C JBA: Its Resources ti Opportune . . BY . . PULASKI R HYATT, United States Consul, Santiago de Cuba, .AND JOHN T. HYATT, United States Vice-Consul, Santiago de Cuba* YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY From the Library of LOUIS S. de FOREST, Y'79 Feeding the Staeving Reconcenteados at Santiago. Twenty Thousand Eeoonoentrados In Santiago, and Thirty Thousand in Other Parts ot his Jurisdiction were dally fed by Consul Hyatt, Prior to the War with Spain. CUBA: ITS RESOURCES AND OPPORTUNITIES. VALUABLE INFORMATION FOR AMERICAN INVESTORS, MANUFACT URERS, EXPORTERS, IMPORTERS, LUMBER AND MINE OPER ATORS, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL MERCHANTS, EM PLOYMENT SEEKERS, PROSPECTIVE PLANTERS, PROFES'IONAL MEN, SPORTSMEN, TRAV ELERS, RAILROAD MEN, AND OTHERS. BY PULASKI F. HYATT, United States Consul, Santiago de Cuba, AND JOHN T. HYATT, United States Vice-Consul, Santiago de Cuba. Copyright, 1898, by Pulaski F. Hyatt. NEW YORK : J. S. OGILVIE PUBLISHING COMPANY, 57 Rose Street. TO ENOCH PERRINE, Litt. D., PROFESSOR OF LITERATURE IN BUCKNELL UNIVERSITY, THIS VOLUME IS DEDICATED BY HIS FRIENDS, THE AUTHORS. PREFACE. Many letters of inquiry concerning opportunities for trade, employment, investment and recreation in Cuba, written from all parts of the United States and received by the authors while, for nearly six years, representing this government at Santiago de Cuba, and a largely in creased number received since their return home, conse quent upon the declaration of war with Spain, have led them to produce this book, which embodies in a detailed and comprehensive form, such as could not be attempted in mere personal communications, the information about Cuba so generally sought in this country, now that its wonderful resources are about to be opened up as never before. The authors do not know that any book, yet published, gives this precise information or brings it up to date. Besides having visited nearly all parts of Cuba, the consular district of the authors included over one-third of the area of the island, so that their opportunities for close investigation and study were unsurpassed. The information herein contained is largely presented at first hand; sometimes it came in the daily course of busi ness, sometimes through personal interviews with promi nent planters and business men, sometimes with the aid of professional friends, who are natives or have spent long years on the island. They have attempted to state VI PREFACE. facts, and beg to assure the reader that the truth will justify the assertion that in Cuba there is for the busi ness man a future "beyond the dreams of avarice." They submit the results of their efforts to the consider ate judgment of their fellow-countrymen, hoping that the book may assist in opening up avenues beneficial to all. Besides credit given in the body of the book, the authors desire especially to acknowledge their indebted ness to Hon. Bobert Mason and Mr. Julian Cendoya, prominent business men of Santiago, for valuable inform ation ; also to Don Carlos Fox, of La Cruz. Mr. Robert S. Chilton, chief of the United States Consular Bureau, and Mr. Frederic Emory, director of the Bureau of American Republics, contributed valuable assistance. Pulaski F. Hyatt. John T. Hyatt. Lewisbukg, Pa., December 1, 1898. CONTENTS. PAGE Introduction xi Population of Island — According to Provinces, Cities, Races, Density of Territory, Education xiii CHAPTER I. Geography— Location, Dimensions, Topography: Mountains, Plains, Bays, Lakes, Rivers, etc 13 CHAPTER II. Political Divisions 16 CHAPTER HI. Industrial Divisions 17 CHAPTER IV. Cities and Towns — Havana, Santiago de Cuba, Matanzas, Cien fuegos, Cardenas, Sagua la Grande, Baracoa, Manzanillo, Guantanamo, etc. Detailed descriptions of each, including public improvements, business houses, hotels, etc 18 CHAPTER V. The Cuban and the Spaniard — Including important social customs from a business man's standpoint 26 CHAPTER VI. RUKAL CUBA — Description of life in the country districts 35 CHAPTER VII. Transportation and Communication— Account of all insular railroads and branches, giving names, capital stock, equip ment, cities connected, method of management, etc. Trans portation by pack-mule trains, drays, etc. Ocean liners. Cables. Telegraph and telephone lines , . 41 V111 CONTENTS. CHAPTER VIII. pagb Agricultural Resources — An account of the opportunities along this line is given with great detail, including past ex periences, capital and equipment necessary for plantations, method of procedure, costs, profits, etc. Besides taking a general view of the question, sub-chapters, containing the fullest and most invaluable information gathered direct from the planters by the authors, are given concerning the culti vation of the following products: Sugar, Coffee, Cocoa, To bacco, Bananas, Pineapples, Cocoanuts, Cassava Root, Figs, Oranges and Lemons, Citrons 49 CHAPTER IX. Forest Resources. — Giving an account of all valuable woods on the island, locality, past methods of lumbering, new methods needed, obstacles, costs, profits, etc 74 CHAPTER X. Mineral Resources — This subject is treated in a practical and comprehensive way, and the exact information needed by investors is given, including location of mines and qualities of ores, past records. Opportunities for mineral development in Cuba are immense. The following topics have separate sub-chapters: Iron, Manganese, Copper, Asphalt and Bitumi nous Deposits, Gold and Silver, Other Metals and Minerals. . 77 CHAPTER XI. Other Opportunities for Investment — New railroads, new trolleys, bridges to be built, towns sewered and paved, electric light, telephone and telegraph lines, etc., banks, breweries, ice plants, hotels, etc., etc 94 CHAPTER XII. The Labor Question — The lack of common day laborers, Im portation of such laborers from adjacent islands needed, Wages paid — on railroads, for mechanics, clerks, domestics and other help 96 CHAPTER XIII. Extension of Commerce. — Best methods of increasing old trade and introducing new goods, Detailed statement of goods hitherto furnished by other countries, which the U. S. must now supply, Methods of packing and shipping goods 100 CONTENTS. IX CHAPTER XIV. page Retail Trade — Description of stores and who own them, Kind of goods commonly handled, How and by whom customers are waited upon, Some peculiar mercantile customs, market ing, monies used, and their relative values 109 CHAPTER XV. Opportunities for Employment 115 CHAPTER XVI. Climate — The most comprehensive and authentic information ever printed in English on this subject, it is believed, is given, with official and personal records and observations . . 117 CHAPTER XVII. Tropical Diseases and Medical Advice — By Henry S. Caim- anero, M.D., U. S. Sanitary Inspector M. H. S. at Santiago de Cuba, concluding with observations on Cuba as a Winter resort 122 CHAPTER XVIII. Cuba for the Sportsman — A valuation account of the rich opportunity for diversion with rod and line 127 CHAPTER XIX. Curious Animal Life 131 CHAPTER XX. Annexation — Arguments pro and con 134 CHAPTER XXI. Spanish Words and Phrases 141 CHAPTER XXII. Industrial Statistics— Including exports of Cuba and im ports from different countries, covering from 5 to 20 years. . 149 CHAPTER XXIII. A Cuban Bull Fight 158 Business Directory of Cuba 169 INTRODUCTION. The late Jay Gould, upon returning from his first trip to Cuba, in speaking of the island, with unfeigned aston ishment, said: "It is an empire!" "While the old world is as familiar to many Americans as is their own country, Cuba, almost within sight of our own shores, has remained, like Central Africa, practically unknown. This condi tion is due partly to the impediments which the Spanish Government always placed in the way of tourists who desired to visit the island, and to the Chinese-like watch fulness of the jealous Spaniard who wished to keep from the outside world a knowledge of the great wealth and value of the possession. Hence the absence of reliable statistical information about Cuba, not even a thoroughly trustworthy map being available. With the final extinc tion of Spanish sovereignty, corruption and oppression, the establishment of a free and progressive government by its own people under the guidance and protection of the United States, or, what is far better, annexation, the island, with its marvelous resources and possibilities so long repressed and subdued in the shadows of the dark ages, will present inducements to American capital and enterprise in legitimate investments promising a return of riches far beyond anything that California or the Klondyke ever offered. POPULATION. CENSUS OF CUBA, PUBLISHED DECEMBER 31, 1887. Total population 1,631,687 Whites 1,111,808 Negroes 520,884 Cubans 1,250,000 Spaniards (offloe-holding class) 300,000 All others 81,687 Provinces. Whites. Colored. Total. Per cent of Col'd Race, 344,417 167,160143,169 244,345 54,232 157,980 107,511 58,781 116,401109,777 13,557 114,839 451,928225,891259,578354,122 67,789 272,379 24 81 20 42 1,111,803 520,316 1,631,687 Average per cent, of colored race, 31. Provinces. Inhabitants. Square Kilometres. Density. 451,928259,578 225,891 67,789 354,122 272,379 8,610 8,486 14,96732,341 23,083 85,119 52.49 80.59 15.09 2.10 15.34 7.75 1,631,687 122,606 13.31 XIV POPULATION. This population was distributed in the cities as follows : Havana 280,000 Santiago de Cuba 60,000 Matanzas 40,000 Cienfuegos 30,000 Puerto Principe 25,000 Santo Espiritu 20,000 Cardenas 20,000 Of the whites 19,685 could read, 367,629 could read and write, and 715,575 could not read. Of the colored 8,450 could read, 56,566 could read and write, and 463,- 782 could not read. During the progress of the war the population fell to something below 1,000,000. Many were killed in battle and on campaigns, others called reconcentrados — women, children, aged and decrepit men — died from exposure and starvation, while many of the wealthier classes, in cluding both Spaniards and Cubans, departed until hos tilities should cease. These will now reappear since they have property interests at stake. CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. CHAPTER I. GEOGRAPHY. Cuba, as the island is familiarly known, was discovered by Columbus October 25, 1492, the first landing, it is thought, having taken place near Nuevitas. It was first called by him Juana, after a child of Ferdinand and Isabella. Later it was known as Fernandina, Ferdinand, Santiago, and Ave Maria respectively, the last in recogni tion of the kind offices of the Virgin Mary — but the name Cuba remains. The island lies between the Caribbean Sea on the south, and the Gulf of Mexico and Bahama Channel on the north, in latitude 19° 50' to 23° 9' north, and longi tude 67° 50' to 78° 20' west. Between Cape Sable, Florida, and the Cuban mainland, the distance is 130 miles. The island is 760 miles long, from 30 to 150 miles wide, and if stretched across the United States, it would reach from Trenton, N. J., to St. Louis, Mo. It has a coast line of 2,200 English miles, and an area, including coastal islands, of 45,838 square miles, about that of the State of Pennsylvania. Halstead says: "Long Island is always held in great esteem for her fine figure between the sea and the sound, extended from Manhattan Harbor to Montauk Point, her soil fertile except where the sand hills or the salt marshes encroach, her climate salubrious, 14 CUBA the home of the sea breeze, the surrounding marshes teeming with food fishes, far surpassing those that in all the historic ages have been famous in the Sea of Marmora, and the Hellespont, and the Dardanelles, and all the abounding waters from the Mediterranean to the Black Sea. Now Cuba is twenty-nine times the size of Long Island ; indeed is longer measured across degrees of lati tude, and larger in superficial area than the State of New York, and is as large as England, omitting Wales." The island, which lies somewhat in the shape of a crescent, is traversed by mountain chains whose highest elevations are in the extreme eastern and western prov inces, with some notable exceptions near the center. Most of the surface consists of undulating and well- watered plains, covered with luxuriant forests and plan tations. The coast is, in some places, low and marshy, in others very abrupt. Sulphurous and thermal springs are numerous. The western part of the island is granitic with primitive schist and gneiss, the central and southern portions calcareous on a schistose formation. The mountains of Santiago de Cuba province reach the height of over 8,200 feet. Several islands lie on the north ern coast, the largest, Romano, having an area of 172 square miles, while on the south the Isla de Pinos has an area of 800 square miles. Cuba has 250 rivers, necessarily somewhat short and small, navigable by boats only in parts, but useful for irri gation. The largest, El Cauto, rises in the Sierra del Cobre, and empties into the bay of Buena Esperanza on the southern coast, being navigable by boats for 50 miles. The Sagua la Grande, emptying on the north coast, is an important stream, and El Bio Negro is noted for its beau tiful waterfalls and cascades, some of which reach a height AND ITS RESOURCES. 15 of 200 feet. While most of these rivers have a hard bot tom, and the water is as clear as crystal, none save the Cauto would be dignified in the United States with a title higher than that of a creek. However, during the rainy season, some of these small streams rise suddenly 30 or 35 feet, and during the floods advantage is taken by the mahogany and cedar lumbermen to float their timber to the sea. No other island of its size in the world has so many desirable harbors. There are 220, thirty-seven of which on the north, and thirteen on the south are acces sible to ooean-going vessels. 16 CUBA CHAPTER II. POLITICAL divisions. Under the Spanish administration, Cuba was divided into three regions — the western, central, and eastern. Each region comprised two provinces, divided into several judicial districts, and these again were subdivided into municipal sections. The western region embraced the provinces of Pinar del Rio and Havana; the central com prised the provinces of Matanzas and Santa Clara, and the eastern provinces were made up of Puerto Principe and Santiago de Cuba. Prior to 1898 the island was governed by a governor and captain-general, appointed by the Spanish Crown, who was the superior political, military, and economic chief. Each of the six provinces was administered by a governor. On the 1st of January, 1898, the Spanish government adopted a system of autonomous government for the island, providing for popular representation in the administration of affairs, but it was not accepted by the insurgents and had no practical effect. Under the terms of the suspension of hostilities between the United States and Spain, the affairs of the island are ad ministered for the present by the military commanders of the United States forces. AND ITS RESOURCES. 17 CHAPTER III. INDUSTRIAL DIVISIONS. There can be pointed out four different sections in the island, each distinctly characterized by its adaptability to a certain kind of industry. Pinar del Rio, the west ernmost province of the island, is distinguished for its excellent and unsurpassed tobacco and fruits. Havana, Matanzas, and Santa Clara provinces are devoted almost entirely to the cultivation of sugar cane and to the sugar industry. Puerto Principe (which occupies the center of the island) is the cattle-raising province, and Santiago de Cuba the mining, fruit, and coffee section of Cuba. 18 CUBA CHAPTER IV. CITIES AND TOWNS. The real life and business of Cuba center in the towns and cities. This will be the case until the country, de veloped by foreign capital and industry, shall be made more inviting and profitable — a result that everybody foresees in the near future. The following desoriptive matter is taken from data furnished by consular officers in 1896, and barring the accidents of war, conditions re main about the same. Havana. — Havana, the capital city of the province of the same name and of the island of Cuba, is situated on the west side of the Bay of Havana (formerly called Carenas), on a peninsula of level land of limestone forma tion, in latitude 23° 8' 15" north, and longitude 88° 22' 45" west, and is on the narrowest part of the island. It is over 3,500 miles from Cadiz, 1,240 miles from New York, and 90 miles from Key West. Its strategic posi tion at the mouth of the Gulf of Mexico has aptly given it the name of the Key of the Gulf, and a symbolic key is emblazoned on its coat-of-arms. The entrance to the harbor, guarded on one side by the Morro and the frown ing heights of the Cabana Fort, and on the other by the Punta and Reina batteries, is narrow, but expands into ; AND ITS RESOURCES. 19 a wide and deep harbor, where a thousand ships can safely ride. Havana is, or was, a strongly fortified place, surrounded by imposing fortifications, such as the Cabana, Morro Castle, Castillo del Principe, Fort Atares, Punta Reina Battery, and Fort No. 4. The streets are generally narrow in the older part of the city, but out side the walls are many wide avenues. The city also contains many notable buildings, as the cathedral, for merly a Jesuit convent, until lately the depository of the ashes of the immortal discoverer of America, the palace of the government, fine private residences, public parks, and statues of Columbus, Fernando VII., Isabel III., etc. Havana has also its university, institute, seminary, theo logical and normal schools, academy of painting and sculpture, asylums ; civil, military, and private hospitals ; several theaters, the principal one, Tacon, being widely celebrated ; a number of clubs, political, social, etc. ; societies of instruction and recreation, large markets, a system of magnificent waterworks, an extensive and beautiful cemetery, sea baths, etc. Along the coast are summer places of resort, connected with the city by lines of horse and steam cars. There are many churches and convents; a commemorative chapel fronts the palace close to a large ceiba tree, under which Diego Velasquez, the founder of the city, celebrated mass in 1519. There are numerous cigar and cigarette factories, tanneries, manufactories of sweetmeats, rum, candles, gas, beer, carriages, soap, perfumery, glycerine, etc. Its principal exports to the United States consist of tobacco, fruit, wax and honey, sugar and molasses. All kinds of bread- stuffs, lumber, coal, and machinery are imported from the United States. Hotels : Ingleterra, $4. Roma Grand Continental, $3. 20 CUBA Santiago de Cuba.' — Santiago de Cuba, the second city in size on the island, is probably the oldest city of any size on this hemisphere, having been founded by Velas quez in 1514. It fronts on a beautiful bay 6 miles long and 2 miles wide, on the southeastern coast of Cuba, 100 miles west of Cape Maysi. Before the war with Spain it was regarded as very unhealthy, yellow fever being prev alent throughout the year and smallpox epidemic at certain times. Since General Wood inaugurated proper sanitary and hygienic measures, the place has been regarded as an ideal of healthfulness. A railroad, called the Sabanilla and Marote, runs from the city to San Luis, 25 miles distant, with a branch to Alto Songo, 12 miles in length. It is largely owned and controlled by citizens of the United States. Santiago is the headquarters for three large mining plants owned by United States citizens, viz., the Juragua, the Spanish American, and the Sigua, together representing the investment of about $10,000,- 000; the last named is not in operation. Santiago is the capital of the province and the Oriental region. There are a number of tobacco factories, but the chief business is the exportation of raw materials, and the importation of manufactured goods and provisions. Sugar, iron ore, manganese, mahogany, hides, wax, cedar and tobacco are exported to the United States. Hotels: Trenard's, $3. Telegrafo, $2. Matanzas. — The city is beautifully situated on Ma tanzas Bay, on the north coast of Cuba, 60 miles east of Havana. It is divided into three parts by rivers, the principal business part occupying the central portion and extending west 1^ miles. The chief warehouses, distil leries, and sugar refineries are on the south of the river ATD ITS RESOURCES. 21 San Juan, easily accessible to railroads and lighters. The principal industries are rum distilling, sugar refin ing, and the manufacturing of guava jelly. There are railroad-car and machine shops. Sugar and molasses are sent to the United States, amounting from 1891 to 1895 to $59,988,497. The climate is fine, and Matanzas is considered the healthiest city on the island. With proper drainage and sanitary arrangements, yellow fever and malaria would be almost unknown. Hotel: Louvre, $4. Cienfuegos. — Cienfuegos is in latitude 22° 9' north and longitude 73° 50' west, on a peninsula in the Bay of Jagua, 6 miles from the sea. The depth of water at the anchorage in the harbor is 27 feet, and at the different wharves from 14 to 16 feet. The commercial importance of the place was recognized some forty years ago, and has increased with the development of the sugar indus try. This port is now the center of the sugar trade for the south of the island. It is connected by rail with Havana and the principal points on the north of the island. Sugar and tobacco are exported to the United States, and soap and ice are manufactured. The climate from December 1st until May is dry and moderately warm, the temperature ranging from 60° to 78° during the day and falling several degrees at night. At this season al most constant winds prevail from the northeast or north west, accompanied by clouds of dust. For the rest of the year the temperature ranges from 75° to 93°, de scending a few degrees at night. During this season there are frequent and heavy rainfalls and wind-storms. Water for household purposes is insufficiently supplied by two small plants, the principal source being the 22 CUBA Jicotea River, 10 miles distant. The death rate is 42.82 per 1,000. Hotel: Union, $4. Cardenas. — Cardenas is a seaport on the north coast of Cuba, about 135 miles east of Havana. The temperature is pleasant during the winter, but from about the middle of May to the middle of October the weather is hot and sultry, the thermometer during the day being usually 94° in the shade and falling some 5° at night. Sugar is the chief article of export. The total exports to the United States in the fiscal year 1895-96 were $2,920,905; of this, sugar represented $1,872,626. About half the imports are from the United States. Hotel, Universal, $2. Trinidad de Cuba. — Trinidad de Cuba is located on the slope of a mountain called La Vijia (Lookout), which has an elevation of about 900 feet above sea level. The port Casilda, lies about 1 league to the south; the har bor is almost land-locked and has very little depth. Vessels drawing 10 feet 6 inches are liable to run aground with the least deviation from the tortuous channel. About half a mile west of Trinidad is the river Guarabo, navigable for small boats only. Four miles east lies Masio Bay, which will accommodate deep-draft vessels. Sugar and a little honey are exported. The climate is very healthy, the death rate being 21 to 26 per 1,000, though sanitary measures have been almost unknown. The town is so situated that the heavier the rains the cleaner it becomes. Sagua la Grande.— The city is situated on the Sagua AND ITS RESOURCES. 23 River, 11 miles from the port. The export trade is con fined almost exclusively to sugar, the population is about 18,000, and the climate and sanitary arrangements are superior to those of most Cuban towns. Hotel, Telegrafo, $3. Baracoa. — Baracoa, on the extreme eastern part of the island, on the northern side, contains about 10,000 in habitants under normal conditions. Its chief industry is the grinding of cocoanuts to extract oil. There are two establishments with a capacity of 30,000 cocoanuts daily, employing about 50 workmen. There is also a petroleum refinery and a chocolate factory. Ban anas and cocoanuts are exported to the United States ($628,811 worth in 1895), Norwegian steamers being employed because of their cheapness as com pared with United States vessels. The climate is pleasant, the average temperature being 78° ; the winds prevailing during the summer are from the southeast. Hotel, none. Manzanillo. — Manzanillo, in the province of Santiago de Cuba, is situated on the inner part of the bay of the same name. Exports to the United States consist chiefly of sugar, cedar, mahogany, tobacco, palm leaves, hides, etc. Hotel, none. Guantanamo. — The population numbers about 7,000. The city is situated 15 miles from the bay, with which it is connected by rail. The production of sugar and coffee are the chief industries of the vicinity. Sugar i 24 CUBA and lumber are exported to the United States. The climate, cool in winter, is very warm in summer. Hotel, none. Santa Cruz del Sur. — Santa Cruz del Sur is situated immediately in front of the sea, the houses being some times touched by the waves when the tide is high. There is but one street, which extends from east to west, and it is about 1| miles in length. The ground behind the houses is swampy and impassable. Cedar, mahogany, honey, and wax are shipped to the United States to the annual value of from $300,000 to $400,000. The climate may be called good, when the bad situation of the town and the lack of sanitary measures are considered. For sev eral years there had been no case of yellow fever; but with the arrival of the Spanish troops it developed and spread widely, owing to the utter lack of hospitals and medical assistance. As soon as the troops were removed, however, the disease disappeared and the health of *ne people has been good since that time, with the exception of some few cases of paludic fever, to which, it seems, the climate is inclined. Hotel, none. Zaza. — Tunas de Zaza is rather a small place, the popu lation, including the part called "Magano" being about 1,500. It is the terminus of the Tunas and Sancti Spiritus Railway, springing up when the road was opened some forty years ago and having made but little progress since that time. Land in the neighborhood is unfit for agricultural purposes, and the supply of vege tables has to be brought by rail or boats. Water is very scarce, there being only a few badly built cisterns, and AND ITS RESOURCES. 25 it is brought in tanks by the railway company and sold to the public at a high price ; it is not always on hand, and, at times, there is a dearth for several days. There is a small tannery, with no modern accessories, having not even an improved mill for grinding bark. Exports consist of sugar, cedar, mahogany, and other lumber, tobacco, wax, and honey. Cattle raising is an important industry of the province. The climate in winter is pleasant, warm in the day and cool of evenings; in summer, as a rule, it is warm. There is very little sick ness in the locality. Hotel, none. 26 CUBA CHAPTER V. THE CUBAN AND THE SPANIARD — SOME IMPORTANT SOCIAL CUSTOMS. During our war with Spain a great deal of harsh criti cism against the Cuban developed in this country, nor has it subsided altogether with the termination of the war. It was charged that, upon a close acquaintance with him, he proved to be an inferior individual, of poorer stuff even than the then despised Spaniard ; that he was illiterate, immoral, shiftless, lazy, revolutionary, and ungrateful. Previously, we had effusively idealized the Cuban as an oppressed hero, who had finally broken the chains with which tyranny had bound him, and car ried on a righteous war for liberty against fearful odds — a fearless, self-sacrificing patriot, without dross of char acter, who cared not for things material, but burned only with the fond wish of thrusting his body upon the altar of his country. Both views are extreme and erroneous, resulting from an ignorance of the Cuban, who is a human being, like the rest of us, with many of the good traits and imperfections to which flesh is heir. The American who goes to Cuba should remember, too, that he himself is an embodiment of the newest civilization, and that at present he will find among the feudal, pro-Spanish standards of the island few ideas in common with his own. As the island comes more and more under the influence of our overtowering repub- AND ITS RESOURCES. 27 lie, thene old ideas will disappear, and Cuba and Cubans will gradually become Americanized, for the people de sire to progress. The new era should be brought about without offensive clashing, which gives rise to mutual hatreds. The American that would succeed in Cuba, especially if he needs the patronage of the public, must accommodate himself to his new surroundings ; he must understand the character of the people among whom he goes, cater to their legitimate wants, and give due re spect to their institutions, customs, and what we may call their peculiarities; because they have suffered so much and have been deprived of so many advantages he must be charitable in his judgment of them. The Cuban is not so tall as the American, nor is the white Cuban so strongly built. He has coal-black eyes and hajr, and never a dumb face. If he belongs to the better class he wears a Panama hat, worth anywhere from $2 to $25. No matter how much filth there is in his surroundings, he is always clean and tidy about his person. His suits are likely to be of immaculate linen, often white; his trousers are creased at the sides, instead of at the front and rear as with us, have no hip pockets, and are sustained by a belt; he believes, and with reason, that suspenders hinder the freedom of the body. The Cuban gentleman does not cease to be fastidious with age. The Cuban senorita is always a subject of interest, be cause she is generally pretty. She has languishing black eyes and sweeping lashes, a small mouth with luscious red lips, and two rows of perfect teeth. Her complexion is olive, and her cheeks have a healthy tinge of pink. She smiles bewitchingly, and her whole face lights up as she talks. She is of ordinary height, has a 28 CUBA shapely form, graceful, undulating gait, and her hands and feet are small and exquisitely shaped. What she lacks in book learning she makes up in mother wit. At twelve years she merges into maidenhood ; she marries at fifteen or seventeen, has considerable of a family by thirty, and in later years is given to obesity. Among the better class no single young woman is allowed to be alone with a young man until she is married. She is vir tuous, and makes a devoted wife. Morality, however, is not a distinguishing feature of the lower class. In the tropics, where birds have their brightest plumage, and nature produces her most gorgeously colored flowers, we might expect to find, as we do, the young women attired in the brightest and gayest of colors. A dress of pure white is decorated with the liveliest of red, blue, green or yellow ribbons, sashes or embroidery, and one often sees dresses of these same colors. Jewelry is frequently a passion. The lowly Cuban wears hat and pants tattered and dirty, and his shirt is often open halfway down his breast. The poor, not barefooted, stick their stocking- less feet into low canvas shoes, always treading on the stiffening at the heel, which was trampled down when the shoes were first obtained. The poor country woman saunters about her humble palm-thatched hut, half-clad and squalid, yet, in times of peace, singing and happy with her lot, while her little children scamper about, clad only in smiles and naked worth; her more airy sister of the town prides herself in a pair of big brass earrings that flash in the sunlight, a jaunty turban of the gayest colors, and, in wearing on the street, a clean, well- starched gown that trails carelessly in the dirt. The young negress, with intuitive coquetry — and many of AND ITS RESOURCES. 29 the older ones, in whom, as a writer says, femininity dies hard — have a queer fashion of leaving one or both bronze arms and shoulders quite out of harness, exposing a liberal view of their natural charms, which stand out in strong contrast to the always clean white of their diaphanous drapery. To a Frenchman sojourning in the United States there may not appear to be any essential differences between an American and an Englishman, who may have moved next door; so there appears no great difference to an American in Cuba between the white Cuban and Span iard. The distinction in the island is : a man of Span ish blood born in Spain is a Spaniard — a man of Spanish blood born in Cuba is a Cuban. And yet, strange to say, Cubans and Spaniards, of one common origin and language, residing in the same cities and neighborhoods, knocking elbows daily at the same coffee-houses, with the same religion, amusements, and customs, thinking and acting much alike, imagine themselves opposites in every particular, and hate each other with a bitterness such as only could exist between a relentless oppressor and his blood-stained, downtrodden victim. With Cuba relieved from her ancient bondage, and the remaining Spaniard in no other role than that of merchant, or prop erty owner, this hatred will gradually die out; but be cause of the sensitiveness of each as to his nationality, the visiting American, who would stand in the good graces of both, should exercise due care not to miscall those he meets. There are some differences between Cuban and Span iard, but they relate chiefly to thought and conduct, not to physical appearance. The Cuban believes in America; the Spaniard does not. No doubt American example 30 CUBA and influence were largely the cause of the last Cuban revolt for freedom; that is to say, because of the island's proximity to our country, thousands of young Cubans were sent here to be educated, and, after drinking deep at the fountain of liberty, and seeing the beneficent re sults of our free institutions, upon returning to Cuba they were dissatisfied, and gave their untiring aid to secure these privileges — ultimate liberation for their own beloved native land. The Spaniard believes in the opposite of what the United States stands for — he be lieves in monarchy, in kings and queens, in the sanctity of public office, high or low. An official is not the serv ant of the people, but their master, according to his station. All the privileges the Spaniard enjoys are con cessions from the government, even that of burying his dead, and he thinks he is blessed with having so liberal a one. He believes in classes : that some are made out of better clay than others, and that the so-called com mon people can be used or destroyed, as they were in the army in Cuba during the revolution by tens of thou sands, through grossest indifference and criminal negli gence, and that it is not a matter for the general public to question. The Cuban has been brought up under Span ish influence and surrounded by Spanish ideas; he be lieves in bull-fights, cock-fights, the inequality of the sexes, and, upon general principles, adheres to the ancient in everything. He believes in the Catholic Church, but, differing from the Spaniard, he believes in freedom of worship. During the last 25 years there have been im portant advances among the ideas of the Cuban, and un der the new regime rapid advancement may be looked for. In matters of business the Spaniard is generally more progressive than the Cuban. The Catalan comes to Cuba Pulaski F. Hyatt. AND ITS RESOURCES. 31 to get rich, which he generally does. Shop-keeping, with all it implies, is his forte, and in order to succeed, he works hard, saves his wash bill and skimps his stomach. The Cuban, on the other hand, was born in a land without the rigorous and biting winters of the North, where idleness becomes second nature ; for there soft-eyed June sits mistress throughout the year, and nature is so prolific that it generally yields the bare necessities of life without work. The Cuban is fond of servants to wait upon him, not unnatural when it is con sidered that slavery existed on the island until 1886, and that wherever the institution of slavery has flourished manual work is looked down upon with contempt. Both Cuban and Spaniard procrastinate, the former more than the latter; neither of them rushes, a characteristic that our successful salesman going to Cuba will always bear in mind. The business man of the island, after a cup of coffee and roll of bread, leisurely goes to his counting- room at 9 in the morning, returns home at 11 for break fast, after eating takes a siesta, and again goes to his office at 1 or 2 o'clock in the afternoon, remaining there until 3 or 4 o'clock. What is not done to-day will be attended to "manana" — to-morrow. The better homes of the Cuban cities are all built of stone and cement in the same style, around a patio, or courtyard, which contains flowers and often a fountain. The houses are generally one story, sometimes two, have great doors and windows without glass, but are shielded by iron bars, so that there is a free circulation of air. Be cause of the vermin that abound in the tropics no carpets are used. For the same reason the furniture has wicker or cane, and not upholstered sides or bottoms. The floors are generally of hard wood or mosaic work. One 32 CUBA noticeable fact within the house is that all the chairs are set in straight rows. This plan to us seems stiff; to a Cuban our plan of having them about in easy fashion would appear untidy. The Cuban is very hospitable. When you visit him he presents you with his home, including servants, horses, and carriages. And while you sojourn under his roof, everything you admire in particular, is specifically presented to you; it would be embarrassing if you should accept any of these things, for the meaning of his politeness is simply that you are cordially welcomed, and that your admiration is greatly appreciated. True hos pitality seldom allows a stranger to depart without being offered a cup of coffee, a glass of wine, or some other refreshment, and, if it is the meal hour, you are invited to remain and eat with the family. While the presenta tions of the host have only been a form of politeness, when he asks you to partake of his hospitality he is all sincerity, and you are expected, if convenient, to accept. As the Cuban is sincere in his proffer of hospitality he believes others are. If you have a party of them in your house at meal time, do not ask them to stay unless you mean it. The Cuban, possessed of any means, always eats his meals in courses, whether it is his midday breakfast, or his dinner at 7 in the evening, if he be alone or with company. His arrangement of a good meal is this: soups selected fish ; certain ; dishes that need to be eaten with the spoon ; meats — roast beef or venison, broiled or stuffed fowls, small wild game, sausage, ham (the Cuban is always very fond of pig), and salads with appropriate vegetables; substantial preparations of flour such as frit ters; after which come pastries, puddings, preserves, ice AND ITS RESOURCES. 33 cream, and heavy liquors, ending with the aromatic coffee and cigars. Wine is served throughout the meal; no one ever drinks to excess. Cuban and Spanish cities as a rule have no good hotels, but the people in their own homes live well. It is natural for the Cuban to be far more polite at all times than the American. He takes the time and pains to be polite. Most Americans are too brusque, too direct, too full of business to attend to many of the little niceties and forms of good manners. The Cuban, whom you may want to cultivate as a matter of business, and whom you have to reach socially, will judge you a great deal by your deportment, and a knowledge of some of these mat ters may be of practical benefit. It is quite customary for gentlemen acquaintances of the better class in Cuba, to tip their hats to each other, or, at least, to touch their hats when passing in the street. If they stop to talk, they usually shake' hands, both upon meeting and parting. Women, if at all friendly, always kiss each other. The Cuban is particu lar to ask about the health of your family even if he has never seen any of them. If he knows your mother or wife, he is apt to start out: "Suplico tenga Vd la bondad de ponerme a los pies de su senora madre, " or "esposa," as the case may be — "I supplicate you to be so good as to place me at the feet of your mother," etc. In conversa tion "tu" — thou — denotes intimacy. "Usted" — you — is used with strangers, or mere acquaintances. It is quite customary for friends to call each other by their first names regardless of sex or age. At a public cafe frequented by the best class it is always proper for gentlemen to rise to their feet when a lady leaves the room ; her escort bows in recognition. It ib 34 CUBA quite customary, too, for gentlemen unattended with ladies, when departing to make a general bow to those remaining in the cafe. Gentlemen at tables with ladies, acknowledge this by rising to their feet. These formali ties are observed among entire strangers. When a fam ily moves into a new community, instead of the neigh bors calling unbidden, as with us, the husband and wife send cards to those they wish to visit them. When a neighbor is sick, care is taken to inquire after the invalid each day. When any one dies it is customary for those in the neighborhood, even if not on intimate terms with family of deceased, not to play the piano for eight days. It is good taste to ask a family before presenting a stranger, if such a presentation would be agreeable. It is not usual to make individual introductions at a social function : your presence is a guarantee of your standing, and you may talk freely with whom you will. At "swell" functions I have seen the hostess receive all guests without rising from her rocker; the ladies arriv ing stooped to kiss her. When the evening was spent, she stood on her feet and kissed the departing ladies on both cheeks, always shaking hands with the gentlemen leaving. Cuba is the land of the balance, or rocking chair, and ordinarily it approaches a slight to offer a straight-backed chair to a stranger. AND ITS RESOURCES. 35 CHAPTER VI. RURAL CUBA. The country home of the wealthy Cuban is a seat of luxurj', refinement, and hospitality. Built around the proverbial patio, it is broad and low, generally of a single story, with a roof of cool tiling — its broad encir cling porch and great rockers offering a refreshing re treat from the hot rays of the sun. The breeze, never dead in Cuba, waves the glimmering palms of the gar den, the ferns, and fragrant flowers, tossing the diamond spray of the fountain quite to one side. Upon going within, one finds that the floors of the house are tessel lated; the chandeliers of the great living rooms glisten with a thousand crystals. Screens of oriental grandeur make cosy nooks. The triangular shaped piano is from the Continent. The great mahogany pieces of furniture shine with rare richness. The dazzling white counter panes of the beds are relieved by the soft tints of an overhanging canopy, whose folds are gracefully draped aside. Close, in the rear of the house, is a line of huts, where the negro servants live. Among them are no George Washingtons, no Abraham Lincolns; they are Jose, Manuel, Maria Angela, and what else? — ebony-hued old "faithfuls," who have been in the family these many years, and who tread noiselessly about the great house 36 CUBA attending to their simple duties, humming some simple Spanish air, happy as a meadow lark upon the break of day, their worldly treasures being mostly in ^naked urchins. The hut of the poor Cuban squats by a winding road, suitable ofttimes only for the passage of a mule, and is in bold contrast with that of the rich Creole. Often it is constructed of a framework of poles lashed together, the sides being covered with bark, and the roofs of thatched straw or palm leaves. Upon the earthen floor the chick ens, ducks, and dogs, as well as the full-teated milch goat, have an equal right with the children. A hen, tame as a lady's lap-dog, comes cackling to the open doorway to announce that she has deposited an egg in the cupboard. The pigeons fly around, even into the hut, where, un harmed, they eat from the pan of the cat, which, hard by, purrs and looks on with squinting eye. The faith ful burro outside, drowsy and with no appearance of being over-fed, puts on no airs as one luxuriating in stable, haystack, or corn-crib. The tall grass by the brook, or the sweet morsels of the dense chaparral, offer an opportunity for him to eke out a subsistence. The man and woman of the hut sit idly by, puffing their long cigars, watching the sunlight, as its last slant ing rays play upon the crest of the neighboring hills. A kind of Rip Van Winkle sleep pervades the place; the brute creation is kind and at peace. The humble folk know little, and care less of the great outside world. They have no pampered tastes, impossible of gratifica tion. They may be indolent, but they are simple and warm-hearted, always willing to [share their frugal meal with a wayfaring stranger — thus I have found them. A Cuban village is a strange medley to an American. AND ITS RESOURCES. 37 Its streets are irregular and dilapidated. The houses range from those of the grand to the low rows of ubiqui tous huts. Many houses of perhaps an intermediate class, are plastered inside, and painted a monotonous brown, red, or yellow. The more pretentious often possess fancy names, which generally appear on a vine-clad archway at the front gate, as "La Concepcion," "La Dolorita," "La Silvan." In some villages the town water-works consist of a barrel on a cart, drawn around by a donkey, the water being sold likely at a cent per gallon ; sometimes it is a small boy who carries water around on the back of his donkey — two five-gallon cans are fastened to a huge sad dle which resembles a wooden horse ; when the boy rides he sits placidly on the rump of the reliable steed. Char coal is used for domestic purposes, and a familiar cry of the village street is c-a-r-b-o-n, as the begrimed vendors go about with their burros loaded with bags, large and small. Here comes cane to be ground in an adjacent mill — there are two carts with high sides, loaded to the top. To the front cart is hitched two bull-teams; a rope passes from the first cart to the pole of the second, to which is hitched a single team. The driver, on foot, goads his lagging animals by a long pole, which has a point of iron at the end. One notices that the natives carry their burdens on their heads, balancing a bucket of water as easily as a bundle of clothes. A wench, so laden, swings along, while wreaths of smoke play about her face as she puffs a five-inch cigar. The campesino, from over the hills, sells oranges, bananas, or mangoes — the large panniers on his donkeys are full of either — two hatfuls for five cents. Then, one catches a glimpse of the country store, with its dirt floor, rows of 38 CUBA canned goods, hams, beans, and rice, where the local habitant loiters to hear the latest scandal or to gossip about politics. Across the way is the village restaurant. Within may be a rickety billiard table, and upon the walls are some chromos of famous bull-fighters, or handsome senoritas, in colors too bright to suit the taste of an American, and by no means doing justice to the originals. The portrait; of a sad-eyed patron saint looks down upon us. There is a common wood floor; the tables are covered with oilcloth and are scrupulously clean. The menu is not elaborate, but the proprietor, who likely waits upon us, is courtesy itself. We order for two : tortillas — in Cuba this means an omelette with peas inside; a plate of ham — no dish stands higher in the estimation of the native; bread — no butter is used; coffee — the Cuban kind, fit for the gods, with two bottles of cool beer. There is no style about anything except the bill — $3.10. In speaking of rural Cuba, one thinks of great fields of ripening tobacco, of coffee groves, whose trees when in bloom are as white as virgin snow ; of banana fields, whose golden fruit bends low and tempting, of the pine apple and orange, never forgetting the great mango trees, a single one of which, it is said, will sometimes bear one thousand bushels of luscious fruit. But sugar cane runs riot over the island; it crowns the hills and scales their precipitous slopes, "reaching its shining arms to the dark woods above, and descending in wide billows to the very lips of the sea. Here it stands, tall as two or three men, straight and upright; there it is fallen and matted — its light, dark, and yellowish green, brown and pearly gray full of motion and flitting shadows." ¦ A Rural Home of the Better Class. AND ITS RESOURCES. 39 A year ago I sat at Vinent alone, among a bewilder ment of mountain peaks. The sound of a whistle from an engine of the Daiquiri Railroad, which could be seen winding through ravines below, echoed and re-echoed along the wild fastnesses, and seemed rudely to startle the shades of ages long past. Eagle-eyed vultures soared majestically in the sunlight far above. At my left was La Gran Piedre, more than a mile high, towered over by only one mountain in Cuba. Beyond could be seen La Magdel- ena Valley, through which flowed a crystal stream, winding now out in the open, falling in pretty cascades over some broken ledge, laughing, to disappear in tangles of fallen brush and clumps of green trees. By its side I noticed the ruins of an old home built quite two centuries ago. Horses and cows browsed among its grass-grown walls, and on the leas beyond. Some of the mountain sides were green, others brown and gold. There were rugged crags, dense forests, and matted jungles. The climbing aroids made a deeper shadow in the forest; the graceful tops of the tree ferns and tall palms reached upward into the sunlight, gleaming in ecstasy of color. The sand-box tree hung with beautiful and explosive pods. Begonias and dainty orchids clung proudly to the palms, letting fall long arms to clutch the air. Far away be tween two great mountain peaks I could see the tur quoise of the sea, whose breakers, dashing on the rocky, ragged beach, sounded, at this distance, like the gentle murmur of music. Thirty years ago, from Vinent eastward to Ramon de las Yaguas, was a magnificent broad road, made of crushed stone, with many rose gardens between the coffee plantations that lined the way. An old French man, named Logar, had a magnificent home on top 40 CUBA of the divide, 16 miles distant, between the sea and Guantanamo, from which lofty height he used to flag the slave ships, with their illicit cargoes from Africa, when they found it convenient to put in along the remote shores of the Bacanao River. The road leading from Vinent to Guantanamo, is so steep that it was necessary for the slave owners to have it built largely of masonry; it has seven horns, and is, therefore, called in Spanish "Sieta Vultas," the turns often being so abrupt that one can almost shake hands from one to the other. The rich plantations that formerly abounded in this region were abandoned during the ten years' revolution, and the rank rapid growth of the tropics soon choked all signs of cultivation. Many of the former palatial homes have been burned; the ruins of others are occupied by some indolent negro families, who have happened along in times since. AND ITS RESOURCES. 41 CHAPTER VII. transportation and communication — railways. There are thirteen railway companies in Cuba, the most important being the United Railroads of Havana; upward of 1,000 miles of main line belong to all these companies, and there are, besides, private branch lines on all the important sugar estates. The United Rail roads pass through the most populous part of the coun try, and connect Havana with other lines. United R. B. of Havana. — Albert De Ximeno, General Manager. Capital stock— $7,000,000. 1. Branch of Guanajay, from Regla to Guanajay, through Rincon and Saludrigas. 2. Branch of Batabano, from Regla to Batabano, branch ing off from Rincon, and going through Bejucal and Pozo Redondo. 3. Branch of Empalme and Madruga, from Madruga to Guines. 4. Branch of Alfonso XII. from Union to Alfonso XII. 5. Branch of Regla, from Regla to Matanzas and Jovel lanos, where it joins with the Cardenas and Jucaro R. R. Line. 6. Branch of Villanueve, from Regla to Guines and La Union, going through Rincon, San Felipe, Melena, Guines, Vegas and Bermeja. 42 CUBA The Western B. B. Co. — James Mallon, General Manager. Capital stock— $3,000,000. The Western Railway was be gun some 40 years ago, and in 1891, when it was acquired by an English company, had reached Puerto de Golpe, 96 miles from Havana and 10 miles from Pinar del Rio, the capital of the province of that name and the center of the tobacco-growing district. The line has been completed to Pinar del Rio, touching Arroyo, Naranjo, Rincon, Alquizar, San Cristobal, Paso Real and Conso- lacion ; improvements have been made in the old part, many of the bridges having been replaced by new steel ones, the rails renewed, modern cars put on, etc. There is no doubt that the extension of the line will be of the greatest importance to the western provinces of Cuba, opening the rich tobacco district of Vuelta Abajo, and bringing into touch some of the finest land, the development of which has been retarded by want of easy communication. Matanzas B. B.—- Capital stock— $5,000,000. From Matanzas to Cumanayagua, through Guanabana, Union, Navajas and Guareiras. Branch of Navajas to Murga, through Torriente and Jaguey Grande. Cardenas and Jucaro B. B. — Capital stock — $8,000,000. Central Line. — From Cardenas to Santa Clara, through Jovellanos, Colon, and Santo Domingo. Branch of Cardenas to Montalvo (Navajas), through Contreras, Cimarrones, Jovellanos and Medina. Branch of Jucaro, from Cardenas to Yaguaramas, through Recreo, Altamisal, Colon, Guareiras, AmariUas and Aguada. AND ITS RESOURCES. 43 Branch of Recreo, from Recreo to Ytabo, through Sabanilla and Hato Nuevo. Branch of Altamisal, from Altamisal, through Bana- guises and San Jose to Macagua. Sagua la Grand B. B.— Capital stock— $3,000,000. From Concha to Las Cruces, through Sagua, Sietecito, Rodrigo, St. Domingo, San Marcos, and Las Lajas. Branch from Sietecito to Camanajuani. Cienfuegos and Santa Clara B. B. — Capital stock — $2,000,000. From Cienfuegos to Santa Clara through Palmira, Cruces, Ranchuelo, Esperanza, and Azotea. Branch from Cienfuegos to Parque Alto, through Pal mira, Arriete, Bafios, and Palmiritos. Branch from Ranchuelo to San Juan. Caibarien United R. i?.— Capital stock— $2,000,000. From Caibarien to Placetas, through Remedios, Jaguay- abon, Camajuani and San Andres. Branch from Caibarien to Placetas, narrow-gauge road through Rojas, Vifias, and Zulueta. Puerto Principe and Nuevitas R. R. — Through Alta- gracia, Minas, Lugarefio, and Buena Vista. Gihara and Holguin B.B. — Capital stock — $500,000. Owned by Cuban capital ; through Cantinplora, Auras, and Aquas-Claras. Tunas and Sancti Spiritus B B. — Through Jucaro, Gua- simal, and Zaza. Guantanamo B. R. — Capital stock— $500,000, managed by English officials. From Guantanamo to Caimanera; 44 CUBA from Guantanamo to Soledad through Cuatro Caminos; from Guantanamo to Jamaica through Cuatro Caminos. i Sabanilla and Marote R. R.— Capital stock— $1,200,000. — From Santiago de Cuba to San Luis, through Cristo. Branch from Cristo to Ponupo mines, through Songo and La Maya. The Marianao Railway belongs to an English com pany, with headquarters in London. The original line, belonging to Cubans, was opened in 1863, but liquidated, and was transferred to the present owners. The line, only 8| miles in length, runs from Havana to Marianao, with a branch line to a small village on the coast. Dur ing 1894 over 750,000 passengers were carried, this being the chief source of revenue. The carriages are of the American type and are fitted, as well as the locomo tives, with the Westinghouse automatic brake; the rails are of steel, weighing 60 pounds per yard. Th9 railroads of the island are not a tithe of what is needed to develop the rich interior, much of which is comparatively unknown and has seldom been visited by civilized man. The rate of speed made by Cuban trains is from 10 to 18 miles an hour. This slow rate is due principally to poor equipment, but in some instances the railroad charter forbids higher rate of speed. No palace or sleeping cars are used. The companies have first-and second-class passenger cars on the same train; rate for former is of ten 7 cents per mile and for latter 4 cents. The first-class cars are creditable, but not ostentatious, and the seats are not upholstered, but have cane bottoms and backs, are clean and adapted to the climate of the country. The second- class are on a par with our American emigrant cars. All AND ITS RESOURCES. 45 cars are smokers, as the average Cuban gentleman seldom stops using the weed except to eat and sleep. But the cars are always open and well ventilated, and the ladies never object to the fumes of the fragrant Havana. Freight rates for 30 or 40 miles have been often about the' same as from New York to Chicago. A large proportion of the traffic between towns and cit ies along the coast is by steamboats. First-class pas senger rates are from 8 to 11 cents a mile, including meals, and freightage is equally high. Cubans, as a rule, only walk as a dernier ressort. In the country districts, horseback riding by both men and women, is the customary way of traveling. The same is largely true in the towns and cities. These people are as much at home on a horse as in a rocking chair. The saddle horses are as sure-footed as a goat, and, with a gait between a gallop and a pace, they move rapidly and gracefully along, carrying the rider in the rural districts from 50 to 75 miles a day, with no food except the rank grass which grows by the wayside. Goods and merchandise are conveyed to the interior largely by pack-mules, or burros, as explained in a later chapter. A horse or mule attached to a cumbersome two-wheeled cart, without side or end boards, is the usual dray of the towns and cities. Heavy hauling is done by oxen, of which from 4 to 20 constitute a team. They are yoked by means of a straight piece of wood placed across the foreheads, and fastened to the horns by a rope, be neath which a pad is placed. To prod these faithful beasts the driver uses a wooden rod, with a bit of pointed steel in the end. A carriage is seldom seen on the country roads. If 46 CUBA you insist that your trip thither shall be on wheels, the Cuban will bring you a volante, the insular carriage, the wheels of which are about 6 feet in diameter. One horse is placed in the shafts, and another, ridden by a postilion, is hitched to the side, much as extra horses are attached to street cars in the cities of our own country. In case of a long and rough journey, a third horse is harnessed on the other side of the shafts, in the same manner. The volante is extremely comfortable to travel in, and the height of the wheels, and their distance apart, prevent all danger of turning over, although the roads in the country are, for the most part, simply tracks through fields and open land, many of them being mere trails, impassable in the rainy season. The riding horses of Cuba are magnificent specimens of the equine family, but those used for other purposes are small, poor, ill- shaped and ungroomed, possessed, however, of marvel ous powers of endurance. Notwithstanding the fact that in the North it is commonly believed corn is heating and unfit for summer horse-feed, nevertheless it is the only grain fed in Cuba. Although the animals are subjected to much hard usage, they seldom sweat. There is an excellent hack service in most of the cities. If one is not fond of picking his way on foot along nar row streets and sidewalks, he may call a carriage, for which he will likely pay about 20 cents one way single fare, 10 cents for each additional passenger, 10 cents for stops, or $1.50 by the hour. I may add that the drivers will not stick a whip under one's nose and yell "coach, coach, sir?" at the top of their voices. The hacks are stationed at convenient intervals, and their drivers have no scruples against charging an un sophisticated traveler extortionate prices. andmany refUS6' to™keany Ketail mercn.^ cuatomer because he buys a reductions m pric^ everything sold is almost large quantity, and th, * ^ n .g g centS; 10 cents, invariably m multiples o.V be< There is nothing 75 cents or $1, as the caseST ^ ^^ as 24 centS) marked up or down to odd figuiC^ 99 cents and the like. ^y^ ^ ghe a fiap6) There is a general custom in the is/^L purchase for his or present, to each servant who makes aV brings a new employer, or, if asked for, to any one wA. depends customer to a store. The value of this jLe4-jmes con- upon the amount of the purchase, and is so. ^^t 0f the siderable; as the amount eventually comes <-\;OUSone: pocket of the purchaser, the custom is a pernio Tj^q va^ first, because in the case of a servant he is alrea^fc- uv for his services, and secondly, it demoralizes hiiTL|„ or teaching him to expect a portion of all the good\ money passing through his hands, and to which he 1 ii no just claim. As a person of any standing is not su_ 7 posed to carry parcels on the street, it is quite commo^Y to take a servant along when shopping to do the portage,, \ AND ITS RESOURCES. 113 As the people of Cuba buy mostly such provisions as are needed for the day only, marketing plays an import ant part in the household management, and an early morning visit to the market place, curious as it is, will not be amiss. It is made up largely of rows of stalls under cover, with likely a dirty fountain here and there. The campesino or farmer, with linen suit and be grimed face, clanking spurs and machete, the negro vender and jostling servants, the portly gentleman of means, and matrons, providing for their homes, with here and there a luscious lounging quadroon, or octoroon, puff ing leisurely on a cigarette, her arms and well-shaped shoulders exposed, present an interesting spectacle. One hears a babel of Spanish, and wanton dogs scamper by hunting for offal and stray scraps. Squatting on the stone pavement are several Syrian women selling cheap gewgaws, three out of five having dirty babies sprawling in their capacious laps. Here is a counter where colored women are wringing the heads of chickens, and cleaning them before your eyes ; you can buy the whole fowl, or any part, from a leg to the liver. Beyond, is a Chinaman selling clams, as small in size as a 25-cent piece. A negro wench, black as night, wearing but one garment and this cut decollette, sits near by selling guava jelly of the most delicious flavor — a piece for 5 cents. Oranges, pineapples, bananas, mangoes, aguacote pears, besides a thousand and one kinds of exquisite tropical fruits that never penetrate the North, and vege tables galore, including the favorite yams and plantains, during ordinary times lie about on all sides in bountiful piles, and can be had at a low price. But the American misses the grapes, cherries, strawberries and peaches, and be is dumfounded at the amount of meat sold; having 114 CUBA been taught that meat produces heat he thinks it appro priate food for the Esquimaux, and an excellent diet for cold weather; he is therefore surprised to find that the comfortably cool Cuban of the tropics eats more meat than he himself ever has, and another life-long theory is upset. Here and there about the pavement lie chickens and ducks, tied in bunches, and panting in the sunlight. Near by is a worn-out torero, or bull fighter, selling churros — a novelty lately imported from Spain. He squeezes yellow dough through a machine, cuts it off in long pieces, which are dropped into boiling lard and done to a brown. After which he sugars and sells them to the open-mouthed youngsters and darkies for "un medio" — 5 cents each. Marketing generally begins at daybreak, and is finished by 10 o'clock. Spanish money has hitherto chiefly been used in the island. Gold coins, upon being exported from Spain to Cuba, were arbitrarily raised 6 per cent, in value. They, with their Cuban values, are : Called in Cuba. The ounce or doubloon Onza $17.00 The half -doubloon Media onza 8.50 The Moneda Moneda 5.30 The quarter doubloon Doubloon 4.25 The eighth doubloon Escudo 2.12^ The silver coins are : The peso $1.00 The medio peso 50 The dos Desetas 40 The peseta 20 The real 10 The silver coins as compared with gold are worth only about their bullion value. During the insurrection the Spanish government forced an issue of about $13,000,- 000 paper money in Cuba, but as the inability of the government to redeem the paper became apparent, it rapidly grew worthless in the hands that held it. AND ITS RESOURCES. 115 CHAPTER XV. I OPPORTUNITIES FOR EMPLOYMENT. The dearth of common day laborers has already been shown. I am not in a position to say how well an American laborer could stand such work as building roads, cutting cane, and mining iron ore in the tropical sun. Some, no doubt, could do it without danger; others could not. While wages in Cuba for common labor are two or three times as high as they are in Mexico and San Domingo, they have been a $1 a day or less in American money. The amount paid is now likely to in crease until the labor market is properly supplied, but it is well, also, to remember that social conditions for work men are not inviting in a land where slavery has been abolished recently. At present, there are not so many openings in Cuba for men without some capital as there will be somewhat later; one should have a modest amount at least, say not below $2,000 to go there now, although, no doubt, there are some who will go there with almost nothing but energy, and yet come out all right. Unless one talks Spanish he is almost at a standstill upon landing in Cuba. It is perhaps an impossibility to get a situation in a store or office unless you talk Spanish. Many foreigners, including Englishmen, Germans and French men, besides our countrymen, have been employed as managers, accountants, chemical experts, bosses and 116 CUBA machinists in the large sugar and tobacco plantations, at the mines and upon the railroads. With the renewal of industry, many choice places will be opened for em ployees of that kind, and the development of the island will call for a number largely increased over the past. American capitalists, about to invade and develop the island, will want American employees whom they can understand and trust, to fill most of the places of special confidence and skill under them, and eventually there will be a large number occupying just those places. A trip to Cuba for a poor man is expensive, and great are the exposures and hardships attendant upon the settle ment and development of a new country, for such the island may be termed from a business standpoint. So that, unless a man has some capital or prospective em ployment assured, I would regard it as venturesome, to say the least, for him, especially if unacquainted with Spanish, to go to the island and trust altogether to "pot luck." The woman who goes to Cuba must, at first, secure employment among American merchants or families that will settle there. In government offices and large business establishments, American women will be en gaged as stenographers, typewriters, and copyists. There will be openings for private secretaries, govern esses, school teachers, and trained nurses. Tradesmen will put saleswomen behind the counters, and in business offices women will be mounted on stools, as bookkeepers or cashiers. There will also be excellent chances for skilled seamstresses, and as boarding-house keepers, and canvassers. AND ITS RESOURCES. 117 CHAPTER XVI. i CLIMATE. At the time of my appointment as United States consul at Santiago de Cuba in June, 1893, many of my friends expressed fears of my ability to stand the climate, while no doubt some hoped that it would prevent them from ever seeing me again. During the intervening years I had a good chance to test the climate, and I can frankly say that under normal living conditions — not such as a soldier has to endure — the climate is so propitious that I would like always to live on the island, reserving the right, as those do in the United States who can afford it, to hunt a cooler place for a few days of the summer months; and it would not be necessary to leave Cuba for this purpose, if there were enough enterprise in the island to build summer resorts among the wild and pic turesque mountains. Anyone whose body is a suffering barometer, and who has lived in this so-called temperate zone, with its raw, rainy, dreary weather, upon occasions continuing for weeks and months at a stretch, and its sudden death- breeding changes of temperature, sometimes amounting to as much as 90 degrees F. within 36 hours, would find life a joy in Cuba. During my residence on the island of four years, there was not an average two days to the year when it rained all day, or when the sun was obscured, and because of their novelty these were welcome days. The 118 CUEA rainy season is from May until October, and the dry season extends from November until April inclusive. Even during the rainy season the sun shines the livelong day, except on an occasional morning or afternoon, when the heavens are suddenly overcastj and it rains for an hour or half-hour, the precipitation being rather copious, equaling about that of a whole day's ordinary rainfall in the United States. The greatest deluge of rain I ever saw in Cuba was in the summer of 1895, when 3| inches of water fell in 20 minutes, but that, of course, was ex ceptional. As soon as the shower is over, and all nature is clean and fresh, the clouds break away, and old Sol comes out smiling, just as though nothing had happened. In the dry season there may be occasional showers, but for this long, usually dry spell, God, in his wisdom, has prepared dews for vegetation. The greatest annual rainfall for Havana is 60 inches, the lowest 30 inches. The average annual rainfall for the island is about 45 inches. Northerners, unaccustomed to the tropics, think that Cuba must be unbearably hot. The truth is, that the scorching days we sometimes have in the cities of the United States during summer, are entirely unknown on the island. Cuban weather is like the best days of our May and June, but moderate, being maintained through out the year. The highest recorded temperature extending over many years since 1801, was 104 degrees F. The mean temperature at Havana for the year is 77 degrees F., for August 88 degrees F., and for December 65 degrees F. Some of the encyclopedias say that hoar frosts some times occur in the interior during the coldest winters. At Firmeza, in the heights of the Sierra Maestra Mountains, AND ITS RESOURCES. 119 a record extending over 13 years, kept by Mr. Charles H. Zeigenfuss, the general manager of the Jurugua Iron Company, shows the lowest point reached to be 54 de grees F., and this, in a country where the variation of each day's temperature is so small and regular that one can almost tell the time of day by the thermometer. I do not believe it possible that the temperature at any time, within the knowledge of man, has fallen 22 degrees be low the point mentioned. This conviction will show the ground upon which it is based by reference to the fol lowing table, giving the temperature of Santiago for the year 1887, an average year. The table was prepared by the captain of the port, and was published in the Bevista de Ciencias Medicas, September 6, 1894, in an article by Doctor Guimera. The figures have been reduced by me from Centigrade to Fahrenheit standard. MONTHS, January February March April May June July August September October November December Maximum. Minimum. Mean. Variation. 79 828485 87 84 78 7478 7376 81 73 75757173 7882 808283 808282 7878 10 4 10 7 14 12 7 15 13 13 1411 By this table it will be seen that the highest tempera ture for the year was 88 degrees, the lowest 69 degrees, the variation in the entire time being only 21 degrees. The maximum temperature for the year 1888 was 91 degrees, the lowest 63 degrees, and the variation of the tempera ture during each of the 12 months averaged only 10 degrees. The above temperatures were taken near the 120 CUBA bay, and are about 3 degrees lower than they would have been if taken up in the city. I personally took the temperature of Santiago for the month of May, 1897, making five observations daily, the results of which I herewith annex : TEMPERATURE FOR MAT, 1897.-SANTIAG0DE CUBA. May 1. May 8. May 15, May 22. May 29. Saturday . Sunday. Monday. , Tuesday . Wednesday. Thursday. Friday. . . . A. M. 7 A. M. 11 P.M. 2 P.M. 6 P.M. 9 A.M. 7 A. M. 11 P.M. 2 P.M. 6 P.M. 9 A.M. 7 A. M. 11 P. M. 2 P. M. 6 P.M. A.A. P.P.P. A. A. M. 7 M. 11 M. 2 M. 6 M. 9 M. 7 M. 11 P. M. 2 P.M. 6 P.M. 9 A. M. 7 A. M. 11 P.M. 2 P. M. 6 P. M. 9 A.M. 7 A. M. 11 P.M. 2 P.M. 6 P.M. 9 R78R78 R82R80 78 R75R82 848280 R77 8485 81 R78 76 8787 83 8784 77 85 80 75 868784 87 8885 7787 7876 85 E78 R75 73 768789 80 7875 889085 84 81 778586 R80 80 7985 84 R77 7477868582 8076 84787887 7978 8784 78 8782 78 7884 8782 797887 88 R78 7878 8379 76 87 84 R78 7778 87 78 78 87 82 R80R82R82 81 848785 81 From which is deduced the following : Average for the month 82.7 degrees Average for 7 o'clock A. M 77.29 degrees Average for 11 o'clock A. M 86.07 degrees Average for 2 o'clock P. M 86.81 degrees Average for 6 o'clock P. M 82.35 degrees Average for 9 o'clock P. M 79.29 degrees It is worth while to mention, in this connection, that AND ITS RESOURCES. 121 there is always a delightful breeze blowing in Cuba, and the houses with their cool roofs of tiling are so built as to permit a free circulation of air, possessing as they do huge porches or galleries, great doors and immense windows, having no glass but being protected by iron bars, so that the heat does not become oppressive at any time and has about the same effect as it would have in the North if levelled down by about 10 degrees. The nights are deliciously refreshing, and for sleeping one or two blankets, as a covering, are necessary throughout the year. Although rural Cuba, for most mankind, because of the ideal climate, may well prove to be the very fountain of health, an American living in a Cuban city prior to the war would have wondered how, with such disgusting and abominable filth on all sides, it was possible for any one to survive. And it is these unnatural conditions, and nothing else, that always kept the death rates of the city so high. Certainly, with our northern climate, if we ignored all the simplest rules of hygiene and sani tation, as these places have ever done, no one could live. Even Havana is not decently sewered, and the other cities of the island visited by me had no pretensions to a system of sewerage. The refuse of the house, dead dogs, cats, chickens, and even dead horses were thrown into the streets to fill the air with fetid odors, to rot, or to be devoured by vultures. But Americans are already changing this, and with the enforcement of cleanliness and common sense rules of sanitation, there is no reason why the cities should not become the most healthy and charming of abodes. 123 CUBA CHAPTER XVII. TROPICAL DISEASES AND MEDICAL ADVICE. BY HENRY S. CAIMANERO, M. D., U. S. Sanitary Inspector of the Marine Hospital Service at Santiago de Cuba. The tropics have always enjoyed among foreigners the erroneous reputation of being unhealthy and dangerous, even for the strolling visit of the tourist. I presume that most Americans before coming down to Cuba on business or pleasure bent, consult their family physician as to what they ought to do or to avoid, to keep their health up to its normal condition. I presume, also, that the perplexed doctor will almost invariably confess his utter inability to advise upon a subject of which he is com pletely ignorant, not from lack of general knowledge, but because he has never given the subject of tropical diseases and their prevention even a momentary thought. It is to fill up this gap that I have, upon request, under taken to write this chapter, without assuming any pre tentions in a literary way, giving some observations re sulting from 25 years practice of medicine in Cuba. Our island in its normal, peaceful condition is about as healthy as any country in the world, with the advan tage that we are free from certain diseases which prevail commonly in the United States, causing great loss of life; and were the laws of hygiene attended to properly, AND ITS RESOURCES. 123 and reasonable regulations of sanitation enforced, no epi demic, I believe, would ever visit us. The fear of yellow fever seems to be the great bugbear of Americans intending to visit us; this fear is ground less to a certain extent. I have known hundreds of foreigners living in Cuba, who have never contracted the disease, and have enjoyed perfect health during their residence among us, especially if varied with flying visits to their mother country. No northerner, however, should unnecessarily expose his person to the possibili ties of contracting this disease, although the type found here is mild, and, under the new regime, we expect to see it entirely extirpated from the island. Malaria, with all its manifestations, is the reigning endemic of the tropics, its most common forms being intermittent and remittent fevers, and typo-malaria. These malarial manifestations often complicate the puer peral condition, wounds, surgical operations — in fact traumatism of every kind. Diarrhoea is also a very common disease, and dysen tery appears to some extent. The former may, if it be comes chronic, prove fatal unless a change of climate is promptly enforced. Ansemia prevails among the female Creoles, owing to sedentary habits and the want of nour ishing food — fruits and vegetables being, for the most part, the usual aliment consumed, to the exclusion of animal and fatty substances. Liver complaints, contrary to the belief and teachings of medical authorities gener ally, are rare, and, excepting cases of cirrhosis from ex cessive abuse of alcoholic stimulants, no cases of liver disease ever come under observation in private or hospi tal practice. Traumatic tetanus was always supposed to exist in the 124 CUBA tropics to an alarming degree, but a closer scrutiny of facts, and clinical research, have demonstrated that tetanus is always the result of infection, a wound or scratch being the open door for the introduction of the microbe. Infantile tetanus is excessively common among the negro population, owing to their way of living, and total disregard for cleanliness. About 15 per cent, die from it. Skin diseases are not infrequently met in the tropics. The continuous action of the sun, combined with a high temperature, act upon the cutaneous surface of the body, stimulating its physiological functions to an excessive degree. These diseases, of course, yield to proper medi cal treatment. Atonic dyspepsia seems to prevail largely, owing to climatic influences; digestion is slow and, as a rule it takes from three to six hours to accomplish it thoroughly. The primary effect of a tropical climate upon a newly arrived individual from the temperate zone is an increased activity of all the physiological functions of the system. Light, heat, and electricity seem to act in concert, pro ducing an increase of all the secretions; the appetite be comes keener, the respiration fuller, and the heart beats with more frequency and force. This condition of the foreigner lasts a greater or less time, until he is accli mated, and his system accommodated to the general climatic laws, that govern the native inhabitant of the tropics. Before a northerner is acclimated he sometimes has the calentura-malaria, for which quinine is the specific. There are certain precautions a foreigner must observe while residing in the tropics. He should wear light linen outer clothing, and thin undergarments; he should AND ITS RESOURCES. 125 bathe frequently. He must not, at first, expose himself too much to the sun — overheating might bring on "tar- bardillo" (sunstroke) particularly if the individual is of plethoric constitution. Too much exposure to night air in the lowlands is apt to cause malaria. The excessive abuse of alcoholic stimulants will produce deplorable results. The continuous passage of the poisonous alcohol through the liver, already excited to increased activity by climatic conditions, will certainly produce bilious ness, if not an acute congestion and inflammation of the gland. Dysentery and diarrhoea can usually be avoided with a little care. The bowels should be made to move regularly, and purges, if necessary, should be taken. The newcomer to Cuba finds such an abundance of most exquisite fruits, that he is apt to gorge himself with them and thus bring on intestinal disorder. Fruits should be eaten in moderation until the system is used to the new order of things. No water should be used for drinking purposes unless filtered or boiled. CUBA AS A WINTER RESORT. In conclusion, I would call the attention of Americans seeking for health or recreation, to the advantages of the island, as a winter resort. The province of Santiago de Cuba, especially, deserves more than a passing notice, as a winter resort for in valids. Traversed by high mountain chains, with a mild and delicious temperature, and perfectly pure air free from microbes of any kind, where tuberculosis is almost an impossibility, with hot and cold mineral springs and abundant opportunities for recreation, I know of no region offering superior advantages. The great flow of 126 CUBA FEOM BELGIUM. American tourists to Nassau and Florida would find vast inducements to visit this wonderful land, where nature seems to have lavished her richest gifts, and the moun tain scenery is unsurpassed by that of Switerland ; here, indeed, the invigorating oxygen offers to consumptives a great relief, and in cases, not too far advanced, a per manent cure. There are spots in these mountains where the foot of man has never trod, where no sound ever disturbs the tranquility of the fragrant air, save the tuneful songs of the nightingale and mocking bird, or the swift tread of a strayed deer, eager for a draught from some limpid stream. But to turn these wild solitudes into habitable resorts, American capital and energy are needed ; roads would have to be built, houses erected, sanitariums established, in fact, everything would have to be done as if the land had just been discovered and was to be settled. Medi cinal waters flow in great abundance in the mountainous regions. The renowned watering-places of San Diego, Madruga, Santa Fe and San Miguel have been recom mended by leading hygienists, and, were their proper ties better known, they would yield great returns to } those who might be disposed to develop them. I can predict a wonderful success for the enterprising individ uals who, with due care to details, will make a winter resort among the lofty mountains of Cuba, where the healthy can enjoy themselves and the sick gain a new lease of life. A Notion Stoee in Cuba. AND ITS RESOURCES. 127 CHAPTER XVHI. FOE the SPOETSMAN. Cuba is a paradise for the sportsman, as wild game and fish of all kinds abound in endless variety and abundance. Parties of gentlemen on horseback, with their pack of hounds, hunt the fleet-footed deer. When they arrive in a locality which the game frequent, the hunters, as with us, station themselves in the paths where the deer are likely to pass, and the dogs are turned loose. It is a common thing for a small party to kill eight or ten deer in a day. When night falls, and the men are through with the chase, surrounded by their trophies of the day's sport, they spend the evening with pipes and tales at the camp fire,later they swing their hammocks from the neigh boring boughs, and free from care and troubles and amidst the moonlight and shadows, and scent of luxuriant flowers, they sleep that sleep which gives health and life. The wild boar is plentiful, and sometimes, if cornered, dangerous, especially the old master of a herd, called "un solitario," which will tear a dog to pieces, or make a green hunter climb a tree ; but a Cuban easily kills him with a machete. The boar sometimes weighs 200 or 300 pounds, and has huge tusks, 5 or 6 inches in length, which, it is said, he sharpens against the trees of the forests. The meat of the female is muoh relished by the 128 CUBA natives. Wild dogs and cats, wild horses, cattle and jackasses abound. Curious modifications of felines and canines inhabit the woods. The animals have sprung from dogs and eats in the domestic state, and differ from them only in their size and habits. Some of the intelligence of civilization seems to remain in them. The only wild animal peculiar to Cuba, is the jutia, or hutia. It is rat-shaped, black, and small. It lives in the hollows of trees, like our squir rel, and eats leaves and fruit. Its flesh is very tooth some to the Cuban. Fowls are in great numbers. Wild guineas hens and turkeys are found in flocks of from 25 to 100. The whistle of the quail, and the flutter of the pheasant and perdiz, are heard on all sides in the rural and mountain regions. Ducks in abundance, come over from Florida in the winter, and return with the spring. Wild pigeons, with their white tops and bodies of blue, larger some what than the domestic bird, come to the coast in May or June, and offer, in hunting, the greatest sport to gentle men, who will be restrained within reason. In the early mornings, the pigeons generally go to feed on the mangle berries when ripe, which grow by the sea, or near some swampy place. I have known of a party of three persons to kill 1, 500 of the pigeons within a few hours. Robiches, tojosas, and guanaros are found in the thick woods. Mocking and bluebirds, orioles, turpials, negritos, parrots, and a thousand kinds of songsters and birds of brilliant plumage, flit from tree to tree. The interior of the island abounds in many kinds of birds; crows for instance, that never come to the coasts. The waters about Cuba, at night strangely phosphor- scent, are marvelous in their transparency. Objects can AND ITS RESOURCES. 129 be see at a depth of 80 or 90 feet, and the endless variety of botanical and animal life in the depths afford endless pleasure for those who love the realm of nature's mysteri ous lore. Brown lichen, great white coral trees, kelp and numberless shells, with fish, whose bright colors emulating the tints of precious stones and the hues of the rainbow, darting hither and thither, combine to form a most enchanting aquarium of nature. The naturalist, Poey, says there are 641 distinct species of fish in the Cuban waters. Among those that delight the sportsman are the red snapper, lista, manta, gallego, cubera, surela, and gar fish. The sierra, which weighs from 40 to 60 pounds, is extremely game, as is the ronco, so-called because it snores when brought out of the water. For heavy sport, fishing for sharks, which are good for nothing, or the guasa, which weighs from 400 to 600 pounds and is excellent eating, offer abundant exercise. Here is the favorite haunt of the yellow-tail or white salmon, which flashes in the crystal waters like a bar of silver, and in its spirited gyrations at the end of a line puts the most skillful fisherman on his mettle. It is a daily occurrence to see schools of fish, numbering from hundreds to many thousands, each fish weighing from 1 to 4 pounds, swimming around the bays and harbors waiting for a bait. The rivers and creeks also abound in fish, among which the joturo, biaja, and anguila are favorites. Certainly any American who loves the good old pastime, to which Sir Isaac Walton was devoted, can find his fondest dreams more than realized in Cuba. Lobsters without claws, called langastas, weighing from 2 to 8 pounds, are caught at night in shallow places along the beach, by means of torch, harpoon, and 130 CUBA net. Crabs are very numerous. One of the most edible — congrejo morro — is found among the rocks along the shore. Oysters, diminutive in size, but superlative in flavor, fasten themselves to the submerged boughs and roots of trees, which grow by the salt water. Little clams, called almejas, are taken from the sand. The iguana, cayman, and crocodile are common. A huge variety of crocodile, called cayman, has a colony of his own on the Isle of Pines. Turtles are found in large numbers in shallows and reefs, and on sandy beaches. AND ITS RESOURCES. 131 CHAPTER XIX. CUEIOUS ANIMAL LIFE. Ants are one of the most troublesome insects in Cuba. So numerous they are, that the legs of the table and the sideboard, have to be set in saucers of water to keep them out of the victuals. The vivijagua is a large black ant and, like the duck, marches in procession, but usually at night. It devours the foliage of trees, and builds large ant hills. The comegen is a translucent, soft-looking, large, red ant. Its home is built in the trees, and looks something like a hornet's nest. It some times eats posts and furniture from the inside, and one does not know what has been going on, until the wood crumbles. Another kind of ant is called ormiga brava, brave ant, because it stings. Scorpions, though not so dangerous as the European variety, exist, as do tarantu las, big hairy spiders, that dig holes in the ground for their homes. The chigoe, or "jigger," deals swift retri bution to an offender. Its method of attack is to burrow under the toenail of him that goes barefooted, and, unless removed, builds its nest there, causing inflamma tion, and needing to be cut out. Snakes are not numerous, and none are said to be venomous. The largest is called la maja; it has a bright- colored red, brown, and yellow skin, grows from 8 to 15 feet long, and from 3 to 5 inches in diameter. It looks 132 CUBA formidable enough to put a regiment to flight, but that is only a bluff ; it lives on rats, jutias, birds, chickens, and lies torpid much of the time. The jubo, which is 3 or 4 feet long, lives on mice and birds. One snake, the culebra amarilla, so-called, because of its bright yel low skin, is about as large as the jubo, and spends most of its time sleeping, just the opposite of the dark blue and gray colored magdalena, noteworthy for its activity and speed in getting away from a big intruder. Another curious phenomenon of Cuban animal life is the procession of land crabs that cross the island. They travel from north to south every spring when the rains commence, and are as regular an institution as the wet weather itself. The matter of lights is a small item of expense to the poor Cuban, for in the phophorescent fly nature provides him a lamp free. He puts 15 or 20 of them in a calabash pierced with holes. This fly, the cucullo, about the size of our roach, is perfectly black. Its two illuminators are on the head, and give forth so much light that one can see by it to read a letter. Fashionable ladies wear the brilliant flies in their hair, and some times the belles use them, covered with a gauzy material, for living belts. One little girl remarked, with much solemnity, after ex amining a cucullo 's legs, that God made it with hooks to fasten on little girls' dresses. The Cubans call the flies "serenos de los bichos" — watchmen of the insects. There are said to be 300 varieties of butterflies in Cuba, and they are of the most magnificent colors imaginable. The night millers are in every color and tint possible, and sometimes measure over 4 inches from tip to tip. Among the great quantities of birds is the turkey-buz zard, protected by law, and the only bird of prey. He AND ITS RESOURCES. 133 is the scavenger that carries away all waste material. Guineas, turkeys, peacocks, chickens, and pigeons are the most familiar domestic fowls; goats, sheep, pigs, mules, and horses are commonly used. A writer says: "The Cuban horses are almost a race by themselves. They are very gentle, they never kick nor bite, nor play any unseemly tricks on their riders. In some parts of the island horses receive as much con sideration as a member of the family. They are not tied or confined, but they wander about the dooryard, put their heads into the kitchen windows to exchange the time of day, and even on occasion have the privilege of entering the house. The sight of humans and equines , on terms of such easy familiarity makes one wonder if the days of Gulliver and his horse country have come again." 134 CUBA CHAPTER XX. ANNEXATION. Events for the past few months have crowded upon each other so closely that problems we once thought very remote, have now come nigh at hand. Among them is the question, what are we going to do with Cuba, now that the war is over and the Spanish power overthrown in the island? We cannot put off the solu tion nor can we shift it upon other shoulders. We must decide. To be sure we proclaimed to the world that this was a war in the interest of humanity and civilization, and not a war for conquest. We must live up to our solemn and public declaration or else be branded with the mark of deception — our word no longer to be taken seriously in the family of nations. But during the progress of events it often happens that circumstances arise which change the entire method of procedure and the aim to be accomplished, the result being, that all parties con cerned agree upon a new method and a new aim, not dreamed of in the beginning. Our declaration was that we wanted to do something for humanity and civilization, and we thought then that our aim could best be accom plished by helping to free Cuba from Spain. If, now, it will be admitted by all parties interested, after a full and John T. Hyatt. AND ITS RESOURCES. 135 fair expression of opinion, that our aim can be accom plished better, more fully, more certainly by annexation than by permitting the mere independence of Cuba, then we are justified or rather bound to annex the island in due form of law. That we are so justified and bound the present writer firmly believes. Let it be understood that the transference of the island in any way, or under any pretext, to any European nation is out of the question. Not a handful of all our people would submit to this proposition for an instant. Hence, there are but two alternatives, the Cubans must govern themselves, or we must annex the island, trusting the future to develop the plan by which its people are to become one with us. With free Cuba there would be a constant problem be fore us, concerning the warring factions that might then run riot. Cubans, Spaniards, whites, and negroes with out the strong hand of a restraining government might quarrel and fight among themselves, to the great damage of the material interests of American citizens, and to the constant annoyance of our government. And we firmly believe that a great majority of all in Cuba, who are really qualified to speak, favor annexation. The Span iards certainly do, now that they may no longer rule — their lives and prosperity they know would be safe in our hands; they would not be sure of them were Cuban politicians to rule. And we are persuaded that intelli gent, thoughtful Cubans, who are anxious for a success ful career in business or in the professions, would prefer to be with us, since to live with us, under our laws, and to do business with us and in our ways, have been for a long time the aim of their lives. Only the politicians who are fishing for office, and perhaps the 136 CUBA ignorant classes who have no interests at stake, might prefer to remain independent. What good things could any Cuban get under the doubtful experiment of "home rule" that he would not be assured of under the protec tion and direction of our government? Cuba's strategical position is, however, a great point in favor of our contention. Lying close to our shores, it guards the Gulf of Mexico, controls the Caribbean Sea, and seems to be the natural center around which the West Indies should revolve and would revolve were con ditions favorable. We need Cuba as a help in number less ways to our commerce in time of peace. We need her so that we shall never be drawn into war again on her account. Should a canal ever be built across the Isthmus of Panama — and since the late war the necessity for such a canal is universally admitted — from a naval standpoint, Cuba would almost be a necessity to us. We need her for her harbors, and as a safe base of supplies in time of war. Let us take counsel of history. "Consider the Bahamas, which lie but a few hours by steam from our coast. These islands are owned by Eng land, and that fact has cost us an immense loss of blood and treasure. Had the Bahamas belonged to us, as they should, during the sixties, they would not have served as a place of refuge for Confederate cruisers and a head quarters of the blockade runners." The English port of Nassau was worth an army in the field to the Confederates. The English industry of help ing the South to disrupt the Union was enormously prof itable. How extensive it proved at the principal port of these American islands Stark, in his "History of the Bahamas," tells us. The imports of Nassau in 1860 AND ITS RESOURCES. 137 were in value only 234,029 pounds, and its exports 157,- 350 pounds. That represented the normal commerce of the place. But in 1864, when blockade running was at its height, the imports of Nassau sprang from the beg garly 234,029 pounds to 5,346,112 pounds, and the 157,- 350 pounds of exports to 4,672,398 pounds. Between December, 1861, and the close of the war, no fewer than 397 vessels entered Nassau from Confederate ports, and 588 sailed thence to run our blockade with cargoes for the Confederates. And here is how the English community inhabiting this capital of an American island flourished while our republic was battling for its life : "Every one was wild with excitement during these years of the war. The shops were packed to the ceiling, the streets were crowded with bales, boxes, and barrels. Fortunes were made in a few weeks or months. Money was scattered in the most extravagant manner. The town actually swarmed with Southern refugees, captains and crews of blockade runners. Every available space in and out of doors was occupied. Money was plenty, and sailors sometimes landed with $1,500 in specie. Wages were doubled, liquors flowed freely, and the com mon laborer had his champagne and rich food. Not since the days of the buccaneers and pirates had there been such times in the Bahamas. "Should it be our fortune to engage in war with any other power than England, Nassau would be again a neutral port, and therefore a base of supplies; a safe resting place for the ships of our enemy. Should we per mit these islands, as much a part of North America as the doorstep is part of a house, to remain in foreign posses sion?" 138 CUBA And we need Cuba for self-preservation, from the sani tary point of view. Everybody knows what an awful scourge yellow fever has been to us, especially in our Southern ports. The plague has been traced to Cuba almost every time it has appeared among us. Bad sani tary conditions, filth of all kinds, utter disregard for all regulations that conduce to public health — these have remained for hundreds of years and will continue unless we take hold, and clean up, as we have already begun to do, and, then, keep the island clean. When we shall have accomplished the task of cleaning out this Augean stable, Cuba will be a true garden spot, and the dan ger of importing yellow fever to our country will be largely removed. Of what use is it to be so careful at home if we are going to permit a breeding place for contagion to exist forever just over our borders? We need to annex Cuba, because of the great im petus it would give to all kinds of industries and business among us. Without capital, the impoverished island will very slowly recover. After annexation, American capital would flow there. This would mean greater wealth for our countrymen made by them in that land; it would relieve the congested labor market of our country, for workmen would go to Cuba, attracted by new enterprises springing up there — it is a fact that in Porto Rico since we have taken charge, workmen at very fair wages are in demand, and the demand is only beginning; it would increase the population of Cuba both native and foreign — that, because of their increased prosperity, would require more of our manufactured goods, and it would increase our shipping interests, since as Cuban ports would be American ports, and as commerce between American ports must be carried AND ITS RESOURCES. 139 in American vessels, our shipping industry in all its branches would increase at a rapid rate. Moreover, were we to hold Cuba, our political and commercial influence would be vastly increased over Central and South America, portions of the globe for which a great future is waiting. Still more : Porto Rico has already come to us, in consequence of which immigration and capital have begun to flow there freely. As Porto Rico is now American, her products will be admitted free to our country. She produces many things in competition with Cuba. How, then, can Cuba develop her resources, how can she even hold her own for the American market, unless she is placed on a level with Porto Rico, commer cially as well as in other ways? The onb' other remedy is reciprocity, to which, under the circumstances, there are grave objections. We have been purchasing from Cuba nine-tenths of all she produced, because she supplied what we needed most of all. But because of the state of affairs that obtained, she purchased largely from Con tinental Europe, we paying our balance in hard cash. Annexation would break up this practice, ruinous to us, and as we are her best customer by far, it would be only right that we should share the advantage. Nor need the dissimilarity between us in customs, laws, and habits, be an insuperable objection to annexation. After it took place, through the influx of capital and Americans, by increased business with us, and, in a thousand ways, they would soon learn our habits, we would learn theirs, the result being a compromise such as has often taken place in the world's history to the great advantage of both parties. Nor is annexation contrary to either the spirit of our institutions or the traditions of the fathers. Our great statesmen of the past thoroughly appreciated Cuba, and 140 CUBA its value to us; none more so than the immortal Jefferson, who enthusiastically favored expansion. He said: "Her addition to our Confederacy would round out our power as a nation to the point of its utmost limit." John Quincy Adams, Secretary of State under President Monroe, and afterward himself president, said that Cuba had an importance in the sum of our national interests, with which that of no other foreign territory compared, and little inferior to that which bound the various members of the Union together. In 1848, Presi dent Polk directed the American Minister at Madrid to offer $100,000,000 for the island. In 1884 the "Ostend Manifesto," was issued, signed by Buchanan, Mason, and Soule, our ministers to Great Britain, France, and Spain, respectively, notifying the whole world that the United States had a right to annex Cuba if Spain refused to sell the island to us. Every one of these men, with the ex ception of Adams, belonged to the party of strict con struction of the constitution, and if they, who would naturally be opposed to straining the provisions of the constitution, saw nothing illegal, but everything politic in the annexation of Cuba, surely we would be dead to our own interests, as well as to the call of duty, were we to refuse the "open door" to this magnificent applicant who is knocking for admission. AND ITS RESOURCES. 141 CHAPTER XXI. LANGUAGE. There are many polyglots in Cuba. Persons who speak three languages are common, and it is not unusual to meet with those who speak five or six. The principal language spoken on the island is Spanish; but on ac count of the intimate commercial relations with, and the near proximity to, our country, the English lan guage is rapidly gaining headway. Almost every large commercial house has English-speaking persons in its employ. Until now French has been the language with which different people have met, and a practical knowl edge of that language is very valuable. The Spanish is an easy language to learn, and if one applies himself as siduously in a place where little else is spoken he can soon acquire great familiarity with it. There are innumera ble books of conversation published in this country, and it were well for one intending to go to Cuba to acquaint himself with one of them — a task he can readily accom plish without the help of another. Still, one need not be deterred from going to Cuba because he speaks Eng lish only, since he will find many foreigners who can speak English. Its use is growing rapidly, and with our coming powerful influence there it will soon become the common meeting-ground. Thousands have already suc ceeded there who knew only the English language. 142 CUBA SPANISH WOEDS AND PHEASES. The following are the most important phrases in Span ish for a traveler going to Cuba. By memorizing them while on the journey he will find it much easier to get along after arriving upon the island. Where is the baggage? Donde esta el equipaje? That is my baggage. Ese es mi equipaje. Will you take care of this baggage? Quiere Usted hacerse cargo de este equipaje? Check my baggage for — . Marque Usted mi equi paje para — . Send my baggage to — . Remita Usted mi equipaje a — . I want a room. Quiero un cuarto. A good room. Un buen cuarto. I will take this room. Tomare este cuarto. A bedroom. Un comedor. A sitting room. Una entre sala. A bath room. Un curto de bafios. A large room. Un cuarto grande. A small room. Un cuarto pequefio. Where is the barber shop? Donde esta la barbieria? I wish to take a bath. Deseo tomar un bano. What have you for breakfast? Que tiene usted para almorzar? Is breakfast ready? Esta listo el almuerzo? Is dinner ready? Esta lista la conida? Breakfast is ready. El almuerzo esta listo. Dinner is ready. La comida esta listo. What have you for dinner? Que tiene usted para la comida? What do you charge for dinner? Cuanto pide usted por la comida? $m \ _¦ ¦ Wtm- > A Cafe in Havana. AND ITS RESOURCES. 143 Bring me pen and ink. Tragame usted pluma y tinta. Paper. Papel. Newspaper. Periodico. Chocolate. Chocolate. More than one. Mas que uno. Where is the toilet room? Donde esta el escusado? Good brandy. Bien aguardiente. A cup of coffee. Una taza de cafe. A cigar. Un tobacco. Can you direct me to my hotel ? Puede usted diri- girme a mi hotel? The railroad station. La estacion del ferrocarril. Drive me to — . Lleveme usted a — . Tell the coachman to stop. Diga usted al cochero que pare. How much is the drive? Cuanto cuesta la conduccion? I want some postage stamps. Quiero algunos sellos de cartas. Where is the steamer for — ? Donde esta el vapor para — ? When does the steamer start for — ? Cuando sale el vapor para — ? Where can I wash my hands? Donde puedo lavarme las manos? I want some clothes washed. Quiero que se me lave alguna ropa? Shirt. Camisa. Collar. Cuello. Cuffs. Pufios. Chemise. Camison. Socks. Calcetines. Drawers. Calzoncillos. Handkerchief. Panuelo. 144 CUBA Pantaloons. Pantalones. Night shirt. Una camisa de dormir. Stockings. Medias. When shall we have supper? Cuando cenaremos? I want my supper soon as possible. Quiero mi cena tan pronto como sea posible. Be good enough to give me — . Hagame el favor de darme — . Give me — . Deme usted — ¦. Bring me — . Traigame usted — . I will take — . Tomare — . What have you? Que tiene usted? Fresh eggs. Huevos frescos. Poached eggs. Huevos revultos. Soft boiled eggs. Huevos pasados por agua. Hard boiled eggs. Huevos cocidos. Soup. Sopa. Fish. Pes. Beefsteak. Salcochada. Ham. Jamon. Lamb. Cordero. Roast beef. Asado. Veal. Ternera. Bacon. Tocino. | Boiled beef. Vaca Cocid? Fowl. Ave. Vegetables. Legumbres. Potatoes. Papas. Pie. Pastel. Cake. Bollo. Cheese. Queso. Beans. Habas. Cabbage. Repollo. AND ITS RESOURCES. 145 Green peas. Chicaros verdes. Lettuce. Lechuga. Turnips. Nabos, Oranges. Naranjas. Melons. Melones. Pineapples. Pifias. Bananas. Platanos. FIGURES. 1— Uno. 21 — Veinte y uno. 2— Dos. 22 — Veinte y dos. 3— Tres. 30— Treinta. 4 — Cuatro. 31 — Treinta y uno. 5 — Cinco. 40 — Quarenta. 6 — Seis. 41 — Quarenta y uno. 7— Siete. 50— Cincuenta. 8— Ocho. 60 — Sesenta. 9 — Nueve. 70— Setenta. 10— Diez. 80— Ochenta. 11— Once. 90 — Noventa. 12— Doce. 100 — Ciento-and cien. 13— Trece. 101 — Ciento y uno. 14 — Catorce. 110 — Ciento y diez. 15 — Quince. 200— Dos Cientos. 16 — Diez y seis. 1,000— Mil. 17 — Diez y siete. 2,000— Dos Mil. 18 — Diez y ocho. 3,000— Tres Mil. 19 — Diez y nueve. 100,000— Cien Mil. 20— Veinte. 1,000,000— Un Million. Monday — El Lunes. Friday— El Viernes. Tuesday— El Martes. Saturday — El Sabido. Wednesday — El Miercoles. Sunday — El Domingo, Thursday — El Juevos. 146 CUBA I do not speak Spanish well. No hablo bien el espanol. I speak English. Hablo ingles? Do you speak English? Habia usted ingles. I wish to send a telegram. Quiero enviar una tele grama. Thanks. Gracias, or mil gracias. Where is the ticket office? Donde esta la oficina de boletas? I wish a ticket for — . Deseo una boleta para — . When is the next train for — ? Quando es el proximo tren para — ? This is my trunk. Esto es mi baul. Check my trunk for — . Marque usted mi baul para — . Are there letters for — ? Hay cartas para — ? Please forward my letters to — . Sirvase usted enviar mis cartas a — . Send this letter to the post office. Mande usted esta carta al correo. Has the mail arrived? Ha llegado el correo? Good morning. Buenos dias. Good afternoon. Buenos tardes. How do you do? Como lo pasa usted? Very well. Muy bien. I am glad to hear it. Me alegro mucho oirlo. Are you hungry ? Tiene usted hambre? No sir. No sefior. Tes sir. Si senor. Are you thirsty? Tiene usted sed ? What do you want to drink? Que quiere usted beber? Water. Agua. Ice water. Agua con hielo. Milk. Leche. AND ITS RESOURCES. 147 Beer. Cerveza. Wine. Vino. The following simple rules will enable one to acquire readily the pronounciation of Spanish words : VOWELS. Pronounce a as ah; e as a in ale; i as e in eve; o as o in note; u as oo in ooze ; y as e in eve. CONSONANTS. Pronounce same as in English except c before a, o, u, or a consonant has sound of k. Before e and i, the sound of th in thanks; as, cama (kama), bed, gracia (grathia), grace. ch — sound of ch in chess. g before a, o, u, or a consonant, has the sound of g in good ; before e and i sound like h as in hope or hot ; as gigante — higante, giant. general — heneral, general. h is always silent in Spanish. j has sound of hi as jacobo — hacobo; jinete — hinete, horseman. q has sound of k, the following u remaining silent. z has sound of th in thanks. CABA AND ITS RESOURCES. 149 CHAPTER XXII. COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES WITH CUBA. Exports. Imports. Free. Dutiable. Total. 1881 10,999,27611,775,07314,567,91810,562,880 8,719,195 10,020,879 10,138,930 9,724,124 11,297,19812,669,509 519,390656,042785,829 1,484,6381,786,049 1,765,751 2,033,205 2,066,3792,405,4252,761,711 62,484,014 69,794,61064,758,70555,696,859 40,520,044 49,345,029 47,482,229 47,252,708 49,725,19851,039,880 63,003,404 70,450,652 1883 65,544,534 1884 57,181,497 42,306,093 51,110,780 49,515,434 49,319,087 52,130,623 63,801,591 Total, 10 years 110,474,982 16,264,419 538,099,276 554,363,655 1891 11,929,60517,622,411 23,604,094 19,855,23712,533,260 7,312,348 7,599,757 26,044,502 66,140,835 66,049,369 67,418,289 17,684,765 2,074,763 1,270,059 35,669,893 11,790,83612,657,137 8,259,972 35,186,494 37,942,96717,136,756 61,714,395 1892 77,931,671 1893 78,706,506 75,678,261 1895 52,871,259 1896 40,017,730 1897 18,406,815 Total, 7 years. 100,456,712 246,682,582 158,644,055 405,326,637 IMPORTS FROM CUBA. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. FREE OF DUTY. Asphalt«m 133ta. Chemicals, drugs& dyes. dolls. Fruits, including nuts: Bananas dolls. Cocoanuts dolls. All other dolls. Hides and skins, other than fur skins dolls. Sugar and molasses: Molasses -j |aJJ^- SuSar UboV Textile grasses: Sisal j tons. grass idolls. Wood, unmanufactured, .dolls. All other free articles dolls. Total free of duty, .dolls. DUTIABLE. Fruits, including nuts dolls. ta»°» idX: Spirits distilled. . . . ] §£iif alls' Sugar and molasses: Molasses ||a{>|; Suear "IdoUs. !,627 1.770 4,065,931 34,065 369,617 1,070,764 226,912321,791354,683 a 13.920,205 a 1,428,970 0658,502,905 a 21,453,546 a 490 a 43,090 576,953164,111 10,102,400 29,208 272,529 1,535,951 98,464 487,616274,510 17,955,368 1,803,847 1.983,534,089 60,838,552 825 108,313525,160166,676 6,184,640 25,992 377,269 1,641,387 147,394559,019 279,153 11,861,618 1,081,034 1,843,651,095 60,637,631 18 2,314 1,071,123 227,053 4,307,520 10,724 135,920 1,277,406 91,459 533,571132,221 15,893,570 1,148,412 9,127,497,454 63,147,485 516 48,535 681,270211,286 2,761,711 26,044,502 ; 140,8 6,049,8 67,418,289 46,261 287,322666,417 15,18218,568 24,918,292 8,679,076 1,041,075,621 35,420,594 80,299 326,043847,250 19,30381,283 6 3,051,623 6 361,294 6772,063,570 6 23,585,967 60,981 265,983 679,626 36,07727,803 (6) (6) 6 5,338 6 213 41,723 413,999 641,943 7,245 19,419 18,104 150,964 199,818 3,2788,799 (6)(&) 6 4,865 6 260 1,594.880 15,440 81,424 826,615a 2,428 35,009 77,484 2,326,923 136,636 563,170,762 15,572,450 19 2,260 640,774 294,245 17,684,765 610. 6 61,282. 6 24, 243,771235,629294,908 4,009 9,081 029,816 635,681 ,591,861 527,730 952,000 7,1 32,312 (a) 11,568 184,281 182,126 15,365 (a) (a) 442 581,349 361,953 2,074,763 237,561427,987521,810 3,478 7,493 1,528,035 113,109 ,093,171,312 24,102,835 4,1805,273 147,133 to) 7,289 692,122 (a) Xa) 167 11 63,670 350,881 1,270,059 171,436392,048 475,281 3,2708,295 79,054 5,437 T90,173 11:982,473 577, oa > IMPORTS FROM CUBA.— Continued. ARTICLES. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. Tobacco: - ^ I'dSl, All other dutiable articl's.dolls. 16,916,695 7,106,233 3,982,007 39,049 181,675 16,092,108 7,141,465 3,343,139 187,645 191,551 18,432,323 7,997,0152,805,675 62,639 156,884 21,694,881 8,940.0582,787,030 67,042 159,922 14,578,248 5,828,9642,052,504 46,028 104,895 20,175,620 7,271,7942,040,186 46,435 116,908 26,771,317 10,613,468 2,093,884 40,265 213,042 4,410,073 2,306,087 1,971,214 16,696 199,857 51,039,880 35,669,893 11,790,836 12,657,139 8,259,972 35,186,494 37,942,967 17,136,756 53.801,591 61,714,395 77,931,671 78,706,506 75,678,261 52,871,259 40,017,730 18,406,815 Gold 907,255 283,220 2,915,259 154,391 1,803,410 494,707 1,024,950 199,003 7,305,375 38,146 8,550,756 39,348 5,188.132 12,541 4,454,032 67,652 EXPORTS TO CUBA. ASTICLES. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER PRODUCTS. 12,820 42,631 25,513 29,411 42,508 24,163 121,881 433,089 Breadshiffs: Bread and biscuit. . -j JJjjjg ^ {Ssffi: Com meal \ J"- ; o-ts {Ssffi: 362,820 24,195 594,542258,775 6,398 19,11652,22917,198 261,853 17,930 367,324 220,187 856 2,909 21,837 10,598 346,415 23,451 627,177369,131 1,2344,543 58,191 25,286 468,613 31,650 1,041,474 582,050 1,225 4,001 59,615 24,202 582,232 34,596 1,136,657 571,326 2,0166,293 74,73529,856 266,868 17,719 392,204 216,602 352 1,074 44,807 17,655 183,358 11,941 199.193 93,201 629 1,7437,732 2,321 184,400 9,992 689,845 247,905 1,9123,741 30,996 8,565 >o I— I H taMo o M in EXPORTS TO CUBA.— Continued. ARTICLES. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER products. — Continued. Wheat flour -jdolfs. 255,820 1,164,538 36,795 114,447591,886 31,469 366,175 1,826,348 56,272 616,406 2,821.557 48,747 662,248 2,473,805 48,665 379,856 1,301,079 14,881 176,724 647,057 18,524 132,738 564,638 52,936 1,520,617 847,979 2,305,031 3,512,207 3.164,541 1,569,010 896,673 1,320,866 Fruit: Apples, dried jg^ 250 14 2,928 10,00913,916 9,861 1,350 121 21,130 48,977 33,60919,761 150 9 6,366 18,186 40,335 11,581 Green or ripe, j™^ All others, including 752 3,181 11,758 7,209 15,221 45,22953,21028,515 7,288 25,819 59,126 22,030 5,853 15,315 23,574 15,590 6,541 12,12119,39216,006 33,800 22,143 102,468 126,954 ' 106,975 70,111 54,479 47,519 «lue IS, Hair and manuf act's of. .dolls. *»y UX Hides, etc., other than 48,868 6,271 27,992 1,4611,020 15,749 305 5,082 810 39,496 5,307 28,746 2,650 1,227 18,389 465 4,2281,307 52,404 7,436 44,319 2,153 2,598 41,533 223 5,889 1,358 41,973 5,484 22,650 780 3,130 54,791 549 B,8901,387 59,610 7,253 34,849 512 5,164 87,700 711 3,927 855 34,592 4,146 24,605 1,501 2,919 43,851 22,333 2,8647,1282,2525,840 85,652 41,272 4,9056,793 789 3,579 49,728 40 H°P* idous. 6,219 920 2,645 295 2,242 247 Oils: Animal j§aJg; Vegetable — cotton j galls. 7,715 3,7001,539 946 7,5843,8053,744 1,925 13,939 6.805 75,620 19,240 9,871 6,398 72,18422,937 12,310 6,081 55,039 20,569 11,721 4,955 15,080 5,563 3,2391,317 714 385 580 233 1,672 578 • ... J Ot o d > EXPORTS TO CUBA.— Continued. ARTICLES. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER products. — Continued. Provisions, comprising meat and dairy products: Meat products- Beef, canned j1^ Salted or pickled t lbs. and other cured. . 1 dolls. TaUow }doUs. Hog products- Bacon 1?s;,„ 1,056 84 46,400 2,663 23,438 1,394 4,381,370 290,209 2,027,956 260,592 570,600 34,300 33,142,436 2,233,821 31,641 143,433 21,219 62,708 9,686 22,193 6,288 531 63,500 2,676 40,268 2,068 5,423,621 351.955 2,141,208 234,458547,160 33,315 32,054,107 2,079,534 34,816 101,130 18,119 90,27512,91017,226 399,358 34,840 234,200 12.215 490,376 19,306 6,612,210 453,624 4,766,133 529.328696,800 43,911 43,982,187 2,974,545 58,366 165,833 33,570 202.611 27,478 27,298 588,135 49,878 64,036 3,259 717,506 29,674 6,977,298 556,747 5,K54,286 761,082 685,810 59,276 42,683,652 4,023,917 88,605 234,156 49,257 225,421 32,49446.347 119,054 10,139 84,938 4,948 1,246,688 56,700 6,154,077 532,035 5,272,640 668,959626,033 52,333 42,340,578 3,625,545 89,951 121,179 27,038 215,021 30,835 41,732 20,486 1,624 21,400 1,141 802,425 35,432 5,137,535 390,454 3,929,994 420,215462,640 32,586 30,672,512 2,209,067 95,59253,305 11.598 52,680 8,368 39,777 23,484 1,778 26,150 1,277 618,505 24,285 6,168,201 386,475 3,408,718 348,065195,600 10,286 26,218,302 1,551,185 61,886 49,982 10,080 42,896 7,508 63,852 32,686 2,508 91,000 4,141 566,729 20,958 10,581,819 574,402 4,012,433 874,185 Pork, pickled -j^us **"»- j&V All other meat Dairy products— Butter ]doV C^6 jo^k 222,660 10,005 25,717,489 1,255,183 88,08958,12010,47564,86911,28470,485 2.907,802 2,787,608 4,214,481 5,700,536 5,140,215 3,245,854 2,466,677 2,421.715 2,220 3,054 3,296 3,810 4,196 3,957 3,311 3,458 Vegetables: Beans and peas. . . . -j Jj"gj|; 82,643 200,595 50.466 115,030 145,162282,391 183,977 392,962 120,738268,265 101,833 203,979 107,405148,579 212,381276,635 >o -a m ta w mO a ta n H m CO EXPORTS TO CUBA.— Continued. ARTICLES. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER products. — Continued. Vegetables: 0ni<™ {dot; Potato<* idolls! 221 195 147.932108,153 13,412 11,065 8,653 337,928228,079 21,206 8,3487,602 666,648554,153 23,544 1,657 1,448 573,069 496,875 30,876 25 30 355,526274,853 22,802 ),556 6,966 398,491217,315 13,932 1,980 1,767 175,891168,354 10,137 580,923331,553 16,999 322,355 294,421 540,329 978,261 797,464 501,664 886,792 626,954 766 10,376 451 31,847 907 28,867 1,018 25,179 864 25,660 507 30,721 221 18,648 289 All other products of ag- 148,898 Total agricultural pro- 4,867,990 4,119,728 7,343,959 10,492,352 ¦9,440,953 5,531,528 3,926,694 4,628,011 Agricultural implements, dolls. Cars, passenger and freight, for steam rail- i No. Cotton, manufacturers of: Cloths, colored j yards. and uncolored. . . | dolls. India rubber and gutta-percha, Iron and steel, manufact's of: Car wheels Idolls. Machinery not elsewhere 126,492 532 163,455 607,642 85,48154,83726,517 2,954 27,475 9,076 9,964 1,154,090 55,618 1,243 337,158310,086 55,91145,88829,854 2,870 26,145 4,4365,162 1,317,256 84,442 561 177,605452,086 48,873 65,23927,388 4,808 47,053 7,277 8,883 1,952,740 130,341 840 271,571708,667 75,35972,819 42,879 2,167 18,073 21,094 3,055 8,792,050 118,269 696 197,563 . 61,25757,422 62,761 54,806 1,418 12,309 23,037 3,080 1,587,706 38,461 962 273,100235,824 24,39443,04743,131 1,565 11,84610,497 525 1,286,473 36,826 74 28,533 210,113 23,55240,28228,342 314 3,412 6,874 6,147 286,854 3,624 9,202 291,263 25,008 42,444 27,257 387 2,782 6,773 8,315 55,069 W> EXPORTS TO CUBA.— Continued. ARTICLES. 1890. 1891. 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. 1897. AGRICULTURAL AND OTHER products. — Continued. Nails and spikes: °»* Ub0V Wire, wrought, horseshoe, and all other, in- j lbs. Railway bars of t tons. iron and steel. ... 1 dolls. Steam, engines and parts of. Stationary en- J No. ™" idbolis. Leather and manufactures of: Manufactures of— Boots and shoes -j §aj[|- Harness and sad- 2,610,151 56,869 167,997 12,980 1,209 44,267 138,894 49 45,992 4,847,225 170,333 19,871 117.447 114,676 33,234 26,549 5,480,467 1,390,294 80,694 109,015 9,375 934 82,249 107,391 73 46,776 3,842,466 112,357 21,150 98,860 100,733 30,728 20,202 5,421,404 1,968,024 39,093 121,251 9,623 1,067 35,167 130,893 151 77,264 3,695,446 115,588 22,894 209,109 193,776 33,36927,347 7,179,443 5,387,910 107,002335.552 80,581 10,544 327,411243,544 214 130,652 12,052.015 321,120 10,082 93,750 114,943 22,58433,867 8,352,715 5,356,790 105,160 581,657 24,210 11,717 340,457 192,578 123 62,830 10,017,995 248,027 7,993 66,73282,55429,57424,346 7,179,602 1,764,285 25,349 394,031 15,480 - 4,633 121,662 97,869 43 30,629 3,130,290 65,992 7,539 47,040 53,606 20,89117,562 4,814,179 1,044,165 20,597 280,301 12,727 1,137 29,78734,919 12 5,096 587,144 11,542 5,651 25,498 34,992 27,432 7,406 2.734,483 1,352,600 25,016 360,901 18,456 688 14,650 34,686 5 1,189 1,829,406 35,905 1,217 11,885 15,195 16,512 6,839 2,627,607 Total domestic ex- Total foreign ex- . 12,669,509 414,906 11,929,605 295,283 17,622,411 831,159 23,604,094 553,604 19,855,237 270,084 12,533,260 274,401 7,312,348 218,532 7,599,757 660,019 Total exports of 13,084,415 12,224,888 17,953,570 24,157,698 20,125,821 12,807,661 7,530,880 8,259,776 3,167,127 1,657,396 225,462 6,946,048 2,700 6,403,264 19,598 12,351,817 37,510 8,186,805 12,986 2,319,341 5,577 >o H in taH inO cj ta o w in oxOx ARTICLES SOLD BT SPAIN TO CUBA FROM 1890, Of which she no longer enjoys the monopoly-Open now to American business houses. [Expressed in pesetas -= 19.3 cents.] ox ARTICLES. Marbles and manufactures of Mineral waters Glass bottles, etc Bricks, tilings, mosaics, etc £arthenware Lime and cement Silverware and jewelry Iron bars, etc Firearms Copper, and manufactures of Lead, manufactured -. Zinc Other metals Oils a1 d paints Salt Chemicals, medicines, etc Soap Wax and Stearin Perfumery, etc Cotton thread Other manufactures Flax, hemp, etc., manufactures of. Woolen blankets Other woolen manufactures Silk goods Paper, in rolls Writing paper Smoking paper Packing Paper Books, music, etc Other paper Wood, manufactures of 1890 Pesetas. 41,093 229,389391,913329,072 41,500 387,911377,820 151,017 91,99279,373 146,929 302,028351,985 3,380,302 1,573,050 45,168 166,370 12,044,279 3,312,410 370,905257,315469,006864,671866,760484,457248,667 144,909 2,919,611 1891. Pesetas. 56,232 232,740449,843248,104 64,500 438,257 277,020 749,873 91,492 111,705 151,047215,289263,629 131,115 3,587,0801,877,498 68,576 178,238 17,247,168 5,148,289 1,579,638 724,675287,562646,057 567,031738,817 289,950204,220 3,439,444 Pesetas. 87,047 30.167 569,847 872,309664,698 26,424 88,792 1,433,012 381,540226,245 122,911 141,690 279,453334,402312,072 176,197 3,696,066 1,864,099 162,272283,388 25,387,486 7,111.468 49,600 3,178,120 1,233,575 258,453 629,674 945,252 1,143,155 311.175 172,855 3,270,380 1893. Pesetas. 142.650 44,304 416,321 1,462,0441,333,888 29,700 76,280 899,512860,990223,501 123,421 76.265 224,896983,299267,173 379,367 3,575,051 1,874,132 222,256 679,344 27,219,728 6,969,754 123,952 3,761.3581,041,960 313,591 509,899 1,017,0571,052,126 382,662 320,586 1894. 88,017 63,472 348,530 1,792,576 878,251 33,500 944,016765.510 168,326 93,391 63,296 129,644 919,136274,619 145,367 4,319,5252,905,642 268,296689,052 22.396,115 5,758,568 2,321,263 722,285758,548522,916 1,106,356 1,584,008 429,441360,326 3,602,499 1895. Pesetas. 108,118240,215 1,307,321 768,835 28,114 33,308 909,742 4,014,090 72,966 28,82864,795 45,810 782,765394,293 170,886 3,367,380 1,739,902 119,320500,202 22,691,680 5,582,909 180,344 1,727,404 533,140 403,571 495,056 1,406,2221,407,632 293,796433,703 2,477,337 1896. Pesetas. 142,154334,446141,854389,266 25,188 34,000 883,505 9,361.200 78,882 76,71831,864 263,270587,710255,151 176,823 3,176,846 2,095.622 63,608 837.254 18,884,033 3,700,087 . 1,099,856 365,036371,030412.287441,094 1,885,2311,420,235 198,276539,587 2,257,840 a te > ARTICLES SOLD BY SPAIN TO CUBA FROM 1890— Continued. Of which she no longer enjoys the monopoly— Open now to American business houses. ; [Expressed in pesetas = 19.8 cents.] ARTICLES. 1890. 1891. „ 1892. 1893. 1894. 1895. 1896. Pesetas. 686,901 18,247,040 54,186 148,166172,023694,291340,156 Pesetas.- 759,845 16,968,324 56,132 119,385383,337637,696 1,081,633 Pesetas. 895,268 21,906,624 190,008 211,339211,906 1,003,961 1,362,708 Pesetas. ;790,232 21,450,368 293,184545,095 • 273,995 " 922,264 1,948,740 Pesetas. 652,838 20,694,048 248,104213,727325,544857,186935,498 175,899 3,518,816 1,849,485 718,453 1,695,447 436,905 865,492 308,786 657,645 157,770 5,492,8228,107,887 103,704 4,527,078 1,563,085 988,115 784,020 96,594 323,232 Pesetas. 570,629 19,691,760 494,850 151,734 318,831731,096 558,601 142,934 11,862,394 1,892,922 713,710 1,026,799 259,664942,796338,868571,030 174,580 5,497,4658,903,261 93,903 4,833,505 1,185,8631,086,374 732,090152,424404,724156,572 3,626,219 Pesetas. 554,777 17,249,760 510,610 >O 378,396 859,591 1,494,8491,432,815 20,330,882 1,878,019 611,268 1,205,115 401,492608,826224,912 1,171,260 307,910 3,316,218 7,347,045 93,758 4,742,361 1,581,570 1,435,999 13,433,510 171,725 140,394348,595 3,070,981 i— i 9,428.538 1,368,147 546.006 1,494,069 323,706 1,005,565 182,907 462,900 124,044 2,593,119 12,774,985 291,611 4,008,9351,841,595 821,981 177,252 170,965 95,496 11,970,158 . 1,581,357 ; 625,635 1,241,240 396,625913,435 252,903599,700 207,861 4,018,500 11,733,856 226,843 3,755,215 1,203,045 654,980253,344 155,470 \91,816 372,950 1,938,997 374,964911,032324,119 1,151,065 302,638475,745 136,878 4,821,7689,362,624 236,992 , 4,756,527 1,503,635 887,716 785,664205,480338,128 1,837,043 670.953 1,144,687 490,927 1,135,187 298,468564,485 199,894 4,726,3288;643,136 ' 118,841 5,568,428 .1,735,860 1,180.380 .. 502,236326,870 j' 479,464 H in ta M Hi o a ta n M m ' •3,937,346 8,832,074 5,012,167 5,417.420 4,727,710 '86,401,832 103,724,882 115,004,727 121,758,941 115,471,881 119.344,618 134.461,675 248,310 5,916,960 500,030 16,416,992 i—i 25,000 11,135,480 30,314,628 1,590,000 121,448,200 Ox 158 CUBA CHAPTER XXIII. A CUBAN BULL-FIGHT. On a soft, dreamy afternoon, toward the end of autumn I attended a bull -fight at Santiago de Cuba, the venera ble capital of the Oriental region. Although in essen tials it may not have differed from those of Madrid or Seville, yet in a land of mangoes, royal palms, and guava and under the golden gleam of a tropical sun, it had an effect distinctly its own. It was a "benefit" perform ance to aid the maimed soldiers and orphans resultant from the late war between Spain and the Moors, and twelve of the leading ladies of the province acted as patronesses, thereby giving social eminence to the affair ; for although in Spain women attend the combats, it is not customary in Cuba. The narrow street leading to our destination — la plaza de toros Colon, had many a quaint shop and odd single- story home with grated, prison-looking windows to ex cite a stranger's attention; but on this day there was little opportunity for such sightseeing, as our way was congested with a jumble of carriages and hacks strug gling through a mass of citizens and soldiers, all bound for the amusement. So, it was a relief to get out of the confusion and clouds of dust, pass the heavily armed guards at the entrance to the circus, climb the broad AND ITS RESOURCES. 159 inner stairway and sit down in our box, adjoining the governor's, through which blew a refreshing but gentle breeze. From the outside the edifice seemed like a low, round building painted red. Inside it was an amphitheater fit for a nation. The arena below — the largest on the island — was circular, about 150 feet across, inclosed in a "bar rera," or barrier, chin high, and, at convenient distances apart, were "burladeros" (partitions close to the barrera) behind which the toreros, or bull-fighters, escape when too hard-pressed by the bull. Outside of this barrier was an aisle 3 yards wide, and then a second and much higher barrera, for sometimes the bull leaps the first. From the second one, tier after tier of seats arose to the top. And what a sea of faces! nearly five thousand, repre senting all phases of Cuban life. The top of the circus, inclosed by boxes decorated with the national colors of Spain contained la haute societe, exquisitely dressed Spaniards and Creoles — beautiful women with black, melting eyes, and certainly the most graceful of the world in the use of dainty fans, talking vivaciously one with the other, and to their bronze-faced escorts, gentle men clad cap-a-pie in faultless black, or in the snow- white linens and broad-brimmed panama hats character istic of the tropics. Excluding the boxes, which were amply covered, the seats were divided into those on the shade side and on the sun side, an ample space being fenced off for the band. The seats on the former side were occupied by the so-called better class, while those of the latter — costing 3 pesetas (60 cents) each — were filled with a mass of poor people, mostly mulattoes and blacks, among whom were many pretty olive-skinned quadroons and octoroons, parasols in hand, wearing turbans colored as gaily as the wonderful plumage of the native macaw. 160 CUBA In Cuba the city mayor, or an acknowledged represen tative of one of the political parties, usually presides over the fights. But on account of the peculiar purpose of this event, an uncle of a warm personal friend, the Ex celentisimo Sefior General Don Eafael Suero Marcoleta, military governor of the province, presided. As the chimes of the old city cathedral announced the hour of three, his excellency gave the signal, the trumpets blew, and to the sweet sounds of music a merry troop of Span ish cavalry, of the renowned squadron of Hernan Cortes, bounded into the arena, the light-limbed beasts champ ing their foaming bits, their golden trappings afire in the Bunlight. Tropical uniforms — flesh-colored drill with crimson facings — adorned the riders, and each carried a long lance with a knot of emerald, lilac, and pink ribbons fluttering from the end. The troop quickly drew up in a narrow line before his excellency's box, and after a salutation, wheeled about and executed a fancy drill, the horses forming in triangles, squares, platoons, circles and other intricate figures, with rare accuracy and skill. It has been announced that famous "espadas" (swords men) of Madrid, will participate. "The fight! the fight 1 ' ' resounds through the amphitheater. Men gesticu late, and excitedly talk over the possible outcome. Some jump up on their seats. Others cry to friends at a dis tance. Wagers are freely made. The crowd seems wild with anticipation. The equestrian display closed, and two "alguaciles" (officers of the fight) enter on horseback, clad in jackets and knickerbockers of black velvet; long white plumes hang from their cockaded hats. They salute his excel lency and make a turn or two around the ring, display ing remarkable horsemanship, and then go back to lead the troupe into the arena. AND ITS RESOURCES. 161 The toreros come! The espadas, Leandro Sanchez de Leon, alias Cacheta, and Jose Villegas, alias Potoco, are first, clad in short coats and knickerbockers of dark green, purple, and black, glistening with spangles and fringes of gold and silver, wearing sashes and cravats of blue and yellow ; their shoulders are graced with embroidered capes of orange, cream, and carnation, and they are shod in high-heeled slippers of patent leather adorned with silver buckles. The"banderilleros," (dart throwers), in glittering attire, follow, after which come the picadores on horseback, the assistants behind, called in derision "los monos sabios" (wise monkeys), carrying their lances. The picadores wear stiff-rimmed sombreros, velvet jackets covered with gold lace, and quilted breeches of chamois skin. The right leg of each, like that of an ancient knight, is encased in steel to the hip, but the left leg is protected only to the knee. The jades these men ride look as though they had never nosed among sweet-scented clover blossoms, and the right eye of each is blindfolded, this side alone being presented to the bull's charge. On the back of each torero's head is a coleta. Every bull-fighter has a long lock of natural hair on the back of his head. In preparing for the ring this is tied up in a knot, a big rosette of paper or cork is fastened over it, i and a braid of false hair is allowed to fall down the nape of the neck. The coleta is to protect the torero's head in case he is thrown over violently backward. A drag, with cross-bar and hook, to convey the slain bulls and dead horses from the arena, is last in line, and to it are hitched three giddy mules, ornamented with bright bows and bells, attended by two men. The "cuadrilla" (translated armed body) moves to his excellency's box and salutes. The governor tosses the key 162 CUBA of the "chiquero, " or darkened bull-pen, to the alguaciles, who, with agility, catch them in their hats. The toreros separate in the ring and the auxiliaries retire. The trumpets resound, and the chiquero is unlocked. A noble beast, head high in air, with a loud bellow rushes into the ring. As it emerges a mofia, or dart with exquisitely colored ribbons clinging to it, is thrown full into its chine. Smarting with the pain, bewildered by both the light and the tumult of the vast audience, the bull dashes savagely at the "capeadores" (any fighters using cloaks.) A banderillero seizes the lance of a pica dor, grasps it firmly at the end and almost a third of the way down toward the handle, and with his cloaks and taunts, summons the bull. Carefully the man calculates the distance as the beast charges, then he springs for ward with just enough impetus to dangle over the horns. The bull in its plunge strikes the lance near the bottom, knocks it from beneath the man, and he falls over the animal, grazing the tail, gracefully alighting on his feet in the ring. This dangerous feat brings a clamor of applause. The audience knows that if he had miscalculated or stumbled, or if the bull had stopped as it touched the lance, a likelihood had it once been balked, then the man would have fallen, and been run through by the terrible horns. Villegas confronts the bull, and as it tries to catch a torero, he makes several deft passes before its eyes with his crimson cloak. "Ah!boys, "he exclaims, "its vice is to the right." To the casual spectator the bull seems to hook in every direction, but bulls hook up, and either to the right or left, which side, called its vice, must be known to the toreros before the combat proper begins. AND ITS RESOURCES. 163 To receive an onslaught, the picadores, broad-shoul dered and athletic, with proud, flashing eyes, gallop their horses close to the "boards" (to await in the center of the ring is cowardly), their lances poised in arms of bronze. The bull charges on the one nearest me. The lance, a pole 7 feet long with a sharp spike of Toledo steel at the end, should be planted on the "morillo" (the bunch at the base of the neck), in order to check or turn aside the infuriated beast — a most difficult feat. I tremble as I look and a cold shiver runs down my back. Horrors! the aim misses; the great horns sink into the blindfolded horse, which, with a wild snort of pain, half-leaps, and is half-tossed into the air, horse and rider falling back helpless to the ground. The picador is quickly extri cated; but the bull plunges its blood-drenched horns time and again into the belly of the unfortunate horse, and seems to gloat over ripping out its entrails. The capadores yell at the top of their voices, and fling their cloaks in the face of the demon to attract it from the horse but moments, like hours, elapse before the misguided fury is satisfied. A "mono sabio" gets the horse to its feet; a bushel of entrails, dripping with blood, hangs from its torn sides, hitting its legs, and dragging in the dust. The armored picador is helped on the back of the dying horse, whips it staggering across the arena to the exit, where it is taken out and an end put to its life. The bull rushes for the second picador. The man drives the lance home to the morillo. A fierce play of muscles ensues, a determination of man and brute to baffle each other. The bull sways from side to side in the struggle to reach its adversary, but is held firm by the strong arm of the torero, then suddenly it is wheeled off to the left ; man and horse are safe, and a loud burst 164 CUBA of applause greets the hero. A picador across the ring successfully resists another assault; then a horse floun ders in the dust. The trumpets sound, the picadores retire and the banderilleros enter. The banderillas used are darts 3 palms in length, with sharp steel points, and are wrapped in fancy-colored paper. Banderillas de fuegos — which are used to infuriate "los parados" lazy bulls, without passion — and have explosives attached, so arranged as to burst in the flesh, are not needed for this bull. The bull, with foaming nostrils and bloodthirsty eyes de mands revenge, snorts and stamps the ground. A dare devil, darts in hand, leisurely takes a chair, sets himself directly in the bull's path, and crosses his legs. As its hot breath almost fans his cheek, the man makes a feint to attract the bull's attention to the right an instant, slips off the seat, hurls tbe darts in the neck of the bull as its horns catch the rungs and sends the empty chair flying through space; the torero smiling nonchalantly, as if he had been merely playing at tenpins or rolling a cigarrito, while round after round of applause fills the amphitheater. Capeadores tease the bull, mock it, try to pull its nose, and one is nearly lifted into the air for his trouble. Two banderilleros, with incredible dexterity, elude the bull's fearful assaults; the first fastens two more darts in its neck, the second is crowded hard to fasten a single one. Seven banderillas hanging from the bull are soaked with blood. Angrily it tries to shake them loose, but in vain. The blood only runs the faster, mingles with the foam and flows down its legs, leaving a trail in the dust. The upward glances flash pain, and the bull threatens to sell its life as dearly as possible. AND ITS RESOURCES. 165 The purpose of the picadores is "to take the bull off its legs," as they say in Cuba; that is, to weaken it some, but principally to lower its head, otherwise the espada could hardly make the proper death-thrust over the head to the heart. The underlying purpose of the banderil leros is to intensify the passion of the bull for the espada. The trumpets blare, and the banderilleros have finished. The great palms glinting in the sunlight, seem to cease waving, as they overlook the circus; the multitude is silent ; all hold their breath ; the audience seems petri fied ; this is the last act. Sanchez, the espada, now enters amid tumultuous applause, comes before his excellency's box, presents his sword shining in the folds of a scarlet cloak, and consecrates to the governor the bull he is about to kill. Now he strides toward the sun side, boasts he will slay the bull at one stroke, and throws his hat to the crowd, for which there is a lively scramble, as it is an honor to hold it during the feat. It is a death-battle ! Human skill, backed only by a long, slender sword is placed against the huge horns and fury of a mad beast. Sanchez, by the aid of a "muleta," or stick, the cloak half-hiding the gleaming steel, makes three passes above the bull's head and around its smok ing horns. Then, the beast charges, roaring and eager for the end. "With pale, calm face and steady eye, Sanchez leaps lightly aside ; the horns graze his hips. The bull glares at the man, and approaches him again, bellowing furiously. An instant they stand face to face — the fatal attitude ; one must die. Just as the bull's horns are about to transfix Sanchez, with his left hand he throws the cloak in the foe's face, 166 CUBA and glances along the blade in his right; there is a bright flash in the sunlight, a spurt of purple blood drenches the man's hand; the sword is buried to the hilt in the vitals of the animal. "With lowered head, torn flesh and bleeding, the dying bull staggers away, its protruding tongue licking the dust. As it reaches the side of the barrera, its legs shake violently, its eyes seem about to burst from their sockets, its sides heave convulsively, and the bellow has sunk to a moan. De termined, if possible, not to die, the bull tries to stagger on. It pitches from side to side, hesitates, falls on its knees, gets up, struggles on a few feet, moans, falls down, rolls over and gasps its last. As the gladiator of the Roman coloseum stood with foot on the breast of his fallen adversary, sword in hand, facing the audience for approval, so Sanchez stands, con queror, holding the cloak and muleta in the eyes of the fallen bull, his face turned toward the multitude. There is an outburst of tempestuous applause. The stroke was a master-thrust — to the heart's region. Sanchez is an idol. Men are on their feet crying "Bravo! Bravo!" Some shout endearing terms as "Thou angel, Sanchez!" He salutes his excellency and the people, is deluged with presents of cigars, money, oranges, and bottles of wine. Hundreds of hats are thrown into the ring. The ladies clap their hands in glee, and wield their fans with renewed vigor. All talk at once, the band starts up a pretty air, the puntillero, with a single blow, breaks the spinal oord of the bull at the neok, and the carcass is dragged from the ring. A word of history to better understand the spectacle. In early times bull-fights were common in Greece, par ticularly in Thessaly, and afterward at Rome, although MH¦6 y Cia. Carnicer E. y Cia, Amargura 1. Carri6 Carlos B., San Ignacio 58. Catala ViceDte, Inquisidor 17. Clay y Bock, O'Reilly 9J^. 174 CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. HAVANA— Continued. Cobo y Cia. Coca y Cia., O'Reilly 6. Codes Loychate y Cia. Conill y Archibald. Coro Quesada y Cia., Obrapia 11. Deulofen Hijo y Cia.. San Pedro 28. Dosal Arturo, Carnero 11. Droop Otto. Dusendschon Hempel, Habana 112. Dussaq y Cia., Oficios 30. Ehart Antonio, Egido 213. Escalona Pedro Rafael, Cuba 74. Fabra y Cia. Faaite Cipriano, Oficios 48. Falk Rohsen y Cia., San Ignacio 54. Farifias e Hijos. Farinas Pedro. Fernandez Alonso Jose., Amargura 18 Flores Julio, Egido 69. Fornaguera Cristobal D., Santa Clara 20^ Franck Hijos y Cia. Francker Hijos y Cia. Fiuffin R. y Cia., Obrapia 32. Fuentes Nicasio. ' Galban y Cia., San Ignacio 36. Garcia Castro Faustino, Obrapia 36. Garcia Corujeda Luis, Compostela 105. Garcia Rafael, Villegas 106. Garcia Serra y Cia., Oficios 6. Gelates N. y Cia., Agui r 108. Gen6 P. y Cia., Empredrado 9. Giberga Samuel y Cia. Gofas Martin, Bernaza 41. Gomez Joaquin. G6mez Manuel y Cia. G6mez Pedro y Cia., Bartillo 9. Gonzalez Pablo. Gonzalez J. G. , San Pedro 4. Gonzalez Jose y Cia., Mercaderes 4. Goudie y Cia. COMMISSION MERCHANTS, IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS. Gras y Seigido, Amargura 4. Hamel Henry B. Heckman C. San Ignacio 13. Hernandez y Foyo, Cuba 33. Herrera Sobrinos de. Heuser Pablo, Amargura 14. Hidalgo y Cia. Higgins y Cia., Oficios 48. Isla Aniceto, Obispo 42. Ivern A. y Hnos., San Ignacio 50. Jane y Cia., San Ignacio 26. Jone Pascual. Krajenski y Pesant, Aguiar 82. Lange y Leonhaidt. Lawton Childs y Cia., Mercaderes 35. Leonhardt y Cia., Mercaderes 7. Llata Aurelio, Aguiar 126. Llubet y Cia., Teniente Rey 35. Loof William y Cia., Cuba 21. L6pez Calixto y Cia. Losada Andres. Loychate Saenz y Cia., Oficios 19. Marquette J. R., Luz 6. Martinez Duran y Cia., Mercaderes 4. Martinez y Cia. Martinez Pinillos J. M. de y Cia. Matas Juan Lino. Mayor Miguel, Cuba 113. Mena Manuel. Millas y Cia., Santa Clara 37. Millington J. F. Moenck D. H. Mojarrieta, L. Morena Lopez y Cia., Obispo 1. Mosquera Jose Eligio, Obispo 88. Mujares M. A., San Ignacio 56. Muller y Cia. Noriega Prudencio. Neuhaus Nueman y Cia., Obrapia 18. Ntinez Francisco, Villegas 126. Ohmstedt Enrique. Oladarra Luis, Amargura 4. Ordofiez Hnos. Otamendi Hnos. y Cia. Pag6s Pedro, Oficios 52. Pardiflas Francisco. Pastell Miguel. Pavia P. R., Mercaderes 4. Perez Santa Maria Rafael. Perkins Ricardo, San Ignacio 33. Perosoy Dirube y Cia., San Pedro 6. Pifion y Cia., Lamparilla 22. Poblet y Casanueva. Puig Baldomero. Pujo y Mayola. Quesada y Alonso, Obropia 15. Rafecas y Cia. J., Teniente Rey 12. Ramos Pantaleon, Aguiar 93. Romana y Cia., Oficios 34. Romero y Cia. R. Rovirosa Francisco A. Ruiz L. y Cia. Saenz y Cia., Oficios 19. Solomon Gustavo Hno., Monte 114. Sanchez Antonio J. San Roman Pita y Cia. Oficios 23. San Salvador Pablo, Amargura 8. Santa Maria Rafael P., Villegas 109. Santiago Avelino, Tepadillo 36. Schwab y Tillman, San Ignacio 76. Seidel J. S. Senzano Adolfo, San Ignacio 116. Serrapifiana Enrique, Cuba 85. Solar F. del., Mercaderes 11. Someillan e Hijo. Stillman O., B. Mercaderes 22. Sturtz y Cia. Supervielle Hnos., Mercaderes 22. Truffln y Cia. R. ¦ Ubago 6 Hijo Angel. Upmann y Cia. H., Amargura 3. CONFECTIONERY STORES. Alvarez Manuel, Manzana de Gomez. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 175 HAVANA— Continued. Berriz J. M., Acosta 49. Fernandez y Alonso, Obispo 49. Gomez Real Jose, Inquisidor 15. Gonzalez del Campo Jose, Galiano 49. Guillaume y Cia. Antonio, San Rafael 69. Gutierrez Alvarez y Cia., Oficios, 46. Inclan y Alvarez, Manrique 90. Lines Felip i, Jesus del Monte 218. Llambes Juan, Obispo 31. Mata y Garcia, Manrique 111. Menendez Florentino, Oficios 35. Menendez Jose, Portales de Luz. Molla y Cia., O'Reilly 48. Perez Ram6n, Obispo 89. Vazquez Vicente, Compostela 141. CONTRACTORS AND BUILDERS. Astudillo Francisco, Cuarteles 24. Castellanos Diego, Zaragoza 31. Comontes Luis P., Vedado 9a 73. Pichardo Tranquilino, Jesus Maria 132. DISTILLERIES. Artiz A. M., Folgueras 8. Bacardi Jos6, San Ignacio 43. Canals y Cia., Teniente Rey 7. Casanova y Ferandez. Cflrdoba Gonzalo F. de, Zanja 129. Costales Pedro y Cia., Oficios 116. Diaz Cuervo, Elias, Egido 71. Dussac y Cia., Oficios 30. Echaux R., Carlos HI. Fernandez GuriSrrez, Fernando. Fernandez Leandro. Foyo Ortelio. Garcia y Peralta. Garay Uriarte y Cia., Mercaderes 33. Godo Jose. Gonzalez Felipe. Lavin Francisco. L6pez Catalayud y Cia., Aguiar 136. L6pez Francisco, Monte 148. L6pez y Cia., Segundo. MSndez Casariego Juan, Lamparilla. 17. Menendez y Domenech, Neptuno 257. Merino Nicola y Cia., Factoria 70. Miguel F. y Cia., Habana 130. Otamendi Teniente Rey 3. Otamendi Ram6n, Belascoain 9. Oyarzabal y Cia., San Ignacio 82. Peralta Camilo. Rada Jos§ M., Cuba 3. Romaiia y Cia. RomaDO Nicolas y Cia,, Factoria 70. Sabtfe Tomas. Sanchez y Perez. Travieso Mariano. Trespalacios y Aldabo. Monte 427. Trueba Hnos., Jesus, Peregrino 36. Nivanco Braulio A. DENTISTS, Cortes.Antonio, Cuba 45. Chaguaceda y Navarro Rafael, Prado 79 A. Diaz Valdivia Manuel, Paula 16. Espinosa Guillermo, Nept no 36. Garcia Alfredo, Habana 48. G6mez Pila L., O'Reilly 40. Gonzalez E., Consulado 114. Guerra Juan, Dragones 29. Gutierrez Miguel, Galiano 88. Guzman Rodolfo de, Habana 55. Hart Frank E., Angeles 46 A. Jimenez Jenaro, Acosta 17. Larraiiaga Manuel, O'Reilly 50. Mediavilla Dr., Compostella 96. Morales Ricardo, Villegas 122. Muifla Ramon, Galiano 136. Nufiez Francisco de P., Habana 110. Ofiate Felipe, Lealtad 134. Perez Ceferino, Reina 69. Rabanal M., Cuba 5. Rivas Generoso, NeptuDo 48. Rodriguez Miret A., Manrique 126. Rojas y Quintana Ignacio, Lamparilla 76. Taboadela Jose A., Prado 91. Trujillo y Uria Jos6, Galiano 36. Valdes Molina Jos6, Galiano 103. Valdfe Molina Jose R., Villegas 59. ValdSs Juan E., Estrella 6. Valdes Molina N., Galiano 103. Valdes Ramon, Monte 133. Valdes R. Calixto, Galiano 42. Vieta Benito, Obrapia 55 y 57. Vieta Salvador, Obrapia 55 y 57. Warner James, Villegas. Wilson E., Prado 115. DOOR AND BLIND MANUFACTURERS. Hernandez Julio, Bernaza 50. Molina y Gonzalez, Teniente Rey 95. Pampim M., Galiano 125. Tarriel Miguel, Zulueta 73. DRUG STORES AND PHARMACIES. Abreu Felix, Monte 479. Aenlle Jose T., Lagunas 57. Aguero Antonio Alonso Antonio. Aluija Juan F. Aluija Francisco y Matheu, Bernaza 4. Alvarez Ortiz Augusto E., Campa nario 66. Alvarez Jose, Jesus del Valle 523. Alvarez y Ortiz Miguel, Prado 115. Arag6n Ernesto. Arnaut6 M., Belascoain 79. Arrayo Estela, Manzana de G6mez. Baeza Carmen, Reina 71. Barata Miguel F. Barrinat Arturo, Lealtad 165. Barrio Jose del Reina 13. Barrio Maximino, Obrapia 42. Betancourt Eustaquio, San Nicolas 176 CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. HAVANA— Continued. Betancourt Marricio, Salud 161. Bosque Alfredo. , Bosque Arturo C. 1 Bueno Juan A., Vedado 7. a, 95 A. Botica Militar. Campo Emilio, Reina 143. Campuzano Dr., Oficio 56. Capote Jose, Monte 344. Cardona Federico de, Salud 99. Casares David G., Escobar 46. Castells y Anselmo Cia., Empedrado 26 y 28. Castro Alfredo, Alcantarilla 24. Clare s Domingo L., Aguacate 24. Cataia Viuda de. Consuegra Ricardo. Corral Rafael, San Rafael 155. Cotilla Manuel, Jestis del Monte 402. Cuervo Daniel M., Campanairo 182. Cuesta Antonio, San Rafael 29. Deiro Ramon G., Estevez 57. Delgado JosS. Delgado Manuel, Animas 37. Dla^ Sellen Antonio, Paula 16. Diaz Joaquin, Monte 412. Diaz Jos6 G. Domingues Navarro Francisco, Es trella 8. Estevez Jose C, San Ignacio 53. Fernandez Miguel, Sol 82. Ferrer Joaquin, San Rafael 125, Fonte Alberto, Ricla 6. Forts Tomas, Picota 7. Fraga Santiago, Consulado 95. Frias Julio G. Garcia Domingo, Cerro 558. Garcia Jose, Maur que 172. Garcia Manuei-A., Cuba 128. - Gardano Josa, Belascoain 117. Gervais S., Paula 78. G6mez de la Masa Juan. G6mez Para Jose, Cerro 697. Gonzalez y Curquejo Antonio, Habana 112, y Obispo 94. Gutigrrez Pedro, Luyan6 101 B. Hernandez Bofil Eduardo, Industria 115. Hernandez Miguel, Jestis del Monte 218. Hernandez Domingo, Ancha del Norte 265. Herrera Francisco, Cerro 557, y Jestis del Monte 277. Herrero Anibal. jpragones 86. ,„. Jim6nez Alfredo, Ju rez. 85. , Johnson Manuel Ob'spo 53. Larrazabal L.. Ricla 99. Larazabal Raimundo. Le6n Viuda de, Mercaderes 19. Lobe y Cia., Obrapia 37. Lobe y Figueroa. Lobe y Torralbas, Obrapia 33. Lomba Patricio. Lorie Rafael A. D., San Rafael 11. Llarona Leopoldo, Luz 58. Maj6 Marcefino, Obispo 63. Marquez Adelaida, Trocadero 37. Marquez Luis J., Neptuno 145. Marquez Miguel de J., Safi Ignacio 29. Martinez Justo, Muralla 75. Martinez Tomas, Neptuno 91. Maza Ildefonso df la. Maza J. G. de la, Lamparilla 74. Maza Miguel de la. Ma6zuchelli Alfredo, Neptuno 233. Mejias A., Galiano 16. Mojarrieta Javier, Dragones 64. Montejo Miguel, Vedado 129. Morej6n Antonio, Amistad 154, Moyo Carlos, Galiano 41. Nin y Valiente Nicolas, Jesus del Monte 267. Novela Martin, Belascoain 14. Ntifiez Jorge L.. Salud 46. O'Farrel Gabriel. Paez Federico. Para Eduardo, San Rafael 62. Paragon Saturnino. Pefia Manuel, Aguila 136. Perez Mamerto, Balascoain 19. Perellez L. Enrique, Suarez 53. Pimental J. M., Sol 20. Portela Arturo, Lealtad 37. Posada Juan B. Ramos Valentin, Jesus del Monte 280. Regueira Santiago, Monte 181. Rodriguez Joaquin, Prado 22. Rio Jose del, Aguila 106. Rodriguez Victoriano, Industria 36. Rodriguez Feo Joaquin. Rosal J. De, Reina 145. Rovira Jose de Jestis,. Amistad 68. Ruiz GumersindfX"Cerr6',755. " San Julian, Villegas 104. San Roman Miguel. SarrS Jose, Teniente Rey 41. Sell y Guzman Manuel, Monte 44. Sentenat Francisco. Sobre y Cia., Aguiar 77. Taquechel Tomas. Tarafa Tomas. Tiques Antonio F., Concordia 116. Torralbas Antonio, Monte 138. Tremoledo Agustin, Neptuno 112. Tremolz Abdon, Estevez 2. Trujillo Tomas, San Miguel 236. Ubrichei Carlos F., San Miguel 103. Valdfls Camilo, Obispo 27. Valdes Canute, Obispo 27. Vargas Alberto. Varona Serapia de, Mercado Tacon 17. Velasco Francisco F. de, Zulueta 24J6 Villavicencio Eligio N., Salud 24. Xenes Pablo, Compostela 168. Zamora Juan L. Zarza J' se. Zarza Manuel, Monte 307. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 177 HAVANA— Continued. DRY GOODS STORES. Agradan y Rodriguez, Monte 122. Alonso Agustin y Hno. Monte 321. Alonso Balbino, Aramburo 23. Alonso Modesto. Alonso Miguel y Maza, Neptuno 67. Alvarez y Diaz, Aguila 211. Alvarez y Portilla, Manzana de Gomez. Alvarez Puente y Cia. Alvarez Valdes y Cia., Ricla 7 A. Alvarez Juan, Salud 2. Alvarez Pedro, Mercado de Tac6n 39 y 40. Arenas Juan F. Arguelles Manuel y Hno., Monte 169. Argumosa Fernandez y Cia. Arredondo Antonio, PI. del Polvorin. Bandujo Ram6n. Barbero Gervasio, Monte 300. Barcela M. de la. Bazillais Gracia y Cia. Blanco y Salgado Jesus, Mercado de Tac6n 72 y 75. Borbolla y Diaz, Compostela 151. Calonet Antonio, Principe Alfonso 65. Calvo Hnos. Campo V-, Principe Alfonso 55. Carri6n y Junco, Mercado de Tac6n 15 yl6. Cobo Hnos. y Cia. Conejo Gaian y Cia., San Ignacio 82, Guesta Francisco, Aguiar 96. Diaz Benito. Diaz y Heras, San Rafael 31. Doyle y Perez. Escand6n M. Escand6n y Garcia. Falk Martin y Cia. Fargas Hno. y Cia. Fernandez Junquera y Cia. Fernandez y Garcia, Galiano 70. Fernandez y hermano Servando, Bal- ascoain29. " Fuente Marcelino de la, Ancha del Norte 287, Gaian Jose M. Gamba F. y Cia. Garcia y Vega. Aguila 207. Garcia Joaquin, Aguiar 94. Garcia Menendez Jose, Teniente Rey 69. Garcia Juan, PI. de Polvorin. Garcia Rafael, Mercado de Tacfin 7. Garcia Secundino, San Rafael 21. Garcia Tufion, Segundo. Gomez Mena Pedro. Gonzalez Joaquin, Mercado de Tac6n 52. Grau J. y Cia. Guerras Pedro, San Ignacio 59. Heira Segundo, Monte 159. Herrera Manuel y Cia. Hunnant y Cia., Zanja 6. Ibafiez Alvarfi y Cia. Inclan y Garcia, Galiano 80. Inclan y Cia. Lenzano Adolfo. Lizama Diaz y Cia. Lopez y Urufiuela. Reina 33. Lopez Francisco, Mercado deTacfin 12. Lopez San Pelayo y Cia. Lopez y Lopez Francisco, Mercado de TacOn 21. Lopez Jose Maria, Reina 93. Lopez Suarez Manuel, Aguila 203. Loriente y Dosal. Loyde Casiano, Mercaderes 43. Llamas Manuel, Dragones 44. Manresa Ricardo, PL del Polvorin. Mari bona Garcia y Cia. Martinez y Puente, Belascoain 43. Maturana R. y Cia. Nazabal y Hnos. Novo Vicente, Manila 9 y 11. Obiar Jestis, Augila 124. Pascual Juan y Cia., Obispo 69 y 71. Pella Martin, F. y Cia. Pereda J. y Hno., Cerro 783. Perez Manuel, Mercado de Tac6n 8. Prat Jos6, PL del Polvorin. Prendes Ram6n, Reina 27. Prendes y Cia. Quevedo Reran y Cia. Rabaza Pedro, Monte 413. Revuelta y Cia. Rivero Jose, Cerro 767. Rodriguez Alvarez y Lopez. Rodriguez Santos, Salud 9. Santayana Gregorio R., Mercado de Tacon 65. Somonte Fernandez y Cia. Suarez Arronte y Cia., San Rafael 10. Suarez Jose, PI. del Polvosin. EGG AND POULTRY MERCHANTS. Canales y Hnos., Cristo 33. Fernandez y Hnos., Campanario 53. Gomez Francisco, Villegas 117. Macias M., Cristo 32. Vieta Juan, Monte 41. ELECTRIC LIGHT COMPANIES. Compafiia el6ctrica, Mercaderes 11. Campafiia' Hispano - Americana de Alumbrado, Monte 1. ELECTRICAL APPARATUS AND GOODS. Cadaval, Arturo. Eligio Mosquera Jose. Guzman R. , Habana 55. Morena Manuel. Mosquera Jose, Obispo 88. Riquero Francisco.EMBROIDERY DEALER. Solino y Gaian, Ricla 20. 1, i a CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. HAVANA— Continued. ENGINEERS AND SURVEYORS. Boulanger N., San Ignacio 34. Brugueta y Casal Ricardo. Hotel Flor ida, Cadenas Manuel, San Ignacio 56. Cantalapiedra Enrique, Vedado, Calle 10. Castro Alberto. Quiroga 4. Delaparte y Reus Manzana de Gomez. Martinez de Campos y Colmenares Miguel. Pardo Cayetano, Bernaza 67. Pichardo Tranquilino, Jestis Maria 132. Portuondo Francisco de P. y Bravo, Aguila 72. Talfer Juan, Obrapia 14. ENGRAVERS. Arvier Hipolito. Bola6o M. y Cia. Bosque Ildefonso. Fernandez Joaquin, Villegas 59. Guerra Antonio. Macia Luis. Ruiz M. y Cia. Taviera Alfredo. Torre Nicasio de la. EXPRESS AGENCIES. Gutierrez de Leon Hijo, J. Amargura. Pegudo Rafael, Tacon 2. FIRE-ARM DEALERS. Ciarran Francisco, Bernaza 9. May«r y Alzolo, San Ignacio 84. Perez Antonio, Habana 89. FIRE INSURANCE AGENCIES. Atlas Assurance Company, Mercaderes 5. Phenix, Oficios 29. Hamburg and Bremen, Oficios 29. Helvetia, San Ignacio 76. Imperial Inglesa, Oficios 13. Iris; Presidente, Fernandez de Garay Florentino, Manrique 58. Liverpool et London et Globe, Teniente Rey 4. London Assurance Corporation, Obra pia 37. Magdeburgo, Obrapi i 29. Manchester Fire Assurance Company, San Ignacio 33. Massachusetts Benefit Association, Mercaderes 22. North British, Cuba 76. Norwich Union, San Ignacio 50. Previsora La, Barratillo 2. Royal, Cuba 43. Royal Exchange, San Ignacio 50. Scottish Union and National, Obispo 21. Silbeiray Cia., San Ignacio 28. FLAVORING EXTRACT MANUFACTURERS Plante Vial F. y Cia., Manrique 96. FOUNDRIES. Armengol y Cia., Cruz del Padre 30. C616n Jose. Lambden Viuda de Vandewater, Ancha de. Norte 99. Madurell Emilio. Rosell6 Jose, Cruz del Padre 28. Vaquer Jorge. Velo Angel. FRUIT EXPORTERS. Barrios y Cia. Calafat Antoni . Cejudo 6 Izaguirre. Diaz y Pedal, Neptuno 127. Lopez y Morales. L u-enzo Celestina, Monte 405. Martinez Jose Ramon, Compostela 173. Melian Alonso y Cia., Lamparilla 2. Milian y Cia., Obrapia 1. Milian y Camcho. Nazabal I. y Cia., Mercaderes 29. Prieto Juan, Lamparilla 3. Scto Manuel, Blanco 35. Suarez Eusecbio, Jesus del Monte 521 FURNITURE MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS. Acosta y Aguilera Eduardo. Alvarez Eduardo, Monte 2 1. Avila Jose, Monte 103. Bahomonde y Cia. Barquiola Juan B., Galiano 29. Betancourt Carlos C, Villegas 99. Blanco J. y Cia. Borbolla J., Compostela 52. Camel y Hno., Galiano 111. Castillo Esteban. Galiano 118. Corral Jose, Reina 23. Fernandez Francisco, Monte 149. Garcia Lorenzo, Galiano 74. Hierro y Alvarez. Laburu Antonio, Villegas 66. Llovet y Cia., Obispo 42. Miranda Pulido F., Aguila 215. Molina y Duran, Galiano 91. Pardo y Fernandez. 1-ifion Bonifacio. Ponte Manuel. Quintana Francisco, Galiano 76. Quesada y Oia. Raventos Modesto. Rigo Alonzo, Galiano 95. Rigol Juan, Vedado 7a. Rodriguez y Reimunde, Compostela 68. Ros y Novo ', Galiano 94. Sanchez Inocencio, Monte 2. Senra y Hnos., Aguila 209. Suarez Genaro. Suarez Manuel, Compostela 124, BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 179 HAVANA— Continued. Tuero y Reina Francisco, Neptuno 85. V.;zquez Francisco, Neptuno 22. Vazquez y Rodriguez, Compostela 68. Villarino Gaspar, Suarez 53. GRAIN AND SEED DEALERS. Avellano Santiago, O'Reilly, 32. Batista Ramdn, Belascoain 659. Diaz Antonio, Teniente Rey 82. Garcia y Cia., Carlos in 51. Olivera Severiano, San Miguel 260. Pego Vicente, Jestis del Monte 227. Sargarminaga Jose, Obispo 66. RETAIL GROCERS. Alvarez Vicente, Galiano 96. Beche L. H. de, O'Reilly 30. Berry F. M. 6 Hijo, Reina 21. Bustillos C, Galiano 78. Casanova Antonio, Galiano 132. Fregenal Juan de D., San Nicholas 45. Ga cia Jestis, Monte 258. Gfimez Felix, Suarez 76. Gonzalez Antonio, O'Reilly 12. Guti6rrez Julian, Monte 87. Masa._uer Guillermo, Galiano 120. Noguer Juan,*San Ignacio 48. Puig y Montejo, Virtudes 94. Rego Juan, Monte 275. Roca Ignacio, Reina 31. Roset Juan, Mercaderes 16. Ruiz Barreto M., Lamparilla 19. Salvat Wenceslao. Galiano 97. Verdura y Hno., Jestis Maria 105. WHOLESALE GROCERS. Abascal F. y Cia., Mercideres 37. Abellano y Fuente. Aguilera E. y Cia., Oficios 29. Aguirre Juan, Principe Alfonso 265. Alba Manuel, Jestis del Monte 46. Alba M. y Cia., San Miguel 199. Alonso, Jauma y Cia., Oficios 40. Alonso Garin y Cia., Oficios 66. Alonso Lavin, Francisco. Alvarez Aureli'i. Alvarez Estanislao y Cia., Oficios 32. Alvarez y Coll. Aman y Cia.. Principe Alfonso 313. Andes y Cia., Obrapia 8. Andujar A., Obrapia 10. Arango Marcelino R., Bernaza 71. Arechaga Ricardo. Arxer Benito. Astorque J., Obrapia 7. Baguer Hijo y Cia., Ricla 2. Balaguer Jaime, Oflcos 38. Balaguer Jose, Lamparilla 10J& Barrios y Cia. Beci y Hno., Monte 269. Beltran Felix Desamparados. Berriz Jos6 M., Reina 21. Bilbao y Cia. planch y Cia, Blanco Alonso y Cia., Lamparilla 94. Blanco Jos6. Borras y Llambes. Brage J. A. y Cia., Oficios 64. Brocchi Juan. Bulnes y Millas. Canales Fraga y Cia. Cafio y Cia. Carb6 y Cia., Justiz 2. Carbonell, Rosell y Cia. Carbonell y Serra, Teniente Rey 11. Carrera, Ricardo. Ceballos Fermin, Vedado 7a, 50. Cobo Augustin. Coca y Armengol. Codina y Cia., Justiz 5. Coll Jose, Enna 4. Colom y Ciai., Baratillo 1. Coro y Quesada. Costa Federico, Obrapia 5. Costa, Vives y Cia., Baratillo 2. Chicoy Jestis, San Ignacio 38. De Beche H. Diaz Agustin, O'Reilly 86. Diaz, Manuel, San Ignacio 94. Dominguez y Cia., Crespo 30. Eguillor Lezama y Cia., Teniente Rey 6. Fernandez Garcia y Cia., Oficios 1. Fernandez Francisco, Principe Alfonso 79. Fernandez y Cia. Ferrer Crist6bal, Vedado 16. Ferrer C. y Cia., Vedado E 9. Fors y Cia. Fuentes Saturnino. Galban y Cia. Galbe e Hijo. Garcia Castro y Cia. Garcia Cue y Cia. Garcia Landeras y Cia., Oficios 6. Garcia Serra y Cia. Garcia y Cia., Angel Inquisidor 37. Garcia R. y Cia., Oficios 5. Garri C. y Cia. Garviso Herederos de. Giral Artigues y Sola, San Ignacio 98. G6mez Felipe, Vedado 7a 83. Gonzalez Garcia Marcelino, Baratillo 1. Gonzalez Jose, Enna 1. Gonzalez J. y Cia. Gonzalez y Carreflo. Gonzalez y Hno. Gonzalo Toribio de. Goudie y Cia. Gutifirrez Arrese y Cia. Guiterrez y Suarez, Cuba 63. Herrera y Cia. Jane Pascual y Cia. Jimenez Jos6, San Rafael 74. Juvert Hnos. Kicherer J. E. Larrea Eguillor y Cia. Lawton, Cbilds y Cia. O, 180 CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. HAVANA— Continued. Lezama J. y Larrea. Lloveras Baldomero, Obrapia 2. Loredo J. y Cia., Sol 97. Loredo y Perez, Oficios 88. . Luengas Emilio, Lamparilla 1. Luengo y Cia. Martinez Mendez y Cia. Masague Caviedo. Melian Alonso y Cia., Lamparilla 2. Mendy y Eguia, O'Reilly 22. Menendez Carratala y Cia. Menendez F. y Cia., Teniente Rey 5. Mestre y Cia., Lamparilla 4%. Mir6 y Otero, Obrapia 27. Mojarrieta L. Muniategui y Cia., Cuba 68.' Mufiiz y Cia., Mercaderes 35. Nazabal y Cia. Noguera Juan. Nofia Miguel. Otamendi Hno. y Cia., Mercaderes 38. Pastorino y Schultz. P6rez Francisco, Aguiar 35. Perez C. y Cia., Oficios 80. Perez R. y Cia., Justiz 1. Perez y Echavarri, Aguacate 124. Pifian y Esquerra. Pifian y Ezquerra, San Ignacio 100. Pino Juan L. Pino y Cia., Ricla 121. Posada y Cia., Cuba 51. Prieto B. y Cia., Plaza del Polvorin. Remus y Baguer. Roca Ignacio, Reina 31. Rodriguez Domingo, Obispo 52. Romagosa y Cia., Inquisidor 9. Romafia Juan. Rossi Romualdo, Oficios 35. Ruiz S. G. Ruiz y Cia., Mercado de Christina. Salcedo, Roda y Cia., Oficios. 12. Salvat y Bustillo. San Roman y Pita. Santa Maria J. Seva JosS R. Soler Francisco, Lamparilla 8. Suarez Jose Antonio, Enna 2. Suero Andes y Cia. Suero y Cia., Obrapia 4. Tabernilla y Sobrino, Inquisidor 1. Torregrosa Ram6n, Obrapia 53. Truffin R. Villaverde y Cia. , San Ignacio 40. Wickes R. y Cia. Yarto Nemesio. Zayas y Hno. HABERDASHERY. Bulmes Manuel F., Ricla 96. Escandon Manuel, Mercado de Tac6n 9. Garcia Isidoro, Belascoain 77. Ruiz MarcelinOj Merced 62. Sarasua Dionisio, Jestis Maria 70, HARDWARE STORES. Aguilera y Garcia, Mercaderes 27. Aguirre L. y Cia., Obrapia 20. Alvarez y Cia., Principe Alfonso 218. Alvarez Benito y Cia., Obrapia 16. Alvarez Jos6 y Cia , Aramburo 8. Alvarez Suarez Laureano, Compostela 132. Amat y Cia. Araluce, Martinez y Cia., Lamparilla 32. Arrib i Faustino de, O'Reilly 15. Aspeiro J. y Cia., Mercaderes 21. Astuy y Cia., Murallo 97. Benguria Corral y Cia., Galiano 32. Blasco y Ortiz, Oficios 35. Cajigal y Bufiuel, Oficios 18. Camafio Canosa y Cia., Monte 177. Carillo Carlos M., Muralla 67. Castillo Aquilino, Salud 8. Cirea Salvador, Reino 113. Conejo Castro Angel, Jestis del Monte 2. Costa y Hnos., San Rafael 14J4 Coto M. y Cia., Galiano 117. Egusquiza y L. Arambalza, Lamparilla Fernandez Julia. Salud 51. Fernandez Gutierrez Tomas, Galiano 114. Fondevila Manuel, Monte 287. Gonzalez Francisco, O'Reilly 120. Gorostiza y Cia., Monte 79. Ideoondo Vicente, Mercado de Tac6n 53. Jaureguizar Jose, PI. del Polvorin. Larrarti Domingo y Hno., Villegas 63. Larrazabal y Astuy. Marina y Cia., Mercaderes 26. Martinez Sena y Cia., Monte 3. Marure y Aja, Monte 369. Mifio A. y Cia., Galiano 46. Ortiz y Zorrilla Rosendo, Belascoain 69. Pardo y Gomez, Galiano 104. Presa y Torres, San Pedro 10. Prieto y Cia., San Ignacio 23. Quevedo Wenceslao, Jestis del Monte 214. Quintana J., San Ignacio 21. Rivas Lacosi y Cia., Monte 243. Rocha Antonio, Monte 408, Rodriguez Anselmo, Galiano 124. Rodriguez Torices y Cia., Mercaderes 17. Soto y Cia., San Ignacio 80. Tamo Jose. Torre y Cia., Mercaderes 15. Urquiola Diaz y Cia., Lamparilla 7. Valdina Antonio, Corrales 17. Vidaurrazaga Marcos, Monte 207. Vila y Coto. Vila Gardner y Cia., Galiano 101, Vila J., Galiano 61, BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 181 HAVANA— Continued. Zapata Viuda de, Obispo 117. HAT IMPORTERS. AvendeKo y Castillo, Aguiar 130. Fernandez Gr. y Cia., Muralla 68. L6pez Ram6n y Cia., Ricla 7 Menendez y Hnos., Ricla 9. Ortiz y Avendaiio. Par jon Hno. y Cia., Ricla 4. Rubiera y Mufiiz. Trapaga y Puente, Mercaderes 41. HOTELS. Aliart Rosario de, Monte 45. Antorechi y Casanova, Zulueta. Bergarechea Vicente, Egido 7. Carbonell y Cia., Oficios 35. Chaix Eduardo, Vedado 7a. Gonzalez Miguel, San Ignacio 74. Guinea Eulogio, Zulueta 22. Hotel El Louvre, Consulado 146. Hotel Florida, Obispo 28. Hotel Inglaterra, Prado y San Rafael. Hotel Mascotte, Plazoleta de Luz. Hotel Pasage, Prado 95. Hotel Tel6grafo, Amistad 7 Reina. Menendez Florentino Luz, Oficios 35. Ortiz y Hnos., Zulueta 36. Ortiz Gabriel, Monte 2 B. Pioti Adriana, Dragones 7. Polvorosa F. y Cia., Prado 95. Presa Jose, Monte 10. San Antonio, Acosta 83. Tortosa Eduardo, Obrapia 67. Valle Manuel, Dragones 1. Verdaguer Blanco y Cia., Monte 23. Viver P, y Cia. , Teniente Rey 75. JEWELERS AND WATCHMAKERS. Aguilera Juan, O'Reilly 65. Alonso Garcia Jos6, Monte 227. Alvarez Francisco, O'Reilly 15^ Babamonde Antonio Manuel, Bernaza 16. Baron Juan, Habana 80. Barros Manuel. Bauriedel F. y Cia. Belarmino y Alyarez, San Rafael 20. Bernard A. B Betancourt J. M. y Hno., Habana 135. Borbolla J., Compostela 52. Carmona Matias, Ricla 22. Cores y Cia., San Rafael 12. Cuervo y Sobrinos, Ricla 37. Faustino Manuel, Zanja 1. Fernandez Cuervo Ram6n. Fernandez Hno. y Cia., Obispo 58. Fernandez Benito, Bernaga 26. Fernandez Jos6, Luz. Fiscber Enrique. Franco Juan A., Reina 17. Garcia Baltasar, Luz. Garcia Candido, Estrella 5. Garcia Corojedo Hnos. Garcia Juan L., Principe Alfonso 231. Garcia Lorenzo, Galiano 74. Gonzalez Gregorio, San Rafael 15^ Gonzalez Paulino Monte 245. Guardado V., Aguila 116. Hierro y Alvarez, Compostela 42. Hierro y Manual M., Obispo 68. Ibern J. Ilia Matos Juan, Salud 2. Jimenez F., Obispo 63. j Kramer R. y Cia., Obispo 10. Lecour Francisco, Dragones 15. Lluvt't Juan M., Dragones 23. Lopez Santos. Martinez Gutierrez y Cia., Ricla 27. Masson Emilio, Teniente Rey 1. Menendez Francisco L., Mercaderes 23. Miranda Pulido Federico, Aguila 215. Milian Francisco, Jesus del Monte 279. Oltmans Guillermo, Obispo 44. Ordonez Hnos. Pagliery Oscar, Principe Alfonso 101. Palacio Taracena y Cia. Pineda y Pnete, Aguila 126. Portilla Antonio, Aguiar 75. Reutlinger G. Mercaderes 11. Re.itlinger W. Rodriguez Jos6 Bernaza 12. Ruisanchez y Hno., Estrella 13. Sanchez y Hno. Santa Maria y Cia., Mercaderes 17. Sauter F. y Cia , Obispo 16. Senra y Hno. , Aguila 209. Suarez y Sanchez, Bernaza 10. Tepedino Jos6, Monte 273. Vidal Neira Juan, Compostela 141. Zarrabeitia y Zarrabeitia, Mercaderes 10. Zaton y Garcia, Bernaza 6. IMPORTERS OF LAMP FIXTURES. Fernandez y Ablanedo Muralla 94 y95. Fernandez y Diaz, Ricla 77. Llambias Saiz y Cia., San Ignacio 70. Soler y Hno., Muralla 98. Taladrid Hno. y Cia., San Ignacio 72. Uriarte y San Martin, San Ignacio 70: Acebal del Cueto Jos6 O'Reilly 30. Alun y Portas Juan, Mercedes 22. Alvarado y Bouza Jose Miguel, San Ignacio 14. Alzugaray Carlos M. de, Cuba 36. Amblard Arturo, Teniente Rey 8. Arias Arturo, Obispo 16. Arostegui y Castillo Alvaro Martin, Habana 115, Anufa Francisco, O'Farriel 5. Bandini Juan, Cuarteles 2. Bafios y Villar Secundino, Mercaderes 11. Barrio y Perez Delgado Herminio, Obispo 16, 183 CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. HAVANA-Comrnraed. Batlle Jose1 Antonio, San Ignacio 56. Beci y Ramos Lorenzo, Mercaderes 11. Bernal y Tobar Jose Alfredo, Cuba 107. Bernal y Ferrer Rogelio, Cuba 1 . Berriel y Fernandez Leopoldo, Egido 20. Bravo y Gonzalez Indalecio, Cuba 5. Bust mante Antonio, Aguacate 138. Cabello Bermudez de Castro Adolfo, Teniente Rey 69. Calvo Antonio, Obrapia 14. Callejas Armenteros y Carlos, Tejadillo 11. Campo Benito del, Mercaderes 2. Cancio y Luna Leopoldo, Empedrado 16. Carbonell y Ruiz Jose Maria, Cuba 116. Cardenas y Gassie Jose de, Damas 11. Carr y Villegas Osvoaldo, Mercaderes 4. Castafieda Gustavo A., Oficios 40. Castellanos Jose L., Villegas 90. Castellanos y Perdomo Jos6 Lorenzo, Villegas 90. Castro Antonio F. de, Cuba 121. Castro y Alio Fernando, San Ignacio 138. Castro Rafael F. de, Cuba 121. Celorio Benito y Hano. Cespedes Jose Maria, Habana 55. C6rdoba Rafael, Conde 14. Criado Antonio F., O'Reilly 13. Cueto Jose, Aguiar 76. Chaple y Suarez Eduardo, Empedrado 15. Chaple Guillermo, Empedrado 15. Chomat Miguel Maria Damas 11. Delgado Ricardo, Prado 5. Demestre Joaquin M., Villegas 76. Demestre Jose Felipe, Chacon 2. Desvernine Eduardo, San Ignacio 29. Diaz Alum Felipe, Villegas 19. Dolz y Arango Ricardo, Aguiar 49. Dominguez Guillermo, Empedrado 42. Duplesis Adolfo C, Mercaderes 22. Ebra y Escota Ramon, San Ignacio 50. Elcid y Balmaseda Carlos, Cuba 84. Escasena y Ferragut, Rafael Aguiar 76. Estrada Mora Nicasio, San Ignacio 30. Fernandez Larnuaga Angel, Obispo 16. Fernandez Pellon y Castellanos JosS R., Habana 55. Font Sterling Carlos, Aguiar 17 y Cuarteles 2. Francisco y Diaz Francisco de, Aguila 80. Freixas Pascual Joaquin, Chacon 4. Frias y Perez Jose Antonio, Aguacate 128. Fuentes y Martinez Ram6n, Habana 114. Gablis Pedro, Mercaderes 4. Galindo y Pffiera Pedro, Empedrado 9, Galvez Guillen Angel, O'Reilly 106. Garcia Gar6falo Franciseo, Aguiar 92. Garcia Montes Jose Maria, Habana 184. Garcia y Lopez Jose Miguel, O'Reilly 7. Garcia y Kolhy Juan J.. Habana 184 Garcia Rey Miguel O'Reilly 10j!. Gavalda Ernesto, San Ignacio 50. Gener Miguel, Mercaderes 2. Giberga y Gali Octavio, Amargara 25. Gobel y J unco Oscar, Habana 15. Gomez Manuel Enrique, O'Reilly 13. Gonzalez del Valle Esteban, Empe drado 85. Gonzalez y Alum Felip6 Mercaderes 2. Guardia Agustin de la, Cuba 1. Guardia Cristobal de la, Obrapia 14. Guzman y Elizago Francisco, San Igna cio 56. Heredia Nicolas. Hernandez Juan Bautista, Jestis Maria 20. Heydrich y Martinez Roberto, Amistad 84. Horta y Pando Constantino, San Igna cio 50. Irizar Leopoldo, Aguiar 67. Jonin y Moliner Gonzalo, Cerro. Lage Juan F. 6 Hidalgo Gato, Mer caderes 12. Lamar Manuel Francisco, San Ignacio 50. Lazcano Antonia Maria, Mercaderes 2. Lopez Zayas Joaquin, Cuba 47. Llaverria Cecilio, San Lazaro 102. Lliteras Juan A., Aguiar 76. Manas y Urquiola Manuel, San Pedro 6. Martinez Ayala Manuel, Habana 13. Martinez Cordero Eladio, Mercaderes 16. Martinez de Quintana Federico, Cam panario 43. Maza y Diego Bernardino Adriano, San Ignacio 56. Mendez y Alanis, Ram6n Hotel Militar. Mesa Dominguez Antonia, Mercaderes 2. Mesa Fernando, Empedrado 39. Montero Antonio y Sanchez, Tac6n 2. Mora Gast6n, Mercaderes 2. Muller Juan A.. Mercaderes 4. Novo Garcia Jose, San Ignacio 83. O'Farreil Jose J. , San Ignacio 14. O'Farreil Juan FrancLeo, San Ignacio 14. Ortiz Alberto, Habana 38. Ostolaza Manuel, Dragones 27. Pancorbo Montero Juan R., Teniente Rey 4. Penichet Francisco, Cuba 140. Peralta Melgares Manuel, Empedrado BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 183 HAVANA— Continued. Perez y Casas Meliton, San Nicolas 19 y21. Ponce y Valdes Alberto, Escobar 133. Portillo y Bruzon Manuel S., Aguacate 128. Rabell Pedro, Obrapia 25. LIFE INSURANCE AGENCIES. Equitativa, Aguiar 100. Mannheim Insurance, Mercaderes 5. Massachusetts Benefit Life Assurance, Mercaderes 22. Sol del Canada, Obrapia 58. Washington, Mercaderes 11. LUMBER DEALERS. Duran y Cia. Jimenis Alberto. Mojarrieta, L. Perez Santamaria, Rafael. Sastre, Gabriel. LUMBER YARDS. Alegret Jose, Lucena 10. Artela Sebastian, Vives 97. Cagigay G6mez, Monte 361. Diaz Antonio, Belascoain 124. Diaz Leandro y Hno., Zulueta. Estanillo A. Pedro, Monte 363. Rio yPSrez Andr6s del, Prado 78. Rodriguez Miguel, Escobar 27. Telleria Antonio C, Morro 60. Vila Antonio, Belascoain 77. MACHINERY IMPORTERS. George Hyatt. Alexandre H., San Ignacio IS. Amat y Cia. Cotiart J. P. Diaz Siveria Tomas. Droop OttoD. Heesch Enrique. Kraiewski y Pesant. Leblanc Alfredo. Moenck L>. H. Pique Agustin. Schlessinger y Selwynn. Schwab y Tillman. Supervielle Juan. Tatger Juan. Tiques Felipe E., Galiano 106. Vandewater J. L. Verastegui Alberto, Habana II6V3. Vionnet y Cia. MARBLE YARDS. Campa Manuel de la, Estrella 9. Carmona Mati s, Carlos IH 267. Feliti Baldomero, Prado 61. Firas Bartolome Peiiapobre 19. Garcia Francisco, Virtudes 43. Gianinazzi Marcos, Habana 104. Perez Manuel, San Rafael 38, Rodriguez M., Rayo 22. MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS. Curtis T. J. Dominguez Joaqufn, Prado 91. L6pez, Anselmo, Obrapia 21. Pomares y Rivas, Cuba 47. Xiques, Felipe E., Galiano 106. NEWS AGENCIES. Juli Juan, Rayo 26. Sala Clemente, Habana 98. NEWSPAPERS AND REVIEWS. Anales de la Real Academia de Cien cias, Cuba y Amargura. Archivas de la Policlinica, O'Reilly 56. Boletin Oficial de la Camarade Comer cio, Oficios 17. Diario del Ejercito, O'Reilly 37. El Advisador Comercial, Amargura30. El Bromista, Santa Clara 20}£. El Cazador, Aguiar 61. El Comercio. El Diario de la Marina. El Figaro, Chac6n 17. El Heraldo de Asturias, Zulueta 14J& El Hogar, Compostela 93. El Liberal, Amargura 10. El Pais, Teniente Rey 39. El PilareBo, Principe Alfonso 366. El Pueblo, Aguacate 37. Gaceta de la Habana, Teniente Rey 23. Habana Cat61ica, Habana 78. La Caricatura. Galiano 116. La Confianza, Aguiar 61. La Igualdad, O'Reilly 9. La Lueha, Cuba 39. La Revista Blanca, O'Reilly 77. La Uni6n Constitucional Teniente Rey 39. Laurac Bat, Mercaderes 15. Le6n Espafiol, Tejadillo 34. Los Voluntaries, Compostela 52. Eepertorio Medico-Farmaeeutico, Ha bana. OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS AND SUPPLIES. Alarcia Manuel. Alvarez Acebal y Cia. Cuervo Sobrinos. Gonzalez Manuel, Obispo 99. Gonzalez Rafael, Obispo 54. Kramer y Cia. Riquero F., O'Reilly 95. Sanchez E. Zarrabeitia y Arzumendi, Mercaderes 10. PERFUMERY IMPORTERS AND DEALERS. Alvarez y Acebal. Alvarez Juan B., Ricla 82. Bidegain, Prudencio. Bulnes, Manuel F, Coll, Miguel. 184 CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. HAVANA— Continued. Fernandez Castro y Cia. Cruxellas Hno. y Cia., Monte 310. Fernandez y Ablenedo. Garcia Corugedo. Gil Santos, Obispo 74. Mendez Eduardo, Salud 29. Morris Heyman Hnos. y Cia. Pernas. Landanuce y Cia., Muralla 58. Pis y Diaz, Teniente Rey 16. SopeHa L., Ricla 98. Taladrid Hno. y Cia., San Ignacio 72. Toca y G6mez. Torresagasti y Cia., Murallo 111. Uriarte y San Martin, San Ignacio 70. PHOTOGRAPHIC SUPPLIES. Cibrian Manuel F., Obispo 79. Lopez J., O'Reilly 19. L6pezy Cia.. J. S. Mental A., Obispo 902. PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. Acevedo Modesto L., Sol 72. Aguilera Manuel, Lamparilla 64. Almeyda Jose R., Corrales 2. Almirall Juan Bautista, Aguiar 17. AnglSs Dr., Escobar 117. Aunfat E., Animas 176. Arostegui Gonzalo, Aguiar 108^. Bango Manuel V., Habana 51. Barraque Juan, Real 164. Barrena y Delane Avelino, Reina 153. Beato Manuel P., Estrella 15. Belot Eduardo, Prado 67. Bellver J.. Neptuno 59. Bermudez Pedro, Estrella 127. Betancourt A., Escobar 166. Biada Miguel, C. R. de Arroyo Na- ranjo 42. Blanco Gervasio, Merced 58. Bueno Rafael, Calzada de Obrapia 57. Bustamente Alberto, S. de, Sol 79. Cabrera Domingo, Monte 426 B. Cabrera y Saavedra Francisco, Ha bana 128. Calves Fernando A., Leatad 58. Camara Pedro L. de la, Armagura 31. Cano Feliciano, Cuba 91. Cafiizares E., Neptuno 116. Caflizares Manuel, San Miguel 158. Cardona Ignacio, Salud 72. Casariego Jose, Industria 122. Castro Angel F. de, Cuba 121. Castro Secundino, San Ignacio 130. Cerra Teodoro de la, Aguila 153. Cordoba Federico, Virtudes 82. Coronado T. V., Lamparilla 34. Cowley Luis Maria, Merced 39. Cresoo Joaquin A., San Miguel 152. Cuba F„ Carlos IH 110. Chaban L., Luz 11. Chomat Roberto Jestis Maria 112. Davalos J. N., Lamparilla 34. Delfln Manuel, Monte 18. Diago Joaquin, Tejadillo 14. Diaz Storino Angel, Prado 55. Diaz Albertini Antonio, Habana 111. Diaz Atienza Rafaei, Hospital. Dumas Francisco, Monte 497. Duplesis Gustavo, Compostela 75, Durio Antonio, Cerrada del Paseo 11. Ecay Jose L., Sol 86. Echevarria R. G., Campanario 158. Ercarra J. R., Amistad 64. Espada Manuel, Galiano 124. Estrada Josfi, Habana, 68. FarrilL.O.,. Cerro 759. Fernandez y Cubas Domingo, Reina 50. Fernandez Francisco, Luz 91. Ferran J. E., Habana 64 y Prado 85. Ferrer Jose Luis, Compostela 4. Franca Dr., Aguacate 5. Franco y Montalvo Jos6, Habana 51. Fuentes Juan Bautista, Animas 110. Gabalda Enrique, Consejero Arango 2. Gai; an Rafael, San Ignacio 138. Galvez Guill6n F„ O'Reilly 106. Garcia Francisco, C. R. de Puentes Grandes 84. Garganta R., Acosta 19. G6mez R., Perseverancia 66. Gonzalez del Valle Ambrosio, Agua cate 120. Gordillo Miguel, Galiano 105. Gordon y Acosta Antonio de, San Nicolas 54. Guardia Vicente de la, Salud 79. Gutierrez Leg, Reina 87. Guti6rrez Rivas Francisco, Campana rio 80. Hernandez Edelmiro, Maloja 55. Hernandez E. R., Ancha del Norte 250. Hernandez F., Ancha del Norte 117. Hevia V., Zaragoza 15 y Cerro. Hoffman y Cantos Federico, Jestis del Monte 384. Hoya T. de la. Carlos HI 64. Hoyos C, Villegas 84. Jacobsen Joaquin, Salud 22. Jaureguiz Jose Maria de, Prado 81. Jover Antonio, Obispo 75. Le Roy Jorge, San Ignacio 140. 1-obe Jer6mmo, Compostela 106. L6pez Enrique, O'Reilly 56. Loredo Francisco, Concordia 98. Losada Alfredo, Neptuno 147. Llerena Juan, Pocito 30. Marill y Sola Francisco, Aguiar 21. Marquez Fermin, Campanario 20. Martinez Avalos, Estrella 33. Massanet 31., Habana 134. Mayor E., Gervasio 46. Mejias Donate, Monte 364. Miguel Luis, Vedado 7a, 73. Milian y Guillen Francisco, Quinta Garcini. Montalvo Jose R., Virtudes 18. Montane Luis, San Ignacio 14. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 185 HAVANA— Continued. Morejon Antonio. Mulkay Aurelio, Luyan6 16. Mufioz Acosta F., Cuba 142. Neyra Jose A., Neptuno 122. Noy y Noy Olodomiro, Damas 58. NuEez de Castro Joaquin, Refugio 28. Obregon y Mayol Francisco, Cuba 107 y Virtudes 61. Ovad Urbano, Hospital Militar. Palma Pedro A., Tejadillo82. Pamariega Jos6, Neptuno 163. Parra Antonio R., Paula 47. Pefia Guillermo A. de San Lazar i 88. Perdomo Enrique,0'Reilly 30 y Salud 2. Pereda Clalvez Jose, Consulado 126. Pamariega Jose, Neptuno 163. P6rez Betancourt Fermin, Estevez 64. Perez Gregorio, Reina 107. Piedra Angel P., Merced 108. Pintado Angel, Monte 72. Plasencia Ignacio, Empedrado 50. Portela Francisco, Animas 107. Porto Enrique M., Amargura 49. Presno Jose A,, Consulado 85. Quesada Francisco de, Ancha del Norte 227. Ramirez y Rosell6 Carlos, Amistad 94. Ramirez Jose San Miguel 105. Real Ceeilio, Suarez 83. Reinery Francisco, Campanario 59. Reyes Adolfo, Lamparilla 74. Reysoli Fernando, Aramburo 15. Riva Miguel,. Campanario 45. Robelin Enrique, Jestis Maria 91. Rodriguez Anillo Jose Maria, Man rique 89. Rojas Ignacio, Villegas 111. Romero Leal Jose, Monte 5. Ru'z Vicente, Revillagigedo 81. Saavedra Jose. Monte 495. Saez Casimiro J., Luz 48. Salazar Eduardo, Cerrada 24. San, hez Alfredo, Gervasio 142. San Pedro Francisco, Habana 108. Santiago Jos6 M., Luz 48. Sartorez Arturo, Lamparilla 161. Soria Francisco, San Lazaro 250. Tejada Arturo, Prado 67 y 69. Torralbas J. I., Compostela 5. Torre Carlos de la, Morro 25. Tremols Jose A., Manrique 71. Trujillo y Fagoso Pablo, Carlos HI 53. Valdes J. M., San Nicolas 225. Valdes de las Fuenies Luis, Corrales 80. Valdes Vicente Benito, Teniente Rey 104. Varela Zequeira J., Ancha del Norte 93. Vasquez Domingo, Monte 467. Viada y Dalmances Miguel, Jestis del Monte 407. Vidal y Junco, Crespo 4. Vildosola Francisco, Habana 94. Villiers Adalberto de Campanario 180. Weiss Rafael, Prado 11. Wilson Erastus, ir'rado 115. Zequi Domingo H., Ancha del Norte 265. Zufiiga Julio, Habana y Sol. SADDLERY AND HARNESS DEALERS. Alvarez Antonio, Monte 205. Arco y Bellou y Cia., Teniente Rey 29. Castrillon Briol y Soler. Diaz y Rodriguez, Teniente Rey 54. Incera Alfredo, Aguacate 130. Leplume Arnaldo, Concordia 124. Martin C. y Hno., Belascoain 67. Mena Jose, Princi; e Alfonso 54. Morillas Pablo, Teniente Rey 61. Palacio Franciseo, Teniente Rey 44. Ramos y Castafie, Monte 238 Rodriguez Paula, Belascoain 85. Salas Bordas Jose, TeDiente Rey 26. Tio Pablo Belascoain 35. Vallfe M. G. y Cia., Teniente Rey 25. Vicente Benjamin de, Jesus del Monte 395. SAFES. Pego Andres, Mercaderes 15. SAWMILLS. Alegret Jose y Cia., Lucena 10. Rio Hijos J. del, Vives 97. SEWING MACHINE AGENCIES. Alvarez y Hines. Garcia Cernuday Cia., Obispo 123. Garcia Jose, Principe Alfonso 19. Gonzalez y Cia. Sopefia JosS y Cia., O'Reilly 112. Vidal GraHa y Cia., O'Reilly 74. Xiques Felipe E. SHIP OWNERS AND CONSIGNEES. Blanch y Cia., Ofici'.s 2. Calvo Manuel, Aguiar 98 y Oficios 28. Estrada Perez, Oficios 96. Gonzalez JosG Habana 88. Herrera Sobrinos de, San Pedro 6. Hidalgo y Cia., Cuba 76. Loychade Saenz y Cia., Oficios 19. Santamarina J., Oficios 27. SHOE DEALERS. Arias Bernardo, Habana 87. Arias Manuel. Basanta Manuel, Luz y Compostela. Blanco Jose M., Monte 24. Blanco Rubalcaba Tomas, Pifion 2. Blanco Tomas, Habana 113. Brti Alberto, Jestis del Monte 248. Cajeti Antonio. Caqueta Antonio, Cuba 70. Caroajal Tiburcio. Carranza Juana, Salud 19. 186 CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. HAVANA— Continued. Carreras Sebastian, Aguila 87. Carvajal Tiburcio, Monte 237. Castro y Andanturriaga, Mercado de Col6n. Colunga Jose, O'Reilly 26. Crucet Juan, San Rafael 1. Cuesta Angel. Dalman y Oia. Diaz Nichelas. Exp6sito Rufino, Jesus del Monte 75. Fernandez Suarez Antonio, Bernaza 18. Fernandez y Cia. Ferran, Teniente Rey 52. Fuste Juan. Fuste Jose, Neptuno 21. Garcia Benito. Garcia F. Garcia Jose, Obispo 48. Hernandez Antonio. Incera A., Ricla 83. Laisca Bernab§, Sol 24. Lliteras y Cia., Aguiar 106. L6pez Eusebio. L6pez Rosendo. Marin Santiago. Martinez Ram6n. Martinez y PatiHo, O'Reilly 80. Masanes Hernandez y Cia., Cuba 65. Mogica Jose, Egido 2. Montane P., Obispo 73. Mujica Jose, Monte 2. Nizarel y Cia , Cuba 90. Noguera y Hno., Bernaza 58. Nolla Juan. Ojeda Manuel, Ricla 70. Pardifias Narciso. Paz Ram6n. Mercaderes 13. Perez Ram6n. Perez Josfi. Perez Pino y Cia. Pol Ju m, Obispo 15. Pons y Cia., Cuba 61. Puig Manuel, San Rafael 16. Puig Pablo, Luz 30. Pujo y Cia. Quinones Sanchez Manuel, O'Reilly 88. Robira y Castilla Jos6, Bernaza 45. Robles Manuel, Habana 116. Rodriguez, Manuel, Monte 2. Romero Antonio, Compostela 148. Ros y Ferrer Jaime, Aguiar 92. Rovira Jose. Ruilobo Francisco, M.rcado de Tacon 71. Sanchez Jose, Obrapia 50. San-Pons Joaquin. Serra Manuel. Aguiar 55. Suarez Francisco, Monte 2. Suarez Manuel, Teniente Rey 19. Terrado B. Torres J. y Cia. Vazquez F., O'Reilly 52. Veiga y Aranjo, Cuba 59, Zabala y Zabala. SILK GOODS IMPORTERS AND WARE HOUSES. Alvarez y Acebal. Bidegain Prudencio. Bulnes Manuel F. Campo Vicente, Principe Alfonso 55. Coll Miguel. Duval Luis C, Muralla 125. Fernandez y Ablenedo. Fernandez Castro y Cia Fernandez y Diaz, Ricla 77. Garcia Corugedo. Gai'Cia y Hno., Ricla 88. Gutierrez y Sanchez, San Igracio 78. Llambias Sainz y Cia., San Ignacio 70. Morris Heyman Hno. y Cia. Perez y Arroyo, Cuba 100. Pernas Landanuci y Cia., Muralla 58. Perkins Ricardo, San Ignacio 33. Pis y Diaz. Taladrid Hno. y Cia., San Ignacio 72. Toca y G6mez, Torresagasti y Cia., Muralla 111. Uriarte y San Martin, San Ignacio 70. Villar Fernandez y Cia., Ricla 46. STEAMSHD? COMPANIES. Compafiia Comercial Oficios 30. Compafiia de Fomento y Navegaci6n del Sur, Oficios 28. Compafiia hamburguesa Americana, San Ignacio 54. Compafiia Transatiantica Franeesa, Amargura 5. Cuban L'ne of Steamers, Oficios 30. F. Prats y Cia., Oficios 20. La Bandera Espafiola, Oficios 20. Men6ndez y Cia., San Ignacio 82. New York and Cuban Mail Steamship Co. Pinillos, Saez y Cia.. Oficios 19. Plant Steamship Line, Mercaderes 22. Serra y La Fecha, San Pedro 28. Vapores Correos de las Antillas, San Pedro 26. SUGAR CANE PLANTERS. Casanovas Hnos., Acosta 21. Dihigo Juan P., San Ignacio 110. Fernandez Criado Antonio, OficirrS 72. Gue.ll Joaquin y Reute, Amargura 21. Guzman Leandro, Inquisidor 39. Herrera Ignacio, Compostela 75. Heymann Enrique, Oficios 74. Lagunillas Condesa de, San Ignacio 92. Larrinaga Marques de, Cuba 84. Martinez Ezequiel, Jestis del Monte 189. Martorell Rafael, San Miguel 140. Melendez Arturo, Compostela 136. Merenle Jose Luis, San Nicolas 132. Montalvo Marques de, Cuba 119. PiEon Celestino, Luyan6 70, BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 18? HAVANA— Continued. Puig Bernardo, Estrella 121. Ramirez Jos6, Jestis del Monte 279. Raurell Hnos. y Cia., San Ignacio 50. ¦ eal Carapifia Marques de la, Cuba 91. Real Proclamaci6n Marques de la, Oficios 110. Reunion Condesa de la, Empedrado 15. Romero Conde de, Zulueta 24 A. Resell Francisco, Oficios 48. Ufart Francisco, Velazquez 21. Zorrilla Emeterio, Mercaderes 11. TAILORING ESTABLISHMENTS. Alonso Manuel, Neptuno 87. Alvarez Antonio, Monte 167. Alvarez Evaristo, O'Reilly 46. Alvarez Jenaro, Monte 189. Allegue Jose Maria, Ricla 8. Arias Jose y Alba, Reina 9. Beltran y Ferro, Galiano, 92. Ben y Boo, Jose Obrapia 14. Berenguer Jose\ Obispo 125. Bermudez Faustino, Monte 61. Bustillo y Cabiedes. Jesus del Monte 254. Camino Ricardo, Ricla 115. Campa y Fernandez, Sau Pedro 26. Casagran F., Compostela 104 Castro Vicente G., San Rafael 18. Cebrian y Rosal, Monte 143. Cosio Jose Maria O'Reilly 42. Cuesta Cuesta Jose Maria, Salud 22. Cueto Federico, Obispo 102. Diaz Gumersindo, Zulueta 30. Estrada y Castelo, Mercaderes 45. FargasHno. y Cia., Obispo 65. Fernandez y Garcia, Monte 187. Fernandez Ruiz y Cia., San Rafael 7. Fernandez Adolfo, Belascoain 81. Fernandez Lopez Celestino, Galiano 129. Fernandez Jose, Principe Alfonso 29. Fernandez y Suarez, Luis Obispo 37. Fernandez Manuel, Monte 379. Fernandez Saturnino, Habana 95. Frad.i Cayetana, Monte 5. Fraga Cay ana, Zu ueta 69. Garcia y L6pez, Habana 121. Garcia Antonio, Ricla 9. Gracia y Freire Diego, Galiano, 108 Gracia Argiielles Evaristo Estrella 11. Garcia Gregorio, Monte 92. Gracia Jos6 Maria y Cia., San Rafael 36. Garcia Menendez y Hno. Rodolfo. Mon serrate 55. Gomez Campa M nu'jl, Sol 24. Gonzalez y Diaz, Ricla 94. Gonzalez Juan, Obispo 4. Gonzalez Juan, Principe Alfonso 39. Gonzalez Marcelo, Monte 21. Gonzalez Mateo. M< -nte 39. Gonzalez Salvador, Monte 51. Gordon y Fernandez Obispo 56. Grau Jose, O'Reilly 116. Gutierrez Romano, Ricla 61. Hernandez Victor, San Miguel 1. Iglesias y Viscoy Eduardo, Dragones 46. Lacaille y Llanes, Habana 92. Lama Ramon. O'Reilly 31, Lazzaurri C6sar, Monte 195. Leiva Jos6, Obrapia 77. Lizana Diaz y Cia., Neptuno 66. Lopez Hnos., Aguiar 73. Lopez y Loredo, Obrapia 39. Lopez Antonio, Cardenas 2 E. Lopez Bernardino, San Rafael 5J^. Lopez Francisco, San Rafael 1. Lopez Joaquin, Monte 185. Lopez Jos6, Principe Alfonso 31. Lopez M. y Cia., Ricla 1. Lopez Salustiano, San Miguel 61. Loyde Casiano y Cia., Oficios 54 A. Llama Vicente, Villegas 115. Liana Manuel de la, Habana 154. Llanes A. G., Lamparilla 65. Marti Sebastian, Merc do de Tac6n 1. Martinez Florentino, Aguacate 58. Martinez y Gonzalez, Salud 8. Martinez Luis, Reina 41. Maseda Hip61ito, Reina 47. Matienzo y Fernandez, Egido 5. Mella Nicanor, Obispo 77. Menendez y Suarez, Monte 59. Menendez Manuel, Dragones 9. Menendez O'oias Narciso, Mercado de Tac6n 29. Miquelarena Juan A., PI. del Polvorin. Montana P., O'Reilly 24. MufiizL., Habana 77. Muiioz Andr6s San Rafael 203^. Musaus Migunl y Cia., Ricla 26. O Farrill Ram6n, Habana 7&}4. Oliver y Vazquez, Dragones 52. Orturzar Ricardo y Cia., Monte 33. Palacios Nicanor, San Rafael 7. Palazuelos Rafael, Habana 65%. Palli y Primera, Habana 81. Pavoni Valentin, Compostela 104. Pereda Francisco y Hno., Cerro 78^. Perez Arando y Cia., Ricla 4. Perez Barreiro Francisco, Reina 43, Perez J. B., San Rafael, 5%. Perez Bringas Juan, Monte 72. Perez Rogelio, Monte 204. Perez Tomas, Mercado de Tac6n 25. Pollau Matias, Obispo 93. Portela Valeriano, Reina 21. Portilla Francisco, Jestis del Monte 275. Qu vedo y Mantilla, Prado 3. Ramos Jose\ Teniente Rey 60. Raso y Llano, Teniente Rey 39. Raymat Narciso, San Rafael 14^. Relgoria y Pifiera, Salud 3. Riberoly y Rod iguez, Felix Reina 7. Rio Jose del, Oficios 33. 188 CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. HAVANA— Continued. Robles Constantino, Monte 337. Rodriguez Antonio, Amargura 12. Rodriguez Donato Monte 14. Roelandt's Adolfo y Cia.. O'Reilly 20. Rouvier Celestino, San Miguel 2. Ruiz Jer6nimo. Aramburo 9. Ruiz Jose, Luz 37. TOBACCO EXPORTERS. Bances J. A., Industria 132. Beck, C. E. Bosselman y Schroder. Broderman F. H. Carvajal y Cia. Clay Bock y Cia., O'Reilly 9J^. Gener Jose, Principe Alfonso 7. Looft William y Cia. Mayoz Miguel. Neuhaus Neumann y Cia. Ordetx Julio. Upmaun H. y Cia., Reina 159. UNDERTAKERS AND UNDERTAKERS' SUPPLIES. Algamora Dolores, Concordia 35. Ayala Joaquin, Jesus del Monte 258. Caballero F., Zanja 89. Camp Serapio, Gloria 67. Casanova Patrocinio, San Miguel 72. Fernandez Jose B., Virtudes 63. Gomez Francisco, Soledad 4. Guillot Ricardo, Aguiar 72. Gutierrez Alejandro, Estrella 109. Gutierrez Fe ipe, Maloja 195. Gutierrez Jose, Bernaza 27. Hernandez Enrique, Belascoain 70. Herrera Antonio, Cerro 715. Infanzon Matias, Lamparilla 90. Lopez Pio, San"Jose"26. Lopez Serapio, Pocito 4. Lozano Leandro. Marin Ricardo, Empedrado 57. Mesa Angel, Genios 25. Meta M. y Cia., Division 3. Perez Antonio, Suarez 126. Rivera A. y Cia., Jesus del Monte 262. Urrutia y Cia. Valverde Francisco, Aguacato 136. WINE AND LIQUOR IMPORTERS AND DEALERS. Andujar Antonio, Obrapia 10. Arrayazo B. Brocchi Juan. Casas M. Fornaguera C. D. Fregenal Juan de D., San Nicholas 45. Garcia y Trascatro. Gil Francisco. Mufioz Manuel y Cia., Mercaderes 34. Parejo J. M., Baratillo 6. Rabasa Jose, Santa Clara 4. Ramos y Hno., Oficios 68. Ruiz Barreto M., Lamparilla 19. Santiago Antonio, Cuba 86. Seijo Hnos., Oficios 13. Trespalacios y Aldab6. Vega Diego y Cia., Belascoain 88. Vilas Manuel, Lamparilla, 34, Vifia La, Compostela 114. SANTIAGO DE CUBA. BAKERIES AND CRACKER FACTORIES. Blanco Hnos., San Juan Nepomuceno 17. Blanco Hnos., Trinidad Baja 35. Borrell y Diego, Carniceria Baja 34. Domenecb P., Trinidad Alta 11. Filgueira Benito San Francisco Alta 11. Gir6 Miguel, Heredi i Baja 16. Gonzalez y Primo, Enramadas 19. Merl6 y Rita, Sto. Tomas Baja 58. Miret Antonio, San Tadeo Alta 19. Otero y Primo, Enramadas Alta 42. Perez y Matjo, San Basilio Alta 33. Puig Jorge, Enramadas Alta 109. Rifa y Hnos., San Basilio Baja 50. Sarabia y Hno., San Tomas Baja 44. . Setien y Primo, San Tomas Baja 44. Setien Antonio, Marina Baja 13. BANKS AND BANKERS. Abascal y Cia., Marina Baja 44. Badell y Cia., Enramadas Baja 45 y 47. Banco Espafiol de la Habana, Marina Baja 10. Bosch y Cia., San Jer6nimo. Brauet y Cia., Marina Baia 38. Brooks y Cia., Cristina Alta 3. Bueno Jose y Cia., Cristina Baja 4. Cendoya Julian, Cristina Baja 5. Cuevas P., Marina Baja 33. Inglada y Cia., Gallo 1 y 3. Mas y Cia., Enramadas. Meteos, Rosi y Cia., San Juan Nepo muceno esqa. San Jer6nimo. Ros Eligio y Cia., Marina Baja 34. Saenz y Cia., Sucesores de Marina Baja 1. Schumann y Cia , Cristina Alta 9. Molinas Gabriel, Enramadas Baja 9. Sola Gabriel, Nepomuceno Alta 16. BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS. Aders y Cia. Gutierrez y Hnos. Irigoyen Jose, Enramadas Baja 4. L6pez y Cia. Mestre Bartolome, Enramadas Baja 4, CHOCOLATE MANUFACTURERS. Blanco Hnos., Trinidad Baja 65. Borrell y Diego, Carniceria Baja 34, BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 189 SANTIAGO de CUBA— Continued. Domenech P. y Cia., Trinidad Alta 9. Filgueira Francisco, San Francisco Alta 11. Gir6 Miguel, Heredia Baja 16. Gonzalez y Primo, Enraniadas Alta 21. Merio y Rifa, Santo Tonias Baja 58. Miret y Brera, San Tadeo 19. Otero y Primo, Enramadas Alta 42. Perez y Majo, San Basilio Alta 31. Puig Jorge, Enramadas Alta 109. Rifa y Hnos., San Basilio Baja 50 y 52. Rignal Pelegrin, San Francisco Alta 21. Sarabia y Hno., Santo Tomas Baja 44. Setien y Erimo, Santo Tomas Baja 75. Setien Antonio, Marina 15. CIGAR AND CIGARETTE MANUFACTURERS. Fabre Bartolome, Gallo 26. Ferreras Modesto, Vargas 43. Massana A. y Cia., Marina Baja 37. Mestre y Mestre, Ramun, Enramadas Alta 17. Negro Libre El, M9£ina Bala 48^ Polanco Camps y Cia., Providencia Alta 8. Rovira y Guillaume, San Basilio 71. Yofre Hnos. Gallo 49. CIVTL ENGINEERS AND SURVEYORS. Acosta Marcos, Bell Baja 40. Medero Pedro, Echevarria Baja 7. Romero Silverio, Dunany Baja 29. Valverde Onofre, Trinidad. COFFEE PLANTERS. Bueno y Blanco Eligio, San Basilio 61. Peznela Juan Manuel de, San Basilio 10. Salazar y Alvarez Lino San Tadeo 12. Villaldn y Bory Luis, San Francisco Alta 10. COMMISSION MERCHANTS. Abascal y Cia., Marina Baja 44. BadettyCia., Enramadas Baja 45. Brauet C. y Cia., Marina Baja 28. Brooks*y*©ia., Cristina Baja 3. Bueno J. y Cia., Cristina Baja 4. Brugal Sobrino y Cia., 'Marina Baja 37. Cendoya Julian. Cristina 5. Cuevas J., Marina Baja 33. . *~- Duran y Cia., Cristina Alta 4. Eguiiior Jose Maria, Marina Baja 50 y 52. Ferrer y Espin, Marina Baja 30. Fintore Federico, San German Baja 18. Hill y Cassas. Inglada Arturo y Cia., Apartado de Correos 12. Irigoyen Jose. Mateos Bori y Cia., San Jeronimo Bos Eligio y Cia,, Col6n Baja 34. Saenz Claudio G. y Cia., Cristina 1. Schumann y Cia., Cristina Alta 9. CONFECTIONERY MANUFACTORIES. Bas C. y.Cia., Velazquez Alta 4. Fabre'y Cia., Cal vano Alta 2. Misser Jos6, San Agustin Alta 3. Prados y Cia., Calvario Alta 2. dentists:' Arce Ignacio, Velazquez Alta 18. Diaz Villelon Enrique. Flamant Eugenio, Rubalcaba Baja 3. Nicole Eugenio, Paz del Zanjon Alta 1. Pizarro Antonio, Quintana Baja 4. Dr. Ferrer. DISTILLERIES. Bacardi y Cia., Marino Baja 32. Campo E. y Cia., Enramadas 58. Crosi Mestre y Cia., Marina Baja 40 y 42. Planas Manuel, Catedral Baja. Rovera y Guillaume, Marina Baja 71 y 73. " -""•- DRUG STORES AND PHARMACIES. Milan Miguel, San Tadeo 57. Morales Osvaldo. Norma Angel, Calvario Alta 2. Ortiz Manuel Planas. Padr6 Jaime, Enramadas Alta 29. Padr6 Tomas, Santo Tomas 65. Ramirez Juan Bautista, Carniceria. Ramirez. Rafael, San Francisco esqa. a Carniceria. -** - San Rafae1, Gallo esqa. San Francisco. Trenard Teobaldo, Marina Baja 26. Arce Federico, Enramadas Baja 2. Bottino Luis Carlos. Causse Emilianp, Santo Tomas Baja 5. Comercio El, Ddttay Espinosa. Grimany Federico. Guerrero Antonio M. Martinez Alfredo, Gallo 55. - ¦ DRY .GOODS BTngHjS... . . Aleas Rodrigo, Enramadas Alta 1. Arabity y Aja, Nepomuceno Baja 9. Arrufat Hnos., San Tadeo 13. Barnet Jose, Calvario Baja 1. Brasse y Hnos., Quintana Baja 9. Camps Salvador, San Tadeo 17. Canedo y Cia., Nepomuceno Baja 10. Castro y Cia., Sagarra Baja 4. Feliu R. y Cia., Sto. Tomas 4. ¦ - Ferro J. y Cia., Sto. TomasMs' Gene Rafael, Esmeraldas Altas 3. Hill y Casas, Enramada Alta 7. Llovera Clara, Col6n Baja 19. Magrans A. y Cia., Gallo 33. Martinez y Cia., San Jeronimo Alta 4. Mateos Bori y Cia. Ochoa Maria, San Francisco 55. 190 CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. SANTIAGO de CUBA— Continued. Planas Manuel, Quintana Baja 10. Rovirosa Monserrat, Gallo 39. Sanchez y Cia. Sanchez Hnos., Santo Tomas Baja 14. Serra Massana y Cio., Santo Tomas Baja 21. FIREARMS. Duran Jose, San FSlix Baja 29. Galiano Pedro, Gallo 4. Moumas Juan, Gallo 2. FLOUR IMPORTERS. Badell y Cia. Cuevas y Cia. Ross y Cia. Schumann y Cia. Julian Cendoya. FURNITURE MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS. Aguila Manuel. Beola Miguel. Casal Enrique, San Francisco Baja 2. La Barcelonesa, San Francisco Baja 11. Velet Santiago, Marina Baja 16. GROCERIES, WHOLESALE. Abiscal y Cia., Marina Baja 44. Badell y Cia., Saco Baja 37. Brugal Sobrino y Cia., Marina Baja. Coudine Ernesto, San Jer6nimo 34. Duran J. y Cia., Cristina 3. Eguilior Jos§ Maria, Marina Baja 50 y 52. Ferre y Espin, Cristina Alta 1. Fons Viuda de Pedro, Marina Baja 46. Lescaille Grimani y Cia., Marina Baja 45. Miret y Crespo. Monteavaro y Cia., Marina Baja 36. Planas Manuel. Ros Eligio y Cia., Marina Baja 34. Trillus y Cia., Marina Baja 28. Vidal Asbert Jose, Matadero Viejo 88. HABERDASHERY. Gen6 Manuel, San Tomas 1. Marti Divi y Cia., San Juan Nepomu ceno 31Va. Mestre Bartolome, Enramadas 6. Panellas P. y Cia., Marina Baja 2. Perez Dubrull E., Santo Tomas 17. Sirgo Antonio. Vialatte Ana, San Francisco Baja 55. Arroya Alonso y Cia., San Juan Ne pomuceno. Castillo y Suarez. Fuertes Goya y Cia., San Francisco Baja 9. HARDWARE STORES. Brauet 0. y Cia., Marina Baja 38. Camps Bandillo, San Francisco Baja 12. Font Pablo y Cia., Calvario Alta 4. Inglada, Arturo y Cia., Gallo 1 y 3. Llovet Boix y Cia., San Francisco Baja 2. Marques, Hnos. y Cia., Marina Baja 29. Soler y Francoli. Vifias y Parram6n. HAT MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS. Arias Manuel Santo, Tomas Baja 16. Balat Domingo, Enramadas Alta 1. Cat al a y Costa, Sebastian Santo Tomas Baja 8. Llamas Agapito, S. Francisco Baja 10. Pena Ram6n, Vargas 11. Riera Joaquin, Gallo 37. HOTELS. Hotel Hispano-Americano, Mariana Baja 26. Hotel del Telegrafo, Enramadas Baja 32. Vapor El, Barracones 1. INSURANCE COMPANIES. FIRE. Atlas Fire and Life, Marina Baja 44. Commercial Union, Enramadas Baja 37. Guardian Assurance Co., San Juan Nepomuceno Baja 6. Hamburguesa-Bremesa, Morina Baja 31. Helvetia, San Juan Nepomuceno y San Jer6nimo. London Assurance Corporation, Cris tina Alta 3. North British and Mercantile, Jan Juan Nepomuceno Baja 6. Norte Germanica, San Juan Nepo muceno Baja 6. Northern Assurance Company of Lon don and Aberdeen, Cristina 3. Phoenix, Marina Baja 29. Royal Assurance Co., Marina Baja 28. Scottish Union and National, Marina Baja 50 y 52. Underwriting and Agency Association, Ltd., Marina Baja 33. MARINE. Mateos Bory y Cia., San Juan Nepo muceno Baja 6. Schumann y Cia., Cristina Alta 9. LIFE. Equitativa (La), Enramadas Baja 9. New York Life Insurance Co., Calvario Baja 11. Washington (La), Cristina Alto 3. JEWELERS AND WATCHMAKERS. Anders Luis, Santo Tomas Baja 1, BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 191 SANTIAGO de CUBA— Continued. Baucerde Federico, Santo Tomas Baja 11. Bu tillo Ram6n, San Jer6nimo Baja 5. Gramaghes Daniel, Enramadas Alta 11. Justiz Alfredo, Enramadas Alta. Panchin Luis, Enramadas Alta. Poveda Antonio, Enramadas Alta 21. Poveda Luis, San Juan Nepomuceno Baja 2. laundries. Alvarez Nicolas, San Francisco Baja 10. Habaneros Los, Gallo 19. Rodriguez M., Enramadas Baja 29. Brioso Francisco, San Felix, Baja 34. Diaz Antonio Camilo, San Jer6nimo Alta33H- Echevarria Lhnonta Luis, San Basilio Alta 19. Gracia Jose. Planas Jose, Santo Tomas Alta 12. Reguciferos Erasmo, Carniceria. Salcedo Antonio, San Basilio Alta 11. LUMBER YARDS. Cardona Pablo, Sta. Cristina Alta 13. Herean Honos., Cristina 12. GENERAL STORES AND GROCERIES. Castillo y Cia., Quintana Baja 1. Coudines Ernesto, Gallo 29. Fernandez Paulino, Carniceria Alta 19. Lluhi Francisco, Vargas 41. Mas Luis, Muiioz del Monte Alta 17. NEWS AGENCY. Irigoyen Jose, La Equidad. NEWSPAPERS. Boletin Oficial de la Provincia, Enra madas Baja 32. El Boletin Eclesiastico, Catedral Baja 1. La Bandera Espafiola, Marina Alta 4. La Patria, Manna Baja. PHOTOGRAPHERS. Bavastro Hnos., Hospital 2. Desquiron Antonio, San Jer6nimo Baja 8. Perez N., Santo Tomas 8. Sierra Miguel, San Felix 4 y 6. PHYSICIANS. Arnaz y Vera Desiderio, San Bartu lome 17. Bish§ Jose, Enramadas Alta 14. Biioso Miguel, San Felix Baja 34. Caminero Enrique, Catedral. Carbonell Federico, Santa Rita 35. Cros Ram6n, Santo Tomas Baja 37. Gracia Alfredo, San Francisco 49. Guimera Urbano, Enramadas 6. Hartman Stadeo Felipe C, Catedral Alta 13. Jimenez Manuel, Santa Lucia Alta 17, Miyares Miguel, San Pedro Alta 3. Portuondo Luis Felipe, Santa Lucia Alta 18. Reyes Zamora Antonio, Calvario Baja 2. Roger Alejandro, Santa Rita Baja 20. Ros Pochet Eduardo, Marina Baja 5. Rosillo Fernando, Santo Tom&s Baja 26. Salazar Manuel, Santa Lucia Alta 2. Vilargell Gerardo, Catedral Alta 1. CastiUo Joaquin. PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHIC ESTAB LISHMENTS. Alonso Facundo, Saco Baja 20. Coll Antonia, Heredia Baja 14. Diaz Gabriel, Gallo 10. Diaz Pedro, Gallo 57. Guia Joaquin, Enramadas Baja 25. La Bandera Espaiiola, San Bartolome' 17. Lopez Jose, Gallo 2. Mestre Bartolome, Enramadas Baja 6. Morales Manuel, Euramadas Baja 32. Ravelo Juan E., Marina Baja 4. SADDLERIES AND HARNKSSMAKERS. Comas Juan. Carona Benigno, Enramadas Baja 30. Flaquer y Cia. Gonzalez Emilio, Santo Tomas 124. Gonzalez Francisco, Santo Tomas Baja Leyfa Manuel, Enramadas Baja 25. Maseab6 Francisco, Santo Tomas Baja 95. Reyno Jos6, Gallo 61. Rio y Cia., Rani On del. Roig Enrique, Gallo 29. Toledano Abraham, Pazo del Rey. SEWING MACHINE AGENCIES. Flaquer v Cia., Santo Tomas 12. Rio y Cia., San Juan Nepomuceno 5 y 7. Valiente Ricardo,. SHIRT MAKERS. Carbonell Jose, Quintana Baja 9. Castillo y Suarez, Sagarra Baja 3. Cobian Pedro, Velazquez Baja 14. Corredor y Hnos., Velazquez Baja 13. Gener Rafael, Saco Alta 3. Lafuente Benito, Vargas 15. Magrans y Cia., Quintana 3 y Gallo 35. Ochoa Maria, Sagarra 53. Pages Antonio, Vargas 15. 192 CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. SANTIAGO de CUBA— Continued. Palomo y Rubio, Velazquez Baja 15. Perez Jose, Saco Baja 14. Planas y Cia., Saco 2. Robert Jose, Vargas 66. Rodriguez Isidor, Sto. Tomas Baja 5. Sire Juan, Saco Baja 19. Socias Manuel, Gallo 31. Soler Sucesores de, Rubalcaba Baja 66. Tita Agustin, Vargas 44. SHOE MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS. Arias Ci i-t6bal, Gallo 15. Arr.ifat Hnos., PI. de los Dolores. Buyren y Cia., San Francisco B.ja 13. Calini Jose\ Colon Alta 2. Campo y Cia., Gallo 43. Casamayor Juan, Sa^o Baja 56. Coll Hnos., Enramados Altas. Comas Juan, Sto. Tomas Baja 6. Cortina Ram6n, Gallo 91. Flaquer Gabriel, Sto. Tomas Baja 12. Godoy Felipe, Sagarra Baja 7. Mayan Luis, Gallo 51. Mirabent y Cia., Enramados Altas 4. MontaDe y Cia,, Enramadas Baja 4. Palacios Francisco, Vargas 39. Rio Hnos., San Juan Nepomuceno Baja, Romero Elena, Gallo 38. Sanchez Juan, Gallo 33. Soler Jer6nimo, Gallo 38. Yero Jose, Colon Baja 48. SILVERSMITHS. Anders Luis, Santo Tomas Baja 15. Armas Antonio, Santo Tomas Baja 11. Calvo Bernardo, San Tadeo 47. Casadesus Pedro, San Tadeo 15. Pefia Mariano, San Juan Nepomuceno Alta 4. Rev Jose, Santo Francisco Baja 6. Yeras Pedro, Nepomuceno Baja 4. SOAP AND CANDLE MANUFACTURERS. Bermudez Hfirmida, Paseo de la Concha. Misser Jos6, San Agustin 3. Vidal y Albert Jose, Matadero Viejo 88. STEAMSHIP AND SHIP AGENCIES. Abassal y Cia., Marina Baja 44. B.auet C. y Cia., C Ion Baja 38. Brooks y Cia., Cristina 3. Bueno Jose y Cia., Cristina 4. Cendoya Julian, Cristina Baja 5. Cuevas J., Marina Baja 33. Gallego Messa y Cia., Cristina Alta 2. Inglada y Cia., Gallo 1 y 3. Martinez Badell Gabriel, Cristina Alta 3. Saenz y Cia., Sucesores de, Cristina 1. Schum inn y Cia,. Cristina Alta 9. Tintore Frederico, Sagarra Baja 8. TAILORING ESTABLISHMENTS. Beltran Magin, Vargas 17. Bra so Hno, y Cia., Galio 42 y 43, Carbonell Jose, Qintana Baja 9. Castillo y Suarez, Sagarra Baja S. Cobian Pedro, Santo Tomas Baja 14. Corredor y Hnos. Velazquez, Baja 13. Fi ia Agustin, Enramadas Alta 44. Gener Rafael, Saco Alta 3. Lafuente Benito, Vargas 15. Magrans y Cia., Gallo 35. Ochoa Maria, Sagarra 53. Pages Antonio, Vargas 15. Palomo y Rubio, Velazquez Baja 15. Perez Jose, Enramadas Baja 14. Planas y Cia., Enramadas 2. Robert Jos6, Vargas 66. Rodriguez Isidoro, Velazquez Baja 2. Sire Juan, Saco Baja 19. Socias Manuel, Gallo 31. Soler Sucesores de, Rubalcaba Baja 66. Vaillant Silvestre. TANNERIES. Arias y Boilleau, Punta Blanca y Vista Hermosa. Soler Jer6nimo, Cristina Alta 17. . UNDERTAKERS AND UNDERTAKERS' j SUPPLIES. 5 Bravo y Correoso Eligio, San Felix Baja. , Casamor Justo, Enramadas Alta 13. Corona Benigno, Jaquey 19. Ruis Luis Felipe, Enramadas Alta 15. VETERINARY SURGEONS. Crombet Alejandro, Po. de la Concha. Chaguaceda Ricardo, Pozo del Rey 103. Hernandez Rufino, Gallo 147. Lageire Bernardo, Matadero Viejo. Mauriset Gustavo, Pozo del Rey 90. Serro Pedro, Po. de la Concha. Ven Felix, Callejas 106. MATANZAS. BANKS AND BANKERS. Amezaga y Cia., Medio 1. Bea Bellido y Cia., Ricla 17. BrinckerhoflE y Cia., Contreras 16. Dubois y Cia., Contreras 5. Sucursal del Banco Espafiol; Abancino Tomas, agent O'Reilly 29. BOILER MAKERS. Garcia Velazco, Tirry 10. Mach y Muntanek Juan, Tirry 18. BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS Albuerne Manuel, Ricla 41. CarreSo Ceferino A., Ricla 27. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 193 MATANZAS— Continued. Moreno Gumersindo, Ricla 29. Rodriguez y Cia., Ricla 55. Soles Paulino, Gelabert 29. BUILDING MATERIALS. Amezaga Garcf. y Cia., Tirry 12. Galindez y Aldama, A. Canimar 4. Zabala Jose, Gelabert. CIGAR AND CIGARETTE MANUFACTURERS. Blanco Juan, Dos de Mayo 34. Fernandez y Menendez, Ricla 23. Fernandez Bernardo, O'Reilly 16. Gavilan Gumersindo, San Rafael 71 Gonzalez y Alvarez J., Ricla 9. Herrera Andres, Magdalena 8. Lombana Luis, Ricla 138. Torre Domingo de la, Tirry 45. CLOTH MERCHANTS. Garcia Llano y Cia., Ricla 3. Sanchez J. M. y Cia., Ricla 8. Zaballa y G6mez, Ricla 7. COMMISSION MERCHANTS. Amezaga Garcia y Cia., Tirry 12. Bea Bellido y Cia., Ricla 17. Brinckerhoff y Cia., Contreras 18. Castanet- Joaquin, Santa Teresa 19. De Costa John J., Contreras 18. Dubois y Cia.. Contreras 5. Galindez Aldama y Cia., Canimar 4. Geerken Luis, Matanzas 20. Heidegger y Cia., Contreras 30. Lavin Gumersindo, Manzano 60. Lopez Florencio, San Juan 39. Marquez Fernando, Dos de Mayo 56. Sacerac P., Contreras 5. Vigo Celestino, Santa Cristina 25. CROCKERY AND GLASSWARE. Ampudia y Fuentes, Ricla 88. Foya MoreDO y Cia., Ricla 1Q. Menendez y Cia., Ricla 28. DENTISTS. A.rmera Jose D.. Manzano 98. < Bonelli y Zayas Isidore, O'Reilly 78. Carnot Alfredo, Contreras 44. Gordon Ricardo, Gelabert 71L£. Llorach Pablo J., Ricla 95. Raffo Carlos W., Contreras 42. Trelles Manuel B., Manzano 114. DISTILLERIES. Echarri y Sobrino, Juan Bautista 2. Garcia Amelia, Velverde 13. Llano Faustino A., Comercio 11. Perez Josefa, Manzano 18. Pons Pedro y Cia., Canimar 2. Sainz Jos6 y Cia., San Ambrosio 2. Sanchez Manuel, Ofia 6. Senespleda Calbeta, Tirry 68. Sierra y Cia., Santa Isabel 6. DRUG STORES AND PHARMACIES. Andux Roberto S., O'Reilly y Mante- cueda. Artiz Mariano C, Sta. Teresa 23. Arzanegui Angel, Ofia 33. Betancourt Antonio, Daviz 94. Echemendia Alejandro Ferreiro Joaquin, Am6rical6. Frislet Ernesto, Gelabert 49. Ginoulhiac Eugenio, O'Reilly 42. Lage Benito. Lecuona Domingo, Ricla 123, Lluria y Cia., Cuba 24. Losada Joaquin, O'Reilly 42. Marchena Diego, San Carlos. Martinez y Casado, Manzaneda 17. Molins Emilio, San Pedro. Quesada N., Contreras 95. Roca Jos6. Tirry 65. Russinyol y Cia., San Juan de Dios 35. Triolet Ernesto, Gelabert 49. Zanetti Antonio B., Ricla 15. Zanetti Santiago, Sta. Teresa 23. DRY GOODS STORES. Alvarez y Arias, PI. del Mercado. Alvarez y Gonzalez, PI. del Mercado. Alvarez Benito, PI. del Mercado. Alvarez Segismundo, Cuba 19. Alvai ez Victoriano, Pi. del Mercado. Angulo y Blanco, San Ambrosio 32. Balanzitegui Bruno y Cia., Ricla 80. Barquin Juna, Calzada Tirry 90. Barrera Jos6 Maria, Cuba 20. Beade Pedro, PI. del Mercado. Cabanas Juan, PI. del Mercado. rjabeza Ramon, Gelabert 67. Diaz Jenaro, San Juan de Dios 27. Elizondo Ram6n, Ricla 39. Escandol y Coral, Contreras. Fernandez Antonio, Ricla 70, Fernandez Cia., Vice te y Gelabert 87. Fonseca Juan, Ricla 61. Garcia Jose, Gelabert 114. Garcia Fernandez Jose, Cuba 16. Gutierrez y Garcia, Gelabert 58. Haza Benigno, Ricla 69. Laude Amable, PI. del Mercado, Linares Roig., Ricla 36. Luis Domingo, O'Reilly 53. Llanes Regino, PI. del Mercado. Mora y Mori, America 7 y 9. Nufiez Emilio, Ricla 126. Penzol y Hno., O'Reilly 110. Perez Hno., Cuba 22. Perez Bernardo, San Antonio 23. Perez Ram6n, PI. del Mercado. Pondal Rosendo, Ricla 57. Rodriguez y Hno., Zaragoza Hi. Sanchez A., Gelabert 15. Tamargo Carlos, Cuba 38. Torre Bernardo de la, Gelabert 72, Villodas y Angulo Jose, PI. del Mer cado. 194 CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. MATANZAS— Continued. DYEING ESTABLISHMENTS. Gonzalez Anselmo, Vera 75. Lazcano y Cia., Jovellanos 44. EXPRESS AGENCIES. Llorente J., Gelabert 13. Morejon Dionisio, Ayuntamiento 16. FIRE INSURANCE AGENCIES. Liverpool, London y Globe, Contreras North British and Mercantile, Gelabert 08. Phoenix Fire Office, O'Reilly 19. Sun Fire Office. FURNITURE MANUFACTURERS AND DEAL ERS. C itareche Lorenzo y Cia., Tirry 74. La Gran Via, Rio 113. Ozores Jose y Cia., Ricla 64. Pena Matias, Dos de Mayo 62. Rosell Marcial, Ricla 51. Servia S. Hno., Juan de Dios 82. Venero Casimiro, Medio 106. WHOLESALE GROCERS. Alvarez Hnos. y Cia., Ricla 119. Amezaga y Cia., Ricla 1. Bea Billido y Cia., Ricla 17. Bernales Jose, Cuba 18. Boa da y Cia., Tirry 66. Cafiizo y Cia., Medio 145. Conte Manuel, Cuba 36. Fernandez y Martinez JosS, Pavia 3. FernaDdez Jose Maria, Ricla 30. Martinez y Burcet, Ricla 105. Miret Hno. y Gofii, Gelabert 3. Otiz Angel, O'Reilly 112.' Pons e Hijo B , Tirry 76. Pirez Blanco Jos6, Gelabert 109. Sola ana A. y Cia., Magdalena 1. Suris J. y Cia.. Ricla 14. Tabarga Victoriano, Ricla 2. HABERDASHERY. Vila A. y Cia., Ricla 62. Roy Jaime, Ricla 36. HARDWARE STORES. Alegria Santiago, Matanzas 3. Amezaga & Cia., Ricla 1. Bea Bellido y Cia., Ricla 17. Fernandez Sim6n, Area de Noe. Iturraldo Eugenio y Cia., Dos de Mayo 8. Menendez y Cia. Uria L y Cia., Ayll6n 12. Urrecha y Hno., Dos de Mayo 32. HAT MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS. Campa Manuel, Dos de Mayo esqa. a Cuba. Campo Eduardo del Tirry 30. Fernandez Bernardo y Cia., Ricla 23. Fernandez Antonio, Ricla 87. L6pez Manuel, Medio 39. Migoya Ram6n, Dos de Mayo 30. Obeso Francisco, Cuba 38. PSrez Angel, Jovellanos I. Rodriguez A. y Cia., Cuba 26J& Vina y Mufioz Jose, Amenca 11. Benavides Rafael, Magdalena 7. Diaz Marcelino, Gelabert 41. Escalante Juan, El Louvre, Gelabert 56. Fernandez y Muniz, Contreras 64. Gracia Antonio, Ayllon 19. Gonzalez Garcia y Cia., Hotel Frances, Tirry 40. Lledias Tacundo, Las Tullerlas O'Reil ly 1. Rojo Juan, O'Reilly 37. Zabala Lorenzo, Tirry 57. INSURANCE COMPANIES. Commercial Union, Real 1. Hamburg-Bremen. Hamburg-Magdeburger.Helvetia Phoenix, Pinillos 72. Liverpool, London & Globe, Real 24. London and Lancashire, Norwich Union, Real 3. London and Provincial. New York Life Insurance Co., Real 24, Norte Germanica, The Royal. North British and Mercantile, North ern. Sun Fire Office, Real 18. Transatlantica, PI. de Col6n. Washington, Real 18. JEWELERS AND WATCHMAKERS. Cabral Francisco, Dos de^Mayo 5. Carbonell Augustin Dos de Mayo 50. Meza Pablo, Dos de Mayo 19. Ferret Jorge, Ricla 33. Romero Guillermo, Dos de Mayo 9. Santa Cruz Alfredo, Ayuntamiento 9. Santo Ram6n, Ayuntamiento 12. Templei uau Juan, Ricla 20. LAWYERS. Alfonso Juan Bautista, Contreras 5». Almeida Juan R., Gelabert 57. Bar6 Adolfo, Contreras 101. Betancourt Higinio, Gelabert 104. Betancourt Manuel, Manzano 121. Cabarrocas Jose, Manzano 96. Caraballo Enrique, Gelabert 27. Cardenal Teodoro, Santa Teresa 13. Cartaya Eduardo, Gelabert 61. Cuni Carlos, Contreras 73. Davalos Narciso, Ayuntamiento 28. Diaz Vega Francisco, Gelabert 25. Enriquez Francisco N., Manzano 130. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 195 MATANZAS— Continued. Estorino Eusebio Justo, Ricla 63. Font Alberto, Santa Teresa 17. Fortun Luis A., Galabert 81. G6mez Bartolome, Jovellanos 3. Govin Benigno, Contreras 54. Heredia Manuel de Jesus, Jaragoza26, Hernandez Alfredo, Manzano 118. Lamar Melit6n de, Ayuntamiento 20. Lavastida Alvaro, Manzano 50. Lujan Policarpo, Gelabert 20. Llanos Aurelio C. de, Zaragoza 5. Madan Alberto, Contreras 13. Madan Ricardo, S. Alejandro 8. Martinez Filomeno, Contreras 104. Morales Ambrosio, Burriel 2. Navia y Cartaya, Jose Maria Dos de Mayo 72. Palacios Manuel, Ricla 92. Penichet Agustin, Jovellanos 5. Pessino Jos6 A., Gelabert 20. PiquS Baudilio, Burriel 65. Portillo Manuel del, Burriel 129. Rodriguez Fil6meno, Gelabert 79. Vera Manuel de, Rio 5. Verdura Ram6n Contreras 236. Ximeno Ramdn, Contreras 38. LEAF TOBACCO MERCHANTS. Aguirre y Hno., O'Reilly 167. Lombana Cayetano, Gelabert 116. Perez Casimiro, O'Reilly 103. Rosa M de la y Sobrino, Cuba 12. Rosa Manuel, Cuba 14. LUMBER YARDS. Amezaga y Cia., Tirry 12. Galindez A. y Aldama, Canimar 4. Zabala Jose Gelabert. MACHINERY WAREHOUSE. Apolhiario Juan, Merced 158. GENERAL MERCHANTS. Folch y Mas, O'Reilly 55. Pi y Calvert Augustin, San Isidro 12. Rivero Vicente, San Francisco 67. NEWS AGENCIES, Albuerne Manuel, Ricla 41. Barcena Salustiano, Medio 87. Bosch Pedro, Ayuntamiento 23. Mendoza Francisco H., Jovellanos 20. NEWSPAPERS. Aurora del Yumuri, Ricla 29. Boletin Oficial, Ricla 41. Correo de Matanzas, Ricla 55. Diario de Matanzas, Ayuntamiento 15. La Regi6n, Ayuntamiento 9. OPTICIANS. A!varez Garcia y Cia., Ricla 47. Artamendi y Cia., Gelabert 71. Viullcumier Numa, Ricla 31. PHYSICIANS. Betancourt Pedro, O'Reilly 39. Bordenave Juan Pedro, Ricla 96. Casalins Venancio, Contreras 106. Escoto J. G., Contrer;.s 75. Falcon Alfredo, San Juan de Dios 17. Font y Cuesta Anton o, Gelabert. 66. Galup Juan Francisco, Ricla 182. Garcia Ricardo, Contreras 43. Gongora y Pefia Manuel. Contreras 2. Guitart y Burch Miguel, Burriel 13. Hernandez Florencio, Navia 69. Jimenez y Lopez Jose Elias, Gelabert 83. Lecuona Adolfo M., Ricla 130. Madan Domingo L., Contreras 13. Madan Roberto, Contreras 24. Morend Alejo, Militar, Hospital de Santa Isabel. Ortiz Julio. Contreras 36. Pinto Agusrin, Contreras 97. Puig Eligio J., Tirry 81. Querol Prudencio. Manzano 70. Sanchez Quirts Manuel, O'Reilly 116. Sanchez Quiros Pedro, Ricla 113. Tapia Luis, Contreras 63. Tomas Vicente A., Contreras 142. Trelles Jorge A., Manzauo 42. Ulmo Andrfe, Ricla 83. Valdfe Jose A., Sta. Rita 62. Vera Ffilix, Gelabert 122. Zambrana Manuel, Isabel II 17. SADDLERIES AND HARNESSMAKERS. Fosch y Mas. O'Reilly 55. Herrero Domingo, Ricla 31. Martinez Jose, Nueva Regenta. Perez Jose, Rio 60. Rodriguez Jos6, Rio 44. NAVAL STORES. Fernandez Francisco. Manzano 13. Fernandez J., America 18. SHOE DEALERS. Betancourt Francisco, Ofia 5. Escolano Francisco, Cuba 44. Garcia Rani6n, Cuba 90. Gonzalez Francisco, Dos de Mayo 9. Gonzalez Juan, O'Reilly 141. Gonzalez Tomas, Ricla 31. Hernandez Hno. y Cia., O'Reilly 125 Hernandez Jos6 America 16. Hernandez Matias, Dos de Mayo 5. Lopez Juan. S. Luis 43. Soler Francisco, Ricla 48. STEAMSHIP AND SHIP AGENCIES, AmGzaga y Cia., Ricla. 1. Amezaga Garcia y Cia., Tirry 12. Bea Beliido y Cia., Ricla 17. Brinckerhoff y Cia., Contreras 16. Dubois y Cia., Contreras 5. 196 CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. Galindez Antonio, Canimar 1 Suris J. y Cia., Ricla 14. MATANZAS— Continued. Torre Bernardino de la, Gelabert es quina &, Sta. Teresa. TAILORING ESTABLISHMENTS. Alvarez Zapico Manuel, Ricla 80. Campa Antonio, Contreras 56J^. Campa Jenaro, Gelabert 60. Gr6s y Artigas, Ricla 53. Mazon Antonio S., Gelabert 62. Mitjans Eduardo, Ricla 56. Mufioz Miguel, Ricla 66. Ramirez Acosta Jose, Contreras 25. Sanchez Manuel, Contreras 56. TANNERIES. Coallas Pujol y Cia., Zaragoza. Laso Gabriel, San Luis 77J^. UNDERTAKERS' SUPPLIES. Pastor Echevarria N., Daoiz 3. Perez y Rodriguez Jose, O'Reilly 74. Torres Hernandez Miguel, O'Reilly 11 Valderrama y Quibus, O'Reilly 50. CIENFUEGOS. BANKS AND BANKERS Aviles J. y A. Cacicedo y Cia. Castafio e Intriago, Santa Isabel 5. Espafiol de la Isla de Cuba, Argiielles 66 Fowler y Cia. Garcia y Cia. Hartasanchez Cardona y Cia. Hunicke Federico. MeneDdez y Cia. Santa Isabel y San Fernando, Plaza de Armas. Sierra Tomas. Terry Francisco y Emilio. BOILER MAKER. Panza y Maimon Bias, Castillo. CATTLE MERCHANTS. Lung y Cia. Machadq Damian. CIGAR AND CIGARETTE MANUFACTURERS. Alonso y Cia. Avello Sabino. Borges Ventura. Cabrera Joaquin, Santa Clara. Cauto y Garcia Benito, Santa Isabel esqa., Santa Clara. Elias y Cabrera, D'Clouet. Fernandez Serafin, D'Clouet. Fernandez y Cia. Polo Viuda de, D'Clouet. Sanz Pedro Felipe, Bauy6n. Vidal Serra Francisco, D'Clouet. COAL DEPOTS. Castafio y Cia. Ros y Cia., Vives. DENTISTS. Grau Enrique, Hourriutiner Ldpez Vila Diego, Santa Cruz. DRUG STORES AND PHARMACIES. Basarrate Rafael. Bluhme y Cia. Bobadilla Pedro, Paseo de Vives 108. CastiBeira Isidro, San Fernando. Cotera Enrique. Figueroa y Marti Dolores, Santa Cruz y Santa Isabel. Figueroa Leopoldo, Santa Clara 117. Figueroa Rafael, Argiielles. Fon Andrfe. Gonzalez Gil Francisco, Castillo. Leal Juan. Navarro Ezequiel. Novoa Ram6n, D'Clouet. Planas Vives Pedro, San Carlos. Silva A. y Gil, San Fernando 72. Solar Hilario. Terri Jos§, Santa Elena. Vives Manuel. DRY GOODS STORES. Cardona Hartasanchez y Cia., Dolores. Cartino Eugenio. Fernandez Campoamor y Cia. Fernandez Crespo Joaquin, D'Clouet. Fernandez e Hijo Ram6n, D'Clouet. Gonzalez y Hno., Santa Cruz. Gutierrez Isidore, D'Clouet. Martinez y Fernandez, D'Clouet. Palacios J. y Cia., San Fernando. Pumariega Antonio G., San Fernando. Riberol Felix, D'Clouer. Silvestre y Corps, Santa Isabel. Trevilla y Cacicedo, D'Clouet. FIREARMS. Diaz Luis, Buyon. Gradado Andres. FOUNDRIES. Castillo Carlos. Bongon. Clark, D. G., Santa Ana Esqa. Carcel WHOLESALE GROCERS. Aleu Barrero Manuel, San Luis. Alonso y Villar, San Fernando. Alonso y Paez Jose, PI. de Vives. Alonso Manuel y Hno., Argiielles. Alvarez y Llano, Santa Cruz. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 197 CIENFUEGOS— Continued. Alvarez Miranda Jose, Habana. Alvarez Mont Jos6, San Fernando. Arnay Jos6, Castillo. Balbin Candido, Santa Cruz, Baldeiro y Valella, Santa Cruz. Barreiro Juan, Calzada de Dolores. Barrios Eam6n, Cristina. Berebeu y Alba Jos6, Argiielles. Bermudez Nicolas, Santa Elena. Bernal Carlota, Santa Clara. Bobe" Armengol Juan, San Luis. Bodega Sebastian, Col6n. Campoamor Alejandro, Velasco, CarballSs Ram6n, Castillo. Carbonell Sancnes y Claret. Cardona Hartasancbez y Cia., Calza da de Dolores. Casanova Casimiro, Santa Carlos. Castafio 6 Intriago, Santa Isabel. Castillo Gregorio. Castrillon Manuel, San Carlos. Cid Bretafia Jos§, Hernan Cortes. CoJJazo y Rey Andre's, Castillo. Dedina Ricardo. Argiielles. Diaz Meneocal Jos6, Santa Elena. Diaz y Rodriguez Juan, Argiielles. Facastel de Felip Jose\ Santa Cruz. Fernandez y Romero, Col6n. Fernandez Hermenegildo, San Carlos. Fernandez Juan, Amistad. Fernandez y Quintana Sixto, Bouyon. Fonseca y Mariilo Manuel, Cuba. Frias y Partagas Ramon, Santa Cruz. Gandara y Hno., D'Clouet. Garcia y Toro, Cristina. Garcia y Perez Antonio, San Luis. Garcia del Campo Damian, Cristina. Garcia y Cia., Argiielles y D'Clouet. Garcia y Garcia Fidel, Santa Cruz. Garcia del Campo Joaquin, Bouyon. Garcia Jos6 T., Santa Clara. Gomez y Gomez Gonzalo, Argiielles. Gomez Manuel A., C. de Dolores. Gomez Fernandez Pedro, Hourruitiner. Gonzalez Francisco, San Carlos. Gutierrez Jos6, Santa Cruz. Islas Pedro, Santa Cruz. Jollos Jose, San Carlos. Lavin y Gomez, Castillo. Lopez y Rodriguez Manuel J., Castillo. Lopez Cardenas Sebastian, Santa Clara. Maiz Jos6 M., Paseo de Vives. Mantecon Valerio, Santa Cruz. Marifio Felicito, Tac6n. Martinez Trevilla, San Carlos. Martinez Santos y Campos, Santa Clara. Matos Anastasio, Cristina. Mendez y Torres Ignacio. Argiielles. Mendez Maria, San Carlos. Menendez, Manuel, Santa Isabel. Noehea Antonio. Nualles Buenaventura, San Fernando. Osinaga Jose1, Vives y Santa Elena. Oiler Ignacio y Rios, Velasco. Perez Felipe, Argiielles. Perez Jose, Hernan Cortes. Perez Mendez Rosendo, Santa Clara. Perez Vincente, Santa Clara. Pibermis Pedro, Col6n. Planas y Sanchez, Santa Isabel. Pons y Cia., Santa Isabel. Portella Francisco, Santa Clara. Rabasa Patrona de la C, C. de Dolores, Reyes de Puerta Paula, Argiielles. Rivera Caridad, Santa Cruz. Rivero Jos6, Gacel. Rodriguez Antonio, San Carlos. Rodriguez de Castro Diego, Hernan Cortes. Rodriguez Manuel, Bouyon. Rodriguez Valentin, Santa Clara. Salcines Victor. D6rticos. Serrane Manuel, D6rticos. Sierra Tomas. Solano Angela, Castillo. Soler Auspicio, D6r ticos. Soler Juan, Bouyon. Suarez Joaquin, Tac6n. Suarez y Rodriguez Manuel, Santa Elend. Tremols Jos6, San Fernando. Usset Francisco, Gacel. Valdes de Lombana Flora, Cervantes. Vazquez Candido, Santa Cruz. Vega Luis, Argiielles. Villar y Llanes, Joaquin Argiielles. Villar y Pulido. Villar y Roca, Jose D6rticos. HARDWARE STORES. Alonso Jose\ Alvarez Fructuoso. Cabruja y Salcines. Castillo Gregorio. Copperi Antonio. Torres y Cia. Gonzalez y Gaudara. Llovio Jose. Olazcoaga y Sota. Perez y Hno. Perez Lorenzo. Sierra Jestis. Trujillo Carlos J. HAT DEALERS. Alvarez y Ortis Luis, San Carlos. Castrill6n Manuel. Dorrego Benito y Hno., San Carlos. El Incendio, San Fernando 19 . Gonzalez Posada Antonio. Mendez Jose M., D'Clouet. Rodriguez Franco. San Juan Benito, San Fernando. HOTELS. Alemany Luis, ,(La Mascota,11 Argii elles. 198 CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. CIENFUEGOS— Continued. Amigo y Hno., Santa Cruz. Bell6 y Rion, San Fernando. Capetillo Pablo, Santa Isabel. Fernandez Aurelio, Santa Clara. Fernandez Joaquin, Castillo. Francesch Marcelino, Santa Isabel. Rierra Ram6n, Argiielles. Robes Faustino G., Uni6n D'Clouet 17 yl9. Rubio Juan, Castillo. Santos Miguel, "La Am§rica," Santa Isabel. IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS. Castafio Nicolas. Castillo G. Copperio Antonio. Forres J. y Co. Francesch Pons y Cia. Hartasanchez Cardona y Cia. Ovies y Jiminez. Sierra Jesus. Sierra Tomas. Stillman O. B. Velasco y Ruiloba. Villar y Cia. JEWELERS AND WATCHMAKERS. Alvarez Fructuoso. Blanco Garcia Manuel. D' Acosta Antonio. D' Acosta Manuel. Gosthy Alfredo, San Carlos. Gosthy Ulises, Argiielles. Latour R. T. y Cia. Pino Juan G., Argiielles. Sierra Jesus. Solis Manuel, San Carlos. Torres J. y Cia. Verges Vicente, Argiielles. Villa y Cia. LAMPS AND CHANDELIERS. Lopez Pinto Jos§. Perez Vicente y Hno., Santa Cruz. Perez Lorenzo, Argiielles. Turrio Sebastian, D'Clouet. Villar y Cia. Cabrera Rafael, San Luis. Casteneira Antonio G., San Fernando. Curiel Francisco, San Luis. Echamendia Diego Manuel, Santa Elena. Escobar Fernando, Argiielles. Escudero Emilio, Santa Cruz. Fuxa Sebastian, Hourruitiner. Hidalgo Ram6n, Paseo de Vives. Le6n Antonio de, Santa Isabel. Lopez del Olmo Josfi, Santa Cruz. Navarro y Lozas Federico, Paseo de Vives. Pertierra Pedro, San Carlos. Porras, Jose, San Fernando. Romagosa Sebastian, Argiielles. Sanchez Manuel, Santa Cruz. Sotolongo Francisco, Castillo. Suarez del Villar, Manuel. Torriente Joaquin, Santa Clara. Vila Victor, Argiielles. LUMBER YARDS. Castafiez y Cia. Castafio y Cia., San Fernando 5. Garriga Hnos, y Cia. , Paseo de Arango. NEWS AGENCIES. Bordas Enrique, Hourruitiner. Rodriguez Benito, Argiielles 106. PHYSICIANS. Acevedo Lorenzo, Castillo. Cavada Emilio, San Fernando. Frias Jose, San Fernando. Garcia Vieta Gonzalo, Argiielles. Hidalgo Enrique, PI. de vives. Landa Gabriel M., San Carlos. Lay Alonzo, Santa Clara. Marti Joaquin, San Fernando. Mazarredo Frederico, PI. de Vives. Mazarredo Ram6n, Santa Clara. Ortiz Octavio, Hourruitiner. Perna Luis, San Fernando. Pertierra Jose, San Carlos. Suarez Jos§ R., San Fernando. PROVISION IMPORTERS. Avello y Hno. Cacicedo y Cia. Castafio Nicolas. Francesch Pnons y Cia. Hartasanchez Cardona y Cia. Menendez y Monte. Orfila Casero y Cia. Planas y Cornejo. Sanchez Cabruja y Cia. Vega Capetillo y Cia. SADDLERS AND HARNESS-MAKERS. Lozo Adolfo. Rosell6 Pedro. SHOE MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS. Crespo Antonio, Castillo. Echartd e Irabernegaray, Castillo. Fernandez Andrfe, D'Clouet. Fontela JCarlos. Garcia Jose, San Francisco. Hernandez Antonio Dolores. Jimenez Gabriel," Tacon. Martinez Aniceto. Mufioz Andrfe, Argiielles. Rosell6 Gabriel, Dolores. Sarhouet Donato, Castillo. Vilches Antonio, Castillo. Vilches Baldomero. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 199 CIENFUEGOS-Coreimued. SILK STORES. Castillo Gregorio, D'Clouet y Santa Cruz. Rivas Pon Joaquin, Santa Cruz. Torres J. y Cia., D'Clouet 24 y 26. SUGAR EXPORTERS. Abreu Leopoldo G., Santa Clara. Castafio e lntriago. Fowler y Cia., Dorticos. Garcia y Cia., D'Clouet y Argiielles. Guniche Federico, La Mar. Jova, Jos6 Ricardo, Santa Clara. Terry y Cia.. D6rticos. TAILORING ESTABLISHMENTS. Alvarez y Fernandez Manuel, D'Clouet. Riveron Diego, San Carlos. Rueda y Tortosa, Santa Cruz. Valverde Nicolas, Santa Isabel. UNDERTAKERS AND UNDERTAKERS' SUPPLIES. Alvarez y Goiri, San Luis. Pujol Juan. Santa Isabel. COMMISSION MERCHANTS. Cardona Hartasanchez y Cia. Gandara y Hno., D'Clouet. Garcia y Cia., Argiielles. Planas Sanchez, Santa Isabel. Villar y Cia. CARDENAS. BAKERIES AND CRACKER FACTORIES. Balsello J. J. y Cia., Real 16. Ferrauri Gonzalez y Cia., Pinillos 86. Pedemonte y Cia., Pinillos 88. Sarenal y Cia., Cossio 66. Sucursal del Banco Espafiol; Bravo y Rodriguez J. M., manager, Real 11. BOILER MAKERS. Alzurri Fermin, O'Donnell 198. Cueto e Hijo, Pinillos esquina a Calvo. BOOKSELLERS AND STATIONERS. Diaz Suarez Jose, Real 29. Garcia Prudencio, Ruiz 144. Martinez y Cia. J., Real 18. Zabala Jos§, Muelle. Artaza Calixto, Pinillos 66. Cairo Francisco, Real 8. Fernandez Jose Miguel, Real 9. Fernandez de Castro Ventura, Real 14. Rodriguez Viafia Jacinto, Real 12. Segrera de la Ferga Carlos, Pinillos 82. Torre Francisco de la, Ayllon 18. BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS. Darias Morej6n Juan, Jenez 197. Porto Tomas, Real 187. Suarez y Suarez Jacinto, Laborda 52. CARRIAGE AND WAGON MANUFACTURERS. Fe Montes de OeaSEmilio de la, Jenez. Fe Mateo de la y Cia., O'Donnell, Es quina a Saez. Fe Ram6n de la, O'Donnell. CATTLE MERCHANTS. Comas Enrique, Real 122. Cruz Alvarez Francisco, Pinillos. Diego L6pez Fernando, Real. Ferndndez Lino, Matadero. Franco Casimiro, Calvo. G6mez Sanjurjo Miguel, Souverville 155. Gutierrez Campa Francisco, Calvo. Mendez Carlos, Matadero. Nuez JosS C. de la, Mercado 11. Prieto Angel, Real. Rodriguez y Perez, Laborde, 168. Serra Gasto Francisco, Real 110. Valdes Alonso Jose. O'Donnell. CLOTHING STORES. Iribas y Gil Manuel. Lombillo Cia k Manuel. Portillo Alonso del, Laborde 97. Suarez Jacinto, Laborde 52. COMMISSION MERCHANTS. Balsells J. y Cia., Real 16. Mufiiz A., Ayllon y Cosio. Pendemonte y Cia., Pinillos 88. Rabel y Cia., Real 18. Rojas y Bacot, en liquidac 6n, Real 24. Tellado Mayol y Cia., Pinillos 66. Tolfln S. F. y Cia., Hector. Villa Carlos, Real 13. CROCKERY AND GLASSWARE. Alvarez C. y Cia., Real 35. Fernandez Tomas y Cia., Calvo 164}£. Gonzalez y Mori, Real 71. Serrano y Sameza, Coronel Verdugo DENTISTS. Carrefio Jose Maria, Real 37. Garesche Arturo F., Princesa 73. Jimenez Abelardo, Coronel Verdugo 170. Rodriguez Macias Juan, Ruiz 110. DRUG STORES AND PHARMACIES. Barrinat Francisco J., Real 93. Johng Pedro de, Real 44. Herrero y Garcia, Emilio Real 143. Pascual Felipe, Verdugo. Saez Juan Manuel, Coronel Verdugo 91. 200 CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. CARDENAS— Continued. DRY GOODS STORES. Alonso y Hno., Real 91. Alvarez Alejandro, Ruiz 159. Basilio Rosario, Ruiz. Beade Julian, Ruiz 163. Cario Eugenio, Real 113. Cas6 Andres, Verdugo 76. Cas6 Hnos. Andres, Real 147. Diaz MoriegaRam6n, Coronel Verdugo 58. Espenan Fernando y Cia., Coronel Verdugo 83. Fernandez Antonio, Coronel Verdugo 68. Fernandez Bernardo, Coronel Verdugo 108. Garcia Manuel, Real 88. Loredo Ramon R., Real 79. Martinez Palops Lorenzo, Real 119. Pedraja Juan de la, Ruiz 135. Posado Ignacio V., Ruiz 165. Tuiroz Rosalia A., Ruiz 360. Rio Fernandez Manuel drl, O'Donnell. Rugarria Casimiro, Ruiz 145. Suarez Alvaro. Ruis 169. Suarez Manuel, 83. FEED WAREHOUSES. Hernandez Aleman Juan, Real 180. Lorenzo Dominguez Antonio, O'Don nell 68. Soto Jose, Andriani. FOUNDRY. Etchegoyen y Bidegain Pedro, Caridad 187. FRUIT EXPORTERS. Madruga Juan, Ayllon 130. Martinez Celedonio, Ruis 125 y 127. Sanchez y Cia., Callejon de Adriani. Soler y Cia., Laborde 95. WHOLESALE GROCERIES. Alvarez Gregorio, San Juan de Dios 160. Amieva Evaristo. Industria y Caridad. Arango Sobrinos di\ Pinillos 102. Bermudez y Mendez. Pinillos 106. Bermudez Manuel, Pinillos 91. Coto y Alvarez, Laborde 18. Gandarilas y Martinez, Caridad y Velazquez. Honin Verdejo Laureano, Industria 121. Pedemonte y Cia., Pinillos 88. Rodriguez Florencio, Verdugo y Nav arro. Rodriguez Juan, Concha 118. Rueda Emeterio, San Jose 288. Suarez Villazon y Cia., Pinillos 82. Urbistondo y Cia., Ayllon 97. Vega y Estrada, Pinillos 90. HARDWARE STORES. Achaerandio T., Ruiz 151. Alvare . P. y Hno., Real 31. Arrechaederra y Zabaceta, Real 130. Gutierrez Antonio, Ruiz 154. Larrauri Gonzalez y Cia.. Pinillo886. MariboDa Perez y Cia,, Real 1. Otero y Cia., Pinillos 104. Poch Teodoro, Verdugo 89. Ruiz Austri Leandro, Pinillos 96. Serrano y Sameza, Coronel Verdugo 89. Torre y Framil, Real 76. HAT DEALERS. Castro Pedro, Ruiz 155. Fernandez Manuel, Real 75. Ferrero Alfonso, Real 110. L6pez Herminio, Ruiz 145. Solis y Hnos., Verdugo 60. HOTELS. El Leon de Oro Villanueva y Cia., Real 147. La Isla de Cuba, Fernandez y Menen dez, Real 157. La Marina, Rey Vicente, Pinillos 98. IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS. Balsells J. y Cia., Real 16. Fernandez Guillermo, Real 83. Maribona Perez y Cia., Real 1. Pedemonte y Cia., Pinillos 88. Tol6n S. J. y Cia., Hector. JEWELERS AND WATCHMAKERS. Cendoya Juan M., Real 102. Curiel Antonio, Real 117. Martinez Celedonia, Ruiz 125. Mota Augustin, Real 87. Pifiera Leoncio, Verdugo 109. Puig y Puig Segundo, Real 60. Riestra Vicente, Real 73. R6jas Luis, O'Donnell 80. Sanchez y Cia., Callejon de Adriani. Campos Ramirez Lino A. Industria 67. Castro Lajonchere Ernesto, Ayllon 44. Figueras Larzabal Francisco, Laborde 14. Garcia Fabian, Cossio. Gibert Elizondo Jose, Real 105. Gonzalez Acufia Nicasio, Laborde y Cossio. Pascual Argiielles Porfirio, Laborde 18. Perez Manso Dommgo, Real 36. Revert Ontafi6n Eloy, Vives 63. Reynaldos Hidalgo Pedro , Ayll6n 27. Reynaldos Rafael Jose.JAyllon 18. Rodriguez Maribona Benito Jose, La borde 65. Ruiz Sendoya Jose Atanasio, Obispo y Jenez. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 201 CARDINAS— Continued. Saez Medina Jose, Coronel Verdugo y Jenez. Smith Guenard Carlos A., Laborde 39. Smith Guenard Ernesto, Laborde 39. Touceda Gabriel, Cossio 67. Vilarifio Jose Maria, Ruiz. Villageliu 6 Irola Emilio, Real 119. Zamora Martin Pablo, Jenez 160. PRINTING AND LITHOGRAPHING ESTAB LISHMENTS. Imprenta del Diario de Cardenas. Real 42. Martinez J. y Cia., Real 68. Pastafia Federico, Real 34. LEAF TOBACCO MERCHANTS. Asin Diego. Calvo 153. Casana Vicente, Calvo 161. Cueto Sanchez Manuel, Real 142. Fernandez Manuel, O'Donnell 84. Fernandez Manuel O'Donnell 92. Fernandez Pedro, Jener 19. Gonzalez Lino, O'Donnel 96. Rubiera y Cia., Adriani 3. Sanchez JosS, Ruiz 168. Serra Gastos Francisco, Real 105. GENERAL MERCHANTS. AlzugarayLuis, Guasimas. Ayusta Damaso, Ruiz 158. Prindez Jose Manuel, Cantel. Sanchez Varcarcel German, Cantel. San Roman Magdaleno, Guaimas. L'l-bistondo Sobrino y Cia., Ayll6n 91J£ NEWSPAPERS. El Debate, Real 34. El Diario de Cardenas, Real 42. PHOTOGRAPHERS. Busto Juan Gualberto, Labordo 113. Perez Jose, Real 84. Perieta Emilio, O'Donnell 72. PHYSICIANS. Alvarez Ruellan Manuel, PI. de Col6n. Arnaldo Vedirma Juan, Jener 105. Bardega Jose M., Ayll6n 146. Fernandez Alcaraz Valentin, Ruiz 90. Francisco Heira Jose, Vives 93. Gras Jose Velazquez. Gutierrez Quir6s Daniel, Real 191. Hay de la Puente Antonio, Concha. Hevia Julio Emilio, Obispo 56. Hevia t'edro de, Laborde 120. Mendez Capote Fernando, Coronel Verdugo 74. Morena F. Industria 75. Neira Alejandro, Ayll6n 40. Otazo Joaquin, Ayllon 6 Industria. Ros Pochet Luis, Aranguren 34. Saez Dionisio, O'Donnell 91. Saez Pedro J., O'Donnell 72. Smitch Francisco, Laborde 99. Smith Octavio J., Jenez 28. SADDLERIES AND HARNESS-MAKERS. Delgado Perera Somas, Real 151. Gonzalez Sautana Vicente, Ruiz 169. Hernandez Manuel, O'Donnell y Ruiz. Jimenez Miguel O'Donnell 94. Lastro Tom4s, Real 131. Perez Jose, Real 84. SHOE MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS. Alvarez Felix, PI. del Mercado. Diaz Perez Manuel, O'Donnell. Febles Garcia Placido. Conchas 175. Garcia Jose, Coronel Verdugo. Hozo Prieto Jose de la, O'Donnell. Iglesias Manuel, PI. del Mercado. Inclan Robustiano, PI. del Mercado. Inflesto Jose, PI. del Mercado. Juiquendo Dolores, Calvo. Lopezjly Acosta, PI. del Mercado. Martinez Manuel, PI. del Mercado. Oliver Ismael, O'Donnell 76. Osa Jose de la Calvo. Rivas Federico, Real 91 . Sobrevia Silvestre, Coronel Verdugo 99. Socias Mercadal Arnaldo, Real 15. TuainthClaudioB., Aranguren y Ruiz. TAILORING ESTABLISHMENTS. Alvarez Jose, Real 129. Beade Pedro, PI. Mercado. Blanco Jose, Ruiz. Cartaya Juan, Verdugo 105. Costa Abalde Eduardo, Real 65. Diaz Anselmo, Real 116. Framil Sabajanes Benito, Real 111. Gonzalez Bruno. Mantilla Gregorio, PI. Mercado. Martinez Vivanco Juan, Ruiz 137. Mera JosS, Real 106. Milan Jos6, l.eal 49, Portilla Jose, PI. Mercado. Rubiera y Alvarez, Real 108. Salguiro Jesus, Real 121. Suarez y Sobrino, PI. Mercado. TOYS AND PERFUMES. Bonillo Jose, PI. Mercado. Brejan y Granda, Real 29. Garcia Prudencio, Real 83. Leal Ram6n, Verdugo. L6pez Agustin, PI. Mercado. Mantilla Gregorio, PI. Mercado. Marques;Diago Juan, Real 89. Martinez J. y Cia, Real 68. Suarez y Sobrino, PI. Mercado. Vila Ramdn. 202 CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. PUERTO PRINCIPE. CABINET WOOD EXPORTERS. Arag6n Mariano. Era Manuel. CATTLE MERCHANTS. Arango F. Agustin. Cebrian Vega Federico. CLOTHING STORES. Freire Fabio, Mayor 37. Freire Octavio, Soledad 7. Reina Florencio, Contaduria 39. Agramonte Alberto, Mayor 1. Batista Alfredo, Contaduria 55. Betancourt y B., D., Candelaria. Escobar Emilio Batista, San Diego. Parrado Baldomero Soledad 14. Rodriguez Enrique, Alfonso 12. Zayas Bazan Virgilio, San Ita. DRUG STORES AND PHARMACIES. Betancourt Enrique, Comercio 23. Blanco, Alfredo, PI. de Armas. Casas Alfredo de las, Reina 123. Mendez Salustiano, San Ram6n 65. Ramirez Francisco, Reina 56. Socarras Aurelio, Candelaria 30. DRY GOODS STORES. Abascal Fidel, Comercio S3. Alvarez Flores y Cia., Comercio 8. Alvarez Jose Garcia, Soledad 5. Alvarez Vicente, Candelaria 11. Argudin y Sobrino, Viuda de, Comer cio 22J4 Fernandez Lamadrid, Soledad 20. Garcia Alvarez, Candelaria 17. Lopez Francisco, Reina 79. Maribona Hno. y Cia.. Comercio 19. Menendez Bernardo, Candelaria 29. Parnas y Cia. Manuel, Comercio 24. Revilla Manuel, Candelaria, 23. Rodriguez y Hno., Comercio 14. Tamargo y Pardo, Candelaria 24. WHOLESALE GROCERS. Cazares Bias, Contaduria 90. Gonzalez M. y Cia., Reina 60. Gonzalez Cells Juan, Santa Ana 39. Mandre Juan, Soledad 27. Margenats y Bursona. Comercio 2. Mas Marlbena, Reina 89. Rodriguez Isaac, Principe 11. San Martin Eduardo, Comercio 6. Serra Salvador, Candelaria 26. Vilardell R. y Cia., Santa Ana 49. HARDWARE STORES. CasteUo Meliton, Candelaria. Corefuela y Cia., Comercio 5. Garcia E. y Cia., Soledad 19. Gonzalez Marsella y Cia., Reina 58. Marti y Pages, Candelaria 21. Obreg6n y Cia., San Ignacio 2. Rodriguez y Hno. Jose, Comercio 18. Valez Silverio, Comercio 22. Colome Jose, "El Telegrafo," Soledad 16. Lopez Ramon, San Diego 1 1. Segura Jose, " El Oriente," Soledad 8. LAMPS AND CHANDELTERS. Castell6 Melit6n, Candelaria 14. Corejedo y Sobrino, Comercio 15. Fernandez Alejandro, San Ignacio 2. Garcia Alonso Jose, Comercio 28. Garcia Jose y Cia., Candelaria 19. Garcia Hidalgo Josfi, Candelaria lljjj, Gonzalez Si rra y Cia., Reina 60. Lopez y Primo Casildo, Comercio 16. Marti Lauro, Candelaria 21. Parnas y Gonzalez, Comercio 26. Perez Pedro y Cia., Comercio 25. Velez Silverio y Cia., Comercio 20. GENERAL MERCHANTS. Adriano Manuel, Padre Valencia 1. Agosto Antonio, Pobres 57. Asury Manuel, Desengafio 31. Bedoya y Salcedo Angel S., San Diego Bejarauo Jos6, Caridad 58J^. Buscall Simon, Caridad 45. Cal Jaime, Mayor 8. Calvo Domingo, San Esteban 94. Carreras Jose, San Diego 11. Crisillas Lorenzo, Reina 2. Cruz Emilio, San Rafael 69. Curros Joaquin San Diego 25%. Fernandez Cayetano, Merced 19. Fernandez Segondo, San Juan 104. Inclan Antonia. Caridad 5. Lasaga Jose, Gloria 6. Le6n Pedro, San elemente 38. Monzo Felix, Mayor 65. Navarro Miguel, San Diego Canoa. Padr6n Emelino, Caridad 82. Pere Posada Juan, Candelaria 29. Perez Posada Tomas, Mayor 36. Puig Enrique, PI. de la Caridad. Ramirez Mauricio, San Ildefonso 65. Raventos Manuel, Santa Ana 14. Rodriguez Juan, San Ram6n 55. Roig Jos6, Mercedes 14. Serra y Cia., Candelaria 26. Tellerlas Emilio, San Rafael 81. Tio Joaquin. Mayor 15. Verde Antonio, Caridad 35. Villas Jose, Caridad 19. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 203 PUERTO PRINCIPE— Continued. SADDLERS and HARNESS-MAKERS. Bastian Juan Estanislao, Comercio 16. Blay Jose, Comercio 12. Bocne Antonio, Candelaria 20. Lazo Fidel, Mayor 23. Rodriguez y Cia Ceferino, San Pablo 31. Saez Sebastian, Comercio 27. SANTA CLARA. BANKS AND BANKERS. Banco Espafiol de la Isla de Cuba, Sancti Spiritus 47. Garcia C. A. y Cia., Plaza Mayor. BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS. Carrandi Fernando, Col6n. Consuegra Joaquin, Colon. Clua Ignacio. Delgado Fermin. Pentru Marcelino, Buenviaje 8. Perez Joaquin, Col6n. RodriguezEduardo, Col6n. Valdez Moreno Clemente, Maura. Zufiiga Manuel F., Pastora 3. CATTLE MERCHANTS. Cardoso Francisco, San Augustin. L6pez Guillermo, Mercado. Meulener Augustin, San Francisco Ja vier. Rodriguez Rafael, Manicaragua. DRUG STORES AND PHARMACIES. Acosta Jose Federico, Maura 34. Cristo y Cardona Juan, PI. Mayor 11. Oms y Chavez Jesus Maria, Gloria 1. Silva y Lopez Francisco, Maura 57. Torrens y Mesa Miguel A., San Lor enzo 2. DRY GOODS STORES. Anido Francisco J., Maura. Aparicio y Cia., Col6n. Bango y Hno., Parque Central. Blanco Francisco, Maura. Caballero y Cia., Marta Abreu. Calvo Juan C, Maura. Fernandez y Cia., PI. Mayor. Martinez y Cruz, Maura 39. Ortiz Bonafacio, Maura 35. Prieto y Venero, Maura. Rio Godofredo, Maura 33. Sanchez Segundo, PI. Mayor. EGG AND POULTRY MERCHANTS. Alvarez Teodoro, San Agustin. Capull Antonio, Manicaragua. Escudero Pablo, La Cruz. Jimenez Eligio, Candelaria. Mena Jesus, San Juan Bautista. Prado Lopez Ram6n, Maura. Sanchez Juan, San Agustin. WHOLESALE GROCERS. Garcia y Diaz, Colfin. Garcia Marti, San Miguel. Garcia C. A. y Cia., Parque y Buen viaje. Garcia Fernandez R., Santa Clara. Gibele Ram6n, Cuba. Gonzalez del Valle Jose, Sancti-Spir- itus. Gonzalez Miguel y Cia., Seibabo. Le6n y Cornide, San Agustin. Lombardia Pedro, Col6n. Lfipez y Sobrino, Luis Estevez. Lfipez G6mez Carlos, Luis Estevez. Martinez y Romero, Santa Elena. Martinez EugeDio, Santa Elena. Martinez Alvarez, R., San Juan. Martinez Selgas R., Marta Abreu. Mena y Valmaseda, San Juan. Menchaca Domingo, Marta Abreu. Ortiz Jos6 y Cia., Manicaragua. Paris Antonio, Col6n. Planas Raimundo, Sancti-Spiritus. Rodriguez Fernando y Cia., Col6n. Rodriguez Miguel, Manicaragua. Segui I aris Juan, Manicaragua. Sociedad Cooperativa Consumos, Par que y Cuba. Suarez L6pez Ranifin, Baez. Valladares Ricardo, Manicaragua. Vazquez Sixto Jose, San Juan Bautista 37. IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS. Marino Carnicer, Gloria 17, Navarro Ciriaco, Tac6n 120. Pelletier Antonio, Isabela. Ramos Indalecio, Estrella. GUANTANAMO. BUILDERS AND CONTRACTORS. Campan6n Carlos. Domlnguez Francisco. Perez Pablo. Seculy Joaquin. CIGAR AND CIGARETTE MANUFACTURERa Aguilar Dorotea. Aguirre Prudencio. Araujo Juan. Araujo Trinidad. 204 CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. GUANTANAMO— Continued. Callico Jer6nimo. Dorado y Cia. Diaz Francisco. Duarte Manuel. Ferrer Graciano. G. .nzdlez Ram6n. Hernandez Miguel. Lalonda Patrocinio. Rizo Pedro. DRUG STORES AND PHARMACIES. Carcass.es A. Porfirio. Guerra Pedro. Lacavaliere J. y Cia. Sierra Esteban A. DRY GOODS STORES. Alvarez Ram6n. Anguela y Jaeas Pablo, Valdfe y Go bierno. Bertran y Ferrer, Santa Catalina 2. Bertran Magin. Blanco Antonio. Martinez y Cia. Mola Evaristo. Petit y Lomba, Santa Catalina 1. Puig y Cia. Roses y Hnos. FIREARMS. Aguilar JosS. Gamir Pr6spero. Inglada A. y Cia. Jananeaux Aderey Cia., Constantino. Jonauzan Pr6spero. Perez Salvador. WHOLESALE GROCERS. Callico Jer6nimo, Valdfe 2 y 13. Gonzalez Ramfin, Real 2. Jacas y Cia., Valdes 12. Mestre Antonio. Mola y Cia. Pi Juan, Concha, esquina & Gobierno. Roses Hno. y Cia., Real 10 y Valdfe 24. Soler P. y Cia., Valdfe 23. Sol r Esteban. Suarez y Gaulhiac, GENERAL STORES AND GROCERIES. Aguirre Viuda de. Alverez Benito. Araujo Juan. Arce Pedro. Bendicho Perfecto y Cia. Case Jose. Castillo Eloy. Colon y Cia. Colon y Francolt Cueria Jose. Diaz Jose. Diaz Pedro y Hno. Dominguez Francisco. Escardo Pablo. Ferrer Salvador. Ferret Jose. Ferret Juan. Garcia y Rodriguez. Irespando Benito. Lalumy y Jimenez. Lebech Benito. Llesiano Salvador. Llopis P. Pedro. Liu Canuto. Miia Mariano y Cia. Mitjans y Mestre. Obret Andres. Perez Luis. Puente Antonio. Raventos Jose. Rivero Micaela. Rodriguez y Cia. Rubio Manuel. Seisdedo ; Alejandro y Cia. Seisdedos Jose. Seisdedos Meliton. Lim6n Emiliana. Vidal Jose. Vidal Salvador. Zamora Juan B. SHOE MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS. Fuentes Quirino. Linares Miguel. Marti Caridad. Martinez Jose. Perello Jaime. Rios Nicasio, Concha Baja 11. Vicens Ram6n. MANZANILLO. DRUG STOP.ES AND PHARMACIES. Arteaga Alfredo, Cristina 26. Bello Jestis, Real y Sierra. Sendrfis Antonio, San Pedro. Tamayo Jose A., Iglesia 51. DRY GOODS*STORES. Balcells y Diaz, Real 42. Calzada Luis, Real 45. Fajardo y Primo, Cristina 20. Garcia y Miranda Leonardo, Real 43. Granda Baltasar, San Juan y Real. Martinez y Hno., Real 45. Ramirez y Fernandez, PI. del Mercado. Rodriguez Angel, Salas 16. WHOLESALE GROCERS. Aguirre E. y Cia., Marina. Carbonell Mestre y Cia., Angel 65 y San Telmo. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 205 MANZANILLO-Conttmweii. Garcia Joaquin y Cia., Marina 25. Manday Jos6, Comercio 13. Mufiiz J. y Cia., Real y Comercio. Sanchez Jose, Santa Ana 57. /Vazquez y Cia., San Pedro e Igiesia. GENERAL STORES AND GROCERIES. Fuertes Mateo, Real 31. Garcia Ram6n, Comercio 28. Granda Hnos., Campechuela. Iturbe JosS y Cia., S. Pedro. Manday Jose, Comercio 13. Menendez Saturnino, Real 30. Perez y Crespo, Santa Ana 56. Planas Salvador, Real 65. Planas Miguel, Campachuela. Riera Ros Eduardo, Cristina. Rigney J. y Cia., Ingenio T. Sanchez Jose Santa Ana. Sisa Pablo, Real 34. Solis y Cia., Comercio 24. Suero y Llanio, Real. Venecia Jose, Ingenio Esperanza. SHOE MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS. Tamayo Antonio, Real 68. Vazquez Ram6n, San Juan 40. Zacarias Gil Jos§, Vives. BARACOA. DRUG STORES AND PHARMACIES. Beruff Octavio. Columbie Policarpio. Silva N. DRY GOODS STORES. Arco Emilio. Argiielles Adolfo R. Baquero Esteban. Bornot Manuel. Casanovas Ruiz y Cia. Cuervo Ventura. Diaz Nazario. Franciseo y Fernandez. Losada Isolino. Martinez Julian I. Moun6 Sebastian. Portas Paulino. Ruiz y Prades. Riesco Manuel. Rifa Antonio. Santos Cosme. Sierra y Cia. FRUIT EXPORTERS. Garcia Rios, Jos6. Mones y Cia. SAGUA LA GRANDE. COMMISSION MERCHANTS. Amezaga y Cia., Gloria 30. Casa More Condesa Viuda de. Cuevillas Felix. Dubois y Fernandez, Estrella' esqa. Intendente. Firis Fernandez y Cia. Grau y Cia. Larrondo y Cia. Lorenzo J. y Cia., Gloria 48. Llacuna Diego, Misericordia. Maribona Laya y Cia. Mora y Cia., Merced 7. Puente y Torre, Estrella. Radelat y Arena, Gloria. Sostres Modesto. DRY GOODS STORES. Alvarez Jose, Gloria y Tac6n. Arenas J. F., Estrella 35. Bazar iDglfe. Cabezas y Primo, Mercado. Francia, La. Gran Via, La. Isla de Cuba, La. Martinez P. y Cia. Menendez Hno., Gloria 16. Oriental La. Ramos Iadalecio, Estrella 19. Somonte y Vega, Colfin 115. Volcan, El. WHOLESALE GROCERS. Aguirre y Hno. Arenas Mufiagorri y Cia., Gloria. Arostegui y Cia. Bollary Sobrinos. Corrales Hnos. Duvois y Fernandez. Eiri y Fernandez. Gonzalez y Cia., San Elias. Grau y Cia. Noriega y Cia., Tac6n. Puente y Cia., Estrella 27. Radelat y Arenas, Merced. Ramirez Cruz. Torre Eduardo de la. SHOE MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS. Enriquez Antonio, Estrella 35. Leon Kuing y Cia., Tacon 113. Recio Bruno, Real. Santana Gervasio. 206 CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. SUGAR ESTATES. PROVINCIA de la HABANA. AGUACATE. AverifiE Matias, "Averiff." Durafiona Pilar, "Antonia." Pelayo Rosario. Portela Jose Jestis, "Santa Matilde." BAINOA. Aguiar Viuda de. Fernandez Rafael. Ramos Herederos de. CASIGUAS. Maza Juan de la. CATALINA. Casa Romero Conde de, Esperanza. CORRALILLO. Guillen A., "El Arbol de Guernica." GUANABACOA. Arroyo Manuel. Animas 44. Grave de Peralta Jose, Concepcifin 17. Xiqufe Francisco, Cadenas 34. Xiqufe Jose Maria, Cadenas 34. Casuso Hno., "Santa Lucia." Diaz y Piedra Francisco, "Andrea." GUIRA DE MELENA. Diaz y Cia., Concepcion de Pefialver. Hernandez Domingo, Aurora. Zabala Vuida de, Victoria. Barroso y Hno., San Vicente. Belaunzaran Jos6, Aurrera. Delgado Jose S., San Jose. Doringt Ricardo, San Ricardo. Ferrer Luis, San Bias. Garciarena Vicente, Carolina. Gomez C, Porfuerza. JARUCO. Casanova Hermanos, Central Casa nova. JIBACOA. Blanco Jose B., Central Carolina del Norte. Garcia F., San Lorenzo. Marques de Casa Calzerfn, Herederos de, San Juan de Dios. Oviedo, Herederos de, San Jose. MELENA DEL SUR. Gratitud Marques de la. Herrera Jose Mariano. Lacoste Pedro. Pascual Enrique. QUIRICAN. Campo Gabriel, Mi Rosa. Casuso Francisco, San Augustin. Anton Recio Manuel, Santisima Trini dad. PROVINCIA de MATANZAS. AGUICA. Ricabot Enrique, Chilena. ALTAMISAL (GUAMUTAS). Matos Candido, Perseverancia. Melgares Jose, Belfeut. ALTAMISAL (QUANAJAYABO). Castro Ernesto, Alicia. Cortina, Herederos de Juan M., Al- gorta. Diaz Argiielles Carlos, Destino. Moreno de la Torre Gustavo, Union de la Torre. Reynaldos Rafael G., Terseverancia. Torre e hijos Jose Maria de la, Pronti tud. Ulacia Sebastian, Arroyo. BANAGUISES. Lacosta P., Progreso, Sociedad. Mendoza Antonio, Santa Gertrudis. Zulueta Viuda de, Alava, Habana. Hernandez Herederos de, Santa Cata lina. Menendez Jose, Luisa. Terry E., Limones, San Felipe. CERVANTES. Ingenio Espana. Rosa Carlos de la, Tinguaro. CIMARRONES. Bar6 Viuda de, Olimpo. Busto Viuda de, Conformidad. Castafier Sefior, Lima. Cespedes Sefior, Carmen. Conde de San Fernando, Alcancia. Decada Sefior, San Pafio. Dihigo Sefior, Santa Rosa. Galvan Jose, Concepcion. Madan Sefior, La Rosa. Medina y Piloto, Delirio. Real Campifia Marques de, Ceres. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 207 PROVINCIA de MATANZAS— Continued. COLISEO. Martinto Pedro, Perla. CONTRERAS. Delugo Juan P., Santa Rosa. Mir6 Francisco, Dos Hermanos. Progreso Suarez y Ruiz. GUAMUTAS. Acevedo Jose A., Esperanza. Casa Montalro Marques de, Jestis Maria. Delgado Francisco, Santa Gertrudis. Delgado Ram6n, Angelita. Du Quesne Marques de. El Pefion. Garcia Vicente, Carolina. Gfimez Cesareo, Por Fuerza. Herrera Diego, San Jose de H. Herrera Ignaceo, San Luis. Mendoza Antonio G., San Fernando. Mesa Luis A., Guasimal. Perovanio Herederos, San Andre's. Rio Roque del, San Juan. HATO NUEVO. Barroso Tomas, "Andorra." Crespo Sucesores de, "Doloritas." Delgado Francisco, "Angelita." Delgado Jos§ de J., " San Jose." Diego Francisco, " Santa Gertrudis." Herrera y Cardenas "Central San Luis." Morales Vidal, "Telegrafo." " San Fernando." " Santa Gertrudis la Nueva." "Santa Gertrudis la Vieja." Querol Vicente, "Retribuci6n." Ulacia Sebastian, "Favorita." Valdfe Chacon Miguel, "Central Merced." ITABO. Belanzaran Jose, "Auirera." Carb6 Jose, "San Bias." Doringh Ricardo, " San Ricardo." Frau Jose de, "San Jose." Ulacia Sebastian, " Favorite" JOVELLANOS (BEMBA). Carrera Eduardo, " Gratitud." C .rrera Federico, " Caridad." De Cespedes, " Carmen." Fonton y Cia. M., "Trinidad." Gamarena Javier, " Clementina." Garrig6 Roque, " Mercedes." Juantorem Martin, "Carlota." Perez Joaquin, " Soledad." Torriente P. de la, "Amistad." Ugarte Herederos de "Victoria." LA TEJA. Almagro M., " Santa Isabel." Casas A., "jaspe." Du-Quesne Marques de, "Casualidad." Gaitan Emilio, "Deleite." Restay, "Florentina." Valdureso Jose Maria, "Aurora." LAGUNILLAS. Campo Vinda de " Santa Maria." Delgado Francisco, "Carmen." Fernandez Antonio, " Dolores." Ferro R., " San Vicente." Guerrero Antonio, " Santa Maria." Laferte Franrisco, "Merced." Mor6 M. B., " Purisima Concepcifin.' Morgan J., "Santa Agustina." Quian Jose Maria, "Estrella." Reus Pilar S., "Triunfo." Suarez y Ruiz. Torres M., " Santa Rosa." Ulacia Sebastian. AballS Julio, " Maria." Bango y Cia,, " Petrona." Concursado N-, "Mercedes." FrevileMr., "Nieves." Giberga Octario, "Francisco." Gonzalez Domingo, " Maney." Grave Jose, "Sastran." Navarro Bernardo, "Victoria." Ponce Patricio, "Deleite." Sotelo Estanislao, "Triunfo." macaguX. Himely St. B., " Oestiania." Malpica Felipe, " Caridad." Manresa Ponce, " Maria." Rosell Sucesores de, "Aguedita." Zorilla y Jaez, " Dulce Nombre." MONTALVO. Bar6 Salvador, " San Miguel." NAVAJAS. Feijfio J., Arratia. Seuil, Conclusion. PERICO. Altogracia Marques de, Espafia. Mederas Agustin, Chucha. Jisper Aguica, "Flor de Cuba," "Neda, " " Urumec." QUINTANA. Ariosa Vinda de, Armonia. Duefias J. M., Tentativa. Suarez y Ruiz, Carambola. RANCHO DEL MEDIO. Duquesne del Valle Reta, Admiracidn. Fernandez de Castro Ventura, Santa Isabel. Llerandi Facundo, Delirio. Marqueti Antonio, Dolorita. 208 CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. PROVINCIA de MATANZAS— Continued. Meireles del Castillo J. Luis, Union de Oxamendi. Pelayo Felipe de, Esperanza. Peraza Manuel, San Juan. Perez Garcia Andrea, Andrea. Ruiz Hno. y Cia., Eugenia. Secada Joaquin, Antonia. Toraya Pereda y Cia., " Conquista." Ugarte Ambrosio. Ballester Patricio, "Carmen." Carol Hno. y Cia., Santa Rita. CofBgny Eugenio, Santa Catalina. Cortina e hijo Vinda de, Algorta. Perovan Sucesores de, Union. Robrero § hijos Marquesa vinda de, Otofio. Sanchez Salvador Teodoro, Coloso. Ulacia Sebastian, " Amistad," " Heluc- ROQUE. Junco y Castro, San Francisco. Sardifia Cesareo y Prospero, Reglita. SABANILLA DE LA PALMA. Carol Hno. y Cia., Santa Rita. Garcia y Garcia Carlos, Anguila. Hervia y Perez Hnos. , Triunfo. Macia Narciso, Victoria. Ulacia Sebastian, "Amistad," "Capi- tolio." SAN ANTONIO DE CABEZAS. Angles Marcos. Borrell Maximino. Dominguez Ignacio. Garcia Pablo. Cargante Jose. Lopez Villairencio Tefifllo. Morejon Ambrosio. Ormazo Jos6. Valdivieso Jose. Valera Juan. SAN MIGUEL. Castafier S., Santa Ana. Friville Enrique, Nieves. SAN JOSE DE LOS RAMOS. Galarraga J. A., Colonia de Asiaticos. Delgado Felipe A., San Felipe. Lacorta Herederos do Pedro, Pro greso. Laguardia Mercedes, Hatney. Mendiola Fermin, Santiago. Pavio y Hno., Batalla. Rio Roque del, Covadonga, San Juan. Trujillos Andres, Santa Rosalia. Zulueta Herederos de, Alava, Habana, Viscaya. SAN PEDRO DE MAYABON. Tellechea D. de los Santos, San Dion- SANTA ANA. Arroyo Remigio. Alfonso Hijos de A. M. Garcia Isidra. Gazmuri Angel. Giiell Joaquin. Gutierrez Jose de la Cruz. Isasi Marques de. Lluria Francisco P. Madan Herederos de Antonia. Montelo Herederos del Marqufe de. Serrate Herederos de Jose. UNION DE REYES. Crespo Herederos de Le6n, Centra Carmen. Giiell y Rente, San Gonzalo. Mier Joaquin, Santa Rosa. Serra y Cia., Santo Domingo de Garcia PROVINCIA DE PINAR DEL RIO. ARTEMISA. Goicochea Fermin. Sierra y Toscano. BAJA. Fernandez Perez Indalecio, Nieves. CABANAS. Armenteros Maria de la Luz, San Juan Bautista. Barberia Jose R., Sirena. Freixas Joavuin de, Hacendista. Gallot Alfredo V., Dos Hermanas. Govel Antonio, San Claudio. Guzman Ildefonso S., Jestis Maria. Guzman Leandro S., San Jacinto. Incaga Josefa A., San Agustin. Labarrere Alfredo, Bramales. Otamendi Antonio, Santa Isabel. Pairet Josefa A. de, Refugio. Pedro Juan de, Asunci6n. Picaza Cipriano, Central Orozco. Uzabiago Eduardo, San Miguel del Rosario. LAS MANGAS. Malpica Felipe, Neptuno. Meii eles Luis, MaraviUa. San Martin Herederos de, San Julian. LOS PALACIOS. Cruz Herederos de Ramon. Fernandina Conde de la. Pedoso Isabel. Pedroso Jose Maria. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 209 PROVINCIA de PINAR DEL RIO— Continued. Ingenio Angosta. Ingenio Begofia. Ingenio Cafias. Ingenio Menocal. Ingenio Mariel. Ingenio Tinaja. Ingenio Tomasita. Ingenio Zayas. SAN DIEGO DE NUNEZ. Arozarena Herederos de, Mercedes. Bisso Jose\ Nazareno. Castanedo Juan M., Candelaria. C6rdoba Cayetano, Arrendatario. G6mez Santiago, Arrendatario. Ilia Herederos de Remedios. Lange Leopoldo, Nueva Teresa. Lombillo Herederos del Conde, San Gabriel. Perfi Hnos., Maria. Sanhago Condeso de, Santiago. Toca Herederos de, San Ignacio, Santa Teresa. SUGAR MILLS. PROVINCIA de PUERTO PRINCIPE. MORON. Garcia Antonio. Ibarra N. Leiva Ram6n. Machado Calixto. Martinez Viuda de. Padr6n Telesforo. Pefiaranda Atilano. Salazar Manuel J. Salgado Diaz y Cia., EI Progreso. PROVINCIA de SANTA CLARA. SANTA CLARA (CAPITAL). La Pas! ora, Berenguer Antonio. La Rosa. San Autonio, Central, Abreu Vicente G. Sau Cristobal, Central, Cardoso Fran cisco. Santa Maria, Garcia y Cia., Ranch- uelos. Santa Bosa, Abreu Hermanos, Ranch- uelos. ABREUS. Apezteguia Marqufe de. Soler Fermin de. AGUADA DE PASAJEROS. Central Aguada, Carol Gabriel. CAMARONES. E carza y Urioste Sotero. Pouvert y Cia. CARACUCEY. Borrell Herederos de. Schmidt Guillermo. CASILDA. Iznaga Barbara. CIFUENTES. A sturias, Justo Landa. Libano, Jose Colich. Re orma, Agustin Vidal. Unidad, Juan Maria Culloc. EL CONDADO. Alvarez Benito. Castafio e Intriago. Iznaga P. F. Meyer Thode y Cia. HATILLO. La Rosa. JALUCITO. Central Navarra. Lastasa Manuel. LAS CRUCES. Abreu Eduardo. Abreu Martas. Jovoler y Cia. Joya Hnos. Montalvo Lino. Suarez Angela. Terry Eduardo. JUMENTO. Cancio Benjamin. Candia Jose Z. Lopez Caeho, Manuel. Torres Zanudo Jose. LA ESPERANZA. Ldpez Pascasio, Yagiia. MORDAZO. Diaz Basilio, El Valle. Rivero Santiago, Santa Rita. PLACETAS. Goicochea Augustin. Vergara Jos6. Zulueta Herederos de Julian. QUEMADO DE GUINES. Emilia, Delgado Herederos de Luis. 21.0 CUBA AND ITS RESOURCES. PROVINCIA de SANTA CLARA— Continued. Esperanza, Francia Ram6n. Flor de Cuba, Rodriguez Santiago. Iglesia La, Santa Lamadrid, Francisco. Luisa, Suris y Larrousse, Luisa. Lutgardita, Pulido Mamerto. Ramona, Arechavaleta Angel. Recurso, Salas Pedro. Resoluci6n, Tapia Pablo. Salvador El, Cesped Emilio. San Francisco de Asis, Moliner Adolfo. San Isidro, Casa More, Conde de. San Ramon, Godinez Doroteo. RANCHO VELOZ. Calvo y Cairo. Carrera Herederos de Jose. Diaz Mariano. Ferran F. L. Gutierrez y Casals Herederos de Jose. Moliner y Echarte. Pavia TomAs . Portillo Viuda de. Reyes L. P. M. Xiques Francisco de P. RANCHUELO. Gracia Cia., Santa Maria. Abreu Vicente G., Santa Rosa. RODAS. Fowler y Cia. Montalvo Hnos. SAGUA LA GRANDE. Aurelia, Salustiano Fernandez. Ceiba, Francisco Lamadrid. Constancia, Pablo C . Larrondo. Delta, Francisco Lamadrid. Destino, Alfert Carlos y Rodriguez L6pez Santiago. Esperanza, Rodriguez L6pez Heredero de. Flor de Cuba, Rodriguez Lfipez Here deros de. Guadalupe, Rodriguez L6pez Here deros de. Jagua, L6pez Pascasio. Macagua, Betharte Domingo. Natalia, Jova Federico. Olallita, Betharte Domingo. Oriente, Rodriguez y Larda. Purio, Ofia Viuda de. San Fernando, Espinosa Eugenio F. San Francisco, Galceran Belisario. San Gabriel, Aguilera Gabriel. San Ram6n, Godinez Doroteo. Santa Ana, Thorndike Jorge. Santa Lutgarda, L6pez Elias. Santa Rita. Robau Jose. Santa Teresa, Ofia Viuda de. Santo Tomas. Ofia Viuna de. Triunvirato, Larrondo N. Victoria, Ofia Viuda de. Vista Hermosa, Betharte Domingo. SAN FRANCISCO. Carret A. SANTA ISABEL DE LAS LAJAS. Central Caracas. Central San Agustin. Santisima Trinidad. SAN PEDRO 6 PALMAREJO. Araoz M. Brunei Conde de. SANCTI SPIRITUS. El Central. El Central Tuinicuo. Esperanza, Mateo Perez. Pojabo Olazar v Tome. La Natividad, Francisco Va Ie. San Antonio Polo, Garcia y Cia. San Fernando, Francisco Valle. San Jose, Herederos de Amezaga. The Mapos Sugar Company. Tuinicti, Rianda y Cia. YAGUAJAY. Abreu, Sucesores de Manuel. Artiz Mariano. Bofill Josefa. CarbO Herederos de Jose. Carrera Manuel J. Cartaya Pedro. Colon Antonio J. Delgado Francisco. Delgado Jose F. Delgado Jos6 M. Duran y Cia. Garganta JAime. Hernandez Santiago. Martinez Pedro. Ruiz de Gamiz y Zulueta Pablo. Sausariq Eduardo. Zubero Basilio. PROVINCIA de SANTIAGO de CUBA Alvarez Ram6n. Aymerich Jose. Estrada Castillo Francisco San Francisco. Estrada Manuel. Fernandez Alonso Jose. Santo Domingo, 132, CALABAZAL, Bello Angel. Fernandez Pedro. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 211 PROVINCIA de SANTIAGO de CVB A -Continued. Garces Manuel. CIENFUEGUS. Arrieta Miguel. DOS CAMINOS. Bashade Jaime. Borrell Pedro. Care Pedro. Carbajal Pedro. Cutis Pedro Tonias. Ferrer Castuto. Ponce Juan. Ponce Salvador. GUANTANAMO. Los Cafios. Confluente. Esp ranza. La Florida. Isabel.Montesano.Romelie. San Antonio. San Carlos. San Emilio. San Ildefonso. San Jose. San Leon. San Miguel. Santa Cecilia. Santa Fe. Santa Maria. Santa Rosa. Uni6n Soledad. nOLGUDf. Berto Jose. Diaz Eugenio. Farran Llonart Ramon. Gomez Deogracias. Gomez Juan. Gonzales Juan de Dios. Mayasen Miguel. Ochoa Agustin. Parra Nicomedes. Peralta Manuel. Rojas Cornelio. Rubio Jose Antonio. Trinchet Ramon. NewYi For Nassau Cuba Mexico and Co "WARD Mail S.S. Co, LINE." Nassau Coba oo Fleet S.S. "HAVANA," 5,000 Tons " "VIGILANCIA." 3,500 " " "SEGURANCA," 4,200 " " "YUCATAN," 3,500 " " "ORIZABA," 3,500 " " " CITY OF WASHINGTON," 3,000 " S.S. "SENECA,"... " "SARATOGA/ '.3,000 " " "SANTIAGO/' ..2,500 " " "HIDALGO". .1,500 *' " "MANTEO,",. . 700 " MJSXICO. — Regular weekly service to all Mexican ports from New York. CTJRA. — Regular sailings between New York and Havana, Santiago, Cienfuegos, Guantanamo, and Manzanillo. NASSAU, — Regular semi-monthly service to Nassau. CONNECTIONS —At VERA CRUZ with Mexican Ry. and Mexican Interoceanic R R. connecting with Mexican Southern R.R. At TAMPICO with Mexican Central Ry. and Mon terey & Mexican Gulf Ry., connecting with Mexican National R R. Freight and passage rates to and from all points in Europe and the United States. The new, full-powered, steel steamers of the WARD LINE sail from Piers 16, 17 and x8, E.R., as follows; Havana, Cuba and Tampico, Mexico, every Wednesday and Siturday Progreso, Vera Cruz, and Mexican Ports every Saturday. Nassau, N. P., Santiago, and Cienfuegos every nine days. These tours and their combinations offer unrivalled attractions Steamers have electric lights and bells, all improvements, with an excellent cuisine. Cable communicatioms with the United States. Beautiful descriptive books FREE. (ZALDO & CO , Havana, Cuba. JOSE YGNACIO YSUSI, Tampico, Mexico. AQENT8: U J ALLEN. Mexico City. E ESCALANTE E HIJO, Progeso, Mexico. (JOSE E. O'KELLY, Vera Cruz. R. H. SAWYER & CO., Nassau, N. P. JAMES E. WARD & CO., 113 Wall Street, New York. 212 /A>, ^7> *% «** ^oiv * ^\V V* 3* <#. ^s» ® CABLE TRANSFERS On all points. m UUi LETTERS of CREDIT m Available all over the world. Jj 4? S&*. "EW YORK ^^^0ACS BOSTON • C^ O*^ A. BROWN & SONS, PHILADELPHIA i ~. - BALTIMORE BROWN, SHIPLEY & COHPANY, LONDON "VNu North American Trust Company, NEW YORK. BUYS AND SELLS EXCHANGE ON HAVANA AND SANTIAGO de CUBA. 214 Patent K. D. Desks 40 Per Cent Saved on Freight This cut rep resents only one of many of our desks. Fine line sent on application. Also Office Chairs, Revolving, Tilting and Stationary. Quartered Oak Polished. We are also manufacturers of com mon cane and wood seat chairs, oak dining chairs, rockers, bent wood chairs, bedroom suits, dining and library tables, in fact all kinds and grades of furniture, catalogues being furnished on application. H. C. Swain & Son, 319 PEARL ST., NEW YORK. 215 The Buffalo ling Oo. LTD. CYRUS HOFFA, Manager, *xs^mm*i Lewisburg, Pa. U. S, A. Our extensive mills are situated in the best hard wheat section of the United States, pro ducing flour especially adapted to tropical cli mates. We cater particularly to the Cuban trade, which we have carefully studied in every detail, and to supply which to the best possible advan tage, we have all facilities. Standard Cuban Brands : CREMONA, ORIOLE, DAGMAR, MIMOSA. COBBESPONDENCE INVITED. 216 JOSIAH PARTRIDGE & SONS, 360 Pearl Street, New York. MANUFACTURERS OF CHAIRS OF ALL KINDS AND Iron and Brass Trimmed Bedsteads and Cots, Iron Folding Beds, FOR THE EXPORT TRADE. 217 D. P. HARRS5, nANUFACTURERS' REPRESENTATIVE. Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore. Hardware, •icycles, Sundries. >•'¦-' ^> No. 26 WARREN STREET, NEW YORK. 218 Prussian Gov'nit C. E. Assoc. M. Am. Inst. E. B. JULIUS MEYER, Consulting; Engineer, 55 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. Organization and Investigation of Railway and Industrial Enterprises. 219 The Lewisburg Chair Factory LEWISBURG, PENN. The Largest Chair Factory in the United States Devoted Exclusively to the Manufacture of Medium Grade Chairs. CHAIRS EOR EAPORT. 220 Keynes Brothers' louring Hills, LOGAN, OHIO, U.S. A. Best Grades of ROLLER FLOUR For Export. COBBESPOm>E2TCE SOLICITED. 221 Ills d. M. Sauder Co. 1215 FILBERT STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA., U.S.A. Manufacturers of American School Furniture, LODGE AND CHURCH FURNITURE. Contracts Taken in All Parts of the World. SEND FOB CATALOGUE. 222 5. P. PORTER, 12, 24 and 26 E. 14th St., NEW YORK CITY, U. 5. A. MANUFACTURER AND EXPORTER OF AMERICAN-MADE FURNITURE. Chamber Suits, Dressing Cases, Dressing Tables, Chiffoniers or Chest of Drawers, Roll and Flat Top Desks, Extension Dining Room Tables, Side Boards, Parlor and Bed Room Tables. A general line of Case Goods in all Woods and Finishes. Shipped Knocked Down and Tight Boxed specially for Export Trade. CORRESPONDENCE SOLICITED. Pure Milk For Tropical Climates. Q%l%>%>%r+%>%r%r*%^%r*%r%r+%r+l t i 0+%r%*%**%r+%*r%,+r%r%r%>%r*0 Highland Evaporated Cream is a pure, unsweetened condensed milk, which keeps perfectly in the severest climate. Delicious for cooking use ; invaluable for the sick. HELVETIA MILK CONDENSING CO., NEW YORK. Heywood Brothers •and Wakefield Co. OFFICE : 303 Cherry St., New York. Largest Manufacturers in the World of Chairs, Beed and Battan Fur niture, Children's Carriages, Bent Wood Chaws, Chair Cane, Car Seats, Cane Webbing, Opera and Portable Chairs. Goods knocked down and closely packed for export. Get Illustrated Catalogue and send your orders through any commission merchant and specify that goods are to be of the Heywood, Brothers and Wakefield manufacture and avoid substitutes. ti H P « & QH4ti4 P Bartram Brothers' Celebrated Butter. We have been packing our Celebrated Brands of butter for tropical use for thirty-four years, and wherever this article is used Bar- tram Brothers' Brands are favor ably known. The "Gold nedal Brand" is Fancy Creamery Butter, put up in all sizes of tins from 1-2 to 28 lbs. net, and is always equal in quality to any of the Continental or French Brands. The '« nonogram Brand " is Dairy But ter, a good, sweet, useful butter, palatable and rich in body and flavor, and is of medium cost. The "Cow Brand "is a Dairy Butter. This brand has been in successful use for thirty-four years, and is similar to the Monogram Brand. The ''Eagle Brand" is a cheaper article, and is used principally for cooking and bak ing purposes. All the above brands of butter are packed in any size of tins or kegs as required. When ordering butter, ask for Bartram Brothers' Erands. BARTRAM BROTHERS, 62 Pearl St., New York, U.S.A. CABLE ADDRESS "BARTRAM." I HIT YALE UNIVERSITY a39002 002407022b A;-