of Cumberland Packet Boat, Captain Good
rich from Falmouth was arrived within Sandy Hook
and brought advices that the Stamp act was repealed.
Immediately the Intelligencer from the Skiff had a col
lection made for him in the Coffee house. Many
streets were Illuminated and squibs and firing of mus
kets ensued and Captain Sears a principal Ringleader
of the sons of Liberty went to the Rector and the
several Ministers of the places of worship here to
order them to ring their Bells at 3 o'clock the next
morning. The Packet had been detained to the 8th of
March and had seven weeks passage. Mr Pitt's
speech published at large and highly applauded by
the Sons of Liberty.
26th. At 3 o'clock this morning All the Bells of
this place rung and having no peal made a most hide
ous Din. About 8 o'clock a. m the Captain of the
Packet arrived with the mail in his Boat and was de
manded by the Sons of Liberty before he came ashore
whether the Stamp act was repealed — he answered in
the affirmative, adding Totally. Upon which they
fixed him in a chair and carried him and the mail to
the Post Office with great acclamations of joy, cheer
ing him all the way. The bells still ringing. , How
ever upon further enquiry and the Examination of the
letters from London of the latest date they found that
the Repeal had not undergone the 3rd reading in the
House of Commons, but had succeeded in the 2
former readings only. The Bells were immediately
silenced and great discontent ensued owing to their
haying been so premature in their rejoicings &c &c.
Wind at N. East, weather very raw & the season re
markably backward.
27th. Wind at n East, the weather raw— Sons of
Liberty will not suffer any Lamb to be brought to

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 363
market nor eat, under penalty of having the offenders
house pulled down.
28th April 1766. Wind at w. s. west— weather raw
and chilly. Wrote to the westward by the Post. The
act of Parliament relating to vessels delivering their
letters to the Post office are like others held here.
The letters are left at the coffee house and are dis
tributed by the news carrier who keeps the advantage.
29th. The City alarmed from the approach of the
Country levellers called the West Chester men. The
Militia ordered to hold themselves in readiness. Let
ters Received from them in town declaring that if
M' Courtlandt does not give them a grant forever of
his Lands, they will march with their Body now col
lected and pull down his House in Town and also one
belonging to M' Lambert Moore. Winds variable,
mornings fine but overcast.
30th. Arrived a French vessel, a ship from S' Do
mingo bound to old France put in in stress of weather.
She was safely conducted through the Channel by
the Pilot and safe within the Narrows into the Bay.
Winds variable — Mornings fine but some overcast.
The weather cool Fields green.
May Is' 1766. Six men (a Committee from west
Chester people being 500 men now lying at King's
Bridge) came into town to explain matters. Wind
Northerly, notwithstanding the fine day for a long
time and not cool. The Military applied to on ac
count of the Levellers on which they dispersed. Sons
of Liberty great opposers to these Rioters as they
are of opinion no one is entitled to Riot but them
selves. 2n&. Wind at S. S. W. Weather fine but cool.
The French Merchant man repairing, she's loaded
with sugar, the people discontented not being suffered
to barter a little by way of pidling. To such a pitch
are the Sons of Liberty arrived at, that one the other
day Reproached the Clergy here with preaching false
Doctrine and that they were only the Embassadors of

364 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Hell & the same man a Communicant of the Trin
ity Church.
3rd. The winds variable. In my opinion the arri
val of this French vessel is a mere Finesse, as she
was but 15 days out and wanting water, this place
out of her course and her having letters on board for
Co1 Hopkins to people in this place. She is imme
diately bound to old France and has several strangers
on board, who are perpetually entertained by the
Governor and admitted to ramble wherever they
please. In arriving here they have in all probability
gained their point, to know the navigation from Sandy
Hook to this place, to know the strength, situation
and present position of Defence of this place, and to
be thoroughly informed of the minds and pulses of
the Inhabitants during these very Extraordinary and
very Reb — 11 — s Disturbances, which by all accounts
they have taken care to procure a thorough knowl
edge of. Inhabitants begin to draw their Ground nets
for Fish on the Beaches.
4th May 1766. Wind at N. E' and Cloudy, evening
rainy. Foreign vessels should never be admitted to
the Town but refitted at Amboy, which would be
a proper place for our arsenal since the Loyalty of
this people seems so precarious or doubtful.
5lh. Wind at East & heavy. Evening rain. This
Evening a Play was acted by permission of our Gov
ernment, to be performed by a company of Come
dians or Strollers, notwithstanding the Sons of Liberty
without any Reason given pulled down the play house
the beginning of the 2nd act, put out all the lights,
then began picking of pockets, stealing watches,
throwing Brick Bats, sticks and Bottles and Glasses,
crying out Liberty, Liberty then proceeded to the
Fields or Common and burnt the materials. One boy
Killed and many people hurt in this Licentious affair.
6th. Wind at W. N. W. and cool. Inhabitants
begin fishing on the Strand. Proclamation issued
ioo,£ reward for the taking of Pendergrast, Chief of

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 365
the Country Levellers and 5o£ for either Munro and
Finch, two officers, " en second."
7th. Arrived Captains Gordon and Williams Engin
eers from Philadelphia. Wind at N. W. The alder
man (Brewington) who was sent to apprehend
Pendergrast, Ringleader of the Country Rioters
informed the person he was the alderman and sent to
seize, so gave him an opportunity of making his
escape. The first day of summer weather.
8th. Sailed the Duke of Cumberland Packet Boat,
Cap' Goodrich for Falmouth, the wind at N. W. In
the afternoon at East. The Sons of Liberty, other-
wish the Sons of Tyranny, who now call themselves
the Redressors of Grievances held a council whether
they should not secretly Barbacue an officer of the 27th
for speaking disrespectfully of them. Arrived 3
vessels from Barbadoes Curacoa and Jamaica. Fine
warm weather. This day a Seditious paper was pub
lished (nothing uncommon) by M' Holt Printer,
signed Philalethes, as per paper.
9th May 1766. Wind variable N. W. am. S S. E
pm. Weather fine the commencement of summer.
io'h. Left, this place for Philadelphia and so to the
Illinois by way of Fort Pitt, Cap' Gordon Senior En
gineer who after he superintends Fort Chartres goes
down the Mississippi to Fort Opalaches Mobile, Pen
sacola, S' Augustin &c.
IIth. Sailed the French .Ship which saluted the Fort
and Garland Ship of War. Wind at S. In Sir Harry
Moore's letters from Ministry by the last packet he is
advised to consult with Lieu' Governor Colden, relating
to matters of Government in this Province — Rejected —
taken amiss and the Lieu' Governor uninformed by him.
12th. Winds. Building at our Docks here, or rather
Ship-yard a Guarda Costa to be sold to the French.
Sons of Liberty make no scruple of publickly declar
ing that they will fight to their knees in blood rather
than suffer the Stamp act to be enforced as witness
the Resolves of Wallingford.

366 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
14th. Accounts from Canada contain advices of their
usual confusion. Wind at S. East. From Detroit-
trade flourishes. Exit the western savages— and all
quiet. Sailed the Egmont. Arrived Snow— from
Portsmouth. t
15th. Arrived from his Command of his Majesty s
Forces in Canada on his way to England — Brigadier
General Burton, aid de Camp and Secretary. Reached
this place in 24 hours from Albany. Wind at North.
The Coventry Ship of war took her station into the
North River from the East.
1 6th. Wind at S. E. weather very fine. Arrived
accounts from Philadelphia and Maryland that the
Repeal of the Stamp act had been read once in the
House of Lords and Committed, the 1 i'h. This by a
vessel left England 15th March. Came in accounts
from Boston that in London 26th March, that the act
was not repealed that day, owing to the fortunate ar
rival of General Gage's letters relative to the Colo
nists refusal of the act for Billetting the Troops.
17th. Wind at S. E. No arrivals, which continue to
create great speculation. Five vessels now on the
Stocks in the Ship yards. No money to be procured
for Bills on London. Answer, that if the Stamp act's
not repealed they purpose making no remittances
home. The markets high, workmanship, materials,
goods &c very dear, which plainly demonstrates that
the country cannot complain of poverty. Beaver skins
the price of which, greater or less is the standard by
which one may judge of the riches of this country,
while high, no scarcity of Cash. Accounts from the
Manor of Livingston on the East Side of the Hudson
River that some hundreds of the Tenants are also
turned Levellers and are in arms to dispossess some and
maintain others in their own, without rent or taxation.
1 8th May 1766. Rain this morning early, cleared up
with Heat. Arrived 2 vessels, one from S' Kitts and
one from Barbadoes. Wind at South-East.
19th. Wind at S. East. Went over to Staaten Isl-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 367
and and Communipaw in the Jersies and returned this
day. No advices received from Connecticut — the
Inhabitants have deposed their Governor and chosen
another, turned out the Members of the Assembly and
have formed themselves into a Committee of 500 men
to oppose the present Stamp act being enforced and
all Invaders into their Country, and that they renounce
all future connections with Great Britain, but that of
allegiance to King George 3rd. People here wanting
the Courts open to take the Law of the Captains of
the Ships of war, for pressing their men and bringing
their vessels too.
20th. We hear from Crown point that near that
place some scores of Families have arrived and
settled there living on Hunting and Fishing chiefly
and now beginning to cultivate their land. They de
clare that possession is Eleven points in the Law and
that they will take the advantage of these Disturb
ances and as no law prevails at present will support
themselves on their settlements as new England men
as by the King's proclamation the Possessors of the
late ceded part of the Government of Connecticut are
to be maintained in their Possessions. A Commence
ment held among the Students to take their Degrees.
The Oration in the Trinity Church. Winds at East.
Arrivd by the way both of Boston and Philadelphia an
account of the Repeal of the Stamp act, Westminster
March 18th, being the day his Majesty gave his as
sent. The hideous D*n of the Several Single Bells
was immediately demonstrated upon the Occasion
and hundreds of Boys running through the streets
with poles upon which were hoisted Handkerchiefs,
papers &c in imitation of the late Mob, attended with
repeated Huzzas. — Various papers published by the
several printers ; crying Glorious news for America
and no more Shim Shams. Accounts received that
the Sons of Liberty had dispatched Belts of Wampum
to the 6 Nations to intercept his Majesty's Troops on
their march from the Frontiers to this place, so 'tis

368 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
said. During the long Stagnation of Business, trade
&c &c, no robberies since the play were committed,
which plainly shows how people were supported. So
ciety of arts &c have so fleeced matters for the Home
spun cloth— a skein of yarn is not to be procured.
21s'. All the Bells seta ringing again as soon as
daylight appeared. One o'clock — 21 guns were fired
off of Skids in the Fields to Salute General Allicocke,
being enclosed with a cord and picketting, a Flag —
like an Artillery Park — two large Bonfires were con
structed one for the Sons of Liberty and one for the
Corporation but supposed to be out of the same
fund. And a Holliday throughout the Town Shops
shut &c — Bills printed for the Rejoicings placarded
throughout the town, a large Board fixed on the Flag
Staff — " George 3rd, Pitt — and Liberty " the Inscrip
tion. A Grand illumination throughout the city, ex
cepting where the officers, military and naval resided.
Night ended in Drunkeness, throwing of Squibbs,
Crackers, firing of muskets and pistols, breaking
some windows and forcing off the Knockers off the
Doors. A large Mob of the Sons of Liberty went to
the Fort to congratulate the Governor, three of which,
drunk as they were, had admittance. Wind at S East
and sultry. The Convention of the Clergy. Service
on the occasion in Trinity Church. Sons of Liberty
quarrelled in their Procession regarding the prece-
dancy, who should be the greatest. Clergy of the
Church of England presented an address to the Gov
ernor by the President of the Convention in the name
of the whole. Denied his presence and Rejected
their Address. Allicock the Head of the Sons of Lib
erty, is the son of a Mulattoe woman and receives
daily Five shillings a day from the Crown being em
ployed by Contractors of Provisions here, two of his
Majesty's Council here and is continued. Counsellors
here appointed by the King, for the Encouragement
of the Manufacturers here, alone (of late) wear all
Homespun. Winds easterly.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 369
22nd May — 1766.— The Printer's apology for print
ing Philalethes, wherein he adds to his crime — Winds
S. East.
23"^ Winds S. East. Accounts that the Connecti-
cuts will not suffer their New Governor or Assembly
to take the Oath of Allegiance.
24th. Arrived a Ship in 6 weeks from Liverpool with
a Confirmation of the late affairs. Winds at South,
South East.
25th. Arrived at the Hook the Hind Ship of War-
in her came passenger Major James who sailed the
beginning of the Winter. This Ship in 7 weeks from
Plymouth. The Major brought dispatches for the
Comm' in Chief and Governor here and the Captain
of her to Lord Colvill at Halifax being immediately
bound there and so to England. Advices by her —
Confirmation of the Repeal of the Stamp act and a
further ease to the American trade by taking off sev
eral restrictions. This evening the Governor as usual
condescended to wait on the people of the City at the
Coffee House to relate them the news ; as witness —
"No appeals home, from the Verdict of a Jury here."
26th. Sons of Liberty purpose, now the act is re
pealed, Divesting themselves of their Home spun
clothes, and supposed only to remain with Homespun
hearts. Winds easterly. All business carried on this
Day as formerly. Gave General Burton an Extract
of this Journal from 4"1 September to this day inclu
sive. 27th. Major James's House publickly threatened to
be pulled down should he live in it. By the last —
American affairs left still here to choice. No Estab
lishment or Troops no orders, or measures to prevent
further abuses. The Friends to the Crown unre-
fwarded and the Reb — 11 — s populace a Charte-
1 Blanche. Wind East. Cryer went about Repealing
the Lamb act, giving the inhabitants leave to eat
Lamb by Permission of the Sons of Liberty.
28th. Letters thrown into Houses threatening the
24

370 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Assembly should they indemnify Major James, as
looking on him as an authorized beggar. Wind S.E.
First very warm day.
29th. Presbytry greatly encouraged being 80 minis
ters at the Synod now held here. Presbytry opposite.
Left this for England General Burton and family in
the Prince George — Capt" Hathorn, Merchant man for
Bristol. I attended him with the Comptroller of the
Ordnance Barge and Tender of the Coventry to the
watering place. Wrote letters to England. Hot day.
30th May 1766. Weather very sultry. Wind S.E.
turned to the S. West. A Gust with very heavy rain
and the wind turned to the N East, still continued
Lowring. Sons of Liberty debated at their Enter
tainment whether Allicocke and Pitt should not be
drunk together — Carried in negative by four.
31s' Received orders from Head Quarters as Engi
neer Commanding at New York to transmit the Copy
of the Orders of yesterday to the several officers of
the Corps of Engineers and employed in their Service
relating to Payments of Batteaux and Waggons when
stores are to be carried in lieu of giving certificates
and other receipts to be immediately paid again by the
Deputy Quarter Master General. Wind at S. E.
Rain this Evening. Orders from the Society to again
enforce the Lamb Act.
June Is' 1766. Wind at S.W! clear & cool, rather
chilly early in the morning.
2nd Wrote to the Chief Engineer and sent him the
General's orders relative to the Waggons & Batteaux.
Enclosed the order to Captain Sowers on the Western
District. Wind South East.
3rd. Wind at the same quarter. A vessel from
Antigua with a Barberry Horse on Board.
4*. Wind South — This being the King's Birth day,
the Guns were fired at the Fort on the occasion. The
Officers waited on the Comm' in Chief and went into a
procession to the Fort but not before the Governor
sent an apology, by 2 of the Council, for his not wait-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 371
ing first on the General as has always been customary
" That the Council corporation &c were there with
him " — however the General chose to prevent mis
understandings. The Garland, Coventry and Tended
fired, as did also some guns placed on Skids in the
Fields, where were also 2 Oxen roasted whole. An
Artillery park formed and a S' George Flag, with the
same large board as before " George, Pitt and Lib
erty." The word Pitt the most distinguished. Scaf- -
folds erected Beer and Grog for the Populace, and an
Entertainment or Dinner provided at the City Arms
for the General, Governor, officers military, Naval and
civil, at the Expence of the Inhabitants and cannon
fired at each Toast, accompanied with Huzzas. The
Town entirely illuminated as these Rejoicings for the
Authenticated arrival of the Repeal of the Stamp Act
and the Kings Birth day were to be blended in one
Festival. Arrived the Edward, Cap' Davis from Lon
don in 8 weeks.
5th. Wind S. E'. An Inhabitant Merchant living on
the Docks declared that he was possessed of an Ex
cellent Andrea Ferrara which he would draw at the
head of a Set of resolute fellows upon the Informers
and Custom House officers — that should seize any
Sugars of his for not paying the Duty for notwith
standing the repeal of the Stamp act every other
Grievance shall be redressed.
6th. Winds Southerly. A Principal Inhabitant de
clared that after all the several Restrictions were
taken off the trade and all their several grievances re
dressed they should not be satisfied until Great Bri
tain had made proper concessions for imposing them.
7th. This day the winds at S & S E'. Arrived this
night the Lord Hyde Packet Captain Goddard from
Falmouth. Some resolutions taken off the Trade here,
Sugar to be reduced to 2s — 6d Currency per cent &
molasses one penny per Gallon. Came accounts in
here that the 10th Company's Captain stands fast and
to be allowed full pay. That Co1 Carlton to be Lieu'

372 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Governor of Quebec and Command in the absence o
General Murray, Recalled home.
8th. Winds Southerly & Eastward of South — Ar
rived a Brig from the West Indies — port not chose
j£> be mentioned, a circumstance that often happens
during the Summer. Country Justices treated ill
and beat by the levellers for executing their offices.
9th. Post day — wrote to Boston and Albany. Winds
Southerly. io'h. Winds S. E morning & evening rather cool.
Received orders from the General by the Adjutant
General for drawing a fair Draught of Crown point
and its Environs and thereon to describe the distance of
2000 yards from the salient angle of each Bastion of that
work in order to ascertain the distance of cannon shot
and Limits the Crown choose to appropriate for the
use of the Garrison. At the Same time directed to in
clude the line of Block-houses though without the Dis
tance given.
nlh. Winds S. Easterly — Accounts arrived that
Howard and Mossett from Rhode Island were re
warded, bought over, as well as others when arrived
in England, the former Chief Justice of North
Carolina 500 dollars equal to ^113 and the other sat
isfied & now employed in writing 4 pence Rocking
ham letters to Individuals here to procure peace in
the Colonies.
i2lh June 1766. Winds S. E'. Accounts from De
troit of 2 Soldiers Scalped there, Powtewattamies of
S' Joseph and that the Commanding officer had Seized
two of the same nation by way of reprisals now in
prison. 13th. Winds S. E. Arrived Sir John S' Clair Dep*
0' Mas' General from Trenton.
14th. Winds S. E. Orders for the 2nd Battalion
Royal Americans to relieve the 17th Reg' of Detroit.
Finished the fair draught of Crown point Environs
and Crown limits and presented it to the General
1 5th. Wind S. E. Arrived a Transport with a Cap-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 373
tain of the Highlanders and 99 men of that corps after
having taken possession of the Illinois and relieved
from thence & lost but one man who fell overboard on
the Passage.
i6'\ Wind Southerly Weather intollerably hot &
very little air. This evening a Thunder Gust with
wind, lightning and rain all very heavy. Highlanders
on Board yet — Refused Billetts.
17*. Winds variable, chiefly at E by North. Ar
rived the 46th Reg' from Albany in 4 Sloops. The
28th Reg' daily Expected here from Montreal by the
Northern Communication in order to proceed (as 'tis
said) to Philadelphia. Received from Cap' Sterling,
42nd, the Stores, Lists and Vouchers belonging to
Pensacola, transmitted by Elias Durnford, sub-Engi
neer. Great Contrast in the weather between yester
day and this day, it being rather cool & Chilly and
somewhat raw. Gave the Rout and distances of the
North and South Shores of Lake Erie to the Officer
Commanding the 2nd Battalion Royal Americans now
destined to Detroit and that Communication. Advice
from Detroit that the Powtewattamies of S' Joseph
have scalped 2 of the 17th at the River Rouge within
3 miles of that place and that the Commanding offi
cer had detached a party from the Garrison who made
reprisals — took 2 prisoners of the same nation, but
not of the Same tribe.
1 8th. Heavy weather and misty — wind at N. East.
This night heavy lightning & thunder. At Albany the
Troops 26th &c refused Quarters. The Comm' in
chief sent the Depy Quarter M' General to the Coun
cil this sitting to know whether they propose quar
tering the troops now arrived or not, as they are
still on board in these heavy Rains.
19th. Wind at the East. Wet weather, Sir John S'
Clair again sent by the Comm' in Chief to know of
the Council as before. The Assembly now sitting re
fuse complying with the late act of Parliament relating
to the Billetting of Troops in North America.

374 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
20th June, 1766. Disembarked from on Board the
Sloop the 46th Reg* and marched into the New York
Barracks provided for them consisting of the bare
walls only. Wind at N E & wet weather. The Cor
poration have at last agreed to let necessary utensils
&c be brought for the use of the soldiers out of an
overplus sum 399o£ Sterling which Sir Jeffrey Am
herst had paid them of money borrowed & they not
["refunded. A proclamation issued this day for appre-
) hending 7 of the principal country Levellers for high
Treason with a reward of ,£100 currency for Pender-
grast and 5o£ apiece for the other 6 but no reward
for apprehending those in town.
21s'. Marched from the Fort and embarked for Al
bany on their rout for Detroit, one Company of the
2nd Battalion Royal Americans where the Major part
of that Corps is now destined and on their march to
relieve the 1 7th Reg'. Wind at N East. Cool and
cloudy weather. A Congress of the several upper
nations and others to meet Sir Wm Johnson at Her
kimer's at the German Flats on the Mohawk River.
Pondiac to be present. Came in 2 vessels from the
Bay of Honduras. The assembly sent to the General
that he should have that surplus money to dispose of
towards the quartering and Billetting the Troops —
answer — he did not want to be their agent — however
to know whether he was to dispose of it agreeable to
the late act of Parliament.
22nd. Wind at East— Marched the Detachment of
the 42nd Reg' — 100 men lately from Pensacola to be
quartered at Philadelphia.
23rd. Wind at South. Subscription papers carried
about for a Statue of Mr, Pitt to be erected here,
Assembly addressing the King but not the Parliament]
which they do not acknowledge regarding their Griev
ances concerning the late Billetting act. An address
to Mr. Pitt for his services to America. The Comm'
in Chief gave leave of absence to England to Captain
Lieu' Williams Engineer, on account of his health

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 375
The Government & people of Boston at Logger
heads. 24th. Sailed this day for Philadelphia his Majesty's
Ship the Coventry. 4000 people in Connecticut en
tered into agreement & signed to make an equal
dividend of property there. Marched out of town and
encamped at Turtle Bay near the Powder Magazine
the Detachment of Royal Artillery consisting of 200
men with 8 Field pieces, four — 68 pounders — two-^-
twelve p's and two Howitzers for Preaching, and the
Staff. The Compensation for the losses by vote car
ried to all the sufferers except to the Lieu' Governor
— Nem-Con' tho at the same time declared that they
looked upon his account to be by far the Honestest
and have 'tis said deducted part of his salary during
his administration.
25th June 1766. Employed in shading and putting
together the several communications in this Province
in order to compile a Draught of it. Wind S. west.
Sailed the Packet Captain Goddard for Falmouth,
with Passengers Colonels Vaughan and Pringle.
26th. Wind at N W but gentle and extremely hot.
Boys nightly make procession & burn Effigies, crying
" Pitt & Liberty."
27th. Wind at W N West, gentle weather. Excessly
hot. An Effigy burnt in the Fields ; accounts from
the Manor of Livingston that the 28th Regiment were
landed there.
28th. Wind at N. East. The Troops quartered in
the Barracks and forgot their utensils, Candles &c pro
viding. Advices from the Manor of Livingston that
the Levellers have rose there to the number of 500
men, 200 of which had marched to murther the Lord
of the Manor and level his house, unless he would
sign leases for 'em agreeable to their form, as theirs
were now expired and that they would neither pay
Rent, taxes, &c, nor suffer other Tenants. The
Levellers met by Mr. Walter Livingston the Son who
made a sally with 40 armed men — the 200 having

376 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
only sticks — obliged them to retire, not without their
threatening a more respectable visit on the return of
Col. Livingston of the Manor."
29th. Seventeen hundred of the Levellers with fire
arms are collected at Poughkeepsie. All the jails
broke open through all the countries this side of Al
bany on the East side of the River by people headed
by Pendergrast. 8000 cartridges sent up to the 28th
Reg'. 70 people entered the Court of Justice at Wall-
ingford in Connecticut declaring that no writs or pro
cesses should be issued for debt the Sheriff and a
party were sent after them but suffered much.
30th. The 28'11 regiment now at Poughkeepsie have
secured 8 of the offenders. Intelligence just arrived
from Virginia the Southern Indians seeking protec
tion from the Inhabitants in consequence of which 16
of the 6 nations have been killed and scalped by the
people of Augusta. Wind East. Damage done by
lightning in many parts of the Continent.
July Ist — 1766. Arrived advice from Sir Wm John
son to the Comm' in Chief that the Senecas Indians
have had several of their people scalped by the Au
gusta County men in Virginia having been overpow
ered by the Southern Indians in an engagement with
them and were obliged to seek refuge with the Inhabi
tants who murthered them.
— 2nd. Wind S. West and heat. Account from Albany
that the Sheriff and his party had proceeded to dis
possess some settlers on the Manor of Ransaleer who
were fixed there without title on which a skirmish
ensued, Sheriff had one man Killed, himself shot
through the body — their opponents two Killed — Seven
wounded. A heavy Gust of wind and Rain with
Some lightning and thunder. Sent an Extract of my
Journal to General Burton to this day.
3rd. Wind at N. East— Sailed the Edward— Cap'
Davis for London. Went a recruiting party of the
46th — one Captain three subalterns &c. Arrived his
Brittanic Majesty's Ship Sardaigne from Philadelphia.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 377
A very seditious paper again published by John Holt
the Printer.
4th. Wind at S. west with very heavy rain. Some
Experiments of artillery practised from the Camp of
Royal Artillery at Turtle Bay.
5th. Cloudy weather & showery — wind at N E. Re
ceived orders from the Com' in chief that he should
dispatch me to Albany & Schenechtady shortly.
6th. Wind S. E and wet weather.
7th. Arrived the Packet Cap' Robertson — Wind S.
west. The Com' in Chief wrote circular letters to
all the Commanding officers of Corps.
8th. Wind at S. west.
9th. Wind westerly. This night very heavy thunder
and smart lightning, with rain.
io'\ Wind westerly Excessive heat. Thermom'
(90°. This morning arrived the 28th Regim' with Pen-
\jdergrast the principal country JiebeL ring leader.
Came to the Hook the HawkeCap' Burke having
wintered in the River Severn in Maryland.
1 Ith. Wind at W. N. W. Excessive heat both day
& night.
12th. Wind at S. W. Excessive heat both day &
night. Came in the Canada Post.
/¦> 13th. Wind S°. Rfo^ajLAlbarry^ Great heat this
( night at 12 o'clock. ~ Intense.
14th July 1766. Wind Southerly. Heavy rains this
night with some lightning.
15*. Wind N. East. Rained most of this day,
weather very thick. The Deputy Paymaster General
appointed to receive the Revenues in Specie arising
from the Duty's through the different provinces, these
last two years for the payment of the Troops there
Boston £8.000 York £8000 — Pennsylvania £12.000
South Carolina £10.000 Sterling in specie.
1 6th. Wind at N West and fair weather. Presented
the Comm' in Chief the Pensacola accounts and letters
from Lieu' Durnford Engineer — therefor his approba
tion regarding the payment of the Repairs of the

378 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Officer's Quarters on the Staff there.— Refused — Or
dered by the Comm' in Chief to write his sentiments
thereon to the Engineer. Sailed the Packet for Fal
mouth. No more meetings of the Sons of Liberty
since the arrival of the Troops, no more caballing and
Committees at every corner of the Street, nor even at
present the name of a Son of Liberty mentioned or
one to be ever heard of.
17th. Wind at N. W & windy. Weather fair.
"~ 1 8th. Wind Westerly. Intelligence arrived from
the malecontents of fresh Insurrections up the River.
19th. Wind at W. N. West. Great heat. Fresh
disturbances on the East side of the Hudson's River at
Poughkeepsie. A Detachment ordered from hence of
the 46th one hundred men & officers immediately there
& to proceed at 12 o'ck this Day.
20th. Wind at West. Orders from the Comm' in
Chief for no officers to appear at Head Quarters out
of his Regiment.
2 Ist. Wind at N. West — Advices from Poughkeepsie
that the Rebells have fortified a large House and en
trenched themselves around it. Lieu' of the Artillery
proceeded with the Detachment of the 46th with 14
men and 24 rounds each — one Six Pounder & one
Howitzer. 22nd. Wind at S. W. morning and S. E. in the Even
ing. 23rd. A very thick fog early this morning for the Is'
time this Season. Wind at W'. and in the evening to
the East of South. Received a letter this morning
at 7 from the Surveyor General Alexander Colden
Esq' that upon re-examining the several Patents and
Surveys he had procured me an excellent location
situated on the East side of Lake Champlain to the
Southwards of Otter creek between it & Crown
Point, where a Township had already been marked
out by the New Hampshire Government — that it ex
tended about 3 miles on the Lake and in depth included
part of Otter creek and a valuable Branch of it being

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 379
still water — that the land is rich and comprehends
many acres of excellent meadow land and producing
great quantities of stately timber, and the right indis
putable. The fertility of the East side of the Lake
to the West is evident. Advised with him the De
puty Secretary of the Province and others and found
it for my advantage as being equal if not superior to
my former location which Sir Harry Moore has
thought fit not to grant, as he proposes making a Res
ervation of it for himself, meaning the 10.000 acres in
Waits town on the west side of Connecticut River.
In consequence of which I wrote to the Governor and
delivered my letter to his private Secretary Mr John
French at \ after one. P. M (conditionally) to relin
quish my pretensions to my former location, as per
copy, provided I shall succeed in the grant for the
above lands. Proposed to the Comm' in chief to
make him Triangular Progression of Distances
through the several known Communications in North
America by land and water.
f 24th. Wind at East. Received letters from Detroit.
Pendergrast the Principal of the Country Rebels sent
up the Hudson's River to Poughkeepsie to take his
Tryal. 25*. Wind at E. N. E — Rain all day. Most of the
vessels and even small craft now named Liberty— Pitt
— Liberty & Property.
26*. Wind at E. S. E. Rain very early this morn
ing & cleared up. Came in a Ship from Newfound
land. The Judges gone the Circuit up Hudson's
River to try theRioters or Rebels.
27th. Wind at west. Very low tides. Arrived a brig
from Liverpool which ran aground entering the Port.
28*. Received a note from M' French the Gover
nor's Secretary (private) that the Gov' Sir Harry
Moore will comply with my letter upon my presenting
another petition in the usual form and deliver it to
the Surveyor General to make his report thereon, that
orders for a warrant of Survey should be made out.

380 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Received letters from Quebec. Wind at South East
& lowering heavy mizzling weather. Winds at this point
deemed the most unwholesome here. I waited on
the Surveyor General who was gone out of Town.
29th. Winds at N. E'. — and heavy cloudy weather,
'very close & sprinkling. One of the 28th had his leg
& thigh cut off in the Hospital here that was fired
on by the Pendergrast's party.
30th July 1766. Wind at N. E and small rain. Wrote
another memorial to Sir Henry Moore for a location
for Col Montresor's lands & enclosed it to the Sur
veyor General, agreeable to M' French's letter. A
change in the weather being this day sensibly cooler.
31s'. Wind at S. W — -arrived accounts from Clav-
(erce that the Detachment from hence had landed
there without any loss and that Noble the present
reigning Ringleader had fled with several others of his
Party. August Ist. Winds westerly this morning. After
noon southerly. Remark — The winds are generally
southerly after 12 o'clock — Meridian. Took several
Intersections with a Circumferentor from Crown point
within two miles of the Town in order to join them
to the General's plan. Came in advices from Que
bec and that the Governor had sailed for England.
Letters from Detroit that the Indians are discon
tented. Arrived vessel from Falmouth — had passage
7 weeks & 4 days. Arrived Col Robertson, Barrack
Master General from his tour and last from Quebec.
2nd. Wind at west. Very warm weather. Accounts
from Fort Pitt that Cap' Gordon had left it for the
Illinois in Company with M' Croghan who had with
him 100 of the 6 nations and a large party of the
Delawares and Shawanese.
3rd. Wind N west, intense heat. Tis commonly re
ported that the members of the General assembly
make no scruple of declaring that they shall not grant
Major James the allowance for his losses, till the trade
is open & all restrictions taken off and that when

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 38 1
they do grant it 'twill be currency for sterling — 20io£
(and he shall swear to every particular piece.
4lh. An officer of the 46th arrived Express from Al
bany with an Application from the people to the Gov
ernor to request of the Commander in Chief for more
troops to be sent up the north river as the levellers
continue still very troublesome. Refused. Remark
— They wouldn't be displeased if New York should be
again drained of its regular Troops to carry on the
V.old Game which there seems Hope for. Wind at N
W' & very hot weather.
5th. Wind at N west — & Excessive heat. A war
rant of survey issued from the Governor to the Sur
veyor General for the Surveying of those lands for
Col James Montresor agreeable to my last petition.
200 arms Exchangd with the 28th Reg' from the Ord
nance Store but not before a Survey was taken by
order of the Comm' in chief under the direction of the
Comptroller of the Ordnance who appointed 3 officers
for the survey — viz Storekeeper — Commissary and
Clerk of Stores. Presented to the General a memo
rial agreeable to his desire for the Sum of 800 pounds
New York Currency to be paid into the hands of M'
Wm Forman acting Paymaster for defraying the sev
eral bills drawn on the Chief Engineer on account of
the works carrying on at the several Posts on the Con
tingent account.
6th. Wind at N W, and the heat moderated. Sent
the Extract of my Journal to this day to Major Gen1
Burton together with the publick prints— remainder of
the Journal of the house of Assembly &c. Accounts
from the Circuit, Pendergrast is indited for High
Treason. 7th. Wind at S. west — Arrived a vessel from New
foundland. 8th. Wind at S. west & intense close heat. Sailed
the Minerva for London.
9th. Wind at n East — close Sultry, disagreeable
weather in Evening S. W.

382 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
io'h. Wind at n. n. w'. Excessive heat. ...-Sailed the
Snow, Prince of Wales for London.
IIth. Wind at S. W very warm weather. A. con
siderable mob assembled on the Common consisting
of 2 or 3000 chiefly Sons of Liberty, headed by Sears
in order to come to an Explanation with the Officers
and Soldiers for Cutting down a pine post where they
daily exercised, called by them the Tree of Liberty.
These Sons of Liberty used the most scurrilous and
abusive language against the officers and soldiers
present who never seemed to resent it, till a volley of
Brick Bats ensued and wounded some., upon which
they defended themselves with their Bayonets until an
answer could arrive from the General, which was
brought by Cap' Sherrieffe his aid de Camp who to
gether with the Commanding officer of the 28th Major
Brown were grossly Insulted in the streets and pub-
lickly called Rascals to their Face by one Dawson
formerly a provincial officer and Inhabitant here, at
the same time a riding, as were all the officers &
Soldiers at new York and with a stick attempted to
knock down Cap' Sherrieffe who drew his sword in
his defence, when the mob instantly drew out of their
pockets a case of pistols each, this insult was on their
way to the troops with the Commander in Chief's
orders. The Commanding officer publickly declared
to the mob that if his Soldiers were the agressors they
should be punished and that if they were he expected
they should, if not they should redress themselves.
The Governor Sir H Moore never Interfered. The
principal townspeople (for a wonder) not immediately
at the bottom of this.
12th August 1766. Sons of Liberty swear they will
have satisfaction of the Soldiers and that they will not
permit them to beat their Retreat and Tattoo through
the Streets at their peril. The Drummers doubly
guarded on the occasion, several Town's people bound
over at the Mayor's Court for threatening death
amongst the rest this] [Dawson ; ;,also an officer of the

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 383
28lh for having been heard to say he would revenge
himself on the man that called him a rascal. The
Sons of Liberty erected another high post in lieu of
the other with " George, Pitt and Liberty" and hoist
ed a large ensign thereon.
13*. Wind at n w'. A review of the 28'h Reg'
present — the Comm' in Chief — very hot weather — A
party of the Artillery formed the Square for the
Service with fixed Bayonets, notwithstanding the mob
were for pushing through the Line, saying that the
Ground was theirs.
14th. Wind at west — Heat — Soldiers daily insulted
in the Streets without the least provocation. Proposals
handed about for the Innholders & Inhabitants not to
have any Intercourse with the military or even to ad
mit them in their houses.
15*. — Wind at S. west — a paper handed about and
signed by several for turning out the Military, out of
the city and not to suffer it any longer a Garrison.
The Expedient for effecting it to be fallen on by a
Committee of Sons of Liberty for that purpose. Cap'
Heathcote of Royal Artillery returning from Camp to
the city in a chair was stopped by 20 men armed with
Clubs and Sticks who told them they took him for
Major James and so released him, declaring that had
it been him they would have buried him alive upon the
Spot. This between 12 and one o'clock at night.
The General Examined the above Gentleman.
i6'\ Wind at S. E. Hot weather & Close. Officers
and men insulted when in the Fields at Exercise.
17th August 1766. Sons of Liberty propose that the
market people should not sell any provisions to any
officers or Soldiers. Wind at N. W. weather serene.
The Mayor insulted in his own Court by the Sons of
Liberty for partiality.
1 8th. Sons of Liberty propose to address the Comm'
in Chief that the Soldiers shall not be admitted to
carry their side arms when off duty. They also de
clare " that they will have Justice done them for Liberty

384 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
tree being cut down and if they have not, they will
revenge themselves on the Soldiers as God and Nature
has enabled them." Wind S. W and warm weather.
Major Brown Commanding the 28th Reg' had two writs
served on him each for £5000 damages. Some Gen
tlemen offered him Bail, but he preferred for his
Bail — 2 orderly Grenadiers, with fixed business who
always attend him. One Bark — r merchant flew out
when the Drums were taking their course beating the
Retreat, asking for a sword, one of the Guard gave
him his advice with the but end of his musket, which
settled him and so marched on.
19th. Wm Pendergrast, who was tried at Pough
keepsie and found guilty of High Treason and received
Sentence of Death, begged leave of the Court to admit
him to deliver a few words viz' " That if opposition to
Government was deemed Rebellion, no member of
that court were entitled to set upon his Tryal " which
consisted of Judge Horsem — n — O. Del — y — , Sa — t
Sm — R. 46th Reg4 and Royal Artillery continue their
Field days. This night the Sons of Liberty threw a
large stone into Major Brown's window, broke the
sashes insulted him and made off. — Wind at West.
This day arrivd His Majys Ship the Coventry from
Philadelphia._ 20th. Wind at S. W. The Comm' in Chief sent an
Express to the Detachment of the 28th & 46th now on
the East Side of Hudson's River to join their corps
here, immediately. This morning at 5 o'clock the
Royal Artillery were reviewed together with their
Exercise of Great Guns on a plain about a mile -be
yond Turtle Bay. accounts from the westward or
upper Lakes that the Powtenawattamies of S' Joseph's
have made prisoner of a Soldier belonging to our
Garrison at Fort Chartres. Weather cool and pleas
ant somewhat raw for sometime past.
21s'. Arrived the packet from Falmouth the Halifax
Cap' Boulderson— came passenger Brig' General Carl
ton, Lieu' Governor of Quebec and Commanding offi-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 385
cer of the Troops in Canada. Westerly winds, hot
weather. 22nd. Decamped and marched in the Detachment
of the Royal Regiment of Artillery and Quartered in
the Barracks with the 28th Reg'. Two light field six
pounders planted at each entrance of the Barrack-
yard for the safety of the Troops, &c, and two planted
on the Ramparts of the Fort for Reasons — wind
westerly and hot weather.
23rd. Wind S. West — hot weather — a heavy Gust
of Thunder and lightning and Rain — the rain much
wanted. Thermometer at 12. am — 920. The Com
mon Fly, a mere pest to man and horse.
24th. Wind westerly — Hot weather. Thermometer
Farn' 870 weather extremely hot. Sailed for Albany Sir
H Moore Gover' and Gen1 Carlton L' Gov' of Canada.
25th. Wind round the Compass — Small Gusts of
Thunder and Lightning with a few drops of rain. Ex
cessive heat this night. Thermo' Fan' at 10 o'clock
pm 920 and by Thermometer in the city ioi^°.
26th- Wind Easterly, hot weather. Therm0 Fan!
104^° in the city. Several people fainted with the heat.
Arrived the Detachment of the 28th from Poughkeepsie.
Heat so intense, some dropped dead and many fainted.
27th. Major Brown gave Bail. Wind S.E. Therm"
Fan' 103^. But 80 men of the Royal Artillery ordered
to remain in N. York. Officers and men of the re
mainder prepared for their respective Districts.
28th. Wind round the Compass, lowering weather
all the day, entirely cloudy and a continued thunder.
Regulations that when Soldiers are to pay the Con
tractors for provisions i\ pence Sterling per ration th°
the whole prefer here to purchase their own at the
markets &c. Heavy rains day and night. Thermom
eter decreased. Arrived the Hope from London.
29th. Sailed the Halifax Packet Cap' Boulderson—
passengers Sir Henry Seeton 17th Captain & Cap'
Arnott 46th Reg'.
30th August— 1766. Sailed the Grace — Cap' Cham-
25

386 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
bers for Bristol. Passengers M' Furnis, Comptroller
of the Ordnance, Cap' Wm McCleod late Royal Artil
lery. The Thermo' decreased to 72^° (25^° in 2 days
decrease). The writs taken out against Major Brown
of the 28th Reg' proved not to be actionable. Wind at
N West and Cool
31s'. Sailed the Polly, Captain Farquhar for London.
Wind N W— & Cool. The Coventry Frigate still
remaining at the Hook.
September Is' 1766. Received orders from Major
General Gage Comm' in chief to make a survey and
report of the Islands in the Harbour together with
Red Hook in order to shew the Position they bear to
each other and what advantages might be made with
regard to fortifying them.
2nd. Got the Ordnance barge in order, and applied
to the Adjutant General for a party of men. Procured
them from the 28* Regiment.
3rd. At 6 o'clock this morning set off for my survey
which I continued on, partly with the Theodilite and
partly with the Plane Table. Surveyed Governor's
or Notten Island and part of Red Hook. A whale 49
feet in length cast ashore below the Narrows on the
East Side.
4th. Set off early this morning and continued on my
survey from my last station at Red Hook and pro
ceeded to Kennedy's and Green Islands and finished
the present as far as related to my orders.
5th 6th 7th and 8th. [At his chart, working it up.]
9th. Delivered to the Comm' in Chief my report,
General and particular survey, the former to 400 feet
to an Inch the latter to 200. Also made my design
on that of 200 for fortifying Governors or Notten
Island — protracted 1468 yards from Fort George.
io"1 n'h and 1 2,h. [At work on his fair copy of
survey and report]
13th. Remittances begin to be made home from the
Merchants here. Bills being now more wanted and
Exchange now at i8o£ New York Currency.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 387
17th. Completed my original draught and also the
fair one of the city and Environs together with its
Illustrations and continued on finishing my survey of
the Islands and Harbour.
1 8th and 19*. Finished my General plan of the Har
bour and soundings with the several Islands and part
of the Town — delivered the same to the Com' in
Chief together with a plan of Governor's Island to a
large Scale with a fair draught of my design the whole
approved of by the General and received his orders
to make an estimate to accompany my design. At
the same time mentioned to him my Intention of sail
ing for England this fall. The General made known
to me his private Intentions which I shall insert here
after, having been enjoined by him to secrecy. Di
rected by him to make out Heads for forming a Mili
tary Plan for passing through any country with an
army ; with draughts &c, not here to be inserted. Im
mediately set about the same and began on Copying
some old draughts for the above purpose.
20th. September 1 766. Finished the Brouillon of my
Heads for the above plan &c.
22nd. Delivered to the Comm' in chief the private
papers, Heads &c for forming a military plan for a
considerable Body of Troops to pass through an In
land inhabited country in North America.
29th. Finished a fair Draught of my survey of New
York and Environs for the Lieutenant Governor.
October 6th. Was sent for by the Com' in chief and
received his Instructions in writing to repair to Albany
in order to get the Grant (as a deed of Gift) of the
Ground where Fort Orania stood, the Deeds to be
made out for the Crown to be appropriated for his
Majesty. Store houses to be built on &c. Upon that
condition to take down the remainder of the Publick
Buildings situated in the Centre of the Streets of Al
bany and to be sold for the benefit of the Crown all
as per Instructions, at the same time.
7th. Took my passage and

388 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
8th embarked for Albany. [Embarked from Albany
October 18th on his return to New York and reached
it in the morning of the 21s' of October.]
22nd. Waited on the Comm' in chief delivered my
dispatches. Presented him my Proceedings together
with the copy of the Corporation's Deeds and Release
for his approbation before I should further Execute
his orders. Directed by him to take advice from the
King's attorney General and to fee him to present him
the deed and release to examine to prevent future cavil.
23rd. Attended again on the Attorney General con
cerning the deed, who found it altogether unsafe and
subject to future cavil that the verdict of their Jury at
Albany will re-enter when they release agreeable to the
Tenor of that deed relating to, if in case they should not
be occupied or misapplied and that it would be more
advantageous to the Crown to have the Deed made
out immediately to the King, his heirs and successors.
24th — October 1766. Presented to the Comm' in
Chief in writing the minutes of advices given me ver
bally by the King's Attorney General.
29th. Received leave of absence for England for 6
months — Paid this passage 10 guineas and 12 for my
provision & found myself.
30th. I embarked on Boiird the Brittanic — Cap' Jef
fries, master at 8 o'clock this morning and at \ after
for London. The owner of this vessel Robert Mur
ray Merchant at New York a Quaker. Burthen 300
tons — Built last year at New York. Passengers
Captain Michelson — Captain Skene — both of the 28th.
Captain Standish Royal Artillery and Lieu' Willocks,
69th besides others. The Ships lading — Logwood —
Iron— Nicaragua wood — Pot Ash — Pitch — Tar — Cot
ton. Timbers of this ship of Cedar, Locust and Mul
berry trees. Lining — oak— Locust preferred now to
the Rest, value of this vessel complete 4coo£ New
York currency. Drawing 15 feet water. At Sea-
Crew 12 seamen, only 2 can hand reef or steer. Crew
mutinous, one threatened to murther the Captain.

JOUR> XS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 389
November 2 th (1766). England Falmouth.
3°' • Hired .ost horses and chaise and set off at 1 1
this morning 0r London. Arrived this night at S'
Columb, a v Aage in the County of Cornwall, 28
miles from Falmouth.
December Ist. Arrived at Oakhampton.
2nd. At Exeter.
3' . Set off in the Flying Machine four horses and
2 postillions f r London at 2 this morning. Arrived
at Salisbury.
4' . Set off it 2 this morning and arrived after dark
in London.
5th London. Went to the War Office to deliver my
Dispatches, n > one to be seen. To the Treasury and
delivered the r Dispatches to Grey Cooper Esq' Sec
retary to it.
6th. Delivei ed my Dispatches from the Comm' in
Chief to Lord Barrington Secretary at War. Waited
on General Burton, Sir Jeffrey Amherst, Colonel
Barre, Lord Townsend, General Webb, Colonel
Howe, Sir Jo m Johnson.
7th Decembt v 1766. Went to the Tower to wait on
M' Boddingtc 1.
8th. Waited on Col Barre — General Monkton.
9th. Waited on Co1 Amherst.
io'h. Was .ntroduced by General Burton to the
Marquis of C -anby.
IIth. Atten. -d on M' Boddington at the Tower also
on Sir Jeffrey Amherst.
12th. On tl . marquis of Granby at Knightsbridge
but not at ho: ie.
13th. On C 1 Barre. Made out my memorial and
case to be pr sented to his Majesty setting forth my
services in N rth America for the last Twelve years.
1 6th. Went vith Sir Jeffrey Amherst to his seat in
Kent to pass ome days.
19th. Retur ed from Sir Jeffrey Amhersts with him to
London. Pre nted to Sir Jeffrey my memorial and case
(intended for is Majesty) for his perusal and advice.

39°

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MON RESOR.

22nd. Waited on Sir Jeffrey Amh
pleased to alter my memorial to his M

rst who
iesty and

my case, and returned it to me ; app

offered
;h me to

his
the

was
also
,,.> ...,...,,.,  ,  .,. ... .... ...,. , „,,,, -ed to him to
present it to the Marquis of Granby to be presented
to his Majesty, thought by him improper as rep
resenting his Majesty as Comm' in Chief but advised
him by him to present with another rr :morial to the
Secretary of War, at the same tin-
Services in sending of it and going ¦«
Marquis of Granby.
23rd. Was sent for by Sir Jeffrey Am
quainted me he had received from Li
den a letter, which he thought worthy
to his Majesty and that he should prese nt it to Lord
Shelburn Secretary of State. Walked with him to
Tylers an Eminent Statuary in order
assist him by making a perspective viev
and its Fortifications from some of my d
I undertook, the Intention of this, is to
Stone, in order to be fixed in the Pe
Door, in the Front of the Principal Stor
now building on his Estate at River He;
26th. To Firham.
27th. Returned to London.
January 2nd, 1767. I settled my acco
Boddington Esq' my agent at the Towe
took my abstract. And took my Cap
of Engineers out of the office dated
1765 in the room of Wilkinson — prefen
3rd. Drawing a perspective view of M
Jeffrey Amherst to be cut out in marble
Statuary, in order to be fixed in the pt
Door of his new house building at h
River Head Kent.
4th. Sent for by Co1 Barrd with regarc
affairs. February 2nd, 1767. Waited on his G
bishop of Canterbury, at his Palace at 1
livered him a letter with some interest

lerst who ac-
u' GOv' Col-
of presenting

that I might
- of Montreal
awings which
be cut out of
liment of the
of his House
d Kent.

mt with John
London and
.in Lieutency
8th December
1. ntreal for Sir
by M' Tyler,
liment of the
seat at New
to my private

lce the Arch-
•mbeth. De-
S Particulars

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 39 1
from North America in relation to the Coalition between
the Dissenters of Scotland and North America &°. was
offered his Lordships good offices in what manner I
should choose to employ them.
4th. Applied to Sir Jeffrey Amherst to take me to
Lord Granby's. Agreed to meet him there Levee day.
n'h. Lord Granby's Levee day. I attended his Lord
ship Indisposed. Presented Co1 Fawcett his military
Secretary with my memorial and services in order to
be delivered to Lord Granby and referred him to Sir
Jeffrey Amherst. Applied for a Majority by Brevet.
12"1. Attended at Lord Granby's at the Ordnance
Board, Palace yard for the answer which was given by
Co1 Fawcett viz* — That his Lordship thought that I
merited what I applied for, But that His Majesty was
very averse to giving Brevets, But that if I would ac
cept of a company in the foot & quit my Engineer's
Commission, he would give it me, as then it would be
in his power to put me in the way of promotion. Re
fused and giving reasons.
April 3. Waited on Lord Granby at his Graces the
Duke of Rutlands agreeable to appointment with him.
Presented him with General Gage's letter to him set
ting forth my services [transmitted] me by the oppor
tunity of Moncrieffe. His Lordship requesting me to
wait on him on Sunday morning early.
April 5th 1767. Attended on Lord Granby who was
pleased to grant me a private conference with him at
Knightsbridge. I acquainted him that as it seemed
some difficulties might arise in relation to my obtaining
the Rank as Major on the British Establishment, I
humbly begged he would be pleased to grant me a
special Commission to appoint me Chief Engineer of
Canada the Importance of which Post would conse
quently give me Superior Rank, that I asked no
additional Pay from the Government to obviate any
difficulties and the Rank as Lieu' Colonel in America
only — that it might not anyways affect the Corps, I
had the honour to' serve in — Explained to him the hard-

392 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
ships the Corps laboured under during the war in not
being admitted to take Rank agreeable to their Com
missions &°. Answer — that he was very ready to
comply with my request and only begged leave to
have time to judge of the propriety of it and that he
might not do any Injustice to others and as to the
Rank he was surprized that Sir Jeffrey Amherst could
commit so egregious a mistake, a man of his good
sense, when our Commissions pointed out our right to
command agreeable to Seniority.
April 8th. Gave la Roque, Engraver, my plan of
Canada reduced to be engraved from Isle de Bernaby
& Bic quite to Montreal.
May Ist. Constantly attending at the 2 Engravers to
assist them in the Executions of the several Draughts
I have given them to Engrave for me viz' one of Nova
Scotia, one of the Province of New York, one of
Canada from the first Island to Montreal and one of
the City of New York and Environs with the Bosen
Harbour and Channel from the Hook.
2nd. Got 2 of my plans of New York and Environs
with the Hook and Channel from the Engravers being
just finished. Engraved by La Roque, in the Strand,
upon the Examination of it found Thirty one Erratas.
I addressed it to the Honourable Major General Gage.
May 4th 1767. Attended at the Review of Lord
Pembroke's Regiment before his Majesty in Hyde
Park. June IIth. Waited on Lord Granby. He told me
he knew my zeal and activity during the late war in
North America and that he should be happy in serv
ing me and would [give me] that Canada district he
had promissed, that with regard to my rank as Lieu'
Col in America he would speak to the King. Men
tioned to him my loss of Baggage and having served
two Expeditions as Chief Engineer without the 10 shil
lings per day as others, desired that I should repre
sent it and he would push it at the next Board.
July 3"1. Passed the Board for appointing me prin-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 393
cipal Barrack [master] for the Ordnance in North
America. July 1 6th. Took my leave of Lord Granby.
July 24th — with regard to the Widows of Engineer's
Pensions. July 25th.— Signed the letter to Lord Granby relat
ing to the widows' pensions.
July 31s'. Received my warrant as Chief Barrack
master of the Ordnance for North America — signed
July 21s' 1767 — and pay commenced the Is' July — 1767.
Received it from the Secretary to the Honourable
Board of Ordnance at Lord Granby's house at Knights-
bridge. August [ J. Took' post Horses and went down
into Kent to Sir Jeffrey Amhersts at River Head to
have him certify my accounts presented to the Board
and concerning my loss of baggage and time of ser
vice — two campaigns as Chief Engineer. Refused.
August 12th 1767. Arrived Post at Falmouth.
August 13th. At 6 o'clock this afternoon embarked
on Board the Lord Hyde Packet boat bound to New
York and immediately sailed.

IX.
Report of John Montresor, Engineer to General
Gage, concerning the Site of Fort Orange at
Albany. October 13th 1766. At 2 o'clock this afternoon ar
rived shewed my Instructions to Colonel Bradstreet
agreeable to them. Employed Mr Sylvester the Law
yer to draw out the Deeds, for making over the Land
where Fort Orange stood to the Crown. Took his
Advice in some cases with regard to acting in further
behalf of the Crown. Employed Bloodgood a Mas
ter Carpenter to assist me in marking out in Lots
the large provision Store house and Forage house,

394 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
in order when put up at Vendue for the greater ad
vantage of sale for the Crown : Gave directions to
the Several Departments to move out their stores
belonging to the King, into that near the River's
Edge called Kilby's store. The quarter Master Gen
eral's Department Chose to remove theirs into a Room
of the Hospital, required a Room there to be wind
tight, and water tight, gave the necessary directions
to Bloodgood the Carpenter to effect it. Gave him
also directions to prop up M' Kilby's Store House near
the River's Edge, in order to support the stores now
to be lodged therein upon a Remonstrance from the
Department to that Intent.
I marked out the Boundaries of the Fort (Fort
Orange) directed by the Edges of the Counterscarp,
which I produced, and terminated them in an Angle
for my given points, agreeable to general Rules in such
cases, where there are no outworks, Covert way, or
Glacis. Not to notice the distance, and Radius of."
Cannon or Musquetry.
October 14th. Waited on Colonel Bradstreet and
acquainted him in what manner the Corporation pro
posed serving the Crown viz' — That I had met Mr Syl
vester &c &c as per Copy of the Deeds consisting of
conditions of the Gift, below the Dignity of the Crown
in my opinion to accept and pitifull in the Corporation
in their Requisitions.
He Col Bradstreet, advised that should they not
conform entirely agreeable to the Commander in Chiefs
instructions, to leave every thing as I found them and
proceed to New York and make my Report thereof.
Advised by M' Sylvester to leave the Stores within
the Storehouses, and not to remove any more, as they
had indited them as nuisances three times already and
should have taken them down had not the King's
stores then occupied them (this to myself.)
Meetings of the corporation twice and three times a
day concerning the Point now in question. At 8
o'clock this evening I sent for the Mayor out of the

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 395
Meeting, being then sitting, to inform him, that did the
Corporation not conform to the first Paragraph of the
Commander in Chiefs Instructions directed to me, I
should decline any further transaction for the present,
and make my Report thereof, which was also Colonel
Bradstreet's opinion. Upon which the Mayor again
repeated that he thought the objections I started were
very reasonable, that he had acquainted the corpora
tion therewith, and that they should be redressed. All
this relates to the Conditions they were for imposing
on the Crown. I again insisted upon their ascertain
ing the Boundaries (granted) in the Deeds, to be
specified in a very particular manner to prevent any
future Disputes, and which could not be done in a
more accurate and equitable a Way than that I had
traced on the spot, but that I had observed some pick
ets on the interior Body of the Old Work, irregularly
and improperly stationed, which I understood had
been this afternoon planted by Mr Bleiker the surveyor
which I apprehended was with no other intent than to
defraud the Crown, not being conformable to, the tenor
of the General's letter to me vizt "the Ground where
Fort Orange stood."
I could understand in no other light than that
area or quantity of Ground which Fort Oranie ori
ginally occupied ¦ and not agreeable to their promise
to the Commander in Chief. I entreated earnestly
with the Mayor that matters might be expedited and
hoped there might be no more cavilling or prevaricat
ing with regard to that piece of land, which was
deemed by the world (already) to belong to the
Crown. Remark — Found that mild and moderate
means ineffectual and only served to retard the prog
ress of this affair.
October 15th. A Council again this morning at 8
o'clock. I set the workmen to work under Kilby's
Store House to prop it up with Stauncheons, braced
to the Work & to the Ground. The Departments
continued moving their Stores, which I put a stop

39^ JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
to till the Council was over, in order that I might
be better able to judge how to proceed as per remark
the last Paragraph in page — .
At Eleven o'clock this morning received a message
from the Council sitting, by two of the Members,
Alderman Bogart and Mr Van Allen from the City
Hall, to be informed of the particulars of the objections
I had made relating to their first Original of the Deeds
— explained them to them. Requested by them in the
name of the Council to attend at the City Hall. Com
plied with the same and carried my plans relating
thereto. Furthermore explained my objections to their
Deeds and signified the same, article per article. Was
shewed by them General Gage's original letters which
seemed to comprehend that the Engineer sent, would
conform to the agreement (regarding the land) as
settled between the Corporation and the Consistory of
the Dutch Church. Procured the Brouillon or Orig
inal Draught of the Deeds, with the intended Condi
tions to be imposed on the Crown. Agreed with the
Corporation and the Deeds ordered by them immedi
ately to be made out.
Applied to them for permission for as much land
round the Fort, as to admit of as much Breadth as
Waggons to go and return round the same, and as it
would [be] the means to prevent the Storehouses from
the Danger of Fire, from the proximity of the neigh
bouring Buildings, which the increase of time might
bring about.
I went at 4 o'clock this afternoon according to ap
pointment with Mr Bleiker Surveyor and some of the
Corporation and Wardens of the Dutch Church, on
the Ground called Fort Orania, and marked the same
over again, by which I gained nine foot six inches on
the Breadth of the River and four feet four inches in
depth making in all the Square Contents of 140 feet
6 inches, along the River, by 125 feet in Depth, com
mencing at 44 feet to the southward of the South-
wardmost inhabited lot of the City, the Eastwardmost

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 397
Boundary formed by the fixed Boarded Fence, which
runs parallel to the Road and River. Continued on
Kilby's Store and the Hospital. At 6 o'clock this
afternoon rode out to Colonel Bradstreet's and ac
quainted him with the particulars within mentioned.
The whole approved of, Excepting the manner the
deed is executed which should be instead of (" as long
as his Majesty and his Heirs and successors should
require it ") for his Majesty and his heirs for ever
&-c. Acquainted the Mayor therewith, which he posi
tively refused, declaring 'twas exacting from the Cor
poration more than the General required ; that the
tenor of the Deed ran sufficiently ample for his Ma
jesty and his heirs to injoy that spot for ever, as long
as it was employed for the use of his Storehouses.
Informed Colonel Bradstreet again therewith who
gave me his opinion as before, together that the former
letters which had passed between the General and
Corporation were not what I was to consider of, but
his last Instructions to me were what I must abide
by ; as he termed it " a Codicile to the rest," being of
a subsequent date. And that if they did not conform
to them in every particular, he thought that 'twas my
duty to proceed to New York without delay, and
make my Report thereof to the Commander in Chief.
Stopped the Departments from proceeding further
with removing their stores and provisions till such
times affairs were determined.
October 1 6th. Related to M' Duow, Mayor, what
passed between Colonel Bradstreet and me, and that
the matter only rested with him the Colonel. Answer
that he should immediately assemble the Council, but
for his part 'twas no more than he expected &c &c.
(Private). And that the Corporation would write by
me to the General, and that he should soon set_ off
himself, and would explain matters in person. Waited
on Colonel Bradstreet — not at home.
October 17*. At Seven o'clock this morning went
out and waited on Colonel Bradstreet, shewed him

398 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
the Deed and Release, and also their Resolves of the
8th of October 1765, which the General had already
seen. Continued in his Opinion as before. Explained
to him that the Condition in the deed, regarding the
Storehouses ever becoming useless to the Crown I
having prevailed on the Mayor to agree to eraze the
same as exceptionable. The tenor of the Deed being
what he Colonel Bradstreet Rejected not being exe
cuted for ever. A Committee of three of the Com
mon Council came to me to know if I accepted of their
offer or not. Answer " I cannot at present."
October 18th. Waited on Colonel Bradstreet for his
determinative resolutions, which were as before — and
gave me as his opinion that I should proceed without
further delay to New York, and explain the particu
lars to the Commander in Chief, which would be more
expeditious than by transmitting them by Post, an
Interval of sixteen days, from this day. After com
pleating the propping up and repairing of Kilby's
Storehouse near the River side took my passage in an
Albany Sloop, and sailed at 6 o'clock this Evening
for New York. On embarking received a letter from
Colonel Bradstreet for the Commander in Chief. Re
mark — The latter part of Page — relating to M' V. P
Duow Mayor is as follows — That for his part as an
Individual, he should object in Council to any former
agreement with the Commander in Chief regarding
the Deed, since this was the Case, and as Mayor make
a total renunciation to any future Grant, and that mat
ters might remain as they now stood, and that they
the Corporation would find means for taking down the
King's Storehouses, by the civil power, since the
Military one has not took place — that the General
very well knew, that they would meet with these Diffi
culties by leaving matters to rest with Colonel Brad
street, who was always at variance with them. I ex
postulated with him upon this hasty declaration, but
to no effect. John Montresor
Albany October 18th 1766. Engineer.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 399
X.
Notes on Castle William (Fort) September 14TH,
1770, bv John Montresor Engineer.
September 19th 1770. Upon again laying before the
Lieu' Governor, General Gage's letter of Instructions
to me of the 4th September, and at the same time
giving him for his Perusal my letter to the General of
the 17* September together with an Enclosed report
of the present state of Castle William with its Bar
racks Magazines, Casemates, and Store Houses and
the Condition of its Batteries and outworks, he en
tirely approved of my several Projections excepting the
Constructing the new piles of Officers and Soldiers
Barracks, for one Regiment which at the same time
he did not disapprove of, but did not altogether think
that step consistent with the letter of my Instructions
pointed out to me in the second Paragraph ; but that
whatever General Gage's Intentions might be in that
respect, he would wish to have complied with.
Upon this I gave Lieu' Colonel Dalrymple my in
structions again to peruse and informed him of the
Lieu' Governor's sentiments in regard to the scheme
now pursuing and already undertaken, which he (Lieu'
Co1 Dalrymple) could not possibly come into (those
sentiments) and that General Gage's meaning could
be construed no other ways than for compleating Bar
racks for two Regiments & that undoubtedly if they
could not be accommodated within the Castle they
must be without and desired I would prosecute my
Design with all Dispatch. Lieu' Governor Hutchinson
observed that the difference of a fortnight would not
make any great difference in carrying on the said Bar
racks, whereby I might write and receive an answer
from General Gage respecting them. I observed to
him that a fortnight at this late season would make
the difference of either making the Barracks habitable
for the Reception of the Troops or not. He remarked

400 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
to me, that he would be glad to save appearances and
would wish to have had them rather called Store
Houses than Barracks. Lieu' Co1 Dalrymple very
justly observed, that those points did not affect us.
General Gage's letter of the 23'd expressly forbid
ding me pursuing the design of building a new pile ot
Barracks agreeable to his commands of the 4' oi -Sep
tember. Part of the Barracks framed— 6 rooms below
and as many above and double work making 24 rooms.
Lieu' Co1 Dalrymple recommended to me to erect them
as additional Barracks for the 14th Regiment— they
not having their full Complement of Rooms. I ob
jected to it showing him the General's letter which
directs the completing those the 14th are quartered in,
but undertake no more.
Return of Cannon mounted on the several works at
Castle William, Governor's Island— North and
South Battery at Boston November ist, 1770.

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JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 40I
The Engineer who built Castle William was Colonel
Wm Romer sent there for that purpose by King Will
iam the 3rd. In his craving some assistance at the
General Court at Boston, one of the Puritans rose up
and said, " That mud walls and prayer was a sufficient
Defence." The Engineer replied (with submission to
the representative) " that a stone one with good Guns
and ammunition was no bad one." Governors Island,
anno 1744, was fortified when Due D'Anville was ex
pected, Noddle Island has good spring water ; there
is on it a Hill called Camp Hill where the 3 Regiments
encamped belonging to Sir Hovenden Walker and on
which the Troops were encamped for the Expedition
against Louisbourg under the Command of Sir Wm
Pepperall. Governor's Island contains 74 acres, three
of which are Pallisaded in & confessedly belonging to
the Crown even by the Proprietors of that Island heirs
to Lieu' Governor Winthrop from whence, called Gov
ernor's Island. There are 3 Batteries — two at Boston
and one of Charleston all directed to the water, all in
very bad repair. The North Battery the best, though
bad, the South Battery the next, and the Charleston
one irreparable. The grand Powder magazine on the
Common at Boston will contain 1500 Barrels of Pow
der. Governors Island — four 12 pounders and six 9
pounders in all ten guns. North Battery at Boston
seven 12 pounders, two 9 pounders and two 6 pound
ers in all 1 1 guns. South Battery at Boston as per
tabulated Return.
Difficulties that arise in carrying on the present work
at Castle William September 14, 1770, Being the
day I arrived here from New York.
The season being too far advanced especially for
masonry as no morter work without, ought to be car
ried on after the month of October.
Forty men only to be obtained from the 14th Regi
ment for a working party on account of the Strength
26

402 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
of their Guards, 74 men in the Hospital of the Bloody
Flux. At present supplying the Garrison with Fuel,
Straw & Provisions, from the Barrack master & Con
tractors, together with servants, cooks, Bargemen,
Boatmen and on furlough, sentinels, regimental fa
tigues, Taylors &c &c.
The 111 disposition of the malecontents at Boston,
whereby every article becomes more Expensive and
withall not the best of their Kind : as they are for a
service very repugnant to their republican Inclinations
and for making formidable a Post just taken out of
their hands — Castle William.
The soil at Castle William (after the first stratum
being one foot) not very kind, composed of hard clay
and Stones.
The Soldiers perpetually stealing the Tools and
Materials for the Works.
The Troops not being allowed fuel for Guard rooms
until the 28th October, they nightly take away the ma
terials. Works when carried on upon sudden emergencies
and to be dispatched with all possible Expedition (as
in the present case) cannot be expected to be executed
with that regularity or economy as might be wished.
A remarkable wet autumn as has been known for
many years.
The Situation of the Castle being on a Hauteur for
the Transportation of materials.
Forty men out of the 14'11 being allowed until the
17th October and 50 and ten of them or more gener
ally delinquent.
The Tempest of Saturday the 20th October at N N.
East whereby was carried away Centry boxes, Wheel
barrows, most of the squared timber and Frame work,
4000 Pallisades ready squared and pointed, 3000 pine
Boards, 1000 Plank, several 100 pieces of Scantling, all
the fascines and Brush, 50 Hhds of Lime and several
Lighters of sand, stove most of the Boats, drove down
a stack of Chimneys through the roof into my Room.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 403
The wooden wharf as a Breakwater raised up and
part carried off as were all the Bay Houses.
The Demolition and removal of the several old and
useless Buildings, within the works of Castle William.
The early setting in of the Frosts at the clearing up
of the several Rains.
The Inhabitants not working on Sundays.
The present non-Importation agreement still sub
sisting amongst the Merchants and Inhabitants where
by what is wanted becomes exorbitant.
The Shortness of the days at this season.
The Bloody Flux.
The time to effect the services I am now charged to
execute being circumscribed as the last of November
should close the works from the severity of the weather,
nothing can be well carried on without after that time.
The last day of October the weather so intense as
to oblige the artificers to work under cover great part
of the day.
The immoderate sight of materials stole, that the sev
eral Huts are now composed of the Crown's ma terials.
No materials whatever previously provided.
The several Artificers working in general as suited
them best with respect to time, an Entire Indiffeience.
This season dearer than others being Harvest and
Labour exorbitant.
The materials on my arrival in general not to be
procured here viz' — Timber of 40 odd feet, Pickets for
Pallisades, Brush for Fascines — and Picket oak plank.
Sent for upwards of 100 leagues to the Eastward
and again by not having bespoke before hand obliged
to accept of the Timber &c at Improper lengths which
what with Hewing and Wastage at the two Extremi
ties amounts to upwards in Tonnage of 50 per cent
loss to the Crown.
December 6th being a Thanksgiving, no artificers
work. November 28th. The First of the snow remaining on
the Ground being now 6 inches deep and much em-
barresed the several workmen in clearing of the same.

404 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
The Materials wanted at the Works at Castle Will
iam from time to time, not only to be bespoke at a
Great Distance but also to be brought from that great
Distance and then frequently to Boston especially all
kinds of Lumber, there to be sun eyed and from
thence to be reshipped and transported to Castle Isl
and there carried up the Hill to the respective
works, which are in a perpendicular line 42 feet 9
inches above High water mark.
The Bleak Exposure of Castle William affects the
works considerably and likewise in the Carrying them,
insomuch that they may be carried on at Boston, a
fortnight after they are closed on this Island owing
to the above Reason.
The present necessity of forming on this Island the
various kinds of materials to the Dimensions wanted,
whereby wastage Tonnage &c is to be considered.
The present rate of workmanship when compared
with that of the Town, from situation and circum
stances. The total In-attention throughout respecting the
forwarding the Service, in a particular Channel.
Another Circumstance which makes the Expenses
of Work here appear greater than they really are
viz' — the Spanish milled Dollar is received by the
Engineer at four shillings and 8 pence Sterling and
paid by him for workmanship and materials at four
shillings and six pence only.
Concerning the particular survey of Fort Castle
William &¦ the Harbour, Kings Road, adjacent
Islands &c &c.
[ Nip tides— Eleven feet to Highwater
Tides. -j Full and change — fourteen feet and after
( a gale from sea — fifteen feet.
I Nantasket Road the safest anchorage
Anchorage, -j for vessels far exceeding Boston Har-
( bour.

No- 8. Page 405.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.

405

Dockyards.

Soundings.

Opposite the Royal Battery the deep
est water in case Government should
think fit to build Dockyards but very
much exposed to the N East winds
which very much agitate the waters
there. Lovel's Island good water preferable for
drinking to all the other Islands or Town
of Boston and this generally affirmed to
be the only situation for Dock yards
for the Royal Navy respecting the Depth
of Water and the Communication thereto
principally, but greatly exposed from the
violence of the Ocean.
At 1 20 feet below Low water mark on
N East side of Castle William is the
front of the Royal Battery (built in 1701)
there is 3 Fathoms of Water being the
Edge of the Channel.
What is called the Narrows in the navi
gation from the Light house to King's
,s , , road, particularly near the Black Rock,
' the opposition that maybe made there
seems to be the Hinge on which the In
habitants chiefly depend.
( The principal well at Castle William is
w ,, J in the North East Front near the Royal
j Battery it is by far the best water and
best supplied at all seasons.
Hillsborough redout for 150 men.
[See Illustrations. No. 8.]
Defects in the Construction of the Original works at
Castle William.
The 8 flanks of the Fort at right angles with the
Curtins. No Banquettes at all to defend any of the
works. All the Parapets crenelled, weakened thereby

406 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
and Insignificent. The Parapets no Battery or Talus,
either within or without. Drains wanting to the
works. No Bombproof within the Fort, but the two
Casemates. No single Face, Flank or Curtains alike
in thickness. The area of the Fort too contracted.
The Platforms throughout of Pine. The pallisading
of the couvert way too feeble. No Ramp for trans
porting the Cannon to and fro from the Works. Wells
80 feet deep and no pumps. Gates and Barriers not
sufficiently secured. Shirley's of 42 and four Gun
Batteries of Twelve pounders too elevated. Guerites
to the Fort and Batteries. The works of the Fort
embarrassed with ordnance or decayed carriages.
The wharf or retaining work round the Island to pre
serve the soil and secure the works being of wood
in lieu of stone. The North East polygon which im
mediately opposes the Channel not sufficiently thick
and the same of the rest. The Grand Powder Maga
zine Exposed and ill secured. The Escarpe or Face
of the Body of the Fort constructed of rough stone
instead of Hammered. The royal Battery constructed
a fleur d'eau so much so as to subject itself to the
Commanding fire from the Enemy's ships' tops. No
sufficient accomodations provided for the Garrison
(within the Fort) necessary for its Defence. Principal
Well of Castle William 80 feet in depth.
Since General Shirley's first being Governor of
Boston, the Works, Ordnance, and military Stores of
Castle William has cost the Crown £"30.000 to the
present time. Shirley battery constructed in 1747,
Since Duke D'Anvilles Expedition. Four times a
year for the Exercise of the Great Guns and the De
fence of the Batteries the following was the Disposi
tion. One Regiment of 900 men from Dorchester and
3 Companies from Chelsea, one of which was detached
to the Block house in Governor's Island. Remark —
50 men including officers are the present established
Garrison of Castle William by this Province — 25 of
which were either hutted or hired out (said) for want

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.

407

of room, the rest of the Quarters converted chiefly
into apartments and conveniency for the Governor &
Lieu' Gov'.

Private Memorandums respecting the Barracks of the
1 4"1 Reg* without Castle William.
The men are entitled to 36 Rooms and two more
for an Hospital, make 36 for a Regiment & 24 for the
officers — Total 62.
The long Barracks of the 14th Regiment and which
I am now repairing is 301 Feet 6 inches long and 36
feet 4 inches broad and 6 inches thick.
23 rooms for Officers — 25 for Men — in all 48 —
Seven rooms in adjacent pile viz' Col Dalrymple has
3 — two kitchens and two mess rooms and 6 rooms in
the above pile — three occupied by Majors and three
by subalterns.

Rooms in Castle William — with their dimensions
and how occupied October 1770.

Soldiers racks.

Bar-

Serjeant — 1
Corporal & 10
men of Royal
Artillery.
and in the 3 upper ones the 2 Castle Gunners
& a revenue officer.

Six rooms with
six chimneys
 feet by
feet  .

As Soldiers Bar
racks.

'Two casemates
with 2 Chim
neys  feet
by  feet.

Artificers in one
and Garri
son sutler in
tother.

Officer's guard ( An officer's Guard Room
room formerly < with a Chimney  feet
Bread room. ( by  feet just built.

408 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
AT , „ , ( Serjeants Guard room j Men's
Men s Guard- j ^ a chimney  I guard
room- ( feet by  feet. ) room.
The Chapel  feet by  feet— Chapel with
arms.

The Cap' of the f Two Rooms with one Chimney.
Forts rooms | East room 13 Feet 10 inches
who is Lieu' to \ by 16 Feet 3 inches — west
that establish- j one 13 Feet 10 inches by 11
ment. ( Feet 6 inches.
The Captain of f Small center Room in the"") ^a

vV
•"•I c
w

the Fort occu-

i

for his servants.

Northwest Curtin no ! .2 S >>

pied this room ' chimney  feet by

feet.

o E rt
<£ o «

The Royal Battery that directly opposes the Chan
nel and consists of  was built in the year 1701.
From a late estimation, what will now be wanted to
repair thoroughly the Dockyards at Halifax will more
than half pay the Constructing new ones at Boston.
This Harbour is one of the finest in the Universe,
'tis true the making of the Land is rather intricate.
What is remarkable is that 50 Sail of the Line might
be moored in a part of it without being discovered
viz' through Nantasket Road into Braintree Bay oppo
site to German Town. Principal well at Castle Wm
80 f' deep.
Only 3 pilot Boats belonging to Boston, one of
them Province and 2 to the Tenant of the Light house,
but all Piloted by the Same Family for many years
past. Notes by John Montresor.
1 77 1. 19th October. No Passengers offering and the
stage coach already filled I hired a Chariot and four
Horses at Providence this morning and reached Boston

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 409
at sun set being 45 miles. Waited this evening on L'
Co1 Dalrymple commanding the 14th Reg' at the Castle
and acquainted him with my Orders from the Com
mander in Chief.
20th. Sunday.
22nd. Shewed L' Co1 Dalrymple General Gage's In
structions to me and this same day laid the same be
fore Gov' Hutchinson.
26* Oct. I received by the Post, General Gage's
warrants for 200o£ sterling as a temporary credit to
enable me to carry on the works at Castle William
agreable to his Instructions to me of the 8th Ins'.
Castle William, Oct. 28th 1 771 — Opened the works.
Inhabitants of the Town of Boston 1771 are 20.000
Souls ; capable of carrying arms in Province of Mas-
sachusets 130.000 men. The Inhabitants of Philadel
phia delivered into L' Gov' Richd Penn 1772 were
40.000. November 7"1 — Received a letter from the General's
Secretary. 10th. Received a letter from Gen1 Gage dated Novem
ber 4th.
11th. Answered the Genls letter of this date. Wrote
a letter to Cap' Maturin and enclosed him the abstract
of Disbursements for the Repairs of Castle William
Barracks occupied by the 14th Reg' in order to have a
warrant sent.
Monday Nov 25, 1771. Set out from Boston for
New York from thence april 6 — 1772 to Phil3,
April 17 — Arrived at New York.
May 18, 1772. Set out from Boston for Philadel
phia via New York to trace out the Fortress upon
Delaware and arrived on the 31s', and arrived at Bos
ton June 23d, the works having never been discon
tinued at Castle William.
Augusts, 1772. Closed the works at Castle Will
iam. Set out for Philadelphia via New York Aug
tt — and returned to New York September 25th.

4IO JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Expence for Castle William repairs from 19 Oct \77l
to Aug* 8, 1772
Wharves &c  £ Lawful money = 8696. 16. 9
Ovens  289. 7. o
Wells  383 . 2.10
Lawful money 9369. 6. 7
at 4/8d per Dollar is in Sterling 7287 . 5 . \\.
Respecting the want of fresh water at Castle William.
There is a deficiency from the latter end of July
unto the latter end of November. Fourteen days
with the wells lockt produces one month's water. The
consumption has been great this year. First — as
there were repairs carried on in the summer time,
especially in Masonry — A company of men added —
10"' Company — Two Reg's from Halifax 64"1 & 65th
for a short time — and why more sensible of it, as
the 14th is now 400 men — 70 women & 90 children.
Obliged to employ a large Boat every other day —
Sent to Boston to Peck's wharf & bought there at one
shilling per Hogshead — One hhd serves one Company
of the 1 4"1 Reg' Two days.

XI.
Remarks respecting the Sound or Arm of the
Sea formed by Long-Island and the Main,
in (1771.) John Montresor.
From New-York the Navigators seldom term it the
Sound untill they arrive between Sands-Point and
Hart Island which opens the Sound and then the
Course is E by N untill you arrive at this place from

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 4II
New-York the Navigation is more of the River than
Arm of the sea.
The Depth of water to New Haven is about 12
Fathoms & from thence to New Port about seventeen
fathoms. Sands Point is known by a Grove or parcel of Trees
seen under and is about Central between Hart Island
& Execution Rocks, but on the East or Long Island
Side. New-Haven the broadest part of the Sound being
30 miles across to Long-Island and is generally looked
upon as half way to New-Port.
Hell Gate and the Horse Race the only two diffi
cult Passes by water from New York to New Port and
neither of them when thoroughly known, the former
generally requires a Pilot. Hell Gate passage requires
judgment both as to the time of tide and direction
through. What is remarkable is that at White Stone on the
Long Island side and its opposite on the Main called
Major Stevens's, that these two Points form or bound a
subaqueous height of Land whereby the Ebbs and
the Flood Ebb from and flood to it there being just
here little or no advantages to be expected from the
Tides. Fisher's Island contains 5000 acres, has two pretty
good harbours called the East Harbour & West Har
bour, the latter an Exceeding good one both on the
westwdmost side of the Island.
There is a Reef of Rocks from this P' of this Isl
and to Watch Point on the Main Excepting a Passage
of 900 yd5 for a Vessel.
Block Island has tis thought between 6 & 8000
acres of Land— 40 Families— only fit for Grazing—
remarkable for its Excelling in Cheese— No harbour
whatever in it— there is a Sandy Bay on the Ocean
side with pretty good anchorage, otherwise the an
chorage round this Island is but Indifferent.
A Fleet of shipping cannot enter the sound from

412 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
the sea but on the S. E. side of Fisher's Island and
so through the Horse Race for on the N West Side of
it, it is in some places but Ten feet at low water.
From N. York to New Port reckoned to be 200
miles. /
From Point Judee to New-Port is 15 miles.
From New London to New Port is 60 Miles. The
Horse Race is formed by Fisher's Island and the two
Gull Islands. The Horse Race runs five Knots both
flowing and ebbing of the Tide, the Passage on the
North Side of the Island the same ; tides run only 3
Knots. Point Judee which is in the Rhode Island Govern
ment & but 15 miles from New Port is a bold Point
having 6 and 7 fathoms of water within one mile of it
it has a little trifling reef of Rocks off and close to
the Point of a i mile in length. Four miles off of
that Beech it is twelve fathoms.
Shipping at sea when bound for New Port would
wish to first make Long-Island about one-third S.
westerly from the East End, their soundings then di
rect them and they are then sure they are out of the
Gulph Stream after that they make Block Island and
then Point Judee.
Any one may easily conceive the Excellence of this
Port by the bold access to it, but by nothing so much
as there being no Pilot Boats belonging to it.
The Entrance of the Port of New London is pointed
out by a Light House and on sailing in you pass
through two Reefs of Rocks one mile asunder.
Block Island is from New Port 10 leagues if you make
the S. E side of Block Island you must steer N. N.
East for New Port if on the other side, then N. East
\ North. The Tides should be consulted when mak
ing the choice of the sides of the Island. The high
est Land on Block Island is on the South Side bear
ing from Center of Block Isld to Point Judee is N and
by East.
In being bound for New Port and after sailing in

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 4I3
with ^d of Long Isld S. westd and then making Point
Judee as aforesaid then steer for the Light House on
Cannannicut Island, on a Point called Beaver's Tail,
this Island is 7 miles Long after passing which
steer a N E Course, the . next object will appear
will be the North End of the Island on which the
Fort Stands, the Fort will soon discover itself after
the Light House is passed — the Channel is from 10
to 17 Fathoms Water and then on reaching the fort
the Soundings is about from 7 to 10 fathoms of Water.
The North Side is best for Ships of War, the South
having a spit off the End of Castle Island. Twenty
sail may ride at anchor within the Harbour. Ships of
war, generally remain just without the North entrance.
Castle Island is about \ mile Long & 150 yds broad
and is no more than a Battery not being enclosed in
its Rear.
Tides at New Port at full and Change Rise 7 feet,
at Neep — 5.
The Light House Stands on the Point that forms
Narragansett Bay on the left Side and Providence
River on the right.
The navigation to Providence excellent untill you
arrive at Patuxet which is within 5 miles of it just
above it for a \ mile is a piece of Ground but two
fathoms thereafter 3, from Newport to this Shoal from
Twelve to Seven Fathoms.
A Bold Shore of near 6 fathoms round Castle Isld,
excepting the Spit. In steering up Providence River,
Patuxet Town is seen in one Reach for 12 Miles, steer
pretty straight towards, but give a good berth to
Canemmicut Point being a Point that projects out
some distance in the River off of the Township of War
wick on the W side of this River.
And then again in Steering for Patuxet give a good
Berth to Bullock's Point projecting as a Sandy spit a
mile & a quarter from the E' Side of this River.
Providence from New Port lies about N and by
West. This River is wide, it appears very straight

414 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
but the Channel is not owing to several sandy spits &
Oyster Banks on both sides.
The Town of Providence is nearly in a line as you
steer for Patuxet, tho five miles from it owing_ to a
sinuosity which a remarkable Bluff makes which is
just £ way. And the 2 fathoms piece of ground be
fore mentioned is between Patuxet and this Bluff.
Tides rise & fall at Providence much as at New Port.
Patuxet River has a fall of Water which tumbles into
the Salt Water. A very crooked Channel opposite Pa
tuxet when abreast of the Distill houses steer for a
little Rocky Island or clump of Rocks in the water
covered with Shrubs, there is another rather bare but
take the Northerwest giving Sabines-Point on the
East main a respectable berth. The reason for Steer
ing to the little Rocky Isld is to avoid a bed of Oysters
not 20 yards round besides an oyster Bank. Patuxet
Riv' 4 miles up it is the Bridge to which small Deckd
Boats mav sail. There is a Bluff to the Northwd that
forms the Entrance of Patuket Riv'. That requires a
good Berth given to it having a small spit this Bluff
is near % mile to the Southward of the Town. The
widest part of the Sound is between N Haven &
Fortune Isd — 10 leagues. Fortune Isd is ^ way to
N Port — 100 miles.

XII.
Mud Fort, or Fort Mifflin. [Extracts from the
Journals and Note-books of Capt. John Mon
tresor.] " Philadelphia, April 21, 1771, Sunday. I arrived
in Philadelphia at 12 o'clock this morning, and imme
diately waited upon Governor Penn for his commands.
I was informed that 'his Secretary and two Commis
sioners should prepare some papers and lay them be
fore me to-morrow.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 415
" 22nd. This morning being nearly elapsed, waited
on the Secretary, who shewed me a sketch of that
part of the River where Mud Island is situated, being
as their opinion the proposed spot for fortifying, as
also a project of Lieutenant Myers, of the 60th Regi
ment, the whole without scale, compass, or remark,
together with some bearings and distances. The Sec
retary acquainted me that Governor Penn had ap
pointed the Committee to meet to-morrow at the State
House where my attendance was requested.
" 23rd. At half-past ten this morning, attended at
the State House, and met the Governor and the
Board of Commissioners. The same sketches were
introduced. Informations were delivered by the re
spective Committees, and opinions passed thereon."
[The project of Lieutenant Myers, above referred to,
was handed in as far back as September 1 762. Captain
Montresor laid before the Commissioners six designs for
a fort, and for No. 1 of the series, made an estimate
for a star redoubt, costing £15,000 Pennsylvania cur
rency, and that the foundations on piles, which he
considered necessary, would be ,£5,000 more. His
plan also included retrenched batteries at Gloucester
in New Jersey, Gloucester Point in Pennsylvania, op
posite, and Windmill Island; the three to cost £10,-
000. He also advocated twenty floating batteries
complete for £2,000, besides materials and combusti
bles for fire-rafts, in store £1,000, together with an
arsenal of intrenching tools and other military stores,
to cost £7,000.
The Commissioners were in favour of economy, and
for paring down some of the estimates, even to reject
ing the use of piles* for a foundation, whereupon the
* The Engineer estimated " that it will take 20 men six months to lay
the foundation of piles, each pile to be from 12 to 15 inches in diameter,
capped and shod ; each, when drove, will cost about fifteen shillings,
Pennsylvania currency, and to be drove only their own diameter
asunder."

41 6 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
engineer wrote to them " that a good engineer is not
unlike a good physician, who prescribes what is most
beneficial without regarding expenses. Whatever is
to be done ought to be permanent and compleat, other
wise it will never be an honour to those that order it,
nor those that execute it ; on the contrary (while it
has an existence) it will remain an imputation of ig
norance to the engineer, and of ill-timed parsimony
to the provinces. For example, the battery at New
York, and that cost £25,000 cum multis alliis. I
have no inclination for building you a Luxembourg,
or a L'Isle, or in any degree to involve the province
into endless expense. What I purpose laying before
you shall be compleat to the utmost of my ability. As
you abridge your expenses, so must I my estimate.
If your grant is contracted, so must be your works." *
A bill was passed by the General Assembly, making
* One of Captain Montresor's note-books is labelled, " Fort I built on
Mud Island for the province of Pennsylvania, and for which I have never
been paid." It contains this note, " This work is intended to mount 32
pieces of cannon, 4 mortars, and 4 royal howitzers, making on the whole
40 pieces of ordnance, which at 6 men each make 240 men required, 160
musquetry, in all 400 garrison."
" Expenses paid by me {John Montresor) on the works at Philadelphia
and not yet reimbursed me.
Draughtsman for copying Travelling Models in the Stage
Models Horse killed Baggage in the Stage
Postage ( My Lodgings & Board in Philadelphia for
Boathire ^ myself and servant & Livery for my 2
horses.

Expenses for Self, Servant &> horses on f road. Ferriages— from Phila"
to New York for one chais and horse for self and 1 Horse for Servant.
*
Neshaming  One shilling, one penny Pennsylva.
Trent Town  3 do one do do
Brunswick  1 do Eleven do
P'Saick  24 coppers
Hackensack  2 Shillings & 8 coppers
Powles-hook  6 do & 1 copper
Boats Crew white oak Barge I guinea
do of one of the Island.. 1 do
Expenses from Phila" to Boston and return— Twice."

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 417
an appropriation of^" 15,000 for the erection of a forti
fication, and the purchase of Mud, or Deep Water
Island, from Joseph Galloway, the Speaker of the
House. On June 4, 1772, Captain Montresor traced
out the lines of the fortifications, and leaving the work
ing-plan in the hands of Mr. Palmer, the head work
man, repaired to New York to resume his duties. On
May 13, 1773, the fort was still unfinished, and Richard
Penn, under that date, writes in behalf of the Board of
Commissioners to New York, to the engineer, that the
work is " almost at a stand, and unable to proceed
without more ample directions and some particular
plan, and begs his personal attendance as soon as he
can make it convenient,"
More funds were needed, and on January 22, 1774,
John Penn laid before the House of Assembly a mes
sage, which thus concludes, " You will, on enquiry, find
that the work, so far as it has been executed, is done in
a masterly manner, and that materials to a considerable
value are on the spot, ready to continue it as soon as
the season will admit ; the plan of the Fort, and the
Commissioner's account, will be laid before you, by
which you will perceive what remains to be done, in
what manner the money has been disposed of, and
how much is yet in arrears to the workmen, &c.
From hence you will be able to judge what further sum
will be wanting to complete a work which has for years
been considered by the legislature of this Province as
an object of the greatest importance for the defence
and protection of this populous and flourishing city,
against His Majesty's enemies in time of War."
On the occupation of Philadelphia by the British
troops, Captain Montresor planned and built the works
for the reduction of Mud Fort, which was evacuated on
the night of Nov. 15, 1777.
In the General Orders issued Nov. 16, 1777, by Sir
Wm. Howe, he particularly mentions Captain Mon
tresor, and names other officers to whom his thanks
were due ; but in his dispatch to Lord George Ger-
27

41 8 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
maine of November 28, he only mentions by name
Brigadier-Gen. Cleaveland, who had really very little
to do in the reduction of Mud Island. Very naturally,
this omission of the name of the Engineer, who had the
practical direction of the siege, was felt as a great
slight; and although Sir W. Howe afterwards. sent his
Aid-de-Camp, Capt. Nisbett Balfour, to beg his pardon
for the oversight, yet the injury had been inflicted, and
this apology was felt to be but a " poor requital."
Capt. Montresor further says in one of his note-books,
" This omission of my name being mentioned to the
Secretary of State in the Commander-in-Chief's letter,
lost me my rank, and obliged me to resign my com
mand. I was joined in thanks in General Orders with
Brigadier-Gen. Cleaveland, who never was on the
Battery until the Guns were mounted, and just before
they were opened. During that undertaking this
grand hero was in bed wrapped up in his flannels, and
he told Sir Wm. Howe and myself that he wished that
grand attack could be changed, as his men were dis
heartened from its exposure, and complaints were made
of its flimsiness to obtain it. One of the ' Eagle's ' *
24 pounders would have been left in a mud-ditch but
for the Engineer. This great hero laid under the
heaviest displeasure of Sir Wm. Howe at Boston, for
abandoning the town a week before the Troops, and
went below Castle William, leaving his artillery and
mortars behind, and no men to spike some of the
guns," &c. Respecting the works, and their erection
for the reduction of Mud Island, he says : " During 23
campaigns I have served in this country, this service
was by far the most severe, not having been in bed
for nine nights together, and remaining in general in
the midst of the swamps, ancl at a time when I was
very unwell, ancl the two ;last nights no one to assist
me in constructing the Left Battery, never quitting it
until it was opened."
* The " Eagle " was Lord Howe's flag-ship. ;;

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 419
XIII.
Fords across the Schuylkill River in 1777 from
Potts' Grove to Philadelphia by Captain John
Montresor.
Pottsgrove where are 2 Fords & these iS miles by land to Read-
g ing, being nearer by 5 miles than the Road North side of
G Schuylkill River 
— Swan Tavern a fine Ford & a )
short mile to Potts Town. I
-t-
— Parker's Ford a good ford.
r-l
- North's Ford.
— Buckwater's & where Washington went last Friday.
_ Gordon's Ford Mouth of French Creek.

3-

. Longford — Moorehall.
, Richardson's.
. Paulins.

_ Fatland. Can ford it with Horse by people who know )
it and in low tides  >
in
_ Swede's Ford.
„Bevins . . . mS' . . 15.
_ Matson's.

_ Levering's.
_ Robin Hood bad ford.

Philadelphia.

420 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Memoranda.
3 miles from Tredruffrin to Valley Forge. 2 do.
more to Moorehall, 12 do. from Moorehall to Potts
grove and 18 to Reading. Reading a Grand Maga
zine. A Guard at Thomas's. 70 Rod from Moorehall
to Longford and Richardson's the best Ford very nar
row the road to go down to Richardson's but the most
Commanding. The Providence meeting House one
mile and \ from Moore-Hall a Hill amazingly command
ing — highest land in this country about. A Guard
subs at Thomas's within Musquetry from the Shore at
Longford.

XIV.

Captain John Montresor's Journal from January
i5' 1777 to December 24TH 1778.
New-York January 1"' 1777. This day Lord Corn-
wallis went in the Armed schooner Alert from New
York to Amboy.
8th. The British 60 Gunship Lord Shuldham for
Engd from hence.
12th. Arrived the Flora from Halifax — Saild the
Greyhound for Rhode Isld.
14'1'. This morning at one o'clock arrived in armed
schooner Alert — General Lee from Amboy and prop
erly guarded. Ordered by the Commander in Chief
to deliver over all my spars and scantling that I re
ceived from Halifax and Lunenberg th° paid by my
order and charged to me by M' Grant in my general
abstract & vouchers & comprehended in my first War
rant. 5"1 April 1777. Sailed the Eagle from the East to
her station in North River.
6th. Arrived several Transports belonging to Thames
Convoy, blown to West Indies.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 42 1
9*. Extremely hot. Thermometer 8o°.
io'\ Very warm but Thermometer fallen to 6o°.
Arrived the Bute and Richmond frigates from a cruize,
the latter very sickly.
n'h. The Country people daily escaping thr° the
Rebels and coming in with their arms.
1 2th. Prizes daily arriving from our cruizers. Coun
try people come in & list in the new levies by scores.
13th. Lord Cornwallis Commanded Detachment
from Brunswick and defeated the Rebels at Bound
Brook — marched in 2 Columns one on each side the
Rariton — Rebels lost 3 brass field pieces, 10 left dead,
80 prisoners, 4 officers, one of which aid de camp to
the Commanding Officer Major General Lincoln from
Connecticut, took the General's baggage and ioohead
of Cattle.
14th. A hard gale at the North West and cold.
19th. Party of rebels surprized near Amboy — 17
taken and 2 killed and 2 light horse. No loss on our
side. Within this week past 500 country men have
come in.
21s'. Expedition Embarked. Arrived Eleven Sail
Transports had been blown to sea, belonging to the
Thames Convoy. I look upon this day to be the last
of the Campaign. A Cold South West wind.
9th June {Monday) 1777. At 4 o'clock this after
noon Sir Wm Howe left New York and arrived at
Amboy at 10 this night. Also the Engineers Stores
&c. Account received (privately) from the Indians
that 700 of the [Chetig  ] will be ready to join
us as soon as we open the communication — Doubt
it very much.
io'h. At twelve o'clock the whole Army arrived at
Amboy. IIth. Sir Wm Howe left Amboy at 11 o'clock with
an Escort of one officer and 20 dragoons for Bruns
wick. Troops to be left at Amboy — 2 Battalions Ans-
pach— one Battalion Waldeckers & 55th Regiment.
12th. The Line left Amboy under the Command of

42 2 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
General Vaughan and arrived at Brunswick the rear
Encamping at Piscataqua. Myself with the Corps
of Engineers, Artillery, tools &c— left Amboy and ar
rived at Brunswick and began to work on 3 redoubts.
13th. Continued on the 3 redoubts and began on a
new one & finished the whole. The Lines moved at
Eleven this night along the Princetown road in 2 Col
umns, the one under Lord Cornwallis moved at ten, the
other under General de Heister at Eleven leaving be
hind our Camp Equipage. Took Seven days provisions.
14th. The Commander in Chief with the other col
umns or rather the main body arrived and encamped
3 miles South of the Mill Stone River at Middlebush,
he went on crossed the Mill Stone River after repairing
the Bridge which the Enemy had broken up. We
found Lord Cornwallis's Column on the opposite side
after some skirmishing ten rebels killed, our loss in
killed two and 2 wounded and an Officer. Found most
of the Houses deserted and what were inhabited the
men were absent ; collected some Forage, cattle and
horses A few shots were exchanged between some of
our cavalry and that of the rebels but without effect and
advanced. Yager taken off by some rebel Light horse.
15"' Sunday Middle Bush. Accounts received this
afternoon that Washington with the rebel Army had
fled to Corryall's Ferry in order to cross to the River
Delaware leaving behind to amuse us, General Sulli
van and 2000 men. Escort to and from Brunswick.
3 deserters but ill informed. Tis supposed by us that
the Rebel Army is still posted on the Shannock Hills.
i6,h June 1777. Began on 3 redoubts to mask the
extreme of the wood to Hillsboro and a{ at the end
of the wood, \ mile South of the bridge cross the
Mill Stone River, nearly finished the whole this night.
Escort to and from Brunswick. A deserter who saw
Washington last night at Middle brook. Several
smart showers. [See Illustrations. No. 9.]

No. 9 Page 422

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 423
1 7th. Redoubts continued no further. Escort from
Brunswick. Daily Intelligence but of little conse
quence. Showery weather.
1 8th. Escort returned to Brunswick. Weather cool,
Now 9 days provision with the Army. A courier re
turned from Northward. Northern army had not
crossed the lakes the 28th May but had been seen to
South Westward, had driven then to Otter creek. In
a patrol had 2 Killed, 2 Hessian Serjeants Grenadiers
&c — 1 Jager & 3 wounded.
19th. This morning at 2 o'clock the line moved &
proceeded to Brunswick, the column with Lord Corn-
wallis following in the Rear. Encamped on each side
the River Rariton by \ past 7 this morning. Some
firing on our Rear but checked with the guns. In
marching off two officers and fourteen of the Fifty
fifth — missing.
20th Brunswick. Came up several small craft and
the Stores — Provisions &c &c, when immediately em
barked. Skirmishing, rebels firing on our advanced
piquets. Some deserters came in.
21s' June 1777. Working parties employed in de
stroying the faces of the redoubts next the river on
the Brunswick side and to the country on the opposite
side. The small craft sailed with the Stores " de
guerre de bouche." Rebels firing on our piquets. Ar
rived at Brunswick from England one Company (com
pleat) of Artillery.
22nd — Sunday. At break of day the line moved
from Brunswick & by evening the whole encamped at
Amboy excepting some Regiments that marched
through and ferried to Staaten Island. During this
day 2 skirmishes happened and one Carronade from
the rebels that brought in our rear, two 12 pounders
and 3 Battalions with their colours red, yellow and
white. We had one man killed and about 16 wounded,
the rebels lost some and we took from them a Captain
by the name of Porter.
23rd. The Commander in Chief reviewed the 2

424 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Battalions Anspach. Baggage waggons ferrying over
to Staaten Island. 43 Sail of Transports now in
Princes Bay. Boats constantly arriving from New
York to take off the Stores from hence.
24th. The working parties of 300 men for erazing
the Interiour parts of the works at Amboy counter
manded. Deserters from Rebel Light horse. Some
flying parties of the rebels Horse and Foot on Straw
berry Hill, three miles from this Encampment. This
evening advanced a body of our men and took post
on Strawberry Hill to the right road to Woodbridge.
25th. This morning early Ferguson's Riflemen sur
prised and took one Rebel Light dragoon and also an
advanced Piquet, shot the officer thr° the thigh and
took him with 4 privates, the rest escaped. The Scar-
bor" 20 Gun Ship with 16 sail from Halifax arrived at
New York.
26th. At 3 o'clock this morning the Army moved in
2 Columns, the right Lord Cornwallis — left Major
General Vaughan — the Right Column took the Wood-
bridge Road and the left the Brunswick road but turn
ed off the road to Metuchin meeting and 1 200 men
were sent on to take post at Bonham town \ way to
Brunswick from Amboy and the 2 Columns encamped
this night at Westfield. A continued firing most of
this day's march. Lord Sterling and General Max
well with 3000 men and 4 brass field pieces principally
opposed us near Westfield, but were put to flight
leaving behind 3 Brass Field pieces, 3 Pounders one
French and 2 English. Supposed to have killed this
day about 50 of the Rebels and took 64 prisoners in
arms and about 500 head of horned cattle. Washing
ton with the gross of his Army made off very early
with the utmost Expedition and his Baggage and re
tired to his old post on the Shannoc mountain. The
heat ot the weather was such that we lost 9 men on
the march by it. We had no men Killed and about
20 wounded and a Captain in the Guards shot through
the Body. Great want of water as the Inhabitants

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 425
had choaked several of their wells. Most of the
Houses were abandoned, what were not had only
women and children. The rebel army had moved
from the Mountain Country leaving there 1000 men
and had taken post at Quibbletown three miles South
of the mountain. The Engineers and Artificers were
divided with the 2 Columns — two Established and an
Assistant Engineer to each, myself with the Com
mander in Chief. The first body that fired on our
right Column was about 1500 men under a General
Conway and 3 field pieces, which were soon routed
with loss by the usual Intrepidity of Light Infantry.
Lord Chewton, aid de Camp to Lord Cornwallis had
his horse shot under him. One man raved' with a
coup de soleil and fired at our own flankers. Amongst
the prisoners a Major, 2 Captains and an Adjutant the
latter shot through the thigh.
27th. At 5 this morning the whole returned towards
Amboy and encamped within a mile of Woodbridge.
A little firing just setting out and took 2 officers and a
Serjeant of Rebel rifle men. A packet from England
arrived at New York and vessels with lumber &c from
Halifax. Rebels broke up the Bridge across Rahway
River, upper branch, called Robertson's River where
is a remarkable good port on the East side. Not the
least firing on our River.
28*. At 4 this morning the whole marched and
reached Amboy in 5 hours and mostly encamped.
Weather exceptionally hot — no firing at all. This
country richer and better watered. Part of the Army
Continued their march, crossed the Ferry to Staaten
Island and encamped there, and one Brigade of Hes
sians embarked on board their respective vessels ly
ing near Amboy. Much baggage, Waggons, Horses
&c ferried across likewise. Some deserters from the
Rebels and one Light ' dragoon. The Vigilant armed
with 18 and 24 pounders &c made up the Rariton, so
as to flank our Camp. Flat bottomed boats and such
craft arrived this afternoon at Amboy from Princes Bay.

426 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
29th Sunday. The whole day principally taken up
in transporting in Flat boats &c the Baggage of this
Army across to Staaten Island together with every
kind of " Stores de Guerre de bouche " besides Ar
tillery, Horned Cattle, waggons, Horses and a work
ing party of 300 men employed in Erazing the Inte-
riour faces of the Redoubts & the Exteriour of Fort
Callibogus fronting towards Staaten Island. Six de
serters came in. Captain Finch of the Grenadiers
died of his wounds and buried this day at Amboy.
Every preparation forming this day for our leaving the
Province tomorrow. Galliesand armed vessels posted
in the Kills and Raritan so as to cover our passage
from Staaten Island which ferry is about f of a mile
across. New York Company of Volunteers detached
from King's Bridge towards White plains — killed 6
of the rebels and brought in Eight Prisoners— -Twenty
five head of Cattle and Eleven Horses.
30th. Wind at South East and rain. This morning
early began to call in our posts which were advanced
to Strawberry Hill and continued retiring the army to
the Town and embarking the whole in boats until \
past 3 this afternoon when the Province of New Jer
sey was entirely evacuated by the King's Troops, the
Rebels were so disconcerted by the secret and very
unexpected movement of the army on the 26th Instant
that not a shot has been fired by them since, as the
last boats were coming off an Inhabitant came in from
Westfield not having met with any one between that
and Amboy. Our army on disembarking at Staaten
Island immediately marched on and occupied their
several grounds for encamping. Head Quarters,
this night at Richmond. Arrived the Otter sloop
of War from West Indies with 9 sail of vessels under
Convoy. July Is;, 1777. Tuesday — This evening Returned
a party of our Provincial Troops that had been de
tached from King's Bridge and brought in a Captain,
one Subaltern, and 23 more Rebels. The Commander

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 427
in Chief and his suite arrived this afternoon at 2
o'clock at New York from Staaten Island.
2nd. The 17th Dragoons embarked at Staaten Isl
and and arrived at New York, where they are to be
stationed between it and King's Bridge. The Com
mander in Chief viewed the works at King's Bridge.
I set off this afternoon for Staaten Island and reached
it in the night. Orders to put that post near the
watering place in a state of defence. Six 6-pounders
(Iron) to be mounted in these works.
_ 3rd. Working party 150 men began to make fas
cines for making good the rear of the Redoubts at
Staaten Island and to add 2 small ones for 30 men
each to terminate the Flanks. I returned to New
York this Evening. All the Artillery and Stores ex
cepting the Battery Guns of the 2nd Battalion and 2
of Light Infantry were embarked on board the Ar
tillery Transports by nine o'clock this morning for
Staaten Island.
4th. All our field Artillery have each 300 Rounds &
5 or 6000 spare rounds.
5th. Intense heat. Arrived 6 Sail of Merchantmen
under Convoy of the Liverpool in whom came Sir
Henry Clinton and his suite.
6th. Arrived 11 Sail-victuallers from Cork, all armed.
8th. The Infantry of the Army embarked from
Staaten Island on board their transports for the Ex
pedition excepting the Guards.
9th. The British and Hessian Grenadiers embarked,
as also the 16th Light Dragoons, leaving for the de
fence of Staaten Island the 52nd and 2 of Hessians
encamped in the rear of the Redoubt, round the
watering place and the Provincials on the West side
of the Island under the Command of Major-General
Skinner. In the redoubts 6 Iron 6 pounders and a
detachment of Artillery, each field piece taken with us
on the Expedition has with it 300 rounds.
14th. I accompanied General Clinton to the Nar
rows and the works on Staaten Island. Signals

428 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
made from the Eagle for the whole fleet to prepare to
sail. 15th. Arrived 12 Sail-victuallers from Cork — all
armed. Came in an Express from Lt.-Gen'l Bur
goyne with dispatches to Sir Wm. Howe, dated 2d
July from below Ticonderoga. This clay sailed from
hence up the river the Vigilant armed Ship carrying
18 twenty-four pounders and 10 of Nine pounders.
16th. Arrived the Brilliant ordnance Store Ship with
200 artillery men & their officers.
1 7th. Embarked from New York for the Chesapeak.
A past seven this afternoon the Commander in Chief
left New York and embarked on board His Majesty's
Ship the Eagle — Lord Howe — lying off the watering
place at Staaten Island. Sailed to Rhode Island Ma
jor-General Pigot.
1 8th. The Vigilant returned from up the River and
joined the Fleet. Sailed the packet for England, con
voyed by the Niger Ship of War in which went Gen
eral de Heister and the Hessian Command devolved
on Lt.-Gen'l Kniphuysen. This morning Sir Wm.
Howe's letters to Lt.-General Burgoyne, to Deputy
Quarter Master-General to be immediately forwarded.
Deserters came in, says Rebel Army are only 6000.
1 9th. Wind S. S. W. what little there is and no
possibility of sailing. In the afternoon the wind
sprung up at the same point and brought in the Tarter
and Apollo Frigates from Quebec. The Salsbury
Frigate from Jamaica and the Milford Frigate with her
convoy of 15 foreign vessels from the Bay of Fundy.
Came in one of the 16th Dragoons who was taken by
the Rebels at Princetown, says he left Washington
with the gros of his Army at Smith's Clove the
South Entrance of the Highlands on west side of the
North River.
20th. Sunday— Wind at S. W. at \ past 11 A. M.
Our division sailed with the Ebb tide but the wind
foul. Came into the fleet the " Sphynx " Ship of War
from Dominica. Our fleet said to be 260 sail. Pas-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 429
sage of the Narrows difficult in Turning it down,
most of the fleet arrived at anchor at Sandy Hook.
My vessel carried away her mainyard and Bowsprit,
&c, running foul of the Ships.
21s'. The "Eagle" Lord Howe, did not sail this
day and came to anchor South of the Narrows for
want of wind. Rain all this night and southerly
winds.* 22nd. Rainy morning and S. E. winds. Sphynx
returned down to the Fleet here. Weather close and
sultry. The heavy ships still remained off the Nar
rows for want of wind, what little being foul. A few
more of the transports fell down with the tide to the
Fleet. At Sea. July 23rd. At 7 o'clock this morning the
Eagle sailed and passed Sandy Hook and the rest of
the Fleet followed in two Divisions. Wind a fresh
breeze at N. N. West by 10 o'clock. The whole of
the Fleet got to sea, in the Afternoon the wind headed.
Light wind most part of this night. As soon as the
fleet made a good offing they shaped their course
South Westerly. Parted with the coast nearly but
before we were out of sight of the land.
24th. We gained about 12 leagues in a straight
course during the night and at daylight discovered
the Jersey shore abreast of us about 6 leagues.
Latitude at this day 40 degrees. Sounded when we
could just discover the land Fathoms 15. Light winds
all night, waste in our course 7 leagues. Remark — I
have observed for many years both in Coming on this
part of the American Coast & in sailing along it, that
whenever the Soundings were in 15 Fathoms the land
in general was to be seen.
25*. Latitude at 12 this day 39.48. Light East-
* Forces on this Expedition— August, 1777.
Transports and Ships of War  266 Sail.
Troops — 16,000 artillery 1000  17,000 men.
Rounds of Ammunition to the guns  300
Provisions in each Transport for  3 months

430 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
erly winds, saw the Jersey Shore this afternoon, a
point of Land bore West, north west of us and ob
served some higher lands and Kind of hummacks,
bore about W. S. W. supposed to be Great Egg Har
bour. 26th. Light southerly winds all this morning. At
3 o'clock P. M. Came on a Gale of wind at South
with a high sea, close reefed topsails, a tumbling" sea
all night. Overcast this day, Could take no latitude.
Engineers' schooner Alert carried away her Topmast.
Our people on Board remarkably well and healthy.
27"1. Sunday — Wind N. West but extremely light.
A swell of the Sea all this morning, the fleet very
much scattered. Latitude 390 17" as observed by 3
quadrants of Hadley — Sounded at 2 o'clock P. M. in
29 Fathoms water. Calm all the middle of the day.
Found in sounding a strong current setting to the west
— Remark — That the soundings continue regular off
this coast to 90 Fathoms.
28*. A very wet and thick fog from 2 o'clock this
morning. The whole day wind Easterly and very
squally with several continued showers of heavy rain.
Sounded this morning in 19 Fathoms. Weather too
thick for an observation. In the course of last night
until daylight this morning sailed 1 1 leagues. At 3
o'clock P. M. the fleet went about to get off the land.
A horse Ship ran foul of us & damaged our Ship.
29"'. A fresh breeze at North West directly ahead,
as the whole Fleet went about at 2 this morning and
made in for the land. Latitude this day at 1 2 o'clock 380
50", the weather cool and pleasant. Eight miles to
the South of Cape May — this day. Sounded at 12
o'clock in 19 Fathoms. Remark — I have throughout,
in the observations of the daily latitude diminished 3
minutes, being equal to the difference between this
and Greenwich in England, where the declinations
were calculated.
30th. Latitude at 12 o'clock 3 8° 39" Soundings at
the same time in 9^ Fathoms, at which time the light-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 43 1
house bore N. W. % north about 5^ leagues. At 3
this morning wind fresh at N. N. West and a swell, a
ship run foul of us and carried away our bowsprit and
head and struck 7 or 8 times against our bows. Dis
covered the Pennsylvania Shore at 7 to thc South
ward Cape Henlopen, and this morning found we had
made too much southing and the wind hauling to the N.
W. made it a head wind, so we tacked to and fro this
whole clay. At 5 P. M. the wind came about more
favorable at E. S. East. Soundings then on 8£ Fath
oms in a hard sandy bottom. Sea pretty smooth.
Could discover Cape May only from the masthead.
The Fleet Continued this night off the mouth of the
River Delaware.
31s'. At 4 this morning wind S. W. to S. — light
breezes. The Light house on Cape Henlopen bore
W. N. Westerly 7 leagues, at which time Sounded in
9 Fathoms water. At 2 o'clock this morning the
whole fleet tacked about and steered out to sea about
a S. E. course after 1 2 o'clock wind headed, the Fleet
then kept away E. S. East, Latitude at noon in 38°
44". At 10 this morning we lost sight of the land
from the deck of our Ship. The weather fine and the
sea smooth, the season cool which is very fortunate
for the Troops. At \ past 3 o'clock P. M. the fleet
tacked and steered a W. S. West course. At Sunset
the fleet tacked again and steered E. S. East. Con
tinued about this course the whole night with a tum
bling sea and blowing fresh with close reefed topsails.
The Roebuck 40 Guns Ship stationed so long in the
Delaware joined our fleet. But one of the vessels
out of the 5 in the Engineers Department have hith
erto escaped being damaged. Conjectured by the
course we steered to be for Chesapeak Bay.
August Ist, 1777. The weather fine, but the sea
continued agitated. About 10 this morning it began
to moderate. Latitude at 12 o'clock 380 24". The
sea much abated. I gave orders to allowance our
fresh water on board on account of the visible waste.

432 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
At sunset tacked, wind S. Course W. S. West. The
Breeze continued till 12 o'clock at night and then fell
calm. Observed 2 strange vessels in the Fleet, one
a tobacco vessel taken bound to France, the other
a Privateer which took one of our horse sloops
astern of our fleet off the Delaware, but both retaken
by the boats of one of our Ships of War.
2nd. Calm till 8 A. M. Sounded at 6 A. M. in 36
Fathoms. The Breeze springing up at S. W. tacked
about at 8 A. M. and steered S. S. East. Weather
fine. Latitude at noon in 380 18". Remarks — that
the winds from the Southern to the Western Quar
ter blow £th of the Season from first June to the
last of August. At noon sailed through a strong cur
rent. The day rather damp though the sun shone.
The Contracted Company of Carpenters were near
mutinying but for a vigorous Exertion on my part and
stopping their Rum. Lightning most of the night
round the horizon. Amongst the rest of our Misfor
tunes in Ships running foul of us, one of them carried
away the Flukes of one of our Anchors.
3rd. Sunday. — At 5 A. M. wind sprung up at N.
by W. and the Fleet steered W. by N., at 9 A. M.
Sounded in 22 Fathoms — Latitude at noon (as yes
terday) in 38° 18" and a current. At 11 A. M. the
wind hauled, steered S. E. by East. At 20 minutes
after 12 the Fleet tacked and steered in for the coast
a western course. Fine weather but sultry. By the
dead reckoning at noon 14 leagues from land, at 6
could Smell the land tho' not in Sight. At \ past 6
P. M. smart lightning and appearing very stormy to
the west. The Admiral made a signal for tacking
and the Fleet went about. New Moon. At 7 this
evening came on a violent storm at S. S. East scarcely
giving the Fleet time to take in their sails. A dark
ness in the west and S. W. gave some Kind of no
tice accompanied with sharp lightning. One ship laid
for some time on her beam ends without righting.
We Slipped our mizzen top sail without any other

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 433
damage of any consequence— the lightning and thun
der surpassed discription and the heaviness of the
rain. This tempest Continued violent for one Hour
and f. Could not discover any of the Fleet this
night but by means of the almost incessant lightning.
The wind blew the Broad Pennant to pieces. A sloop
likewise laid on her beam ends — 7 men and a wo
man took to their boat, but kept her towed, but the
painter breaking got adrift and was lost. The Sloop
with four men on board, righted an hour after. At 12
o'clock this night hove too for one hour, at which
time Sounded in 25 Fathoms of water. Incessant
lightning this whole night.
4th. At one this morning tacked about from off the
coast— the Wind at S. S. W. At Break of day dis
covered the Fleet to Leeward 4 leagues and bore
down to them before the Wind. The breeze very
light with a Small swell from the Southward. The
Fleet somewhat scattered. Weather fine and the
air cooler since the Storm. At 4 A. M. Sounded
in 23 Fathoms — very sultry — Latitude (at noon) 380
15' 3°"- Sounded in 23 Fathoms. Early this morn
ing could smell the fragrance off the land. Several
musquitoes blown on board by the storm. At noon
it fell calm. Set our mizzen top sail. At 3 P. M. the
fleet put about. At 12 o'clock this night a heavy
gust of wind came on with rain Lightning and Thun
der at which time the whole fleet tacked and stood
to the Ocean. The wind during the squall continued
at South West — close reefed topsails but no courses.
5'h. Weather fine and much cooler since the gust
of wind, rain and lightning and thunder of last night.
At £ past 11 A. M. passed over a popling current.
At £ past one the fleet went about and steered to the
Coast. At 4 this morning the fleet tacked steering
S. S. E. wind at S. West, and a tumbling sea. Lati
tude (at noon) 380 5' 30". Variation here is West
3 degrees (Evan's map) at 1 o'clock P. M. the fleet
tacked to the Coast — at £ past 6 P. M. Fleet tacked

28

434 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
from the Coast. About 7 P. M. heavy clouds and
lightning in the N. W. quarter. Just before 9 P. M
the gust came on with great violence of wind and
rain, lightning and thunder, which continued this whole
night. Laid too most part of the night without any sail.
Some crickets that were blown off made a noise in
the maintop. A flight of birds of passage passed over
us during the gale. Some of our people falling sick.
6,h. Light winds at S. & S. W. water smooth and
but little of the Southern swell remaining. Observed
a school of fish. Excessively sultry. Latitude (at
Noon) 380 1/ Wind S. W. and almost calm. At 3 P.
M. Sounded in 26^ Fathoms — during the time the
lead was on the ground (it being a calm) we found
our drift from the perpendicular to be at the rate of a
Knot by the current which set due North. The fleet
made no progress this day. All this day cloudy ex
cepting a trifling Interval of observation. Supposed
to be at noon 15 leagues from C. Dead calm all this
night. A written concession from Company and car
penters and this day I ordered their usual allowance
of Rum.
7th. Calm till 11 o'clock A. M. Master of the
horse Sloop came on board to signifie the distress for
want of forage. Gave him a note to the Commissary
General. Latitude (at noon) 3 8° 8' 30". Very sul
try and close, sea rather smooth. Remark — the los
ing 7\ miles is safely accounted for, by the observa
tion of the current of yesterday. Every night lately
a threatening horizon at the S. W. At 5 P. M. the fleet
went about, we laid what we conjectured to be our
course. The wind E. by S. our course now S. by
East about 4 Knots. Continued this course all night
At 5 \ P. M. the fleet discovered the land.
8lh. Weather fine. Still steering the Same course,
the wind this day about S. W. course about S. S. E.
A Strong current setting to the Southwest at 6 & 7
A. M. At \ past 1 1 a surprising strong current set
ting in Southerly. Latitude (at noon) 37° 49' and

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 435
sounded in 34 Fathoms. The breeze steady and our
course South at noon. The fleet sailed this course all
this night two Knots and a half. This night exces
sive heat.
9th. Wind W. by S. — Course S. by W., a fresh
Breeze all the morning. At 7 A. M. observed a South
current with a small swell from the windward. Lati
tude (at noon) 37° 7' Course South, somewhat wes
terly, sailing about 3 Knots. The fleet very well to
gether. At 7 P. M. the Fleet tacked and steered all
night from W. by N. to W. N. West. Weather very
pleasant all this day, it being much cooler. Heavy
swell most of this night. At 12 at night blew hard.
io'h. Sunday. Wind W. S. W. weather fine. About
6 A. M. the Fleet tacked and stood S., at 4 this
morning before we tacked until 6 the Fleet stood about
N. West. Latitude (at Noon) 360 52' being 8 miles
to the Southward of Cape Henry. Still steering South
and supposed to be about 25 leagues from the land.
The Horse Vessels in general lying too for Food from
the forage vessel they being much distressed. At 6\
P. M. the fleet tacked and steered W. N. W. the
Same S. Wester prevailing — The Fleet continued this
course all night at 1 Knot per hour.
11*. Wind still at S. W. Course W. N. W.
Weather fine but very hot, sailing about 2^ Knots —
observed a current setting Southerly. Latitude (at
Noon) 370 being the latitude of Cape Henry. No
soundings at 4 P. M. Sailed all night about a W. N.
W. course going about 3\ knots. The officers put to
great shifts for want of fresh provisions, rowing about
from ship to ship for relief. Our ship sprung a leak,
making four inches of water every fonr hours' watch.
Our fresh water on board became very offensive.
1 2*. Wind as usual S. W. Course W. N. W.—
weather fine but a hazy horizon. Small Swell ; ob
served a gentle current. Could smell the land, the
fragrance of the pines in particular at 6\ this morning.
The Ships of. war hoisted their Colours, supposed for

436 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
seeing the land. The water Changed very visibly.
A small flock of sand larks passed. Fleet scattered.
Sounded at ii o'clock A. M. in 18 Fathoms, supposed
to be 12 leagues from land. Latitude (at Noon) 37°
31' '. Gained 50 miles westing this last 24 hours to
12 o'clock this day. Weather somewhat cooler but
very "hot yet. The heat of the Sun here feels more
like an artificial than a genial heat, and the heat of this
night Insupportable. The wind this night from S. W.
to W. S. West. Sailing one time with another about
2 Knots & \. At 3^ P. M. discovered the land from
the Mast head and at 7 the fleet tacked and stood off.
At five P. M. could observe the land from the deck.
13*. Wind W. S. West. Course S. observed at 7
A. M. a current running southerly. A disagreeable
swell from the Southward. Weather fine air some
what cooler. The fleet at sea three weeks this morn
ing. Latitude (at Noon) 37° 5' 30". Sailing this last
12 hours at about 1^ Knots. Signals at 12 o'clock
this day and the Fleet tacked and Continued their
course towards the land this night, sailing at about 3^
Knots at W. & W. by S. The intense heat and close
ness horrid, obliged now to lay on deck.
14*. At 4\ A. M., the fleet stood off from the Land.
Wind W. S. W. and Staid South. Water smooth.
At 5^ A. M. the land was again discovered, but from
the mast head appearing in 2 points, one bearing N.
W. by N. and the other W. by S., the interval not to
be observed. The heat of this day (if possible) more
insupportable than yesterday, the pitch melting off the
seams of the vessel. Observed a gentle current sup
posed to be southerly. Latitude (at noon) 37° 2 45"
wind lessened. Weather somewhat pleasanter, the
air being more refreshing after the dreadful heat of
last night. The mornings by far more agreeable than
the evenings and nights. At 9^ A. M. a heavy gun
was heard to windward supposed by the sound to be
from Norfolk in Virginia, as a signal gun, as the fleet
must have been discovered from the land, at 5 P. M.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 437
the 12 Inst. At 11 A. M. the Fleet tacked and stood
in for the land— Course W. by N. \ North. Wind S.
W. by S. \ South. At 1 P. M. it fell calm and sounded
in 14 Fathoms. No existing this afternoon between
decks, nor scarce any above. Several cannon were
fired from the distant shore during the afternoon and
at 6 P. M. a large Smoak made on the Shore, sup
posed to be signals. Wind sprung up and we steered
S. W. by W. with our starboard tacks on board. Be
gan .to breeze fresh at 6\ P. M. Water continuing
smooth. At 7 P. M. Could barely discover Cape
Charles from the deck, bearing W. by N. — 7 leagues,
both the Capes to be seen from the mast head. In
stantly sounded and found to be exactly in 13 Fathoms
of water. Wind continued pretty fair and we pro
ceeded towards the entrance of the bay until 11. This
night when the Fleet anchored in 2,\ Fathoms sandy
bottom and tide of ebb, running about 4 Knots.
Another strange vessel in the Fleet which proved to
be a sloop with some Gentlemen from North Carolina
who had made their escape to prevent persecution.
1 5*. At half past 5 this morning, the Fleet weighed,
wind ahead. Both Capes to be seen from the decks.
Wind at W. by S — weather fine, but very hot, water
smooth. The Capes rather low land. The sea here
is coloured of a sap green, but not lively. Our course
to sea S. Easterly stretching out to get to windward up
a shoal on the North Side the Entrance of the Bay.
At 8^ A. M. Fleet tacked again to get into Chesapeak
Bay. Latitude (at noon) 370 3'. Ebb made full calm
and the Fleet came to an anchor in 8| Fathoms. At
\ past one P. M. the wind sprung up at South and the
Fleet weighed and sailed. The heat of this day (al
though on Board) very horrid. At 12 this night
came to an anchor in 4 Fathoms of water on the Bank,
the wind heading and the Ebb running about 4 Knots.
The bearings from our anchorage as follows — Cape
Charles North \ East. Cape Henry S. West by
South.

438 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
16th. At 6 o'clock this morning the Fleet weighed.
Wind still unfavorable W. N. W. and g\ A. M. the
Admiral came to an anchor, the tide of Ebb, running
strong. Weather very fine but very hot. At 10 A.
M. wind N. W. The Flood runs longest under Cape
Henry. The Fleet though very extensive may be
said now to be all within the Cape. Anchorage 9
Fathoms and very strong. Tide running between 3
or 4 Knots. This evening the packet from England
in 10 weeks and last from New York, in 14 days
joined our Fleet. This day we spared a Horse Sloop
in Quarter Master Gen'ls Department, one But of
Water or they must have thrown their horses over
board. Delivered from the Schooner. Latitude (at
Noon) 360 59' Cape Henry bore N. W. by W. Dis
tance 2 leagues. Sounded then in 9 Fathoms water
on hard sand. At i£ P. M. weighed N. N. E. and
sailed up the Bay of Chesapeak and anchored at half
past 6 in 6 Fathoms water on a muddy bottom. Wind
N. N. East a hard gale of wind came on as the night
did and blew until ^ past 11, when a tempest came
on, the whole continued with incessant sharp light
ning and loud thunder and continued till 2 next morn
ing with constant showers of rain. The timely get
ting into Port and to an anchor was a most pro
vidential matter for the Army and Fleet. Intrenched
the Narrows in Chesapeak Bay nearly abreast of
Winter Harbour on the west side and Nassawatting
on the East, being about thirty miles to the North
ward of Cape Henry.
Sunday 17th. Wind South, the first instance during
our voyage of a wind aft. Fleet weighed at 6 A. M.
with the tide of Flood, water very smooth wind rather
light— Sounded at f past 10 A. M. in 6\ Fathoms
water on a blue, greasy, gritty mud. Weather rather
hazy and foggy and intensely sultry. The fleet well
together. Tide runs here about 4 Knots. No wear
ing coats or waistcoats with any satisfaction. This if
possible the hottest day. Latitude (at noon) 37° 34',

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 439
this observation, horizon very hazy. At \ past 12
fell calm and the tide expended, the Fleet came to an
anchor after gaining about 5 leagues, in 6 Fathoms
water and the same kind of ground, as the last anchor
age. This situation opposite the Southernmost En
trance of Piawkatank River. At night came on as
usual a very hard gale of wind with smart lightning
and Thunder, continued the whole night. The Ship
rolling heavily.
18*. Wind at N. W. by N. \ past 5 A. M. The
tide of Flood, the Fleet weighed and sailed. Weather
very fine, but hot. Kept the western shore princi
pally on board. At 8 A. M. our galley fired a shot
on shore, the enemy having fired three cannon shot
at her from Whicommico. Several Small vessels
seen there. Remark. The climate here at this sea
son is from early in the morning until about 8 little
air, then light winds, at noon generally falls calm,
about one or 2 P. M. Breezes up and continues pretty
fresh but falls again at Sunset almost calm and about
dusk gathers in the Horizon with flashes of heat light
ning and then comes on squally with sharper lightning
and thunder and then blows violently the greatest part
of the night and so on. Passed the mouth of the
Piawkatank at 6 and the Rappahannock at 8 A. M.
At 12 at Noon Sounded in 5 Fathoms hard sandy
bottom, and the Fleet put about towards the west
shore, the wind heading. Advices from New York
that the Fox Frigate had been taken by the rebel
Commodore Manly with 2 Rebel Frigates each supe
rior in force but retaken by his Majesty's Ship Roe
buck and another Frigate with the Commodore in
his ship but the other one called the Boston escaped.
This prize was carried into New York. The small
craft in this fleet in general are now much in want of
provisions. The Admiral made a signal for all mas -
ters of transports returning them his thanks for their
attention during the voyage. Latitude (at noon) 370
56'. The Fleet came to an anchor off the embouchere

44° JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
of the River Potowmack at £ past 2 P. M. in 10 Fath
oms very muddy bottom, the tide of Ebb having made.
A very unsettled climate.
19*. Wind E. N. E. at } past 7 A. M. The Fleet
weighed anchor the tide of Flood making. The fleet
and army much distressed for the want of fresh water,
having been for some time put to an allowance, but
not so much so as the horse vessels, having been
obliged to throw numbers of their horses overboard.
The weather good and much cooler, or rather less hot.
Very considerable signal smokes made and continued
most of this day by the Rebels on the Southernmost
end of Hooper's Island. Sea very smooth. Very
heavy rain most of this day with thunder and lightning
and blowing excessive hard and the Fleet carried sail
to it and came to an anchor in ten Fathoms water be
tween the South end of Barren Island and the River
Patuxen — very muddy bottom. Water far from being
rough, notwithstanding the head wind. Land on the
west side of this Bay high and less on the East.
Those that form the Cliffs from Patuxen River to West
river are curious, the land all about very rough &
hilly. 20*. Wind at West at £ past 5 this morning, The
fleet weighed, blowing very fresh, the tide of Ebb,
about 9 A. M. the flood made, the tides here lessened
considerably in their strength. The fleet 28 days from
Sandy Hook. Weather cool and pleasant this morn
ing, but by noon sultry and light breezes. Abreast of
the North End of James's Island, three miles in 1 1
Fathoms and muddy bottom. Very unsteady weather
in this climate. The fleet well together after the Gale
of yesterday evening. Several horses thrown over
board from the different Transports. The Admiral
fires morning and evening guns. Weather squally,
rained very hard most of the afternoon and lightning
and thunder. At 6 P. M. the Fleet came to an anchor
off of Poplar Island, the tide being spent, anchor in
8 Fathoms & a half very muddy. It's remarkable in

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 44 1
this Bay the multitude of crabs that swim nearly to
the surface of the water. The Fleet caught thou
sands. 21st. Fair wind, all the morning and a fine tide. At
5 o'clock the Fleet weighed, weather very clear and
water smooth. At 7 A. M. Came abreast of Anna
polis, the Capital of Maryland and on the River
Severn. The rebels had 2 flags flying on 2 forts,
one on Horn's Point and one on Greenberry Point to
command the entrance of the Harbour, besides the
works at the Point of the Town. Several of our fleet
damaged during our voyage by Lightning, some men
Killed and several Horses.
22nd. Weighed anchor at 4 this morning, Course
Northerly. Anchored at | past 6 A. M. Weighed
anchor again at 2 P. M. with a pretty Breeze South
erly, course northerly, tho' against a strong tide, but
the wind freshened and Continued until 7 this evening
when we came to an anchor. Tides run here about 3
Knots and rise near 5 feet. None came off to the
Fleet except 2 Pilots and a few blacks. Water suffi
ciently fresh for all uses. Anchored at Sassafras River
between the mouth of and the Elk in 3 Fathoms, bot
tom very holding, being a mixture of mud and clay
and 4 miles South of the mouth of the River Elk.
Hard Rain this evening with lightning and thunder.
The Inhabitants mostly about their Plantations and in
general unarmed. Several of our people in the Fleet
on shore, some at Newtown on Chester River.
23rd. At 7 this morning I attended Sir Wm. Howe
and Lord Howe with my armed Schooner, an armed
Sloop and a Galley to the mouths of the Rivers Rappa
hannock and the Elk and Turkey Point, the different
vessels and Boats attending, sounding the Channel.
The whole returned in the afternoon to the fleet.
George Ford, principal tenant of Pasoosy Island came
off to offer his Services to supply the Troops and
Fleet with Stock &c. — after which the militia. A hard
squall with very heavy rain and sharp lightning and

442 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
thunder which continued from 8 till 1 2 this night and
the whole night distressingly hot and close.
Sunday 25*. This day August 25* 1777 landed at
head of Elk. This morning at \ past 9 the Van of
the Fleet, came to an anchor opposite Cecil Court
house and Elk Ferry and in half an hour after the
Flat Bottomed Boats made good their landing at the
Ferry House called Elk Ferry in the Province of Mary
land, the rebels consisting only of 4 Companies militia
under a Colonel Rumsey fled without firing a shot.
The troops hutted with Rails and Indian Corn Stocks, ,
no Baggage or Camp Equipage admitted. Came on
about 10 this night a heavy storm of Rain, Lightning
and Thunder. The wind being Southerly brought up
the Fleet a short time after the landing. The Army
Surprisingly healthy after so long a voyage and in
such a climate — the return of the sick are about Four
to each Battalion, very little fresh stock collected, and
imperfect accounts of the situation of the Enemy. In
habitants in numbers and well dressed at Cecil Court
House Point. Troops landed with sixty Rounds per
man. 26*. No motion — no inhabitants having deserted
their houses and drove off their stock. Orders this
evening for the Troops to march to-morrow morning
at 3 o'clock. A very heavy storm all this night of
Thunder lightning and Rain at North East. The
Shoalness of the Elk convinced the Rebels that our
fleet would never navigate it, but through the great
abilities of our Naval officers it was happily effected
as the bottom was muddy and the ships on it were
cutting channels through it for each other.
27*. The storm continuing most of the morning the
order for marching was countermanded. The roads
heavy and the horses mere Carrion the soldiery not
sufficiently refreshed and great part of their ammuni
tion damaged, made it upon the whole no delay. Our
Galley up the Elk fired at a boat that had taken one
of ours. No Inhabitants as yet came in. A man of

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 443
wars boat and midshipmen taken by the rebels, the
men being on East shore for milk &c. The Galley
fired but could not recover them. This night cold.
The Guards only had Sixteen thousand Cartridges
damaged by the storm.
28*. The Army moved between 3 and 4 this morn
ing. The weather extremely fine which dried the
roads, which would have been otherwise impassible,
the medium 12 Pounders proved to be most difficult
to pass through the Sloughs. Two houses got on
Fire after quitting the Quarters but appeared to me to
have been done on purpose. About 9 o'clock this
morning our Army arrived at the Town of Elk con
sisting of about 40 well built brick and stone houses,
our march hither about 7\ miles. Very few shots ex
changed this day with the Enemy. One thousand
men under a Colonel Paterson and the Philadelphia
Light Horse fled from this Town on our approach,
part to Gray's hill 2\ miles beyond the Town, which
the rebels likewise quitted, as we reached the summit
we could observe them but not within Cannon shot.
Several of our men very irregular in pursuit of fresh
provisions, so as to fall in the Enemy's hands. The
rebels broke up the bridge at the End of the Town
which we soon repaired, in the mean time great part
of the Army forded the Creek in about 3 feet water on
a gravelly bottom. We took three or four prisoners.
Part of the small craft with provisions, camp equipage,
baggage and Stores reached the head of Elk this
evening from the Fleet at Elk Ferry. Very heavy
dews fell after sunset. The Roads upon the whole
this day may be said to be good. 23 of our Troops,
3 of which Hessians missing, supposed to be taken
by the Enemy plundering. The rebels were so pre
cipitate this day as to leave some of their Store houses
full, consisting of molasses, Indian Corn, Tobacco,
Pitch, Tar and some Cordage and Flour. The Cattle
was drove off excepting a few. Found fifteen of the
rebel sloops and Schooners at Elk.

444 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
29*. Weather delightful and cool especially the
mornings and evenings which are now rather cold.
The Chasseurs pushed a body of the rebel Infantry at
daylight this morning. Several of the Small craft
arrived at the Lower landing with provisions &c.
This country abounding in Forage, Pasture and vege
tables, but the Inhabitants flown. Large quantities of
apples green and Indian Corn which are in modera
tion great refreshments to the Soldiery. This night
Lt.-Gen. Kniphuysen with the Troops left at Elk
Ferry, crossed the Elk and encamped at Cecil Court
house. 13 of our men deserted from us, or taken by
the Enemy when marauding. A man came in from
Philadelphia, that passed through the Rebel country
who assured us that they are posted at Brandywine
with a considerable body at White Clay Creek. About
four hundred men advanced to Iron hill about five and
a half miles from hence.
30*. Weather very pleasant — the wind as usual
from W. to South. Welch fusileers fired a few Pla
toons into a body of rebels cavalry of about 200. The
Jagers who are forward fired two Cannon shot at
some officers with their escort, reconnoitering. The
Army remarkably healthy but the navy sickly. This
morning early Major-General Gray with 2 Brigades
marched from hence to join General Kniphuysen by
the way of Elk Ferry. The Inhabitants say that this
has been as hot a summer as they have known.
Sunday 31st. Lt.-Gen'l Kniphuysen marched east
erly on the neck into the Country, together with Gen
erals Gray, Agnew, and Sir William Erskine in order
to secure Cattle, waggons and Horses, &c, the army
lying in great want of horses, owing to so long and
unexpected a voyage hither both as to their flesh
and their numbers. Weather very fine but intensely
hot in the middle of the day, mornings and evenings
rather cool. A Skirmish this morning — a body of
rebels having appeared which the 23d Regt. attacked
and pushed, taking 3 prisoners — they having one

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 445
Killed and 5 wounded. Two deserters came in from
the Rebel Army. The Command with General Knip
huysen taken 261 head horned Cattle and 568 sheep
and 100 horses. Picket of 5th Regt. took 36 head
Horned Cattle. A light horse deserter Came in.
Lost 5 more Royal Artillery's.
September Is'. At daybreak this morning an out
post of the rebels was attacked by 200 Rangers of
Wemys's Corps, they took the Commanding officer a
Saxon Baron, one Ionitz and his Lieutenant and 3
prisoners — Killed 2 and wounded 1 — the rest consist
ing of 100 fled — this was effected without any accident
on our side. The middle of this day intensely hot,
more so than usual. Rain all this night but gentle.
Two Rebel Light Horse deserted to us but being too
precipitate — two of our Rangers fired and both shot
the same horse.
2nd. Morning wet and overcast and chilly. Two
days fresh provisions issued to the Army for the first
time. Came in, 1 rebel Light Horse and 2 deserters.
All this Country abounds with Forage. The Inhabi
tants either fled or drove off and scarce any Cattle
to be seen. To this evening from the time of our
arrival at this Town the return of Sick from this
Army is no less than Five hundred men.
3rd. Weather fine but cool early. At daybreak the
whole under march except 2 Brigades with Major-
Genl. Grant took the lower road to Christeen by the
way of Rikin's Tavern, in order to avoid Iron Hill.
At this Tavern we were to be joined by the Troops
under General Kniphuysen but did not perceive them.
About a mile beyond the Country is close — the woods
within shot of the road, frequently in front and flank
and in projecting points towards the Road, here the
Rebels began to attack us, about 9 o'clock with a Con
tinued smart irregular fire for near two miles. The
body of the Rebels consisted of 1 20 men from 6 bri
gades making 720 men of what they call their regu
lars, together with 1000 militia and Philadelphia Light

446 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Horse, but the 720 men when what were principally
engaged they were opposed by the Chasseurs and 1
Battalion of Light Infantry only the other Battalion of
Light Infantry which was sent to surround the rebels
through some mistake was led so far on our Right as
to find an impassable swamp between them and the
Army, which prevented this little spirited affair becom
ing so decisive. The rebels left about 20 dead
among which was a Captain of Lord Sterling's Reg't.
We had 3 men killed and 20 wounded, amongst which
was Lieut. Haldane Engineer and three more officers.
The Rebel Deserters since Come in, say they lost 5
Captains. This body of the enemy was commanded
by General Maxwell. From the Iron Hill the waters
of the Chesapeak and Delaware are seen. At 2 the
whole encamped. Head Quarters Aikin's Tavern.
Lord Cornwallis's to Cooche's Mill on the little Chris-
teen where the rebels had a post this morning which
we drove them from. The Guards on Iron Hill, Dun
op, the Hessian Grenadiers, together with the British
and all the Light Troops on the opposite side of the
creek about 1 mile. The middle of this day exces
sive hot. Accounts just after this skirmishing was
over that Lieut.-Genl. Kniphuysen's body was arrived
at Aikin's Tavern. This spot is the Welsh tract we
called Penn-Cadder. Lieut.-Genl. Kniphuysen's en
campment forms a kind of 2nd line to us. Two or 3
shots exchanged in the night. Total of Cattle taken
and now brought in by Lt.-Genl. Kniphuysen amounts
to 500 Head of Horned Cattle — 1000 Sheep and 100
horses but not above forty of these Horses fit for
Draught. 4th. The mornings now may be said to be cold in
so much that fires are both agreeable and necessary —
the weather charming. The Engineer's wound was
such as to be obliged this morning to be sent on board
the Hospital ship in the Fleet with the rest of the
wounded by an escort of the rangers to Elk Town.
Two deserters Came in. Pioneers employed in bury-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 447
ing the Rebels, more being found in the woods. Two
of them Captains Dallas and Cumming lay just beyond
the Bridge at Cooch's Mill. The rebels in general
retreated yesterday to Christian and White Clay
Creek. The great want of Horses prevents our mov
ing this day. People thats Come in say the Rebels
lost yesterday 1 2 officers. Waggons went this even
ing to head of Elk for Provisions and to carry back
the men's tents and officers and Spare baggage for
want of Carriages. Inhabitants drove in by the op
pression of the rebels. People from our C?mp daily
on the decouvert. Soil here not Extraordinary. A
few hopping shot in the night. Our pickets wounded
one of our dragoons and killed a horse supplying these
rebels. Evenings & nights dew very heavy.
5th. Weather charming, mornings cold. Sir Wm.
Erskine and ist Battalion Light Infantry gone for
ward to reconnoitre. A man came in who slept in
the rebel Camp at Chad's Ford on the Brandywine
last night, where he left Major-Genl. Sullivan and
2000 men and 3 field pieces. Three fugitives came
in from Bohemia, say that Genl. Mifflin and Cad-
wallader with what militia they have and can collect
at Chester with an intention to harrass our Rear.
Three Rebels Light Horse deserted to us — all Irish
men — some with the clothing of our 8th Regt. on —
taken from us by their Privateers and each covered
with a rifle shirt. This country subject to small in
termittent fevers. Dispatches by the Phoenix Ship
of war arrived in this Camp this night. Upon the Poll
being taken of the Inhabitants that remain in Phila
delphia and within its Isthmus as follows :
In the City 23,000 Suburbs 2000 Liberties 10,000
together 35,000 Souls.
6*. Overcast with a gentle rain — weather close. A
rifle man deserted to us. This evening excessive hot.
Arrived that body of the Army left at Elkton under

448 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
the Command of Major-General Grant. We learn
that General Sullivan with One thousand men, but
no Cannon, were at Newark.
Sunday 7*. Weather very sultry, came in two de
serters on Lt. Horse & 1 Highlander.
8th. The whole moved 2 hours before daylight — a
remarkable borealis. An amazing strong ground —
marched this day about 12 miles to Head Quarters —
a very strong country — but 3 or 4 Shots fired during
the march. A great deal of rebel cattle collected.
At \ past 9 three alarm guns were fired from the rebel
camp, conjectured to be at Newport, one minute be
tween each gun. A rebel Colonel, Baggage and Ser
vant taken in Waggon and 4 horses. At \ past 7 this
morning marching through Newark the weather was
very cold indeed. Encamped this day at 1 o'clock at
Nibblas's house which is from Aikin's Tavern to
Cooch's Mill round Iron Hill by way of Newark and
so into the road from Newport to Lancaster in the
way to New Garden. Heard the rebel morning gun.
Took a waggon & 4 horses with 1 2 barrels of Flour
going to the enemy. 16 Inhabitants Came in. Three
Cannon shot by us at rebel officers reconnoitering after
we had Come to our Ground. Some firing this even
ing at the rebels.
9th. At 2 o'clock P. M. Lt.-General Kniphuysen
with the 3rd division and 2 more British Brigades
marched for Kennett's square via New Garden and
arrived at his ground at 11. At sunset this evening
the 2 other divisions of this Army under Lord Corn-
wallis and Major-General Grant marched from Head
Quarters at Nichols's House Mill Creek Hundred by
a bye road to Hokesson Meeting house— Quaker
meeting 4 miles distance and encamped. The roads
bad for both Routs of the Army & under many halts.
At i past 5 this afternoon the Commander in Chief
received accounts of the rebel army having evacuated
Newport and Wilmington and taken post at Chad's
ford on the Brandywine Creek.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 449
10*. At 6 this morning the Army moved and arrived
at noon at Kennet's Square in Chester County in
Pennsylvania — the middle very hot — our march this
day about 6 miles through an amazingly strong coun
try, being a succession of large hills, rather sudden
with narrow vales, in short an entire defile. This
days march and not a shot fired. Encamped on very
strong ^ ground where we joined Lt.-General Knip
huysen's division. Cattle and horses collected. Ac
counts that the Rebels had moved heavy Artillery to
the Turks Head by intelligence at 5 this evening.
Rebel Light Horse about but fled. Almost all the
Inhabitants found at their houses.
IIth. At daybreak this morning the Commander in
Chief with their body of the Army marched, consist
ing in this column, about 7000 men, composed of the
Chasseurs mounted and dismounted, ist and 2nd
Battalions Light Infantry — ist and 2nd Battalions
Grenadiers — the Guards — 2 Squadrons Queen's Light
Dragoons — dismounted ditto and 4th Brigades of In
fantry. A thick fog contributed greatly to favour our
march. Passed the forks of the Brandywine Creek at
Trumbull's Ford and at Jeffries' Ford and arrived upon
an open clear height at \ past 2 and halted and re
freshed ourselves for an hour, during which time ob
served the Gros of the rebel army forming upon an
opposite height, one mile and \ from us and 2\ miles
from Chad's Ford on the Brandywine. This position
of the Enemy was remarkably strong, having a large
body advanced, small bodies still further advanced and
their Rear covered by a wood wherein their main body
was posted with a natural glacis for f of a mile. How
ever advantageous the rebels were situated and not
withstanding our army had marched — miles, both
sultry and dusty and rather fatigued, many remaining
along the road on that account, nevertheless at \ past
3 the whole moved towards the Enemy in 3 columns
viz : — 29

450 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.

and the 3rd Brigade as a reserve —
4th Brigade || Hessian Grenadiers || Light Dragoons ||
Some skirmishing begun in the valley in which
the enemy was drove, upon gaining something further
of the ascent the enemy began to amuse us with
2 guns, the ground on the left being the most dif
ficult the rebels disputed it with the Light Infantry
with great spirit, particularly their officers, this spot
was a ploughed hill and they covered by its summit
and flanked by a wood; however unfavourable the
circumstances their ardour was such that they pushed
in upon them under a very heavy fire. The British
Grenadiers and Guards at the same time labouring
under a smart and incessant fire from the Rebels out of
a wood and above them, most nobly charged them
without firing a shot and drove them before them, they
covering their retreat with their Light Troops from
one patch of woodland to another firing upon us, as we
advanced into the cleared intervals until our Cannon
surmounted the summits from one to another which
effectually drove them beyond its Posts. We then
pursued them through DilworthTown and drove them
for one mile & a £ beyond it, to the skirt of a
wood, where they had collected and from whence they
poured on us particularly on the Guards and 4th
Brigade, the heaviest fire (for the time) during the
action. As soon as Lt.-General Kniphuysen, who had
the Gros of our army with him, heard the action be
gun, he instantly began his attack and drove the
enemy over the Brandywine, across Chad's Ford and
pushed them over it until he met with the left wing of
the rebel army which likewise fled after an obstinate
resistance and then encamped on the field of battle

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 45 1
being about 3 miles from Head Quarters — the 2 col
umns making a junction. Our army marched this day
no less than 17 miles after which they gained a Com
plete victory over the rebels in this general action.
Rebel orderly Books found to the 7th Instant inclusive,
wherein Washington expected our attacking him at
Wilmington and his Order respecting it particularly,
this now was their time for their utmost exertions as
their liberties and the fate of America depended upon
one general action. Rebel returns found that their regu
lar, Continental or standing army, consisted yesterday
of 1 2,900 men, exclusive of their militia and 2 Regiments
Light Horse then present and fit for duty. This re
turn by some supposed to be false. Ordnance taken
viz., ten pieces of Cannon and one Howitzer. Killed
of Rebel Army of Officers, non-commissioned and
privates 450 and prisoners of the same 400.
September 12*. At 2 o'clock this afternoon Major-
Genl. Grant with the ist and 2nd Brigade marched
from Chad's Ford towards Concord. The patroles from
each Corps in scouring the woods near them picked up
Waggons, Horses, Ammunition, Provisions and cattle
and several Rebels that had secreted themselves.
13*. Lord Cornwallis with the 2nd Battalion Light
Infantry and 2 of Grenadiers marched at \ past 6
in the morning to join the body under Major-Genl.
Grant and to move on towards Chester. A hard
North West wind and cold. Neighboring Inhabitants
Coming in for Protection. At 5 o'clock this after
noon the troops with Lord Cornwallis reached Ashton
within 4 miles of Chester. The peasants about em
ployed in burying the dead Rebels without our Cen-
tries, who have now become very offensive. This
day the 71st Regt. took possession of Wilmington,
the rebels having left 7 pieces of Cannon unspiked and
also 2 Brass field pieces taken from the Hessians at
Trenton. Wind still to the Northward and cold.
Sunday 14*. A detachment at 6 this morning es
corted our wounded men to Wilmington by the same

452 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
opportunity. An Engineer and Company & Carpen
ters went in order to fit up the Hospitals, &c, and this
evening the noted Dr. Rush, a rebel Doctor and Dele
gate with 3 Surgeons to attend the wounded Rebels
left scattered in the Houses about the field of Battle
unattended by their Surgeons till now. Wind north
erly and chilly. The Courier returned with a receipt
of the delivery of a letter from the General to Lord
Howe, delivered near the head of Elk to the Corn
wallis, an armed vessel. Thirteen rebel prisoners and
deserters sent into this camp by Lord Cornwallis.
Dry weather & very favourable for the wounded.
Persons during the Campaign constantly employed
under the Chief Engineer in surveying the roads the
Army marches and their Encampments, &c, and fields
of battle.15*. Wind N. E. and raw. Lord Cornwallis who
is advanced, sent several waggon loads of flour to this
army. Came in two more Rebel Surgeons to dress
their wounded and two more on the road, coming in.
Arrived 2 light Horse deserted from the rebel army at
Philadelphia, also deserted to us one Willis a Rebel
Captain of Grenadiers. A heavy cannon fire heard in
the Delaware most of this morning. Prisoners taken,
found in the woods, that could not escape. The rebel
wounded sent off to the Turk's Head Tavern 5 miles
from Dilworth, Except Doctor Delegate Rush. The
Commander in Chief went with his escort only of Dra
goons to Lord Cornwallis' Post £ of a mile west of
Chester. At 4 o'clock P. M. learnt that the rebel
army which had crossed the Schuylkill at Philadelphia
had repassed it to this side of Levering' s Ford and
were pursuing the road to Lancaster. This night at
8, the body with Lord Cornwallis moved from near
Chester towards the Lancaster road. This day  two
men were executed, one Grenadier, and one light In
fantry. 16*. At half past ( ) this morning the army marched
towards Lancaster by the way of the Turk's head.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 453
Goshen meeting and the sign of the Boot on the Down
ing Town road. At 1 1 o'clock we made a junction
with Lord Cornwallis's Column, which immediately
marched to the White Horse on Lancaster road and
this column with Lt.-Genl. Kniphuysen Continued to
the sign of the Boot (being Commander in Chiet's
Head Quarters) when they encamped owing to an
Equinoxial gale at N. E. accompanied with incessant
heavy rains. We fired a few shot at their Patrols of
Light Horse. About 2 this afternoon we were at
tacked on our right Flank by a body of the Rebel
army under General Wayne together with a large
body of militia previous to which we heard several
cannon and small arms fired in Lord Cornwallis's col
umn. We soon drove them. The Yagers behaved
admirably. The Enemy left 9 dead on the Field and
a Captain wounded with a 3 pounder and since dead
and we took 13 Prisoners. Our loss was only 3
wounded — with Lord Cornwallis's column the Rebel
left 12 dead and 30 prisoners amongst which a Colo
nel and a Brigade Major. The rebels on the firing
decamped and in all the rain it marched to Hasel's
Ferry. This Head Quarters is at the sign of the Boot
in the Township of Goshen and within \ mile of the
Township of W. Whiteland. The Boot is within 5
miles of Downing Town.
1 7*. The rain and wind continued at N. E. but not
so incessant, the roads became very heavy, and the
lowlands overflowed. There being but few houses
and barns our troops suffered much from the weather.
Several people returned from the rebels with various
accounts, but in general agree that Washington with
the gros of the Rebel army is now on the Lancaster
Road between the White Horse and Downing Town,
a homely Tavern on the road to Swedesford with 13
others, say 37 pieces of Cannon. Excellent intelli
gence from the rebel camp. The Commander-in-Chief
received a letter this evening from our Ships of war,
and three victuallers, one at anchor in the Delaware

454 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
off Chester. Rebel Camp moved from Howell's ferry
in order to proceed to the Swedesford but their Ex
press returned, not passable. So they returned and
took their strong ground from the White Horse to
Malins. 1 8th. Between 3 and 4 this morning (the Equinoxial
Gale still continuing at N. East, with small rain) the
Army marched from the Boot 3 miles to the White
Horse, where we joined Lord Cornwallis's column,
halted an hour, and the whole army moved on towards
Philadelphia, until we arrived at Randel Malins, being
2\ miles further. There we struck off (the roads
forking) the road to the Swedes Ford to Treduffrin,
one mile beyond Howell's Tavern, being 4^ to that
Tavern and encamped one mile further, making 5^
miles more, in all this day, Eleven miles. Lord Corn
wallis's column continuing the Philadelphia Main Road
from the Forks at Randel Malins (which was Wash
ington's Headquarters the night before last) which
road runs nearly parallel with the Swedes Ford Road,
running only one Mile from this Camp, where his Lord
ship formed a junction and encamped. Several shot
fired during the course of this day and some prisoners
taken from the rebels. Some deserters and a Light
Horse. The Army passed over the rebels late en
campment where they had a most favourable position
being a prevailing gradual height in the valley. This
night, our out Centries took a Virginia Lt. Colonel,
who mistook this Camp for the rebel one. Observed
2 reconnoitring parties of the Army at a distance dur
ing the march. Near the \ of my artificers, labour
ers and waggoners as well as the Engineers are fallen
sick with the prevailing distemper of the Fever and
Ague. We found the Inhabitants in general at their
Homes. Several small hills in getting to this En
campment, which made the rear long and Baggage
late. The rebel dragoons took a servant and a driver
at an Inhabitant's house in the rear. A man sent
out discovered upwards of 3800 Barrels of Flour, Soap

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 4^5
and Candles, 25 Barrels ' of Horse Shoes, several
thousand tomahawks and kettles, and Intrenching
Tools and 20 Hogsheads of Resin in a Barn, 3 miles
from hence at the Valley Forge. A detachment of
3 Companies Light Infantry went this night to possess
it, the Commanding Officer of the Light Infantry had
his horse shot.
19*. Wind N. W. very fine weather, which comes
very seasonably to refresh the troops and dry the
roads which are very sloughy about this place. The
halting this day very necessary for the men and par
ticularly for our horses. A Dragoon deserter came
in. Abundance of Forage upon every plantation.
The Commander-in-Chief's dispatches sent this day to
Lt. Genl. Burgoyne. At 2 this afternoon Lord Corn
wallis's column marched and encamped within 2 miles
of French Creek at the Bull's Head and Mouth, all
upon the neighboring Height. This morning between
2 & 3 the Rebel congress precipitately abandoned
Philadelphia, owing to a false alarm and proceeded
to Reading. As many men have lately fallen sick,
empty waggons are ordered to each of the Corps.
Lt. Col. Harcourt with a party of dragoons and Light
Infantry made an excursion on the Philadelphia road
and brought in 1 50 horses which were much wanted,
got from New Town square 6 miles from hence. They
took likewise one Captain and 8 rebel prisoners.
Heavy dews. Couriers constantly going towards and
returning from the Enemy's Camp.
20th. Weather extremely fine. At 2 this morning
the guards moved and posted themselves with the
Light Infantry at the Valley Forge. Waggons em
ployed in carrying off from the magazine there, the
rebel stores. This morning 5 rebel centries fired on
the Guards who took the whole. They slightly
wounded one of our officers. This night Major Genl.
Gray was detached with the 2nd Battalion of Light
Infantry, 42d and 44th Regts. and Sergeant and 12 of
16th dragoons to surprise 2 Brigades of near 2000

456 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
men under the command of General Wayne. Be
tween io and 12 they fell in on the Rebel picket, be
tween the Admiral Warren and the Paoli, which fired
on them ; they rushed in and put the whole of the
picket to the Bayonet and then huzza'd which further
alarmed the main body, however our troops rapidly
advanced on their left, which were chiefly in their wig
wams, and put between 4 or 500 of them to the Bayo
net and the rest fled except about 100 that were taken
prisoners, amongst which was a Major and a French
officer and also 9 loaded waggons with 4 horses each,
and brought off their cattle. Their General escaped
and 4 pieces of Cannon through the woods. Our loss
was a Captain of Light Infantry, one Sergeant, and
one Private killed, and 2 dragoons and 2 Light In
fantry, and 3 Battalion men wounded. This capital
service, was effected without our firing a shot.
215' Sunday. At 5 this morning the Army moved,
marched 3 miles to the Valley Forge and 2 more to
Moor Hall making 5 miles and there encamped, the
weather very fine, but some few slight showers. No
firing during this march. We found the houses full
of military stores. This country abounds with Forage,
but the cattle drove off. Fevers and agues still pre
vail. A bridge was ordered to be made across the
Schuylkill at this place where the River is 1 20 yards,
and got in great forwardness, intending to deceive
the enemy. Almost every day, one or two deserters
come in.
22nd. Near 2 hours before daybreak, the enemy be
gan to make some movement to their right. At 7
Sir Wm. Erskine with the mounted and dismounted
Chasseurs, one Squadron of 16th Dragoons and part
of the 2nd Light Infantry patrolled up the Pottsgrove
Road which leads to Reading. Weather fine, rather
cold wind, frost at North West, sun crosses the line.
This country abounds with forage. Inhabitants, many
about Moorehall fled, being disaffected. At 5 this
morning the Hessian Grenadiers passed the Schuyl-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 457
kill at Gordon's Ford under fire of their artillery and
small arms, and returned back being intended as a
feint. At the same time the Light Infantry and Grena
diers passed over the Schuylkill at Fat Land Ford
without a single shot and there took post.
23rd. Just after 12 o'clock this night the whole army
moved to the opposite side, on North Side of the
River Schuylkill by the way of the Fatland Ford, and
by 10 A. M. the whole Baggage and all had happily
passed it. After' the principal body had got on the
North Side of the Schuylkill about 1 mile the Army
halted to dry themselves and rest. At 7 A. M. they
moved forward the Egypt road and continued to Nor-
rington where Head Quarters was fixed and the whole
of the Army came to their Ground by 3 o'clock P. M.
Major General  covered the rear with 10 Bat
talions and the Chasseurs. The Front of the Army
extending within \ mile of Swedes Ford on one
Philadelphia Road and 2i miles on the other one
called the Manitawney road. During this day only a
few scattering shot. We took 4 rebels Light Horse,
some prisoners, waggons and 3 loads of Ammunition
and some stores of Liquors. Our couriers affirm that
the Rebel army principally retreated to Reading. On
leaving the ground of our last Encampment we set
fire to the Valley Forge and destroyed it. The Enemy
abandoned the Swedes Ford and left two 18 Pounders
on the works then loaded but not spiked. An Excellent
day for marching, cool and pleasant. About 9 this
night our pickets in the rear fired a few shot at some
skulking rebels.
24*. Weather delightful. Four or 5 shot exchang
ed between our foraging parties and the rebels about
9 this morning. Early this morning our pickets in the
rear fired at some straggling rebels. This Township
of Norrington is very rebellious. All the manufac
tures about this country seem to consist of Powder,
Ball, Shot and Cannon, firearms, and swords. The
Army halted this day.

458 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
25*. Wind fresh at N. N. East. The whole marched
in 2 columns and arrived at Germantown, being
Eleven miles, marched through a great deal of wood
land and some stony ground. All the afternoon and
night heavy rain and hard wind. Towards the Town
by the Frankford road. Our Light Horse took a
Colonel, a principal Commissary, a captain of a
Frigate, and a Captain of Light Horse, and 2 or 3 of
his men.
26*. At half past Eight this morning Lord Corn
wallis with the two Battalions of British Grenadiers
and Hessian Grenadiers, two Squadrons of sixteenth
dragoons and artillery with the Chief-Engineer, Com
manding officer of Artillery, Quartermaster and Ad
jutant-General marched and took possession of the
city of
PHILADELPHIA
at 10 the same morning amidst the acclamation of
some thousands of the inhabitants mostly women and
children. After the necessary guards were fixed, the
Troops were posted as follows, the Hessian Grena
diers to the North of the city, the East Battalion
British Grenadiers at the Bettering House, &c, front
ing out from the centre of the city, and the ist Bat
talion British Grenadiers at the Shipyard, to the South
of the City, forming a semi-circle, and covering the
whole. At the same the Engineers with working
parties constructed 2 Batteries and marked out a 3d
along the waters edge with 6 medium 12 Pounders
and 4 Royal Howitzers to prevent the Enemy's fleet
repairing up the River or annoying the city. Took a
Lieut, of the rebel Gallies prisoner. Fine weather.
Wind at N. and fresh. This day a large party of the
Enemy unperceived attacked the Queen's Rangers,
shot the sentry and another, but were repulsed with
great alertness, one of their Lieutenants we found
dead on the field. This day myself and servant near
being taken at Gloucester Point by the enemy's galley

JOURNALS OF CAPT.' JOHN MONTRESOR. 459
stationed there whilst I was reconnoitering. A mes
senger sent yesterday to acquaint our Fleet at Chester
that we were in possession of Philadelphia.
27*. At \ past 8, wind at the West. Two of the
Rebel Frigates and 5 row Gallies came up with the
Tide with orders to lay as close to the City as pos
sible, and cannonade it in order to drive the King's
Troops out. Fortunately the 2 lower Batteries were
just completed as they approached us within cannon
shot, when we opened upon them and the artillery be
ing extremely well directed their best Frigate the
Delaware which got somewhat aground, stuck to us
and one of the Gallies having her foremast carried
away run ashore at New Jersey directly opposite to
our Batteries. The other Frigate and 4 Gallies in
great haste put about and went back to the Fort.
This Frigate has 24 Twelve pounders, and 6 Nine
pounders with 150 men. She had but one man killed
and six wounded. She was 2 or 3 times on fire owing
to one of our shot having drove through her caboose,
it not being easily extinguished was also owing to one
of our Royal Howitzers having burst within her near
the bows. Captain Moncrief and the carpenters
principally on board the Frigate to extinguish the
Fire by cutting away parts of her side. Learnt by
deserters from the Rebel Fleet that the Galley drove
ashore on the Jersey side had 4 men killed and 6
wounded. We found in this city about 50 Boats of
all sorts and procured a Durham boat from Frankford
creek that will hold 100 men. The Boats of the
Ferries secured, accounts received that Lord Howe
and the Fleet were within the Light House. This
afternoon began to reconnoitre the heights near this
city, for forming the defense of it, by Field Works,
running from the Schuylkill to the Delaware rivers.
This I was given to understand was our present grand
object. Some party of the Enemy attacked the
Queen's Rangers, killed one man and wounded three
officers, but were immediately drove back with some

460 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
loss. The Commander-in-Chief entered the city and
returned. I attended him and settled for the payment
of the Inhabitants that could be procured to work.
Allowance 8 Shillings a day to four and eight pence
per day.
28* Sunday. As cold as in the beginning of No
vember. Wind at N. E. and fresh. Lt. Colonel
Monkton and a detachment of 600 Grenadiers crossed
the Schuylkill Ferry to escort some sailors sent by the
Roebuck to man the rebel Frigate. The Commander-
in-Chief entered this city and returned to his Head
Quarters at Stenton near Germantown. Early this
morning I begun on fixing the Situation for forming a
chain of redoubts for the defence of this city. This
afternoon I attended Lord Cornwallis in viewing the
Position I had fixed on for the works, extending along
the heights from Delaware to Schuylkill, North of the
city. Finished the North Battery, near Kensington.
Several guns small arms, &c. discovered, also quanti
ties of ammunition, Intrenching Tools, &c. Found
at daylight this morning that the Galley had got off
and returned to the Rebel Fleet. M. Duche, minister
was put in Jail for having been concerned in the Re
bellion. Deserted to us this morning a Sloop with 2
guns and 30 armed men. Also several deserters and
a Trumpeter of Rebel Light Horse. Deserted to us
30 armed men with a Galley which they run ashore
below Gloucester Point, while their Captain was gone
for Orders.
29*. Wind at N. E. and very cold. The detach
ment of Grenadiers returned from towards Chester
and escorted safe the seamen sent by Captain Ham
mond of the Roebuck, consisting of one Lieut., 2 mid
shipmen, and 50 men, and a few hours after arrived
14 more seamen. Several persons concerned were
apprehended and confined in the Jail. A Proclamation
dated yesterday was issued this day by the Com
mander-in-Chief signifying no further indulgences to
Rebels, all former proclamations being now void. En-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 46 1
gineers begun to mark out the defences. Large quan
tities of small arms discovered ; also more Cannon.
Several new discoveries, of Boats. Several desertions
from the Rebel Army.
Transmitted to my friend Boddington, copies and
Triplicates of my public accounts, as my Controul, in
case of Enquiries or Retrospections for the conduct
of the Expenditures. This night the rebels sent down
3 large Fire rafts to burn some of our Ships of war
who kept a smart cannonade upon them, but being
too late in the tide, returned with the Flood to their
own Shipping, came in three dragoons from the rebels.
October Ist, Wednesday. Wind stiff to the North.
Weather extremely pleasant. The 2nd Battalion Gren
adiers returned but with little cattle. Several desert
ers from the rebels came by 4s and 6s. Several
Scows, Flat Boats and others found and brought to
Town that were laid hid in the marshes and several
from Windmill Island and two Field carriages complete.
2nd. Weather vastly fine. Foggy mornings. Heavy
cannonade down the river at 9 o'clock A. M. About
50 deserters chiefly from General Wayne's brigade.
Wind S. S. W. The Delaware Rebel Frigate re
moved to the North Battery. A few of the Inhabi
tants made a kind of beginning at the Redoubt this
afternoon. At io this morning signed the order for
Provisions for 340 Inhabitants to work on the redoubts.
Not yet attended the work. This return dated October
ist and ending 4th both inclusive.
3rd. The mornings very foggy, but the weather
fine. Inhabitants went to work this morning. But
300 men though signed for 340 days provisions. Reg
ulated the Foreman to the workmen. This evening
as the day was closing 2 Skiffs were brought to Schuyl
kill Ferry (the Rebels on our arrival having broke
the canoe on the opposite side) as an officer and 20
Grenadiers were to escort myself, Captain Moncrief
and Brigade Major Ferrington to ascertain the dis
tances to the shipping and Forts, though dark, how-

462 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
ever, these boats would contain but myself and 5
Grenadiers, who were first over and the other Captain
Moncrief and 4 Grenadiers. The Rebels abandoned
the Island as did their Hospital.
4th. As the day was breaking and during our Re
veille beating, our Pickets were unexpectedly attacked
by the rebel army, &c. A Flag of truce sent out to
the Enemy for surgeons for their wounded. During
the action of this day, the countenances and actions of
many of the Inhabitants of Philadelphia were rather
rebellious and seem to indicate their wish for the rebels
to regain the city.
5* Sunday. Weather extremely fine but hot and
dry. One captain, 2 subalterns, and 30 of Royal ar
tillery detached this day to Chester, to bring to Phil
adelphia two 8 inch Howitzers, and two Eight Inch
Mortars, if no Howitzers then another mortar of 10
Inch. A Battalion of Grenadiers and the 23rd or
Welsh Fusileers went at the same time to escort them,
accounts received from the Lower Chevaux des frizes
that our ships of war had weighed them under cover
of their ships, and 200 men of the 71st Regiment
now in possession of the fort at Billingsport. Sixty
deserters from the Rebels.
6*. Weather very warm. Wind S. W. 30 desert
ers from the rebel army, who left it yesterday at the
29th milestone from this city. Washington's Head
quarters at the Trap ; a large body at Perkioming
creek, and another at Skippack. This night returned
the escort with Provisions and Artillery from Chester,
and the 42nd and 10th Regt. two 8 inch Bran Mor
tars, two 8 inch Bran Howitzers, and 400 eight inch
Shells, and 500 Barrels of Pork. This night almost
a^ continued cannonade between the Enemies Row
Galleys and our Ships of war, between Fort Island
and Chester. Arrived an Agent of Transports from
Lord Howe's Fleet having left them off the Capes in
a hard gale Of wind. Scattering parties of the rebels
fired at our outposts this night but were repulsed. .

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 463
7*. Wind W. S. W. The weather extremely hot
for the season. Early this morning an account of
Lord Howe, and the fleet being certainly in the Del
aware. The 23d Regt. marched from Philadelphia to
Camp at Germantown. An Engineer and 100 Gren
adiers proceeded this morning to reconnoitre Province
Island for fixing of Mortars and 8 inch Howitzers.
Some deserters from the Enemy. In the evening the
rebels pushed 2 Galleys in the mouth of the Schuyl
kill which obliged the detachment with the Engineers
to return to Philadelphia by Gray's Ferry. Gallies
fired and the Fort together one hundred shot at us.
Dispatches arrived at Head Quarters from New York
by Chester.
8th. Weather remarkably fine and favourable for our
wounded men. Wind West. Several deserters from
the enemy. Hurley an ensign and adjutant and de
serter from the 44th Regiment when at Boston (after
having been tried by a Court Martial) was executed
this morning in the Artillery Camp. This night at
Sundown we made a Battery of No. 2 Medium 12s
at the N. side of the mouth of Schuylkill; before it
was finished 3 rebel Galleys came to their usual station
at the mouth and hearing our workmen fired grape
3 inch shot, which we did not return, until our Battery
was completed. The ioth Regiment marched from
Camp to assist as a working party, this night but the
boats in the morning from Gray's Ferry coming to
Province Island Ferry were taken by the rebels and
the people wounded and another attempt in the Even
ing failed owing to the lateness of the tide. The ar
tillery moved this Evening to Schuylkill Ferry a two
medium 12 pounder, two 8 inch Howitzers, and 2
Eight Inch mortars, and ioo rounds to each, 400 Fas
cines and pickets to Plank timber and Tools, and a
Detachment of Three hundred Grenadiers and one
Field 6 Pounder.
9*. Wind at E. & S. E. A very heavy rain parti
cularly this afternoon insomuch as to prevent the work-

464 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
ing and covering parties from proceeding to Province
Island. Nine Rebel Galleys attacked our Battery of
2 medium 12 pounders but were beaten back. We lost
one Grenadier killed, three wounded and a waggoner
and two Horses killed. This evening on the turning
of the tide two Brigs and a floating Battery moved up
between Little Mud Island and Fort Island. The
Fort this day apprehensive of our having taken post
on Province Island fired from the Fort on it from 7 to
8 o'clock A. M. Accounts from General Clinton hav
ing proceeded from New York up Hudson's River
with a considerable body of Troops to co-operate with
General Burgoyne from whom some favourable ac
counts have been likewise received at Head Quarters.
Several deserters came in.
io'\ A keen North Wester. Weather delightful
but cool. This night the Engineers constructed a bat
tery unperceived, the battery 250 yards from the
enemy's floating battery, and 500 yards West of the
Fort on a dyke in an overflowed meadow. Advanced
Lieutenant Sproule for the Inhabitants working on Re
doubts — Thirty guineas out of my own pocket. The
above, or Middle Battery, constructed on Carpenter's
Island, for one 8 inch Howitzer, and one Eight inch
mortar. Begun our first Battery against Mud Island,
but not before on account of the extensive works in
Town, Bridge across the Schuylkill, the reason for very
heavy rains and overflow of the Delaware, and in mak
ing good such Breaches of the several dykes as im
mediately affected the attacks and that by the Carpen
ters in the Engineers Department assisted by the
Detachment. 11*. At \ past 9 this morning the rebels landed
about 180 men near the battery built last night, and
advanced and summoned it and the Captain of the ioth
delivered it up, with his detachment of 50 men and
two officers and a medium Bran 12 Pounder and 4 ar
tillery men, which was retaken immediately by Captain
James Moncrief Engineer and 50 Hessians, recovered

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 465
the gun unspiked and all the detachment except 2 sub
alterns, 5 grenadiers and 2 artillery men. During this
day the Rebels fired 3000 Cannon Shot at this battery
from the instant day broke. The Troops being few
and harassed no work this night. This morning cold
and white frost.
1 2*. Sunday. Weather delightful. At 1 1 o'clock
this morning about 500 Rebels landed in the front and
2 flanks of the Battery with Bayonets fixed (previous
to which they shelled it with a very heavy cannonade,
from the Fort, Floating Batteries and Gallies) our de
tachment of 50 men \ Hessians \ British under a Hes
sian Captain ; received them with a well directed fire
of musketry, the attack for £ of an hour, the rebels
concealing themselves under the Dyke and behind trees
and bushes, in the mean time Major Gardiner with 50
Grenadiers moved from his post to outflank the rebels
and the battery, which he succeeded in by the rebels
taking to their boats, during which the detachment of
the battery kept up a smart fire. We lost 2 British
and 2 Hessian Grenadiers and 3 British wounded.
The rebels took their killed and wounded off in their
boats under their own fire.
13*. Wind S. W. and delightful weather. The re
doubts for the defence of Philadelphia continued on,
though slowly, as none but Inhabitants are employed
on it, and that at 8 shillings per day and Provisions.
This morning the Batteries could have opened on the
enemy but for the battery intended on the right which
could not be begun on account of the clearness^ of the
night. For the working and covering parties this
night, 400 men. Deserters daily come in. This night
I began a battery on the point of Province Island at
the Post houses for 2 Iron Eighteen Pounders. Large
quantities of Forage collected and brought in the
neighborhood of the city by the Commissary General,
artillery, &c. &c.
14*. Wind at N. W. fine weather. Working party
and covering for this night 500 men. Continued on
3°

466 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
the Post House Battery and completed it during the
course of this night. Also began on a new Battery to
the right and finished it,* raised and thickened the
middle Battery. The night very fine for work but
too clear. Enemies sent boats cruising, but we con
tinued undiscovered. Some deserters came in. The
Vigilant armed ship advanced early this morning and
fired at the Rebel Fort. This night the rebels em
ployed their Boats in loading their stores, &c, at Red
Bank, where they have a Fort which they are now
employed in strengthening.
15*. As soon (after daybreak) as the Fog was dis
pelled which was about 7 o'clock the 4 Batteries under
my direction opened upon the rebel Fort and marine,
the former we discovered to be nearly abandoned and
the latter weighed and sheered off, excepting one
Floating battery of 18 Eighteen Pounders which con
tinued about 1 hour and changed her position more
distant. Our batteries were as follows : —
Battery on the north side of Schuylkill Point, 2 me
dium 12 Pounders
Battery at the Post Houses, 2 rebel Iron 18 Pounders
Battery Middle (battery) 1 Eight inch Howitzer and
one 8 inch mortar.
Battery Night (battery) 1 Eight inch Howitzer and
one .8 inch mortar.
During the course of our firing one rebel iron 18
pounder burst, while I was on the Post House Battery
and killed one artillery man and wounded 3 more.
Could observe an additional vessel of our Fleet added
to the Roebuck and Vigilant now at anchor off of
Little Tinnicum Island. The two Batteries on the
Right continued to throw a shell or Howitzer about
every £ hour during the course of the night. Wind
this day chiefly S. W. weather charming.
* For one 8 inch .Howitzer .and 1 Eight inch mortar 600 yds. from
Fort.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 467
16*. At nine this morning a Court Martial sat for
the tryal of such persons as were thought to have mis
behaved on the 1 ith Inst, in surrendering to the enemy
the middle battery on Carpenter's Island. Wind at
N. E. but delightful weather. Fired some Red hot
shot out of the Howitzers to set fire to the barracks.
The lightness of our Artillery and the shortness of
our ammunition not making that instant impression
the Commander-in-Chief wished and expected he this
day at i o'clock altered his present Plan. Guards for
the Batteries at and near Province Island, 360 men.
Observation by the Commander-in-Chief, respecting
the reducing of Mud Island Fort, "That 3 weeks were
now elapsed and nothing done." Quere ? Whether
that might not be related (with submission) to him,
about his staying so far away at Germantown ?
17*. Weather cold and raw and cloudy. Wind E. N.
E. About noon 7 Deserters came off from the Fort
in an excellent Barge. This day principally employed
in my department in transporting the materials for the
Bridge of Schuylkill at Gray's Ferry together with its
boats. Shell and Howitzers continue from the bat
tery at the rate of 10 every 24 hours. The 2 medium
12 Pounders brought back from the redoubt at the
Battery at the Post Houses. Obliged to take the
peasantry from the redoubts to load material.
18*. Wind at N. £ E. weather extremely fine. The
utmost preparation making to forward the Bridge at
Gray's Ferry across the Schuylkill. The detachment
from Wilmington and last from Chester, arrived on the
opposite side at 2 o'clock P. M. The Tide surpris
ingly high. Wind this afternoon Southerly. With
the detachment arrived the Engineer with it and
another recovered of his wounds. The overflow of
the meadows is such that the tide is rather over the
platform of the right and middle Batteries and Boats
pass from Ferry House to Blakely's. Wrote to the
Honorable Board. The detachment of yesterday from
Wilmington brought 500 convalescents. Arrived

468 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Lord Rawdon with dispatches from General Clinton
of his having stormed Forts Montgomery and Clinton,
killed ioo and took 300 rebels with the loss of 156
killed and wounded on our side.
19*. A thick fog, weather very fine. The Comman
der-in-Chief with the army marched from German-
town to the heights North of Philadelphia extending
from the river Delaware to the Schuylkill 2\ miles
and encamped in the rear of the 10 redoubts. I am
now constructing a kind of communication now kept
up with the Fleet by the way of Province Island and
Bow Creek. The cannon from the Fort damaging
our Right Battery. Obliged to repair them at night.
20*. Wind S. W. and the weather remarkably warm.
At 4 this morning 12 Flat bottomed Boats and a
whale boat arrived at Philadelphia from our Fleet after
receiving abundance of Grape from the Fort and 2
Gallies below without any injury until they arrived
near our Battery two medium 12 pounders, on the
North point of Schuylkill where they were fired on
(that Garrison not being apprized) and lost one sea
man. At \ past 10 this morning, the Engineers fin
ished the Floating Bridge across Schuylkill upwards
of 400 feet. Rebels fired a feu de joie from the Fort
and Ships, &c. Commander-in-Chief visited the works.
An officer and 6 mounted Jagers patroling near the
Falls of Schuylkill were met by a troop of Rebel Horse
and obliged to fly having one killed, but Plunket their
Captain pursuing too far fell in with one of our Pickets
and was wounded and taken with another. Arrived
in the night as far as Blakely's House a 13 inch
mortar and this night made greatest put of its battery
about 350 yards from the Rebel Fort. Communica
tion open with the Fleet from the Batteries to Bow
Creek, the road to Blakely's House. The effect of
these Batteries were answered by driving off the Rebel
Floating Batteries and Gallies and opening a kind of
communication with our Fleet, they were also intended
to annoy the Fort and set fire to the Buildings, which

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 469
did not take place for the Instant the shells fell, they
were immersed in the mire, that work being con
structed in and on the mud.
21s'. A sharp North Wester and rather cold. At 8
this morning our Troops embarked in 12 Flat bot
tomed Boats at the North End of Philadelphia and
landed on the Jersey Shore consisting of 3 Battalions
of Hessians, Regiment of Mirbach and Chasseurs
with all their Battalion Guns and 2 Royal Howitzers
to attack the Rebels at Red Bank. On the redoubts
720 of our Troops and I discharged the peasantry.
I began on the Tete de Pont on the West Side of
Schuylkill with the Detachment left there 71st and
1 Battalion Hessians and 27th Regiment. Wrote to
Captain McKenzie respecting my letter to the Board
to return home to lay before the Commander-in-Chief.
Accounts in the night that Genl. Weeden and 4000
rebels had crossed South Side of Schuylkill.
22nd. A very sharp white frost. Wind at North.
Accounts that the rebels had passed a considerable
body from their camp across the Schuylkill, the ioth
and 28th ordered as a working party, and I began
on Hamilton's House oppposite Gray's Ferry. The
Troops continued on the redoubts, began on damming
out the waters at Province Isd. by filling up the
Dykes that the rebels had cut to overflow the mea
dows by 11 Inhabitants from town, a skin of ice
this morning just perceptible and that was all. Early
this morning 8 Flat bottomed Boats arrived in the
Schuylkill from the Fleet with 50 hogsheads of rum
without a single shot from the enemy. At 3 o'clock
P. M. the works for the tete de pont at Gray's Ferry
ordered to be stopt and the Detacht. to return and the
bridge to be taken up and carried to Middle Ferry.
In the night recd. the acct. of the Hessians having at
tacked the Rebel works at Red Bank, carried their
outworks and afterwards repulsed. Count Dunop
wounded mortally.
23rd. Wind northerly and fresh and cold. Before

47° JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
daybreak the 27th Regt. and a Battalion of Light In
fantry crossed the Delaware to reinforce and cover
the Hessians who retired this afternoon to Cooper's
Ferry opposite the city. The working parties in
stead of doing their duty by thirds, do it now by
fourths. The parties entered on the redoubts. Be
fore the Explosion of the Augustas Powder Magazine
which was at \ past 10 A. M. many of the seamen
jumped overboard apprehending it, some were taken
up by our ships boats, but the Chaplain, one Lieu
tenant and 60 men perished in the water. The Au
gusta has got aground but not on the Chevaux de
frises as did the Merlin sloop of war but nearer the
Jersey shore. 200 Grenadiers were ready for the
assault and had marched to the Ferry at Province
Island where the Fleet Boats were ready to receive
them. During the course of this mornings unfortu
nate manoeuvre the Rebels sent down a fire raft. 2
of our ships boats towed off and 2 went ashore. Four
row Gallies came down this evening from Bristol and
come too behind Petty's Island about 3 miles North
East of the city. This night made work for 30 men
on each side of Middle Ferry house to cover the work
men making the Floating Bridge. 2 Light 12 pounders
brought from the Park and fixed on a rise to secure
the Bridge.
24*. Wind at N. E. and raw. Began and finished
3 Lodgments for 40 men each as a Tete de pont op
posite on West Side of Schuylkill. Began this morn
ing to lay the Bridge and Middle Ferry and I com
pleted it this afternoon. I directed a small work to be
made to cover the 2 Medium 12 pounders and the 9
Pounder at Schuylkill St.
25*. Wind at E. N. E. small rain and a thick fog.
Engineers mending the causeway to Blakely's House
across the meadows. Two floating Batteries begun
on for carrying each two 32 pounders. This day the
commander-in-chief's Proclamation of the ist October
expires.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 47 1
26*. Wind at N. E. and thick moist weather. An
Agent of Transports arrived before day from the Fleet
with 24 flat bottomed boats with provisions. This
evening returns leaving 8. This night went the mail
for England but not yet to sail. This day the marines
of the Fleet took possession again at Billingsport in
New Jersey.
27*. A storm at N. E. and heavy rain. At night a
mere Tempest. No working parties this day and in
deed from the nature of this overflowed land and the
heavy rains and great freshet in the Delaware retards
our progress beyond description.
28*. The Tempest with rain continued. Wind at
N. East. No working parties whatever this day.
This morning between 6 and 7 the Commander-in-
Chief's dispatches left this for England escorted to
 by the two Battalions of 71st Regt. At 2 P. M.
the floating Bridge at Middle Ferry was carried down
the Schuylkill by the N. E. Stormy High tide and
rapid stream and Ebb together. By the dispatches
this day I wrote to the Board for 6 months leave or to
be relieved, if not to be permitted to resign. The
Schuylkill so rapid, could not depart, the Province Is
land Detachment. The Fresh so high in the Schuyl
kill as to carry off part of the wharf.
29*. The Storm continues at N. E. but neither so
violent either in wind or rain. The weather too bad
for work. Parties however of the seamen attempting
to collect the Bridge and some carpenters squaring for
another. Gallies attacked our lower Batteries with
Grape but drove off. An Express went to the Fleet.
One deserter came in. The Floating Batteries re
tarded in their building by the weather.
30*. Wind at W. N. W. and cold the weather very
clear. Returned the messenger that was sent to Genl.
Burgoyne from Treduffrin who could not succeed.
Boats from the Fleet with Provisions and Rum.
Ground too wet to go on with the works. This night
the Rebels set fire to several of our boats that formed

472 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
our Bridge at Middle Ferry and were carried away to
the opposite shore.
31s'. Wind at N. W. weather very fine. The Boats
that attempted coming up from our Fleet towards 2 A.
M. were fired on by the Rebel Gallies and returned
back. A Battery of Light Infantry went 4\ miles on
Germantown road and saw no Rebels. Repossessed
the Tete de pont at the Middle Ferry over Schuylkill
without opposition. Knocked off one of the rebel's
thighs with a cannon shot. Our party 60 Inhabitants
this day and 30 more at night. Arrived this morning
a Lieut, of the 62d Regiment from Lt. Genl. Burgoyne
with a pass from Gates. A rebel General sent to the
Commander-in-Chief here with an account of the Con
vention, with an account that our Northern army had
lain down their arms, were on the march to Boston
and there to Embark for England in Transports to be
sent there from us and not to serve during the rebel
lion. November Ist. 1777. Wind N. somewhat Easterly
but Extreme fine weather. Flat boats brought up Pro
visions and 3 twenty four Pounders, Iron. Rebels
fire across at people as they ride on the Banks of the
Schuylkill. Two hundred of the Rebels employed in
cutting up the road to Bow Creek and breaking down
the dam to overflow us.*
Sunday 2nd. A thick fog, Wind at S. E. weather ex
tremely fine with a white Frost. A working party
ordered of 200 men but Countermanded by the Com
mander-in-Chief lest it should bring on the Fire on
the Boats expected up from the Fort this night.
Rebels fired a few shot at our detachment, at Tete
de pont. A deserter came in.
3rd. Wind at West and very fine weather. Early in
*" November ist. we are just now an army without provisions or Rum,
artillery for Beseiging, scarce any ammunition, no clothing, nor any
money. Somewhat dejected by Burgoyne's capitulation, and not elated
with our late manoeuvres as Dunop's repulse and the Augustas and Mer
lin being burnt and to compleat all, Blockaded." (From note book of
Captain Montresor.)

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 473
the morning generally foggy. Came up about 3 this
morning Provisions and three 24 Pounders in Boats.
This day General orders Contain the Convention or
rather Capitulation of Genl. Burgoyne's army. At 9
o'clock at night began on a Battery for six 24 Pound
ers. Daily working parties from the Troops continue
on the redoubts.
4*. Wind at West the day delightful. The Mud
Battery fired at our Shipping without effect. The
Ship with the Rebel Commodore was struck by a shot
from one of our medium 12 pounders and their fleet
hauled nearer the Jersey shore. The Battery began
in last night left and changed to the Front Dam 90
yards nearer the Delaware. Boats come up from the
Fleet with regimental Baggage and their Quarter
Master. 5*. Wind at West morning hazy. Weather very
warm and fine. Began on another floating bridge
across the Schuylkill at Middle Ferry formed by Logs.
Arrived this morning before daylight our Flat Boats
from the Fleet with Provisions. Rain all the after
noon and night. The Commander-in-Chief visited
Province Island and Carpenter's Island and the batter
ies and other works thereon. The rebels opened a Bat
tery of two Guns, near Manto Creek against our
shipping which was returned by them. Rebel Gallies
at the same time went down and fired on the Fleet
and were beat back. The Battery on the Front dam
being found too miry this night the working party
continued on the work of the night before last. This
morning the Detachment on Province Island relieved
by the twenty Seventh and the twenty eighth Regi
ment. 6th. Wind at W. and the greatest part of this day
Rain. Arrived before daylight Boats from the Fleet
with Provisions. Working party of 200 men Contin
ued on the six twenty four Pounders Battery at Prov
ince Island. The weather too wet for the Troops to
work on the redoubts. Two deserters came in from

474 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
the Rebel Camp. Quarter Master General received
orders to fix our Quarters near this city, intended for
10.000 men. Gun powder found lodged in the Chim-
nies in this city by the rebels.
7*. Wind at N. W. weather very fine but cold.
Boats come up from the Fleet before daylight with
Provisions, Rum and ioo Barrels of Powder. Working
party of 200 men continued on the Battery for six twenty
four Pounders. Parties on the redoubt from the Line.
8th. Wind N. W. weather very fine. Boats hap
pily got up again from our Fleet. Brought up 20
anchors for the Bridge. Provisions and 5000 Guineas
for the Army. Rained all the afternoon and heavily
all the night, which impeded our work. Our light
horse attacked 2 Squadron of the rebels Light Horse
and drove them, took their Major and a French officer
and some horses and a Dragoon.
Sunday 9*. Wind N. W. weather delightful. Fin
ished this night a 2nd Redoubt near Blakely's House.
Could not open our Battery this morning owing to the
badness of the weather last night. Accounts received
of the arrival of our reinforcements from New York.
Some seamen deserted to us.
10*. Morning damp and thick. Wind at S. W. at
7\ A. M. We opened our Batteries against Mud Is
land Fort, the whole consisting of two 32 pounders,
six 24 pounders Iron, one 18 pounder, two 8 inch How
itzers, two 8 inch mortars, and one 13 inch mortar for
throwing pound shot and carcases. Rebels from 2
Batteries fired 5 gun all silenced by noon except one
which was not silenced at dark. Afternoon, began to
rain with a gust at S. W. and continued raining most
of this night. Notwithstanding began on fortifying
Blakely's house. Bridge across Schuylkill at Middle
Ferry passable for Horse and foot. Two of our men
killed and one wounded by the rebels cannon shot.
One Grenadier, 1 artilly man killed on our battery.
Directions on our batteries to fire 80 rounds each gun.
11th. A West N. West wind and as cold as in the

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 475
depth of winter. A white frost ancl the ice I an Inch
thick. All the ordnance except the two 8 inch How
itzers wliich was slightly disabled. Deserters to us
some seamen from the Rebel ships. One artillery
Sergeant killed in our Battery, which continued firing
all day and blew up the Centre Block House in the
Fort. The Batteries repaired in the night. One cor
poral killed and 2 Sergeants wounded at Blakely's
House being in the line of Fire. An 18 pounder the
rebels weighed from the wreck of the Augusta, burst in
firing it at our Batteries from Red Bank, killed 1
and wounded 8 in the N. E. stockade. Bridge across
Middle Ferry Schuylkill finished. This night at high
water at 10 arrived 2 Brigs and 2 sloops loaded with
Provisions and ammunition which supplies the army
with provisions 3 weeks to come.
12*. Wind at S. blew a gale of wind between 4 &
5 A. M., and the rest of the day very tempestous.
The same batteries kept playing upon the Rebel fort
as yesterday, the two 8 inch Howitzers still disabled
and unrepaired. The Isis, a galley and sloop fired
much on the Jersey shore. The Vigilant expected up
but had touched ground last night. From one to 3
P.. M. the rebel Fire from the Fort was silenced but
at half past 3 they opened one Gun from their 2 Gun
Battery and one from the shoulder of the Mud Battery.
Arrived this morning a boat or ^ galley which deserted
to us with one 4 pounder, 4 swivels, and two wall
pieces with men & small arms. One man killed &
wounded mortally and the officer of artillery slightly
by the unexpected bursting of one of our 8 inch shells.
The N. E. front of the Stockades of ye Rebel Fort
practicable in 20 places. The lower Block House de
clining. Built a Battery on the wharf for one medium
1 2 pounder. Wind too violent for the Vigilant to come
up. One of our shells burst and killed 2 men on the
Battery. Remarks — by the Inhabitants that such cold
weather never set in so soon. Some trifling snow fell
this morning, mixed with rain.

476 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
13*. Wind W. N. W. Blowing very hard and too
scant a wind for the Vigilant and to attack the Fort.
Our batteries continued all the day at the Forts. Our
Ships and Gallies firing on Jersey Shore. Re
paired our Batteries this night with 100 men. Parties
in the redoubts as usual. Extremely cold this day.
Rebels still fire with one Gun, an Eighteen pounder,
from Shoulder of Mud Battery and 5 to 6 shot from 2
Gun Batteries. One of our 24 pounders disabled in
the Truck. A Boat with 4 men deserted to us from
the Gallies and a barge with men to our Fleet. The
Cold weather, hard work, bad Pasture and no Grain
destroyed several of our Horses, a great scarcity in
Philadelphia of meat, drink, clothing, firing, etc. etc.
14th. Wind W. N. W. very cold and raw, weather
cloudy, thought to be rather scant for the Vigilant and
that it would be sufficient, for as the tides became late
to get her over Hog Island bar. Our batteries con
tinued as usual against Fort Island. A floating battery
with two 32 pounders, we sent out of Schuylkill and
laid her within 500 yards of the Fort at daybreak
where she opened very successfully for two hours but
was silenced by the Fort, 3 shot went through her and
one killed. Rebels fired most of this day from the
Embrasure in the Shoulder of the Mud Battery and 2
Gun from the Gun Battery which they advanced in the
night. 15*. Wind westerly, weather very fine, but very
cold. Before 1 1 this morning the following ships of
war moved nearer the Chevaux de frise vizt. Isis,
Somerset, Roebuck, Liverpool, Pearl. Three Regi
ments of Provincials raising vizt Allen's, Chalmer's
and Clifton's. The latter Roman Catholicks. This
night at J past 1 1 the rebels set fire to ancl con
sumed the Fort except the Block houses and Com
manding Officers house and then evacuated Mud Island
leaving their colour standing, and fled so precipitately
as to leave us 1 1 pieces of cannon not spiked. Fort
Mifflin evacuated by the rebels.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 477
16*. Sunday. At \ past 7 this morning, a boat with
some sailors landed at the Fort on Mud Island and
took down the Rebel colours which were left standing
and hoisted our own. At 9 Sir George Osborne
(whom I accompanied) and the detachment intended
for the storm, embarked from Carpenter's Island in 8
Flat Bottomed Boats, 35 soldiers each together with
Engineers, a company of Carpenters, fascines, scaling
ladders, flying bridge, etc., and took possession of the
Fort & immediately began on a Battery for four 32
pounders, partly for the Defence of that post and partly
to prevent their vessels annoying us in removing the
Chevaux de frise. Wind W. by N. W. and thick with
some trifling snow.
General orders Head Quarters Philadelphia,
16 November 1777.
The Commander in Chief desires his thanks may
be given to all the officers and men employed in the
Reduction of Mud Island and particularly to Brigadier
General Cleaveland, Captain Montresor, Chief Engi
neer, and to Captains Montcrief and Trail and the
officers and men of the artillery employed upon that
service for their great exertions and indefatigable zeal
throughout that very laborious operation, in which the
officers and men of the navy took so great a share.
November 1 7* . Wind W. This morning at 1 1 o'clock,
the Troops that came left from [for] New York under
the command of Major Genl. Sir Thomas Wilson.
1 8th. This evening Lord Cornwallis with the troops
for Philadelphia landed at Billingsport where his Lord
ship took the command. Wind West. As he went
through Darby with the 33d Regt. the rebels fired
out of a house and Shot his Sergeant Major. The
troops entered it and bayoneted the whole.
19*. Wind W. Continued taking my tartar Emetic.
On the Batteries, since the beginning of throwing

478 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
them up and happily succeeded by unvaried persever

ance.

2o'h. Wind at W. At \ past 4 this afternoon the
rebels blew up their works at Red Bank. Arrived my
Brother, at 12 this day Lord Cornwallis with 6000
men took possession of Red Bank which the Rebels
evacuated the preceding night.
21s'. Wind at N. E. but very light. This morning
at 3 o'clock the moon shining the Galleys began to
move from the Rebel Fleet and pass up by the Town
and at 4 the rebels set fire to all their marine remain
ing. As soon as their Galley advanced towards our
Guns at the North Part of the city we fired on them
as did the Delaware Frigate, which drove one armed
Schooner of 8 guns, and one armed Sloop on the. Jer
sey shore. The rebels burnt 15 Topsail vessels and
15 galleys got up the river. Large Party of Rebel
Horse and foot attacked our pickets to the bottom of
our lines but was repulsed with loss. Came up to the
city from the Fleet, 2 Barges from the Ships of war.
This morning sailed from Chester, dispatches for New
York. Rebel Fleet here cost Five hundred thousand
pounds Sterling currency.
2 2d. Wind N. W. but mild and pleasant morning
very foggy. Came up to the city 5 trading sloops.
A large party of rebels again attacked our Pickets to
the right of the line and were drove with loss, they
firing out of the Houses, we set fire to Dickinson's
and several others. As day was breaking the tender
from the Delaware crossed to the Jersies, sunk a rebel
armed sloop that was aground. Nine Light Horse
taken by our Patrols. Arrived in the Delaware from
New York 23 victuallers under convoy of the Thames
Frigate. About seven o'clock this morning felt a
shock of an Earthquake.
Sunday 23d. Wind S. S. E. morning foggy and con
tinue hazy most of the day but the weather charming.
Several Sloops and Schooners arrived at Philadelphia
this morning. I demolished all the batteries and re-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 479
doubts on Carpenter's Island and Blakely's House.
The 28th and detachment of Guards 150 men retired
leaving the ioth Regt. to occupy the new redoubt at
the Province Island Ferry House.
24*. Wind S. W. Weather very fine, very mild
but very foggy and hazy all the day. Several ships
got up to Town this day and one ship of war the
" Camilla." Rain all this night.
25*. Wind at N. W. weather very fine. Lord
Cornwallis arrived with the troops at Gloucester.
Our pickets without the lines shot a sergeant of Light
Horse through the thigh and took him and killed his
horse. The 17th Dragoons and part of the troops
from Gloucester crossed over to this city. Arrived
Brig. Genl. Pattison Royal Artillery. In our attack in
the Jersey under Lord Cornwallis we lost 31 Jagers
killed, wounded, and missing.
26th. Wind W. N. W. weather very fine. Troops
crossed from Gloucester in the Jersey to Gloucester
Point in Pennsylvania.
27*. Wind W. N. W. weather mild. Troops from
Gloucester returned, crossing to Gloucester point until
the whole were over which was effected this morning
with Lord Cornwallis. On their retiring a smart fire
was kept up by about two hundred of the rebels upon
our rear at embarking.
28*. Wind at N. E. weather very fine.
29*. A very heavy storm at N. E. with rain.
30*. Wind at North, North East and some rain.
Sunday. December Ist, 1777, Monday. Wind N. W. weather
cleared up & fine.
2?. Wind W. N. W. discharged the Brig Lady
Howe. 3d. Wind N. W. and Snow but only to skim the
ground but not to lay. Orders for the Army to hold
themselves in readiness to move to-morrow by 7
A. M.
4*. Wind N. W. The Army's motion counter-

480 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
manded at 3 this morning. But at 10 this night they
marched in 2 Columns, the right taking the German-
town Road under Lord Cornwallis, and the left the
Manitawney Road along the Schuylkill.
6th. This night returned from the Army to Phila
delphia the 5th and 27th Regiments. Wind North
East. 7th. This morning at 2 o'clock provisions went from
Philadelphia to our Army, escorted by the 40th, 55th,
71st Regiments. A Light Horse mounted deserted
to us. Wind N. East.
8th. Wind at S. W. very foggy.
13*. Wind N. E.
18*. Discharged master Foreman & of the English
contracted carpenters.
2 2d. Sir Wm. Howe moved out from Philadelphia
with 7000 men across the Schuylkill over the 2 float
ing bridges and so to Darby leaving Lt. General
Kniphuysen in command at Philadelphia.
23d, Discharged the master and crew of the Sloop
Betsy. 28*. Sunday, Wind N. East, weather soft with 4
inches of Snow. The troops with the Com. in Chief
returned to this city after a very successful Foraging
Party, 200 Tons of Hay & taking this day 2 officers
& 37 men of the rebels advanced guard.
29th. Wind at N. W. very clear and very intense cold.
At 12 this day I sent off the Alert armed Schooner to
New York. The Ice this night one and a half inches.
30*. Wind N. W. amazing cold. Schuylkill frozen
over. A deserter from the rebels crossed to us.
The Delaware full of floating ice which forced a brig
and schooner on Shore at New Jersey at Gloucester
where the rebels took possession of them. Four
small crafts were drove past the Town. This day is
looked upon as Entering Winter Quarters. Mornings
and evenings continue fine.
Is' March 1778. Returned from Salem (60 miles
from hence) the 2 Battalions Light Infantry and the

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 48 1
two Established Engineers in flat boats. Weather
cold frosty and Boisterous at N. W. A Fall of snow
this night.
2d. Returned from Haddonfield the 2 Battalions of
42d and Simcoe's Rangers and 4 field pieces, 3 Pound
ers, by the way of Cooper's Ferry. A Fall of snow
this night. Wind at N. N. W.
3d. Snow all day, wind at N. N. East, now and then
we lose a man by Desertion 300 men from the Head
of Elk to this day.
4*. Intensely cold, wind at N. West. Good Sleigh
ing. 5*. Wind W. N. W. and cold. River Schuylkill
again froze across. Deserters in daily and with their
arms. First appearance of some trifling lightning.
6th. Weather moderated, wind northerly. Floating
ice in the Delaware. At 10 this night 100 Dragoon
and 150 mounted Light Infantry were detached to sur
prize 300 men near Chestnut Hill but had fled. They
took 1 Captain and 18 of the Rebels in arms, and 20
deserted to us. Lumber secretly from the well affected
to Government and Hoards discovered here by their
means, the Crown of course paying for the same.
This supply very apropos for the Troops.
7*. Wind at E. S. E. Foggy and moist weather,
some floating ice in the Delaware and Ice on the Edge
of the Schuylkill. This day the Alert Schooner taken
by the Rebels with 9 Gun Boats off New Castle and
retaken by the Experiment Sir James Wallace. Two
hay Transports were at the same time taken and burnt
by the rebels.
9"'. N. E. wind ancl snowy weather. Deserters in
numbers with arms daily joining us.
10*. Went down a Fleet for Cork, some for York
and 1 for London. Wind at North East and Snow.
The Cartel to meet at Germantown postponed by
Washington. 11th. Rain all day, the weather unsettled for many
days past. 31

482 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
12*. The Roebuck removed from the wharves into
the stream and the Camilla fell down the river and in
the afternoon followed her a Detachment of 1000 men
under the Command of Colonel Mawhood, 17th 27th
and 46th Regt. Simcoe's Rangers. Arrived the Ex
periment and Brune &c, with the Rhode Island Fleet
to the Chevaux de frise. Weather continues rather
hot than warm, being the ist Spring day.
13'11. Weather very warm and the appearance of ver
dure. Birds about.
14*. At 2 this morning went out 400 Light Infantry
and 30 Dragoons to Darby and returned, weather very
warm for the Season. Laylock and Gooseberry leaves
starting. Sunday 15*. Weather uncommonly warm. Wind
South East. Roads getting better.
16*. Easterly winds and Damp weather. Several
Deserters came in with their arms.
17* and 1 8th. Fine weather. 20 deserters came in.
Frogs croak in Swamps indicating Spring.
19*. Fine weather. Began torepair the Parapets
at the Redoubts.
20*. 40 Jagers made an Excursion mounted and
surprised a party of Rebels of 60 men at the Black
Horse on the Lancaster road, killed 2 and took an of
ficer and 10, the rest fled. Weather fine.
21s'. Wind at N. W. and Extremely cold with Ice.
High wind. 200 men Light Infantry out and returned
with some waggons of Rebel leather.
Sunday 2 2d. Ice an inch thick and very Cold.
23d. Weather still raw, wind N. East. Roads per
fectly dry.
24*. Weather very fine.
25*. Arrived Commissary Loring with General Lee
from New York. Weather fine and good roads.
26th. Damp morning, wind N. E.
27th. Arrived the New York Fleet of Transports 40
Sail with the January Packet from England, the whole
under convoy of the Thames and Daphne reached to

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 483
Gloucester Point. Weather very fine, wind North
West. 28*. Wind S. S. W. The most part of the Fleet
reached the City. Got more materials, Lumber of
sorts for getting the Troops comfortably into Quar
ters, Cavalry & Infantry, and are much indebted to
some Loyalists for their supply of the same and their
Informations where quantities are secreted, but must be
paid for by the Crown beforehand for part as a secur
ity. Secrecy is the word or Death, by the Lord as
per menage by W — tw — -h, who paid the money.
Sunday 29*. Daily Desertion from the Rebel Army.
During the Excursion of the Detachment of 1000 men
from our army to Salem &c, in New Jersey under
Col. Mawhood the Rebels have had 36 killed besides
the wounded and Prisoners.
30*. The Packet and a returned Transport called
the Price Frigate sailed from Billingsport for England
convoyed part of the way by the Daphne. Wind at
North North West.
31s'. Wind at N. W. blowing fresh. Weather very
fine and the roads drying. The remainder of the for-
.age vessels from Salem &c. reached the Town. The
Commission for the Cartel proceeded according to
agreement to Germantown to treat with the Rebel
Commissioners. April Ist. Wednesday. Wind at North West and
fresh. Returned the Alert Schooner by means of Sir
James Wallace.
2d. I reconnoitred with a Cavalry Party the ground
west of the River Schuylkill for a Post, advanced to
wards where the Enemy were, who fled. Weather
bleak at N. E. This evening heavy rain with smart
lightning and Thunder. Lt. Sutherland Engineer
returned after having completed the Defences of
Billingsport which the Jersey volunteers now Gar
rison. 3d. Wind N. W. and fresh. Arrived the Grey
hound Frigate from New York and Col. Shirreff. The

484 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
— Galley launched. Gen. Lee had this morning an
Interview with Sir William Howe.
4*. Weather raw but fair.
Sunday 5*. Early this morning a Detachment from
our Light Infantry crossed the Delaware and sur
prised a Picket of 50 Rebels between the Ferry House
and Haddonfield, Killed 7 and a Captain and took a
Colonel, a Major and 2 Lieutenants and 33 privates
and their arms without sustaining any loss on our side.
Wind N. W. and fresh. This morning General Charles
Lee in the Rebel service left this city on his Parole.
A rebel officer deserted to us an Irishman.
6th. Wind Westerly and rather cold, weather changes
cold after 12. The Cartel again carried on but to be
at New Town, Bucks County and Col. Stephens Col.
Ottave and Capt. Fitz Patrick all the Guard Commis
sioners. Left this City for that purpose. Began this
day on the Dams for Inundating great part of the
Front of the lines.
7*. Wind at N. West and cold. A remarkably
backward Spring, Went out the Philadelphia Provin
cial Troop of Light Horse with the Refugee volun
teers and surprised the Rebels at Smithfield and .
killed 23 besides the wounded and prisoners and with
out loss. The Patrole of the 17th Dragoons killed
12 and 1 wounded. Another patrole of Dragoons
killed three Rebel Light Horse.
8*. Wind at N. N. West and cold. The Different
Detachments Returned. Arrived the Brune Frigate at
Chester, having sprung her main-mast in the late
Gale. Arrived also the Isis Ship of war with 8 Trans
ports part of 12 separated in ye Gale.
9*. Wind fresh at South, arrived the — — Packet
with the mail from Falmouth, which brought the dis
agreeable Dispatches of recalling home to England
the Commander in Chief Sir Wm. Howe and the
other changes.

io'\

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 485
IIth. Winds S. W. Arrived 40 Sail of Transports
&c. from New York under Convoy of the Nautilus
Ship of War. A rainy day and much wanted.
Sunday 12*. Fresh Southerly winds, weather very
warm. Scro — t — m went out the Light Infantry.
13*. Winds S. S. E. and very warm Sultry weather.
Willows in leaf, Engineers met with me to consult on
strengthening our Defences. Returned the Light In
fantry and 1 Prisoner. Two new Galleys built this
winter one launched and one on the Stocks.
14*. Wind Southerly. Arrived the Swift Capt.
Kepple with Dispatches from England for Sir Wm.
Howe and Lord Howe brought by the Andromeda,
copper bottomed Frigate, Capt. Burn which after
delivering the Commander in Chiefs Dispatches to
the Swift at Sea, proceeded with the Admiral to Sandy
Hook. Rain all the evening and night.
15*. Wind at North and thick weather, small rain
and damp. Lord Cathcart's Gd. of Light Horse went
out this night, and returned with 7 rebels in arms, the
8th they killed. ' Light Infantry returned bringing a
small Detachment sent to German Town. They took
one Light horseman mounted.
1 6th. Went out this night a detachment of Horse
under the Command of Major Givin, in number 150
part of which were the Philadelphia Provincial Light
Horse. Rain all this day. Wind at N. N. West.
Sailed for New York the Greyhound Frigate with
General Jones and Major Sheriff to the vessels below
the Chevaux de frise, also sailed for New York the
Swift and Dispatch.
17th. A hard N. Wester. Some Heavy Showers
and Gusts of wind. The Cavalry 150 in number
returned after having surprised Bristol and took Pris
oners & brought them into this City, 1 Colonel, 1 Lt.
Colonel, 2 Majors, some Captains and subalterns, 3
Captains of the Rebel Galley and several privates.
Total 65 besides killing one man and wounding 2

486 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
without any loss on our side. Vessels for New Y6rk
did not sail from Billingsport until this day, went out
the Chasseurs, near 500, brought in one Rebel.
1 8th. Showery weather. One rebel Light horse
brought in that was plundering the market people.
Sunday \g^. Charming weather, wind S. West.
20*. Very hard winds at N. W. all day and rather
cold. Engineers marked out the two advanced works
in the Lines.
21s'. The Lord Hyde Packet getting aground and
not sail this day. Passengers, Colonel Mawhood,
Lt. Col. Fitzpatrick and Major Stanley. 40 Hessians
came in as Exchanged.
22d. This day arrived at Chester, a fleet of 35 sail
from New York with Forage &c, also arrived the
Eagle, Lord Howe. This morning the Hussar Galley
launched. This morning the Commander in Chief
went out in the front of the lines and approved of my
Project for its further Defence. Wind S. S. West.
The Rebels consisting of 500 men and 4 pieces of can
non advanced within 4 miles of the Town on the Lan
caster road and returned, killing and plundering the
market people. This morning sailed the Ld. Hyde
packet for Falmouth. A heavy shower this night.
23d. Blowing very hard at N. W. This morning
Lord Howe arrived at Head Quarters in this city.
Markets plentifully supplied with Shad and herring.
24*. A very violent N. Wester and near as cold as
in Winter and the ground dusty. At daybreak this
morning 5 companies Light Infantry and 20 Dragoons
crossed the Bridge at Schuylkill and surprised 2 par
ties of Rebels, one posted at Barren hill and one at
Paul's mill and took the whole excepting the Captain
who swam the Schuylkill, killed 1 and wounded 4,
one of which left, being too ill to move. The Prison
ers consisted of one Lieut, and 50 men, 3 of which
were Deserters from our Army. Begun on our ad
vanced works in Front of the lines consisting of 400

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 487
men for the working Party. Two semi-circular Re
doubts, one for ioo men to the left and one for 50 in
the right.
25*. N. W. Wind and rather cold. The Jagers and
Light Infantry went out before daylight. Markets
plentiful. Two Troops of Light Dragoons went out
this night. Remark. Obliged to send sum of Money
to the Loyalists now among the Rebels, for materials
which we are at Times so infinitely distressed for in
our Department, which they sometimes secretly supply
us with and also with materials found here at Philadel
phia, particularly lumber, Iron &c, besides what have
been concealed and brought to light by Dint of money
and without these articles the Troops must have very
materially suffered.
Sunday 26*. Wind northerly, the air cool, weather
very fine. The 2 troops of the 17th Dragoons re
turned and surprised a Post of 50 men of the Rebels
at North Wales meeting house killed 12 took 6 pris
oners, the rest fled. Brought in 2 Waggons loaded
with Camp Equipage. Lord Howe went down to the
Fleet below the Chevaux de frise this afternoon.
Burning the meadows in the Jersies.
27*. Wind Easterly, weather charming. The Ex
periment sailed. Remains at Billingsport, Eagle and
Brune. This night arrived the Resolves of Congress,
Dispising the Acts of Parliament and Lord North's
Conciliatory Speech. The Commander in Chief sent
them in the night to the Packet.
28*. Wind Easterly. At 7 this morning I embarked
iu Flat Boats with the ist Battalion and Light Infan
try and crossed the Delaware and landed in the Jer
sies at Cooper's Ferry and returned to Philadelphia
the same day, after fixing upon a Post for covering
the woodcutters. The Lord Hyde Packet only sailed
from Chester this morning.
29*. Lord Howe returned this afternoon from the
Eagle to Philadelphia. Wind N. East. This evening

488 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
5 of the leading Quakers that were made Prisoners
and Exiled by the Rebels came back to this city from
Winchester in Virginia.
30*. Wind Easterly and Rain. The Troops in
tended for taking Post in the Jersies countermanded
on account of the weather. Left this at \ past 10 this
night the Light Infantry and Rangers and some Light
Horse vizt., 12 Companies Light Infantry, Simcoe's
Rangers and 90 Horse besides those the Light Infan
try were mounted on. This night a small party of
the British Infantry, dragoons and Queen's rangers,
with a few of Capt. Hovenden's Pennsylvania and
Capt. James Chester County dragoons left this city
about 1 1 o'clock and proceeded up the Old York road
about a mile beyond the Billet they fell in with Lacy's
Brigade of Militia, consisting of about 500 men and
immediately attacked them. Lacy at first made some
appearance of opposition but in a few seconds, was
thrown into confusion, obliged to retreat with precipi
tation and was pursued about 4 miles. They left be
tween 80 and 100 dead upon the field, and this after
noon between 50 and 60 prisoners, besides waggoners
with 10 of their waggons loaded with baggage, flour,
salt, whisky &c, were brought in by the troops on
their return. What number of rebels were wounded
we have not been able to learn. Besides the above
waggons 3 were burnt after taking out the horses,
also all their huts and what baggage could not be
brought off. The royal party did not lose a single
man upon this occasion and had only seven men
wounded and two horses killed.
May Ist. Friday. Wind at N. N. West, blowing
very fresh with small rain and very bleak raw weather.
2d. Wind S. E. and overcast.
3d. At 6 this morning( Sunday)calm and fine weather.
I proceeded to the Jersies with the 55th and 63d Regt.
and 12 Philadelphia Horse and began the Defenses
on the Confluence of the Delaware and Cooper Creek
by 4 Redoubts and flanked by the Cornwallis Gallev.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 489
Our Horse pursued some Rebels took one and cut an-
others arm off.
4*. Wind Northerly, the weather very fine. The
Hessians were reviewed on the Common by the Com
mander-in-Chief.' Simcoe's Rangers took two Rebel
Light Horse.
5*. Weather extremely fine, wind at N. W. The Re
bels intercepted a Corporal and 3 men of Hovenden's
Light Dragoons, which were taken prisoners out of
the Patrol of Six. Arrived 8 sail of Vessels from New
York and some victuallers from Cork with recruits, 14
men on their march to Billingsport to join the Royal
Army were apprehended by 7 of the Militia, but whilst
they were carrying them off to the rebel head quarters,
they seized on and disarmed their guards and brought
them prisoners to Billingsport and from thence to this
city. 6th. Wind Southerly, Excessive hot. Two or three
armed vessels, Letters of Marque sailed this day for
Antigua. My brother Robert sailed in one of them
to join the 48th Regt. at Grenada. Account in a Bos
ton paper of a French Frigate " La Sensible " Ma-
rigny Captain arrived in Casco Bay with Simeon Deane
and a treaty of alliance, offensive and defensive with
France and the Americans. Finished our Works in the
Jersies. 7th. Wind at E. N. E. weather very fine but dry.
Allen's and Clifton's Regt. of Provincials (the latter
Roman Catholics) crossed over into the Jersies to
join the 55th and 63d Regts. posted opposite this
city for the protection of the wood cutters. The 3d
Provincial Regt. Chalmers, Encamped this day near
the Schuylkill between the Upper and Middle Ferry.
Arrived — Forage vessels from New York. The
Printed treaty between France and the Rebels in
America from a Rebel paper. Genl. Sir Henry
Clinton arrived this afternoon at Billingsport in the
Greyhound Frigate from New York. The Porcupine
Sloop of War arrived at Chester this Evening from

49O JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
England which she left 25th of March last. This night
2 Battalions of Light Infantry and 2 Galleys with Flat
Boats &c. proceeded up the Delaware to attack the
Remains of the Rebel Fleet. Foul wind fresh at N.
West this night. Thursday night 3 galleys, an armed
brig & Schooner went up the river with a detach
ment of Light Infantry on each side and set fire to the
Washington and Effingham Frigates, a large ship
pierced for 24 guns, a privateer sloop, 9 Ships and 14
or 15 small vessels, all of which were consumed, also a
quantity of naval stores and some thousands of tent
poles, pegs &c. The house of Mr. Borden of Borden-
town, Mr. Kirkbrights and the Ferry house were by
some means set on fire and burnt to the ground. The
troops and vessels arrived on Sunday without loss.
8th. Wind N. N. West. Sir Henry Clinton arrived
in this city. Brig. Genl. Leslie with Hovenden's
Provincial Light Dragoons crossed the Delaware to
take command at Cooper's Ferry in the Jersies. The
Dispatches by the Porcupine came to the Head
Quarters principally for Lord Howe and Sir Henry
Clinton. 9th. Wind N. West. Sir Henry Clinton visited the
lines. (Copied from a newspaper cutting in Journal).
"May 9. The following is a list of the General Offi
cers now serving in the Rebel Army, with the order
in which they rank and the province to which they
belong. George Washington Commander in Chief,
Virginia. His commission dated June 15, 1775.
Major Generals Charles Lee June 17, 1775, Philip
Schuyler, New York June 19, 1775, Israel Putnam
Connecticut, Horatio Gates, Virginia, William Heath,
Massachusetts, Joseph Spencer, Connecticut, John
Sullivan, New Hampshire, Nathaniel Greene, Rhode
Island, William Earl of Sterling New Jersey, Thomas
Mifflin, Pennsylvania, Arthur Sinclair, Pennsylvania,
Adam Stephen, Virginia, (broke) Benjamin Lincoln,
Massachusetts Bay, Benedict Arnold, Connecticut,
Marquis La Fayette, France, Robert Howe, North

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 49 1
Carolina, Alexander McDougall, New York, Baron
de Call, Germany, Thomas Conway, France. Briga
diers, Wm. Thompson, Pennsylvania, John Nixon,
Massachusetts, Samuel Parsons, Connecticut, James
Clinton, New York, Christopher Gadsden, South Car
olina, Wm. Marryohall, South Carolina, Laughlin Mc
intosh, Georgia, Wm. Maxwell, New Jersey, Mat
thew Alexis, France, De Roche Fernoy, France,
Henry Knox, artillery Massachusetts, Francis Mc-
Nash, Massachusetts, Enoch Poor, New Hampshire,
John Glover, Massachusetts, John Patterson, Massa
chusetts, Anthony Wayne, Pennsylvania, James Ver
non, Rhode Island, Peter Mulenberg, Virginia, George
Weedon, Virginia, William Woodford, Virginia, Ed
ward Hand, Pennsylvania, Ebenezar Learned, Mas
sachusetts, Ichabod Huntington, Connecticut, Count
Pulaski, Poland,  ,  , Stark, New Hampshire.
Sunday, May 10*. This morning at 5 o'clock wind
S. W. The Light Infantry 2d Battalion and Galleys
returned after having burnt the remains of the Rebel
fleet excepting the Galleys that were sunk, the rebels
lost by this Excursion 2 Frigates & upwards of 30
Sail of Topsail vessels, had 8 men killed & lost 4
pieces of Cannon & had several houses and Store
houses burnt at Borden Town filled with military
Stores, Provisions, Salt, &c. &c. This morning by
order of his Excellency Sir Wm. Howe, I laid out
several works in the front of the lines, Picketted and
Lock spitted, in order to make appearance only to the
Enemy to answer Certain purposes, and acquainted
Sir Henry Clinton therewith and also respecting the
blowing up of Mud Island, which in my opinion should
be erazed and that I had proposed the same to Sir
William Howe, who had had it in contemplation and
had directed me to acquaint Sir Henry Clinton of it.
11*. Wind at W. N. W.
12*. Wind E. S. East fine weather, Markets plen
tiful. State of our Rebel prisoners here and at New
York are just now about 4000 men.

492 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
13*. Wind at S. S. E. This morning I detached
Lieut. Haldane, Engineer, to New York in the Brune
Frigate to act with the Brigade there. The Packet
sailed this evening for Falmouth.
14*. Wind W. N. West, weather very fine. Or
ders this day for the heavy Baggage of this Army to
be in readiness to embark at the Shortest notice. The
heavy Cannon & shells, embarking on board of Ord
nance Transports. 50 Rebel Deserters made their
Escape from Wilmington to this place.
15*. Wind Westerly, weather very warm.
1 6th. Weather very hot, summer set in. At 2 this
morning the Light Infantry of Guards, a Detachment
of Light Infy of the Line & Simcoe's Rangers with a
few Dragoons in all about 400 were detached by 3 dif
ferent roads with an Intent to cover the market people,
the party near Jenkins Town were fired on by some
Rebels who were pursued by us 3 miles, we killed 2
or 3 rebels and brought in 5 Prisoners. We had 2
Dragoons horses killed and one man wounded. The
Detachment at the Jersies had a centry fired on this
day near the Bridge, about 15 shots & fled. A few
smart Showers of Rain this morning which was much
wanted, a Fleet of about thirty sail arrived from New
York under Convoy of the Thames Frigate.
Sunday 17*. Wind N. E. fine weather.
18*. Weather overcast, wind Easterly but cleared up
after noon, when an Entertainment called the " Mis-
chisanza," was given by some officers in the Army as
a compliment to Sir Wm. Howe and by way of taking
leave of him before his departure for England, consist
ing of a Regatta, Fete Champetre, Tilts and Tourna
ments, Carosal, Procession through Triumphal Arches,
Dancing, Exhibition of Fire works, musick and Feast.
19th. Weather very warm. At \ past 10 this even
ing 2 Battalion British Grenadiers of Light Infantry,
Simcoe's Rangers with the Cavalry and ist and 2nd
Brigades, hence in order to cut off Le Marquis de Fay
ette with 4000 men who had just taken Post there and

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 493
fled on the appearance of our Troops to the opposite
side of the Schuylkill by Matson's Ford after leaving
killed on the Field, one French officer and 5 more Reb
els and 12 Prisoners. Un coup manqud in not having
cut off the Marquis which 'tis thought might have
been done.
20*. Winds variable. The Remainder of the Army,
or rather the Gros marched out very early this morn
ing, until 9 to support the great Detachment of last
night leaving only the Garrison at Philadelphia, con
sisting of three Brigades and Woelwarth's Hessian
Brigade. The whole army returned to Philadelphia
this Evening.
2 Ist. Extremely hot, but attended with a light Breeze,
wind Southerly.
22d. Wind S. Arrived 2 Turtlers from the Bahama
Islands. Weather very warm.
Sunday 24*. At \ past one this afternoon his Ex
cellency Sir Wm. Howe took his Departure from this
city for England, to the great regret of this Army.
Wind Southerly, and fresh. I attended him to Bill
ingsport and returned to Philadelphia at night. Some
of the Redoubts were dismantled without my know
ledge, rather unmilitary. Our ship of war arrived in
the Delaware from their Station in the Chesapeak
Bay, being recalled.
25*. Wind Easterly & rather overcast but very hot.
At 9 o'clock this morning received a circular order
from Adjutant General's office but dated after orders,
10 at night, 24th May 1778.
" It is the Commander in Chiefs Positive Orders,
that the Baggage of the Army be Completely em
barked by one o'clock to-morrow afternoon (meaning
for this day) the Transports being ordered to fall
down the River at that hour,
G. Hutchinson Deputy adjutant General.
Heavy rains with a Gust of wind most of this night.

494 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
The Inhabitants upon this sudden order assembled
and offered 3000 men if two of our army could be kept
to defend the city, as their Goods must be plundered
by the Rebels. The order for the Transports falling
down would not be complied with.
26th. Early this morning sailed from below Billings
port for England the Andromeda Frigate — Brine Com
mander in whom went General Sir William Howe.
Wind fair. Passengers with the General, Captain
Mulcaster Engineer, and aid-de-camp, Robert Mc-
Kenzie Esq. Secretary, and — Strachey Esq. M. P. and
Secretary to the Commission for restoring Peace.
Markets fallen off very much. Provisions ordered to
be carried with the Troops by land, is 20 days and 4
on their backs.
27*. Nothing extraordinary. The number of souls
in the city of Philadelphia comprehending the Army,
seamen and the Inhabitants consist of 60.000. Captain
Smith Secretary to Sir Henry Clinton.
28*. Very hard north wester and very cold, a differ
ence of 40 degrees in the Thermometer from the warm
est weather since the summer set in. Lord Howe
returned to this city this morning from the Eagle. At
2 this morning went out the 2 Battalion of Light In
fantry 5th, 42d and 44th Regts. and 140 Dragoons to
surprize a body of Rebels supposed to be at German-
town, which got off. The 2 flank Companies of Guards
went at the same time to Frankfort Bridge. Sir Henry
Clinton went out to Germantown to meet the troops
with 20 Dragoons only. Families given in their names
to proceed with the army when they quit this city. This
day the Andromeda cleared the Capes of Delaware.
29*. Arrived in the River the Perseus Frigate from
New York, arrived also the Greyhound Frigate who
had taken a French armed Ship of 22 Guns & another
Merchant men with lading for the rebels. Transports
daily falling down. Wind N. West & the weather
cold. Ships of war did not fire this day. The num
ber of Horses belonging to our army are 7000.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 495
30*. Wind S. E. The 7th and 26th crossed the
Delaware to Cooper's Ferry in the Jersies to join the
Corps posted there under the Command of Brig. Genl.
Leslie. This night arrived the Packet from England.
Transports falling down. Weather cold.
Sunday 31s'. Wind at East & Rain this whole day.
Transports falling down below the Chevaux de frises.
Weather so cold as to make fires. The Calculation
(by the returns to the Congress) of the Continental
Debt towards supporting the Rebellion in America to
this day May 31,1778 is ^23. 970.000. ios. 7^d, sterling.
June Is' Monday. Wind at E. S. E. & rain all this
day. The Consumption of Provisions for this army is
now upon the nicest calculation 300 Tons per week.
2d. Wind at N.East. weather variable. Vessels Drop
ping down. This evening the 15th Regt. embarked
for Billingsport to join the Jersey Volunteers at that
Post. 3d. Wind N. N. E. Several Ships fell down, amongst
the rest the Cadiz Packet. At 3 this morning went
out a Corps to Chestnut Hill consisting of the Battal
ion Light Infantry, all the cavalry and the 17th 27th
& 49th Regts. in order to cover the market people and
returned taken 1 Rebel Light horse and 3 Rebels. Ar
rived the Phcenix 40 Gun Ship in the River from New
York. Redoubts dismantled of their Field train and
some Iron Garrison Tram 12 Pounders and some old
ones, sent all without my knowledge. This evening
Captain Hovenden about 8 o'clock, with a party of 24
Dragoons and Capt. Thomas with 14 foot left Philadel
phia & passed into the county of Bucks & at the full
ing mill of Mr. Jenks, surprised & took a guard of Con
tinental troops on their post there, guarding a consider
able quantity of cloth belonging to the poor people ol
the country of which they had been robbed by orders
from the rebel head quarters. This was performed
with the secrecy the principal design required, which
was to take another party, a small distance off without
firing a gun, which must have alarmed the other post,

496 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
they took prisoners the whole guard. Immediately
after they proceeded to Newton, surprised & took
the first centry without alarm. On approaching near
the quarters ot Major Murray they were fired upon by
the centry at his door. This alarmed the guard about
40 yards distance who, being 16 in number, & under
cover of the guard house, immediately took to their
arms and discharged their pieces on the troops sur
rounding them, but such was their activity & alertness,
that, after returning the fire & before the enemy could
load a 2nd time, they stormed the house, killed 5,
wounded 4 & took the rest of the guard prisoners &
with them a considerable quantity of cloth then making
up by a number of workmen for the rebel army. All
this was done with so much secrecy conduct & brav
ery, that none of either of the parties received the
least injury. About 6 o'clock the next evening they
returned, bringing with them the wounded & the fol
lowing prisoners : Francis Murray Major of their stand
ing army — Henry Marfit, Lieut, of militia — -John Cox,
Ensign of their standing army — Carnis Grace, Ensign
of ditto — -Andrew McMian, Ensign of Militia — Charles
Charlton, Quarter master of Standing army — Eriel
Welburn, Sergeant of ditto — James Moor, ditto of ditto.
24 Privates of ditto except one. Anthony Tate, a
Grand Juror.
4*. King's Birth day. Shipping fired, and Royal
Salutes from the Artillery Park. 1000 Grenadiers
went out this morning to Germantown, consisting of
ist Battalion British the rest Hessians. The Com
mander in Chief's dispatches closed this Evening, and
given to Capt. James Moncrief, Engineer. Ordered
with them to St. Augustin in the Perseus Frigate with
out it being notified to me. Wind north East.
5*. This evening an account of the Commissioners
and Lord Cornwallis being arrived in the River. Wind
Southerly. Should we suddenly leave this city there
will remain 127,000 Bushels of Salt.
6*. This morning at 1 1 o'clock arrived in this city

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 497
Lord Cornwallis and in the Evening after dark the 3
Commissioners vizt. Lord Carlisle, Mr. Eden, and
General Johnston. Wind S. E. and Rain in the night.
This morning at 2 o'clock 2 Brigades, 2 Battalions
Light Infantry, Simcoe's Rangers and some Cavalry
went to Chestnut Hill. We had 3 Light Infantry
wounded & 2 horses killed. The Rebels had 3 men
killed & 4 prisoners. Our Army now consists of 20.-
000 Effectives, 17.600 fighting men.
Sunday June 7*. Wind at S. E. The Commission
ers arrival in the night was announced by a Salute
this morning from the artillery Park. A very heavy
rain most of this day.
8th. Wind at W. The market people on their re
turn from this city stopped by the rebels & the whole
branded W. H. Some Rebel Cavalry by accident
fell in with our Centry in the night on the Jersey Side
were fired on & missed. One of the inundating dams
gave way. Waggons all this night crossing the Dela
ware from hence to the Jerseys.
9*. A Flag of Truce from the Rebels, likewise a flag
from us. At 2 this morning the 2 Regiments of Ans-
pach, Embarked and got in the tide below the Che
vaux de frizes. Wind at W. N. W. This evening
the 46th Regiment embarked for Cooper's Ferry in
New Jersey opposite this city to join the Troops at
that Post.
10*. Wind at S. W. This morning at \ past 5 a
Corps was sent towards Chestnut Hill under the Com
mand of Brig. Genl. Matthew consisting of 2 Battalion
Light Infantry, the Brigade of Guards and their Light
Infantry and Grenadiers and the 4th Regiment accom
panied with Sir Henry Clinton, Lord Cornwallis, and
Lord Carlisle. Mr. Ferguson, the Philosopher and
Secretary to the Commissioners went with a Flag of
Truce across the Schuylkill but was stopped at the
Rebels advanced Post by Morgan, who commands
the Rifle men, just 6 miles to the Rebel Camp at Val
ley Forge. A Gust this evening and the wind round
3*

498 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
to the N. West. The Perseus Frigate sail for St.
Augustine. 1 1*. Wind at S. W. The hottest day felt this year.
The Lizard Frigate arrived from New York. ^
12*. Waggons crossing over to the Jersies from
hence all night and also the Park of artillery. No
waggons now left behind. Two deserters from the
Rebel Camp.
13th. Wind at N. N. East, weather delightful. Ar
rived the Cork Fleet of Victuallers with 500 Recruits.
This morning the Patrol of Provincial Cavalry were
attacked near the Post in the Jersies, we had 1 killed
and 1 wounded. The Rebels left 2 killed. All the
Intrenching Tools to be carried with the Army were
sent by me to Cooper's Ferry in New Jersey. Re
mark. This army rather discontented since the De
parture of Genl. Sir Wm. Howe and the new measures
received from the Ministry.
Sunday June 14*. Weather cool & pleasant Wind
at N. E. Seventy of our Prisoners exchanged and
arrived this day through the lines and an Exchange
of Rebel prisoners for them, sent from the Jails. Army
horses sent across the Delaware to the Jersies. The
several ships on the Stocks set fire to this day, by
which as the weather was dry and came round to the
Eastwards, set fire to the Houses about but was quickly
extinguished by the Troops.
15*. Wind at N. N. E. All officers horses ordered
over to the Jersies. An Express arrived from Rhode
Island to Head Quarters with an account of an alert
from thence of 500 men under the Command of Lt.
Col. John Campbell, 2 2d Regt. to Bristol and Warren
which they burnt together with 130 Flat boats, 1
Galley & one Frigate, blew up two magazines, de
stroyed 40 Cannon, killed several and brought off 3
Colonels, 2 Captains and 70 men. Our loss 1 officer
and 7 wounded, 2 Drummers missing. A Brigade of
Hessians embarked in flat Boats and crossed the Del
aware into the Jersies as did the 33d in the night.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 499
Arrived dispatches from New York by water in three
days. 16*. Wind S. W. weather very hot, tho' accom
panied with a Breeze. The 2 Regts. of Dragoons
1 6th and 17th crossed over from hence into the Jer
sies leaving 2 troops of each. The 3 Commissioners
left this for the Trident Sloop of War. This city very
offensive, owing to the numbers, negligence and heat
and the plane it stands on. All the redoubts that
form the Line of Defence of this City dismantled of
their Field pieces, &c, before daybreak, but without
my knowledge. Lt. Genl. Kniphuysen and the Hes
sians and Hessian Grenadiers and Major Genl. Grant
crossed into the Jersies. The Hessian Grenadiers by
mistake, as they were to form part of the Rear
t Guard. 17*. Lt. Genl. Kniphuysen took post at Haddon-
field. Rebel Deserters came in to us. Sent my pub
lic papers by Monckton. This afternoon all the
Troops were at their alarm Posts and defences at 6
o'clock with orders not to look upon the city any longer
as their cantonment.
18* June, 1778, Evacuation of Philadelphia.
18*. This morning early the Kings Troops evacu
ated the city of Philadelphia and the several Redoubts
and works that form its Defences and retired by land
to Gloucester point 4 miles below it on the Pennsyl
vania Shore and there embarked in Flat Bottomed
Boats and crossed the River Delaware into New Jer
sey at Gloucester, after which the armed vessels and
Flat Boats proceeded down the River to Billingsport
with a northerly wind and very fine weather, & at
Eleven o'clock this morning the Fleet then weighed.
Not being able to proceed with the army across the
Jerseys on account of a Rupture, I proceeded down
the Delaware in the Cadiz Packet and there em
barked.

500 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
19*. Wind E. weighed at 7 this morning and an
chored at 1 P. M. Rain from this P. M. all night.
The 15th Regt. were posted at Billingsport and hav
ing sent 150 men to forage too far, they were inter
cepted by a considerable body of the Rebels with 2
Field pieces and got to Red Bank and were taken off,
horses & all by the Vigilant's Boats she having for
tunately got around near that place.
20*. Wind at S. E. &c, a rainy day without Inter
mission. Sunday June 21s'. Wind S. W. The Eagle Lord
Howe and the Trident with the Commissioners fell
down from New Castle and joined the Fleet below
Reedy Island. Still at anchor. Intensely hot.
2 2d. Wind at N. E. At 7 this morning the whole
fleet weighed and sailed but at 10 A. M. they came to.
an anchor Excepting the small craft, with the Division
under Convoy of the Richmond. Went on and some
time after a 2nd division with the Daphne Frigate.
Wind at night veered to the N. E. Rained most of
this day and all this night at anchor. Muddy bottom.
A Flag of truce from the Pennsylvania Shore just to
say that 500 Hessians were arrived at Philadelphia
to be Exchanged and mentioned that our army with
Sir Henry Clinton were at Mount Holly.
23d. Wind at S. E. All the Fleet remained at an
chor. The men of war boats set fire to a discarded
Rebel vessel stranded on the West Shore. Two or
three Boats came off that shore with stock. This
river rather unhealthy for the Fleet, several having
fallen sick and many thrown overboard. The Har
riet Packet sailed for Falmouth, convoyed by the Por
cupine Sloop of War, who is likewise to proceed to
England with duplicates.
24*. In General calm, what little wind Southerly. An
almost total Eclipse of the Sun from 8 until \ past 10
this morning, somewhat after 9, the most obscure.
The Maidstone towed down the Fleet. The Daphne's
Fleet off of Bombay Hook and just discernable at 10

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 5OI
o'clock P. M., fell down with the tide but scarce any
wind. The main fleet still remaining at anchor. This
afternoon and evening excessive hot, at 3 weighed
and in one hour anchored in 3 Fathoms of water,
wind died away, anchors all buried in the mud. Heavy
guns heard up the River.
25*. Three country Boats came off of the West shore
with Stock. At noon our Fleet weighed, consisting
of 120 sail under the Convoy of the Phoenix 40 gun
Ship and came to an anchor off of Bombay Hook at
3 P. M. in 7 Fathoms water, for want of wind. The
Eagle and Trident follow the Fleet but a small dis
tance and came to. Some few artificers on board my
ship sickly, threw one overboard this evening a Black
smith. Signal Smokes made on the parts of the Jer
sey Shore, water muddy.
26th. Wind up the river from the Sea, notwith
standing the weather, intensely hot. Artificers sickly
on board, sent a carpenter to one of the Hospital
Ships. Heavy guns heard below the River. Re
mained at anchor all this Day and night very sharp
lightning. Thunder and rain this night.
27*. At 5 this morning a light wind at N. West.
Our fleet weighed and sailed but anchored again in |
an hour after gaining about 3 miles. In the evening
the Eagle, Lord Howe, the Trident with the Com
missioners, the Isis, Lizard and other Ships fell down
the River and joined our Fleet. This is by far the
hottest day this summer.
28*. Wind at N. W. At \ past 5 this morning all
the Fleet sailed leaving none behind, and came too
off Lewis Town near Whorekill Road, excepting the
Eagle Lord Howe and the Trident with the Commis
sioners which pursued their voyage to New York and
were out of sight by the evening. By the Rebels
prints 600 Rebels are acknowledged to have fallen in
the action of Freehold Court house. Remark. 350
Germans deserted from us during the march.
29*. At Break of day this morning the whole Fleet,

502 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
excepting the Roebuck (which was left on her station
in the Delaware) sailed, the wind S. S. E. and as
soon as we cleared the Cape May and Henlopen, the
wind veered to the S. West, a fine breeze of 5 or 6
knots which the Fleet continued all this day and night.
30*. Wind still continued fair at S. W. & ran nearly
our Distance by 6 this morning, being from Cape
May to Sandy Hook 40 leagues. Made the High
lands of Neversink about 10 & Steered for the Hook,
met the Scorpion cruizing. Found my old observa
tion hold good of discovering the land as soon as in
15 Fathoms water. The whole Fleet came to an
anchor abreast of the Hook (on acct. of the wind
failing & the Tide of Ebb at 3 o'clock P. M. &just
before day weighed again & soon after come too within
the Hook, found the Eagle & Trident at anchor &
Amazon frigate as a Guard Ship & a packet Extra
which arrived the day before with accounts of a French
Fleet having sailed & chased him, of 1 1 Sail of the
Line & a Frigate & that Admiral Byron with 1 1 Sail
of the line and 2 Frigates were sailed from England
after them.
July Is' 1778. Wednesday. My return to New
York. I arrived at New York. Wind Southerly —
the weather intensely hot. Thermometer 94 degrees.
Found at Anchor the Ardent Admiral Gambier, the
S Albans, Experiment and several Frigates &c and
Preston Commodore Hotham. Just learnt of the Battle
of Monmouth Court House in Jersey and that my
very valuable Friend and ever to be lamented Harry
Monckton fell in the action and what adds to the misfor
tune no Tidings of my papers both private and public.
2nd. The heat so extraordinary this morning, that 5
or 6 people fell dead but principally by drinking of
water. At 4 P M, a Gust sprung up, with high wind,
heavy rains, heavy thunder and sharp lightning which
struck a vessel and some persons and knocked down
a Chimney in the City besides oversetting some
Boats and all the people perished.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 503
3rd. Wounded officers and men brought to New
York from the Jersies — Large Detachments from the
Rebels sent Northerly to the English neighbourhood
under Gates.
4*. At 4 o'clock this morning, the Greyhound Fri
gate Captain Dickson sailed hence from Sandy Hook
for England with dispatches and the answer to the
Commissioners from the Rebel Congress. This day
the Heavy Ships except the Ardent sailed towards
the Hook from hence. A violent storm in the ocean
which damaged Admiral Byron's Fleet as we since
learnt. Sunday July 5*. Wind — northerly — weather charm
ing. Some Ships of war fell down to the Hook. At
6 o'clock this afternoon Sir Henry Clinton arrived in
this City and was saluted by the Guns from the Forts
he left the Army at the Neversinks in New Jersey.
6th. Wind S. W — The Troops all embarked on
board the Transports from the Jersies by the way of
Neversinks and so to the Point of the Hook, having
formed a Bridge across a Gut formed by the sea
this spring across this Tongue or Spit of Sand.
Disposition viz' — 3 Brigades to Long Island : 2 Bri
gades and the Provincials to Staaten Island and the
Guards, Grenadiers, Light Infantry, Hessians Cavalry
and Park of Artillery to New York Island.
7* July, 1778. Excessive heat. Accounts of a
French Fleet having been seen off the Capes of Vir
ginia. Supposed to be for Delaware to shut up this
Fleet and Army. This day Washington left Bruns
wick with the Rebel army proceeding towards the
Hudson River.
8th. Wind South West. Excessive heat. Ther
mometer Farh' 940. The large ships of war fell down
from the watering place to the Hook. This night
perhaps the hottest ever felt here. The Roebuck
man of war got into the Hook from Delaware after
escaping from the French Fleet.
9th. Wind Southerly and Excessive hot. This night

504 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
the rear of the Rebel Army under Washington passed
through Elizabeth Town and the Head Quarters to
be at Aquakenok. Sailed for Rhode Island the 38th,
the 2 Battalions and Fanning's Regiment of Provincials.
10*. Wind Southerly and intensely hot. At 10 this
morning I attended Sir Henry Clinton and the Gen
eral Officers to the Narrows both on Staaten and Long
Islands and gave my Project for the defending that
Pass, for preventing an Enemy's Fleet passing to New
York. Returned at night.
11*. Wind South west. At £ past 4 this afternoon
came on a violent gust with rain, lightning and Thun
der which cooled the air a little, the Day being so ex
cessive hot that it was difficult to exist, people fell in the
streets dead. This Evening an account of the French
Fleet coming to an anchor off of Sandy Hook, con
sisting of 1 1 Sail of the Line and 3 Frigates,* they
took 12 out of 13 of our Fishing Boats. The Tender
of the Thunder Bomb drove into the French Fleet by
the Gust and was taken loaded. Represented to Sir
Henry Clinton at 1 1 this morning that every thing- was
ready to begin the work at the Narrows. The 1 5* &
44* were detached to the Hook to act with the Navy.
Colonel Montgomery interred.
Sunday 12*. At 4 o'clock this morning Sir Henry
Clinton went from New York down to Lord Howe at
Sandy Hook — Wind at N. West. Weather pleasant
since the Gust. Between 5 & 6 pm the French fleet
hoisted French Colours for the first time since their

* List of the Toulon fleet off Sandy Hook under the Command of Count
D' Estaing .

guns men
Le Languedoc, D'Estaing 94 1160
LeTonnant, Bougainville 80 1100
Le Cesar, Le Brave  74 900
Le Hector, Moliere  74 900
Le Guerrier  74 900
Le Protecteur  74 900
Le Marseilleis  74 900
Le Zele  74 900
Le Vaillant, DuLubin ... 64 700

La Provence  64
Le Fantasque  64
Le Sagittaire  54
L'Engageant  26
Le Chimere  26
Le Clement  26
Three Ships (names unknown)
Sent by Compte D'Estaing to the
river Delaware.

men70O7005O0 3OO 300
30O

Scundy IlooJc, computed evt nooo feet io a7if7ic?i>
the ZZf or.Juty*/778.

Om Pabe 505

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Frigate

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, ' / 1, . SirombtllB
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I Pearl
'~*i.
'«»*
.plJlpcllo ' SuPply
temporary Worta lately conftrucUd thereon;
Jhewing alfo tbe Pofitwn of tbe Britifb if
French FlteU under the Command- qf the.
!{¦ Hon- Lord Vifunmt Henre, 8fMonf?
le Comte D'E/tainy ZZd July IJJS.
Frigate
d1
\i^
'ft?',* vi ¦
f«
JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 505
appearance. Head Quarters at Denny's at the Nar
rows on Long Island. French Fleet sounding the
Passage towards the Hook.
13* July 1778. Wind at North East. I detached
3 Engineers to Sandy Hook to construct 2 Batteries
for three 18 pounders and two Howitzers, with Tools
and materials, 400 men consisting of Grenadiers &
Light Infantry, put on board the men of war at Sandy
Hook. Provisions just now for this Army, consist of
sufficient only for nine weeks.
14*. Wind North East. Weather pleasant and not
so hot. The Packet not gone, her course to be by
the Sound between Long Island and the Continent on
account of the French Fleet. The 57* proceeded from
New York Island to Paulus Hook. The Regiment of
New York volunteers from Paulus Hook to Brooklyn
and the 35* from Brooklyn to replace the 57*. Three
armed vessels ordered to Enfilade the causeway at
Paulus Hook, an attack being expected. I detached
3 Established Engineers to strengthen the Paulus
Hook by cutting a fosse across the neck.
15*. Arrived 800 Hessians at Staaten Island Ex
changed. Wind S. W. Markets here raised at an
enormous rate.
16*. Wind Easterly, Excessive hot. Arrived on
York Island from Staaten the first Brigade. I de
tached an Assistant Engineer to King's Bridge.
French fleet took 2 more vessels in our sight. Sir
Henry Clinton changed his Head Quarters from the
Narrows to New York.
17*. Wind East and something cooler. Two regi
ments of first Brigade, marched to Laurel Hill and 2
to Morris' Heights and the 2 Battalions 71s' to King's
Bridge and some battering cannon. The Leviathen
formerly the Captain a ship of the line fitting up here
as such. The 2d & 5* Brigades to hold themselves in
readiness at one minutes warning.
18*. Wind South East. Weather pleasant but dry.
Received a letter this night from the Commanding

506 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
officer at Sandy Hook wanting Engineer's Tools and
materials. Sir Henry Clinton went early this morning
towards the Hook. The Channel Fleet have now taken
Eleven sail of our vessels besides the Fishing Craft.
Sunday — 19*. Wind South East— weather pleas
ant. At one P. M. a gentle Rain much wanted. At
5 pm. the tide made. Sent to Sandy Hook 2 En
gineers and Sir Henry Clinton returned to New York
at 2 this morning. Twelve deserters came in, princi
pally from the Northern army having enlisted for that
purpose. 20* July 1778. Wind North. Seven deserters and a
Dragoon in from the Rebels at Elizabeth Town where
they left 4 Brigades with Maxwell and Morgan. This
night one Captain, two sub-alterns and 23 Rebels sur
prized and taken from Delancey's Mills West Chester.
21s'. Wind Northerly in the morning and South
East all the afternoon. The Dispatch Sloop of War
passed through the Sound by the City and to the
Hook. Sailed for the Hook from this place the Levi
athen of 70 Guns fitted up at the King's yard. Ar
rived accounts of our success at Wyoming.
22nd. Wind at East and chilly. Sir Henry Clinton
went from York to Staaten Island. 150 Prisoners Ex
changed & arrived here from Connecticut. Weather
rather cold. The French Fleet weighed and sailed
out of sight of land steering Eastwards the swell so
great left most of his anchors behind.
23rd. Wind North East — weather cool. 150 more
of our people exchanged and arrived by way of Con
necticut. Arrived thr° the Sound 15 Transports from
Rhode Island that lately took the Reinforcements
there. Their approach creating an alarm, a Battery
was erected at Horen's Hook near Hell Gate. Sent
an Engineer likewise to Staaten Island to make a
redoubt near the Flag Staff.
24*. Wind Northerly in morning and Southerly in
afternoon. French Fleet seen off the Capes of Dela
ware this evening by our cruizers.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 507
25*. Wind North East all the morning and South
erly all the afternoon, but very fine. Arrived in this
city Lord Howe from the Fleet at Sandy Hook and
returned this night. Arrived the Dispatch, nothing
transpired. Return of the Sick in the General Hospi
tal consists of Eight hundred and Fifty Men.
26* July — Sunday. Wind at S. E. The weather
delightful. Arrived the Renown 50 gun ship from
Jamaica. The French Fleet made signals in the night,
they were answered similarly and so escaped. The
mail made up for the Packet for England.
27*. Wind South — somewhat Easterly and rain this
night. Wind rather high. Two private victuallers
got in from Cork. Account of the Tories and Indians
with some regulars from Detroit taking the Rebel Fort
at Wyoming and Killing 374 out of 400 Inhabitants.
28* July— 1778. Wind S. E. and fresh with smart
showers of Rain. Come to an anchor within the
Hook — the Raisonable — 64 Gun Ship from Halifax.
About 100 Rebel Light Horse drove off Cattle from
Bergen Neck. Captain Mercer of the Engineers told
me this morning that Sir Henry Clinton had no objec
tion to my going to England.
29*. Wind East. Commander in Chief went from
New York to Sandy Hook, at 4 this morning and re
turned this night.
30*. Southerly winds and heat. Arrived the Corn
wall, 74 Guns which parted with Admiral Byron's
Squadron 50 leagues from this Coast — also arrived the
Centurion 50 Guns from Halifax. A Legion now rais
ing of 700 men under the Command of Lord Cathcart.
31s'. Wind S. East. Heavy Rain early in the morn
ing but the Day excessive hot. The 23rd Regiment
ordered on board the Ships of War. This night in
tensely hot and close. The Rebels have detached
4500 men from their Grand Army at and about the
White Plains to proceed to the Eastward. This night
I received my verbal leave by Lord Cathcart from Sir
Henry Clinton Commander in Chief for to proceed to

508 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
England, as soon as I pleased. The Flank Corps of
the Army ordered to be Re-Embodied.
August is', Saturday. Wind South West — weather
extremely hot though attended with a Breeze. Sir
Henry Clinton went this Evening to Jamaica on Long
Island to fix Head Quarters for some Days. This
night Horribly Hot. The packet sailed from the Hook.
August 2d Sunday. Wind S. E. The heat exces
sive, as if through a Focus. The French Fleet seen
at an anchor off the East end of Long Island. Late
this night the packet from England. The highest of
Thermometer this summer 95 degrees.
3rd. Wind at S. W. At \ past one this morning
a Fire broke out in this city, at a ship chandlers on
the Dock near the old Slip Market which consumed
64 Houses, three topsail vessels and several Store
Houses with stores the whole loss supposed to be
250,000^. The weather excessive hot, notwithstanding
the Gust this morning and this afternoon with very
heavy rain. The 5* Brigade crossed from Hallet's Cove
to this Island.
4* August, 1778. Wind South and hot and close.
At one o'clock pm a gust of rain and small wind with
Thunder and lightning which struck an Ordnance ves
sel loaded with Powder which blew her up.
5*. Wind S. S. E. Weather pleasant. Heavy dew
this night which has been hitherto uncommon for this
season. The lightning struck 13 vessels in the har
bour. 6th. Wind northerly — morning pleasant, but the day
hot. Arrived this evening an Express from Major
General Pigot from Rhode Island to Sir Henry Clin
ton dated the 3d and that he was invested by the
French Fleet and 30,000 Rebels and expected the
Rebels would open their Batteries against him, on this
day. Lord Howe with the Royal Fleet consisting of
31 sail, weighed again and proceeded with a fair wind
to attack the French Fleet at Rhode Island.
_ 8*. Hotter if possible than ever — wind at S. S. E.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 509
This morning went out from hence across to New Jer
sey by the way of Paulus Hook, a Flag of Truce with
a letter to the President of the Rebel Congress from
the Commissioners. This morning arrived the Rebel
Commissary General of Prisoners. A smart shower
of rain with Lightning and Thunder.
9* Sunday. Weather excessive hot — wind at S.
West — very heavy rain in Showers with smart Light
ning and very heavy thunder. Severe claps with the
Lightning which struck nine men of Lord Cath-
cart's Legion in one Room, two of which despaired of.
Most of the afternoon continued heavy claps and very
sharp lightning with much rain. Never known such
weather, by the oldest inhabitant.
10*. Wind northerly. Less heat. Town rather un
healthy. Eleven burials to one Church and of in
habitants chiefly but most of them Children. Wind
N. E. in afternoon. The Troops evacuated the Post
at Sandy Hook and proceeded to Long Island all but
3 Companies of Jersey Volunteers.
11*. Wind very fresh at N. E, cool, chilly and
overcast. Arrived Express the "Zebra" from Lord
Howe's Fleet. This evening blowing hard. An Ex
press from S Augustin signifying that the Rebels are
repulsed there & that they have given over all
thoughts of attacking that place. A Flag of Truce
from the Rebels came in. Smith the Counsellor and
Mr. Cadwallader Colden sent in for not taking the oath.
12* August, 1778. A mere tempest most all day, at
N E and rain which abated towards night. Rather cold
than cool this evening. Sold my Sloop and Schooner
to Captain Mercer and Mess" Guden and Crowder.
13*. From Midnight a violent Gale at N. N. E with
heavy rain, weather cold for the season and very
uncomfortably so. Arrived the Sphynx with Bomb
Catches and a Galley from Lord Howe's Fleet.
14*. Wind E. S. E. weather moderate, the wind still
blowing but not near so high— very little Dew this
season.

510 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
15*. Wind N. East and rain and Foggy — heavy
rain all night. Wind fresh. Date of Lieu' Samuel
Auchmuty's Commission which I purchased for him
and paid to Lieu' Hamilton 45* this day.
Sunday 16*. Wind at N E and moderated. Very
foggy heavy rain in the morning and misty the remain
der of the day. The Commander in Chief left New
York at 7 this morning for Long Island and the Ar
tillery of the Grenadiers and Light Infantry followed
him. Our army at New York and its Dependencies
and that at Rhode Island consist of Twenty five
Thousand Men.
17*. Wind at S. East, foggy — great heat— close
and frequent showers. Came in 3 Light Horse deserted
from the Rebels. The Battalion American Loyalists
embarked on board of Transports from Flushing.
This evening arrived July packet from Falmouth.
The " Experiment " with Two Frigates sailed for Rhode
Island. 18*. Wind S. E, Excessive hot, little air and fre
quent small showers. Frigates now in the Sound or
off Flushing — Carysfort — Camilla — & Zebra.
19*. Wind S. by E — very hot, thunder and light
ning and rain. Isis 50 Gun ship, that beat the French
Rear Admiral, came up to Town to Refit. Accounts
from Rhode Island that 4000 men with Fayette &
13.000 with Sullivan had landed at the East end with
50 Cavalry.
20th. Wind S. E and excessive hot — Rain and some
Thunder and a great deal of heat Lightning. The
Regiment of New York Loyalists embarked on board
the Frigates at Flushing, ordered to disembark and
take up their old Ground.
21s'. Wind S. S. E. An almost expiring heat.
The 23d Light Infantry that were on board the Isis,
are ordered on board the " Monmouth." The weather
for some time past has consisted of heat and rain.
Wind in afternoon South South West.
22nd August— 1778. Wind N. E. A strange tran-

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 511
sition from the heat of yesterday, to its being rather
cool to day. The Hospitals rather encrease which
is not very uncommon at this season. The general
calculation made of the sick in our Military Hospitals
is that seven men die out of every hundred. This
day arrived the "Experiment" 50 gun Ship, through
the Sound chased from Sea by some of the French
Fleet. In consequence Sir Henry Clinton went from
hence to Lord Howe at Sandy Hook at 11, this night.
23rd. Wind S. E. and cool — Commander in Chief re
tired from the Hook. Deserters daily Come in. Two
fire ships went from New York to Sandy Hook.
24*. Wind S. S. West — The Royal Fleet under
Lord Howe sailed from the Hook. Skirmish this
morning between Emmerick's Chasseurs and some
Indians and Rebels dressed like them near King's
bridge — 9 were killed and 2 taken — we had 2 men
wounded. Two sloops as Flags of Truce loaded
with Inhabitants from the country that have refused
the Test Oath. Weather intensely hot. Lieu' Hart
46* Assistant Engineer joined his Reg' by order of
Major Gen1 Vaughan. The 15* and 46th Reg's marched
to Utrecht from Bedford in order to embark. Several
deserters from the Rebels.
25*. Came in 3 deserters. The 15* and 46'h Coun
termanded and returned to their Ground. Wind
Southerly and excessive hot. Thermometer in the
night 88°. — Some Rebel Light Horse came to Phillips
house near King's bridge — 3 were shot by the Ya
gers. An Express arrived from Rhode Island — letters
dated 22d — This evening arrived the fleet of Victual
lers from Corke in most Excellent time, as this army
had but 5 weeks provisions left, and this Fleet had
been at Reedy Island in Delaware river, in a mistake
not having been informed of our evacuating Philadel
phia though they left Corke so late as the 31" March.
26*. Wind South South West— weather amazingly
hot. Thermometer in the night 88 degrees. The
Troops for the intended Expedition marched from

512 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
Bedford to Flushing. The heat was such that 9 fell
dead in this march and 63 left behind with sickness,
they consist of near 4000 men including Is' Battalion
Grenadiers and Is' Batt" Light Infantry. Thermome
ter at mid-day 94 degrees.
27* August 1778. Wind at North west — and some
what cooler in the morning but intensely hot in the
day. Several deserters from the Rebels. The Troops
sailed from Flushing after 5 this morning. The Troops
more sickly than usual, the same of the Inhabitants, 'tis
thought by the faculty to be owing to the bad flour.
28*. Wind N. East weather much cooler. This
Day arrived two private Victuallers from Glasgow
after 13 weeks passage, much wanted. Arrived six 74
Gun Ships being part of Admiral Byron's squadron.
29*. Wind at E. N. E. Overcast all day. After
noon rain. Blew fresh all most of the night.
Sunday 30*. Wind at South by East — weather ex
cessive hot in the Sun. Wind South by noon and
fresh at S. West all the afternoon. Arrived- the
" Nautilus " man of War with Dispatches from Rhode
Island. All well there. The 28* in the evening the
Enemy still beseiging it. This evening the whole of the
Rebels raised the seige and evacuated Rhode Island.
31s'. Wind at N. N. W — and rather cold and chilly
— a sudden transition. This day the Rebels sent a
detachment to attack the Yagers' outpost in the Front
of Spiten Devil near King's Bridge, which was obliged
to be re-inforced by the rest of the Yagers. This
day at two o'clock Sir Henry Clinton arrived with
near Four Thousand Troops at Rhode Island.
September Is' 1778. * * * * Some Prisoners
and one Indian brought into town, taken at the affair
yesterday at Valentine's Hill.
3rd. Sir Henry Clinton landing his troops on Rhode
Island and the Rebels had evacuated it, Saturday and
Sunday. 7*. At 10 this morning, Sir Henry Clinton arrived
in this city from Rhode Island in the "Galatea" to

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 513
Huntington and from thence by land, on the rebels
raising the seige and about to evacuate that Island a
detachment was sent after them under the Commands
of Brig' General Losberg and Smith with the 22nd and
43rd Regiments — Regiment of Hind's — and Fanning's
and Brown's Provincial Corps who pursued the Reb
els several miles but night coming on the Rebels em
barked and our Troops returned. Our loss killed &
wounded 265 men — Rebel loss since their landing to
their flight 1003 men.
September 12* 1778. This day Lord Howe resigned
his command to Admiral Gambier, whose commission
was filled the Eleventh of September.
16*. This morning the Rebel Army with Washing
ton retired from the White Plains — 3 Brigades of
which went to New England — part crossed the North
river to Morristown and some to Fish-Kill where
Washington went.
19*. Eight of the rebel Light Horse were patroling
about Tuckahoe near the Bronx and were surprised
by some of Emmerick's corps, they took 7 and mor
tally wounded the Eighth. This day arrived Major
General Grey from his Expedition — the last to Mar
tha's Vinyard where he took 10.000 sheep, 300 head
of Cattle, besides Hogs and 400 stand of arms and
1000 pounds in Paper, Congress Tax — 6000 of the
Sheep were sent to Rhode Island which the Garrison
were much in want of.
28*. A rebel Regiment of Lighthorse^ surprized
and cut to pieces near Tappen by the 2nd Light Infan
try — this choice and pattern Regiment was com
manded by Colonel Baylor and called Lady Washing
ton's Regiment and Washington's Guards and third
Virginia Regiment of Horse.
October 6*. I continued very ill and a Fistula com
ing on peu a peu.
7*. My wounds breaking out and the old Ball
lodged in me, ready to start: besides a dreadful
Hydrocele, in short my existence rather doubtful,
33

514 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
should my complaints encrease for want of proper
assistance. 8th. My restless ball rather quieter, but the Hydro
cele distressing me beyond description.
October 19*. The Fleet for England one hundred
and Twenty two sail weighed and at \ past Eight, put
to sea. ********
November 20* 1778. At a quarter before 12 this
night cast anchor in the Cove of Cork in 32 days from
Sandy Hook.
25*. Left Cork (by Land) for Dublin and arrived
at Kilworth.
26*. Reached Cashel.
27*. Castle Durrow.
28*. Kildare.
29*. Dublin.
December 7*. Left Dublin this afternoon and got to
the Pigeon House and laid or rather remained at that
distressed place all night without one single conve
niency and with my Family and servants and some
Baggage. No Glass to the Windows — it blowing a
Tempest and the sea breaking over it.
8th. Embarked in the Packet Lord Dartmouth Cap
tain Hartwell & were very near losing our lives in
getting on board owing to the Tempest which then
blew and remained the whole day and night on board. ,
9*. At 3 o'clock this morning sailed from off the
Pigeon House in Dublin Harbour and at 3 in the after
noon most happily arrived safe (and immediately
landed) at Holy Head on the Island of Anglesey in
Wales. 10*. Reached Bangor.
11*. S Asaph.
12*. Chester.
13*. Turnhill in Shropshire.
14*. Birmingham.
15*. Remained at Birmingham this day to see the
various manufactories.
16*. Chapel House in Oxfordshire.

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 515
17*. Oxford and went thr° all the Universities.
18*. Put up at Bennett's Town.
19*. Saturday. This evening at 5 o'clock arrived at
our Lodgings the Corner of S' James Street and Pall
Mall. 20*. Sunday— Rested.
21s'. Attended the King's Levee and kissed hands.
Attended also the Levee of the Commander in Chief
of the Forces Lord Amherst.
24*. Attended at the Drawing room and had the
honor of kissing the Queen's Hand, as had Mrs.
Montresor who was presented by Lady Stormont.
John Montresor, Chief Engr.

^Another account of the Battle of Brandywine, taken
from Captain John Montrtsor s Note-Book,~\
"Field of Battle upon Brandywine 12th September,
1777. Memorandum. Our Army under the com
mand of General Sir William Howe lafided at Elk
Ferry, within 7 miles of the head of Chesapeake Bay
on the 25 August, 1777, and one division marched on
to the Head of Elk the 28th August & another divi
sion on the 30th and 31st August crossed the Elk to
Cecil Court House in the East side and joined the
ist division on the 3d of September, 4 miles from the
head of Elk by the lower road to Christian Bridge leav
ing 2 Brigades with Major Genl. Grant at Elkton to
secure the landing of our Provisions and to destroy
the Rebel Magazines and vessels. On the 3d Sep
tember our Light Troops had a smart action with
about 1 200 of their picked men of 120 from their 10 Bri
gades detached to harass us on the march. They
had near them 1000 militia and the Philadelphia Light
Horse which soon disappeared, the whole under the
Command of General Maxwell which were entirely
defeated, leaving dead 2 Captains, one of Artillery
and several men ; their loss they acknowledge to be
very considerable, whereas we lost only 3 men and 17

516 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
wounded. Nothing material happened until the 6th
when Major General Grant joined us with a supply of
Provisions. The 8th September, all the Army marched
to Newark and encamped that night on the road
which leads from Newport to Lancaster just 4 miles
from Newport and where the Quarters of the Rebel
army was posted and in the night the Enemy made a
move across Chads Ford on the Brandywine & took
post upon the heights with great judgment. About
sunset on the 9th our Army marched in 2 Divisions,
.the first under Lt. Genl. Kniphuysen rather earlier by
ftie way of New Garden to Kennet Square and the other
Division with Lord Cornwallis through a bye Road to
Hokesson Meeting House in Mill Creek Hundred and
New Castle County and on the ioth the whole joined
at Rennet's Square. On the nth September at day
break, accompanied with a very favourable fog, all
the he*a.vy artillery and baggage went with the column
under Lt. General Kniphuysen along a straight road
to Chads-Ford, Lord Cornwallis leading the other
columns a forced march of 17 miles in order to turn the
Enemy's right, which was wisely and happily effected
at \ past 2 in the afternoon, most unexpectedly to the
rebels, who were instantly obliged to divide their army
(leaving part to oppose our right column) and took a
most advantageous position on the heights in the rear
of Birmingham meeting house, with the village of Dil-
worth on their Right and notwithstanding the long fa
tiguing sultry and dusty days march and strong post of
the Enemy had taken the ardour of our most Excellent
Troops was such that at \ past 3 (only having halted
and refreshed one hour) we marched forward in 3 col
umns into a valley and gradually as it were rose, a
regular Glacis to the Enemy, during which we had
some skirmishing and fire from the rebels until we
had surmounted the summit, when our army cooly re
ceived the Enemy's fire and instantly charged them
when the whole was put to the Route and in the end
compleatly defeated and nothing but night prevented
the victory being compleat, as under that cover they

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.

517

principally made their Escape. As soon as our right
column heard us engaged they crossed Chads ford
forced the Enemies breastworks and strongholds and
put them to the flight and we encamped on the field
of Battle, the left of the right column making a junc
tion with the right of our left column, with the 40th
Regt. and Guards. The Enemy's loss is about 1000
killed and wounded and _ about 500 prisoners, to
gether with 9 Branfield pieces, one more of a composi
tion and one Brass Howitzer with several ammunition
waggons, their numbers from their field returns under
General Washington with 4 Major-Generals, Green,
Sullivan, Stephen, and Lord Sterling, were 12.900 men
being 43 Battalions of 300 men.
" Our left column with the Commander in Chief,
which was principally Engaged consisted of 7000
men, composed of the Chasseurs, two Battalions
Light Infantry, 2 Battalions of Grenadiers, the Hes
sian Grenadiers, two Squadrons of 16th Dragoons,
the Guards, and 3d and 4th Brigades, the 3d Brigade
not in action being our reserve. The Loss we have
sustained is trifling when compared to that of the
Rebels having about 60 killed and 300 wounded."

Distribution of the Corps of Engineers, \\ih June,
1777, Brunswick.

Captain Montresor
Lieu' Pitts
Lieu' Haldane
Lieu' Sprule
Captain Nichol )
Ensign Wheeler j"
Captain Moncrief
Lieu' Fyer
Lieu' Sutherland
Ensign Valiancy
Lieut'ant Parker

Draughts men.

>• Commander-in-Chief.
j- Commander-in-Chief.
[• Lord Cornwallis.
[ Brunswick.

Amboy.

5i8

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.

Division of the Rebel Army taken from a paper found
on the Field of Battle at Birmingham Meeting-
House, September \ith, 177J.

Virginia.
ist Reid's
5th Hendrick's
9th 13th
2d Spotswood's
6th ioth
14th

5 Marshall
7 11IS
4 Lawson
8 12
Grayson's ) „
Patton's fCorPS"
Maryland.
1st
3d
6th 1 Lower Counties,
Delaware
2d
4th 7thGerman Battl.
Pennsylvania.
1
2 7 10
Hartley's Corps.
Pennsylvania.
4 5

Pennsylvania.
3
6cpencer's Corps.
Jersey.
1
2 3
4

Virginia.
ist Brigade
GeneralMuhlenburgh

2d Brigade
General Weedon

I 3d Brigade
\ General
| Woodford
J | 4th Brigade
\ General •
| Scott
J Maryland.
ist Brigade
GeneralSmallwood.

2d Brigade
GeneralDe Borre.
Pennsylvania.
ist Brigade
General Wayne Pennsylvania.
2d Brigade
\ General
I de Haas

GeneralGreen.

General
Stephen.

General Sullivan .

GeneralLincoln

3d Brigade
General
Conway.

Jersey.
Jersey Brigade
General Maxwell.

General
• Fred.
Sterling

GeneralGeorge Wash
ington.

Recapitula tion.
15 Battl. Virginia.
2 Light
Corps, Vir ginia.
6 Battl. Maryland.
I German
Battl. Mary land.
12 Battl.
Pennsyl vania.
2 Light
Corps, Penn
sylvania.
' 1 Battalion,
Lower Coun
ties, Dela ware.
'4 Battl. Jersey.
43 Battal
ions. Total
being about
300 men in
each, makes
Rank and file
12.900 men.

II

JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR. 519
[From Note-Book.^ "My Proposals to Sir Wm. Howe
for the storming of the Rebel Fortress of Mud Island,
and to head and direct it, November, 1777. John
Montrdsor, Chief Engineer.
An arrangement for a general attack on the Fort on
Mud Island, 6th November, 1777.
The Batteries as follows : Middle Battery, '
one 8-inch Howitzer, one 8-inch Mortar. Bat
tery adjoining Middle Battery, six 24 Pound
ers ; Right or lower Battery, one 8-inch
Howitzer, one 8-inch Mortar ; Mortar Batty,
one 13-inch Mortar for lb. shot and carcases. ¦
Pest House Batty of 2 Medium 12 Pound-"
ers, together with an Iron 18 Pd' can only
serve to protect the passage and annoy the f
Fort, and 2-32 pounders. J
2 Floating Batteries with 2-32 pound
ers in each 2
A vessel carrying 24 Pdr, 3 Vigilant 24
Pr, 9 two Pdr, 6 four Pd', 19
— 21
and two light 1 2 Pd' advanced on the lower
wharf at the north point of Schuylkill. 2
—39
The 2 Medium 128, and the Rebel 18 Pd' will occa
sionally amuse the shipping to prevent their falling
down and firing (th° at great range) at our Boats or
floating Batteries.
Guns the Enemy have mounted to oppose, and
whose Direction comprehends the attack from Car
penter's Island.
On West Block house . . 18 Pounder No. 2
Upper do do . . 9 do above 1
Centre do do . . 9 do below 1
Lower do do Port Holes but no
guns visible  o
One very oblique Embrasure in the
mud Bank  °

520 JOURNALS OF CAPT. JOHN MONTRESOR.
[Then follows a list of articles necessary, as 20
scaling ladders for the escalade of 15 feet 10, and 16
feet 10 inches, fascines, 4 bridges of 22 and 24 feet
span, etc., etc.] ,
Direction of the Fire from the Batteries for the attack
for the ist day, 9th Nov. 1777.
Batteries on the left above the stream
at the Upper Block House 8-inch Howitzer 1
at the 2 Gun Battery on the Dam 24 Pounders 3
at the Middle Block House 34 do 2
f at the Lower do do 24 do 2
\ at the do do do 8-inch Howitzer 1
Into the Body of the Fof t 8-inch Mortars 2
For throwing of Carcases 13-inch do 1
pieces of ordnance 1 2

IV.

APPENDIX.

APPENDIX.

List of the New Establishment of Engineers — i8t April-
!7S9-
[From the MS. of Colonel James Montresor.]

Chief Engi
neer & Colo
nel 27 shil
lings & 6
pence per
day

William Skinner

Engineers Extraordina
ry and Cap"
Lieu t""1 at
6/ per day
No. 12

DLieu'0Col-- \ J°'ln Henry BaStide
2o/»U ° / James Montresor

SubDirectors and Majors
— ISA

Wm Cunningham
Archibd Patoun Sub Engi-
Patrick Mackellar n e e" a"d <
T ,, Lieut"" 4/8
James Braman

Engineers in
ordinary and
, Captains 10/
per day

Eng ineers
Exraordina-
i ry and Cap1*
Li eut"'" at

1 6/ per
I No. 12

day

'Wm Green
Mathew Dixon
Wm Eyres
Geo. Morrison
John Archer
Geo. Weston
1 Harry Gordon
John Brewse
Hugh Debbing
John Baugh
Richd Dawson
^Richd Dudgeon
'Wm Bontein
Cha8 Hub' Harriot
Thos Walker
Adln Williamson
Tho" Sowers
Tho8 Williamson
John Williams

Practitioner Engineers^ and Ensigns
at 3/8.

Geo. Garth
John Phipps
Wm Spry
Wm Dundass
Rob' Geo Bruce
Augustus Durnford
David Dundass
Tho8 Bassett
Wm Roy
Cha" Tarrant
Jn° Christr Eiser
Rich Muller
The0 Lefanu
Archibd Campbell
Patrick Ross
Jn° Montresor
Tho8 Craskell
Henry Watson
Sam1 Beardsley
Robert Morse
Jo8 Healh
Abrah™ Daubant
Fredk Mulcaster
Elias Durnford
Wm Green
Alex"" Mercer
Andrew Frazer
John Mar
Gilb' Townshend
Archib"1 Robertson
Daniel Slack

524 APPENDIX.

II.

General Abstract. The late Col° James Montresor in acct
with the Crown during his Command in North America
as Chief Engineer.

Dr.
For Services performed and to Amounts received
per Warrants in Sterling at 4/8 per Dollar  ^£r59-S5OI8.7

^£•59.550.18.7

Cr.
As per Abstracts of Expenditures.
At Fort Edward  .£14.604.13. 9"
At " George  ' 5.286.19.4
At " William Henry  4.415. 13.10
At " Albany.  14.176.15.11K
Occasional Engineers Pay  1.2 14.15. 1
Stores and Mr Mendez Pay  i5-33°- 9- 5
Posts on the Hudson's River  2.943. 16. if
do. do. Mohawk do  1. 418.10. 5
Balance paid, by Sir Jeffrey Amherst's order to Cap'
Debbing who succeeded in the Command at
Albany on Col Montresor's leaving America. . . 159. 3.11s
^59.550.18. 7

Sir.

III.
Lieut. John Montresor to Sir Jeffrey Amherst.
Boston February 26tb, 1760

I have the honour of acquainting you of my arrival yesterday to
this place in 31 days from Quebec— 26 of which were in the woods
the other 5 on my journey hither. My escort was one officer, two
Serjeants and ten rangers, all but 2 got in with me safe to the set
tlement of Topsham near Fort Brunswick on Ammerascaegen
River, one of which was froze past recovery about 200 miles in the
woods, the other just capable of moving about 30 miles to whom I

APPENDIX.

525

sent relief. We were 13 days without bread and n without meat,
owing to the little knowledge we had of the distance we had to go
and the difficulties to encounter. I left the party at Topsham to
recover, being very feeble and scarce any flesh on their bones,
having been as well as myself obliged to subsist by eating our In
dian shoes, Bullet pouches and all the spare leather we brought,
with Berries, buds, Bark & boiled mountain tea. I left Brigr Gen
eral Murray and the troops in good health. I brought no letters
from him to you but what are Blinds being his second attempt. My
orders from him, that I hope speedily to have the honour of Com
municating to you are verbal the reason for my presuming to take
this liberty is on account of an Express, just proceeding for New
York, and as it is impossible I should be as capable at present of
dispatch as fresh men and that there may be several accounts trans
mitted from hence by that means I thought it a duty incumbent on
me to take the first occasion of acquainting you that I intend to
halt this day both for the recovery of my health (as my joints feel
almost dislocated) and to prepare myself for the continuation of
my journey. I left Quebec the 26lh day of January, crossed the
river S' Lawrence in Canoes through & over the ice to Point les
Peres, from thence marched into the woods and cut through the
village and concessions of S' Charles, from thence Struck S and by
West upon the river Chaudiere — a few miles above the village of
Nouvelle Basse, from thence to the Forks of Chaudiere, continuing
on the southern Branch till we arrived at the Notch of the Allegany
Mountains, till I arrived at the Great Chaudiere Pond, still keeping
the same course, passed the height of land down to the little Chau
diere pond, passed the carrying place and struck on a stream or
Branch of Ammerascaegen River which I followed till I arrived at
the settlement of the Township of Topsham.
I have the honour Sir &c &c &c John Montresor.
[After the short rest at Boston, Lieut. Montresor proceeded to New
York, where he addressed a letter to the Board of War under date of
March n, 1760, from which the following is an extract :]
" I left the troops in health (in Canada) and the garrison in a
posture of defence, we having taken post at the village of S' Foix,
6 miles to the Westward of the town and also at Ancienne Lorette,
another village somewhat more to the Northwards about 8 miles by
fortifying a Stone Church each place, one containing 100 regular
troops and the other 150 besides a patrole of Rangers which covers
our wood cutters, subdues much more country and must give timely
intelligence to the garrison ii any attempt should be made which is
not much credited notwithstanding the preparation of Snow Shoes
Scaling ladders &c and Monsieur Vaudrieuil Governor of Canada,
Commanding the regulars and his officers. By what we could learn
from Jacques Cartier the enemies principal post, it was to have been

526 APPENDIX.
undertaken the ist of February but postponed to the 15th on account
of the difficulty of assembling the Canadians. There is an Exterior
line of Six blockhouses constructed on rising grounds, 200 yards
advanced in the Front of the work, well defended 5 of which con
tain one Serjeant and 12 men each and the 6lh being the largest
mounting 2-Six pounders, commanding the road to Port S' Louis."
[The Journal of the above expedition in 1760, across the State of
Maine, has appeared in the "New England Historical and Genea
logical Register" for January (1882), and the colored plan or
draught of the route, drawn by Lieut. Montresor, is in the posses
sion of the N. E. Historic Genealogical Society.]

IV.
Col. Bradstreet's Treatv of Peace made at Ance aux Feuilles,
(near Presque Isle), August 12, 1764.
Colonel Henry Bouquet, after his memorable defeat of the In
dians, in the summer of 1 763, on his way to relieve Fort Pitt,
resolved to invade their territories in Ohio with a large force, and
oblige them to sign a treaty of peace in the midst of their own
villages. Frequent letters on this subject passed between Bouquet
and General Gage, during the succeeding autumn. It was agreed
that the season was too far advanced to carry out their plans and
that they should be deferred till the next year. In the meantime,
Colonel Bouquet was to repair to New York for consultation with
General Gage, which he did early in 1764. On the 2d of May,
1764, he sent to his chief from Carlisle his matured plans and views
at length concerning the stipulations of the prospective Indian
treaty, viz.:
"The peace concluded with the Senecas (by Sir Wra Johnson)
is very honourable and must be soon followed by the submission of
the Delawares, Shawanese, Wyandots and Mingoes. In case those
Tribes sue for Peace, I could wish to know your Intentions and what
Terms you would please to grant them and as some of them are
went on that occasion, I take the liberty to submit to your considera
tion the following points —
Ist. That they deliver up the murderers of Clapham* and our
Traders to be put to death for their Crimes.
* Capt. Wm. Clapham was a partner with George Croghan of Fort
Pitt in some land speculations, ancl was killed by the Indians. He had
bought an Indian for a servant, and while travelling with him in the
woods met two more Indians. Clapham stopped them and gave each a
drink. At a signal from the slave Indian, they all three fell upon him
and killed him.

APPENDIX. 527
2nd. That they deliver up all the white people they have amongst
them either as Prisoners or adopted and lhe last to be abso
lutely insisted on whether they consent to it or not, as they
have been very active against us.
3rd- That they renounce their alliances with any other Indians than
the Six Nations.
4th. That they renounce in favour of the Crown all rights or claims
they ever had to the Lands lying on the East side of the
Ohio from the head of that river to the sea (N. B. in this case
the Claims of so many Nations upon these Lands would be
confined to the 6 Nations which would facilitate the Purchase).
5th. That they shall never cross that river in its full Extent without
our Leave.
6th. That they shall trade only at such Forts as the General will fix
for that purpose.
7th. That they repay in skins within Seven years the Losses our
Traders have suffered in their property by their Robberies and
murders.
8th- That they give sufficient hostages for the performances of the
Treaty. "
General Gage replied to the above from New York, May 14, 1 764 :
" I am of your opinion that the Delawares and Shawanees will soon
sue for Peace. The Terms you propose are very proper. I shall
acquaint Sir William Johnson with these particulars, when the Time
comes, to treat of Peace. That transaction must be left entirely
with him. My chief design in demanding a Tract of Land for the
King is in order to form a Military Establishment near Fort Pitt by
granting the land in lotts of 100 or 150 acres, on military tenures
and on such conditions as shall be proper for the welfare and security
of such a settlement dependant only on the King and his Generalsi
They should have Courts of Justice of their own and in every respect
be a little community by themselves of which the Commandant of j
the Fort should be Governor. It is confidently said, that neither ]
Virginia or Pennsylvania, can claim by their charter up to the Ohio.
I wish you could get some certain knowledge of this matter and how
far their Boundaries really go. I am informed Virginia does not go
beyond the Heads of Powtomack. As you have a perfect knowledge
of the country round Fort Pitt, I wish when you have leizure to think
of such a Project that you would sketch out the most proper to
begin upon and how to proceed till the whole Tract should be set
tled in different Townships taking in the waters upon the right and left
as much as possible and always have in view security and defence. "
Col. Bradstreet halted on his march at Ance aux Feuilles, a place
not far from Presque Isle. In a council held on the ioth three
chiefs of the Carnawagas, Onondagas, and Oneydos had warned them
that their enemy would lie in ambush about here, to attack them
when they least expected it. This was confirmed from another
source by Capt. Montresor, and he adds in his Journal, under Octo-

528 APPENDIX.
ber 16th : "By the best advices being from undoubted authority a
Project was laid after the Council held at Ance aux Feuilles that the
Troops should encamp (if the 6 Nations could persuade Col. Brad
street to it) at this carrying place in order to perpetrate (by the assist
ance of a large body of the Enemy) their black design in the massa
cre of our Troops when least on our Guard." At Ance aux Feuilles
Col. Bradstreet was detained a day or two by stress of weather, and
on the 1 2th of August the treaty of peace was agreed to. "This
morning arrived two canoes with Ten Savages, Chief warriors and
deputies from the Castles of the Hurons of Sandusky — Delawares —
Shawanese and Five Nations inhabiting the Plains of Scioto to entreat
for a Peace. Granted conditionally as per Articles of the Terms of
Peace." On the 16th, " this day went off Express with Col Brad-
street's despatches to Fort Pitt, an Oneyda a Tuscarora, one Onan-
daga and Two of the Shawanese Deputies, containing the articles
with the Terms of Peace, from thence they are to proceed to the
Plains of Scioto and meet the Troops (with the Chiefs and Prisoners)
at Sandusky. " Col. Bouquet happened to be in " Camp near
Fort Loudoun " when he received the dispatches. He at once
wrote a short note to Governor Penn, that he should altogether ig
nore the treaty made August 12 th, and proceed with his expedition at
the appointed time. At the same time he wrote to General Gage :
"27 August (1764). I received this moment advice from Colonel
Bradstreet of his having granted Peace to all the Indians living be
tween Lake Erie and the Ohio. The terms he gives them are such
as fills me with astonishment. After the massacres of our Officers
and garrisons and of our Traders and Inhabitants in Time of a pro
found Peace, after the immense Expense of the Crown and some
of the Provinces to punish those Infamous Murderers, not the least
satisfaction is obtained. Had Col Bradstreet been as well informed
as I am of the horrid Perfidies of the Delaware and Shawanese
whose Parties as late as the 22nd Instant killed 6 men and have
taken 4 Prisoners on the Frontier (not to recall the shocking and
recent murder of the schoolmaster and children) he never could
have compromised the Honour of the Nation by such disgraceful
conditions, and that at a Time when two armies after long struggles
are in full motion to penetrate into the Heart of the Enemies coun
try. Permit me likewise humbly to represent to your Excellency that
I have not deserved the affront laid upon me by this Treaty of Peace
concluded by a younger officer in the Department where you have
done me the honour to appoint me to Command, without referring the
Deputy's of the Savages to me at Fort Pitt, but telling them that
he shall send and prevent my proceeding against them. I can there
fore take no notice of his Peace but proceed forthwith to the
Ohio, where I shall wait to receive your Orders how to act after
wards." To this letter a reply was received from General Gage, New York,
September 2 (1764) : "I was this day favoured with your letter of

APPENDIX. 529
the 2 7lh of August inclosing Dispatches from Col Bradstreet, which to
my great astonishment, contained articles of a peace which he has
taken upon himself to conclude with the Shawanese and Delawares.
A peace that obtains not the least satisfaction for all the Crueltys
those Barbarians have been guilty of, that adds Dishonour to our
arms amongst the Indians and can serve no Purpose but be the
Basis of future massacres. I send you my answer open to Colonel
Bradstreet which you will please to seal and contrive every means
to get it to his hands. I send a duplicate by the way of Niagara.
This will show you my opinion of the Peace, without saying more
about what stings me to the quick. You do well to proceed in your
operations. 1 annull and disavow the Peace. Attack and use every
means to extirpate the Shawanees and Delawares and listen to no
Terms of Peace till they deliver the Promoters of the war into your
hands to be put to death and send their deputys to Sir William John
son to sue for Peace. You may write what shall occur to you as
proper to be told Colonel Bradstreet, concerning lhe mutual assist
ance you can give each other."
Extract from letter of Col. Bouquet to Col. Bradstreet. — " Camp at
Fort Bedford 5 September (1764). — I received at Fort Loudoun on
the 27th ult° the favour of yours letter dated at Presqu' Isle the 14th
of august with the account of what passed between you and the
Deputies of the Indian Nations who live between the Ohio and Lake
Erie. I forwarded immediately your dispatches to the General from
whom I expect soon an answer. His orders to me with regard to
the Delawares and Shawanees are so very different from the Terms
you grant them, that it is a doubt with me whether he will ratify that
Treaty and as I suppose that you have not received his last letter to
you, I enclose you copy of a paragraph of that letter which I have
this moment received by which you will be informed of his Inten
tions. I cannot conceal from you that a Peace granted to those In
solent Savages would be unsafe and universally blamed unless satis
faction be obtained for the murders of our officers and soldiers,
Traders and Inhabitants, committed in Time of a profound Peace and
force them to make restitution for part at least of the effects they have
plundered. Therefore if it is Time yet, I beg you will postpone the
final Conclusion of your Treaty (without breaking off the Conference)
till I can transmit to you the General's answer to your letter." This
answer did not reach Col. Bradstreet until the 2 5 th of September, at the
"carrying Place between the Lakes Sandusky and Erie," where he
had encamped. "Arrived an Express from General Gage to Col Brad
street by the way of Niagara by an officer of the 46th Reg' who took
the South Side of Lake Erie and fortunately fell in with our long boat
sent to a vessel from this Camp. Contents of the Dispatches from
the Commander in Chief. The Disapprobation of the Peace con
cluded with the Delawares, Shawanese, Savages of Scioto Plains and
Hurons of Sandusky, notwithstanding the orders ' make Peace with
34

530 APPENDIX.
those, Savages who should offer it ' * and that Extraordinary Peace
granted to the Senecas and that Branch of them called the Jennesees
at Niagara in August after that recent and most barbarous stroke
September 1763 on the Niagara carrying place without the least
provocation, together with their being the occasion of the present
rupture, with the Savages, containing also the absolute necessity of
12 of the Delawares and Shawanese to be delivered up and put to
death and advice of Colonel Bouquets being on his march against the
Ohio Indians by the way of Fort Pitt, which he was to leave the
first of October."
Extract from Col. Bradstreet 's reply to Col. Bouquet, October 1 7,
(1764). — " I know nothing of Smallman, nor have 1 settled anything
with or received any prisoners from the Shawanese and Delawares.
I have sent to all Nations of Savages as far as Illinois, the Bay, &c
letting them know, what General Gage desired in his first letter to
me respecting the Peace I had made agreeable to his Instructions
and indeed have taken every step in my power to prevent a storm.
I hope all may go well on that score — the savages have understand
ings. I have been in this Lake and up the River far as it is naviga
ble for Indian canoes for near a month and am extremely sorry to
tell you it was impossible for me to put General Gages orders into
Execution, 'tis necessity, absolute necessity that obliges me to turn
the other way. By my long stay here and keeping the chiefs &c of
such nations as could give assistance to those against whom you act,
the two nations in question are left to defend themselves and should
they stand out, I am hopefull their efforts will be feeble. We keep
them in constant alarm that the safety of their Families may prevent
their collecting in a Body."
Gen. Gage to Col. Bouquet, New York, October 15, (1764), after
the conclusion of the treaty of peace with the Indians in Ohio.
— " The Delaware Indians with whom you had the Conference
were no doubt sent to watch your motions and those Co1 Brad
street treated with at Presque Isle were as surely detached upon
the same errand and no other. Nothing can be better than the
manner in which you have dealt with them and the message you
sent to their Nations and I think unless they have seized Colonel
* It would appear that Gage was not sufficiently explicit in his orders
to Bradstreet about the treaty of peace. In his letter to Bradstreet
Sept. 2d he writes : " To offer peace (this, he only claims to have ordered
him to do) I think can never be construed a power to conclude and dic
tate the articles of peace, and you certainly knew that no such power could
with propriety be lodged in any person but in Sir William Johnson, his
Majesty's Sole agent and Superintendent for Indian affairs." Gen. Gage
does not seem to have considered the inconsistency of this plea, for he
left Bouquet fully at liberty to conclude a treaty with the Indians in Ohio
without calling upon the aid of Sir Wm. Johnson in person.

APPENDIX. 531
Bradstreet's partys which I always suspected they would, that you
must have heard from him soon after the date of your letter." *
September 28th. — " Col Bradstreet demanded of the 6 Nations
with us to join a small party of our Troops and some Ottawas now
present to immediately proceed & attack some of the Enemies
settlements on the Ohio which they declined saying * that they
were sent out to make Peace.' "
October 14th. — "Council held this day with the 6 Nations and
upper Nations wherein matters were explained by Col Bradstreet
with regard to the present situation of affairs between us & the
Delawares & Shawanese & the little or no dependence to be put in
their treaties, of their having broke their Peace by scalping & tak
ing prisoners off of our Frontiers, since they had Concluded Peace
with us August 1 2th — 1764."

V.
Letters from Colonel Alexander Leslie to General Hal-
dim and, etc., 1773.
Castle William i6'h December 1773.
Sir— I have intended myself the honor to write you these 10 days past
but waited from Post to Post expecting to give you some Coup
d'Etat of the Sons of liberty. Excepting their taking possession
of the Tea Ships & their keeping an armed guard, they have done
nothing since their Express went to York & Philadelphia only news
paper abuse to all the Servants of the Crown. On Tuesday last
they had a very large Provincial meeting, late in the evening, they
sent 10 men to find out the Collector and Comptroller, the last
they got hold of, but he told them he did no business at so late
hours. The above 2 Gentlemen went as usual to the custom house
yesterday morning & a committee of the people came & desired
the Collector to clear out the Tea Ships, that they might proceed
on their intended voyage : he told them he could not consistantly
with his duty clear out any Ships where part of their Cargo had never
been entered. It is reported that they wait this day upon the
Governor to desire of him a pass for them not to be fired at from
the guns of this Island. In short they have run themselves aground
& find they have gone lengths they cant support. They have put
one Savage (some man of the country of no weight) into the chair,
to throw the odium off the town & the committee will bring things
to a crisis; in my opinion the Tea Consignees have the Ball at
their foot, a little exertion now would show them in their true col
ours. The Governor keeps at his Country seat. He never has

532

APPENDIX.

mentioned of moving the Troops to town, if he does I am confident
they will execute his orders to their own credit. I desired Col.
Robertson to inform you that the 4 commissioners of the Customs
& the 5 Tea Agents took refuge with me, the 29th ult° & are still
here. I've been obliged to get a crew for another boat since the
arrival of these gentlemen, for we have courriers every hour coming
on the Island some with Intelligence, others as Counsellors & some
as negotiators. The Governor showed me a letter some time ago
from your Excellency & in it you mentioned having wrote to me about
ordering wood to the Ordnance Provincial Store Keepers here &
the Signal man, which letter I never had the honor to receive ; how
ever I have given them a room's firing between them in consequence
of your letter to Govr Hutchinson . . . I am with &c . . .
Sir &c &c Alex" Leslie.
N.B. — This Instant there's an account come of a Brig (with Tea
on board) belonging to the Mess"5 Clarks, Loring, Master, son to
the Commodore, being cast away last Friday, off Cape Cod.
Castle William 20"1 December 1773.
Sir— I did myself the honor to write your Excelly last Post, that very
Evening the Sons of liberty went in a large body when dark to
the wharf where the 3 Tea Ships lay & in 2 hours destroyed all the
Tea on board, amounting to 340 chests. The people that did the
business were disguised. I had the regiment ready to take their
arms if they had been called upon. I am since informed the coun
cil would not upon any account have the Troops come to Town.
So in fact it was out of the Governor's Power to call us. Such is
the state of this Government at present, there must be a new Char
ter & a proper code of laws formed for them & those laws en
forced, I doubt by the military. They threaten the Governor & my
3 guests more than ever, for now they find they have gone to
great lengths, & they attribute it to the Governor's not allowing
the ships to return & to the Tea Consignees for being the cause of
its being brought here, so I am not likely to get rid of my guests,
which entre nous I'm very sorry for & I've reason to expect the
Governor down to night. As to the brig that was stranded at Cape
Cod, the teas were landed from her & its thought destroyed ere
now. I am Sir your &c
To General Haldimand A Leslie
Castle William 15"1 February — 1774.
Sir— I have the honor to send you the Contingent account for this
garrison from July 73 to Jany 1774. The vouchers shall be sent by
the first opportunity. ... I have sent yr Excell" separately the
money I paid to an Extra Boat's crew during our Flurry here, if its

APPENDIX. 533
not allowed at head Quarters I sha'nt think of making a demand
any where else. I beg leave to know if I could be allowed for the
unavoidable expence I was put to for keeping a table for 7 weeks
for the Commissioners and Tea Agents, the amount don't Exceed
^150 Sterling. I did it for the credit of the Crown and the mili
tary station, I have the honor to represent here. Indeed it was
out of my power to do otherwise, for I could not either (at that
time) spare them a kitchen, or dining parlour, for 1 was obliged to
crowd them two in a room. The Tea Gentlemen are still here, but
of late have provided for themselves. I hope, Sir, you will give
some attention to the above expence, as it was not incurred in a
Regimental line but from being Commanding officer of this Island.
I forward to your Excellency a packet and a roll of plans from
Captain Holland some time ago, by Mr Phillips formerly an officer
in this country. ... I have the honor &c &c. . . .
To General Haldimand. Alex" Leslie
NB. — A new Boat is much wanted for transporting the Troops
to the other side, the present one is quite wore out and belonged to
the Province. I have here forwarded an Estimate to your Excel
lency for a new one.
Extract from a letter from Alexander Leslie to General Fk.
Haldimand, dated Castle William, 12th March, 1774. — "Your Ex
cellency's determination for not allowing me the Expence incurred
here on account of the Tea matter, must teach me a little more pru
dence for the future, and I am sorry to confess, it is not the first
time I have played the fool in the same manner."
From the Ordnance Department at New York to Colonel Alexander
Leslie. New York May — 19th — 1774-
Sir— I received last night by the post your letter of the 11th ins* cover
ing the act of Parliament intended to shut the Port of Boston &
bring the people of that town and Province to a sense of their duty.
I congratulate you on the return of General Gage which we hear is
arrived, as it will relieve you from the disagreeable situation in which
you have been for many months past. I hope that the General's
presence, his firmness & the spirit with which the great Council of
the Nation have taken up the behavour of the People of Boston,
will answer the end wished for by all, well wishers to the British
Nation viz — to Extract good order from Anarchy & confusion. The
detachment of artillery with the cannon — ammunition, Flints, &c &c,
I so long intended to Send to Fort William and was to sail hence
this morning, is not yet gone having been detained longer than was
Expected. I am Sir &c &c.
To Honour"51' Lieu* Col Leslie
64th Regiment, Castle William near Boston.

534

APPENDIX.

VI.

Assistant engineers •

Return of Staff Officers belonging to the Corps of Engin
eers—and their Pay— 4 July— 1777— (Contingencies).
[From John Montresor's Note-Book.\
Lieu' Geo. Sproule . ..Pay per diem  5/
Lieu' Arthur Forth  do  5/
Lieu' Doyle  do  5/
Lieu' George Brown . . do  5/
Captain Jn° Norberg. do  5/
Lieu' Charles Stewart. do  5/
Lieu'  Marshall ... do  5/
Lieu'  De Lancy. . do  5/
Paymaster  John Grant  do  4/
Assistant in accts. William Wood  do  4/
^ , ( Pierre Nicole  do  5/
Draughtsmen  j Thomas wheeler  do  5/
Storekeeper  James Auchmuty  do  4/
Assistant Ditto. . . Archibald McNeil  do  4/
NB. — The Undermentioned officers have two shillings Extra
ordinary on the List of Chainbearers, viz' —
( George Sproule
Lieutenants  X Arthur Forth
( William Wood
~ , , j Pierre Nicole
Draughtsmen  j Thomag Wheeler

VII.
Captain Montresor and the Auditor's Office in London.
Captain Montresor complains in his journal that, among other
things " he has been reduced to after 24 Campaigns in America, " he
has been subjected " to various complaints from frequent hardships
and distresses by excessive cold and fatigue and from worry at law
suits against me for Government matters and tormented by a Court
of Inquisition at the Creditors Office. " He retired from the army
in 1778, and in 1798 had been yet unable to pass his accounts at the
Treasury for the Expenditures of the Engineering Department be-

APPENDIX. 535
tween 1774 and 1778. He had delivered in his accounts on the 18th
and 22dof July, 1782, and also presented a memorial on the subject
in 1793 to the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, which having
failed to satisfy their objections on "account of certain Informalities
in his accounts, which could not be avoided in that active Line of
Service," he had prepared another one in 1798, with many additional
vouchers, etc., which it is presumed satisfied the Lords Commis
sioners. In his memorial he says : " In the Execution of Works it was the
Duty of the Engineer to provide, or cause to be provided Materials
of all kinds, Artificers, Labourers, and whatever was requisite for the
Services ordered and for the Payment of the Working Parties from
the Army. Custom had established that the Chief Engineer whose
Duty kept him principally at Head-quarters should apply to the
Commander in Chief for money by Warrants to carry on the various
Services of his Department, he being considered as the proper Judge
of the sums necessary for such Services. Although these Warrants
were made out in the name of the Chief Engineer, it was also settled
by Custom, that after being endorsed by him they were immediately
delivered to the Commissary & Pay master of the Ordnance, who
was Ex-Officio Pay master of the Works for the Engineer Depart
ment ; this Officer received the Money and it was his Duty to pay
all Expenses incurred when authenticated by the Order of the Chief
Engineer for Payment, ancl to take proper vouchers for such Pay
ments, being in fact the Banker for the Department, subject to the
Control of the Chief Engineer who was virtually the Comptroller
of the Pay masters accounts & not the accountant as he neither
received nor paid the Money, that it then became the Duty of the
Pay Master to retain and take due care of all the vouchers justifying
such Payments for his Acquittance and the originals were accord
ingly always lodged in his Office, the Chief Engineer being furnished
with Duplicates for his Information and Satisfaction and though when
a final Warrant was granted pro forma in the name of the Chief
Engineer as before mentioned ; which Expressed that the vouchers
were in his possession yet the same were never in fact lodged with
him nor was anything more implied thereby than the original vouch
ers were in the Office of the Pay Master of the Works who was con
sidered as the Public Accountant in this Branch, as well as in that
of the Ordnance, which he has invariably been. In proof of this it
will appear by the Commission and Instruction given to the Chief
Engineer that no Responsibility was required or expected from him
for the money paid in his Department, but that the Pay master was
considered as the accountant and required to be so by his Instruc
tions under the Control of the Chief Engineer who had he conceived
that he had any other account to render than as Comptroller, would
not have entrusted the vouchers to the Custody of any other Person
whatever The established Pay masters who were appointed by

536 APPENDIX.
the Board of Ordnance, during your Memorialists Command as
Chief Engineer, were, Mr William Forman whom he found in the
Office, and who Continued in it until he died at New York in the
Spring of 1775, on which Occasion Thomas Barron Esq Deputy
Pay Master General of the Forces, officiated by desire of General
Gage until some other person should be appointed by the Board of
Ordnance to succeed Mr Forman as Commissary and Pay master
and Mr John Grant being appointed accordingly arrived with the
Army from Boston and Halifax at New York in July 1776 and re
mained in that Office when your Memorialist left America in the
Autumn of 1778. The Pay master of the works, not your Memo
rialist, received the Money granted by the Warrants before mentioned
and paid all Demands whatever upon the Engineers Department
having previously presented the necessary papers to your Memorial
ist for Inspection, with a written Order for him to sign for the Pay
ment, after which the Receipts were taken by the Pay master in his
own Name (and not in the Name of your Memorialist) which the
Pay Master annexed to the said Order, and kept in his Possession,
with all the relative Papers as vouchers for his Disbursments. * *" *
Your Memorialist therefore considered himself responsible only for
the due construction of the Works and other military Services be
longing to the Department; that the Materials and Labour necessary
for the performance of those Duties were purchased and Executed
in the most advantageous manner for the Public, and duly paid for
pursuant to his Orders to the Pay Master of the Department whose
Accounts he controlled, in like manner as the Commissioners of the
Navy conduct, direct and controul the accounts of the Treasurer of
the Navy, by directing all Naval Works, providing Materials and
Labour for the same putting Money into the hands of the Treasurer
for defraying the Expenses thereof, and giving their Orders on him for
Payment and afterwards controlling his accounts the Treasurer being
the Public Accountant and not the Commissioners.
" Your Memorialist, therefore begs leave humbly to represent the
extreme hardship of his case, because the usage at Head Quarters
was to make out the Warrants for money in the name of the Chief
Engineer, who in fact never received the amount, that he should be
held accountable for the same and thus become responsible for a
Person not of his appointment but necessarily attached by superior
authority to the Department as its Banker. He shall only fur-
ther observe that had he conceived himself in that predicament, he
would have resigned his Commission rather than have subjected him
self to the Responsibility now expected of him. * * * * By
all which it will be evident that he constantly considered Mr Grant
as the Public Accountant and that he continued to do so on his
Arrival in England having on Grant's Return from America wrote to
him on the 12th Nov' 1780 'his Expectations of his having brought
' with him all the necessary Papers for passing his (Grant's) accounts,

APPENDIX. 537
' of the Army Extraordinaries at the Treasury ; and urging him to
' deliver them in, that they might be examined at the Auditors of
' the Imprests office, with your memorialist's numerous checks & con-
'trol of his accounts in order that he Grant, might obtain a quietus.'
This requisition Mr Grant was prevented from complying with by
a severe Indisposition which he then laboured under, and which ter
minated in his Death on the latter end of the same Month. Fortu
nately for your Memorialist the Pay Master had orders to take
Duplicate Vouchers of all payments, where the accounts were simple
& to prepare as specific and explanatory abstracts as possible of
those more complex : to deliver or transmit such Duplicates to your
memorialist, with every general Account presented to the Commander
in Chief for a final Warrant in order to satisfy his Enquiries as well
as to Convince your Memorialist that the Public Money had been
disbursed agreeable to his orders ***** -j-^g duplicate
Accounts thus preserved are those delivered in by him to the Audi
tors office (on which the Animadversions of the Commissioners are
made, having shared the Dangers of all the Marches, Voyages and
actions your Memorialist has been concerned in during the War,
thereby escaping the total Plunder and Destruction of his House &c
near New York, on the 13th January 1777 and the Capture of the
Alert Armed Schooner on the River Delaware in March 1778, on
board whereof were his Plans, Journals, probably some Vouchers,
and occasional Observations upon the pay masters accounts, & on
other Public Proceedings previous to the 17th of July 1777 which
would have been of the utmost Service to him at this time, in eluci
dating such Doubts as have arisen relative to the various and very
Extensive works carried on under his direction."
Concerning different items of the accounts under discussion, the
memorialist says : "Your Memorialist can only repeat that the said
Receipts must either have been destroyed by the Fire at New York
or lost by the capture of the Alert Schooner in the River Delaware
in March 1778 — as they are no where to be found, but as all the
Items are entered in the Pay Masters Books, he trusts that your
Lordships will relieve him from the Surcharge, from the fatality at
tending the loss of Vouchers which was inevitable, and here he begs
leave humbly to represent to your Lordships that in this Case as
well as in all similar Cases where the Payments are found in the Pay
master's Books who were wholly independant of him, your Memori
alist should be relieved from the Surcharge ; which if thought fit to
be established, should be charged on the Pay Master of the Works,
whose Duty it was to produce Vouchers for the Sums he took Credit
for in his Books and who had the charge and disbursement of the
Public Money."
The Auditors of Capt. Montresor's and the Paymaster's accounts
were disposed to be very captious. They objected to several signa
tures to the vouchers, particularly to one John Joy's, who furnished

538 APPENDIX.
carpenters. William Wood swore that to the best of his belief
certain signatures were not John Joy's. Captain Montresor, after
much trouble and expense, found Joy in London, and produced his
acknowledgment that the signatures were his own. The same
Wm. Wood came forward to sustain the same objections to some sig
natures of the late Paymaster, Mr. Grant. Captain Montresor might
with reason enter the complaint in his journal that he " was tor
mented by a Court of Inquisition at the Creditor's Office." Item
25 on the list being exceptionally large in amount (viz., ^£26,459
1 is. 5$d.), its secret history will be here entered into, as it is histor
ically of interest. This sum '"being the amount of several sums
claimed for services performed, stores and materials provided for
the use of the works at Philadelphia Surcharged because articles for
large sums are inserted in the handwriting of the accountant in
bills originally made out for smaller sums, because the whole of
the articles in other bills are in the handwriting cf the accountant
because in severall bills partly written by him there are blank
spaces as if for more articles of charge ; because in some of these
vouchers the receipts are witnessed by Archibald McNeil the act
ing Pay Master ; and because there are no contracts, certificates
pay lists or under bills to support these Vouchers, which on inspec
tion were deemed objectionable, and those objections were after
wards confirmed by the evidence of the accountant taken on oath
before the Commissioners,' before your Memorialist proceeds to
reply particularly to these heavy charges, he thinks it necessary to
apprize your Lordships of the situation of the army, and of the ad
jacent country at the time these works were performed.
" The British army was then in the possession of Philadelphia, but
their lines were very much circumscribed, and it was to defend these
lines that the expence was by the order of the Commander in Chief
incurred. There were not materials within those lines by any
means sufficient for the construction of the works ordered ; a du
plicate statement of the expence of these works is inserted in the
appendix, the original of which, together with plans of the works
and circumjacent country he delivered to the Commissioners for
auditing the public accounts ; and in order to shew the few mate
rials that were within these lines, he transmits General Paterson, the
Adjutant General's letter to him requiring a return of the materials
captured when the City was taken possession of and the return he
made in obedience thereto ; there were sufficient materials in the
adjacent country, but that being possessed by the Enemy, it became
necessary to adopt some secret means of obtaining them from those
who were willing to supply them if that could be done with safety to
their lives ; for instant death was the consequence of any man sup
plying the British Troops with stores or materials. There was in the
Department of your Memorialist, as Draftsman and Captain of the
Guides, a man named Captain Pierre Nicole, a Swiss, very intelli-

APPENDIX. 539
gent, well acquainted with the Country and with the people, who
having on former occasions acquitted himself to perfect satisfaction
in procuring intelligence was now made choice of for negociating
this hazardous business and who performed the duty with effect and
Fidelity : he procured the materials and received the money to pay
for them, generally in round sums for which he usually made his bar
gains, and being the confidential person acting between the British
army and the Loyalists everything passed upon word only there were
no bills of particulars, no accounts, nor anything upon paper lest by
accident such might have fallen into the hands of the enemy and
certain death been the consequence to those who at all hazards sup
plied our wants, and without which, it would have been wholly im
practicable to have procured a sufficient supply of stores and ma
terials for the use of the army. Your memorialist on receiving the
materials gave Nicole the money he said he had agreed for as the
price ancl he is ready to affirm in the most solemn manner that the
price paid was, in his opinion moderate, as the sum total of the work
constructed will evince ; as the articles were received previous to
payment he did not take receipts from Nicole for the money he gave
him, considering the transactions as a secret service for the due per
formance of which his honor was pledged. Capt. Pierre Nicole
died in 1784, so that he is deprived the benefit of his testimony,
but he can indisputably prove his existence and employment by the
certificate of Joseph Galloway Esq then Superintendant of Police at
Philadelphia ; by the certificate of Major General Balfour ; Colonel
Frederick Mulcaster and Lieu' Colonel Henry Haldane and Sir Wil
liam Howe's letter to Lord Townsend, Master General of the Ord
nance, recommending Captain Nicole to his notice and protection.
These certificates clearly prove his being employed on secret Ser
vice by your Memorialist and the Commander in Chiefs approbation
of the fidelity with which he executed it, by his afterwards recom
mending him to the Master General of the Ordnance. Thus your
Lordships have a faithful account of the uncommon means it was
necessary to adopt in order to obtain the supplies which were
wanted and to which your Memorialist will have occasion to refer on
his explanation of particular Items of the charge. * * * * Items
for articles of materials furnished by Loyalists whose names could
not with safety be exposed, were obtained through and paid for by
Pierre Nicole, who could not deliver abstracts or bills of particulars
into the Office, least Individuals furnishing the articlesViould be de
tected and put to death, as was the fate, unfortunately of a Mr
Molesworth Mr Dunbar and Mr Roberts for affording Service to the
British army. . .
"The 33d Item of charge .£4401 Pennsylvania Currency being the
amount of several sums payed George Slonga— Michael Steyner—
Petus Van Warraden Christopher Muirhault, and Patrick Murgat-
royd, Surcharged for the reason that all the bills are in the hand-

54°

APPENDIX.

writing of the accountant and because upon diligent enquiry the
board could not discover that any such persons existed whose
names appear to many of the receipts," Captain Montresor replied :
" That the bills mentioned in the foregoing numbers were wholly
written by your Memorialist he readily admits but he must have been
infatuated or strangely misapprehended, if he was understood to say
that he could not give any reason for their b< ing so, as it is very
improbable he should not have recollected that at Philadelphia on the
24'" of May 1778 at ten o'clock at night, a Sudden order for the em
barkation of the Baggage of the Army was communicated to him,
requiring the whole to be completely on board the next Day by one
in the afternoon, as all the transports would fall down the river by
that hour. In consequence of this order every Person under him
was employed from the first moment to the last of his stay at Phila
delphia, in dismantling the works, in embarking the Engineers Stores
& in collecting the various accounts & discharges remaining unsigned
and in forming them so as to be signed by such of the parties en
titled to payment, as were upon the spot, in order to obtain what
was the only voucher to be had in that emergency & what would, as
he then thought been deemed sufficient." Finding also under the
circumstances that the Paymaster and his assistants were quite un
equal to the dispatch requisite, Captain Montresor assisted with his
own pen, and that accounts for his handwriting appearing in the ac
counts. Then the Commissioners raised the doubt whether Mr.
Grant was ever in Philadelphia, and whether he authorized the
appointment of Archibald McNiel as his deputy there. All this
Captain Montresor was able to prove by General Patison. " The
Certificates of Lieu' Colonel Mulcaster and of Captain Matthew
Pitts both Engineers on the Spot ascertain the degree of Oeconomy
with which the works were executed in addition to which, he has the
happiness to add the testimony of his Commander in Chief Sir Wil
liam Howe who in his Letter to the Commissioners of the io"1 De
cember 1792 informs them that he was perfectly satisfied with these
accounts when laid before him for granting Warrants for their dis
charge, that the articles they contained were not overcharged and
that the works performed were adequate to the expence, and that
upon a late review of those accounts he had no reason for deviating
from that opinion. * * * * Your Memorialist is furthermore
authorized to offer the personal attendance of Sir William Howe on
your Lordships, to the character and conduct of your Memorialist,
and to explain any matter relative to this business that your Lord
ships may think still necessary."
My Lords
I entreat, most anxiously, your Lordships patient perusal of lhe
foregoing memorial and the papers in the annexed appendix ; by
which I trust, that I shall be acquitted, in your Lordships opinion

APPENDIX.

541

of the dishonourable supposition of unfairness : the informalities in
several of the Vouchers arose from the adoption of measures made
necessary by the nature of the Service & I am convinced Your Lord
ships will feel the impossibility of conforming to the forms of Office
in the midst of active service but that no fraud or Imposition was
intended, I appeal to the whole tenor of my Conduct in the course
of twenty four Campaigns ; and to all my private transactions
through life : I appeal to the Testimony of the several Command
ers in Chief under whom I served, I appeal to the Testimony of
every Officer in the armies with whom I served ; that not one In
stance can be furnished to warrant such a Conclusion. My For
tune, and what is Dearer to me, my hitherto unimpeached reputation
are in your Lordships' hands and whom the legislature has wisely
placed the Power of dispensing with Informalities : when your Lord
ships are satisfied of the rectitude of the intention and that every
possible Satisfaction has been given that the nature of the case
could admit of I therefore look forward, with confidence, to the re
sult of your Lordships impartial Judgment and equitable Decision.
I have the Honour to be &c &c &c
N" 35 Welbeck Street John Montresor.
20"1 January 1798.

Items mentioned in Captain Montresor 's Memorial to which Excep
tion was taken by the Auditors of the Treasury.
^591 to George Warden for Materials furnished for the use of the
works at New- York.
^356.10.8 — the amount of 70.000 feet of Pine Boards — the bill
of John Norris from 20 May to 31 December 1777.
^37 — to Elias Smith — to bills — same dates —
^110.15. 1. To John Post — Jonathan Hampton — John Gilles and
£1 100. = Paid Jonathan Hampton for 44 Contracted Carpenters
sent to Philadelphia between 1" April & 30 June 1778.
^54 — paid Peter Roberts for constructing redoubts on Staten
Island.
^1900 — Pennsylvania Currency for Carpenters work and Lumber
— bills of Thomas Hughes and John Norris — Philadelphia.
^4380 — Pennsylvania Currency — 5 Items of bills of Samuel Gris-
com James C. Fisher — George Wack — Wm Pearson & Thomas
Gouge. The above sum eventually paid to Pierre Nicole.
^900. Pennsylv* Currency for Iron and carpenters work to Pierre
Nicole.
^1127. Pennsylv8 Currency — 2 bills of Jaret Titmarsh & Gerardus
Vonstretchett.
^10.600.17.8. Pennsylvania Currency bills of Thomas Hughes —
John Barton Elias Foster — Leonard Wright — Richd Roseaman

542 APPENDIX.
— James Van Noort — Samuel Scotton — Rob' Evans — materials
for the works.
^8.700.6.3 — Pennsylv" Currency. Several Sums paid to. Elias
Smith — Thos Hughes — Jonathan Hampton — Wm Read — John
Lee — Wm Perkins — Samuel Griscom — Edmund Eldredge —
John Barton Valentine Parry — Tho5 Underhill — Thos M. King
— Dan1 Moore — Moses Shekkard, John Hall and Josiah Slater.
;£io.5 14.4s. iod. Pennsylvania Currency — several sums paid Daniel
Ebbeth — Thomas Underhill — Charles Field — John Slack —
Samuel Griscom — Daniel Offley and Son — Edward Stone —
Henry Gregory — John Southwood — Elias Smith — Daniel Moore,
Charles O. Doyle — Thomas Chapman & James Berry.
^4.401.17.6. Pennsylvania Currency several sums paid George
Slonga.

INDEX.

INDEX.

Abercrombie, Gen. James, 33, 34, 35,
45. 46, 48, 49. 5°. 5i» 52, 53. 59, 60,
61, 62, 63, 64, 116, 150, 151, 174,
253-
Abercrombie, Capt. James, 50, 62 ; 63,
85.
Abraham, Heights of, battle on the,
216, 232, 234.
Acadia, John Montresor's map of, 4.
Mountains in, 189.
Acadians, destruction of the villages of.
the, 190 ; dispersal of the, 195 ; 196.
Adair, Dr., m, 236; Mr., 17, 50, 55,
57, 65; 69.
./Etna, fire ship, 176.
Agnew, Gen. James, brigade of, 122 ;
.246; 444-
Aikin's Tavern, 445, 446, 448.
Albany, removal and erection of govern
ment buildings at, 5 ; military works
at, 11, 12, 16, 17, 21, 31, 35; new
road to, 16 ; militia of, at Fort Ed
ward, 26 ; paroled soldiers from Fort
"William Henry, sent to, 29 ; mechanics
from, on Saratoga works, 43 ; men
tioned, 89, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95 ; 96, 97,
98, 101, 102; 104; 105, 106, 109: no,
in ; 149, 150; sale of public store
houses, and new barracks at, 329-334;
trade of with New York, 330 ; riot
at, 377-
Albemarle, Lord, 135.
Albergatti. d', Marquis, 118.
Alcide, British frigate, 205, 217.
Alert, schooner, capture by the Ameri
cans of the, 8, 481 ; 537 ; mentioned,
420, 430; rescued, 481; returns to
Philadelphia, 483.
Alexander, Mr., 155.
Alexandria, Egypt, 71 ; ya., 147.
Alladad, ship, 155.
AUicocke, Joseph, counsellor of Sons of
Liberty, 349 ; 353, 370 ; son of mu
latto woman, 368 ; employed by the
Crown, 368.
Alleghany Indians, scalping by, 265.
35

Allen, Chief Justice, 66 ; Col. Ethan,
'39-
Allen's Provincials, 476, 489.
Almagne, d', Acadian village, 189.
Amazon, frigate, 502.
Amboy, 66 ; Americans surprised near,
421 ; British army at, 421 ; British
army returns to, 425.
America, British blunders in, 136.
American, army, 451, list of general offi
cers in, 490, movements of, 424, 425,
503, 504, evacuates Rhode Island,
512 ; battery, near Manto Creek, 473 ;
forces, at Shannock Hills, 424, at
Quibbletown, 425, on Hooper's Isl
and, 440, at Chad's Ford, 447, at
Newark, 448, at Turk's Head Tav
ern, 449, evacuate Fort Mifflin, 476,
477, maltreat market people, 486,
obstruct road to Bow Creek, 472,
feu de joie of, 468, surprised, 4^1,
486, 487, actions of the with Brit
ish at Bound Brook, 421, near Am
boy, 421, at Brandywine and White
Clay Creek, 444, 447, near Aikin's
Tavern, 445, near Downingtown,
453, near Jenkin's Town, 492, at Mud
Island, 464, near Salem, 483, at the
Black Horse, 484, at Smithfield, 484,
near Philadelphia, 485, '486 ; claim
office, compensation for losses to offi
cers by, 126 ; colonies, loss to Great
Britain of the, 135; Congress, answer
of to British Commissioners, 503, let
ters from British Commissioners to,
503 ; debt, amount of, 495 ; forts, on
Horn's Point and Greenberry Point,
Chesapeake Bay, 441 ; killed, wound
ed, prisoners and deserters, 451, 452,
462, 483, 491, 492, 496 ; loyalists,
battalion of, 510; militia, at Elk
Ferry, 442, stores, discovered by
British, 454 ; vessels, left at Elk,
443-
Amherst, Col. Wm., 66, 71, 84, 173,
3»9

546

INDEX.

Amherst, Gen. Sir Jeffrey, 65, 66, 67,
68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78,
80; 81, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,
92> 93, 94, 95, 96. 97. 98, 99. IOO>
ioi, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107,
108, 109, in, 116, 118, 119, 127,
142, 159, 161, 175, 218, 232, 241,
245, 248, 249, 251, 253, 321, 324,
353. 374, 3«9. 393. 5>5. 525-
Amherst's Regiment, 173, 177, 217.
Ance aux Feuilles, 321 ; arrival of
Bradstreet's army at, 280 ; treaty of
peace with Indians at, 526-531.
Ancienne Lorette, 525.
Andrew, the Huron, 307.
Andromeda, ship, 485, 494.
Angel, Col., 38.
Ann, ship, 154.
Annapolis, Nova Scotia, 81, 175 ; Aca
dians shipped from, 196.
Anspach, regiments of, 421, 497.
Anstruther's Regiment, 154, 173, 177,
196, 207; attack of Indians on, 208;
210; the 58th, 217; 219, 220.
Anticosti, island of, 198.
Antigua, stamps current in, 346.
Antony, Lieut. Col., sally at Louisbourg
of, 184.
Apple Island, 201.
Apollo, frigate, 428.
Apollon, 1', French frigate, 188.
Appy, John. 48, 49, 55, 59, 88, 89, 91,
93, 94, 95, 965 9^. 102, 103, 104,
108, in.
Apthorpe, Mr., 76; 77, no.
Aquagaw Indians, 275.
Aquakenok, 504.
Arc-en-ciel, frigate, 176.
Archer, John, 523.
Ardent, frigate, 502 ; 503.
Arethuse, 1', French frigate, 184, 188.
Armed, ship, 155.
Armilla, transport, 155.
Army. See American, British.
Arnold, Benedict, n8.
Arnot, Capt., 262 ; 385.
Artillerie, d', Regiment, 187.
Artillery, Royal, 341, 375, 384, 385,
388.
Artois, d', Regiment, 187.
Ash, Gilbert, 15.
Ashton, village of, 451.
Assarrigoa, Indian chief, 301, 303.
Assequesix, river, 282.
Aubnau, Point, Lake Erie, 321.
Auchmuty, James, 534.
Auchmuty, Miss, 6.
Auchmuty, Lieut. Samuel, 6 ; purchase
of commission for, 510.

Auchmuty, Rev. Samuel, 6.
Auditors of Accounts, appointed, 353.
Augusta, inhabitants of kill Indians of
Six Nations, 376 ; ship, explosion on,
470, burnt, 472.
Au Sable river, Bradstreet's forces at,
279.
Babcock's Regiment, 87, 94, 99, 100.
Bache, Mr., Sons of Liberty seize goods
on vessels of, 361.
Baddeck, 188.
Baker, Hyera, 95.
Balfour, Capt. Nisbett, aid of Sir W.
Howe, 418 ; Gen., 539.
Ball, Surgeon, 88.
Banyer, Goldsborow, 341.
Barbadoes, stamps current in, 346.
Barcelona, 147.
Bard, Wm., British Engineer of 35th,
340.
Bardwell, Lieut., 104.
Barachois, the, Cape Breton, 174.
Barons, Mr., 20, 21, 22, 27, 31.
Barr, Dr., 97.
Barracks, at Albany, site of, 329 ; dis
putes concerning, 341.
Barre, Col. Isaac, 138, 389, 390.
Barren Hill, Americans surprised at,
486.
Barres, Wallet des, 135.
Barrons, Capt. , master of sloop, 54.
Barrow, Mr., 57.
Barrow, Thos., 536.
Bartman, G., 17, 28,31, 32, 33, 64.
Barton, John, 541, 542.
Basset, Lieut. Thomas, 66, 106, no,
m, 119, 523.
Bastide, Col. John Henry, 62, 65, 66,
68, 71, 75, 76, 78, 79, 94, 142, 152,
'53, 154. «56, 175. '76, 228, 523.
Bastion Dauphin, Louisbourg, 172; de
la Reine, Louisbourg, 172 ; du Roi,
Louisbourg, 172 ; St. Jean, Quebec,
235 > Urseline, Quebec, 235.
Batier, Mr., 76.
Battiscaut, river, 241 ; village of, 240,
244.
Battery, British at Mud Island, taken
and retaken, 464, 465 ; near Philadel
phia, 466 ; in Boston Harbor, 401.
Baugh, Capt., no; John, 523.
Bayard, Mr., 12.
Baybut, Capt., 54.
Baylor, Col., 513.
Bay Verte, French troops for Louis
bourg at, 165.
Beardsley, Samuel, 523.
Beam, Battalion of, 18.

INDEX.

547

Beaubassin, Mr., 190.
Beauclerk, Lord George, 61.
Beaumont, compulsory allegiance to
England of the inhabitants of, 193.
Beauport, 215, 222, 223, 225, 226.
Beaver, sloop, 176.
Beckhouse, Lieut., 85.
Bedford, Mass., 123; Long Island,
troops from, 511, 512; frigate, 175;
216.
Beebe, Lieut., 99, 100, 106.
Beekman, Jno. Jacob, 74.
Beguemont, village of, 242.
Bell, Lieut., 32; Capt., death of, 224.
Belle Isle, purchased by Capt. John
Montresor, 6; 126.
Bellew, Capt., 32 ; 33.
Belligeur, French frigate, 180.
Belmont, Kent, residence of Col. John
Montresor at, burnt, 7, 8.
Bemont, Lieut., 106.
Bensell, Adolphus, 135.
Bergen Neck, capture of cattle by
Americans at, 507
Bergier, Paul, court martial on, 98.
Bernard, Gov. Francis, 66.
Berne, Switzerland, 7.
Berry, James, 542.
Berthier, compulsory allegiance to Eng
land of the inhabitants of, 194 ; 195,
246, 249.
Best, Mr., 17, 19, 20; 795,82.
Best's, 77 ; 109.
Betsey, Miss, 16.
Bevins' Ford, 419.
Bic, ile du, 199, 200, 207.
Biche, riviere au, 314.
Bienfaisant, le, French frigate, 185,
186, 187.
Bienport, Cote de, 207.
Billeting Act, colonists oppose, 350.
Billeting of troops in New York, 373,
374-
Billingsport, 137, 471, 477, 486, 483,
487, 489, 495, 499.
Bird Islands, 197.
Bird, Mr., 58, 59.
Birmingham, 516.
Black, Mr., 71.
Black Horse Tavern, the Americans
surprised at, 482.
Blakely's House, 467, 468, 470, 474,
475, 479-
Blakeney, Lieut., 105.
Blakeney's Regiment, arrives at Fort
Edward, 33 ; 77.
Bleiker, Mr., of Albany, surveyor, 395,
396.
Bless Point, 198.

Bloodgood, master carpenter, 393.
Bloody Pond, 99; encampment of
Gen. Amherst's troops near, 108.
Boddington, John, 22, 56, 59, 61, 65,
67. 77, 89, 100, 101, 103, 324, 327,
356, 3.89, 39C 461.
Boeuf, riviere au, 257.
Boffy, Lieut., 97.
Bogart, alderman of Albany, 396.
Bogert, Jacob, 75, 94, 96, 98.
Boishebert, M., in command of savages,
184.
Bohemia, fugitives from to British camp,
447-
Bombay Hook, 500, 501.
Bontein, Capt. William, 61, 81, 160,
162 ; capture of, 167 ; 175, 176, 523.
Boone, John, 44.
Boot, the tavern, in Goshen, 453.
Borden, Mr., house ofburnt, 490.
Bordentown, magistrates of refuse to
quarter troops, 122 ; houses burnt at,
490, 491.
Boreas, ship, 152, 176.
Boscawen, Edward, Admiral, 155, 169,
173, "75! fleet of, 154; 175, 176.
Bostick, Mr., 46.
Boston, 101, 147, 148; Acadians sent
to, 196 ; American frigate, 439 ;
British blunder of taking post at, 135 ;
capture by the French of vessels
from, 118; defence of, 120; distress
of the British garrison at, 120; evacu
ation of, 6 ; express from, 95 ; Gen.
Gage, commands at, 120 ; government
and people of, antagonistic, 375 ;
harbor, batteries in, 401, survey of,
404, 405, destruction of tea in, 532 ;
malcontents in, 402 ; number of in
habitants of in 1771,409; schooner,
278; 279; 292; works at, 123.
Botiser, Capt. of packet Gen. Wall,
79-
Boucherville, island of, 25 1.
Bougainville, M. , 242, 248, 249, 252;
Capt., 504.
Boulderson, Capt., 384, 385.
Bound Brook, rebels defeated at, 421. '
Bouquet, Col. Henry, 126; 311 ; com
mand of, 290; despatches from, 307;
expedition of against the Ohio In
dians, 299, 303 ; letters of, respect
ing Bradstreet's treaty, 526-531.
Bourlamarque, M. de, 242, 246, 248,
249, 250.
Bow Creek, Americans obstruct road to,
472.
Bowling Green, New York City, 353.
Bowyer, Mr., 64.

54«

INDEX.

Boyer, river, 194.
Braddock, Gen. Edward, 4, 8; stores
sent with, 62; 115, 116 ; defeat of, 8,
137 ; recovery at Quebec of howitzers
lost at defeat of, 234.
Bradstreet, Col. John, 49, 74, 90, ioo,
104, 1 19 ; despatch of troops to San
dusky under, 125; 136; Montresor's
journal of expedition of, 252-322; 255,
269, 270 ; 273, 274 ; terms of peace
between Indians and, 275 ; 276, 278 ;
number of forces of, 280 ; 281, 283,
284, 285, 286, 287, 288 ; grants of
land lo officers, proposed by, 289 ;
290, 291, 296, 298 ; order to, 299 ;
302, 304 ; troops of, embark for
Niagara, 311, encamp near River au
Roche, 312, shipwreck of, 312,
ordnance and ammunition buried by,
312, 314, in River au Roche, 313,
short of provisions, 315, 316, 317, at
Little Niagara, 318, at Niagara, 318,
embark for Ontario, 319, deserters
from, 319, itinerary of voyage of, on
Lake Erie, 321; 323, 330, 332, 333,
345, 393, 394. 397, 39§ ; 'reaty of
peace of, 526-531 ; letters of, 530.
Bragg's Regiment, 158, 160, 177, 207,
215; the 28th, 217; 219, 223; in
vestment of St. Ange Guardien by,
224.
Braham, William de, 135.
Braman, James, 523.
Branding of market people, 497.
Brandywine, battle of, Capt. John
Montresor at, 121 j 137; American
forces at, 444 ; 449-451 ; Americans
killed and prisoners at, 451 ; second
account of, by John Montresor, 515.
Bras d' Or, Le. See Labrador.
Brattle Square, 120.
Brazier, Mr., 58, 68, 76, 78, 85, 86,
94, 102, 103, 106, no.
Brehem, Lieut., plan of Ticonderoga by,
65 i 73, 74, 75, 9°, 108, 268 ; 523.
Breton, Cape, 151, 197.
Brewerton, Fort, 254, 255.
Brewington, alderman, permits Pren-
deigast to escape, 365.
Brewse, Capt. John, 46, 56, 61, 175,
176, 523.
Brilliant, French frigate, 180; store-
ship, 428.
Brine,  , commander of the Andro
meda, 494.
Bristol, Pa., 66, 485 ; R. I. burning of,
498.
British, administration, blunders of the,
'35. l36 i army, at Germantown,

458, at Amboy, 421, at Middle-
bush, 422, at Brunswick, 423, at
Rennet's Square, 449, bane of sub
dividing, 131, desertion of Hessians
from the, 501, discontent of the,
498, disposition under Sir Henry
Clinton of the, 503, evacuation of
Philadelphia by the, 499, force of, at
New York and Rhode Island, 510,
force of the, 497, marches from
Philadelphia to Gloucester Point,
499, moves from Halifax to New
York, 6, movements of, after battle
of Brandywine, 454, on Red Bank,
469, to cut off Lafayette, 492, 493,
to surprise rebels at Germantown,
494, at Westfield, 424, at German-
town, 467, provisions consumed
weekly by, 495, returns to Amboy,
425, to Staten Island, 426, at Ri-
kin's Tavern, 445, at the Brandywine,
449, line of battle of, 449, losses of,
517, wounded sent to Wilmington,
451, attacked by Gen. Wayne, 453 ;
capture Mud Island, 465, 474, 475,
476, 477; surprise Americans at
Chestnut Hill, 481, at the Black
Horse, 482, near Salem, 483, near
Haddonfield, 484, at Smithfield, 484,
at Bristol, 485, at North Wales, 487 ;
pursue Americans under Gen. Lacy,
488 ; attacked by Americans near
Jenkin's Town, 492 ; burn American
fleet on the Delaware, 490, 491 ; corps
of engineers, 141, 147; expedition to
head of Elk, 429-445 ; finances, 125 ;
fleet, encounters tempest, 433, enters
Chesapeake Bay, 437, anchors off the
Piankatank, 439, off Poplar Island,
440, at Sassafras river, 441, off An
napolis, Md., 441, at head of Elk, 442,
off the Capes, 462, in the Delaware,
463, recalled from the Chesapeake,
493, sails for England, 514; prov
inces, military experience of Capt.
John Montresor in, 115 ; regulars, at
Fort Edward, 36; Senate, Americans
informed by member of the, 138 ;
troops for New York City, 327.
Britannic, packet, 388.
Brooklyn, fortifications of, 6 ; Ameri
cans evacuate works near, 122, 132,
505-
Brotherhood, the Cat, 242.
Brown, Ensign, 18; Jacob, 43; Maj.
of 28th Regiment, 382, 384, 385, 386 ;
Lieut. George, 534.
Browning, Col., 254, 259.
Brown's Provincial Corps, 513.

INDEX.

549

Bruce, Robt. Geo., 523.
Brune, frigate, 482, 484, 492.
Brunswick, 66 ; Court of", 140, 141 ;
Ferdinand, Duke of, 139; Augusta,
Princess of, 140 ; fort, 524.
Buchanan, Capt., 59.
Buckwater's Ford, Gen. Washington at,
419.
Buffalo Creek, 265, 270, 273.
Baldwin, Capt., 339.
Bull's Head and Mouth, the, 455.
Burford, frigate, 175.
Burgoyne, Gen. John, 130, 131, 136,
428, 455 ; favorable accounts from,
464; messenger to, fails, 471, 472;
capitulates, 473.
Burk, the express. 103.
Burke, Edmund, 138, 140 ; Capt. of the
Hawk, 377.
Burlington, 66.
Burn, Capt., 485.
Burton, Col., 57, 215, 224, 246, 325,
366, 369, 370, 376, 3S1, 389.
Burts, Mr., 93.
Business, stagnation of in New York,
368.
Bute, frigate, 421.
Byron, Admiral John, delay of fleet of,
139; 245; 507, 512; pursues French
fleet, 502 ; damage by storm to fleet
of, 5°3-
Byron Island, 197.
Cabinet Planchi, 189.
Cadiz packet, mutiny of ordnance arti
ficers on board, 122 ; 499.
Cadwalader, Gen. John, 138, 447.
Cady, Sergt., 34, 45, 47.
Caen, Normandy, James Gabriel le
Tresor born in, 3.
Caenawagues, Indians, 275, 279, 280,
284, 288, 300, 301, 303 ; 306 ; op
posed to war with Delawares and
Shawanese, 310; to attack Delawares,
3""
Caesar, one, 85.
Caille, Point a la, houses burnt at, 195.
Callibogus, fort, 426.
Callow, Mr., 69.
Cambis, Regiment de, 180 ; 181; 187.
Cambridge, gallantry of Capt. John
Montresor at, 120.
Cameron, Capt., 95.
Camilla, frigate, 479, 482, 510.
Campbell, A., 523; Capt., 90; Col.,
35, 254, 269 ; Dugald, death of, 32 ;
Engineer, plan of, 47; Mr., 35, 59 ;
Lieut. Col. John, 498 ; sub-director,
63-

Camp Hill, Noddle Island, troops of Sir
Hovenden Walker, and of Sir Wm.
Pepperell, encamped on, 401.
Camp Johnson, fort at, seizure of rum
at, 87, 88.
Canada, prisoners from, 107 ; conquest
of, 118, 252; lands between Fort
Halifax and, 119; maps of, 392.
Canadians, manifesto to the, 218 ; order
of Gen. Murray against the paper
money of the, 232 ; success of Gen.
Murray's expedition against the, 235;
troops, 256, 269, 275, 282, 291.
Canajoharie, Indians, 275 ; village of,
49. 74. 75. "7. 122.
Canyesadaguss Indians, 275.
Canso, gut of, 156.
Cape Breton, 151, 197.
Capital of the King's, Louisbourg, 171.
Capitulation of Burgoyne, 472, 473,
Capricieux, French frigate, 185, 187.
Captain, frigate, 176, 209, 280, 505.
Carillon, battalion of Beam and Rou-
sillon at, 18; deserters from, 18 ; fort
at, 19 ; force of French army from,
38 ; abandonment of by the French,
232.
Carleton, Gen. Sir Guy, 219 ; governor
of Quebec, 372 ; 384, 3S5.
Carlisle, Earl of, 136; 497.
Carpender, Mr., 68.
Carpenter's Island, battery on surren
dered to the Americans, 467 ; 473 ;
redoubts on destroyed, 479.
Cartel, postponed by Washington, 481 ;
British Commission for, go to Ger
mantown, 483 ; at Newtown, 484.
Cartwright, Mr., 12, 45, 76.
Cary, Maj., commander of ist Battalion
of Royal Americans, 355.
Carysfort, frigate, 510.
Castle William, fort, 5, 120; Capt.
John Montresor's notes on, 399-410 ;
return of cannon in, 400 ; built by
Col. Wm. Romer, 401 ; difficulties
in repairing, 401-404 ; defects of,
405 ; cost of, 406 ; survey of, 404 ;
barracks of, 407 ; works at, 409 ; ex
pense for repairs of, 410; want of
water at, 410.
Castor, island, 247.
Cathcart, Lord, 485 ; command of, 507,
509.
Cayahuga, river, encampment of Brad
street's army at, 282.
Cayuga Indians, 256, 275.
Cecil Court House, 442 ; Knyphausen
encamps at, 444; 5r5-
Cedars, the, 119.

55°

INDEX.

Cedre, Pointe au, encampment of Col.
Bradstreet's army at, 283 ; council of
Indians at, 284 ; 322.
Celebre, le, French frigate, 185, 187.
Centurion, ship of war, 154, 225, 507.
Cesar, le, French war vessel. 504.
Chad's Ford, American camp at, 447 ;
449, 450, 451, 516.
Chaleurs, bay of, success of the English
in the, 245.
Chalmers, Capt, 348.
Chalmers' Provincials, 476.
Chambeaux, Pointe des, 237 ; 238 ;
239-
Chambers, Capt. of the Greece, 323.
Champlain, lake, Amherst's movement
to, 82 ; blockade of French vessels in
a creek of, 102, 103 ; despatches to
troops on, 246 ; 296 ; village of, 240,
242, 244.
Chapman, Thomas, 542.
Charles Lyon, transport, 155.
Charles, river, 207, 211.
Charlotte, sloop, 267 ; 268 ; 269; 277;
278.
Charlotte Temple, novel of, 4.
Charlton, Charles, American Quarter
master, captured, 496.
Chartres, fort, 332, 365, 384.
Chatacouen, encampment of the army
under Bradstreet 22 miles from, 281 ;
les ecores de, 280 ; river, 321.
Chateau Richer, destruction of the vil
lage of, 231.
Chedabucto, Acadia, 189.
Cheffant, M., French squadron under
command of, 180.
Che"ne, la riviere du, 239.
Cherokee, scalp of a, 307.
Chevre, le, French frigate, 188.
Chesapeake Bay, 130, 137, 148; British
fleet enter, 438.
Chestnut Hill, Americans surprised at,
481, 495; 497.
Chester, 131; 132; 134,452; British
fleet at, 459; 467,489.
Chewton, Lord, 425.
Children, mob of, in New York, 346,
349-
Chimere, le, French ship of war, 504.
Christie, Capt., 53, 89; Maj., 90, 94.
Christopher, Ensign, 105, no.
Circular to the Governors, 349.
Citadel, Bastion, Louisbourg, 173, 185.
Clae, La, M., 299.
Clapham, Mr., 526.
Clark, Mr., 60.
Clarkson, Mr., 14, 60.
Claverack, 54, in, 380.

Cleaveland, Brig. Gen., 120, 418 ;
thanks in general orders to, 477.
Clegg, Capt., 91, 92.
Clement, le, French ship of war, 504.
Clements, Mr., 15, 64, 71, 92, no.
Clergy, convention of in New York on
repeal of stamp act, 368.
Clerk, Gen. Robert, 14.3.
Clerk, Matthew, 50, 60, 61, 63.
Clifton's Provincials, 470 ; Roman Cath
olics, 489.
Clinton and Montgomery, forts, British
and American loEses at storming of,
468.
Clinton, Gen. Sir Henry, 116, 121 ;
127 ; complaints of Capt. John Mon
tresor against, 128; 130, 131, 137,
144 ; arrives in New York, 427, 503 ;
moves up Hudson River, 464 ; storms
forts Montgomery and Clinton, 468 ;
489, 490, 494, 497 ; British army at
Mt. Holly under, 500 ; 504 ; move
ments of, 505, 506, 507, 508, 510,
511 ; expedition of troops to Rhode
Island under, 511, 512.
Cochon, Isle au, 286 ; 287, 289, 290.
Coenties' Dock, 54.
Coeyman's. See Queeman's.
Coffee House, Merchants', in New York,
rendezvous of Sons of Liberty, 346.
Cohoes, the, 16.
Colden, Alex., Surveyor General, of
New York province, 347, 378, 379.
Colden, Cadwallader, Lieut. Gov. . arrest
of, 509 ; 120 ; burlesqued by Sons of
Liberty, 351 ; life of threatened, 352 ;
at Flushing, 361 ; not consulted by
Gov. Moore, 365.
Cole, Col. Edward, 146.
Collins, Lieut., 28.
Colonie, Regiment de, 241.
Colonists, billeting act, 350.
Colquhoun, Lieut., 179.
Colville, Lord, burnt in effigy, 342,
343! 369-
Colvin, Patrick, 44.
Comberford, Lieut., 31.
Commissioners, British arrive at Phila
delphia, 497 ; leave Philadelphia, 499.
Concord, 45 1 .
Congress, abandons Philadelphia, 455 ;
Indian, at the Miamies, 345, at Ger
man Flats, 374.
Connecticut, forces, at Fort Edward,
36; 105, 272, 275, 276; order for the,
105 ; Acadians sent to, 196 ; stamps
belonging to, held by Gov. Moore,
346. 355 ; inhabitants of defend their
Governor, 367 ; oppose new Governor

INDEX.

551

and Assembly, 369 ; disturbances in,
376 ; exchanged soldiers from, 506.
Conner, Capt., commands the Coventry,
352-
Convention of clergy on stamp act,
368 ; between Gates and Burgoyne,
472.
Convoy, Thames, 420, 421.
Conway, Gen. Thos., 425, 518.
Conway, Sec, letter of, respecting
stamp disturbances, 349.
Cooche's Mill, 446, 448.
Cook, Capt., 105.
Cooper, Dr., 120; Grey, 389.
Cooper's Ferry, 131, 481, 487, 497,
498.
Copley, portraits of Montresor family
by, 8.
Corby, Mr., 123.
Coriveau, M. , 194.
Cork, victualling vessels from, "511, 498,
5°7.
Corne, Lieut, de Ia, escort of prisoners
from Fort William Henry under com
mand of, 29.
Cornelia, John, a sawyer, 44.
Cornelia, one, a wagoner, 103.
Cornwall, ship of war, 507.
Cornwallis, Lord, 130 ; surrender of,
137; regiment of, 214, 220; 420,
446 ; defeats rebels at Bound Brook,
421; 451; posted near Chester, 452;
joined by Howe, at the White Horse,
454; near French Creek, 455; occu
pies Philadelphia, 458 ; 477 ; takes
possession of Red Bank, 478 ; at
Gloucester, 479, 480; 497, 516.
Cornwallis, the ship, 452, 488.
Corsica, 7.
Cortlandt, Mr., Sons of Liberty seize
lands of, 362 ; threatened by West
chester levellers, 363.
Coudres, isle aux, 203; 204; 205, 216,
229.
Couenoven, Francis, 44.
Council, held by desire of Six Nations,
306, 307 ; of Indians, 310.
Courtehose, William, 3.
Courts-Martial, 98, 101, 288, 289, 303,
3°5. 467-
Court of Enquiry, 64, 319.
Couting, Mr., m.
Coventry, Capt., 81 ; Lieut., 88, 89, 90,
93, 95, i°2-
Coventry, frigate, 329 ; guards vessel
with stamps, 336 ; family of Lieuten
ant Governor of New York seek pro
tection on, 338; 341, 366, 370, 371,
375. 3»4, 386.

Cowper, Jeffrey, 98.
Coxsackie, 54.
Cox, John, Ensign, captured by British,
496.
Cox, Mr., 54, 120.
Cranbury, 66.
Crary, Lieut., 32.
Craskell, Thomas, 523.
Crawford, Lieut., 103.
Crofton, Capt., 54; Lieut., 188.
Croghan, Col. George, attack on, 327 ;
331, 332 ; leaves Fort Pitt for the
Illinois, 380; 526.
Crosswick, 66.
Crowder, Mr., 509.
Crown Point, fort at, 19 ; 20 ; French
evacuate, 86; march of Gen. Am
herst to, 87; 89, 90, 91, 93, 94;
sketch of, 94, 97 ; 95, 96, 98, 99,
100 ; Gen. Amherst and army embark
from, 101 ; express from, 103 ; 104,
105, 106 ; Gen. Amherst and army
leave, 108 ; settlers at, 367.
Crown Point, in New York City, 372,
380.
Cruger's Wharf, destruction by fire of
Capt. Montresor's dwelling and store
houses on, 8, 126.
Culiere, la riviere de la, halt of Brad
street's expedition at, 283; 312, 322.
Cumly, Mr., 31, 41, 42; 43.
Cumming, Capt., an American, killed,
447-
Cunningham, Capt., 28; William, 523.
Curie, Sergt., 85.
Curtenies, Mr., 90.
Cuyler, Mr., 146.
Cygnes, la Riviere aux, 292.
Dallas, Capt., an American, killed, 447.
Dalrymple, Maj., 118 ; Col., 399, 407,
409.
Daly, Maj., command of, 275, 276.
Daly, one, chief carpenter of New York,
35°-
Daly, Quartermaster, 273.
Dans Camber, the, 15, 54, 70.
Danvers, danger of Gen. Gage at, 123.
D'Anville, Due, 401, 406.
Daphne, frigate, 482, 483, 500.
Darby, Col., 92, 93, 100.
Darby Road, 133.
Darby, 477, 482.
Darcy, Capt., 66, 70; Mr., 108, in.
Dartmouth, 154 ; attack by the Indians
near, 156.
Daubant, A., 523.
Dauphin, Bastion, Louisbourg, 175.

552

INDEX.

Davis, Capt., 339 ; of the Edward, 376;
Mr., 93.
Dawson, one, a provincial officer, insults
English officers, 382.
Dawson, Richard, 523.
Day, Edy, 44.
Day, Capt. Lieut., 228.
Deane, Simeon, arrives with French
treaty, 489.
Debbing, Capt. Hugh, 126, 175, 176,
245. 523-
De Barre, Gen., 518.
Debouillie, de, river, 315, 317.
Debt, American, amount of, 495.
De Couagne, Mr., 262.
De Callon, Capt., 252.
Deep Water Island. See Mud Island.
Defiance, 176.
Delancey, Mr., 350; O., judge at trial
of Pendegrast, 384 ; Peter, 347, re
signs as stamp officer, 340; sloop,
70. ¦¦
Delancey's Mills, West Chester, capture
of Americans at, 506.
De Lancy, Lieut., 534.
Delavall, Thomas, grant of Little Barn
Island to, 126.
Delaware, American frigate captured,
459, 460, 461 ; 478.
Delaware, Capes of, French fleet off the,
506.
Delaware Indians, 263, 266, 280, 292,
293, 294, 295, 296, 298, 299, 300,
302, 303, 304; towns of, 307, 310;
311 ; cabins of, abandoned, 307 ; en
treat for peace, 280 ; flight of, 306 ;
old fort of the, 297 ; terms of peace
between Col. Bradstreet and the,
275 ; with Croghan, 380. See Shaw
anese.
Delaware River, fortification at Mud
Island in the, 5 ; works on the, 119;
130, 132, 497, 498; sickness in the
British fleet on the, 500, 501 ; 503,
Si 1.
Demler, George, 13, 15, 16, 17, 21, 24,
25, 3°. 41, 46, 47, 51, 7o, 71. 75.
ioo, 150.
Demler, Mrs., 12; 16.
Denecher, Michael, 87.
Dennison, Mr., 60.
Denny, Gov. Wm., 66.
Denny's, British headquarters at, 505.
De Peyster, J., 74; Mr., 92.
De Pybu, Mr., 103.
De Ruynes, Engineer, 55; 60; Capt.,
64.
Deserters, from Bradstreet, 319; from
British, 444 ; from Americans, 445,

448, 460, 461, 467, 480, American,
from Wilmington, 492.
Deserts, les, Acadia, 189.
D'Estaing, Count, arrival off Sandy
Hook of fleet of, 504; list of fleet
of, 504; sends ships to the Delaware
river, 504.
De Ternay, Capt., 180.
Detroit, relief of the garrison of, 5,
119; river of, 119; 148 ; peace prop
ositions from Indians at, 252 ; 253 ;
vessels for, 266 ; works at, 268, 285 ;
268, 269, 273 ; Col. Gladwin com
manding at, 274 ; 276, 277 ; assembly
of Indian nations at, 278; arrival of
Col. Bradstreet's expedition at, 284,
285 ; oath of allegiance to England
administered to inhabitants of, 285 ;
garrison of, 286; 288; 292; Indian
council at, 288 ; number of Indians
possible to assemble at, 302 ; Indians
at discontented, 380.
Devil's Mountain, Acadia, 190.
Devoe, Aaron, 28.
Devonshire, frigate, 153, 164, 175, 206,
217.
De Wit, m.
D'Herbel, M., 118.
Diamond, Cape, Quebec, fortification
of. 233, 234.
Diana, frigate, 152, 153, 176, 205, 216,
236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242.
Diana, la, French frigate, 188.
Dick, Mr., 25.
Dickson, Robert, 30, 34, 41.
Dickson, Capt., 503.
Dies, John, 11, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24,
25. 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 43, 47, 52,
54, 55, 5», 61, 62, 64, 66, 67, 68, 71,
74, 75. 77. 78. 81, 82, 83, 86, 87, 94,
97, 98, IOI.
Dike, Lieut., 105.
Dilworth Town, 450, 452, 516.
Dindes, isle aux, 289.
Dispatch the, sloop of war, 506,
507.
Dissenters, of Scotland and North
America, coalition between, 391.
Disturbances at Albany, 377; at Pough
keepsie, 377.
Dixon, Capt., no, 175, 176; Mr., 126,
127; Maj., 6, 146 ; Matthew, 523.
Dobbs Ferry, 70.
Dominy Hook, 70.
Donaky, one, 34 ; Sergt., 47.
Donaldson, Col., 51.
Donop Count, 121, 137, 446; mortally
wounded, 469 ; repulse of forces un
der, 472.

INDEX.

553

Doughty, one, shopkeeper in the High
lands, dispossessed by mob, 361.
Douw.'Mayor of Albany, 337, 398.
Dow, Capt., 70.
Dowe, Capt., 46.
Dow, Volkert, 80.
Downing Town, 453.
Doyle, Charles O., 542.
Doyle, Lieut., 534.
Dragon, French frigate, 180.
Dragoons, 16th, 456 ; 16th and 17th,
499 ; 17th, arrive at New York, 427 ;
I7th, 479, 484, 487.
Drake,  , 140.
Drummond, Lord, 141.
Dublin, frigate, 152, 153, 164, 175,
216.
Deschambeau, 241.
Duche, M., sent to jail, 460.
Ducher, Maj., 85.
Duckafaux, Capt., 180.
Dudgeon, Richard, 523.
Duke Cumberland, packet, 343, 348,
362,363-
Du Lubin, Capt., 504.
Dumas, Maj., 241.
Dunbar, Mr., put to death for aiding
British army, 539.
Duncan, Maj., 254, 255, 256.
Dundass, David, 523; Wm., 523.
Dundonald, Earl of, death of, 167.
Dunmore^Lord, 126.
Dupas, island of, 247.
Du Quesne, fort, 4, 282. See Pitt.
Du Quougne, interpreter, 259.
Durell, Admiral Philip, fleet of, 204,
217.
Durkee, Maj., 80, 81, 86, 93, 99, 100,
102.
Durnford, Aug., 523 ; Elias, 523 ;
Gen., 144; Engineer, 162; Lieut.,
175. 176,. 377-
Durowe's regiment 209, 214, 223.
Dutch Church, ground purchased from
elders of, at Albany, 332 ; Mr. Laidlie,
minister of, preaches seditious sermon,
35°-
Dyer, Samuel, 120.

Eagle, frigate, 420, 428, 429, 486, 487,
494, 500, 501, 502.
Earthquake, shock of, 478.
East Bay, 19.
East Creek, post at, 82, 83.
Ebbeth, Daniel, 542.
Echo, 1', French frigate, 188.
Eden, Mr., 136, 497.
Edgecomb, Capt., 173.

Edward, Fort. See Fort Edward.
Edward, ship, 339, 376.
Effingham, American frigate, 490.
Egmont, the, 366.
Eiser, J. C„ 523.
Eldridge, Edmund, 542.
Elizabeth, ship, 151, 327.
Elisabeth Point, 66.
Elisabeth Town, 57, 504 ; American
force under Gens. Maxwell and Mor
gan at, 506.
Elk, American vessels left at, 443 ;
British expedition land ac head of,
442 ; troops from head of, 481 ; ferry,
British forces land at, 515; river,
148.
Elkton, British leave, 447.
Ellis, Sergt., court martial and sentence
on, 102 ; 103.
Emmerick's corps, 511, 513.
Engineers, British, department of, 79 ;
new establishment of, 89, 92, 93 ; dis
position after surrender of Louisbourg
of the, 175 ; orders to the corps of,
370; corps of, 517, 523; return of,
534-
English Neighborhood, American force
under Gen. Gates at, 503.
English, Indian discords an aid to the,
302 ; Six Nations enemies to the, 305.
Enmorandies, 181.
Entreprenant, French frigate, 185, 187.
Erie, fort, troops at, 275 ; new post at
Niagara named, 278 ; 284, 285, 301 ;
works at discontinued, 318.
Erie, Lake, John Montresor's map of,
253 ; 264, 265, 268, 269, 270; post at
the mouth of, 272, 273; 275, 298;
severe storms on, 312-317, 320.
Erie Portage, works at, 297, 299, 300;
Indian councils at, 300, 301, 302, 303.
Erskine, Sir Henry, 118.
Erskine, Sir William, 131 ; 444; recon
noitre of, 447 ; 456.
Esopus, 54.
Etna, fire ship, 158.
Etrangers, Regiment, 187.
Europe, ship, 153.
Evans, Robert, 542.
Execution, military, 452.
Expedition, British, A, B, 58; to the
Elk, forces on, 429.
Experiment, British gunboat, rescues
schooner Alert, 481 ; 482, 502. 510;
chased by French fleet, 511.
Eyres, Lieut. Col. William, 13, 34, 35,
47, 52, 57. 62, 64, 68, 71, 76, 79,
81, 85, 90, 93, 94, 97, 102, 103, 105,
106, 149, 152, 253, 523.

554

INDEX.

Falmouth, England, packet from, 21,
510; 148, 500.
Falmouth, transport, 154, 155.
Fanning's Provincial Corps, 504, 513.
Fanny, transport, 246.
Fantasque, le, French ship of war, 504.
Farmar, Mr., 54.
Farquhar, Col., 105 ; Capt., of the
Polly, 386.
Farrell's, 35, 45, 46, 47, 51.
Fatland Ford, 419, 457.
Faucett, William, Col., 391.
Fellows, Capt., 83.
Felthousen, John, 20.
Fenton, Mr., 85.
Ferdinand, Prince, victory of, over the
French, 101.
Ferguson, Mr., 82 ; Secretary to British
Commissioners, 136, 497.
Feviers, la pointe aux, encampment of
Col. Bradstreet's troops at, 292.
Ferrington, Brig. Maj., 461.
Ferris, Capt., provincial, 83.
Fesch, Capt., 29.
Fidelle, la, French frigate, 188.
Field, Charles, 542.
Fielding, deserter, 88 ; Harriet, 4 ;
Henry, 4 ; Sir John, 4.
Finch, Capt., of the Grenadiers, death
of, 426 ; one, a leveller, reward for,
365-
Fisher, Ensign, 70; Mr., 125.
Fisher, James C., 541.
Fish-hawk, schooner, 245.
Fishkill, American forces move to, 513 ;
bank of the, 41.
Fister, Mr., 79.
Fitch, Lieut., 86.
Fitch's Regiment, 78, 87.
Fitzpatrick, Capt., British commissioner
of cartel, 484.
Flathead, Indians, 300 ; Delawares
informed by one, 306.
Flat island, 198.
Fleet, American on Delaware, burnt,
478, 490, 491 ; British, sails from
New York, 429, off mouth of Dela
ware, 431, off Annapolis, 441, in the
Elk, 441, of transports, 482, sails for
England, 514.
Fletcher, Capt., 31, 32, 38; death of,
224.
Fleming, Capt., 89.
Flinn, Mr., 91.
Flora, ship, 420.
Flushing, L. I., 510; 512.
Ford, George, of Pasoosy Island, 441.
Foin, island of, 251.
Folle avoine, production of, 293.

Forage, British party, 445, 480.
Forbes, Col., 47,48,49, 59; Brig., 62,
63; Gen., 152.
Forbes' Regiment, arrival at Fort Ed
ward of, 33; 77, 83, 177, 296.
Forman, Rd., 322 ; William, paymas
ter, 381. 536.
Forster, Capt., 69.
Forsyth, Mr., 82.
Fort, American at Red Bank, 465.
Fort Ann, encampment of the French
near, 22.
Fort Edward, stores for, 11, 16, 17,44,
64; payments at, 12; works at, 17,
18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28, 33, 34, 46,
48, 49, 50, 78, 148, 149, 150, 151 ;
tampering of a French officer with
soldiers at, 19 ; survey near, 21, 27 ;
attack of French Indians on carpen
ters at, 22 ; 23 ; signals between Fort
William Henry and, 24 ; 25 ; ar
rival of Sir William Johnson and
Lord Howe at, 26, 27 ; departure of
paroled officers and men from, 29 ;
French escort of prisoners to, 29 ;
armament of, 30; arrival of Forbes
and Blakeney's regiments at, 33 ;
capabilities of, 36, 39, 40 ; regulars
and provincial troops at, 36 ; people,
36 ; council of war at, 38 ; plan of,
48; 51; barracks burnt at, 53; 59;
plan of block-house at, 6*9; 70, 74,
75. 76, 77. 78, 81, 83, 84, 85 ; rein
forcement of, 88; 89, 90, 91, 97, 99;
repair of, 101 ; 104, 105, 106, 107,
109 ; defence by Capt. John Mon
tresor of, 117 ; journal of Capt. John
Montresor at, 148-151 ; completion
of works at, 150; 152; orders for
evacuation of, 352.
Fort George, New York City, 5 ; de
fence of, 120; names of, 327.
Fort George, state of the garrison at,
104 ; 106, 109, 1 10. See Fort Wil
liam Henry.
Fort Halifax, lands between Canada
and, 119.
Fort Hunter, 97.
Fort Independence, Capt. John Montre
sor's surprise of, 121.
Fort Miller, 77, 91, 106.
Forts, in New York province, report on,
343- 344-.
Fort Stanwix, plans of, 65 ; 70, 71, 73,
78, 79, 80, 85, 254, 256.
Fort, Old, of Sandusky, 306.
Fort Washington, 123.
Fort William Henry, stores for, 11; 13,
14, 16, 17; French drive party into, 20;

INDEX.

555

22, 23, 24. 25 ; French invest, 23-27 ;
reinforcement of, 23, 25, 39 ; council
of war at, 24, 37 ; signals between Fort
Edward and, 24; works at, 24; 37;
force of French before, 26 ; capitula
tion of, 28; 29 ; 30; excesses of the
Indians after capitulation of, 28; 29 ;
destruction of, 28 ; 29 ; embarkation
of the French from, 30 ; naval force
at, 37. 38i 49! attack on, 117, 149,
218.
Fort William, in Scotland, Maj. Mon
tresor Lieut. Gov. of, 3, 124.
Forth, Lieut. Arthur, 534.
Foster, Elias, 541.
Foster's Mill, 123.
Four Mile Post, 92, 106.
Four Nations, Indians of the, 275.
Fox, Mr., 138,140, 146.
Fox, frigate, captured and rescued, 439.
Fox Indians, 257, 275.
France, rebels' remittances to, 137.
Franklin, Benjamin, meeting of Lord
Howe with, 136 ; 138, 140.
Franks, Justice, 254.
Frazer, Andrew, 523 ; Brig. Gen. Si
mon, 118.
Frazer's Highlanders, review of, 68 ;
177, 196, 217.
Frederick, Mr., 75, 76; letter of Col.
James Montresor to, 87.
F'rederick, fort, abandonment by the
French of, 232.
Freehold Courthouse, American loss in
the action of. 501.
French armed ship captured, 494.
French army, before Fort William
Henry, force of, 38 ; flag, in posses
sion of Oneida chief, 308 ; fort be
tween Lake Sandusky and Lake Erie,
297 ; fleet, movements of, 503, 506,
508 ; Indians, Capt. Putnam's attack
on, 18; 19 ; officer; killed, 493 ; pris
oners, 108, 109; treaty, 489; vessel
for the, built in New York. 365.
French, Lieut., 106; Quartermaster,
53; Mr., Secretary of Governor
Moore, 358.
Frontenac, Fort, 253.
Fry, Col., 28 ; provincials under, 30.
Fulsom, Capt., 104.
Fundy's, no.
Furnis, Maj. James, 14, 17, 28, 55, 57,
60, 63, 64, 65, 68, 78, 80, 83, 84, 85,
86, 87, 99, 102, in, 386.
Fyers, Lieut., 131, 517.
Gabarus bay, British fleet arrive in, 157,
180 ; action in, 157 ; 158, 180.

Gage, Gen. Thomas, 57, 64, 71, 75, 77,
78 ; arrival at Johnson's Camp from
Ticonderoga of, 85 ; 88, 90, 95, 104,
no, 116, 119; danger at Danvers of,
123; tlielt of papers of, 135; 136,139,
140, 253 ; disapproves Bradstreet's
treaty, 298 ; demands Indian murder
ers, 299, 301 ; despatches to Col.
Bradstreet from, 298, 302 ; appointed
Commander-in-chief, 321 ; letter of
respecting removal of barracks at Al
bany, 333 ; orders survey of New
York, 342, 344 ; orders report on
New York forts, 343 ; letter of to
ministry respecting billeting act,
350 ; instructions of respecting Castle
William, 399, 409 ; 526 ; letters of
to Bouquet respecting Bradstreet's
treaty, 527-531.
Gaine, Hugh, printer, 58, 135.
Galatea, ship of war, 512.
Galots, Isle aux, 241, 251.
Galloway, Joseph, 123, 129 ; owner of
Mud Island, 417; Supt. of police at
Philadelphia, 539.
Gallows Hill, Louisbourg, 169.
Gambier. Admiral James, 502 ; succeeds
Lord Howe, 513.
Game, great quantity and variety of,
at Bradstreet's camp, 308.
Gardiner, Dr.,. 123; Mr., 104, 146;
Maj., 465.
Garland, frigate, 326, 328, 336, 341,
352, 361, 37i- , ,
Garth, Lt. Col. George, 65, 69, 70, 73,
77, 78, 86, 93, 103, 104, 105, 106,
109, 144, 523.
Gaspe, 174, 196, 198.
Gates, Capt., 25, 64; Gen., 472, force
at English Neighborhood under, 503.
Gautier Bay, 180; 181.
Gaylard, Capt., 99.
Gazette, Holt's, licentiousness of, 353 ;
seditious article in, 365, 369.
General Wall, packet, 67, 79.
Genessee Indians, castles of the, 266 ;
peace granted to, 299; 301.
Genoa, packet, 206.
Gentilly, oath of fidelity administered
to the parish of, 242.
George, Fort. See Fort George.
George, Island, 154; 155; landing of
British troops on, 156.
George. Lake, Gen. Amherst encamps
at, 78 ; works at, 79, 80 ; fight on,
81 ; 87, 109, 296.
George III., 6 ; mutilation of the statue
of, 123; birthday of celebrated in
New York, 371.

.56

INDEX.

Georgia, the governor of, enforces
stamp act, 348.
Germaine, Lord George, 127, 145, 147.
German troops in American service,
518.
German Flats, works at, 13 ; French
and Indian attack on, 49.
Germantown, action at, 129, 130; 132,
138, 485 ; British army at, 458,
463 ; 467 ; British Commissioners
meet American Commissioners at,
483 ; British movement on, 494.
Germantown, Boston Harbor, 408.
Geyser, ship, 352.
Gibraltar, 3, 4, 7 ; letters from, 63 ; 69 ;
Skinner and Patoun's scrape at, 101 ;
Capt. John Montresor s services at,
116; siege of, 124; 147.
Gilles, John, 541.
Gilliams (Gillian), Henry, 22, 30, 41.
Gladwin, Col. Henry, 5, 253, 274, 286.
Gladwin, schooner, 269, 273, 276, 277,
290.
Glasgow, victuallers from, 512.
Glass House, the, 59 ; 60 ; 66 ; 68 ;
70.
Glass House, the old, at New Windsor,
burnt, 329.
Glazier, Col., 32, 38.
Glegg, Capt., 97, 104.
Glen, Col., 52.
Glenn, Governor James, 96, in.
Gloucester, Cornwallis at, 479 ; 483,
499-
Goat's Island, 180, 182.
Goddard, Assistant Engineer, 160.
Goddard, Capt., 321, 371, 375.
Godwin, Lieut., 253.
Goelet, Mr., 90.
Goldfrass, Mr., 87.
Gony, Mr., barber, 69.
Goodridge (Goodrich), Capt., 343, 362,
365.
Goose Cape, 203.
Goram, Capt., 216, 229.
Goram's post, 231.
Gordon, Harvey, 12.
Gordon, Capt. Henry, 12, 17, 18, 26,
28, 30, 31, 32, 34, 38, 45, 46, 48, 49,
5', 53, 58> 62, 63, 64, 65 ; plan and
journal of, 65; 66, 77, 92, 93, m,
144, 148, 152, 321, 322, 323, 326,
337. 345. 347, 360, 365, 380, 523.
Gordon's Ford, 419, 457.
Gordon, Stilt, 58.
Goshen meeting, 452.
Gosport, ship, 151.
Gouge, Thomas, 541.
Gould, Mr., 13.

Goutte, Commodore, le Marquis de, 179.
Governor's Island, Boston Harbor, 401;
New York Harbor, 132, surveyed by
Capt. Montresor, 386.
Governors, provincial, circular letter to,
349-
Gown's, Mr., 121.
Goyougouin, bay of, 25 \
Grace, Ensign Carnis, captured by Brit
ish, 496.
Grace, ship, 385.
Graham, Gordon, Maj., 86; Lieut., 97,
100.
Gramont, le due de, sloop of war, 153,
154. 156, 158, 176.
Granadas, the, stamps current in, 346.
Granby, Lord, 389, 390, 391, 392.
Grand Caverns, Louisbourg, 185.
Grande Riviere, 313, 314, 322.
Grant, Gen. James, 131, 143; at Aik
in's Tavern, 445; 448, 451, 499, 515,
516; Col., 33, 45.
Grant, Capt., 102, 104, 105.
Grant, John, paymaster, 420, 534, 536,
540.
Gray, Ensign, 81 ; Lieut., 90, 91, 105.
Gray's Ferry, 133, 134, 467, 469.
Gray's Hill, near Elk, 443.
Grayson, Gen. William, corps of, 518.
Green,. Captain William, 46, 47, 49, m,
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 60, 62, 63,
64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 77, 78, 79,98, 218,
523-
Greenberry Point, 441.
Greene, Gen. Nathaniel, 517, 518.
Green Hill, Louisbourg, 162, 163, 164,
165, 167, 168, 169.
Green Island, 201.
Green, ship, 323.
Greenwich, 69.
Gregory, Henry, 542.
Grenville, George, 139 ; effigy of burnt,
342. 343; 35o.
Grey, Gen. Charles, Earl, joins Knyp-
hausen, 444 ; attacks Gen. Wayne,
455 ; expedition of to Martha's Vine
yard, 513.
Greyhound, frigate, 420, 483, 485, 4S9,
494, 5°3-
Griffith, Mr., 66.
Griscomb, Samuel, 128, 129, 541, 542.
Grondines, Les, 238, 239, 240; church
of, 239; bar of, 240.
Gually, Mr., 73.
Guden, Mr., 509.
Guerrier le, French ship of war, 504.
Guienne, Regiment of, 30, 245.
Gullian. See Gillian.
Givin, Maj., 485.

INDEX.

557

Haas, de, Gen. John Phillip, 518.
Hacket, Maj., 56, 64.
Haddonfield, 481 ; Americans surprised
near, 484 ; Gen. Knyphausen posted
at, 499.
Hagenboom, in.
Haldane, Lieut. Col. Henry, 144;
wounded, 446; 467, 492, 517, 539.
Haldimand, Gen. Sir Frederick, 7, 116 ;
correspondence of, 531-533.
Half Moon, post at, 17 ; 34, 35, 4S) 46,
47. 49. 50, 51, 76, 77. 95. 102, 107,
109, 149, 150.
Half-way Brook, 84, 88, 99 ; post at,
100; 105.
Half-way Run, 22, 25, 29.
Halifax, town of, 6, 15 ; stores at, 46,
56 ; war material at, 60 ; 147, 148 ;
Col. Bastide chief engineer at, 152-
153 ; encampment opposite, 154; en
gineers at, 175; troops from Louis
bourg for, 175 ; stamps current in,
346 ; 507 ; the packet, 339.
Hall, Lieut., 347 ; John, 542.
Hallam, Lieut., Sons of Liberty hostile
t°, 353 ; life of threatened, 354.
Hallet's Cove, 508.
Hamet, packet, 500.
Hamilton, Mr., 29, 59, 155 ; death of,
224 ; H., 135 ; Lieut., 510.
Hamilton's House, 469.
Hammond, Capt., of the Roebuck, 460.
Hampshire, frigate, 152, 153.
Hampton, Jonathan, 541,. 542.
Hampton, Va., 147.
Harcourt, Lieut. Col., excursion of,
455-
Hardie, French frigate, 180.
Hardy, Admiral Sir Charles, 152, 154,
155, '59; pursuit of French vessels by,
164, 165, 169; 166; fleet of, 173.
Hardy, Maj., 209.
Hare island, 202.
Harlem, Montresor's Island near, 6,
126 ; action on Vandewater's Heights
near, 121.
Harriot, C. H., 523.
Harrison, Mr., 30 ; George, 341 ; En
sign, death of, 83.
Hart, Lieut., 511.
Hartford, 59 ; revolutionists at, 347.
Hartley, Col. Thomas, corps of, 518.
Harvey, Maj., no.
Hasel's Ferry, Americans retreat to,
453-
Hastings, Capt. , 86 ; arrest of, 93 ;
court martial on, 95, 96, 97 ; sentence
of, 97.
Haswell, Mary, 4 ; Robert, 4, 63, 69,

m, 218; Robert Jr., 4; Susanna,
4 ; William, 4.
Hathorn, Capt., 370.
Hautville, Col. de, 3 ; Nanon de, 3.
Haviland, Col., 246, 248, 250.
Havilland, Capt., 345, 346.
Hawk, ship of war, 174, 176, 328, 377.
Hawkins, Mr., 12, 14, 25, 55, 57, 64,
69. 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82,
83, 87, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 102,
103, 104, 106, no.
Hay, Capt., 97, 99, 100 ; Lord Charles,
ISi-
Hazen, Capt., 216; scout of, 227.
Heard, Gen., 136.
Heath, Joseph, 523.
Heathcote, Capt., of the Royal Artil
lery, insulted by Sons of Liberty, 383.
Hebert, one, a servant, 15, 19, 20, 25,
27, 103, 106.
Hector le, French frigate, 504.
Heister, Gen. de, 422, 428.
Hell Gate, ba'tery at Horn's Hook
near, 506.
Hemstreat, John, 13.
Hendrick's, corps, 518.
Herlopen Cape, 502.
Hepburn, Dr., 104.
Herkimer, Fort, 73, 254.
Herkimer's, road to, 71.
Hesse Cassel, John Montresor at, 141 ;
English customs introduced by Hes
sian troops in, 141.
Hessians, 121; 2d regiment of, 427;
missing, 443; 446, 469, 470; ex
changed, 486, 500 ; cross the Dela
ware, 498 ; 499.
Hicks, George, 86.
Highlanders, the, 49, 67, 75, 89, 90,
150, 169, 214, 217, 223, 226, 232,
238, 275, 347, 373.
Highlands, the, 54, 70.
Hill, Mr., 30; Capt., 83.
Hillegar, Mr., 119.
Hillsboro, 130.
Hillsborough, Lord, order of, 119.
Hillsborough redoubt, 405.
Hind, frigate, 153; 154, 155, 176, 204,
216, 369.
Hind's, Regiment, 513.
Hoboken, 15, 17.
Hogan, one, 16.
Hogan's sloop, 75.
Hog Island Bar, 476.
Hogs, rattlesnakes extirpated by, 274.
Hokesson Meeting House, 448, 516.
Holland, Capt., 533.
Holmes, Admiral, 209, 210; Capt.,
108 ; Jenny, 10S.

558

INDEX.

Holt, printer, licentiousness of his Ga
zette, 353, 365, 377.
Homespun, manufacture of encouraged,
368 ; Sons of Liberty throw off, 369.
Hood. See Hud.
Hook, the, 59.
Hooper's Island, rebels on, 440.
Hopkins, Col., 364.
Hopson, Gen., expedition under, 35; 61.
Hopson's Regiment, 160, 177.
Horn's Hook, battery at, 506.
Horn's Point, American fort on, 441.
Horses, number of in British arm/, 494.
Horsemanden, Judge, tries Prendergast,
384.
Hotham, Commodore; 502.
Hovenden, Capt., 495.
Hovenden's Provincial Dragoons, 488 ;
at Cooper's Ferry, 490.
Howard, Capt., 105, 287.
Howard, Chief Justice of North Caro
lina, rewarded and employed by Lord
Rockingham, 372.
Howe, Lord George Augustus, arrival at
Fort Edward of, 26 ; 30, 48, 49 ; regi
ment of, 49; 50, 57, 62; 63.
Howe, Lord Richard, 6 ; meets Benj
amin Franklin, 136 ; bon mot of
141 ; 428, 441, 485, 486, 487, 494,
500, 501, 504, 507 ; fleet of leaves New
York, 509, 511 ; resignation of, 513.
Howe, Sir William, John Montresor on
staff of, 6, 146; 116, 121, 123; letter
of, 127 ; neglects John Montresor,
' 127; 128; criticism on, 130; 137,
, 140, 144; issues general order of
thanks, 145; 146, 212, 227, 389; at
Amboy, 421 ; expedition of, to the
Chesapeake, 428; 441; joins Corn
wallis, 454 ; adverse remarks on oper
ations at Mud Island, 467 ; crosses the
Schuylkill, 480; interview of, with
Gen. Chas. Lee, 484 ; recall of, 484 ;
485, 491 ; sails for England, 493, 494 ;
discontent of the army at departure
of, 498; 515, 540.
Howes, Mrs., "the two," 106.
Howell's Tavern, 454.
Hud, Zacharias, stamp master, at Flush"
ing, 340.
Hudson's liver, draught of, 55 ; 379.
Hughes, Ann, 101 ; Lieut., 327 ; Thos.,
54', 542.
Hunter, Capt., of the Elizabeth, 327;
Col., 35, 46; Mr., 59, in; Mrs.,
21.
Hunter, the, ship of war, 153, 157, 176,
202, 216.
Hurbert, Lieut., 49.

Hurley, Ensign, of 44th Regiment, exe
cuted for desertion by British, 463.
Huron, Andrew the, 307.
Huron Indians, 258, 275 > terms of
peace between Col. Bradstreet and
the, 275 ; ask for peace, 280 ; sum
mons of Col. Bradstreet to the, 283 ;
288, 291, 293, 298, 299, 300 ; death
of chief of, 301. 302; 303, 304; give
news of flight of Delawares, 306, 307 ;
311, 312; villages of, 288, 290, 293,
295. 296, 299.
Huron, Lake, 267,291.
Huron, River, chart of the mouth of,
286, 312, 322.
Hussar, galley, launched, 486.
Hutchins, Lieut., 100, 139.
Hutchinson, Gov. Thomas, 399 ; in
structions of Gen. Gage laid before,
409; 531, 532.
Hutchinson, British D. Ad. Gen., order
of for departure from Philadelphia,
493-
Hyde, Lord, packet, 347, 486.
Hylton, Engineer, death of, 55.
Hynd, ship of waf, 176.
Illinois Indians, message to the, 284 ;
country of the, 300.
Illinois express, arrives in New Orleans,
327-
Impressment of seamen, 150.
Inchisburg, Heights of, 121.
Independents, Guard of, 109.
Indian, congress, 270, 271, 272, absence
of Seneca chiefs from, 274 ; 275, 345,
374; councils, 258, 259,264, 271,
290 ; at Erie portage, 300, 302, 303 ;
fort, old, 297.
Indians, number of, at Sandusky, 305 ;
from Detroit, arrive at Bradstreet's
camp, 308, 310; treacherous designs
of, 328 ; assembled on the Miami to
attack Bradstreet, 309 ; of the Upper
Nation, enemies to the Delawares
and Shawanese, 311; Delaware and
Shawanese killed, 327 ; attack of, on
Croghan, 332 ; killed by people of
Augusta, 376 ; with Croghan, 380 ; at
Detroit, discontented, 380 ; to join
the British, 421; Bradstreet's treaty
with, 526-531 ; massacre by, 528.
See also under the special name.
Infantry, British Light, 446; recon
noitres of, 447, 487.
Ingersoll, Capt., 21, 30; Mr., 44.
Inniskillingers, Regiment of, 109.
Instructions of Gen. Gage to Capt.
Montresor, 409.

INDEX.

559

lonitz, Baron, an American officer, cap
tured, 445.
Iron Hill, British troops at, 444, 446 ;
448.
Iron Works on French Creek, Pa., 324.
Iroquois, Indians, belt from Pontiac to
the, 286, 287 ; 294 ; remains of an
Indian fort for defence against the,
297.
Isis, ship of war, 476, 484, 501, 510.
Islam, ship, 155.
Island Battery, Louisbourg, 174.
Island, Twelve Mile, 322.
Isle aux Noix, command at, 242 ; re
ported capture of, 246 ; French force
at, 248, 249 ; 250, 252.
Isle-au-Perrot, 118.
Isles de Quatre Vents, les, 324.
Isthmus, Lake Erie, 322.
Jackson, Mary, 98.
Jacques Cartier, French at, 232.
Jacques Cartier, river of, 237 ; fort at,
capture of, 118; 239, 240 ; village of,
525-
Jagers, the, 487.
Jamaica, L. I., temporary headquarters
of Sir Henry Clinton at, 508.
Jamaica, W. I., stamps current in, 346;
507.
Jambon, Lavu de, 191.
James' Dragoons, of Chester County,
Pa., 488.
James, Capt., 69 ; Maj., threatened by
New York populace, 336, house of,"
sacked, 337, embarks for England,
339, returns to New York, 369,
house of, threatened, 369, indemnity
for, 370, 380, threatened again, 383.
Jeffries, Capt., of the Britannic, 388.
Jeffries' Ford, British forces cross, 499.
Jemmy, one, 77.
Jenkins' Town, action near, 492.
Jenks' fulling mill, capture of Ameri
cans at, 495, 496.
Jersey, New, evacuated by the British,
426.
Jersey troops, Sergeant of, missing, 316.
Joachim, scout to, 216, 228.
Johnson, Sir John, 389.
Johnson, Col., death of, 85.
Johnson, Gray, 79.
Johnson, Maj., 121.
Johnsone, Mr., 51.
Johnson, Sir William, arrives at Fort
Edward. 26, 27, 149 ; express from,
49; 263, 270, 271, 274, 278, 302,
332 ; congress of Indians to meet,
374-

Johnson's Camp, 23, 24, 37, 78, 79, 81,
82; arrival of batteaux with scalps at,
83; arrival of Provincials at, 83;
celebration of capture of Ticonderoga
at, 85 ; arrival of Gen. Amherst and
army at, 108 ; inspection of works at,
108, 109.
Johnson's Landing, 258.
Johnson, transport, 258, 260, 263, 264,
265, 266, 269, 270, 272, 274, 318 ;
wreck of, 320.
Johnstone, Capt., 90.
Johnstone, Gov., 136, 139.
Johnston, Gen., 497.
John Thomas, transport, 155.
Jones, Gen. Daniel, 144; Gen. ,485.
Josephson, Mr., 39.
Joy, John, 537, 538.
Juno, frigate, 176.
Kamuraska, islands of, 202, 203.
Kataraquil, 248.
Keech, Mr., 19; 50.
Kettar, Engineer, 142, 218, 228.
Kennebec River, fort Halifax on the,
119.
Kennedy, Capt., engineer, 168; Capt.
of the Coventry, superseded, 338,
352 ; house of threatened, 343.
Kennedy's (43d) regiment, 217.
Kennedy's Island, 121.
Kennett's Square, Knyphausen at, 448 ;
British army at, 449 ; 516.
Kennington Cove, 160, 161, 162; cap
ture of men by Indians near, 161.
Kennington, sloop, 176.
Kensington, ship, 158.
Kenute, Jacob, 35.
Keppel, Capt., 485.
Kickapoo. See Quicapou.
Kilby, Mr., 66, 68; provision store of
at Albany, 332, 394, 395. 397-
Kill Buck, Indian chief, 302.
Killingbeck, B., profile likeness of Gen.
Wolfe by, 5.
Kinderhook, 15, 70, III.
King, Thos. M., 542.
King George, ship. 1 76.
King Thomas, Indian chief, 303 ; 308,
King's Bastion, Louisbourg, 171, 174.
King's birthday, anthem for the, 104;
106, 261.
King's Bridge, Cox's tavern at, 123;
march of troops to, 505 ; skirmishes
at and near, 511 ; attack on outpost
near, 512.
King's College, Commencement of, 367.
King's shipyard, New York, 506.

560

INDEX.

Kingston, frigate, 176.
Kip's Bay, landing of British force at,
121.
Kirkbright, Mr., house of burned, 490.
Knap, John Coghill, placarded, 342.
Knight, Mr., 146.
Knyphausen, Lieut. Gen., 141, 428,
encamps at Cecil Court House, 444 ;
445 ; troops of at Aikin's tavern,
446 ; at Kennett Square, 448 ; head
quarters of, 453 ; in command at
Philadelphia, 480; 497, 516.
La Badick, 188.
Labrador, Lake, journal of a route from
Louisbourg to, 188-192.
Labrador Mountain, 191.
Lac, Fort du, 303.
La Clae, M., furnishes supplies to In
dians, 299.
Lac, Le Point du, 302.
Lacy, Gen. , retreats before the British,
488.
Lady Gage, ship, 123.
Lafayette, Gen., soldiers of killed, and
taken prisoners, 493 ; landing of
force of, in Rhode Island, 510.
La Galette, 242, 256.
La Grande Riviere, 282.
Laidlie, Rev. Dr., seditious sermon of,
350.
Lamb, Mr., 13, 69.
Lamb, counsellor to Sons of Liberty,
349;
Lamb Act, repealed by Sons of Liberty,
369 ; repeal revoked, 370.
Lancaster, frigate, 175.
Lancaster, town of, 347, 516.
L'Ance, de la Petite Isle, 283.
L'Ange Guardien, action at the village
of, 215; scout to, 216; destruction
of, 230, 231.
Languedoc, Battalion of, 18, 252.
Languedoc, le, French ship of war, 504.
La Noraye, 249, church of, 250, 251.
Lansing, John, 12.
La Petite Isle, 297, 302.
La Pierre, Isle, 287.
Laroux, Mr., 15.
La Roque, Mr., engraves maps of Capt.
Montresor, 392. *
La Sarre, Battalion of, 18 ; Lieut, of,
29.
La Saline, 290.
Lascelles Regiment, review of, 66; 160,
177, 196, 207, 215, 217, 219, 227.
La Sensible, French frigate, 489.
Lasher, Gen. John, 136.
Latouche, Mr., 69.

L'Aubiniere, Cape, 237 ; church of,
239-
Laurel Hill, march of troops to, 505.
Lavenue, Mr., 74, 75, 76, 77, 93. 95,
102.
La Venue's, 71, no.
La Varennes, 118.
Lawrence's battalion, 177, 214; bat
tery, 223.
Lawrence, Gen. Charles, 159; Gov.,
orders of, respecting the Acadians,
195, 196.
Lawson's corps, 518.
Leake, Mr., 88.
Le Bran. Capt., 504.
Le Due de Gramont, ship of war, 154.
Lee, Capt., 106.
Lee, Gen. Charles, prisoner, arrives at
New York from Amboy, 420 ; 482 ;
interview of with Sir William Howe,
484 ; on parole, 484.
Lee, John, 542.
Lee, Sheriff, 120.
Leeke, Mr., appointed Auditor of Ac
counts, 353.
Lefanu, Theo., 523.
Leger, Lieut., 137.
Le Hunter, Maj., command of, 275.
Leicester, packet, 65.
Le Jeune, Mr., 188.
L'Engageant, French ship of war, 504.
Leostoff, frigate, 198, 216.
Le Roy Rousillon, 229.
Lertie, Jean, 189.
Lertie, Lac a, 189.
Leslie, Mr., 24; Lieut., 50; Capt.,
233.
Leslie, Brig. Gen. Alexander, 490, cor
respondence of, 531-533.
Les Prairies de la Magdalene, surprised
by Capt. John Montresor, 118.
Lestwyche, Capt., 61 ; packet Gen.
Wall commanded by, 67.
Le Touche, Capt., 180.
Le Tresor, family of, 3.
Levellers, in Westchester, 360, 361, 362,
363, 365 ; on Livingston Manor, 366,
375, 376; maltreat justices, 372; ar
rest of, 374 ; in Connecticut, 375, 376 ;
at Poughkeepsie, 376.
Levering's Ford, 419, 432.
Leviathan, the, formerly the Captain,
ship of war, 505, 506.
Levis, M., 241, 242, 247, 248, 249.
Levi, one, 15.
Levi, Point, compulsory allegiance to
England of inhabitants of, 193 ; 195 ;
British passage to resisted, 207 ; 208;
attack on British camp at, 208 ; bat-

INDEX.

561

teries south of, 210; 214, 217, 218;
Gen. Monckton captures, 219; 220,
222, 223, 226, 230.
Lewis Town, British fleet at, 501.
Lexington, battle of, John Montresor
at, 120.
Lightning, fireship, 176.
Ligonier Point, 324.
Ligonier, Sir John, 53.
Light Dragoons, 16th B. 427, 428 ;
17th B. 121.
Light Horse, one of the rebel, robs mar
ket people, 486.
Light Infantry, 2d British, 456, 513.
Lincoln, Maj. Gen. Benjamin, baggage
of captured, 421; 518.
Littler, Capt., 21.
Little Barn Island, 6, 126.
Little Falls, 74.
Little Niagara, 260, 261, 265, 266, 279.
Little Tinnicum Island, 466.
Livingston, Mr., 54.
Livingston, Robert, 64.
Livingston Manor, 152 ; levellers on,
366 ; 28th regiment at, 375 ; disturb
ances by levellers at, 375, 376.
Livingston, Walter, drives off levellers,
376.
Liverpool, ship, 427, 476.
Lizard, frigate, 216, 498, 501.
Locasini, Signor, 140.
Long Island, British troops sent to, 503,
504, 505, 509, 510 ; French fleet at
anchor off east end of, 508.
Long Island Sound, directions for navi
gating, and points in, 410-414 ; 505,
506.
Long, Jacob, 20.
Long, Point de, post on, 193.
Longueuil, Gov., 241.
Lord Hyde, packet, 371, 393.
Lord Rollo, brigade of, 249, 250.
Lord, Sergt., 14.
Lorenbec, expedition against, 161 ; cap
ture at, 163.
Loring, Corporal, 108 ; Capt., 109,
347 ; Commissary, 482.
Losberg, Gen., 513.
Lottery tickets, 101.
Loudoun, Lord, 13, 29 ; report of the
state of Fort Edward to, 33 ; 47, 48,
50, 53, 54. 55. 56, 57, 58, 59 j recall
of, 60; 62, 64, 116, 150 ; review by,
150.
Loudon, Fort, 528, 529.
Loudoun's Ferry, 1 10.
Louisbourg, siege of, 4, 151-188; 296;
plan of the city and fortress of, 47 ;
island of, scout of Capt. John Mon-
36

tresor to drive the Indians and Aca
dians from, 117; 147; Capt. John
Montresor ordered to, 150 ; French
force at, 151; troops for, 151;
cruise of Admiral Hardy off, 152 ;
sailing of the British fleet for, 153;
157 ; works at, 158, 159, 160, 161 ;
landing of British troops before, 158,
159; 160; harbor, reconnoissance of,
159, actions in, 158, 159, 160, ar
rival of Sir Charles Hardy's fleet
in, 159, French sink their vessels
in, 164, vessels burnt in, 170, 185,
frigate captured in, 172 ; capture of
the heights of, 159; Island Battery
near, 161, 168 ; arrival of Lord
Charles Hay at, 164; Princess Bas
tion at, 165 ; reinforcement of garri
son at, 165 ; French sally at, 166,
167: bastion Dauphin at, 167, 172;
bastion du Roi at, 167, 168 j line
of battle at siege of, 167; bastion de
la Reine at, 169, 171, 172; escape of
French frigate from, 169; burning,
bombarding and cannonading of, 171,
172; capitulation of the garrison at,
172, 173, 186 ; repair of the fortifi
cations of, 173, 174 ; sailing for Eng
land of the French garrison from,
174; departure of Gen. Amherst's
army from, 175 ; disposition of En
gineers after surrender of, 175 ; list of
Admiral Boscawen's fleet against, 175,
176 ; occupation of the town of, 175 ;
engineers on the expedition against,
176; troops for the expedition from
Halifax against, 177 ; 178, 179 ; post
ing of French ships for the defence of,
179 ; French journal of the defence
of, 179-186 ; French squadron for
the defence of, 180; landing of Brit
ish troops for the siege of, 180; 181 ;
neglect and inaction of the gover
nor and officers at the siege of, 181,
182, 183, 185, 186 ; bombardment of
French ships near, 181, 182; French
vessels sunk for defence of, 182, 183 ;
French regiments in, 187 ; French
war vessels at, 187, 188 ; state of the
garrison of, 187, 188 ; journal of a
route to Lake Labrador from, 188-
192 ; Brig. Gen. Whitmore, governor
of, 188; 190; return of Montresor's
inland scout to, 192; measures to
prevent Acadians joining the French
at, 195, 196; expedition against
Quebec from, 196; ships of war for
convoy at, 216; Grenadiers of, 230,
231, 233; troops at Quebec from,

562

INDEX.

241 ; troops of, 250 ; expedition
against, 253 ; troops against, en
camped on Noddle Island, 401.
Loutre, Riviere de, Indian villages re
moved to, 309.
Lovel's Island, good water at, 405.
Loyalists, furnish materials to British,
481, 483, 487.
Loyalists, North Carolinian, board Brit
ish fleet, 437 ; put to death for service
to British army, 539.
Lucy, one, 22, 78, 89.
Ludlow Castle, frigate, 153.
Lyman, Gen. Phineas, 18, 19, 20, 22,
'38, 93, 95, 96, 103.
Lyman's regiment, 78.
McAdams, Capt., 57.
McDonald, Zaehariah, 43.
McEvers, Mr., 69.
McGinnis, Capt., scout of, 21.
Mackeller, Maj. Patrick, 176, 523.
McKenzie, Capt., 107, 127, 469, 494.
McLean, Lieut., 103.
McLeod, Capt., 28, 386.
Macknamara, B., 101.
McMartin, Lieut., 102.
McMian, Ensign Andrew, captured by
British, 496.
MacNeill, Capt., 13, 107.
MacNeil, Archibald, 534, 538, 540.
Maddison, Lt. Col., 120.
Magdalene Les prairies de la, Journal by
John Montresor of the expedition to,
236 ; church of, 242.
Maidstone, tow of the British fleet by
the, 500.
Maine, expedition of Capt. John Mon
tresor across, 5, 125, 524-526; His
torical Society of, 118.
Maine, Lieut., 104.
Maitland, Lt. Col., 235.
Malcontents at Boston, 402.
Malm, Randel, 454.
Man, Mr., 81, 101.
Manitou, Indian chief, Bradstreet halts
at Twelve Mile Island to make peace
with, 283; 293, 294, 299.
Manitou' s Cove, arrival of Bradstreet's
expedition at, 283 ; 322.
Manly, Com. John, captures British
frigate Fox, 439.
Manto Creek, 137; American battery
near, 473.
Mar, John, 523.
Marcus Aurelius, statue of George III.
in the figure of, 123.
Marfit, Lieut. Henry, captured by Brit
ish, 496.

Marie, French frigate," 246.
Marine Regiment de, 187.
Marin, Indian and French, officer of,
29.
Marlborough, Duke of, 53, 124.
Marseilles, John Montresor at, 147.
Marseilleis, le, French war vessel,
504.
Marshall's Corps, 518.
Marshall, Lieut., 534.
Martel, Capt., 180.
Martin, Capt., arrests Mr. Hawkins,
75; 107.
Martin's, in.
Mary, transport, 155, 156.
Maryland, Acadians sent to, 196.
Mascoutin Indians, war dance of the,
298 ; at Fort Croghan, 327, 332.
Mascoutins, les prairies des, 289, 298.
Mason, Mr., 25.
Massachusetts troops, at Fort Edward,
36; ordered home, 105.
Massacre of troops, Indian project for,
310. 3"-
Maisonville, M., 309.
Matane, Pass of, 199.
Matson's Ford, 419, 493.
Mather, Brig. Gen. Edward, 497.
Maturin, Capt., 409.
Mawhood, Col., 482, 486.
Maxwell, Gen. William, 424 ; Amer
icans in action near Aikin's Tavern
commanded by, 446; 506, 515, 518.
May, Cape, 502.
Medway, ship of war, 216.
Mendez, Mr., 12, 19, 48, 49, 52, 53,
58, 61, 66, 67, 68, 69, 73, 74, 75,
76, 77, 79, 8o, 83, 84, 86, 87, 90, 91,
95, 96, 104, 108, no, m.
Menominee Indians, 271, 575.
Mercer, Capt. Alexander, 144, 507,
5°9, 523-
Mercer, Fort, works for the reduction
of, 6.
Merchants' Coffee House, 346.
Meredith, Lieut., 91, 94.
Merlin, sloop of war, aground, 470 ;
burnt, 472.
Mesarve, Col., 34, 35, 47, 48.
Meschianza, ball given to Sir William
Howe called the, 6, 492.
Meyer, Mr., 66.
Miami Indians, refuse to make peace,
277; 283, 284; Bradstreet's expedition
to attack the, 284 ; pass an officer and
Indians of Bradstreet's to lhe Illinois,
284; 295, 296 ; war dance of the, 298 ;
attack Croghan, 327.
Miamis Fort, 295.

INDEX.

563

Miamis River, 287, 288, 289, 292, 298,
300.
Michelson, Capt., 388.
Michilimakinac, 271, 272, 285, 286,
287, 290.
Middebush, 422.
Mifflin, Fort, 137, 145 ; construction
of, 414-417; evacuated by Ameri
cans, 474-476, 477 ; 519. See Mud
Island.
Mifflin, Gen. Thomas, 447.
Mil ford, frigate, 428.
Millan's Register and Almanac, 61.
Mill Creek Hundred, 516.
Mills, John, 43, 44.
Minerva, ship, 381.
Mirabeau, Comte de, 140.
Miray, Lake, 190; mountains of, 191.
Mirbach, regiment of, 469.
Mis, river des, 29S.
Missassagues Indians, 290 ; sloop, 255,
258, 262, 272.
Mississippi River, 284.
Missouri River, 286.
Mohawk Indians, 20, 97, 98, 259, 286,
290 ; scouting party deserted by, 305.
Mohawk River, post at, 35; 71, 72, 73;
department of the, 72 ; works on the,
74; no, 254.
Mohawk, transport, 256, 258, 262, 263,
264, 269, 272, 274.
Mohican, John, 307.
Molesworth, Mr., put to death for aid
ing British army, 539.
Moliere, Capt., 504.
Monckton, Harry, death of, at the battle
of Monmouth, 8, 502.
Monckton, Gen. Robert, death of, 102;
m, 121 ; regiment of, 177, 219; 195 ;
landing of troops of, on the Island of
Orleans, 206, 219 ; Point Levi in pos
session of, 208; 210, 211, 215, 217,
221 ; battalion of, 225, 226, 227 ; 389,
460, 499.
Moncrief, Capt. James, 86, 103 ; let
ter of, 133; 134, 391, 459,46i, 464;
recaptures battery, 465 ; thanks in
general orders to, 477 ; 496, 517.
Monk's Horse Grenadier Guards, 3,
124.
Monmouth, battle of, 8, 502.
Monmouth, frigate, 510.
Montague, Fort, 119.
Montcalm, Marquis de, movements of,
• 18, 19, 20, 29; investment of Fort
William Henry by army of, 38 ;
death of, 102.
Montgomery, Col., Archibald, regiment
of, 102,103, 104; 106, 107; Capt.

Richard, 255, 259, 260, 262, 264,
270 ; Capt. William Stone, burial of,
5°4-
Montgomery, Fort, 137; British and
American losses at storming of, 468.
Montmorency, near Quebec, 5 ; beach
above, 221, 223; camp, attack of the
French on the, 213; 214, 216, 217,
219, 225; order to burn and destroy
all settlements to the, 231 ; 232.
Montmorency, Falls of, 193, 207, 209,
210, 215,225; English redoubts near
the, 211, 221 ; French works near
the, 220, 221 ; English land on the
North Main near the, 220.
Montmorency River, French works con
structed on, 211 ; action between the
French and English works on the,
211; reconnoissance of Gen. Murray
for a passage across, 212, 216, 221,
223 ; attack of Indians on English
fascine cutters near, 213, 222 ; ford of,
213, 216 ; French and English batteries
on, 221 ; action on, 223, 224 ; attack
on French redoubts on, 225 ; 231.
Montour, Mr., 263.
Montreal, force of Montcalm at, 18 ;
plan of, 8 ; plan for junction of
armies at, 117, 147 ; cannon from,
246, 248 ; island of, 25 1 ; capitula
tion of the town of, 252 ; Canadian
troops from, 256 ; view of, cut in
stone for Lord Amherst's residence,
Kent, 390.
Montresor, family of, 1-8, 125 ; Frances,
5, 8; Harry, 31, 56, 58, 73, 74, 75,
76, 86 ; Col. Henry Edward, 7 ; Sir
Henry Tucker, 7 ; Mrs. Capt. John,
7, 140, 141 ; Mary Lucy, 8 ; Robert,
127, 489 ; Gen. Thomas Gage, 7 ;
William Robert, 7.
Montresor, Col. James, 3 ; journals of,
9-112; orders of Gen. Webb to, 16;
letters of, 25, 63, 87 ; memoranda of,
36 ; on council of war, 38 ; voyage
to New York of, 54 ; promotion of,
60, 61 ; on court of inquiry, 64; plan
of Fort Stanwix by, 65 ; instructions
of Gen. Amherst to, 81 ; accident to,
99; in, 153; services of, 124;
orders of, 150, 154 ; petition of, for
lands, 324, 327 ; lands granted to,
345 ; lands recommended to, 347 ;
mandamus of, for lands, 356, 357,
359 ; locates lands, 378, 379, 380,
381 ; 523 ; accounts of, as Chief En
gineer, 524.
Montresor, Mrs. Col. James, 14, 15,
16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 31,

564

INDEX.

32, 33, 34, 35, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, S°>
5'. 52, 53. 56, 58, 60, 62, 70, 71, 72,
73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82,
83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92,
93, 94, 95. 9°, 97, 98, 99, I0°, I0',
102, 103, IO4, 105, 106, 107, I08,
109, no, m.
Montresor, Capt. John, 4; appointed
aide-de-camp, 6 ; appointed Chief En
gineer of America, 6 ; description of
Brooklyn fortifications by, 6; evi
dence of, before Parliamentary Com
mittee, 6 ; engineer at Boston and
New York, 6 ; promoted to a Cap
taincy, 6 ; children of, 7 ; death of,
7 ; promoted Colonel, 7 ; loses papers,
8; n, 12, 15, 31, 60, 62, 63, 64,
no; journals of, 115-520; promo
tions of, 115; services of, 115, 116,
124, 125, 143 ; commanders-in chief
served under by, 116; final depart
ure of, from America, 116; leaves
England, 116; secures allegiance of
Canadians, 117; defends Fort Ed
ward, 117; extra services of, 117;
carries despatches from New York to
Quebec, 118 ; escapes capture, 118;
carries despatches from La Varennes
to Isle-au-Perrot, 118; second ex
pedition into Maine of, 118; sur
prises Les Prairies de la Magdalene,
118; discovers lands between Canada
and Fort Halifax, 119; letter of,
119, 228; raises Canadian regiment,
119 ; surveys the St. Lawrence, 119 ;
attempt on life of, 120; military
works by, 120, 122 ; reconnoissance
of, in New York harbor, 121; sup
presses mutinies, 122; recovers head
of statue of George III., 123 ; claims
for preferment of, 124; services of
ancestors of, 124; hardships of, 125-
128; hospitality of, 125; offers tim
ber for a frigate, 125 ; losses of, by
fire, 126; commonplace book of, 128;
criticises Sir William Howe, 130-
135; military queries of, 131, 132;
136; tour in Europe of, 138, 139;
political rhyme of, 138; reasons of,
for failure of British in America, 139,
140; remarks of, respecting rank of
engineers, 141-147 ; anecdote by,
146 ; itinerary of, in America and
Europe, 147 ; journal at Fort Ed
ward of, 148-151 ; journal by, of
siege of Louisbourg, 151-188; 160,
162, 170, 175, 176; journal of, of a
route to Lake Labrador, 188-192;
scout of, on the St. L., 193-196 ; ac

count by, of operations at Quebec,
217-236 ; journal by, of an expedition
to Les P. de la Magdalene. 236-252 ;
journal by, of Bradstreet's expedi
tion, 252-322 ; Bradstreet's orders
to, 254,259, 262, 265, 269, 271, 272,
274, 276 ; offers to go to the Illinois,
283, 284 ; draught of Lake Erie by,
306, 308, 336, 344. 345, 353, 359 ;
carries despatches from Bradstreet to
New York, 321 ; journal of, in Al
bany and New York, 1765, 322-393 ;
itinerary of in Pennsylvania and New
York, 324, 325, 326 ; visits Long
Island, 327 ; plan of North America
of, 322 ; strengthens Fort George,
328, 336 ; proceeds to Albany, 328 ;
confers with authorities of Albany re
specting public works at, 333; re
turns to New York, 335 ; designs
buildings at Albany, 335 ; dismantles
Fort George, 342, 343; plan by, of
New York city and environs, 342,
343. 345, 347, 348, 349, 351, 372;
visits Lieut. Gov. at Flushing, 351,
361 ; visits Staten Island and New
Jersey, 366 ; transmits orders to En
gineer Corps, 370; draught of com
munications in New York province,
375, 379 ', locates lands for Col. Mon
tresor, 378, 379, 380 ; surveys New
York harbor, Governor's Island, and
Red Hook. 386 ; military plan of,
387 ; negotiations of, respecting site
of Fort Orange, 387 ; embarks for
England, 388 ; visits officials in Lon
don, 389 ; presents memorial to Am
herst, 389 ; settles accounts with
agent, 390; made Capt. Lieut, of
engineers, 390 ; refused brevet Ma
jority, 391 ; presents memorial to
Lord Granby, 391 ; maps of, en
graved, 392 ; appointed chief barrack-
master, 393 ; sails for New York,
393 ; report of, on site of Fort
Orange, 393-398 ; notes of, on Fort
Castle William, 399-410; engages
on works at Castle William, 401-
408 ; at Boston, New York, and Phil
adelphia, 409 ; on works at Mud
Island, 414-416 ; on works for reduc
tion of Fort Mifflin, 417 ; honor
ably mentioned in general orders, 417 ;
at Brunswick, 422 ; expenses of, 416;
memoranda of, respecting roads in
Pennsylvania, 420; journal of, 1777-
1778, 420-515 ; on Howe's expedi
tion to the Elk, 420-515; examines
rivers in Chesapeake Bay, 441 ; re-

INDEX.

565

connoitre of, 459 ; works of, at and
near Philadelphia, 460, 483-487 ;
sends accounts to Boddington, 461 ;
erects batteries at the Post Houses,
467 ; builds bridge over the Schuyl
kill, 470; thanks in general orders to,
477 ; brother of, arrives in Philadel
phia, 478 ; destroys redoubts on Car
penter's Island and at Blakeley's
House, 479 ; works of. on the Dela
ware, at Cooper's Creek. 488; in
New Jersey, 489 ; sends Lieut. Hal
dane to New York, 492 ; attends Sir
William Howe to Billingsport, 493 ;
redoubts dismantled without knowl
edge of, 493-495 ; public papers
of, 499 ; arrives in New York, 502 ;
leave to visit England granted to,
507 ; arrives in Cork and proceeds
to London, 514-515 ; second account
by, of the battle of Brandywine. 515—
517; proposals of, for storming Mud
Island, 519-520; map by, of route
in Maine, 526 ; letter of, to Sir J.
Amherst, 524; account by, of expe
dition through Maine. 117-118; 524-
525 ; accounts with British Auditor's
office, 534-542 ; memorial of, 535—
541 ; loss of papers and destruction
of house of, 537 ; items in memorial
of, excepted to, 541.
Montresor's Island, 7, 8, 126 ; vessels
wooded and watered at, 122.
Monypenny, Maj., 71, 80, 89, 90, 91,
93, 94, 98, 104, 108, in.
Moor, James, Sergt., taken by British,
496.
Moore, Daniel, 542.
Moore. Sir Henry, arrival of, in New
York, 337 ; proclaimed as governor,
339 ; wears homespun, 351 ; tolerates
excesses of New York populace, 354 ;
refuses press warrant, 356 ; refuses
to consult with Lieut. Gov. Colden,
365 ; rejects address of clergy on re
peal of Stamp Act, 368 ; reserves land
for himself at Waitstown, 379 ; does
not interfere with mob, 382 ; 385.
Moore, Lambert, threatened by West
chester levellers, 363.
Moore's Tavern, 123.
Moorehall, ford at, 419, 420; British.
troops at, 456.
Morgan, Gen. Daniel, 497, 506.
Morris, Capt., 59, 69, 97, 98; funeral
of. 108, 109; Capt. Thomas, expe
dition of, to the Illinois Indians, 284,
286; letters from, 289; ill-treated
by Indians, 296, 303; narrative of,

296 ; men sent to Bradstreet by, 298 ;
Maj. Roger, 17, 29, 35, 45, 47, 50,
marriage of, 56; 57, 64, 72, 73, 221 ;
Mrs. Philipse, 62; Judge Richard,
enters caveat for lands, 356; Capt.,
commander of packet Leicester, 65.
Morrisania, 131.
Morrison, Gen., 523.
Morris Heights, march of troops to,
505-
Morristown, American forces move to,
513-
Morry, Capt.,- 105.
Morse, Robert, 523.
Mortier, Abraham, 12, 15, 21, 48, 55,
56, 57, 58, 59. 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69,
70, 74, 76, 77, 79, 81, 82, 87, 90, 93,
94, 96, 102, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109,
no, in; Mrs., 15, 16; Elizabeth,
34'-
Morton, Mr., 149.
Morel, Matthew, 125.
Mossett,  of Rhode Island re
warded, 372.
Mount Holly, British army at, 500.
Mud Island, fortification at, 5, 6 ; ser
vices of Capt. John Montresor at,
124 ; siege of, 125 ; reduction of fort
on, 130; evacuation of, 137, 138;
capture of, 145, 147; works con
structed at, 414-418; Lieut. Myers'
designs for fortifying, 415 ; surrender
to Americans of battery at, 464 ; at
tacks at, 465, 474-477, 491. See
Mifflin.
Muhlenberg, Gen. John P. G, 518.
Muir, Lieut., 84, 91.
Muirhault, Chris., 539.
Mulcaster, Lieut. Gen. Frederick Wil
liam, 8; 129, 144; sails for England,
494; 523, 539. 540.
Muller, R., 523.
Munroe, Col George, letter of, 26 ; 35 ;
death of, 48.
Munroe, one, a leveller, reward for,
365-
Murat, Gen., 7.
Mure, Mr., 84.
Muigatroyd. Patrick, 539.
Murray, Francis, American Major, pris
oner, 496.
Murray, Gen. James, 5, commands at
Quebec, 116, 118, 127, grenadiers
under command of, 209, 210, 212,
214, 215, reconnoissances of, 212,
216, 227, 228; 217,220, 223; re
doubt of, 228; 229; 231 ; expedition
on St. Lawrence of, 235 ; placards
and manifestoes of, 235 ; 244, 246,

566

INDEX.

247, 248, 250: effigy of, burnt, 343;
recalled from Quebec, 372 ; sails for
England, 380 ; 525.
Murray, Mr., apothecary, 59.
Murray, Robert, Quaker merchant of
New York, 388.
Musgrave, Maj., 121.
Muskingum, village of, Bouquet's move
ment against, 307.
Mutiny on the Britannic, merchantman,
388.
Myers, Mr., 14 ; Lieut., designs of, for
fortifying Mud Island, 415.
Namur, frigate, 173, 175.
Nancy, one, 78.
Nantes, Edict of, 3.
Napier, Mr., 35, 50, 59, 77, 94, 101,
102, 105.
Narrows, the, batteries at, and plan of,
56 ; works at, 504 ; project of Capt.
Montresor for defence of, 504 ; Brit
ish headquarters at, 505 ; in Chesa
peake Bay, intrenched, 438.
Nason, Lieut , 85.
Nassau, Fort, 119.
Nassawatting, 438.
Nautilus, ship of war, 485, 512.
Navesink, Highlands of, 502 ; British
army at, 503.
Navy Island, 258, 259, 260, 262, 264,
267, 268, 272.
Neptune, ship of war, 216.
Nestiguinea, 46.
Neufville, Mr., 82, 86.
Newark, Americans at, 448 ; British at,
448, 516.
New Brunswick, Gen. Washington moves
from, 503.
Newcastle, 500.
Newfoundland, 55.
New Gardens, Teynham, Kent, 4.
New Garden, 448, 516.
New Hampshire regiment, 73, 83, 84.
New Jersey, line between New York
and, 119 ; forces, 272, 275, 276, 281,
283 ; itinerary of journey in, 324-
327 ; boorish peasants of, 327 ; skir
mish in, 49S.
Newport, American alarm guns at, 448.
New Providence, Bahama, 5, 148.
Newton, Mr., 57, 94, 102, no.
Newtown, on Chester River, 441.
New Windsor, 54.
New York, province of, fortifications
in, 4 ; troops of, at Fort Edward, 36,
275 ; line between New Jersey and,
119; maps of, 392.
New York, City of, works at, 5 ; fire in,

8,345.508; 15; complaint of billet
ing officers against Recorder of, 64 ;
sleighing from Albany to, m; 147 ;
148 ; Acadians sent to, 196; stamp
excitement in, 336, 337, 339, 343 ;
merchants of, invited to meet Gov.
Moore, 342 ; survey of environs and
harbor of, 342, 386 ; 387 ; map of,
343, 344. 392; stagnation of business
in, 345, 3S8 ; populace make pro
posals respecting stamps to Gov.
Moore, 343, burn in effigy British
officials, 343, complain of captains of
men of war, 346, threaten houses,
349, tamper with ordnance, 358,
360, rejoice at repeal of stamp act,
367, 368, demands of, 371, refuse
intercourse with military, 383 ; loy
alty of people of, 348 ; arrival of Sir
Henry Clinton at, 503 ; British troops
sent to, 503.
Niagara Portage, redoubts at, 5 ; de
fence of, 119; works at, 254—263,
264, 271, 272 ; survey of, 270.
Niagara, military design at, 70; 81, 84;
capture of, 86; 87, 91 ; plans of, 100;
106 ; mutiny of Canadian regiment
of, 122; journal by John Montresor
of the expedition under Col. Brad
street to, 252-322 ; 253 ; 258 ; celebra
tion of King's birthday at, 261 ; dis
cord in the service at, 262 ; Indian
encampment at, 263, 265, 268 ; dis
tance from Fort Schlosser to, 265 ;
269 ; Indian congress at, 270, 271,
272 ; 275, 276, 301 ; Indian encamp
ment at, 271 ; 273, 274; report and
plan of works at, 274 ; feast to In
dians at, 277 ; expenses of provisions
and presents at Indian congress at,
285 ; 286, 291, 292, 298.
Niagara Falls, spearing fish above the,
266.
Nibblas's house, 448.
Nickolls, H., 4 ; Frances, 4 ; family
vault, 7.
Nicolls, Gov. Richard, 126.
Nichols' house, Mill Creek, 448.
Nicole, Capt. Pierre, 517, 534, 539,
.538, 54'-
Nicolet River, 243.
Nicholson, Dr., 99, 100, 102, 104 ; Mr.,
105.
Niger, ship of war, 428.
Nightingale, frigate, 161, 176, 216.
Ninnevah, Indian chief, 289.
Nipissing Indians, 270.
Noble, one, ringleader qf rioters, flight
of, 380.

INDEX.

567

Noddle Island, 401.
Noel, Mr., 13, 69.
Noir, Cape, redoubts near, 166, 167 ;
170.
Noort, van, James, 542.
Norberg, Capt. John, 534.
Normandy, Duchy of, 3.
Normandy, William Courthose, Duke
of, 3.
Norrington, township of, very rebellious,
457-
Norris, John, 541 ; Maj., 212.
North Americans, first battalion of, 152.
North America, plan of, by British en
gineers, 323.
North Cape, 197.
North Carolina, Acadians sent to, 196.
North Carolina, loyalists from, board
British fleet, 437.
North Channel, Quebec, batteries on,
212.
North, Lord, mal-administration of,
139-
North Main, encampment of Gen. Wolfe
on the, 209, 2to.
North's Fort, 419.
Northumberland, frigate, 175, 216, 218.
North Wales, Americans captured at,
487.
Notch, the, 525.
Notes and Memoranda, John Montre
sor's, 1 1 5- 1 18.
Notre Dame, mountain of, 199.
Nottingham, frigate, 176.
Nottingham, England, 3.
Nouvelle Basse, 525.
Nova Scotia, Acadians of, refuse to take
English oath of allegiance, 195 ; map
of, 392.

Octerlony, Mr., 58.
Offley, Daniel, 542.
Ogelvie, Mr., 82, 86; Capt., 109.
O'Hara, Gen., 126.
Ohio, the, engineers for the westward
department of, 66.
Ohio River, plans of posts extending to
the, f-j.
Ohio Indians, expedition against the,
253-
Ojibway Indians, 253, 258, 259, 264,
267, 268, 271, 272, 275, 284, 287,
288, 289, 292, 302, 304, 307, 312.
Okey, a sawyer, 42.
Old Slip Market, New York City, 508.
Old York Road, action between British
and Americans on, 488.
Oneida Indians, 275, 280, 281, 295.

Oneida Lake, post at northeast end
of, 72 ; post at west end of, 72 ; plan
of block-house and post on, 75 ; 254.
Onondaga Falls, 255.
Onondaga Indians, 275, 280, 281 ;
Delaware and Shawanese Indians
sprung from, 304 ; a Flathead adopted
by, 306.
Ontario, frigate, 176.
Ontario, 253 ; force for Niagara from,
254 ; arrival of French force at, 256 ;
257, 255, 262, 263, 264, 266, 267;
269, 270, 272, 274.
Ontario, Lake, 278.
Orange, Fort, 329 ; site of, 330, 331,
332 ; 334 ; Montresor's report con
cerning site of, 393-398.
Old, Maj., 30, 38, 68, 69, 77, 109,
no.
Orderly books, American, captured at
the battle of Brandywine, 451.
Ordnance, British Board of, relations of
engineer corps with, 143, 144.
Ordnance in New York, spiked by au
thorities, 337, unspiked, 351, popu
lace tamper with, 358, 360 ; stores,
352, exposed to rabble, 359 ; at
Castle William, return of, 400 ; re
moved from Chester to Philadelphia,
. 462, American, at Mud Island, burst-
. ing of, 466.
Orleans, 119, Island of, 205, 206,
British land on, 206, reconnoissance
of, 207; 210; arrival of British fleet
at, 219; 222, 231, 232; point of,
193, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213,
214, 215, 217; post of Col. Carleton
on, 219; battery at, 220, 221;
French bombard, 220; 230, 234.
Ormsby, Capt., 29; Mr., 48.
Orphan's Bank, St. Lawrence River,
198.
Osborne, Sir George, 477.
Oswegatchie, 270.
Oswego, 30. 65 ; post at, 71 ; plan of,
72, 75 ; French attack on, 81 ; New
Hampshire regiment despatched to,
83, 84 ; Gen. Gage en route to, 85 ;
86, 90, 92, 94, 95 ; works at, 95 ; 96,
104, no, 130, 256.
Oswego Falls, 72.
Oswego Lake, 278.
Oswego River, 320.
Ottave, Col., 484, 486.
Ottawa Indians, 253, 267, 268, 270,
- 271, 275 ; refuse to make peace, 277;
282 ; peace with Manitou, the great
war chief of the, 283 ; 284 ; 287, 288,
289 ; 293 ; 294 ; 298 ; 299; 301 ; war

568

INDEX.

against Shawanese and Delawares,
307; haranguing chief of, 310; 312.
Otter, sloop of war, 426.
Otway's regiment, 18, 160, 177, 209,
210, 215, 217, 220, 223, 224.
Oughterlony, Lieut., 21, 58.
Outerkirk, John, 43.
Outerkirk, Johannes, 43.
Overslaugh, the, Hudson River, 15.
Oxford, frigate, 175, 200, 216.
Page, Brigadier, 78 ; John, 104 ; Engi
neer, 146 ; Sir Gregory, purchase of
house of, for Royal Military Acad
emy, 147.
Paislea, Mr., 52.
Palmer, John, 129.
Paoli, the, tavern, 456.
Parker, Lieut., 517; Col., disaster to
party of, 22 ; one, a merchant of
New York, asks for a sword and is
settled by the butt end of a musket,
384-
Parker's Ford, 419.
Parrinck, Mr., 129.
Parry, Valentine, 542.
Pasoosy Island, George Ford, a loyalist,
principal tenant of, 441.
Patterson, Lieut., 100.
Paterson, Col., 121; Col. , American,
443; Mr-, 347-
Pattison, Gen., 479, 540.
Patoun, Archibald, 101, 523.
Patton's corps, 518.
Paulins, ford at, 419.
Paul's Mill, Americans surprised at, 486.
Paulus Hook, 132; works at, 505 ; 509.
Payan, Madame, grant to the Acadians
by, 194.
Peace of 1783, blunder of the, 137.
Peace, treaty of, Indian, 275, 289, 290.
Peace, Cove of, 275.
Pearl, ship of war, 476. .
Peck's Wharf, Boston, 410.
Pearson, William, 541.
Pembroke, ship of war, 176, 217.
Prendergast, Wm., Westchester leveller,
reward for, 364, 374 ; escapes, 365 ;
apprehended, 377 ; sent to Pough
keepsie for trial, 379, party of, fires
on 28th regiment, 380 ; indicted, 381 ;
found guilty of high treason and sen
tenced to death, 384.
Penn-Cadder, 446.
Penn, Gov. John, message to Pennsyl-
vania assembly by, 417; 528 ; Rich
ard, letter from, 417.
Pensacola, stamps current in, 346.
Penzance, frigate, 238, 239.

Pepperell, Sir William, troops of, en
camped on Noddle Island, 401.
Pepperell's York provincials, 253.
Percy, Lord, 120.
Peres, Point des, batteries on, 213,
214, 215, 216, 220, 221, 223, 229,
230, 231.
Perkins, William, 542.
Perkiomen Creek, American forces at,
462.
Perry's, 53.
Perseus, frigate, 494, 496, 498.
Petty's Island, 470.
Philadelphia, works at, 6, 119, 129,
138; in; Quaker burying-ground in,
128 ; works at, dismantled, 137, 499 ;
148 ; Acadians sent to, 196 ; inhab
itants of, send magazines to French at
Cayenne, 346 ; list of inhabitants of,
409, 447, 494 ; British occupy, 458 ;
defences of, 458, 463, 464, 465, 466 ;
inhabitants at work on British de
fences of, 461 ; many inhabitants of,
rebellious, 462 ; inhabitants of, offer
men to British for defence of, 494,
market people of, branded by Ameri
cans, 497 ; unhealthy condition of,
499 ; British evacuation of, 499, 511.
Philadelphia Light Horse, 443, 445,
485,488,515.
Philadelphia Road, 457.
Philalethes, seditious article by, in
Holt's Gazette, 365, 369.
Philipse, Col., 56, 62, m ; Miss, mar
riage of, 56; Mrs., 59, 61.
Phillips, Gen., 144; Mr., 532 ; one, a
British deserter, 88.
Phipps, John, 523.
Phister, Mr., 71, 73, 75.
Phcenix, ship of war, 121, 447, 495;
120; sail under convoy of the, 501.
Pichot, Monsieur, 249.
Pickering, Lieut., 96.
Pierre, Isle la, 287.
Pigeon House in Dublin Harbor, 514.
Pigot, Maj. Gen., 428, 508.
Pike, Joseph, 104.
Pilgrims, the, islands, 202, 203.
Pilot boats of Boston, only three, 408.
Pintard, Mr., of New York, Sons of
Liberty and rabble visit house of,
349 ; threatened with the pillory, 350.
Pitcher, Mr., 17, 20, 75, 105, 106.
Pitt, Mr., Sons of Liberty propose
statue of, on Bowling Green, 353,
374, 375, applaud speech of, 362,
erect post and ensign to, 383 ; 370,
37'.
Put, Fort, 119, 276, 281; Fort Du

INDEX.

569

Quesne called, 282, 299, 307, 347,
394, 526.
Pitts, Capt. Matthew, 143, 517, 540.
Plat, Isle le, 250, 251.
Platon, 237 ; capture of post of, 238,
239-
Playhouse in New York, Sons of Lib
erty pull down, 364.
Plunket, Capt., American, captured,
468.
Pluto, fireship, 176.
Pointe aux Cedres, 283, 284, 322.
Point-aux-Trembles, intended attack of
the lines at, 117.
Point du Lac, le, 305.
Point Island, battery on, 215.
Pointe la Jeunesse, 188.
Point les Peres, 525.
Point Levi. See Levi
Point Plat, 181.
Poisson d'Ontario River, 300.
Poisson D' Ore River, 306.
Polly, brig, 324, 345, forced by New
York populace, 346, 386.
Pomeroy, Gen., 136.
Pontiac, siege of Fort Detroit by. 5;
command of, 252 ; 284 ; belt to Col.
Bradstreet from, 286 ; band of, 287,
289; 296; Parkman's Conspiracy of,
296 ; 309 ; submission of, 331 ; con
spiracies of, 345.
Porcupine, frigate, 209, 238, 239, 240,
242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 249,
250, 489, 490, 500.
Porter, Mr., 100.
Post Houses, batteries at the, 466, 467.
Portic's farm, Acadia, 189.
Portis, Ensign, 28.
Portland Place, London residence of
Col. John Montresor at, 7.
Port Mahon, ship, 161, 176.
Port Neufs, 237.
Portsmouth. Eng., 4.
Port St. Louis, 526.
Post, John, 541.
Post office, New York, letters for, left
at coffee-house, 363.
Post regulation, women ordered out of
camp by, 89.
Pottawatamy Indians, 253 ; refuse to
makepeace, 277; 287, 288, 289, 290,
311; scalp soldiers, 372, 373; 384.
Potomac river, 147.
Pottsgrove, fords at, 419, 420; road,
456.
Poughkeepsie, in; disturbances at,
377-
Pouchot, M., 109.
Preble, Gen. Jedediah, 136.

Presbytery, synod of, 80, ministers at
the, 370.
Prescot, Capt., 86, 87.
Presque Isle, 119; Bradstreet's encamp-
ment at 281, 293; 294, 307, 322.
Preston, frigate, 502.
Prevost, Maj., detachment under, 28.
Prevost's, powder magazine at, 352.
Pribble, Gen.; 136.
Price, frigate, 483.
Prideaux, Gen. John, 67, 69, 72, 73,
81 ; death of, 85.
Prince Frederick, frigate, 176, 216.
Prince George, transport, 154; mer
chantman, 370.
Prince of Orange, frigate, 152, 176, 217.
Prince of Wales, ship, 382.
Princess Amelia, frigate, 175, 217.
Pringle, Col., 375.
Prisoners, exchange of, 498.
Proclamation for arrest of levellers,
347-
Proserpine, transport, 155.
Protecteur, Le, French ship of war, 504.
Provence, La, French ship of war, 504.
Province Island, 132, 134; reconnois-
sance of, 463 ; battery commenced by
British on, 465, 466; 467, 468, 469,
473, 475-
Provincials, 83, IOI, 102, 104, 105 ;
dispute of respecting rank, 305 ; with
Bradstreet, 318, 319; Allen's, Chal-
mer's, and Clifton's, 476, 489 ; Fan-
ning'sand Brown's, 513.
Provisions, returns of on Bradstreet's
expedition, 305 ; damaged, 307 ;
weekly consumption of by British
almy, 495-
Provost, Col., 35.
Prudent, Le, French frigate, burnt, 172,
186; 187.
Prussia, King of, works of the, 140.
Putnam, Israel, 18 ; movements of
scouting party under, 20 ; pursuit of
French Indians by, 22 ; discovers en
campment of the French near Fort
Ann, 22; 136, 2S7, 289; sends ad
vice to New York Sons of Liberty,
350 ; commands opponents to Stamp
Act, 354.
Quebec, camp at Montmorenci, near,
5 ; arrival of French troops, provi
sions and stores at, 38 ; plan of, 47 ;
army of Gen. Wolfe before, 88 ; ca
pitulation of, 4, 102, 116; 216, 232;
command of Gen. James Murray at,
116; Capt. John Montresor engineer
at, 116; scout of Captain John Mon-

57°

INDEX.

tresor to New England from, 117;
expedition to the south of the St.
Lawrence from, 117; garrison of,
117; expedition of Capt. John Mon
tresor from, 125 ; supersedure of
Capt. John Montresor at, 127; 147,
148 ; capture of French frigate bound
for, 161 ; 195 ; journal by John Mon
tresor of the siege of, 196-252 ;
bombardment by Gen. Monckton of
the town of, 211; sketch of the
French works, settlements and en
campments near, 211, 212; construc
tion of works approaching, 212 ; heavy
fire on the English from the town of,
213; fires in the town of, 213, 214,
216, 221, 222, 223, 228, 229; fire raft
from the town of, 215, 224; list of
troops under Maj. Gen. Wolfe in the
expedition against, 217 ; account by
John Montresor of the operations at,
217 ; incessant action of French and
English before, 222 ; capture of 200
women near, 223 ; French force be
tween Montmorency and the town of,
228; letter of John Montresor from,
232, 235 ; quarters of the army in,
233 ; desolation of, 233 ; new works in,
233 ; storesand ammunition captured
at, 234 ; description of the town
and environs of, 234, '235 ; packet
schooner from, 240, 241 ; packet
schooners for, 250 ; arrival of the
Vengeance at, 250 ; Canadian troops
from, 256; stamps current in, 346.
Queeman's Islands, Hudson river, the
Hell Gate between, 70.
Queen Esther, ship, 151.
Queen's Bastion, Louisbourg, 170, 171.
Queen's Rangers, 458, 459.
Quesne, Fort du, 4. See Fort Pitt.
Quibbletown, 423.
Quicapou Indians, war dance of the,
298 ; attack Croghan, 332.

Raisins, La Riviere aux, arrival of Brad
street's expedition at, 284 ; 292, 322.
Raisonable, The, ship of war, 507.
Randell's Island, 7.
Rangers, The, 22, 83, 100, 107, 108,
118, 154, 159, 160; scalping by, 164;
166, 177 ; ambuscade of Indians by,
188; 190, 191, 194, 195, 196,207;
pursuit of Indians by, 208 ; 219, 223,
227 ; destruction of the village of St.
Paul's by, 229; schooner of, 243; 244,
247, 252, 275, 497.
Rattlesnakes, 274.

Ratzer, Lieut. Bernard, 73, 78, 82, 86,
96, 104.
Rawdon, Lord, 468.
Ray, Cape, 197.
Raymond, Chemin, 190, 191.
Raymond, Comte de, 190.
Read, Capt., 64 ; Mr., 68 ; Mrs., 139 ;
Col. Isaac, 518; William, 542.
Rebels. See Americans.
Red Bank, 137 ; American fort at, 465 ;
Americans load stores at, 465 ; at
tacked by Hessians, 469; Americans
blow up works at, 478 ; frigate Vigi-
lant's boats rescue British foragers
near, 500.
Redder, Myners, a carpenter, 43.
Redfield, Capt., 96.
Red Hook, surveyed by Capt. John
Montresor, 386.
Red Isle, 192.
Reed, Capt., 83 ; Gen., 136.
Reedy Island, British fleet at, 500. 511.
Regiment, Fourth, 120, 497 ; Fifth,
445, 480 ; Seventh, 495 ; Tenth, 137,
463 ; Fourteenth, troops of sick, 401,
402 ; at Castle William, 402, 403, 409 ;
Fifteenth, 196,217,240,495,500,504,
511; Sixteenth, 455; Seventeenth,
69, 73- 78, 89, 98, 99, 105, 109, no,
152, 166, 254, 255, 266, 262, 264,
265, 269, 270, 272, 273, 275, 277,
279, 280, 281, 284, 286, 287, 296,
298, 3°4, 372, 373, 374, 495 ; Twenty-
first, 124; Twenty-second, 150, 152,
154. 167, 175, 250, 513 ; Twenty-
Third, 125, 444, 463, 507, 510;
Twenty-sixth, 373, 495; Twenty-
seventh, 73, 78, 106, Sons of Lib
erty threaten to barbecue officers of,
365> 495. 473, 480 ; Twenty-eighth,
13, 196, 209, 215, 217, action near
St. Ange Guardien of the, 224, re
doubt of the, 227, 230, 373, at the
manor of Livingston, 375, at Pough
keepsie, 376, 377, fired on by Pen-
dergrast's party, 380, 381, 384, 385,
386, 388, 473; Thirty-third, 477,
498 ; Thirty-fifth, 152, 196, 216, 217,
2'9, 5°5i Thirty-eighth, 504;
Fortieth, 130, 175, 250; Forty-
second, 78, 81, 84, 86, 91, 107, 108,
137, 150. 344. 373, 374, 455 ; Eorty-
third, 121, 127, 196,217,513; Forty-
fourth, 13, 72, 85, 105, 117, 123,
149, 150, 152, 455. 5°4; Forty-fifth,
175, 188, 510; Forty-sixth, 90, 254,
259, 261, 264, 265, 2b6, 273, 276,
282, 291, 298, 302, 319, 373, 374,
376, 381, 384, 497, 51 1 ; detachment

INDEX.

571

of sent to Poughkeepsie, 377, 380 ;
Forty-seventh, 209, 217, 224, 227 ;
Forty-eighth, 4, 14, 115, 117, 122,
124, John Montresor's lieutenancy
in, 127, 143, 149, 150, 151, 152, 170,
172, 196,217,229,489; Forty-ninth,
495 ; Fifty-second, 427 ; Fifty-fifth,
86, 97, 104, 276, 290. 305, 319, 489 ;
Fifty-seventh, 505; Fifty-eighth, 217,
227 ; Sixtieth, 135, 319, 341 ; Sixty-
1 second, 472 ; Sixty-third, 489 ; Sev
enty-first, 469, 471, 505; Eighti
eth, 125, 254, 259, 261, 266, 272,
275, 286, 287, 288, 290, 294, 295,
298, 3°', 3°2, 3°S, 3'3, 3i8, 319;
One Hundred and Fourth, 125. See
also under the special name
Regulars, sick, sent to Fort Edward, 104.
Reid, Col. John, 338, appointed au
ditor of accounts, 353.
Renards, Indians, 257.
Renown, ship of war, 507.
Retur, Mr., 73.
Revenue, provincial, for payment of
troops, 377.
Revolutionists, at Hartford, 347.
Rhode Island, troops of, at Fort Ed
ward, 36 ; transports from, 506 ; Lord
Howe's fleet leaves New York to at
tack French fleet at, 508 ; invested
by Americans and French, 508, 510 ;
British naval force for, 510; Americans
raise siege of, and evacuate, 512;
Henry Clinton leaves, 512; arrival
of troops under Clinton at, 512.
Richard, transport, 155.
Richardson's, ford at, 419, 420.
Richelieu, rapids of, 238, 239 ; river,
245.
Richmond, British headquarters at. 426.
Richmond, frigate, 205, 209, 210, 421,
500.
Ricolet, Mr., 274.
Rigauville, M. de, 256, 262.
Rioters of N. Y., trial of, 379.
Riots, stamp act, at Boston and New
port, 327, at New York, 337, 362, in
Connecticut, 357.
River, Ensign, 55, 73, 75, 81, 82.
Roberts, Mr., put to death for aiding
British, 539.
Roberts, Peter, 541.
Robertson, Archibald, 523; Capt.,
commander of packet, 377 ; Gen.
James, 60, 61, 63, 64, 74, 85, 87,88,
91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 106, 107, 108,
109, 126, 144, 353, 380, 532.
Robertson's River, rebels destroy bridge
over, 425.

Robin Hood, ford at, 419.
Robinson, Capt., 103; Beverley, 14, 55,
58, 63, 64, 361 ; Mr., 62, 66, 73, 74,
75-
Rochambeau, Comte de, 140.
Rochefort, expedition to, 57 ; plan of,
57 ; 143, 180.
Roche de But, La, 288, 289, 309.
Roche, Point au, 242.
Roches, River de, arrival of Bradstreet's
expedition at, 282; 312, 313, 322.
Rocks, Bay of, 201.
Roebuck, ship of war, rescues frigate
Fox, 439 ; captured frigate manned
by sailors from, 460 ; 466, 476, 482 ;
stationed in Delaware river, 502 ; es
capes from French fleet, 503.
Roffy, Lieut., 99.
Roger's, in.
Kollo, Col., 55, 56; Lord, 236, 244,
248.
Romer, Col. William, builder of Castle
William, 401.
Root, Mr., no.
Rose, Lieut., 85, 86, 88, 89.
Roseaman, Richard, 541.
Rosehill, near Sittingbourne, Kent, 5.
Rose, ship of war, 121.
Rosiere, Cape, 198.
Ross, Col. Robert, 326.
Ross, Patrick, 523.
Rots, Isle aux, 206.
Rouge Isle, 192.
Rouge River, 285.
Rouler, Village cle, 190.
Rouscove, Louisbourg, 162.
Rousillon, battalion of, 18.
Raven, ordnance transport, 340.
Rowson, Mrs. William, works of fiction
by, 4-
Roy, Col., 143; William, 523.
Royal Americans, 150, 152, 173, 196,
208, 209, 214, 215, 217, 227, 232,
253, 275, 286, 341, 356, 358, 372,
373, 374-
Royal Anglo-Corsican Corps, 7.
Royal Artillery, 177, 217, 275, 319,
377-
Royal Grenadier, 173.
Royal Military Academy, 147.
Royals, the (Louisbourg), 160; 162; 163.
Royal Scotch Regiment, 177.
Royal William, frigate, 155, 173, 175,
216.
Ruggles, Capt., 83.
Ruggles' Regiment, 87, 105.
Rumsey, Col., commands American
militia at Elk Ferry, 442.
Rush, Dr. Benjamin, attends American

572

INDEX.

wounded at battle of Brandywine,
452.
Russell, engineer, 74 ; Mr., 58, 73, 76,
82, 90, 9 1 , 92, 93, 96, 97, 106 ; Lieut. ,
94, 95-
Rutgers, Widow, 12.
Rutherford, Maj., 57, 64.
Rutless, Wharton, 22.
Ruvignes. Jean Francois Gabriel de,
135-
Rycant, Capt., 93, 104.
Sable, River au, 279, 321.
Sackville, Lord George, 60, 62, 124,
127.
Sacs, Indians, 275.
Sagittaire, le, French ship of war, 504.
Saguinau, Bay of, 291.
Sailly, Messrs., 52, 56.
Salem, 480, 483.
Salisbury, frigate, 428.
Saltonstall, Mr., 52, 57, 60, 62, 63, 64.
Sambro, Cape, British fleet arrives off,
154; 156.
Sassafras River, British fleet at, 441.
Sandusky, expedition to treat with In
dians at, 125 ; 266 ; troops at, ?8i ;
summons to Hurons to ratify treaty
at, 283 ; embarkation at Detroit of
Col. Bradstreet's troops for, 291 ; vil
lage of, 291, 293 ; treachery contem
plated by the Indians at, 292 ; Indian
council at, 294; encampment of Col.
Bradstreet's troops at, 294 ; old fort
of, 294, 307 ; bay of, 297 ; Hurons
abandoning their settlement of, 304.
Sandusky Indians, prisoners returned by,
256, 274.
Sandusky Lake, 293, 294, 296, con
struction of a fort on the portage be
tween Lake Erie and, 297, 299.
Sandusky Rapids, encampment of Col.
Bradstreet's troops at the, 295, 299 ;
council of Indians with Bradstreet at,
296 ; remains of an old Indian fort at,
.297-
Sandusky River, 290, 298, 301.
Sandy Cove, 321.
Sandy Hook, draught of, 55 ; " Remarks
on Sailing from New York to," 56 ;
British fleet arrives at, 502 ; British
erect bridge at, 503 ; French fleet
under Count D'Estaing off, 504 ;
Lord Howe at, 504; capture by the
French fleet off, 504, 505, 506; works
at 505, 506 ; Count D'Estaing's fleet
leaves, 506 ; evacuation of the post
at, 509.
Sanspied River, 191.

Santa Therese, island of, 251.
Sante, Cape, 237.
Saratoga, works at, 14, 17, 30, 31, 32,
33, 34. 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48; offi
cers' rooms at, 36 ; journal of Col.
James Montresor at, 41-45 ; old fort
at, pulled down, 42 ; stores for, 44 ;
illustration of works at, 45 ; 77, 86,
90, 93, 109, 149.
Sardaigne, man of war, 376.
Sa  1, judge at trial of" Pendergrast,
384-
Saul, Mr., 53, 54.
Saunders, Admiral Sir Charles, fleet
against Quebec under, 196; 204, 205.
Saw Mill River, 188; 190.
Sayre, Stephen, sheriff of London, 120.
Scaffold Basque, falls on mountains near,
201.
Scarborough, man of war, 152, 176.
Scaticoke, 35.
Scawnongon, 307.
Schaack, Mr., 69.
Schenectady, militia at Fort Edward
from, 27; barracks at, 35, 49; regi
ments from, 49 ; works at, 51, 52, 53,
54,65, 74; stores for, 71; Forty-
fourth regiment marched for, 72 ; 93 ;
94; Royal Americans march to, 150;
254.
Schermerhorn's, 1 1 1 .
Schlosser, Fort, 260, 261, 265, 267,
268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 274, 277,
279.
Schomberg, Capt., 69, 101.
Schulenburgh, Countess, 141.
Schuyler, Capt., 88, 91, ioi, 106, 118,
322, 323 ; Colonel, 35, 48, 107, 333 ;
General, 118 ; Mr., 35.
Schuyler, Fort, 254.
Schuyler's Island, 324.
Schuyler's regiment, 87, 107
Schuylkill Ferry, 134; British artillery
removed to, 463.
Schuylkill Point, 132.
Schuylkill river, works on, 129, 133 ;
fords across, 419; 497.
Scioto, 281 ; prisoners from, 290 ; 294 ;
Indians, entreat for peace, 280 ; 288,
300, 301.
Scohary Indians, 275.
Scorpion, frigate, 502.
Scotch Johnny's, 56, 62.
Scot, Capt., 340.
Scott, John, carpenter, 43 ; Major, 154,
208, command of, 250; Gen., 518.
Scotton, Samuel, 542.
Sears, Isaac, Governor of New York
sends for, 340 ; counsellor to Sons of

INDEX.

573

Liberty, 349 ; notice of, 353 ; custo
dian of seized goods, 361 ; orders
church bells to be rung, 362.
Seeton, Sir Henry, Capt. 17th, 385.
Seguein, River cle, Bradstreet's expedi
tion at, 282; 312, 313, 315, 322.
Seneca Indians, peaceful disposition of
assured, 255 ; 259, 263, 268, 272, 274,
275, 298 ; peace granted to, 299 ;
301; declarations of, 309; 319, 320.
Seven Bishops, the, 125.
Shannock Hills, American army at, 422.
Shannon, man of- war, 173, 176.
Sharp, Conrad, 85.
Shaw, Mr., 90.
Shawanese Indians, terms of peace be
tween Col. Bradstreet and, 275 ; en
treat for peace, 280; 281, 288, 292,
293, 294, 295, 296, 298, 299, 300,
303, 304; prisoners in towns of,
308 ; chiefs of, killed, 327, 332 ; with
Croghan, 380. See Delaware In
dians.
Shekkard, Moses, 542.
Shirley, Maj. Gen. William, 115, n6,
406.
Shirreff, Col., 483, 485.
Sherrieffe, Capt., attacked by mob, 382.
Shiveres, Isle of, 182.
Shrewsbury, medicinal waters of, 324.
Shrewsbury, ship of war, 216.
Shroom, Michel, 44.
Shuldham, Lord, man-of-war, 420.
Silver Heels, Seneca Indian, 259, 319.
Sim, Mrs. Corporal, 92.
Simcoe's Rangers, 481, 482, 487, 489,
492, 497.
Simpson, Adam Scott, 43.
Sinclair, Mr., 57.
Sittingbourne, Kent, 5.
Six Nations, Indians of the, 270 ; terms
of peace between Col. Bradstreet and,
275 ; 296, 303 ; refuse to attack the
Delawares and Shawanese, 304 ; ene
mies to the English, 305 ; at bottom
of war, 308; disaffection of, 310; 311.
Sioux Indians, Ojibway's war on, 304.
Skene, Col. Philip, 137, 388.
Skinner, Lieut., 84; Maj. Gen., 427;
William, 101, 523.
Slack, Daniel, 523; John, 542.
Slater, Josiah, 542.
Slingerland, Isaac, 43.
Slonga, George, 539, 542.
Small, Lieut., 84, 94; Maj., 321.
Smallman, Maj., wounded, 327.
Smallwood, Gen. William, 518.
Smith, Capt., secretary of Sir Henry
Clinton, 494 ; Counsellor, arrested for

not taking the oath of allegiance, 509;
Gen., 513; Elias, 129, 541, 542;
William, 341.
Smithfield, Americans surprised at, 484.
Smith's Clove, Washington at, 428.
Sm — R., judge at trial of Prendergast,
384-
Sodus, Little, 256.
Somerset, frigate, 176, 216, 476.
Sons of Liberty, of New York, one of
the, stabbed. 341; defy the authorities,
342 ; placard of, 345 ; threats of, 346 ;
agree to destroy stamps, 348 ; gentle
men refuse to join, 348 ; Committee
of Correspondence of, 348 ; nightly
assemblages of, 347 ; informed by
those of Philadelphia, 349; vjsit houses
of Charles Williams and Mr. Pintard,
349; receive advice from Col. Putm-n,
350 ; rebellious expressions of, 350,
351 ; procession of, 351, 352; pro
pose to burn effigy of Amherst and
erect statue of Pitt in Bowling Green,
353; demand Lieut. Hallam of the ship
Garland, 353 ; continued threats
of, 354, 355 ; attack officer of Royal
Americans. 356 ; great meeting of,
357 ; continued threats of, 357,
360 ; seize goods on Mr. Bache's
vessel, 361 ; seize lands of Mr. Cort-
landt, 362 ; prohibit marketing of
lamb, 363 ; oppose Westchester level
lers, 363 ; excesses of, 363, 364 ;
council of, 365 ; continued threats of,
365 ; despatch belts of wampum to
the Six Nations, 367 ; repeal lamb
act, 369 ; revoke repeal, 370; troops
quiet, 378 ; mob of, 382, 383 ;
threaten Capt. Heathcote, 383 ; in
sult the mayor, 383 ; of Connecticut,
pillage by, 357.
Sorel, 245, 246 ; post at, 248 ; 249 ; 250;
houses destroyed at, 250.
Sorel River, 245, 246 ; French force at
the mouth of, 248 ; 249.
South Amboy, 130.
South Bay, ambush at, 18 ; French at
tack on expedition sent to, 20.
South Bay, disaster to party on scout
towards, 21.
South End, Boston, 120.
South River, 194, 19S-
Southwood, John, 542.
Sowers, Capt. Thomas, 67, 70, 71, 72,
73, 78, 81, 82; wounded, 84; 85,
87; 92; 94; 95; 100; 105; no; 334,
33s, 340, 360, 37o, 523-
Spanish Kiver, colliery at, 174.
Sparke, Maj., 149.

574

INDEX.

Spencer's corps, 518.
Sphinx, French frigate, 180 ; British,
428, 509.
Spotswood's corps, 518.
Sproule, Lieut., 130, 464, 517, 534.
Spry, Lieut. William, 126, 127, 174,
175, '76, 523-
Spuyten Devil, Americans attack Ya
gers' outpost al, 512.
Squirrel, ship of war, 60, 152, 176.
Staats Island, 70,
St. Aime, island of, 247.
St. Albans, frigate, 502.
Stamp Act, disturbances at New York
about, 5 ; Gov. of Georgia enforces,
348 ; rumored repeal of, 355, 357, 359,
362, 366 ; repeal of, 367, 368, 369 ;
Connecticut committee to oppose,
367 ; convention of clergy on repeal
of, 368 ; repeal of, celebrated on
King's birthday, 371.
Stamps, expected arrival of the, 328,
arrival of, 335, 336 ; mob await, 336 ;
secretly landed and deposited in the
fort, 336; people, backgammon boxes
and dice in mourning on account of,
336 ; delivered to mayor and corpo-
( ration, 338 ; excesses of populace
on arrival of, 336-338 ; seized by
Philadelphia populace, 342 ; guarded,
343 ; proposition of people to Gover
nor concerning, 343 ; vessels with
clearings without, escape, 343 ; pro
posal to burn in effigy the commander-
in-chief on account of, 344 ; where
current, 346 ; for Connecticut in pos
session of Gov. Moore, 346, 355 ;
more arrive and are lodged in City
Hall, 348 ; declarations of Gov.
Moore respecting, 349.
Standish, Capt., 254, 388.
St. Ange Guardien, investment of, 224 ;
action at, 229, 230 ; post at, 230.
St. Ange, M., commands Port Char
ges, 332.
Stanley, Maj., 486.
St. Ann's, 191, 203.
St. Anne's Bay, 180.
St. Ann's, rapids of, 241.
St. Anthoine, village of, 236.
Stanwix, Brigadier, 64.
Staples, one, a deserter, 93.
Staten Island, 121 ; British works on,
artillery, and stores for, 427 ; British
troops sent to, 503 ; 504 ; arrival of
exchanged Hessians at, 505 ; redoubt
on, 506.
St. Augustin, Capt. John Montresor
attacks post at, 117; 236.

St. Augustine, repulse of Americans at,
5°9-
St. Charles, compulsory allegiance to
England of the inhabitants of, 193,
"94; 525- , t
St. Christopher, returns for the parish
of, 195.
St. Clair, Sir John, 62, 372, 373.
St. Clair Lake, piniere on, 288, 289 ;
290.
Stephens, Mr., 92; Col., British Com
missioner of cartel, 484.
Stephen, Gen. Adam, 517, 518.
Sterling, Capt., 84, 88, 97, 98, 99, 101,
105 ; takes possession of Fort Char
ges, 344 ; 373.
Stenton, British headquarters at, 460.
Stevens, Mr., 60, 98, m ; Capt., 65.
Stewart, Capt., 105 ; Lieut. Charles,
534 ; Mr., 347.
Steyner, Michael, 539.
St. Famille, church of, 237.
St. Francois, compulsory allegiance to
England of inhabitants of, 194, 242.
St. Francis, island of, 244 ; French
force at, 247 ; 248.
St. Francis River, 244.
St. George, Lieut., 100, 107.
St. George's Island, Halifax, 177.
St. Ignace, island of, 246, 247, 249 ;
parish of, 247.
Stillwater, post at, 17, 31, 33, 34, 35,
45, 47, 50, 77-
Stirling, Capt., [81, 92, 104; Col.,
•37-
Stirling Castle, frigate, 204 ; 205 ; 206 ;
217.
Stirling, Lord, opposes British at West-
field, 424 ; a captain of regiment of,
killed, 446; 517.
Slitt, Mr., 62, 63.
St. James, Westminster, London, par
ish of, 3.
St. Joachim, post at, 230; destruction
of, 230 ; priest of killed and scalped,
231.
St. John's, battalion of La Sarre at,
18; British army move to, 103; 130;
Island, 174, 175, 189, 190.
St. Joseph, Indians, 277.
St. Joseph, 290, 291.
St. Joseph La Baye, 299.
St. Lawrence, Gulf of, 197.
St. Lawrence River, British fleet, 19;
88 ; expedition from Quebec south of,
117; 131, 195; expedition to Caspar
on, 198 ; Jeffries' chart of, 202 ; pilots
of, 203 ; list of Admiral Durell's fleet
in, 217.

INDEX.

575

•St. Laurent, encampment of, 219 •
parish of, 219.
St. Leger, Gen., 130.
St. Maiar, Island of, 198.
St. Mary's, town of, 157.
St. Medar, Capt., 180.
St. Michel's, compulsory allegiance to
England of the inhabitants of, 193 ;
194; 195-
Stobo, Capt. Robert, 100, 240.
Stobbor, Mr., 100.
Stock Fish Bay, 198.
Stone, Edward, 542.
Stony Point, 120.
Storms, severe, on Lake Erie, 312-317,
320.
Stoughton, Lieut., enters caveat for
lands, 356.
St. Peter's, compulsory allegiance to
England of inhabitants of, 194, 195.
St. Peter's Bay, 198.
St. Pierre Lake, 242, 246, 247,
248.
St. Paul's, bay, 205, island of, 197;
village of, 216, destroyed, 229.
Strachey, Secretary of Peace Commis
sion, sails for England, 494.
Stretchey, Capt., 72.
St. Roch, Basseville de, 222 ; faux-
bourg de, 222, fortification of, 233.
St. Therese, British descend to Mont
real from, 252.
St. Thomas,, compulsory allegiance to
England of inhabitants of, 195.
St. Vallier. compulsory allegiance to
England of inhabitants of, 194.
St. Vincent, M., 309.
Sud, River au, 1 19.
Suilly, Mr., purchases annuities for
Col. James Montresor, 89.
Sullivan, Gen., 422.
Sullivan, Gen. John, 422; at Chad's
Ford, 447 ; at Newark, 448 ; occupa
tion of Rhode Island by General La
fayette and, 510; 517. 518.
Sutherland, Lieut., 483, 517.
Sutherland, frigate, 151, 158, 1 76, 204,
205, 209, 210, 213, 222.
Sutling house, 109.
Swan Tavern, ford at, 419.
Swede's Ford, 419, 454, 457.
Swift, ship of war, 485.
Swinney, one, news-carrier of Boston,
silenced by English butcher, 361.
Swit, Capt., 65.
Sylvester, Mr., a lawyer of New York,
393, 394-
Symonds, Nathan, 14.
Synes, Mr., 87.

Talbot's Island, 7, 126.
Tannare, Michel, 22.
Tappan Sea, 15.
Tappan, action near, 513.
Tarleton, Col., 140.
Tarrant, Chas., 523.
Tarrytown, 139.
Tartar, frigate, 428.
Tate, Anthony, a grand juror, captured
by British, 496.
Taws, Bart, 30; Basil, 41, 42.
Taylor, Gilchrist, 14, 70; Mr., 52.
Tea, destruction of, in Boston harbor,
532.
Tempest, great, 352, 402 ; encountered
by British fleet ofl" Chesapeake Bay,
433 ! 438 i on the Elk, 442.
Tenb — k, Mr., 333.
Tennessee Indians, 275.
Terrible, frigate, 175, 216.
Teynham, Kent, new gardens in, 4.
Thames, frigate, 478, 482.
Thanksgiving Day, 403.
Thesaurius, Hugo, 3.
Thistle Creek, 294.
Thomas, Capt., 495.
Thomas, James Montresor's servant,
66.
Thunder, bomb ship, 504.
Thuiland Hall, 3.
Ticonderoga, disaster to party under
Col. Parker at, 22 ; works at, pro
posed by Col. James Montresor, 65,
71 ; plan of, 65 ; plan of attack on,
75 ; embarkation on Lake George of
Gen. Amherst's army against the
French at, 82 ; capture of the French
lines before, 83 ; evacuation by the
French of, 84 ; New Hampshire regi
ment leave, 84; 86, 99, 106, 108, no,
130 ; attack by Gen. Abercrombie on,
253-
Tidcomb, Capt., 48.
Tinnicum Island, Little, 466.
Titmarsh, Jaret, 541.
Tonnant, le, French ship of war, 504.
Tony, one, 55, 57 ; ship-carpenler of
New York, 350.
Topsham (Maine), arrival of Capt. John
Montresor's expedition at, 117; 524,
525-
Torment Meadows, Cape, 206.
Toronto, 258 ; Indian chief of, 290.
Tower of London, 3, 125.
Townshend, Col., 72, 79; funeral
honors to, 84.
Townshend, Gen. George, surrender of
the town of Quebec to, 102; 116,207,
216, 217, 219, 225, 226; Lord, 122;

576

INDEX.

head of the statue of George III. sent
to, 123 ; 127, 140, 389.
Townshend, Gilbert, 523.
Toye, Mr., 14.
Trader's Landing, encampment of Brad
street's army at, 279.
Trail, Capt., thanks in general orders
to, 477-
Transports, British hay, burnt by Ameri
cans, 481.
Transports, New York, fleet of, 482 ;
484.
Trap, The, Washington's headquarters
at, 462.
Traverse, The, 206.
Treaty, French, 489 ; Bradstreet's, with
Indians, 526, 531.
Tredruffin, 420, 454, 471.
Tremble, Pointe au, Canadians assem
ble at, 236; 237, 251.
Trent, frigate, 158, 176, 198, 200, 205,
206, 216.
Trenton, 66, 152.
Tresor, James le, 3 ; James Gabriel
'e, 3-
Trident, The, sloop of war, 499, 500,
501, 502.
Trinity Church, N. Y., college oration
in, 367 ; services in, on repeal of
stamp act, 368.
Trois Sacs, Riviere des, 189.
Trois Rivieres, M. Longueuil, governor
of, 241 ; 242, 243; convent near, 243 ;
Canadian troops from, 256.
Troops, strength of, on Bradstreet's ex
pedition, 306 ; Bradstreet's embark
on Lake Erie for Niagara, 31 1 ; Brad
street's encamp near river au Roche,
312; billeting of, 373, 374; •rev
enues for payment of, 377 ; British
excursion of, from Philadelphia, 488,
489.
Truce, flag of, 163, 166, 167, 239, 497,
500, 509, 511.
True Briton, merchantman, made a
man of war, 249, 250.
Trumbull's Ford, British troops pass,
449-
Tuckahoe, action near, 513.
Tucker, Dean, 137; Fiances, 5; Tho
mas, 5.
Turk's Head Tavern, American artillery
at, 449 ; American wounded at, 452.
Turner, Mr., 17, 25, 31, 46, 47, 48, 57,
58, 59, 69.
Turrell, Mr., 53.
Turtle Bay, powder magazine and stores
at, 352 ; camp of Royal Artillery at,
377, 384-

Tuscarora Indians, 275, 281, 282, 284;
village of, Bouquet's movement on,
307.
Twelve Miles Island, halt of Bradstreet's
expedition at, 283.
Twiss, Engineer, 130, 144.
Tyers, 254.
Tyer, Lieut., 517.
Tyler, a statuary, cuts view of Montreal
in stone for Lord Amherst's house,
39°-
Underhill, Thomas, 542.
Underwood, Sergt., 32.
Unity, transport, 154.
Utrecht, L. I., march of British troops
to, 51 1.
Vaillant, Le, French ship of war, 504.
Valentine's Hill, affair at, 512.
Vallaney, Ensign, 517.
Vallans, Capt., sloop commanded by,
•46.
Valley Forge, British troops at, 455,
456 ; riflemen under Gen. Morgan
near, 497.
Van Allen, Mr., councillor of Albany,
396.
Vanberger, Capt., of sloop Delancey,
70.
Van Buren's, in.
Vandewater's Height, 121.
Vaness, John, 13 ; Mr., 75, 83.
Vanesses, 109.
Van Fuser, Lewis, etc., 135.
Vanguard, frigate, 175, 217.
Van Hollandt, Samuel Jan, 135.
Vanhoosen, Egbert, 43.
Van Horn, Mr., 14.
Van Orman's, 77, no.
Van Phister, Francis, 135.
Van Scheick, T., 74.
Van Schaick, Mr., 92.
Van Slyck, Maj., 49, 51, 52, 53, 54.
Van Tassells', in.
Vanvort, Peter, 43.
Van Wyck, in.
Vanzant, Isaac, 43; Lybrandt, 43.
Varennes, post at, attack and capture
of the, 252.
Vaudreuil, Rigaud de M., attack on
Fort William Henry by French, Cana
dians, and Indians under, 117; 218,
248, 525.
Vaughan, Col., 355, 375; Maj. Gen.,
commands British line, 422; 511.
Vendersteerget, Capt., 180.
Vengeance, despatches by the, 250.

INDEX.

577

Vermillion, Riviere de, encampment of
Bradstreet's troops at, 283 ; 312, 322.
Verplank's, 15, 70.
Vessel, French, arrives at New York in
distress, 363 ; inspected, 364, 365.
Vessels with unstamped clearings escape,
343 ; of British expedition to the Elk
in distress, 435, 438 ; American, left
at Elk, 443 ; British, at Billingsport,
489 ; forage, arrive in Philadelphia,
489.
Victory, schooner, 255, 273, 279, 286,
290, 292, 305.
Vienna, 7.
Vigilant, frigate, 428, 466 ;. rescues for
agers of the 15th regiment. 500.
Villejoint, La Riviere de, encampment
of Bradstreet's army at, 281, 282;
317. 322.
Villex, Mons., 109.
Virginia, 147 ; Acadians sent to, 196 ;
officer from, captured, 454 ; capes of,
French fleet off the, 503 ; regiment
of horse, 513.
Volunteers, British, of New York, at
tack rebels, 426.
Vonstretchett, Gerardus, 541.

Wabbogomigats, Indian chief, 290.
Wack, George, 541.
Waits Town, Vt., lands in, reserved by
Gov. Moore for his family, 357 ; 379.
Waldeckers, battalion of, at Amboy,
421.
Walker, Sir Hovenden, 401 ; troops of,
encamped on Noddle Island, 401 ;
Thomas, British engineer, 523.
Wallace, Admiral Sir James, rescues
schooner Alert, 481, 483; Lieut.,
121.
Wallingford, resolves of, 365.
Walsh, Col., 117.
Warburton's regiment, 160, 173, 177.
Warden, George, 541.
Warraden, Peter Van, 539.
Warren, The Admiral, 456.
Warren, burning of town of, 498.
Washington, Gen., 121, 130; British
commissioners with a cargo of pictures
of, 136; 137; at Corryell's Ferry,
422 ; at Smith's Clove, 428 ; order of,
on expected attack by British at Wil
mington, 451 ; headquarters of, 462 ;
postpones cartel, 481 ; 490; movement
of army under, 503, 504; leaves
White Plains, 513, 517-
Washington's Guards cut to pieces,
5'3-

Washington, American frigate, fired,
490.
Wassong, Ojibway chief, 283, 286, 288,
290 ; conspiracies of, 345.
Waterhouse, Capt., 54.
Waterman, Mr., court-martial and sen
tence upon, 98, 102, 103 ; William,
109.
Watkins, James, a deserter, 89.
Watson, Henry, 523.
Wayne, Gen. Anthony, attacked by
Grey, 455; 518.
Webb, Ensign, of the 48th, 14 ; Maj.
Gen. Daniel, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 38, 45,
46, 48, 50, 55, 56, 57, 59, Co, 62,
116, 389 ; Hannah, 98.
Webb's regiment, 177, 217.
Weedon, Gen. George, crosses the
Schuylkill, 469; 518.
Weehawken, 70.
Welburn, Eriel, Sergt., captured by the
British, 496.
Welch Fusileers, attack Americans, 444.
Wells, Sergt., 83.
Welsh, Col., 158.
Wemyss' Corps, attacks Americans,
445-
W  tw  h pays for lumber secretly
furnished British by loyalists, 483.
West, Maj., 97, 98, no.
West's, 66.
Westchester, levellers of, threats of,
361, 363; committee of, at King's
Bridge, 363 ; opposed by Sons of
Liberty, 363.
West Creek, saw mill and log house at,
83-
Westenong, Pottawatomies from, 290.
West Ferry, post at, 47.
Westfield, 130; British army at, 424.
West Gate Bastion, Louisbourg, 170,
173, I7S-
West Indies, expedition of Gen. Grant
to the, 143.
Weston, Capt. George, 35, 45, 46, 48,
49, 51, 53, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 142,
175, 176, 523- , ^T
Whales, one ashore at the Narrows,
386; white, observed, 201.
Wheeler, Ensign Thomas, 517, 534.
Wheelock, Capt., 95.
White Clay Creek, Americans at, 444,
447-
White Horse Tavern, 453.
White, Hugh, 109.
White Island, 201, 202.
White man,unscalped head of,on a stick,
Indians' sign of no thoroughfare, 307.

578

INDEX.

White Plains, American army at and
near, 507.
Whiting, Col. Nathaniel, 88, 89 ; Capt.
Samuel, 83.
Whiting's regiment, 78, 83.
Whitmore, Maj. Gen. Edward, 159; 163;
165 ; action of, at the Citadel Bas
tion, Louisbourg, 165 ; 168 ; grena
dier of, scalped, 208.
Whitmore's regiment, 177.
Whoreldll road, British fleet at Lewis-
town, near, 501.
Whores Town, burned, 190.
Widows, the, 77.
Wilkins, Mr., no.
Wilkinson, Capt., 390.
Willagars, the, near Schenectady, 254.
Willard, Col. Abijah, 92.
Willard's regiment, 83, 105.
Willett, Mr., 68.
Willett's, 53.
Williams, Chailes, Sons of Liberty visit
house of, 349 ; threatened with the
pillory, 350.
Williams, Capt. John, 11, 13, 14, 32,
34. 35, 45, 46, 47, 5', 56, 57, 58, 61,
62, 63, 67, 70, 71, 73; wounded, 84,
85 ; 89, 92, 94, 95, 96, 99, 103, 108,
I", 323, 327, 3&5, 374, 523-
Williamson, Capt., 60, 62, 63, 64, 153,
160, 162, 175, 176, 228; Capt. S.,
156 ; Capt. Lieut. Adam, 523 ; Capt.-
Lieut. Thomas, 523 ; Col., 50, 59,
¦ 65, 144; Lieut., 47, 49, 218; Mr.,
23, 38, 45, 46, 48, 51-
Willianouze, Capt., 59.
Willis, Capt., an American deserter,
452.
Willocks, Lieut, of Sixty-ninth Regi
ment, 388.
Willymore, Capt., 64.
Wilmington, garrison at, 137 ; Seventy-
first British Regiment take possession
of, 451 ; American ordnance left at,
451 ; British detachment from, 467 ;
American deserters from, 492.
Wilmot, Capt.. 83, 105.
Wilson, Gen. Sir Thomas, 477 ; Mr. ,
99-
Winchelsea, frigate, 153.
Windsor, bomb-catch, 151.
Whine, Francis, carpenter, 43.

Winter Harbor, in Chesapeake Bay,
438.
Winthrop, John, Gov., hens of, pro
prietors of Governor's Island, 401.
Wolf, Gen., profile likeness by John
Montresor of, 5 ; 65, 67 ; lands near
Quebec, 87, 88 ; raises batteries
against Quebec, 88 ; express from
Lake George to, 88; unfavorable news
about, 95; death of, 102; 116, 159,
160; opens batteries, 161, 162; in
cessant action between the French
and, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168;
170 ; movements of, 205, 207, 208,
210, 211, 212, 215; list of troops
under command of, 217 ; 218; redoubt
near Montmorency constructed by,
221 ; 234.
Wolfe, schooner, 245.
Wollwarth's Hessian brigade, 493.
Wood, William, 534, 538.
Wood bridge, 136.
Woodford, Gen. William, 518.
Wooster, Gen. David, 93.
Wooster's Regiment, 83.
Worden, Capt., 34, 48.
Wraxall, Capt., 64; Mr., 30.
Wray, Capt., 47; Mr., commissary at
Albany, 332.
Wright, Leonard, 541 ; Lewis, 12.
Wrightson, Capt., 105, 106.
Wyandot Indians, 253, 275, 278, 301 ;
upper village of the, 311.
Wyhasser, Mr., 195.
Wyoming, British success at, 506 ;
capture and massacre at, 507.
Yellow Springs, the, Pa., 324.
Yonkers, 15, 70.
York, Capt., 67, 68.
York, frigate, 176.
York Provincials, 255 ; desertion of,
266 ; court martial of the command
ing officer of the, 288.
Young, Col., 19, 23 ; reinforces Fort
William Henry, 25 ; 29.
Yverdun, 7.
Zebra, frigate, 509, 510.
Zele, Le, French ship of war, 504.
Zephyr, Le, French frigate, 180.

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