YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY A DICTIONARY OF SAINTLY WOMEN GEORGE BELL AND SONS tONDOy : POBTUGAL ST., LINCOLN'S INN CAMBRIDGE: DEIGHTON, BELL & CO. NEW YOP.K : THE MACMILLAN CO. BOMBAY : A. H. WHEELER & CO. A DICTIONARY OF SAINTLY WOMEN BY AGNES B. C. DUNBAR IN TWO VOLUJSIES YOLUME I LONDON GEOEGE BELL & SONS YORK HOUSE, PORTUGAL STREET, LINCOLN'S INN, W.C. 1904 KzU57 tlo CAEOLINE VISCOUNTESS SHEEBEOOKE THIS BOOK IS BT PER31IS.SI0N DEDICATED PREFACE For nearly half of a long life it has been my vocation to collect and arrange legends and records of women worshipped as saints or so considered. Although the work has been to me a sanctuai-y from the anxieties and vexations of daily life, I have, during the whole time, been painfully conscious of my unworthiness to write on the subject of saints, and my inability to approach the degree of excellence to which such a book might attain in better hands. From the mass of information — often contradictory — concerning this vast multitude, I have selected the most remarkable incidents. Some of these are chosen on account of the historical importance of the heroine, her noble character or wonderful gifts, or because of some interesting side-light which they shed on customs or beliefs of her time and country. Some few stories have been included as examples of the extreme absurdity to which these memorials have reached. Where there are several saints of one name they are arranged chronologically. My information has been gathered largely from the Ada Sanctm-um of the Bollandists, from the histories of the various countries and religious orders to which these saintly women belonged, from collections of Lives and legends, and from many other sources. Authorities are given for each article. A list of the books con sulted will be found at the end of the second volume. I have generally abstained from criticising or expressing a personal opinion. Where I have said that a story is untrue or an author untrustworthy, the statement is made on the authority of some accredited Catholic writer. There are moments when it seems as though the presenting of a subject so remote from modern tendencies almost asks for an apology. If such be needed, let it be found in the reflection that in the same way as the monasteries preserved the slumbering germs of culture and civilization through hundreds of years of barbarism, so, throughout the darkness of the Middle Ages and the spirit-deadening struggle viii PREFACE for material prosperity, it was b§' those who are remembered as saints that the light of the Christian ideal was kept alive. It appears that there is at present in English no complete dictionary of the Christian saints. When such a work comes to be written I trust that my book may be of use to the compiler. Meanwhile, I hope that readers will find in these pages any sainted woman for whom they are likely to loolc and some of whom they probably never heard. I owe a great debt of gratitude to the kind friends who have helped me in various ways. Many of them have passed over the darlc river ; to those Avho remain I offer heartfelt thanks. I commend my subject to the toilers and the idlers of the busy world, and my work to their indulgence. A. B. C. D. London', September, 1904. ABBBEVIATIONS AA.SS. A.R.M. B.c. M. Mart. O.S.A. . O.S.B. . O.S.D.O.S.F. . Prtutcr. RM. . Ven. . V. + Acta Sanctorum. Appendix to Roman Martyrology. Bleaaed. circa. Martyr, martyred. Martyrology. Order of St. Augustine. Order of St. Benedict. Order of St Dominic. Order of St. Francis. Prtetermissi. Roman Martyrology. Venerable. Virgin. Died. EKRATxV Abia : for " Thecla (1)," read " Tuecla (16)." Anna (10) : for " Legnitz,'' read " Lelgnitz." Basilica (2) : for •' I'laoidia (1)," read " Pl.^cida." Benedicta (17) : for " Varasio," -read " Varcse." Britta (1) : for " July :;," read " July 1 3." Catherine (10) : for " Varasio," read " Varese." Dionysia (0) : for " Victoria (19)," read " Victoria (24) " Emily (1) : for " Nyassu,'' read "Xyssa." A DICTIOXAEY OF SAINTLY WOMEN St. Aagot, Agatha. St. Ab, EiiBA. St. Abba or Alla, May 7, M. in Africa, with an immense number of ¦others, of whom about 90 are named. AA.SS. Boll, from the 3Iarf. of St. Jermiie. B. Abbatissa, first abbess of thc Order of the Holy Ghost at Salamanca, about 11th century. Guenebaalt, Bic. Iconograjpliiqne. St. Abda, March 31, M. in Africa. Mart. Ehinoriense. AA.SS. St. Abdela (Adela, Adla), 1.3th centTiry. Priucess of Bohemia. Abbess of Gerenrhoda. Half-sister of St. Agxes of Bohemia. Daughter of Premislaus Ottocar I., king of Bohemia (1195-12.30), by his wife Abdela or Adela, daughter of Otto, margrave of Meissen. The queen was divorced, cither on the ground of consanguinity or on account of her siding with her brother in a quarrel with the king. Sho then became a Cistercian nun at "VVasscnbnrg, in Meissen, leaving, besides Abdela, two daughters and a son. Fabricius, Origine,i Saxonvm, numbers St. Abdela amoug tho sainta of Saxony. Chauowski, Bohemia Pia. Dlugosch, HiM. Pohnica, ii. G40. Palacky, Geschichte v-jh Boh- meii, ii., Genealogical Table. St. Abia, otherwise Mariam^.^ (3). Ser. Thecla (1). St. Abiata, V. M. See Bahuta. St. Abundantia (1), Jan. 29, called in French Auonda^-oe or Eo^"DE. A widow who lived at Spoleto, find buried St. Gregory and other martyrs there, during thc persecution by Dio cletian, c. 300. Jacobilli, Santi DeW Umbria. St. Abundantia (2), V. Jan. 10 and July 15. "j- 80i. Eei«'esented as a child, before the imago of the Virgin Mary, receiving a golden apple from the Infant Jesus. Born at Spoleto, of parents who had long been childless. Her birth was announced by the spon taneous ringing of the bells of the town. At her baptism lamps were lighted without human hands. One day, when about eight years of age, she was seized with a longing for a golden apple she saw in the hand of an image cf the Infant Christ in His mother's arms. He gave it to her. Slie ran to fetch. Him a bouquet in return, and although it was mid-winter, sho found plenty of beautiful flowers, which she gathered and presented to tho Holy Child. Majolo, or Nicholas, abbot of St. Mark's, at Spoleto, undertook her education. He took her to Palestine, where she remained some years. Sho spent five years as a recluse in thc cave of St. Onuphrius, and then, as her father kept constantly asking fo have her home again, sho returned to Spoleto. At her father's death she gave .all her inherit ance to the poor. The same raj-sterious ringing of bells which lifiiled her birth was also heard at her death, in S04 ; and where her funeral passed, leaves and flowers burst forth in January, and angels wore heard to sing Veni sponsa Christi. She performed miracles of hcalinff iu life and after her death. ST. ABYCE Ferrarius, Catalogus, Jan. 1 9. Bncelinus, 3Ien. Ben., July 15. Guerin, Dec. 25. Cahier, Caracieristiqiies, "Images." Petin, Die. Hag. St. Abyce or Abycia, Aug. 24, prioress in England, according to Guerin and Petin. Perhaps a mistake for St. Alice Rich, who is honoured on this day. St. Acacia, March 29 (Acatia, Achatia, Aciiatio, Achaetio), M. at Antioch, with about 250 others. Boll. AA.SS. from old MS. Martyrologies. SS, Acapis, Cionia, and Herene, with IxGESiANA, Saturninus, and Secundus, April 1. Mentioned in Mart. of Beichenau. The first three appear to be Agape, Chionia, and Ikene. St. Achachildis or Atzin. llth century. Supposed to be a sister of St. Cuxegund, the empress. Achachildis is represented: (1) presenting five in fants to her husband ; (2) performing various charitable miracles. She had five children at a birth, after which she and her husband took a vow of celibacy. She passed her life as a benefactor of the poor. Her tomb was found, in 1447, at Wendelstein, near Schwabach. On the stone was an inscription, calling her a holy woman and founder of the parish church of the place. After the discovery of the grave, many miracles of heaUng occurred, especially on behalf of children, and gifts of wax and many other offer ings were made in consequence. The place afterwards became protestant, and tho worship ceased. Stadler und Heim, Heiligen Lexihon. St. Achartio, Acacia. St. Achatia, Acacia. St. Achatio, Acacia. St. Achia, Echea. St. Acrabonia and Askama, June 29, otherwise Deuris and Cauia, wives of Agrippa, who were converted by St. Peter from a sinful life to virtue and Christianity. Honoured in the Abys sinian Church. Papebroch, in AA.SS. St. Acrosia, June 29, a disciple of St. Peter the apostle. Honoured in the Abyssinian Church. Boll. AA.SS. Petin, Bic. Hag. St. Acteie, June 2G, at Eome. 2Iarl. of BdcJtenau. St. Actinea and Grzeciniana, YV. MM., June 16. Time of Diocletian aud Ufaximian. Their bodies were dis covered in tho monastery of SS. Justu.'i and Clemeut at Volterra in 1140, by persons who were excavating in search of the bodj' of St. Clement, a Camaldolese monk. Boll. AA.S.S. St. Acuta (l;, Jan. 3, M. in Africa. AA.SS. St. Acuta (2),^\pril 15, M. in Mesopotamia. AA.SS. St. Acuta (3;, May G, M. at Milan, supposed in the time of Maximian. Mentioned this day, among many others, iu the MS. Martyrology of Epternac and others. St. Ambrose, bishop of Milan (4th century), in a sermon on the festival of SS. Xazarius and Celsus, says, " Other cities boast if they have the relics of one Martyr, but Milan possesses a population of Martyrs." Boll. AA.SS. St. Acutina or Aguii.va, April 12, one of 79 martyrs, commemorated to gether in the Martyrologi/ of St. Jerome. Henschenius, Boll. AA.S.S. Ada. The following are among the variants of the names commonly written Ada, Alice, Adelaide : — Adalheidis, Adalikda, Addct.a, Adela, Adelaide, Adelais, Adeleidis, Adelheit, Adeliza, Adeloja, Adeneta, Adilia, Adna, Ad- NBTTA, AdOXETTE, ADltECHILD, AdEE- HILDIS, Adulla, Aelicia, Aeliz, Aethel- iiEiTHA, Al aides, Alais, Alaysia, Aletha, Aleydis, Auth, Alix, Aliz, Alizette, Alizox, Ateis, Athala, Athila, Athelais, Azelia, Elizabeth, Ethel, Ezelisd, Hadala, Hadelog.\, Odilia, Oihilia, Zelie, etc. St. Ada, Dec. 4 (Ade.veta, Adxa, Adnetta, Adonette, Adicechild, Adee- HiLDis), Gth or 7 th century. Abbess. Niece or granddaughter of St. Engelbert, bishop of Le Mans (Nov. 7). She was a, nun at Soissons, and Engelbert promoted her to be abbess there, and afterwards transferred her as abbess to the monastery of Pre (St. Julian do Prato) at Le Mans. Bncelinus, 3Ien. Ben. Petin, Bic. Hag. Bic. des Ahhayes. Gyneaeiun. St. Adalasenda, Dec 25, June 30 (Adalsendis, Adalsixd), Y. Daughter of St. Eictkude, and nun under her at ST. ADELA Marchiennes. Died vory youug, but had already attained to great perfection in holiness. One of a family of saints. Bntler, Lives. Petin, Bic. Hag., says, Nuu, under her sister, St. Euskdia, at Hamaj"-. St. Adalinda, the Empuess Adelaide. St. Adaloja, Hadeloga, abbess of Kitzingen. St. Adalsendis or Adalsinej, Adal.a- senda. St. Adausia or Adavlsa, Aug. 29, M. at Eome. Boll. AA.SS. St. Addula, Adela of Pfalzel. B. Adela (l), Nov. 23. c. GoO or 664. Of tho blood of tho dukes of Aiistrasia. Mother of St. Tron, or Trndo, or Truyen, priest. Buried on her own estate at Zcleem, near Dist, iu Brabant. Some of Adela's bones are preserved in the Benedictine monastery founded by her son, at the place since called St. Trond. He died iu G93. Le Miro, Fasti Bclg. Butler, Lives of the Fathers, " St. Tron," Nov. 23. Gynecieum. St. Adela (2), Dec 24 (Addvla, Athela, and perhaps Adolena), founder and abbess of Pfalzel (Palatiolum), "j" c. 734. St. Iumika of Horres and St. Adela of Pfalzel were daughters of Dagobert IL, king of Austrasia, some times called Saint, and honoured Dec 23. Adela married Alberic, and had several children. About 700, being a widow, she took the veil in a monastery built for her by Dagobert and St. Mod- wald, or Eodcald, archbishop of Treves, at Pfalzcl ou the Bloselle. The arch bishop's sister, St. Severa, was the first abbess, and was succeeded by Adela. She is probably that Adolcna to whom Sr. Elfleda wrote to bespeak her kind ness and hospitality for another English abbess on her way to Eome, supposed to be B. Withburlia (2). St. Boniface visited her convent ou his way from Prisia to Thuringia, about 722. She had at tho timo a grandson, named Gregory, staying with her, a boy of fourteen or fifteen, who read aloud from the Holy Scriptures while the nuns and their guest were at dinner. St. Boniface remai-ked that he read very well, and bade him explain the passage. This the boy could not do. and Boniface took up the subject and preached to the whole community with so much eloquence and impressiveness that Gregory told Lis grandmother he must go with tho holy man and become his pupil. Adela ob jected to let her darling go and travel in heathen lands and unexplored wilds ; but he feared no danger, and far from listen ing to any dissuasion, he said if Lis grandmother :vould not give him a horf e, as became tho grandson of a king, Le would follo^v the missionaries on foot. Adela saw in the earnestness of tho "cLild a divine call, and furnished him with. what was necessary for the expedition. From that day Gregory never left St. Boniface, until Le witnessed his martyr dom at Docking, or Dockum, iu Fries- land. Achery and Mabillon give a copy of Adela's will, in which sLe leaves every thing to her convent, except an estate which she bequeaths to Ler son Alberic. They call her "pious "rather thaQ"saiiit," as Ler worshij) seems uncertain. She is commemorated in the French Martyro logy, Dec. 24, and honoured with Ler sister Irmina in several martyrologies. Wion, Lignum 'Vitse, p. 520, calls Ler "Saint Athela." Vies des Saintes de France. Lelong, Bihl. Hist de France. Achery and Mabillon, AA.SS. O.S.B., II, 498, Ss«c. iii. pars. i. p. 531, etc. P^tin, Bic. Hag. Brower, Sidera. Ceillier, Aiiteura sacres. Adela, Irmina, and Clo tilda form one of the Triads, wLo were probably Leathen tribal goddesses. TLe pilgrimages to their sLrines and the ritea there observed retain traces of paganism. Eckenstein. St. Adela (3), Jan. S (AdklaYs, Apel-UDe). ¦(¦1071. Princess of France.. Countess of Flanders. Abbess of 3Iee- sene. The countess-gne. She was educated in a cloistei^ and was a pious, sensible, and studious girl. Her parents, having lost a muchJoved son in battle, determined to dedicate a large portion of their wealth to the service of God. They accordingly built and richly endowed a monastery at Wiffich. Ade laide was appointed abbess of the new house, but before entering on this important charge she went to learn the regular observance in the monastery of Notre Dame du Capitole at Cologne. She ruled the house at WUlich for several years, and was distii^ished fo:' her charity, humility, and self-denial. Her mother, Geeberg, became a nun under her, and died at Wilbch ; her father, B. Mongo, lived three yeai-s 10 ST. ADELAIDE longer, and Adelaide buried him at WillicL beside her mother. His day is Dec. 19. Her sister Bertrade was abbess of Notre Dame at Cologne. The fame of Adelaide's sanctity spread over the whole diocese, so that, on the death «f Bertrade, the bishop invited Adelaide to be her successor. She removed to Cologne, and spent the remaining three years of her life there, still, however, maintaining constant intercourse with and a motLerly interest in her WillicL. SLe is said to Lave wrougLt many miracles both before and after her death. She procured by Ler prayers an abundant and unfailing spring of water in a place near Willich, where the peasants were in great distress for want of it. One of her nuns had so harsh a voice that she destroyed the harmony of the choir when she joined in the hymns ; but Adelaide struck her on the cheek, and she became permanently possessed of a voice so sweet and powerful as to be a great acquisition to the musical services of the community. Certain nuns were long too ill to join in the common employ ments of the rest, but when she rebuked them as useless and expensive, they at once recovered. She died at Cologne about 1015, and the nuns of Willich wished to have her buried amongst them ; but St. Heribert, the bishop, said he would not give np the body of the holy abbess on any account, not even if they could give him the body of St. Agatha for it. Adelaide, however, showed her preference for her first monastery, for her coffin floated up the Ehine without oars to Willich, and there she was buried. AA.SS. Helyot, Ordres Monastiques, y. 63. Bncelinus, Men, Ben. B. Adelaide (5) of Susa, Dec. 19. c. 1010-1091. " The mighty Mar chioness," countess of Turin. Eegarded as one of the founders of the house of Savoy. That family was already extend ing its borders on the ruins of the kingdom of Burgundy, but its first footing in Italy was given to it by the marriage with Adelaide, elder daughter and heir of Manfred, marquis of Susa, whose rule extended from the top of the Alps to tho Dora Baltea and the Po. His wife was Bertha, daughter of Aubert, marquis of Ivrea, and sister of Hardouin, king of Italy. Adelaide married three times: (1) Herman, duke of Suabia ; (2) Henry of Montferrat; (3) Odo of Savoy. It is supposed that she was not very young at the time of her first marriage. The marquisate of Susa could not be held by a woman, but sLe could transfer Ler claim to Ler Lusband. Accordingly, Herman obtained tLe investiture of tLe marquisate from Lis stepfatLer, tLe Emperor, Conrad II. Herman died, still young, in 1038, and Adelaide took upon herself the government of her father's inheritance. She soon married again, and it was not long before she was again a childless widow. In 1044 she married Odo, sen of Humbert, of the race of the counts of Savoy, lord of the countsLips of Maurienne and Tarantaise, one of the most powerful princes of the kingdom of Burgundy. Humbert died in 1048, and was succeeded by his eldest son Amadeus I., surnamed Cauda, and he, in 1069, was succeeded by his brother Odo, the husband of Adelaide. Little is known of him ; Adelaide is the more prominent person. With mascoline courage and energy, she knew right well hovv to rule. It Tvas of immense import ance to the family destined to become so great that Adelaide could hold the command of the Burgundian as well as the Italian possessions of tho house. Far and wide the marchioness of Susa was known as a woman of no less decision than prudence. As her sons Peter and Amadeus grew up, she used them as assistants, but kept the power in her own hands. She maintained order and justice in her territories. She was grasping and hard, rather feared and respected than beloved. Her neighbours had to be on the alert. She more than once took up arms against her own towns. She waged a long war with the citizens of Asti, and in 1070 she took the town and destroyed it. The year before that she had besieged Lodi and reduced it almost to a heap of rubbish. Thousands of persons were killed; cloisters and churches were not spared. She inflicted so much misery that when she asked the ST. ADELAIDE 11 Pope for absolution Le Lad difficulty in devising a suflicient penance for Ler. She was in touch with all the conflicting movements of that restless time, yet carried away by none of them, and although upright and conscientious, sLo kept Ler eye constantly on tLe interests of Ler own family and country. SLe was an entLusiastic partisan of tLe German Imperial side against the Pajial party ; but still she was religious, and favoured tLe ecclesiastical reforms tLen emanating from Eome, including steps and protests against simony and tLe marriage of tLe clergy. Snch was the woman whose alliance was sought by the Emperor, Henry IIL, the Black, in order to balance the power of two other masculine and masterful women, the marchioness Beatrice of Tuscany, and her daugLter tLe countess Matilda, wLose influence was often in tLe opposite scale to Lis interests. In 1055 Le be- trotbed Lis son Henry at five years old to BertLa, tLe eldest daugLter of Ade laide. In less than a year that good Emperor died. Henry IV. and Bertha were married July 13, 1066, but the young Emperor meantime Lad fallen into bad Lauds, and suspected everybody. He supposed Lis wife to be a tool of Lis enemies, and, uotwitLstandingLer beauty and amiability, Le lived apart from Ler, and in 1069 declared Lis intention of being -divorced, altbougL Le made no accusation against her. This resolution was, however, overruled, and when almost under compulsion he brought her to court, he fell in love with her, and they continued to be devotedly attached to each other as long as Bertha lived. Instead of the brotherly co-operation of the Emperor and Pope when Henry III. planned reforms with Leo IX. and his successor, Victor IL, twenty years after wards, there was a long and obstinate struggle going on between Gregory VII. (the famous Hildebrand) and Henry IY. A violent-tempered, self-indulgent youth like Henry could never be the victor in a long and complicated dispute and rivalry with Gregory, a far-seeing, patient, determined man of extraordinary ability and blameless life. In 1076 Henry drew upon himself the ban of the Church, which gave strengtli to many powerful rebels in Lis own country, wLile it Lampered and depressed Lis adLerents. It was most imxiortant to all his interests to have the sentence re scinded, and for tLis purpose Le resolved to go aud meet the Pope, wLo was now on Lis way to cross tLo Alps and enter Germany, there to hold a council, wLich would probably depose the Emperor and set up in his place Eudolph of Suabia, who was married to Adelaide's younger daughter Adelaide. Henry's mother, B. Agnes, empress, was in great grief. about him, but although Gregory had a warm regard for her, she was of little account in politics, and was powerless to help or guide her son. In his dire distress Adelaide of Susa undertook to assist him, and but for her aid he would probably have lost his crown and his liberty. At the same time, she exacted from his necessity some increase to her own dominions, for she bargained for the cession of five rich bishoprics as the reward of her assistance. Beauregard supposes that tho advan tage she then obtained from her son-in- law was the right to certain territories and privUeges in the marquisate of Ivrea, to which she had a claim through her mother, but which sho could not grasp without the imperial sanction. She must now have been very near seventy ; but she, with her son Amadeus, came to meet the fugitive Emperor, his wife and infant son Conrad, and braved with them the hardships and difficulties of the passage across tho Alps in January, 1077. It was one of the coldest winters ever known, and the snow lay deep in Eome for weeks ; the Ehone and the Po were frozen so hard that horses and carriages passed over on the ice. The usual routes were well- nigh impassable. They had oxen led by the peasants to trample a path beforj them through the masses of snow. Thi horses proceeded with the greatest diffi culty, and some of them perished iu the struggle. Arduous as was the ascent, their plight was even worse when they had passed the summit and began to ¦ descend on the Italian side — the way was so steep and so slippery that they almost 12 ST. ADELAIDE despaired of getting any further. Creep ing, climbing, scrambling, rolling, came the men, cutting their hands on the ice. The women were dragged along in sledges made of ox-hides, the guides holding on to the ice by grappling-irons. At last they arrived at a hospitable monastery in the Val d'Aosta. They were well received in Italy, where there seemed more favour for the king, and less for the Pope, than in Germany; but even now all would be lost if Henry did not receive the Holy Father's abso lution, so, leaving his wife and child at Eeggio, he hurried on, accompanied by his heroic old mother-in-law, to Canossa, where Gregory was resting in the im pregnable castle of his devoted partisan, the countess MatUda. These two famous women had so much power in the affairs of Italy that the king's fate was, to a considerable degree, in their hands. Matilda, though devoted to Gregory, pitied the humiliations and sufferings to which the Emperor was subjected, and it was she who at length prevailed on her guest to put an end to the cruel delays and abasement of his unfortunate penitent, so that after days of miserable entreaty, during which he shivered outside the gate in the garb of the humblest penitent, on Jan. 28, 1027, he was admitted to the Pope's presence, and threw himself at his feet. Gregory gave him absolution, but made his own hard terms, to which Henry was obliged to agree. Adelaide's other son-in-law, Eudolph of Suabia, who still had a large party on his side, did not at once give up the struggle for the crown. He won a battle against Hemy, but died of his wounds the next day. Adelaide lived fourteen years after the melancholy expedition to Canossa, She was still alive wheu, in 1084, Henry led an avenging army to Eome, and compelled Gregory to take flight to Salerno. In her old age her conscience was troubled, not apparently by the slaughter of her rebellious subjects, but because she had had three husbands, SLe tried to atone for her sins by works of bene ficence, and gave bountifully to reli gious institutions. Fructuaria and other monasteries throve under her patronage. She died very old, Dec. 19, 1091, at Canischio, where the remains of her tomb are still to be seen. By her third marriage she left five children — Peter, to whom she bequeathed the marquisate of Italy ; Amadeus, called by the Italians Adelao; Odo, bishop of Asti; Bertha, the empress ; and Adelaide, who married, as his second wife, Eudolph of Suabia, the rival Emperor. He was unkind to his wife, and this circumstance was, perhaps, not without weight in Ade laide's ardent espousal of the fortunes of Henry and Bertha. Her life is promised by the Bollan dists when their calendar comes down to her day. SLe appears in Ferrarius' Catalogue of the Saints who are not in the Eoman Martyrology. She occupies an important place in every history of the house of Savoy. Frezet, Histoire de la Maison de Savoie. Costa de Beau regard, Memoire Historique de la Maison royale de Savoie. Saint-Genis, Savoie. Paradin, Chronique de Savoie. Sismondi, Histoire des Frani;ais, iii. 161. Stephen, Hildebrand and his Times. Giesebrecht, Beutschlands Kaiserzeit, iii. Biographie Universelle. Ven. Adelaide (6) Dec. 15. llth and perhaps the beginning of the 12th century. Countess of Mispilin- gen. With her husband, Aewic, or Alwic, count of Sultz, she built the con vent of Alberspac, O.S.B., in Wittem- berg, dedicated in honour of the Holy Cross, the Blessed Virgin Mary, and All Saints. In 1095, at her husband's death, she became a nun. Sho is vene rated in the monastery of Zwifalt, on the Danube, three miles above Uim. This abbey, in 1482, was joined to the congregation of Bursfeld. Gal. Christ., v., 1064, " La serie de douze abbes'' Migne, Bic. Bncelinus, Men. Ben. B. Adelaide (7), AprU 4, Sept. 1 ; translation. May 3 (Alatsia, Alice, Aleydis, Elisabeth, etc.), c. 1105 or 1110. Mother of St. Bernard of Claii-- vaux. Called by Husenbeth "Saint." Eepresented in a window on the north side of Cossey Hall Chapel, standing behind her son, St. Bernard. Daughter of Bernard, lord of Mombard. Wife of ST. ADELAIDE 13 Tescelin Sorus (sometimes called B. Tescelin), lord of Fontaines, a member of the aneient and powerful Burgundian nobility. Tescelin and Adelaide lived at the castle of Fontaines, near Dijon. They were kind aud good to their vassals and the poor ; they maintained order and propriety and religious observances in their own house. Tescelin was dis tinguished by his valour in war, but from religious motives he would never fight a duel. Adelaide nursed her seven children at her own breast, and tended them with her own hands, lest they should imbibe evil tempers or dis tempers from the milk of hirelings, or be taught anything unseemly by the attendants of their infant days. Both Tescelin and Adelaide were careful to bring up all their children in the fear of God and the love of their neighbours. Their only daughter was St. HniBELisE. Their sons were Guy, B. Gerard, St. Bernard (Aug. 20), Andrew. Bartho lomew, and Nivard. They all became monks eventually. Adelaide offered Bernard more especially to God from his infancy, and brought him up with double care and tenderness until he was . old enough to be sent to the college of Chatillon, to be trained for the priest hood. Her prayers for him were an swered, even in her life ; for Lis piety, charity, innocence, and self-denial were wonderful in one so young. His greatest fame arose from his preaching the second Crusade, 1147, under Pope Eugenius III., who had been one of his monks. Adelaide was considered a saint during her life, on account of her fasts, her hospital-visiting, and her other good deeds. She had a great devotion to St. Ambrose, and used to invite a number of clergy from Dijon to celebrate his festival. On the vigil of that day (the Great St. Ambrose's day is Dec. 7 ; but perhaps this is St. Ambro- sinian, patron of Fontaines, near Di jon, Sept. 1, as Adelaide seems to be honoured on that day), in the year 1110, she was taken ill of a fever, and next day she received the last sacra ments, and while all her clerical com pany commended her soul to God, she joined in the prayers and responses. and died. St.* Bernard was then 19 years old, and frora that time he daily recited seven psalms for her soul. She was buried in the church of tho mon astery of St. Benignus, at Dijon ; bnt, in 1250, the abbot of Clairvaux begged to have Ler body as a precious relic; it was therefore solemnly taken up and translated to Clairvaux, and the transla tion is celebrated 3Iay 3. Mrs. Jameson, Sacred and Legendary Art, and Legends of the Monastic Orders. Henriquez, Lilia Gistercii. Husenbeth, Emblems of Saints. B, Adelaide (8), of Lanckuvade, or Lonkwend, in Germany, Feb. 13, also called Aleyd the Penitent, c. 1200. She led a wicked life, and the devil tried to stifle her repentance and prevent her conversion by horrible apparitions. She became, however, a holy penitent and nun in the Cistercian convent of Lenk- wend. Bucelinus, Men. Ben. Henriquez, Lilia Cist. B. Adelaide (9), Aug. 29, 1211. Daughter of Casimir IL, king of Poland. Cistercian nuu at Trebnitz, in the mon astery built by St. Hedwig. Adelaide is probably the nun Aleydis Virgo, to whom St. Hedwig told her prescience, or second sight, of the death of her son. Henriquez, Lilia Cist. No authority for her worship. AA.SS. St. Adelaide (10), June 11, 15 (Aleth, Alix, Alizette, Alizon, etc.), 1250. At the age of 11, Adelaide of Scarbek, or Scharembeka, went iuto the Cistercian convent of La Cambre (Camera S. Mari®), near Brussels. She was soon the best scholar among the children, and continued to be distin guished more and more, for all good qualities, for several years. One day, when they were all singing in tho choir, the candle fell out of its stand, which was a sort of lantern, called ahsconsa, in use in convents. Adelaide took it in her hand, and it lighted again of itself. In order that she might have no regard for anything earthly, God afflicted Ler with leprosy; and in consequence, she \yas separated from all Ler sister nuns, wLich was a great trial. A little building was erected for Ler. She was received there by her heavenly Spouse, who promised 14 B. ADELAIDE to remain with her as long as she lived. One night a pious woman saw Adelaide's dwelling brilliantly lighted up, and going nearer, saw the saint as if she were made of flame. Once when she was very ill, it was revealed to her that she should live a whole year longer and suffer much, and that her torments should avail for the living and for the dead ; therefore, when sho lost her right eye, she offered that for the salvation of William, count of Holland, who had just been elected king of the Eomans, 1247 ; aud when she lost her left eye, she assigned the fruit of that penance to St. Louis, king of France (IX. of his name), who was then in Palestine with the crusading army. Although herself a leper, she had the privilege of curing other lepers by her touch. A golden cross was sent to her from heaven. On St. Ursula's day, she heard the nunssinging Matins,and prayed that, although excluded from the choir on earth, she might be associated with the sainted virgins in heaven ; she was answered that she should be placed not only with the companions of St, Ursula, but in a higher rank. She died 1250, and her spirit was seen to be received by Christ and the angels. Henschenius, in AA.SS. Boll., from a Cistercian writer of the 13th century, Jnne 11. Buce linus, Men. Ben., Jnne 11. A.E.M. Cist., June 15. B. Adelaide (11), or Alix, Aug. 2, countess of Blois. 1243-1288. Daughter of John I., duke of Brittany. Married, 1254, to John de Chatillon, first count of Blois. She went to the Holy Land iu 1287, and died on her return, Aug. 2, 1288. Her body was placed near that of her husband, in the abbey of la Guiche (which she had founded), near Blois. Collin de Plancy, Saintes et bienheureuses. St. Adelberga, Ethelbuega, queen of Northumberland. B. Adelina (1), Adelind. St. Adelina (2), Oct. 20. c. 1152. V. Abbess. Granddaughter of William tho Conqueror. Sister of St. Vitalis, abbot and founder of the famous Cister cian monastery of Savigny, iu Anjou. He built a house near his own, for Adelina and a community of nuns ; but after a few years he transferred them to Mortain, in La Manche, in Normandy, founded by their brother William, count of Mortain. Adelina's nunnery was popularly called Les Blanches, the White Ladies of Mortain. She died about the middle of the 12th century, and was buried at Mortain ; and about 100 years afterwards, was translated to Savigny, and laid beside her brother Vitalis and another brother, Godfrey, also abbot of Savigny. The church of Little Sod- bury, in Gloucestershire, is dedicated in her name. Boll., AA.SS. Migne, Bic. aes abbayes. Miss Arnold Forster, Bedi- cations. B. Adelind, Aug. 28 (Adelixa (1), Adeline). 8th and perhaps part of 9th century. Founder and first abbess of Buchau, or Buchen, in Suabia. Bom in the castle of Andechs. Eepresented distributing loaves to the poor. Sister of St. Hildegard, wife of Charlemagne. Married Hatto or Otho, count of Kessel- burg, who was killed, with their three sons, in a great battle against the Huns, at a place called afterwards the Valley of Tears. They had another son, a, deacon, who died of grief soon after the 'death of his father and brothers. After the Huns were driven out of Germany by Charlemagne, Adelind founded a monastery in memory of her husband and sons ; buried them within its pre cincts; took the veil, and became first abbess there. She died Aug. 28, and is honoured on this day or Aug 21. Perier, the Bollandist, in AA.SS. Petin, Bic. Hag. Moustier. Guenebault, Bic. d'Icon. St. Adeliza, Ada, Adela. St. Adeloga, Hadeloga. St. Adeltrude (1), Feb. 24, 2.5 (Aldeteudb, Madeltrude), V. 7th century. Abbess. Daughter of B. Vincent and St. Waltrude, and grand daughter of SS. Walbert and Beilth-la (1). Eepresented with rats and mice ; but this is sujiposed, by Cahier, to be a mistake for St. Gertrude. While Adeltrude was a young girl, her aunt, St. Aldegundis, like a careful house wife, ordered all the scraps of wax to be gathered together and melted into one mass in a pot. It was allowed to get too hot, ran over the edge into the ST. ADFALDUID 15 fire, and blazed up. Adeltrude rushed to the fire, and took oft' the pot, which she placed safely on tho ground without burning her hands or arms in the least — a miracle which was attributed to her great devotion to the Virgin Mary. In 660 she succeeded St. Aldegundis as abbess of the convent of Maubeuge. Boll., AA.SS., Feb. 25. Martin, Feb. 25. St. Adeltrude (2), March 19 (Adel- TRUDis, Angleteude), Y. 7th century. Daughter of Allowin, afterwards St. Bavo, patron of Ghent. Niece of St. Adilia. Adeltrude showed very early signs of piety. An angel foretold that she should never have any children, but should bring forth many good works. Her father was a worldly and dissipated man, until he was converted by the preaching of St. Amandus. He then betook himself to a life of solitude and penance, and eventually gave his estate to Amandus, to found a monastery and church, which, in 1559, became the cathedral of St. Bavon, of Ghent. Bavo died about 657. Boll., AA.SS., Mar. 19, "Lives of St. Bavo and St. Landoald." Butler, Lives. Baillet, Vies. Wion, Lignum Vitse. Le Glay, Gaule Belgique. St. Adeltrude (3), Nov. 14. 9th century. Wife of a count of Aurillac, who built a church and abbey there, under the invocation of St. Clement and rule of St. Benedict. In 855 they had a son, Gerald, whom they brought up so piously that he became a great saint. Adeltrude was buried in St. Clement's Church, where her miracles drew a great concourse of pilgrims, until the 16th century, when the Calvinists dispersed her relics. P.B. Butler, « St. Gerald," Oct. 13. St. Adelviva, Jan. 25 (Adelwiff, Adunalif, AdunalivAjEthelvive). 1048. Mother of St. Poppo, abbot. She mar- ¦ ried Tizekin, a valiant warrior of Flan ders. Her son was a seven-months' child, and snch a poor littlo specimen of humanity that he would have died as soon as he was born had not his pious grandmother, by direction of God, or at least of the common sense with which He had endowed her, wrapped him in a very soft woollen cloth, and taken great care of hira until Lo had attained the size and strength of other babies. To wards the end of tho 10th century, Tizekin was killed at Hasbain, in Bra bant, in a war between Arnulf, count of Flanders, and the sons of Eagner, or Eeguier, the Long-necked, count of Mons and Valenciennes. Adelviva was left a young widow. Poppo, liko other lads of his rank, went to the wars as soon as he was old enough. He had not long been a soldier when he joined some monks in a pUgrimage to Jeru salem. After his return, ho persuaded his mother to take the veil: According to Menard, she lived for some time in a nunnery at Verdun ; and afterwards in a cell adjoining the monastery of St. Vitus, in the same town, for it was an ancient custom, long continued in the Order of St. Benedict, that, attached to a monastery of men, were a few cells, called clusas, or inelusoria, in which one or more nuns might live. They were under the rule of tho abbot, and none but he had access to them. Her miracles began before she had retired from secu lar life. She relighted an extinguished candle by merely takingit in her hand while she was at her prayers. While she prayed at the tomb of St. Cyricns, he and St. Amandus of Utrecht and many other saints appeared to her. Poppo became abbot of Stavelo, a monastery founded by St. Eemacle, in the 7th century. A contemporary Life of St. Poppo, by Everhelm, abbot of Haumbut, is preserved by Mabillon, AA.SS., O.S.B. Mezeray,Bas<. de France. Euinart, Acta. Saussaye, Mart. Galli- canum, calls Adelviva "Saint." Buce linus and Menard say " Blessed." St. Adeneta, Ada of Lb Maxs. St. Adeodata, July 5, Tamayo, say the Bollandists, is a wonderful digger up of saints, and appears to consider that St. Gregory the Great has canonized every person whose name he mentions in his writings. Tamayo calls Adeodata a Benedictine nun, and says she was adorned with supernatural gifts^ and died in Etruria. Boll., AA.SS. St. Adfalduid or Atalduid, Sept. 30, Y. Daughter of St. Eomaric, Dec. 8. A holy nun with her sister, Sr. la ST. ADILIA Gegoeerga, under St. Mactaflede. The Bollandists mention her among the ]irsetermissi. Sept, 30. There seems to be a doubt about this daughter of Eomaric ; she is not named in the oldest accounts of his family. Saussaye calls her " Blessed." Mart. GalUcanum. St. Adilia or Odilia (2), June 30, Oct. 1, v. Abbess. O.S.B. 7th cen tury. Daughter of the count of Hainault. ¦ Sister of St. Bavo. Aunt of Adel trude (2). Abbess of St. Martin du Mont, a large Benedictine house at Orp, in Namur. Her convent was on a hill, and many pilgrims passed by the bottom of it without coming up. As hospitality was part of the rule of her Order, she buUt a church and hospice for beggars and travellers at the foot of the hill, and removed her community thither, that she might relievo their wants and be edified by the conversation of holy persons who were on pilgrimage. Migne's Bictionary says, honoured at Orp-le- Grand, near Judoque, in Brabant. Pape broch. AA.SS. Boll, Bncelinus, Men. Ben. Martin, Surius, and French Mart. Molanus, Indiculo. SS. Belgii, places xVdilia in the time of Childeric Chil- deric II. reigned during part of 670, and was the son of St. Bathildis. St, Adisela, Nov. 18, M., appears in the Labbean Mart. Boll., AA.SS. .Supplement, iii. St. Adjola or Ajola, June 1, abbess at Bourges in the 7th century. AA.SS. Boll. St. Adla, Abdela. St. Adnetta, Ada of Le Maxs. St. Adolena, Adela of Pfalzel. St. Adonette, Ada of Le Mans. Cahier, Caracteristiques. St. Adozina, Aug. 5, V. O.S.B. 10th century. Daughter of the count of Agueda, in Portugal. She imitated the heroic virtues of her brother, St. Eozendo, and followed him to the monastery of Cella Nova, in Galicia, where they took the habit of the Brothers of the Order of St. Benedict, and kept their rule. She died in the convent of Oporto. Azevedo, Pantheon. St. Adrechild, Ada of Le MLvns. St. Adrehild, Ada of Le Mans. St. Adriana (l), Sept. 17, M, in the time of the Emperor Adrian. AA.SS. Appendix. B, Adriana (2), or Hadeiana, Aug. 10, 27, July 16, O.S.F. f 1292. Sister of St. Margaret of Cortona, converted by the example of her penitence, and like her, took the habit of the Third Order of St. Francis, as did their friend B, GiLiA or Egidia of Cortona, and, both became companions of Margaret, in her works meet for repentance, and died hefore her. All three are buried in the church of the Friars Minors, ia Cortona (Jacobilli, SS. dell' Umbria^. S, F. Ordensltalendar says Adriana died immediately after winning the indul gence of Portiuncula at Assisi, and went straight into heaven, without passing through tho fires of purgatory. A note in the same calendar, Aug. 2, the Feast of Portiuncula, says that plenary in dulgence is to be had once for one's self, and afterwards for the poor souls in purgatory, as often as, after Absolution and Holy Coramunion, one visits a church of the Franciscan brothers, and prays, "nach der Meinung der katholischen Kirche." St. Adumade, Hadujiada. St. Adunalif, Adelvlva. St. iEgina, May 18 (Agna, Egena), M. at Constantinople. AA.SS. Boll. St. .^miliana. There are two of tLis name in tLe E.M. See Esiiliana. St. yErais or Herais, MarcL 4. Put to the sword, with 150 other martyrs mentioned in a MS. Menea at Grotta Ferrata, and in some other Greek calendars. AA.SS. St. Aesia, June 6 (Ayesia, Eusebia), M. 1st century. INIatron. Commemo rated with St. Zenais, or Susan, Dis ciple of St. Pancras, bishop of Tauro- menium (now Taormina), in Sicily. AA.SS. St. Affidia, or Aufidia, May 6, M. at Milan, under Maximian. AA.SS. St. Affrenia, or Afra, Oct. 9, M. P.B. St. Affrica, abbess of Kildare, 73S. Colgan. St. Afra (1), May 24, M. at Brescia, c. 133. Patron of Brescia. Wife of tho prefect of Brescia, under the Emperor Hadrian. This Emperor is represented ST. AFRA 17 in the legend as a determined persecutor of the Christians. When he visited Brescia, p.art of the entertainment pro vided for him was that two Christian brothers, SS. Faustus and Jovita, were placed in tho arena, to be devoured by lions and leopards ; the beasts, however, lay down at tho feet of tho saints, and defended them from the bears that attacked them. Tho confessors chal lenged the Emperor to order the lord of the town and his pagan priests to bring their idol Saturnus iuto the arena, say ing that if he would deliver them, they would worship the Deity. TLe idol was brouglit ; tLe bears instantly broke it in pieces, tLen threw themselves on the priests and the governor, aud tore thera limb from limb. As soon as Afra heard her husband's fate, she rushed to thc amphitheatre and assailed the Emperor with cries aud reproaches. She said he had made her a widow, and his god was powerless to help her. She threw her self at the feet of tho servants of Christ, and begged them to give her a sign whereby she might believe in the one true God. Tho Emperor tried in vain to comfort hor. He promised her a nobler husband, but she said, "I do not weep for my widowhood, but because my hus band has lost his soul." To put a stop to her abuse of his gods, Hadrian broke up the assembly. Tho two martyi-s commanded tho wild beasts to conduct Afra safely into the desert, which they did, followed by the bulls which had been turned into the arena to fight with them. Faustus and Jovita were led in bonds to Milan. There they were given for a prey to tigers and bears. These they ordered to go and join the lions and leopards in the deserts, and guard St. Afra until they should be sent for. The beasts obeyed them. The martyrs Faustus and Jovita were dragged hither and thither, and at last came to Eome, where they were again pitted against wild beasts to make sport for the people. The savage creatures humbled them selves at the feet of the saints. The gates flew open, and the beasts that had been despatched from Brescia and Milan appeared, bringing Afra with them. She lifted up her voice, and warned the people to believe in the ono true God and to repent of their sins, Faustus and Jovita reminded tho Emperor of the cir cumstances under which ho had fii-st seen Afra, and he said she must bo a sor ceress. TLe people began to cry out that the God of Faustus and Jovita must be the true God, The two confessors commanded the beasts which had bronght Afra to slay those which they found in the Eoman amphitheatre. They did so in a moment, and then harmlessly de parted. Faustus and Jovita next led Afra to the catacombs, to be baptized by the bishop, (The legend calls him Linus, but Linus was not bishop of Eome at this date.) They then all went to Milan, and thence to Brescia, where the people came out to meet them, and brought them into the city with hymns of joy. They and many of their fellow- Christians were soon condemned to death. The soldiers led them out on the road to Cremona, where they all knelt down. The men were beLeaded by gladiators, and Afra was smitten on the head by the guards with their swords, and so comjjleted her happy martyrdom. B.M. May 24, The Bollandists give her Acts, which are manifestly fabulous, on May 23, Her church, on the site of a temple of Saturn, is the oldest ecclesi astical foundation in Brescia. It was entii-ely rebuilt in the 17th century, and is now, of course, very ugly. Hare, Cities of Italy. St. Afra (2), Aug. 10, M. Honoured with 11 men, 13 virgins, aud seven soldiers. AA.SS. St. Afra (3), Dec. 18, Y. M. Mart. Corbejense. St. Afra (4) of Augsburg, Aug. 5 (Abra, Apra, etc.), M. 307. Patron of Augsburg, Meissen, and female peni tents. Eepresented with her hands tied to a stake (Liber Cronicai-um) ; bound to a tree in flames (Ilconographie) ; sur rounded with flames (Bie Attribute der Heiligen^ ; boiled in a cauldron (Husen beth, Emblems') ; holding a log or faggot, to denote that she was burned alive (Guenebault, Bic. Icon.). St. Narcissus, a Spanish Christian priest, and his deacon, Felix, being driven from their own country iu the c 18 ST. AFRA persecution under Diocletian, Lappened to come to Augsburg, and asked for hospitality at the house of Afra, not knowing that she was a courtesan. She and Ler tLree maids prepared supper for tLem, supposing them to be the sort of guests they were accustomed to enter tain. Narcissus said a prayer and sang a psalm before beginning to eat. Afra asked what Le meant hy it, and Learing tLat her visitora were Christians, she said, " You have made a mistake in coming here, for we are sinners." Nar cissus told Ler CLrist came to save sin- .Tiers, and exhorted her at once to break 'with Ler wicked life, and repent and ¦become a Christian. The four women were converted by his persuasion, aud vrLen tLe persecutors came to look for "tLe two Christians, she hid them under heaps of flax, first in her own and then in her motLer's Louse, until sLe could send them away in disguise. Her motLer's name was Hilaria ; sLe was already a Christian, and had tried in vain to convert Afra. Very soon Afra was accused of being a Christian, and of having aided the escape of persons re- ;sisting the laws. She was brought before a judge, who said, "How is it that a courtesan can be a Christian ? Yi'^here is the purity of life which the followers of Christ profess?" She answered, " I am indeed unworthy of the name of Christian, but Christ came to .save sinners. He wUl accept my mar tyrdom, and wash me from my sins." :She was condemned to be burned on an island in the 'river Lech. Her maids stood on the bank and watched her mar tyrdom. A boy went and told Hilaria that Ler daughter had beeu burnt to death, not accepting deliverance. A few days afterwarda Hilaria and the three maids were taken and put to death, and are honoured as saints and martyrs. The names of the maids were Digna, EuNOJiiA, and Euteopia. The skeleton of Afra is shown at Augsburg, in the church dedicated in her name and that of St. Ulrich ; the bones appear through the most exquisite lace, and the skull a'nd fingers are resplendent with jewels. E.M. Baillet, Vies. Butler, Lives. Dr, J. M. Neale. Mrs. Jameson, Sacred and Legendary Art. One of the Saints Valeria is said to be identical with St. Afra of Augsburg. St. Afra (5) of Poitiers, Dec. 13 (Abra, Afia, Apea), Y. 4th century. Daughter of St. Hilary, bishop of Poitiers. He was of an illustrious family iu Gaul ; was converted about 350, and became bishop about 353. On account of his opposition to Arianism, he was banished by the Eraperor Constantius to Phrygia, 356, and remained in exile three years. He left his wife at Poitiers with their only child, a girl of 13 or thereabouts. From the time of his conversion, the bishop had wished and prayed that his daughter should never be a worldly woman, but live and die a virgin consecrated to Christ ; so when, during his banishment, his wife wrote to him on the subject of a marriage that seeraed to jiromise well for her happi ness, he wrote to Afra, giving her leave to decide the matter for herself. The man whom her mother was inclined to accept for her was young, beautiful, of good character, very rich, and in every way a fit mate for a Christian maiden of good family ; but Hilary told Ler that if she would refuse him she might have a Husband more noble, more beautiful, more powerful, kinder, richer ; if she would renounce all jewels and gay clothes, her Bridegroom would give her robes of dazzling whiteness, and jewels of unimaginable splendour ; a life above all petty vexations and ambitions ; trea sures that rust and moth could not in jure ; possessions that death itself could not take away. Afra followed her father's advice, and on his return he prayed that the Lord would take her to Himself. She died happily about 360, without pain or disease. Her mother then entreated Hilary to obtain of God the same favour for her. In tho words of the Golden Legend, " Ho sent tofore his wyf and doughter," Hilary died about 36S. His letter to Afra is still extant, and so is oue of t^v•o hymns which he wrote and sent her at the same time. It begins, " Lucis Largitor splen- dide." Tillemont. Butler. AA.SS. St. Agaieta or Gaiaxa, Sept, 30, See Eipsima, SS, AGAPE, CHIONIA, AND IRENE 19 Agapa, Agape, Aoapes, and Agapia seem to be forms of the same name, generally called Agape. St. Agapa, Nov. 20, V., is mentioned in the Martyrologium EicUenoviense, i.e. the copy of tho Mart, of St. Jerome used in tho old German monastery of Eeichenau. AA.SS. SS. Agape (l), Pistis, and Elpis, Sept. 17, YV. MM. Faith, Hope, and Charity (q.v.) are so called in the Byzantine Church. Neale, Holy Eastem Church. St. Agape (2), Feb. 15. Y. M. 273. Patron of Terano, A disciple of St, Valentine, bishop of Interamna. There are several places called Interamna; this is probably Terano, She and her companions led a religions life there, and were put to death soon after their master. The inhabitants hold the festival of their patrons, of whom Valentine is chief, on four days, Feb. 14, 15, 16, 17. B.M. AA.SS. Jacobilli says St. Agape's house was not at Terano, but at a place called Fra le Torri, outside tho town of Terni; that the house was built iu 255 by St. Valen tine ; that with Agape were her sister, St. Thionia or Teonia, and 33 nuns, the chief of whom were SS. Chionia, C\STULA, and SuNCA. (Santi dell' Umbria, iii. 265.) St. Domnin.y (1) seems to be one of those honoured with them, but Jacobilli places her martyrdom three centuries later, in the time of TotUa. SS. Agape (3) and Chionia, April 3, and Irene, April 5. c. 304. Famous martyrs in the tenth persecution, which occurred in the time of Diocletian. Their names are in the Eoman Martyro logy as martyrs at Thessalonica. The legend comes down to us in different forms. I give one from the Flos Sanctorum; a second from the Acta Sanctorum, where Henschenius derives it from an ancient Life of St. Anastasia ; and a third from Baillet (April 1), who considers tLeir authentic Acts, published by Eninart, more reliable than the authority followed by Henschenius. Yega, in the Flos Sanctorum, says that SS. Agape, Chionia, aud Irene or Yrnea were the maids of St. Anastasia, and shared her imprisonment. Instead of putting thom immediately to death — as recorded in the story of St. Anastasia — the governor thought them too beautiful for such a fate, and determined to save them as slaves for himself. As they despised his clemency and. admiration, he shut them up in a kitchen. When he went to visit them, thoy became invisible. The pots and pans took their forms, so that the three saints remained unmolested wLilo the deluded govemor embraced and kissed the unresisting kitchen utensils till his face and clothes were black and dirty. WLen he came out his servants took him for a devil, struck him with their fists and sticks, and then ran away from him. He went to the Emperor to complain of their conduct, but every one thought he was mad, and began to beat him, spit at him, and throw sticks and stones at him. The devil had so completely deceived him that he could not see his own disfigurement, nor understand the reason of all this ill treatment. He thought he and his clothes were white and clean, and as everybody told him the contrary he supposed himself bewitdied by the three girls. He next ordered their clothes to be taken off. This was found impossible ; tho more the servants pulled, the tighter the saints' garments stuck to tLem. At last the governor, exhausted and puzzled, fell asleep, and slept so long and so soundly, and saoied so loudly that no one could awake him, and if the devil hasn't taken him he is snoring there still. The three Christian maidens were put to death. The second version of the story is as follows : — When St. Chrysogonus was sent to Aquileia by Diocletian, St. Anastasia, his disciple and friend, followed him to visit the iraprisoned Christians and bury the martyrs there as she had done at Eome. Chrysogonus was beheaded at Aqua G.radata (Grao, in Frinli), and his body thrown into the sea. It was soon washed ashore at a pLace called Adsaltus, a small estate where three sisters. Christians, named Agape, Chionia, and Irene, lived with an aged priest named Zoilus. They took up the body of tho martyr, and buried it witb great caro 20 SS. AGAPE, CHIONIA, AND IRENE and reverence in a subterranean chamber of the house. St. Chrysogonus after wards appeared in a dream to Zoilus, and told him that Diocletian would order the three sisters to be seized in nine days, that God would cause them to be comforted by His servant Anastasia, but that Zoilus himself should not live to see their imprisonment. While he was telling his dream to the sisters, Anas tasia entered the house, saying, " Where are my three sisters whom my master Chrysogonus recommended to my care ? " They received her gladly, showed her the place where Chrysogonus was buried, and begged her to stay some time with them. She stayed one night, and then returned to Aquileia to attend to the wants of the Christians who were in prison. As she left the house St. Zoilus went to the Lord. Diocletian soon sent for the three sisters, and asked them who had taught tliem their vain superstitions. He offered them husbands out of his own palace as the reward of their renunciation, of Christianity. As they were steadfast in the faith, he sent them to prison, where they were visited by Anastasia. There was great poverty among the Christians in those days. They all used to come to Anastasia for help. She daily prayed that she might not die until sho had expended on them the last farthing of the sum she had •obtained by the sale of her patrimony. Diocletian took the Christian prisoners to Macedonia. On his arrival there he ordered Dulcicius, tho governor, to try them all, and torture and slay those who persisted in their religion, but to ofter honours and other rewards to such as consented to sacrifice to the gods. WLen tLe three sisters were brought before him in their turn, Le was struck by tLeir beauty. Hero follows almost exactly tLe kitchen scene given in the Spanish Flos Sanctorum, except that in this version of the story Dulcicius falls asleep on the judgment-seat, and awakes when carried into his own house. Sisinnus js then appointed to continue the trial. He condemns Agape and Chionia to bo burnt. They die praying in the midst of the flames, but their bodies and even their clothes are uninjured by the fire. Irene, who was younger, was condemned to a more cruel fate. As she was being led away by guards to the place of her doom, two soldiers appeared, and said, " The governor sends us after you to order you to take Irene to the place that we will show you." They proceeded to the top of a mountain and sat down. The two soldiers told the guards to go and tell Sisinnus that Irene was there, according to his orders. When Sisinnus saw that Le was the subject of a trick, he was very angry, and rode off in haste to the mountain, where Le saw tho beautiful Irene praying and singing hymns. He rode round and round from morning until evening without ever being able to get near her. At last he was so enraged that Le took a bow from one of his attendants and shot her with three arrows. She died rejoicing that she was accounted worthy to rejoin her sisters so soon. Her body was taken by the servants of St. Anastasia and buried with those of Agape and Chionia. The third form of the legend says that SS. Agape, Chionia, and Irene were martyred at Thessalonica, in Macedonia, with their companions, Casia, Philippa, and EuTYCHiA, and a man named Agatho. The three sisters lived in their father's house at Thessalonica. They are called virgins in some calendars ; but it is more probable, from their answers during the trial, that they were all married. Y'hen Diocletian ordered the destruction of all the sacred books of the Christians, they found a safe hiding-place for their owu and some others that belonged to the community. They fled to a mountain, where they remained hidden from their persecutors for a year. When they were brought to trial, they were careful not to betray those who had fed or otherwise assisted them in their trouble. They declared that their father did not know- where they were during that time, and that the books were hidden from their most intimate friends ; " even," said Irene, " from our husbands." Agape and Chionia were burnt to death. Euty- cliia, who was a widow, was remanded to prison until after tho birth of her chUd, whioh was imminent. Dulcicius, the ST. AGATHA 21 governor, tried to persuade Irene, who was much younger than Ler sisters, to renounce their superstitions. He was exasperated at her firmness. Seeing that she wished to sh.ire the martyrdom of her sisters, and did not fear the flames, he condemned her to degradation, and ordered her to bo kept in a place where every one should have power to insult her._ She was to be guarded by one Zosimus, who was to bring Ler a loaf from the governor's palace every day. Zosimus and all his servants were to bo put to death if Irene stirred from the place. She was, however, miraculously defended from all harm, and after a few days Dulcicius had her burnt in the place where her sisters had glorified God in the same manner a few days before. The subsequent fate of their com panions is not told, but the Church honours them among the martyrs. SS. Agape (4), Domna' (i), and Theophila (2), Dec. 28. E.M. See Domna. Besides the above, seven saints of the name of Agape are commemorated as martyrs in the early persecutions. St. Agapia, May 31, M. at Gerona, in Spain. AA.SS. St. Agapia sometimes means Agape. St. Agatha (1), Feb, 5, V. M. 2.51. Called in Norway Aagot ; in Spain Agueda and Gadea; in different parts of France, Apt, Aphte, Apthe, Chaphtz, Chapthe, Chatte, Ye; in the Euthe- nean Calendar, Ag.ata. She is one of the great patronesses of the Western Church ; her name is in the canon of the Mass. She is patron saint of the island and Order of Malta; of Scala near Amalfi, Gallipoli in Italy, Capua, Messina, Catania, Mirandola; and of nurses. Her aid is specially in voked against fire, colic, and diseases of the breast. Eepresented in the midst of flames, or with her breasts being cut oft'. Husen beth says there is a picture of her in the Pitti Palace at Florence, by Sebastian del Piombo, in which executioners are cutting off her breasts, and that a repre sentation of her was formerly to be seen on the rood screen of St. John's Church in the Maddermarkot at Norivich, hold ing her left breast ia pincers. Palermo disputes with Catania the honour of being her birthplace. She was living at Catania when Quintianus, governor of Sicily, persecuted the Chris tians in the reign of the Emperor Deciu-s, in the seventh general persecution of the Church. He wished to take St. Agatha for hiraself, on account of her great beauty ; but being unable to make any impression on her, hc gave her in charge to Frondisia, a wicked woman with nine daughters worse than herself, promising them great rewards if they could seduce Agatha from Christianity and virtue. As they failed to do so, she was brought before the governor and tried as a Chris tian. Being asked who she was, she answered, "I am a Christian, and the servant of Jesns Christ." " Abjure thv Master," said Quintianus, "and serve our gods, or I will have thee tortured." She was then bound to a pUlar, and her breast torn with iron shears ; she was rolled on potsherds, and after various other tortures, she was cast into a d\m- geon. St. Peter, attended by an angel carrying a torch, appeared to her and healed her wounds with ointment. Quin tianus, finding that she was healed cf the wounds inflicted by the torturers, ordered her to be burnt alive ; but no sooner was she placed in the fire than an earthquake shook the city. The people, believing it to be on account of the Christian maiden, insisted on her imme diate release from the flames, and threat ened to burn down the governor's palace if he did not comply with their demand. She was again put in prison, but prayed that she might die at once, which shs did, and was buried by the Christians in a porphyry tomb. About a year after wards the city was threatened with de struction by an eruption of Mount Etna. All the inhabitants fled for refuge to Sr. Agatha's tomb. They took her veil, which was kept there, fixed it on a lance, and went in procession to meet tbe torrent of lava. The glowing mass was coming close to the walls, but when con fronted witL the sacred relic it turn©.! aside. All the heathen wLo -iritnessed this miracle were converted and baptized. 22 ST. AGATHA Soloraon's Song viii. 8 is supposed by some theologians to foretell the tortures of St. Agatha. Her name is in the Boman Martyro logy, the Canon of the Mass, the Leg- gendario delle Sante Vergini, aud all the chief collections of lives or legends of saints. Her Acts are said by Baillet to be of doubtful authenticity, especially those preserved in the Greek ChurcL. Her worship is undoubtedly very old. It was universal in Italy in the 4th century, and in Africa in the 5th. Her commemoration by the Church has this peculiarity, which it shares with that of St. Agnes, that the psalms of her office are taken from the " Common of Saints " of the male sex, to remind the faithful of the super-feminine courage of the holy maiden. He adds that the schis matic English, though they have ex punged her name from their new liturgy, have retained it in their calendars, that the people may not forget the virtues of the early martyrs. E.M. Golden Legend. Yillegas, frora Bede, Usuard, and Metaphrastes. Mrs. Jameson, Sacred and Legendary Art. AA.SS. Thiers, Traite des superstitions. In Norway, the legend is that she was brushed to death, wherefore girls abstain from brushing their hair on her diiy. Another legend in that country is that a lady named Agathe, or Aagot, had her nose aud ears eaten off by mice. They only spared the rest of her body on her vowing to keep St. Agatha's day holy ever after. This story is told also of St. Gertrude of NiveUe. The day is marked on the clogs (runic calendars) by a mouse. Aagot's Messa was the Norwegian name of the day. Eeport xx. ^ of the Cambridge Antiquarian Society, " Bescription of a Norwegian Calendar of tho Fifteenth Century." St. Agatha (2), May 8. One of tho many martyrs at Byzantium, commemo rated with St. Acacius, a native of Cap padocia and a Eoman centurion. Their names are not mentioned in his Acts, given by Henschenius from a Greek manuscript at Grotta Ferrata, but tho martyrs commemorated with him in the old martyrologies are supposed to be Lis feUow - prisoners and converts; about 28 of them were women. Henschenius, AA.SS., gives the date 203 ; but if St. Acacius was put to death, as his Acts say, under Maximianus, it must have beeu a century later. St. Agatha (3), AprU 3, M. in Misia. Mart. Ehinoviense. St. Agatha (4), Dec 12. 8th cen tury. Nuu at Weinbrunn, iu Germany. Disciple of St. Lioba. Bucelinus, Men. Ben. AA.SS. preetcr, June 12, 28, Sept. 28, Dec. 12. Ferrarius, Cat. Gen., makes Ler a nun at Wimborne, which is, perhaps, a mistake; but she may have gone from Wimborne with Lioba, and lived with her in Germany. Wion, Lignum Vitae, says Wimbrun in Germany. St. Agatha (5) Hildegard, Feb. 5. ¦{¦ 1024. Sometimes called by either name alone. Patron of Carinthia. Wife of Paul, count palatine of Carinthia. Thoy lived either at Stein or at Eecli- berg, a castle on a rock rising abruptly to a considerable height above the river Drave. Paul, having rashly listened to a false accusation against his wife, rushed furiously to her room at the top of the castle, where she was saying her prayers with Doitothy her maid, and threw them both out of tho window. Instead of being killed, they arrived unhurt ou the opposite side of the river, at the viUage of Mochlingen. Paul, struck by the miracle and Lorrified at Lis own violence, built the church of St. Paul of Moch lingen on the spot. As soon as he Lad Leard Mass tLere, Le set out on a seven years' pilgrimage, as a penance for Lis injustice and violence. On Lis return, Le sat down to rest under a tree, and there Le Leard tLe bells of bis churcL ring for midday prayer. Then Le died. AgatLa survived Lim for a few years, and made some charitable religious foun dations. The messengers of the Bollandists heard this story from the curates and peasants of Carinthia, but never found it in books. Some of the narrators also added that the woman who had accused the countess was turned iuto stone, with the cow she was milking, and that her stool and Ler pail of milk might bo seen tLere still. The messengers, how ever, not only never saw the stones ST. -A.GATHOCLIA 23 themselves, but never found any man who could assert that he had seen them. Bollandus, AA.SS. St, Agatha (6), grand - princess of pussia, commemorated Feb. 7, with her daughters-in-law, SS. M.iry and Cheistina, massacred with the other inhabitants of Vladimir by the Mongol Tartars, Agatha was the wife of George Vsevolodovitch, grand-prince of Eussia (1224-1238), When the Tartars were devastating Eussia in the dreadful winter of 1238, the grand-prince went to the province of Yaroslav to raise troops and obtain help from his brothers and nephews. He left his sons — Mstislaf and Ysevolod — to hold the town of Vladimir. They had in their care their wives, Mary and Christina, their mother the grand-princess Agatha, some chil dren, and other merabers of the family. As the Tartars marched through the country they killed and destroyed, with brutal ferocity, " thc burning towns and rifled shrines proclaimed where they had passed." Instead of living inhabitants coming and going, were corpses lying on the frozen ground, torn by wild beasts and birds of prey. At Moscow the Tartars butchered every man, woman, and child, except Vladimir, the second son of the grand-prince, and some young monks and nuns, whom they carried off with their army. On Feb. 2, 1233, they arrived before the town of Vladi mir, and asked whether the grand-princa was at home. The Vladimirians, for all answer, sent a flight of arrows into their camp. The Mongols then set Agatha's son, the young prince Vladimir, in front of their line, crying out, " Do you recognize your prince ? " Indeed, he was so altered by the grief and horror of his situation and the ill treat ment he had received, that they hardly knew him. After a few days of brave defence, it became evident that the case was desperate. The princes, princesses, and nobles determined not to fall alive into the hands of the barbarians. Yse volod, his wife, and a number of the most iUustrious nobles and citizens assembled in tho church of Our Lady, They begged Metrophanes, the bishop, to give them the monastic tonsure. This solemnity was performed in profound silence. They took leave of the world and of life, but prayed Heaven to pre serve the existence, the glory, and the cherished name of Eussia. On Feb. 7, the Sunday of the carnival, after Matins, the assault bogan. The Tartars rushed into thc new city by its four gates. Mstislaf and Ysevolod withdrew with their guard into the old town caUed Petcherni, where they perished at the hands of the invaders. Their mother, the grand-princess Agatha, with her daughter, her brothers, her daughters- in-law, and her granddaughter, shut themselves up in the cathedral. The Mongols set it on fire. The bishop cried aloud, "Lord! stretch out Thine in visible arms and receive Thy servants in peace." Then he gave his blessing to all present, devoting them to death. Some were suffocated in the smoke, some were burnt, some feU by the sword of the Tartars, who broke in at last, attracted by the treasures they expected to find. The names of the three prin cesses, Agatha, Mary, and Christina, are given in the ancient manuscript. Lives of the Saints. " Saints of Vladimir." Ka- ramsin, Histoire de Eussie, iii. 344, 347, 402, etc. B. Agatha (7) of Gnbbio, also called Agatetta. 13th or 14th century. Nun O.S.A. in the monastery of Santa Maria, called Paradise. Jacobilli, Santi deW Umbria. St. Agathoclia, Sept. 17, M. 1st century. Christian slave of Nicholas and Paulina, who were apostates from Christianity. By another account she was the slave of a heathen woman and the daughter of Nicholas aud Paulina, who were Christians. Her mistress treated her with great cruelty for eight years, and tried every means to induce her to renounce Ler religion ; she used to send her barefooted in the coldest weather to gather wood. When she was locked up without food, a nightingale fed her by bringing her fruit from the trees. At last her mistress came inte the prison and killed her with a red-hot iron bar. She is claimed as a Spaniard by Salazar, who says she suffered at Andujar in the year 94 ; but it is more 24 ST. AGATHONIA likely that she lived and died in the East, as her story only comes to us through the Greek Church. E.M. Stilting iu AA.SS. St. Agathonia (1), March 30, M. AA.SS. St. Agathonia (2), April 13, M. AA.SS St. Agathonica (1), April 13, M. 251. Sister of the deacon Papylns, martyred under Decius ; after many tor tures he was burnt with Carpus, bishop of Thyatira, and many others. Aga thonica, seeing her brother in the fire, threw herself into the flames and died with him. Their Acts are quoted by Eusebius. E.M. Men. Basil, Oct. 13. Baillet. Guenebault, Die. Icon , says sister of Bishop Agathodorus ; M. with him and their servant in the 3rd century. St Agathonica (2), Aug. 10, M. at Carthage, with Bassa and P.aula. E.M. St. Agatia. St. Agatha is so called in the Euthenian Calendar. St. Agatodia, Sept. 17. Inthe Bio grafia Celesiastica, Agatodia appears to be a clerical error for Agathoclia. St. Agetrue or Ageeteudis, Ger trude of Nivelle. St. Agia (1), Sept. 1 (Aga, Aie, Augia, Austregild). c. 609. Mother of St. Lupus, bishop of Sens. Wife of Betto, a lord of the court ; and sister of two holy bishops, Austrenus of Orleans and Aunarius of Auxerre. There aie about 10 saints called Lupus, or Leu, or Loup. This one was born at Orleans. He was banished from his see by king Clothaire, through the covetousness of a minister to whom he would not give bribes, and of an abbot who wanted to take his bishopric. The king afterwards recalled St. Lupus, kneeled at his feet to ask his forgiveness, and treated him with the greatest honour. Lupus died at Sens in 623. AA.SS. BaUlet. Butler. St. Agia (2), Ata. St, Aglae (1), May 14 or 8. Peni tent, c. 317, A woman of great wealth, so fond of the luxuries and the pomps and vanities of the world as to give public games to thc people at her own expense. She lived at Eome apparently about the beginning of the 4th cen tury, but she is supposed to Lave been a foreigner. She led a sinful life with Bouiface the manager of hor aftairs, a drunken and dissipated man, who, though stained with many vices, had three good qualities — pity for the unfortunate, liber ality to the poor, and Lospitality towards strangers. After many years it pleased God to toucL the heart of Aglae with compunction, and she said to Boniface, " We arc living in sinful pleasure with out reflecting that we shall have at last to give an account to God of all that we do in this life ; I have heard some of the Christians say that those who honour Saints and Martyrs who fight for Jesus Christ shall be made partakers of their glory in the other life, I hear that a great many Christians are tortured and put to death now in the East for Christ's sake. Go there, and bring back some relics of these holy martyrs, that we may build oratories to them here and honour their memory that so we may escape tLe punisLment of our vices aud be saved with them." This was probably in 307 or 309, under G.ilerius Maximianus, who continued, in the East, to persecute the Church which had already had peace in the West since the abdication of Dio cletian, 305. Boniface obeyed her, and as he took leave of her, he said he would bring back the bodies of some martyrs if he could find any, and added, ''But what if my body should bc brought back to you as that of a martyr, would you honour it as such ? " Aglae rebuked him for what she considered an untimely jest, and said that he must reform his life, and consider that he was going to seek for holy relics, Boniface was so impressed by the earnestness of his mistress that he fasted from wine and meat during the whole of his journey, and prayed to God for grace to repent and reforra. He arrived in duo time at Tarsus in Cilicia, Leaving his servants and horses at the inn, hc went at once to make inquiries about the Christians, and see what was going on with regard to them, Hc was soon satisfied ou this point, for he saw 20 of them under going different forms of torture in the Forum; ono of them was Lung up by tLe feet over a fire. The spectators, instead of being imbued with a horror ST. AGNES 25 of Christianity, were struck with admi ration at the constancy of the martyrs. Bouiface, haviug found what he came to seek, boldly embraced these men con demned as malefactors and undergoing the sentence of the law, and openly en treated them to pray for him, that he might have a share in their merits. He comforted them by saying that their sufferings would soon be over, and their recompense would bo eternal. The judge, Simplicius, governor of Cilicia, considered the conduct of Boniface as an insult to himself and his gods, and had him arrested on the spot. Boniface, thinking this was his last opportunity of speaking, prayed to Christ, and cried out to the martyrs to pray for him, which they all did so loudly that a tumult arose among the people, which caused the judge to fear for his safety ; he therefore sent Boniface to prison till the disturbance was over. Next day, finding him firm in his adherence to the Christians and their God, he condemned him to be beheaded at once. Thus was Boniface rewarded for his kindness to the martyrs by sharing their sufferings and triumph. Meantime, his servants began to be uneasy at his continued absence, and, knowing Lis habits, tLey sougLt Lim in wine-shops and taverns, expecting to find Lim drank in bad company. It happened that one of the persons of whom they inquired was the gaoler's brother. WLen they described their master as a stout, square-buUt, fair man, with curly hair, and wearing a scarlet mantle, he told them that must be the man who had just been beheaded on account of his profession of Chris tianity. He then took them to the place of execution, where, much to their sur prise, they recognised the body of the martyr. They ransomed it for 500 golden pence, embalmed it, and brought it back to Rome. Aglae went to meet her dead friend a milo out of Eome, on the Via Latina, where, thanking God for His mercy, sho buUt a tomb to his memory, and, some years after wards, a chapel. According to Hemans' Boman Monuments, the church was on the Aventine, near the house of Aquila and Priscilla, The dedication of St. Boniface was afterwards changed to that of the young pilgrim, St. Alexius, Aglae renounced the world, liberated her slaves, gave her goods to the poor, and spent the remaining 13 years of her lifef in devotion and penance, accompanied only by two or three women who had been her attendants, and who remained with her after her conversion, and adopted her altered way of living, Sho died in peace, and was buried beside St. Boniface. The day of her death is supposed to be May 8, but she is generally honoured with St. Boniface on the 14th. Her day in the Greek Chnrch is Dec. 19, BaUlet gives the story from the Acts of St. Boniface, which hc says are ancient and founded on fact, but not authentic. Henschenius, in a note, Feb. 25, says it is possible Aglae lived and died, not at Eome, but at Tarsus in Cilicia. B. Aglae (2), or Aglaa, Aug. 25, Dec. 19, in the Greek Calendar, Nurse of St. Patricia (4). Nutrix, perhaps, means a relation or governess who brought her up. (See St. Ammia.) St. Aglay built a church and convent at the tomb of St. Patricia, at Naples; there many holy women took the veU, and many miraculous cures were wrought, AA.SS. in the Life of St. Patricia. St. Agliberte, or Ailbeet, Aug, 11. Second abbess of Jouarre. St. Agna (1), May 18 (yEonfA, Egena), M. at Constantinople. AA88. St. Agna (2), July 5, in the Graco- Slavonic Calendar, is supposed to mean AxNA or Agnes. St. Agne, Jan. 16, A mother, and perhaps a martyr. Her name is in a table of 48 Eussian saints, given in the introduction to vol, i. of Bollandi Ada SS. Maii. Her name is one of 20, marked with an asterisk to denote that it is not known whether they were Eussian, or only adopted into the calendar by the Eussians. She may be St, Agnes, Y.M., Latin Church, Jan. 21, Greek Church, July 5; or she may be a native saint. She may be actually a mother, or only so called, in accordance with the Eussian custom, as a marjk of respect and affection. St. Agnes (l), July 5, of Eeggio, in 26 ST. AGNES Calabria. 1st, 2nd, or 3rd century. Three women, Agnes, Peepetua, and Felicitas are commemorated as fellow- martyrs with the bishops, Stephen and Snera, who were put to death for their religion at Ehcgium, in Calabria, now (according to Graesse) Sta. Agata delle Galline. Janning, the Bollandist, gives their story, but does not seem to think it authentic. AA.SS. St._ Agnes (2), Jan. 21, 28, July 5 (Spanish, Inez or Ynez ; in some Greek calendars, Hagxe), V. M. 302, 303, or 304, One of the four great patronesses of the Western ChurcL. Joint patron with the YiEGiN Mary and St. Thecla, of innocence and purity ; special patron of meekness. In art, her attribute is a lamb, the emblem of meekness, and typical of her Divine Master. She is sometimes represented attended by angels, who cover her with her own hair ; some times standing in or near flames; in common with all martyrs, she holds a palm ; and often, in common with many, a sword ; sometimes she wears a crown. . The son of Sempronius, prefect of Eome, observed a girl of 12 or 13 passing daily on her way to and from school, and was struck with her beauty and innocent childlike appear ance. Having ascertained her name and parentage, he tried to win her favour and that of her family by gifts and other attentions, aU of which were declined. The young man fell ill, and in time con fessed to his anxious father that he was dying for love of a little Christian maiden who would have nothing to say to him. The prefect did not doubt that Agnes' parents, thongh rich, woiUd be glad to secure for her so advantageous a. parti as his son. Ho endeavoured to arrange the matter, but with no better success? He found, moreover, that the young lady was vowed, from childhood, to a single life, in honour and for love of her Lord, Jesus Christ, the God of the Christians'. He therefore ordered that she should either renounce her resolution and marry his son, or join the sacred virgins who served the goddess Vesta, Agnes replied that she would never serve or acknow ledge any god or goddess but Jesus Christ, Diocletian had already published his famous edict for the suppression of Christianity, which led to the tenth, the last and greatest, general persecution of the Church. Serapronius took advantage of the law to gain his own ends or satisfy his vengeance. Agnes — like many others whom the Church honours as martyrs, many more whose names are known only to God, some who were miraculously protected from insult, and some, as inno cent in heart and will, whom God suffered to pass through the lowest depths of' infamy — was condemned to degradation. She was deprived of her garments, but was clothed with a miraculous light, so that every one who attempted to look at her was struck blind. Her hair fell all round her like a veil. In the place of infamy to which she was taken she prayed for Divine protection, and was provided with a white robe which seemed to be brought to her from heaven. Her good- for-nothing lover, bent on continuing his suit, approached her with words of insult and with wicked intent, but fell down dead, and was only restored when the young martyr, at the entreaty of his parents, prayed for his return to life. She was then accused of sorcery and condemned to be burnt. A prayer iu a service-book of the Eoman Catholic Church speaks of " the Blessed Agnes standing in the middle of the flames like a ship iu the midst of the sea, praying and stretching out her hands to God." As she remained unhurt amid the flames till they went out, she was beheaded. Such is the legend of the Western Church ; that of the East says that, as by her instructions she converted a great many wicked women, she was pufc to torture, and then condemned to the station held by her disciples before their conversion. She was miraculously defended from evil, and finally burnt as a sorceress. She was the first martyr of any celebrity in the Y'est, as St, George was the first in the East, in this great tenth persecution. Her name is in the Canon of the Mass. She ranks next to the Virgin Mary among women honoured as saints, and is the chief of virgin martyrs in the Latin Church. She is ST. AGNES 27 one of the few saints distinguished in the offices of the ancient Church by the title " Virgin," which was then reserved almost exclusively for the Blessed Virgin Mary, though in later times it was be stowed on every nun or young girl with any claim to sanctity, and sometimes even on matrons who became nuns late in life. St. Augustine says that the name "Agnes" means "chastity" in Greek, and " a lamb " in Latin ; it is not certain whether she bore this name in her life, or whether it was given to her after wards. Her Acts are not older than the 7th century ; but she was honoured throughout the Christian world in the same century in which her martyrdom occurred. She is mentioned by St. Jerome, who says that in Lis time her praise was heard in all languages ; by St. Augustine, St. Ambrose, and other writers of the 4th and the beginning of the 5 th centuries. Numbers of Christians used to resort to her grave to pray, especially on the anniversary of her martyrdom. St. Emeeentiana, who is supposed to havo been her foster-sister, was stoned to death while praying at the tomb of Agnes, which was near the Via Nomentana. The Christians were sometimes joined by heathens, from motives of curiosity, veneration, or super stition; among them St. Constantia, daughter of the Emperor Constantine, previous to her conversion, commended herself to the mercy of St. Agnes, for the cure of a distressing and disfiguring disease. As she immediately recovered, she became a Christian, and persuaded her father to build a church over the grave of the martyr. There she and several other women devoted themselves to a religious life. This church was re paired by Pope Honorius in the 7th century, and gives title to a cardinal. In it yearly, on her festival, two lambs are blessed at high Mass ; they are then taken to the Pope to be blessed again, afterwards they are consigned to certain nuns who make paUiums of their wool ; these aro blessed by the Pope, who pre sents them to archbishops. Another large chnrch was built by Innocent IX. on the site of her death, and dedicated to God in her name. Her martyrdom is commemorated on Jan. 21, and her appearance in glory to her relations and fellow-Christians on the 28th. Inno cent III. made St. Agnes the first patron of the new Order of the Most Holy Trinity for the Redemption of Captives. St. Elisabeth of Schcnau, 12th century, known by her visions and revelations, asserted that St. Agnes was little and plump, and had red cheeks and curly hair. B.M. ', BoUandus, .4 A.S-S. Butler. Baillet. Flos Sanctorum. Golden Legend. Legendario delle Santissime Vergini. Menology of the Emperor Basil. Cahier. Husenbeth. Mrs. Jameson. St. Agnes (3), Oct. 18, Y. M. with Victor or Victoria, and B.\.ssa, at Ostia or Nicomedia. Supposed to be a mistake for the great St. Agnes, Y. M. at Bome. AA.SS. St. Agnes (4), Aug. 28, Y. M. 383. A native of Britain, of royal or noble birth. One of the companions of St. Ursula, and martyred with her at Cologne, The Frenclt Martyrology says she was martyred in England, whence her relics were translated to Cologne. Both accounts are probably fabulous, the story of St. Ursula being enveloped in mystery and improbabUity, and the story of the 11,000 martyred virgins offerings a field for unlimited specula tion and romance. The only authority on which the history of St. Agnes of Britain rests is that of the man to whom she appeared and revealed it. Watson, English Martyrology. St. Agnes (5). There is a dedica tion in CornwaU always written St. Agnes and always pronounced St. Anne. Per haps to this saint belongs the legend in Dr. Cobham Brewer's .Eeaier's Handbook. There are, in the rocks on the coast, holes communicating with the sea. A sort of ogre, or evil spirit, spoken of in that region as a " Wrath," was in love with St. Agnes. Sho said if he could fill a certain one of these holes with his blood, she might regard him with favour. He began at once to bleed himself, and the saint encouraged him until he was dying of exhaustion, and then pushed him over the cliff. St. Agnes (6), May 13. Y. 7th cen tury. Abbess at Poitiers. Patron of 28 B. AGNES the Trinitarians, and against perils at sea. Brought up by St. Eadegund, queen of France, who founded the abbey of Ste. Croix, at Poitiers, and gave it the rule of St. Cesaria ; she appointed Agnes first abbess of her convent, and went with her to Aries to be instructed in the rule. Eadegund died a nun in the same convent in 687, leaving to it a large endowment by a will, in which Agnes is mentioned. The existence of these two saints within their " narrowing nunnery walls" was enlivened by the friendship and sympathy of a poet whose works have come down to us. Yenantius Fortunatus, tho last Latin poet of Gaul, was for many years an inmate of tho monastery of Ste. Croix. After visiting the kings and bishops of France, he came to pay his respects to the widowed queen Eadegund, stepmother of tLe king.?, and was so charmed with tLe amiable and intellectual society and tbe superior cultivation of tLo sisterLood, tLat Le stayed tLere as chaplain and almoner till the death of St, Eadegund. The queen often sent him on important missions to various personages, and thus the community were kept informed and interested concerning what -was going on in other places. He managed the ex ternal business of the nuns, and took part in their occupations. They read and transcribed books, they acted plays, they received visitors, they had little feasts on birthdays. Fortunatus made himself agreeable to them as he had done to saintly bishops and half-civilized kings; and he found their house an oasis of peace and refinement in a desert of barbarism. His writings describe the convent life and the food, in which he seems to have been a connoisseur. He takes Christ to witness that his affection for Agnes was that of a brother. Among his poems are two hymns adopted by the Church — Pange, lingua and Vexilla Eegis. Ho wrote a Life of St. Eadegund, which, as well as another by one of her nuns, is preserved by tho BoUandists. Ho was born in Italy about 530, and died bishop of Poitiers eaily in the 7th century. SS. Eadegund and Agnes had a great deal of trouble with two very naughty princesses, Chrodielde and Basine (see Audoveea), who were placed under their care, and who, after the death of these first rulers of Ste. Croix, rebelled against Ludovera, tho next abbess, one of thera demand ing that office as a king's daughter, though utterly unqualified for the post. A great scandal ensued ; bishops and kings had to interfere before the re fractory ladies were removed, to the great relief of Ludovera and the good nuns, AA.SS. Boll., Aug, 13. St. Eade gund is in all the collections, and St. Agnes is always mentioned iu Ler story. Nouvelle Biographie Universelle, " For- natus." Bid. of Cliristian Biog., " Eba- degundis " and " Fortunatus." Thierry, Eecits Merovingiens. B. Agnes (7), Dec. 23. Called Agnes Augusta and Agnes of Aquitaine or of Poitiers. ^ 1077. O.S.B. Daugh ter of W^illiam, duke of Aquitaine. Second wife of Henry III. (the Black), king of Germany, Emperor. Mother of Henry IY. Grandmother of B. Agnes, marchioness of Austria. The dukes of Aquitaine were the most powerful vas sals of the crown of France, and very rich. An alliance with them was as advantageous as one with tho Louse of Capet ; aud there was more refinement and culture at their court than at that of tho king. Agnes's father was dis tinguished among the princes of Lis time, no less by Lis virtues and intel lectual tastes and accoraplisLraents, tLan for Lis territorial wealth and other ad vantages. He had beeu dead some years when, in 1043, Agues married Henry, king of Germany. Y'^hen first the pro ject of Henry's marriage was known in Germany, many good peoijle objected, fearing that a queen from France, and from a court where modern fashions prevailed, would be less circumspect and dignified than the first lady in Germany ought to be ; and would introduce ex travagant aud unseemly customs and modes of dress ; but this fear soon proved groundless : nothing could be more modest, amiable, sincerely con scientious, and religious, than the cha racter and behaviour of the young queen. She was crowned at Maintz, and her first home in Germany was Ingelheim. B. AGNES 29 On Christmas Day, 1046, Henry and Agnes were crowned Emperor and Em press, by Clement IL, in St. Peter's Church at Eome. Both as a man and as a king Henry III. was of " the salt of the earth." He ruled with a strong hand, and under his sway the empire attained its highest greatness. In 1048, Leo IX. became I'ope, and in him Henry found a hearty fellow-worker in the field of reform. Had Leo and Henry lived for ever, or had they even reigned 30 years, what might not such a Pope and such an Em peror havc effected ! They did accomplish and reforra a great deal in the nearly five yeai's of their conteraporary reigns. Ono of the dangers to the peace of Europe was the power of the Countess Beatrice of Tuscany, whose second hus band, the duke of Lorraine, was a some what troublesome vassal of the empire. It was partly to set a balance to the power of Beatrice, that Henry sought a new alliance with another powerful woman, B. Adelaide of Susa. She was already connected with the imperial house by her first marriage, and in 1055 Henry betrothed his son Henry, aged five, to Bertha, her daughter by her third husband, Odo, margrave of Turin and count of Savoy. The next year, Victor IL, anotLer reforming Pope, came to pay a visit to tLe Emperor at Goslar, and went with him to Bodfeld, his hunting- castle in the Hartz. There, to the grief of the world, Henry, not yet in his 40th year, left all his good deeds and great projects unfulfilled and unfinished : he died Oct. 5, 1056, and was buried at Speier, beside his father and mother. Pope Victor took the child Henry im mediately to Aachen (Aix-la-CLapeUe), and crowned Lim. Agnes was regent. Probably no woman could have taken firm hold of the reins laid down by Henry III. The widowed empress was quite unfit for the task ; she had neither the energy nor the ability to rule a great empire consisting of separate states and powerful vassals, always rivals to each other and sometimes to the supreme power. She had not the discernment to choose her friends and ministers wisely ; she listened now to one adviser and now to another. She had no ambition for herself, and only longed to escape from the cares and pomps of tho world and retire to a monastery. She tried to bring up her son properly, but it was the interest of eome unprincipled per sons to deprave his tastes and frustrate her good intentions towards him, as well as to stultify her efforts for the govern ment of the country. Anno, archbishop of Cologne, was one of the most power ful and unscrupulous of the many troublesome magnates who strove for the chief power in the empire ; he deter mined to further his own importance and influeuce by obtaining the custody of the youug king. He went to pay Lis respects to the empress and her son at a place now called Kaiserswerth on the Ehine, where they were staying with a small retinue. He was hospit ably welcomed and entertained, and spared no effort to make himself agree able to the young king ; he told him he had come down the river in his new barge, which was beautifully fitted up for a pleasure trip, and suggested that Henry should come and see it where it lay below the palace. The boy gladly went. He was no sooner on board than the rowers, who had been weU instructed in the plot, struck the water with their oars and pulled with all their strength and speed up the stream. Henry was dismayed and angry. Ho threw himself into the river, but one of the bishop's men jumped into the water and rescued him at the risk of his own life. The people on shore were very indignant at Anno's treachery. The empress wept and WTung her hands, but did not know what to do, and after a time ac quiesced in the state of things. Anno shamefully neglected the education of the boy, furnished him with frivolous and debasing amusements, allowed his abilities to run to waste, and suffered him to acquire habits of self-indulgence, and to give way to bursts of fury. In 1065, when Henry was 15, the ceremony of girding him with a sword was held at Worms. That sword he would have used for the first time to Mil his detested guardian, had not his mother resti-ained him. Some other incidents of his life 30 B. AGNES are told in tho account of his mother-in- law, B. Adelaide of Susa. It was probably between the years 1065 and 1069 that Agnes left Germany, and took the veil without vows at Fru- Jerusalem, as usual, to make his offering. Tho high priest scornfully rejected it, saying that a man who, inasmuch as he had no children, was evidently under the displeasure of God, ought not to pre sume to offer gifts at the altar. Joachim went away sorrowful and confused. In stead of returning to Anna, he went to his herdsmen and stayed sorae time vriih them, until he was coraforted in a vision by an angel, who told him his prayers and alms were accepted before God, and that Anna should have a daughter named Mary. She was to be brought up in the temple, and of her should be born a great Lord, through whom salvation should corae to all people. The angel said, " By this sign thou shalt know that the vision is from the Lord : when thou shalt come to the Golden Gate of Jem- salem, thou shalt meet Anna thy wife." Meantime, Anna remained sorrowfully at home. One day, as she sat tmder a laurel in her garden watching a bird bringing food to its little ones in the nest, she said to Lerself, " Every wife has children except me ; the very birds in the trees have their children, but I have none." Then she heard her maid, on the other side of the bushes, deriding her because of her barrenness. But now the same angel who had appeared to Joachira visited her in a dream, promised her a child, and relieved her anxiety about her husband's prolonged absence by telling her she should find him at the Golden Gate. They both obeyed the heavenly messenger, and went to Jerusalera. There, at the Golden Gate, they met. Tho next year Anna had a daughter, according to the promise of the angel ; and they called her Mary, as he had commanded. When Mary was three years old, they bronght her to the temple, with offerings. There were fifteen steps up the temple, and thc child, who ST. ANNA had never yet walked, ran up to tho top of the flight without assistance. AVhen Joachim and Anna had raade their offer ing, they left Mary in tho teraple with the other virgins, and returned horae. Mary grew in Loliness daily, and had visions frora God. Anna was thirty-six years old when Joachim died. SLe tLen married Clopas, brotber of St. JosepL tLe carpenter, and had, by him, a daughter Mary, wLoraarried Alphaeus and had four sons — James tho Less, Judas Thaddeus, Simon Zelotes, and Joseph the Just. After the death of Clopas, Anna took, as her third hus band, Salome, and had another daughter, Mary Salome, who married Zebedee, and was the mother of the two apostles, SS. James the More and John the Evangelist, Anna lived until oiu- Lord Christ was one year old. In the time of Octavian her soul was carried to Abraham's bosom; at the ascension of Christ it was carried to heaven, where she has a very honourable place, being one of the saints who enjoy the glory of the great God. Another legend, giving miraculous birth and ancient lineage to Anna, is to bo found among those collected by Le Eoux de Lincy, who derives it from a metrical Bible of the 1 3th century. It is as follows : — A thousand years after the fall of Adam, God transported the tree of life into the garden of St. Abraham, and sent an angel to inform the patriarch that on this tree the Son of God should be crucified, that the flower of the tree would give birth to a knight who would bring into the world, without the assist ance of any woman, a virgin, whom God would choose for His mother. Abraham had a daughter who breathed the perfume of the tree, and thereby became enceinte. The Jews condemned her to be" burned to death. She went into the fire, and proved her innocence by remaining unhurt in the midst of it. All the flames then changed into flowers ; there was not a coal or a brand but became a lily or a rose, By-and-by she gave birth to a son, who grew up a valiant knight, and rose to be king, and eventually Emperor, His name was Fanouel. He was the possessor of the Tree of Life, aud although he did not thoroughly understand all its properties, when sick or wounded persons came to Lim for Lelp, Lo cut a fruit from tLe tree, divided it in several pieces, and distributed tbem to the suft'erers, who were thereby cured of whatever diseases or injuries they had. When he cut the fruit ho always wiped tho knife on his thigh, until at last the juice of the fniit got into the thigh, which swelled and gave hira sorae trouble and anxiety. All the physicians of the country tried their skill in vain. The thigh grew bigger every day for nine months, and then. produced the prettiest little demoiseUe that ever was seen. That was " Sainte Anne que Bicu aima tant." The Emperor was much ashamed of the slur that thus fell on his character. He called a knight,. who was his confidential attendant, and told him to take the child into the middle of a forest aud kill her. The- knight proceeded to obey. Just as he was going to strike his victim, a dove appeared from heaven, aaying, " Knight, do not kill this child ; for of her shaU be born a vii'gin whom God wUl choose for His mother." So he put the babe into a swan's nest and left her. A stag brought her food, and, if she cried, gave her flowers to comfort her. About ten years- after this, Fanouel one day went hunting in the wood, and followed the very stag that had adopted the deserted child. The stag took refuge under the swan's nest, 'where the little girl still lived. The Emperor was astonished to find a. beautiful young lady, ten years of age, in a swan's nest, and said to her, " My beauty, who are you ? " To which the wise child replied, "Sire, I am youi- daughter." He found she knew the whole story, so ho took her to court and married her to Joachim, a knight of his empire. Of this marriage was born the Blessed Virgin Mary. A legend of Anna, told by Dr. Mant, and said to be derived from the writings of Hippolytus the martyr, is that she was tbe youngest of tLree daugLters of MattLan tLo priest, and Mary his wife. The two elder sisters, Mary and Sobe, married in BetLleLem. Mary had a 6S B. ANNA daughter, Salome the midwife ; Sobe was the mother of St. Elizabeth, mother of St. John the Baptist ; Anna, the youngest, married in Galilee, and brought forth Mary, the mother of Jesus. Baillet, Vies des Saints, " St. Joachim,'' March 20, says that we know from St. Gregory of Nyssa and other reliable writers, that these traditions corae to us frora apocryphal histories of St. Mary, containing divers superstitions. Nothing is known with certainty of the father of the B. V. Mary, except that he was of the house of David. If the genealogy given by St. Luke is that of Mary, then her father was Heli. St. Gregory XIIL, by a brief dated 1584, commanded a double feast to be celebrated in honour of St. Anna, through out all Christendom. The worship of St. Joachim was not est.ablished by authority in the Latin Church until 1622, under Gregory XY. B. Anna (4), March 5, Y. Time of the Apostles. Wife of St. Conou, bishop of Bida or Bidana, in Isauria, who con verted his father and mother, Nestor and Nada, to the Christian faith. Anne, together witL Nestor, is, by the Greek CLurcL, Lonoured among tLe martyrs. Conon is commemorated MarcL 5. Pape brocL and HenscLenius are uncertain as to Anna's rigLt to tLe honours of saint ship. Boll., AA.SS. St, Anna (5), Oct. 22. 2ud or 3rd century. Was converted by seeing the constancy under torture of St. Alexander, M., bishop of a place unknown, and was put to death with him, HeracUus a soldier, and SS. Theodota (2) aud Gli- CERiA (2). St, Elizabeth (2) is com memorated with them, but is supposed to have been martyred at another place and time, A church iu their honour was built at Constantinople. TLey are mentioned in tLe Menology of Basil, but ¦Greek saints were received witb caution by the Western Church, because many schismatics were honoured among them, Benjamin Bossue, in BoU., AA.SS., Oct. 22 ix, St. Anna (6), Nov. 20, Y, M, c. 343, with Bahuta. St, Anna (7), March 26, M. c. 370. One of the earliest Christians omong the Goths ou the Danube, She was with five other women and twenty men iu a church which was burned by Jungerich, king of the Goths, in the time of the Emperors Valeus and Gratiau : tho naraes of the other women were Allas or Halas, Paris or Bakis or Bauka, Moiuo or Mamica, Viiico or Vico, and Ani.mais, Boll., AA.SS. St. Anna (S), Oct. 2 or 28, or May 4, M. at Jerusalera, in the 4th century. Patron of Ancona. Went with her son, St. Cyriacus, bishop and raartyr, to visit the holy places. They were arrested by order of JuUan the apostate, hung up by her hair, and burned with lamps; she died under the torture. Her body was translated to Ancona by the Empress B. Galla Placidia, in the following cen tury. Anna is mentioned in the Greek and Ethiopian calendars. Her history is only known from the fabulous Acts of her son. As a fact, there was no general persecution of Christians under JuUan, although there doubtless were cases where the malice or covetousness of those in power, or special provocation on the part of certain Christians, led to the oppression or murder of individuals. Boll., AA.SS. Gynecseum.. St. Anna (9). 5th or Oth century. Patron of the church of East Looe, in Cornwall. Daughter of the Prince of Glamorgan. Married Aiuwyn, or Amnon the Black, prince of Bro-Weroc, in Brit tany, i.e. the country about Vannes which was colonized from Britain. SS. Padarn, Malo, and Magloire were of the same illustrious W"elsh stock. Anna was sister of Gwen Julitta and mother of St. Samson, bishop of Dol, in Brittany, who was born about 520. A holy weU in the churchyard of Whitstone, in Corn wall, bears her name. Her worship — in England, at all events — is much older than that of St. Anna (3), raother of the B. v. Mary. Eev. S. Baring Gould, Booh ofthe West. Stadler. Butler. St. Anna (10), Nov. 28. A young widow of high rank dwelling in Con stantinople towards the middle of the Sth century. Disciple and spiritual daughter of St. Stephen of Mount St. Auxentius, also called St. Stephen the Younger, to distinguish him from two ST. ANNA 60 contemporaries. Her real name is un known. She took that of Anna on becoming a nun in a convent at the foot of the mountain on which St. Stephen lived as a herrait, after he had been per secuted by the iconoclasts at Constanti nople. In 754, refusing to support a false accusation against Stephen, she was cruelly scourged by order of the Emperor Constantine Copronyraus, and put in prison at Constantinople, where she soon died, in consequence of the ill usage she received. She is mentioned by Surius in the life of St. Stephen, Oct. 28. The Bollandists promise more information when their calendar coraes down to her day. This is perhaps the saint called Anna Greca by Guenebault, who says she was an abbess of the Order of the Ace- metes, and that she is represented hold ing a statuette, doubtless to denote that she adhered to the use of holy images, notwithstanding the persecution of the iconoclasts. St. Anna (II) Euphemian, Oct. 29. Sth and beginning of 9th century. A native of Constantinople. After the death of her husband and chUdren, she gave all her property to the poor, and, disguised as a man, obtained admission to a raonastery on Mount Olyrapus, where she lived several yeors, under the narae of Euphemian. She was rauch perse cuted by a fellow-monk, changed her residence several times, aud died a re cluse at Constantinople. Her story, from the Meneas of the Greek Church, is given at considerable length, with notes, by the Bollandists, who do not seem to think it reliable. AA.SS. St, Anna (12), July 23. f "• 918. v. of Leucada, or Leucata, a promontory of Epirus, or Bithynia. She was of noble birth. After the death of her parents, the Emperor Basil, the ^lacedonian, desired her to accept a husband of his choosing ; but she chose rather to lead a celibate ascetic life. She was about seventy-eight years of age when she died. Perier, in AA.SS. St. Anna (13), Grand-princess of Eussia, 963-1011. There are many con tradictions in the accounts of this prin cess, and it is doubtful whether _ she shonld be placed araong the saints. More information regarding her is to be found in tho histories cited at tho end of this article. Anna was born, of wicked parents, at Constantinople in 963, a few days before the death of her father, Ilomanus IL, Eraperor of the East. Her elder sister, Theophano, married Otho IL, king of Germany and Emperor of tho "West (see Adelaide (3)). Eomanus II. was suc ceeded by his sons, Basil II. and Con stantine VIIL, who reigned together. In their time Anna married, with con siderable repugnance, St. Vladimir (mon arch of Eussia, grandson of St. Olga), to make peace between the Greek empire and their dangerous neighbours, and still more with tho object of winning him and his immense country over to the Christian faith. As a condition of his marriage, he put away his other wives, and deposed his god Perune. He was threatened with blindness, and Anna promised him that his sight should be restored if he would be baptized. Ho complied, taking the name of Basil, and was imraediately cured. He then built a church in Kief, dedicated it in the name of St. Basil, and enforced his new religion with all the determination he had previously shown in other matters. His life, after baptism, was as strict as it had before been dissolute. He died 1015. Anna died 1011. He is called Isapostolos, and has also been called the New Soloraon, not from his wisdom, but from the great number of his wives. He was father of Yaroslav, whose wife was St. Anna (14). Lebeau, Histoire du Bas Empire, xvi. 57, etc. Martinov, Graeco- Slav. Ccdendar. Karamsin, Histoire de Eussie, i. 267-283. St. Anna (14), Grand-princess of Eussia, Feb, 10, and, with her son St. Vladimir, Oct. 4 (Ingaedas, Ingebiorg, Ingigerda, Irene), She was daughter of Olaf Skoetkouung, king of Sweden, who gave her for dowry the town of Aldeigabiirg, or Old Ladoga, She took the name of Irene at her baptism, and that of Anna with the monastic habit, shortly before her death. She was the wife of Yaroslav the Great, son of the first St. Vladimir and father of the second, who, in 1015, succeeded his father as 70 ST. ANNA Grand-prince of all tLe Eussias, and reigned from the Baltic to Asia, and to Hungary and Dacia. He was far more enlightened than his predecessors, and thau many of Lis successors for some generations. He caused tLe Bible to bo translated into the Slavonian tongue, and transcribed some copies with his own hand; he founded many schools, but Lis great glory was tLe code of laws Le enacted. He built tLe churcL of St. SopLia, at Kief, one of the oldest in Eussia. That of St. Sophia, at Novgorod, was built by the second St. Vladimir ; it is the oldest building in Novgorod, and one of the three oldest churches in Eussia. In it the founder and Lis motLer, St. Anna, lie buried. Tbe date of Anna's deatL, 1050, is still to be seen on her torab. SLe was tLe first of tLe EussLin princesses to take tLe religious veU on tLe approach of death, a custom which afterwards becarae general. Yaro slav and Anna had six sons, one of whom was St. Vladimir IL, and one is said to have married a daughter of Harold God- wiusson of England. Anna had three daughters : Elizabeth, queen of Norway ; Anna or Annte, queen of France ; and Anastasia, or Agmunda, who married Andrew I., king of Hungary ; perhaps also a fourth daughter, Agatha, who married the English Prince Eadward Aethliug, and was mother of Edgar Atheling and St. Maeg.aeet, queen of Scotland. Yaroslav died in 1054, and was buried at Kief. TLese accounts of tLese Eussian prin cesses are chiefly taken from Karamsin, Histoire de Eussie. S. Anna Ingigerda is also mentioned by Mailath, Stammt- afel der Arpaden ; Martinov, Slav. Calen dar; Snorri Sturlusson, Kings of Norway ; Neale, Holy Eastern Cliurch. St, Anna (15), daughter of the Emperor Eomanus. Y'ife of thc Eus sian Prince St. Vladimir II. (Yarosla- vitch), son of St, Anna (14). Mother of the Grand-prince St. Mistislav the Brave, who feared no person or thing, but God only. He defended Novgorod against Andrew of Sousdalia, and -was beloved all over Eussia. Mistislav, his father St. Vladimir, his mother, and grandmother are buried in the church of St. Sophia at Novgorod, which Vladimir Yaroslavich built on the site of the wooden churcL of the year 1000 : the stone church was built by Greek archi tects, aud is preserved, with its gilt domes, in all its grandeur, unsiJoUt by wars or storms. St. Mistislav's dead hand, quite black, protrudes from under the cloth which covers his body, and is exposed for the kisses of the faithful. Chester's Eus.sia, aud the authorities for the other Eussian saints. B. Anna (16; Michieli Giustini ani, Nov, 21, O.S.B. Daughter of Vitale Michieli, doge of Venice (1156- 1172), the last doge who was elected by the people, the seventeenth who was vio lently dethroned, and the sixth who was murdered in a riot. In 1170 there was war between the state of Venice and the empire of Constantinople. At the same time, the Emperor had a personal dis like to and quarrel with the Giustiniani, one of the most ancient and wealthiest of the Yenetian noble famiUes, and much beloved by all classes in the city. They therefore took up the national quarrel witL family pride as well as political and patriotic ardour, contributing a large contingent of ships and men, and desir ing to make good all loss that might accrue to the Eepublic from the war. The doge led the expedition, and every man of the Giustiniani family went with Lim. At first the Venetians had some successes, but after suffering greatly from the treachery of the Greeks, they were attacked by the plague. Some of the Giustiniani had been killed in skir mishes, aud all the rest were amoug the victims of the pestilence. About two years from the time he had set forth so gallantly, Vitale returned horae, bringing back only seventeen of the hundred ships he had taken out. The people were furious with the doge, and threw upon him the whole blame of the ill success of the expedition, and the destruction of a family so popular among them. The Emperor triumphed in the extermina tion of the hated race, but Vitale knew there was one scion of the family, a certain brother Niccolo, who, although accounted dead to the world, was still living in the monastery of S. Niccolo B. ANNA 71 del Lido. Through this man ho re solved lo revive the groat and popular family so tragically cut off, and applied to Pope Alexander IH. for permission to marry his own daughter to Niccolo Oiustiniani. Tho Pope freed Niccolo from his monastic vows, and coraraanded him to restore his family to its proper placo^ in Venice by marrying .\nna Michieli, It soon became evident that tho ships which had returned had brought tho plague with them; hundreds of persons died within a fow days. Terror reigned. Tlio fickle populace again laid all ,tho fault on their dogo, and mur dered hira in a turault. As soon as they had done it, they repented, and remembered how good ho had been. Niccolo and Anna spent many years to gether, rich in this world's goods, and richer in good deeds. They had six sons and three daughters. Eventually Niccolo returned to his monastery, and Anna went to live in the magnificent nunnery of St. Adrian, which she had built at Amiano ; and thero she spent the rest of her life in fastings, prayers, and good works. TLe pictures of Nic colo and Anna arc kept witL groat vene ration in tlio cLurcL of St, Nicholas, in token of their sanctity. Many miracles have been wrought by both saints. Life cf B. Lorenzo Giustiniani, their descen dant, who died Jan, 8, 1455, written by Bernardo Giustiniani, and given in the AA.SS., Jan, 8. The story is told ^vith many interesting details by Lebeau, Histoire du Bas Empire, xix., xx. of tho old edition, xvi., xvii. of tho new (1833). Darn, Histoire de Venise. Fougasses, History of Venice, " Englished " by W. Shute (1612). Wion, Lj(/>ii(»t T7te, who calls Anna " Duchess of the Venetians." Mas Latrie, JW.wr. Bucelinus, Men. Ben., Nov. 21. Light is thrown on the customs of Venice at the time, and tho status of the families of Michieli and Giustiniani by Molmouti, Storia di Venezia nella Vita Privata. TLo Life of Anna is promised by tbe Bollandists wLen tLey come to Ler day, B. Anna (17), March 0, f 1^44, Of the noblo family of Frankeuhofen, Cistercian nun at Soefeld ; succeeded B. Tudeca as abbess. In 1241 Conrad of Winterstottin built the nunnery of Paiudt, near the monastery of Weingar- ton, in the ancient diocese of Constance, and thither Anna moved as abbess. Sho diod 1244, and was succeeded by Ermengard, daughter of the founder. Bucelinus, 3Icn. Ben. Migne, Bid. den Abbayes. Monstier, Gyneeieum. The accounts of the situation, etc, of the nuuuerios do not quite agree. B. Anna (18), Amicia. St. Anna (19), Duchess of Silesia, bom at Prague, 1204. ^I- 1246. Daughter of Premysl Ottokar I., first king of Bohemia (1198-1230), by his second wife, Constance of Hungary. St. Agnes of Bohemia was her sister, St. Elizabeth op Hungary her cousin, St, Abdela her half-sister, St, Hedwio hor mother-in- law, Anna married, in 1216, Henry IL, the pious duke of Silesia ; he was kiUed at Legnitz, 1241, in a groat battle against tho Tartars, where, although the Chriatians were defeated, overpowered by numbers, they made such a good flght against tho heathens, and inflicted on them such heavy loss, that the tide of their invasion was eSbotually arrested. St. Anna, St. Hedwig, and all the nuns of Trebnitz were in the fortress of Chrosua when the battle was fought. Anna buried her husband in the Fran ciscan convent which he had begun to build at Breslau, and whioh she finished after his death. Sho had six sons and throe daughters. For some particulars of the Tartar iuvasion and the battle of Legnitz, see St. Hedwig, duchess of Silesia. DlugoscL, Historia Polonica. Palacky, Geschide von Bohnen. Stenzel, Scriptores Eerum Silesise, ii. 127, etc A. Knoblich, Herzogin Anna von Schlesien, Breslau, 1805. Anna is called " Blessed " by several writers, and " Saint " by Mas Latrie, Trdsor, p. 905. B. Anna (20), April 8, of Schlussel- borg. 13th century. Daughter of Conrad, baron of Schlusselberg, near Bamberg, iu Franconia, Auna became second abbess of the Cistercian house of Schlusselberg, and, being a woman of many virtues, received sundry privileges frora hur brother-in-law Leopold, bishop of Bamberg, When she was dying she directed that her grave should be left 72 ST. ANNA open to receive her sister-in-law and successor, Anna, countess of Zollern, who would die within a month, which happened. Henriquez, Lilia Cistercii, ii. 250. Bucelinus, Eigollot, in Index to Boll., AA.SS. St. Anna (21) of Viterbo, Sept. 21. ¦f 1306. 3rd 0,S.D. Worship un certain. St. Anna (22), Oct, 2. 1338, Duchess of Tver, and Grand-princess of Eussia. Daughter of Demetrius Borissovitoh, duke of Eostov. Married, c. 1294, Michael Jaroslavitch, duke of Tver, nephew of St. Alexander Nevski. Her sister was married to Andrew, grand- prince of Eussia, who died about 1295. Michael, duke of Tver, succeeded to the principaUty, According to Martinov's Slavonian Calendar, he was killed in a glorious battle against the Tartars in 1315. But according to Karamsin's Histoire de Eussie, iv., he survived the battle. His nephew George, duke of Moscow, who had married a sister of ' Usbek, khan of Tartary, tried to deprive him of his right. Michael took Moscow, and carried away George's wife among the prisoners. Unfortunately, an epi demic broke out in Tver, and she fell a victim to it. George accused his uncle of poisoning her. The grand-prince had to go to the horde and appear before the khan to clear himself of the alleged crime. After undergoing much ill usage, which he bore with great fortitude and dignity, Michael was put to death, Nov. 22, 1319. Some months after execution his body was brought home, and found to be in perfect preservation. It was buried with all honour iu the Kremlin of Moscow, in the monastery of St. Saviour, on the spot where now stands the old church of tho Transfigura tion. He was mourned as the friend of his couutry throughout all Eussia, most of all in his own dukedom of Tver, He is honoured as a saint and martyr. The Duchess Anna took the veil, and so did Xenia, the virtuous and pious mother of Michael. Anna reraoved from Tver to Kasan, at tho request of her son Basil, and died there in 1338. Her body was translated into the cathedral in the reign of Alexander Michaelovitch (1645-1 676), the first of tho Eomanoffs ; the king himself carried the venerable corpse. B. Anna (23), April 16, of Camerino, O.D.S. "f 1369. A native of the march of Ancona. Mentioned iu the Dominican Martyrology and by various writers of that order. Jacobilli calls her a nun faraous for sanctity and miracles. Pio, Uomini, etc. B. Anna (24) of the Cross. 10th century. First abbess of the first nunnery of the Order of the Assumption of our Lady, otherwise called our Lady of Mercy. The order was founded for men, by Peter Nolasca, in 1235, but had no communities of women. The first nunnery was founded at Seville about 1568. (See St. Maey of Help.) Helyot, Hist, des Ordres Monastiques, part iii. chap. 37. B. Anna (25) Toschel, Jan. 28, Nov. 10. '\ 1582. A Benedictine abbess at Eiga, who distinguished herself by her streuous opposition to the Lutheran and Calvinistic heresies. She lived to the age of 130. Bucelinus, Men. Ben., Jan. 28, spells her name Toichel. Collin de Plancy, Saintes et Bienheureuses, Nov. 10. B. Anna (26) de Eoussy, founder of the first convent of Ursulines at Paris. c. 1612. (5ec Angela Meeici.) Guene bault. B. Anna (27) of Beaulieu, June 24. "f 1618. Galliota. Ven. Anna (28) of St. Bartholomew, June 7. 1530-1628. BornatAlmandr.il, in Old Castile. Her parents were Fer nando Garcias and Mary Man9anas. Anna was a Carmelite nun of the re formed order. One of the first who took the habit in St. Teresa's monastery of St. Joseph, at Avila. Her humility made her a great favourite with Teresa, who calls her " a great servant of God," and says that, although only a lay-sistei-, she was of more use to her than any of the other nuns whom she took with her on her journeys to assist in making re forms and establishing new monasteries of the reformed rule. She accompanied her beloved mistress on many of these expeditions as her secretary, and attended her with devoted affection in her last Ulness. On October 4, 1582, at Alba B. ANNA 73 do Tormes, Teresa lay the last hour of her life with her head on Anna's shoulder, and died in her arms. Having served her apprenticeship under this great reformer and founder, Anna went to France, about 1604, and founded houses of the same Order of Barefooted Carmelites at Tours and Pontoise. In 1611 she was sent for by Albert aud Isabel, to found a monastery at Antwerp. There she remained until hor death in 1620, four years after the canonization of her mistress, aged seventy-six. The Life of St Jane de Chantal,v/Titten by her niece Mother Chaugy, says, " Mother Anne of St. Bartholomew, who is now held to be a saint, had a vision respecting the Congregation of the Yisitation, more than four years before its foundation. Madame de Chantal one day told her that she often wished to enter the Order of Eeformed Carmelites. Anna said, 'No. St. Teresa will not have you as her daughter. You will have so many daughters of your own that you will be the companion of our blessed Mother. God has work for you to do through the Bishop of Geneva.' " Anna was regarded as a saint by the people of Antwerp. When her body was laid in the church, before burial, they came and touched it with more than twenty thousand rosaries and images. Next day the people frora all the country round came to honour the saint and derive some benefit from touching her sacred remains. She is not canonized. She is called " Venerable " by Butler and Dalton, also by the Bol landists, who relate that her heavenly intercessions twice saved the city of Antwerp from imminent danger in sieges. Cahier, quoting Terwecorin, Pre'cis Historiques, says that, after her death, the municipal body of Antwerp went every year in procession, carrying candles, to her convent, to acknowledge solemnly that they owed theii- deliverance to her prayers. She is mentioned several times in St. Teresa's account of her Founda tions. In 1735 Clement XII. permitted proceedings for her canonization to bo put in hand. Guerin, Petits BoUandistes. Anna (29) Toussaint de Yolvire, Feb. 22, of a noblo family of Bretagne, 1653-1694, called Sainte Anne, also the Saint of Neant. Neant was hor parish (dep. Morbihan). She built the hospital of Ploerrael. PetiU BoUandistes, xv. B. Anna (30) Maria Taigi, June 9. 1769-1837. 3rd Order of Trinitarians. Eepresented looking up to a sun. Anna Maria Antonietta Gesulda was born at Siena. Her father was Luigi Pietro Gesulda, a chemist. In 1775 he was ruined by his own fault. The family, being reduced to extreme poverty, re moved on foot to Eorae. Gesulda and his wife became servants. Their Uttle girl worked in a silk factory. Shs married Domenico Taigi, a servant in the noble family of Chigi. Anna Maria was fond of dress and amusement, especially theatrical entertainments. These frivolous tastes faciUtated the wicked designs of an old libertine who, with great patience and cleverness, pursued her with unholy attentions, until a day carae when her passion for finery deUvered her into his hands. Frora that day her existence was em bittered by shame and regiet. TLe wLole of Ler after-life was an incessant penance for tLis sin. Her Lusbond's presence was a continual reproacL to her,. and she bore all his exactions and caprices with great humility. She had four sons and three daughters, whom sh& brought up very carefully and piously. She dutifully cared for and waited oa her father and mother as long as they lived. She was naturally inclined to- gluttony, and mortified this temptation with great ardour and self-denial, especially by going for days together without drinking. In 1798 the Taigi were reduced almost to destitution, in consequence of the attempt of the French to establish a republic in Eome, which took away the means of subsistence from the poorer classes. The Chigi were unable to pay the wages of so many servants, and they were thrown upon tho charity of those who had anything left to give. From the time of her conversion and the beginning of her penitent life, Anna always saw before her what she described as a sun. It was of the size that the real sun in the heavens appears to our ordinary sight, of extreme brightness. ST. ANNOFLEDIS and yet she could look at it, even with her eye which was nearly blind. In this sun she saw events past, present, and future, and sometimes thoughts and motives. She first saw it while taking the discipline, and for the rest of her life it was always before her. She had frequent ecstasies, during which she was so insensible to all that went on around her, that her husband used to shake her and reproach her with falling asleep in the midst of her duties, and even at her prayers. She would never suffer any one to be spoken ill of in her presence, and always suggested excuses for those who had done wrong. She was zealous in the conversion of the wicked, there fore sorae who were pronounced hope lessly hardened were commended, in desperation, to her intercession. While obtaining of God tho conversion of a sinner, she suffered great agony of body, as well as anguish of mind. Her charity included conderaned crimi nals, whom she was soraetiraes successful in persuading to repentance and con fession, after priests had been discouraged by their obdm-acy. She was much liked and respected for her piety and her gift of prophecy by Cardinal Fesch, Napo leon's uncle, by Marie Louise de Bourbon, queen of Etruria, by Cardinal Pedicini, and several other persons of rauch higher education and station than herself; bnt although she had taken alms when her family were at the verge of starva tion, she would never accept from any «f those exalted persons any favours or benefactions which would in the least degree raise her out of her humble stato of life, and this was for two reasons: first, she wished to remain independent, to bo always free to speak fearlessly and truly; secondly, she did uot desire to ¦place within reach of her children luxuries and leisure which they might miss when they were grown up. She feared for them idleness and love of pleasure ; she thought that if they were lifted for a time out of the life of toil aud privation to which they were born, and then dropped back iuto it, tho remembrance of their temporary ease and luxury might become a teraptation to them. She died in 1837. Her beati fication took place in 1803, under Pius IX. Her husbaud, then a vory old man, was one of the important witnesses on the occasion. Ho said that sho was a very good womau ; he as little suspected her of being a saint as of having ever sinned against Lim ; Le said Le Lad always considered Ler a persou of great virtues and au incomparable wife, but most of Ler extraordinary gifts and graces Le Lad only heard of since her death. She was a tertiary of the Order of the Trini tarians for the Eedemption of Captives. While her canonization was going on, in 1863, Ler Life was written by Dr, Luquet, bisLop of Hesebon, and during tLat time sundry notices appeared in tLe Giornale di Boma and tLe Analecta Juris Pontificii, iii., iv. TLe autLor of Les Mystiques says tLat Ler reputation for sanctity and propLecy was such that she was the fashion among cardinals and prelates, and attained a degree of notoriety and the entree to houses and society to which her position would not have entitled her. Dr. Luquet's little book is the chief authority for this article. St. Annofledis, Dec 1 and 7 (Agne- flette, Lanofledis, Nopledis, Noflete, Onoflette). c. 655. Nuu under St. Faea. Angels were heard singing at the moment of her death. Chastelain, Voc. Hag. JSlahmoa, AA.SS. O.S.B. St. Anominata, V, M, Sister of St, Colomba of Evoea. Anonymous Saints. Besides the vast number of saints naraed in the various calendars of Christian Churches, a multitude of others are commemorated whose names are not preserved. In the Eoman Martyrology alone there arc more than thirty-six thousand un named martyrs. Of these, a great number are woraen, who perished iu the indis crirainate massacre of Christians by heathens, or of orthodox or Catholic Christians by heretics. Y''hen a whole family were massacred, tho names of the mon are often mentioned, whUe the wives, daughters, or companions who shared the martyrdom are com memorated, but not named. Thus we have, Feb, 15, St, Crato wilh his wife and faraily; Sept, 1, forty virgins are honoured at Heracles, disciples and ST, ANSOALU lo fellow-martyrs of St, Ammon the deacon. On Dec. 25 we find that seventy womenand two hundred men were companions of the martyrdom of St, Anastasia, early in the 4th century. On the sarae day are also honoured "many thousands" who perished about that time, at Nicomedia, under Diocletian, These Christians had assembled in church on Christmas Day. The Emperor ordered the gates to be shut, aud fires prepared all round the building, tripods with incense being set before the doors. An officer then pro claimed, with a loud voice, that whoever wished to escape had only to eome out and offer incense to Jove, The Christians all answered with one voice that they would rather die. So they were burnt alive, and were born in heaven on the anniversary of the same day that Christ was born on earth. There occur fre quently in the E.3I., such entries as " seven virgins," " forty virgins," " six sisters," " four hundred martyrs of both sexes." Besides these, there are the nuns who followed the precept and example of St. Ebba, their abbess, and obtained martyrdom by disfiguring themselves rather than endure desecration from the barbarians who attacked their convent. The legend of St. Uesula and her eleven thousand virgins of Cologne may be mentioned, whose story, if mythical, is of very ancient origin. In addition to the unnamed martyrs, a nuraber of comparatively obscure per sons are honoured by writers of saintly history, and sorae of the stories told of them are worthy of a place araong the poetic legends of the Middle Ages : the following is an example : — On a wide and somewhat dreary plain in New Castile, not far frora the source of the Tagus, stood, in the raiddle of the Sth century, a Benedictine nunnery. Its holy inmates were threatened with cap ture by au army of Saracens. The walls of the building, being only of sufficient strength to withstand the attacks of wUd beasts or any chance intruder, could offer .no effectual resistance to an armed band. The abbess rang the bell, and, assembling all the sisters in the chapel, exhorted .them to pray that the earth should swallow them up, rather thau that they should fall alive into the hands of the infidels. Their prayer was granted, and the Saracens, approaching, found nothing but scanty heath, lavender, and wild shrubs, where from a distance they had seen the .towers of a stately convent. Y'hilc vainly seeking for that which was no longer to bo found, at Vesper- time they suddenly heard the convent bells ringing beneath their feet. To this day shepherds and travellers passing over the spot at the hours of prayer, hear the muffled ringing of the convent bell aud the sweet distant voices of the nuns singing the office underground. _ There are many other nameless soldiers of the noble army of martyrs, who in large and uncertain numbers followed their leaders of either sex to martyrdom, and are commemorated with them, but whose names, in the words of an old hagiologist, " are known only to God.' St. Anor, or Honoria, de Monte- bard. 12th and 13th centuries. Cousin of St, Bernard. Married a brother of Hugh de Seignelay, archhishop of Sens and Diambert, head of the Seignelay faraily. Her son, William de Seignelay, was Bishop of Auxerre, 1207-1223. GaUia Christiana. Mas Latrie, Trdsor. St. Anscrida, AprU 28, Y. Wor shipped with a double office at _Nonan- tula, in Italy, where her body is kept. It was probably taken there from one of the Eoman cemeteries. AA.SS. BoU., Prsetennissi. St. Ansitrudis, Austrude. St. Ansoald, Aug. 24, Y. at Mau beuge. llth century. B. Theodonc, abbot of Andagin or Audain, in the forest of Ardennes in Belgium, was vowed to a reUgious Ufe by his mother in his chUdhood. His father was very angry, aud insisted that he should be bronght up as a soldier. The child broke his arm and was nearly killed, whereupon his father gave hira up to his mother, saying that if it wero God's will that he should be a monk, ho would recover. She tended him so well that he did recover, and then she confided him to her daughter Ansoald, in the convent of Maubeuge, to bc taught his letters and ¦the Psalter. Ansoald was a woman of 76 ST. ANSOMIA great piety and very dirty. She in structed and tended her Uttle brother with gentleness and diligence. She died of cancer. Boll,, AA.SS., inter Prse- termissos. St, Ansomia, June 4, M. Same as AusoNiA, June 2, M. at Lyons. St. Anstrude, Austrude. St, Anstruse, Austet-de, St, Antea, Anthia. St. Antha, Dec. 12, M., with Ammo- naeia. St. Anthia, AprU 18 (Ancia, Antea, Antia), M. at Eome or Messina, with her son, St. Eleutherius, Bishop, perhaps, of Illyricum. She is said to have been contemporary with the Apostles and to have seen St. Paul ; but the Acts of St. Eleutherius, on which the story rests, are pronounced by Papebroch to be apocry phal. B.M. Boll, AA.SS. Martin. St. Anthilia, Sept. 24, 25 (Anthilla, Antilia), V. M. at Arezzo, in Tus cany. St. Anthilla, Anthilia, St. Anthusa (l), or Dojinina, March 20. Nero, angry at the success of St. Photina's preaching at Carthage, ordered her and her five sisters to ba taken to a golden chamber, seven golden chairs and a table to be placed there, and his daughter Domnina, with a hundred fol lowers, to go in and talk to these Chris tian women. Domnina and her attendants were speedily converted. She was bap tized by Photina, and took the name of Anthusa (sometimes given to Photina herself). There are several saints of the names of Domnina and Anthusa honoured in the Chnrch on various days, but it is not recorded that any one of them was daughter of Nero. Henschenius and Papebroch give the story in the Life of St. Photina, from some old Greek Acts, but do not consider it probable. Boll., AA.SS. St._ Anthusa (2), Aug. 22. Time of Valerian. 4th century. Called in Eoman 3Iartyrology Anthusa the Elder, A woman of Seleucia. Daughter of rich Idolaters. Sho took her two servants, Charisius and Neophytus, and left her home, pretending she was going to visit her nurse, bnt took the road to Tarsus, where she wanted to go and be baptized. St, Athanasius, bishop of that city, was brought by an angel to raeet her on the road. There was no water to be had, so he prayed and brought water out of the ground, wherewith he baptized Anthusa and her two servants. She then re turned to her mother's house, but was refused admittance ; so she betook her self to a solitary life in the desert, and lived amoug the beasts for twenty-three years, and then died in peace. Meantime SS. Athanasius, Charisius, and Neophytus were taken by Valerian and put to death. All four are commemorated together. Anthusa is called "Martyr" in the Boman Martyrology. AA.SS. St. Anthusa (3) the Younger, Aug. 27, M. Clothed in a rough and ragged garment and thrown into a well. Wor shipped in Sicily. B.M. Pinius, in AA SS St. Anthusa (4), July 27, Y. Sth century. Abbess of Constantinople. She dedicated herself to an ascetic religious life, after the example of St. Sisinnus, and founded two reUgious houses, one for men and the other for women; she herself presided over th© latter. In the iconoclastic persecution, the Emperor Constantine Copronyraus, hearing that Anthusa and her nuns wor shipped images, sent for her. She was brought to trial with her nephew, who had succeeded Sisinnus in the care of the monastery. Anthusa was subjected to many tortures, and would perhaps have been put to death, but it Lappened that the empress was at the point of death in child-birth. Anthusa prophesied for her a safe delivery of twins — a son and daughter. As this presently proved true, tLe saint was liberated, and taken into great favour by the empress. Tho girl was called after AntLusa and edu cated by Ler, and is commemorated April 17, E.3L AA.SS. St, Anthusa (5;, April 17. Sth century. A benevolent and pious prin cess. Daughter of Constantine V. (Co- prouymous). Named after and educated by St. Anthusa (4). Founded the first orphan asylum in the Christian world. Finlay, Byzantine Empire, p. 81. Hen schenius. BoU., AA.SS. St. Anthusa (6), Feb. 22. A Grecian B. ANTONIA GUAINERI / 1 lady put to tho sword with her twelve servants. Henschenius. Boll., AA.SS. St. Anthusa (7), mother of St. Arthellais. B. Anthusa (8), Jan. 27. 4th cen tury. Mother of St. Chrysostom. Stadler. St. Antia, Anthia. St. Antiga, Feb. 22, M. at Nico media, with SS. Viotorina, Paula, Eme- RiTA, Antoniana, Dativa, Eogatiaxa, Uebana, Maxima, M.aeina, Matrona and her daughter Peregrina, Secundula, Justa, Castula, Marcellin.\, Casta, Donatula, Libosa, Flavia, Dota, Fur- NATA, and Eegina (3). Many Christians were martyred at Nicomedia, in Bithynia, at different times. Ten thousand are commemorated on one day in the Greek calendars, and 3628 on another. Whether the few whose naraes are here preserved are araongst the same, or were slain at other tiraes, w6 do not know. Hen schenius. Aa.ss. St. Antigone (1), Feb. 27, M. at Rorae. AA.SS. St. Antigone (2) of Pannonia, Feb. 28, M. Perhaps the same as the above. Antilia, Anthilia. St. Antiquiora, Aug. 31, M. at Ancyra, in Galatia. AA.SS. SS. Antonia (1) and TertuUa, April 29, YV. MM. Consecrated virgins, put to death at Cirtha, in Numidia, with SS. Agapius aud Secundinus, bishops, who had long been in exile there ; also St. Aemilianus, a soldier ; and a woman •with her twin children, E.M. AA.SS. St, Antonia (2), May 4, M. at Nico media, in Bithynia. Mentioned in the Martyrology of St. Jerome. She was hung up by one arm for three days, kept in prison for two years, and then burned to death. Henschenius thinks she may possibly be the same as Antonina (l). B.3L AA.SS. St. Antonia (3). One_ of _ the martyrs of Lyons, who died in prison. JSee Balbina, St, Antonia (4), June 4. Com memorated with Trophonia, AA.SS. St. Antonia (6), AprU 12, M, AA.SS. B. Antonia (6), Antoinette, or Antonietta, Feb. 28, April 7. 1401- 1472. O.S.F. A native of Florence. She was still very young when left a widow with one son. She took tho veil in Florence, in the convent of Sant' Onofrio, of cloistered nuns of the Third Order of St. Francis. B. Angelina CoKBAKA wa3 founder and superior of all tho cloistered tertiaries. In 1430 sho set Antonia over her head convent of Sr. Anna, at Foligno, where she forraed a great friendship with B. Paula. In 1433 Angelina sent them to AquUa to found tivo convents of the observance. Antonia became superior of St. Eliza beth's. While she was there AngeUna died, and was succeeded by B. Mar garet of Foligno, Through St. John of Capistrano, vicar-general of the ob servance, who visited Aquila at the time, Antonia obtained the monastery of Corpo di Cristo, or the Holy Eucharist, which had just been built at Aquila for another order. She settled there in 1447, with twelve nuns of her order, to follow, in all its rigour, the first rule of St. Cl.\i«a. In this monastery Paula died. Antonia soon had to enlarge the house. Her son and her other relations came troubling her with their worldly affairs, which was a trial to her. She ruled here for seven years, and died Feb. 28, 1472, aged seventy -one. Her body lay in the church there for over four centuries, with the limbs supple, the eyes open, and every appearance of life. In 1847 Pius IX. approved her im memorial worship. Her feast is only kept in her own order. A.B.3I. Eomano- Seraphic, April 7. JacobilU, Saints of Umhria. Leon, Aureole de Sainte Claire. Collin de Plancy gives her day ns Feb. 29. B. Antonia (7) Guaineri, Oct. 27. O.S.D. 1407-1.507. Nun in the Do minican convent of St, Catherine the Martyr, in Brescia, While very young, she was reproved one day by the choir- mistress for not singing loud enough. Either not understanding how to modu late her voice, or being a little obstinate, she did not obey. To teach her sub mission, she was stripped down to her waist, and whipped in presence of the nuns in the chapter. She became a B. ANTONIA pattem nun. At sixty-sis she was sent with others to reform the convent of St. Catherine at Ferrara. -There she was unanimously chosen prioress. She governed so well that that convent was soon remarkable for sanctity, and several of her nuns were sent to reform other convents. Several of them are num bered among the saints ; they are BB. Veronica, who died July 6, 1511 ; Ce cilia, who died 1511 ; Angela (6) Serafina, who died 1512 ; Paula Spez- ZANi, who died Aug. 18, 1509 ; Perpetua Sardi; and Costanza. Antonia was humble aud self-denying, but strict, and at one time sorae discontented subordi nates succeeded in deposing her; but tbe old nuns remonstrated, and Lad Ler reinstated. She died in 1507, at the age of a hundred, and was honoured thenceforth as a saint. AA.SS. Eazzi, Predicatori. Pio, Uomini Blustri per Santita. B. Antonia (8), or Antoinette d'Orleans, April 22. -f 1618. Marquise de Belle Isle. Founder of the Bene dictines of Mount Calvary. She was daughter of the Duke of Longueville, and related to the royal family of France, She married the Marquise de Belle Isle, eldest son of the Duke of Eetz, and was left a widow while still youug and beau tiful. She took the veil, at the age of twenty-seven, in a Cistercian monastery at Toulouse, where she was buried. She founded the nunnery of SS. Mary and Scholastica, at Poitiers, and, on be coming abbess there, restored, the primi tive strictness of the rule of St. Benedict. The merabers of this reformed rule are called the Congregation of Benedictine Nuns of Mount Calvary. Guenebault, Bid. d'Icon. AA.SS., April 22, Prteter. Butler's Lives, note to " St. Benedict," March 21. Henriquez, Lilia. St. Antoniana,,M. with St. .\ntiga. St. Antonina (1), May 3, V. M. Called "tho Disguised," to distinguish her from two other martyrs of the same name. Eepresented wearing a veil, to indi cate disguise. At Constantinople, in the persecution under Diocletian aud Maxi mian, c. 300, she was condemned by Festus, tho governor, to tho lowest de gradation. Alexander, a soldier, changed clothes with her, and thus enabled her to escape from the infamous place in which she was. Both were taken, their hands out off, and they wero burned to death. The story of SS. Theodora and Didyraus is almost identical with this ; the incident, in their case, happened at Alexandria during the same persecution. St. Ambrose, writing in the 4th century, tells the story with some amplifications, laying the scene at Antioch. He says that the young woman, being ordered to choose between abjuring hor religion and being sent to the lupanar, said, " What I lose by force and agaiust my will is not my sin, and my Lord will not account me polluted if my heart is pure, but if I renounce Him and sacrifice to idols, that which I keep at such a price will profit me nothing." So they took her to a place resorted to by the wicked. One of her guards changed clothes with her, and she es caped in safety. Soon afterwards some wicked men carae into the roora where she had been, and finding a raan in her stead, thought the place was bewitched. They said, " Did not the governor send a woman bere in this very dress ? Who knows what metamorphosis may befall us if we stay? Let us escape out of this house while we know what we are." The pious fraud was soon discovered. Tho soldier was brought before the governor, who condemned him to death for aiding the escape of a prisoner under his care. The Christian maiden, hear ing of it, carae and begged to be put to death instead. The governor seemed willing to consent. The soldier, how ever, entreated that the sentence already pronounced against him might be exe cuted, aud the woraan liberated. The governor said that as they were so anxious to die they might bo gratified. Accordingly both were burnt. iJ.il/. Golden Legend. Quintaduenas says Alexander and Antonina wero natives of Ocana, near Madrid, and suffered about the year 100. The Spanish and other hagiologists occasionally claim as compatriots the saints and martyrs who have become popular among thera ; this doubtless ST. APIIRODISIA 79 gives rise, in some cases, to a multi plication of saints. St, Antonina (2), June 12, M. at Nicea, in Bithynia, In the persecution under Diocletian and Maximian, she was scourged, hung on the equuleus, her sides torn with hooks, burnt with lamps, and finally killed with a sword. B.M. AA.SS. St. Antonina (3) of Cea, March 1, M. Eepresented with a barrel near her, or being put into a cask or sack. Said by the Spanish hagiographers to have been born at Cea, in the pro vince of Beira, in Portugal. Accused of deriding tho gods, she was tortured in various ways, then shut up in a vessel and drowned in a lake near Cea, under Diocletian. She is one of the most popular of the Portuguese saints. This rhyme is common among the peasants of the province, and refers to her — " Antonina pequeiia, Dos olhos grandes, Matarao-na idolatias "Idolaters and savage giants killed little Antonina of the large eyes." St. Antonina (3) is given in the Eoman Martyrology. According to Henschenius, AA.SS., this is no other than St. Anto nina of Nicea, in Bithynia ; her worship was introduced into the Latin Church frora the Greek, in the 16th century ; and the word " Cea " has heen introduced by mistake for " Nicea "by some of the copyists of old calendars. Antonina of Nicea has also been set up as another saint of the island of Cea, or Ceo. St. Antonina (4), May 7, M. in Africa. AA.SS. St. Antonina (5), June 2. One of 227 Eoman martyrs commeraorated this day in St. Jerome's Martyrology. AA.SS. St. Anysia (1), Dec 30. +304. v. M. A young lady of Thessalonica, who was so beautiful and had such quantities of money, slaves, jewels, and all kinds of splendid things, that she knew not what to do. She said to her self, " How can I be saved with all this wealth?" One Sunday, during the persecution under Diocletian, as she was going through the Cassandriote Gate ou her way to church, or to thc secret meeting-place of the Christians, she met a soldier, who rudely stopped hor, and asked where she was going. In her fright she made tho sign of the cros.5. He thought she was making game of him, seized hold of her, and insisted on having au answer. She said, "I am a servant of Christ, and I am going to my Lord's assembly." "I wUl not let yon go thero," said the soldier. "I wiU take you to pour a libation to the gods, for to-day we worship the sun." As she tried to get away from him, he pulled her veil, and rudely touched her face. " May Christ Jesus rebuke thee, devil ! " cried the maiden, angiy and terrified. The soldier drew his sword, and plunged it in her side. She fell, and all the ground was stained with her blood. The crowd first pitied her youth, and then abused her for contemning the gods. The Christians buried her two stadia from that gate, and when the persecution was over, they built a house of prayer on the spot, to the left of the pubUe ¦ road. Such is the story given by Simeon Metaphrastes, Migne's edition, iii. 747. It is also in Surius, Baronius, the 3Ieno- logy ofthe Emperor Basil, Butler, Mar tin, etc. St. Anysius, bishop of Thessalonica, is comraemorated with St. Anysia. (B.M. and Greek Synaxary.) Baring-Gould, Lives, says Anysius received his name frora the circumstance of Anysia's mar tyrdom being fresh in the memory of the Christians of Thessalonica when he was born. He was bishop there at the time of the meraorable massacre under Theodosius the Great, in consequence of which St. Ambrose forbade that Emperor to enter the chnrch at Milan, in 389. St. Anysia (2), Dec. 31, M., is said by the Bollandists, Grseco-Slav. Calendar, to mean Anastasia ; but this compiler ventures to think it is Anysia St. Apersia, July 25. Coramemo- rated in the Arahico-Egyplian Martyro logy. AA.SS. St, Aphra, Afra. St. Aphrodisia, Nov. 5. There was a church iu her honour at Beziers, where St. Gerald, bishop of Beziers, 80 ST. APHTE chose to be buried in 1123. Baring- Gould, Lives ofthe Saints, " St. Gerald." St. Aphte, Agatha. St. ApoUinaris (l), Aug. 23. M. with St. Timothy at Eheims, in Gaul. B.M. St. ApoUinaris (2) Syndetica, Jan. 5. Early in the 5th century. Daughter of Antheraius, who is called by Metaphrastes, Emperor; but Mr. Baring-Gould considers it more probable that he was grandfather of the Emperor of that name, and held the office of consular prefect of Eome and regent during the minority of Theodosius tho Younger. Having obtained her parents' permission to make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, she there liberated all the slaves who had been sent with her, keep ing in her service only one eunuch and an old raan to arrange her tent. One night, having gone into her tent as usual, her two servants sleeping outside, she put on a hermit's habit, which she bad procured in Jerusalem for the pur pose, and fled silently into the desert. When her servants, aided by the gover nor of the place where they were, had sought her in vain, they returned to her parents, who supposed she had taken refuge from the world in some sister hood of holy women. Meantime, Apol- linaris betook herself to St. Macarius of Alexandria, who lived in the desert of Scete, at the head of a large coraraunity of recluses in cells and caves. Having cut off her hair, and being by this time much tanned and disfigured by exposure to hardships, hunger, and the Egyptian sun, she easily passed for a man, and spent many years among the brethren nnder the name of Dorotheus. Anthe- mius had another daughter, who was possessed of a devil, aud as Le Lad heard of the sanctity and miracles of St. Macarius, Le sent Ler to Lim to be cured. Macarius Landed Ler over to Dorotheus, who said that God had not conferred on hira the gift of miracles, and begged the good abbot not to give the young women into his charge. Macarius insisted, and the girl was shut up with Dorotheus in his cell for some days, that he might cast out the devil by prayer and fasting. After a time, the daughter of Antheinius was sent home cured. A few months afterwards she became dropsical. Her parents, believing her to be pregnant, aud turn ing a deaf ear to her denial, insisted so vehemently on knowing who was her seducer, that at last she said it was Dorotheus, in whose cell she had spent some days. Antheraius therefore sent to St. Macarius, and requested an inter view with the guilty Dorotheus. The monks were horrified at the charge brought against their brother ; but Doro theus said, "Fear not, brethren, God will reveal my innocence." When Apol- linaris was bronght into the presence of Antheraius, she told him she was his lost daughter. He rejoiced greatly to see her again. When she had stayed a short time with her parents, and had by her prayers obtained her sister's cure, she retumed to the desert. The B.31. says that her illustrious actions are praised by St. Athanasius. Boll., AA.SS. Her story, as told by Meta phrastes, is given by Baiing-Gould, Lives of the Saints. St, ApoUonia (l), Feb. 9, is called in French Appoline, V. M. at Alexan dria, 249. Patron agaiust toothache and diseases of thc teeth. Eepresented bound to a pUlar, having her teeth pulled out, or holding a tooth in pincers. After tho murder of St. Quinta (q.v.), the mob pillaged the houses of the Christians, burning what they did not carry away, so that the city looked like a place taken by storm. After this they seized " that admirable and aged virgin Apol louia ; " and first they broke all her teeth with heavy blows, then they kindled a great fire, and told her she should be thrown into it unless she would repeat their blasphemies. At first she seemed to hesitate ; then, taking couroge, she leapt into the fire, and became a burnt sacrifice to the Lord. (Crake, Hist, of ihe Church, quoting a letter of Dionysius, bishop of -Alexandria, describ ing the seventh persecution.) Suicide and courting martyrdom and persecution have been repeatedly con demned by the Church in all ages, and decrees have been made forbidding the honoui'S of martyrs to those who ST, AQUILINA 81 voluntarily sought them; but St. Apol louia has always been ranked among the martyred Saints. This persecution is described in a letter (preserved by Eusebius) from St. Dionysius, Bishop of Alexandria, to Fabius, Bishop of Antioch, It was not commanded by the Eraperor Philip, who favoured the Christians, but was an out break of ill feeling on the part of tho Alexandrians, stirred up to hostility against the Christians by a poot and soothsayer, B.M Yillegas. TUlemont. BaUlet, Callot. Husenbeth. Her apocryphal Acts, given by Bol landus, place her raartyrdom in the time of Julian the Apostate, who kills her with his own hand, B. ApoUonia (2), Sept. 10, 1622, M. A widow, aged sixty, descended from the Kings of Firando. She lived with Mary Mourayama, and was put to death with her and Lucy Freitas (q.vi). Apol- lonia's nephew, Gasper Cotenda, and his son Francis were martyred next day, St. Appamia. M. with St. Julia of Troyes. St. Apphia, or Appia (1), Nov. 22, M. 1st century. Wife of St. Philemon, a citizen of Colosse. The Epistle of SS, Paul and Timothy concerning Onesimus is addressed to Philemon and '¦' our be loved Apphia," In the Eoman Catholic version she is called, " Appia, our dearest sister." The Bo'>nan 3Iartyrology and the Greek menologies say SS, Philemon and Apphia, disciples of St, Paul, suf fered martyrdom at Colosse in Phrygia. When, on the festival of Diana, tho heathen invaded the churches and some Christians fled, these two were scourged by order of Artocles, the prefect, and afterwards buried up to their waists in the ground, and stoned to death iu that defenceless condition. More raodern writers say the manner of their death appears to indicate that it was perpe trated by a mob, in a riot, and not by legal trial and sentence. Tradition makes St, Philemon Bishop of Gaza. The Menology cf Basil places the martyr dom at Ephesus. Baillet, Vies. Phile mon 2. St. Appia (1), Apphia. St. Appia (2), June 1, M. with Sr. Aucega. AA.SS. St. Appia (3), Juno 20, M. at Corinth. AA.SS. St. Appoline, Apollonia. St. Apra, Afua. St. Aprincia, or Prece, June 22, 2.5, Y, Abbess of Epinal on the Moselle. li.*th century. Her relics were kept in the monastery of St, Clement at Metz (Metis), Papebroch could ascertain nothing of her date or history, and sus pected she might be the same as Apro- NiA, July 15. AA.SS. Stadler. St. Apronia, or Evroni.\, July 15, Sept. 15. 5th century. Invoked by women in labour and other danger. Born at Troyes, in Champagne. Sister- of St. Apero, or Epirus (in French Evre), Bishop of Toul. AA.SS., July 15. Baillet, in the lAfe of St. Evre, Sept. 15.. Petis BoUandistes. St. Apt, or Aphte, Feb. 5. St.. -A.GATHA is worshipped under this name in Provence, and a town is called after her. St. Aquila, Jan. 23, M. with SS.. Severian her husbaud, and Florus their son ; they were burnt at Neo-Coesarea, anciently Jol, on tho coast of Mauri tania. Martyrology of SaUsbury. BoU., AA.SS. B.3L St. Aquilina (1), Jan. 22, M. 291, Mother of St, Victor, a priest or deacon, who for the crime of showing hospi tality to the martyrs SS. Vincent and OrontOjhad his arms cut oft' by the elbows, and was then beheaded. His father, although a Christian, was going to flee from the persecutors, but at the entreaty of Aquilina, he remained at home, where thoy were both soon put to death with another son. These events took place either at Gerunda (Gerona in Catalonia), or at Pax Augusta (Badajoz), or Pax Julia (Beja), The relics of all these martyrs were reraoved to Ebrodunura (Embrun, Alpes Maritimes, iu France). Bollandus, AA.SS. Cahier, Caracter istiques Voc. Groupes. St, Aquilina (2), June 13, V, M. 293. Daughter of Christians at Byblus, the place called iu the Old Testament Gebal, the city of thc Giblitos, a very 6 82 ST, AQUILINA ancient city of Phoenicia and a chief seat of the licentious worship of Adonis. The votaries of this horrible religion and the priests who profited by it were bitterly opposed to Christianity, and although there was at this time no general per secution of the Church, there were al ways laws and customs that could be brought into play by malice or greed. The priests were incensed to find that AquiUna, an orphan, scarcely twelve years old, was converting many of her companions and tho women with whom she came in contact in her daily work, and was constantly speaking against the religion of the place. So when Yolusian, the proconsul, came to Byblus, they ac cused her of impiety. He had her ar rested. When she was brought into his presence he was touched with compassion at the sight of her youth and beauty and her frogile appearance, and besought her to renounce her dangerous opinions, as the least of the tortures to which she might be subjected would certainly de- : stroy her life at once. She answered that she did not want his pity, and would gladly suffer tortures and death for the sake of her Master, He then ordered the executioners to beat her with their hands, and asked her how she liked this first and least of the torments, "As little," said she, " as you spare the Christians, will the God of the Christians spare you." Then he caused her to be stripped of her clothes, and held by two of the executioners, while a third beat her with a scourge ; at the same time Yolusian said to her, " Where is this God of yours, who will not spare me ? " •Other tortures and insults wero heaped upon the brave little girl, and at last red- hot awls were driven into her cars to burn tho brain, the smoke came out at her nostrUs, and the pain was so great that she fell lifeless to the ground. Yolusian commanded that she should not be buried, but cast out to be eaten by dogs and unclean beasts ; so her body was thrown into the road outside the gate of the town. But she was not dead, and as she lay an angel touched her and bade her arise and go back to the city and address a final remonstrance to her tyrant. She arose, gave thanks to God for her recovery, and then kneeled down and prayed, " Lord, I hoped yesterday that I was counted among Thy martyrs. Thou knowest that I suffered pain and sharae for Thee, and was willing to suft'er even unto death. Lord, let mc not lose my crown." Then she was comforted ; and, iu obedience to the angel, returned to the town. She went through the gates, passed the guards unnoticed, and walked iuto the room where Yolusian lay asleep. He awoke and saw a small white ghostly creature in the roora. In his fright he called to his servants to bring a light, and asked who had disturbed him. They said, ." It is the Christian maiden that you killed yesterday, and cast out for the dogs to eat." Then AquUina said, " Yolusian, my God sends me back to warn you again that you cease from per secuting His servants. If you will still repent, you may be as one of us ; but if not, know that our God will punish you with everlasting torments greater than those you inflict upon us." " Take her away," said Yolusian ; " keep her safely until it is day." In the morning he tried again to persuade her to apostatize. Finding his efforts vain, he condemned her to bo beheaded. She kneeled down and died praying, untouched by the exe cutioner, and the Christians took her away and buried her. E.M. and AAJSS., from ancient Acts given in Greek and Latin by Henschenius. St, Aquilina (3), March 30, Y, M. AA.SS. St, AquiUna (4), July 26, M. Be headed in Lycia. Disciple of St. Chris topher, See NicETA. E.3I. St, AquUina (¦")). See Archangela DE Peegnachis, _St. Arabia, Blarch 13, Burnt at Nicea, with St. Theuseta and others. B.3I. Henschenius, AA.SS. St. Ariaba is possibly the sarae. St. Araclea, or Heuaclea, Sept. 29. The first name in a list of martyrs in Thrace. It is uncertain whether Araclea is a place or a person. AA.SS. St. -^radegundis, Eadegund. St. Aragond, Eadegund. St, Aragone, Eadegund. B. Archangela (i) de Pregna- chis, M, Said to have been a martyr at ST. .ARMAGILD 8-3 Brescia, in thc 2nd century. St. Aqui lina (5)' was her fellow-Christian and martyr. Their story was considered by Bollandists unworthy of attention, being found only in a fabulous martyrology of Brescia. B, Archangela (2) Girlani, Jan. '2r,. 28, Feb. 6, 19, Juno 1, 27, f l-"*'^!- Superior of the convent of St. iMary r f Paradise at Mantua : it was called Little Carmel. Her penitence and asceticism were wonderful. Her holiness was at tested by miracles. Her worship was authorized by Louis Gonzaga, Bishop of Mantua, and his successors. Her Life, in Italian, by Guastalla, was printed in 1686, She is commeraorated in the A.E.M. for the Order qf St. 3Iary rf Mount Carmel, Jan. 25, Feb. 6 ; in that for the Barefooted Carmelites, Jan. 28, Feb, 19, AA.SS., Prseter., June 1. Stad ler gives the date of her death as 1480. St. Archelaa, or Arquel.ws, Jan, i<, Y. M. 3rd century. Took refuge with SS. Thecla and Susanna, at Nola, in Campania; they were all martyred at Salerno. AA.SS. in SS. Cesarius and Julian, Nov. 1. St, Archelais, Oct, 28, M, at Antioch in Syria, with SS. Marianus and Sraa- ragdus. Mentioned in the apographs of St, Jerome, Petits BoUandistes. St. Archiroga, Jan. 22, is mentioned in the Mart. Bichenoviense as a saint of Spoleto. St. Arddun Benasgell. Oth cen tury. Sister of St. Dunawd, husband of St. Dwywe. Wife of Brochwel Ysy- throg, son of a Prince of Powis, In the war against the Northumbrians, Brochwel was loft to defend the monks, who were praying at a distance frora the main body of the army. Ethelfrid, Eing of Northumberland, unexpectedly attacked the monks and reserve, and defeated them. It is said that some Y'elsh churches were dedicated in her name, but their i^lace is not now known. Eees, Welsh Saints, p. 207. St, Areapila is honoured at St. Hubert as one of tho eleven thousand virgins of Cologne. Guerin. St, Aregundis, Eadegund. St. Arema, Juno 0, M. at Eome. Guerin. St. Aretina, Artena. St. Argentea of Andalusia, May Vi, M. in 931, at Cordova, with St. Vulfurus, a Frenchman. They are represente