- ¦. '/ •' '" ilKlSYftMSIP ?YALE'VNIVERSITY' ? L I B RA RJ ¦ ^~~~ ~ ^ o BRADFORD CO. PENN. < .r j TT ^ 2sr WILM Co. I HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, •PENNSYLVANIA, WITH BIOGRAPHICAL SELECTIONS. " I hear the tread of pioneers *****The first low wash of waves, where soon Shall roll a mighty sea." ( — A nonymous. x, period rfments of .id the early By H. C. BRADS BY, ;empt has-been AUTHOR OF THE "HISTORY OF ARKANSAS," "BATTLE OF GETT' '"> BURG," "HISTORY OF ILLINOIS," AND THE COMPILER OF DIVERS LOCAL HISTORIES IN ILLINOIS, MISSOURI, INDIANA AND PENNSYLVANIA. . .Qg the official ILLUSTRATED. , *r aS 'there is any l>f men's minds as a me. 3 concerning nearly CHICAGO: le livin£ and thelr S. B. NELSON & CO., PUBLISHE 1891. DONOHUE & HEN#EBERRY, Printers and Binders, 407 to 425 Dearborn St., Chicago. PKEFACE. GOME distinguished pundit has remarked that the nation which ^ best knows its own history is sure to be made up of the best type of patriots, and the chances are of the highest quality of civil ization. If the reader and the writer are agreed on this philosopher's conclusions, then this page need hardly try to do more than simply say: "Here it is — make the most of it." The attempt has here been made mostly to preserve facts, recorded and otherwise, that may be excellent material for the historian, who, let us hope, will some aay come and tell it in form and manner worthy of the great theme. This is simply saying that no true history is written by the contemporaries • of the great eras of a nation's story, and therefore no attempt here is made at history save that of a period three-quarters of a century ago, and the earlier day movements of men that cluster around the pioneers,' the Eevolution and the early civil history of the formation of the County. If the attempt has been at all successful, then the possessor of this volume may know that he has both a book for future reference as well as one that tells of the inner movements of his ancestors — that forlorn hope " Who were the first That ever burst Into that silent sea." Part I. deals mostly with the past, though bringing the official and social records down to the present hour, yet so far as there is any attempt to discover the secrets of the movements of men's minds as a society, it will be found in this division of the volume. Part II. presents an immense array of facts concerning nearly every prominent family in the county, both the living and their departed ancestors. IV PREFACE. Thus the two are companion pieces, as it were,, and as a whole represent something of a vast number of the most prominent people in the eventful story that founded this little empire within our great empire, as well as those who are to day the brawn and brain that are so busy building upon the enduring foundations laid by the immortal conquerors of a continent and the destroyers of tyrants. One thing is quite certain : Time will add infinite value to this book even if by any lightly estimated now. The consciousness of this fact will rob the sting of any ruthless attack that may be made upon it. While it is customary in works of this kind to make ofthe "preface" mostly a means of returning thanks for special favors in aiding and encouraging the enterprise to specified parties; while the sincere thanks are here given, yet so many are entitled to mention that to name all or a greater part is simply impossible, therefore to the good people of Bradford county, one and all, for your considerate aid and repeated kindnesses, thanks — ten thousand thanks. ^ THE AUTHOR CONTENTS. PAET I. CHAPTER I. geology. Page. A Land of Farmers, Where Every Man Should Know Local Geology — The Forma tions — The Valuable Chemung Rock — Etc 19- 27 CHAPTER II. INDIANS. They are Fading Away — Petrified Intfflectually — Coureurs des Bois^The Villages and Shacks in Bradford County — The Doors of the Six Nations — Moravian Missionaries — Trails — Polygamy — Cannibals — Canoes — Wards of the Nation — •Treatment by the Government — Etc 27- 39 CHAPTER III. MISSIONARIES AND TRADERS. The First White Men Here — Coureurs des Bois — Hunters— The Moravian Mission aries—Etc 39-44 CHAPTER IV. THE PIONEERS. A Comparative Study — "The Simple Annals" of the World's Remarkable Men — The Hard Schools of Fate that Produced Them— The Silent Men of the Wilder ness — Their Work — The Splendid Results and the Paucity of Resources at their Command — The Men Who Made Emigration a Science and Built an Empire Founded on the Bible — The Saxon and the Gaul — The Fur Trade — The Cour eurs des Bois — Etc 44- 53 CHAPTER V. EARLY SETTLERS. To the Commencement of the Revolution — During the War the Country Aban doned by the Whites — Marauding Indians— Fox and Shufelt, the First Set tlers — List of Those Following Them — First of the Susquehanna Company — The First Discoverers Unknown — Appearance of the Country — A Boy and Leather Breeches— Etc 53- 69 Vi CONTENTS. CHAPTER VI. the log cabin. Page. The First Brush Cabins— The Improved Ones— Etc 69-79 CHAPTER VII. THE REVOLUTION. Mankind's First Attack upon King Fetich— War Meeting, 1774— Whigs and Tories- Three Companies Sent to the Field— Prominent Men— Rudolph Fox Captured— Battles in Bradford County— Wyoming Battle, and Near Wyalusing— Captives Escape— Sullivan's Expedition— Col. Franklin, Samuel Gore, Maj. Flower and Others— Etc 79-111 CHAPTER VIII. THE SEVENTEEN TOWNSHIPS. John Winthrop,, under Whom was the Beginning of Great Things— The First and the Second Pennamite and Yankee Wars— Attempt to Form a New State 111-148 CHAPTER IX. GLEANINGS OF THE EARLY TIMES. What the First Newspaper Tells Us— The Brfuford Gazette— Much Real Early History Gleaned — Sparse in Editorials, but Rich in History — Every Item Inter esting—Etc 148-189 CHAPTER X. PROGRESS IN CIVIL ORGANIZATION. When this was Montgomery County, Connecticut — A Part of the Seventeen Town ships — The Two Original Townships Along the River made Three, Four, Etc. — Bradford County Formed as Ontario County — Changed to Bradford — Its organ ization and Civil Progress — Contestants for County Seat — Original Townships and Election Districts — Petitions for New County — To be called Hiram — Others wanted It called Loraine — Nonsense of Hunting for Indian Names for Places — ¦'A Possible Vision, Standing on Table Rock — -Amusing Gerrymander — Etc.189-204 CHAPTER XI. ROADS. Mail Routes and Postoffices — -First Mails Carried on Foot as There were no Roads for Other Travel — First Mail Coaches by Conrad Teter — Navigating the Susque hanna— Present Postoffices— The Old Berwick Toll Road— Etc 207-219 CHAPTER XII. WARS AND RUMORS. The War Fever of 1799— War of 1812-15— Mexican War— Civil War 1861-65— Bradford's Part Therein— Companies and Regiments— Bounties Given by the County— Militia of 1862— Emergency Men, 1863 220-249 CONTENTS. Vll CHAPTER XIII. intellectual progress in the county. Page. Introductory— Republican-Federalists and Republican-Democrats — Political Ques tions—Newspaper and Other Advancements— Miscellaneous 249-271 CHAPTER XIV. BRADFORD COUNTY CIVIL LIST. Past and Present State Officials— Past and Present County Officials &71-280 CHAPTER XV. POLITICAL. First Meetings and Elections— Why Federalists— Jefferson and Hamilton— Land Question — First Two Voting Districts:— Federal and Whig Parties Overthrown — Old Labor Party — Lincoln, Douglas and Trumbull, an Episode — Election Returns to Date— Etc 280-301 CHAPTER XVI. EMINENT PEOPLE. David Wilmot — Chief Justice Mereu^— Paul Dudley Morrow — Burr Ridgeway — E. Q'Meara Goodrich 302-317 CHAPTER XVII. ATTORNEYS. The First in the County — Story of A. C. Stewart — List, with Time of Coming — List of Present Attorneys— Etc 317-324 CHAPTER XVIII. PHYSICIANS. Early Practice of Medicine— The Old-Time Heroics — The Ancient Hoodoo, Charms, Blood-Letting and Hot Water — Calomel and Salivation— License to Practice- Homeopathy — Medical Society — Present Officers — List of Registered Practi tioners—Etc 324-330 CHAPTER XIX. NEWSPAPERS. Introductory— The Argus — The Reporter-Journal — The Republican and other prominent Journals and Journalists in Bradford County : 330-340 CHAPTER XX. SCHOOLS. Some of the First — Academies — Hypatia — Miss Westover — Susquehanna Collegiate Institute— Public Schools Established— Number of Schools and Cost— Etc. 340-351 VIII CONTENTS. CHAPTER XXI. churches. Page. Baptists — Presbyterians — Methodists — Episcopalians — Disciple Church — Universal- ists — Catholic and Other Churches in the County — Early Preachers, Etc. — Miscellaneous 351-366 CHAPTER XXII. SOCIETIES. Commencing Back in the Other Century — Rapid Increase in the Last Few Years — Etc 369-382 CHAPTER XXIII. STATISTICS AND MISCELLANEA. List of Taxables by Districts — Census Statistics Including Population — Miscella neous 382-388 CHAPTER XXIV. Albany Township 388-389 CHAPTER XXV. Armenia Township — Alba Borough 389-391 CHAPTER XXVI. Asylum Township , 391-393 CHAPTER XXVII. Athens Township — Athens, Sayre and South Waverly Boroughs 394-431 CHAPTER XXVIII. Barclay Township 432-432 CHAPTER XXIX. i Burlington Township — Burlington Borough 432-441 CHAPTER XXX. Canton Township — Canton Borough 442-453 CHAPTER XXXI. Columbia Township — Sylvania Borough 453-459 CHAPTER XXXII. Franklin Township 459-460 CHAPTER XXXIII. Granville Township 460-463 CONTENTS. IX CHAPTER XXXIV. Page. Herrick Township 463-464 ' CHAPTER XXXV. LeRoy Township 465-466 CHAPTER XXXVI. Litchfield Township 467-468 CHAPTER XXXVII. Monroe Township— Monroe Borough 468-472 CHAPTER XXXVIII. Orwell Township 473-478 CHAPTER XXXIX. Overton Township 478-479 CHAPTER XL. Pike Township — LeRaysville Borough 479-482 CHAPTER XLI. Ridgebury Township 482-483 CHAPTER XLII. Rome Township — Rome Borough 483-485 CHAPTER XLIII. ' Sheshequin Township 485-487 CHAPTER XLIV. Smithfield Township 488-489 CHAPTER XLV. South Creek Township 490-490 CHAPTER XL VI. Springfield Township 491-492 CHAPTER XLVII. Standing Stone Township .495-495 CHAPTER XLVIII. Terry Township 496-497 CHAPTER XLIX. The Towandas — Townships and Boroughs 497-531 X CONTENTS. CHAPTER L. Page. Troy Township— Troy Borough 532-538 CHAPTER LI. Tuscarora Township 539-541 CHAPTER LII. Ulster Township 541-544 CHAPTER LIII. Warren Township 544-546 CHAPTER LIV. Wells Township 546-551 CHAPTER LV. West Burlington Township 551-551 CHAPTER LVI. Wilmot Township : 552-555 CHAPTER LVII. Windham Township 556-559 CHAPTER LVIII, Wyalusing Township — Wyalusing Borough 559-576 - CHAPTER LIX. Wysox Township 576-578 PART II. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. Biographical Sketches in Alphabetical Order 581-1306 3V^w: CONTENTS. Xl MISCELLANEOUS. PORTRAITS. Ayres, E. J 215 Avery, Cyrus 225 Black, J. H 331 Bronson, S. N 34Q Bosworth, J. F 185 Bostwick, Dimon 155_ Chubbuck, O. J 125* Colt, Rev. Samuel F., M. D 145 Codding, John A 115 Corss, Charles C 205 Craft, Rev. David .313 Culver, L. J 245 Detrick, Harrison 529 Fell, U. M 367 Gillette, John F 255 Hull, Charles-T 7.". 7 .385 Kilmer, George W .• ¦ • ¦ -235 Laning, Robert H 195 Lyon, Samuel 475 Madill, H. J 135 Morrow, P. D 45 Page. Moody, U 421 Nichols, J. W 457 Noble, A. C 439 Noble, George W - 440 Overton, E .-. 95 Overton, Edward, Sr 35 Peck, Benjamin M 75 Pratt, D. S., M. D 55 Powell, Joseph 105 PiolletrV. E 65 Russell, C. S. . .": 85 Shumway, William 295 Satterlee, J. F '. 175 Squires, P. S 403 Shepard, S. W., M. D 166 ¦Shepard, Silas E .....165 Spencer, E. C 493 Taylor, L. D 275 Vandyke, G. H 265 Varney, Ira 511 Walker, Z. F 285 Map of Bradford County 14 and 15 Index, Part L, History 1307-1311 Index, Part II., Biographies 1311-1320 PAET I. History of Bradford County, PENNSYLVANIA. BRADFORD COUNTY. CHAPTER I. GEOLOGY. A Land of Farmers, "Where Evert Man Should Know Local Geology — The Formations — The Valuable Chemung Book — Etc BRADFORD COUNTY is of itself a little agricultural empire; as beautiful as a painting in her landscapes, and is compara tively rich in all those things that contribute toward the highest and best civilization. Within her borders are 59,095 people, and a larger part of the wealth of the population is in the 6,160 farms which they own and cultivate. Its location on the map, its soils and waters, have deter mined its place as the favored home of the agriculturist. The num bers of the farms indicate the distribution of these rich acres. There are no powerful land barons here with their swarms of attendant serfs and poverty. Her wealth is great, but it is distributed — the happiest possible condition for man. There is no great city within its borders — boroughs and villages only. Hence, instead of tenement houses, deep cellars, noisome purlieus that mar all great cities, here are small, neat, well-kept farms, clear skies, pure air, crystal waters, happy homes, universal plenty and content. Here are sweet valleys and the sun-kissed old hills — the sacred graves of the departed, the restful, happy trysting places of their children's children. The neat and well- built boroughs and villages are but quiet and orderly places of exchange in supplying the varied wants of a favored people. Here is every com fort and every reasonable luxurjr side by side with generous industry and a healthy frugality. While an agricultural county, it is dotted here and there with its necessary mills and factories. Outside the borough of Towanda there are 330 manufactures, and in the county seat are the nail and iron works, the shoe factory, the toy works, Dayton's flouring mill, two foundries and machine shops, a furniture factory, and many small concerns, all contributing to not only the varied employments of the people, but their real and general comfort. A lovely and favored land, indeed ! What a haven it presents for the worn and wear}' who have long struggled for life and air and sun shine in the roar and filth of the world's great cities. The gaunt pau- 20 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. per, with outstretched hands, begging for bread or medicine, is not here, nor is the rich miser relentlessly coining his heaped-up gold of the tears and the groans of his ' unpitied victims. Remorseless greed, and that other monster in society, far worse than the miser's crudest infliction, are practically strangers to the good people of Bradford county. Health, virtue, intelligence and happiness come best to the world amid just such conditions as these. Many a bright young man of the county, fired with ambition to quick wealth or fame, has left his old Bradford home and gone to the great city, and has either regretted the change all his life, or returned and never tired of telling of his joy and happiness in so doing. " Is life worth living ? " is not a vexed question here — may it never come to a living soul. The children of the land should be compelled to learn much of the geology of their particular sections. Here is the starting-point of practical knowledge — the powerful factor in good morals, good relig ion and intelligence. The average of the schools are too much a mere struggle to advance the grades, heedless of the fundamentals of education ; of the starting-points in life, of the groundwork of all intelligence, and the thorough intrenching the child's mind in these. The rudiments of education should be as thorough as, in all true edu cation, they are practical. Any good farmer is a tolerably well-informed geologist. He will succeed in the business beyond his neighbors, much in proportion to his superiority in this respect. He has benefited by experience, and knows in that way the soil he cultivates. He knows certain ones, and comes to know that certain kinds of soils are best for certain kinds of growths. He can judge of almost any soil by its rocks and vegeta- ale growths. He has come to know the good corn land, wheat land, tobacco, potatoes, rice, cotton, flax, hemp, as well as the different fruits. His practical eye, in selecting his future farm-home, will see all these things as well as the waters and climate, that go to form the whole. The water and grasses will point him to the spot where the best animal life will grow. The fleet-footed thoroughbred horses are the effects of his intelligent experiments and observations — the splendid results of his self -education. He has learned there is more bread and butter in corn roots than in Greek roots. Nature's books are better and cheaper than those of the school-book syndicate — edited, written and bound by the hand of God, the rich inheritance of all men. State Geologist James Macfarlane reports substantially of Bradford county: The surface rocks belong to only three of the geological for mations, the Chemung, Catskill and Carboniferous. The last two of these are very extensive formations in Pennsylvania; the State geologists have subdivided them, and renamed them, and given them numbers to classify them. This simplifies and makes easy reference to these sub divisions. The old mode was to classify these by their fossils, as all adjoining beds containing the same fossils belong to one and the same formation. By this arrangement Bradford county gives us the follow- ing*table : HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 21 Pa. Nos. Pa. Names. N. Y. Names. XIII. . Coal Measures. ... , Carboniferous. XII Serai Conglomerate Carboniferous. XI Umbral Red Shale Catskill Maueh Chunk, Red Shale of Lesley. X Vespertine Catskill, Pocono, Red Shale of Lesley. IX PonentRed Sandstone Catskill. VIII Vergent Alive Shale Chemung group. These are placed in the descending order, the coal measures being the highest and the Chemung rocks the lowest visible in the county. The western part of the county, and the valley of Towanda and Wysox creeks, and in the lower part of the county" the valleys of Tus- carora creek and Sugar run are covered with vergent or olive-colored shales (VIII), or what in New York is the Chemung group. The latter is the name in the text-books on geology. The general dip of this formation is toward the south and, therefore, in going north the lower rock formations make their appearance. Two great flexures in the strata penetrate the county, and are called coal basins because they contain coal. These run northeasterly through the county, and in the lines of these basins the highest rocks visible in the county are brought to view. Separating these two lines of basins are two lines of upheaval called anticlinals. The Chemung rocks give put the best soils. Where these are the best agricultural lands are found, because it is of an earthy (argil laceous) character, and contains less sand than the Ponent or Catskill (No. IX). The upper or shaley formation of this rock is about two thousand five hundred feet. These rocks are a vast succession of thin layers of shale, of a deep olive or greenish or light gray color, with thin layers of brownish gray and green and olive sandstone. These layers are so thin that it is difficult to find building stone. There is a great uniformity in all parts of this vast rock formation, and as you travel on the railroad from Wyoming Valley northward to the State line, and north or east or west, all over the southern part of New York, you will see the same Chemung group. The Erie Railroad and branches run on it three hundred miles. The cuts on the railroad and the hills show the same beds of this soft mud rock, with thin-bedded sandstones between. A few miles west of Athens a conglomerate sandstone is found capping the hills. Once these were mistaken for the conglomerates underlying the coal, but it is now demonstrated that these beds of conglomerates are thousands of feet below the coal measures. This is the rock in which is found petroleum, both in New York and in Pennsylvania. It is full of vegetable fossils showing land-plants, which' may be readily seen in much of the building-stone used in Towanda. These are the oldest evidences of terrestrial vegetation known. Specks of coal are found in the rock. The evidences are many that the earth was preparing to deposit the coal beds when this rock was formed. That the Chemung group coines more generally to the surface than in any other county of northern Pennsylvania, is the whole 22 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. secret of it being the richest agricultural county of them all. This is the Bradford county farmer's bank that will always honor his checks from its inexhaustible deposits of wealth. Its cashier will not go Canada for his health. Twenty-five hundred feet deep extends the maiden gold awaiting to be refined by the thrifty farmer. The stranger coming into the county is amazed to see the farmers plowing on the steep hill-sides, where in ordinary soils the alluvial would all soon wash into the valleys below. When he understands the nature and value of the Chemung group, then he realizes that the peaks are here as rich in plant food as are the overflowed lands of the Nile, and the wash of the hills is simply going deeper and deeper in the mine of wealth; and this will continue until the hills become a broad level plateau. Now, cross the county from west to east. On entering you pass through a district similar to the north half of the county, but between Troy and Burlington the high hills are covered with a different soil and a rock of a reddish color — the same that you will see on the high grounds from the railroad as you go between Troy and Alba, also in crossing on the common road the high hills between Towanda and Wyalusing. These red rocks are of the Catskill group. Running from the southeast to the northwest through the county are two great basins with two upheavals of the rock formations between them, throwing them into a waving form. These waves are wide, and their slopes are gentle. They have little connection with the present surface, which was cut into valleys by other causes long after the rock strata assumed their present shape. The first basin of this rock formation is a prolongation of the Blossburg coal basin in Tioga county. At the mines at Morris run are to be seen in the gangways the strata of coal and rocks descending toward the run, and then rise on the other side in regular trough-like form. All the strata of rock above the coal bed as well as below it, as far down as they can be examined, have the same flexure. Near Troy you will see the red rock formation, which lie below the coal making their appearance, all bent in the same manner as the coal bed, into a wide and trough-like form, and all gradually rising to the northeast. This is sufficient of the geology to put our young people on further investigation — educating themselves into the true knowledge of their environment — nature's only way of not only teaching but creating. Drainage. — The inclines that carry off the waters of a country are the water-sheds ; the deep-cut beds of the streams, worn low in the solid rocks, are its system of drainage. The clouds carry the waters to the mountain tops, and the rivers carry them back to the sea. The air and the water are the forces that are changing and building up in all its varied beauties of the earth's surface. The tides and the multi tudinous sea waves are answered by the slow-moving, resistless gla ciers that are the craftsmen fashioning the face of the earth and mak ing for us our beautiful dwelling-places. The North branch of the Susquehanna river enters the county mid way on its northern boundary, and the Tioga (called Chemung in New HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 23 York, and Tioga sometimes in Pennsylvania), flowing from the north west, draining central and southern New York, unites with it below Athens, five miles from the State line. Just here occurs what perhaps can be said of no other county in the Union. The Chemung river, quite an important stream of consideiable length, is reported by State Geolc- fist Macfarlane to have its source and its mouth in Bradford county. f you will examine McKee's school map of the county, you will find in Armenia township, which lies on the west and southerly line of the county, a small lake, the Tamarack, from which flows a little stream toward the southwest, going into Tioga county. This little lake, and the small branches that soon unite with it in its southwestern, flow, are marked in McKee's school map as the "headwaters of the Chemung." Following this stream, however, to its northern flow in Tioga county, its name on the map is Tioga river, and not the Chemung, which really has its rise in New York. Evidently Mr. McKee's mistake arose in the fact that the Tioga river, after starting south in Armenia township, turns northerly and empties into the Chemung river. This fact, con nected with State Geologist MacFarlane's statement that the Che- mung river is called the Tioga from the State line to where it joins the Susquehanna river, causes this error. The remarkable circuit the water makes, however, is that it starts in the southwesterly part of Bradford county, runs southwest, turns north and goes into New York as the Tioga river, bends around and returns to the county and passes into the Susquehanna river at Athens. There is no good reason for calling the Chemung river the Tioga after it enters Pennsylvania. It is all confusing and its abandonment would surely be advisable. The flow of the water, starting in Armenia township in what is known as the Tamarack lake, forms a course like the letter C. The Susquehanna river flows due south to near the center of the county, and then winds to the southeast, with a continuous system of nine horse-shoe bends, until it enters Wyoming county. During its straight course it flows in a tolerably wide valley of erosion in the Chemung rocks, and its windings are through the red Catskill rocks, and cuts canons through the synclinal Towanda mountains, and the valleys are narrower and deeper through the anticlinal Chemung for mations to the south. One-half of the county is a high, rolling country, into which enter two ranges of flat-topped coal measures, synclinal mountains, connected with the great mountain plain of Lycoming county to the southwest and south. . Blossburg mountain crosses the west line, and occupies Armenia township. This was once high mountains, but now Mount Pisgah is the chief high point left of this range. These mountains, it is sup posed, once extended to or across the Susquehanna at Ulster and Sheshequin, and they must have penetrated New York from the north east corner of Bradford county. The salient feature of the" county is the Towanda mountain. It comes up out of Lycoming county, and is very broad and flat, and is 24 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. split lengthwise by the deep canon of Schraeder's creek, and is cut across transversely by the gorge of South Branch creek. It was cut through in the early geological ages by the Susquehanna river. At Standing Stone, Wyalusing, Tuscarora, Herrick and Pike townships, its ancient marks are distinctly traceable. The right-hand branches of Wyalusing creek drain this highland southward, while the left-hand branches of Wysox creek and the headwaters of Wappasening and Apolacon creeks drain it northward and westward. In the western part of the county, Seeley's, South and Bentley's creeks flow north into the Chemung river, while farther south Sugar and Towanda creeks follow a nearly due east course into the Susque hanna, which they reach in less than three miles of each other; while still farther south the South branch and Sugar run flow nearly north. The south line of the county is the water-shed between the North and West branch valleys of the Susquehanna, the source of the Lycoming being at the southwest angle of the county, and of the Loyalsock in the townships of Overton and Albany. Towanda and Blossburg mountains are of about equal elevations, at the summit of the Barclay mines, in Barclay township, being 2,038 feet ; the head of the incline plane, 1,753 feet ; its loot, 1,268 ; at Greenwood, where Schraeder creek falls into the Towanda, 820 feet ; at Monroeton junction with the railroad south to the coal mines in Sulli van, at Bernice, 759 feet ; the height of the mountain above Towanda, 1,200 feet, and the depth of the gorge which splits the mountain is therefore 1,200 feet. Mr. C. F. Heverly, in his " Two Towandas," gives the following table of local elevations about Towanda : Table Rock above tide 1.3i? feet. Summit of Towanda hills 1,450 " Plateau between Towanda and Sugar creek, average 1,200 " Corner Bridge and Main streets 735 " West end public bridge 739.9 " The Lycoming creek and Towanda head together in the southwest angle of the county, 1,200 feet above tide, and flow in opposite direc tions, toward Towanda and Williamsport, respectively. Coal. — Abner Carr discovered bituminous coal in Bradford countv in 1812, by a mere accident, while hunting on the Towanda mountain ; the bed of coal outcropped in the stream, where was commenced the first mine. This wras on land which belonged to Robert Barclay, of London, and by inheritance afterward to his son, Charles Barclav. The tract contained 6,000 acres. This land was bought in 1853 bv Edward Overton, of Towanda, John Ely and Edward M. Davis, of Philadelphia, who formed the Barclay Railroad & Coal Companv and the Schraeder Land Company. The railroad was completed from, the canal to the mines in 1856 — it being sixteen miles in length, with an incline plane half a mile long and 475 feet high. James Macfarlane was general superintendent, having sole charge of affairs for the next eight years. He encountered great difficulties in establishing the coal HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 25 business in connection with the meager facilities offered by the canal. In 1868 Mr. Macfarlane organized the Towanda Coal Company and leased the Barclay mines. The Fall creek mines were opened in 1865 ; the Schraeder mines in 1874. The total output in 1856 was, in net tons, 2,295, and the total in 1890 was over 3,500,000. The county lies north of the anthracite coal belt. Iron, Oil, Gas, Etc. — For many years the county has been startled by reports of rich finds in the way of iron, coal or natural gas. But iron has been the mainstay of the most of those sensations. Digging for iron and boring deep through the hard rocks for oil or gas have been expensive experiments to some of our people. It is estimated that at one time or another enough money has been wasted to have given the entire people of the county a fair education in the geology of this locality. The public schools are remiss in their plain duty when they fail to teach in all their schools the fundamental lessons of geology and botany. A few facts are here given on the subject of iron in the county that may be of practical use in the future, if heeded. As already stated, the whole county is in the Devonian region — the valley formation being the Chemung, that of the hills the Catskill. Entering the county from the southwest are two mountains, the To wanda and the Blossburg. The Towanda mountain, entering LeRoy township from Sullivan county, extends across Barclay, Overton and Monroe townships, and ends in Rob. Wood mountain in Asylum. It is represented by hills and highlands on across the county into Susque hanna county. From Tioga county the Blossburg mountain enters Armenia township, extending throughout the township. It is repre sented by hills and a plateau extending nearly to Ulster, and can be traced across the county. As has been mentioned, the valley forma tion is Chemung, immediately above which is the Catskill, divided into lower and upper, the latter forming the crests of the highest hills. On the Towanda and the Blossburg mountains the Catskill is covered by the Mauch Chunk red shale, serai conglomerate (millstone grit) and the coal measures. The Chemung formation covers the whole northern and eastern part of the county. Iron ore can usually be found among the coal measures, and Bar clay coal basin furnishes several varieties of ore of various values. These ores occur sometimes as argillaceous carbonate of iron, and can be taken from their beds in large slabs like flagstones. More often halls of ore are found among the layers of shale and sandstone. Next in importance is the kidney ore, much like the balls just mentioned. Probably a score of ore-bearing strata could be found in the Bar clay field, and if the iron-bearing shales, slates, etc., were included this number would be more than doubled. For example,, near Fall creek a stratum ten feet thick has five layers of ore, the thickest being 18 inches, and a section taken at the head of Wagner's run shows in eight feet of depth four layers of iron ore, four of iron-bearing shale and two non-bearing shale. Specimens of ore taken from the various localities accessible yield 26 History of Bradford county. from 32 to 50 per cent, of metallic iron, the average being 40.5 per cent. At only two or three localities would the working of these ores be found profitable at present, though they may be valuable in the future. The ore is of excellent quality, but is found in too small quan tities to work with advantage. In Bradford county, none of the formations below the coal meas ures have shown any iron ore except the Chemung. This formation has furnished the iron ore for the many " valuable " discoveries which have been made throughout the county. Running through the Che mung rocks of Bradford and Tioga counties are several beds of iron ore, the most important of which have been called the Upper or Mans field bed, the Middle or Fish bed, and the Third or Lower bed. The Upper bed lies very near the top of the Chemung rock, often being found in those "transition beds" for which Bradford county is noted. These beds shrewd geologists have been unable to assign to Catskill or Chemung, just as an artist might be unable to assign to either color any point in the blending of red and yellow. Thus the upper bed is sometimes said to lie in both the Catskill and Chemung, but none of it has ever been found in well-determined Catskill, while it it is often found in true Chemung. Iron ore which probably belongs to the upper bed is found at sev eral localities on Towanda creek two or three miles above Canton, yielding from 14 to 32 per cent, of iron. Southeast of Canton is a two-foot vein yielding about 28 per cent, of iron. In the main road, about a mile and a half west of Le Roy, is exposed a bed three or four feet thick holding 29 per cent, of metal. The same bed is exposed at LeRoy in Gulf brook, being four feet thick. The second or Fish bed lies from 200 to 400 feet below the Mans- .field bed. It is found half a mile southwest of Columbia Cross Roads, at a place near the one just mentioned, but one-quarter mile west of the N. C. R. R., and at Austinville. The Columbia vein is four feet thick, and has 32 per cent, of iron. At Austinville the bed is seven feet thick, only four feet being good ore, and bears 33 per cent. of iron. It has been mined quite extensively, most of the ore going to Elmira. The most interesting feature of this bed is the large number of fish remains, one of the characteristics of the middle bed. These.fossils occur as fragments, mostly bones. They retain the nat ural color and seem to indicate fish of unusual size. Of the large number of fossils taken from this mine the most and best have gone to the New York State Museum, but lately the Pennsylvania Geolog ical Survey has obtained several specimens at least two of which, being submitted to an eminent palaeontologist (Dr. Newbury, of Ohio), were pronounced new species. The second bed shows some good surface indications in Columbia township, on the road from Snedeker's to Springfield, and about two miles west of Smithfield. At the place first mentioned an excavation would probably reveal a bed of ore similar to that at Austinville, though perhaps without fossils. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 27 The third bed lies from 100 to 200 feet below the second, and has not been found exposed in Bradford county, but is sometimes found in drilling wells, often passed through undetected. It has to us no finan cial importance whatever. No exposures of ore of any importance have been reported either near or east of the Susquehanna river. The most valuable ores are and will be found near the Bradford-Tioga line. The reader is left to form his own conclusions as to the value of a '¦' find " of iron, ore in this county. A fair idea of the immense deposits near Pittsburgh, in the Lake Superior mines, at Iron Mountain, Mo., and in the mountains of east Tennessee, will cause the apparent value of Bradford county ore to lose its existence. Bradford county ore may be valuable in the future, but it is not now. Mention might be made of such absurdities as the " Hathaway ore" sensation ; the mining at Snedekerville of brown sandstone for iron; the " Arienio shaft," where $20,000 were thrown away in a search for anthracite coal in Chemung strata; the silver mine in white sandstone of Ridgbury township, the Bristol silver mine in Catskill argillaceous sandstone of Monroe town ship, etc. As already remarked, such knowledge as might be obtained from a first book in geology would check the wild search for coal thousands of feet below its natural position, and for gold and silver thousands of feet above their geological horizon. Many a farmer has lost a valuable farm in the search for buried wealth which did not exist, and many a farm would have been saved by a slight knowledge of general and local geology. CHAPTER II. INDIANS. They are Fading Away — Petrified Intellectually — Coureurs des Bois — The Villages and Shacks in Bradford County — The Doors of the Six Nations — Moravian Missionaries — Trails — Polygamy — Cannibals — Canoes — Wards of the Nation — Treatment by the Government, Etc. COLUMBUS, not realizing that he had discovered the New World, called the people that he found here " Indians," thus transplant ing the name of a people of ancient origin in the East. The original inhabitants, therefore, to be strictly identified, must be called the American Indians. The picture of Columbus and his men meeting the natives on their ships first touching our south Atlantic coast is purely fanciful. These people, not as painted, were dirty, even filthy, and very ignorant savages. They had no idea of geography further than 28 HISTOR? OF BRADFORD COUNTY. their eyes could see ; the universe simply reached beyond the next range of mountains. Their god was a great and very savage hunter, who was half-horse and half -alligator, as the ancient " Arkansaw Trav eler" was wont to describe a backwoods tough. Primitive savages, moderately well developed as cannibals, with no arts or ideas above treacherous cunning ana delight in torturing and killing. They were polygamists, and their drudge slaves were their wives, mothers and sisters. They were not much above the brutes on whose borders they lived and struggled for their wretched existence. Much of what we now read of the history of these savages is, like the picture mentioned above, fanciful. To civilize him and save him to the world and fit him for the Christian heaven was a deep sentiment of the religious world. The idea of the more practical Coureurs des bois, or the grim frontiers men was to kill him first and then civilize him. Both were impracti cable dreamers, so far as the Indian was concerned. The Indian was incapable of any advancement in civilization ; his intellect was petrified ; he deserved better than being starved and ruthlessly butchered; neither policy was right. He was entitled simply to be let alone — made to behave and battle his own way in the new order in which he so suddenly found himself. If he survived and advanced, keeping step with the world about him, bravo! If he fell by the wayside, bury and forget him. His right to liberty and justice was as good as anybody's, but the sickly sentimentality that holds he had an indefeasible title to the soil on which he existed, and could, therefore, keep back the increasing white civilization, has no part nor place in justice or good sense. " He was here first," well, so were the bumblebees and the wolves and the " foxes had dens." Anglo-Saxon civilization has rights beyond and above all savagery, not only here, but everywhere upon earth. Before its march all else must give way —if necessary, perish. Civilizing the Indian, preserving him and his tribes and multiplying his posterity was not one of the wants of the world. Millions of imperfectly civilized and ignorant Indians would have now become a sore problem had we them in our country. He despised the manners and habits of civilization; he loved his liberty as the bird or the beasts love it, and was no more capable of the higher order of improvement than they. Therefore it was best that he should slowly fade away as he has; his existence was not a matter of importance to the world. For the life the world gave him he has given nothing in return. No thought, no idea, no act marked his long existence here that deserves even a slight remembrance. He did nothing and was nothing, and his passage from earth as a people was of no more importance than the swarms of "greenhead" flies that once rose up like pestilential clouds upon the western prairies to confront the pioneers. The general description of the Indians that were here when the first white man's eyes fell upon this beautiful land may be described as composed of the Five Nations. The particular one of the Five Nations that claimed possession of the Susquehanna was the Iroquois, whose headquarters were in New York. They had conquered the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 29 Susquehanna from the Andestes, who inhabited the valley. This change it is supposed occurred about 1620. They are spoken of in early histories as the Canestoges and as the Susquehannocks. When the white man first came all this country belonged equally to the Five Nations. The Iroquois were a powerful and warlike people. They made many villages all the way from Tioga to Virginia. In this county at Wyalusing, Sheshequin, Wysox, Mehoopany and at Queen' Esther's Town they had made considerable villages. It is said that all these places were Indian villages of the Susquehannocks before they were driven out or exterminated by the Mohawks. In those Indian wars and invasions were constructed the fortifications at one time visible at Spanish hill and at the mouth of Sugar creek. The Susque hannocks were driven from their possessions along the river above Wyoming about 1650. The Iroquois held this territory about one hundred years. They are said to be the only Indian people who at that time had anything approaching the forms of civil government, but this gradually died out, and they became little else than aimless roving bands. The Tuscaroras had been driven by the whites from the South and came North, and were the addition that made the Six Nations of what had been the Five Nations. They came in 1712, a century before Bradford county was formed. In this curious confed eracy the Iroquois became the dominating race. Athens or Tioga was made the door of entrance into the territory of the Six Nations. At this place a Sachem was stationed, and only by his permission was any stranger, red or white, allowed to pass, — a primitive custom-house or Castle Garden, as it were. Wyalusing was one of the oldest and most important of the Indian villages in what is now Bradford county. It had been built by the tribe that was driven off by the Iroquois. The place originally was called Go-hon-to-to. After the tribe had been exterminated it became again the silent desert, and so remained one hundred years. In 1752 a somewhat noted Indian character called Poponhauk, a Monsey chief, from the Minisink country, came with a number of families and settled on the old village site. He rebuilt the village. In 1760 it was described by the Missionary explorers as having about twenty huts, but much better buildings than was usually found belonging to the Indians. The old Indian town was located at the mouth of Wyalusing creek, where are the farms of J. B. Stalford and G. H. Wiles. The rich land in the valley was cultivated in a rude way ; corn and grass for the cattle and ponies, and the former for the Indians, were raised by the labor of the squaws in considerable quantities. In 1763, only three years later, the huts in the place numbered fort}', nearly all built of split plank, set on end in the ground, the upper end pinned to a plate, on which were rafters, and covered with bark. This year, 1763, was the commence ment of the Pontiac war. The Indians of Wyalusing, not taking part therein, retired to Bethlehem, and from there went to Philadelphia. There is a noted old Indian burying-ground near Sugar run ferry, where have been found many Indian relics of various kinds. 30 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. The Shawnees had lived at the mouth of Towanda creek. They planted corn on the valley lands. They lived on the opposite side of the creek from Towanda. The Moravian missionary, Zeisberger, September 30, 1767, stopped at this deserted Shawnee post. In his diary he called it Wisach (from which came our Wysox). He says he went into camp in a deserted Delaware Indian wigwam. The Nanticoke Indians came up the Susquehanna from the eastern shore of Maryland in 1748. A part of the tribe stopped on the Towanda flats. An Indian town, Osculni, was supposed to be a very ancient town, situated just a little above the mouth of Sugar creek — the John Biles farm. On the farm lately owned by Judge Elwell, nearly opposite Bald Eagle island, was a strong settlement. As for permanent settlements, the Indians were nearly migratory in their habits. They moved with the game and with the seasons — the chief interruptions to their going and coining were the tribal wars, when the enemy hovered on their borders; then, like the wild animals, they gathered closely together for safety. The earliest missionary visitors describe finding places in the deep woods where there were signs of the Indians having stopped there, but were now silent and deserted. They had written their story on the trees — a picture-lan guage that was understood by the Indians. They would peal the bark off a tree, and on this paint the story of what tribe they were, their expeditions of war, the number of the warriors, scalps and captives, etc. — the same rather gruesome story that occupies so much space in the white man's adventures and explorations. A few families of the Monseys were located on the north side of Cash creek, near its mouth, at the close of the Pontiac war, near where is now the village of Ulster. Queen Esther's town was a settlement made about 1770 on the west side of the river opposite Tioga Point. This woman, or rather female monster, became notorious from her savage cruelties to the captive whites, 'especially at the massacre of Wyoming. One of the most important Indian settlements in the county, if not in the State, was made at Tioga — the junction of the Chemung and the Susquehanna. This was the ''door" for a long time to the territory of the Iroquois. All the Indian trails in this part centered here, as all goers and comers must pass through this door, and unless his papers were properly " vised" he would be treated as an enemy or spy. This " door " was the entresol to a very long " house " indeed. The doorkeeper was a Cayuga Sachem. Here the war parties rendezvoused, and here prisoners were brought and disposed of. The place was reported abandoned in 1758, during the French-Indian war, but was rebuilt in 1760. The place was finally destroyed by Sullivan's army in 1759. The story of Queen Esther, the pitiless enemy of the whites, is a chapter in the history of Pennsylvania. The writer of these lines, a HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 31 few years ago, in tracing out the early history of Adams county, Pa., became convinced that this woman was an Indian by adoption and not by blood ; that she was a native of that county, and the child of a family that had all been massacred except this girl who was seven or eight years old at the time the family was destroyed. She was carried to western Pennsylvania, adopted by an Indian family, and when fif teen years old married a full-blood. She was eventually taken to the Seneca tribe in New York, and was married to a noted chief of that tribe. Her stay in Bradford county was short and uneventful. Her village was destroyed by the Colonial army, and the Queen and her ab horred presence were known here no more. She was one of the earth's many unfortunates — her life among the savages had lapsed back into a more cruel savagery than was those among whom she lived ; vile in every respect, a female imp of Satan. A slight study of her character brings up the question : is all this boasted civilization, charity, love and refinement but a thin veneer that a circumstantial pin may readily scratch 'through to the solid, cruel, inherent brute? Possibly it was because she was a queen that she was so utterly wicked and abandoned. There seems to be something in the " divine " titles and office of royalty that is low and debasing. That is perhaps one reason why men are so am bitious to become lords and kings, eager to sweep their soul to the devil for the miserable baubles. The only edifying page in the whole history of crowned heads was where the hunch-back, Richard III., cried "A horse ! a horse ! my kingdom for a horse ! " The language is highly sig nificant. He was tired of the king business, it was too tame, and there was not play enough for his genius as a rascal in it all, and he wanted to be a jockey and with the jockeys stand. Fortunately for the fall races, his high ambition was nipped in the bud, and King Richard never was promoted to " Jockey Dick." Possibly if Shakespeare had person ally known Queen Esther he would have married her off to Richard III., and improved the world's entire tribe of kinglets. The pride of America is that we have no kings nor queens. In lieu we have, how ever, the roaring demagogue — the meek and lowly " servant " and especial " friend" of everybody—the Honorable Fetich, of Shakerag. Along the shores of the Susquehanna, from the State line to fhe south line of the county, are spots that will be pointed out to you as once famous Indian resorts, villages, battle-grounds or scenes of massacres or something of that kind. There is a mixture of truth and fiction in it all. At one place, nay, at numerous places, may be pointed out spots in the dark and bloody legends, and at the isolated one or two places may be found memorial stones telling of where the wild children of the forests bent their knees in awe and childlike wonder at the simple, sublime story from the lips of the hardy mis sionaries of the church, as they answered in the wilderness the glories of the ever-living God. Lazy, simple and credulous, these wild people of the woods were deeply impressed with the forms and symbols of the Christian religion. That part of religion they could see with the naked eye was all there evidently was in it to 32 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. these nomads, and they put on its outward forms with childish alacrity while deep in their hearts remained the undisturbed fetich worship of their tribes and fathers. They could simply add one religion to the other, not remove the one to give wholly the place to the new and the true religion. The barbarities suffered at the hands of the savages by the early settlers of Bradford county are a nightmare of horrors. The story in its details is one prolonged agony. This was nearly the same story of every portion of the country east of the Mississippi river. The people fleeing to the forts, the rising smoke from the burning cabins, and the scalps of men, women and children dangling as trophies from the belts of the warriors ; and the flesh of the tortured captives cooked and eaten by the most favored braves. Meaner than the ugly, hungry wolves, far more cunning and treacherous, human imagination palls in any effort to conceive of all the sad story that ran riot through the country. This was the average Indian. Not forgetful that there were crimes, monstrous crimes, committed against the wild people ; conscious of the fact that among the many immigrants to the New World were bad white men — some of the vile and vicious who had been banished from their native land — yet, the truth is, those were the exceptions, and for their crimes it is but little answer to be forever pointing to " Lo, the poor Indian." This gangrened sentiment has found its way too often to our school books and light literature, vitiating the minds of the young and closing their eyes to the truths of history. The curtain is now rung down on the long and bloody drama, and the fierce warriors that once ambushed behind nearly every tree in the forests are now the wretched remnant of beggars, in filth and rags, hovering on the con fines of our civilization. Indians always traveled in single file and, therefore, their paths were very narrow, and were sometimes worn deeply in the hillsides where the rains added to the wear. The great Indian highway, that is, the deepest worn path in the county, passed through from south to north along the river, much as is now the bed of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, on the west of the river in the northern part of the county, and east of the river on the lower part. The Wyalusing path crossed at Wyalusing, and was in a northeast and southerly direction, entering the county with Wyalusing creek about five miles west of the south east corner of the county. The Towanda path entered the north line of the county about half-way between the Susquehanna river and the northeast corner of the county, and passed to the Shawnee village. The Minisink path came from the east, and passed nearly due west through the northern part of the county to Queen Esther's town. The Towanda path entered the county exactly at its southwest corner, and followed Towanda creek to the river ; west of the borough some ten miles it branched to the north, and led to the Indian village north of Sugar creek, on the river. The Sheshequin path entered about the center of the west line of the county, and followed Sugar creek. Nester and Wyalusing were the chief villages of the Indian con- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 33 verts to Christianity under the teachings of the Moravian missionaries. At these points they built huts, and at Wyalusing— called Friedens- hutten — they built a church, and at one time claimed a population of more than 200 souls. The management of the Indian by our Government since we became a separate nation has been one prolonged mistake. He has been always considered a foreigner in his native land, a foreigner under the Government that has made war on him and his, and conquered and held them, and to this day we hear of "treaties" with the red men, the same as if they were people of Japan or Kamskatka, and at the same time they are the "Nation's wards," regular boarders at the great American free soup stand — a kind of quasi acknowledgment of their title to lands — and these we purchase and never pay anything except the annual interest thereon. The Government in a manner feeds and clothes these poor wretches, and Christian people give in charity and send bibles, missionaries and school teachers, and tracts and prayers, and the Government opens Indian schools, colleges and training grounds, and carries train loads of pappooses and old hardened scalping experts back and forth from the Bad Lands and Lava . Beds to see their "Great Father" at Washington and strike camps in the rooms of Willard's Hotel. On the mimic stage what a farce this whole hum bug scheme would be — the roaring travesty on good sense is a national necessity to provide soft places for our gang of political bummers — which, by the way, is a great joke on the average tax-payer. The smallest modicum of honest common sense would have long ago for ever disposed of the Indian question, by simply turning him loose and " root hog or die." Let him educate and christianize himself as well as provide for himself — exact and even justice with no favors. The Indian knew nothing definite of his remote ancestors. He had his traditions and wild, crude legends, and some of them he perhaps believed himself, and others he cherished chiefly as we do epic poems. They were the exploits of great hunters and scalpers ; something, no doubt, of the crude idea of our school boys in their Friday afternoon piping declamations about " Alexander's paw ! " as they would gather up their pudgy fists and beat the air, in the belief that that man-slayer went at his bloody work with bare fists. The Indians were merely wild children ; their history was unwritten, and was but dreams of fighting and killing their fellow-man. Their highest pleasures were in the prolonged and most exquisite torture — not necessarily of their ene mies, but of their captives — simply because they had them in their power; and after the victim was tortured to death, then to eat him was the crowning privilege. Their women were mere slaves and drudges, somewhat lower in their estimation than their mangy dogs. These Indians that stand so patiently in front of tobacco shops are much cleaner and more intelligent looking than the originals, as found running wild all over this country when the white man came. i All over the habitable world are evidences of the coming and pass ing away of nations. Birth, growth and final decay, it seems, is 34 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. much the history of peoples as it is of the individual. All roads once led to Rome. And although this was in comparatively modern times, yet now these great works~ paved highways and stone bridges are but wrecks and broken remains of that once powerful nation. The angel of death, it seems, extended his shadowing wings, and the " mistress of the world " bowed to fate, and the owls beat upon the casements of their palaces, and the wild beasts lick their cubs where once was only the busy feet of men. In the sweep of time the nations come and go, as the ripples chase each other on the resting waters. Birth and death and a little, short intervening struggle for existence is the be-all and the end-all, until existence itself is but change. The numerous as well as poAverful tribes of red savages found in possession of the continent have practically gone forever. The original wild Indian is now a memory. He has not passed out from his wild state and been civilized into a changed and higher existence, but before the pale faces he has been pushed from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and has sung his death-song and laid down to die. Some few miserable remnants of once great and dominating tribes have mingled their blood with the strange white races, and after being driven from place to place are now in the Indian Territory —the Nation's wards and depend ants. Those that clung to their clouts and blankets, and refused the clothes and fashions of civilization, were driven to the lava beds of the western mountain fastnesses, and sjjot down like dangerous wild beasts, or hemmed in and starved to death. What a numerous race of Indians was here but a century or two ago! How little will soon remain to mark their ever having existed ! The white man met their cunning warriors in the trackless woods and slew them. When the last miserable, dirty beggar of them has departed what will there remain, except the words of the historian, to perpetuate his memory? Nothing. As a people they have petrified in their ignorant savagery. He could neither lift himself up, nor could his nature be elevated to that higher plane where lives a nobler human ity. He has left behind no thought, no invention and no work of any value to the world or that deserves preservation. He was nothing, and therefore has left nothing. Ignorant, cunning, cruel and excess ively filth}1', he was neither useful nor beautiful. His wild nature could not be reclaimed, except by adulteration of his blood with other races. Born in the wild wood, rocked on the wave, his one redeeming trait was his unconquerable love of liberty ; this he loved far better than life. He would not be a slave. Had he preferred existence and slavery to death, he might have lived on in peace with the white man. Indeed, he might nowT have had the ballot in his hand and enjoyed the fawning of our demagogues, a very hero indeed about election times, instead of the wandering beggar in rags as we see him. But this was not his nature. He would be free as the eagle of the crags, and in his choice between slavery and extinction he never halted. He met his fate with an unequaled stoicism, and his death-song rose in his throat as the caroling of the forest birds. Herein was the strong individuality of the Indian — the redeeming quality of his nature: Joliet, Marquette and Hennepin, the first white men to visit the €2?i&£^n (/^-£^r^>^^/^ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 37 Indians of the West, have left much authentic information of the con ditions in which they found them. The pure and gentle Marquette was carrying to these wild children of the plains the Cross of Christ, and receiving the tender in return of the calumet and wampun. These explorers agreed that the northern Indians were inferior to those found in the South in their knowledge of the simplest of the arts. The Nat chez were found to possess some little idea of the use of iron and cop per, while their northern brothers knew nothing of it, and used only stone. On the borders of streams or lakes they had their scattered villages: their wigwams and shacks being the rudest and simplest structures. All seemed to be nomadic in their habits ; each tribe having its chief, with no certain authority except to command hunting and warring expeditions. The men performed no manual labor, this being done by the women or squaws. In the timber they built their wigwams of bark chiefly. This was laid on poles that were brought to a center, and here a hole was left for the smoke to escape: If very hungry, they ate the game captured raw. The most of their cooking was over the fire or in the hot coals; they would boil water by heating stones and dropping into the water in their crude stone vessels. Their best cooks would but poorly compare with our French chefs in some of our fine hostelries. Their mode, for instance, of cooking a turkey was to pull a few of the largest feathers, and then cook it just as it was. This they regarded as not only saving labor, but saving all that part of the turkey that we throw away — a double economy. Their marital relations were loose and illy defined. Polygamy was often practiced, but not universally, as the bucks bought their wives, paying for them a pony, or game, or pelts, or whatever else that was the currency of the realm. Wives were bought qften for stated periods when they would return and be in the marriage market again without at all bothering the divorce courts. It was only such dusky maidens as mated without being paid for that were dis credited in the first circles of Indian society. The female chil dren, in case of separation, by virtue of the terms of the contract, went with the mother, and the males belonged to the father. With these impediments in his way it may be assumed that he would as soon as possible get another squaw to support " the old man and the boys." Sometimes as many as sixty persons would compose one family, and altogether these would live in one wigwam — larger than the simple round ones. They slept upon the bare ground or on the skins of animals, and all their clothing in the rigors of the winter were also of the skins of animals. In the long winters their places of abode would be indescribably filthy. The numerous family and the dogs were huddled together in the smoke and the horrid air of their worse than kennels. While it was cold weather they never bathed, and they changed their clothes only by their wearing out and falling off. In the warm weather all took to the water daily, like ducks, but when they came out would smear themselves with horrid rancid grease, mixed often with certain kinds of clays. This seemed to be the only part of their toilet that they were at all particular to attend to. The food of the Indian consisted of all the varieties of game, eat- 38 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ing nearly everything except the rattlesnake. They called this reptile "grandfather," and believed that he had the soul of their dead ances tor, and they held it sacred. When the hunters would find a snake of this kind they would surround it, carefully keeping out of striking distance, and they would light their pipes and blow the smoke at it, calling it by endearing names, and pray to it to guard their families and help them in their expedition, whether war or hunting. In a rude way they cultivated corn, melons and squashes. From the corn they made their "sagamite," parched and pounded the corn, mixed it with water, bran and all, arid roasted the mass in the hot ashes. Sometimes they mixed in the meal ground gourds or beans. They had three kinds of canoes, and these they made and handled dexterously. Having only stone axes they would burn down the tree, chopping away the charred part. They would chop it off at any required length in the same way, dropping water at the points they did not want to burn. The heavy wood canoes were burned out in a similar way, and with slow fires they could shape and fashion them exactly as wanted, and smooth and polish them with stone. A pirogue was made by fastening two or more canoes together abreast by poles reaching across on the top. These would carry great weight, and were not liable to upset. Their most common canoe was made of bark-elm or birch. The elm-bark canoes were very frail and not used for long voyages. To make a canoe of the elm they would select the trunk of a tree very smooth, and at a time when the sap was up. They would cut around, above and below the length wanted, and then remove the whole in one piece, shaving off the roughest of the bark, making this side the inside of the canoe ; fastening the ends of the bark together, the sides of the canoe were held apart by bows that would be fastened in about two feet apart. They would sew up the two ends with strips of elm bark, and in such a way as to cause the two ends to rise, with a swell in the middle. Any chinks they sewed together and covered with gum they would chew. It may be that this is where our girls got the fashion of gum chewing without inherit ing any knowledge of the better part of the business of making bark canoes. They would add a mast, and on this use their blankets or skins for sails. All the passengers in such a craft sat upon their heels. There was much art and perfect balancing required to ride without turning over. About like bicycle riding. It is supposed that one of our ordinary mouse or bug squealing girls could upset one of these vessels in a few seconds — at least by the time it had reached deep water. The chief merit of the elm-bark canoe was its lightness. A squaw could shoulder one with ease, and carry it along or over any portage. In ascending streams these people knew the road so well that frequently by crossing a great bend, and by going overland a mile or two, would save many miles around to the same spot. Canoes made of birch bark were stronger and heavier, and looked more artistic in finish. The frames of these were of strips of cedar wood, which is light and flexible. This frame was made complete and was then covered with birch bark, which would be sewed together like HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 39 skins. The seams were covered with chewed gum. Cross bars were put in to hold the sides apart, and these made seats for the passengers. The French fur traders were the only white men who adopted the Indian's mode of making canoes, or had the skill to use them after the Indian fashion. Some of these canoes of the traders would carry as much as 3,000 pounds, and in the hands of an expert they would shoot along the water with great swiftness. As already said, the Indians were cannibals, though human flesh was only eaten at war feasts. They would torture a prisoner to death ; in this the women and children were peculiarly delighted, and the body would then be thrown into " the war kettle," and greedily devoured after a partial cooking. An early traveler among the savages, Joseph Barrow, says he saw Pottawatomies and Miamis, with hands and limbs, both of white men and also of other tribes of Indians. The privileges of this feast were confined to the noted and foremost war riors. They would bury their dead with great care and ceremony. Jontel says : " They pay great respect to their dead. Some °^ the tribes would prepare the grave carefully and then for days weep and wail about it ; others would dance and sing for twenty-four hours. These dancers would hang their calabashes or gourds about their bodies, fill ed partially with dry beans and pebbles, and these would rattle and assist the mourners greatly in expressing their inconsolable grief. The heirs of the deceased were not forced by fashion to dissimulate their joy in the form of grief, because when the old man died they buried his fortune with him, and had to throw in something of their own to help him along the journey to the happy hunting-ground. CHAPTER III. MISSIONARIES AND TRADERS. The First White Men Here— Coureurs des Bois — Hunters — The Moravian Missionaries — Etc. IT is now more than one hundred and fifty-three years since the first white man passed up the Susquehanna, following the windings of the river, and looked out over this beautiful valley. The waters of the streams were filled with shining fish, and the old dark forests were full of game. The great flat tops of the Towanda mountains had their gentle declivities sweeping away in graceful curves and windings to the soft, hazy, blue distance. Over all are the great hemlock trees, the mountain ash and the graceful pines, the more stubborn oaks, the thick groves of sumac and the climbing vines, all bending and bowing to the breeze, and clothed in green and bright flowers in the budding spring and in the rich colorings of the rainbow in the mild autumn. Here how beautiful and picturesque was all nature — the 40 HISTORY OF BRADFORD OOUNTY. ever-changing panorama of the seasons unfolding in entrancing vis ions ! In the winter when the old gnarled trees bared their arms to meet the severest winter storms, and the driven snow softly wrapped in its white mantle the earth, folding it away for the winter's long sleep and quiet, and then the spring when the earth is fretted with sprouting and the buds and flowers and leaves begin their low lullaby, and the earth and air are again vocal with joyous life, and then come the birds of delicious song from their far south wintering — the low distant drumming of the pheasant, the " gobble, gobble, gobble," of the enormous bronze wild turkeys, the merry matin song of the golden- winged blackbirds, the chattering magpies, the hoarse croak of the crane, and the merry clatter of the wild ducks and geese, were answered by the nearly human scream of the striped panther and the sharp yells of the ever-hungry and savage wolf. In the rivers and the crystal mountain streams the shining fish disported themselves, and the beautiful shad, in great schools of many millions, would leave the salt sea and ascend to the headwaters of the Susquehanna to de posit their eggs; and the beaver in all his sleek cunning built his dams across the streams and thereon his winter houses, side by side with the sleek otter, and on land his fur-bearing conqueror, the bear, patiently hunted out the stores of the wild bees and grew rolling fat and laughed at the gorgeous springtime that came after his long winter's sleep in his dark and damp cave. These mountains and hills had slowly risen from the unfathomed depths of the sea, their rocky heads dripping with waters of the briny deep ; slowly, stupendously they rose, then were dry rocky cliffs, and the rains and the winds, the heat and the cold beat upon them and the rocks turned to ashes, and from the first delicate mosses clinging to the hard stones gradually came this forest giant crowning in glory the hill tops, penetrating the low clouds and protecting the humbler vines and heavy undergrowth, filling the earth with insect and animal life and the air with birds of radiant plumage, caroling their songs to the deep blue heavens. Thus passed the golden summer with its ripened fruits and brown nuts — nature's bounty to all animal life. And then the sere and yellow leaf of autumn, the first frost, and lo, what an entrancing vision of beauty spreads out over the great old hills and the sweeping valleys. The season of the festival of the foliage is here in its annual visit. In banks and billows rolling up the mountain side, soft and rich in all the tintings of the rainbow blending away in the distance with the clouds beyond and spreading down to the silvery mountain stream far below. And the four seasons have come and gone, and thus the centuries and ages were reeled off with nothing here in beautiful Bradford to appreciate all this natural wealth and beauty more than the fish, the bird and the wild beasts and the wilder and fiercer savages. In the fulness of time to this new and beautiful region came the ever wandering white man — the "pale face" tas he was described by the natives ; the wandering home-seeker abroad upon the face of the earth; the fugitive from the Old World persecution, the bloodiest and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. H most pitiless that has ever struck poor suffering men, women and even little children. Stripped of his goods, and striped with the lash, broken on wheels and nailed up in barrels filled with spikes, blown up with hand-bellows to the most intolerable torture; thrown in dungeons, and damp prison walls, tortured for confessions to madness, their tongues cut out, their ears cut off, and branded with hot irons and burned over slow fires of a few green fagots, so slow and so infernal that the poor creatures would struggle and bury their chains deep in the flesh to get their faces down close to the smoke that they might hurry the prolonged death agony to an end. These horrible sufferings came to these poor fugitives in the name of the Heavenly Father and His meek and Lowly Son, who suffered and died that all men might be saved. Whole communities and large classes of people were driven from country to country in the East, because they were heretics ; one country would drive out the Moors from Spain; the Jews from France, and thus from every district in the Old World communities were exterminated by persecution or became flying fugitives before the inappeasible wrath of their fellow-men. As the last hope the poor unfortunates turned their faces toward America, and in the frail barks steered into the deep waters, and the calms and storms of the elements were welcomed with prayers and hymns to the Almighty for their escape from their pursuers — the victims of the cruelest fanaticism that has ever darkened the face of the earth. The escape from the Old to the New — from the lands of churches and civilization to that of the wilderness and savagery. They came with their immigrant chests and the old black family clasp-bibles, in the heart of home and religious freedom. Poor in this world's goods, rich only in their deep and abiding religious faith. Landing upon these shores, these deep religious men erected their altars, and commenced the supreme work of founding the new empire. They made immigration a science ; founded a new civilization and builded the State whose foundation rested upon the Bible. Their surroundings at their old home, the circumstances enfolding them in the wilderness, in the end distinguished them as the most remarkable people in all the annals of history. They became savagely religious, unconquerably brave, and fiercely dog matic, as they daily read their family Bible and spelled out the syl lables, and with horrid pronunciation accepted even detached sen tences in the most literal sense, and then girded about their loins with the flaming sword of Gideon, ready to inflict upon heretics the same pitiless persecutions that had driven them in their poverty and utter wretchedness from their homes and their native lands. They were as brave and hardy as they were cruel and inconsistent against what they esteemed an error of faith. The North American pioneer is the une- qualed character in all time and all ages. A crude bundle of incon sistencies, a power, nevertheless, something like the volcanic forces beneath the earth's surface. Hardly pausing where he first struck the sea coast, he planted the outpost, dressed himself in the skins of the wild animals he had slaughtered, shouldered his long flint-lock rifle, and pushed his way into the deepest forests, and westward the star of empire forged its way. A terrible bundle of incongruities and incon- 42 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. sistencies — too intense in his faith even to be merciful, so overflowing with doctrinal religion, his visions fixed on heaven, fearing nothing mortal, and hating everyone who crossed in the least any of his dog mas, he forgot all gratitude, and with studied guile and craft he would circumvent and strike to the heart his only benefactor. The pioneers, the silent men, the avant-coureurs of the most remarkable movement of mankind in all history — the miracle of miracles. What secret force was it that ever pushed this wandering nomad on and o'er, across the seas, the rivers and the mountains, across the continent ? So far as we can now find the record evidence, the first man who was ever in what is now Bradford county was Conrad Weiser, an Indian interpreter. He was on his way to attend a council of the Iroquois, or the Five Nations, at Onondaga, and passed up the Susque hanna river, its entire length from the bay, and reached Tioga, the Indian town at the junction of the Chemung and Susquehanna rivers, March 29, 1737. This place was the "door" to the Indian tribes to the north in New York, and here the traveler stopped several days and noted many of the peculiarities of the Indians. His journal of his trip was the first known to the world of the north branch of the wind ing river that passes through the entire State of Pennsylvania. He was received with marked kindness, and partook of the food prepared by the great chief's bride, even eating it with the relish of a keen appetite after witnessing the mode of its preparation. He sums up his description of the settlement as consisting " of a few people, and all hungry," their chief food being the juice of the sugar tree. For a healthy person, who has camped out all his life, that was rather a deli cate diet. This is the oldest record of the coming here of a white man, yet it assuredly is not the fact that there were none of the " pale faces " who preceded Weiser. The lower portion or mouth of the Susque hanna river had beeen known to the whites more than one hundred years before Weiser came on his trip. The explorers, trappers and hunters, those restless busy, men who were spying out every nook and corner of the new continent, must have followed up so important a stream as the Susquehanna years and years before this man passed through here on his mission to the Onondaga council. It was fifteen years after the interpreter came, 1755, that Lewis Evans published the first crude map of the "Middle British Colonies;" in this was the out lines of what is now Bradford county, as well as this portion of north ern Pennsylvania and southern New York. The Indians had seen the "palefaces" before Weiser brought his here. His appearance was not regarded by them as either supernatural or even remarkable. They could converse with him as he understood their jargon, and could use signs, grunts and gestures that were much of the common language among the various tribes. In 1743, John Bar tram, a noted English botanist, in company with Conrad Weiser, and Indians as guides, and Lewis Evans traveled from Philadelphia to Onondaga— leaving the former place July 3d — and they describe the "terrible Lycoming wilderness" through which they passed with much weary labor and suffering, as they slowly ascended HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 43 the river over the same route the guide Weiser had learned well in his previous trip. These parties passed on beyond Onondaga to the lakes. These men traveled on horseback, and so far as is now known were the first who had come with horse transportation. In 1745, Spangenburg and Zeisberger, missionaries of the Moravian Church, made a visit to the Indians along the Susquehanna river. They reached the Wyalusing village, June 11th. They, like the other visi tors, were simply travelers on their way to the New York Indian Confederacy, whose headquarters were at Onondaga. Three years after this, in August, 1748, theNanticoke Indians came up the river from the eastern shore of Maryland. A portion of this tribe stopped, at the mouth of Towanda creek. They cleared small Batches of ground, and the squaws planted and raised corn in the ndian fashion — planting year after year in the same hills, the only part of the soil they disturbed in their primitive agriculture. Zeisberger returned to Philadelphia, and. two years later induced Bishop Cammerhoff to accompany him on an expedition to Onondaga. He had deeply interested his superior in the church work along the beautiful Susquehanna. Like the other expeditions, they traveled all the way to Onondaga, making only brief stops at the many small villages along the banks of the stream. AU this time these travelers bivouacked under the twinkling stars, or sought cover in the rude wig wams of the natives, subsisting upon the game that fell in their way, or partaking of the not very delicate viands of the savage repasts. They had become inured to the hard life of travelers in the " terrible wilderness." William Penn, the great and pure man, had made his treaty in 1682 with the Indians, at Shackamaxon, and then for more than sixty years the province was at peace with the savages, and the friendliest inter course existed between these two peoples. When this good man had long passed away, his Christian teaching had been forgotten, and the year that Weiser appeared as a traveler along the Susquehanna, 1737, the arts of deception and diplomacy were introduced in the trades for the Indian lands. Grasping at the possession of the lands and reck lessness of honesty or integrity of their agents became a flagrant part of the intercourse with these simple children of the woods. The " walking purchases," in which lands were measured by walks, began to be used to cheat outrageously. The Delawares refused to recognize a treaty for their possessions of this kind, and would not remove from their lands. These were some of the first symptoms of what followed soon after, and is known in our history as the French war, in which the Indians sided with the French and were the tools of some of the bloodiest massacres in colonial times. After the defeat of Braddock in July, 1755, the whole frontier blazed out in war. In terrible fury the savages poured down upon the scattered defenseless settlers of the frontier. Some of the noted Indians who had been baptized into the church by the Moravian missionaries, apostatized and turned upon the people in implacable hatred. The Bradford county Indians, although some of them, it was supposed, had now become exemplary Christians, especially those at Wyalusing, joined in the war upon the whites and 44 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. forgot all Christian precepts as well as their friendship for the pale faces. The Pontiac war, the most noted in the annals of troubles with Indians, broke upon the country in 1763. Northern Pennsylvania was then the border settlement, the most exposed always to the fierce marauds of the savages. In May, 1760, Christian Fredrick Post, a Polish Prussian, and missionary of the Moravian Church, arrived at Papunhauk's village (Wyalusing), and preached the next day. This was the first sermon, so far as we can know, ever preached in the county. This place had rival chief men, Fapunhauk and Job Chillaway — the latter speaking English fluently. They were Christians, and the Moravian Church sent to that place a missionary, Zeisberger, accompanied by a man named Anthony. Zeisberger was recalled to Bethlehem in 1763. The Moravian converts at Wyalusing were taken to Bethlehem for protec tion from the raiders who were devastating the country. After the Pontiac war these good Indians returned, and the intrepid missionary, Zeisberger, accompanied by a man named Smick and his wife, returned to Wyalusing, where they were permanently stationed in charge of the Indian Church. The place was now re-named — Friedenhiitten — " huts of peace." ' Another Moravian mission was at Sheshequin, at the mouth of Cash creek, where were a few families of the Monsey Indians. This place was reckoned a day's journey from Wyalusing. Rev. Roth was the stationed missionary at this place. On August 4, 1771, his wife gave birth to a child. This is said to be the first white child born in Brad ford countv- CHAPTER IV- THE PIONEERS. A Comparative Study — " The Simple Annals " of the World's Remarkable Men — The Hard Schools of Fate that Produced Them — The Silent Men of the Wilderness — Their Work — The Splendid Results and the Paucity of Resources at their Command — The Men Who Made Emigration a Science and Built an Empire Founded on the Bible— The Saxon and the Gaul — The Fur Trade — The Coureurs des Bois — Etc. THE ripest scholars are realizing that the "simple annals of the poor" is the interesting and most important branch of history; and it will come to pass that the history of nations will no longer be considered written and completed when there is the long and dreary recital of the kings' and princesses' lives and the doings of the royal nur sery and bedchamber, where a great era is marked by a princely birth, baptism or death ; or a long account is given of wars and battles in O^L t^.y^&rr~~r-jr-^r-^ -+r- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 47 which the life and habits of the commander and his doings are the chief objects to be related in the minds of the historian. Once the history of a nation or people was but little more than a rescript of the morning court bulletins ; his supreme, august majesty's menu, and the commotion among the courtiers and vast army of retainers, when he opened for the day his blood-shot eyes; who had the honor of handing his supreme highness the towels; how he swore and kicked his grand' master of the hounds ; and then how the little ones were up betimes, taking their royal porridge from gold spoons, and such other miserable nonsense through volume after volume, to be read with consuming .delight by all the living, and passed on to posterity as "history." Kings and their households, wars and the commanders, and the bloody battles they fought, were for centuries all that was supposed to be worth any attention from the historian. Royalty was everything, the common people nothing. The people believed implicity, because so all were taught, that this was the order of heaven ; that fate had so ordained that one man and his household were to have and enjoy the earth, and that all else was made to slave for and give up their lives at the whim or pleasure of this divinely-born ruler. The people were born to these monstrous beliefs, and the king, gen erally the most ignorant and superstitious of all, believed that he was sent of God to do with the lives of the people what he listed. To be looked upon by the king was a supreme honor, to be touched by his hand was to be cured of even incurable diseases. When he rode abroad, couriers with loud bugle blasts preceded and warned the peo ple to clear the highway, to hide themselves, and to prostrate their bodies in the dirt. The king, though often the lowest and meanest man in the realm, was immaculate, possessing all wisdom, could not sin and could do no wrong. The average king and queen of history, if stripped of the miserable fictions and superstitions concerning their lives, will be found to be a shabby lot, with hardly a redeeming quality or a gleam of superior intelligence in the whole gang. In the nature of things, in the whole of their education, it was not possible for them to be either wise or good men and women. The beliefs drilled I into them, commencing even before they could lisp, were inconsistent with good sense, and, therefore, in violation of all good morals. These wicked superstitions about royalty grew with the ages, like the boys rolling a snowball, until the long sufferings of mankind became so frightful, and then the miseducated turned upon themselves, destroy ing and rending one another, in the belief that it was all the results of their own wickedness and lack of faith and fealty to their " divine ruler." If here and there a genius was born, whp dared to think the least bit aloud in behalf of suffering mankind, they would rush upon him like wild beasts and tear him limb from limb. It is but a brief century or two ago when this was the belief of the generality of mankind. It was an awful sentiment to prevail throughout the half-civilized world, and the marvel will forever remain, how it was possible in such conditions that civilization could advance at all. Yet it has advanced regularly. It is still advancing, notwithstanding that there is yet a very large contingent of men 48 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. making the same obstruction in its wajr that was so marked two cen turies ago. The world slowly emerged from the dark ages — how it did so is one of the mysteries. Certainly man, like other things in creation, possesses inherent forces, that, in the long centuries, can not be resisted to evolve from the lower plane and spirally ascend into the purer air and the warm and better sunshine. The story of the American immigrants — the pioneers of this conti nent — is by far the most important and really the most interesting of any of the great movements of the human race since the earliest dawn of history. It has remapped the entire world. Their first com ing to America, so bravely leading the way for the innumerable throng to follow, was the incomparable era in history, the turning point in the long struggle between ignorance and brutal life and that blessed civilization that is now running so brightly round the world. These early pioneers were the little persecuted bands of the Old World, flee ing from inflictions far worse than death, and in their rude ships brav ing the dangers of the unknown seas on their way to the New World ; fugitives from the inappeasable wrath of their fellow-man, and espec ially of their divinely appointed king, they braved the treacherous ele ments of the waters, to land upon the shores of the cannibal savages, and the dark old forests that were alive with both wild beasts and wilder men, to beat them back or destroy them. Often there were colonies of them that had been fugitives all oyer Europe, and, when stripped of all earthly possessions, with nothing more than stout hearts and resolute hopes, they came across the ocean ; forgetting home and the bones of their dead, and their native land and its childhood memories, they came to create a new civilization. They made emigration a sci ence, and founded the earth's greatest empire upon the old family Bible that they had so carefully kept and guarded in their long wanderings. These little bands, from Florida to Massachusetts, made their landings at points along the shore. Their first concern was a church service, to thank God for the free air they at last were permitted to breathe. These little colonies sometimes utterly perished from the earth, but there were others to take their places and carry on the battle against savagery. What odds, apparently, were against them in this contest, and yet how these feeble beginnings have so quickly conquered and overrun the continent ! The savage man and beast, sickness in its multiple form of new and strange diseases, the absence of all resources to help the grim and hardy old pioneers, were some of the obstacles that they set about overcoming. The circumstances required religious, earnest, brave and hardy men, and such they were supremely. Tbey were made to want freedom because of their cruel persecutions at the hands of their fellow-man. Such an age would naturally create a new and distinct race of men, because man adjusts himself to his environments, and herein in this victory over the vast wilderness was the victory of all mankind, and it has given us the historical era in the movements, the advances and recoils of the human mind. These people had their strong prejudices and mastering super stitions, and perhaps, in their times and circumstances, it were best it HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 49 should be so. They came from the Old World where these things were intrenched in the deep and hopeless ignorance of the masses. They were the first people in the world who in moral affairs looked to God, and in all else looked to themselves. Self-reliance and those nobler qualities of a nobler manhood could only come of such a school. With energies ever alert, and senses whetted to the keenest edge, they slept upon their arms, and from the cradle to the venerable grandsire everyone learned to do picket duty 'over his own life. Their lives are the evidence that the highest possible acquirement of a people is that self-reliance and robust manhood that quails before nothing that is mortal. This was the first loosening movement of men of those bonds that bound our remotest ancestors to the blind faith and adoration of their kings or rulers — that species of national fetich for the stupid or brutal- born king — which grew up in all men's hearts, and that seemed to mul tiply as the royal master descended in the scale of life. Whether it were the new-born babe — a little, animated bundle of scrofula or inher ited blood disease — or whether it were some coarse monster, a moral leper, idiot or madman, it was all the same ; he was their national fetich, and the meaner he was, it seems, the more sacred he became. The first arrivals on American soil that came here for homes arid havens from the cruelties they had left behind, no doubt, were but little aware, either of the permanent effects to come of their move ment, or of the deep causes that impelled them. Indeed, they felt that their loyalty to the king was unabated. Thank God, in this one thing they builded better than they knew ; otherwise we would have had no Revolution, no Washington or Patrick Henry, no liberating of men's minds and bodies from the cruel thrall of the dreary past. The results that come as the effects of men's lives are the only tests by which we can measure the great and small. When we add to this test a consideration of the resources each one had at command then in the history of the race, where is there a people to compare with the American pioneer ? This silent man of the unbroken soli tude, this man of great action and of little speech, this unwritten hero, came and went with no trumpet's blast and blare, no note of fame, no shouting rabble nor train of flatterers — indeed with no other thought but that he was of no more consequence to the great world at large than the wild game he pursued and killed; yet in his greatest obscur ity and humility he stood side by side with man}' of the world's celeb rities, how incomparably would he rise above them. Our young school children learn to look with interest at the rather cheap wood-cut in the old school books, representing Napoleon on his white horse, his martial cloak fluttering in the breeze, as at the head of his army he is seen crossing the Alps. He is the "Young Corsican," the " Little Corporal," the " Great Emperor," at the head of his invincible army and its fluttering eagles, on his mission of death and woe, conquering and subjugating the world by sword and fire. Kings were his playthings, and empire was his booty. It was new and ple- bian blood among the effete and nerveless royal breeding nests of the Old World. In his earlier and the better part of this wanderer's career 50 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the bluest blood from the longest line of royal ancestors was no more to him than that of the humblest soldier of the line. We can not know the bounds of this man's original ambition. Whatever it was, there is but little doubt that in time it changed, and instead of being the world's liberator he would be its conqueror and oppressor. No man has ever yet met and missed so great an opportunity as did Napoleon. Had he devoted his genius to the true welfare of mankind — liberated them, and then by his military power forced them to accept the libera tion and to recast their thoughts on the subject of every man's right to absolute liberty, instead of driving to the one mean and low thing of becoming the great emperor, of simply destroying existing dynas ties to supplant them with yet more cruel ones, how different might the story of Europe have been to what it is now. How radically dif ferent might have been the memory of himself left as the world's legacy. If this man ever were great, he fell from that high estate, perished ignobly, and is now literally nothing to the world. Had Napoleon been smothered in his cradle, it would have been no loss to mankind. His life was not great, because it was not good. He cared only for his own aggrandizement, and was indifferent as to the cost to mankind. It was a feverish, turbulent life, ending, as it deserved, in wreck and ruin, and the drunken Parisian mob, when it toppled over the great mausoleum that held his remains, were nearer in accord with the eternal fitness of things than were the mistaken authorities who taxed the poor unpaid laborers of France to build the glittering obe lisk. There is many a costly marble or granite pile standing guard over the moldering remains of some of the world's most conspicuous shams and frauds. To the clear-eyed man they are mere sores and blotches on the fair face of the earth, the ugly evidences of so much unpaid or slave labor, and are so many wretched object lessons to teach the young minds to meanly admire a mean thing. No monuments, mausoleums, tall shafts, halls or great art buildings have ever yet been reared to the memory of the original pioneers of America. The most of them sleep in long-forgotten graves ; in the deep woods, on the mountain-side, by the bubbling spring, at the outer edge of the ancient "clearin'," anywhere that was most conven ient, were buried these men as they fell with their faces toward the com mon enemy of civilization, scalped so often by the savage, and left to the wild animals, and their scattered bones carried to the dens of ravening beasts. These heroes were standing picket-guards for the oncoming civilization, for us, and the comforts and luxuries we now enjoy. In the ceaseless struggle that was going on, there was not even time to stop and mourn over the fallen brave, but as one would' go down there in time were two to take his place. How far nobler were the aim and end of these humble men's lives than was that of Napoleon ! His was to conquer, enslave and destroy by fire and sword. Theirs was to reclaim, to make us homes, to lift up our civilization, and bring peace and permanent happiness; to supplant savagery with gentle intelli gence, and build the empire of thought over the ruins of brute force. Here are the results of the unwritten, obscurest of men's lives placed side by side with the world's great military hero, the subject HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 51 somewhat stripped of this unreasoning adoration of the world's aver age fetich. It is the contrast of the truly noble by the side of the admired and ignoble. It is the attempt, however feeble it may be, to direct the thoughts of men into higher and better channels. It is one of the true lessons of real history. It is worth imprinting on the minds ofthe young, and should be blazoned on the walls of the school-rooms, and hung in the halls and porches of the great institutions of learning. To produce such a grand race of men required a long course of preliminary preparation. Their love of freedom and their hatred of tyranny, their stubborn and resolute natures, to rising above that feel ing of helpless dependence upon assumed superiors ; that peculiar frame of mind that dared anywhere and upon every emergency to rely upon itself and its own inherent resources, where no aid could come from others, where there were none of the arts or helps of civilization to call upon in sickness, in hunger, in death or birth ; no church, school, physician, blacksmith, mills, no nothing, save the implacable foes that fairly rose up out of the earth in legions to oppose his coming. The swarms of parasite and venomous insects, the rattling, hissing reptiles spotted with deadly beauty ; the howls of the hungry wolves, the pierc ing screams of the panthers, and the savage war-whoops that oft woke the sleep of the cradle, were some of the things against which were raised the bare hands of the white man. Had these men stopped to count the odds against them, they surely would never have come — flying from present ills to those we know not of, and they did not stop, but, fearless and unconquerable, they moved ever to the front, shoulder to shoulder, silent and resistless. Mostly it is to the severe religious persecutions that three centuries ago overran Europe that we owe the people that came and the con quering of the New World. This severe and bloody era was much of the preparatory school that bred the virile races of men destined to conquer and possess the wilderness, and cause it to bloom in peace ful civilization. They were in the hunt of homes and the free temples of God, to worship and adore the Heavenly Master with none to molest or make afraid. Here are now some of the results of these long and cruel persecutions. They were the fiery ordeals that brought forth the men and women, equipped for the great work that lay before them. The Old World was sadly and cruelly governed, and of all these the bloodiest was that of Great Britain. Here were the peculiar, strong people, made to oppress, and to resist. On the one side full of the spirit of revolt, on the other simply savage and pitiless in repres sion. Wild and unreasoning in their adoration and fealty to the crowned head, yet those rugged, wild, carousing old barons would lay down their lives for the king as readily to-day as they would chop off his head to morrow. Among no other people in the world's history would the nasal-twanged fanatic, Cromwell, and his terrible following have been possible. He was the noblest fetich smasher, particularly that ancient and deep delusion of " the divinity of kings," that has appeared since creation began. He enjoyed beheading kings and princelets, shooting lords and confiscating their landed estates, and he 52 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. picked up tinkers, hostlers, scavengers, anybody, the lower in the old order of society the better, in the hunt for men, real men without the tinsel trappings, and made them premiers, judges, chancellors and high state officers, and his psalm-singing, praying army was a flaming sword and the fiery blast. Think of the man as you may, yet who can withhold some meed of praise and admiration for the sovereign contempt with which he kicked over the nation's idols, the assumed human divinities, bowed to by the nation as fetiches? Cromwell's school was the seed of America, its possession and independence. Back in the Old World, its travails, its persecutions and its bloody schools were laid the preparations and making possible North Amer ica, and to-day, here as everywhere and in all time, are effects follow ing causes. The Saxon and the Gaul, impelled by the same motives, came in parallel lines, crossed and re-crossed each other's paths in the wilder ness. The immigrants to the New World were at first lured into the deeper forests by the fur trade, and the glittering wealth from this source was the incentive that bore along that wave of humanity that has covered finally the continent from shore to shore. The French about Quebec were originally the most successful in getting the fur trade. Among them grew up a remarkable class of men known to history as the coureurs des bois — translated — "travelers ofthe woods." The peculiar times as well as people were necessary to produce this distinct class of men. They were land sailors, and something of their remains may now be seen among the western cow-boys of the plains. They were young Frenchmen who had come to or had grown up in this country, who upon the slightest taste of nomadic life in the wilderness were enchanted by it, and they threw off the stern morals of the churchmen who were in control of Canada, and repelled by austerity at home and allured by absolute freedom toward the wild wood, they practically abandoned civilized life and adopted that of the wild man. They traveled, did these brave pioneers, among the Indians, learned their ways of capturing game and living, and these brave and hardy young men soon became much as naked barbarians. Their long light bark canoes shot around the bends of the rivers, floated along the cur rents of the smaller streams, or were carried over the portage here and there ; they struck into the dark old woods, scaled the steepest hills and passed over the tallest mountains, and to every tribe and Indian village they traveled and were welcomed for the bright trinkets and fire water that they exchanged for pelts and furs. Sailor-like, these voyagers in the woods married squaws with great impartiality in nearly every tribe and village after the Indian fashion. The Indian law required the purchase of wives for an agreed time, and these rollicking young out laws no doubt often for a single colored glass bead completed the wed ding trade for as many days as they would remain trading at that particular place. They in time could equal, if not excel, the Indian in making the light canoe, and then in handling it on the water. They were expert hunters and marksmen with the long old-style matoh-lock guns, and they could make and use the bow and arrow. They spoke the Indian language, and in meeting a new tribe with a new language HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 53 they could readily by signs make their wants understood by the strangers. They learned the streams and the country well, and were familiar with the Susquehanna and its branches for nearly a century before the pioneer settlers followed them to possess and hold it. While the authorities at Quebec were greatly scandalized by the immoral and reckless lives of these men, and enacted severe laws against them, yet they increased in numbers and were the builders of the fur' trade that came to be the chief concern of the contending English and French at one time. These voyagers built up an impor tant trade, as well as being the first to visit nearly every part of the unknown land. They would load their canoes with the little provision necessary, and the trinkets to trade and go out on their fifteen months' expedition, and return laden with valuable furs. These they would sell to the merchants, and then in a few days' drunken debauch spend the entire proceeds, often selling the last rag of new clothes they had purchased on their arrival, and when everything was gone go to the trader and on credit get their meager supplies and outfit, and start on another fifteen months' expedition. Their commissary supplies were hominy and bear's grease — a bushel of lye hominy and two pounds of grease was a month's subsistence. To this meager fare they added but little of such as they could readily get, and on it fared abundantly. When the adjustments of war came, these coureurs were the nucleus of armies that could successfully contend with the cunning and scattered savages in the forests and the swamps. CHAPTER V. EARLY SETTLERS. To the Commencement of the Revolution — During the War the Country Abandoned by the Whites — Marauding Indians — fox and shufelt, the flrst settlers — llst of those follow ING Them — First of the Susquehanna Company — The First Discoverers Unknown — Appearance of the Country — A Boy and Leather Breeches — Etc. AMONG the early immigrants to America, a strong and marked race of people were the Dutch ; these were among the first on the south line of the State — the oldest settled portions outside of the city of Philadelphia. Bradford county, being in the extreme northern portion of the commonwealth, was not settled for nearly one hundred years after the Dutch and Scotch-Irish had reduced to possession the bay and the mouth of the Susquehanna river. And. here came the German Palatines, a people that were denounced in the father-land as religious outlaws, and had been driven out and turned their faces toward the New World, and landing in New York had located their 54 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. colony in Schoharie county. It is said the British settlers had placed these Palatines between them and the Indians as a protecting shield against the incursion of the barbarians — the strong and warlike Mohawks. Many of these people were not pleased with their treatment at the hands of the English of New York, and cast about for a new location. They heard of Penn's Woods, and many of them came in scattering bands to^ this province as early as 1727, and as they came from the North down, the Delaware and then again from the Mohawk, the short portage to the Susquehanna, and once upon the latter stream they would naturally float down and the moment the current brought them to what is now Bradford county, they beheld the beautiful land and coveted it. It is not known how early the first of these daring explorers discovered the northern part of the Susquehanna river; nor is it more than conjecture whether the hunters and trappers were here before them or not. The reasonable supposition is that for at least a hundred years before the Palatines had migrated from the Old World, all this region of country along the Susquehanna was known to the whites. Who were they ? And when did the white-faced discoverer come ? These are questions that echo only can give any answer to. The Palatines came in 1710 to New York ; how soon after this they were here is not now knowable. The best that is known is that in 1737, when the Moravian interpreter, Conrad Weiser, came up the river on his way from Philadelphia to the Six Nations, in the Genesee country, he found some of these Germans at Wyoming trying to buy lands of the Indians. Rudolph Fox. — In the month of May, 1770, came two of those German relatives— Rudolph Fox and Peter Shuefelt [in time spelled " Shoefelt"]. Fox stopped at the mouth of Towanda creek, immedi ately south of the borough, Towanda and Shoefelt continued on to where is Frenchtown. These were the first white families who under took the work of making permanent homes in what is Bradford county, whoever may have been here as mere travelers or hunters and trappers before them. The Penns had sent surveyors up the river, as high as Wyalusing, for the purpose of making surveys and allotting lands in that vicinity as early as 1769— a year before Fox and Shoefelt came. Then, too, at or about the same time as these men, came the Connecticut people ; they had not only long been fully acquainted with the beautiful country on the upper Susquehanna, but were ready to come and lay claim to it in the name of " The Susquehanna Com pany." And the meager first arrivals from Connecticut were about the same time, or soon after, of Fox and Shoefelt. Some idea of the sociability of the first to arrive is seen in the fact that Fox settled at the mouth of Towanda creek, while Shoefelt continued on down to Frenchtown— these men were of the kind that wanted breathing room evidently — they had come from the Old World, crowded and cramped with wrong and oppression ; where liberty was scourged and coffined, and the very air was laden with taxation and tyranny ; where rulers were many and great, and where the people were worse than mere chatties; where ignorance and vileness were worshiped as " the King who can do no wrong," and equally the masses could do " no „-JK_ ¦HL mjlw?<;- '''¦¦¦' *ip^ Srf&^&fr^; & HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 57 right ; " where whatever ruled was a sacred fetich — the self-assumed vicegerents of God, born to waste in worse than drunken debauchery the hard and never-ending toil and bread of life of the people ; where the ruling powers were rich aristocrats, who taxed and exacted the very heart's blood of all men; where the governments were paternal in all powers over the people; where men were educated into ignorance far below the dull ox on the hill sides ; where men's beliefs, from in heritance and wrong education through generations, were simply stolid and absurd. The most venomous idea in this world is the long-drawn- out beliefs that man, in his aggregate, must have a supreme ruling head, born so, and whether a scrofulous infant, full-grown idiot, mad man or a two-legged impotent animal in the prime of life, utterly base, low and vile, ignorant or brutal, yet always the "good king" with supreme power to tax, to oppress and destroy. They are all rulers, sacred heads of the society or government, the most of whom have been worshiped because they have been utterly vile. Some barbaric peo ples have worshiped toads, lizards, snakes, alligators and man-eating tigers, and other peoples who worship kings and princelings for their national fetiches speak of and regard with contempt the snake wor shipers; but would not a modicum of sense reverse all this and justify the wild barbarian's contempt for this boasted better civilization? No man-eating tiger god was ever half so evil as the average royal rulers the world over. The worship of the toad is a harmless lunacy com pared to that of any of the " divine rulers," that can " do no wrong," the average " infallible head " or ruler, whether king, junta, head and supreme war-makers and governors — the whole race of born ' paternalists from Alpha to Omega. The bee-hives have their queen and their drones and innumerable workers. The queen is born in her regal cell, and is fed on queen food. The workers sting the drones to death at the end of the season and cast out their dead bodies ; all but one of the queens are destroyed, and that one, wjhile she does not go to the field with the workers to gather stores of honey, yet she has her duties and lays all the eggs for the colony that in time is to go out and make new hives. She is a real queen, a good queen, but never yet has she tried to tax all her workers and take from them all the honey they had gathered during the long summer. And these little insects have ages and ages ago reached a perfection of good sense and social organization that compared to the best that man has been able to do, is an ideal government; a high water-mark of intelligence that poor dumb man it seems can never hope to attain. The most astounding thing of all in human nature is the unshakable tenacity with which men cling to ancient, disgusting practices. Suppose that you could put a million of men, the wisest the greatest and best men in all , the world, chosen from every quarter of the globe, on some new world to themselves, and surround them with everything that goes to make them great, happy and contented ; they would not be in their new place ten days before there would be a convention called to select an all-wise, paternal ruler, — a taxer, who could fix at will the amount of tribute the others should pay him for fine houses, palaces, servants and standing armies, — his chief business would be to build harems and i 58 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. call about him his favorites to help spend in waste, extravagance and debauches the hard-earned substance of the people, and, as a rule, the more intolerably infernal he would become the more wildly worshiped he would be. Well, every forty years or less an entire new generation of the fourteen hundred million people on the earth is born. This entire new race find things just about as their fore fathers found them, and that settles it; the man who dares to ask "Why" ? is in immediate danger of losing not only his reputation but his life. Possibly this is the divine order ; that we are so constituted that we can in no other way be happy than by being completely miserable, so we balance the books by striking the balance sheet between opti mists and pessimists. The very dreams of the wildest theorists build their Utopias on the old plan, invariably; they can and have worked out some beautiful con ditions and theoretical lofty surroundings, but the foundations, the fundamental ideas are those simply of the good old cannibal king of pre-historic times, — a "divine" taxer, and lest poor man might escape government paternalism somewhere in the great futurity, there are watchful gatekeepers to the high walls on his every pathway. In this respect, the wildest barbarians, yet too wild and crude to form tribal relations, without fire and naked, fighting for life on the outer borders of brute creation, at least are not taxed, are not blessed or cursed with a paternal ruler. The first arrivals of the Susquehanna Company came to Bradford county in 1774 — «four years after the arrival of Fox and Shoefelt. They had built their little bark huts, much after the Indian fashion, and enlarged the " deadenings " about them, and were now raising a little corn and a few vegetables, and had ponies and cows, and from the streams and the woods all the meat they wanted. When the ground was cleared enough for the sun's rays to play freely upon it, the rudest cultivation yielded the greatest returns. These first arrivals surveyed for themselves the long east and west townships, Wyalusing and Standing Stone. Among these settlers were James Welles and Robert Carr, at Wyalusing ; Edward Hicks, at Sugar Run ; Benjamin Budd, at Terrytown ; Anthony Rummerfield, at Rummerfield ; the Vari- Valkenbergs, at Misiscum ; Lemuel Fitch, at Standing Stone, and John Lord, at Sheshequin. St. John de Creve Cceur, a Frenchman, passed up the Susquehanna river, with Indian guides, in 1774. A report of his exploration was published some time after in France. He was an educated man and a close observer ; he says : " On the fifth day we arrived at Wyalusing, situated ninety miles from Wilkesbury. It is a plain of considerable extent .and of great fertility. I observed that the blue grass had been replaced by white clover with which the pastures were covered. There were as yet only a few families living along the river. Their cattle were of great beauty. * * * Passing up the river they showed me the remains of the ancient villages of the Senecas — Sissusing (Sheshequin) Teoga, Shamond (Chemung), etc. After three days' navigation, always against the current, we landed at Anaquaga, one hundred and eighty miles from Wilkesbury." HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 59 By the next year, 1775, the Proprietories had made grants and set off and surveyed them to the grantees. Among others was that of Casper Hoover, nearly opposite the Dodge farm, at the upper end of Terrytown. Henry Pawling, of Providence, in 1775, purchased of Job Chillo- way, the Indian, the valley of Wyalusing and four rights in the Sus quehanna Company, adjoining, and that year, with his three sons, Benjamin, Jesse and William, settled on their land. With this family came Isaac Hancock, as tenant and housekeeper, and, as laborers, they brought Richard Berry and a man named Page. The three Pauldings were young men who afterward were known as among the wealthy, influential people of the county. The Pawlings for years lived on the site of the old Moravian Indian town. Isaiah Pasco lived just north or above them on a lot owned by Elihu Williams, and still further on was James Welles and family, near where the old Foley house stood ; Nathan Kingsley was a few rods above the depot ; Amos York on the John Hollenback farm, and near him his nephew, Miner Robbins. Capt. Robert Carr was on the north of Wyalusing creek ; he sold to James Forsythe, and he in turn to Abraham Bowman. In 1777, settlements were made near where is Camptown in Wyalu sing, and also along the river at Asylum, Standing Stone, Macedonia, Wysauking, Towanda, Lower Sheshequin and at Sugar creek, Philip Painter and Leonard Lott were in Wilmot, on the Gamble place. Benjamin Budd and his three sons, John, Joseph and Asa, and also Parker Wilson were located at Terrytown. Peter Shoefelt, companion in the coming of Rudolph Fox, was at Frenchtown, where were also James Forsythe, Samuel Ketchum (his place afterward was the Willian Storr's place) and Samuel Cole and family ; Jacob Bruner and Stephen Sara were at Macedonia. Anthony Rummerfield was the first settler on Rummerfield creek, and that stream bears his name ; and at Standing Stone was Simon Spalding, Lemuel Fitch, fourof the VanAlstynes, Henry Birney, Charles Anger, John Pencil and Adam Simmons ; these were mostly just below the York narrows. The Van Valkenbergs and Stropes were near the mouth of Wysox creek ; William Nelson, on the Banning place ; Isaac Larraway, senior and junior, and Samuel Showers were on the flats nearly opposite Towanda. Jacob Bowman was one of the first close neighbors of Rudolph Fox and Capt. John Bortles had made his "pitch" up the Towanda creek toward Monroeton ; John Neeley was at Greenwood. John Lord had settled in Sheshequin, on the Gore place, and he soon sold to William Stewart. At Tioga point was John Secord, family and two grown sons, James and Cyrus. A full account of the settlers at this point will be found in the chapter, " Athens Township." These constituted the beginnings of the " Happy Valley," at all events would have been, not only the happy, but as well the magically growing valley, had not cruel circumstances — in one sense like fate itself — come upon the people. There were the fewest of people, and 60 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. only the wide-scattered, rudest of huts with their bark coverings — without schools, churches, courts, officials, police, culprits, palaces, paupers, penitentiaries, or preachers, these people were laying the foundations of peace, happiness, wealth and a great empire ; they were a law unto themselves — industrious, frugal, honest and intelligent — the world's fairest models of self-government; living examples of how very little men need governing when really left by rulers to govern themselves. A healthy, robust public opinion was the strong, supreme law of the land, before which the most hardened outlaw slunk away from the sight of men as do the ferocious wild beasts and the venom ous vipers. A blue-coated policeman with his brass buttons and tin star would have been to these simple-minded pioneers as veritable a show as the elephant and his keeper pulling himself up by his tusks and poking his head in the animal's wide-extended mouth. Think of a police court every morning consigning the poor over-night drunks to the rock-pile in those primitive days ! About the only officer of the government they ever knew was the tax-collector, and he was not seriously dreaded, for, even though the nation was young, as all sup posed, hopelessly in debt, all her great institutions to build, yet the tax was then but a fraction, of a cent to where it is now dollars. Money was very scarce, but so were paupers and millionaires. The modern reader need not shudder in pity over these "simple annals of the poor " — they were the contented poor, with little or none of that sordid greed that has been the fruitful source of so much of man's inhumanity to man. With none of the glittering and costly trappings of state, hardly able to realize they had a tax-gatherer, they had set about the noble life-work before them, and the rainbow of promise spanned their eastern sky. But in a moment through their " sweetest of the plains " went driving the plowshare of war — -the people rose up against their horrid King fetich, whose cruelties had driven the iron into their very souls, and finally on the altars of liberty they staked their fortunes and sacred honor. Driven to rebellion they were rebels, outlaws, with a price set upon their heads, and for seven long, dreary, cruel years the cloud of war hung over the land, the invading enemy on one hand, open and secret foes and spies in their own midst, and the prowling, pitiless red savages in the rear, marking the trail of his marauds by the smoldering ruins of pioneer cabins and the bloodiest of massa cres. Did these men and women, think you, realize that all this infliction had come upon them because they and their ancestors had held to the implicit faith of the "divinity of kings," the right of taxing at will the people? They were not in a condition possibly to know that the only "divine" thing in this world is every human being's right to " liberty and the pursuit of happiness," absolute and unrestricted. The roar of resounding arms — the harsh tocsin of war drove out the people from the fair and happy valleys of the upper Susquehanna, and armed men in serried columns cut highways through these forests, where were only the few and small deadenings and blind paths before. The people fled for their lives to the forts in the older and heavier settlements, the men as best they could conveying their families to HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 61 places of comparative safety for the time, having, when they left their backwoods cabins, left crops and kine behind them and departed at a moment's notice often; and, as soon as the general rendezvous was reached, they would shoulder their rifles and join the army, and go forth with their lives in their hands — the long and indescribable cruel ties and sufferings of war, invasion, rapine, "hired Hessians" murdering for lucre, and painted savages for even less compensation, the miserable instinct of cruelty confronting these men — pickets in the fore of civilization, and behind them were their wives and babes and the dark, uncertain hope that hung only as a deep pall above them. For seven long years Bradford county was again the gloomy, silent wilderness, with no sign of life save that of the fierce growl of fighting wild beasts, the war-whoops of fiercer men, or the crack of the long black rifle, as some enemy of mankind bit the dust and laid his bones to bleach on the hill-side. The women and children to the forts, the men to war and the rare Tory to Canada, and the upper Susquehanna was again a lonely desert. On the heels of the fugitive pioneers came the Indian marauders, headed by Englishmen, determined to stamp out forever all rebellion against the "sacred King" — wash it out in blood and burn it up with fire, and behind these pitiless woods' people was the great English Empire — the bloody Anglo-Saxon, turning in inappeasable wrath upon his own kith and kin, unleashing the dogs of cruel, horrid war. The forts were besieged and overpowered, and the bloodiest border massacres of the Revolution were enacted along the banks of the beautiful blue Susquehanna, when finally Washington sent Gen. Sullivan's expedition, and then the heavy heel of the Son of Man came with one fell crushing blow upon the head of the serpent. Gen. Sullivan cleared the beautiful valley of these .devils incarnate, killing the men as fast as he could reach them, and then destroying their villages, driving off their stock and destroying the last vestiges of their crops — a very lesson of destruction both to the savages and their white allies. Then again the white man began to venture on these grounds ; hunt out the little spot where stood the cabin, now gone in smoke and a scattered handful of ashes, and the unconquerable pioneer, undaunted, set about the work of re-making his wilderness home. Nothing can be more tiresome than that dyspeptic sentiment- alism that is now possible at rare intervals among American writers, who carp at what they call Sullivan's cruelty to "Lo, the poor Indian," on the occasion of his expedition. Red or white, he struck to kill, as was his high and holy duty, and these hysterical outgivings — carpings that he came with real soldiers, instead of praying missionary women, to appease with gifts and burning aromatic incense these children of Satan — is a travesty upon common sense. Hardly was the ink dry on the parchment that contained the treaty of peace when the eager Susquehanna settlers were again ready to pour into the valley and build anew their cabins on the little spot of ashes that was the only remains of their former homes. This border land for more than seven years had been the scene of the march of sol diers and the stealthy, prowling men in moccasins and their white con- querers. These had crossed and recrossed each other's tracks-the white 62 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. man most often in hot pursuit of some band fleeing from the lower settle ments where they had swooped down in the darkness and committed some horrid slaughter and stolen the horses and cattle of their poor vic tims ; many of their acts of refined cruelty were in stealing the children of the whites and carrying them away and keeping them in captivity, leaving a poor mother to waste the remaining years of her life in the pursuit or vain hope of recovering their precious babes. A little girl child was stolen and carried up the Susquehanna and adopted into the tribe, and was never again found by friends until long after she was a woman and the wife or squaw of an Indian. She refused at that late day to return to friends and civilization. Much additional particulars will be given of these pioneers in the respective chapters relating to the thirty-seven townships that consti tute Bradford county. It is enough to say here that the development of the county was slow indeed — the people came in a little stream and never in swarms or colonies, as has been the case in some of the Far- West new territories. They encountered many obstacles then that are known not of in this age. For fifty years the advance was so slow that it was hardly more than perceptible; the dark old woods melted away reluctantly, and easy or rapid transportation was unknown to them. The children of even the most favored or wealthy, while they had nearly everything they wanted, were ignorant even of luxuries such as our present children demand as common necessities. Many a young man of that day was big and old enough to go " a-sparking " — that is what they called love-making in those simple, honest days, before he had become the happy possessor of a pair of boots. The young man of to-day breathes nearly a different atmosphere to that of the boys or young men of fifty years ago. One of these old-time boys, whose head is now white with many winters, recently recounted some thing of his boyhood to his interested listeners. He was born in Bradford county of parents of more than the average advantages of wealth. He remembers every process of raising the flax and clipping the wool, and from that to the home-made clothes that dressed the en tire family; how the ox was slaughtered in the fall, and the younger cattle in the spring and summer, and the hides were carried to the tannery and returned home ; and then the annual visit of the shoe maker shod all around, the big and little in footwear that was worn with infinite pride, but each pair must last a whole year; how when he was large enough he hired out and rode one of the neighbor's plow horses while the man plowed his crop of corn, and three days the boy thus endured the sharp bare back; and when the man settled up he paid him two ten-cent silver coins — a picayune a day, and how, while he pocketed his wages in silence, as he trudged his way home, he took the coins out of his pocket and threw them into the brush by the wayside and hated the man most cordially all his life for his mean ness. This man could draw a vivid picture of his boy life in this then comparatively new country, especially in the long walks the chil dren often took to the log cabin school house, and while it was before the day of free schools, yet a large family of children then cost their parents less outlay of cash to educate them than each average child HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 63 now costs. This venerable man can tell you that in his young manhood he commenced life for himself, without capital or even the backing of strong friends, and opened a store, and at one time sold more goods every week from his store in Towanda than is now sold in the same length of time from all the many stores in the borough. While the boys of to-day will hear of the boys of fifty years ago, and pity them, yet it is a fact that the young man of to-day is under very many disadvantages in the comparison of then and now. Now, unless the young man has inherited capita^ he must seek employ ment as a rule from others, and it is very much more difficult to become an employer of others than it was at one time. Capital and society have been recast. Capital has been aggregating, and the small beginners are smothered out ; the country store, with its limited stock of goods, is more nearlv in direct competition with the great city stores than formerly ; and so of every other branch of business. The avenues to success are being slowly but surely closed up — fewer employers, and the army of employes constantly growing and expanding. In such surroundings the struggle for life, with all those who must struggle at all, will grow harder and harder. To use a phrase that is not exact — national wealth will more rapidly increase in these conditions, but so will the numbers of the poor and, alas, too, the numbers of those out of employment and seeking it. While stagnation is death, yet all change is not improvement. Tt is easy for us to say our society is now better — the nearest perfect the world has seen ; that we have those things that contribute to our happiness in the highest degree ; that our schools and churches and the laws are better than ever known to the world before. There are pros and cons to all this self-laudation. We have better food, clothing, houses and drainage, and the average of life is longer than it was when our ancestors were first struggling here ; but we have more penal institutions, asylums, feeble-minded homes, soup houses and actual starvation; crimes wholly unknown and a class of criminals that our grandfathers never heard of; and one feature that is wholly new, and that is the bequest or gift outright by one individual of the enor mous, sum of six million dollars to the church and school, and hundreds of others giving nearly similar amounts, and yet the State has taken charge of educating our children, and from free schools and endowed universities and colleges laws are being passed to compel parents to send their children to school. And, amid it all, the demand exceeds the supply on every hand, except on the evil side. Honest simplicity is never an ungainly thing — it may call for a smile of pity, but never a tear. Phenomenal school children, cunning and tricky street Arabs of the city may know many things that George Washington never learned. The dullard boy of to-day knows more of fast living than did the brightest boy a hundred years ago; but does he live longer or enjoy it more ? A Boy and Leather Breeches. — At the beginning of this century one of the sore needs of the people was wool with which to make clothing. The scarcity of this article was the mother of the idea of dressing deer-skins and making clothing. They were soon able to dress these skins-, and they were soft and pliable, and the art of giving 64 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. them a slight buff color was learned, and when made into trousers they resembled modern nankeen, and to this was soon added a bright color for the fringe around the deer-skin hunting shirts — these were soon worn with as much pride as a militiaman once strolled under his waving rooster feathers. " -Doeskin" pants, as these leather trousers were sometimes called, were no doubt in their time quite dudish. The pioneers had their own amusements, and had more time to be amused than have our modern gekrich-quick people. They had far greater wealth then than now, in the way of dogs and many children; and if in the family was a rat-tailed spotted horse, the big boys of that fortun ate household were, not only rich, but happy. Fifteen children and forty- two grandchildren, to say nothing of the great-grandchildren, reveled in all the needed prospective wealth, of the eldest male Monte Cristo, in the "old man's" long, squirrel gun, and the short, slim-tailed spotted horse, that in the course of- nature would come to the expectant and hopeful heirs.- It is a portentous fact that these peculiar guns and horses were far rarer in those good old times than are railroads and millionaire bondholders now; and the prospective heir was far more happy, as well he might be; and we know that great and splendid wealth is wholly in the variety of the dower, and not in any intrinsic values. For instance, our modern idiots dote on diamonds and similar miserable and useless trash, all not only worthless, but worse than bubbles. CoraPare these with cur dogs, sixteen children and a rat-tailed "spotted horse and a flint-lock, long-barreled squirrel gun, and' then ! please exploit yourself "a ass" in the stupid faith that the new order 'may smile in contemptuous pity upon the great past. Poverty then- and; riches now, no sir! 'It is base diamond-crowned delusion now, and it was the gun and pony then — real substantial wealth' versus a lunatic's dream. A glint of sunlight is worth more than all' the; diamonds and rubies the whole world has ever contained — and a dog, flint-lock- and a calico pony, granting him a fair share of pole-evil and ^string-halt, is -a solid., intrinsic reality ; a real wealth to dower fifteen towsley brats, and make them lords and ladies all. Then, too, the pioneers and their " brats " had amusements far better than anything we now know. Sugar-making camps in the early spring, when the sweet sap from the maple'fiows, when the whole neighborhood would go to the woods and camp and make sugar and tha,t dark and delicious syrup. Why our effete youngsters know not enough to dream in their lifeless way of real fun — life in its highest and best form. One hundred vears ago the people knew how to reallv live— live for all that healthy, bounding life is worth. The woods were full of game and the streams of fish, and hunting, trapping and fishing commenced as soon as children could toddle, and continued with no game laws interfering, as long as old age could again toddle. The nightly concerts of the wolves and panthers would literally knock silly our make-believe tragic operas ; two gew-gawed " lumaxes " singing out their mad duel, fought with paper swords, and another fellow stabbing himself with a bar of soft soap, accompanying the act with such boss bullfrog croaking as of itself ought to kill the lunatic as well as the audience. The pioneers had great hunting frolics, log 'MS. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 67 rollings, and real courting that was give-and-take like the strokes from a blind mule's hind quarters compared to this modern dude-lolling. Towanda creek especially was noted for the number of its rattle snakes, and nearly every year hunting parties were organized, and at the meet divided off under captains, and contest as to which party could kill the greatest number of rattlers. Our modern men hunt snakes, but the kind that is corked up in bottles, whose bite is so intoxicating that men seek them out and actually pay so much a nip. And other things have changed as much as ancient and modern snake hunting. One of the old-time boys, so old that he remembers an incident in his life that occurred eighty years ago, relates the following : He was promised that if he would for the next month be a real good boy — that is, work to the utmost limit of endurance — then he might go afoot five miles to the shop and see the man pound hot iron. His imagination was fired at the very thought — was ever a boy so rich in anticipation — a real blacksmith and pounding hot iron and the sparks fly ing in every direction and they never burned up the smithy, — a sure enough king of fire, and his parents had promised him an afternoon holiday to go and see all this for himself! Time with that boy now lingered, loitered and fooled away his gallop along the way incom parably slower than it now does with the hard-up young man who knows the " old man " has made his will and there's millions in it for him, except the old man is awful healthy — has neither manners nor regards for his only hopeful and chip-of-the-old-block son ; if the lov ing son only had energy enough he would poison the old duffer. But this is wandering from the boy that, if the slow-coach time ever did get around, was going to see the hot iron pounded. His mother and sis ters realized that the boy must have different clothes — must be dressed well, as well as all over, to go on that great expedition ; he had a pair of "doeskin" trousers and roundabout of the same, and on a pinch could wear his father's moccasins, but he had no cap ; a solemn coun cil convened, and as a result of its deliberations a cat was killed, the skin dressed with the tail left hanging down his back for a queue. The great day did arrive and the boy went, and as good luck would have it the smithy was not too drunk to7 work, and his visions were more than realized. The smithy, with a tooth for enjoyment, took in the situation when the gawking boy was looking on so intently as he worked the bellows and slyly spat on the anvil and jerked out the white heated metal and struck it a tremendous blow, and the loud explosion nearlv frightened the lad to death, and he confesses that he was a married man and had children before he had any other thought but that the anvil, the hammer and the smithy had all exploded at the same time — a veritable cataclysm to him, and that the creature was supernatural was evidenced that it could not kill him, as he pounded away right merrily. When that boy returned he was the hero of all the children for many miles around — all of them went to church, or meeting rather, the following Sunday to see him. The nods, frowns and thumb-jerking of the old folks could not control them — the good divine thundered his 68 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. thirty -seventhly louder, but in vain ; the children for once did not quake when he, a last resort with the good Shepherd when all else failed to interest the people, as he called it, would " lift the leds of hell and show them the fires," the children, the boys especially, had heard that before, but had never before known a boy that had been up to see hot iron pounded, and the poor preacher, parents, pickled rods, etc., were unheeded, and they gathered about the real hero of the day, who told them all he saw ; that is all that he had words to express. Happily, children can make themselves understood to children, and there was never a boy at meeting that day but who went home with the high resolve that, come what might, some day he too would go and see the blacksmith pound hot iron — utterly reckless of consequences, some day when he had a pair of " doeskin " trousers, like those his big brother always wore when he went a-courting, he would go and his mother and sisters could not scare him out of it, especially if he could get his hair roached, and look big and not afraid ; hadn't he already gone clear out to the wood-pile one night, and although he heard a screech-owl he held onto his armful of wood and landed it, with a good deal of clatter, it is true, on the floor by the chimney corner — and then foolish girls talk to him about being afraid of pounded hot iron, even if everything and smithy too did burst, what of it? — go he would! Simply as a matter of relish of life can you imagine anything, any where of modern days, that in the least compares with this instance in pioneer life ? All true life is in the mind's excitation, the mental exul tation in expectancy that fills the cup to the brim and it overflows. It is but one in every pioneer family of the land, where things were pure and primitive — when neither children nor grown persons died of ennui — when children had hardly anything as toys or luxuries that could be called " boughten." Why is it that the children who never had a doll, except rag ones of their own making, remember their child hood with so infinite a zest that it is beyond all comprehension of the modern child that is loaded and even oppressed with its multitude of elaborate and expensive toys ? Luxuries, expensive and valuable lux uries, costing great sums of money, and that are beautiful and fragile, are not what the child wants, unless the little one is first trained out of all natural sweet childhood. The boy that gets some person to bend a pin for him, and provides his own string and fish-pole, for his first fishing in the shallow puddle, has incomparably more delight in fish ing than is ever known to the coddled child of wealth who when he is nearly grown is allowed to go with a groom and fish with one of these expensive tackles that can be purchased at the sporting store. It is the boy fourteen years old who looks forward to the day when his father will buy a new cap or hat, and give him the old one to dress up in and go to meeting, who will remember longest his triumphs and joys in the acquisition of new clothes, or anything and everything that comes to him in his callow days.. The modern boy and man for that matter looks back upon the pioneer times and shud ders at their primitive simplicity, because he is ignorant of the fact in the premises; he gratifies every appetite, and they in succession cloy and he gets drunk, if he has the energy, or might commit suicide, and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 69 has but the one consolation — that he didn't live before they had rail roads and uniformed servants and waiters on every hand, and he may have looked forward to the one glory of death, of being buried in a suit cut and made in Paris. Expensive and artificial life is not a bound less joy— rather it is the keen earnestness of simplicity — gratified rarely, but always intensely. CHAPTER VI. THE LOG CABIN. The First Brush Cabins — The Improved Ones— Etc. THE log cabins of the pioneers were the powerful lever that pressed the Indians that skirted along the Atlantic shore back toward the Alleghanies, and then across the mountains and on to the Mississippi river, and across that and then to the Rocky mountains, and eventually across these snow-clad ranges and down the slope and finally to the Pacific ocean. Nearly three hundred years were consumed in these long and often bloody journeyings of the two peo ples so distinct in color, race and instincts. They were antagonistic races that could not well exist together. The Indian's supreme im pulse was that of absolute freedom — liberty in its fullest extent, where there was no law other than that of physical strength and courage, might was right, and from that the weak had no appeal save that of the stoic's divine right to death. The Indian's death-song was there fore a part of his deep-seated philosophy, and whether cooped up on the tall cliff — Starved Rock — and slowly starved to death, slain in battle, or dying of disease, his last and supreme act was to chant his weird death-song. Death then was not his one dreaded, invisible foe. When he could fight and kill no more, then it was his friend — the angel with outstretched wings in his extremity, tenderly carrying him away from his enemy and his pain. His ideal was that animal life typified in the screaming eagle of the crags, or the spring of the striped tiger, whose soft fpot had carried it in reach of its unsuspecting prey. The rugged and weather-beaten pioneer, he or his ancestors had fled from tyranny and religious persecutions, severely austere toward his own real or imaginary faults, welcoming any inflection that would only purify, as by fire, his soul, and fleeing from the persecutor of the body, he erected his altars to a God that was simply inappeasable, not only for his own sins, but for the yielding to temptation of the first mother of the human race, and this he unfalteringly believed " brought death into the world and all our woe." This creature of curious con tradictions, while over-exacting toward himself, and welcoming any 70 history of Bradford county. and all self-inflicted strifes, slept on his arms for anything mortal that dared to intimate an approach on his religious rights or beliefs — yield ing all to his God, he would yield nothing to anyone or anything else. He would put a padlock on his mouth, that it might not speak evil, and his very thoughts in the stocks, that he might not think evil — silence and dreams of the glories of heaven alternating with the groans and outcries of the damned, and eyes closed to all earthly things, he even tried to control the strong impulses of his heart in its love for wife or children in the fear that God would be jealous and might blast forever his soul with a frown. And from the depths of his troubled life he would cry out that he could do nothing to please God — that he was utterly unworthy and totally wicked ; that his whole inheritance, through a thousand ancestors, was sin, and it would be but a supreme mercy in his Maker to cast him out forever. He invented his own penance, inflicted his own judgments, clothed himself in sackcloth and ashes, and finally consigned himself as the only mercy he deserved to the endless tortures of hell. This was the fugitive, the waif cast upon the troubled waters, that came from the Old to the New in the hunt of religious liberty and a home. Unkempt and unwashed, rough and storm-beaten, with long, bushy hair, and in his leather jerkin, this apparition stood before the savages of the valley ofthe Susquehanna, rifle in hand, one foot thrown before the other, braced, erect, his keen eye directed straight into the wild man's soul; there he had put his heavy foot down, and the quick instinct of the savage told him never to take it up again. The wild man struck like the coiled snake ; the crack of the white man's rifle echoed through the old forest trees and stilled the serpent's rattle forever. The first habitation was an opened-faced brush house, if such a thing can be called a house at all. It was between two trees standing close together — a pole across, and leaned against this was brush, bramble and leaves piled on ; two wings projected from the ends simi larly constructed, and the whole front open, and here was the camp fire. The furniture was a pile of dry leaves on one side of this brush dwelling. This was rather a poor protection, yet there was a time when it has been all some of the earliest pioneers had during their first long winter in the remote wilderness. They possibly had simply wintered there intending to resume their journey when warm weather came. Sometimes they thus camped, waiting the fall of the high waters in the stream. These advance couriers of civilization were encumbered with no camp equipage ; the old heavy rifle, and the hunting knife, and the few leather clothes they wore were all they had. Then, too, they may have reached the one spot in the wilder ness they had traveled so far to find. Just there a stream or a spring of sweet water, the giant trees extending their strong protecting arms, and the abundant evidences of game on every hand may have been the determining cause, or, as was often the case, living away back in Massachusetts or Connecticut, the young man had met some hunter and trapper, and had made eager inquiries as to where he could find the best place in the new country, and the hunter HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 71 had mapped out to his mind the long road to that particular spot. How he would pursue a certain course, guided by the sun and the North Star, or the moss on the trees, and just where he would cross certain rivers and streams, and follow these to such a point, then deflect to the right or left and strike a certain prairie, and after a while he would pass a mound or a lone tree, and then in the blue distance a point of timber, and from that another point, and then for days and days upon the prairie sea, and again reach ing the timber another stream, and follow up that to where a creek or arm emptied into it, thence up that stream, and a small prairie, and a grove, and then on and on to the timber and streams again, and here a spring would be reached — a natural camping place and per haps the end of the long journey, and to-day his grandchildren born on the old farm where he first stopped and put up his brush house may not know or be able to find the spring that was his objective point when he so bravely started from his old pioneer father's home in the east. The brush covering protected him somewhat from the inclement elements, the fire in front served a double purpose — it warmed and dried him when wet or cold,- and kept away the fierce wild animals that otherwise would have attacked and devoured him. If during the night it burned low, the screams of the panther or the howls of the close-coming wolves would admonish him to throw a few sticks on the fire, or sometimes amuse himself by firing at the eyes of the beast that was so near him that its gleaming eyeballs make an excellent target. The first months of this man's life were passed in the most primitive manner. He procured food by his rifle, supplemented with the natural fruits and berries of the woods, learning to eat many of the roots he could dig. He neighbored much with the Indians, and often got of them some of their coarse materials for making bread. The one chief deprivation, both to him and the Indians, was the want of salt. This no doubt was the one luxury of which he would often dream that he had left behind him when he ventured out from civilization. Early in the spring he was hunting in the woods for the wild onions that are among the first to push their green stems above the soil, and in the wild sheep-sorrel he found the delicious acid that his system so much needed, then the May-apples, and then the berries, the paw paws, the nuts and wild grapes, the buds, the bark of certain trees,and at a certain time in spring the top root of the young hickory, were all in their turn within his reach, and were utilized. This was the first little wave, the immediate forerunner of the round log cabin. He had soon learned many of the Indian waj^s, and their expedients in emergencies. He was a demonstration of the fact that a civilized man will learn to be a wild man in less than a fifteenth of the time it will take to teach a savage to become civilized, or to like any of the ways and habits of civilized life. Had he forgotten to think of this lonely, silent life ? He would visit his distant neighbors in their wigwams, approaching as quietly as they, enter with a grunt, seat himself, light his pipe, and all would sit and smoke in silence. An occasional grunt or a nod of the head, but never a smile; 72 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and this had come to be his idea of enjoyment in social life too. He learned to go to the deer licks, as had the Indians, for other purposes as well as those of finding the deer there and shooting them. He had learned to find certain clays that the savages ate. He soon knew as much of wild woods life as did the natives. One day, late in the spring, while hunting, he met an Indian, who startled him with the news that a pale-faced neighbor had come and actually had settled as near as fifteen miles up the creek. This was the most astounding news he had ever heard. Only fifteen miles — why, this is settling right in my door-yard, and not so much as even saying, by your leave ! Can it be possible? I can't stand too much crowding. He quits the chase, and returns straight to his cabin, cooks and eats his supper, and sits on his log and smokes and thinks, yes, actually thinks, till his head fairly swiins over /the day's news. He goes to bed and sleeps and dreams, and millions of people are pouring into his cabin, and behind them still comes the eternal stream of humanity, laughing, crying, shouting, struggling, and the great wave is upon him, and he is being smothered, when, with a mighty effort, he wakes, and the owls are hooting from the treetops, and the wolves are howling beyond his cabin their mighty lullabies. And he is so thank ful it is but a dream, but he again thinks over the news, and finally determines on the morning he will go and visit his near neighbor and make his acquaintance, and turns over on his dry leaves and is once more sound asleep. He pays the visit the next day, and his sudden and strange appear ance is nearly as great a surprise to the newcomers as was the news to him the day before. He finds the man busy chopping, and for the last mile had been guided by the ring of the ax, and seated on the log, they tell each other the latest news from the settlements and from the wigwam villages. The new neighbor tells him that he and wife had come on foot from Vermont, and had arrived some weeks ago, and did not know that they had a white neighbor within a hundred miles. He described how he had carried the rifle, the ax and the few little things, they had brought, and his wife carried the hoe, the only farming im plement they had, and hung on the hoe over her shoulder was the small bundle of her earthly possessions ; that they had heard of the rich country in the Susquehanna valley, and had got married and started fjor the good country, where they could make their home and their farm, and in time hoped to have a plenty ; they had planted the two or three potatoes, the half dozen pumpkin seeds and the few hills of corn, and the first year they hoped to raise some seed. The gun, the ax, an auger and the hoe were their marriage dower with which to start life. They had brought a few trinkets, and on their way had exchanged these for some skins and furs, that were so necessary. The man and wife had put up the round-log (or pole) cabin, and covered it with bark. It had simply a door for entrance, and a stick-and-mud chimney — no floor, except such as nature had made, but here and there was laid a dried skin, and in one corner the man had made a one- legged bedstead, and crossed this with raw-hide whangs to support the bedding of skins. It is made by making the one leg, and then in HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 73 the corner of the room you bore a hole in each wall ; one of these holes receives the side rail from the post, and the other receives the end rail from the same post. The two walls of the building form the other side and end of the bed, and there you have it — fit for a king ! if the mind is content. Upon these primitive beds of our fathers has come as sweet repose as ever found its way within palace walls, and on the great mahogany teester bedsteads draped in silks and satins and the. costliest laces. The small " clearing and girdling " was planted by the wife most ly, while the men felled trees, chopped logs and gathered and burned the fallen timber. The wife worked with the heavy hoe, and the man with the ax and gun. The few seeds they planted grew at a remark able rate, and now they had in store a little bread, a few vegetables and abundance of meat. His gun and traps had brought them meat and fur and feathers, and honey they had found in abundance in the forests. Before the year had expired they made a raft, and loaded it with their stores, and went to the trading post, and exchanged honey, furs and pelts for such manufactured articles as they needed, and am munition and salt. They had enough to buy a pony of the Indians, and by the second year were farming in great content. But a few years have passed, and the land begins to be dotted with log cabins. That is, every few miles on the way could be seen in the distance the blue curling smoke lazily ascending from these outside, low, mud-and-stick chimneys. This, now, is the glorious log-cabin day and age. Let us examine one, and if we can, secure the shadow ere the substance has gone forever. As you approach you are impressed with the squat and heavy, solid appearance of the building. The roof is of split clapboards, weighted with heavy poles. There is not so much iron as a nail in all the building. The batten door is made of the same kind of boards, and swings on wooden hinges, and has a wooden latch, to which is attached a leather string that passes up and through a small hole to the outside. To pull this string is to raise the latch and permit the door to open. To lock the door it is only neces sary to pull the string inside, and then no one on the outside can open it. Hence, there is much friendly significance when one says to the other, " my latch string always hangs out for you." You will notice as you approach that to your right and near the end of the cabin, but some feet in front of a line with the front of the house, is a very small cabin, a kind of baby to the main building. This is the meat house. The lord of the manor is evidently a little proud of this larder, and hence it sets a little in front of the line of the dwelling. It be speaks for him a good provider, "and juicy hams and red gravy," galore. Farther off there you see the stables covered with straw, and the stacks of grain and hay, and over there in a long rack made of rails crossed over a pole about two feet high, rilled with straw, and about the premises are cows and calves, and horses with long hair and bushy manes and tails, and razor-back hogs, the largest parts apparently the head, from their long snouts. On every hand there are evidences of plenty and content. Pull the latch and walk in where a hearty and cheery welcome will greet you, even the long-haired 74 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. curs will " bay you a deep-mouthed welcome," that will be stopped only by the authoritative voice of the master. The wild blazing fire, extending nearly across the whole end of the house, adds to the bright ness, and the iron lard-lamp, with a rag for a wick, the recent great improvement on the scraped turnip that did duty as a lamp, you hardly notice as it burns away stuck in a crack in one of the logs. The good wife and the strong and red-cheeked girls are preparing the evening meal. The spare ribs hanging in front of the fire are turned fre quently, and their odors at once whet your already keen appetite. The bread is in the oven, and on this is a lid with the edges curled up to hold the heaps of coal that are on the top, while there are still more under the oven. An iron pot is hanging by the crane, and is boiling furiously. While these preparations are going on, take an inventory of the room. You are in one of the two split-bottom chairs. The old chest can hold or be seats for three or four of the family ; then there are two or three three-legged stools. Then there is a bench made of a split log with legs to it, that is, seats all along one side of the table, but is moved around at pleasure. Over there is "granny" with her "specs," the brass rim nearly worn out, and all looking as old as she does except the new yarn string that holds them in place. That is her corner, on her low stool where for years and years she has knit and knit and knit, never stopping, even when she told of when she was a little girl, and often lived in the fort when the Indians would go marauding over the land. At the other end of the 14x20 room are two beds standing end to end, with barely room for a person to squeeze between them. On these are such fat high feather beds, and over these such gay -figured red and light-figured woolen coverlets. These were woven away back in the old settlements. Such gorgeous figures, sometimes eagles with outstretched wings, or horses and dogs or buffaloes, and even in a square in one corner were elabo rate attempts at letters, but which as you never could see exactly right side up you could never read. A gay calico " variance " hung around the legs ofthe bedstead, and you know that these hide under each big bed a trundle-bed. You see this was the original folding bed, and from this at one time universal part of the furniture of the cabin came that barbarous expression from some old sour bachelor about " trundle-bed trash." Opposite the door, which stood open nearly the year round except at night, is the window, the half of two of the logs cut away, making a hole a little over a foot wide and two feet long, and the light comes through greased paper that covered the opening. The floor was of puncheon- — split logs ; the face dressed down nicely with an axe, and the edges tolerably straight, but cracks frequent. On the walls hung strings of sage, onion tops and a beautiful wreath of red pepper. Some loose boards were laid on the cross-beams, and the stairwav was cleats fastened to the wall. This was the girls' boudoir, and from the rafters hung dresses and female clothing, and in one corner close to the roof were the shoes that were only worn on Sundays when going to meeting. The ingenuity and taste of the girls had secured a barrel, and over this was spread a pictorial Brother Jonathan, that had in #¦ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 77 some way come to the family long ago. This was their dressing-case, and on the barrel were were combs, ribbons and trinkets, and 4x5 framed mirror hung gracefully above the dressing case against the wall. But, leaving the privacy of the girls' private room we go below again, and soon we discover that we had overlooked some of the most interesting things in the living room.- In the wooden racks over the door were the two guns of the family, and hanging from either end of these racks the pouch made of spotted fawn skins, and the large pow der horns with the flat end, wooden pegs in the small end that the hunter always pulled out with his teeth when he would pour out the powder in loading. The women were as proud of their household utensils as the men of their new buckskin hunting shirts or their guns, and chief among these was the cedar " pigon." This was a bright Ted, medium-sized bucket, with one of the staves long and formed into a handle. The broom stood handy just outside. This was made of a young hickory split up into small strips and turned over gracefully and tied in a wisp. For many years after we had the modern brooms these were still to be seen in every house, and were the scrub brooms. But supper is now ready and steaming hot, the dishes are sending out great volumes of appetizing odors, and you and the men and boys are all seated around the bountiful board. The women and children wait for the second table. How can you wait in patience while the good man invokes heaven's blessing upon what he is pleased to call the Lord's attention to this " frugal fare." He likes that phrase, and his boys often think that to get to say it is sometimes the chief impulse to the ceremony. When the good man addresses his Maker, he changes his language materially from every-day use, somewhat.as he does his clothes when he goes to church. For instance, he emphasizes distinctly all the ed's, saying bless-ed, instead of, as commonly, " blest. ' The blessing over : " Now help yourself," is all the ceremony, and all that you feel you need. The broiled venison steaks, the well browned spare ribs, the " craklin' " corn bread, the luscious honey piled in layers, and the cold sweet milk, and the hot roasted sweet potatoes, with appetites all around the board to match, this feast is fit for the godsl You eventually quit eating for two good reasons : Your storing capac ity is about exhausted, and then you notice such a hungry, eager ex pression in the faces of the children who are standing around and furtively watching the food on the table, and no doubt wondering if you will ever get through. Each one, when he finishes his meal, with out ceremony gets up, and as no change of dishes is thought of, the particular youngster who is to eat after that particular person is quickly in the place, and proceeds to stay his appetite. This arrangement is one of the children's, and no doubt often saves serious scrambling for places. The supper over, the pipes are filled, and the women have so quietly Whisked things away and cleared the table— how they did it and where they put them you can not for your life tell ; yet they are gone, and the day's working and eating are over, and in a few minutes the trundle-beds will be pulled out, and the children at the head and at the foot will fill them, something after the fashion of a sardine box; let us bid these good people good-bye. 78 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. The Improved Log Cabin. — Nothing more distinctly marked the advance of the settlement of the country than the change in the archi tecture of the log cabin. I have tried to describe the open-faced brush and the round log cabins that were so distinctly the first era. In a few years if you go back to see your friend, as you are very apt to do, as you will remember that supper a long time, you will find a two-story hewed-log house, the cracks between the logs " chinked and pointed " with clean white lime mortar, and it may be the walls inside and out are heavily whitewashed. It may be covered with shingles even, and glass windows with 6x8 glass put in with putty. Hard oak planks, mayhap with the whip-saw, are on the floors above and below. An outside rock chimney towers above either end of the building. A shed-roofed kitchen, which is also the dining-room, is along the whole length of the main building. A leaning ladder of easy ascent takes you " up stairs " which is one big room, while the lower part of the main building is divided by a partition. The upper floor is the sleep ing-room of the boys and the " hands," while the room partitioned off is the girl's room, and which they consider the " parlor " as well as the bed-room. The old folks have their very tall feather bed in the main or living room, but under it is the trundle bed, as there is probably another under every bed in the house, and although the number of beds has greatly increased, if there is company to stay all night, this will necessitate " pallets " on the floor. There is still the great wide fire place and the cheerful open fire, and if it is winter, every evening just before dark a new back-log is rolled in with handspikes and into its place, and a " fore-stick " quite as large as one man can handle is placed on the short heavy dog-irons. But a second and smaller back-log is on top of the main one, and then the great yawning fireplace is soon full of the bright, blazing fire. A hanging crane is here as well as in the kitchen fire-place. In the same yard is still the old round-log cabin where the family lived before the new house was built. This is now the loom-house. It is also lumbered up with barrels and boxes and piles of truck and. hoes, tools, and probably there is still a bed in it. The people are now wearing home-made clothing, and here the girls deftly weave those bright linseys with their bright red, white and black stripes. On the outer walls of the loom-house were now stretched the coon and possum skins, and the roof was used to dry apples and peaches in the fall of the year; and in this lumber house, tied in sacks and hang ing from the cross beams were the garden seeds, the bunches of sage, boneset, onion tops, and the dried pumpkin on poles, on which were placed the rings as thickly as possible. The barrel of kraut stood with its heavy weights on it in one corner of the kitchen, and by the side of the fireplace was the huge dye-pot, and on this a wooden cover, and this was often worn smooth, being a handy seat by the fire. Even stories were told, that seated on this there had been much " sparking " done before the older girls were all married off. When a young man visited a girl, or for that matter a widower or bachelor paid any marked attention, it was universally called " sparkin.' " This hewed-log house was sometimes neatly weatherboarded, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 79 painted and had a neat brick chimney, and you could not very readily tell it from a frame house. Here children were born, grew to maturity, married and commenced life nearly in their one-room log cabin, which more rapidly gave way to the nice frame or even the great brick mansion, with the ornaments and luxuries of modern life. Where now may be seen buildings of granite, marble and iron that gleam in the morning sun in blinding splendor that have cost hundreds of thousands, nay, even millions of dollars, once probably stood the round-log cabin that had been built from the standing trees about the spot by the husband, aided only by the young wife, with no other tools than the ax and the auger. These honest, patient, simple-minded folk never bothered their heads to anticipate the regal edifices of which their humble cabin was the beginning. Their earn est and widest aspiration was merely, " be it never so humble there is no place like home." Around these wide but humble hearths they saw their children grow up to strong men and women, honest, unsophisti cated, rough and blunt in manner, but ignorant of the knowledge of the vices that so often lurk beneath the polish and splendors of older societies and supurfluous wealth. Their wants few and simple, within the easy reach of every one, their ambition brought them no heart burnings, no twinges of conscience, and none of that pitiable despair, where what we may call that higher sphere in the circles so often brings — where there are no medicines to minister to a mind diseased. CHAPTER VII. THE REVOLUTION. Mankind's First Attack Upon King Fetich— War Meeting, 1774v- Whigs and Tories — Three Companies Sent to the Field — Prom inent Men — Rudolph Fox Captured — Battles in Bradford County — Wyoming Battle, and Near Wyalusing — Captives Escape — Sullivan's Expedition — Col. Franklin, Samuel Gore, Maj. Flower and Others — Etc. IN preceding chapters are incidental allusions to the great American war for Independence — the war of all wars in behalf of mankind, of man's inalienable right to liberty and the unrestricted pursuit of happiness. The whole world had been for all preceding time domin ated by the one idea that the masses were made to belong to their respective born rulers; to toil and sweat and yield tribute for the pleasure and glory of kings and princelings, whose will or whim was at all* times the inexorable law ; that the life and labor of every one born below a certain favored circle was the property .of the king, which he could use or destroy at his drunken pleasure. Of all the. monstrous perversions of nature there has been no idea so utterly 80 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. shocking, so laden with crime and woe unspeakable. On every hand, even with our self-government long past the century post, there is still a wide persistence in this fatal delusion, and the far larger portion of the race are now writhing in the horrors of the beliefs in these king- monkeys, these born rulers, these inheritors, the "divine governors" of the world; these half-idiotic devotees of war to suppress freedom, wars for glory, wars for looting, wars for empire, where men are arrayed in mutual destruction as are fighting dogs in the pit, for the delight of spectators, hardly fit by nature to lick the wounds the poor brutes have received in the fray. In all history there has been noth ing at all comparable to this perversion that reaches total depravity so shocking as this idea that these master-rulers are the heavenly order, to which the human race is unalterably fixed. Could anything be more pitiful to a healthy mind than the spectacle going on at this hour, of the rule of the mad king in one of the European powers ? This " divine " ruler, " who can do no wrong," is but one of a fam ily of lordly maniacs, whose chief delight and employment is to slip out on his grounds and shoot peasants. His keepers humor him, load his gun with blank cartridges, and the people are required to fall when he fires, and as he tumbles them over he is wild with delight ; wholly daft, he is far more harmless, in fact, than have been the most of the sanest of the long line that have afflicted the world. And to see a nation black with grief over the deaths of such fetiches — in deepest, real sorrow, trembling for fear God has determined to ruin them by taking their beloved royal family, would be amusing as well as pathetic were it not the proof of a perversion so deep as to be hopelessly incurable. This condition of the race is artificial ; there can be nothing natural in it because it is monstrously cruel — the cruellest idea that ever found lodgement upon the earth, and it is absurd, stupid and horrid, through out. The companion idea of this king-fetich worship is the one of a strong, fighting government, able to cross over and murder your neighbors and loot their country, and millions of men upon the earth ready to offer up their lives on the slaughter block in defense of the theory that their nation has a chip on its shoulders and dares all the world to knock it off. Naturally enough, indeed, the poet philosopher has exclaimed, " What fools we mortals be ! " The first real effective assault made upon this heathenism by men combined together to the extremity of life and death itself, was the immortal Declaration of Independence, made by our fathers, whose sharp swords cut the way to liberty and self-government. Other men had struck at the born-ruler idea, but it had been as Napoleon did — merely to push them off that he might seat himself on the throne and be a little more " divine " than the best of them, because he had the sharper sword ; a mere swapping of whips, which, no matter how the trade went, was sure to end in the deeper and still more cruel enslave ment of the people. How our grand old sires slowly and finally reached the sublime idea of the non-necessity of a crowned ruler to transmit to his offspring allthe" divine rights," it is now easy enough to see, provided we commence only at the time of the signing of the Declara tion ; but it is a more involved problem if we go a little farther back and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 81 attempt to find the germ idea. It is glory enough that they struck down the king-fetich delusion, and proclaimed that they and their pos terity were equal to the task of self-government, and no thanks to the bastard race. The proclamation of war against the mother country found the people of this section fairly consumedwith the Pennamite and Yankee contention, and the rebellion portents came to them slowly; but the idea once grasped, all local questions were forgotten, and neighbors became Whig or Tory, respectively, and forgot that they were once divided between Connecticut and Pennsylvania. Some prominent men on the lower Susquehanna had been denounced by their neighbors as Tories, and they had come to what is now Bradford county, to get away from their neighbors. But this was literally jumping from the pan into the fire, as this was the outer borders and the confines of the Indian country. In 1777, some deserters from the Colonial army found refuge here, and in a little while the terms Tory and Whig were ban died with even fiercer passions than had the old feud epithets. British emissaries stirred to foment the Indians, and the whites, whether Whig or Tory, had to flee for their lives. The Whigs, of course, suffered the most ; many of them were killed, their property destroyed, and others carried into captivity; and from 1779 to 1783, there was not left a sin gle white inhabitant in what is now Bradford county. Yet this was an important theater of war during the entire seven years of the struggle. The most decisive act, of course, was the expedition of Gen. Sullivan, and the expedition of Col. Hartley, that followed up the river and destroyed nearly every Indian village that lay in his route. The great Indian war path followed the river, and in their incursions upon the Wyoming they usually traveled the Sheshequin path. Hardly a month passed, from the beginning to the end of the war, but these old hills echoed the war whoops and the cracking of the rifles of the pursuers of the savages. A war meeting was called by the people of this section as early as 1774, and as this was then known as Westmoreland county, Conn., it was divided into eight military districts, and immediately thereafter it was publicly resolved that the people form themselves into military companies. In August, 1775, the Wyoming people of Westmoreland Town declared in a public meeting that " we consent to and acquiesce in the late proceedings, and advice of the Continental Congress, and do rejoice that those measures are adopted." And a committee was ap pointed " to attentively observe the conduct of all persons within this town touching the rules and regulations prescribed by the honorable Continental Congress, and will unanimously join our brethren in America in the common cause of defending our liberty." This was heroically responsive to every sentiment of the Declaration — indeed, it was a second Declaration, coming from the then remote borders of American civilization. The meeting of these earnest old patriots (but rebels then) unanimously resolved "that Mr. John Jenkins, Joseph Sluman, Nathan Dennison, Obadiah Gore, Jr., and Lieut. William Buck be chosen a committee of correspondence for the town of Westmore land." It was further resolved that Jonathan Fitch, Anderson Dana, 82 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Capt. McKarrachan, Caleb Spencer, Capt. Samuel Ransom, Lieut. George Dorrance, Asahel Buck, Stephen Harding, John Jenkins, Jr., Barrilla Tyler, Elijah Witer, Nathan Kingsley, John Secord and Rob ert Carr " be chosen a committee of inspection for ye town of West moreland." Miner says (page 189) : " The proceedings of this meet ing cast the die for Wyoming. Her people girded up their loins for the contest against British oppression, and immediately commenced putting themselves in condition to meet the shock of battle." The news of the battle of Concord and Lexington roused the mili tary ardor of the people, and instantly Lieut. Obadiah Gore, with about thirty others, hastened to join the command of Capt. Weisner, of the New York line ; and, August 23, 1776, at a meeting at Wilkes- Barre, it was resolved,, that Westmoreland would immediately raise two companies and place them in position for defense of the people until they received orders from Congress. They left it to Congress to appoint the commissioned officers. There was a hearty response from those eminent men to this call from in what is now Bradford county. Among the first to respond were Simon Spalding, then liv ing at Standing Stone ; the Welleses, father and son, of Wyalusing, and Ambrose Gaylord, Justus Gaylord, Jr., Ludd Gaylord, Stephen Skiff and others. Congress appointed as officers of the two companies of Wyoming : Robert Durkee and Samuel Ransom, captains ; James Welles and Perin Ross, first lieutenants ; Asahel Buck and Simon Spalding, second lieutenants; Herman Swift and Mathias Hollenback, ensigns ; and the two companies were mustered into service Septem ber 17, 1776, under the name of the First and Second Independent Companies of Wyoming. October following Connecticut passed an act for the raising in the town of Westmoreland of another company, of which Solomon Strong was captain, and Obadiah Gore, Jr., and John Jenkins, Jr., lieutenants, and to be a part of the Twenty-fourth Regiment of Connecticut Militia. Immediately thereafter John Jamison recruited twenty men and marched out and joined the Connecticut line. These were in addition to the eight " train bands " that had been provided for in 1774, which had been united and formed the Twenty-fourth Connecticut, com manded by Col. Nathan Dennison; George Dorrance, lieutenant-colonel, and John Garrett, major. December 12, following, the two companies joined Washington's command, then retreating from New York City. The people in this valley were busily erecting forts, and Old Forty Fort was enlarged and strengthened, and others built to the south of it. Stone's history of Wyoming, referring to the critical moment of the war, estimates that in what is now Bradford county there were probably twenty families that should be classed as in sympathy with the Tories, and through their influence appeared again the old feud between the Yankees and Penns, and Miner discovered an old docu ment bearing this label : " A list of Tories who joined the Indians." It was said to have been made by Col. Zebulon Butler ; most of these were transient persons who had come to the Wyoming as birds of passage— hunters, trappers or laborers, and that among the Connecti- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 83 out people in the valley there were not more than three families thus affected. In the list are mentioned " four Secords, three Pawlings, three Larraways and four Van Alstynes." The Pawlings were of Wyalusing the Van Alstynes of Standing Stone, the Larraways of Wysox, and the Secords of Athens. For some time there was nothing more serious on the Susquehanna than rumors and charges and counter accusations between the Pensyl- vania and Connecticut people, and the secret contriving of the few Tories remaining. But in the spring of 1777, the Tories from the lower Wyoming to Tioga Point (Athens), began to give signs of activity and uneasiness; first noticeable in the impudence, and arrogance of the Indians, who had at the commencement treated to keep the peace and remain neutral. The Indians withdrew from among the white settlements. Burgoyne was marching with a strong force from Canada to effect a junction with Gen. Clinton at New York, and this was designed to cut the Colonies in twain. British emissaries had tam pered with the Indians, and offered them gold and scalps and loot if they would join them. Soon the Indians committed act after act of open hostility. Col. John Jenkins, with James Sutton, visited Queen Esther's village, near Tioga Point, in the hope of procuring the release of Ingersoll, who had been carried into captivity. They were received cordially, but the Queen finally told them that the bucks had resolved to waylay and murder them, when they started to return. By the loyal aid of the Queen they escaped in the darkness to the river, and jumped -into her canoe, and softly paddled down the river. Now several deserters from the American army came to Tioga Point and Sheshe quin, and their presence was unfortunate. It is probable that designing parties, on both sides in the right to the territory question, unfortunately now seized upon this as a pretext, and each was ready to charge their opposers indiscriminately with treason. The British were not idle, and the Indians made themselves not only intolerable, but began systematic plundering and murdering upon exposed, helpless families. The people (Yankees, to more particularly designate them) resolved on active measures to rid themselves of the spies and enemies in their midst. Samuel Gordon, a surveyor, was sent on a tour of observation to locate the dangerous men, return to Wyalusing and there to meet Lieut. Jenkins with a force and by rapid movements capture the lead ers. Jenkins' expedition miscarried from some cause, and the Tories assembled and captured Gordon with other prisoners. Open hostili ties swiftly followed. Rudolph Fox, the first settler at the mouth of the Towanda creek, was carried off into captivity in the month of March, 1777. He was taken to Quebec and kept nine months, his fam ily all this time being in total ignorance of even his life or whereabouts. In the meantime the savages had stolen, and by open robbery had carried off even the last morsel bf food of the family. Mr. Fox escaped, and on the night of December 17th following he reached the opposite side of the river and called to his family, and his voice was recognized by his wife. The Indians had stolen the canoe, and the ice was running in the river and a raft could not be pushed across, so 84 HISTORY OF BRADFORD C6UNTY. the poor man was obliged to bivouack on the bank in that black and stormy night, and the next morning the river was frozen over; but he reached his family alive. Mr. Fox was again captured when the Indians captured the Strope family, and they carried him along for fear he would give the alarm. He soon made his escape, and again returned to his family. The dangers thickening, he undertook to gather his kine together, and with these make his way overland, while he placed his family in a bateau and started them down the river. When in the vicinity of Dodge's island, Mr. Fox discovered a band of Indians crossing the hill in front of him. He motioned his family to come ashore, when he abandoned his stock and got into the canoe with them. They secreted themselves behind the island until the hostile party had passed, when they again resumed their journey. It was about the time ofthe Wyoming battle, and the river was swarm ing with parties of hostile Indians. It seems almost miraculous that they could have escaped. At one time, as they were passing along, they heard firing and cries on the shore. A band of Indians had sur prised a party of whites; and what also added to their danger, the babe, Rudolph, commenced screaming. The mother tried to hush him, crammed leaves into his mouth, and still being unable to quiet him, thrice took him up to throw him overboard — a desperate, but appar ently only means of escaping detection. But the mother's heart could not consent to the sacrifice. They succeeded in passing the In dians, and reached Sunbury in safety. After the Wyoming battle Mr. Fox came up the river with Hart ley's expedition to look after his interests. Upon the return of the detachment, he went back to his family. He remained at Sunbury till the close of the war, when, in 1873, he moved his family to Wilkes- Barre, whence he and four of his children proceeded to their old home at Towanda. A short time after this he returned to bring up their effects and family, and left a. young daughter all alone to take care of the cabin. "A young girl, on the spot where their buildings had been burned, surrounded by savage beasts and liable to be disturbed by savage men, consents to be the sole occupant of the premises for ten days, the time supposed to be necessary for the trip. But unexpected trials awaited her. The mother was found to be too ill to be removed, and a delay of more than a month was unavaidable. Provisions ran short with the little girl. * * * The Forsythes returned and Called to see her, and tried to persuade her to go back with them. This she stoutty refused todo, and they left her some food, while she awaited the com ing ofthe family. The shrill scream of the panther and howls of the wolf at night, added horror to her dreary situation in the wilds. Both these savage beasts had been heard upon her bark-covered cabin, hoping to gain admission. One night as she was lying upon her bed of hemlock boughs asleep, a panther unceremoniously came in through her blanket-door, tooked the jerked venison from over her head and then left again without doing her any harm. The animal was detected by his tracks the next morning. When a short distance from fffwMiy Samuel 3a,-xv?«j HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 87 her cabin one day, the sound of footsteps suddenly fell upon her ears. She was much alarmed at first, thinking that Indians were coming. Peering out from behind a tree she saw an enormous pack of wolves advancing, and, as she remarked, her fears were gone. Picking up a pine knot, she struck it against a tree, making a sharp, ringing noise, which frightened the grey denizens quite as much as she had been, and they turned and ran off as fast as their legs would carry them. She kept her post for about three weeks, when, after eating the last of her provisions, and seeing no prospect of relief, she set out to meet the family, or find a hut where she might procure some food. She had proceeded but a few miles, when at Gordon's Island, she discovered the boat with her family slowly ascending the river. ' The moment of deliverance from peril was not only a moment of pleasure, but of pleas antry. The father inquired, 'Where are you going?' 'To Wilkes- Barre, to get something to eat,' replied the daughter. She was taken on board, and they reached home after an absence of five years." The sequel of the story of this bold first settler of Bradford county may be properly here given in a few sentences. He was drowned in the river at a place since known as " The Fox Hole," breaking through the ice, March 4, 1806 ; he was by birth a German, born March 29, 1739, and was thirty-one years old when he first came. His wife was Catharine Elizabeth Miller ; she was born in Germany, May 4, 1748, and died April 10, 1810. The brave old pioneers sleep side by side in Cole's cemetery. Their daughter, Elizabeth Fox, was the first white child born in Bradford county,. September 1, 1770. In this family were children as follows ; Catharine, Mary, Philip, Elizabeth, Dorothy, Daniel, Rudolph, John, Anna, Eleanor, Susanna, Abraham, Marga ret and Christiana. Many descendants are now living in the county, and have maintained the good name of the family — worthy sons and daughters, and noble parentage. About the time of the first capture of Rudolph Fox a party of Indians plundered Mr. Fitzgerald's house and drove all his stock, and took him prisoner; he lived at Standing Stone. Lieut.-Col. Dorrance, with about 100 men of the Twenty -fourth Connecticut, made an expedition up the river as far as Sheshequin. They went to the wigwam of an Indian who was known to be in the English service to hunt for suspects whom he was supposed to be har boring. They did not propose to molest Indians, but arrested him while searching his premises. He attempted to break away from his guard, Rufus Baldwin, who shot him through the body ; he recovered, however, and was at the battle of Wyoming. This was said to be the first bloodshed in this county in the Revolution. Dorrance captured and carried off several Tories, and pacified the Indians, but they soon broke out again more violently than previously. Thereupon was pub lished an order, holding the following as prisoners of war, all from Bradford county : Richmond Berry, Edward Hicks, Jr., Jacob Bow man, Adam Bowman, Jr., Jacob Bruner, Henry Hoover,. Jacob Anguish and George Keutner. There were other prisoners from the valley, but the list given is confined to this county. The year 1777 closed in uncertainty and gloom for the patriots of 88 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. this locality. All their surroundings were dark and foreboding. Tioga and Sheshequin were filled with fierce and arrogant foes, while the able-bodied whites were away in the Continental army. In January following, Lemuel Fitch, of Standing Stone, the first settler in the township, was captured and carried off to Canada, where he died. A party of Indians led by Terry and Green went to Wyalusing — a severe snow storm raging at the moment of their arrival. They secreted themselves in the old Indian town until the next morning, when they made a sally and captured Amos York as he came into the village on horseback ; his house was plundered and stock driven off. A short time a fter this, in the same place, they captured Nathan Kingsley and carried him and York to Quebec. Wyalusing was now abandoned by every white person — captured or fled the country. In March follow ing, as soon as the ice was clear of the river, Lieut-Col. Dorrance again came up with 150 men for the purpose of aiding the remaining whites to get out of the country. A raft was made of the old Moravian church, and the people and some of their effects loaded thereon ; among-others, the families of York, Kingsley, Benjamin Eaton, Fitz gerald, Jonathan Terry and Christopher Hurlbut. Old man Van Valkenberg and three daughters, and his two sons-in- law families and the Strope family, had not been molested, but had been assured by the Indians of their continued friendship and protec tion. (But in time, they became alarmed, and Strope set out for Wyom ing for aid to take his family down the river. Hardly had he left his family, May 20, when thirteen Indians rushed in and captured the inmates, burned the house and drove off the stock. The men captured at this time were sent to Niagara, but the women and children were kept until the war ended. Thus, piecemeal, the entire settlement was swept away. It is estimated that in the beginning of 1777, there were thirty-eight Whig families in Bradford county ; seven of these had en listed in the two companies, and two had joined the militia company ; seven in the Van Valkenberg family were captured ; seven were killed by the enemy ; one died in captivity, and another soon after his release ; the total property of these people was destroyed, the cabins all burned, and the gloom and desolation brooded over the fair and once happy land, as if the angel of destruction had spread its wings and covered it in the shadow of death and utter ruin. Of all these people the last to attempt to flee was Rudolph Fox, at the mouth of Towanda creek, and as soon as possible he gathered his effects and family and fled down the river. Wyoming Battle. — The enemy now had undisputed possession of all that is Bradford county. The few people here, brave and patriotic men and women as ever lived, had stood as a barrier and shield to the older settlements against the mongrel enemies — the Indians, Tories and deserters and spies, who wanted this key to the great Susquehanna valley for the free going and coming of their marauding parties. Maj. John Butler, of the English army, actively set about gather ing and organizing a force at Tioga Point (Athens), and in June, 1778, had about 400 assembled there. He was soon joined by Joseph Brandt, and a descent was made on Cherry Valley, and a force under an HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 89 Indian chief made a foray on the West branch, and in the meantime a large force at Newtown (Elmira) and Tioga Point were making boats with which to descend the river. They gathered in all about 1,100 men, under Butler, 500 rangers' and the others, Indians and deserters. A great dog feast was indulged in at Tioga, preparatory to starting, and then, daubing themselves with paint and singing their war song, they floated out on their bloody mission to Wyoming. Butler concealed his movements with great cunning, and sent out small parties in different directions for the purpose of misleading the people along the way. The' fortunate return of Mr. Jenkins from captivity at this moment was the first warning to the people of the coming attack. This was the second of June. The people assembled rapidly and sent a statement to Congress by carriers, and asked for military aid. The air was now filled with alarms, and every hour the gloom and sadness deepened. William Crooks and Asa Budd, both formerly of this county, were sent out as scouts, and were fired upon, and Crooks was killed and Budd narrowly escaped. Crooks was the first man killed in the Susquehanna valley in the war. Blood was now tasted and the dogs of war unleashed. Butler was capturing, killing or driving all before him. Col. Nathan Dennison, commanding the militia, saw the impending danger, and sent out word for all to speedily assemble at Forty Fort. About 300 were thus called together, according to Col. Franklin's es timate. Col. Zebulon Butler was put in command, and Cols. Dennison, Dorrance, and Maj. John Garrett were his aides. The commands were two companies from Wilkes-Barre, under Capt. James Bidlach, Jr.,andRezin Geer; Capt. Asaph Whittesy's company from Plymouth; a company from Hanover under Capt. Lazarus Stewart. Maj. Butler invested the fort, and demanded a surrender, which was promptly refused. A council of war was held in the fort, and there was a divided opinion as to whether to go out and fight, or await the enemy's attack. It was expected that Col. John Franklin. and his company would arrive during the night. Lieut. Timothy Pierce had just arrived from Spalding's company, and reported that that command could reach the fort in two days. Capt. Stewart favored an immediate attack on the enemy — vowed he could whip the whole of them with his one company and finally threatened to take his com pany and return to Hanover if the attack was delayed, and unfortu nately Butler yielded. The little army marched out to Abraham's creek, where it halted to await the attack. The enemy being con cealed just in front of them, our forces marched into the trap. When within three hundred yards they deployed and opened fire ; the Americans poured a galling fire into the enemy and continued advanc ing, when the enemy's line began to waver. At this moment the sav ages rushed from their concealment in the flank and rear and attacked furiously ,and now an order to fall back was mistaken for one to retreat. The whole valley was now in a panic of terror, and the people fled down the river and across the country to places of safety; and in after years the women and children told the pathetic stories of their sufferings in their hurried exodus from the dark and bloody ground, where they 90 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. left here unburied some one of nearly every fleeing family. When the dreadful story spread through the country, it created a profound sensa tion all over the civilized world. The militia were called out 'and ordered to Sunbury. These were to be joined by Capt. Spalding's company. A detachment from New York was given them, and under Col. Thomas Hartley, of Pennsyl vania, an expedition was set on foot up the Susquehanna. Much delay in getting the expedition ready, followed. Only in September had 200 men assembled at Muncy, of these 130 were from Wyoming under Capt. Spalding, sixty of whom were from the Eleventh Pennsylvania Regiment. With this little band Col. Hartley set out for Tioga Point, September 21. The road was a terrible one; the fall rains had raised the streams, and of the route Col. Hartley said : " I cannot help observing that I imagine the difficulties in crossing the Alps or passing up the Kennipeck could not have been greater than those our men experienced for the time." Four days was this journey, through the cold rains and wading streams frequently, and on the cold ground at night without fire, for fear of the enemy, and yet these men never so much as murmured. The first of the enemy they discovered was near where is now Canton, in the southwest corner of the county. Sept. 26, Hartley's advance met a party of Indians, fired upon them, killed and scalped their chief and the others fled. In the neighborhood of LeRoy they came upon a fresh camp where about seventy had spent the night previous, but had fled on Hartley's ap proach. The command pressed on as fast as possible to Shes hequin; here they rescued fifteen prisoners from the Indians, and recaptured quite a number of cattle. Col. Morgan was to have joined Col. Hartley at this point, but failing to do so, a small detachment was sent to Tioga, and Queen Esther's village was destroyed. No more daring military movement was ever made with impunity, than this of Col. Hartley's. He returned rapidly, the first day reaching Wyalusing, where they halted and cooked the little beef they had as all the food left. The powerful enemy was rapidly collecting to swoop down on his little band and exterminate them, and Hartley realized that he must move fast enough to keep ahead of any pursuers. They had hardly formed in the march out of Wyalusing when they met the enemy, — these they soon dispersed, and in a short time again were attacked in front but again beat off their assailants. As they reached Indian Hill on the lower edge of Bradford county, a heavy attack was made on their left flank and rear, — the rear guard gave away when Capt. Spalding wTent to its support. Col. Hartley skillfully handled his men, while those in the boats landed and came up in the rear of the enemy, when they supposing they were about to be surrounded precipitately fled. Hartley's loss was four killed and ten wounded. Col. John Franklin was in this expedition as captain of the Wyoming mili tia. In his diary is this entry : " The troops retook a great number of the Wyoming cattle, horses and other property, and returned with their booty October 1 ; they met many hazardous skirmishes, with the loss of several lives. Several Indians were killed. Col. Hartlev and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 91 his men were warmly thanked on their return by the executive coun cil of Pennsylvania." The battle and massacre of Wyoming occurred July 3 and 5, 1778, now one hundred and twelve years ago, and yet the barest recitals are enough to chill one's blood in horror. The people had fled to Forty Fort, when they heard of the devastation that roving band of Indians, in which were white men often directingthe bloody work, were making along the Susquehanna valley. The Indians in strong force bore down upon them and the men in the forts, instead of waiting and standing upon the defensive within the inclosure, marched out and gave battle. A heavy fight was kept up in front, and the Indians sent out a force on the flanks, and then closed in on their rear and killed or captured all. This battle occuried on July 3, and on that and the next two days they amused themselves killing every one they had captured. Here the savage Queen Esther shocked the civilized world by her brutal ferocity. A number of captives were arranged in line near the foot of the hill and near the Susquehanna river at the base of Bloody Rock, tied and held by the Indians while this female monster walked in front of the line braining them, one by one, with a heavy tomahawk. Only two men escaped. One of these it is said was Joseph Elliott, who settled in Merryvale township, and whose descendants are still living there. They broke away from those holding them and sprang into the river, and by diving under drift wood finally got away and from their pursuers, who sent a shower of bullets and arrows after them, wounding each one several times, but fortunately only slightly ; and after crossing the stream they were soon hid in the mountains, and after many days and much danger they made their way separately to civilization and safety. This crowning act of infamy on the part ofthe Indians closed the doors to all further attempts at peaceful arbitrament, at least until the heavy hand of punishment should fall upon the mon sters. The historians of that evil day say that in the force that at tacked the whites at Wyoming or Forty Fort, were 800 Seneca Indians, and 400 British, or Tories. The Continental Congress now determined upon the vigorous measures to punish the Indians who had been practicing the most cunning deception on the frontier settlers, protesting entire neutrality between the Americans and the British. They now had the correct insight into the Indian character. The Congress advised wTith Gen. Washington, and it was determined to send a strong force up the Sus quehanna, and from thence through the Genesee valley, the heart of the powerful Iroquois nation, and lay waste and kill to their utmost power — kill the men and lay waste the lodges, villages, as well as take cattle, ponies, and destroy all their growing crops. In the rich Genesee valley the Iroquois had advanced in the cultivation of the soil beyond anything known of any other Indians at that day, and here the British could find abundant supplies for invading armies, as well as great assistance from the braves in these extended and pitiless inroads upon the frontier settlers. Gen. Washington advised this move ment as the only way to strike effectively this dangerous enemy in the rear — more threatening than the armies in front. The result was Gen. 92 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. John Sullivan's expedition up the Susquehanna. Washington's instruc tions for the commander bear date May 31, 1779. He tendered the command to Gen. Gates, who, on account of age, declined, and it was given to Gen. John Sullivan, who was directed to rendezvous a force of about fivethousandmenat Easton, Pa., and march up the Susquehanna. At the same time, Gen. Clinton was ordered to move with his bri gade of New York troops and pass down the upper Susquehanna and join Sullivan's forces at Tioga (now Athens), Bradford county. This was one of the important military movements of the Revolutionary war — in results, perhaps, far exceeding any or all others. It was forced reluctantly upon Washington, who had forgiven one act of treachery after another on the part of the red men. After he and the American people had exhausted every means to keep terms of amity with the Indians, or at least to remain neutral in the rebellion against the Mother Country. There was nothing in the question between the two countries that should have caused the Indians to take sides. In their dense ignorance they knew not that they were by their folly, not only forfeiting their rich possessions, but were periling their very existence as a tribe. Washington's military genius indicated to him the immediate results that must follow the success of Sullivan's expe dition, but to greater and ulterior results, it is highly probable, neither entered his mind nor that of the Continental Congress. A panic ensued, and in a few minutes the field was covered with flying fugitives, pursued" by yelling, murderous savages, and more than one- half of the entire force soon lay dead on the field. Of all the prisoners taken, but five escaped alive. Maj. Butler reported 227 scalps, and he adds : " The Indians were so exasperated with their loss last year, near Fort Stanwix, that it was with the greatest difficulty that I could save the lives of these few." He congratulates his superiors in his report that the women and children were spared. Three of the Gore boys and their two brothers-in-law lay dead on the battlefield, side by side. The poor mother in the fort heard the firing and saw our men in confusion and being tomahawked, and stood in the door of the fort awaiting the awful news so soon to break upon her. and whenitdid come, " What! have I one son left ? " was all that escaped her quivering lips. The expedition was directed against the Six Nations, the most powerful body of savages this continent ever knew. Their seat of empire was along the Genesee valley by the lakes. They had trod den like the grass the other tribes of America, extending their con quests to Florida and west to the Mississippi river. The lands in New York were as rich and beautiful as any on the continent. They had progressed in agriculture until broad, smiling fields of grain, corn and various vegetables, were on every hand. They had comfortable huts, and in some cases rude chimneys to them. They struck the cruel blow upon the helpless frontier people, and thereby forfeited all their rich inheritance. In Gen. Washington's instructions to Sullivan and in his report to Congress he says : " I congratulate Congress on his (Gen. Sullivan's) having completed so effectually the destruction of the whole of the towns and settlements of the hostile Indians in so short a time and with so inconsiderable a loss of men." In his letter of instruction HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 93 to the commander before starting he said : " It is proposed to carry the war into the heart of the country of the Six Nations, to cut off their settlements, destroy their next year's crop, and do them every other mischief which time and circumstances will permit." And again, that there might be no misapprehension, he adds : " The immediate objects are the total destruction of the hostile tribes of the Six Na tions and the devastation of their settlements and the capture of as many prisoners of every age and sex as possible." There could be no mistake here on the part of Gen. Sullivan. Not only the commander, but the civilized world, understood that here was the terrible answer back to the Wyoming massacre. This was war, not strictly in kind, but swift and terrible, and gave us empire from ocean to ocean. Strict neutrality would have left the Indians in peace, the possession of their homes, crops, ponies and cattle, but far greater than these their rich and boundless land possessions. Gen. Sullivan's expedition was at the same time supplemented — rather duplicated — by a similar expedition simultaneously carried on bj Gen. George Rogers Clark, down the Ohio river and into the Illi nois against the British forts at Kaskaskia and Vincennes. The first was under the Continental Congress and Gen. Washington, while the other was under Virginia (Gov. Patrick Henry) and the " Hannibal of the Northwest" — Gen. George Rogers Clark. These military expeditions, conceived and executed at the same time, one by Washington and Congress, the other by Gov. Patrick Henry and Gen. Clark, the movements of each unknown to the other, are two of the most stupendous episodes in the annals of mankind. The question of the success of the American Revolution, little as it was known by our great forefathers, was the very soul and being of the advance of the human race in liberty, in thought, and the higher civilization. We can now know the liberty gained by the Ameri cans in its reflected influence spread over the world, even to the re motest corner of the British Empire itself, after its long seven years of cruel war of attempted subjugation. The American Tories — even these mistaken men, so fierce in opposing their own neighbors, and sometimes members of their own families — were among the beneficia ries of the heroic struggles of the noble sons of liberty. Until the hour of the conception of the Sullivan and the Clark expeditions, there was no thought among the fathers other than that of independence for the little fringe of territory that ran along our Atlantic shore. It was hardly more than individual liberty in their ideas, but these two expe ditions were the secret of our present wide empire : these numerous stars set in azure blue, now glinting upon sixty-two millions of free men, marching ever onward. These then were vastly more than local events. In results they were not only continental, but world-wide and as enduring as the hills. They have touched the whole human race, and made millions of freemen where otherwise would yet have been bred only galley slaves — men and women yoked to the cruellest ser vitude. Here the chief interest in Sullivan's expedition, as a part of the local history, is, that his army passed through Bradford county, follow- 94 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ing the river to where is now Athens, where a fort was built, and where Gen. Clinton joined Sullivan by coming down the stream that he had ascended, and thus strengthened Gen. Sullivan marched out and fought the battle of Newton (near Elmira), and overwhelmingly defeated the Mohawk warriors under their greatest commanders, Joseph Brandt and CoL Butler, and their English allies, with their science of war, added to their savage cunning, bravery and fortitude. The army passed up on the east side of the river, nearly the same as is the bed of the railroad. From the many diaries of men in the expedition is extracted the following, verbatim, from that of Maj. James Norris, commencing with their arrival at the battle ground of Wyoming: June, 18, 1779. The New Jersey and New Hampshire brigades, with Proctor's reg iment of artillery, under the command of Major-General Sullivan, began to march from Easton on an expedition to the western frontiers against the savages. [Omitting the next few days the extracts are taken up again on the arrival at the battle ground.] 23. Our next place of halting is Wyoming. * * About 4 miles from this town we saw two Monuments set up by the wayside in memory of Capt. Davis and Lieut. Jones, of the 11th Pennsylvania Reg't, with the following inscription "The place where Capt. Davis was murdered by Savages, April 23d, 1779," & "The blood of Lt. Jones " About 12 o'clock we entered the Town of Wyoming which exhibits a melancholy scene of desolation, in ruined Houses, wasted fields & Fatherless Children & widows. These unhappy people after living in continual alarms & disputing for many Years their possessions with the Pennsylvanians, at length were attacked by a merciless band of savages, led on by a more savage Tory, the Unnatural monster, Butler; their houses were plundered and burnt, their cattle and effects carried away after they had capitulated; and the poor helpless Women & children obliged to Sculk in the Mountains and perish or travel down to the Inhabitants, hungry, naked and unsupported; in a word Language is too weak to Daint & Humanity unable to bear the history of their sufferings. The Refugees who joined the Indians to cut off this settlement are said to have given proofs of more wan ton and unnatural Barbarity than even the Savages themselves. The following is a deeper Tragedy than has been acted since the Days of Cain. A Young man by the name of Henry Pensil, who had escaped the Fate of most of his Countrymen, & in the Evening after, the battle had taken refuge in a small Island in the River, was dis covered by Tory who fiercely accosted him with the Appellation of a Damned Rebel ; the poor fellow being unarmed began to implore his pity, fell down upon his knees and entreated him not to stain bis hands with his Brother's blood. " John, I am your brother, spare my Life and I will serve you :" "I know you are my Brother," replied the Villain, "but you are a. damned Rebel, Henry, and we are of opposite sides and Sentiments;" in the meantime was loading his gun with great coolness, which after the most moving appeal to his humanity & Justice, with all deliberation he levelled at his breast and shot him ! Then Tomahawked & Scalped him! Another ycung man who lay concealed in the bushes a little way off & afterwards made his Escape heard all that passed, and saw the Murderer, who stood up upon a log while he loaded his Gun and Knew him to be the Brother of his unfortunate Companion. He also adds thatthe Savages came up soon after he had finished the bloody deed ; and cursed his cruelty in the bitterness of their hearts & said they had a great mind to put him to death the same way 24 This Evening one of the Centries fired upon a Savage, who had crept up within 2 or 3 Rods of him to take him by Surprise but the fellow made his escape — 28. Genl Sullivan reed, a Letter from Genl. Clinton , dated Schoharra, advising that he was furnished with 3 Months Pro vissioris, 1700 effective men with him present & 300 more at another post ready to join him & was waiting his Commands. — Same letter adds that he had taken and hanged a British Officer, a Spy, 'who was going from But ler's Army to N. York — by the Same Express we learn from Genl. Clinton that the Oneida tribe of Indians had reed, a letter from Genl. Haldiman, Governor of Quebeck, Charging them with a breach of faith & breathing out threatening against them, if they did not declare in favor of Britain. _ 2d Rode out this morning with Genl. Poor and Leut. Col. Dearborn about four miles from Camp to view the ground where the battle was fought between the Savages HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 97 and the people of Wyoming under Col. Butler, he saw a Stockade fort with a Covert Way to a fountain which our guide told, us was built for a shew by some of the disaf fected Inhabitants & given up to the Enemy immediately upon their Approach; we examined the Trees where the line of Battle was formed, but found very few marks of an Obstinate Engagement ; it appears indeed that the Enemy were superior in num bers to the Militia and soon after the Commencement of the Action turned their left Flank, this brought on a retreat, in which the savages masacred upwards of 200 Men — We saw more or less bones scattered over the ground for near two miles & several Sculls brought in at different times, that had been Scalped and inhumanly mangled with the Hatchet. A captain's commission with 17 Continental Dollars was found in the pocket of the Skeleton of a man, who had laid above ground 12 months — Our guide shewed us where 73 Bodies had been buried in one hole, this place may with propriety be called Golgotha — All the houses along this river have been burnt ; and the Gardens and fields, the most fertile I ever beheld, grown oyer with weeds and Bushes, exhibit a melancholy picture of Savage rage and Desolation. " 5 [August] Our next place of Encampment is Wyalusing, distant ten miles the Ground rocky and mountainous, particularly one tremendous ridge over which our right Flank was Obliged to pass, that seemed to over look the World &.threaten An nihilation to our prostrate Troops — After leaving this place the Scene Opened into a fine, clear, extensive piece of Woodland; here the Genl. apprehending an attack, the Signal was beaten for the Army to Close Column this order of March was observed till we left this forest and gained the Summit of a very lofty Mountain; when another Sig nal was given for marching in files — From the Top of this height we had a grand pros pective view of our little Fleet coming up the river about three Miles distance — The green hills as far as the eye could reach rising like the seats of an Amphitheatre and the distance of the prospect gave the River and the boats the beautiful Resemblance of Miniature painting — After marching abt. 2 Miles we descended into the low grounds of Wyalusing where every one was amazed at the luxuriant growth of Timber, chiefly Sycamore — few of the trees being less than 6 ft in Diameter; and to close this days march the more agreeably after passing half a mile of piny barren, the plains of Wya- •lusing opened to our sight covered with english grass, the greatest and richest Carpet that Nature ever Spread — There was once an Indian Town at this place consisting of about 80 Houses, or hutts built in two parallel right lines forming a Street of 60 or 70 feet wide; with a Church or Chapel in the Center, the place of the town is still to be seen in the old Ruins that remain on the Ground — The natives it seems had actually embraced the Christian Religion which was taught them by a .Moravian Missionary from Bethlehem for that purpose in the year 1770, the Connecticut Company having purchased the lands on this River, the Indians Retired farther Westward and left this place in the possession of a few Americans who have joined the Enemy since the Com mencement of the War — notwithstanding the Settlement has been over run by the Sav ages and the Town burnt — the Susquehanna at this place makes nearly a right Angle, and forms a point on which the Town stood and where Genl. Sullivans Army lay Two days encamped — " 8th. Sunday morning, 7 o'clock, moved on towards Tioga, and Encamped on a low piece of ground by the River, where there has been a settlement, & four families dwelt in the year 1775T This place is called Standiiig Stone Bottom — Capt. Spalding who commands the Independent Company in Genl. Hood's light Troops, lived at this place — distance ten miles. 9. Marched at 6 this morning and halted to breath near a cold stream called Wesawking [Wysox], about three and one-half miles from last encampment — Then pursued our route without rest or refreshment twelve miles farther, the Weather hot and the men much fatigued, this brings us to Sheshukonuck Bottom, a large meadow of 150 Acres, lying on the Susquehanna, covered with a vast burthen of wild grass. We rested here this evening. — [This is opposite Ulster ] In explanation of the route of the army it may be well enough to here explain the apparent fact from these diaries and journals of those who were with the expedition that there is no mention of Towanda cr§ek, or any other point in or about where is now the borough. It seems there was no "journal" of the trip kept by anyone who was on the fleet. There were 120 boats laden with stores, and carrying the cannon, etc. In order to protect the boats there was a detachment of the army that was kept on the west side of the river. And there 98 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. was no diary kept or that was published in the Government report by any one who was in that portion of the army that was on the west side of the river. It seeems that the main army shortened their route to Sheshequin by striking straight from the bend of the river below Towanda in a northwest course to that place, that is from the mouth of Wysox creek. In this way they passed east of Towanda nearly four miles. The army rested two days at Sheshequin, no doubt chiefly awaiting the arrival of the boats and the detachment that had followed the bends of the river on the west side. On their way from Wysox to Sheshequin the army passed the Nar rows above Towanda — called " Breakneck mountain." On this narrow path some of the cattle fell over the side and were killed. On the 11th of August they struck tents on the way to Tioga Point. The diary speaks of the splendid rich valley they found two miles above Sheshequin. The main army crossed the river to the west side two miles above Sheshequin. All passed over in safety — one man was washed downstream, but he was rescued. They would stem the swift current in safety by firmly locking hands, and thus supporting each other. The cattle and pack-horses forded also in safety. Maj. Norris then proceeds to say : " After advancing about one mile through a rich bottom covered with strong and stately timber which shut out the sun and shed a cool agreeable twilight, we unexpectedly were in troduced into a plain as large as that of Sheshequonunck that Esther, Queen of the Seneca tribe dwelt in retirement and sullen majesty, de tached from all the subjects of her nation. The ruins of her palace are still to be seen ; surrounded with fruit trees of various kinds. At the east end of the plain, the Tioga (Chemung) forms a junction with the Susquehanna river. At this place the army forded the Tioga river about half a mile above the junction where it encamped. We now find our selves happily arrived at Tioga with our army and fleet." Gen. Sullivan at once set about building a fort and preparing the place for military occupation, and as a base for his army in his move ments north into the Indian country. Maj. Morris describes the place as presenting evidences of recent occupation by large numbers of Indians — many hides being strewn over the ground, and the place of burial for their dead, but he adds, " There were no Vestiges of Hutts or Wigwams." The commander had built Fort Sullivan and four block houses, and near these the boats were sheltered. A strong-enough garrison for defense was left, and Gen. Clinton and his force had arrived. In the meantime, before Clinton's arrival, Sullivan had hur- ridly marched out fifteen miles to an Indian town, Chemung, and, finding it deserted, burned the place — about forty Indian huts. The place had been deserted on the approach of the army, and the Indians were seen on a hill watching the soldiers. Gen. Hand pursued them, and they waited until he was in range, when they delivered a fire and fled. They were hotly pursued about a mile. The fire of the Indians was effective, as they wounded three officers, killed six men, and wounded seven others. This has the strong appearance of having been an ambush in which the crafty savages drew Gen. Hand, and then fled, receiving no injury in return. The soldiers were then put to des- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 99 troying a field of corn, about forty acres; while thus engaged they were fired upon from across the river, killing one man and wounding five. August 26. Army about 5,000 strong moved out of Tioga, leav ing three hundred men to guard the fort, under command of Col. Shreve. On the 29th the army reached Newtown, and fought the de cisive battle of that name. This is situated about seven miles south east of where is now Elmira. The Indians were commanded by Col. John Butler and Joseph Brandt. The Americans had three men killed and twenty-nine wounded. The town of forty huts was des troyed, and the growing grain in the fields. The army then proceeded without further interruption up to and through the great Genesee valley, laying waste on every hand, literally overrun and destroyed it, and then returned to Tioga Point. In this expedition it was esti mated the army burned forty Indian villages, destroyed 200,000 bush els of corn, besides thousands of fruit trees, etc. " The land was the Garden of Eden before them, and behind a desolate wilderness. " October 3. Fort Sullivan was demolished, and the next day the army set out for Wyoming, passing down through Bradford county over the route they had come up. On the 15th the army reached its starting point, Easton, where a thanksgiving service was held. On the 17th, Gen. Washington congratulated the army on Gen. Sullivan's suc cess, and that " The whole of the soldiery engaged in the expedition merit, and have,, the Commander-in-chief's warmest acknowledgements for their important services. " This blow, more lasting and terrible than was supposed at the time, destroyed the power of the Iroquois forever. The greatest Indian con federation ever formed, Gen Sullivan had crushed. While the war lasted they kept up their forages, but it was in insignificant bands of four or five. There were no more Wyoming or Cherry Valley massa cres from these savages. Particulars of this important movement of the Colonial authorities, while one of the most important in our history, has been a neglected chapter by our historians. Simply to mention it as an incident, with but little regard to the tremendous effects following, has been too much the rule of writers on the subject of the war for Independence. Under the auspices of the State of New York a Centennial Celebration of the battle of Newtown was held in the year 1879, August 29, and under a resolution of Congress of 1876, asking for the publication of the his tory of the several counties in the Union, the historian of that locality brought public attention to Sullivan's expedition. It was then deter mined to fitly celebrate the centennial day of the battle of Newtown, and to construct on the ground a monument dedicated with appropriate ceremonies. This resulted in the grandest celebration of that period. And the activity of the managers of that occasion, the liberal assis tance from the State of New York and the elaborate memorial addresses, particularly that of the Rev. David Craft, of Wyalusing, all contributed to give this important event its proper place in American history. The 29th of August was hot and dry, but the people assem bled in vast multitudes, by organized military and civic societies, singly and in long and numerous processions. The monument standing on 100 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Sullivan Hill, on the battlefield, commanding a wide view of the sur rounding country, was unveiled with imposing ceremonies, and addresses delivered from two stands by many of the most eminent men of the country. The governors and staffs of New York and Pennsylvania and New Hampshire, as well as Gen. Sherman and staff, and many other officials, were present. It is estimated that there were assembled on the battlefield 50,000 people on that eventful day. This expedition forever destroyed the powers of the Iroquois, and drove Butler and his forces from this portion of the country, and com parative peace and safety were once more established on the Susque hanna. March, 1780, a party of fifty or more Indians came down the river and when near Wyoming they divided into bands for the purpose of striking the isolated settlers. One of these parties captured Thomas Bennett and his son, near Kingston, and added Libbeus Hammond to their capture, and started to Tioga and camped near Meshoppen. Dur ing the night the prisoners rose upon their captors, killed four, wounded another, and one fled, and seizing all the rifles of the slain returned home March 27 ; another of these bands suddenly appeared at Hanover and shot and killed Asa Upson. Two days after they captured a boy, Jonah Rogers, and the next day Moses Van Campen ; they killed and scalped Van Campen's father, brother and uncle ; the same day they captured a lad named Pence. They then passed to Huntington and fell in with Col. Franklin and four of his men, two of whom were wounded but all escaped. They found in Lehman township, Luzerne county, Abraham Pike and his wife making sugar. They stayed all night with them and took the man and wife prisoners the next morning, having bundled the baby and thrown it on the cabin roof ; during the day they released the woman, and she returned in all haste to her baby which she found, and with it in her arms fled to the settlement. Pike was a deserter from the British army — a gallant Irishman, and made up his mind that it would be decidedly unpleas ant to be carried into the British lines. The party with their captives on the night of April 3 camped on the Strope place, at the mouth of Wysox creek. Supposing they were now out of danger, they relaxed somewhat their vigilance. Jonah Rogers, the boy mentioned above, afterward told this narrative : "In the afternoon of the day before we reached the place of encampment we came to a stream. I was tired and fatigued with the journey; my feet were sore and I was just able to proceed. Pike told the chief of the gang that he would carry me over on his shoulders. The old chief, in a gruff voice, said : ' Well.' . Pike whispered in my ear as we were crossing the stream : ' Jonah, don't close your eyes to-night. When they sleep take the knife from the chief and cut the cords with which I am bound.' I was the only one of the prisoners who was not bound every night — the old chief took me under his blanket. The nights were raw and cold, and though protected in this way I thought I should perish. This much of the project was com municated by Pike to the other prisoners. Toward nightfall they halted, kindled a fire, partook of their evening meal, and were soon History of Bradford county. 101 stretched on the ground. In a few minutes the old chief was asleep, and in the course of half an hour the savages were all snoring ; but he knew his friends were awake, from the occasional half -suppressed cough. " Pike was the nearest to me, and not over two feet in distance. It was a terrific effort for me to make up my mind to perform my part of the business, for I knew that instant death would be the penalty in case of failure. But, as time passed on, and the snoring of the sav ages grew louder and louder, my courage seemed to gather new strength. I had noticed where the old chief lay down ; the knife in the belt was on the side next to me. I peered out from under the blanket, and I saw the embers of the fire still aglow, and a partial light of the moon. I also saw the hands of Pike' elevated ; I thought the time had come, and these two hours of suspense I had passed were more terrible than all the rest of my life put together. I cautiously drew the knife from the scabbard in the chief's belt, and, creeping noiselessly out from under the blanket, I passed over to Pike and sev ered the cords from his hands. "All was the silence of death save the gurgling noise made by the savages in their sleep. Pike cut the cords that bound the other pris oners. We were all now upon our feet. The first thing was to remove the guns of the Indians — the work for us to do was to be done with tomahawks and knives. The guns were carefully removed out of sight, and each of us had a tomahawk. Van Campen placed him self over the chief, and Pike over another. I was too young for the encounter, and stood aloof. I saw the tomahawks of Pike and Van Campen flash in the dim light of the half-smoldering flames ; the next moment the crash of two terrible blows followed in quick succession, when seven of the ten arose in a state of momentary stupefaction and bewilderment, and then came the hand-to-hand conflict in the contest for life. Though our enemy were without arms, they were not dis posed to yield. Pence now seized one of the guns, fired and brought one down ; four were now killed and two dangerously wounded, when the others, with terrific yells, fled at the report of the gun. As they ran, Van Campen threw his tomahawk and buried it in the shoulder of one of them. This Indian, with a terrible scar on his shoulder- blade, I saw years after, when he acknowledged how it came there." Mrs. Jane (Strope) Whitaker told that Pike had visited her father often after the war, and she had heard him relate over and over again every detail of the episode. In June, 1780, Col.. Franklin, Sergt. Baldwin with four men had trailed a party from near Tunkhannock to Wysox, near where is the Banning farm. They discovered the camp smoke, and crept upon them and captured four white men, bearers of dispatches to the British forces. One of them got away, the others were taken to headquarters ; they were Jacob and his son, Adam and Henry Hoover. Among other trophies found on the prisoners was a beautiful spy-glass, now the prop erty of Maj. W. H. H. Gore, of Sheshequin; it had been purchased by his father, Judge Gore. And Burr Ridgeway when a very old man said that he had heard Col. Franklin say, on pulling out a silver watch, " I took that from one of the prisoners." 102 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Stubborn Fight— A. battle with the red skins on Bradford soil took place at the Frenchtown mountain, opposite Asylum, April 10, 1782. A band of marauders had captured Roswell Franklin's family, of Han over. For some unknown cause this family was the especial object of attack by the Indians. A year before they had captured Franklin's son, Roswell, and his nephew, Arnold Franklin, whose father had been killed in the Wyoming battle, and they had burned his grain and drove off his stock. On April 7, while Roswell Franklin was away, a band of eight savages rushed into the cabin and captured Mrs. Franklin and her children, Olive, aged thirteen, Susanna, Stephen, aged four, and Ichabod, aged eighteen months, and hurried away with them, going north toward Tioga. The second day they were joined by five other Indians, making thirteen. In a few hours after they had gone, Franklin returned, and divining the affair hastened to Wilkes-Barre and the alarm guns were fired. The captives heard the guns and knew what it meant. Soon a party was in pursuit under Sergt. Thomas Baldwin, seconded by Joseph Elliott. The others of this party were: John Swift (afterward a general, andkilled on the Niagara frontier in 1812), Oliver Bennett, Watson Baldwin, Gideon Dudley, Mr. Cook and a Mr. Taylor — eight men. The pursuers struck straight across the country to Wyalusing and reached that point ahead of the In dians, but, for the purpose of a more eligible, place for a stand, they passed onto the Frenchtown mountain, and erected a kind of defense works by felling some trees and placing brush in front of them. The Indians had proceeded so slowly that they awaited them two days, and when on the point of concluding that they had gone by some other route they finally appeared and halted, and began to peer about with great caution. Mrs. Franklin thought they were looking for deer, as they were out of provisions. As soon as one of the bucks came in range he was fired upon, and then a regular battle com menced. The women and children were compelled to lie flat on the ground, as they were between the combatants and the bullets whistling close above them. A savage fell at Dudley's first shot, but when load ing Dudley was wounded in the arm. A desperate fight now raged — each party behind trees. The next execution was Taylor's shot that killed their medicine man ; he rushed up to scalp him, but broke his knife, when two Indians started for him, but he cut off the Indian's head and ran with it and escaped. The fight raged several hours. Mrs. Franklin, anxious to know whether her husband was in the rescu ing party, raised on her elbow to look ; her daughter, Susanna, seeing an Indian approach urged her to lie down; the next moment the Indian fired and killed Mrs. Franklin. Joseph Elliott saw the murder of the woman from his place, and creeping along the trunk of a fallen tree got an opportunity, and shot the Indian dead. The chil dren now supposing all were to be murdered, jumped up and ran. They heard some one shout to them, and thought at first it was an Indian pursuing to murder them. Again they heard the voice, saying: " Run, you dear souls, run ! " And the poor, frightened children rushed into the arms of Elliott. The Indians now fled in terror. The whites remained behind their ambush until near sunset HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 103 lest it was a trap to get them out and murder them all. Mr. Swift, had joined the party about the close of the fight, and was hardly on the ground when he was favored by the opportunity and shot an Indian dead. Mrs. Franklin was buried near where killed, and years after the daughter, Olive, wrote the following : " Our friends having . found the tomahawks of the Indians along with their packs, cut dry poles to make a raft on which to float, and we dropped silently down the river, and at the dawn came to Wyalusing island. It was just a week since we were taken prisoners. Here we lay a whole day, fear ing to go forward lest we should be discovered by the enemy, prob ably lurking near the shore, and could single us out and shoot us down at their leisure. We were sixty miles from safety, and starving ; and our friends gave the one remaining biscuit to the children, and fears were entertained that the little ones would die of hunger." The party reached Wilkes-Barre the Wednesday following. The young est child of Mrs. Franklin was caught up by an Indian at the moment they fled, and carried off, and was never again heard of. No spot in America suffered more in the great cause in proportion to population than this, and the river was strewn with remains of the times, some of which are still being found. Indian Relic. — Judge C. S. Russell has an old match-lock gun that it is supposed was left on the ground near Towanda by some "good Indian." Some years ago one of our citizens was passing over the country with his wagon, when he found the road obstructed, and in attempting to make a way around the obstruction removed an old rotted log; in doing so he struck his leg against something stubborn and sharp enough to penetrate his boot-leg, and after passing on a little distance he discovered the wound was bleeding. This excited his curiosity, and he returned and found sticking up the end of a gun- barrel, and it was the sharp point of the breech-pin that had wounded his leg. He carefully resurrected it, and it was found to be loaded ; the breech-end was cut off, and now it has a stock and new lock, and is quite an old-fashioned long gun. Its owner was at Gettj'sburg, and after the battle he found a gun lock and also a part of the stock of agun, and these were put on the old barrel. The supposition is that the old gun originally belonged to an Indian. When they came down for their second attack on Wyoming, the authorities heard of their approach, when word was sent to the people of the north part of Northumberland, and they gathered a force and swooped down, striking the Susquehanna at about this point, falling upon the Indian maraud ers in the rear. There was much skirmishing and running fighting as the Indians, when they discovered the trap they were in, turned and tried to break through the lines and get away to the point where they had started from. In this way there were dead Indians scattered for miles along the river. Samuel Gore was one of the notable men of the Revolutionary war. In January, 1832, he penned his own petition to Congress, giving something of his service in the war and asking for a pension. It is a condensed, pathetic story of the dreadful days in this beautiful valley; after a respectable introductory address to the Congress then 104 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. i. in session he proceeds in his appeal for a pension, every word of which is pregnant with history. "Your petitioner's request is of a singular nature, differing from the common case of those who served in the War of the Revolution ; he was not engaged for any limited time ; that he resided at Wyoming settlement at the commencement of the late Revolutionary War ; that in the year 1777, in the month of May, he was enrolled in the militia of Capt. Aholiab Buck's company, and took the oath of allegiance to be true and faithful to the cause then at issue; that in December, the same year,, he was draughted on a tour of duty up the river as far as Wysox and Towanda ; the command he was attached to took twenty-eight prisoners, men that had served under Gen. Burgoyne the preceding campaign ; that in the year 1778 the Settlement was in almost continual alarm the afore part of the season; and what added mostly to their fears was that three companies of soldiers had been enlisted in the Settlement and had joined the main army of Washington. " The militia that was left was on duty the principal part of the time, in fortifying, scouting and learning the military discipline till the month of July, when the settlement was invaded by the British and Indians, under the command of Col. John Butler, and Brandt, the Indian (jhief. " Your petitioner was in the memorable battle and massacre of Wyoming, and narrowly escaped the fate of five brethren and officers, and the principal part of the company to which he belonged. " In addition to his misfortune, in running across a ba}T or morass. the Indians in close pursuit, every step over knee-deep in mud and mire, by overexertion, caused a breach in his body, which has been a painful and troublesome disorder ever since. " It is unnecessary to describe the entire destruction of the settle ment by the enemy, dispersion and hardships of the fugitives, old 'men, women and children, fleeing through the wilderness, carrying with them scarcely enough to support nature by the way. " The place was retaken in August or September following, by Col. Zebulon Butler, and Capt. Simon Spalding, and a garrison replaced there. Your petitioner returned soon after and served as a volunteer during the years 1779, 1780 and 1781, and was subject to be called on in every case of emergency. " The expedition of Gen. Sullivan to the Genesee country did not prevent wholly the depredations of the enemy being frequently harrassed by small parties. In the year 1782, Capt. Spalding's com pany was called to join the main army at headquarters, and a company of invalids was stationed at the post, commanded by Capt. Mitchell, soldiers that were not calculated for the woods, scoutings, etc. Col. Dennison gave orders to have the militia organized and classed, which took place." Afterward, April 3, 1832, Sergt. Gore wrote a private letter to Phil ander Stephens, member of Congress, and from which is taken the fol lowing extracts : " I would take it as a favor if you would inform me what is the prospect of a bill for the general compensation of old sol diers and volunteers of the Revolution. * * Some cheering informa- e^^-t^—^ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 10? tion on this subject would revive my spirits, which have been almost exhausted during the severity of the past winter. * * -* * On reflecting back in these trving times, I would state some particulars respecting our family at the commencement of the Revolution. My father had seven sons, all zealously engaged in the cause of liberty. Himself an acting magistrate and a committee of safety, watching the disaffected and encouraging the loyal part of the community. * * * * Three of his sons and two sons-in-law fell in the Wyoming massacre. Himself died the winter following. One son served during the war, the others served in the Continental Army for shorter periods." Then he draws a picture of some of the things he saw in that war, and says: "Let any person at this time of general prosperity of our country, reflect back on the troubles, trials and suffering of a con quered country by a savage enemy. Men scalped and mangled in the most savage manner. Some dead bodies floating down the river in sight of the garrison. Women collecting together in groups, screaming and wringing their hands in the greatest agony; some swooning and deprived of their senses. Property of every description plundered and destroyed, buildings burned, the surviving inhabitants dispersed and driven through the wilderness to seek subsistence wherever they could find it." "This," he says, and its truth is on its face, "is but a faint description of the beautiful valley of 1778," and it should be remem bered the savages continued their depredations until 1782. "John Franklin was chosen captain. Your petitioner was appointed to sergeant and had the command of a class which was ordered to be ready at the shortest notice to scout the woods and to follow any part of the enemy that should be sent-on their murderous excursions, that he performed four tours of scouting that season of about eight days each. "Your petitioner never drew any pay, clothing or ratious during„the contest for Independence, but ammunition he was supplied with from the Continental store. "He had the charge of a family at the time (his father being dead); had to support nimself as well as he could by laboring between spells, and frequently plowing with bis musket slung at his back." He concludes with this pathetic sentence, after stating that he had been informed by the newspapers of the great spirit of liberality manifested by Congress toward old soldiers : " I take the liberty to request of your Honorable Body to take my case into consideration ; and if you, in your wisdom and justice, should think that your petitioner is entitled to any remuneration to do what you may think right and just; and your petitioner will ever pray." Such was the language of the old Revolutionary soldier who had served his country " without any pay or rations," and had to support himself and his dead father's family, by "working between spells ; often with his gun strapped on his back." It is much of the story of the war in Bradford county. The story of the wives and mothers of those times is condensed and typified in that of Samuel Gore's mother. When the battle was raging she was watching at the door ofthe fort to catch the first news 108 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. where were her four sons and two sons-in-law ; the first panting courier told her the horrid story that her three sons, Ralph, Silas and George, and her two sons-in-law, John Murphy and Timothy Pierce, were dead, and their scalped and mangled corpses lay side by side; the brave woman's heart was broken, and her stricken soul cried : " Have I one son left i " The fort was pillaged the next day, and the Indians carried all the feather beds to the river's bank, and scattered the feathers to the winds. They burned Mr. Gore's house, and the children, while the Indians were sacking the fort, gathered enough feathers to make the noted " Wyoming Bed, "' and hid them. Mrs. Gore procured a horse, threw this " bed " across it and started on the long journey across the " Shades of Death," as the seventy miles of wilderness was called, that lay before them on their way to the Dela ware. The old people and the children rode alternately and in hashed silence, not knowing what moment the red devils would spring upon them. The small children endured agony in silence and trudged on and on. That exodus from the Susquhanna is the unpar alleled story of suffering and woe. One poor woman's infant died in her arms on the way ; they could not stop to bury it on the way, and she carried the corpse over twenty miles in her arms. An old lady resident of the county, who died a few years ago, was born on that awful voyage. Frances Slocumb, a little girl aged five, was taken captive by the Indians, and never recovered. She was never heard of until she had become old, and then refused to return to her friends and civilization. She died Queen of the Miamis, near Fort Wayne, Ind, in 1847. Jifaf Zephan Flower's memory merits a paragraph among the heroes ofthe Revolution. The son of Ithuriei Flower, a genuine specimen of the Old- World Puritans that came of the stormy times of 1620, in the very beginnings of this continent, a generation praying and fighting and reading their old black-letter Bibles in order, we boys used to think, to find old scriptural names for their many children. The name Zephan, it is said, occurs but once in the Bible, but it could not escape the devotional readings of Father Ithuriei, and the bearer of that name was born November 30, 1765. and died April 16, 1855, on his farm across the river from Athens, now the property of his rela tive and adopted son, Z. F. Walker, and is buried near the old family residence on the roadside in the Franklin cemetery. He enlisted in the Continental army in 1778, when not yet quite thirteen years old, and served seven years, and at the age, therefore, of twenty-one, when the modern young man tears himself away from his mama's apron, he was an old Revolutionary soldier, who could tell of the war and battles and sieges and marches with bare feet over frozen ground ; of how he was captured and re-captured ; how he captured a Tory, and the Tory turned and captured him, when bis overcoat caught in crossing a fence, and his prisoner took his gun and about-faced him, and finally took the flint from his gun and returned it to him with the injunction : " Go your way in peace and I will go mine. " How he too quickly found a secret flint, and put it in his gun and ordered the retiring man to halt or he would fire, but the fellow only quickened his pace, and although HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 109 he could have shot him dead, yet he had not the heart to do it, and the man went in safety. Or how, when a sentinel, he challenged Gen. Washington, whom he knew very well, but refused to let him pass until he gave the countersign ; this was given, and the great soldier threw the lad a silver half dollar to show his appreciation of the act. Or how, in storming a fort, he was at the head of the storming party, and on the impulse jumped to the port-hole to crawl in, when the can noneer attempted to fire the gun with the boy right at its mouth, when he was killed almost in the act of applying the torch. In 1791, he came to Sheshequin, and then to Spalding's creek, and built a distillery. Then, though with very scant book education, he' became a surveyor, and to this day his notes and surveys are among the most reliable rec ords of the early times on the Susquehanna. In April, 1795, he sur veyed for the Susquehanna Company the old town of Flowersburg, and in 1798 the township of Litchfield, as it is now, and Windsor, now Sheshequin. While a resident of Sheshequin he was made a major of the militia. In 1803 he went to Athens and located on the present Michael Cole man farm, and was here when the great flood came, and his family was taken from the house in boats and landed at the foot of the hill of Col. Franklin's residence, and from there by boats or rafts across the flats to the door of Col. Satterlee's house ; the women holding their skirts for sails as propelling power. His next move was to the Julius Tozer farm ; then to the borough of Athens in the house now Widow Seward's. In 1834 he moved into the Col. Franklin house, and occupied this with his son Nathaniel, who had purchased the place. An incident in the life of this old soldier and surveyor was the ill- will he encountered among the settlers because he was surveying the land. They shaved his horse's mane and tail, and threatened him with violence time and again. He was ambushed and fired at several times, but fortunately was never hurt. Among his reminiscences was the "starving summer" of 1791, in this locality, when the people were brought to the verge of starvation by a frost that had ruined the previous year's crops ; breadstuff had all gone and none obtainable, and only such meat as could be captured in the forests. The only market was Wilkes-Barre. The suffering people wandered through the woods, digging roots and devouring the scant eatable herbs they could find, and one who was there has said : " The best meal I ever ate was when finally we gathered rye that was just out of the milk, kiln-dried, and pounded it out with a flail, dried it again in kettles and then pounded it Indian fashion with a stone, and made Graham short-cake, and with our invited neighbors partook of the royal feast." Thus the hungry-eyed children were brought back to plenty and happiness, and the whole population were rejoiced, and the dreadful ordeal passed away. Zephan Flower and Mary Patrick were married March 28, 1785; she was a native of Hartford, born December 25, 1765 — a princely "Christmas gift," indeed. Her brothers, Shepard and Jacob, were among the early prominent pioneers of Wysox. The children of Maj. Flower were, Heloisa, Mary, Nathaniel, 110 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Ithuriei, Huldah, Philomela, Zulimma (mother of Z. F. Walker, of Athens), George, Alfred, Albert, Almore and Zephan. Mrs. Flower died March 5, 1848, and is buried in the Col. Franklin burying-ground, now on the farm of her grandson, Z. F. Walker. Mrs. John Cole, nee Catharine Letts, mother of Dr. C. H. Cole, of Sheshequin, who died in 1846, aged seventy-five, has often related her experiences at the battle of Wyoming. She was then but six or seven years old, and her father swam the river with his three small children clinging to his clothes, and made his escape and fled through, then called, the " Wilderness of Death," to the Delaware river, subsisting, on the terrible journey, upon roots and berries. But few of the families of the Revolution on this border but had some such experiences as this old lady could tell of her young girlhood, and now to look back and hear it told as it came in later years from their lips, we wonder how it was possible that any survived to put in words the dreadful tale. We speak of our brave Revolutionary sires ; and honor them above all men, and are liable to forget that the women and weak children were by their side in every ordeal — in the fiercest battles, the bloodiest massacres and in the flights through the wilder ness, in the storms and hunger, when the very air was laden with death, and often with horrors far worse than death. One is now sometimes incredulous in trying to realize that one of our modern bug-squealing, corsetted girls could ever come of such a stock as the race of women and children that helped plant our civilization, and maintained it against every foe. Surely, the Lord tempereth the wind to the shorn lamb. Soon after the establishment of the Union occurred the episode in history of the attempt by Col. John Franklin and others to establish a new State here. "Wirt Arland" (A. S. Hooken) in the Athens News March 5, 1889, communicated the following: In the latter years of the last century this was Ihe great unorganized territory of north ern Pennsylvania. At the same time Col. Franklin and his followers were organizing to form a new State. John Sevier was carving a new State out of Tennessee, Carolina and Georgia. The move was to drive off the Connecticut settlers. Ethan Allen came and joined Franklin, and they resolved to make a new Mate with Tioga Point, now Athens, the capital. Gen. Allen said he had made one State and could make another. The new State was to extend into the unorganized, portions of Southern N. Y. The Independent Gazetteer of October 5, 1787, says: "A few days since Capts. Craig, Brady, Stephenson, Begs, Pirn and Erb went to the camp of Luzerne and there, by or der of the Supreme Executive Council, apprehended John Franklin, and yesterday brought him to this city. This man has been very active in fomenting disturbances in the camp, has great address and resolution, as was shown by the gentlemen em ployed in conducting this business; they were all officers of the Continental Army, who distinguished themselves by their bravery during the late war— it is. to be hoped they will receive sufficient compensation for their services." Gen. Franklin's long imprisonment without trial — he was refused any, even enor mous, bail that was offered, the trial postponed and he was kept in chains in a dismal fetid cell, is a most sickening chapter in Pennsylvania history, Prickering fled after Franklin's arrest. He returned, however, in 1788 to Bradford county. June 28, 1778, Pickering was seized and carried to the woods and kept secreted twenty days, but was finally set at liberty. Ashburn Towner's novel, Ohenddyneof'Kotono, gives an interesting description of this event. The real hero of those days was Col, Franklin. Franklin, the wilderness hero, lay in jail while the National Constitutional Convention assembled to form our wonderful constitution. When after in prison a year or more Franklin was brought before the court, the court said: "There was evidence that he and the people had assembled for the purpose of opposing the authority and law of the Commonwealth, and that a paper subscribed by bim had been posted inviting the people to throw off allegiance to the State of Pennsylvania and to erect themselves into an independent HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Ill State, also it appeared that the insurgents had appointed a court of three judges, vested with jurisdiction in all cases criminal and civil." This was sufficient treason, but the Commonwealth in its abundance of mercy had concluded to charge it to misprison of treason." Then bail was asked when the Chief Justice said that "yesterday we might have allowed it, but to-day's news of the arrest of Pickering shut out all such idea, and the charge was reverted back to 'treason.' " The new State project lingered after the arrest of Franklin, November 5, 1787, Dr. Ben Franklin then Secretary of the .Commonwealth sent the following to the council. "Gentlemen : Since the last session, there has been a renewal of the disturbances at Wyoming, some restless spirits there having imagined a prospect of withdrawing the inhabitants of that part of the State and some of the State of New York from their allegiance, and of forming them into a new State, to be carried into effect by an armed force in defiance of the laws of the two States. Having intelligence of this, we caused one of the principal conspirators to be apprehended and secured in the goal of this city — and auother, who resides in the State of New York, at our request has been taken up by the authorities of that Government. The papers found on this occasion fully dis covers the designs of these turbulent people, and some of their letters are herewith laid before you. ... To protect the civil officers of our new Court of Luzerne in the exercise of their respective functions, we have ordered a body of Militia to hold them selves in readiness to march thither, which will be done unless some future circum stances and information from those points may make it appear unnecessary." [Signed] B. Fkamklin, President Supreme Ex. Council. Session of Gen assembly, October 81, 1787, mostly taken up with the Luzerne troubles, a resolution was passed to raise troops. Benj. Franklin sent another mes sage to the assembly recommending the adoption of effectual measures to suppress rebellion and enforce the laws. The people drove the Commissioners from Luzerne Court, and at the November election following, Timothy Pickering was elected to the Legislature from Luzerne. He was afterward Washington's Secretary of State. CHAPTER VIII. THE SEVENTEEN TOWNSHIPS. John Winthrop, Under Whom Was the Beginning op Great Things — The First and the Second Pennamite and Yankee Wars — An Attempt To Form a New State. NO local subject in the history, not only of Pennsylvania, but also of Connecticut, has excited a more general interest than the one commonly known as the "Connecticut Claims." or the "' Fennamite and Yankee Wars." Bradford county lies within that disputed land, and the statement of the facts in the long dispute is the history of the early settlement of this portion of the State along the Susquehanna river — a contention that was bitter as it was long, and concerning which there were reprisals and bloodshed and flagrant wrongs on all sides ; the innocent often the greatest sufferers. It is now more than one hundred years since its inception, and if, unfortunely, there are yet heart-burnings and evil feelings over these oid questions that have been transmitted from sire to son, it is to be regretted. The bearing of this question and its final results have had a national influence ; had it been settled differently from what it was, one more State would 112 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. have added its star to the original cluster of thirteen that typified the original Union of States. Pennsylvania would have presented a very different face on the maps to what it now does. The boundaries of that possible State would have been : " Beginning ten miles east of the east branch of the Susquehanna river, on the one-and-fortieth degree of north, thence with a northward, line ten miles distant from the said river to the end of the forty -second degree and to extend westward throughout the whole breadth thereof, through two degrees of longitude, one hundred and twenty miles." This includes all of Bradford county except a little wedge of the northeast corner, as the east line bows to conform to the general bend of the river. The other three boundary lines are straight, the north line being the State line, and the south line being the south line of 41 ° . The other entire counties and parts of counties, as now formed, included in this described boundary, are as follows : Part of Susquehanna, Wyoming, Luzerne, Columbia, Montour, Northumberland, Union, Centre, Clinton, Clearfield, Elk, Cameron and McKean, and the whole of Potter, Tioga, Lycoming and Sullivan. What a solid little State this would have made — about the size of Connecticut! This would have been Connecticut's first-born Territory, and eventually a State. What we may now regard as a close of this tremendous contro versy is the address of Ex-Gov. Henry M. Hoyt, delivered before the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, November 10, 1879. Gov. Hoyt was then in office ; he had been a citizen of Towanda, and in his law practice had been drawn into a careful study of the legal ques tions involved, and fortunately the society requested him to make an address on the subject. To the data he had professionally accumu lated, he added such materials as the records and history gave, and delivered his able and eloquent address, and it may be now accepted as a full, complete and final summing up of the points involved, and dramatic as was that chapter in our country's history, the Governor's " Brief" or " Syllabus," as he terms it, of the " Seventeen Townships," reads like the learned and impartial decision of the upright judge. The English discovered and possessed North America from latitude 34° to 48° , and called the Provinces South Virginia, and North Vir- ginia, or New England. James I., April 10, 1606, granted the London ompany the right to plant a colony anywhere between 34 ° and 41 ° north latitude. Out of this grant came Virginia and the Southern States. The same year the king granted similar right to Thomas Hanhaw, et al., between 38 ° and 45 ° . All these rights or grants extended entirely across the continent! America at that time was a kind of king's grab-bag. On November 3, 1620, the King incorporated the council of Ply mouth " for the planting, ruling, ordering and governing of New Eng land," and giving to their care from 40° to 48°. — --Provided any portion herein named be not actually possessed or inhabited by any other Christian Prince, or State." On March 19, 1628, the Council of Plymouth granted to Sir Henry Roswell, et al., all that part of New England between the Merrimac river and Charles river on Massachusetts Bay. The southern boundary HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 113 of this grant, as all of them in that day was, " from ocean to ocean," and it ran along the 42 ° 2'. latitude. [The north line of Pennsylvania runs on 42 ° .] This was conferred by King Charles, March 4, 1629. March 19, 1631, the Council of Plymouth granted to Lord Say, et al., ¦- All that part of New England which lies and extends, itself, from the Narragansett river, the space of forty leagues upon a straight line near the shore, toward the southwest, westvand by south or west, as the coast lieth, toward Virginia, accounting three English miles to the league." As usual it ran west to the sea. Upon the wording of this grant arose the most of the controversy. President Clap describes it thus : " All that part of New England which lies west from Narragansett river 120 miles on the sea coast, and from thence in latitude and breadth aforesaid to the South Sea. This grant extends from Point Judith to New York, and from thence west to the South Sea; and if we take Narragansett river in its whole length this tract will extend as far north as Worcester. It comprehends the whole colony of Connecticut and much more." The grantees appointed John Winthrop their agent, who planted a colony at the mouth of the Connecticut river, and named it " Saybrook." On April 20, 1662, Charles II. incorporated the Connecticut Colony, and by letters patent made practically a new grant, the material or descriptive part of which is as follows : East by Narragansett river, commonly called Narragansett Bay where the said river falleth into the sea ; and on the north by the line of Massachusetts as usual running " from sea to sea." In 1635, the Plymouth Colony came to an end. The import of this charter has not escaped the great American his torian, Bancroft, who says, Vol. II., pp. 51, 54, 55 : "It would be a serious blunder to belittle this charter by viewing it simply as a link in this chain of title. Under John Winthrop it became " the beginning of the great things" on this continent. "They had purchased their lands of the assigns of the Earl of Warwick, and from Uncas they had bought the territory of the Mohegans ; and the news of the restoration awakened a desire for a patent. But the little colony proceeded warily ; they draughted among themselves the instruments which they desired the King to ratify ; and they could plead for their possessions (heir rigrits by purchase, by con quest from the Pequods, and by tlieir own labor whieh had redeemed the loilderness. "The courtiers of King Charles, who themselves had an eye to possessions in Amer ica, suggested no limitations ;and perhaps it was believed, that Connecticut would serve to balance the power of Massachusetts. "The charter, disregarding the hesitancy of New Haven, the rights of the colony of New Belgium, and the claims of Spain on the Pacific, connected New Haven with Hartford in one colony, of which the limits were extended from the Narragansett rivei to the Pacific ocean. How strange is the connection of events! Winthrop not only secured to his State a peaceful century of colonial existence, but prepared the claim for western lands. " With regard to powers of government, the charter was still more extraordinary. It conferred on the colonists unqualified power to govern themselves. "Connecticut was independent, except in name. Charles II. and Clarendon thought they had created a close corporation, and they had really sanctioned a democ racy." On July 11, 1754, an interval of nearly one hundred years, the next line in the Connecticut chain of title, was the purchase of the eighteen chiefs, or sachems, of the Five Nations, for £2,000, by the Susquehanna Company, of the]lands described above as the " Seventeen Townships." In May, 1755, the Assembly of Connecticut, after stating that these lands were within the limits of their charter, resolved, that " we are of 114 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the opinion that the peaceable and orderly erecting and carrying on some new and well regulated colony or plantation on the lands above men tioned would greatly tend to fix and secure said Indian nations in alle giance to his Majesty, and accordingly hereby manifest their ready acquiescence therein." Miss Earned in her valuable history of Windham county,Conn., says : " The marvellous richness and beauty of the Susquehanna valley were already celebrated, and now it was proposed to plant a colony in this beautiful region, and thus incorporate it into the jurisdiction of Connecticut." In the Colonial records is found a petition to the Assembly of Con necticut, dated March 29,1753, describing these lands, and "as we suppose lying within the charter of Connecticut," and among other matters they say that they desire permission to possess " a quantity sixteen miles square to lie on both sides of the Susquehanna river," to which they would purchase the Indian right " honorably," etc. This constitutes the Connecticut chain of title to the " Seventeen Sections." The Penns' Side. — William Penn's charter from Charles II., bears date March 4, 1681, the metes and bounds as are nearly now the boundary lines of Pennsylvania, except one degree south on the north line; whereupon, in taking possession of his domain, he issued the following proclamation : My FSiehds: I wish you all happiness here and hereafter. These are to lett you know that it hath pleased God in his Providence to cast you within my Lott and Care. Jt is a business, that though I never undertook before, yet God has given me an understanding of my duty, and an honest minde to doe it uprightly. I hope you will not be troubled at your chainge and the King's choice; for you are now fixt, at the mercy of no Goyernour that comes to make his fortune. You shall be governed by laws of your own making, and live a free, and if you will, a sober and industrious People. I shall not usurp the rights of any or oppress his person. God has furnished me with a better resolution, and has given me His grace to keep it. In short, whatever sober and free men can reasonably desire for the security and improvement of their own happiness, I shall heartily comply with. I beseech God to direct you in the way of righteousness, etc. . ' I am your true Friend, [signed] Wm. Pbnn. On October 11 and October 25,1736, the Six Nations sold to William Penn the " entire country of Pennsylvania." Additional deeds were made to the Penns July 6 and July 9, 1754, and finally November 5, 1768, a deed to the Penns by the Six Nations conveys " all that part of the Province of Pennsylvania not heretofore purchased of the Indians." Up to 1768, there is no evidence that any settler under Pennsylva nia had set foot in the disputed territory. In 1768, as we have seen, the Penns had completed their purchase of these lands at Fort Stan- wix. The General Council, held then, had made treaties which prom ised relief from Indian troubles. We have now come to the miserable contest, known in the common parlance of the country as — The First Pennamite and Yankee War. — It was a fair, and beautiful, and valuable prize, this valley of Wyoming, and all the valley of the upper Susquehanna. Both sides prepared for the fray. In 1768, at Hartford, the Susquehanna Company resolved " that five townships, five miles square, should be surveyed and granted, each to forty settlers, being proprietors, on condition that those settlers rO-etdiynQ. f HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 117 should remain upon the ground; man their rights, and defend them selves and each other, from the intrusion of all rival claimants." Five townships in the heart of the Valley were assigned to these first adventurers: Wilkes-Barre, Hanover, Kingston, Plymouth, and Pitts- ton. Kingston, the first township occupied, was allotted to "Forty" settlers. The lands were divided into rights of 400 acres each, "re serving and apportioning three whole rights, or shares, in each town ship for the public use of a gospel ministry and schools in each of said towns." A stockade was erected on the river bank in Kingston, called " Forty Fort." It became the central point of much of the his tory of the region. With these settlers came Capts. Butler, Ransom and Durkee, some of whom had seen honorable service in the French war, and had shared in the campaign at Ticonderoga and Crown Point. They were not without the aid of bold adherents obtained in Pennsylvania — the Shoemakers and McDowells, from the settlements on the Delaware, above the Blue Hills; and Lazarus Stewart and others, from Hanover, in Lancaster (now Dauphin) county, reinforced by some excellent Quakers from Bhode Island. The designated leaders of the Proprietaries of Pennsylvania were Charles Stewart, Capt. Amos Ogden and Sheriff Jennings, of North ampton county. They had able assistants in Capts. Clayton, Francis and Craig. The Penns had leased to Stewart, Ogden and Jennings one hun dred acres fbr seven years, on condition of "defending the lands from the Connecticut claimants." This lease was the flag they hoisted as the badge of title and possession. They arrived first upon the ground. This was in January, 1769. They took possession of the block-house and huts at Mill creek (about one mile above the present city . of Wilkes-Barre) which had been left by the massacred settlers of 1763. They laid out for the Proprietaries two extensive manors : " Stoke," on the east bank, and "Sunbury," on the west bank of the Susque hanna, embracing the heart of the Wyoming valley. In February, 1769, the first forty Connecticut settlers arrived. Finding the block-house in possession of Ogden, they sat down, mid winter as it was, to besiege it and starve out the garrison. Ogden proposed a conference. "Propose to a Yankee to talk over a matter, especially which he has studied and believes to be right, and you touch the most susceptible chord which vibrates in his heart." It was so here. Three of their chief men went to the block-house to " argue the matter." Once within, Sheriff Jennings arrested them on a writ, " in the name of Pennsylvania." They were taken to the jail at Easton. Friends there bailed them, and they returned to Wyoming. Ogden then raised the posse of Northampton county, stormed the Yankee fort and carried the whole forty to Easton. They were all immediately liberated, on bail, and all immediately returned to Wyoming. In April, the quotas of four townships, two hundred men, arrived. These with the others constituted a force of nearly -three hundred now on the ground. They erected " Fort Durkee" on the river bank, and thirty huts. (The fort stood at the lower end of the " river com mon" in Wilkes-Barre ; the town itself being laid out by Maj. Dur- 118 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. kee, and named after Cols. Wilkes and Barre, two members of Parlia ment friendly to the colonies). They had full possession now, and went vigorously at felling forests and planting fields. As the Colony of Connecticut was as yet taking no part in this struggle, the Susque hanna Company undertook to gain time and get delay by opening negotiations with the government of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania listened, but kept right on with the more rigorous preparations to recover the disputed ground. In September, the indefatigable Ogden appeared before Fort Durkee with two hundred men, theposse of Northampton, for so far all was done under civil process. A four-pound iron cannon had been brought up from Fort Augusta (Sunbury). Capt. Durkee was captured by the adroit Ogden, and under the persuasion of the dreadful four- pounder, the whole garrison surrendered, and the Connecticut people were compelled to leave. This closed the year 1769, Wyoming re maining in possession of Pennsylvania. Ogden, believing he had made thorough work, disbanded his troops, and leaving a small garrison in his fort at Mill Creek, went to Philadelphia to enjoy his honors. In February, Capt. Lazarus Stewart, of Hanover, Lancaster county, and his ¦•forty" settlers (mostly Pennsylvanians these, who had purchased the township which he named for his own home, Hanover), appeared in the valley. They ousted Ogden's men from his fort, and captured the "four pounder." This brought Ogden rapidly back from Philadelphia with fifty men, and he re-possessed his Mill creek fortress. In a sally made upon him here, the Connecticut people were repulsed, and lost one man, killed — the first bloodshed as yet. Ogden was obliged to surrender in April, and retired from the valley. Planting time had come, peace reigned, and confidence began to prevail. Spring and summer came, and the harvests were ripening, and no foe. Pennsylvania, for some reason, had not crushed this dispute. In point of fact, the Proprietaries having appropriated the best part of the valley to themselves, the people very generally sympathized with the settlers, and wished them success. However, with a new force, Ogden appeared once more in September, and by stratagem, most of the inhabitants being in their fields, without arms, once more captured the fort, dispersed the settlers and destroyed their crops. For the fourth time he retired to Philadelphia, in the full belief that the con test was at an end. At the very close of the year, on the 18th of December, Capt. Lazarus Stewart, with thirty men, again swooped down upon Ogden's garrison, and the year closed with the valley in possession of the Yankees. Promptly with the opening of 1771, Pennsylvania again sent her forces to the recapture of Fort Durkee and the fields of Wyoming. Capt. Ogden abandoned his fortress at Mill creek, and defiantly erected a new "one, Fort Wyoming, within sixty rods of his adversary. Capt. Stewart commanded at Fort Durkee. It was Greek against Greek now. Ogden demanded the surrender of Fort Durkee. Stewart replied : " That he had taken possession, in the name and behalf of „ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 119 the Colony of Connecticut, in whose jurisdiction they were, and by that authority he would defend it." Ogden assaulted, but failed, a number being killed and wounded in this affair. In turn he was be sieged. Escaping himself by a ruse, his garrison surrendered under formal articles of capitulation on the 14th of August, 1771. The government of Pennsylvania, finding that the Connecticut forces had strongly fortified themselves — that their numbers were rapidly increasing, and believing, from the boldness and confidence of the intruding Yankees, that the government of Connecticut was sus taining them, gave orders for the withdrawing of their troops, and left the Connecticut party in quiet possession of the valley. In answer to a letter from Mr. Hamilton, president of the council, to Gov. Trumbull, of Connecticut, inquiring under whose authority " these violent and hostile measures " were prosecuted, Gov. Trum bull thus cautiously replies, October 14, 1771: "The persons con cerned in those transactions have no order and direction from me, or from the General Assembly of the Colony, for their proceeding upon this occasion, and I am very confident that the General Assembly, friends as they ever have been to peace and good order, will never countenance any violent, much less hostile, measures in vindicating the rights which the Susquehanna Company suppose they have to lands in that part of the country within the limits of the charter of this colony. Connecticut had not yet " asserted its title " to the country. The inhabitants of Wyoming established a government for themselves. They laid out townships, formed settlements, erected fortifications, levied and collected taxes, passed laws for the direction of civil suits, and for the punishment of crimes, established a militia, and provided for the common defense and general welfare of the " plantation." " Neither the Grecian nor Roman States, in their proudest days of re publicanism, could boast of a government more purely democratic than was now established at Wyoming." For the two years, 1772-1773, peace and prosperity reigned. The " settlers " showed themselves competent to defend themselves, and their footing seemed securely established. In October, 1773, the General Assembly of Connecticut " Resolved, That this Assembly, at this time; will assert and, in some proper way, support their claim to those lands contained within the limits and boundaries of their charter, which are westward of the Province of New York." Commissioners were appointed, who went to Philadelphia, in De cember, to bring the controversy to an amicable conclusion. The case was there fully gone over on both sides ; but the negotiation failed of results. It was conducted with the most stately courtesy and ability. A strong Pennsylvania advocate says of his adversary : " I should have been glad to have seen the excellent temper and abilities of their penman engaged in another cause." In January, 1774, an act was passed by the General Assembly of Connecticut, erecting all the territory within her charter limits, from the river Delaware to a line fifteen miles west of the Susquehanna, into a town, with all the corporate power of other towns in the 120 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. colony, to be called Westmoreland, attaching it to the county of Litchfield. As might have been expected, this greatly strengthened the settlers, and was hailed with much satisfaction. They were now under the law and protection of the ancient and high-standing Colony of Connecticut. "A sense of security existed, a feeling of confidence ensued, which gave force to contracts, encouraged industry, and stim ulated enterprise." The Wyoming region was in Northampton county, until the year 1772, when it -went into Northumberland, according to the municipal division of Pennsylvania. On July 3-7, 1772, Col. Plunkett, of Northumberland county, under orders of the Government, destroyed the settlements of Charleston and Judea (Milton), on the west branch, which had been made under the auspices of the Susquehanna Company, in which affair some lives were lost. With about five hundred armed men, in December, 1775, Col. Plunkett, with his train of boats and stores of ammunition, moved up the north branch to drive off the Connecticut settlers from the Wyoming country. About three hundred of these settlers met him at Nanticoke and repulsed him, with some loss of life on both sides. At this point, Congress interfered and " Resolved, * * * that the contending parties immediately cease all hostilities, and avoid any appearance of force until the dispute can be legally settled." It is evident that the dispute had widened into national importance. After Col. Plunkett's failure, all "appearance of force " did cease until after the decree of Trenton, in 1782. In 1775, the number of inhabitants of Wyoming was something more than three thousand. In November, 1776, the town of Westmoreland was erected into a county of Connecticut, to be called Westmoreland, and thereupon its civil and military organization was complete. Three companies of troops were raised there for the Continental establishment, and were part of the Twenty -fourth Regiment of the Connecticut line. The Decree of Trenton. — After the failure of Col. Plunkett's expedition, in 1775, we left the Yankees in possession. It required some considerable self-control and more patriotism in Pennsylvania to drop the controversy at that stage. But, under the request of Con gress, she did so. Promptly on the appearance of peace, after the surrender of Cornwallis at Yorktown, the State, by petition of her president and supreme executive council, prayed Congress to appoint commissioners "to constitute a court for hearing and determining the matter in question, agreeably to the ninth article of the Confedera tion." Connecticut asked for delay, " because that sundry papers of importance in the case are in the hands of council in England, and can not be procured during the war." Congress overruled the motion, and on the 28th day of August, 1782, issued commissions to William Whipple, of New Hampshire; Welcome Arnold, of Rhode Island ; Davia Brearly and William Churchill Houston, of New Jersey ; Cyrus Griffin, Joseph Jones and Thomas Nelson, of Virginia, or any five or more of them, to be a court of commissioners, with all powers, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 121 prerogatives and privileges, incident or belonging to a court, "to meet at Trenton, in the State of New Jersey, on Tuesday, the 12th day of November next, to hear and finally determine the controversy between the said State of Pennsylvania and State of Connecticut, so always as a major part of said commisssoners, who shall hear the cause, shall agree in the determination." The Commissioners, except Joseph Jones and Thomas Nelson, met and formed the court November 19, 1782. Messrs. William Bradford, Joseph Reed, James Wilson and Jonathan D. Sergeant, appeared as counsel for Pennsylvania ; and Messrs. Eliphalet Dyer, William S. Johnson and Jesse Root, as counsel for Connecticut. Upon the assembling of the Court, the agents for Connecticut, after reciting the possession and improvements of large numbers of persons holding under the Susquehanna Company, moved that "the tenants in possession, holding as aforesaid, be duly cited to appear and defend." The Court rightly overruled the motion "that the same can not be admitted according to the construction of the ninth article of the Confederation." The Commission under which they acted was founded on the second clause of the ninth article. The determination of the claims of private property, or right in the soil, would have been coram non judice, that jurisdiction being derived from the third clause of the article, the two jurisdictions could not be blended. Connecticut then moved an adjournment to procure evidence, especially "a certain original deed from the Indians of a large parcel of the land in dispute obtained from their chiefs and sachems, at their council in Onondaga, in A. D. 1763, and now in England." The Court did not grant the postponement. The agents of Pennsylvania set forth their claims as follows : 1. The charter of King Charles II. to Sir William Penn, dated March 4, 1681. 2. That said Penn and the succeeding proprietaries purchased from the native Indians the right of soil in some parts of the territory ; and that the Indians had conveyed to Thomas and Richard Penn, particularly on the 25th day of October, 1736, "The full and absolute right of pre-emption of and in all the lands not before sold by them to the said proprietaries, within the limits aforesaid." 3. They stated the limit of the said charter. 4. That by virtue of the Declaration of Independence the articles of Confederation, and the act of the Legislature of 27th November, 1779, the right of soil and estate of the late proprietaries was vested in the State, and that "Pennsylvania was entitled to the right of jurisdiction and right of soil within all the limits aforesaid." 5. The claims of certain settlers under title derived under Connecticut, and the assertion of title by the State of Connecticut. The agents for Connecticut exhibited a statement of the claim of that State, in which they deduced the title from the Crown, through the Plymouth Council, and the charter of Charles II., dated April 23, 1662, described the limits of that charter ; set forth the exception of New Netherlands, afterwards New York ; alleged that in 1753, the State having located and settled their lands on the east side of New York, aDd being in a condition to extend their settlements in the western part of their patent, for that purpose permitted certain companies of adventurers to purchase large tracts of land of the native Indians, on the Susquehanna and Delaware, within the limits of their 123 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. charter, "and in A. D. 1754, said companies proceeded and made settlements on said lands, so purchased, as aforesaid, and ever since have, though with various interruptions, continued to hold and possess the same, under the title of the Colony of Connecticut, and the Legis lature have approved of the purchases and settlements of the advent urers aforesaid, and have actually erected and exercised jurisdiction in and over said territory, as part and parcel of said colony." The Court was in session forty-one judicial days. On Monday, December 30, 17S2, they pronounced the following judgment : We are of the opirion that the State of Connecticut has no right to the lands in con troversy. We are also unanimously of the opinion that the jurisdiction and pre-emption of all the territory lying within the charter boundary of Pennsylvania, and now claimed by the State of Connecticut, do of right belong to the State of Pennsylvania. All the public, corporate rights of Connecticut, as to jurisdiction and property in the land, were embraced within the jurisdiction of this court, and this decree was final and conclusive Between the States which were parties to the cause. That this determination did not touch the private rights of property not only appears by the record, but is placed . beyond doubt by the written opinions of the members of the court that had decided the case. The individual claims of those who had purchased of the Con necticut company, it was understood by the unanimous court, were not effected by the decree. However, these facts were not given the pub lic for a long time. After the decree at Trenton, a petition was presented to Congress by Zebulon Butler and others, claiming the private right of soil under Connecticut, and praying for a court of commission to determine their claims. On the 23d day of January, 1784, Congress resolved to institute a court for the purpose. At length, however, the resolution was repealed, because the petition "doth not describe, with sufficient certainty, the tract of land claimed by the said Zebulon Butler and others, nor particularly name the private adverse claims under grants from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania." Congress seemed to have acted on the theory that each claimant should bring forward a separate petition, the land claimed, and name the adverse claimants with certainty. They do not seem to have entertained any doubt of the right to such special trials, independent of the decision at Trenton. But the settlers were poor, oppressed, and wasted by war ; and by this time, 1786, the heavy hand of civil and military power was raised to crush them. Before another petition could be brought for ward the new constitution was adopted, and as a matter of course the Federal Courts succeeded to all jurisdiction vesting in the special courts of commissioners. It has generally been considered that the decree of Trenton was made rather out of consideration of policy than right ; that Connecticut had pre-arranged the case with Pennsylvania and Congress ; and that, out of the arrangement, she was to get the "Western Reserve." The theory is based on a report on finances made in Congress on the 31st of January, 1783, a month after the decree, in which it is said, incident- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 123 ally, " Virginia and Connecticut have also made cessions, the acceptance of which, for particular reasons, have been delayed." These cessions came thus : At the close of the American Revolution, the circumscribed States contended that all unlocated lands of the States which ran to the " South Sea " should, beyond some reasonable bounds, belong to the United States in common, as a prize equally contended for b}' all. Congress recommended that this be done. Massachusetts, New York, Connecticut, Virginia, North Carolina, and Georgia severally passed such cessions. In 1786, it was " Resolved, That Congress, in behalf of the United States, are ready to accept all the right, title, interest and claim of the State of Connecticut to certain western lands," etc. When the cession was offered, the absolute acceptance of it was opposed by Pennsylvania, whose members in Congress moved a proviso that it should not be construed or understood to affect the decree of Trenton. This proviso was rejected. They then moved that Congress should not accept the cession, because it might virtually imply a sanction of what was not ceded ; but if Connecticut would first relinquish to New York, Pennsylvania, and the United States, respectively ,jall her claims of jurisdiction and property west of the eastern boundary of New York, the United States would then release to Connecticut the property, but not the jurisdiction of a tract of land, of one hundred and twenty miles in ex tent, west of Pennsylvania. This resolution was negatived. A proviso was then moved, that the acceptance of any cession of western territory from any State which had been or might be made, should not be "construed or understood, as confirming or in any way strengthening: the claim of such State to anv such territory not ceded," which also received a negative. Again it was moved, to be accepted on this condition, that it should in no degree affect the claims of any State to any territory, ascertained by the decree of the Federal Court, to be within the territor}' or jurisdiction of such State, or to injure the claims of the United States, under acts of cession from any individual State. This was also negatived. At last the acceptance was passed in these unqualified terms : " Resolved, That Congress accept the said deed of cession, and that the same be recorded and enrolled among the acts of the United States in Congress assembled." This has been regarded as a substantial recognition of the Con necticut charter by the United States. By the deed, Connecticut grants " all right, title, interest, juris diction, and claim to certain western lands, beginning at the com pletion of the forty -first degree .of north latitude, one hundred and twenty miles west of the western boundary line of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, as now claimed by the said Commonwealth, and from thence by a line drawn north parallel to, and one hundred and twenty miles west of said west line of Pennsylvania, and to continue north until it comes to forty -two degrees and two minutes of north latitude." This reservation, or rather tract not ceded, is (bounding it easterly by the west line of Pennsylvania) one hundred and twenty miles east and west, and one degree and two minutes wide, north and south, 124 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. containing several millions of acres. This was called New Connecticut, or the Western Reserve — a goodly part of northeastern Ohio. Whatever the motive, Connecticut promptly acquiesced in this decision at Trenton. Not so, however, the claimants under her. They held their case as still undecided. They admitted the retrospective operation of the decree as to the- public rights of the immediate parties, that is, the two States, but contended that "the principle of relations does not retrospect so as to affect third persons." They cited the long line of precedents as to settlements between colonies contending about the lines of jurisdiction ; that the grants of colonies made to subjects had been held sacred, whether within the line as it was after settled or not. Such had been the case between Rhode Island and Connecti cut, between Massachusetts and Connecticut, Massachusetts and New Hampshire, between New York and Connecticut. That had been the case between Pennsylvania and Maryland, and between Pennsylvania ahd Virginia. New York, indeed, attempted- to infringe the rule in the case of New Hampshire grants in Vermont, but finally conformed to the justice of the general rule. And it is perfectly analogous to the doctrine respecting officers de facto, whose acts,. so far as relates to the rights and interests of third persons, are effectual in law, notwithstand ing the offices are found to belong -of right to other persons. The vote of . a sitting member in a legislative assembly is legal, though- it may afterward be decided that he was not elected. The decision in such cases never operates retrospectively. By the former Constitution of Pennsylvania, a- year's residence was a requisite qualification to vote at elections. '¦ Within a year after the Trenton decree, twenty-four Wyoming settlers, who had lived a number of years on the contested land, attended in the. county of Northumberland^ and gave their votes for two members of the Legis lature and one of the Executive Council. The votes were received by the returning officer, and decided the election in all the three cases. But the elections were contested, these votes set aside, and the elections declared in favor of "the other candidates by the Legislature and the Council respectively, because the twenty -four persons had not resided a year in Pennsylvania, for that territory was Connecticut until the Trenton decree. This legislative and executive determination proceeded upon the same great principle that the jurisdiction, decided by the Trenton commissioners,does not go back and affect the pre-existing rights or condition of private persons. In this view, the settlers determined to acquiesce cheerfully in the decree, accept their citizenship in Pennsylvania, but to listen to no terms which involved "abandonment of their possessions." From this time on, matters are to be conducted under the govern ment of Pennsylvania, and we are to go through the " Second Penna mite War," but the happy outcome is to be under Pennsylvania statutes, and the decisions of Pennsylvania courts. The Confirming Act: — "The Second Pennamite War." A bird's- eye view of Pennsylvania in 1783 will show : The Friends, possessed of a prosperous and thrifty metropolis, and rich fields in Philadelphia and the adjoining counties. ¦'--¦-.-- V'.;'.V .m '^^»* HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 127 The German, profitably and industriously settled along the eastern base of the Kittochtinny, or " Blue hills," from the Delaware to the Susquehanna, holding that rich agricultural territory, as he holds it yet- The Scotch-Irish, in the Cumberland Valley, and pushing up the Juniata, and winding around the spurs of the Alleghanies, into the then counties of Bedford and Westmoreland. The Yankee, seated in the valleys of the North branch of the Susque hanna. The rest of the State, except some valleys of the West branch, was an unbroken wilderness. The total population did not exceed three hundred and thirty thousand. Of the Yankee settlers, there were probably about six thousand. These were scattered, mainly, in seventeen townships in the county of Luzerne, then including the territory of Wyoming, Susquehanna, and Bradford. Their townships were five miles square, and extended, in blocks, from Berwick to Tioga Point, embracing the bottom lands along the river — Providence, the present site of Scranton, being on the Lackawanna. These townships were Huntington, Salem, Plymouth, Kingston, Newport, Hanover, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston, Providence, Exeter, Bedford, Northmoreland, Putnam, Braintrim, Springfield, Claverack and Ulster. They contain a present population of one hun dred and eighty thousand people. The inhabitants at once set about meeting the adverse effects of the proceedings at Trenton. A petition was drawn to the Assembly of Pennsylvania, in which, after reciting at length the facts, they touch- ingly and pathetically close thus : " We have settled a county (in its original state), but of little value ; but now cultivated by your mem orialists, is to them of the greatest importance, being their all. We are yet alive, but the richest blood of our neighbors and friends, children, husband and fathers, has been spilt in the general cause of their country. * * * * We supplied the Continental army with many valuable officers and soldiers, and left ourselves weak and unguarded against the attack of the savages and others of a more savage nature. Our houses are desolate — many mothers childless — widows and orphans multiplied — our habitations destroyed, and many families reduced to beggary, which exhibits a scene most pitiful and deserving of mercy. * * * We care not under what State we live. We will serve you — we will promote your interests — will fight your battles ; but in mercy, goodness, wisdom, justice, and every great and generous principle, leave us our possessions, the dearest pledge of our brothers, bhildren, and fathers, which their hands have cultivated, and their blood, spilt in the cause of their country, has enriched. We further pray that a general act of oblivion and. indemnity may be passed, * * * and that all judicial proceedings of the common law courts held by and under the authority of the State of Connecticut be ratified and fully confirmed." Acting on this petition, the Assembly, inter alia, " resolved that commissioners be appointed- to make full inquiries into the cases, and report to the House ; * * that an act be passed for con- 128 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. signing to oblivion all tumults and breaches of the peace which have arisen out of the controversy." On March 13, 1783, an act was passed by the Assembly. The garrison of Continental troops had been previously withdrawn. Their places were now supplied with two companies of State troops, under Capts. Robinson and Shrawder. The presence of these troops was a cause of great anxiety to the settlers. On the 15th of April the commissioners arrived. In their first communication to the " Committee of Settlers," 19th April, 1783, they made the ominous declaration : " Although it can not be supposed that Pennsylvania will, nor can she, consistent with her Constitution, by any ex post facto law, deprive her citizens of any part of their property legal ly obtavned, yet," etc. This was pretty fair notice of expulsion. Judge John Jenkins re plied in behalf of the settlers, by a dignified but passionless recital of their rights and claims much more worthy of the sturdy settlers than the petition referred to. The " Committee of Pennsylvania Landhold ers," Alexander Patterson, chairman, now came forward with their terms of what they called "the conditions of compromise." That the commissioners should have endorsed them is beyond belief. They were : " We propose to give leases with covenants of warranty for holding their possessions one year from the first day of April instant (22d April, 1783), at the end of which time they shall deliver up full possession of the whole, and if they have any oppor tunities of disposing of their hutts, barns, or other buildings, they shall have liberty to do it. The widows of all those whose hus- bandsl were killed by the savages, to have a further indulgence of a year, after the first of April, 17 8^, for half their possessions." Patterson was determined " to feed fat the ancient grudge he bore them." Judge Jenkins replied the same day : " As we conceive that the pro posals of the committee, which they offer as a compromise, will not. tend to peace, as they are so far from what we deem reasonable, we can not comply with them without doing the greatest injustice to ourselves and our associates, to widows and fatherless children ; and, although we mean to pay due obedience to the constitutional laws of Pennsylvania, we do not mean lo become abject slaves, as the Committee of Landholders sug gest in their address to your honors." The commissioners divided Wyoming into three townships, the new ones being named Stokes and Shawanese. Justices of the peace were elected by Patterson and his associates without notice to or participa tion by the inhabitants, they not yet being freeholders and voters in Pennsylvania. The commissioners reported to the Assembly which convened in August, 1 783. They recommended to the families of those who had fallen in arms against the common enemy, reasonable compensation in land in western Pennsylvania, and to the other holders of Connecticut titles who " did actually reside on the land at the time of the decree at Trenton, provided they delivered possession by the 1st day of April following." HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 129 Now, Pennsylvania began to vacillate in her policy. The Assembly approved all their suggestions. The division of Wyoming into three townships was also approved. The "act to prevent and stay suits" was repealed 9th September, 1783. Two full companies of soldiers, " who have served in the Pennsyl vania line," were enlisted. Capt. Patterson, now a justice of the peace, returned full of zeal. He changed the name of Wilkes-Barre to Londonderry. For protesting against the lewdness and licentiousness of the soldiery, he arrested Col. Zebulon Butler, then just returned from service in the Revolutionary army. Him he sent to Sunbury, charged with high treason. In Plymouth he arrested many respecta ble citizens ; feeble old men whose sons had fallen in the massacre — Prince Alden, Capt. Bidlack, Benjamin Harvey, Samuel Ransom, Capt. Bates and others — greatly beloved by their neighbors. They were kept in loathsome prisons, starved and insulted. They were dispos sessed, and Patterson's tenants put into their places. The unhappy husbandman saw his cattle driven away, his barns on fire, and his wife and daughters a prey to licentious soldiery. The people, outraged, petitioned the Assembly. " It sent a commit tee to take testimony. Daniel Clymer, of Berks, one of the committee, rose in his place, and said, "there was evidence enough to show that Alexander Patterson ought to be removed." Gen. Brown, another member of the committee, said he " was certain no member of the House could imagine him in the interests of the people of Wyoming, beyond the bounds of truth and the desire to do justice. He had visited Wyoming as one of the committee on the subject, and had heard all the evidence on both sides. The wrongs and sufferings of the people of Wyoming he was constrained to declare were intolerable. If there ever was on earth a people deserving redress, it was those people." But Patterson was sustained by the Assembly. At the opening of 1784, matters reached a crisis. I quote Chapman, writing in 1818, a trustworthy chronicler : " The inhabitants finding, at length, that the burden of their calamities was too great to be borne, began to resist the illegal proceedings of their new masters, and refused to comply with the decisions of the mock tribunals which had been established. Their resistance enraged the magistrates, and on the 12th of May, the soldiers of the garrison were sent to disarm them, and, under this pretense, one hundred and fifty families were turned out of their dwellings, many of which were burned, and all ages and sexes reduced to tSe same destitute condition. After being plundered of their little remaining property, they were driven from the valley, and compelled to proceed on foot through the wilderness by way of the Lackawaxen to the Delaware, a distance of eighty miles. During the journey the unhappy fugitives suffered all the miseries which human nature seemed capable of enduring. Old men, whose children were slain in battle, widows with their infant children, and children without parents to protect them, were here companions in exile and sorrow, and wandering in a wilderness where famine and ravenous beasts con tinued daily to lessen the number of sufferers." 130 HISTORY of Bradford couNTY. In March, of that year, a flood in the Susquehanna had swept the lowlands, carrying houses and fences all away. Patterson seized the opportunity, with land lines thus obliterated, to dispossess the occu piers, restore the lines of Pennsylvania surveys, and thus bring about the cruel and pitiful exodus just referred to. He shall tell his own story : " The settlements upon the river have suffered much by an inundation of ice, which has swept away the greatest part of the grain and stock of all kinds, "so that the vnhabit- ants are generally very poor. Upon my arrival at this place (Wyom ing), the 15th instant (April, 1784), I found the people for the most part disposed to give up their pretentions to the land claimed under Connecticut. Having a pretty general agency from the landholders of Pennsylvania, I have availed myself of this period, and have possessed, in behalf of my constituents, the chief part of all the lands occupied by the above claimants, numbers of them going up the river to settle, and filling up their vacancy with well-disposed Pennsylvanians, * * yet I am not out of apprehension of trouble and" danger arising from the ringleaders of the old offenders," etc. (By "ringleaders" he means such men "as Butler, Ross, Dennison, Dorrance, Shoemaker, Jen kins, Franklin, Slocum, Harvej^, etc). By the 1st of June, he had made pretty clean work of it, and this without trial or verdict or other process of law. Wherever news of this outrage reached, indignation was aroused, and nowhere more generally than in Pennsylvania. The troops were ordered to be dismissed. Sheriff Antis, of Northumberland county, which then included Wyoming, went to restore order. Messengers were dispatched to recall the fugitives. But they found Justice Patterson still flaming with wrath, and went into garrison near Forty Fort. Two young men, Elisha Garrett and Chester Pierce, having been slain by Patterson's men, while proceeding to gather the crops, the settlers rallied for serious hostilites. John Franklin organized what effective men he could find. He swept down the west side of the Susquehanna and up the east side, dispossessing every Pennsylvania family he found. He attacked the fort to which they fled, was repulsed with loss of several lives on each side, and returned to the Kingston fort. Civil war now openly prevailed. ( Forty of the Penn sylvania party were indicted at Sunbury, and subsequently convicted for their participation in expelling the inhabitants). Other magistrates, Hewitt, Mead and Martin, had been sent to open negotiations. They demanded a surrender of arms from both sides. In their report to the president and members of the Supreme Council, under date of August 6, 1784, they say : " In obedience to instructions of council of the 24th of July, we repaired to this place (Wyoming), and found the Pennsylvania and Connecticut parties in actual hostilities, and yester day made a demand of the Connecticut party of a surrender of their arms, and submission to the laws of the State, which they complied with. We also made a demand of the same nature of the party in the garri son, but have received no direct, but an evasive, answer. * * As to the pretended titles of the Connecticut party we have nothing to fear, and are convinced that had it not been through the cruel and irregular ¦ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 131 conduct of our people, the peace might have been established long svnce, and the dignity of the Government supported." Again, under date of August 7: "We have dispersed the Con necticut people, but our own people we cannot." The " party in the garrison " consisted of Patterson and such troops as had enlisted under him in the interests of the Landholders, without any warrant of law. When Patterson refused to surrender, the Connecticut people were permitted to resume their arms. At this stage, Cols. Armstrong and Boyd appeared with a force of four hundred militia from Northampton county. By a piece of the most absolute treachery, he procured the surrender of the Yankees, and marched them, sixty-six in all, bound with cords, and under circum stances of great cruelty, to jail at Easton and Sunbury. The con quest was complete. " The only difficulty that remained was how to get rid of the wives and children of those in jail, and of the widows and orphans whose husbands and fathers slept beneath the sod." Col. Armstrong was now confronted, to his surprise, by the censure of the State authorities. The " council of censors " looked into the case, and took action. Frederick A. Muhlenberg was presi dent. This body had just been chosen under the Constitution of 1776, and it was their duty " to inquire whether the Constitution has been preserved inviolate in every part, and whether the legislative and executive branches of the Government have performed their duty as guardians of the people, or assumed to themselves, or exercised, other or greater powers ttian they are entitled to by the Constitution." In September, 1784, they delivered a, decision which was a solemn denunciation of the measures pursued against the Wyoming settlers. The Executive Council paid no heed to the censure nor to the advice of President Dickinson. A fresh levy of troops was ordered. The militia of Bucks, Berks and Northampton, refused to march. Arm strong hastened to Wyoming with less than a hundred men, in Octo ber. He promptly attacked the settlers in their fort, at Kingston, without success. William Jackson, a Yankee, had been wounded. Capt. John Franklin seized Jackson's rifle, bloody from his wound, and swore a solemn oath "that he would never lay down his arms until death should arrest his hand, or Patterson and Armstrong be expelled from Wyoming, and the people be restored to their rights of possession, and a legal trial guaranteed to every citizen by the Consti-* tution, by justice and by law." Gen. Armstrong went on to dispossess the families who had returned to their several farms. All these proceedings led up to the passage of the Act of Assembly of September 15, 1784, entitled "An Act for the more speedy restoring the possession of certain messuages, lands, and tenements in Northumberland county, to the persons who lately held the same," under which the settlers were once more let into some assurance. ~ Armstrong and Patterson were recalled. "Thus ended the last expedition fitted out by the government of Pennsylvania to operate against her own peaceful citizens," and " the second Pennamite war." The few real Pennsylvania improvers bad a sufficiently unhappy 132 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. life of it. They were subjected to great hardships, and, if you please, outrages, not forgetting the unfortunate encounter in Plymouth, in July — the lamentable affair at Locust Hill, with Maj. Moore's com mand, in August — the indignity offered to Col. Boyd, a Pennsylvania commissioner, in September — nor the attack on 26th September on the commissioners (disclaimed by Franklin and his party) — nor the final attack on " the garrison," in which Henderson and Reed were shot. By the 1st October, 1784, the condition of affairs was deplorable, but "the thing was settled," and the agony over. " Two years have now elapsed since the transfer of jurisdiction by the Trenton decree. Peace, which waved its cheering olive over every other part of the Union, healing the wounds inflicted by ruthless war, soothing the sorrows of innumerable children of affliction and kindling the lamp of hope in the dark chamber of despair, came not to the broken-hearted people of Wyoming. The veteran soldier returned, but found no resting place. Instead of a joyous welcome to his hearth and home, he found his cottage in ruins or in possession of a stranger, and his wife and little ones shelterless in the open fields or in the caves of the mountains ; like the sea-tossed mariner approaching the wished- for harbor, driven by adverse winds far, far from shore, to buffet again the billows and the storm. It is true, and honorable to those who. effected it, that the New England people were repossessed of their farms, but a summer of exile and war had left them no harvest to reap and they returned to their empty granaries and desolate homes1 crushed by the miseries of the Indian invasion ; mourners over fields of more recent slaughter, destitute of food, with scarce clothing to cover them through the rigors of a northern winter, while clouds and dark ness shrouded all the future. Assuredly, the people of Wyoming were objects of deepest commiseration, and the heart must be harder and colder than marble that could look upon these sufferings and not drop a tear of tenderest pity." — [Miner.'] We have had occasion to notice the failure of the claimants under. the Susquehanna Company to get a new tribunal appointed by Con gress to try their case under the Articles of Confederation. Col. Franklin had been active and untiring in his efforts to that end. Upon their failure he went to Connecticut to see his old friends and to stir them to some new and dangerous enterprise. He pointed out the richness and beauty of the valley of Wyoming ; the wrongs of her people; the failure of Pennsylvania, with all her machinery, to oust a handful of settlers. " A chord was struck that vibrated through all New England. Franklin, in the spirit of his oath, infused his own soul, glowing with resentment and ambition, into the people with whom he conversed ; and had not his schemes been counteracted by a timely and prudent change of policy on the part of her authorities, Pennsylvania had lost her fair northern possessions, or, by a new civil war, extinguished the Connecticut claim in blood." Mischief was in the wind. Justice David Meade was about the last Pennsylvania claimant left in possession, although he was one of the earliest Connecticut settlers. He was one of Patterson's justices, looked upon as a traitor from the Yankee ranks, and a spy on the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 133 people. Rising one morning, he found a dozen men mowing his meadows. Said one : " Squire Meade, it is you or us. Pennamites andYankees can't live together in Wyoming. Our lines don't agree. We give you fair notice to quit, and that shortly." It illustrated the situation. He was the last Pennsylvania claimant on the Wyoming lands. The Susquehanna Company was re-convened at Hartford, on July 13, 1785. Its proceedings were significant, and embraced a substan tial declaration of war. Pennsylvania had been a vigilant observer of events. On December 24, 1785, she passed " An Act for quieting disturbances at Wyoming, for pardoning certain offenders, and for other purposes therein mentioned." A general pardon and indemnity was offered foroffences committed in the counties of Northumberland and Northampton, in consequence of the controversies between the Connecticut claimants and other citizens of the State, before the 1st of November, 1785, provided the persons having so offended surrendered themselves before 15th April, 1786, and entered into bonds to keep the peace. It also repealed the act confirming the division of the townships of Shawanese, Stokes, and Wyoming into two districts for the election of justices of the peace, and annulled the commissions granted. No great number of these settlers were in any humor thus to sue for pardon, and the law fell — a dead letter. The Susquehanna Company met again in May, 1786. This time it rather chivalrously resolved to " effectually justify and support the settlers." In fact, the latter, while nominally under the laws of Penn sylvania, governed, themselves. Sheriff Antis, of Northumberland county, had wisely " pocketed " most of the writs he held against them, unexecuted. On the 25th of September, 1786, the county of Luzerne was erected. It embraced the lands settled by the New England emigrants. It gave them representation in the Council and the Assembly, and proved to be a wise measure. But, step by step, as Pennsylvania moved to close up the trouble, the Susquehanna Company went for ward with its scheme of revolution. On the 26th December, 1786, at its meeting in Hartford, it appointed the following ominous list of " Commissioners : " Maj. Judd, Samuel Gray, Joel Barlow, Oliver Wolcott, Jr., Al. Wolcott, Jr., Gad Stanley, Joseph Hamilton, Timothy Hosmore, Zebulon Butler, Nathan Dennison, Obadiah Gore, John Franklin, Zerah Beach, Simon Spalding, John Jenkins, Paul Schott, Abel Pierce, John Bartle, Peter Loop, Jr., John Bay, and Ebenezer Gray. These were well known names, and it was quite certain that what they responsibly undertook, would be done. They or any five of said commissioners " shall be a court with power, etc., * * this power to determine whenever afonm of internal government shall be established in that country." Gen. Ethan Allen was in the scheme, and actually appeared at Wyoming, in regimentals and cocked-hat, with the Green Mountain boys, fresh from their victory over New York, in reserve, and in his honor was laid off Allensburg township, along the upper Wyalusing 134 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. creek. This was a large grant to Ethan Allen. The purpose was to erect the Connecticut claim in Pennsylvania into a new State, and the action was as public and as bold as that of the Declaration of Indepen dence, by brave and desperate men who stood at bay. They issued " half-share" rights in great numbers, and new faces — strangers to the " old settlers " — began swarming into the valley. The old-time residents had no sympathy with all this. They knew it pro longed the unhappy situation, and deprecated its effects. As a witness in Vanhorne vs. Dorrance expressed it : " The half-share men and the old settlers were a distinct people, and as much opposed to each other as to Pennsylvanians." On the 27th of December, 1786, an act was passed providing for the election of representatives, justices of the peace, etc., in Luzerne county. Timothy Pickering, Zebulon Butler and John Franklin were appointed in the act to notify the electors, take oaths of allegiance, etc. Franklin, as we have seen, had other views, and refused to act. .Pickering had come as the special representative of the government of Pennsylvania. He was politic, and held to his definite purpose, wisely. Col. Butler wished repose for his neigh bors and himself. Col. Pickering, as the result of a previous visit ({unofficial) to this region, had reported to the State authorities " that the inhabitants expressed a willingness to submit to the govern ment of Pennsylvania, provided they could have their lands confirmed to them." He then consulted eminent legal authority as to the right of the State to cede the lands to the Connecticut people, and, thereupon, "he undertook the laborious, the difficult, and, in the minds of many, the .hopeless task of conciliating the minds of the Wyoming people. With his utmost efforts, during a whole month's diligent application, he barely succeeded, and solely by the expectations he persuaded them to entertain that they would be confirmed in their possessions." With these assurances, the great majority' of the people were for submission. Three classes were opposed. A few, thoroughly imbued with the absolute rights of their case — filled with the glowing tradi tions of their struggles — wanted their possessions confirmed first, and submission afterward. Pennsylvania claimants, of course,, resisted : such of the Susquehanna Company's grantees as were outside the lines of "the seventeen township," and the new influx of "half-share men." Says Miner: "And now, for the first time, was presented the spec tacle, equally gratifying to foes and painful to friends, of open and decided hostility among the Wyoming people. Whatever difference of opinion may exist in respect to the justice of their claims, no liberal mind could have traced their arduous course through toil and priva tion, through suffering and oppression, through civil and foreign war, and observed the fortitude, fellowship and harmony among them selves that had prevailed, without a feeling of admiration for rare and generous virtues so signally displayed. In an equal degree was the mortification at the spectacle now presented. It was no longer 'Pen- nymite and Yankee, ' but the ' old settlers ' against ' the wild Yankees ' or ' half-snare men.' " ^C^^L^cJLX^ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 137 The election went forward. John Franklin was chosen the mem ber of Assembly; Nathan Dennison, member of the supreme executive council, and Lord Butler, high sheriff. Thus the county of Luzerne was fully organized. Forthwith, a long petition was sent to the Legislature then in ses sion, setting forth that "seventeen townships, five miles square, had been located by the Connecticut settlers before the decree of Trenton," etc., and praying that " they might be confirmed in them." On the 27th of March, 1787, " an act for ascertaining and confirm ing to certain persons, called Connecticut claimants, the lands by them claimed within the county of Luzerne, and for other purposes therein mentioned," was passed. The preamble is in the words : "Whereas, before the determin ation of the claim of Connecticut, a number of its inhabitants, with their associates, settled upon and improved divers tracts of land, lying on and near the northeast branch of the river Susquehanna, and the waters thereof, and now within the county of Luzerne; and whereas parts of the same lands have been claimed under titles derived from the late Proprietaries of Pennsylvania, and those interfering claims have occasioned much contention, expense, and, bloodshed, and this Assembly being desirous of putting an end to those evils by confirming such of the Connecticut claims as were acquired by actual settlers prior to the determination of said dispute, agreeably to a petition of a num ber of the said settlers, and by granting a just compensation to the Pennsylvania claimants," etc. It enacted : That all the said rights or lots now lying within the county of Luzerne which were occupied or acquired by Connecticut claimants who were actually settlers there, at or before the determination of the claims of the State of Connecticut by the decree aforesaid, ("the decree of Trenton,") aad which rights or lots were particularly assigned to the said settlers prior to the said decree, agreeably to the regulations then in force among them, be and they are hereby confirmed to them and their heirs and assigns. A great town meeting of the settlers was at once called to accept or reject this act. John Franklin prepared for a final rally against it. He literally preached against it from settlement to settlement, and from house to house. The assembly was held at Forty Fort — the first place the organized Connecticut settlers touched on their arrival, and, as it proved, the place where the last word was said. As might be supposed, the meeting was an excited one, and friend fell into wretched antagonism to friend. The act was accepted. Col. Jenkins asked, " what security have we, that if we comply, and put ourselves in your power, the State wouldn't repeal the law, and deal as treacherously as in the case of Armstrong 1 " His question proved to be a bitter prophecy. It was at this juncture that Gen. Ethan Allen appeared on the scene. Pickering well knew his object. Pickering and Franklin, each permitted no movement of the other to escape notice. The time for decisive action had come. Regarded as the head of the conspiracy, John Franklin was, on the 2d of October, 1787, arrested for high treason, under a warrant issued by Chief Justice McKean. As Col. Pickering had personally assisted in the arrest of Col. Franklin, he deemed it prudent to flee to Philadelphia. While there, 138 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the people chose him as a delegate of Luzerne county to the Convention called to ratify the Constitution of the United States: This was a cordial testimony to their belief in ultimate justice at the hands of the State. Having discharged that duty, he returned to Luzerne county, of which he was prothonotary, clerk of the peace, clerk of the orphans' court, register of wills, and recorder of deeds. Franklin was cruelty treated, being ironed down in a cold, miser able dungeon, with insufficient food, no clothing except the light suit he had on when arrested, prohibited all communication with friends and all use of pen, ink and paper. Here he was kept nearly two years. His friends were desperately willing to do anything in their power to secure his release. June 26, 17SS, they kidnapped Pickering, and proposed holding him as a hostage, or secure his influence for the release of Franklin. The kidnappers were pursued by Pickering's adherents, and were fired upon and serious wounds inflicted, when the pursuit was given over. This was the last time that blood was shed in the long and cruel contention. Pickering: resolutelv refused to yield to the demands of his captors, and was, after three weeks, released. The arrest of Franklin, and the acceptance by the people of the "Confirming Law," no doubt arrested the movement for the new State, which had already gone to the extent of completing its frame of gov ernment, and Oliver Wolcott had drafted its Constitution and arranged that Maj. William Judd, of Farmington, Conn., should be governor, and Col. Franklin, lieutenant governor. The following brief sketch of the greatest leader of his time in the settlement of northern Pennsylvania, was written by Edward Herrick. Esq., of Athens, in this county : Col John Franklin was born at Canaan . Litchfield Co. , Conn. , September 26. 1749 ; removed to Wyoming in the spring of 1774 ; was many years an acting magistrate under Connecticut; captain of an independent company during the Revolutionary war. and, while attached to Sullivan's expedition against the Indians, was wounded in the attack on Chemung ; member of the Assembly of Connecticut in 1781; in October, 1787, he was arrested on a charge of treason against the Slate of Pennsylvania, for "endeavoring to subvert the government, and to erect a new and independent State in the room and stead thereof ; " was confined in Philadelphia nearly two years, a great part of the time heavily ironed, released on bail, and never brought to trial ; in 1792, he was elected high sheriff of Luzerne county, while an indictment for treason was, still hanging over him, was commissioned and served : in 1795, 1796, 1799, 1800, 1801 1803, he was a member of Assembly from Luzerne county ; by the act of April 2, 1804, a small portion of Luzerne county, including his farm, was set off to LycomiDg county ; this act was avowedly for the purpose of keeping him out of the Legislature, but in 1805 he again appeared in that body as a member from Lycoming ; in 1789 he removed to his farm in Athens (then Luzerne, now Bradford county), which was laid out to him under Connecticut title, and there resided until his death, March 1, 1831. He never accepted nor recognized a Pennsylvania title, but after his death, his heirs were required to purchase that title to his farm. In the settlement of northern Pennsylvania he was the recognized leader, making annual pilgrimages to New England, and bringing back hosts of industrious settlers, whose descendants, to this day, preserve the virtuous character of their Puritan ances try ; the people whom he brought thither, he never forsook. Their battles he fought in the courts, the Assembly, in newspapers and pamphlets, and, if necessary, with his strong right arm, with a zeal, persistency and fidelity which deserved for the cause he thought to be right, a better fate. The " Confirming Act " failed of execution. The reasons therefor HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 139 are best given in Col. Pickering's own words : " The conditions ex pressed in the contract (he refers to the act), were complied with on the part of the Connecticut claimants, as far as it was practicable, and they were not bound to perform impossibilities : that eight months from the time of passing the act were allowed them to get informa tion of it, and to present their claims : that the commissioners appointed to receive and examine those claims were required to meet, for that purpose, in Luzerne county, in two months next after the passing of the act : that owing to successive resignations of General Muhlenberg, General Heister and Joseph Montgomery, Esquire, those examinations did not commence till some time in August: that the seizure of John Franklin, on the 2d of October, for his treasonable practices and designs, occasioned a sudden insurrection of his adherents, of whom a very small number had any pretentions to land under the confirming law : that a few days before this arrest, Col. Balliot, one of the commissioners, had gone home to his family : that the subscriber, another of the commissioners, having personally, in sight of the peo ple, and with arms in his hands, assisted in securing Franklin and pre venting any attempt to rescue him, and thus rendered himself obnox ious to the resentment and sudden vengeance of his partisans, was advised to retire to some secure place until their heat should subside : * * that Col. William Montgomery, the other commissioner, seeing the storm gathering, immediately after Franklin was taken, had left the country to go home : * * that, the commissioners having thus separated, never again assembled, the time limited for the presenta tion of the Connecticut claims expiring so soon after as the 28th of November following ; * * that, since this event (referring to his own abduction), the county has remained in perfect quiet, the laws having as free and complete operation as in any other county." Then, arguing against the repeal of the act (his paper is written 27th Febru ary, 1790): "That the people rely on the magnanimity and good faith of the State, for the execution of the grants made to them by the con firming law : that in this expectation their industry is manifestly increased, they have begun to build more comfortable houses, to erect barns, and to extend the improvements on their lands : that a repeal of the law would check this rising industry, stop further improve ments, revive ancient jealousies and animosities, and, perhaps, destroy the peace of the country. But, to say nothing of the attempt, as a breach of public faith, it may be • worth while to inquire, ' whether such repeal be in its nature possible?' " He goes on to treat the act as a " contract," or --treaty of peace." The Landholders, however, were not without power in the Assem bly. Using the conduct of the people as a cause or pretext, the act was suspended on the 29th of March, 1788. Act Repealed. — The seal to this final act was prepared by the sus pension act, through no fault, be it remembered, on the part of the Connecticut claimants. The cross purposes that had arisen among the people themselves and the clamor of the landholders, brought the pressure that resulted in its repeal, April 1, 1790. This act of crown ing bad faith was strongly resisted by many leading men of Pennsyl- 140 HISTORT OF BRADFORD COUNTY, vania, and among others some of the most noted lawyers of Philadel phia. Col. Jenkins' anxious, prophetic question had, indeed, at last been answered. Still the people went on quietly and hopefully. Although the law was repealed, by it Pennsylvania had distinctly recognized their rights in the case, and they settled in the conviction that some how, at some time, their titles would be secured, and justice be done. The Susquehanna Company proceeded actively with their operations. What is now Bradford county was at once laid out in townships — not continuous with any municipal subdivision of the State. By the year 1795, it is said that what is now the entire territory of thecounty was covered with the "claims" of these grantees, and at the same time by "warrants" from Pennsylvania on top of them. The Intrusion Law. — April 17, 1795, a statute was passed enact ing penalties and punishment against any person taking possession, or intruding upon lands within the limits of Northampton, Northumber land or Luzerne counties, except by right obtained from the Common wealth. Section 6 excepts any claims of persons claiming under " the con firming act" of 28th March, 1787, etc. The exception took " the seven teen townships" out of the effect of the act. Under this act John Franklin and John Jenkins, et al., were indicts ed at August sessions, 1801, in Luzerne county, and a special verdict found against them. It was removed by certiorari into the Supreme Court. There the act was held constitutional, but the defendants were discharged on other grounds. Commonwealth vs. Franklin et al., Jj. Dallas, 255, 316. (The arguments of. counsel as reported here are worthy of attention). It was held under this act "that the contract in this case (for the sale of lands) is illegal, being founded on a breach of the law, and, of consequence, a void contract." Mitchell vs. Smith, 1 Binney, 110. This act is known as the " Intrusion Law," and has been subjected to much harsh criticism. At length on the 21st April, 1795, the case of Vanhorne's lessee vs. Dorrance, 2 Dallas, S04-, came on to be tried in the Circuit Court of Pennsylvania District. It was ejectment for a little tract of about twelve acres. Selected as a test, the plaintiff naturally brought it on the best title which could be produced. Jared Ingersoll, Jona. D. Sergeant and William Tilghman appeared for the plaintiffs. William Rawle, William Lewis and Joseph Thomas appeared for the defendants. There was the fullest latitude in the testimony. All the charters and deeds, hereinbefore referred to, were put in evidence. The sur veys and possessions of the tract in controversy were given. Col. Dennison, for the defendent, detailed his entry upon the lot in 1770, and the incidents of the first Pennamite war. William Gallop gave in evidence an account of " the massacre." Col. Pickering narrated the events of the second Pennamite war, and of the reception of the Con firming Act. Robert Morris stated how, while a member of the Assembly in 1786 — 87, he, at first, was in favor of calling out the militia to expel the Yankees, but became an advocate for the act. The resolves of Connecticut — the records of the Susquehanna Com- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNT V. 141 pany— Smollett's History — acts of Congress — the conduct of Patter son's and Armstrong's troops — Col. John Henry Lydius' deposition as to the execution of the famous Indian deed of 11th July, 1754 (Mr. Tilghman hands this deed to court and jury, to show its suspicious face), were all put in evidence. It was such a case as had never been tried in Europe or America. It sufficiently appeared that the defendant had the earliest and a continued possession. The plaintiff claimed under a " warrant of sur vey," executed 15th March, 1771. Judge Patterson gave the jury binding instructions, and made short work of the Connecticut title. I. " The title under Connecticut is of no avail, because the land in controversy is ex-territorial ; it does not lie within the charter bounds of Connecticut, but within the charter bounds of Pennsylvania. The charter of Connecticut does not cover or spread over the lands in question. Of course, no title can be derived from Connecticut." The declaration that the land " does not lie within the charter bounds of Connecti cut " is here, for the first time in the history of the controversy, judicially made. This was not decided by the court at Trenton — their decree was only that, at tlie date of it, the "jurisdiction" and "pre-emption" was in Pennsylvania as against Connecticut. This conclusion may have grown out of acts of " dereliction " or " estopel," since the date of charter, as well as out of a question of original " charter bounds." Nor did it follow that ' ' of course, no title could be derived from Connecticut." The judge does not advert to the facts from which the court at Trenton made the distinction between "jurisdiction" and " private right of soil " — that the defendant's title had been created under another sovereign actually exercising jurisdiction — that the jurisdiction had been recognized by the United States in various ways, notably by accepting the troops from Wyoming, the Twenty-fourth Connecticut Eegiment, as part of the Continental line —by accepting, absolutely, the cession of western territory from Connecticut under the same title the defendant held — that ( by sufferance or otherwise) Pennsylvania had permitted the de facto government of Connecticut to be maintained at the situs of the Sand in dispute — and that in the origin and progress of the whole business there were such circumstances as might give the defendant title, independent of the will of Penn sylvania, previous to the 30th December, 1782. 2. The "Indian deed" was summarily dismissed as one "under which the Connecticut settlers derive no title." 3. As to the title under the Confirming Act of 1787. An act calling upon an individual to surrender or sacrifice his whole property for the good of community, without receiving a recompense in value, would be "a monster in legislation, and shock all mankind. The Legislature, therefore, had no authority to make an act divesting. one citizen of his freehold, and vesting it in another, without a just compensation." * * " The next step in the line of progression is whether the Legislature had authority to make an act divesting one citizen of his freehold and vesting it in another, even with compensation. "The existence of such power is necessary; * * and if this be the case, it can not be lodged anywhere with so much safety as with the Legislature." Such a case of necessity, and judging too of the compensation, can never occur in any nation; * * even upon full indemnification, unless that indemnification be ascer tained in the manner which 1 shall mention. * * Here the legislation must stop; * * they can not constitutionally determine upon the amount of comptnsaticn, or the value of the land." That can only be done — "by the parties"— "by commissioners mutually chosen by the parties"— or, " by the intervention of a jury." By the act, the Pennsylvania claimants are to present their claims to the "Board of Property," who are — 1. To judge of the validity of their claims. 2. To ascertain, by the aid of commissioners, appointed by the Legislature, the quality and value of the land. 143 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 3. To judge of the quantity of vacant land to be granted as an equivalent. "This is not the constitutional line of procedure. * * By the act^ the equivalent is to be land. No just compensation can be made, except in money. " It is contended that the Legislature must judge of the necessity of interposing their despotic authority. Be it so. Did there exist also a State necessity that the Legis lature, or person solely appointed by them, must admeasure the compensation, or value of the lands seized and taken, and the validity of the title thereto 1 Did a third State necessity exist, that the proprietor must take land by way of equivalent for his land ? And did a fourth State necessity exist that Ihe value of this land-equivalent must be adjusted by the Board of Property, without the consent of the party, or the interference of a jury ? Alas ! how necessity begets necessity. * * ' Omnipotence in legislation is despotism.' In short, gentlemen, the Confirming Act is void; it never had constitu tional existence; it is a dead letter, and of no more virtue or avail than if it had never been made." In its application to the exact facts of the case of Vanhorne vs. Dorrance, this expo sition is undoubtedly correct. The act applied to this state of facts was unconstitutional for the reason stated. But at the time the confirming law was passed, the State was proprietor of a large portion of the lands which the settlers held. The State had the ¦ power and right to give away her vacant lands (vacant as to her titles), and it is the bet ter opinion that this law was binding on the Legislature in favor of an " actual settler, before the decree of Trenton," for whose land, at the date of the act, there had been issued no Pennsylvania title. In that respect, the confirming law was not " of no more avail than if it had never been made." Mr. Rawle, in his dissentient, goes further, and says : ' ' But in no instance can the power of repealing laws affect their obligations while in force, and, consequently, if the effect ofthe law while in force is permanent and per. petual upon tlie subjects to which it relates, a repeal, although it may destroy the law, can not diminish the effect it has already produced." Judge Patterson proceeds to the mode of executing the law : " The estate of the Pennsylvania claimants was not divested on the passing of the act ; it was not divested on presenting the claim on the part of the Connecticut settlers. " The intention of the Legislature was to vest in Connecticut claim ants, of a particular description, a perfect estate to certain lands in the county of Luzerne; but then it was upon condition," which, of course, must be complied with. " If the Legislature had authority to make the confirming act, they had also the authority to suspend it. * * Of course, there is an end of the business. The parties are placed on their original ground — they are restored to their pristine situation." This would not be accurate as to the class of Connecticut settlers just referred to. As to them, the grant by the act was a good one — for a sufficient consideration recited in the act — they had a right of title, which a subsequent Legislature could not defeat. " The inten tion" the judge refers to had been executed, irrepealably, as to them. Judge Patterson did not regard the repealing act of April 1, 1790, bad, either as "an ex post facto law," or as "a law impairing the obli gation of a contract." Yet he says, himself: " If the property to the lands in question had been vested in the State of Pennsylvania, then the Legislature would have had the liberty and right of disposing of or granting them to whom they pleased, at any time, and in any manner. There were large quantities of such lands held by Connecticut set tlers. Surely, as to such, the repealing law was " ex post facto," and " impaired the obligation of a contract," and as such, was contrary to the Constitution of the United States. Judge Patterson closes pungently : 1. The confirming act is unconstitutional and void. It was invalid from the begin- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 143 ning, had no life or operation, and is in precisely the same state as if it had not been made. If so, tjae plaintiff's title remains in full force. 2. If the confirming act is constitutional, the conditions of it have not been per formed, and, therefore, the estate continues in the plaintiff. 3. The confirming act has been suspended; and 4. Repealed. All of which was perfectly true in its application to the facts of the case, and the verdict was properly for the plaintiffs. The case was appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, and stricken from the dockets without trial. It was said Yanhorne fled the country, and process could not be served on him, and that Dorrance's attorney, Thomas, disappeared mysteriously with the papers in the case. Hence, but little or no results came of the case. It opened the courts whose records were soon burdened with cases where the Pennsylvania claimants hoped to gain possession of the disputed lands and rid the State of the burden of compensation; and while many actions were brought in eight years, there was the barren results of this one being partly tried. Compromise Act of 1799. — This was the beginning of the end. The law was passed April 4, 1799, " offering compensation to the Pennsylvania claimants of certain lands within the seventeen townships in the county of Luzerne." The law fixes the status of the conflicting claimants, and appoints Isaac Wheelan, of Chester county; Thomas Boude, of Lancaster county, and Gen. William Irvine, of Cumberland county, commissioners to examine all questions concerning claims to land in the seventeen townships, and divide the clainis into four classes to be known as, first, second, third and fourth class, and for paying damages according to the respective classes. The a,ct is long and directory, and was intended as one of mediation on the part of the State between the conflicting claimants. The Pennsylvania claimants, refusing or neglecting toexecute releases, were to be paid in land or money. The Connecticut claimants, with the memory of the repeal of the " Confirming Act " fresh in their minds, were little disposed to act or take the benefit of this law. April 6, 1802, an act was passed requiring the commissioners to survey, value and certify the whole of each tract claimed by Connecti cut people, and turned the Pennsylvania claimant, who had not released, over to the mercy of a jury to award his compensation. In 1805, the Westmoreland county records were authorized to be deposited with the recorder of deeds in Luzerne county, and certified copies made evidence. April 9, 1807, Pennsylvania claimants, under title previous to the " Confirming Act," were permitted to release, and the commissioner in examining Connecticut claims " shall not require the same lands to have been occupied prior to the decree of Trenton, but the same lands to the several applicants certify, if under the rules and regulations of the Susquehanna Company, at any time they should otherwise thereto be entitled." This commission was abolished March 28, 1808. These laws were executed with intelligence and fidelity. By October 20, 1802, about one thousand Connecticut claimants had exhibited their titles. All the lines in the seventeen townships had been again 144 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. surveyed, and certificates issued to the holders. These certificates were conclusive between Connecticut claimants, but did not conclude a Pennsylvania claimant. Of the compromise act of 1799, in the ease of Barney vs. Sutton, 2 Watts, 36 Scott, President Judge of the Luzerne Common Pleas Court, sums up the whole thus : " At last the Legislature adopted the ex pedient of acting as mediators between the Connecticut and the Penn sylvania claimants, for the purpose of putting a final end to the contro versy. The act was strictly the act of mediation. It proposed terms of settlement and compromise to the parties, and the controversy was finally happily settled. The judge then gives the following as per tinent history of the long-drawn-out contention : At the commencement of the Revolution, settlements had been eff( cted in most, if not all, of the seventeen townships, and, in many of them, extensive improvements had been made. The settlers were a hardy, intelligent, brave, and patriotic people. Dur ing the revolutionary struggle, neither the sufferings and privations which they en dured, nor the menace of the executive authority of Pennsylvania, could drive them from their settlements; nor could the offers of British gold tempt them to abandon their country, or the common cause of liberty and independence in which they were engaged. They had become so numerous that they furnished nearly one thousand men for the regular service. They did still more. They sustained, single-handed, for more than three years, a_ frontier war, during the most gloomy period of the Revoluiion, and successfully repelled an enemy, " whose known mode of warfare spared neither age, nor sex, nor condition." On the 3d of July, 1778, they wereattacked by a numer ous body of Indians, British, and Tories, and in one disastrous battle, nearly the whole settlement were reduced to widowhood and orphanage. The feeble remains which escaped soon mustered, and returned to the settlement, and, until the close of the war, presented a barrier' to the incursions of the savage foe. This is a mere skeleton of the early history of this settlement. It would require >a volume to fill it up. But enough has been noticed to satisfy any one, not blinded by interest or prejudice, of the equitable claims of these people. . They came into posses sion under color of title — such a title, too, as they hontstly believed to be good, and in which they were induced to confide, by a government claiming jurisdiction over the territory. Was this circumstance nothing as a ground of equity ? Were the improve ments and possession of the country nothing ? Were the sacrifices, and sufferings, and privations of the people, in defense of the country, and in the common cause, nothing ? Are such a people to be considered outlaws '!. To this last question, I adopt the answer of the late chief justice, in the case of Satterlee vs. Matthewson : " God forbid ! they are not to be so considered." Considerations like these have unifoimly been regarded as sufficient in Pennsylvania to ground an equity. The principle has been carried further. Our statute books, and the decisions of our courts, furnish numerous instances where like consideratiors have been deemed sufficient grounds of equity in favor of those who had taken possession of lands, without title or color of title, and in favor of those who had taken possession in violation of the positive enact ments of the Legislature; as in the case of lands not purchased of the Indians. " Half -Share Men."— An act of the Assembly, March 11, 1800, re pealed the general act for the limitation of actions to be brought under the act of March 26, 1785, within the seventeen townships, or in any case where title is claimed under the Susquehanna Company. April 6, 1802, an act was passed by the Legislature which the court in the case of Irish vs. Scovel, 6 Binn, 57, fully explains, when it says :- " the manifest object of this act appears to have been to continue the kindness which had been extended to the seventeen townships, but to cut up by the roots the title of Connecticut in all other parts." And it thoroughly accomplished its purpose, but was attended with some unfortunate circumstances, but of these it is necessary here to notice only such as were enacted within Bradford county. The " half- % M*& •dm MmmWt ¦MS -'• % -- ^ V^^XCerir Jte.O- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 147 share" men were often called the "Wild Yankees" — they realized that they were being ruthlessly outlawed, and Col. John Franklin, the Satterlees, Kingsburys and Spaldings were their friends, and in some respects their leaders. Acts of bloody violence were committed. Col. Arthur Erwin, an extensive land owner in the north part ofthe county, was shot dead while sitting in the door of Mr. McDuffie, of Athens ; the Rev. Thomas Smiley, at that time living eight or ten miles up the Towanda creek, while acting as an assistant agent under the " Intrusion Law," was tarred and feathered. Col. Abraham Horn had been appointed by the Pennsylvania landholders to put the " Intrusion Law " in force, and at once entered upon his duties. In June, 1801, he came into Bradford county, but, apprehending danger from the violent oppression of the people, he stopped at Asylum. Rev. Thomas Smiley had written to the agent that nearly all the forty settlers on Towanda creek would renounce their Connecticut titles, and purchase of the Pennsylvania claimants. A conference was held at Asylum. Mr. Smiley was commissioned a deputy agent, and furnished with the nec- cessary papers. July 7th, he obtained the signature of nearly forty to their relinquishments and submissions, and started for Asylum. A meeting was held, and the " Wild Yankees" determined that the busi ness must be stopped. About twenty men from Sugar Creek, Ulster and Sheshequin, armed and disguised, started in pursuit. Mr. Smiley, hearing the arrangements of the conspirators, went down to Joshua Wythe's, near Monroeton, where he remained until dark, and then stopped for the night at Jacob Granteer's. The parties followed him and broke into the room where he was sleeping, captured his papers, burned them, and led him down to the creek, tarred and feathered him, and the leader giving him a kick told him to "go." John Murphy, David Campbell, Jacob Irvine, Ebenezer Shaw, Stephen Ballard and Benjamin Griffin were presented to the grand jury for this, but no bill was found. Gov. Hoyt concludes with the following propositions : 1. In the form of Law, Connecticut, with a title regular on its face, failed justly. 2. Intheformof Equity the Connecticut settlers, without other title than the possessio pedis, prevailed rightly. This is the condensed story of the " Seventeen Townships, " the " Connecticut Claims " — the " First and Second Pennamite and Yan kee Wars," as well as the'story of the settlement of northern Pennsyl vania and the unequaled bravery, patience and endurance of our distin guished forefathers. A chapter of deep interest to every student of American history ; the central individual figure in it all was Col. John Franklin, t£e representative of Connecticut. To this day men,, in considering it, are liable to confuse the two and only questions in it all into one question, and thereby bias their own otherwise better judgments. These questions should have been kept distinct, namely right of jurisdiction and the right of soil, and in this light would, have been easily settled. The actual settlers cared nothing as to the jurisdiction over them, and it must be conceded that on both sides pur chasers bought good titles, that is, the individual acted in good faith, and the authorities on each side had good color of authority to dispose 148 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ofthe soil. In this view the judicial question for the courts should have been simply one of priority of claim, regardless of which faction either party belonged to or claimed under. When the Trenton decree was promulgated, it was the plain duty of Pennsylvania to have promptly accepted that as a settlement of all questions in her favor of jurisdiction, and at once recognized every title of the Connecticut claim ants, and this would have incorporated the Colony as good and, loyal citizens of the State, and have ended forever all dispute or bad blood. The State erred in making itself a partisan in the question of soil, a mere agent or attorney, intent upon land-grabbing in behalf of its clients, regardless of all questions of equity or even justice, audit pro ceeded in a long course of evictions that were not only unjust, but utterly cruel. As seen above, in the end the State had to become mediator; the very thing it should have done at first. It did this only when Connecticut ceased to trifle with the question, and set about in earnest a bold defense of its long-suffering people. After the thing had ran on a hundred years or more, and the people had suffered an unbroken stream of wrongs to which they had been led by the prom ises of Connecticut, then it roused up and boldly said to its colonists, if you can get justice in no other way than by forming yourselves into a new and separate State, we will back you even to the bloody issue. This action of Connecticut brought here Ethan Allen and his followers, flushed with his successes in Vermont, and it is estimated that by the time of the mediatory act of Pennsylvania, 1799, was passed, there were ten thousand people in the valley, ready to carve out with their sharp swords the new State, that these men, made desperate, could have de fended against the world. Many of the ablest and purest men of the State were now taking sides with the Connecticut claimants,and happily the authorities saw the gathering cloud and promptly, though now impossible of fairness and equity, took the only step it could take, and the end came. CHAPTER IX. GLEANINGS OF THE EARLY TIMES. What the First Newspaper Tells Us — The Bradford Gazette — Much Beal Early History Gleaned — Sparse in Editorials, but Rich in History — Every Item Interesting — Etc. THE Bradford Gazette was the first paper published in the county, by Thomas Simpson. Vol. 1, No. 5 of that paper, is the first whole paper that I found. Small parts of the other preceding num bers were in the bound volume, but so little remained that nothing could be gleaned from them. I examined the old volume through the kindness of Dallas J. Sweet, of Towanda." It is dated Towanda, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 149 Tuesday, September 7, 1813. A four-column folio, and rates $2 a year. In the " proposal " of publication, the proprietor, among other things, says : The necessity of a weekly publication in this county being sufficiently obvious, it is presumed there will be no impediment to the general patronage of this paper, when the public are fully assured that its object is not discussion and domestic animosity, but the acceleration of local business; diffusion of national intelligence, and all those extra matters which are generally comprehended within the limited view of a newspa per — the amusement and benefit of our subscribers. Situated as the United States are, it is impossible that any man who interests himself in the affairs of his country should be impartial between its two great political sects. He who pretends to be impartial is no more than a pretender. The Editor is a republican, and his paper will bear that charac ter in the editorial department, but its pages will be free at all times to well-written communications of whatever political nature. It may be well enough to exclaim that when the editor announces that he is " a republican," that he means he was what we now call a Jeffersonian Democrat. The two parties then were Republican and Federalist, then came Democrat and Whig, and now Democrat and Republican is the order of designation. These are the changes in name of the two leading parties of the country. A prominent notice in the Gazette is that " all letters to the editor must be post-paid to be attended to." The first page is made up of three columns of " foreign news," dated May 6. From May to September would be a long time to wait for news now-a-days. Advertisements on this page are two by the editor — " All Kinds of Printing," and " Blanks of Every Description." Andrew Irwin offers for sale a quantity of " Soal and Upper Leather," and also " Fresh Goods," by Spalding & Comp; and all indebted to Harry Spalding & Co., to pay up or be sued ; the last one is by William Means, " Oats Wanted." The second page is made of extracts, and among others is a long biography of Capt. James Lawrence. This wras, it seems, cut in two and marked " to be continued." The third page contains other long extracts, but in the way of original matter, under date of Tuesday,' August 31, gives the proceedings of a "Republican meeting held at the house of Mr. Means, in Towanda, August 18, 1813 ; Guy Wells, Esq., was appointed chairman, and A. C. Stuart, Esq., secretary. Resolved, that delegates from each township, of that part of Bradford county which formerly belonged to Luzerne, be appointed to meet the delegates from Luzerne and Susquehanna counties, at the house of Cyrus Avery, at Tunkhannock, on Monday, the 20th of September: Jesse Ross, of Rush ; Guy Wells, of Wyalusing ; George Scott, of Wysox ; Burr Ridgway, of Towanda ; Seeley Crofut, of Canton, and Chester Gridley, of Orwell, were appointed. Two from each township in the county were appointed as a " Committee of Yigilance and Corres pondence," as follows: Chester Gridley, Lemuel Streeter, for Orwell ; Jesse Ross, Jesse Hancock, for Rush ; Guy Wells, Jonathan Terry, for Wyalusing ; George Scott, Moses Coolbaugh, for Wysox ; Burr Ridgway, William Means, for Towanda; Seelejr Crofut, Noah Wilson, for Canton ; Samuel Satterlee, Ephraim Gerould, for Smith- field ; John McKean, Howard Spalding, for Burlington ; Henry Wells, John Saltmarsh, for Athens ; John Cummings, Samuel Edsell, for Wells; William Furman, David Haswell, for Columbia; James 150 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Harkness, Isaac Cooley, for Murraysfield ; and Samuel Gore and Abraham Menier, for Ulster. A vote was then taken, and Burr Ridgway nominated for county commissioner, and Jonathan Stevens, Henry Welles and Moses Coolbaugh, for auditors. In another column is a " Proclamation " of Abner C. Rockwell, sheriff, dated September 2, 18 L3, giving notice of the approaching election, and the places of voting, as the law required ; for two members from Lycoming county, and that part of Bradford formerly belonging to Lycoming, in the Legis lature ; one for county commissioner; three for auditor; two to represent Luzerne, Susquehanna, and that part of Bradford formerly belonging to Luzerne, in the Legislature, and one inspector of elections in each township. The places of voting were : At the house of Erastus Lomis, Athens, for Athens and Ulster; Smithfield, at the house of John Cummings ; Burlington, at the house of Mary Goddard ; Canton, at the house of Henry Mercur ; Towanda, at the house of William Means ; Wysox, at the house of William Keeler ; Orwell, at the house formerly occupied by Capt. Josiah Grant ; Wyalusing, at the house of Justus Gaylord. Then follows the professional card of Dr. James Grant. The fourth page opens with the spring and fall poets' corner, giving two short effusions, one on " To-morrow f and the other, " The- Sabbath ; '' some correspondence between the British General, Proctor, and Gen. Harrison, referring to the then recent battle of " Raisin," and it is stated " before Gen. Harrison knew of the massacre of the Americans.*' Then come the other advertise ments of this issue: "A Set of Blacksmith Tools," by William Keeler, Towanda ; •' Tincher Wanted," Samuel C. Hail, Cecil, Md. ; " Xotice," by Obadiah Gore and Simon Kinney, adms. of the estate of Isaac Cash, late of Ulster township; "Notice," by Charles F. Welles, prothonatory ; " To debtors and creditors." by Obadiah Gore and Simon Kinney, administrators ; '• Wanted at this office, an appren tice," by the editor; "Wanted — good butter," by William Means; "For sale a new and Fashionable Riding Chair," by Ebenezer R. Gregory; "Wanted," at the printing office, "twenty or thirty weight of tallow ; " •' Boot & Shoemaking, wanted a good man to open a shop in Towanda," by several leading citizens ; " Tailor," Jesse Woodruff. Then follows a long " Notice to Millers," by Oliver Evans, in which he notifies all using his mill patents to come forward and pay for the said use. This is a bird's eye view of the Bradford Gazette, as well as a similar sight of the county in business and politics. True, it is onlv one side ("Republican") of politics, and no doubt in looking at the next succeeding numbers there will be found accounts of the meetino-s and nominations of the other side — the Federalists. Men were quite as much interested in politics then as now. The next issue of the Gazette has on the first page three columns more of the biography of Capt. James Lawrence, and at the foot is this : " Concluded next week." Page 2 is filled with foreign news, of date, June 10; clippings from foreign papers. This issue gives the proceedings of a county convention of the "Federal Republicans." It was a delegate convention, and met at the house of Harry Spaldino-, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 151 in Towanda township, Wednesday, September 8, 1813, "to take into consideration and agree on the most suitable characters for Commis sioner and Auditors to be supported at the next General Election." Ralph Martain, chairman, and J. F. Satterlee, secretary. " It was voted that Col. Joseph Kingsbury be a suitable candidate for County Commissioner." And Col. Aden Stephens, Russell Fowler and Perly Coburn were nominated for auditors. A corresponding committee of two from each township was selected, as follows : Dr. Thomas Huston and John F. Satterlee, Athens; Samuel Campbell and John Harkness, Smithfield; Ezra Long and Levi Soper, Burlington; Jared Holcomb, Esq., and George Kinney, Ulster; Abner C. Rockwell and Noah Spalding, Towanda ; Hugh Holcomb and William P. Spalding, Canton ; William F. Dinniger and William Allen, Wysox ; Ebenezer Lewis and Daniel Brown,Wyalusing ; Josiah Bosworth and Col. Theron Darling, Orwell; and Benajah Bostwick and William Bradshaw, Rush. In this paper appears the rather flowing advertisement of the "Boot & Shoe Factory " of Henry Harris. This was the quick response to the call for a shoemaker in the preceding week's paper. It paid in those days to advertise, it seems. But on reading the "ad.," it is discovered that the bold Henry Harris is not of Towanda, or Bradford county, but of Williamsport; and he gives elaborate directions how to send your measure for footgear. As it may sound a little curious to this generation, his instructions are given : " Take a strip of paper one inch broad, the length you want the boot — then measure round the calf, over pantaloons and stocking — then round the heel and instep, the thickness of the foot round the instep — then the exact length of the foot; cutting a notch for calf, heel and instep and length of the foot — also, mark each notch and take the exact size," etc. In the next column is a notice of a meeting of "Democratic Republicans" to nominate a candidate for auditor in the stead of Henry Welles, who had been placed on the ticket for member of the assembly. The old style/ makes a person inclined to read the paper as though he were tongue-tied every time it occurs. This issue contains the first announcement of a marriage — Thomas Overton, Esq., of Sheshequin, to Miss Mary Tracy, "of this town." Ceremony by Burr Ridgway. Another notice is by Theron Darling, lieutenant colonel, One Hundred and Forty-fourth Regiment, P. M., to the officers and men to meet at the house of Joshua Moger, " Wysoc." This is followed by a notice by Richard -Benjamin, executor of the estate of Amos Bennett. Then comes a list of letters, Ebenezer B. Gregory, postmaster, Towanda, as follows: County of Bradford— Isaac Allen, Absalom Carr; Towanda — Ethan Baldwin, Samuel Cranmer, Isaac Ellsworth, William French, Sally Kent, Eliphalet Mason, Esq., Silas Scovel; Canton — David Way; Orwell — Nancy Darling ; Wysox — Jacob Strickland. It will be under stood from this notice that the mail for the entire county came to Towanda. When we reflect on the number of postoffices now in the county, the change will be strongly marked indeed. The next issue of the Gazette is dated September 21, and contains the conclusion of Lawrence's biography. On the third page is a notice of the " Celebration of the National Fast," by "the friends of American 152 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Liberty and Independence," in the township of Burlington, September 9, "in the meeting-house contiguous to Nathaniel Ballard's." The account says : " An appropriate and patriotic discourse was delivered by Rev. John M'Keen." In this paper is a notice by Eli Parsons, "Adm'r of William Johnson's estate." Then follows a notice dated, " Jail at Towanda," by Constant Williams, stating that he has applied to the judges " for the benefit of the laws for the relief of insolvent debtors." The poor man was imprisoned for debt. Abner C. Rockwell, sheriff, offers " $30 reward " for John Shrader, Jr., " of dark complexion, black curly hair, dark eyes, speaks broad English, and the German tongue, about six feet high, who made his escape from the jail of Bradford on the evening of the 13th inst." He does not inform us what the man was in jail for. The next issue has a notice of a farm for sale, by Orr Scovell. It is described as lying on Towanda creek, 190 acres, within a mile and a half of Towanda. Another notice, by the same man, of a "paire of 2 yr. old steers, that broke into the inclosure of the subscri ber." The next is by Joel Stevens and Elisha Rich, administrators of Gustavus Ellsworth, deceased. The issue, dated October 5, has a notice by A. V. Mathews, " Wanted, a good steady laborer." Ebenezer Gregory "forbids any person cutting timber" on the land in Towanda, he had contracted for with the town proprietors, John Shepherd and Benjamin Durrance ; Lieut. Col. Samuel Satterlee gives notice to the officers and men of the Fifty-seventh Regiment, that the battalion commanded by Samuel McKean will meet at the house of William Furman, in Columbia township, and the second battalion, commanded by Maj. Abraham Snell, are to meet at the house of Abner Murry, Athens ; Justus Gaylord and William Myer, commissioners, give to all persons who have subscribed toward the public buildings of the county notice to pay up, and that they will receive proposals for 300 perches of stone for building the jail. The paper of October 12th, publishes on the first page the " official account of the capture of the British fleet on Lake Erie, by the American fleet under Commodore Perry." This celebrated naval battle was fought September 10, 1813. In the Gazette of October 12, appears an advertisement by Commis sioners Justus Gaylord and William Myer, calling for contracts for materials to be used in constructing " a court house and gaol, as follows : 6,763 ft. square timber ; 7,184 ft. scantling ; 8,860 ft. white oak plank ; 200 ft. cherry plank ; 500, clear white pine ; 5,000 ft. \\ inch white pine boards; 50,000 ft. boards for ceiling ; 4,500 ft. IJ yellow pine flooring; 6,500, siding; 13,000 shingles; 10,000 brick, and 200 bu. lime." And again, they notify ail who have subscribed toward public buildings to pa}' up. Then comes David Pratt with " Look Here," notifying those who owe him for "cloth- dressing" to promptly settle for the same. The next issue, October 17, contains the official returns of the election in the county. Burr Ridgway, Democrat, was elected over J. Kingsbury, Federal, count}' commissioner, by a majority of 108, in a total vote in the county of 622 ; 365 for Ridgway, and 257 for his opponent. The lowest majority given the Democratic candidates for auditors over their Federal opponents was 105. The vote in the respective townships between HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 153 the two parties was as follows — the first number being Democratic : Athens, 61—73 ; Cliffsburg, 73—10 ; Burlington, 49—8 ; Canton, 35— 21; Towanda, 47— 37 ; Wysox, 34— .8; Orwell, 27— 27; Wyalusing, 39 — 40. The three auditors elected were Clement Paine, Moses Cool baugh and Jonathan Stevens. The elected assemblymen for the Lycom ing section of Bradford county were John Forster and Henry "Welles, Democrats ; to the assembly from the Luzerne section of Bradford county, Jabez Hyde, Jr., and Joseph Pruner, Democrats. As a foot note to the election returns, the editor says: It is presumed it will not be amiss to say there has not been a single word of slander or abuse on either side in the county. The importance attaching to this quoted paragraph comes from three sources : First, it indicates a decent circumspection on the part of the respective candidates and voters ; second, the only paper in the county was Democratic, and had no organ to reply to it ; third, it was the first line or paragraph of editorial that ever appeared in the paper, either general or local. The style of papers in that day differed much from those of the present. Then the first page had a few "ads.," and was all "foreign news," about a month old, the remainder of the paper being clippings from other papers — long articles on religious, war or political subjects. The issue now under consideration has a " Com municated " of over two columns, — a circular letter of the Chemung Baptist Association. The editor of the first paper, or of any country paper for that matter, hardly reflects on the very important position he fills, especi ally with reference to the rising generation — the children in the farm houses, where the county paper is an institution. As a farmer boy, the writer of these lines has fastened on his mind distinctly the num bers of the paper that he first read. He had been going to the country log school-house and the Sunday-school ; had been supplied with some of the moral fictions about good children, and had surreptitiously read " Alonzoand Melissa," but rather liked better " Daniel and the Lions," or, " Jonah and the Whale ; " and from these would turn with some interest to the weekly arrival of the paper from the county town The "cuts" and "ads." were first read, and as implicitly believed as " Alonzo and Melissa," and the other stories he had been devouring. He was forcibly struck with the character enigmas attached to the advertisements, as 7 — tf, 9— 3t, or 10 — 3, 9tf, and other puzzles of this kind. What did they mean? He made inquiry of all the family, but was none the wiser therefor. After reading the big type " ads.," he would turn to the "Poets' Corner" — first column on the fourth page always. He hardly ever understood what it was saying, but the short lines made it easy reading, comparatively. From here he would scan over the paper for very short articles, leaded articles, with very short paragraphs, but it was a long time before he had the courage to read a long article, set solid, with few paragraph breaks in it. A boy, though possessed of telescopic eyes, like the eagle, will almost jab his nose against anything he is much interested in looking at. Therefore very large display type does not make so good an impression on his mind as the medium-sized letter. But in time the boy will come to read the paper 154 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. carefully all through, and implicitly believe every word. A child's capacity to believe is very large, and is only gradually worn away to a respectable degree of doubting by repeated experiences. In time, the boy, who had finally become so deeply imbued with the excellencies and greatness of the county paper, reached the acme of his ambition, and owned a country paper, and was called upon to do at times about everything in the office. He plunged in with all the faith, hope and wild ambition of earliest manhood, to set the world aright — settle all these questions that the earth's great men had so criminally neglected. He read over and over the proofs of his own articles ; re-read them when the damp first impression was struck off, and held his breath to witness the shock that would now come, to our little universe. His amazement that people did not stop him on the street, rush up in crowds to his sanctum sanctorum (one corner of the imposing-stone), to talk about his editorials, was mitigated somewhat by a visit from the fellow who wanted to' whip the editor. He rapidly ran the rounds of a new country editor's experiences ; would lose faith in mankind, but eventually lost much of his own faith in himself. Whether he was a success in teaching mankind or not, was a question ; but one thing remains a fact — the world; taught the young man a great deal. He had been to the log school, the academy and to college, but at last' realized that the days of education commenced when he entered the printing office. The country newspaper is the best school in the world, at least for the youth who performs the rounds in it from roller-boy to editor-in-chief, and all the intermediates of compositor, job man, pressman, mailman, general business manager, writing '•' ads.," and then setting them up ; solicitor, paymaster, purchas ing agent, fighting editor, his own lawyer in damage suits ; clean the oflice, keep the files, read the exchanges, and placate a howling mob occasionally at the front door. If I had a boy and there was any promise in him, and I was given, the free choice of the rounds in a country printing-office and a course through Oxford for him, I would by far prefer the former. The printing-office turns out no learned ignorance— never. The schools and colleges do — a swollen stream that runs on forever. I have heard many a " tramp printer" (that is the title he gives himself) criticise a " take" of some man's manuscript, perhaps a man noted for his learning, until it would make his cheeks tingle, could he hear this rough and unpretentious man's just remarks in reference to it. The war-times printer, especially, was a character — reckless and dissipated often— making short stays at each place, tramping hundreds of miles in the course of the year, and at all times either "broke" or drunk; his more steady-going brother always giving him a chance to "sub" on his case, and make a "stake," as he called it. But this is now all changed. The printer is beginning to have his home, and as a rule he is looking forward to someday having his own office. The Bradford Gazette, of October 4, 1813, opens the first page with a five-line editorial, which is placed at the head of a long article by John Dickinson, an address to "the free electors and all candid citizens of Pennsylvania." A new advertisement is in this paper: a ¦%•% ' - sure in Wysox; John Smith, of New Sheshequin, states that a three- year-old black and white bull had strayed to his place; Eli Par sons, of Smithfield, gives notice, as administrator of William Johnson's estate ; H. Spalding wants to buy rags. The issue of December 7th, is filled with war news from France and Austria, and new " ads." as fol lows: William Means issues a short notice for customers to "pay up or give notes at once." Thomas Beebe gives notice that he has a supply of saddles, harness, portmanteaus, bridles, lines, shoes, etc.; George Scott wants a journeyman blacksmith ; J. W. Alder, of Lewis- burg Glass Works, wants wood — offers 67 cents for chopping; Ezra Rutty, of Towanda, gives notice as executor of Ezra Rutty, deceased ; Samuel C. Hall, of Cecil, gives notice, "Timber Wanted." In the issue of December 21st, appears an elaborate advertisement by Benja min Coolbaugh, of a valuable farm in Towanda township, for sale, six miles from Towanda. on the bank of the Susquehanna, adjoining the lands of William Coolbaugh on the north, Solomon Coal on the west, and Aaron Morris on the south — one hundred and. twenty acres. A good hewed-log house, with four rooms " on a floor," and thirty-five 8 158 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. acres under fence and about fifty acres planted; inquire of Mr. Cool: baugh, "on Towanda creek, and near Mr, John Mints, innkeeper." Samuel E. Grier, collector of 21st District, gives notice to retailers of liquors. William Knapp has on hand, for sale, "good sole and upper leather shoes, boot-legs and harness leather." George Scott wants a journeyman blacksmith for a term of six months ; Walter Whellar, of Wysox, says a stray steer came to his place. The paper of December 28th, gives President Madison's message in full. It had been delivered December 7th. These, too, were stirring times of war — sometimes called our second war for Independence from Great Britain. The new "ads." in this paper: Dawner Wood worth, of Tioga, warns the pub lic against a note given by him to Ebenezer Bacon. He says : " I am determined not to pay it, unless compelled by law." Henry Wells, of Athens, offers for sale a quantity of clover seed ; Lieut. Col. Samuel Satterlee gives notice to the Fifty-seventh Regiment to meet at the house of Capt. Ebenezer Kendall, in Burlington. On January 4th — he forgot to mark up the new year, and so it is "January 4, 1813," — -is given Gov. Simon Snyder's message in full. The opening sentence is replete with history : "Since the last session of the Legislature, events the most interesting have followed one another in rapid succession. Our sister States on the lakes and on the Atlantic have been invaded, and the Capitol of the Union menaced by hostile fleets and armies. I am happy and grateful to say that under Divine Providence the savage invaders have been repelled. A terri tory has been restored to the Union ; our western fellow-citizens now sleep in safety and pursue without fear their lawful occupations. The hands dyed in innocent blood, which were uplifted to slay and scalp our fellow-citizens, are now raised to supplicate for mercy." A second letter list is published, and this time the postmaster is Thomas Simpson, A. P. M. The following letters are advertised : Scovel Bailey, Sally Kent, Eliphalet Mason, 2 Hugh Johnson, Dr. Stephen Ballard, Nathaniel Allen, Esq., Octavius A. Holden, David Pratt, Pious Bentley, Jacob Strickland, Silas Barton, Esq., Ebenezer Bixby, Stephen Flower, Charles Thompson, Jeremiah Smith, Peter Bright, Elijah Sturdevant, Samuel Rockwell, Elias Vaughan. A post script is added, as follows: "Persons wishing to forward letters by mail, must send them to the postoffice every Tuesday before 12 o'clock." Then comes a " $10 Reward," by William Allen, constable, of Wysox, for John Strope, who had made his escape; a sheriff's sale, by Abner C. Rockwell; a notice, by S. T. Barstow, librarian of the Wysox and Orwell Library, of the purchase of books, etc. This issue has two editorials. The first is set in display job type, and informs the patrons of the paper that they must pay up. " The editor flatters himself that there will be no necessity of his resorting to coercive measures to obtain just dues," etc. Then follows an account of a fracas near Terrytown. * * " We have only learnt the names Crocker and Turner; the quarrel ended thus unfortunately for them both — Crocker had or procured a loaded gun, which he discharged at the latter, who survived but a few days — not being acquainted with the facts, think it proper not to make any further statements." Suppose HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 159 a modern reporter should bring in that style of a report of a homicide to the managing editor ! A notice is given " to purchasers of land of Charles Pleasants, through the agency of Thomas Overton," notifying them that their bonds and mortgages are now in the hands of John Morris, of Wellsburg. The issue of January 18, 1814, is filled with war news, clipped from exchanges ; long communications on the conduct of the war, and com plaints ofthe failures of the commanders of the army. An article from the Albany Argus is headed, " Disastrous and Shocking." It goes on to say that "We stop the press to say that an express has just arrived, who left Baltimore on Tuesday, a. m., with the horrid intelli gence that, on Sunday morning last, about three thousand British regu lars, militia and Indians, crossed the Niagara river, carried the fort by storm, and murdered the whole garrison, except three who made their escape over the pickets ; that they had also burnt the villages of Lew- istown and Manchester, and every building between the latter place and Niagara; * * * it was expected that they were now proceeding to Buf falo." This is followed by a notice to all the world by Isaac Hole- stead, that "my wife, Jemima, hath eloped from my bed and board." Next is a notice by Peter Latimer, concerning the estate of Stephen Latimer. A notice is inserted by Josiah Crocker, that he wants " pay for cording." The issue of February 1, 1814, is also filled with war news. Among other papers is a message from President Madison, informing Congress that he has received from Great Britain overtures for negotiation of terms of peace. On page 3, is a report from Commissioners Justus Gaylord, William Myer and Burr Ridgway, giving receipts and expen ditures of the county. Total receipts of the county, $2,646.27 ; total expenditures, $2,7-13.96. The most interesting items in the expendi tures are the following: To county commissioners, $319.9*; clerk hire, $120.75; panther certificates, $40; wolf certificates, $231; fox certificates, $1.87 ; temporary jail, $26.90 ; commissioners' and pro- thonotary's office, $342 ; treasurers' commissions, $76.09. The report is attested by Joseph Kingsbury, clerk. Then follows the notice of a public vendue, of the personal property of the late Isaac Cash. In the paper of the next week is an estray notice, " taken up on the Susque hanna river, a large ferry boat," by James Anderson, of Wyalusing ; Jacob Bell, of Wysox, gives notice to "pay up;" William Means, of Towanda, wanted a quantity of " Bair and Deer skins." The only editorial in the Gazette of February 15, is a notice in brackets that, " being under the necessity of moving the office, there will be no paper next week." William Means offers to lease for a term of three years his store and tavern in Towanda. The premises consist of " a large and commodious dwelling-house, with a store annexed, a well and pump likewise, and aqueduct water from an unfailing spring, an ice house, smoke-house, carriage-house and stables, barn with cellar stables, distillery with overhead water, a ferry, and about 100 acres of best mowing pasturage, an excellent garden, and good bearing orchard, all conveniently situated and in order." He explains that the place is widely known, " as the Courts of Common Pleas, etc., are now held 1G0 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in an apartment of the house, and the public buildings are to be erected near it." This advertisement is quite a graphic pen-picture of Towanda at that time. The buildings were near what is now the corner of Main and Franklin streets, and the " 100 acres of best mowing and pasture land " is now the heart of the business part of the borough, and where are now splendid stores, gas and electric lights, with their decorated plate-glass windows. These were once the grazing grounds of William Means' cows and calves. In this issue is a proclamation by A. C. Rock well, sheriff, for the approaching session of the court. The document is so pompous, and full of the lordly ways of doing these things by our fathers, that some of it is here given: "Whereas, the Hon. John B. Gibson, President Judge of the Courts of Common Pleas, and Courts of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace, and President Judge of the Courts of Oyer and Terminer and General Gaol Delivery, for the trial of Capital and other offenders for the Eleventh Judicial District, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania * * * George Scott and John McKean, Esqrs., Judges of the Courts of Common Pleas and General Quarter Sessions of the Peace and associate Justices of the Courts of Oyer and Terminer and General Gaol Delivery," etc., etc. The court was to convene on the 18th day of April. The whole concludes with the usual " God save the Commonwealth." Then follow two new sheriff sales; a notice of the death of Moses Coolbaugh, aged sixty- three years, leaving " a wife and eight children." Then follows: "By Yesterday's Mails," rumors of peace negotiations with England. It says that " Hon. J. Q. Adams had written * * * that peace would speedily take place between England and America." We can hardly imagine what a thrill of joy this brief and modest announce ment must have carried to our people. Jeduthen Wi they forewarns all persons from taking an assignment of a note "given to the widow Tamson Ballord," for 3,000 shingles, " said note being fraudulently obtained." "Bevare of the vidders," unsophisticated Jeduthen. That name ought to have been your complete protection — it wasn't, it seems. The Gazette of March 8th, notwithstanding the preceding rumors of peace, has this advertisement by the Government. Quoting the line: "A soldieF is the noblest name," it proceeds to offer a bounty of " $124 and 160 acres of land to all patriotic, able-bodied young men who are desirous of shouldering a musket to defend the rights of our injured country against a tyrannical and barbarous enemy." This is signed by John Baldy, captain 16th Reg. U. S. Infantry. The next is a notice by Samuel Coolbaugh and Burr Ridgway, Exrs. of Moses Cool baugh, deceased. John D. Saunders, of Towanda, offers "a valuable farm for sale, containing 440 acres, 37 acres cleared and under fence; also, the possession of 400 acres of improved land, on which is a first-rate saw-mill." The next week is a " caution to the public," by George Gerould, not to take a note given by him to John Wilson," for $10. Charles F. Welles, register, gives notice that John D. Saunders, administrator of John Cranmer, has presented full accounts, etc., etc. Then follows a column "ad." from H. Buckingham, drugs, medicines and paints, at Kingsbury, In his items are gentian, ginseng, juniper, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 16 L sassafras, ivory, and pewter syringes, tooth instruments, thumb lancets, durable ink, dragons' blood, etc., etc. In the paper dated March 22, the editor again gives notice to "pay up," and he authorized Charles Keyes to collect bills and receipt therefor. March 29, appears only a half-sheet. The editor indulges in another editorial, in which he explains that his assistant, a young man, is sick. He further explains such action, under such circumstances, "is customary," and says, in conclusion, " the foregoing statement will be satisfactory to every person of candoure." Ghost of Thomas Simpson, we metaphorically pat you on the back and say, " Yes-sir-ee ! " After all, there is a good deal of history in this half-sheet. It tells how the President, in a curt note of four lines, dismissed Gideon Granger, postmaster-general, from office. Then follows a short paragraph, giving an account of Cumber land county that clay sending from Carlisle its quota of troops, 500 volunteers. The particulars of the death of Tecumseh, shot and killed by Col. Dick Johnson. March 19, Gov. Simon Snyder vetoed the bill creating forty-one new banks. At the same time the Democrats in the Legislature held a meeting, and again nominated Gov. Snyder to be his own successor. The issue of April 12 appears with all advertisements out. It is supposed the old ones had run out, and no new ones came in. It has another marked feature : there are as many as four short editorials. The first announces that Mr. Simpson. is away, "procuring the means to improve the Gazette, and, during the interim, it is conducted by a man long detached from the society of the press ; this announcement will make the critic himself forgive the errour it may contain." [Too bad he withheld his name.] Then comes an editorial' eulogistic of Gov. Snyder ; the writer evidently was in favor of his re-election. There is a ten-line editorial on general glorification of the American character, and predicting many prosperous days for our Republic. This is followed by a savage attack, editorially, on Caleb Strong, of Massa chusetts. We can not fully learn just what Caleb had been doing to incite the writer's wrath. A paragraph marked with a HSF" informs us that " no mail had arrived when this paper went to press. The uncommon swell of the river, etc., cut off the regular communication. Great news is expected from Europe." Two or three numbers of the paper appear with no advertisements, except those of the editor. Then John D. Saunders again offers for sale his farm. The absence of advertisements is some what made up by an editorial on the Merino sheep. The article explains that Bradford county is a favored place for raising these animals ; recommends every farmer to raise this very superior breed ; appeals to their patriotism, and hopes to see every true American dressed in the superior goods from this wool, and concludes with the information th it Mr. Austin Leonard has " Dom Pedro, a ram full of the blood." William Means and Andrew Irwin give notice that they have "taken up a raft of small logs on the Susquehanna river." The important news in this issue is stated: "Since Friday noon there have been various rumors in this city respecting the probabilities of an Armistice." 162 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. One feature of the paper that would appear curious now to our nation of newspaper readers, is that the files of which we are now giving some account of were published in the days of bloody and cruel Avar; stirring times, indeed, when every wind came laden with victories and defeats, dreadful marches, storming forts and bloody massacres, with many and many a deceptive rumor of peace, or at least an armistice; and yet the people bided their time in patience for the news from fathers, husbands, brothers and sons in the army, as it was doled out to them often a month old, and at best so meager as to be, it would seem, little better than simply prolonged torture. As a sample, the following is culled from the Gazette, of April 26, 1814. It is a reprint from the Middleburg Columbia Patriot, of April 6— twenty days old. The account proceeds to say, substantially, that, " at a late hour last evening, we were politely favored with the perusal of a letter from a gentleman in Plattsburg to his friend in this town, dated Friday morning, April 1," etc. It then proceeds to give important accounts of the movement of our army, containing an accouut of a fight at La- Cole Mill, Canada. Our loss was twenty killed and wounded. Among the killed was Ensign Parker. Others rumored killed and wounded. It will be noticed the date of the action is not given. How could our people survive, after their modern habits, such slow and uncertain news from the front ? A letter received then did not mean simply so many hours from starting point to destination, as it does now. They had no mails except the pony riders, who would pass a given point, like Towanda, once a week. Thus the most important news might be de layed two weeks before it could start by letter. Now, people in San Francisco, measuring time by the sun, read all about what has trans pired in New York three hours or more before the people of the latter city themselves can hear of it. Remember, Fulton's steamboat was five years old — steam navigation was a demonstrated fact; and did our forefathers, just as we now are doing, look back toward their ancestors and marvel how they endured life deprived of all the advantages with which they were blessed % In this paper is a notice so unique that we give it verbatim : "Oh, god of love, be true to my enamor'd breast, Be kind to the flame, if dead to all the rest." Married.— At Burlington, by the Rev. Mr. Ripley, Mr. Jehiel Farres, aged 75, to Miss Elizabeth Prouty, aged 19. After a courtship of fifteen minutes. Cephas and William Campbell, administrators of James Campbell, deceased, give notice. Jacob I. A. Johnson, of Athens, furnishes the paper with the first cut that seems to have been printed in the county — a horse standing on two legs'; the other two he holds up as though he had inflamed corns. He describes him as the beautiful horse, " Young Yorkshire" — eight years old "next grass." Augustus Pierce gives notice that he will sell "factory cloth shirting forty cents a yard, gingham fifty cents a yard, silk, twist, and hair combs of all descriptions " — all at Wysox. The issue of May 3, has three pages filled with the speech in Congress of Mr. Findley, " on the loan bill." The next item is a notice that the accounts of Enoch and David Paine, of Athens, have been HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 163 placed in the hands of Edward Herrick, Esq., for collection. "The Silver Lake Bank" has a notice, dated from Wysox, by the bank commis sioners, that subscription books will be opened in the county for receiving stock subscriptions to the bank, etc. On different days, the notice informs the public, the books will be opened at the house of William Means, Towanda; at the house of Dr. Stephen Watkins, Athens; at William Myers, Wysox; Jesse Ross, Pike; John Hollen- beck,Wyalusing. The commissioners' names to the notice are Benjamin Lathrop, Daniel Ross, Reuben Hale, George Scott, Samuel Stanton and Abisha Woodward. This is followed by a library notice of Eliphalet Mason and Samuel Cranmer, of Towanda. This was called the " Orient Library." A meeting was called at the house of Elisha Cole, in Towanda. The following item is from the Gazettes exchanges : Merinoes — The Spanish and Portuguese governments have made the exportation of Merino Sheep a capital crime, and, although great influence has been used, permission can not be obtained to export from Lisbon a flock now there, belonging to a house in this city. The paper of May 10 opens, as usual, with the first page filled with foreign news, such as a long proclamation by Napoleon to his soldiers. This news is three and four months old. On the next page is a three- column communication from Secretary of State James Monroe to Congress. Then is given, without headlines, an account of Gen. Jack son's great victory over the Creek Indians at the " bend of the Tala- posa," near Milledgeville. There is another editorial in this issue. It refers to Madison's State paper, and darkly hints that many of the "federal papers" will not publish it — concluding that, if Paul were living, he might, with propriety, say : " Blindness in part has hap pened to Israel!" Another editorial item states that many of the raftsmen on the Susquehanna have died of sickness ; many more are sick, and many other deaths are expected. Deaths are announced of Simon Spalding, aged twenty-one, brother of Harry Spalding, near Columbia. Near the same place, the death of William Gates,'aged twenty-two, is also announced ; and also at Washington City, the death of Samuel A. Otis, for many years Secretary of the Senate. Then follows a notice of tbe Lycoming mail stage, giving a schedule of weekly trips to Williamsport — fare, seven cents per mile. William Midaugh gives notice of the elopement of his wife. Clarissa, of Tioga. Again there are rumors in the air of peace with England. Then follows some desultory election news from parts of New York, in which is claimed Republican gains. This item closes with the word " celum ! " This must be a condensed Latin form of editorial exultation. They had not invented then the rural rooster, it seems, now kept on tap in the average country office about election times. June 7, 1814, notes an important change in the affairs of the Gazette. In display type, in the first column, appears the " proposal " of W. Brindle for publishing a weekly political and literary journal in Towanda. Mr. Thomas Simpson had sold to Mr. Brindle, who says he will take charge of the paper, September following— same name and terms, and to continue Republican (Democratic) in politics. Although the new proprietor was not to take control until the following Sep- 164 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNT? . tember, the paper continued to be issued each week by Thomas Simp son. In the issue of June 14th, is the notice of William Myers and Asahel Jarvis, of Wysox, of their carding machines " where wool will be carded by careful hands on short notice." June 21st appears a communication addressed to the Gazette, signed " R.," which is a pat riotic appeal for the people to stand together. The writer asks the people to be united as against the Old World, etc. He says he would risk his life on the proposition that if the " glorious news," now cur rent in the East, that " Wellington is overthrown, and now Napoleon is on his way to America with a 100,000 men," that then party fac tions would quickly disappear. He contends further that, while we have two political parties in this country, they " are only temporary." Charles F. Welles, register, gives notice that Abraham Minie'r and Henry Welles will apply for letters of administration on the estate of John Shippy. Married, June 19th, by Harry Morgan, Esq., Daniel Coolbaugh to Miss Sarah Post, of Wysox. Same day, by Burr Ridg way, David Kenyon to Miss Sarah Post, of Wysox. Maj. John Tay lor gives notice for all persons having claims against the One-Hundred and Forty-fourth Regiment Militia, to meet at Harry Morgan's, Wysox; there will be a board composed of Capts. John Mints and William Allen. Jacob Bell, of Wysox, gives notice to debtors for immediate payment. With Thomas Brindle's name at the masthead, and W. Brindle's " proposal " still running in the paper, the distinguishing mark of the change of proprietors is in the fact that now at least once and a while a short editorial would appear. Under date of July 12, 1814, there is a whole column of editorial, giving an account of a Fourth of July celebration, at the house of James Gerould, at Smithfield. The officer of the day was Lieut. Hayes ; prayer, by Elder Ripley ; Declaration of Independence, by Col. Samuel Satterlee ; oration, by Charles Wood- worth. A general feast was served, and, " after the cloth was removed," toasfs were given and responded to as follows : " The day we celebrate." "American Soil." " The late Gen. G. Washington." " The Delegated Assemblage of the " James Madison." People of the Earth at Paris." " Mbridge Gerry." " Agriculture, Commerce and " Thomas Jefferson." Manufactures." ¦¦ Simon Snyder." " The American Flag." '¦ The State of Pennsylvania." " The American Fair." (Not the " American Blood." Chicago Fair, but the ladies.) There were voluntary toasts by Col. Satterlee, Mr. Ripley, S. Wood, Esq., and Col. Tozer. This was one of the first celebrations of the glorious Fourth by the patriots of Bradford county. The editor informs us that it was a great success — many peoplepresent, " attended by music and the firing of musketry, and the American flag waved seventy feet above the patriots." Charles Wood worth's oration on the occasion is published in part in this issue. Then follows a brief account of a late election in Yermont, where and when "an overwhelming majority of Republicans [Democrats] were elected." its! Silas E. Shepard S^P HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 167 In the Gazette of July 19 is an account of the proposed change of Thomas Simpson from Towanda to Williamsport, and he advertises his proposal to publish at that place the " Lycoming Advertiser." We learn from it that he was a native of that county. July 26, announces the marriage of Jesse Woodruff and Mrs. Pollv Ballard, of Towanda, by Rev. York. Also appears a notice by Andrew Coburn, concerning the estate of Ebenezer Coburn, deceased ; Elisha Cole advertises Benjamin Coolbaugh, " a runaway apprentice ; " Elizabeth and John Knapp give notice concerning the estate of William Cole; another proclamation from Sheriff A. C. Rockwell, con vening the courts; John Wilson, of Plainfield, N. J., advertises for "information concerning Jeremiah Gach, son of the late Elizabeth Dunham." He was a lost heir to a considerable legacy. We refer to it, but not in the hope it will yet restore the lost to their just inheritance. August 9 is a notice to the Democratic-Republicans to meet at the house of William Means, Towanda, " to make arrangements prepara tory to the general election." The editor had a cut of a small eagle, with its wings outstretched and claws full of arrows, with the American colors on its breast, the whole nearly an inch, from tip to tip, and has a good deal of the young gosling air in its tout ensemble, and this he puts occasionally over the very latest war news " by ' yefterday's ' mail"— that is, the old- fashioned s looked like f so much that modern readers would think the printer was surely tongue-tied. In his issue of August 16, he brings out his poultrv — the aforesaid eagle — and under it, in very large display type, is" the word " YICTORY." Then follows the account of the " battle at Bridgewater, near Niagara Falls," on the 25th of the preceding month. This stirring news is credited to the Buf falo Gazette— Extra. In the next column is a notice by William Allen that he had purchased the Wysox fulling mill, formerly run by Jacob Bell. In the same number, Walter Wheeler, of Wysox, gives notice to delinquents to pay up ; Rhoda Gridley, administratrix of the estate of Chester Gridley, of Orwell, gives notice. The Gazette of August 23 is only a half sheet. The editor, in a stick-full of italics, but under the head of "yefterday's mail," pro ceeds to explain as follows : " In consequence of the multiplicity of business, settlement, etc., and the foreign papers almost entirely bar ren, at least, of anything interesting, or concerning our land or naval engagements — the Editor has thought proper to issue a half- sheet, etc." The importance attaching to this half-sheet is that it was the last that appeared in the name of Thomas Simpson, although it is evident W. Brindle had been running the paper for some time. Also with this half-sheet the paper stopped publication. No mention of this fact, however, is made in the half-sheet. William Brindle had sold the office, and it was taken to Newtown (Elmira, N. Y.), and Brad ford county was without a newspaper. April 18, 1815, appeared the revived Bradford Gazette, and is indi cated as Yol. II, No. 1, published by B. Ridgway. The type and make-up are different from the first paper. It has the old engraved head, and is the same size. There is not a line or word of editorial, 168 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and, except the very few advertisements, is all reprints, and is mostly under the head of " foreign news." No reference to the war except the doings of the navy. The total of the advertisements are a notice by Charles F. Welles, register; a proclamation by A. C. Rockwell, sheriff; militia notices by Edward Herrick and Col. Samuel McKean; S. T. Barstow, of Wysox, offers for sale whisky from his Wysox distil lery ; and concludes with a list of letters, Burr Ridgway, P. M., as follows : William Buffington, Churchill Barnes, Absalom Carr, James Campbell, Solomon Cole, Selah Crofut, Elisha Foster, Isaiah Grover, Elijah Horton, George Head, Alvin Humphrey, William Hitchcock, Matthew Russell, Martin Stratton, Isaac Swain, Ezra Spalding and James Smith. April 25 issue announces [the eagle not appearing] another great naval victory, by the frigate "Constitution." A four-line editorial an nounces that "returns of votes from 238 towns in Massachusetts, there is a Republican net gain of 2,000 ; the First Battalion, Fifteenth Regiment, commanded by Maj. Gould Seymour, is ordered to meet at the house of Jacob Meyer, Wysox, and the Second Battalion, commanded by Maj. David Olds, is commanded to meet at the house of John Spald ing, Ulster township; Martha Benjamin and Jonathan Stevens publish a notice concerning the estate of Richard Benjamin ; William Keeler, of Wysox, offers " for sale 950 ready-made horseshoes, and also a lot of factory cloth for cash or approved credit." May 2, 1815, contains a sheriff's sale of numerous tracts of land " on the waters of Towanda creek, and the property of the late Walter Stuart." We give the warrantees' names, as indicating who were once property owners in that section : D. H. Cunningham, 438 acres ; James Smith, 410 acres; Thomas Hawthorn,. 320 acres; Andrew Beckhart, 420 acres ; Alexander Boyd, 450 acres ; Jacob Bennett, 435 acres ; George Lowman, 418 acres; Jonas Simons, 406 acres ; William Ray, 435 acres ; Robert Hopkins, 434 acres ; David Rose, 466 acres ; Samuel Wallace, 428 acres; George Hoffer, 416 acres ; Peter Bedford, 404 acres; Aaron Levy, 400 acres ; Isaac Milnor, 419 acres ; Deborah Stuart, 304 acres ; William Stuart, 280 acres ; Jacob Bemus, 437 acres ; Walter Stuart, 100 acres. Then follows a notice by Col. Harry Spalding and Lieut.-Col. William Allen, for the men to meet at the house of David Olds, Wysox. May 9 publishes as the most " Extraordinary News ! " the return of Napoleon to Paris, on the 20th of March preceding. Russell Fowler gives notice of the estate of Roger Fowler, deceased. The paper of May 16 contains some important items in the history of the borough of Towanda. The notice is headed' " Naming the Town," and then says .that, at a meeting of the Court of Quarter Ses sions in the township of Towanda, on May 8, 1815, Hon. John B. Gibson presiding, upon the petition of the inhabitants of the town- plot, laid out for the seat of justice, to wit: Simon Kinney, Charles F. Welles, Harry Spalding, Obadiah Spalding, Ebenezer B. Gregory, Jesse Woodruff, A. C. Stuart, Adam Conly, John E. Kent, Andrew Irwin, Burr Ridgway and O. H. Holden, being all the said inhabitants — and John Franklin, Julius Tozer, Joseph Kinney, John Saltmarsh, Joseph HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 169 Kingsbury, David Paine, Michael R. Thorp, Ezra Spalding, Nathaniel Allen, Salmon Bosworth, Edward Herrick, Ethan Baldwin and others, citizens of Bradford county, setting forth that the inhabitants of the town-plot have unanimously selected Monmouth for the designation of said town, and all agreed to use that name for the county town. Per mission was asked of the court, and given, to spread this proceeding on the court's record. Then for the next year the paper is dated " Monmouth ( Towanda township)." The final naming of Towanda is of itself quite a history. Col. Means was one of those positive men, and a political leader in the county; a Democrat (then called Republican), and he had been the chief influence in locating the town where it stands. The issue of the Gazette, March 4, 1816, is dated " Williamston," and Burr Ridgway explains : " The name of this village having become the source of considerable impetuosity and unreasonable strife, the editor, willing to accommodate all, announces a new name this day — may it give satisfaction and become permanent." This prefix of " William " was as much intended for William Means as had the name of " Meansville." The place now had advocates who called it all the various names of Williamston, Monmouth, Towanda and Meansville, Pine Grove, etc. For so small a place it was already much named, and each name had its advocates as well as its opponents. To all these were added "Yauxhall" and "Claverack," the original name of the Connecticut purchase. In 1822 the name was still a subject of contention. The Gazette was now dated Meansville. This finally became, when the subject had fully entered into the county's politics, the Democratic favorite, and Towanda was the favorite of the opposition. This went on unabated until 1828 ; at that time Judge Ryan was senator from this district. It is said that, through the influence of James P. Bull and William Patton, Democrats, he opposed the incorporation of the village for some time on the ground that the incorporators had selected the name " Towanda." But after some time he consented, and it was finally settled officially and permanently in the incorporation act. It had enjoyed enough baptis mal names to have been a Prince Regent of some royal house. The tradition yet remains that there was a private meeting of the citizens, and those of the meeting petitioned the Legislature for the incorpora tion under the name of Towanda, and that before they were detected by the other side the bill had passed and become a law. The conten tion had become quite earnest as it had grown and spread with the years. The incident, as insignificant as it now appears, is full of historical meaning. Man is a contentious animal. If he can not find one thing to disagree with his neighbor about, then he will hunt up another thing ; if there is nothing of any importance, then he will seize something unimportant. He naturally feeds upon contention — controversy. Thus,- it is to be seen, he rubs off his rough points, polishes the rough diamond, — advances himself in the scale of being. An over-contentious man in a neighborhood is apt not to be much loved, and is often positively dis- 170 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. liked, but after all he is the fish that keeps the waters stirred — and motion is existence throughout the universe, it is life, and all there is. In the paper of May 23, following, is an offer of Ebenezer B. Gregory to sell at public auction "at Monmouth," on a credit of three months, the contents of his store, and two cows, one chaise and two horses ; Sterling Holcomb, of Canton, warns the public against "a note of hand given to Michael Griffin;" William Myer, Burr Ridgway and Samuel McKean, commissioners, give notice that in future their regular meetings will be on the first Tuesday of each month. In the number, May 30, is aD account of what we would now call a party county convention. It is worded so as to best show the mode of conducting affairs political at that time, and commences by reciting that at the May term of the court of Bradford county a number of Republicans were convened at the tavern of William Means, " with a view of exerting all their energies to support the institutions of their government," etc. The meeting appointed what was called "a com mittee of vigilance," as follows: Athens, Col. Julius Tozer and Edward Herrick ; Ulster, Capt. Joseph Powell, Elijah Saltmarsh; Smithfield, Col. Samuel Satterlee, Capt. Ebenezer B. Gerould ; Wells, Capt. George Hyde, John Cummings ; Springfield, Reuben Wilber, Noah Murray ; Columbia, Isaac Wheeler, David R. Haswell ; Burlington, Col. Samuel McKean, Samuel Conant ; Canton, Isaac Chappel, John Knapp; Towanda, Eliphalet Mason, Capt. John Mints; Asylum, Bar tholomew Laporte, Maj. John Horton ; Windham, Edward Russell, Jonathan Pease; Warren, James Bowen, Benjamin T. Case; Orwell, Maj. David Olds, Joel Barnes ; Pike, Jesse Ross, Rathel Stone ; Wyalusing, John Hollenbeck, Joseph Elliott; Wysox, Jonathan Stevens, George Scott. Each township committee was instructed to call a township meeting and send delegates to a county meeting. Then Samuel Satterlee and Samuel McKean were appointed to confer with the Republicans of Tioga county, and endeavor to "promote a reci procity of action." In the paper of June 6 is a notice of David Ridgway, Wysox, of " fancy Windsor chairs, common chairs, great spinning wheels, bureaus and tables," manufactured at his shops, for sale. J. M. Piollett, of Wysox, advertises a "platform of boards" as going adrift from the mouth of Wysox creek; David Paine, secretary of the Cayuga & Susquehanna Turnpike Company, notifies the stockholders of a meeting; William Myer and Asahel Jarvis give notice that their carding machine is about ready to commence operations ; Nehemiah Tracy, administrator, gives notice concerning the estate of Joshua Eames, of Smithfield township. In the next paper, A. C.Rockwell, Towanda, gives notice that he has a number of grass scythes for sale. The militia of Bradford county, commanded by Captains Brookins, Powell, Kinney, Gerould and Stuart, are notified to meet for the purpose of electing a major, to supply the vacancy caused by the resignation of David Olds. Harry Spalding says he has found a stray ferry boat , Jacob Strickland says he has found a " ticket in the New Baltimore Lottery." In turning over the leaves of this volume of the Gazette— this HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 171 faithful mirror of its times — what would strike any one at this day is, first, the absence of editorials, general or local; second, the promi nence given to " European news," especially the movements of Napoleon and the armies of Europe ; third, the little attention apparently to the home news of the war that our country was engaged in with the mother country. The compiler had traveled along in this old file carefully, page by page and column by column, but he found no announcement of the end of the war and the happy return of peace to America. This great fact, however, does finally appear in type, but only as an inference in this way : "July 4th, 1815, the national day celebrated at Haslet's Tavern." An oration was delivered by E. Baldwin, and the paper published it in full; there was feasting, parades, music and regular toasts, and one of these patriotic ebullitions reads as follows: "The late war — the best diplomatic remonstrance of an injured people, made from the mouths of cannon." Mr. Baldwin in his oration refers to the late war and its end by simply saying that " but lately at New Orleans did we cease, at the mouth of the cannon, to give lessons of instruction, lasting lessons to all Europe, the moral of which was, cultivate our friendship in peace, but dread our power in war." This is all very curious now to news paper readers. It was as though the Bradford county papers had passed over in silence the surrender of Lee and the end of the War of the Rebellion. As a chapter in the history of our local newspapers, if nothing more, it is real history. The editors of those times were feeling for and supplying the public demands much as the editors of to-day are doing. It is really very remarkable. In this issue appears a wedding notice: Samuel Landrus to Miss Mercy Smith, by Burr Ridgway; followed by the announcement of the death of Anna Taylor, consort of Aziel Taylor, of Canton, June 24. The funeral sermon was preached by Elder N. II. Ripley. S. T. Barstow " offers for sale at his residence at Fenceler Castle (Wysox) a very handsome assortment of goods." We learn that Samuel Griffin had been to the Fourth of July celebration, and that he lost or was robbed of his pocket-book, " containing $5 in cash, an order on Isaac Chapel, supervisor of Canton township, a note against Ezra Bradley, a receipt from Garrick Mallery, * * two certificates for wolf scalps, a county order .in the name of Daniel Stone, another in the name of Daniel In gram, one in favor of Hugh Holcomb and one to Julius Tozer." Then Harry Morgan, J. P., publishes a legal notice of an attachment in favor of Theron Darling and Robert Sutton. The next is a publication, by Polly Tuttle against Henry Tuttle, of a proceeding for divorce. The Republicans of Burlington township held a meeting at the house of Maj. Ebenezer Kendall, Capt. Ballard, chairman, and John Dobbins secretary, and unanimously resolved to support Col. Samuel McKean for the Legislature. Married in Wysox, by Harry Morgan, Esq., William Hart and Mary Strope. Amasa Withey gives notice of divorce pro ceedings against Lucy Withey. Same notice, Lydia P. Smith against Samuel Smith. John Norris, clerk Orphans' Court of Tioga county, gives notice of land sale, to settle estate. Sheriff Rockwell gives notice to the children and representatives of Stephen Latimer, late of 172 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Canton, of a petition for partition of real estate. Columbia township Republicans held a meeting at the house of Capt. David Watson; Sam uel Strait, chairman, and David R. Haswell, secretary, and rec ommended Samuel McKean for the Legislature, and pledge each to stand by the nominees of their party. Burr Ridgway, A. P. M., pub lishes another letter-list : Sarah Alger, Jonathan Beebe, Churchill Barnes, David Carter, Moses Carter, David Campbell, William Gough, Richard Gough, William Means, Levi Preston, Jonathan Scott, Elias Yaughan, Abel Wheeler, Amasa Withey. August 8th, the " Free Republican Electors " are called to meet in Towanda, Saturday 19th, at Haslet's Inn, to choose delegates to the county meeting. The editor has an editorial announcement somewhat as follows : " A number of subscribers to this paper, who have a great affection for Englishmen, request the publication of extracts from well-known English writers." He says he will devote a column to that purpose occasionally. In the same connection he informs his readers that the oration delivered at Smithfield last Fourth of July had been received, and would appear next week. A Federal-Republican meeting of Wysox and Towanda was held at the house of Col. Harry Spalding, August 10, 1815 ; Ebenezer B. Gregory, chairman, and Hiram Mix, secretary. A committee was appointed to call a delegate meeting of the townships, at the house of Col. Harry Spalding, to select candidates, etc. Following constituted the committee : Wysox, Col. William Allen, Ralph Martin ; Wyalus ing, Justus Gaylord, Justus Lewis ; Pike, Salmon Bosworth, Allen Stevens ; Warren, Andrew Coburn, Amos Coburn; Windham, Levi Brainard, Daniel Hill ; Orwell, Col. Theron Darling, Asahel Johnson ; Ulster, Ebenezer Shaw, Jared Holcomb; Athens, John F. Satterlee, Dr. Thomas Huston ; Wells, Capt. Yine Baldwin ; Springfield, Samuel Campbell, John Harkness; Smithfield, Capt. Solomon Morse, Samuel Kellogg; Burlington, Nathaniel Allen, Capt. Ezra Long; Can ton, Daniel Ingram, Horace Spalding ; Towanda, Abner C. Rockwell, Jesse Woodruff. About the same time a meeting was held at the house of John M. Hicks, Wysox, George Hicks, chairman, and John M. Hicks, secretary, and it was unanimously resolved to recommend Col. William Allen as a suitable candidate for sheriff. The paper of August 22, 1815, has a notice signed by Joseph Kingsbury, W. M., and Thomas Huston, secretary of the Athens Lodge of Masons, informing the world that the lodge had expelled Dr. David Sherwood Rice "for crimes of the darkest hue," and requesting printers friendly to Masons, throughout the United States, to insert the notice. Polly Grant, executrix, gives notice of the estate of Gyp Grant, of Wysox. Charles F. Welles, prothonotary, gives notice to witnesses and jurymen of their discharge from attendance upon the next court " on account of an error in the venires." S. T. Barstow has a new advertisement, stating that he has received a very general assortment of goods at his "store, Fenceler Castle," Wysox: among other things, " nails of different sizes ; " all is offered for sale for cash, grain or lumber. As an instance of how things were done at that time, appears a notice addressed: "To the officers of the armv and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 173 navy of the United States ; the executives of the different States and all citizens," and signed by "A citizen of Hanover county, Ya.," in which he states he is collecting the materials to write a history of the War of 1812 with the causes that led to it ; he solicits everyone hav ing documents, orders or papers throwing light on the subject to for ward them, not by mail, as that would incur too much expense, but by Senators and Congressmen traveling to Washington City. He expected to complete the first volume by 1816, and concludes with a request to all Republican papers to copy, and he will give in return a copy of the book. September 12, 1815, both the political parties held conventions and nominated candidates. The Republican (Democratic) convention met at Towanda; Gurdon Hewitt, chairman, and Henry Welles, secretary, and made the following ticket : For senator, Henry Welles ; assembly man, Samuel M'Kean ; sheriff, Julius Tozer ; commissioners, John Hollenbeck and Samuel Satterlee; coroner, Reuben Wilber; auditor, Gurdon Hewitt. Following this was a card from Eliphalet Mason to the public, in which he stated that he had been strongly solicited to be a candidate for sheriff. He says : " As it was not my fortune to be placed on the ticket, my friends will show their best respects to me by supporting the ticket nominated." The Federal-Republicans made the following nominations : Senator, John Franklin; assemblyman, Joseph Kingsbury; coroner, Ebenezer B. Gregory; sheriff, John Spalding, 2nd.; commissioners, Salmon Bosworth, Nathaniel Allen ; auditor, Theron Darling. The next day it seems there was a meeting, at the house of Andrew Haslett, Towanda, " of a number of respectable inhabitants of the townships of Canton, Burlington, Ulster, Wysox and Towanda, for the purpose of nominating the several persons to fill the different offices." The meeting put in nomination : For representative, Samuel M'Kean ; for representative for Bradford and Tioga counties, William Allen ; sheriff, John Mints ; commissioners, Charles Brown and Jonathan Stevens ; coroner, Reuben Hall ; auditor, John Hancock. Of this meeting Charles Brown was chairman, and Thomas H. White, secre tary. There is nothing to indicate the complexion of the politics of this meeting. They, it seems, were content to simply say they were " respectable citizens," and endorsed M'Kean, and took other men for the remainder of the ticket. They might possibly be called "Inde pendents " — or " Kickers," but they are not. Died, at Canton, at the house of her son-in-law, Jesse Morse, Widow Susannah Stone, " a few years since from Sturbridge, Conn.," aged 86. Uriel Woodruff, Towanda. gives notice that a yoke of oxen had " broke into his enclosure;" Ezra Long, Burlington, offers for sale "the stand formerly occupied by Jeremiah Decker, on Sugar creek, near Rich's Mills, as a store — four acres of land, dwelling house and barn;" Ed ward Herrick, inspector, enrolled militia, Fifteenth Regiment, Second Brigade, Ninth Division, P. M., called a meeting of the members of that command, at the house of William Myers, Wysox, for the pur pose of electing a major; Col. Samuel M'Kean gives notice to the Twenty-first Regiment to meet at the house of Capt. James Gray, 174 HISTORY' OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Tioga, for three days drill and discipline ; Harry Spalding gives " the last notice but one" to delinquents ; Moses B. Canfield gives notice that his wife Deborah had left his bed and board ; William Allen, Wysox, wants two journeyman boot and shoe makers. The paper of October 2d following, however, is for the first time full of political life. It opens with a long " address to the Democratic Republicans of Bradford county." Which proceeds to counsel standing together, and every member to vote the whole ticket from top to bot tom. This is followed by a "communication," which the editor says was" received "too late for last week's paper." This communication proceeds to explain all about the third convention "of respectable citizens" mentioned above. It opens by warning the electors of Brad ford county against " a certain third or Merino Ticket, made up by a few disappointed persons of both parties," and proceeds to score the whole outfit. The writer grows fierce as he proceeds, and winds up with the following outburst: "It is shameful, it is infamous!" Thomas Overton, of Ulster, gives notice that he has placed all notes and accounts in the hands of Thomas H. White for collection. The editor indulges in an article. It must have been something extra ordinary to cause him to break the record. He prints, modestly, in a corner of his paper a parable, and tells how once upon a time "a gang of knaves, swindlers and horse-jockeys assembled at their rendezvous, the residence of one of the crew. * A violent dispute , arose as to who had the most honesty. After much wrangling one of them became a candidate for the title of honest man," etc., etc. The writer says the application can be made to "a similar gang of the present day," and "the gang must not think themselves the' whole world." , The Gazette now is getting to be quite lively. William Keeler, of Wysox, has a new advertisement of his store "a few doors below Fenceler Castle, and on the south of Pond Lane, and west side of , Squabble-Hill street, where I have just received, by the fast sailing boat, Rose-in-Bloom, Capt. Griffin, in a short passage of seven days from Wilkes-Barre, a big assortment," etc. These things fill the first page of the paper, and it must have disconcerted the weekly patrons when they looked for the regular "foreign news," always from two to three months old, and found fresh home affairs so extensively discussed. The average newspaper reader always prefers to read his own paper — one in which he knows just where to look for things. Looking further, it is apparent the editor is getting rather reckless. For instance : " The Gazette in future will be issued on Mon day evening." Then the following : " The news from the westward is such that it appears an Indian war is inevitable." We can now, after seventy-five years have come and gone, and all these men of affairs at that time are now in the " silent city," hardly realize what a senation this issue of the paper caused the whole county. The sober est sires, no doubt, read their paper, went to bed and dreamed dreams of Indian wars, bolting tickets and an advance one day forward in the week of the next paper. Think, even now, of that dreadful Merino Ticket, that a writer had said of the whole proceeding that it was " a shame, it was infamous." The war was all over, and now came 3* -'W'" \f J&& 4i£Z&gi4U, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 177 stirring times to old Bradford county. The two regular tickets are published each week in the paper, and there is not a word of comment as to either. This certainly will enable the editor to say, after the election is over, " nothing unpleasant was said by either of the other." It was the " bolter," or what we now sometimes call the " third party feller," the " kicker," etc., that called forth the wrath and indignation of the editor. It is a fine specimen of the old-time political ethics. In the next paper appears an editorial in which it is stated that Mr. M'Meens has declined being considered a candidate for Senator, and determined to throw his support to Gen. Welles, " as a measure most conducive to the success of the Republican cause." This left the contest between Welles and Mr. Stewart, and of the latter the paper proceeds to say he is " one whom every sense of propriety would prompt the -exclusion, being a man of neither political party, and equally to be shunned by both." Burr Ridgway publishes another " list of letters" in the Towanda postoffice, although the paper is still dated Monmouth. This list is curious because it designates the places in the county where the parties reside, and where there were not postoffices, as fol lows : Burlington, Canton, Columbia, Orwell, Pike, Smithfield, Sugar Creek and Ulster. A notice is given to the enrolled militia by Lemuel Streator, major. John E. Kent, it seems, was then in business in Towanda, and he gives notice to delinquent debtors. The paper of October 16, 1815, publishes the election returns for Bradford county. A footnote says, "have not received correct returns for Representative from Tioga county, but believe Samuel McKean to have a majority of about 115. Those elected in the county are sheriff, John Spalding, 2d, majority 22; coroner, Reuben Wilber, majority 113 ; commissioners, Solomon Bosworth, three years, and Nathaniel Allen, two years; auditor, Ethan Baldwin, majority 33. Then this explanatory paragraph is given : " It appears by the above that, had it not been for the reduction which they suffered by the 'Merino Ticket,' the Democratic Republicans would have carried every candidate by considerable majority." The highest total vote polled was a representative, 891 in the "county, Gregory leading McKean three votes, but as Tioga county was in the district that elected McKean. The vote on senator by townships was as follows : Ulster, and Athens township— Welles, 112, Stewart, 79 ; Cliffsburg— Welles, 104, Stewart, 11; Burlington— Welles, 46, Stewart, 20; Canton- Welles, 36, Stewart, 31 ; Towanda— Welles, 69, Stewart, 39 ; Wysox— Welles, 27, Stewart, 69; Orwell— Welles, 60, Stewart, 7; Pike- Welles, 38, Stewart, 10 ; Wyalusing— Welles, 80. Total, Welles, 572, Stewart. 266. This vote would indicate a population of about 4,400. It may be proper to explain at this point that, when the returns from Tioga county were in, Welles' majority in that county was 588. The total vote of Tioga county was: Welles, 2,231; Stewart, 1,643. Aaron Chubbuck, of Orwell, indulges in a somewhat facetious notice of his new goods, wagons, etc.: "Just received from old Connecticut, by the fast running carriage (wagon), and for sale at my house" in Orwell, about seven miles north of Squabble Hill street, a handsome assortment of cotton goods, etc." 10 178 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. The Gazette of October 30, 1815, has the first, second and third pages filled almost exclusively with news of the surrender of Napoleon and his banishment to St. Helena. The editor deems this so important that he indulges in another editorial calling attention to it. It is plainly evident that American sympathy all runs to Napoleon. This was the great plebian, and the allies were the born emperors and inheritors of the divine right to rule and oppress. Then, too, that most thoroughly hated England was one of the chief forces of the allied nations. The question had in some way shaped itself that the universal coalition of the crown heads of Europe were against Napoleon, in order to main tain the legitimacy of princes. This issue of the Gazette, if reprinted, in the hands of a skillful teacher would bring to the pupils many valu able hints concerning one of the greatest events of European history. Legitimacy in all the royal families despised Napoleon ; he was a bold* and rash intruder who came of the common herd, and they combined to crush him. Napoleon was a Democrat-king, but was no more a Republican or Democrat than were those of the oldest strain or the most regal houses. He not only had himself crowned emperor, but conferred crowns and dynasties on his family and friends. To marry one of his sisters was the easy road to a crown. He was a soldier- usurper, and would inflict upon the world his iron despotism, even to the sacrifice of bis Josephine. His boundless ambition was checked by no shadow of a scruple — worse, because of his genius, than the enfee bled legitimates in the royal nurseries. His military genius flamed across the sky in blinding splendor ; he had destroyed more men on the battle-field than had any man in all history, and was the teacher of his race in the arts of modern warfare, and was the dangerous enemy of his people, because a man to him was nothing but a soldier, and he was the friend of royalty — a moral outlaw, supreme in the genius of war. If he was of any permanent good to his fellow-man, it was not intentional on his part. He ruthlessly struck down royalty, and trampled upon the nation's idols. With equal contempt he spat upon the world's ignorant and deep-seated superstitions, but was careful in all cases, when he toppled either, to replace it with perhaps a far worse one. If consistent in anything, it was only one thing — his boundless and overwhelming ambition ; to this there was nothing that he was not eager to sacrifice. The Americans of that time saw only the Corsican contending single- handed in a death-struggle against the combined crowned heads of the Old World, and their deepest sympathies went out to the man who had risen from their own ranks. Soon a hundred years will have come and gone since his day and time. The partakers of the tremendous events of which he was the central figure have all joined the great majority and are with the silent multitude. We may now soon pause and properly estimate the advantages or the disadvantages to the race of the life and career of this man. The philosophy of his life, the permanent good or evil it left in the effects that have come, intentional or incidental, are all questions for the true historian to hunt out and give to the world. Extravagant eulogy or unreasoning condemnation HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 179 have now had their day so far as the history of Napoleon is concerned. The philosophy of history should now give us its true lesson. When Napoleon was sent to St. Helena there was but one thing that was most painfully apparent. The immediate outcome of this ambitious, turbulent man's career was that sunny, beautiful France was in the very dust, and the people were menaced withrannihilation or the most degraded slavery and suffering. The French have been designated the " volcanic people." They have called down upon their own heads unparalleled calamities ; single-handed, in war or in peace, for many centuries they had no equal; in literature, science, law, war, finance, polite culture and luxurious wealth, France was for centuries the central figure in the world's greatest eras. She has been overrun and despoiled by foreign enemies more than has any other people. Her invaders have despoiled her territory and levied tribute without limit, and when Napoleon became a prisoner the allies proclaimed that "Europe can never be safe while one particle of freedom is left in France; while anything but misery and slavery are left in that populous and extensive country." This sentiment should have shocked all mankind ; it was not only barbarous, but was brutal in the extreme. Infernal as it was, it came of a healthy fear that the French people would again rally and endanger the crowns of the other nations. The people of other nations had little to fear from France, it was simply the crowned heads. This was the shocking conditions of Europe less than a century ago, within the memory of many now living. To the good people of Bradford county, it is evident from the files of the Gazette Napoleon was France. Americans were not then so close to the idea that the people are everything, the rulers nothing, as we are now; they had far more faith in the idea that "there is a divinity that doth hedge about a King " than are now entertained ; in that dav more than now there was a blind worship of rulers, and government paternalism was but little questioned. Our fathers were too fresh from the thrall of the King's yoke to realize as fully as we can that a ruler is human and full of frailty ; that none are either all-wise or perfect, and that many are so far from being wise that they are vile and utterly bad through and through. The progress of this idea, that the people are always wiser and better than the ruler or rulers, has made the slowest progress in the world ; yet, when we compare centuries, then it can be seen that it is progressive. Teach your children, that they may teach their children, to speed the day when this idea of freedom will be a practical reality to all men, the humblest equally with the highest. November 6, 1815, Joseph D. Woodworth, of Athens, announces that he has opened an " axe factory " at the shop of John Redington, " where people wishing can be furnished with axes equal, if not superior, to any of the Hyde stamp, as the subscriber got his informa tion from Mr. Hyde." In the next week's issue the paper opens with a four-column extract from Corbeifs Register, concerning the actions, doings and sayings of the Hartford Convention. The article attacks the Federal ists, that is, some of the leaders, with much intensity of feeling. He 180 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. refers to a paper then published called " The Times," and explains that a quotation is taken from that paper, published immediately after the adjournment of the Hartford Convention, and among other things is the following : " What ! " said the Times newspaper, " is THAT ALL ! We expected a division of the Union to be declared at once, or at least the impeachment of Madison and his associates." The Gazette contents itself with the extract, and does not indulge in a word of editorial, either about politics or anything else. But, after all, the issue is an instructive lesson for our young men who are on the threshhold of their political lives. The next week's issue, following, is also suggestive of some of the ideas of that time on political economy. The paper opens on the first page with a long extract from the New York National Advocate, under the caption of " Specie." It proceeds to tell how a million dollars had just been sent from New York, and it is darkly hinted that it is to go to Canada. The writer says it was shipped by * * and * [he puts the names thus, he says, because, not having complete personal knowledge, he declines the risk of becoming responsible for the publication of names], and then he proceeds to say that it is surmised that this money is to be used "for the purpose of building fortifications on Lake Cbamplain, and building men-of-war on Lake Ontario. * * The sum wanted for Canada, for which sterling bills on London have been sold, is perhaps but a part ; three or four millions more may yet remain to be purchased. Guard well your hard dollars — watch the enemy, and beware of tlie foul fiend ! " This was a serious matter, evidently, at that time. Our fathers then, like all the world, supposed it a most vital matter of government to watch the going and coming of " your hard dollars." But little more than a century ago, a nation thought it quite the proper thing to declare war against its neighbor in order to bring back the gold of the country; the government thought it was responsible for keeping " the hard dollars " in its own country. All wealth was the miser's idea of " the hard dollars." They could not understand that money is not wealth ; that it is but a measure of wealth, that there is no more wealth in the coin itself than in the yard sticks or the surveyor's chains. The yard stick neither adds to nor takes from the value of the cloth ; no more does the surveyor's chain add to the acres of land it measures off. This instance of alarm of our fathers is a double lesson to us: first, it is plain that they were mistaken as to the purview of government ; second, that the going and coming of money among peoples is simply like that of water flowing down hill, or the wind blowing always toward the point of least obstruction, or the vacuum. * * Then follows another extract quite as interesting : "We have been put in possession of a copy of the petition of the cotton manufacturers of Providence to Congress, for the prohibition, by law, of the importation of all cotton goods (nankeena excepted), the product of places beyond the Cape of Good Hope, and for additional duties on other coarse cottons. They state that in a circle of thirty miles from Providence, there are no less than one hundred and forty manufactories, containing 130,000 spindles ; that they consume 29,000 bales of cotton annually, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 181 which produce 27,840,000 yards of cloth. * * The persons em ployed are compted at 26,000." The intelligent student of American political history can perhaps trace the footsteps of that petition of the good people of Providence, in 1815, to the celebrated McKinley tariff bill of 1890 — seventy-five years intervening — and yet the little leaven leavened the whole lump, and after all this time it is a problem as to whether the question is approaching final settlement or receding from it. The issue of November 27, 1815, gives an account of a dreadful accident at Towanda, which occurred on Saturday at the ferry. Mrs. Minthorne, wife of Walter S. Minthorne, and two of her children, aged one and two years, were drowned while crossing in the ferry boat. The boat sprung a leak and quickly sunk. Mr. Minthorne and three passen gers, it is said, escaped — one carried ashore by a horse and cart, another on a horse, and another by having a paddle that enabled him to reach the shore. The woman and one of the children were soon recovered, but the other child was not found till the next morning. This paper also announces the marriage of William Means, Jr., with Miss Eunice Hewitt, by Burr Ridgway. It also gives the "state of parties in the Pennsylvania Legislature, as follows : Senate — Republicans, 20 ; Feder alists, 11 ; Representatives— Republicans, 74 ; Federalists, 23 (one seat in dispute)." The week following, it gives an account of a fatal accident, causing the death of Benjamin Martin, of Wysox. He had fallen from his horse, and after lingering 21 hours, died. He left a widow and four small children. . . . William Means, treasurer, gives notice to delin quent collectors. Walter Wheeler publishes the " Third and Last Call " to all those who are in debt for blacksmithing. He says, " all work and no pay makes the purse light and empties the meal barrel." The rhythm is lost, but the truth is strictly preserved. December 25 (Christmas), 1815, the paper opens with the message of Gov. Simon Snyder to the Legislature — filling seven columns. This is followed by part first (" continued next week ") of the Presi dent's message. Both announce an " honorable peace with England." [Peace was concluded in February preceding.] The Governor gives a brief resume of affairs in France, from the triumphant return of Napoleon from Elba, and then the invasion, and the overthrow of this remarkable man by the allied powers, and pictures the horror and sufferings of France, and gives expression to the profoundest sympa thies for the people of that country. He attributes much of its calami ties to the division among her people, and from this draws a lesson for Americans. " Shall those awful dispensations of Providence pass before us without our being deeply impressed with the baleful conse quences of being a divided people? We must unite upon national grounds — we must cherish a national spirit and become a united peo ple, or the day may come when we, like the people of France, in sack cloth and ashes, may weep over the ruins of our unhappy and dismem bered country. * * * Let us be wise, and profit by the experi ence of ages." This was very timely and good doctrine from the wise and good Governor of the State. It was pregnant with the 182 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. broadest statesmanship, and the Gazette did well in publishing it, laying it before the Bradford county readers in significant contrast with the Times newspaper's discordant utterings about the Hartford Convention. . . . The same paper has a proclamation signed by John B. Gibson, President Judge, addressed to the public, reciting that Joseph Tyler, of Athens township, had made complaint to the court that ne had been disturbed in the lawful enjoyment of his estate, etc.; and commanding all trespassers to desist under pain of severe punish ment from the court. ... In the next column is a remarkable editorial in large job type, and is under the head : ••Property — two thousand six hundred and twenty-nine bales of cotton, says the Savannah^ Republican, arrived by water yesterday from Augusta, the value of which, allowing 26£ cents a pound (current price to-day) and 270 pounds to the bale, amounts to $188,104.95." Then, in brackets, " [Imported into England this cotton would contrib ute to the English revenue 8s. per 100 lbs., or 250 1. 12s. — While the nation that produced it would not profit one cent.] " The paper of January 1, 1816, has this very interesting scrap of history, which parties contemplating a visit to Washington City soon would do well to copy and take along, and by reading it on the spot and examining our capitol, it would give one a bird's-eye view of the growth of America since that time : " The house on Capitol Hill, commonly called the New Capitol, which was built by a company for the use of Congress, if the honorable body should think proper to accept it, until the capitol is finished (and it appears they have) stands at the corner of First street and Maryland avenue. The chamber for the Senate is on the first floor; it is fifteen feet high, twenty-five feet six inches wide, and forty-five feet long. A gallery is attached to this chamber which takes up no room. On the second floor is the chamber intended for the House of Representatives ; it is seven ty-seven feet long, forty- five feet wide and twenty feet high, and also has a gallery. * * * The spot on which this spacious building stands was a cabbage garden on the morning of the 4th of July — in the afternoon of that day the digging was commenced. At that time the stone employed in the structure was not quarried ; the clay of which the bricks are made was in its native state, and all the principal timbers were then standing in the woods." . . . Then is found a communication addressed " To Mr. Printer, " and signed " T." It fills about half a column, and purports to be from some man who was " passing through your vil lage, traveling for amusement," and in the bar-room of the hotel heard the natives talking over affairs, particularly some " strange animals that had recently made their appearance in the county." These old fellows were "laying bates" to catch some of these animals, if possible. The traveler gathered something like the following description of these "animals," mentioned as " being either from Ireland or Irish extract, some Dutch and some mongrel. * * * Some of them had no mouth, and some were all mouth, some without a head, and others were all head, and what is most remarkable they are said to have the power of emiting something having the appearance of paper cur rency, 'tis said they burrough in the ground or live in the cliffs of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 183 rocks." Was this sarcasm ? . . . The announcement is made that the Governor has appointed Lemuel Streator Justice of tbe Peace for the district of Orwell. . . . Burr Ridgway opens the new year with another "letter-list" in which are named six parties in Towanda, two in Canton, one in Windham, one in Sugar creek, one in Smithfield, and one in Bradford county, to whom letters are addressed. . . . Darius Bullock, of Smithfield, administrator of Nehemiah Tracy, gives notice concerning the estate. The issue of January 15, 1816, has this one editorial : " No mail was received from the southward last week, in consequence of which it is out of our power to present to the readers of the Gazette any of the recent proceedings of Congress or the State Legislature." Simon Kinney, treasurer, gives notice to those collectors who have not settled up their duplicates, etc. . . Paul Beck, Jr., R. A. Cald- cleuh and William Poyntell, executors of the estate of William Poyn- tell, deceased, of Philadelphia, give notice. . . Jacob Bowman advertises about a " red heifer." . . Burr Ridgway, Nathaniel Allen, Salmon Bosworth, commissioners, give notice of "days of appeal:" In Ulster, at the house of Obadiah Gore ; Athens, at the house of D'Alanson Saltmarsh ; Smithfield, at the house of James Gerould ; Springfield, at the house of Samuel Campbell ; Wells, at the house of Yine Baldwin ; Columbia, at the house of Charles. Taylor ; Burling ton, at the house of Ebenezer Kendall ; Canton, at the house of Benjamin Stone; Wyalusing, at Justus Gaylord's; Pike, at Josiah Bos- worth's ; Warren, at James Brown's; Windham, at Jeptha Brainard's ; Orwell, at Lemuel Streator's ; Wysox, at William Myers' ; Asylum, at Bartholomew Laporte's. . . Thomas B. Beebe & Co., of Orwell, advertise saddles and bridles for sale. . . . S. & B. McKean, of Burlington, give notice to pay up. . . So does Augustus Pearce, of Wysox. . . John Spalding 2d, has a proclamation as sheriff, calling a session of the court, that of course winds up with " God save the Commonwealth" The next issue of the paper gives notice that Simon Kinney has been appointed treasurer by the commissioners. . . Col. Harry Spalding gives notice of a contested election in the seventh company, militia, concerning the election of Samuel Gilbert, as captain. . . Rhoda Saltmarsh, administrator, gives notice concerning the estate of John Saltmarsh, deceased, of Athens. . . Darius Bullock gives notice concerning estate of Stephen Titus. . . The collector of revenue, of the Twentieth District, gives notice that he will attend at the prothonotary's office, Towanda, for the purpose of "receiving the entry of carriages, etc., agreeably to an act of Congress." One of the political questions of that day was gold and silver vs. paper currency. In time, Benton was called " Old Bullion," and men talked about " Mint Drops," meaning the hard money that came from the Mint. This will explain a notice in the Gazette at this time, taken from the United States Gazette,, commencing, " Two Whole Families Lost! — Mr. Eagle and Mr. Dollar, who, a few years ago, were much seen in the United States, supposed to be native Americans. A generous reward is offered, payable at Treasury Department, Wash- 184 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ington, or at any of the Forty Banks," etc. More sarcasm, it is supposed. This, too, sounds a little like the modern political discussion in the papers about demonetizing silver. After the issue of February 12, 1816, there is no other paper until March 4, following. In fact there were frequent irregularities in getting out the weekly issues about this time. The explanation of this is made in the paper of the latter date ; "owing to the young man that I had in the office having left me very unexpectedly, at a time when it was necessary I should be absent from home, I have not been able to issue the paper regularly." The editor dates this paper, " Williamston," having now dropped " Monmouth." . . . Then follows an extract referring to Virginia's House of Delegates formu lating a plan to establish free schools in that State, and punches up the Pennsylvania Assembly for its neglec.t on this subject. The issue of March 4, 1816, is an unusually lively one. It has an editorial, a very short one, some catching communications, as well as interesting advertisements. For instance : " Nuptials — The affluent leap year Vincent quick without tears." Then follows the announcement of the marriage at Asylum, by Charles Brown, of James P. Quick to the accomplished Miss Maria Yincent. . . . And then is given the marriage at Warren, by Burr Ridgway, of Arun ah Case and Mrs. Sally Wate. . . ."The Balti more Gazette addresses Col. Samuel Satterlee," through its col umns, which is copied in the Gazette- of Towanda, a communica tion containing "some curious subjects; It Opens with -the sentence that when great, men die much is said about it; in Virginia they are talking of building a Pyramid, but the writer suggests these are of no use since the arts'ano- sciences have been cultivated. He then proceeds toinform Col. Satterlee that many of the Virginia- revolution ary ¦"¦ volunteers could not read;nor write, and concludes that he wants the Colonel to give him information " of the exact number of Republi cans and their names our [the] county lost in the various battles and skirmishes in which the brave army of the North were' engaged." An article is copied from a Washington paper which contains the information that the Legislature of Virginia had proposed to request permission to remove the remains of Gen. Washington to Richmond, and the State, by private subscription, would erect a suitable monu ment. ... A three-line item announces that "we learn that postage on letters and newspapers will be reduced to the old standard, from and after the 31st. . . . AdamConly addresses all printers in the United States, making anxious inquiries for Joseph Conly, a young man two years since departed from this place" (Towanda). " He had some knowledge ofthe printing business. The parents of the aforesaid Joseph have a keen sensation for their son." Then any person having any knowledge of the youth is implored to furnish it to the afflicted family. Andrew Irwin, of Towanda, advertises for an apprentice " to the tanning and currying business." . . . Billings Clerk notifies the world that " my wife, Charlotte, without any provocation," has left the ranch. . Alphonso C. Stuart has a notice that the accounts of Andrew mil ^1 \ ¦» 1 PwW;'^# : Sfc$ '" ;< - :- j« ":;. / HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 187 Haslett are in his hands for collection. . . August Pearce, of Wysox, has a like notice to all persons indebted to him. . . . Then follows a statement of the balances due from collectors, January 1, 1815, of the different townships in the county. The list of collectors is given as follows : Wyalusing, Simeon Marsh, Uriah Terry, John Hollenback; Pike, Josiah Bosworth, Salmon Bradshaw ; Orwell, Orcut Grant, Lemuel Streator; Wysox, Hiram Mix, W. F. Dinninger ; Ulster, George Kinney, Samuel Marshall, Elisha Satterlee; Athens, John Spalding (2d), Stephen Hopkins, Conklin Baker; Smithfield, James Gerould, Darius Bullock ; Burlington, Nathaniel Ballard, James Col- kins; Canton, Isaac Wooster, Samuel Griffin, William Means; To wanda, John Mints, Jacob Bowman ; Warren, Parley Coburn, James Bower ; Windham, Darius Brainard, Levi Brainard ; Columbia, Rufus Pratt, Samuel Ballard ; Murraysfield, Joseph Grace ; Springfield, John Barber ; Wells, Jonathan Kent, Joseph Parker. [It should be stated that these included those collectors who owed a balance for either of the years 1813-'14-'15. — Ed\] There is an extract from a New .York paper, stating that the Legislature of that State had incor porated, a company "to open water communication between Seneca lake and the Chemung branch of the Susquehanna river by means of a canal." The article is headed, " Seneca and Susquehanna lock navigation." Thus opening " water communication from Lake Ontario to the Chesapeake, through the heart of Pennsylvania." This must have been a stupendous piece of news to the good people of Bradford, but the editor is content to make the simple extract from his exchange without a display head-line or a word of comment. In the news coming from Harrisburg is given an account of the proceedings in reference to the building of the Susquehanna and Tioga turnpike road. This was merely a petition to incorporate the com pany, and asking the State to subscribe for $10,000 of the stock thereof. In the Legislature one very important move was made by Mr. McKean of Bradford county. The resolution recited that "great inconveniences has [have] arisen in consequence of individuals holding large tracts of unimproved lands within this commonwealth, and the titles thereto been kept so secret as to render it very difficult to ascer tain correctly what lands were vacant or what were not." It proceeded to recite that in many cases people were deceived into making valu able improvements on such lands, supposing they were public lands, etc. It concluded with a resolve asking that a committee be appointed to investigate and ascertain to what indemnification such people were entitled. . . . Another act introduced was " to authorize the Gov ernor to incorporate a company for making an artificial road from Henry Hews', in Lycoming county, to Aaron Bloss', in the county pf Tioga." . . . From Washington there is a report that " the ques tion is at length settled in the popular branch of the National Legisla ture that the Direct Tax shall be continued for one year at least; at the end of which time the question will again return to them." This paper concludes on the fourth page with some interesting items from unhappy and dismembered France. Among others is a letter from Murat to his wife and children on the day he was executed 188 HISTORY" OF BRADFORD COUNTY. It is dated Pizzo, October 15, 1815. This is followed by along letter from Marshal Moncey to Louis XVIII., pleading eloquently for a court- martial to try Ney, and not simply to execute him without trial, at the request of the allies. Moncey wrote in the face of danger of death that his act might bring himself, but he spoke bravely, and concludes with the statement that if his plea for justice to a great soldier brings disgrace and death upon himself, he will go to his grave content, and he says to his King : " I may say, sire, with one of your ancestors — •all is lost, except honor?" The next issue of the paper has a communication from a " New England " correspondent addressed to a Boston paper, in which the writer calls upon the Congressional caucus of the Republicans to put in nomination James Monroe for President, and Simon Snyder for Vice-president. The issue of March 25th following has the first and second pages filled' with news from France. The opening article is a communica tion from a Bradfordite of five and a quarter columns, signed "B * *in" [Who could the writer have been? — Ed.], devoted entirely to the execution of Marshal Ney. The writer calls it " Ney's solilo quy before death, with his farewell to his family." This is followed by five more columns all about the doings of the allies in France. Then is given the new postage law passed by Congress, 'February 1, 1816 : Single letters composed of one piece of paper, not exceeding 40 miles, 8 cents ; over 90 miles, 10 cents; over 150 miles, 12£ cents ; over 300 miles, 20 cents ; over 500 miles, 25 cents. Double letters, that is, two sheets, double rates. . . . Elias Needham, Jr., of Smithfield, offers his farm of 78 acres of valuable land for sale ; has a good orchard with hewed-log house, etc. It is on the public road from Tioga Point to Tioga river. . . James Arnold, administrator of the estate of William Arnold, deceased, gives notice. . . The editor says: "Maple sugar wanted." . . A communication says that "there are now living in Ulster township, Mr. Eligh Horton, and Jemima, his wife, who have living 12 children, 74 grandchildren, 23 great-grandchildren — total, 109. Mr. and Mrs. Horton are in good health — he takes care of his stock of horses and cattle, breaks his own colts, cuts his own wood ; while Mrs. Horton performs the household duties without assistance. Their eldest child has 9 children and 12 grandchildren. The article is signed "K." . . The death of "Electy " Newell is announced. . . Burr Ridgway and Nathaniel Allen, commissioners,publish their annual financial statement of county affairs. Total expenditures for the county for the year 1815, $7,365.28. March 11, 1816, a meeting was convened in Harrisburg of the members of the Assembly, for the purpose of nominating a ticket of Democratic Republicans of the State as electors in the then approach ing National election. Two of the candidates chosen were from Brad ford county, namely : Col. Samuel Satterlee and Charles F. Welles. And a committee of correspondence was chosen, and the members for Bradford were Satterlee and Welles, and also John Hollenback. Instead of this now being done by the members of the Legislature, there is called a State Convention ; delegates are sent from each county, and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 189 this State Convention, after putting electors in the field, sends its dele- fates to the National Convention. Political machinery has grown to e Vast, complicated and expensive, and it is not certain that this has materially bettered it. CHAPTER X. PROGRESS IN CIVIL ORGANIZATION. When this was Montgomery County, Connecticut — A Part of the Seventeen Townships — The Two Original Townships Along the River Made Three, Four, Etc. — Bradford County Formed as Ontario County — Changed to Bradford — Its Organization and Civil Progress— Contestants for County Seat — Original Town ships and Election Districts — Petitions for New County — To be Called Hiram— Others Wanted it Called Loraine — Nonsense of Hunting for Indian Names for Places — A Possible Vision, Standing on Table Eock — Amusing Gerrymander — Etc. THE careful reader of a preceding chapter, entitled "The Seventeen Townships," will there see that all the proper steps were once taken to make this part of Pennsylvania, including not only what is now Bradford county, but a large portion of several surrounding coun ties, a part of the civil government of Connecticut under the name of "Westmoreland county. While, in fact, this was a war measure on the part of the Connecticut settlers, in the wars of the "Pennamites and Yankees," precipitated by that trouble and intended mainly to strengthen the cause of the Connecticut claimants to the soil, it would have resulted, had there been no terms of conciliation offered by Penn sylvania, in making very different history of this locality from that we are now called upon to record. Within what is now Bradford county was originally four town ships laid off and surveyed as Connecticut claims, to wit: Athens, commencing at the north line of the State and extending on both sides of the river to a point below the river junction, nearly an exact square lying due north and south. Ulster joined this on the south, the river running near its center. Claverack was below this, a vacant space between the two, and while nearly square did not run with the cardinal points of the com pass ; it lay slightly to the northeast and southwest. Springfield was below this; a vacant space of nearly ten miles existing; was a square, but this reversed the lay of Claverack, being slightly northwest and southeast. The northwest corner of Wyom ing county enters just over what was the south line of this townsliip — a very small point of land. The river ran through all these townships, intended to take in nearly an equal portion of the fertile bottom-lands on each side. 190 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. All the original pioneers followed the Indian idea of securing, as the best farming lands, the valleys along the river. In time the high waters in the river drove many to the hills. There were selected the places for their farms and judged the wealth of the soil by the places where they found the heaviest timber. And now it is easy to tell where were once the heaviest forest growths, by the age of the farm improvements. It was on the streams the savages had burned away the forests, and had their small truck patches. It is difficult now to conceive how scant these evidences of civilization were, yet they were the meager footprints to the restless, hardy pioneers that caused Rudolph Fox, the first white settler in what is now Bradford county, to settle in the rich and beautiful valley at the mouth of Towanda creek. The first were along the Susquehanna river of course, and then the hunters would follow up the creeks to their source, that were nature's surveys to guide them back to their cabins after chasing the long day the game in the dark and trackless forests, and in this way soon the lone settlers were building their log huts on the banks of these small streams. In the early occupation of these straggling pioneers, the older settlements along the seashore swarmed something after the fashion of the bee-hive, and men started West to settle, live and strug gle and breed new swarms to " go West, young man, and grow up with the country." There is no great movement of mankind, there is no peaceful movement with the honest, single purpose of making homes and winning farm lands, that is or may be comparable to that of the landing of the people on our Atlantic shores, and in less than the one hundred years spanning the continent from ocean to ocean with a cordon of civilization that in all that is grand, noble and good may challenge all history. Without finger-boards in the limitless forests, without precepts and examples on civilization's long and often dark and gloomy highway, they came, bankrupt in all save courageous hope; conquerors and conquering, and as picket-guards of the forlorn hope of the human race, lived and died. A great and brave people, unwashed and uncombed, in rawhide moccasins,leather jerkins and coon- skin caps, and the old match-lock cast-iron guns ; in courage grand and in faith sublime, and, with never a quiver of fear, they left their bones to bleach on the hill-sides and in the mountain gorges, or to bear the marks of the sharp teeth of the wild animals that gathered them for their cubs in the caves and rock-ribbed dens. Here may be found the great, real men of modern history — men, the effect of whose lives will live forever, growing, ever growing, broadening and expanding over the whole earth.. The student of history may ever turn here for valu able lessons, and while the true heroes may be nameless and their bones unshriven, their great work remains, the one eternal monument that time can not corrode, the elements dim nor the concensus of human intelligence forget. The " Seventeen Townships " (there were in fact eighteen) contin ued on down the river to what is now the eastern line of Columbia county, and, when their skeleton outlines are drawn on the map, look something like a class' work in geometry on the blackboard. Nearly all of them are pervaded by the river, or have a frontage thereon, but HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 191 not every one. The names of the townships somewhat in their order as you proceed south from Bradford county are as follows : Braintram, Putnam, Northumberland, Exeter, Kingstown, Bedford, Providence, Pittstown, Plymouth, Wilkes-Barre, Hanover, Newport, Salem and Huntington. Bucks county was one of the original counties of the province, and all this part of Pennsylvania was a part thereof. Northampton county was formed March 11, 1752, out of part of Bucks county, including all this portion of the State. Northumberland county was formed March 27, 1772, and then this was a part of that county's territory. Luzerne county was formed September 25, 1786, when all of the territory of Bradford county was a part thereof. Lycoming county was formed April 13, 1796, and this took a por tion of what is Bradford county. Bradford county was formed of parts of Luzerne and Lycoming counties, February 21, 1810 — named in the act creating it Ontario county. It seems there were no immediate steps toward its civil organ ization until the early part of the year 1812. March 24, 1812, by act of the Legislature, the name of the county was changed from Ontario to Bradford — simultaneous with the move ment to vitalize or perfect the original act creating it. Section 1 of the act of the Legislature of 1810 provides as follows : That the parts of the counties of Luzerne and Lycoming which are included within the following lines, to wit : Beginning at the fortieth mile-stone standing on the north line of the State and running south to a point due east of the head of Wyalus ing falls, in the river Susquehanna; thence southwesterly lo the nearest point of the Lycoming county line ; thence in a direct line to the southwest corner of Tioga county, at the Beaver dam, on Towanda creek ; thence northerly along the east line of Tioga county to the eighteenth mile-stone standing On the north line of the State ; thence east along the said line of the State to the fortieth mile-stone, or the place of beginning, be and is hereby erected into a separate county, to be henceforth called Ontario county. And the place of holding courts of justice in and for said county shall be fixed by three commissioners to be appointed by the Governor at any place at a distance not exceed ing seven miles from the center of the county, which may be most convenient and ben eficial to the same. Section 3 makes the usual provision for the jurisdiction of the courts and provides that, "until the enumeration ofthe taxable inhabit ants thereof, and until it shall be otherwise directed by law," the county was annexed to the counties of Luzerne and Lycoming, and the authority of judges shall extend over and shall operate and be effect ual, and the electors of said counties shall continue to elect at the same places and with the counties of Luzerne and Lycoming. The Governor was required to appoint three trustees for the new county, who were to receive proposals in writing for the grant or con veyance of any land for fixing the place of holding courts. The trustees were to report the offers they might receive to the commission ers from time to time, and it was the duty of the latter to fix the place. The name Bradford was in honor of William Bradford, Jr., who was attorney-general of Pennsylvania, commissioned, the first in that office, June 9, 1791. The change of name was more of a concession on the part of the Connecticut settlers, who, however, it seems, were well pleased with the fair treatment they believed they had received from 193 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Attorney-General Bradford. This man was in a position where he could have struck severe bloAvs had his nature been overbearing or tyrannical towards the claimants, or in the settlement of disputes in the seventeen townships. He was afterward Attorney-General of the United States. Returning a little in the chronological order, it is well enough to here explain that in 1783 what was the settlers' portion of Bradford county became known as Stokes District. That year the State had appointed Joseph Montgomery, William Montgomery and Moses McLean commissioners to proceed to the Wyoming valley, establish peace, if possible, among the inhabitants, and organize some kind of civil government. In the discharge of this duty they laid off in April, 1783, the Wyoming settlements into three townships, called Wyoming, Shawanese and Stokes ; the latter included what is now Bradford county. A report by William Gray, surveyor, in that year describes a tract of land surveyed for John Lawson on the 10th day of October, 1783, as " situate joining land surveyed for Job Chilloway and others at Wyalusing in Stokes township, Northumberland county." From this new civil district it was more than sixty miles to the nearest justice of the peace, so if any of Rudolph Fox's family had desired to marry, even after all the usual awful trouble of courtship, getting ma's and pa's consent, and going perhaps to Philadelphia to get the license, there would have still remained the matter of a week or more journey to find a squire to bind the knot. Anything like such obstructions to marriage in these days would no doubt have a most serious effect on the marriage returns in the census reports. The first civil government really established in what is now Brad ford county was December 27, 1787, when by act of the Legislature an election was provided for for this part of Luzerne county. Col.Nathan Dennison was chosen to the Supreme Executive Council; John Franklin, member of Assembly ; and Lord Butler, high sheriff. Col. Timothy Pickering was appointed prothonotary, and William Hooker Smith, Benjamin Carpenter, James Nesbit, Timothy Pickering, Mathias Hol lenback, Nathan Kingsley and Obadiah Gore, justices of the peace and of the court of common pleas of the county. This was really the first time the people along the north branch of the Susquehanna river ever had representation in the State Legislature, and had courts of their own choosing. At the June session, 1788, the court proceeded to divide Luzerne county into districts for the election of justices of the peace. Those lying within what is Bradford county were as follows : I. From the upper line of the county to the place at which the road crosses Roswell Franklin's mill-creek, near Mr. Lanning's, in Wysox, by an east and west line, comprehending both sides of the river, to be called the First District- — one justice. II. From the last-mentioned line to the mouth of Wysox creek,by an east and west line, comprehending both sides of the river, to be called the Second District — one justice. III. From the last-mentioned line to the mouth of Teague's creek, by an east and west line, comprehending both sides of the river, to be oalled the Third District — one justice. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 193 The justices commissioned in these three districts, respectively (the ones within Bradford county), were Noah Murray, Obadiah Gore and Nathan Kingsley. At the Wilkes-Barre Court, March, 1790, it was ordered that Luzerne county be divided into eleven townships : 1. Tioga, commencing at the north line of the State and extending from the east line to the west line of the county, and on the south by an east and west line which shall strike the Standing Stone. 2. Wyalusing, bounded north by the south line of Tioga, and on the south by an east and west line passing through the mouth of Meshoppen creek, and extending east and west through the county. Thus Tioga included all of Bradford county from the north line, a distance a little more than eighteen miles south. And Wyalusing was the same east and west, and extended south a little more than ten miles. This was all of Bradford county, except a small point that was south of the south line of Wyalusing, and was in Tunkhannock. Wysox. — In April, 1795, Tioga was divided on the prayer of the people to that effect, and the part taken off became Wysox. The divis ion was on an east and west line passing through a small stream on the east side of the Susquehanna, southwesterly of Breakneck; the north part remained Tioga and the south part Wysox. At the November session, 1796, a petition signed by Simon Spalding and others, prayed the court for another division of Tioga. Thereupon, Elisha Satterlee, Moses Coolbaugh and Simon Spalding were appointed to examine the subject and report at the next term of the court. January 17, 1797, they reported, unanimously agreeing to the division " on the line dividing between Athens and Ulster [the old Connecticut survey], then extending on an east and west line as the line of Ulster and Athens doth extend." The north township was now called Athens, and the south one Ulster. And thus the old historic " Tioga " was dropped — Tioga seems yet the natural name of the point of confluence of the two rivers. Thus the century closed. What is Bradford county had four town ships: Athens, Ulster, Wysox and Wyalusing — very long east and west, and about six miles wide each. The First Gerrymander. — The art of gerrymandering is a peculiar American institution. As is well known, it is a trick by which territory is sometimes divided up after the manner of a crazy quilt; or, a " shoe-string district " is formed that the party in control may gain great advantages over the enemy. A Democratic State or a Repub lican State, or any other fellow who may happen to be in control when the whole is to be again re-districted, figures out the minority with a skill that is amusing, on the principle that all is fair in war, horse- racing or politics. For instance, in one of the Southern States, after "reconstruction" times, and the Democrats were again in power, they found that the negroes could outvote the whites on a fair vote, so they made a " shoe-string district " and put the blacks nearly all together, and allowed them to have that one district, unanimously as it were, and the whites took all the balance. Thus a district might wind around over the State, and be two or three hundred miles -long, as crooked as a crooked dog's crooked hind leg, and it might in some places be not 194 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. much wider than a race track. Thus a candidate for Congress in such a gerrymandered district, in order to visit all parts of his district, would require an able corps of engineers to keep on the correct trail. This is " smart " politics, so accounted in this country by the fellow that is "in," but is considered downright political rascality always by the fellow " out." All parties have invariably practiced it, whenever the opportunity offered. " Shake not thy gory locks at me — thou cans't not say I did it." Upon the principle of " you're another" — or the kettle must not upbraid the pot for being black, this rather disreputable, practice, really swind ling the honest voters, has been and will continue to be difficult to rid ourselves of — the outgrowth of the everlasting struggle for office from dog-catcher to President. This original gerrymander was one against an individual, and not a numerous class of voters, and it occurred April 3, 1804, and was a legislative thunderbolt directed at Col. John Franklin. This man was the leader of the " Connecticut claimants," and in that bitter and long controversy he was no common or diminutive figure, but was literally " a thorn in the side " of what was, in those days, termed the " Penn sylvania land-jobbers." The voters of Luzerne county would elect Franklin to the Legislature year after year, and the " Pennamites " could make no combination for his overthrow; so on the day above named they determined by act of the Legislature to gerrymander him out of office. He had been persecuted, thrown in prison, chained and brutally treated, and impeached for high crimes and treason, but his neighbors only the more and more honored and respected him. So the act provided that that part of Luzerne county, including Franklin's residence, be struck off of Luzerne and attached to Lycoming county. Col; Franklin was a member, and present when the original bill was introduced. There was no secret made of the purpose of the bill, and something of the nature and daring of the man is seen in the fact that, as drawn, the bill had made a mistake and drew the line so as not to change Franklin into the other county. He immediately arose and notified them of the mistake, and told them how they could change the same so as to include his residence. It was so amended, and became a law, and the Legislature congratulated itself that it had " killed Cock Robin." But, without a break in the record, he appeared fresh and smiling at the very next session of the Legislature. The sifter in that case wouldn't carry water, and the world was given an illustrious instance of poetic justice. Election Districts. — As early as 1785, September 13, an act Avas passed dividing the several counties into election districts. The county of Northumberland was divided into four districts, and the townships of Turbet, Mahoning, Wyoming, Shawanee and Stokes became the sec ond, and these people were required to all vote at the town of Nor thumberland. This was doing the " high sovereign act " by the good people of Bradford under great difficulties. Miner's history relates the fact that Capt. Simon Spalding and twenty others repaired to Northumberland, some of them traveling one hundred miles or more, and none of them less than sixty miles, to reach the nearest place of .^^»®?Mi3Sl' fi ' - illsi HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 197 voting. After taking the oath of allegiance, their ballots were depos ited in separate boxes, lest they should oe deemed irregular; this caused it to be known for whom they voted. It so happened that parties were so evenly divided that these twenty-four votes decided the elec tion of a member of the Supreme Executive Council, two representatives to the Assembly and the sheriff. September 7, 1789, by an act making new election districts for Luzerne county, " all that part beginning at the north line of the State and extending down and including both sides of the Susquehanna river, to a line east and west across the county at Wyalusing falls, shall be an election district " — called Tioga ; the voters to meet at the, house of Simon Spalding, and hold elections. This election district included all of now Bradford and Susquehanna counties — to meet at Simon Spalding's. Elections, though now improved, were still not as convenient as the fellow's pocket in his shirt. Three years after this convenient arrangement, March 29, 1792, Wyalusing district was struck off from Tioga and Tunkhannock dis trict. Its boundary was as follows: Beginning at the mouth of Wy sox creek, following down and including both sides of the river Susquehanna, to the mouth of Meshoppen creek. The freemen were, in this new district, to hold their elections at the house of Isaac Han cock. This was changed to the house of Justus Gavlord, Jr., March 17, 1802. The Wyalusing district was again changed April 10, 1799, by a dividing line east and west, crossing at Breakneck, thence following down the river to Rummerfield creek, to an east and west line through the county at that point. The electors in the new district to meet at the house of William Means, in Wysox township. The election law of 1800 directed that all that part of the county included in Wyalusing, Wysox, Tioga and Willingborough, begin ning at a point due east from Standing Stone: thence north to the forty-first milestone on the north line of the State; thence east to the boundary line, the twenty-eighth milestone; thence south until it intersects a line due east from the place of beginning, was made an election district, called Rindaw; electors to meet at the house of Eze- kiel Hyde. April 3, 1804, Tioga, in Luzerne, was made a separate election dis trict; to meet at the house of Thomas Berry. In 1805, Burlington election district was formed, and so called ; electors to meet at the house occupied by Nathaniel Allen. Orwell district was formed April 11, 1807 ; meetings at the house of Josiah Grant. Cleftsburg district was formed March 28, 1808, out of that portion of Lycoming county now Bradford ; meetings at the house of John Cummings — changed to the house of WilliamFurman, March 20, 1810. Wysox was formed into a separate election district, March, 1808, at the house of Amos Mix. Canton township became an election district, meeting at the house of Joseph Wallace, March, 1810. With the beginning of the century the people began to agitate the n 198 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. subject of a neAV county. The road to the then county-seat was not only long, but horrid, and there was no fun in going to law by the good people toward the northern State line. Then there were the old disputes over the land claims, and the Connecticut settlers instinctively felt that the farther south they went in matters of land disputes, the worse they fared. These "half-share men," poor fellows, as they were, were between the devil and the deep sea. The " compromise " and " intrusion " laws passed by the State had satisfied the old settlers or claimants, Avho now favored these laws, and that divided the Connecticut people, and there fore the " half-share men " found themselves being attacked in front and rear, or, in other words, the Connecticut people were now " a house divided against itself." As these laws went into effect, friends became more and more arrayed against each other, and soon there were in many places neighbor against neighbor in open hostility. In a lucky moment the happy inspiration came to some one, and upon the mere suggestion there arose the cry " a new county." After much talking among themselves, the movement began to take form, and in 1806 it had reached such proportions as to be felt in the Legislature at the Capital, and the proposition was broached in that body. This Avas evidently responsive to the movement now actively afoot, and headed by such men as John Taylor, John Horton, Jacob Strickland, Jonathan Terry, William Means, Asa Stevens, Thomas Wheeler, B. LaPorte, Amasa Wells, Justus Gaylord, Jr., Josiah Grant, Reuben Hale, Eleazer Gaylord and Job Irish. Frequent meetings had been held in every neighborhood, and on the eleventh day of November, 1806, the inhab itants of north Luzerne held a meeting and appointed the above- named delegates to meet in general convention at the house of William Means, and " agree where the dividing county line shall be run." While this was the first concerted movement of the people, the matter was now vigorously pushed. One point that bobbed up on all occasions Avas that of satisfying the " half-share men " by making the south line low enough doAvn to include all or as nearly all as possible of this class; nearly everyone of these wanted to get out of Luzerne county, and, on the other hand, the county wanted to spare as little of her territory as possible. As intimated above, March 24, 1806, an act. was introduced to form a neAV county of the northern part of Luzerne ; the act was read and disposed of by ordering that it be "recommended to the attention of the next Legislature." The Legislature Avas not eager to accommodate the Connecticut settlers, and hence this dodging all responsibility by referring the whole subject to their successors. Something like" the sharp practice so frequent now in Congress, where the admission of a new State depends more on its voters agreeing Avith the party in con trol in Congress than on the justice there may be in the case. In fact, in many of our Governmental affairs, to an impartial spectator, there is frequently too much political bias in political affairs. For instance, Avhen the country was confronted with the question of negro suffrage, at the same time there was a serious movement over the land for female suffrage— both Avere backed by equally strong advocates, except, for the latter, there were all the great women of the North, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 199 who had been organized many years, and had sent out able male and female lecturers and missionaries in the cause of woman's voting — the "friends of home" and the enemies of a debauched and drunken oncoming generation. The Avomen have signally failed in their elo quent appeals to the country's statesmen ; Avhile the negro, indifferent, happy, laughing, singing his old plantation roundelays, or in the merry hoe-downs and rollicking cake-walks, knowing little and caring less about politics, had suffrage fairly thrust upon him, handed out to him on silver platters, by grand waiters in paper caps and long white aprons. In the language of the immortal "Artemus," "Why was this thus?" At this long-off day we can readily see why Pennsylvania was slow to give the Yankees of the upper Susquehanna a new and separate county. The lower end, when it was Northumberland county, could hold the upper end in check. They had, it is also true, somewhat hocused themselves when Luzerne county Avas struck off in order to gerryman der Col. John Franklin out of the Legislature. The colonel had laughed at it, and the people had spat upon it, and, Avhen too late, the Legislature had found out that, instead of quenching the fire, they had only added fuel thereto. Can not the student of history as readily see why, when negro suffrage prevailed so easily, female suffrage has not only failed temporarily, but is about as dead as a dried mackerel ? The great sun-eclipse Senator in his place in the Senate — his own re-election depending — proclaims the fact that American suffrage, by its universality in this country, is but " feculent sewage " — that our nation is about being smothered by its excess, etc., etc. — notifying the dear women that they must " save our homes" by some other potent device than that of the ballot. Was not the fatal mistake the ladies made that of not agreeing to vote as a unit with one or the other of the two great political parties of the country? The answer to that question will, it is believed, help solve the problem of why the Yankees finally secured their own county of Bradford. As noted above, they had become " a house divided against itself"— the "old settlers" and" "the half-share men." The Legisla ture accurately forecast the future — the outcome of the division and, if there must be more contention, why simply tie the two cats together, throw them across the clothes-line and let them fight it out, always fun for the boy, but rather serious for the felines. Be that as it may, we are not greatly concerned about the details now, — sufficient is the fact that, after four years of trifling over the question in the Legislature, the people triumphed, and Bradford (Ontario) county was created. As an indication of the steps taken at the time, it may be proper here to refer to some, of the doings of the people and the responses by the Legislature. We haATe seen that a bill was introduced in March, 1806, to form a new county. December folloAying, the act Avas reported as "unfinished business." March 11, 1807. a petition came from 154 inhabitants of Luzerne and Northumber land counties, praying for a new county. December 19 following, four petitions of a like nature were presented, signed by many people of the north section. These petitions respectfully asked that the new county be called Hiram, and the seat of justice be fixed at Wysox. 200 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. In January, 1808, the inhabitants of Burlington township, Lycoming county, petitioned for the new county to be called Hiram. All peti tions had been referred to a committee, which reported, January 12, 1809 : " That your committee have [has] taken the subject committed to them [it] into consideration," and in effect recommended it be granted. Thereupon a committee was appointed to draught a bill in accordance with the prayer of petitioners. The bill was reported, discussed and postponed for further consideration. During the session of 1808-9, the county question was frequently up for consideration. During the session, eight seA'eral petitions had been reported to the Assembly, all remonstrating against the erection of a new county as per metes and bounds of the other petitioners — these were all from Luzerne county; but they described a different territory, and insisted, if a, new county must be formed, that it be made of the territory they described, and called Loraine. Mr. Miner then introduced a bill for the appointment of three commissioners to lay off a new county from Luzerne and Lycoming. This bill was read and ordered to a second reading, and then dropped. In the meantime, petition after petition were pouring in on the Legislature. A special committee on the subject was finally appointed, as follows : Benjamin Dorrance, of Luzerne ; Isaac Smith and Samuel Satterlee, of Lycoming ; John Murray, of Northumberland ; Jacob Snyder, of Berks, and James Ralston. Mr. Dorrance soon after reported another bill to organize ; this was read, and a day fixed for its second reading ; it was then advanced to a second reading, and February 10, following, to a third reading, and then sent to the Senate for concurrence. The Senate now commenced the delay tactics ; the bill Avas read and " referred to the next session." Finally. January 12, 1810, Chairman Dorrance reported from his committee, and strongly urged the erection of a new county, laying down the boundary lines for the same substantially as they are now for Bradford county, and February 21, following, it became a law, and the new county was called Ontario — changed, as stated above, to Bradford, March 24, 1812. The Governor Avas required to appoint three trustees, whose duty it was, among other things, to establish the county's lines. Moses Cool baugh, Samuel Satterlee and Justus Gaylord were appointed trustees, and they employed Jonathan Stevens, then deputy district surveyor, to run the lines thereof. In the act defining the boundary lines, quoted above, it will be remembered there is a slight discrepancy in the lines in the southeast corner of the county in the original act, and as now given in the county maps. That is explained as follows : The old township of Braintrim was divided by the county line, and the inhabitants peti tioned the next session of the Legislature to alter the line, so that the whole of Braintrim might remain in Luzerne, and therefore, March 28, 1811, the trustees of Ontario county were required to make a new line, as follows : " To establish a point east of Slippery Rocks, at the head of Wyalusing falls, in the River Susquehanna, for the southeast corner of Ontario county; thence a line Avest to the said Slippery rocks; thence a southwesterly course to the nearest point of Lycoming HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 201 county." This was all the change that has ever been made in the original county boundary lines. Thus fashioned, Ontario (Bradford) county contained the town ships of Athens, Burlington, Canton, Columbia, Orwell, Towanda, Ulster, Wyalusing, Wysox and a part of Rush — ten townships — and there were six election districts: Burlington, Canton, Cleftsburg, Tioga, Wyalusing and a part of Rindaw. The part of Rush township was made a distinct township in the new county ; while the electors of that part of Rindaw were added to Tioga. December 20, 1810, the people had petitioned the Legislature for the organization of the new county for judicial purposes, but the mat ter was allowed to stand just one year, and in December, 1811, Mr. Satterlee favorably reported a bill for that purpose, and March 24th following it became law. This provided for a county election at the October election following for county officers, and directed that the courts should be held at the house of William Means, of Meansville, Towanda township, until suitable buildings should be erected. This act also changed the name from Ontario to Bradford, in honor of William Bradford. The very first important question, of course, in the organization of the new county was the point to be selected by the commissioners as a site for the county buildings — county-seat. The law required it to be within seven miles of the geographical center of the county. Every man with a cleared truck patch within that charmed boundary began to have day-dreams of its coming to him — the future city to be his "clearin'," the convenience of a court-house in his own dooryard, a jail to the right, and a handy poor-house on the left. In some lines men's ambitions are easily excited to open activity — sweet dreams of the golden fleece. But in this case the question soon settled to one of neighborhoods; that is, to places along or near to the river where were collections of houses or, at least, where there was one house. William Means, Wysox and Monroe were all entered for the race. Wysox looked with some contempt upon Monroe, and Monroe, in turn, laughed at William Means and his hopes of carrying off a whole city on his back. Wysox, by a vote of herself, had it unan imously. It even chose a new name for itself equal to the great occa sion, " New Baltimore," without stopping to think it would have been just as easy to have spelled Old London, Paris, or Pekin. Her broad and sweeping rich valley was her pride and glory — a winning card, surely — and, therefore, why not take an afternoon siesta ? Monroe felt a deep pride in her strong Democratic name ; unlike Wysox, it did not have to shed its miserable Indian name — malodorous name, almost as well have been "Heavysox"so a Monroe ready Avit said; there-, fore, " hurrah for Monroe ! " While all this preliminary skirmish ing was going on between Monroe and Wysox, William Means was laying low, and, figuratively speaking, was stuffing both sleeves full of aces ; he wasted no time laughing in his sleeve, but was putting them to a better purpose. Means was strongly backed by Thomas Overton, who owned most of the land that is now the heart of the city ; and also there was another man, E. B. Gregory, also a land owner. When these three men united the other appli- 202 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. cants should have rose to the emergency that forced them. The com missioners were wary and non-committal. A day was at last appointed to meet at William Means, and hear all about the claims of the rivals, when the question would be settled. The day came, and the applicants, that is, Monroe and Wysox, with friends and backers, were on hand, loaded with Fourth-of-July arguments in favor of their respective places. They assembled at the house of William Means — eying each other suspiciously; all were finally seated and awaiting the pow-wow to commence. In the meantime "the host, Means, Avas so attentive and polite, in fact, beaming on both sides and smiling so graciously, that both concluded that he had given up the contest, and now it Avas a fight to finish between the two. After solemnly waiting some time, some one inquired of Mr. Means where the commissioners were. When, in apparent great surprise at the question, amazed at their ignorance of the fact that early that morning the stakes of the chosen county- seat had been stuck and the commissioners had, being through with their job, gone home, he incidentally and calmly informed them, " with a merry twinkle in his eye," as the veracious chronicler of that day informs us, pointing just out the door — "there are the stakes." Wysox had laid off its new town and staked out the county capital. Monroe had dreamed of its great future factory chimneys, its proud steeples and its tall glittering minarets flashing back the earliest morn ing rays of the sun, and complacently smiling down on Wysox and William Means. One of the Wysox constituents had advertised his farm for sale in a Wilkes-Barre paper, and, as an inducement to pur chasers, it was stated, in italics, it " had a still," and then in ten-line Avood type it was added, as a clincher, that it was adjoining the new town of New Baltimore, the new county-seat of the new county of Bradford. Thus, "the best laid plans o' mice and men gang aft aglee." The new town was called Overton, in honor of Hon. Edward Over ton, and was properly and Avell named. But the disgruntled Wysox and Monroeites determined upon revenge, as bloody and pitiless as that of the boy Avho, when he couldn't whip the other boy, "made faces at his sister;" and so the name of Overton was assailed "by land and by sea," as the sage remarked when asked how he would attack England if another war Avas ever declared. There has been quite an American fad among our local pundits, when called at the baptism to name a place, to hunt up some Indian monstrosity of a name and plaster it on the poor helpless infant. Indian classics, in their grunting purity, are always bad enough, but when chipped out into pigeon-English they are simply horrid. Think of full-grown people living in a town scuttled with such a name as " Tunkhannock," " Meschaschgunk," " Mehoopanyskunk," " Dia- hogga" (trimmed down to Tioga, one of the most beautiful names that has come from the Indian); "Gohantato" or " Onochoea-goato." These are specimens of the best of the lot — the kind to lay on the top of the box, as persuaders to timid investors in sacred Indian relics. All these places that had to be named should have carried to posterity the name of some early pioneer, instead of this gray-matter-destroying Indian gibberish that is now disfiguring our maps. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 203 This was finally Bradford county, created, baptized, re-named, organized as a civil body, with a capital town and a place for court house and jail, and a first election of the sovereigns to name its full complement of county officials. That youngster is now eighty-one years old ; has nearly sixty thousand people, mostly robust, manly agricul turists, with schools, churches, preachers, lawyers, doctors, newspapers and politics, and politicians galore. Behold it, and its grand story of eighty-one years! Nay, rather its ons weeping story of one hundred and fifty years — the auspicious hour Avhen the first-known white man explored this portion of Pennsylvania, with a vieAV of permanently occupying it. A long one hundred and fifty years ago, but a single tick of the vast clock of God, yet how it fades in the dim blue distance to our finite minds compared to that brief space of life, the short fitful fever that is man's existence here on earth. Carry the imagination back, as well as you can, and what may you see ? The low, broad mountains studded thickly with great gnarled trees, and its winding valleys, where murmured the mountain brooks on their way to the rivers and the sea; the primeval forests, in their stillness by day, and their dark and desolate nights only broken by the blood curdling cries of beasts of prey, and the hootings of the birds of evil omen, flitting from tree to tree in the deep darkness. The solitary traveler might have caught the occasional glimpse, from peak to peak, of the tallest hills, but in all else, so far as vision was con cerned, he was>as though enveloped in impenetrable fogs, able to look up through the trees to the clear skies, but about his person the most limited view. Again, the river winding away to the north and the south, with a glimpse here and there at the sparkling stream of molten silver, and in the cool mountain waters the shining fish disported them selves, or the schools of shad traveled in countless numbers ; the mild- eyed deer nibbled the branches, or bounded away on the slightest alarm, the very poetry of motion and the quick, ravishing dream of beauty and grace. The forest choristers were singing their matin songs, and building the nests for the prospective brood to wing their way with the older birds to their winter homes of the gulf shore ; nature, how still, how beautiful, how inviting, covering with its rich green mantle the fanged beasts of prey, birds of evil omen, and the silent gliding serpent, spotted with deadly beauty; birds, animals and insects gave token that here nature was kindly toward life, and to this county came the lone Indian hunter, following the streams in his light bark canoe, as untamable as the wildest beast. At the birth of the new county of Bradford, one standing, say, on Table Rock, across the river from the borough of Towanda, could have swept his eye over all the then inhabited or hardly-at-all-settled portions of the county. In the blue distance the winding high land promontories, covered with the massive green forests, the tall trees gracefully swaying in the breeze, clothed in shiny green in spring and summer, and draped in snowy white shroud in winter ; there was not much then to long hold the interest of the spec tator. But could he at the time have been imbued with the gift of piercing the future for the space of a brief eighty years, then, 204 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. indeed, would he have found much to enchain the attention. At the moment, where now is , Towanda, a straggling cabin or two at the mouth of the creek ; a little longer, and the all- round log cabins tore, with low clap-board eaves, and its smell of pelts and green hides and raw sugar — a few sounds of the saw, ax and ham mer are the first indications to strike his ears as the hour of travail of labor-birth. Years speed along, and behold a frame house takes its place by the side of the round pole cabin ; the old log tavern in time gives Avay to the more modern "hotel," and brick stores now throw open their doors, rigged out with that splendid 12 x 14 glass in their show windows. A real puffing steamboat comes slowly and dubiously up the river, and fhe whole population rushes down to the river's bank to wonder and marvel. The dark old forests are invaded on every hand, and the woodman's ax sounds the merry roundelay from morn till night ; surveyors are abroad, setting stakes and marking lines for farms and for streets and lots in the rising village ; then the canal and its patient pulling mule arrives; a steam mill has been built, an immense tannery over there, and then a factory across the way. A church with its tall steeple, and its silvery voiced bell, calls the good people on the quiet Sabbath morn; "come let us worship God," is clanged out and echoes along the hills, and speeds merrily along the valleys. The primitive log school house is superseded by a nice two-story building, and the graded school is here. A splendid covered bridge has taken the place of the old rope and pole ferry boat. Other great factories and mills, and the tall smoke-stacks, and the puffing steam and the whirr of wheels have filled the world with active, pushing life. And as the sounds of this vision fades, there comes to his ears the pulsating of the thundering railroad train — the hoarse scream signals and the far- off rumbling, and the hum of busy life ; and behold, the farms and farm mansions on every hand ; the beautiful city, the pulsing telegraph that has girdled the earth with its sensitive and sentient nerve; the telephone, the gas-lit city, and then the great white electric light flares out upon the darkness, and the transformation is complete. This is the change of a few years. Persons are still living who might have looked on from the birth of Bradford county to the present hour, and seen and felt all this splendid panorama. The wild beast and spotted snake have gone, the savage red man has departed, sung his death-song, and it may he hoped has long been in the fullest enjoyment of his " happy hunting ground." -&V7~£C HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 207 CHAPTER XI. ROADS. Mail Routes and Postoffices — First Mails Carried on Foot as There were no Roads for Other Travel. — First Mail Coaches by Conrad Teter — Navigating the Susquehanna — Present Postoffices — The Old Berwick Toll Road — Etc. THE first mail route through the county was established in 1803, from Wilkes-Barre to Tioga Point (Athens), and postoffices were established at Wyalusing, Sheshequin and Tioga Point. Then every two weeks a mail was carried on foot, as there were no roads making it possible for any other conveyance to pass. These foot-mails were carried by Charles Mowery and Cyril Peck (the first husband of Urania Stalford). To make the round trip took two weeks, and for seven years these were the limited mail trains that went silently through the tangled wild-wood and climbed along the " break-neck" ledges of the mountains from Wilkes-Barre to Athens — not quite one hundred miles, when often the total mail for the whole trip avouIcI be a single letter. These foot-mails in time were succeeded by the man on horse back who made his appearance once a week. Mrs. Perkins states that the first of this kind of mail service was performed by Bart Seeley, who rode for several years. In 1810 it Avas supposed that the roads had been sufficiently cut out, and the rock ledges on the sides of the precipices sufficiently improved, for a wheeled vehicle to be used in carrying the mails. A pony mail had been used a short time, and the people were anxious to reach the swell-tide of improvement, and have a weekly mail established. Therefore the year 1810 may be marked as a red-letter year for our people. A weekly mail, carried "in a coach" — at all events it was a vehi cle on wheels- — was commenced, and the tin horn of the driverPeter Con rad, was " music in the air " for all the people. This was the beginning of stage-coach travel along the Susquehanna, that increased with the years, brought visitors, speculators, land buyers and settlers of all kinds, like lawyers, doctors, pedagogues and the tenderer assortment of preachers ; the others had come long before, like the justices' suitors, " on foot and on horseback," and had, single-handed and Avithout prejudice, sampled the fresh hot corn-juice from the farm stills, and fought the devil, hip and thigh, wherever they found either, him or his fiddle. t John Hollenbeck was the first postmaster at Wyalusing, and served many years. He was succeeded by Maj. Taylor. The first postmaster at Towanda Avas Mr. Thomas, the first pub lisher in the county ; he was succeeded both in the paper and postoffice by Burr Ridgway. The Old Berwick Turnpike was chartered in 1817 to run from Ber- 208 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. wick to Elmira. A charter was obtained, and the road built through Bradford county in 1821-2-3; entering the county at the south line and passing through Albany township, Monroe, Burlington, Smithfield — following the streams — and passing out of. the State through Ridge- bury township to Elmira. This was the first good r,oad in the county, and was a great mail route ; was a toll road until 1847, when it became a free public road. The State had donated about 260 acres of land to the building. In 1818 there was but one mail route through Bradford county. That year a new line was started from Towanda to Burlington, Troy, and to Sylvania, and thence back through Springfield, Smithfield to Towanda. This was a great improvement to the scattered settlers in the west part of the county. An index of the population is given in the election of 1815, for the Cliffsburg district, held at Columbia Cross Road at the house of William Froman. The district included the whole of Columbia, Wells, South Creek, Ridgebury, Springfield and more than half of Smithfield. The vote polled was 116, which, without the saying, was a total sur prise — a revelation that West Bradford was growing up with the country. Early Susquehanna Navigation.— The attempts to navigate, by steamboats, the Susquehanna was a failure, and almost a continuous tragedy. Fulton invented and launched his first steamboat on the Hudson River in 1809. and the wonderful story of propelling a boat against the stream by steam spread over the civilized world, and man kind, that had been toiling and pushing the old keel and Durham boats so painfully up all their long journeys, was now rejoiced. People went down to the banks of the clear and swift-flowing Susquehanna, and looked upon the stream with wholly new sensations; a providence of God, truly, and the old time slow and horrid work of carrying on the travel and commerce of the country would soon change — the steamboat was coming — the great factor and hand-maiden of civilization. Why not "sound the loud timbrel o'er Egypt's dark sea?" The good time coming is here ; man's ingenuity has overcome the appalling difficulties, and the age of fire and steam has arrived. First it was canoes, flatboats or rafts, then rudely constructed "arks," and finally the" Durham" boats. The latter were about sixty feet long, and shaped something like a canal boat, with a " running board " On each side the entire length, manned usually by five men — two on each side " setting poles," and one steering. The best would carry about fifteen tons. With good luck they could ascend the stream at the rate of two miles an hour. The Provisional Assembly of Pennsylvania, of 1771, declared the Susquehanna river a public highway, and appropriated money to render it navigable. In 1824 a boat called the " Experiment " was built at Nescopec, and intended to be operated by horse-power. On her trial trip she arrived at Wilkes-Barre July 4, 1824. A great jubilee was held over the arrival. The thing, however, proved a failure. Necessity was pushing the people along this river. The Delaware HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 209 river was being navigated successfully with steamboats, then why not the Susquehanna? In 1825 three steamboats were built for the pur pose of navigating this important river. The " Codorus " built at York by Davis, Gordon & Co., sixty feet long and nine feet beam, launched, and with fifty passengers drew only eight inches water, ten horse-power engine, and was expected to make, up stream, four miles an hour. She started on her trip in the spring of 1826 from New Haven. As she puffed along, the people flocked in hundreds to the banks to see her. Arrived at Wilkes-Barre April 12, when the town had an old style jollification day of it. Capt. Elger invited the heads of the town and many prominent citizens to take an excursion to Forty Fort. After a short stay, the boat proceeded on its way, and soon arrived at Athens, making frequent stops at way places. The Athenians, indeed the people for miles, even away up into New York, now realized their fondest dreams. The boat continued onto Binghamton and turned back, and, after a trip of four months, reached its starting point. Capt. Elger was disappointed, and reported to the company that it Avas a failure for all practical purposes. The next boat was the " Susquehanna," built in Baltimore, eighty- two feet long, two stern wheels, engine thirty horse-power, intended to carry one hundred passengers, loaded, drawing thirty-two inches. The State appointed three commissioners to accompany the boat on her trial trip ; several merchants and prominent business men were passen gers, and these were continually added to at stopping points. It was hard moving against the current. The boat reached Nescopec Falls, May 3, 1826. These were considered the most difficult rapids, and so the commissioners and all but about twenty passengers left the boat and walked along the shore. As she stemmed the angry current, the thousands of people on shore cheered and cheered ; reaching the mid dle of the most difficult part, she seemed to stop, standing a few moments, then turned her course toward shore and struck a rock, and instantly followed an awful explosion — and death and horror followed the merry cheers of the people. John Turk and Ceber Whitmash were instantly killed; William Camp died in an hour or so; Maynard, engineer, lived a few days. The fireman, and William Fitch and Daniel Rose slowly recovered ; Col. Paxton, C. Brabst and Jeremiah Miller were severely scalded; Woodside, Colt, Foster, Hurley, Benton, Benj. Edwards and Isaac Loay were all more or less Avounded and scalded. William Camp was the father of Mrs. Joseph M. Ely, of Athens, who was on his way home with a fresh stock of goods. The third boat was the " Pioneer," which was abandoned after an experimental trip on the western branch of the river. In 1834, Henry F. Lamb, G. T. Hollenback and family built at Owego "The Susquehanna," a strong, well-built boat, forty-horse power. Her trial trip was down the river to Wilkes-Barre, reaching that place August 7, 1835, traveling the one hundred miles in eight hours, and returned laden with coal. On her second trip she broke her shaft at Nanticoke dam, where she sunk and was abandoned. In 1849, the "Wyoming" was built at Tunkhannock, 128 feet long, 22 feet beam, stern wheel 16 feet, to carry 40 tons of coal. This was 210 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNT'S. a coal boat, and made trips from Wyoming valley to Athens durign the years 1849, '50 and '51. The arrivals of this boat were known all along the river, and the people were wont to crowd the landings to see the sight, hearty cheers greeting it, as they would lower their smoke stacks, and at Athens land at the foot of Ferry street. The cargo generally was anthracite coal, and in. return they carried grain and farm products. The last steamboat for commercial purposes was built at Bain- bridge, N. Y., by a company, under the superintendence of Capt. Gil- man Converse, commander of the "Wyoming." -She was named " Enterprise," 95 feet long, to carry 40 tons — completed and launched in 1851. The first season she had a profitable carrying trade, as the river was high through the season ; but in the fall she grounded and was left on the dry shore to rot, and this was the end of attempts to navi gate the Susquehanna. Roads. — The oldest gleanings from the records show that in 1788 the first petition for roads, in Bradford county, were circulated and signed by the people. This was signed by Thomas Wigley, Nathan Kingsley and Ambrose Gaylord, all of Springfield township, and sim ply notified the court that "diA'ers roads are thought to be necessary to be laid out in said town of Springfield." The committee of free holders : Justus Gaylord, Oliver Dodge, Thomas Lewis, Isaac Han cock and Gideon Baldwin. This first movement was pressed in the following September by Isaac Hancock, Joseph Elliott, Justus Gay lord, OliA'er Dodge, Thomas Lewis, in another petition in which they said: "For the want of public highways traveling through said town ship is attended with the utmost difficulty ; for remedy whereof, your petitioners humbly beg the honorable court to appoint commissioners to lay out and alter the roads in said town."' * * And appoint supervisors." In 1790, the commissioners reported there were "three roads in the town : " 1st. From the eastern part of the town to Ben nett's gristmill, on Wyalusing creek ; 2d. From the town plot, between Baldwin and Kingsley's lots, to Porter's mill on Wyalusing ; 3d. Start ing on the river near Bennett's, up the main road to Bennett's mill, striking the Wyalusing at Porter's sawmill. An attempt to open a road along the mTer had been made before this, but was a failure. In 1789, a petition Avas presented for a road from Sheshequin to Tioga Point (Athens). They stated that they had tried in vain to make a road over this line, but that the passage at Breakneck was dif ficult and dangerous ; they had, at great expense, they say, opened a tolerable road from Wysox to Tioga Point, and asked the court to declare the same a public highway. The commissioners made this recom mendation in 1794, and at this time a road was ordered from Ulster to Athens. In November, 1794, a road was surveyed from Wyalusing Falls to Tioga (Athens), passing Towanda, or Jacob Bowman's tavern, and crossing the Tioga river opposite Hollenback's store. About this time roads were laid out from Athens to the State line ; from Wysox creek to Athens; also up the river to Benjamin Ackley's blacksmith shop ; to Jacob Camp's house : up the creek to Isaac Bronsou's, near the forks of the creek : in 1795, one up the Towanda creek, and in 1798, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 211 one up the Sugar creek ; in 1799, one to start at Col. Elisha Satterlee's, at Athens, easterly over the high-lands to the forks of the Wyalusing. It is easy to say these important roads were authorized, but it was a more serious matter to open them and make them real highways. In most cases it was years before passable roads were made over those routes. The "Old Stage Road" was a State enterprise — a system of internal improvements, that in the early times were really of importance in settling and advancing the country. In 1780, the State surveyed a road from Wilkes-Barre, following the river to Athens. The State did but little more than make the survey, yet it eventually became the stage line. The " State Road " passed through the county from northeast to southwest. It was provided for by the Legislature in 1807 ; Henry Donnell and George Haines, commissioners. As provided for, it passes through Pike and Wysox townships, crossing the river at Towanda, following up Sugar creek to East Troy, and on to Covington, in Tioga county. In 1821 Zephan Flower and W. D. Bacon were appointed to lay out a road from Athens, running westerly. They report, " beginning one mile below Athens, on the State road, crossing the northwest part of Smithfield, through Springfield and Columbia townships to Tioga county line — a distance of tAventy-three miles." In 1820 a road was laid out from Towanda to Pennsboro. Com missioners: W. Brindle, Edward J. Elder, Eliphalet Mason and William Thomas. They commenced at a point " fourteen rods from the front of the court-house, and thence to the line between Bradford and Lycoming counties — seventeen and one-half miles." Turnpike. — The Berwick and Elmira turnpike, passing through Monroe on toward Towanda, was projected in 1807, and the work was still carried on in 1810. This was an important improvement in the unsettled southern portion of the county. Post-roads in Bradford county were, by act signed by John Adams, April 23, 1800, established as follows : From Wilkes-Barre to Wyalu sing and Athens, from Athens via Newtown, Painted Post and Bath to Canandaigua. The office at Wyalusing bad Peter Stevens for postmaster, and at Athens was William Prentice. While the above Avere the first government post-routes, yet we learn from Miner's history : " As early as 1777 an express was estab lished between the Wyoming settlements and Hartford. An old, smoked-dried paper, torn and much mutilated, has, by an accident, fallen into our possession, which shows that the people of Wyoming established a post to Hartford, to go once a fortnight and bring on the papers. Prince Bryant was a post-rider on this route nine months. More than fifty subscribers remain to the paper, which evidently must have been more numerous, as it is torn in the center. The sums given A'aried from one to two dollars each. In the list of names are Elijah Shoemaker, Elias Church, George Darrance, Nathan Kingsley, Elisha Blackman, Nathan Dennison, Seth Marvin, Obadiah Gore, James 212 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Stark, Anderson Doud, Jeremiah Ross and Zebulon Butler. Some of those names were prominent Bradford county men. Soon after the occupation of Asylum by the French they established a weekly post to Philadelphia. In 1810, Conrad Teter contracted to carry the mail once a week, in stages, from Sunbury, via Wilkes-Barre, Wyalusing and Athens, to Painted Post. Post Offices. — We make mention of the following existing and discontinued post offices in Bradford county : Alva, January 5, 1827, Fred. Wilson. Altus, Columbia township, established 1888, C. E. Gladding. Aliis, Hollow (Orwell township), August 17, 1868, George if. Norton. Aspinwall (Wells township), established May 17, 1838, named Old Hickory, Alfred Ferguson ; changed to Wells, February 28, 1862, Joel Jewell: changed back to Old Hickory, July 23, 1868, John O. Randall; changed to Aspinwall, November 10, 1869, Levi Morse. Asylum (see Terrytown); changed to Frenchtown, September 15, 1857, Charles Stevens. Aurora, in Warren township, established 1883. Austinville, Columbia township, established as Havensville, June 2, 1846, Dunsmer Smith; changed to Austinville, August 13, 1861, Lyman S. Slade. Athens, January 1, 1801, William Prentice. Barclay, January 10, 1866, George E. Fox. Ballibay, Herrick township, October 9, 1871, John Nesbit. Bently Creek, January 7, 1859, Benjamin F. Buck. Berrytown, near Troy. Big Pond, Springfield township, May 31, 1870, Isaac F. Bullock. Birney,_ May 6, 1872, John Bolles. Black, in Sheshequin township, established 1887, William Stevens. Browntown, December 11, 1839, Ralph Morton. Discontinued. BHnkhill, near Athens, established 1882. Burlington, February 24, 1849, John Rose. Bumpsville, Rome township, 1887. Brushville, Pike township, established as Pike, January 15, 1868, Isaac Ross; changed to Brushville, January 23, 1871, Giles N. DeWolf . Cadis, Warren township, 1887. Camptown, December 7, 1841, William Camp. Canton, September 23, 1825, Asa Pratt. Carbon Bun, LeRoy township, July 9, 1874, Robert A. Abbott. Discontinued. Cold Greek, Pike township, March 4, 1870. Edward S. Skeel. Columbia Cross Roads. December 7, 1826, Elisha S. Goodrich. Covert, Smithfield, 1888. Kumisky, established 1888. Darell, originally Benjamintown, November 24, 1840, Selden S. Bradley; changed to Durell, March 29, 1843, W. W. Goff ; discontinued, January 4, 1844; reinstated, December 11, 1848, Simeon Decker East Canton, April 15, 1862, Warren Landow. East Herrick January 26. 1839, Jeremiah C. B.irnes. Discontinued. East Smithfield, October 11, 1825, James Gerould. East Troy, April 25, 1851, Andrus Case. Edsallvitle, Wells township, December 14, 1827, Samuel Edsall. Elwell, Wilmot township, May 21, 1857, Warren R. Griffls. Evergreen, Albany township, February 9, 1871, William Allen. Fassett, June 6. 1867, Joseph M. Young. Franklindale, January 6, 1826, John Knapp. Floss, Smithfield township. Foot of Plane, Barclay township, March 11,1872, Theodore Streator. Ghent, Sheshequin township, June 14, 1848, R. N. Horton. Gillett, station onN. C. R. R., 1856. Granville Centre, established as North Branch, December 8, 1825, Sylvester Taylor ; changed to Granville, February 25, 1831, Sylvester Taylor; changed to Granville Centre, January 30, 1865, Luman D. Taylor. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 213 Granville Summit, February 9, 1856, William Nichols. Greene's Landing, Athens township, October 18, 1875, W. A. Plummer. Grover, Canton township, February 13, 1872, H. C. Green. H-rriak, established as Wheatland, February 28, 1837, Isaac Camp ; changed to Herrick, December 28, 1837. HerriekviUe, July 22, 1843, Daniel Durand. Highland, Burlington township, March 27, 1837, George H. Bull. HiyUtni Like, Warren township, October 18, 1870, John I. Arnold. Discontinued. Hobltt, established 1888. Horn-it's Ferry, Freaclitown station, November 22, 1869. J. V. N. Biles. Hollenback, in Wilmot township. Hornhrook, Sheshequin township, February 25, 1827, William S. Way. Kasota, established 1888. Discontinued. Kimberly. Kipp, 1886. Laddsburgh, May 11, 1850, Peter Sterigere. Leona, established as Lsonard Hollow, November 13, 1856, Enos Hubbard; c hanged to Leona, August 2, 1865, William T. Daley. Le Baysrnlle, February 12, 1827, Josiah Benham. Le Roy, December 22,1835, William Holcomb. Liberty Corners, September 5, 1856, Joseph Bull. Lime Hill, Wyalusing township, June 80,1857, John F. Chamberlain. Liz, 1886. Litchfield, November 5, 1825, Daniel Bush. Long Valley, 1886, McFinney. Luther's Mills, Burlington, established as Mercur's Mills, November 24, 1852, Sam- u el W. Prentice ; changed to Grow, January 7, 1862, James Wilcox ; changed to fiUther's Mills, November 16, 1865, Roswell Luther. Macedonia, Asylum, December 20, 1856, William Coolbaugh. Marshview, May 17, 1872, Alvin T. Ackla. Mercur, August 20, 1872, George A. Stevens. Merrickville, July 27, 1852. Discontinued. Merryall, December 20, 1849. Milan, established as Marshall's Corners, December 21, 1835, Josiah B. Marshall; changed to Milan, December 27, 1838, John L. Webb. Milltown, December 9, 1826, William P. Rice. Discontinued. Minnequa, September 21, 1869, Richard L. Dodson. Monroeton, originally Monroe, October 29, 1822. Changed July 30, 1829. Mountain Lake, May 20, 1861, Eirl Nichols. Myersburgh, April 9, 1850, Elijah R. Myers. Neath. Welsh settlement. Pike township, October 18, 1870, Newton Humphrey. New Albany, April 1, 1826, James Moreland. New Era, Terry township, October 2, 1857, John Huffman. Naraonks, Wilmot township, December 27, 1856, John Cummisky. Discontinued. North Orwell, March 27, 1833, Roswell Russell. North Borne, January 5. 1846, Charles Forbes. North Smithfield (now Smithfield), March 2, 1829, Davis Bullock. North Towanda, June 21, 1852, Stephen A. Mills. Opposition. Orciitt Creek, Athens, June 14, 1848, David Gardner. Discontinued. Orwell, July 22, 1818, Edward Benjamin. Overton, originally Heverlyville, July 1, 1857, Edward McGovern. Changed Feb ruary 28, 1856, George W. Hottenstein. Overslwt. 1889, D. O. Sullivan. Park's Creek, first Seeley, February 28, 1870, Daniel Russell; changed aud discon tinued. Pike, changed to Brushville. Potterville, August 5, 1852, E. C. Potter. Powell, first Lindwood, December 3, 1855, Samuel C. Naglee; changed April 1, 1872, Elhaman W. Neal. Prattville. Quarry Glen, 1888. Ridgebury, May 6, 1826, James Covell. Rienzi. Riggs, 1888. 214 HISTORY OF. BRADFORD COUNTY. Rome, June 11, 1831, Peter Allen. Rummerfield Creek, December 17, 1833, Eli Gibbs. Saeo, 1888. Sayre, March 11, 1874, Harvey G. Spalding. Sciotaville. Sheshequin, January 1, 1819, Avery Gore. Siivara, in Tuacirora, first East Springfield, April 23, 1868, Daniel L. Crawford; changed May 11, 1875, Andrew Siivara. Smithfield Summit, December 21, 1860, Joseph L. Jones. Discontinued. Snedekerville. August 1, 1867, William H. Snedeker. South aranch, December 11, 1863, Chester Caster. South Creek, January 26, 1826, George Hyde. Discontinued. South Hill. January 28, 1837, William Warfield. South Litchfield, December 18, 1865, Jerrold B. Wheaton. Discontinued. South, Warren, January 12, 1827, Benjamin Burlington. Spring field. May 24, 1819, William Evans. Spring Hill, December 29, 1836, H. Ackley. Standing Stone, January 26, 1826, Jonathan Stevens. Stevensville, in Pike, January 24, 1837, Cyrus Stevens. Suqar Run, first Blaney, May 4, 1839, Nathaniel N. Gamble; changed February 5, 1846, Elmore Horton. Sylvania, March 18, 1818. Reuben Nash. lerrytown, July 27, 1826, George Terry; changed to South Asylum, June 23, 1854, JohnM. Horton; changed to Asylum, September 15, 1857, JohnM. Horton; changed to Terrytown, January 13, 1862, Nathaniel T. Miller. Tioga Valley, September 23, 1854, Hiram Rogers. Discontinued. Towanda, August 8, 1810, Reuben Hale. Trinket.Troy, December 29, 1817, James Long. Tuscarora Valley, February 2, 1871, Henry L. Rugg. Discontinued. Ulster, September8, 1831, Sidney Bailey. Vawter. Velarde. Virtus. Warren Centre, July 27, 1853, Jacob L. Brown. Warrenham, January 1, 1835, Andrew Coburn. Wells, first French's Mills, December 12, 1825, James S. French; changed, Novem ber 26, 1869, Charles L. Shepard. West Burlington, July 19, 1833, Luther Goddard. West Franklin, April 25, 1857, N. Smith (2d). West LeRoy. West Terry. West Warren, March 16, 1864, Robert Tyrrell. West Windham, originally Windham, January 17, 1818, Benjamin Woodruff; changed February 8, 1833, Elijah Shoemaker. Discontinued. Wet on a. Wickizer, 1887. Wilawana. Wilmot, March 15, 1866. Israel Van Luvanee. Windfall. Windham.Windham Centre, July 9, 1866, W. C. Peck. Windham Summit, December 10, 1868, John Van Est. Wyalusing, January 1, 1801, Peter Stevens. Wysox, October 1, 1804, Burr Ridgway. There are more post offices to-day in Bradford county than there were annually letters when the county was formed, and for the two men, Avho footed it from Wilkes-Barre" to Painted Post, carrying the mails at one time, there are now many hundreds of employes connected with the postal service in the county. Thus the growth of population Avas great, from a wilderness to nearly 60,000 people, yet the use and : /^~^0 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 217 distribution of reading matter has grown in a most wonderful ratio, during the century. Something of the measure of the growth and spread of civilization may be accurately seen in the postal department — a much better measurement, it would seem, than that of the philos opher who would gauge it by the amount of soap the people ^used. Canal. — In 1828, the people of Bradford county, seeing the great success of the movement in New York to construct the Erie Canal, and anticipating the immeasurable advantages of such facilities to commerce, began to agitate the subject of a north and south canal, following the Susquehanna river, and connecting this portion of the State with the outside commercial world. Meetings were held, and public sentiment Avas rapidly instructed, and in 1830 the entire route was surveyed by Mr. Randall, chief engineer. And now the people believed that soon would be made amends for the terrible failures to navigate the river by steamboats. The State was invoked and gave aid, but sparingly. The work was commenced in Bradford county, in 1836, with a general hurrah all along the line ; contractors and laborers swarmed along the river, and, after long waitings, now Avas coining a rapid completion. But in the course of the year funds were exhausted, and the works were doomed to lie idle awhile, and from 1841 to 1849 work Avas suspended for the want of funds. Another general rally followed, and operations were resumed, then were again suspended and again resumed, and finally the work Avas completed, and it went into operation in 1854. An era in this part of the State. Compared to our present facilities, it was a wretched make-shift, but in its time it was glorious. When the canal was commenced a railroad was only a dream in the progress of civilization, but when it was completed, so SAviftly have we moved upon Fulton's great invention, that it was at the dawn of an era of railroad building throughout the country. Even in. the new, Avild West, thej' were then actually build ing some of the sections that have since become integral parts of some of the greatest railroads in the world. The great Illinois Central Rail road was in the rapid process of building when the old canal was opened for business. These marvels were rapidly educating the people — the packet canal-boats carried the newspapers that told of the movements elsewhere, and the National songs were little else than of the glories of the " age of fire and steam," and Fate was folding its arms about the North Branch Canal. The work on the canal had not been done in the best manner ; from one end to the other it was leaky ; viaducts, embankments and reservoirs soon, began, sadly, to need expen sive repairs, and these called for immense outlays, and the tolls Avere not sufficiently encouraging to justify them. It had been operated only four years (1858), then public sentiment had undergone such a change as to authorize the sale of the canal, the first moment when a sale would promise them a railroad to be built along its towpath. A pet scheme of Philadelphia's great financier, Nicholas Biddle, was to connect Philadelphia and the lakes by a line of railway. In 1858 the Legislature passed an act authorizing the sale of the North Branch Canal to the Sunbury & Erie Railroad Company, which sale was at once effected, the consideration being $3,500,000. This was the 12 218 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. inception of that State problem that in time assumed portent us proportions, and came to be known as the " tonage tax" law. That was finally repealed when Pennsylvania's great railroader, Tom Scott, had succeeded to the place of Nicholas Biddle, both as a financier and as a railroad operator. The canal from Wilkes-Barre to the State line had been contracted to be built by Welles, Mercur and Hollenbach of this county, and other parties of Luzerne county. The Pennsylvania & New York Railroad & Canal Company was formed, and purchased the canal ; they Avere little else than successors to the Canal Company. Their purchase expressly permitted the building of a railroad on the towpath, and putting a new path on the brim side of the canal, and this was the end of the canal to all practical intents. The North Branch Canal had attracted attention, and was a subject of great interest to the State; and, from first to last, in its vicissitudes it lasted forty years, or nearly so — though its actual useful life was very brief. Its defects in construction were apparent to the first trip boats ever made over its Avaters. In 1872 an act Avas passed allowing its abandonment by the company, and now only the dimmest traces of Avhere it once was can be pointed out by the old residents over the few spots where a vestige is to be seen. When the North Branch Canal was building, it was seen that some way should be provided to connect it with the canals of New York, and this Avould require sixteen miles constructed in that State. The Junction Canal Company was formed, and of this company were Laporte and Mason, of this county. The others Avere from Wilkes- Barre and New York. The canal was built, and went down with the North Branch Canal. Railroad. — In 1858 a company was formed, as above stated, and purchased the canal from Wilkes-Barre to the State line ; the purchase was made and soon the company realized that as a canal it would never be successful. In the face of innumerable obstacles they determined to convert it into a railroad, and the old canal company was succeeded by the Pennsylvania & New York Railroad & Canal Company, now the Lehigh Valley Railroad. The railroad was surveyed in the summer of 1866, and the road building from Wilkes-Barre up the river was completed, and a train Avas run to Towanda, November 26, 1867, and the road opened from Wilkes- Barre to Waverly, September 20, 1869 — thus filling in a connecting link from the Lehigh Valley Railroad at Wilkes-Barre to a connection with the Erie road at Waverly. In fact it was but an extension ofthe Lehigh Valley from Wilkes-Barre to Waverly. Barclay Railroad. — In order to develop the large coal deposit in the southwestern portions of the county, the Barclay road was constructed in 1857, starting from Towanda, at the canal basin, and running to the Foot of Planes, in Barclay township. A junction was formed with the railroad when built ; built a narrow-gauge road, and has been extended in branches at its southern terminus so as to best HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 219 reach the different mines. It was leased out for a term of years to other roads, but in 1890 it passed to the control of the owners. Sullivan and State Line Railroad. — In 1865, in consequence of the discovery of valuable coal deposits in Sullivan county, a railroad was built from Towanda to the coal fields of Lopez, a distance of twenty-eight miles. The road runs over the Barclay road track to Monroeton. It was opened for business in 1871. Southern Central Railroad. — A part of the Lehigh system that branches at Sayre and runs to Auburn, N. Y. G. I. and S. — The Geneva, Ithaca & Sayre, built by the Lehigh, commences at Sayre, and runs to Geneva. The Lehigh Valley Railroad is building from Geneva to Buffalo, and they expect to have the work completed this year (1891). This will give them their own track to their Western connections, and relieve them of using, as now, the Erie track from Waverly. The Lehigh is at this time building many other branches and con necting links, extending rapidly in new territory in every direction, and is already one of the great railroad systems of the world. Rich and poAverful, with a keen eye to advantages, as well as to inviting ter ritory. The main line is now double tracked its entire length, and the vast trains constantly flying each way begin to point already to the necessity of yet another track to accommodate the ever increasing traffic and transportation over the line. Northern Central Railroad. This was the first railroad built in Bradford county. It runs from Williamsport to Elmira, through the Avestern part of the county. Canton and Troy are the chief towns on the line in this county. This is a single-track road, but is well con structed and operated liberally, and is the convenient outlet to all the western part of the county to the outside world. The topography of the county — New York on the north, and the lower Susquehanna, Philadelphia and Baltimore on the south — pointed out this locality as a natural highway,reachingand connecting the two rich sections. In the latter part of the last century, the keen-eyed pioneers found a stream heading near Canton, that ran a due course to Williamsport, and they wanted to trade at the latter place, and soon a path was worn, to be followed by a rough wagon track. The State saw the importance of this highway and aided in the construction of a road, and the work had proceeded north as far as Canton in 1805, and was soon pushed on to Troy, and thence to Elmira. At that day this was the most important improvement in the county. The railroad idea grew out of this State road, and one of the first roads built in this part of the State is now the Northern Central. It taps a rich region of country all along its line, and between the north and the south in the State, and the east and west of the Hnion,is one of our great trunk lines. 220 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. CHAPTER XII. WARS AND RUMORS. The War Fever of 1799— War of 1812-15— Mexican War— Civil War 1861-65 — Bradford's Part Therein — Companies and Regi ments — Bounties Given By The County — Militia of 1862 — Emergency Men, 1863. AS a kind of substitute for grim and bloody war, June 28, 1803, John Dalton, living near Merryall, on the Wyalusing, met his neighbor, Amos Hurlbut, a son-in-law of Samuel Gordon, near Town's Mill ; they quarreled, when Dalton struck Hurlbut Avith a hoe he was carrying, and fractured the skull, and he died July 5, following. Dal ton was arrested, and examined by Guj' Wells, and sent to Wilkes- Barre, and at court was tried and convicted of manslaughter and sen tenced to eighteen years' imprisonment; but in 1808 was pardoned out by Gov. McKean, and he soon after died. The -97 War Cloud. — The Americans have been described as every man running around with his arms full of fight; much of this fighting spirit Avas toned down by the late war. But in 1797 Ave had so recently Avhipped Great Britain that we were ready to " knock off the chip " of any fellow who dared to put it on his shoulder. In 1797 the Avord passed around that we were going to have a war with France. Gov. Mifflin ordered the State militia to be enrolled in June, 1798, to be equipped, drilled and put in fighting trim. A great Avar meeting of Luzerne county, in which this then Avas, Avas convened at Wilkes-Barre July 3, 1798. Our general (Simon Spalding) was at the meeting as a matter of course, and was made president of it. All made Avar speeches and rung the glories of victory ; resolutions were adopted, and, among other things, they declared : " No sensations of gratitude, no relics of enthusiasm [relics is good] remains to distract us from our duty, as Americans citizens, to our country, and here proceed to offer our serv ices to the State, whenever the emergency arises in which she needs them." That was " the word with the bark on," so far as Luzerne county was concerned. A call for volunteers soon followed, and a company of seventy-five men, under Capt. Samuel Bowman, was recruited and attached to the Eleventh U. S. Regiment. John Hollen back, as sergeant, enlisted the company, and his reports contain this item : "I enlisted fourteen at Wyalusing, by the Kingsley spring. * * * We met to play ball. I sent to Gaylord's for two gallons of whisky, and when they had drunk pretty freely of it I paid them eight silver dollars apiece. I enlisted Wareham Kingsley, Thomas Quick, Hugh Summerlin, Jonah Davis, James Lewis, Asa Harris. At Wysox and Tioga Point, I enlisted more. After hunting deserters in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia and the Carolinas, I went into HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 221 winter quarters at Bound Brook, N. J. We were disbanded in the Spring, after Jefferson was elected." The movements of the militia Avill be found in extracts from the files of the Bradford Gazette. The War of 1812 came simultaneously with the civil organization of Bradford county, and nearly with the establishment of the first news paper in the county — the Bradford Gazette. The good people of the county were not, it seems, very deeply interested in that Avar. The New Englanders, so far as there was opposition to the War of 1812, led the opposition, and as the people of Bradford county were mostly from that section, this no doubt had its influence. The first draft for soldiers ever enforced here was in the year 1815. Several men were drafted from Wyalusing, Wysox and Canton mostly, but these got but little further on the way to the war than the place of rendezvous, when the treaty of peace released them, and they returned home. Looking over the old files of the Bradford Gazette of that time there is no other mention of that war, except the expedition of Harrison to the lakes, and the naval battles fought on the ocean and on the lakes. Mexican War. — No organized force Avent from Bradford county to this war. A few individuals may have enlisted at other points. The excitement caused by this struggle extended to this part of the country in a feeble way, and the recruiting officers did not open an office in Bradford county. There was an old Mexican soldier, hoAv- ever, who was several years a member of the State Senate, and every session he produced his measure for the State to do something for these old veterans Avhose long marches in the cactus country, and whose puissant arms on the bloody field had won so vast a territorial empire from the Greasers and gave it to the Union. He never could get much attention to his bill— -it was regularly " hung up " in the committee. There were no votes behind it on election day, and this weakness the thrifty politicians took advantage of — how fixed is the fact that kissing goes by favors. The Civil War. — The first gun was fired April 12, 1861 ; the last, April 9, 1865 ; four years, less three days, from the rising of the cur tain on this bloodiest tragedy in the tide of time and the ringing it down and putting out the lights, and dismissing to their homes the two million sun-burned and battle scarred veteran actors. The " boys " from the North had fattened many and many a new-made Southern graveyard. Never were such angry human passions stirred, never was such a mad rush made into the very jaws of death. Exactly what it was all about depends upon whom you ask the question. A noted man wrote a book entitled " The Great Conspiracy, that would seem to hold to the idea that American slavery and British free trade had joined hands to destroy the Union, and drive home the entering wedge. Others say it was to abolish slavery; and still others say it was a struggle for supremacy between the sections, a quarrel that had to come, fate; and "if it were done when 'tis done, then it were well it were done quickly," etc., etc. This one thing, it seems, is tolerably Avell agreed upon among the Union soldiers: They went to war, after the dance of death had opened, to save the Union, to suppress rebellion 222 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and maintain the supremacy of government. That much is clear, but in this there is nothing for the historian to put his finger on as to the causes that ultimately led up to actual hostilities. The historian, or rather present chroniclers, must employ themselves simply aiding pos terity in hunting out the remote causes, and by gathering and system atizing such facts as about which there can be no great differences of opinion. Bradford county responded promptly and bravely to every call of the country during that long and terrible struggle. The merchant and clerk jumped over the counters, the mechanics left the bench, the plows were standing in the furrows, the lawyers laid aside their briefs and the physicians mercifully turned over their patients to "yarb" tea and the good old motherly nurses ; flags fluttered in the breezes and the shrill fife and rattling snare-drum vexed the air, and pale and earnest men made war speeches, and the little erstwhile cloud, no larger than your hand, suddenly lowered from the whole heavens ; grim-visaged war was afoot ; the heavy tread of armies began to freight the winds, and the bugle charge but preceded the clash of the embattled hosts, and the Civil War was a terrible reality, and ladened the air Avith death and made it redolent of decay. As family quarrels are worse than all other manner of disputes, so is a civil war the most horrible of all manner of military strifes. The people of Bradford county for the first time in the history of this section were solidly united on the subject — that is, fighting it out to the bitter end — no peace but that of a restored Union. The guns that were fired upon Fort Sumter were not only heard around the world, but their dull echoes are reverberating yet, and effects will certainly not Avholly pass away in the next hundred years. It was a sad day for the institutions of freedom here and elsewhere ; its effects upon other nations, strug gling toward their liberty and independence, were nearly disastrous, and it left upon many American minds that dark and hopeless faith in strong governments only ; it made many Americans forget that our Revolution was against a government too strong where were a people too weak. The self-evident truth that the stronger the government always the weaker the people to resist usurpations was forgotten, and madmen rushed at their brothers' throats. Beneath the bending heav ens has there been anything, since the birth of Christ in this world, worth a tithe of the awful woe, the unspeakable sufferings, the wasted young lives, desolated homes and broken hearts that came of it all ? Divest yourself of all hysterical sentiment, and per se what is there that should make reasonable human beings go to Avar? Germany is a military encampment, where the men are nothing more than mere parts of war 'machinery, animated muskets with fixed bay onets, and under that military empire the people go to war at the beck and nod of their divine emperor — who makes of his children's nursery a soldier's camp, but Avho is murdering German thought and civilization by "divine authority" — that fatal curse that came to bar baric man, that "a king is divine." When his Satanic Majesty was unchained for a thousand years, he need only have visited the"earth and invested mankind with the cruel and wicked delusion that it was HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 223 good to have a strong government and a "divine king" enthroned, and "Auld Clootie" might have returned to his Plutonian shores in the restful faith that he had conquered mankind for thousands of years to come ; captured their horse, foot and dragoons, by principalities, by empires and by nations. I knoAv of nothing else, of all else, but that compared in sin to this divinity-of-ruler's idea but that is as the grain of sand to the mountain range. Usurpers usurping everything under such plausible pretexts as promoting the public good. The foulest designs that were ever invented against the most sacred rights of mankind here come clothed in fairest face and winning smiles, and the devil surely hypnotized men's very blood when he filled them with faith in the " divine " ruler, and that the SAveet and pitiful heaven would be deeply grieved to see that idea gibbeted higher than was Haaman — the awful delusion extirpated from men's hearts. And these monsters, measureless criminals against God and man alike, build churches and school-houses, and poor men craAvl in their presence and worship them — powder food, slaves — soul and body. If mankind was made for no higher purpose than to set up these fetich-governments ; to be governed by either an organized banditti or a miserable insane, diseased king, and to slave and suffer and perish, that the rotten dynasty might live, then surely life is one stupendous failure. Much of the current history of nations is merely elaborated war records, and consequently columns and Avhole pages of modern metropolitan news papers are detailed accounts of the doings of the prize-ring bullies — those giants with fists like mauls and heads like tea cups. This trend of the public mind is the omnipotent educator of a majority of the average boys of the land, and when among grown men one of these two-legged brutes on exhibition can draw houses worth dollars, to where, perhaps, the finest intellect in the world would get pennies, it is enough to discourage the heroes who build up and extend civilization. The first regular battle in the Civil War was Bull Run, and here were Bradford county men, and from there to Appomattox, in the Army of the East, and in many of the Western battles also, they were present. Nearly every township in the county, not only called war meetings, but organized societies for securing recruits; commissioners and boards of every municipality, and the county at large, were voting money, both as bounties and as assistance to families. The first shock of war paralyzed business everywhere, but such was the activity in recruiting and supplying the rapidly forming squadrons, that, soon, never before was more general business activity. In honor of Ameri cans, it should never be forgotten that we had all preparations for war, in the way of raising and arming men, to make after actual hostilities had begun. Another thing, and a far nobler compliment to American advance in the higher Avalks of thought, is that our war was long, and millions of men were in line; yet, compared to the marvelous military genius of a Von Moltke, Ave had but most feeble ideas of quick and triumphant war. Von Moltke was the mere adjutant of Germany, and he played the game of war with the precision of fate. Our field commanders were, no doubt, the equals, perhaps the superiors, of any modern people ; but this is not the science of war, it Avas hardly more than a prolonged 224 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. life-and-death-struggle, where the deciding factor was a mere question of numbers. When Germany overran and conquered France, twenty years ago, besieged and captured their beautiful capital, and levied on the conquered billions of tribute money to carry back to Berlin, then it was that the volcanic French appeared in their best form. France, hardly stopping to look around on her desolation, the splendid ruins on every hand, when she set about rebuilding her magnificent cities, her vine-clad, sunny houses, and in the Avalks of peace, was soon far in advance of her recent conqueror. The South was overrun, devastated, and conquered, and the terms of surrender were hardly dry on the paper when the soldier became a civilian, and from that hour to this, the "New South" is a marvel even in this marvelous land. The haughty Normans overran England, conquered it, confiscated its entire public and private property, and made slaves of the conquered. The Normans are but an insignificant line in history, while their once slaves have pushed their ali-conquering! civilization around the entire globe. There are lessons in history that'men should learn " by heart." The learning of those lessons will teach men to think, reflect and make of them rea soning beings. Such men only Avill advance, not only themselves, but their brothers. In a certain stage of development, emerging from naked barbarians, war is no doubt a developer, as Buckle pretty clearly shows that the invention of gunpowder was an active and powerful civilizer. Following immediately on the firing on Fort Sumter came the President's call for 75,000 volunteers to put down the Rebellion. Any man was a hero then, that would go beating, up and down street, the drum, and calling for recruits to his company. Where there Avere so many volunteering in hot haste, so many as to soon fill the call of the President, and thousands were turned away, disappointed, it would seem foolish to try to name the first man to volunteer from Bradford county. There is some strong eA'idence that Capt. Bradbury, noAv of Athens, Avas about the first to respond to his country's call. The average man was stunned for a little while with the call to arms ; he didn't exactly know how to go about the first step in joining the army ; there was nothing in sight to "join." During the four years of war there were forty companies — nearly all full companies, went from this county — these Avere squadrons that joined New York commands. OA'er 4,000 men from one county, and that a county of farmers ; not a city within its borders. The; whole number of men enlisted in the Union Army, not including State militia, and men enlisted for special emergencies, 2,656,553 men ; killed or died of AA'ounds, 96,087; died, 184,331; total who died, 280,- 418. What a countless army with banners! The "boys" went out from friends and home to war, to the long'marches and summer's heat and dust, and winter's storm and biting cold^to the muddy trenches, the bivouack, the fierce charges and the headlong retreats, the cross and clash of bayonets, sickening wounds and the noisome hospitals, to disease and deathly home-sickness, to exposures that sapped the strongest constitutions, to despair and death. Four years, less three HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 227 days, and the outstretched wings of the destroying angel darkened all this beautiful land. Nearly three millions of men went out with the cheer of the multi tude, the blare of bugles, the rattle of the drums and the martial music of the fife, full of young, lusty life, and health, and hope and boundless ambition. Nearly 400,000 perished — seven times the entire population of one of our States. At last, " stack arms ! " " home ! " and the common soldier returned foot-sore, Aveary, covered with dust and grime ; toiling along the hot road, he approaches his return journey's end, his heavy load is laid away, and his army shoes are pulled off, and he asks after his neighbors, and tells the gathering acquaintances of the " boys " that will never come back. Among the eminent sons of Bradford who laid down their lives in the line of duty — names not born to die — may be mentioned those of Watkins, Spalding, Gulp, Sturrock, Ingham, Guyer, Swart, Kellogg, Hemans, Tears, Case, and there are hundreds of others, whose memorial tablets are in the many different cemeteries of the county, while many others sleep in unknown Southern graves. The Governor of Pennsylvania promptly convened the Legislature on the April call for troops, and May 15, 1861, an act was passed requiring the Governor (Curtin) to organize a military corps, to be called the " Rural Volunteer Corps of the Commonwealth," to be com posed of thirteen regiments of infantry, one regiment of cavalry and one of light artillery, to be enlisted for three years. These were apportioned among the counties, and the ranks soon filled. Three more companies than the county was allotted, had, in their eagerness to go, organized and started for Harrisburg, and actually got as far as Troy, when they had to stop, as the quota was full, and no more could be received. July 21, 1861, occurred the first fight at Bull Run, and the result of that battle was for a moment to send dismay through the North. The National army was routed, and the term of the three months' 75,000 men was near its close ; the capital was exposed, and instead of suppressing the Rebellion in the allotted " ninety days," it began to look seriously the other way. Most fortunately, Pennsylvania was ready with its organized force of three years' men to step in the breach, and stay the victorious rebel onslaught. War Meeting in Towanda. — April 18, only six days after the attack on Fort Sumter, a great war meeting was held in ToAvanda. Small spontaneous meetings had previously been held in nearly every toAvn- ship. Judge Mercur presided ; Cols. G. F. Mason, John F. Means and W. C. Bogart, vice-presidents ; P. D. Morrow (judge) ; W. T. Davies (Gov.); D. A. Overton and H. B. McKean, secretaries. Many stirring and patriotic speeches were made, and a mass meeting was called for the 23d. At this meeting the county's population turned out, and recruiting went on briskly, the ladies partaking, and they presented the volunteers with a beautiful flag, the handiwork of their own hands, and Capt. J. W. Mason responded on behalf of the men. April 30, three companies had been raised and organized : Capt. Mason's, Capt. Gore's and Capt. Bradbury's, of Athens, and they started 228 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. at once for Harrisburg, but on reaching Troy they were notified that the State's quota was full, and were ordered to return. They were met at Troy by five companies from Tioga, and instead of disbanding or returning, they went into camp there. In a short time they pro ceeded to Harrisburg and were mustered into the State's Reserve Corps. Capt. Trout's Company being F, in the Fifth Reserve, and Capt. Bradbury's, Company F, and Capt. Gore's, Company I, in the Sixth. Capt. Mason was transferred to the regular army, and after the war was lieutenant-colonel of the Fifth Cavalry. The Fifth was hurried to Harper's Ferry, soon after the Bull Run defeat, and from there to Washington, where they started 984 strong. In the three battles of Mechanicsville on the 26th, Gaines' Mills on the 27th, and Charles City Cross Roads on June 30th, the regiment lost 18 killed, 115 Avounded and 103 prisoners. Capt. Robert W. Sturrock was killed on the 27th, shot through the head. He had enlisted in April as a private. Lieutenant Riddle, of Company F, and Adjt. Mason were wounded. Riddle was taken prisoner. Capt. Trout resigned in January, 1862; Sturrock took his place, and when he was killed Capt. J. A. McPherran was in command, and he was promoted to major May 7, 1864. A. G. Mason, first lieutenant Company F, was pro moted to adjutant. A. Percival Shaw was promoted to first lieutenant, J. W. Means was, in 1862, promoted to lieutenant in the regular army. Lieut. William Riddle resigned in May, 1863, to accept promo tion as major and aid on the staff of Gen. Reynolds. Sixth Reserve — Thirty-fifth Regiment.— April 22, 1861, Capt. W. H. H. Gore, with his "Northern Invincibles," and Capt. Daniel Bradbury, with his company ,the "ToAvanda Rifles," left Towanda for Harrisburg, reaching that place May 2, and formed the nucleus of the Sixth Reserve Regiment. They had failed to get into the three months' service. June 22 the regiment was organized and the field-officers elected : W. Wallace Ricketts, colonel ; William M. Penrose, lieutenant-colonel ; Henry J. Madill, major. Lieut. Henry B. McKean, adjutant; R. II. McCoy, quartermaster; Charles Bowers, surgeon, and Z. Ring Jones, assistant-surgeon. A very succinct history of this command was given by Maj. Gore at the regimental monument dedication on the field of Gettys burg, September 2, 1890. After stating the formation of the regiment he said : "After the disastrous battle of Bull Run, a call was made on Governor Curtin for troops, and the Reserves were rushed to Wash ington ; the Sixth was the first regiment to arrive, and was mustered into the United States service July 27, 1861, and sent to Tenallytown, Maryland. While in this camp over one-half of the regiment was stricken with typhoid fever, greatly retarding the efficiency of the regiment. While in this camp the Reserves were formed in three brigades; the Sixth Avith the Ninth, Tenth and Twelfth formed the Third Brigade. October 9, 1861, the division was moved across the river into Virginia, and went into camp near Langley. "December 20th, the Third Brigade and First Rifles fought the battle of Drainesville— gained the first victory for the Army of the Potomac. " March 16, 1862, they broke camp, and marched to the vicinity of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 229 Hunter's Mills, then back to Alexandria. In the meantime Col. Ricketts and Lieutenant-Colonel Penrose had resigned, and their places were filled by Wm. Sinclair as colonel, and H. B. McKean as lieutenant-colonel. The quartermaster also resigned, and A. A. Scuder was appointed. "The division was attached to McDowell's corps, and in April marched to Manassas, Collett's Station, thence to Fredericksburg. In June they were on transports, and went down the Rappahannock, up the York and Pamunkey rivers to White House, and were attached to the Fifth Army Corps. The Sixth Avas halted at Tuntall Station to guard the road and keep open the communication with the front. While here, Col. Sinclair joined us. and assumed command; the left wing of the regiment was sent to White House to guard the stores ; the Seven- Day battle opened at Mechanics ville, and the regiment was cut off from the main army, and, after destroying the vast accumulation of stores, was taken by boat via Fortress Monroe and James river to Harrison's Landing, Avhere they were joined by the balance of the division. The Sixth Regiment was here transferred to the First Brig ade, which now consisted of the First, Second, Sixth, Ninth and Buck- tails. " The next move was by boat from Harrison's Landing to Aquia Creek, thence by rail to Fredericksburg, thence by way of Kelly's Ford to Warrenton, where they joined Pope's army, and took an active part in the battle of Second Bull Run. Falling back with the army to Washington, they marched through Maryland to South Moun tain, and in that battle was on the extreme right of the army, and was attached to the First Corps ; at this battle and Antietam the regiment met with severe loss, especially in officers. Maj. Madill was now promoted to the colonelcy of the One Hundred and Forty-first P. V., and Capt. Ent was promoted to major. " In November the march was again resumed, ending at Fredericks burg, where, on the 13th of December the regiment, in connection with the balance of the Reserves, made the most gallant charge of the war. " Our losses here were greater than any other battle we ever fought ; we were but a handful left for duty, ahd the Reserves Avere ordered to Washington and vicinity to rest and recruit; the Sixth was. sent to Fairfax Station, where it remained until June, 1863, when it again joined the army — was attached to the Fifth Corps and marched for this historic field ; and here, on this ground, where we are dedicating this monument, we aided in fighting the battle of Gettysburg. Mov ing with the Army of the Potomac, marching and skirmishing, we finally went into winter quarters at Bristoe Station. In the meantime Col. Sinclair had resigned and field offices were filled by promoting Ent to colonel, Dixon to lieutenant-colonel, and Gore to major. "In the spring of 1864, they took in all the fighting under Gen. Grant, through the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna River to Bethesda Church, doing their full share of the work in that arduous campaign, ending their services with the brilliant victory of Bethesda Church. 230 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. " And now, comrades, I have briefly sketched the history of your regiment, its marches and hardships, its gallant fighting; it never disgraced itself ; there were other regiments as good as yours, but none better. We have met here to-day to dedicate this shaft as a monu ment of your valor, but your history will be a monument that will last as long as the American nation exists, and until after those stones shall have crumbled into dust." This page of history is carved in the granite column that stands on the field of Gettysburg : FRONT, WEST SIDE. 6th Pennsylvania Reserves, 85th Infantry, 1st Brigade, 3d Division, 5th Corps. south SIDE. July 3d, in the evening, charged from the hill in the rear to this position, and held it until the afternoon of July 3d, when the Brigade ad vanced through the woods to the front and left, driving the enemy and cap turing many prisoners. Drainsville, Peninsular Campaign, Groveton, 2d Bull Run, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Bristoe Station, Rappahannock Station, Mine Run, Wilderness. Spottsylvania, North Anna, Totopotamy, Bethesda Church. EAST SIDE. Recruited in Bradford, Columbia, Dauphin, Tioga, Susquehanna, Snyder, Wayne, Franklin, and Montour Counties. Total enrolment, 1050. OFFICERS. MEN. Killed and died of wounds, . . 2 107 Died of disease, 72 Wounded 19 286 Captured or missing, . 2 61 23 526 Total casualties, 549. NORTH SIDE. Mustered in May 28th and June 11th, 1861. Mustered out June 11th, 1864. Present at Gettysburg 25 officers, 355 men. Killed and died of wounds, 3 men. Wounded, 1 officer and 20 men. The monument stands a short distance to the right of Little Round Top, facing to Avard the enemy's lines, on grounds now owned by Mr. Frank Althoff, but at the time of the battle it Avas owned by Joseph Sherfy, the owner of the Peach Orchard. The wheat field in front, where the desperate charges were made, is now the property of the Battle-field Memorial Association. At the left, on a giant boulder, on the summit of Little Round Top the bronze statue of Gen. Warren rises in bold relief as the masterly strategist that planted the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 231 Maltese Cross in advance of the enemy on the rugged heights where Vincent, O'Rouke, Hazlet and Weed fell, and rescued the key of the position from the grasp of the enemy. Twelfth Reserve — Forty-first Regiment. — Had one full company from this county, Company C, Capt. Richard Gustin, commissioned, June 11, 1861, promoted to lieutenant-colonel, April 6, 1863; Henry S. Lucas became captain, April 6, 1863 ; mustered out with regiment; Daniel R. Jewell, promoted to first-lieutenant May 14, 1863 ; Oscar Templeton, second lieutenant, resigned August 10, 1861 ; Jacob B. Grantier, promoted to second lieutenant September 8, 1861, resigned August 11; 1862 ; John G. Rahm, promoted to lieutenant, May 1, 1863. The command was mustered in August 10, 1861, and at once started to Harper's Ferry, Avhen their route was changed to Tenallytown. Their first engagement, their baptism in fire, was at the opening battle of Drainsville, Avhere it held the left line, and was exposed to heavy firing. In 1862, when McClellan was calling for troops, this command joined him and was in his campaign, and in Pope's campaign. July 12, 1862, Col. Hardin was wounded in battle and the command of the regiment devolved upon Capt. Gustin and so fought in the battle of South Mountain. April 6, 1863, he was promoted to lieutenant-col onel ofthe regiment, and was in command until Col. Hardin was able to return. The regiment Avas mustered out at Harrisburg, June 11, 1864. Fiftieth Regiment, P. V. — Had tAvo companies from Bradford county, and Edward Overton, Jr., of Towanda, major. Organized September 25, 1861, and, from Harrisburg. proceeded at once to Washington. Following is the record of the two Bradford companies : COMPANY G. DATE OF MUSTER. REMARKS. Wm. H.Telford.. Chas. Forbes Michael McMahon. Fred R. Warner. . Henry J. Christ.. . Chas. F. Cross John P. Kinney . . . Ethan B. Powell . . H. C. Alderson. . . Henry Scott Philip Carland Captain 1st Lt. 1st Serg Sei-g'nt, Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept.Feb. Aug. Sept. Sept. Sept.Sept. Sept. 8, '61 '61 '61 6, '61 29, '64 8, '61 '61 '61 '61'61 '61 Cap. May 12, 1864— pr. to Lt. Col. Feb. 8, 1865— mus. out to date, July 30, 1865. Pr. from Cor. to Sgt.— to 1st Sgt. to 2d Lt., April 29, 1865— to Capt., May 12, 1865— cap. May 12, 1864— Vet.— mus. out with company July 30, 1865. Died at Hilton Head, S. C. Nov. 20, 1861. Pr. from 1st S.t., Co. D, Feb. 15, 1862— mus. out Oct, 3, 1864. Pr. from Private, Co. K, Dec. 11, 1864. Pr. to 1st Lt., U. S. Signal Corps, Mar. 3, 1863. Pr. to 1st Sgt. , May 1,1865— Vet.— wd. July 30, 1864— com. 2d Lt.,May 1,1865— not mus. — mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865. Discharged on Surg, certificate, Nov., 1862— disability, disease. Mustered out with company, July 30, 1865 —Vet.— captured May 12, 1864. Pr. from Musician — mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865— Vet.— wounded June 7, 1862— captured May 12, 1864. Pr. from PrivHte — mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865— Vet. 232 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. COMPANY G — CONTINUED. Henry Blend Edgar Roberts Merwin Higgins Wm. Spalding Simon Russell Henry C. Camp Chauncy V. Bassett. . . A. S. Blackman James W. Birney Theodore Lewis George N. Chaffee.. . . Alexander Spalding. . . Jas. Morrison Chas. M. Heilman. . . . Joseph H. Taylor. . . C. B. Vandermark Thomas Gillett Edgar E. Spalding.. . James Lewis Daniel M. Reed Wm. Hurst Joseph H. Atkins Wm. F. Carey David Reifsnyder Jas. Gillson Allen, Chas. H Arnold, Robert Ammon, John Avery, Samuel Ames, Samuel Bennett, Asa B Brown, Chas. H Bare, Benjamin Buckingham, G. W. . . Brown, Chas. T...... Babcock, Asa E Brink, Leonard M. . . . Birney, Newton Burton, John Boughton, John S. . . . Ball, Jacob L Bennett, James Bailey, Wm Cook, Joseph Serg'nt DATE OF MUSTER. Sept. '61 i t tt Sept.Sept. 24, '61'61 tt Sept. '61 Sept. '61 tt Sept. '61 if Sept. '61 11 Sept. '61 CorporM Sept. '61 tt Sept. '61 " Sept. '61 ¦< Sept. '61 Sept. '61 * ( Feb. 24, '64 n Mar. 3U, '64 1 1 Mar. 30, '64 t - Sept. '61 K Sept. '61 -< Sept. '61 «< Sept. '61 " Sept. '61 " Sept. '61 " Sept. '61 Mus'cn . Mar. 15, '64 " Sept. '61 Private. Mar. S3, '64 •• Sept. 17, '61 ,i Mar. 25, '64 •< Mar. 26, '64 " Mar. 14, '65 ,< Sept. '61 (C Mar. 8, '64 ( 1 Sept. 21, '64 11 Mar. 16, '65 " Mar. 11, '65 " Sept. 17, '61 (t Sept. 24, '61 4 Mar. 26, '64 Mar. 13, '65 Mar. 8, '65 Sept. '61 Mar. 8, '64 Mar. 8, '64 Feb. 10, '64 Sept. '61 Sept. '61 Sept. '61 Mar. 8, '64 Sept. '61 Mar. 8, '64 Mar. 15, '65 Mar. 8, '64 Mar. 9, '65 Sept. 20, '64 Sept. '61 Sept. 20, '64 Sept. '61 Sept. 20, '64 Mar. 8, '64 Mar. 8, '64 Mar. 11, '65 Mar. 13, '65 Mar. 9, '65 Sept. '61 Sept. '61 Sept. 20, '64 Drafted— disch. by G. O. , June 1, 1865. Sept. 10, '64 Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 1, 1865. Sept. 20, '64 Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 1, 1865. Sept. 20, '64 Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 1, 1865. Mar. 30, '64 Wounded— died July 3, 1864. Sept.' 20, '64 Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 1, 1865. Mar. 10, '65 Substitute— mus. out with Co. , July 30, '65. Mar. 24, '64 Wounded June 18, 1864— Trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, June 19, 1865. Sept. '61 Trans, to U. S. Cavalry, Oct. 28, 1862, Sept. '61 Disch. on Surg, certificate. June 15, '64 Drafted — mus. out with Co., July 30, 1865. Mar. 8^ '65 Substitute — mus.out with Co., July 30, '65. Feb. 20, '62 Mustered out Feb. 20, 1864 — exp. of term. Mar 30 '64 Disch. by G. O., June 3, 1865— wounded May 12, 1864. Mar 30 '64 Wounded May 6, 1864 — transferred to Vet. Res. Corps, Jan. 7, 1865. Substitute. Substitute.Substitute. Trans, to TJ. S. Cavalry, Oct. 28, 1862. Discharged by order Genl. C. M., 1862. Disch. on Surg, certificate. Died in Mississippi, 1863. Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 1, 1865; Substitute. Cap. May 12, 1864— died Aug. 25, 1864. Substitute — mus.out with Co., July 30, '65. Substitute — mus.out with Co., July 30, '65. Disch. on Surg, certificate. Wounded May 6. 1864: — disch. on Surgeon's certificate, Feb. 11, 1865. Wounded May 9, 1864— disch. by G. O., May 16, 1865. Disch. on Surg, certificate. Disch. on Surg, certificate. Mustered out with company, July 30, '65. Mus. out with Co. , July 30, 1865— Vet. Mus. out with company, July 30, 1865. Substitute — mus. out to date, July 30; '65 Cap. May 12— dis. by G. O., Aug. 18, 1865. Substitute — mus.out with Co., July 30, '65 Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 1, 1865. Disch. by G. O., June 12, 1865— Vet. Drafted— disch. by G. O , June 1, 1865. Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 1, 1865. Killed May 12, 1864. Killed May 12, 1864. Substitute.Substitute.Substitute.Died on Steam'p Ocean Queen, Oct. 28, '61. Discharged on Surgeon's certificate. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. COMPANY G CONTINUED. 237 Scriven, Edward.-. . . . Strope, Wm Shaffer, Alex. H Smith, Geo Slawson, Edward Thompson, Tim. S... Thompson, John Towner, Philander. . . Tompkins, Ira A Towner, Douglas.. .. TJncal, Jacob Vanderpool, Simon. . . Vanderpool, Moses. . . Vincent, Wm Weller, Geo Wright, Jas Wilcox, Freeman Waid. Isaac Woods, Geo. A Warner, Nelson E . . . . Warner, Fletcher G. . Williams, Geo. H Wilier, Smith Wood, JohnS Wood, Danl. B.. Young, Lewis A RANK. Private. DATE OF MUSTER. Sept.Sept.Sept. Oct. Mar. Sept.Sept.Sept.Sept.Sept. Mar. Mar.Mar.Sept. Mar.Mar. Mar. Sept. Mar. Sept. Mar. Sept. Sept. Sept. Sept. Mar. 2, 1, 20, 20, 15,30, 31, 23, 8, 31, 20, 15, 20, 31, '64 '65 '64 '64 '65 '61 '62'61 '61 '61'61 '64 REMARKS. Died at Annapolis, Md., Oct. 28, 1861. Promoted to Hospital Steward, Sept., '61. Drafted— dis. on Surg, cert., Feb. 14. '65. Drafted— disch. by G. O., June 1„1865. Disch. on Surg. cert. — wounded June 7, 1862, Aug. 30, 1862— dis. Jan. 15, 1863. Wounded Aug. 28, 1862, and captured. Wounded June 7, 1862— died June 12, '62. Substitute— mus.out with Co., July 30, '65. Killed May 12, 1864. Wounded May 6, 1864— trans, to Vet. Ros. Corps, Jan 7, 1865. Supposed to have been killed while going from Vicksburg, Miss., to Covington, Ky., afterward returned home. Mus. out with_ company, July 30, 1865. Substitute — mus.out with Co., July 30, '65. Trans, to Vet. Res. Corps, Jan. 19, 1865. Drafted— died Oct. 27, 1864. Substitute.Trans, to U. S. Cavalry, Oct. 28, 1862. Disch. on Surg, cert.— wd. Sept. 17, 1862. Drowned in the Potomac about Aug. 1, '62. Died in 1862, at Crab Orchard, Ky. Disch. on Surg, cert.— wd. May 29, 1862— discharged. , Trans, to U. S. Cavalry, Oct. 28, 1862. Wounded May 6, 1864— disch. by G. O., July 18, 1865. Fifty-second Regiment — This was one of the sixteen regiments ofthe Reserves organized in July, 1861. The company organizations were in July, and the regimental in October. In this command was a full com pany, Capt. Greenleaf P. Davis' Company E, and a part of Company F, that had been recruited in Bradford county by Treat B. Camp and Ransom Luther. Ex-Go v. Henry M. Hoyt succeeded John C. Dodge, Jr., as colonel of this regiment, promoted from lieutenant-colonel, January 9, 1864. Roster of Company E : Capt. Greenleaf P. Davis resigned November 7, 1863, and Hannibal D. Weed became captain December 21, 1863. W. S. Lewis, discharged by special order, April 6. 1862; Hiram A. Weed, promoted to first lieutenant and dismissed March 24, 1864; Silas A. Bunyan, first lieutenant by promotion from the ranks, died at Charleston, July 4, 1864, of wounds received at Fort Johnson. July 4, 1864; Charles R. Kenyon, promoted from sergeant to first lieutenant October 1,1864, commissioned captain Company G, June 1, 1865 ; Harrison Ross, promoted to sergeant and then to second lieutenant September 22, 1862, resigned November 11, 1863; Edward J. Stratton, promoted from sergeant to second lieutenant June 3, 1864 ; Alvin Savles, promoted to second lieutenant June 3, 1864. 13 238 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Company F: James Cook, captain, resigned October 21, 1863 ; Treat B. Camp, promoted to captain October 22, 1863 ; Burton K. Gustin, promoted to first-lieutenant December 21, 1863 ; Charles E. Britton, promoted to first-lieutenant June 3, 1865 ; Ransom W. Luther, second-lieutenant, resigned June 21, 1862 ; Nelson Orchard, promoted to second-lieutenant September 27, 1862, dismissed September 13, 1863 ; Alson Secor, promoted to second-lieutenant March 27, 1864. Fifty-seventliRegiment. — This had two full companies from Brad ford and a portion of another company recruited by Jeremiah Culp, who became major, and was killed at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862. Sam uel C. Simonton was promoted from captain of Company B to major June 1, 1862; discharged for wounds January 17, 1863. Samuel Bryan was promoted from captain to major April 1, 1865. Roster of Officers, Company B : Samuel C. Simonton, first cap tain, promoted to major ; John W. Gillispie, promoted from second lieutenant to captain, discharged October 23, 1863 ; George W. Perkins, promoted from adjutant to captain, May 2, 1864, and to lieutenant-colonel, March 19, 1865 ; Israel Garretson promoted to quartermaster August 15, 1862; Thomas O. Callamore, promoted to first lieutenant October 1, 1862, resigned May 31, 1S63; Daniel C. Comstock promoted to first lieutenant November 25, 1861 ; James Burns promoted to second lieutenant January 7, 1863. William H. Bell, promoted to second lieutenant June 7, 1S65. Roster of officers, Company G : George S. Peck, captain, resigned September 22, 1862 ; Samuel Bryan, captain, promoted to major April 1, 1865 ; Charles W. Forrester, captain, promoted to captain and A. A. G. ; Daniel Mehan, first lieutenant, September 4, 1861, pro moted to captain Company H, May 20, 1862; James M. Darling, pro moted to captain Company H. January 24. 1863 ; David Larrish, first lieutenant October 17, 1864; Mort B. Owen, second lieutenant Sep tember 4, 1861, resigned October 16, 1862; Joseph H. More, second lieutenant November 1, 1864. Seventh Cavalry — Eighteenth Regiment. — Company C in the regi ment was recruited in Bradford and Tioga counties. One Hundred and Sixth Regiment. — Capt. Samuel H. Newman's Company D was assigned to this regiment — the command mustered in August 27, 1861. In this regiment, in Companies C. H and I were also many Bradford county men. Capt. Newman was discharged on sur geon's certificate, July 19, 1862 ; William N. Jones, captain July 26, 1862; John Irwin, promoted from second to first lieutenant July 26. 1862, commissioned captain Company B, June 22, 1864, and transferred to Company K ; Joshua A. Gage promoted to second lieutenant Julv 26, 1862, killed at Spottsylvania Court House, May 12, 1864. Eleventh Cavalry — One Hundred and Eighth Regiment. — Orig inally known as " Harlan's Light Cavalry," recruited during August and September, 1861. Company F, Capt. Newberry E. Calkins, from Bradford county, resigned March 4, 1862; Capt. Benj. B. Mitchell succeeded March 13, 1862, continued to end of term. Thornton J. Elliott became captain November 6, 1864. David O. Tears promoted from second to first lieutenant March 13, 1862; killed at Ream's Sta- • HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 239 tion June 29, 1864. William' S. Spalding by promotions from rank to first lieutenant November 6, 1864. Phuip A. Palmer promoted to first lieutenant June 30, 1864. John V. Pickering promoted to second lieutenant November 4, 1864. One Hundred and Thirty-second Regiment. — Nine months' men ; recruited in July and August, 1862, and had two companies from Brad ford county. This regiment lost thirty killed, one hundred and four teen wounded, eight missing ; among the killed were Col. Oakford and Lieut. Anson C. Cranmer. The regiment greatly distinguished itself at the battle of Fredericksburg. The companies from this county were Company C, Capt. Herman Townsend, discharged on surgeon's certifi cate January 10, 1863 ; Capt. Charles M. Dougal succeeded same date; James A. Rogers promoted to first lieutenant January 10, 1863; Anson C. Cranmer, second lieutenant, killed at Antietam September 17, 1862: Company D, Capt. Charles H. Chase, resigned December 6, 1862; Capt. William H. Carnochan promoted from lieutenant, November 29, 1862; Charles E. Gladding, first lieutenant; J. W. Brown, second lieutenant, August 11, 1862; F. Marion Wells promoted to second lieutenant, December 6, 1862, wounded, with loss of leg at Chancellorsvilie. One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Regiment. — Nine months' men; had one company from Bradford county, Company I, Capt. Thomas McFarland, commissioned August 26, 1862, resigned January 10, 1863, succeeded by W. F. Johnson ; Joseph G. Isenberg, promoted from second to first lieutenant January 11, 1863 ; John L. May pro moted to second lieutenant January 11, 1863. One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment. — More than any other, this was a Bradford county regiment. Recruiting commenced for this regiment with a -view of raising every man from this county, and had it been possible to give them a little more time, this Avould have been done. Seven full companies were Bradford men, and the other three from Susquehanna and Wayne counties. Chaplain David Craft has written and published an elaborate history of the regiment, a fitting and enduring .monument to as brave a band as ever went forth to do battle for freedom's cause. Their record covers thirty-three battles, and on more than one occasion they were sent in front of the army, to gain, at the bayonet's point, a footing where they could, and did protect the army's advance, as at the celebrated "mud march " of Gen. Burn- side's; this regiment alone crossed the river, carried the opposite heights at the point of the bayonet, and held the crest of the hill in order that the army might cross in safety. They Avere thus sent again and again into the " imminent deadly breach" and never faltered, never seriously Avavered, and theirs is the story of decimation and death, paralleled by few, excelled by none in the great army, where were millions of trained veterans. The regimental colors, all tattered and torn, were flaunted always defiantly in the face of the enemy; were never trailed, and, as they promised Gov. Curtin when they received them at his hands, were protected with their lives, and are now in the State De partment, the mute but glorious testimony of the death-bravery of their custodians in war. Two-thirds of the men on its rolls carrying 240 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. muskets perished that their country might live — a greater loss, as is shown by the official reports, than Avas sustained by any of the many regiments in the war, save one only, and that one particular regiment entered the service with a greater numerical force. On July 2, 1862, the President issued his proclamation calling for three hundred thousand men. Now was real Avar "in battles mag nificently stern array." One thousand of these men were Bradford's quota. The national outlook was gloomy, and on even children's faces came the hard lines and troubled looks. A meeting Avas called at To'wanda July 19, following. Speeches and resolutions were had look ing to the speedy enlistment of the required number for the county, and the meeting suggested that the townships should open recruiting offices, and when companies were formed all should be organized into a Bradford county regiment. Early in August a meeting was held in Terrytown, addressed by Guy H. Watkins, a rising young attorney of Towanda. August 4th, a meeting was held in Wyalusing,- the principal speaker being Hon. George Landon, one of the ablest popular orators in Bradford county, and at once fifty men were enrolled. The first company of this regi ment was formed August 14, 1862, the outcome of the Wyalusing meeting, and represented Wyalusing, Herrick, Tuscarora, Terry and Wilmot townships. A small local bounty had been provided for each man, as well as a Bible and a well filled needle-book. The company marched out from Wyalusing on the fourteenth ; stopped for dinner at Towanda, and here at the court house a company organization was effected: Capt. George W. Jackson [both fight and patriotism in that name]; Joseph H. Horton, first lieutentant; William T. Horton, second lieutenant. In the afternoon the company proceeded to Can ton, camped for the night, and the next day reached Harrisburg. The non-commissioned officers of the company were: Sergeants, Austin D. Jeffers, Joseph H. Hurst, Thomas R. Miles, Nathaniel P. Moody, James Van Auken; corporals, Martin B. Ryder, Erastus S. Gregory, Noble J. Gaylord, Edwin M. White, Jackson C. Lee, George H. Birney, James W. Alderson, Isaac F. Johnson ; musicians, John O. Frost and Edward A. Lord. Including the non-commissioned officers, the company numbered ninety-seven men, and being first Avas Com pany "A." Company B. — During the early part of August, William T. Davies, a law student of Towanda, and Henry Keeler, of Wyalusing, began making enlistments in Warren and Pike townships. At the same time Guy H. Watkins, brother-in-laAV of Davies, and Benjamin M. Peck, Avere enlisting men in the ToAvandas. When a number sufficient for a company was secured, a meeting Avas held at Towanda, August 13th, and an organization effected as follows: Captain, Guy H. Watkins; first lieutenant, William T. Davies; second lieutenant, Henry Keeler; sergeants. Joseph S. Lockwood, William Jones, Mar tin O. Codding, Ephraim D. Robbins and Jesse P. Carl, Avho Avas suc ceeded at Camp Curtin by Benjamin M. Peck; corporals, Andrew St. John, Amasa Wood, George D. Crandall, James Goodell, John Keeney, Josiah A. Bos worth, Homer H. Stevens and Charles H. Cran- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 241 dall; Frank J. Vanderpool and Henry W. Brown, musicians. Non commissioned officers and men, ninety-eight. Company C. — At the same time as the above, Rev. A. J. Swart, of Overton, was enlisting men at his place and Liberty Corners, Macedo nia and Franklin townships, while W. J. Cole was enlisting men about Macedonia and George W. Kilmer was enlisting men from Asylum and Liberty Corners. As early as the 7th of August it was ascertained they had men enough to form a company. A meeting was called at Monroeton, and the following officers elected : Captain, A. J. Swart ; William J. Cole, first lieutenant, and H. G. Goff, second lieutenant. It is proper to state that G. W. Kilmer esteemed himself too young to accept office, and therefore declined when offered a commission. The company was mustered at Harrisburg, August 25. Sergeants, W. W. Goff, George C. Beardsley, Bishop Horton and A. R. Coolbaugh; corporals, John Chapman, George Owen, Charles S. Brown, Hiram Cole, Daniel ShoonoATer, Moses Coolbaugh, John Rockwell and Jerry Hakes. Company had eighty-nine men. Company ±>. — Commencing with August, Morgan Lewis, of Orwell, began enlisting men by virtue of a commission he had received from Gov. Curtin, and he soon had seventy-five men from Windham, Her rick, Orwell, and Rome. At the same time Thomas Ryon, a young Towanda lawyer, was recruiting men in Burlington and the west side of the county, and had secured twenty-two men. The men met at the court house, Towanda, August 15 and organized : Captain, Morgan Lewis, but he declined the great responsibility, and, at his urgent solicitation, Isaac A. Park became captain ; first lieutenant, Thomas Ryon ; sec ond lieutenant, Morgan Levvis. The medical examiners rejected nine teen of the men. And the joke on the examiners was that these nineteen men were accepted by the same board the very next day, Avhen they had joined other commands. Mr. Ryon secured other recruits from Burlington for the men rejected. The non-commissioned officers : Sergeants, Marcus E. Warren, Henry J. Hudson, George Wilson, Charles J. Estabrook and David C. Palmer ; corporals, William Howe, Simeon G. Rockwell, Charles B. Hunt, Charles E. Seeley, Robert Nichols, Elijah A. Mattison, David Benjamin and William Hewitt; hospital steward, Isaac S. Clark. Company E. — This Avas known as Athens Company, though recruited there and in surrounding townships. Joseph B. Reeve, of Athens, Avas recruiting in this borough and in Litchfield ; George C. Page, a farmer of Athens township, was recruiting among the farmers, and in Ulster and Sheshequin, Avhile John F. Clark, of Burlington, was enlisting men about him. The. different squads met in Athens, August 16, to form a company : Captain, Joseph B. Reeve ; first lieutenant, John F. Clark ; second lieutenant, George C. Page ; sergeants, Stephen Evans, Tracy S. Knapp, Mason Long, William S. Wright and William Garner ; corporals, Orlando Loomis, James W. Clark, Alonzo D. Beech, Otis A. Jakway, Charles McNeal, William R. Campbell, Charles T. Hull, Rus sell R. Claflin and Handford D. Kinney. At the organization Col. C. F. Welles invited the •' boys " to his office, and gave each man $5. The 242 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. company left Athens on the 18th, and were mustered at Harrisburg August 25. Company I. — This was recruited by Sheriff Spalding and his brother, Israel P. Spalding, mostly in Wysox, Rome and Litchfield townships. The men met in Towanda on August 12 and organized : Cap tain, Israel P. Spalding; first lieutenant, Edwin A. Spalding, and sec ond lieutenant, Charles Mercur. On the organization of the regiment Capt. Israel P. Spalding was elected major, and E. A. Spalding became captain ; Mercur, first lieutenant, and John G. Brown, second lieuten ant ; sergeants, John S. Frink, William Bostwick, John D. Bloodgood, Truxton Havens, George F. Reynolds ; corporals, John E. Gillett, F. Cortes Rockwell, Stephen L. Clark, John M. Dunham, Orrin C. Tay lor, James Lunger, Eugene L. Lent, John Turnbull ; wagoner, Daniel Lamphier. Total, eighty-five enlisted men. August 18 the company again assembled in Towanda, and, with Companies B and D, left the next day for Harrisburg. Company K. — James K. Wright, whose three sons were in the service, and, though ageing, yet he commenced enlisting in Smithfield, and, securing the required number, started for Camp Curtin. When he reached Troy, his men were told of the larger bounty offered in New York, and about one-half of them left him, but he Avent on with the remainder to Harrisburg. After reaching the rendezvous, two squads from Sullivan county, one from Dushore, under John S. Dief- enbach, and the other from La Porte, under Henry R. Dunham, were united with Wright's men, and a full company formed. Captain, Jason K.Wright; first lieutenant, Henry R. Durham; second lieutenant, John S. Diefenbach; sergeants, Beebe Jerould, Aurelius J. Adams, Wallace Scott, Daniel W. Scott; corporals, Charles W. Smith, Calvin C. Chamberlain, Gordon T. Wilcox, Wallace W. Farnsworth, George W. Pennington, William Rogers, Nathan S. Brown, William R. Smalley; wagoner, William H. D. Green. The three remaining companies, owing to the emergency of the hour, were not Bradford county men. Time was so important that Companies F and H were taken from Susquehanna county, and Com pany G from Wayne county. Could a little more time have been given, the county would have raised the full regiment. The commissioned officers met August 28 to organize the regiment, and Maj. Henry J. Madill, already in the service in the Sixth Reserve, was unanimously chosen colonel. He had already made a brilliant army record, but now it may be well said that he had entered upon a career that will forever remain pre-eminent in the annals of war. Capt. Guy H. Watkins Avas chosen lieutenant-colonel; Capt. Israel P. Spalding, major; adjutant, Daniel W. Searls, who was first lieu tenant of Company I; quartermaster, Robert N. Torrey ; surgeon, Ezra P. Allen, but by mistake commissioned assistant-surgeon ; assistant -surgeon, William Church, but commissioned surgeon ; Rev. David Craft, chaplain.; sergeant-majors, Charles D. Cash , Henry U. Jones and Joseph G. Fell. A total of 917 non-commissioned officers and men. Roster, Field and Staff. — Henry J. Madill, colonel, September 5, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 243 1862; brevet brigadier-general, December 2, 1864; brevet major general, March 13, 1865 ; wounded at Petersburg, April 2, 1865. Guy H. Watkins, lieutenant-colonel, August 22, 1862 ; promoted from captain; wounded and captured at Chancellorsville, May 3,1863; killed at Petersburg, June 18, 1864. Casper W. Tyler, promoted from captain to major June 22, 1864 ; to lieutenant-colonel July 4, 1864; discharged on surgeon's certificate March 1,1865. Joseph H. Horton, lieutenant-colonel, promoted from captain March 18, 1865. Israel P. Spalding, promoted from captain to major December 10, 1862 ; died July 28, of wounds received July 2 at Get tysburg. Charles Mercur, promoted from captain to major February 28, 1865. Daniel W. Searle, adjutant, wounded July 2 at Gettysburg ; discharged on surgeon's certificate June 2, 1864. Elisha Brainard, adjutant, promoted July 1, 1864. Robert W. Torrey, quartermaster, discharged on certificate October 24, 1864. Charles D. Cash, quarter master, promoted from sergeant major June 24, 1865. William Church, surgeon, promoted from assistant surgeon One Hdndred and Tenth P.V., September 2, 1862 ; discharged September 22, 1864. Fred C. Dennison, surgeon, promoted December 3, 1864. Ezra P. Allen, assistant-surgeon, promoted to surgeon of the Eighty- third P. V. December 13, 1862. John W. Thompson, assistant- surgeon, died July 4, 1864. Wellington G. Beyerle, assistant- surgeon, promoted December 27, 1864. David Craft, chaplain, dis charged on surgeon's certificate February 11, 1863. Andrew Barr, chaplain, died at Coatsville, Pa., April 11, 1864. Lilburn J. Rob- bins, sergeant-major. Henry U. Jones, promoted to first lieutenant Company B, December 5, 1863. Joseph G. Fell, sergeant-major, died of wounds received at Gettysburg, July 2, 1863. Martin O. Codding, quartermaster-sergeant, second lieutenant Company C, April 19, 1865. C. J. Estabrook, commissary-sergeant, and Isaac S. Clark, commissary- sergeant. Isaac S. Clark, hospital steward ; Michael G. Hill and Gil bert B. Stewart, musicians. Company A. — Capt. George W. Jackson, resigned October 31, 1862. Capt. Joseph H. Horton, wounded at Spottsylvunia C. H., May 12, 1864 ; promoted to lieutenant-colonel March 18, 1865. Capt. Joseph H. Hurst, commissioned April 1, 1865, wounded at Chancel lorsville May 3, 1363 ; at Spottsylvania C. H. May 12, 1864. First Lieut. James W. Anderson, commissioned April 22, 1865. Second Lieut. William T. Horton, discharged on surgeon's certificate Decem ber 22, 1862. Second Lieut. James Van Auken, killed at Morris Farm, Va., November 27, 1863. Company B. — Capt. Guy H. Watkins [record given above]. Capt. William T. Davies (Lieutenant-Governor), promoted September 1, 1862; discharged on surgeon's certificate May 23, 1863. Capt. Benj. M. Peck (President Judge), commissioned captain December 5, 1863 ; wounded at Chancellorsville May 3, 1863. First Lieut. Henry Keeler, discharged on surgeon's certificate February 9, 1863. Henry IT. Jones, first lieutenant, commissioned December 5, 1863. Company C. — Capt. Abraham J. Swart, killed at Chancellorsville 244 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. May 3, 1863. Capt. William J. Cole, wounded at Chancellorsville May 3, 1863 ; promoted to captain December, 5, 1863 ; discharged on surgeon's certificate June 27, 1864. Capt. George W. Kilmer, pro moted from sergeant to first lieutenant December 5, 1863; to captain August 8, 1864; prisoner from October 27, 1864, to April 14, 1865. Second lieutenant, Harry G. Goff. Company D. — Capt. Isaac A. Park, discharged April 22, 1863. Capt. Thomas Ryon, promoted December 26, 1863; discharged August 6, 1864. Capt. Marcus E. Warner, promoted to captain December 20, 1864. First Lieut. Henry J. Hudson, promoted Febru ary 14, 1865. Second. Lieut. Morgan Lewis, promoted August 23, 1862 ; discharged February 10, 1863. Company E. — Capt. Joseph B. ReeATe; resigned December 10, 1862. Capt. John F. Clark ; resigned June 16, 1864. Capt. Mason Long, promoted to Captain December 20, 1864. First Lieut. Stephen Evans; resigned November. 3, 1863. First Lieut. John M. Jackson, promoted January 24, 1865 ; wounded at Chancellorsville May 3, 1863. Second Lieut. George C. Page; resigned December 29, 1862. Company I. — Capt. Israel P. Spalding; promoted to major, December 10, 1862. Capt. Edwin A, Spalding; wounded at Chancel lorsville, May 3, 1863, and at Wilderne'ss, May 5, 1864. Capt. John G. Brown, promoted captain, January '24, 1865; wounded at Gettys burg, July 2, 186.3.. First Lieut. Charles Mercur; transferred to Company K, January 5, 1863. First Lieut. John S. Frink, promoted January. 24; 1865. ' Company K. — Capt. Jason K. Wright, resigned December 2, 1862. Capt. Charles Mercur, promoted to major February 28, 1865. First Lieut. Henry R. Dunham, discharged on -surgeon's certificate Decem ber 9,186.2/ First Lieut. Beebe Jerould, promoted December 5,1863. Second Lieut. John S. Diefenbach, died October 11, 1862. Seventieth Cavalry Regiment.. — Under the President's call of Jul v 2, 1862, Pennsylvania was required to furnish three cavalry regiments. This was one of those regiments organized October 18, 1862. Company D. — This was from Bradford and Susquehanna counties. Capt. Charles Ames, resigned May 22, 1863; Capt. Warren F. Simrall. First Lieut. Charles F. Willard ; succeeded by Johnson Rogers. Second Lieut. Stanley M. Mitchell. One Hundred and Seventy-first Regiment. — (Nine months) drafted militia, was called into service in 1862. Four companies, B, C, D and G were mostly from Bradford county. Theophilus Humphrey, of Brad ford, was made lieutenant-colonel. The regiment was in no importan t engagement ; was most of the time in North Carolina. Company B. — Capt. Ulysses E. Horton. First Lieut. William Jen- ings. Second Lieut. William J. Brown. Company C. — Capt. William B. Hall, resigned. Capt. C. E. Wood, promoted April 11, 1863. First Lieut. Sanderson P. Stacey. Second Lieut. James H. Van Ness. Company D. — Capt. Minier H. Hinman. First Lieut. Hiram A. Black. Second Lieut. Loomis B. Camp. 6-t^A-^^J HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 247 Company G. — Capt. Albert Judson, First Lieut. Samuel C. Robb, Second Lieut. Samuel B. Pettingell. Two Hundred and Seventh Regiment. — One }'ear's service, organized September 8, 1864. No separate company Avas organized from Brad ford county, but there Avere men from- here in companies B, E and G. Militia of 1862. — The threatened invasion ofthe State caused the Governor to call out all the able-bodied men to arm and prepare for defense. September 10 the invaders appeared in Maryland. Every man was to prepare to march at an hour's notice. The notice to report at once came to Bradford county on the 10th, and on Monday follow ing four full companies were on their way to Harrisburg, as follows : Capt. E. O. Goodrich's from Towanda, Capt. J.W. Evans' from Athens, Capt. Gorham's from Wyalusing and Pike, and Capt. Daniel Wilcox's from Canton. In the meantime Gen. McClellan had been recalled to the command, and fought the battle of Antietam, but the emer gency passed and the men returned to their homes. These soldiers were out only ten days. Emergency Men, 1863. — In June, 1863, Lee commenced his invasion that culminated and ended with the battle of Gettysburg July 1, 2 and 3. The Government called for 50,000 men from Pennsylvania to serve six months unless sooner discharged. A company ofthe Twenty- sixth Regiment, under this call, Capt. Warner H. Carnochan, was enlisted at Troy, and at once saw severe service in the preliminary skirmishes around Gettysburg. Capt. Carnochan and a part of his men were captured. In the Thirtieth Regiment was Capt. S. H. Newman's company, of Canton. They encountered no serious service. Governor' 's Call. — On the 30th of June, 1863, Gov. Curtin issued a supplemental call for 60,000 additional men — ninety days. Under this call two companies were raised in Bradford county, and assigned to the Thirty-fifth Regiment. This is the brief outline of the organization of the Bradford county men in the Civil War; the beginning of the sacrifice in behalf of the Union. Their record in the field, in sieges and battles, is that of the war from the first to the end. Like every county in the Union the peo ple were all deeply in the sacrifice ; home ties were sundered and lives Avere the sacrifice. On both sides nearly four million of men were in some way identified with the army in the field, Avhile each man left behind him anxious and bruised hearts, whose morning and evening prayers Avent out in behalf of " the boys" at the front. When the Avar- burst came it sent its terrible thrill to every hamlet and cross-roads in the land— meetings assembled in every county, at every church and school-house. While men were frenzied with the ringing call to arms, but few to any extent realized the situation in its full force, the unthinking regarded it as a mere passing storm, and welcomed it as a purifier of the elements, and going to the Avar more as a recreation for a few days than anything very serious. There were thousands of men, North and South/who at the preceding election had deliberately voted with the full knowledge that they were casting a ballot for war ; their philosophy was, and you can yet hear this said, that there were irrecon- 248 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. cilable differences between the sections of the Union and that war only could settle it permanently; that as war was inevitable, then the sooner it came the better. " It had to be" is to this day the judgment of many. The only people Avho were agreed in all the preliminaries before the rise of the curtain were the Fire Eaters of the South and the High Law fanatics of the North. Both hated the Constitution as our great Fathers made it. One because it recognized African slavery ; the other because it bound them to the section where ran the many parallel lines of the Underground Railroad. The intelligent Abolitionist believed that war was the only destroyer of the institu tion of slavery, and he was consistently for war; the slaveholder believed that with a separation of the sections a foreign nation would not encourage the theft of his slave property ; and the average South ern man, deep in his soul, believed that the loss of the slaves would be the doom of the South ; they argued that the whole South and its splendid wealth and prosperity Avas based on slave labor, and with that gone, as their country was unsuited to white labor, as they supposed, it must lapse into a primitive waste and wilderness. The same con- tingentof demagogues, North and South, were playing their selfish part in the preliminaries of the life-and-death struggle. A chronic average office-seeker is always for his own selfish interests first, last and always. The liberality of these men in dispensing solicitude in behalf of hoped- for-voters pales the whole world's Christian charity. Jeff Davis was a characteristic American demagogue — that is all. The only place he deserves in history is silent contempt ; in the great highway of civili zation he was a mere toad or wart, and while called a statesman was as ignorant of that science as a Choctaw Indian ; he should be written as a specimen of "great war-times-men," who are great solely because they were figureheads when many of their betters were cutting each other's throats. Had the South now its coveted separation, all the same, their chieftan would have been a cheap fraud — a dirty fetich and nothing more. This is not kicking the dead lion, because it was a ground-hog and not a lion by any means. .North and South the cheap demagogue was a part of the play ; generally he was the one-eyed fiddler in the dance of death, and he piped his soulful strains to the pea nut gallery ; it was the rarest accident when he was found at the front with a musketi; but behind the mountains, firing his jaw, he was not only brave but a terror — an animal this country has coddled and bred until they can show blinding pedigrees. The thoroughbred demagogue and the man who sells his vote for a drink are Siamese twins — they are for or against Avar, drouth or chinch bugs as it happens ; great in loud pretensions, and the vilest of snobs by instinct and education. As related in the opening of this chapter, when the direful news came of Fort Sumter the people spontaneously came together to hear war speeches. A great county meeting was held in Towanda in 1862 ; the hey-day of war had now passed away, and bitter tears coursed their way down the cheeks of many of the mothers and wives of the land. The battle and mob rout of Bull Run had passed into history, and the black war-cloud lowered over the North. At this meeting the one purpose was to raise recruits for the army. It was plain that HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 249 there were hundreds of men eager to go and would go if only there Avas a way to keep their families from starving in their absence. The county had no ready money on hand, nor was there any provision in the law to provide for or give it. At this meeting the County Com missioners in conjunction with the Associate Court Judges were appealed to, to act and take the chances on the Legislature approving their action. They agreed to borrow the money, and certain citizens gave them an indemnity note agreeing to pay the money back to the county if the Legislature refused to legalize their action. In this way every volunteer was paid $25 when enlisting out of the $20,500 ad vanced bv citizens, as follows : B. S. Russell & Co., $12,500 ; David Wilmot, * $500 ; Pomeroy Bros., $5,000 ; M. C. Mercur, $500 ; John Passmore, $500 ; John Adams, $500 ; George Landon, $500 ; N. N. Betts, $500. Each one of the Bradford men in the One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment was paid $25 from this fund. The payments to soldiers were as follows : 1861, $2,459.99 ; 1862, $900.37 ; 1863, $17,- 981.44; 1864, $1,555; 1865, $673.30; 1866, $450; 1868, $25; 1870, $25, and 1876, $50— total, $22,118.10. There are now within the county, according to official returns, 2,457 old soldiers and soldiers' widows. The once active mailed millions are slowly fading away, gathering beyond for the last roll call. CHAPTER XIII. INTELLECTUAL PKOGRESS IN THE COUNTY. Introductory — Bepublican-Fedbralists and Kepublican-Demo- crats — Political Questions — Newspaper and Other Advance ments — Miscellaneous. " — A few agree To call it freedom when themselves are free." A MERE compilation of the records is not exactly what is at this day required of even the local historian. The genealogies, tradi tions and recorded facts are interesting and valuable matter, and deserve the most careful preservation. These things can not be too full and explicit. Of themselves, however, they are not true history, but rather materials in the hands of the historian. The truth is real history in an account of cause and effect; the growth and spread of new ideas, cus toms, habits and laws ; the why and wherefore of the movements of men's minds. The first essential in the hunt for cause and effect, tracing them with any certainty, is time or permanency in their appli cation ; the next important item is numbers or quantity. The great law of averages must have full play, and this beautiful and unvarying principle can have no application to one or two or three, or scarcely any to one hundred or one thousand, instances or persons. Thus in a 250 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. large number of people, existing socially and politically, for a long time as a distinct body, there is necessarily a true science in the study of all their movements. This real history is the true philosophy of the movements of the human mind ; too abstruse often to be per ceived by even the ablest historian, while the mere annalist is content to simply give dates and records, with no attention whatever to the deeper truths of the study. Yet a family, even an individual, may be truly historical. The permanent effects of a single person's life may be great, either for good or bad, and thus he may give influences that shape history, but the effects even here flow out upon the many, and in the long lapse of years. It is a modern growth, the idea that history deals mostly with things that are somewhat permanent in their effects, and passes lightly by those things, however notable or notorious in their time, that are but transient in their influences. A great battle may mean very little, compared to Fulton's steamboat; the battle of Waterloo was as the .death of a house fly to the discovery of Columbus. This, like all thoughts that are new, has had a slow growth ; it has "yet to dawn upon the average mind, but that it will come in time in all its fullness need not be doubted ; that pretty much all history is a true account of the struggle in the world that has gone on and will go on between right and wrong — truth and error — ignorance and knowledge ; that rather frightful picture of the conditions of mankind given us by the most modern schools of philosophy wherein men are caged beasts for ever fighting and struggling and only " the fittest survive " is most true. After all, this is but a new form of expressing the old truth that right and wrong must be at perpetual war, and in that war truth is always in the minority, and ignorance and wrong are not only in an overwhelming majority, but are panoplied in power, and are supreme and pitiless. Ignorant force organizes armies and levies war, and to-day it has made of Europe a vast military encampment ; and cruel, cruel Russia has liberated its millions of serfs, and made many more millions of its people political prisoners, suspects, and the most wretched of sufferers. The world's scandal, its unspeakable monster to-day, is Russia, religious Russia, educated Russia and its public and compulsory schools, its freed serfs and its Kremlin and cathedrals and Siberia. The concensus of mankind should rise up and blot out that infernal despotism. It is a wrong that has slowly grown and fattened on its cruelties; and now that the usurper can usurp no farther, like all wrong it reacts as well on the government itself as it has for centuries inflicted its cruelties on the people. Yet " truth is mighty and will prevail," but there need be no reference to the long, long time that must elapse before there comes about any noticeable " pre vailing" of limping and sloAv-going truth or justice. Another form of stating this "struggle," is that of "precedent and doubt." Every oppressor and every usurper clings to precedent, while every movement toward liberty is preceded by doubts as to the wisdom of precedent. Hence, we find the tyrant always vigorously suppress ing doubt — outlawing and turning loose upon it his armed police, and in the end his army, where there are no William Tells when ordered to HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 251 fire. The Czar a prisoner — a miserable nightmare, trembling in fear. immured in the great palace walls, driven by his phantoms to madness; his condition might call down the pity of his dumb brutes ; and at the other end are his miserable subjects in the mines, in the gloomy iron casements, driven through the winter's storm where men, women and children — the most pitiful sight beneath the bending heavens — are shot down or bayoneted orknouted, and by the long Avayside are dying and freezing. Here is Avrong and usurpation ripened to the full, and commencing with the Czar and running through all classes is but an unending horror. This is all the dreadful handiwork of ignorant ambition — grasping for power, greed for supposed greatness, ambition to be the great rulers, has in time brought these Dead Sea apples to both King and subject — the whole group is the progeny of ignorance — following blindly precedent and rigorously suppressing doubt. The people are " my children ;" heaven pity them ! that "my government must care for and protect." The King " is divinely appointed to rule over us — the King can do no wrong," is the fatuous education of the people, of every people that have groaned under the most shocking tyrannies. To this fatality both King and subject are educated. A remarkable feature of the development of tyranny, is that both ruler and subject are educated in the faith that it all comes of God, and could not and should not be otherwise ; that any doubt, therefore, is blasphemy added to treason. Hence, to-day, if the best man in the Avorld Avas made the Czar of all the Russias, he would be helpless to relieve his suffering people, Avho have been so long trained and educated, out of all conception of man's natural rights to liberty and' justice. The war of the Colonies for Independence — that long and cruel war — commenced in the unconscious struggle of the people for human rights against the divine order of kings — the infallible rulers, and a standing army. There are abundant evidences that our noble fathers had but little idea of the falseness of the doctrine of the divinity of kings, in the early stages of the struggle Avith the mother country. We can have but little conception, even now, bow the fate of mankind hung trembling in the balance at that awful moment when the "crown was offered Washington." Here was the most eventful moment in all history. Washington and Franklin, supplemented by Jefferson, gave the world practically the sublime truth that man can best care for him self; that the ruler is not only fallible, but is the servant of those who appoint him, and must render to his masters an account of his steward ship. We can now know that there was but a little remnant of all those who buckled on their armor and offered their lives as a sacrifice for their country, who clearly perceived that it was in fact a struggle of the people against the "divine order." They mostly, no doubt, demanded " no taxation Avithout representation," and, had the king granted this, results might have been radically different. Long pre ceding circumstances had tended to educate the colonists away from that fatal king-school. They had been driven across the face of the world by religious persecution, when the king was heaven's vicegerent on earth, to kill and crush out heresy. The State and the Church were one, and dissent from either by so much as a look or wink, a breath or 252 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. a secret thought, even, was to call down upon the victim the cruelest conceivable torture and death ; the world was full of the church mili tant, but Avas without charity and without mercy, and civilization was in a condition of petrifaction that most surely could never have advanced one jot or tittle without the timely revolt of the American Colonies, where men fought and died for liberty — blessed liberty ! the supremest thing in this world, whose chief enemy always has been the ruler — the governing power, who has started out on the false and malignant'motto : The king can do no wrong, the people can do no right. The truth is the people of themselves can do no wrong ; if wrong comes from them, it is done through their representative rulers. always, and this has been preceded by a long course of mis-education enforced among the people. These preliminary explanations are deemed necessary before enter ing upon the consideration of the fact in American history that, when our fathers had emerged from the long war, and their independence had been granted, and they were c6nfronted with the greater task of founding a democracy, there should arise two political parties — the Republicans and Federalists. In Bradford county, at the very begin ning of its existence as a civil body, these parties were called Repub lican-Federalists and Republican-Democrats. In forming our government they had, nearly literally transplanted the English government, simply leaving out a king and giving the people the right to choose their ruler for stated periods. The departure from the mother government was very slight, but little as it was the sole question between the two political organizations arose over the slight change there was in the fundamentals of government between the new democracy and the old monarchy. The seed, of course, of this division among the people had come from the first day of the rebellion against King George. There Avere many good people who loyally opposed the movement in its inception, and continued their opposition during life. The honest Tory would have, of course, been more easily recon ciled to his new surroundings had we crowned our own king at the end of the war, and gone on in the adoration of the national fetich — the good King. This sentiment was modified into one of eventual striA'ing, for as near an approach as possible to the old forms of government. The opposite of this was that broader idea that regards the hereditary king with contempt and anchored in the faith that the people Avere every thing. In short, they held that the people, if allowed to freely ex press themselves, knew as well or better what they Avanted for their own good, than could any born king. Both believed in the necessity of a head, a controlling, ruling power in government. These questions among parties had received the modifications of the years that consti tute nearly the life-time of a generation. When Bradford county Avas formed the original Tories had become wild Federalists, and the Repub lican-Democrats had fed upon the bold democracy of Jefferson and learned to more and more have faith in the people — which, after all, was but another name for a greater and a growing love of liberty. In deed, it is highly probable that by the time of the first action in Bradford county,. as soon as this was after the establishment of our HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 253 government, there was not a man here who Avould, under any con ceivable circumstances, have offered Washington, or any other mortal, the crown. All had tasted the blessing of freedom, a free press, free speech, free religion, and the untrammeled right of going and coming when he pleased. Yet they divided on the question of a strong cen tral government and a stronger central government. Equally earnest, honest and intelligent, they were arrayed in opposing ranks, but pelt ing each other with nothing more dangerous than ballots, and the mu tual lashings of tongue and pen. The mists of nearly a century have come between us and the times of the first social and political life of our people. None are now living to tell us what they then thought about the questions over which they were divided. This need not be regretted for the reason that one cannot know their unreasonable prejudices, nor can we very easily be influenced by the passions that stirred them, no doubt deeply. Men then, much as they do now, went to the polls and voted in the implicit faith that the future welfare, at least of Americans, depended largely upon their being able to outvote their political opponents. The hate of Rebel and Tory was just dying out, but party fealty and distrust of political opponents may have been then as strong or even more bitter than it is now. The Tories had become peaceful Federalists, and were as full of Avrath and hatred of the King of England, a feeling that they had been taught by bloody events, to extend to the whole people of England,as were the most radical Republicans,and yet they believed a sleepless vigilance necessary to prevent their oppo nents from rushing the country into a mere headless mob, or to anarchy itself. Both parties looked to precedent as a guide in all government affairs. The authority of precedent was strong amongall the people, pos sibly less so among Republicans than their opponents, but practically this Avas the authority of highest resort, on the part of all; in the church, the school and in state-craft, precedent was nearly supreme in all mooted subjects. ' ' Larger boats may venture more, But little ones must keep near shore," Avas the philosophy of " Poor Richard," which, at the time Dr. Franklin gave it expression, contained much of the philosophy of the day. If, in an emergency, you could find no precedent to guide you, then stand still and await developments. Men were more cautious and conserva tive in political opinions then than Ave find them now. Adam Smith's book on Political Economy was then just published, and was an un known and unheard of thing to most Americans, especially on the frontiers. Our democracy Avas a new thing in the world, hardly yet more than a doubtful experiment. There were no radical Democrats, and there were many apparently unanswerable reasons for the faith of those who believe in a greater stability of government, that meant greater centralization of power. The beginning of the second war with England and the civil form ative steps of Bradford county were contemporaneous events. Madison Avas President. He was one of Jefferson's ablest lieutenants in the cause of the new democracy, and picked up the gauntlet of Avar offered so haughtily by England. 254 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Political questions were now rapidly recast, and men were for or against the policy that had led to Avar. All were in favor of its vigorous prosecution — this is true even in the face of the calling of the notable Hartford convention, yet there was a division of parties on the policies that had brought on actual hostilities. The war com menced in June, 1812, and ended in February, 1815. Our country Avas invaded by a ruthless foreign foe, our cities burned and captured, and shocking cruelties inflicted, but our land, and especially our navai forces, had conducted some of the most brilliant campaigns then known to warfare. The infant nation met the proud mistress of the seas, and with her war-ships, that were little more than extemporized wooden tubs, blew up her armadas and brought her ships as rich prizes to our shores. The splendid victories of Perry and Jackson Avere the all-sufficient answers to those who opposed the war, as final victory and peace Avas the death of the anti-war element in the land, — a demonstration that Greeley was right when he said, "nothing suc ceeds like success," and in war the opposite of this it seems would be, that "nothing fails like defeat." We fortunately can know the prevalent thoughts and emotions of the people of Bradford county in these three stirring years of her young life, by carefully consulting the files of the Bradford Gazette that commenced publication the same year of the war, and of the organization of the county. A newspaper then was very different from one of this day and time. There was not a daily paper that then found its way into Bradford county and fewest of any kind that were then accessible to the people. The weekly local paper was their chief reliance. This was mostly distributed by private hands ; it was made up of extracts from other papers, published in the cities, and Avas without local or general editorials, but there is but little trouble in examining the ancient files of the Gazette in finding out the editor's opinions on all important questions. The advances in newspaperdom from that time to the present are immense ; now there are many dailies to where there Avas one weekly formerly ; the great dailies come damp from the press by the fast-mail train ; the telegraph has obliterated space and time in gathering the hourly news, and morning, noon and evening, night and day, year in and year out, the great per fected presses are literally showering the land with papers like as the winter snowflakes fly. The rapid rise and growth of the newspaper is truly phenomenal, but you must not therefore conclude our people are so immensely favored over those of the day of the little weekly with out a. line of editorial comment. The editor's responsibility then was greater than now ; his paper was not only carefully read, but was studied and laid away — men met and read it over and discussed it, and families did the same. This was well understood by the publisher, and he governed himself accordingly ; he studied tboroughty his few exchanges and reprinted articles that were Avritten in solemn earnest by men of vigorous intellects — men Avho treated the few subjects in hand exhaustively, elaborating to their heart's content. No difference what subject the Avriter had in hand, he proposed to probe to the very bottom of it. One of the little, old, yellow /' ^^¦^Aaizo^ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 257 Gazettes, with but four columns to the page, and, of course, but four pages, is before me, and it has a communication clipped from the Democratic Press, on the subject of " The Washington Benevolent Society," that fills six columns. It is highly probable that article was copied in nearly every little four-column weekly paper then published in the land, and thus it became a national factor ; it was carefully filed away, and fortunately preserved for our examination — a handy and unfailing index of the history of the times. There was more power and effect in the little, dingy four-column country weekly than there is to-day in the great 46-page daily ; and there is, after all, a question as to whether, so far as the people in general are concerned, the ancient country weeklies were not better in filling the demands of their time than is the modern metropolitan press. A man now is compelled to read his mammoth dailies in a few spare minutes, Avhile waiting for his meal to be served ; he gathers the news, all he has time to wait, by scanning the head-lines of the telegraphic dispatches. There are dailies issued that a man, to read them as our fathers read their papers, would require the entire twenty-four hours intervening between the issues. It is usual to count these changes as simply advances for the better, but whether they are or not is questionable ; as educators, there is no doubt but that the old style was far preferable to the new in newspapers, for the simple reason that thoroughness has been supplanted by skimming superficiality ; the average man read less and confined himself to fewer subjects, but he was thorough — at least far more so than now, so far as he attempted to go. The tele graph was then hardly so much as a dream, and there was and has "been nothing that so thoroughly diluted our literature, as it comes from the daily and weekly publications, as this. And the whole ten dency now is sensational ; pandering in every column to the pruriency that has come of the possibilities of the harnessed thunderbolts. Who would now sit down to read six columns of his paper under such a caption as "The Washington Benevolent Society ? " But, on the other hand, who will skip a flaming headlight type announcing a "Rattling Prize Fight," or "A Brave Man Pounded to Death in the Ring?" There Avere more people who read, day by day, for months, page after page of the papers about the Beecher trial than there Avere living souls in America when Burr Ridgway was publishing his Weekly Gazette, except when the printer had unexpectedly migrated. One of the largest metropolitan dailies is now edited entirely by telegraph ; that is, it, like the old Gazette, has abandoned its editorial page, and boasts that it "gives all the news;" and as for opinions, its readers may "hustle and find each one for himself." Our fathers were content with column after column of " foreign news," that was generally three months old. It was a month after Commodore Perry's immortal vic tory on Lake Erie before the full particulars were published in Brad ford county. Its splendors were not fully comprehended for years. Prompted by curiosity I read carefully " Consistency's" article in the Gazette, filling over six columns about the " Washington Benevo lent Society." The writer starts out with a Avell-drawn contrast between the conditions, of the rich and the poor ; the rich man 258 historv of Bradford county. walloAving in the lap of luxury, while the poor must submit to the cruel decree, and grin and bear it. Then he plunges deeply into his subject by asking in big capitals the question " What is the form of government best calculated to ameliorate the condition of the poor ? " A very important question indeed. To give every one an equal chance in life ; to allow everyone to enjoy " the fruits of the SAveat of his brow ; " appealing , in capitals again, to " the constitution of nature," and to produce in the body politic justice and equity to all men. Summing up all these great and very practical suggestions he appeals to the members of the Association, to tell the people what form of government will best bring these blessings : " Ye friends of truth, ye statesmen who survey The rich man's joys increase, the poor's decay, 'Tis yours to judge how wide the limits stand Between a splendid and a happy land." These are his broad premises, and they sound somewhat of the prophetic visions of the ancient fisherman. His premises are the greatest political problems that Avere ever presented to mankind — justice and liberty to all men — perfect equality of right, or, in other words, A good Government, something to be hoped for, even before a "splendid" one. The people to whom these grave words were addressed were then founding our government — free to shape it as they willed. Would they make it a good government rather than a splendid one ? The writer had heard perhaps of the splendors of India, where the royal elephants fairly blazed with diamonds and rubies with which they Avere decorated, and the Avealthy women were clothed in fabrics so rich and delicate that they were called " the" woven Aveird ; " they toiled not, and yet in this land of gorgeous splendors more than six million people, the toilers and producers, starved to death in one season of famine. Whether he had or not, certain it is, he had thought profoundly and Avell on that supreme problem of the world, how to attain a good government. The article was surely written by a Republican Democrat, and he addressed his appeal to the opposition— the Republican-Federals. The year 1816, at the very hour this article was given the readers of the Bradford Gazette, it should be remembered that our country was in its infancy of untried experiments, and it is now openly said by history that among some of the greatest men of that time there were divisions on the subject of a centralized government, or a greater power allowed to the people — an aristocracy of rulers, made rich and powerful by government — and that these were to be pampered by the powers and they in turn would care for and protect the people — those who hewed the wood and carried the water. It is not at all curious that this and similar questions should arise among our great ancestors; all were fresh from the very extreme of paternalism in government, Avhen to question the divinity, the infallibility of any ruler in any country or government, Avas treason and deserved quick and ignominious death. An aristocracy of some kind, rich and powerful, and, if good, the necessary friends and protectors of the people, was deemed a thing of a matter of course ; the few superiors, the many subalterns ; the wisdom HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 259 and love of parents guiding and caring for their helpless and innocent brood; a lord fed, clothed and cared for in sickness his dependents or serfs " a few agree To call it freedom when themselves are free," exclaim " consistency!" The king and nobles always agree that when they are happy the country is blessed ; courtiers, minions, sycophants, and dependents bask in the favor of the ruler, and all scheme to secure the most money from the sweat and toil of the people. It was battling these chronic old ideas that the writer was going through so many columns of the paper — it was illuminating the Democratic ideas of Jefferson ; the greatest liberty to the greatest number. It should be borne in mind that at that time it was different from now, especially in the matter of the divine right of kings and rulers, and even though this country has destroyed the office of king, and substituted a constitutional government, yet all were agreed that the people must be protected — their liberties carefully guarded by those in control. In the matter of regulating, controlling, making laws to care for, and protect both the public and private affairs of community ; the country has gone on and on, as the years have rolled by, and customs, habits, and statute laws have been piled one upon another, mountain high. Jefferson's democracy readily joined hands in this work of regulating, even discovering pretexts, plausible and otherwise, for new laws and new and more officials ; protecting the dear people — mistaken good men and great patriots — were the labors day and night of all men. The people grew clamorous for more government, more, more ! One regulating law would require two, three, or a dozen amendments or new laws, and each would require more officials, and they in turn required more and more taxes; but men fe!t they were happy, happy always when they could more and more feel the Aveight or actual presence of the laAv, and the government ever pressing closer and closer about their individual persons. In other words, there was little division among men on the vital question of the true conditions between subjects and rulers, but they parted lines in other directions. For instance, when Bradford county was organized, as an evidence of what the people were contending about, is found some reference in the first issues of the Gazette to the subject of paper currency. The Federalists evidently Avere the men who were accounted as being in favor of government proA'iding.a supply of paper money for circulation, while their opponents, the Republican- Democrats, were for the more solid gold and silver. Following this was the question of the intensity of everyone's ad vocacy of the late, the present or perhaps the future or next war. They were divided in their sympathies between Great Britain and France, or Napoleon, in the wars then raging. The more liberal Democrats were heart and soul for Napoleon, while others were openly or secretly favor ing England. The war of 1812 had emphasized the division between the two political parties. Monroe was president, and those opposed to the Avar vented their anger at him. Chiefly in Bradford county, when it had become organized and offi cered, the divisions Avere the Republicans, Democrats and the Federal- 260 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Republicans — the differences were far more in name than in fact; the former, though New Englanders, were severe in their criticism of the Puritan and his fanatic religious pretensions. Although the country had then recovered from the era of the abundant drowning of witches, no one party, it seems, had its skirts clean enough on this subject to taunt or abuse anyone else, for either mistakes or crimes in this direc tion. The Gazette, during its first six months' existence, published a most remarkable ghost story, without a word of comment, as it was taken from some other paper. In that particular case the shadow was that of a man who had been murdered foully, of course, and the same story is now common stock in much of our light and vicious fic tion, to harrow the souls of credulous children- and weak-minded men. It is safe to assume that there was far more credulity, and a consequent much less disposition to doubt on the subject of supernatural extrava ganzas among the first settlers in the county than there is noAv. The people read their Bibles with a faith and a literal belief in even its de tached sentences, that the most thorough-going church members of to day can hardly understand. No doubt entered their minds when listen ing to the severe dogmatics of their doughty preachers, and the same Avas true as the head of the family or the school teacher read aloud the Aveekly issues of the Bradford Gazette. The greatness and goodness of the minister was measured mostly by the length of his sermons and his tireless lung power. There was a strong combination of supersti tion in religious subjects, and on political subjects among those who built the frame-work of society in the Susquehanna valley — an import ant item when we come, in this day, to weighing and estimating their lives ; in other words the true history of any people or time, lies,often, beneath the surface facts and incidents. You see a madman in irons, held by his strong guards while he raves and froths and would murder any living thing, and you ask his keepers the cause, and they would probably tell you that family trouble, death of wife or children, finan cial difficulties, or that it was religion, excitement or any of the other commonly assigned reasons. This ansAver might be the true one, but as often it is not ; it all may have come from some ancestor generations ago — the cause is often the seed, planted deep from view, in long pre ceding time of the hour that we gather the full and ripened fruit. In 1813 the question of trade Avith England Avas laid before the people of Bradford county. The Gazette copied an article from the Baltimore Patriot, under the head of " The Embargo," at which the writer is overjoyed, and pronounces it a wise and good measure, "a law called for alike by national honor and national interest ;" and he proceeds to say that it will prove more hurtful to England than "even the thunder of a Hull or a Decatur" — a law which is to "nurture our infant into giant manufactures," shorten the Avar by years, and " rescue the souls of millions of neutral agents from the deep damnation of habitual perjury ;" and then proceeds to say : "We present the trib ute of our humble applause to the men who Avisely and resolutely spurned the thraldom of an abused name and passed a wise measure." This Republican continues in the vein of exultation, and is bold to say that the declaration of Avar was the wisest American measure since the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 261 Declaration of Independence, and the enforcement of the " Embargo " will prove to be the most cogent and prudent measure since the decla ration of war, and the writer sincerely hopes the measure will not, like a former one, " become a mere perch for birds of prey." To the "speculators" who cried out against it, saying, "how are we to employ our capital now?" he answers "establish manufactures " — --fit out privateers." As a war measure, it may be readily gleaned from the article referred to, that the Republicans warmly favored the embargo while the Federalists, it may be assumed, opposed it, at least indirectly, and the writer denounces " he Avho would sell his birth-right for a gay coat or any coat ought forever to be a slave in buff," and, in his judgment, the " meanest peasant in America, blessed with these sentiments is a happy man compared with a Tory." About this time appeared in the Gazette a long article signed " Farmer," discussing the dangers of Americans suffering themselves to continue dependent on the use of foreign goods,, and the urgency of securing domestic manufactures of every kind ; he accuses merchants of exacting double prices, if not more, for every foreign article they have for sale. He shows that the tendency is upward in price for foreign goods ; and that merchants are rapidly making enormous for tunes. "Farmer" lays down some rather striking propositions in economics, that is, they would be novel now, after seventy-five years of discussion of the subject of trade with foreign nations. " Such are the mournful results," he exclaims, " of your listening to the artful tales of merchants concerning the subserviency of commerce to agriculture, such the painful and mortifying issues of neglecting domestic manu factures and encouraging those of foreign nations. No sort of com merce favorable to agriculture is beneficial to the farmer, but exporta tion alone; importation and foreign trade are ruinous. * * * The war has no tendency to impoverish the nation ; it sends not a cent out of society, it merely occasions the transfer of property from one to another ; it takes from the central and conveys to the frontier ; taking from the mechanic and giving to the soldier. * * * Only push domestic manufactures and cease to frequent the stores of men who vend foreign goods and send your Avealth abroad and then your impoverishment becomes impossible." In December, 1813, the people read carefully, Madison's message addressed to Congress. This Avas a rapid review of what had transpired in the then war with England ; it was read and reread with infinite pleasure by, doubtless, nearly all the leading Republicans of the county, and, if read at all by the Federalists, it was not with pleasure, but largely for the purpose of finding fault with it. The strongly Democratic-Republican paper of the county in 1813 laid before its readers nearly three columns of reading, that even told of now sounds curious, but is full of suggestions as to the public mind of that time. It is no less than an account, copied from the National Advocate, of a public dinner, giAren at Tammany Hall, New York, " under the direction and superintendence of the Republican General Committee of New York," to Maj.-Gen. William H. Harrison. This 262 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. was the greatest social and, no doubt, political event of the time, and although it was twenty-seven years preceding the elevation of Harrison to the great office of President of the United States, it was, probably, the first round in the ladder that he eventually climbed to the top. The very curious thing about it is that Harrison was nominated and elected, and was always a self-proclaimed pro-slavery Democratic- Republican, yet his election was a Whig victory and a triumph of the memory, the shades, of the old Federalist party. Time unfolds curious conditions, even in politics. While these old pioneer fathers were rigid and strong in every article of political faith, they were equally so, if not more, severe in matters of religion. In politics they quarreled fiercely about war measures, the proper defense of the flag, the building of domestic manufactories and like propositions ; but in matters of religion they were unanimous in the deepest seated faith, the very savagery of dogmas and the pitiless extirpation of heresy, however radically they might differ on points of doxy. Sternly and even severely religious were these American pioneers ; the representatives of the church militant, glorying in self-inflicted penances, and with the sword of Gideon smiting sin hip and thigh ; rare bundles of inconsistency, full of fight and religion ; shoulder to shoulder battling with an invading army ; two souls as one in hating England or fighting Satan and his imps, yet always ready in the fiercest of the struggle even to turn and rend each other on the flimsiest questions of polemics. So full of the spirit of dissent were they that the laymen were ever ready to quarrel with the shepherds, and without a qualm of conscience they split, divided and subdivided their church organizations. Thomas Simpson, the first publisher of the Gazette, understood well the demands of his patrons, as may be seen from the fact that with his paper filled with war and politics, he yet found frequent occa sion to publish long religious sermons that bristled generally with doctrinal points, the animus of which is noticed in the opening sentence of one now before us : " How long, O inhabitants of the earth ! will you suffer yourselves to be deceived by false teachers, delusive spirits, and doctrines of devils?" Then follows a number of " How longs," concluding Avith "How long will you catch at perishable things, out- Avard ordinances or Avater baptism? when you are commanded not to touch, taste or handle those things that perish with the using, after the doctrines and commandments of men! * * * Why follow phan toms that can not save you at the hour of death? take nothing with you that you can not carry into the gates of Heaven : Can you carry water there ? NO ! my jfiriendP There is food for reflection in this ancient sermon. It was the earnest words of a very earnest man, addressed to a people in active accord Avith the speaker. It is a marked characteristic of the times and the people, and yet how can we reconcile the fact that only a few years before this preacher preached, Goldsmith had evolved from his brain that lovable character, the immortal " Vicar of Wakefield " — the ideal of a preacher and his family, and their simple daily home life, as drawn from the fancy of the strolling musician, who played his flute HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 263 through Europe, to the servant girls* and the stable boys, for a chance crust of bread. The demands of mankind called forth the sermon of the living preacher; the divine genius of Goldsmith warbled as the birds of the Avilderness carol to the skies. To-day this good man and his sermon on baptism would, in one of our very fashionable city churches, be laughed at ; but you must not imagine that, therefore, Goldsmith would, on the other hand, be lifted up and lionized by all people. On Broadway, he would be much the poor, wretched outcast he was one hundred years ago in the streets of London — just as likely to freeze and starve in a garret to-day as he did then ; but the preacher and his great sermon would be haughtily directed by the bishop's but ler to apply at the " Little Church Around the Corner." In the early part of 1813, three men were arrested and examined in the preliminary court in New York, on the charge of treason. The Bradford Gazette published the account of the trial, under the head of " More Treason," and is content to simply give the facts and the gist of the testimony, without a word of comment. The parties tried were Abijah and Jacob Biglow and J. W. Jenkins, and, except Abijah, were convicted and bound over to the court, but, when the time for trial came on, these men had fled to Canada. Their treason consisted in having aided in the escape of some British prisoners. As remarked, there were no comments in the Gazette, no vituperation of Americans, who, in the hour of the country's peril, were giving significant aid and comfort to the invading foe, unless, indeed, the words " more treason," that stood at the head of the article, might be construed as a comment — a solemn reflection that there were others in the country who had been playing the part of Judases toward their Government. The mod eration of the paper is significant of the manner of our fathers — a strong contrast indeed to the temper of the people in our late Civil War. This leads us to a notice of the fact that Bradford county, when it was formed, had .men in it who were well known to all the' people as Tories during the War for Independence. They were never molested, there did not seem to be any thought of ill-treating them. They were neighbored with as were other people ; assisted in sickness and in emergencies as were others, as even kith and kin, and if the fact was ever thrown offensively in their faces there is no record or mention of it. These men so tolerant toward the poor Tories — the men so viciously ignorant as not to sympathize with the liberties of their fellow-men, and who committed treason to God and man by their blind adherence to and sympathy for the vile oppressor, and esteemed the fathers as simply rebels deserving the most ignominious death — were never molested, it seems, and it is doubtful if they Avere greatly discriminated against by the very neighbors who held themselves so ready to punish blasphemy, or even a mild form of heresy — a people who would punish the husband for kissing his wife on Sunday ; that had enacted and mercilessly enforced the Blue Laws, and yet so readily forgave treason. In the accounts of the bloody massacre that followed the battle and surrender of Wyoming, are to be found the sickening details of a brother in cold blood shooting to death his pleading 264 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. brother, Avho had escaped unarmed from the fort, and was skulking and hiding, in the vain attempt to get away. The unnatural monster, in answer to the prayer of his brother to spare his life, and he would therefore humbly serve him all his days as a menial slave, was the incredibly brutal one of, " You are a d d rebel," and the rifle finished the sentence. In behalf of the brave revolutionists there is nothing of such infernalism as this charged against them during the long seven years of war ; even the invading enemy were human, and the painted savages were guiltless of that depth of horror — it was a Tory. Not a representative one of course, for such a villain repre sented nothing of man or beast, except himself — he stands alone in his matchless infamy. When there were enough permanent settlers here to form a new county, they had reached a time when men began to draw away from that intense age of religious fanaticism, that wild craze on the subject that had whelmed the civilized world in the five hundred years of the Dark Ages, and were inclined to mix in their thoughts and purposes some of the more practical affairs of life. They were rapidly extend ing the view of life, and the beliefs in supernatural powers in the most trivial affairs among men were loosening their long clutch of men's minds. The representatives of the church, while they had lost none of men's devotional respect for the cloth, for the sacred office they exercised, yet their power in the family circle and in the State, and in the material concerns of the individual were slowly waning. The influence of the churchmen Avas thereby signally bettered. A century preceding, the church had ruled the State and unfortunately wielded the gleaming sword, and interminable religious wars had blasted the bloom of earth, and the most horrid persecutions had filled the air with, the wails of the dying, innocent victims. From these cruel ages the world was slowly emerging, but resistlessly, because slowly, like the rise ofthe continents from the great ocean's depths, men were 'tasting the right of self-government; feeling the power and the good of regulating their own private and social affairs. Would they rush to the other extreme ? The people of Bradford county were deeply interested in the cause of education, even before the county was formed. Their attention Avas called to the fact that Virginia had already taken steps for the early establishment of public free schools, and appeals were sent to the Leg islature to consider the subject. In nearly every rude log church a short term of school Avas taught, at first by the preacher in charge,and in time by his assistant. These were the most primitive subscription schools, to which each parent or guardian paid the bills monthly ofthe children they sent, and so rigid was their economy that the expense of sending a child to these pay-schools was but a fraction of what it now costs to send one to our supposed perfected free schools. A dollar's worth of text books then would supply a large family of school chil dren their entire school days ; in this as in other things, it is left to us to estimate the changes from that time to this. A striking illustration ofthe prevalent credulity of the times the Gazette of 1814 publishes an obituary Avhich is dressed in the extraordi- ^a%^^v:> A ' .' V< /^/V^^^y^ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 267 nary circumstance of being in mourning, that it is ornamented with an inverted rule at each end of the article. It is an account of the death of a Maj. Richard Elliott, of Ohio. Evidently it Avas not that they knew the man or had a personal interest in him, but it was the man ner of the man's death that made it of such vital importance. The name of the man who gave the account is given as a voucher of its truth and credibility. The substance is that on a certain Sabbath even ing the man was passing along the highway, when he saw two lights in the shape of half-moons coming toward him ; when the lights met him they seemed to close him in a circle about the breast, Avhen a voice pronounced these words : " Are you prepared to die?'''' Without hesitation, the man answered " If 'it is God's will, I think lam" The lights then passed on, but turned and followed him until he came opposite the graveyard where they made a stand ; he could see them, by looking back, for half a mile. When the man arrived at home he told his wife, and assured her. that he had but a short time to live ; he related the same to several people, and announced to all that he was about to die. The lights were met on Friday evening, about 9 o'clock ; on Tuesday following, the man was raving insane, and in twenty-four hours died, The lugubrious story concludes Avith the words: "This is a simple statement of the circumstances of his sickness and death." The story is circumstantially told, and is quite ghostly. The men of that day, in their leather jerkins, and the dames at the looms and the spinning-wheels must have read and heard it with complete awe, and the children, no doubt, were freshly alarmed at the dark, and would shut their eyes in the fear of seeing the dreaded moon-shaped lights. The poor man was simply mad —insane beyond question from the first, and then, as now, there were no certain medicaments for the mind diseased. The moon-shaped lights were but witches in another form — men Avere moving slowly away from the suttee of the East, or when "Auld Clootie" would daily come up through the hot crater's mouth to waylay the innocent people on the road, as he had been often caught in the act of finding a person alone, near a graveyard, and seized him, and, despite his struggles and cries, had carried him off, and Avith his precious burden had plunged into the vomiting volcano, on his return visit to his realms Avith his trophy. Men's beliefs were emerging slowly from these frightful conjurings — the travail of the dreary ages. The story of man's frightful superstitions — shadows to us, but horribly real to them — is one of the most painful chapters in human history ; it had filled the Avorld to the mountains' peaks with the deepest gloom, and in trembling and despair they literally called upon the rocks and the mountains to fall upon them and hide them forever from the face of an angry God. However, they were slowly approaching this age in the idea" that the Supreme was not always so unreasonably angry with his children, and that he is all love and justice. " I thy God am a jealous God " is now more generally read " And He so loved the worl'd, etc." The pendulum swings ; ft can never be at rest — the ebb and flow of the wind, as it rises, slowly and spirally, toward God's throne. The opposing theories : inappeasable wrath, implacable hate or mad, convulsive, unreasoning love — the orthodox, with clubs and 268 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. knocks, the altruist sweatiug blood over the innocent failings of ignorance, and offering up the great vicarious sacrifice, are but the ceaseless moan of the great ocean of men's troubled souls moving through the unending eternities. Possibly, here, as everywhere, when the historian comes, great enough, wise enough, and fearless enough to point out the truth that ever lies in the mean of all extremes, then may mankind begin to feel and know that our civilization is safe, founded upon the rock against which the winds and the storms may beat in vain, and foolish good men will cease to heart-bleed and Avail in sadness over the cruel contentions of men — over these beastly struggles to trample upon each other. " All's well ! " Adjusting the prophecies, was in the early part of this century the serious work of many of the world's holy seers; these cabalistic interpreters were a very important feature of the times, and they burned the midnight oil, and the. press teamed Avith their books for all men to read. For a period of twenty years or more these things raged with the utmost activity, like everything of the kind in answer to a popular demand. The obscure parts of the books of Daniel and the Revelations of John, were the fruitful sources of supply for the remarkable output of the press of that day. These ranged in all degrees from the most learned and solemn to the serio-comic, but all intended to show that the great oracles of the church were still abroad in the land ; their erudition was astounding, their secular flavoring overpowering, and their demonstrations startling, ludicrous and Avhimsical. A man named Kett wrote and published a book entitled, " History, the best interpreter of Prophecy," and he seriously demonstrates " The man of sin " is at once " both the Papal power and. the French infi delity ; " that the " little horn of Daniel's fourth beast " designates Mohammedanism, Popery and French infidelity ; the beast of the bottomless pit which slays the two witnesses spoken of in the 11th Chapter of Revelations typifies the same infidel power ; that Daniel's little horn of the goat and of his third beast, the leopard, symbolize Mohammed and the French infidelity ; that the second beast of St. John, Avhich is to arise out of the earth and " the images to which he is to give life " are " infidelity and democracy ; " that the two horns of the beast are "the German illuminati and French pseudo philosophers ; that the particular democratic tyranny, symbolized by the image of the beast, is the revolutionary Republic of France, and that the mark ofthe beast is the tri-colored cockade. A contemporary of Kett's was one who called himself Galloway. This oracle read that the earth out of which John's second beast arose was France; the beast himself the French Republic — his head the legislature ; his two horns the committee of safety, and the fire he was to call down was the wrath of God ; his marvelous performances were the French victories ; the image he was to set up, the prostitute goddess of reason and liberty; his mark the cap of liberty and the cockade ; that his number Latinized, is 666, the name of the monarch Louis XVI. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 269 One of our New England prophet interpreters transposed Napoleon's name into this same mystical number, and a wag set about it and made the same translation of the signs apply to Jefferson's red plush breeches. That irreverent but clever wag deserves a bright immortality. He struck the Avhole gang of lunatics a staggering blow; in the language of the ring, " an uppercut," so neat and deft that it must have brought a grin of approval from even the severest old gospelers of that day. In December, 1815, Benjamin Austin, of Boston, addressed a long'' letter to ex-President Jefferson, propounding very important questions on subjects that were then coming to the surface in this country. To this Mr. Jefferson replied at length, and both were deemed of sufficient importance to republish in the Gazette. The opening paragraph of Mr. Jefferson's reply refers to the existing horrible conditions in France; blames much of this on Napoleon, who failed to use his legitimate powers in the establishment and support of free government, and predicts that the great French people will come in time out of the fiery ordeal in signal triumph and ultimate freedom and democracy. He then says : " You tell me I am quoted by those Avho wish to continue our dependence on England foi» manufactures. There was a time when I might have been so quoted with more candor, but within the thirty years since elapsed how are things changed? We were then in peace, our independent place among nations was then acknowledged ; a commerce Avhich offered the raw materials in exchange for the same material, after receiving the last touch of industry, was worthy the attention of all nations. It Avas expected that those especially to whom manufacturing industry was important Avould cherish the friendship of such customers by every favor. * ¦* * Under this prospect the question seemed legitimate, whether with such an immensity of unimproved land, court ing the hand of husbandry, the industry of agriculture or that of man ufactures, Avould add most to that of the national wealth. And the doubt on the utility of American manufactures was entertained on this consideration chiefly; that to the labor of the husbandman a vast addition is made by the spontaneous energies of the earth on which it is employed; for one grain of wheat committed to the earth she renders twenty, thirty and even fifty fold — whereas the labor of the manufacturer falls in most instances vastly below this. * * * What a field it did promise for the occupation of the ocean — what a nursery for that class of citizens who were to exercise and maintain our equal rights on that element. This was the state of things in 1785, when the 'Notes on Virginia ' were first published ; when the ocean being open to all nations, and their common right in it acknowledged and exercised. * * * But who in 1785 could foresee the rapid depravity which was to render the close of that century a disgrace to the history of civilized society? Who would have imagined that the two most distinguished in the rank of nations for science and civilization would have suddenly descended from that honorable eminence, and setting at defiance all those moral laws established by the Author of nature between nation and nation, as between man and man, would cover earth and sea with robberies and piracies merely because 270 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. strong enough to do it with temporal impunity, and that under this disbandonment of nations from social order, we should have been despoiled of a thousand ships and have thousands of our citizens reduced to Algerine slavery?" He proceeds to show that the French joined England in this crusade against American com merce on the seas. Being thus excluded from the free interchange of nations, he reaches the question of making ourselves independent for the comforts of life, and declares "Ave must fabricate them for our selves." " We must now," he continues, " place the manufacturer by the side of the agriculturist. The former question is suppressed or rather assumes anew form. The grand inquiry now is, shall we make our own comforts or go without them, at the will of a foreign nation ? * * * I am proud to say I am not one of these [opposed to American manu factures]. Experience has taught me that manufactures are now as necessary to our independence as to our comfort, and if those who quote me as of a different opinion will keep pace with me in purchas ing nothing foreign, where an equivalent of domestic fabrics can be obtained, without regard to difference of price, it will not be our fault if we do not soon have a supply at home equal to our demand. If it shall be proposed to go beyond our supply,- the question of '85 will then recur, viz. : Will our surplus labor then be more beneficially employed in the culture of the earth or in the fabrication of art ? We have time yet for consideration before that question will press upon us ; and the maxims to be applied Avill depend on the circumstances that will then exist. For in so complicated a science as political economy, no one axiom can be laid down as wise and expedient for all times and circumstances." To this beginning of the subjects concerning our foreign commerce we have now added our seventy-five years of experimenting and much continuous discussion. At certain periods the question would be laid temporarily aside for other issues, yet when these had their time and passed away, then the two great political parties would resume the never-ending discussions of the questions of the tariffs. Is not much of the same uncertainty among the people to be found now that there was three-quarters of a century ago ? At the National fall election of 1888, after more than a year of continuous discussion of the subject of high tariff and low tariff on imports, a year of discussion in which there were less of side issues than had ever before been connected with the tariff question, and the vote of the country sustained the advocates of tariff — President Harrison was elected on this issue in 1888, and this Avas emphasized by the election of a majority in Congress of that po litical faith. The three co-ordinate branches of government were now in accord, and it was claimed, with much apparent truth, that the ques tion was now happily settled — the people had declared for that policy. But in two short years, 1890, with the issue still more sharply defined, in the election of a new Congress, the results of 1888 were overwhelm ingly reversed. Thus one election "settles" this important question, and immediately following the next election will completely unsettle it, it seems. These whirligigs of time are not only interesting to the historian, but they are the poised scales in which he may best weigh HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 271 and judge the important movements of the American people. These remarkable changes, something approaching a quick revolution of the public judgment, may render the lives of the professional politicians a burden, delicious to the " outs," calamitous to the " ins ;" but they are on the whole a good sign — they bespeak the activity of the public mind on questions of the common weal where numerous mistakes are atoned in final justice and truth. CHAPTER XIV. BRADFORD COUNTY CIVIL LIST. Past and Present State Officials— Past and Present County Officials. LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR. UNITED STATES SENATORS. MEMBERS OF CONGRESS. William T. Davies Samuel McKean David Wilmot Samuel McKean John Laporte David Wilmot Henry W. Tracy Ulysses Mercur Joseph Powell Edward Overton - JUDGE OF THE UNITED STATES COURT OF CLAIMS. David Wilmot CONSUL TO SANTA CRUZ, AVEST INDIES. Edward H. Perkins 1SS6-91 1835-391861-631822-241834-36 1844-501S62-64 1S64-71 1874-76 1876-80 1S63-681862 — DEPUTY COLLECTOR OF PORT OF PHILADELPHIA. Henry W. Tracy - 1866-6S Joseph Powell 1885 (Incumbent) SURVEYOR OF PORT OF PHILADELPHIA. E. Reed Myer 1861-67 E. O'Meara Goodrich 1869-81 DEPUTY SURVEYOR OF PORT OF PHILADELPHIA. Hiram P. Goodrich . 1S69-81 SECRETARY OF THE COMMONWEALTH. Samuel McKean 1829-32 .DEPUTY SECRETARY OF THE COMMONWEALTH. Elisha S. Goodrich 1852-55 SURVEYOR GENERAL. John Laporte 1845-51 272 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. JUSTICE OF SUPREME COURT. Ulysses Mercur, 1872 — became Chief Justice, January, 1883, and died in office. STATE SUPERINTENDENT OF COMMON SCHOOLS. Charles R. Coburn 1863-66. STATE SENATORS. Henry Welles, 1815-18. District— Lycoming, Clinton, Centre, McKean, Bradford and Tioga. Samuel McKean, 1829-30 (resigned to become Secretary of Commonwealth) — Bradford, Susquehanna and Tioga. Reuben Wilbur, 1830-37 — Bradford, Susquehanna and Tioga. Elihu Case, 1837-40 — Susquehanna and Bradford. Gordon F. Mason, 1846-49 — Bradford and Tioga. George Sanderson, 1850-53 — Susque hanna, Bradford, Wyoming. E. Reed Myer, 1856-59 — Susquehanna, Bradford and Wyoming. George Landon, 1859-62 and 1865-68 — Susquehanna, Bradford and Wj'oming. Delos Rockwell, 1874-76 — Susquehanna, Bradford and Wyoming. William T. Davies, 1876-84 — Bradford and Wyoming. J. K. Newell, 1884 (incumbent) — Brad ford and Wyoming. MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. From 1774 to 1782, inclusive, Bradford county formed part of Westmoreland, State of Connecticut, and sent members to the semi annual sessions of the Legislature at Hartford, as follows: September, 1774, Christopher Avery ; October, 1781, Obadiah Gore, Capt. John Franklin ; May, 1782, Obadiah Gore ; October, 1782, Obadiah Gore. District — Lycoming, Bradford, Tioga and I- otter Counties — 1813- 14 — Henry Welles. District — Bradford and Tioga, Counties — 1815-19, Samel McKean, 1820-22, Simon Kinney. District— Bradford County (one member) — 1822-23, Wm. Myer ; 1823-26, Lemuel Streeter; 1826-28, Constant Mathewson ; 1828-29, John Laporte. District — Bradford and Tioga (two members). — 1829-32, John La porte; 1832-33, Ellis LeAvis; 1833-35, Lockwood Smith ; 1835-36, Darius Bullock, Isaac Myer. District — Bradford- (one member).— 1836-37, Isaac Cooley; 1837-38, George Kinnev; 1838-40, David S. Barstow ; 1840-41, Stephen Pierce; 1841-43, William Elwell. District — Bradford (two members). — 1843-45, John Elliott, Irad Wilson ; 1845-46, John L. Webb, Victor E. Piollet ; 1846-47, V. E. Piollet, Francis Smith; 18447-8, Francis Smith, Arunah Wattles; 1848-49, Arunah Wattles, Charles Stockwell ; 1849-50, Joseph C. Powell, Charles Stockwell; 1850-52, Addison McKean, Henry Gibbs; 1852-54, Wm. E. Barton, John Passmore ; 1854-56, Bartholomew La porte, Judson Holcomb ; 1856-58, C. F. Nichols, J. B. G. Babcock ; 1858-60. O. H. P. Kinney, Thomas Smead ; 1860-62, Henry W. Tracy, C. T. Bliss ; 1862-63, Drummer Lilley, B. Laporte ; 1863-64, D. Lillev, Jos. H. Marsh; '1864-65, Jos. H. Marsh, Lorenzo Grennell ; 1865-66, G. W. Kinney, L. Grennell ; 1866-67, Jas. H. Webb, G. W. Kinnev ; 1867-70, Jas. II. Webb, John F. Chamberlain ; 1870-71, Jas. II. Webb, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 273 P. H. Buck ; 1871-72, P. H. Buck, B. S. Dartt ; 1872-73, B. S. Dartt, E. Reed Myer ; 1873-74, E. Reed Myer, Jas. H. Webb. District — Bradford (three members). — 1874-76, Geo. Moscrip, Eli jah G. Tracy, Uriah Terry ; 1876-78, E. Reed Myer, James Foster, John F. Gillett ; 1878-80, S. D. Harkness, H. J. Madill, Asa Nichols ; 1880-82, J. H. Marsh, E. L. Hillis, L. D. Taylor ; 1882-84, E. J. Ayers, Benj. B. Mitchell, J. P. Coburn ; 1884-86, J. H. Shaw, H. Howell, S. D. Sterigere; 1886-88, C. W. Juton, W. B. Heckman, W. S. Kinney ; 1888-90, M. O. Loomis, J. C. Faulkner, L. J. Culver ; 1890-92, Loren Forrest, L. Lewis, A. B. Sumner. DELEGATES TO CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION. 1837 — Almon H. Reed, Senatorial (Bradford, Susquehanna). Nath aniel Clapp, Representative (Bradford) ; 1873 — George F. Horton, Jos. G. Patton. PRESIDENT JUDGE6. John B. Gibson, 1812 to Sept., 1816; Thomas Burnside, 1817; Edward Herrick, Sept., 1818, to Sept., 1839 ; John N. Conyngham, 1839 to 1849 ; Horace Williston, 1849 to 1851 ; David Wilmot, 1851 to 1861 ; Ulysses Mercur, 1861 to 1865 ; Ferris B. Streeter, 1865 to 1874 ; Paul D. Morrow, 1874 to 1890 ; B. M. Peck, 1890 (incumbent). ADDITIONAL LAW JUDGE. Paul D. Morrow, 1870 to 1874. ASSOCIATE JUDGES. Geo. Scott, Oct., 1812, to May, 1818 ; John McKean, Oct., 1812, to May, 1837; Jonathan Stevens, May, 1818, to 1840-41; John Laporte, 1839 to 1845 ; Abraham Goodwin, 1841 to 1844; David M. Bull, 1845; Harry Morgan, 1846 to 1851 ; Reuben Wilber, 1846 to 1851 ; Myron Ballard, elected 1851 ; Harry Ackley, elected 1851 ; Aaron Chubbuck, elected 1856; John F. Long, elected 1856; John Passmore, elected 1858 ; V. M. Long, elected 1861 ; L. P. Stalford, elected 1 863; J. Wilson Vandyke, elected 1866 ; Zebulon Frisbie, elected 1868 ; Stephen D. Harkness, elected 1871; Chauncey S. Russell, 1873 to 1875. SHERIFFS.* Abner C. Rockwell, appointed December 9, 1812; John Spald ing, 2d, appointed December 9, 1815; Lemuel Streeter, appointed December 14, 1818; Joseph C. Powell, appointed October 30, 1821; Reuben Wilber, appointed October 28, 1824; Benjamin McKean, appointed November 27, 1827; Lockwood Smith, Jr., appointed December, 1830 ; John L. Webb, appointed December, 1833; Guy Tozer, appointed November, 1836 ; Ira H. Stephens, elected October, 1839 ; John N. Weston, elected October, 1842 ; John F. Means, elected October, 1845 ; William S. Dobbins, elected October, 1848 ; Chester Thomas, elected October, 1851 ; John A. Codding, elected October 1854; Thomas M. Woodruff elected, October, 1857;* A. Hanson Spald ing, elected October, 1860 ; J. Monroe Smith, elected October, 1863 ; William Griffis, elected October, 1866 ; J. Perry Van Fleet, elected October, 1869 ; J. Monroe Smith, elected October, 1872 ; Andrew J. Layton, elected November, 1875; Peter J. Dean, elected November, * The two candidates having: the highest number of votes were returned to the Governor, ot whom he appointed one to be sheriff. The same rule held in regard to coroner. 274 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1878 ; William T. Horton, elected November, 1881 ; Dallas J. Sweet, elected November, 1884; Morris Shepard, elected November, 1887 ; Joseph Powell, elected November, 1890. PROTHONOTARY, CLERK OF OYER AND TERMINER AND QUARTER SESSIONS. Charles F.Welles, 1812 to 1818; George Scott, 1818 to 1830; Darius Bullock, 1830 to 1831 ;. Alpheus Ingham, 1831 ; James P. Bull, May, 1831 to 1836; Samuel Strait, 1836; Joseph C. Powell, Oct., 1836 to 1839; David Cash, elected 1839; Aaron Chubbuck, elected 1842; Addison McKean, elected 1845 ; Allen McKean, elected 1848-51-54- 57: E. O'Meara Goodrich, elected 1860-63, Wm. A. Thomas, elected 1866-69 ; Benjamin M. Peck, elected 1872-75 ; Geo. W. Blackman, elected 1878-81 ; Wm. J. Young, elected 1884-90 ; H. J. Madill, elected (incumbent) 1891. REGISTER OF WILLS, RECORDER OF DEEDS, AND CLERK OF ORPHANS' COURT. Charles F. Welles, appointed, 1812-1818 ; Geo. Scott, Clerk Or phans' Court, 1818 to 1830 ; Eliphalet Mason, Register and Recorder, 1818 to 1820; Charles Whithead, Register and Recorder, 1820 to 1824; Alpheus Ingham, Register and Recorder and Clerk, 1824 to 1831 ; Elisha S. Goodrich, 1831 to 1836 ; George A. Mix, 1836 to 1838 ; Drum mer Lilley, 1838 to 1839; Ephraim W. Baird, elected, 1839; Julius Russell, elected 1842 ; Lyman DeWolf, elected 1845 ; Horatio Black, elected 1848 ; H. Lawrence Scott, elected 1851 ; James H. Webb, elected 1854 and 1857; Nathan C. Elsbree, elected 1860 and 1863 ;¦ Henry J. Madill, elected 1866; Chas. E. Gladding, elected 1869; Otis J. Chubbuck, elected 1872; Cephas E. Andrus, elected 1875 ; Addison C. Frisbie, elected 1878 ; James H. Webb, elected 1881 ; Adelbert D. Munn, elected 1884; James Hurst, elected 1887; Chas. M. Hall, elected 1890. DISTRICT ATTORNEYS. Thomas Smead, elected October, 1850 ; James Macfarlane, elected October, 1853; Paul D. Morrow, elected October, 1856 ; Guy H. Wat kins elected October, 1859; George D. Montanye, elected October, 1862; William T. Davies, elected October, 1865 ; Warner H. Carnochan, elected October, 1868 ; Joseph B. Reeve, elected October, 1871 ; John N. Califf, elected October, 1874; Isaiah McPherson, elected November, 1877; Adelbert Fanning, elected November, 1880 ; Eleazer J. Angle, elected November, 1883; J. A. Wilt, elected November, 1886; J. W. Codding, elected November, 1889. COUNTY TREASURERS.* Harry Spalding, appointed January, 1813-14; William Means, appointed January, 1815 ; Simon Kinney, appointed January, 1816-17 ; Henry Mercur, appointed January, 1818-20; Gurdon Hewitt, appointed January, 1821-22; George Scott, appointed January, 1823 ; AndreAV Irvine, appointed January, 1824-26; James P. Bull, appointed January, 1827-28; Alpheus Ingham, appointed January, 1829 ; Andrew Irvine, appointed January, 1830 ; William Russell, appointed January, 1831-32; Chauncey Frisbie, appointed January, 1833-34, David M. Bull, appointed January, 1835-37; John E.Hale, appointed January, 1838-40 ; Wm. B. Storm, appointed January, 1841; Charles Stockwell, elected 'Appointments were made hy the commissioners. m ^ff| m rZL HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 277 October, 1841 ; Leonard Pierce, elected October, 1843 ; Jacob Reel, elected October, 1845 ; James M. Peck, elected October, 1847 ; John Horton, elected October, 1849 ; Benj. Wilcox, elected October, 1851. Preceptor Forbes, elected Oct., 1853 ; Ezra C. Kellogg, elected Oct., 1855 ; E. Percival ShaAv, elected Oct., 1857 ; Wm. Griffis, elected, Oct., 1859 ; Francis Watts, elected Oct., 1861 ; Stephen D. Harkness, elected Oct., 1863 ; J. Perry Van Fleet, elected Oct., 1865 ; Chas. A. Morey, elected Oct., 1867 ; C. K. Ladd, elected Oct., 1869 ; Wm. Bunyan, elected Oct., 1871 ; Matthew Marshall, elected Oct., 1873 ; James C. Robinson, elected Nov., 1875 , John H. Grant, elected Nov., 1878 ; Eben Lilley, elected Nov., 1881 ; J. Leman Elsbree, elected Nov., 1884; Luman Putnam, elected Nov., 1887 ; C. T. Hull, elected Nov., 1890. COUNTY COMMISSIONERS. Joseph Kinney, elected Oct., 1812 ; Justus Gaylord, elected Oct., 1812 ; Wm. Myer, elected Oct., 1812 ; Burr Ridgway, elected Oct., 1813 ; Samuel McKean, elected Oct., 1814 ; Salmon Bosworth, elected Oct., 1815 ; Nathaniel Allen, elected Oct., 1815 ; Eliphalet Mason, elected Oct., 1816 ; Joseph C. PoAvell, elected Oct., 1817 ; Barthol omew Laporte, elected Oct., 1818 ; Wm. Myer, elected Oct., 1819 ; Geo. Hyde, elected Oct., 1820 ; Lemuel Streeter, elected Oct., 1821 ; Darius Bullock, elected Oct., 1822 ; John Taylor, elected Oct., 1823 ; Theodore Leonard, elected Oct., 1824 ; Gould Seymour, elected Oct., 1825 ; Burton Strait, elected Oct., 1826 ; Churchill Barnes, elected Oct., 1827 ; Hezekiah Dunham, elected Oct., 1828 ; Eliphalet Mason, elected Oct., 1829 ; John L. Webb, elected Oct., 1830 ; Isaac Cooley, elected Oct., 1831 ; John Elliott, elected Oct., 1832 ; Morris Spalding, elected Oct., 1833 ; Elias Rockwell-, elected Oct., 1834 ; Harrv Morgan, elected Oct., 1835 ; E. S. Goodrich, elected Oct., 1836 ; Daniel Parke, elected Oct., 1837 ; Ira Stevens, elected Oct., 1838 ; Myron Ballard, elected Oct., 1839 ; Irad S. Wilson, elected Oct., 1839 ; Benjamin Buffington, elected Oct., 1840 ; Edson Aspenwall, elected Oct., 1841 ; Daniel Brink, elected Oct., 1842 ; Joseph Towner, elected Oct., 1843 ; Luman Putman, elected Oct., 1844 ; Ashbel L. Cranmer, elected Oct., 1845 ; John H. Black, elected Oct., 1846 ; Hiram Spear, eleoted Oct., 1847 ; Simeon Decker, elected Oct., 1848 ; Aug. S.Smith, elected Oct., 1849 ; Sturges Squires, elected Oct., 1850 ; Daniel B. Cotton, elected Oct. 1851 ; Isaac A. Park, elected Oct. 1852 , Stuart Smiley, elected Oct., 1853 ; George H. Bull, elected Oct., 1854 ; Perley H. Buck, elected Oct., 1855 ; Drummer Lilley, elected Oct., 1856 ; William A. Thomas, elected Oct., 1859 ; Wm. H. Decker, elected Oct., 1860; Isaac Lyon, elected Oct., 1861 ; Josephus Campbell, elected Oct., 1862 ; Wm. D. Dodge, elected Oct., 1863 ; John Beardslee, elected Oct., 1864. Sterne McKee, elected Oct., 1865 ; Wm. B. Dodge, elected Oct., 1866 ; John A. Moody, elected Oct., 1867; Ezra Loomis, elected Oct., 1868; John B. Hines, elected Oct., 1869 ; E. C. Kellogg, elected Oct., 1870 ; Morris Shepard, elected Oct., 1871 ; Benj. Kuykendall, elected Oct., 1872; Abram Snell, elected Oct., 1873; Morris Shepard, elected Oct., 1874; M. J. Coolbaugh, elected Nov., 1875; George W. Kilmer, elected Nov., 1875; John Baldwin, elected Nov., 1875; James H. Hurst, elected Nov., 1878 ; Daniel Bradford, elected Nov., 1878 ; M, 15 278 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. F. Ransom, elected Nov., 1878; Daniel Bradford, elected Nov., 1881 ; Myron Kingsley, elected Nov., 1881; M. F. Ransom, elected Nov., 1881; Milton O*. Loomis, elected Nov., 1884; Levi W. Towner, elected Nov., 1884; Geo. H. Vandyke, elected Nov., 1884; Sheldon Lindley, Levi Towner, Geo. H. Vandyke, elected 1887 ; Sheldon Lindley, P. S. Squires H. W. McCraney, elected 1890. COUNTY AUDITORS. Clement Paine, Moses Coolbaugh, Jonathan Stephens,, elected Oct., 1813 ; Eliphalet Mason, Wm. F. Dininger, Salmon Bosworth, elected Oct., 1814; Ethan Baldwin, elected Oct., 1815; Lemuel Streeter, Ed ward Herrick, elected Oct., 1816; Jonathan Stevens, elected Oct. 1817; Wm. Means, Geo. Hyde, B. J. Woodruff, elected Oct., 1818 Samuel Bartlett, elected Oct., 1819 ; Harry Morgan, elected Oct., 1820 J. M. Piollet, elected Oct., 1821; Nathaniel Clapp, 'elected Oct., 1822 Burton Strait, elected Oct., 1823; Charles Comstock, elected Oct. 1824; Asa Pratt, elected Oct., 1825; John' Laporte, elected Oct., 1826 Harry Morgan, elected Oct., 1827; J. M. Piollet, elected Oct., 1828 Isaac Cooley, elected Oct., 1828 ; John E. Hale, elected Oct., 1829 Myron Ballard, elected Oct., 1830 ; Samuel Stevens, elected Oct., 1831 ; Abraham Goodwin, elected Oct., 1832; Alpheus Holcomb, elected Oct., 1833 ; Aaron Chubbuck, elected Oct., 1834; Allen McKean, elected Oct., 1835; G. F. Horton, elected Oct., 1836; Harry Ackley, elected Oct., 1837 ; Luman Putnam, elected Oct. 1838 ; James M. Edsall, elected Oct., 1839; Arunah Wattles, elected Oct., 1840; Chester Welles, elected Oct., 1841; Horace Willey, elected Oct., 1842; John Watkins, elected Oct., 1843; J. M. Bishop, elected Oct., 1844; Chas. Hornet, elected Oct., 1845; Lemuel S. Maynard, elected Oct., 1846; Samuel W. Shepard, elected Oct., 1847 ; F. S. Whitman, elected Oct., 1848; Wm. H. Peck, elected Oct., 1849; Wm. Overton, elected Oct., 1850; Edward C. Welles, elected Oct., 1851; Wm. H. Peck, elected Oct., 1852 ; C. F. Nichols, elected Oct., 1853 ; Jonathan Buttles, elected Oct., 1854; Christopher Child, elected Oct., 1855; Francis Hornet, elected Oct., 1856; Lewis B. Pierce, elected Oct., 1857; Robt. Mason, elected Oct., 1858 ; Jeremiah Travis, Jr., elected Oct., 1859 ; E.Reuben DeLong, elected Oct., 1860; Robert Mason, elected Oct., 1861; Geo. R. Acroyd. elected October, 1862 ; C. H. Corbin, elected October, 1863 ; Bobert Mason, elected October, 1864 ; George W. Elliott, elected October, 1865 ; Isaac D. Soper, elected October, 1866; O. D. Field, elected October, 1867; AsaMcKee, Jr., elected October, 1868 ; Walter S. Bowman, elected October, 1869 ; John S. Quick, elected October, 1870 ; A. R. Brown, elected October, 1871 ; Ira Crane, elected October, 1872; E. Reuben DeLong, elected October, 1873; George W. Brink, elected October, 1874 ; Danvers Bourne, J. R. Brasted, William L. Lantz, elected November, 1875 ; Joseph IT. Hurst, Ulysses M.Pratt, Charles P.Welles, elected November, 1S78; William W. Moody, Joseph T. Hested, Charles P. Welles, elected November, 1881 ; Clement F. Heverly, Earl V. Nichols, Job Morley, elected November, 1884; L. L. Gregory, George II. Terry, James Foyle, elected 1887; H. H. Heald, A. Lent, Jr., Charles Jennings, elected 1890. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 279 CLERKS OF COMMISSIONERS. Joseph Kingsbury, appointed January, 1813-14 ; George Scott, appointed January," 1815-20 ; Burr Ridgway, appointed January, 1820; Edwin Benjamin, appointed January, 1821-22; Morris Spalding, appointed January, 1823-24; James P. Bull, appointed January, 1825-26 ; Warren Brown, appointed January, 1827-29 ; Miller Fox, appointed January, 1830-35 ; John E. Hale, appointed January, 1836-37 ; Charles Stockwell, appointed January, 1838-41 ; A. S. Chamberlain, appointed January, 1842-44 ; John M. Wattles, appointed January, 1845-47 ; C. S. Russell, appointed January, 1848-50 ; E. M. Farrar, appointed January, 1851-56 ; E. B. Coolbaugh, appointed January, 1857-62 ; G. E. Fox, appointed January, 1863 ; E. B. Coolbaugh, appointed January, 1864-75 ; William Lewis, appointed January, 1876-82 ; Samuel W. Buck (incumbent), appointed Novem ber, 1882. JURY COMMISSIONERS. Joseph Foulke, W. R. Storrs, elected October, 1867; E.Reuben DeLong, S. W. Buck, elected October, 1870; B. Frank Knapp, C. Edson Ferguson, elected 1873 ; Thomas A. Lee, Frank E. Jayne, elected November, 1876; Volney M.Wilson, Thomas J. Smiley, elected November, 1879 ; Nelson Gilbert, J. Monroe Ayers, elected Novem ber, 1882 ; Mahlon M. Hicks, John R. Fulford, elected November, 1885. Horace Barnes, John E. Dobbins, elected 1888. CORONERS. John Horton, appointed 1813 ; Reuben Wilber, appointed 1815 ; John Minier, appointed 1818; Chauncey Frisbie, appointed 1820 ; John Fox, appointed 1824 ; John L. Webb, appointed 1827 ; John Vandyke, appointed 1830 ; Edwin L. Paine, appointed 1833 ; Aaron Knapp, appointed 1836 ; Henry S. Salisbury, elected 1839 ; Calvin Storm, elected 1842 ; John Hatch, elected 1845 ; Thomas J. Ingham, elected 1848 ; Geo. M. Black, elected 1851 ; W. W. Eastabrooks, elected 1854 ; Newell Leonard, elected 1857; Jeremiah Culp. elected 1860; Abram' Snell, Jr., elected 1863 ; Joseph H. Hurst, elected 1866 ; John F. Dodge, elected 1869; J. Valentine Geiger, elected 1872; Daniel B. Walker, elected 1875-78-81 ; Clinton H. Scott, elected 1882 ; Volney Hornet, elected 1884; Ben. T. Strunk, elected 1887; Ben. T. Strunk, elected 1890. COUNTY SURVEYORS. Jonathan Stevens, appointed Deputy Surveyor 1812 ; Zephcn Flower, appointed Deputy Surveyor 1821 ; Eliphalet Mason, appointed Deputy Surveyor 1824 ; Gordon F. Mason, appointed Deputy Surveyor 1830 ; James M. Edsall, appointed Deputy Surveyor 1833; Rowland Wilcox, appointed Deputy Surveyor 1836 ; Edgar G. Nichols, elected 1850 ; James A. Paine, elected 1853 ; Joseph E. Spalding, elected 1856; Josiah J. Newell, elected 1859-62-65 ; Oliver W. Stevens, elected 1868 ; Joseph E. Spalding, elected 1871 ; George V. Myer, elected 1874 ; T. A. Seward, elected 1877-80; Oliver A. Gilbert, elected 1883; Hiram E. Bull, present incumbent. COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS. Emanuel Guyer, elected 1854; Charles R. Coburn, elected 1857- 280 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 60; Otis J. Chubbuck. elected 1863-66; Austin A. Keeney, elected 1869-72-75 ; J. Andrew Wilt, appointed to fill vacancv, January, 1878 ; George W. Ryan (incumbent), elected 1878-81-84-87-90. PRESENT COUNTY OFFICIALS. President Judge, Benjamin M. Peck. Sheriff, Joseph Powell ; Thomas F. Foley, Deputy. Prothonotary, II. J. Madill; C. F. Heverly, Deputy. Register and Recorder and Clerk of the Orphans' Court, Charles M. Hall; 0. L. Smiley, Deputy. District Attorney, John W. Codding. Court Stenographer, Arthur Head. County Commissioners, S. H. Lindley, P. S. Squires, W. H. McCraney ; John Dean, Clerk. Treasurer, Charles T. Hull; William Maxwell, Deputy. Coroner, Benjamin T. Strunk. County Surveyor, Hiram E. Bull. Jury Com missioners, John E. Dobbins, Horace Barnes. CHAPTER XV. POLITICAL. First Meetings and Elections — Why Federalists — Jefferson and Hamilton — Land Question — First Two Voting Districts — Fed eral and Whig Parties Overthrown — Old Labor Party — Lin coln, Douglas and Trumbull, an Episode — Election Returns to Date— Etc. THERE had been permanent settlers here a considerable time before there was such a thing as distinctive American politics ; before even there was any strong point for neighbors to argue and contend about, except some question relating to their religion, or the conduct of the French-Indian war, or something of that nature. After the "Boston Tea Party" there was furnished all a bone of contention. The controlling element in society Avere the Anglo-Saxons, a race in tensely patriotic, bowing Avith an Eastern devotion at the shrine of royalty, and yet fiercely jealous of any encroachment upon the most trivial reserved rights of the people; their ancestors had made great kings, and chopped off the heads of a greater number of them than had any other people in history ; savagely religious, they had struck the temporal power of the Pope the blow that in time destroyed it. When the war of Independence was happily ended and our people had, by a mere hair's breadth, escaped placing themselves under their own chosen crowned head ; the greatest man in the tide of time, incomparably great in war for the liberty of the people, but far nobler and greater in peace, Avas at the head of "affairs, as the Avise mentor of a people confronting the supreme problem of founding the Republic; then arose the first glimmer of what, in the one hundred years, grew to be the wide-branching and fruitful tree, American politics. The ship of State had been successfully launched, and now she must be ably HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY". 281 manned, officered, and piloted in the unknown waters, on treacherous seas where were no charts or beacon lights to point the way to the peaceful haven. A short paragraph is gi\'en in some of our histories to a little inci dent that is full of deep significance the more it is studied. In laying the very foundation of the Republic, almost the first question, after peace Avas declared, was the indebtedness that had been incurred in the prosecution of the war. In addition to what was due our own people, it was found that there Averenine million dollars due to foreign nations. The executive body chosen to consider this great problem, all realized that here was perhaps the greatest difficulty menacing the new government, the presiding officer of which was the immortal Benjamin Franklin. This immense debt was the young Nation's nightmare, and these great and good men realized much of the black hopelessness that stared them in the face ; in considering it, days and nights and patient weeks and months, they reasoned on the subject of how to pro vide for it — a very ghost at the feast that would not down. The deliberative body, composed of men who have had few equals, and no superiors, solemnly concluded finally that the young Republic could never pay the enormous amount, and that all that could be done was to break up the Government, and divide the territory among the Nation's creditors — if they would accept that as full payment. This delicate subject was handled as one of the State secrets of the time ; not thrown before the people for their consideration and discussion ; whether because they assumed the people would not understand it, or it might result in great evil influence on the public mind, is not now known. Our Government still has its •• State secrets," which, in the judgment of some good men, is but a relic transmitted from the old feudal monarchies. To the glory of mankind, our infant Republic was not broken up and divided among its creditors in payment of the hopeless debt of $9,000,000. As to the great and brave men, Americans, who had suf fered so much in the long and cruel war, so many lives sacrificed, and such indescribable suffering and Avant, broken hemes and hearts, and fortunes upon the altare of freedom, the indebtedness to them in dollars and cents was a matter largely of indifference ; it was the people's Government, and whatever it might owe its people was simply due to itself and could stand indefinitely, but all foreign debts must be paid, and how was it possible to extract blood from a turnip i In 17S9 Washington became President, and, for the next eight years, the half- dozen families in Bradford county had no defined lines in politics, on which to divide in contention. In 1797 John Adams succeeded Wash ington, and then the faint lines of the opposition to the Federalists became visible, as they shot athwart the political horizon. The four yeare of Adams, as the Chief Executive of the nation, prepared the way for Jefferson's succession, and the line of division in parties became constantly more and more clearly defined. The eight years of Jeffer son brought matters down to nearly the hour of the creation of Brad ford county, wben every man in the community was expected to both preach, and pray, and vote for his own chosen party. The first four 282 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of Madison's eight years in the office of President were but half gone when Bradford county completed its civil organization, and the people were called upon to express their judgments on local affairs through the ballot box. Whether Jefferson stood in the way of that imperial mind, Hamilton, or not, and thwarted his cherished idea of a strong central government, or whether Jefferson called into active existence the very prominent political life of Hamilton, men may now differ in regard to the fact, but certain it is these are the representatives of the central opposing political ideas that have run throughout the life of our Nation. The history of the formation of the Federal Constitution shows clearlv that there was at that time a large and influential body of men in this country who seriously doubted, if they did not absolutely deny, the capacity of the people to govern themselves. They believed in the establishment and maintenance of a great central power, as far removed from the influence of populor opinion as possible with an Executive and Senators, as well as judges, chosen for life ; and Mr. Hamilton, Avent so far as to declare that he was in favor of extinguishing the State Governments entirely, but did not actually propose such a measure, for the sole reason, as he stated, that it would shock public sentiment. In his plan of government submitted to Mr. Madison he proposed that the President should be chosen for life, and should possess an absolute power to veto the acts of Congress. Senators were also to be chosen for life, and the Senate was to have the sole power to declare war : the right of suffrage in the choice of Senators and Presidential electors Avas to be limited to those who owned real estate in their own right, or in the right of their wives ; and in order that the people of the several States might be more effectually deprived of the right of self-government, it was provided that their governors should be appointed under the authority of the United States, for indefinite terms, and should have the absolute power to negative all acts of the State Legislatures. In his speeches in the Convention, he distinctly announced that he had no faith in popular government in this country, and contemptuously said that no matter how such govern ments might be modified, they were " but pork still, with a change of sauce." In relation to the powers, duties and responsibilities of the Executive, he declared that the English model was the only good one, and he wanted an American President as nearly like a British King as possible, except that he should hold his office for life by election instead of inheritance. Hamilton was a man who believed in the authority of precedent, and for this as a guide there were supreme reasons for his judgment that the English form of government was at that time the best in the world or in history, and not onlv that, but possibly the best that the world's intelligence would bear — the power of the King Fetich, the infallible ruler, who should be regardful only of the reserved rights of the rich aristocrats, and these two combined would the best care for and protect the people — the hewers of wood and haulers of water. This at that time was the world's best experience, and the true interpretation of man in his best and highest form. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 2Ni Could Hamilton have foreseen the rotten boroughs, some of this unspeakable corruption that has found its way to the ballot box, that has come in time, he would have held in his hand a weapon that Jefferson would have found difficulty in warding off its blows. The few that were in what is now Bi"adford county, as they were then citizens of Luzerne and Lycoming counties, had not voted for Jefferson nor his successor, Madison. When the county completed its first civil government, the country was at the door of the War of 1812-15. The majority of the people were Federalists and the decid ing factor in men's minds in this county was the very important and nearly vital question of the disputed land titles between Pennsyl vania and Connecticut colonists. The authorities of both States supposed that this strip of territory, including this and other counties, belonged, under the original crown grant, to them respectively ; the Penns had granted and sold manors — a species of feudal rights, exceed ingly liberal in their terms, yet retaining the fee and demanding the perpetual acknowledgment of the Proprietaries' rights by at least a nominal tribute, while the Connecticut authorities had sold township after township of land, giving freely the fee upon the permanent loca tion of the agreed number of settlers thereon. The conflict of title arose over the indefiniteness of the crown grant in describing and locat ing the lines after they had proceeded west from the ocean into the unknown wilderness. Prior to, as well as at the same time, the same question was mooted on the south line of Pennsylvania, between the Pro prietaries and Calvert of Maryland, which finally was adjusted, after years of serious contention and some bloodshed, in the establishment of the historical " Mason «!t Dixon's Line.'' On the south the conten tion over the disputed strip was between the Quakers and the Catho lics ; on the north it was between the Quakers and the Yankees, but in all such vexatious questions the final and permanent adjustment was always exactly on the lines claimed by the Proprietaries of Penn sylvania. In fixing the northern line of the State, the north line of Bradford county, resort had to be had to the arbitration of the courts, and Com missions were appointed for that purpose. Connecticut claimed the land south even of the south line of the county, and commenced systematic ally the work of occupying it. The grant of the Six Nations had been made to the Susquehanna Company, and much in the spirit of the '• boomers " that recently gathered in such crowds on the borders of the new Territory of Oklahoma, the keen-eyed settlers came down the Susquehanna, and up the Susquehanna, and met in dispute as to the possession of the coveted land, now the confines of Bradford county. In this case, as in many others, it seems that those, the most innocent, were in the end the chief sufferers. We can not now know fully in what good faith the Company ofthe Susquehanna made their purchase on the river from which the company took its name, but it may be assumed that it was in implicit good faith and that their title was clear. This mnch is unquestionable, the people who bought of the company were in good faith, and when they were forcibly dispossessed of their homes it was a cruel wrong to them. It was the land question, arising 284 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. from the facts just referred to above, that largely determined the politics of the people of Bradford county. When the enabling act, creating the county, was passed in 1810,"an overwhelming majority of the people Avere those who had come under the auspices of the Susquehanna Company, and therefore at the first election in Bradford county there wras a majority that were Federalists; the vrotefor John Franklin Avas unanimous — they put their faith in that party because they supposed that that Avas the short and certain way to a settlement of the disputed land titles that was a solemn problem to them. They staked their all on the Federal courts, and believed that here they Avould have their titles under the company the more surely confirmed. It is a little difficult now to understand upon what ground this impression rested, but it had gone abroad, although, as earhy as 1795, a test case was decided in the United States Circuit Court against the Connecticut claimant. Col. Franklin Avas the central figure of North ern Pennsylvania and the people would vote for him regardless of his politics. The members representing Luzerne county -in Assembly from 1787 to 1802 inclusive, Avere as follows: 1787, John Paul Schott ; 17S8, Obadiah Gore ; 1789, Obadiah Gore ; 1790, Obadiah Gore ; 1791, Simon Spalding ; 1792, Simon Spalding ; 1793, Ebenezer BoAvman ; 1794, Benjamin Carpenter; 1795, John Franklin; 1796, John Franklin; 1797, Rosewell Welles ; 1798, Rose well Welles ; 1799, John Franklin ; 1800, John Franklin ; 1801, John Franklin ; 1S02, John Franklin and Rosewell Welles. These were nearly all Bradford county men. That is, what is now Bradford county was the* the strongest and leading part of Luzerne county. The Bradford count\r people held their first joyful and patriotic Fourth-of-July celebration in 1801, and the previous year had voted in the election districts that had been provided in this part of the two counties of Luzerne and Lycoming. The first political meetings within this territory had been held in the year 1799. These meetings and elections were in the ancient townships of Ulster, Springfield, Allens burg and Rindaw. They Avere referred to at the time by the Gazette, of Wilkes-Barre. The meeting of "a respectable number of the inhabi tants " of the townships named, we are informed, met at the house of Jeremiah Lewis in Springfield, for " the purpose of consulting as to who would be the best person for candidate for governor "; Ezekiel Hyde Avas chairman of the meeting and Samuel Gordon, secretary. The next meeting of Avhioh we can now find traces was in 1804, in Rush township. Of these elections, Rev. David Craft, in his history of the county, says that all papers referring to the returns while this was a part of Luzerne county " are hopelessly lost." There are meager and only partial returns for the years 1801, '2, '3, and '4. In 1801 there were two election districts here, Tioga and Wyalusing — the former cast 112 votes and the latter 39. The conclusive "evidence that at this election the voters were not strictly divided on party lines is given in the. vote for Colonel Franklin and John Jenkins. * The can didates for the Assembly Avere John Franklin and Lord Butler, running against Mathias Hollenback and Benjamin Carpenter. In Tiotra the JZ. ^(CHqjJl ZJxi, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 287 vote stood, Butler, 106 ; Franklin, 112 ; Hollenback, 3, and Carpenter, 2. For Commissioner, Arnold Colt received 110 votes and his opponent, Pettibone, 1. In the Wyalusing district, for Assembly, Butler, 20 votes ; Franklin, 23 ; Hollenback, 18 ; Carpenter, 15. For Commissioner, Colt, 24, and Pettibone, 15 votes. At the election, 1802, Thomas McKean Avas standing for re-election as the Democratic candidate for Governor, and was opposed by James Ross, Federalist. Three election districts were then provided in the territory that is now in Bradford county, Wysox township having been added to the two former. The vote for Ross, Federal, was .Tioga, 96, Wysox, 26, and Wyalusing, 36; and for McKean, Democrat, the vote stood 20, 20 and 7, respectively. In a total of 205 votes cast inAvhat is now Bradford county, a little more than three to one Avere Federalists. The vote for Governor better indicates the politics of the people than does the remainder of the ticket, Avhere mostly they were influenced by individual preferences. There were four candidates for the State Senate, who were voted for as follows in the Tioga districts : Joseph Kinney, 58 votes ; Laurence Myers, 21 ; Thomas McWhorter and Nicholas Kern, none. These were evidentl}7 neighbors, voting only for their neighbors, and probably the two latter did not reside in this part of the county, as Nicholas Kern did not receive a single vote in the three Bradford districts. In Wysox, McWhorter received 3 votes, Meyers, 1 7, and Kinney, 32; Avhile in Wyalusing the vote was, Mc Whorter, 28, Myers, 7, Kinney, 6. For Assembly, Franklin received every vote but three in the county, and his popularity is again mani fested in the year 1803, when he received every vote in the county but ten, attesting alike the personal and political popularity of the man. We haAre a strong indication as to who were among the active lead ing Republicans (Democrats), at that ed,r\y time, in a letter dated October^ 1, 1805, by the signers thereto: John Hollenback, Guy Wells, Elisha Keeler, Daniel Ross, M. Miner York, Jabez'Hyde and Benjamin Stalforcl, who addressed William Ross, Esq., and others, informing them that the Republicans of Wysox District have nominated Moses Coolbaugh " and have taiked of Reed Brockway," but are willing to consult with the lower part of the county, and select the person who would be most agreeable to all the freemen of the county." [That word " freemen," in the communication, may sound a little strange to readers now-a-days. It is explained by the statement that at that time Pennsylvania Avas a slave State.] September 25, 1805, the prominent people of Wysox and Orwell met in convention or consultation at the house of Jacob Myer. They described themselves as " reputable and respectable citizens ofthe township." They placed in nomination Moses Coolbaugh and Job Irish. They made a good race, but the Federals could outvote them, and it is said that the street gamins of that day jibed at them and called them " Denis." A meeting at Wyalusing recommended, for the Legislature, Justus Gay lord, Jr., and RosAvell Welles for the Assembly, and John Jenkins for commissioner. Back in the year 1800, October 3, a letter was written by Clement Paine to Col. John Jenkins, in which he said: "The undernamed 288 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. persons in this township (Athens), may be depended upon to give their votes in your favor : Wright Loomis, George Welles, Jonathan Harris, Elias Satterlee, Daniel Satterlee, Capt. Stevens, Pitkin Pratt, John Miller, David Alexander, Capt. Tozer, Maj. MatheAvson, and Capt. Joseph Spalding." He then adds : " We may, I think with safety, calculate on at least double the number I have named above in your favor." The district of Wysox, Wyalusing and Braintrim sent a meeting of delegates to the house of Bartholomew Laporte, in Asylum, Sep tember 17, 1806, when Moses Coolbaugh and Justus Gaylord, Jr., were again put in nomination for the Assembly. This election was con firmed by the other delegates of the county. At the election the vote stood, Justus Gaylord, Jr., 333 votes, and for Justus Gaylord (with the junior left off), 38 votes — total 371 : Moses Coolbaugh received 364 votes. Justus Gaylord, Jr., was defeated because it was held by the judges that the votes omitting the " Jr." were intended for his father, who was quite an old man, and was not a candidate at all. Mr. Coolbaugh was a Democrat, while Maj. Gaylord was a Federal. The first election in the new county of Bradford was in October, 1812, when a full corps of county officers were chosen, every one being a Federalist. One Democrat was elected until 1816, in the person of Eliphalet Mason, county commissioner. All the appointed officers in the county were Democrats, because Gov. Snyder was of that party. This year, 1816, Bradford county swung into the Democratic line, and thus continued, without variation, for twenty years. The county was in touch with the country that Avas drifting away from the old Federal party, which was filially completely overthrown in 1828, and was succeeded by the now long since defunct Whig party. In 1836 the county, on President, gave 58 majority for Harrison, but at the next general election it swung back and gave Van Buren 213 majority over Harrison. In 1828 the old Federal party was finally and completely over thrown, and its immediate successor was the Whig part\\ Bradford county, with but few exceptions, remained true to the Democracy. Up to 1S40, the Abolition party had no strength or standing among our voters, and even then its strength was small. The Democratic party, however, had its trouble, dissensions sprung up, and in time it became a house divided against itself. The State had rid itself of slavery without having made the question a political one ; it had black slaves, and it had indentured servants, and a class of immigrants who had bonded their labor in the old country, for a certain number of years, to companies that brought them over the sea. These contracts were enforced by the law and the courts. In their easy-going mode of life, with the very small " clearins," that were then the farms, the great abundance of fish and game, made servants of small profit. But few tradesmen wanted more than a good, stout apprentice, who was one of the family. There appears no record of any negro slaves naving been brought and permanently held here. The institution never flourished in this State, and the heaviest ownership was along the south line of the State, adjoining Maryland. The immigrants to this HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 289 county, much like all northern frontiersmen, were poor in this world's goods, bringing little wealth except stout hearts and honest industry. The old "Hunker "and "Free Soil" factions sprung up in the Democratic county in the "forties," the first serious dissension in that party's ranks. This, in fact, Avas nothing more than a quarrel over the distribution of the offices, and was brought about mostly by Van Buren, who had failed in securing the nomination at his party's hands, and ran to punish and defeat his successful rival. The names given the factions were mutual terms of derision and con tempt — " Old Hunkers " and " Free Soilers." Neither one of them was at all influenced in this section by any sentiment on the subject of African slavery, whatever may have been the feelings of the people in other sections. An attempt was made, about this time, to organize an Abolition party in Bradford county — John McKinney and Justus Lewis being at the head thereof. In 1839 a general meeting Avas called in Towanda, and an Abolition Speaker from Philadelphia Avas secured to address it — a riot followed, ana the speaker was abused and a hearing denied him. The sober-minded people called on Hon. David Wilmot to pacify the mob; he addressed the excited crowd and took occasion to denounce all Abolitionists, and counseled the people to quietly disperse. The next year a county meeting of Abolitionists was convened at Wysox, which was attended by about 200 people of the county; the meeting was held there for the reason that the people of Towanda, it was understood, would not tolerate its presence. This organization then took the name of "Liberty party," and in 1840 organized and put up its ticket, and for the head of their National ticket in Bradford county there were 26 votes given ; there were 56 votes giA'en for some of the ticket. In other respects the history of this party in this county is but the same as that of it in nearly all the northern counties of the Union, where at least' the early prophets were not without honor save in their own county. In 1842 there was the first, though not the last, Laborer's party in this county. It was organized, and a ticket put in the field : Repre sentative, Chauncey Frisbie, of Orwell ; Sheriff, John Van Dyke, of Canton ; Prothonotary, Theodore Wilder, of Springfield ; Register and Recorder, E- W. Hale, of Monroe ; Commissioner, N. B. Wetmore, of Herrick ; Coroner, Gordon Wilcox, of Smithfield ; Auditor, Benj. Thomas, of Towanda. These people were evidently encouraged at that early day to put up a ticket of their own by the nearly patent fact that the Whig party was in the throes of dissolution; President Harrison died almost as soon as inducted into office, and his vice-president had Tylerized almost as soon as he was firmly in his seat, and the Whigs of Bradford county were aimlessly floundering without a head, and very naturally they made up a headless county ticket; the most of them supported the Laborer's party, possibly not so much because of their love for them as for their desire to down the Democracy and to express their hate of Tyler. The Whig organ in the county — The Scribe— advocated the Laborer's ticket out and out, but the Democrats carried ¦the day by over 300 majority. The Labor party, nothing daunted, kept their adherents together, also 290 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the next year, 1843, and doav established their weekly paper, and, if, at this late day, we may judge that party by the motto that adorned the head of their paper, it certainly deserved success whether it gained it or not. The motto was a strong platform. Here it is, and, pray, Avho may throw the first stone at it ? " The Laborer's party will endeavor to fill all State and county offi ces with the best Avorkingmen that can be found in both old parties. [This is buncomb, but read the next sentence.] We are for low salaries, little legislation, few offices, no sinecures, reduced taxes and strict ac countability of office-holders." The lines italicised are a model party platform. There have been many much longer ones written, but it is exceedingly doubtful if there has ever been a better one. " Low salaries, little legislation, few offi ces, no sinecures and reduced taxes." What more can be said in be half of good government? It is like' the Golden Rule in good morals — the great omnium, where all elaboration merely Aveakens and con fuses. Its supremacy is in its short simplicity. Nearly fifty years — half the life of our nation — have come and gone since these men struck out in this bold line of economics, and now there has arisen a young and powerful party, composed nearly exclusively of the farmers, who are very nearly on the line of the " Laborers " of fifty years ago. When the next hundred years are ruled off and have been added to the life of our great Democracy, who can forecast what will be the dividing political and social questions then deeply interesting all men? Indeed, though we may wander far from present moorings of parties and factions, there is no certainty that we may not circle back by that time to the identical place now occupied. Since the hour of our American victory against the oppressor, man has been in the eager pursuit of a better government — in the Eastern as Avell as in the West ern hemisphere. These ideas now flow in the two lines : First, the old idea of a strong government — absolute power vested in the head, and the military ability, not only to beat back the invader, but to invade and conquer and possess such of your neighbors' domain as you may covet ; Avhere there is the one supreme laAV of might. Second, the other or paral lel idea, is the acquirement of a better government than have been the old ones — in short, a.good government. In many respects these two the ories are directly opposite, and yet it can readily be seen that good men, equally earnest, honest and patriotic may here divide. A man may pride himself upon his country's invincible army and navy ;or its great insti tutions, public buildi ngs, palaces, castles, public libraries, State schools, and colleges, a rich church, and a powerful aristocracy, and the extrava gance of the expenditures upon its great ruler or rulers, or even feel a glow of patriotic pride that his nation has the largest list, and pays the greatest annual sum to its pensioners of any nation in all history; while his next-door neighbor, viewing things from a radically different standpoint, may equally pride himself upon Avhat his neighbor might call the poverty of the government ; that is, but few and cheap public institutions or buildings, the lowest possible salaries to officials of all grades, little or no standing army, and the very minimum of taxes. While verging that way, it can not be said that such issues have HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 291 ever yet exclusively divided our people in political lines. This may come to be the case in time. One thing is patent, Avhile one hundred years ago men took issues, mostly upon the sole question of the limit of the right of people to ATote, in the form of the constitutional powers of the rulers, and the reserved rights of the people, this condition is slowly changing, especially since the experiment of the right of suf frage, almost universal among the males of the nation, as it has existed the past few years. Practical experience thus slowly but surely is educating mankind toward a general betterment. The story of Rome in her day of greatest splendors is told in the boast that was on the lips of every citizen: ••Jam a Roman citizen." This Avas not only a subject of pride, but it Avas held that anyAvhere in the Avorld it was the only needed shield and protection from imposition from out side peoples. The laAv of might Avas clearly then the supreme law of mankind — physical force the great captain of the Avorld. The coming statesman may in time abandon the idea that the peo ple bring and offer up on their country's altar their lives, their honor and their property in the first step in forming a body politic, and then the good government protects and cares for all as the most Avise and loATing parent ; the government being the loving father — the people the obedient and trusting children. This enchanting theory is liable to be worn threadbare in time, and it is possible it may come to be so thoroughly questioned that economists will declare that rulers are mere machines, mere nothings, incapable of much good at best, and that the people are everything — supreme in every natural right to justice, life, liberty and the' pursuit of happiness; the real lords of creation, literally owning the earth, and that they may condescend to appoint this or that servant, called Presidents, Senators, Governors or dog-catchers, and elect to dole out to these menials the pittance of their daily wage. --lam a freeman" may some day be the boast incomparably above that of the old-time Roman citizen. Men will cease to plume themselves and strut in their gay coachman's or police man's uniforms, or any of the badges of servitude, from the Avigs and gowns to the maid's caps. The world will still turn round, the sun Avill shine and the fructifying rains descend, and population increase, even after that terror to nearly all rulers, universal liberty and justice, has come to all men. Man in the untrammeled pursuit of happiness is the godliest being possible for this world to possess. To have striven for this, though never so little, is to wear the crown of crowns, is to be one of the most exalted that has come in the tide of time — is to deserve the fullest and brightest immortality. First Election Avas of course an important affair to the people, and fortunately the old poll book has been recovered wherein there is very nearly a complete' list of the voters given in the county. If this country has any such thing as " the first families," then this list is our royal "400." Look over the list, and see if you can trace your lineage to this list of F. F's. After the formation of the county the " Red Tavern" was the elec tion place for many years. The first election Avas held on the second Tuesday (13th) of October, 1812, for the purpose of electing county 292 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. i officers. The board appointed to conduct the election in Towanda were Eliphalet Mason, inspector ; John Felton, Jacob Bowman, Charles Brown, judges ; Ethan Baldwin and E. B. Gregory, clerks. Those that voted at that election were — Henry Salisbury, William Finch, Henry Spalding, Benjamin Coolbaugh, James Dougherty, Wm. Cool baugh, Ananias Whitman, Solomon Allen, John Pierce, Peter Edsall, Reese Stephens, Usual Carter, Isaac Foster, Nathaniel Edsall, Russell Fowler, Elias Thompson, Samuel Seely, Jacob Wagner, David Blanch- ard, Ezekiel Griffis, Moses Gladden, Jacob Ringer, Nathan Coon, Aaron Carter, William Coolbaugh, Jr., Amos Ackler, Stephen Wilcox, John Goodwin, Wm. Peppers, Wm. McGill, John Head, Andrew Gregg, Ezra Rutty, Thomas Cox, Abial Foster, John Northrup, Benjamin Ackles, Edsall Carr, Absalom Carr, Wm. French, Jr., Wm. B. Spalding, George BoAvman, Noah Spalding, John Mintz, Wm. Means, Moses Warford, Amos Bennett, Jr., Amos V. Mathews, Buckley Chappel, Ezra Rutty, Jr., Stephen Horton, Elisha Carpenter, Lemuel Payson, Abner C. Rockwell, Ebenezer P. Clark, Adonijah Alden, Abijah Northrop, Martin Stratton, Timothy Stratton, Sam'l Needham,Eleazer Sweet, Tim othy Alden, Job Irish, Oliver Nevvell, Moses Rowley, Richard Goff, Solomon Talady, Jr.,Ozias Bingham, John Fox, Jonathan Fowler, Abra ham Foster, Austin Fowler, Wm. Thompson, Isaac Ellsworth, Elisha Cole, Richard Benjamin, Jas. Lewis, Samuel Cranmer, Parly White, John Schrader. Josiah Cranmer, Wm. Goff, John D. Saunders, Ethan Bald win, John Franklin, Jabez Squires, Jacob Bowman, Zabin Williams, John Wythe, Samuel Gilson, James Roales, John Schrader, Jr., Calvin Cranmer, James Northrup, Eliphalet Mason, John Felton, Charles Brown, Jonathan Frisbie, Josiah Stockings, E. B. Gregory, Rufus Foster, Smith Horton, Reuben Hale, Ephraim Ladd, Warner Ladd , RoAvland Wilcox, Sheffield Wilcox, Daniel Miller. Total number of voters, 108. These electors resided in what are now the towns of Asylum, Albany, Monroe, Franklin, and the ToAvandas. The candidates voted for at this election Avere, for Sheriff — A. C. Rockwell, 84 votes ; John Spalding 2d, 25 ; Wm. Means, 40 ; John Mintz, 26; John Taylor, 3; Jacob Boardman, 1; Jacob Bowman, 8; Job Irish, 2; Aaron Carter, 2; Josiah Stocking, 1; John Miner, 1; George Bowman, 1; Elisha Cole, 1; John Fox, 2; Peter Edsall, 1; Andrew Gregg, 1 ; Samuel McKean, 4. Commissioners — John Salt marsh, 35; Samuel Gon, 34; George Scott, 33; Joseph Kinney, 58 ; William Myer, 62 ; Justus Gaylord, 54 ; Eliphalet Mason, 14 ; Jesse Hancock, 3 ; Isaac Chaapel, 2 ; Clement Paine, 6 ; Charles Brown, 1. Coroner — John Fox, 2 ; John Taylor, 43 ; John Horton, 43 ; John Minor, 41 ; Harry Spalding, 48 ; Jacob Bowman. 6; Reuben Hale, 2 ; Job Irish, 1. At the general election, October, 1813, are the following names not contained in the list of 1812 : Daniel Thompson, Thomas Simp son, Chas. F. Welles, A. C. Stuart, Daniel Drake, Nathaniel Talcott, Jesse Woodruff, George Davidson, Burr Ridgway, Christopher Cowel, John Simpkins, Andrew Irwin. In 1843 the "Laborers" were better organized, and nominated in the county a full ticket. It is said they drew their leaders and voters HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 293 from the old parties impartially. George Kinney and Joseph Kings bury Avere Whigs who were prominent leaders in the Laborer's party, and side by side with them Avere the strong Democrats, Asa Pratt and John L. Webb. At that election, 1843, the ticket presented by them was for Congress, Bela Jones of Susquehanna county; Senator, George Kinney, of Sheshequin ; Representative, C. Frisbie, of Orwell and Eli Baird, of Troy; Commissioner, John VanDyke, of Canton ; Treasurer, Wyllys Brownson, of Towanda ; Auditor, Milton Bailey, of Ulster. Again the Whigs made no nominations, so it was the Laborers and Democrats. Kinney carried Bradford county, but was defeated by the vote of Tioga, and so Reed and Sherwood, Democrats, were elected to the Legislature. The vote of the three parties for the two years was as follows : 1842.1843. .ABOE.BKS. DEMOCRATS. WHIGS, 941 2,239 1,662 1,289 1,750 938 This shows that all the gain was to the Laborer's party, while both the others lost in their vote, — much the largest per cent, of loss being from the Whigs. Away back in 1828 the politics of the State was deeply stirred by the anti-Masonic movement that quickly became a political question. The rather nebulous idea that the Masons had murdered a man named Morgan, a member of the order A\rho gave away for gain or notoriety their lodge secrets, began to pass current among the people, and Thad. Stevens, then a young man of Gettysburg, was shrewd and bold enough to seize upon this general delusion, feed and fatten it, and make it the issue in the election then pending. This was a singular exhibition of the public mind. In the first place the Masons never had any secrets in this country, whatever may have been theirs in the Old World, where men had to secretly combine and conspire in defense of their lives and plainest rights. There can be no place for secret political or otherwise organizations in this country ; Avhen that necessity arises then American democracy, all freedom and all justice will have gone forever from our land. The leader of this movement in Bradford county was Mr. O. P. Ballard. It had soon run its brief and brilliant course throughout the State. It never succeeded in getting a majority of the voters in the county, and it peacefully passed away. Jackson was now the idol of the Democracy, Avhile Clay was equally honored by the Whigs. These Avere two strong types of Americans — the dashing and brilliant Clay, the unequalled orator, the man of personal magnetism, challanged on his highway the strong, unyielding, brave and chivalrous Jackson ; so unlike that they may well be said to have been splendidly matched. These were the successors in the great political tournament of Hamilton and Jefferson, and equally as well equipped to leave the impress of their lives upon their day and age. Clay was superb — Jackson was iron ; both Avere patriots, the one as invincible as the other was captivating. It Avas natural that such leaders should reorganize political parties ; reform the ranks and create the new era in American politics, when voters became wrang ling and. often fierce politicians, and all realized that they had leaders 294 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. who possessed pre-eminently the courage of their convictions. Clay would " rather be right than be President," while Jackson, " by the eternal" with the people at his back, struck dead incipient American aristocracy, and of each was it true that their party was their personal following. Nothing of the kind Avas known to the country before their day, nor has any parallel come since. With the election for President in 1852, when Pierce (D.) Avas elected over Scott (W.) the Whig party was finally overthrown and ceased longer to be a factor in American politics. The mantel of Jack son had fallen on the shoulders of Stephen A. Douglas, and the "Little Giant " was forging his Avay to the front rank of living statesmen. The " Free Soil " question was precipitated upon the country by the Kansas- Nebraska question, that followed so closely upon the repeal of the Missouri Compromise, and in 1853 was organized in a county in Illinois, the Republican party. This may not, although it is so claimed in the locality, to have been the first organization ever effected of that party, but it was the one that Avas pregnant Avith the remarkable future that then and there dawned upon the nation. The two leading anti-Doug las men in Illinois and who were a part of this first Republican organ ization were Abraham Lincoln and Lyman Trumbull — the latter had been a Democrat, who had ample reasons to believe he had never been justly treated by the leaders of his party, a NeAV England man, an able lawyer and scholar, but said to be a cold, intellectual tower ; Avhile Mr. Lincoln was a Kentuckian and had been a Whig, and Avhen a youth~had migrated to Illinois with his parents, who pos sessed but a meager share of this world's Avealth. These men were very unlike, as much so personally and mentally as they had been politically and socially. Much the only thing in common between them, now, for the first time brought together in a political strug gle, was the opposition to Douglas, and they joined hands to over throw him, and wrest from him the control of the office of Senator from Illinois. The terms of this agreement were readily adjusted. Lincoln Avas to rally the old Whigs and bring them bodily into the Republican camp, and both supposed that this of course would be the big end of the new party. Trumbull Avas to rally the anti-Douglas Democrats, all those Avho opposed the repeal of the Missouri Compro mise or who had caught the general " Free Soil" cry that then began to be heard all over the North. Gen. Shields Avas the junior Senator from Illinois and the first struggle was to capture the Legislature and it was agreed, in case that Avas done, that Mr. Lincoln should be made Senator, and then in 1858, Avhen Mr. Douglas' term Avould expire, Mr. Trumbull would stand against him for the office. On this basis the State and national election in Illinois, 1856, opened and one of the most remarkable campaigns was fought out. The Republicans carried the Legislature and Mr. Lincoln expected that his fight for Senator was over. When the Legislature met, Mr. Trumbull had gone carefully over the members returned and to his surprise he found that a, majority of those elected as Republicans Avere those who had formerly been Democrats, and he therefore quietly stepped in and took the office of Senator and left Mr. Lincoln to Avarm his toes in the ante-room and ' ' . '¦ ' illpliH I I ilPI HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 297 wait until 1858, and then make the fight against Douglas. Mr. Trum bull was shreAvd enough to realize that to defeat Douglas in his re election was altogether another matter from that of defeating Gen. Shields. It was a bird in the hand with Trumbull, while it was a two- years' Avait and a very uncertain "bird in the bush" in the end with Mr. Lincoln. It is a part of the common history of the country that Douglas and Lincoln canvassed the State, holding joint discussions, from the North Line to Cairo, and Mr. Douglas defeated Mr. Lincoln, and this in the end made Mr. Lincoln President, in 1860. One of the notable things in this celebrated contest for Senator was the fact that the candidates went before the people, and to all practical purposes the choice for Senator was known as soon as the vote was counted ; and this was the first time in the history of the country that this innovation had occurred. This yet umvritten episode in American politics perhaps has had more to do in shaping the history of the Union the past thirty- four years — the greatest era concerning our country — than probably any other circumstance that has ever occurred. Even after the war, and Mr. Lincoln was dead, Trumbull in the Senate voted against Johnson's impeachment, and since that time has been actively identi fied with the Democratic party. These and preceding facts and inci dents are given as explanatory to the reader, and will lend interest to the following compilation of the Bradford county voting in the early days of the county, that are taken as compiled by Rev. David Craft, and also as taken from the official records : 1814: For Governor (Lycoming and Bradford counties combined), Simon Snyder (D), 724 votes ; Isaac Wayne, 11 ; George Latimer, 13 ; total, 748— Democratic majority, 700. 1817: William Findlay, 929 ; Joseph Hiester, 353 ; total, 1,282 — Democratic majority, 576. 1820 : William Findlav, 915 ; Joseph Hiester, 788 ; total,l, 703 — Democratic majority, 127. "1823: J. Andrew Shulze, 977; Andrew Gregg, 80-1; total, 1,781 — Democratic majoritv, 173. In 1826, Shulze received 1,753 A'otes; in 1829.1832 and. 1835, for Governor, Wolfe received respectively 1,219, 1.685 and 1,504 votes. In 1838, the vote for Gover nor Avas, Porter, 2,420, and Joseph Ritner, 2,219. For President, 1824; Jackson, 1640, Adams, 31, Crawford, 16 ; Dem ocratic majority, 1593. 1828, Jackson, 1553, Adams, 910; Democratic majority, 643. 1832, Jackson, 1598, Wirt, 1221; Democratic majoritv, 377. 1836, Harrison, 1521, Van Buren. 1463 ; Whig majority, 58. 1S40, A"an Buren. 2844, Barrison, 2631; Liberty party, '26; Democratic plu rality, 213 1844, Polk, 3495, Clay, 3164, Liberty,-63— total, 6722; Democratic plurality. 331. 1848, Taylor, 3272, Cass, 1889, VanBuren, 1780— total, 6941; Whig over Democrat. 1383 ; Whig over Free Soil, 1493 ; Cass and Van Buren over Taylor, 397. 1852, Pierce, 3930, Scott, 3526, Liberty, 281— total, 7737; Democratic plurality, 404. 1856, Fre mont, 6969, Buchanan, 2314, Fillmore, 71, Liberty, 7— total, 9361; Republican majoritv over all, 4571. I860, Lincoln, 7091, Douglas, 2176, scattering. 31— total, 9228 ; Republican majoritv, 4884. 1864, Lincoln, 7530, McClellan, 3195- total, 10,725 ; Republican majoritv, 4335. 1868, Grant, 7768. Seymour, 3538— total, 11,306 ; Republican majority, 4230. 1872, Grant, 7452, Greeley, 3563, Temperance, 16— total, 11,031; Repub- 16 298 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. lican majority, 3873. 1876, Hayes, 8008, Tilden, 4989, Cooper, 59, scattering, 62 — total, 13,118; Republican majority, 2898. 1880, Gar field, 8152, Hancock, 4950, Weaver, 496. For Congress, C. C. Jadwin (R.), 7974, Robert H.Packer (D.), 4924, Joshua Burrows (N.), 625. 1882, For Governor, Beaver (R.), 5191, Pattison (D.), 4217, Stewart (I.), 1262. The latter Avas Independent-Republican. For Congress, E. Overton, Jr. (R.), 3273, G. A. Post (D.), 3961, C. C. Jadwin (Ind.), 3595. 1884, Blaine, 8405, Cleveland, 4216, Butler, 304, St. John, 521. For Congress, Burwell (R.), 8232, Post (D.), 4474, Dobson, 602, Decker, 107. 1888, Harrison, 8762, Cleveland, 4552, Fisk, 536, Scattered, 58. The last presidential election, 1888, shows that there had been an irregular growth in the Republican majorities in the county since the election of 1856. And that at the last it reached within a few votes of its highest figure, given Lincoln in 1860. But by reference to the State election of 1882, when Pattison, Democrat, was elected gover nor, there was a split in the Republican ranks, which is represented by the votes for Stewart, Independent-Republican candidate for governor, and in this congressional district there was a split likeAvise in the Republican congressional vote, Avhen the Democrat, Post, carried the county by a small plurality. The vote given above in 1882 does not show a Republican loss of voters, simply that they were divided. The election of November 4, 1890, was a State and county one, where a gOA^ernor, lieutenant-governor, secretary of internal affairs, congressman, and county officers Avere voted for. This was one of those peculiar movements in politics that are sometimes difficult to account for. At the beginning of the campaign the regular Republi can convention was held, and a full county ticket nominated. A spirit of dissent arose in the ranks of the party, and finally another conven tion was called, composed of those who were dissatisfied with the action of the regular convention. By a singular coincidence this meeting con\Tened in Towanda the same time as the Democratic convention, and after some negotiation the two bodies appointed con ference committees, and a fusion or joint ticket was nominated, each taking about one-half of the nominees as near as they could be divided, and then opened out one of the most animated political contests ever witnessed in the county ; speeches were held by day and by night, and livery rigs were kept unusually busy carrying young and old cam paigners into every nook and corner of the county to talk to the dear people — on local matters, however. The State ticket was but little mentioned, and national issues Avere entirely forgotten, and the writer of these lines, who was an impartial looker-on, was impressed greatly with the fact that, considering the intensity of the struggle, there was but little personal mud-slinging at the respective candidates on either side. While it was not a presidential year, yet the Avhole county was never more thoroughly aroused, exactly what it was all about, it was a little difficult for an outsider to understand. " Down with the old ring! " seemed to be one side's watchword, and "down with the kickers " was answered back. A general election for Con gressmen occurred at the same time in all the States, and outside of Pennsylvania it was the question of tariff — the McKinley Bill (a tariff HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 299 bill then just passed), or similar national questions, over which parties were so earnestly wrangling. In the Southern, and many of the Western States, the farmers had just organized, and in some of them, as Kansas for instance, they swept all before them. But in Pennsyl vania there was no Farmers' ticket in the field — a straight Democratic State ticket was up. All over the State, but more especially in Bradford county,the opposition to the dominant party ignored national issues and the result of the poll was nearly bewildering. Pattison, Democrat, was elected Governor by nearly 20,000 majority, and the Republican candidates for the other State offices were elected by nearly the same majority. In Bradford county there were only 145 less votes cast in 1890, than had been given at the last preceding pres idential election, 1888, the vote being 13,315 and 13,170 respectively. As an evidence that it is sometimes the unexpected that happens, it is told that one of the men elected to one of the best offices in the county thought so little of being a candidate — such a modest " not an office- seeker," although a Democrat, that when he was named " simply to fill up the ticket," was what they told him, in the Democratic conven tion, he declined to run ; three or four others were then put in nomina tion, but each one refused; finally the first one Avas pursuaded to let his name stand, and reluctantly, to accommodate his friends, he con sented, and was nominated and elected by 2,000 majority. November 4, 1890, was, therefore, an eventful day, politically, in Bradford county. Another incident of this election is worthy of note: John A. Fox, Democrat, was not nominated by any convention, and he became a candidate on the heels ofthe campaign for commissioner, and received 5,809 votes, and failed of an election only by a narroAV majority. Thus the official vote is so full of interesting reading that it is here given, and for the purpose of easily comparing, the vote for President in 1888 is given in the first two columns : 300 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Election Districts. Alba borough Albany township Armenia Asylum Athens borough — 1st ward ' " 2d ward 3d ward Athens town'p — 1st dist.... 2d ¦'¦ .. 3d 4th " .. 5th " .. Barclay Burlington borough Burlington township West Canton borough Canton town'p — 1st district 2d Columbia Franklin Granville Herrick LeRaysville Litchfield LeRoy Monroeton borough Monroe township New Albany borough Orwell township Overton Pike — 1st district 2d district Ridgebury Rome borough Rome township Smithfield Springfield South Creek Sylvania borough Sheshequin township Standing Stone South Waverly Terry Towanda boro — 1st ward. . " " 2d ward . . •¦ " 3d ward.. Presid'nt 1888 td Ed 22 217 84 138151 278 85 16 194 140 63 85 28 174 118 219218 92 166104 255 136 89 156 191103 265 52 225 49 127 150163 42 176 263218 133 52 266 5287 156162 235174 © Q 17 9221 143 74 189 86 64 140 137 63 118 13 434866 5620 86 6150 51 11 112 3928 116 14 29 82 19 24 122 9 4590 77711385 131 91 121127131 75 Govern 'r © 3 ft) 20 155 69 123157132131 82 16 212 122 66 71 21 140 86 218 156 94 124 72 216 126 73 111 139 98 232 46 197 3399 130131 43 163220 185 117 32 222 5362 107 144175166 tsi 24 135 34 158 99 118 137 8062 137129 609!2081 80 799839 129 798972 37 137 5230 152 23 36 33 151 1565 124151 85 27 112130 101131 141179117 Lieut. Gov. 3 ft) 21 154 69 125159135 134 8216 216 122 66 7121 142 85 221159 102126 71 216 126 76 112 139 100 234 45 197 35 99 130134 44 162 228 190119 37 225 5463 108147178169 23 136 34 156 98 113133 80 62 135 129 60 912079807698 34 124 8089 72 35 137 5229 150 246396 35 33 150 15 66 122 146 83 22 111129 100190138 176 115 Sec'y Internal Affairs. W 22 154 69 125 159 135134 82 16 217 122 66 71 21 136 85 221 160 102 128 71 220 126 76 112139100 234 45 197 35 99 131136 45 162 228191119 39 225 54 63 108 149 189 169 22 136 34 156 98 113 133 8062 134 129 6091208580 76 97 34 122 80 877235 137 5229 150 24 6296 3533 148 1466 123 145 8320 111129100190 136 165115 Congress M 3 ft) 22 146 69 131116108 100 5413 209122 63 84 21 136 93 222 178114143 59 232 129 78 121 146 96 209 46 226 6694 134 147 42 157 219 225123 38 217 5862 U9 144198 178 Q Oto a 22 165 36 144144 143 174 106 65 140 132 62772284817785 19 111 99 81 82 34 134 65 37 177 23 50664234 141 20 80 151119 82 23 121 128 100186 137 161 110 Judge. te) oo o ft) 24 106 56 108 164 148 170 8820 221 134 7087 21 115 72 212 130 113140 43 li 93 47 95 6987 162 29 107 19 5789 122 22S9 147 174 99 34 174 72 99 93 174229190 20 199 49 175 99 102 99 6758 128113 56 73 22 108101100120 22 116 117 148129 66 158 143 44 223 40 177 117 8187 163 45 141 243 168108 28 167108 69 210109 133102 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 301 Sec'y Presidn't Governor Lieut. Internal Congress Judge. 1888 Gov. Aff airs. « © S? 0 Q ^ S O 68<3 Election Districts. fa 3 o O 0 O a3 TO ST f> CP CS 3 3 3 l-H a 68 00 ya00 a B 5" W P -1 «-»CD* 2. 3 no* m td to DO P 0 3 Qs-.a Q 0 P.P.5" 0 2 - a 1 ^* p> Oq pr r P3 .=>' 146 O : 1 77| SS 146 77 ft) st) ft! 154 ^ 137! 64 145' 78: 147 75 70 " North 90 67 61 115 60 110121 81 66 199109 110121 81 67 206111 116117 80! 78 205102 101 Troy borough 31313S 115j 641 194 133 197 117 Trov township — 1st district 109: 81 109 86 3d 134 33! 96 54 97 54 97 54 100 81 99 66 Tuscarora 236 159 66 198 67 118 199159 66 118 199159 US' 300146 76J 12S' 113 131 165 Ulster 98lj 159 151 AA'arren 205 147 89' j 186' 7S 173'; 129 184 187129 77 184 187 129 i i 184 189135 82 191 85 90 IS', 233 Windham 160 72 98 151 96 151 62 9638 151 62 96 38 160 63 87, 42: 119 34 1'>,7 31 61 j 39 69 •' twp — 1st dist. 89 58' 81 79 83 77 83 77 72 91 1 65 97 2d dist. 111 38 90] 53 92 50 92 •48 92 63 46 115 113 84' 95i 81 95 82 95 82 96 81 81 101 2d "' 1 1 56 j 72| 66 74 64 75 63 85 53 96 43 Wells 113 $762 119; 4553 72 7426 136 57441 73 135 73 135 73 7638 132 5850 81 6558 126 Total 7583 5649 7609 5626 6990 1682 1934 1983 .... 1788 432 The other curious features of this vote is that the largest majority in the county is given the Republican candidate for Secretary of Internal Affairs, an office about which the average voter took the least interest. The next highest majority, that is after leaving the State ticket, was that given Hon. Joseph Powell, Democrat, for sheriff, and the smallest majoritv received by any one on the Fusion ticket Avas that of Gen. Henry J. Madill, Republican, the war veteran, indeed, with a military record as brilliant as that of any man in the Union army. The aggregate vote for the other offices than those given ab ove was as follows :— For Sheriff, Levi Wells (R.), 5,S21 ; Joseph PoAvell (D. on F. ticket), 7.67S. For Prothonotary. Mial E. Lilley (R.), 6,570; Henrv J. Madill (F). 6,735. Register. John N. Califf (R.), 6,489; Charles M. Hall(F.) 6,890. Treasurer, Finley N. Hubbard (R.), 6,300; Charles T. Hull (F.), 7,108. Representative (three to elect), three Fusion candidates elected by majorities, Leonard Lewis, 360 ; A. B. Sumner. 60S, and Loron W. Forrest, 1313. Commissioners, vote as follows :— Sheldon R. Lindley (R.), 6194 ; P. S. Squires (R.\ 6327 ; Henry W. McCrany (F.)s 6799, and John A. Fox (Ind.), 5,809. 302 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. CHAPTER XVI. EMINENT PEOPLE. David Wilmot — Chief Justice Mercur — Paul Dudley Morrow — Bdrr Ridgeway — E. O'Meara Goodrich. DAVID WILMOT. — ISTo man has ever lived in Bradford county, nor indeed in northern Pennsylvania, who has achieved so wide a reputation as David Wilmot. He was born in Bethany, Wayne county, Pa., where he spent his boyhood days, and was educated there and at Aurora. At the age of eighteen he commenced the study of law at Wilkes-Barre, where he remained until the time of his admission to the bar, when he removed to Towanda. He soon became a conspicuous character, and early in his career gained a great influence over the people, with whom he was always honest. He had a fine voice, a good presence and an eloquent tongue. Indeed, he quite magnetized his hearers, and co.uld use satire without giving serious offense. Mr. Wilmot was possessed of a remarkable analytical mind, but was not a great lawyer, save before a jury. He relied upon his latent resources at the moment to make up for his lack of thoroughness and aversion to study. However, he was a deep thinker, and with his quickness of comprehen sion, eloquence and ability to read faces, carried juries, while others, more thoroughly versed in the law, made but little impression. His make-up soon developed him into a politician, and he took the Demo cratic side of the house opposed to Gen. McKean and his followers. It was not long before he became recognized as a leader, and, in 1844, was elected as a Free Trade Democrat to Congress, and was the only member from Pennsylvania who Voted for the repeal of the " tariff of '42." In common with the Democratic party he favored the annexation of Texas. On the 4th of August, 1846, President Polk sent to the Senate a confidential message, asking an appropriation to negotiate a peace with Mexico. A bill was introduced into the House, appropriating $2,000,000 for the purpose specified. It had now become so apparent that the proposition was intended to strengthen the pro-slavery influence in the general government, that a consultation of a few members of Congress was held, and the matter thoroughly discussed. It was agreed that it was a move not in accordance with the Demo cratic or Jeffersonian idea as argued in the Constitutional Convention, and shown by the ordinances of 1787. The measure must, therefore, be checked, and the following resolution was drawn up by Mr. Wilmot, and agreed to by the others, and he was selected to offer it as an amend ment to the bill : " Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall exist in any part of said Territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted," which has since that time been known in our country's history as the " Wilmot Proviso." While it is true that HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 303 this made Judge Wilmot immortal in the political estimation of the hour, now, that the actors are all dead, and sectional passions are stilled, let us hope forever, yet our children, in a respect due our great revolu tionary fathers, should ever keep in mind that this " Proviso " is copied verbatim from Jefferson in Virginia's cession of the Northwest Terri tory to the Union of States. The measure, though lost in Congress, created a great agitation throughout the country, and was the wedge which split the Democratic party upon the slavery question. Many of the Democrats in the district made a bold assault upon Mr. Wilmot for this, and tried to prevent his return to Congress. In 1846 he was re-elected on the tariff issue, over Judge White, a High-Tariff Demo crat ; and again in 1848, mainly on the sentiment of his proviso. While he was elected as a Democrat, he was a " Free Soiler" and supported Mr. Van Buren for the presidency in 1848. In 1850, Mr. Wilmot again secured a renomination to Congress as a Free Soil Democrat, which resulted in a split of the Democratic party in the district on the slavery question. The pro-slavery Democrats having put a candidate in nomination, for the good of the party, upon Mr. Wilmot's suggestion, both candidates withdrew, and Galusha A. Grow was selected as a compromise and elected. In 1851 he was elected Presiding Judge of the district over William Elwell, the Independent candidate, and acted in the capacity for which he had been elected until 1857, when he resigned the office to enter the gubernatorial contest. His competitor, William F. Packer, the Democratic candi date, was elected, but his defeat sounded the death-knell of the Demo cratic party in this State, and made him more popular than ever before. The speeches Avhich he made throughout the State awakened a deep interest in the principles of the Republican party, and finally made it victorious. However, he had not dreamed of an election, and at a serenade given him at his home, after his nomination, said : " I well understand I can not be elected, but the canvass will be the means of\ establishing a party of which the people will be proud and can rely upon." His statement was verified the next year by a Republican victory in the State. Mr. Wilmot was one of the fathers of the Republican party, and in fact,, the very measures which he had proposed in Congress, in 1846, had no small influence leading to its existence. In Bradford county, and, indeed, in the '"Wilmot District" he made the Republican party. He was a delegate to the National Republican Convention, held in Philadelphia in 1856, and was chairman of the committee on resolutions, and drew up the famous resolution denouncing "slavery, and polygamy as twin relics of barbarism." In the convention he was proposed as candidate on the ticket with Mr. Fremont for the Vice-presidency. He could have commanded a unanimous nomination, but was averse to it. In 1860, Mr. Wilmot was also a delegate to the National Repub lican convention held in Chicago, and was its temporary chairman. He, with the Pennsylvania delegation, was instructed to vote for Gen. Cameron. After one ballot he saw that Seward would be nominated unless Cameron was dropped. Whereupon the Pennsyh'ania delega tion, he at its head, asked leave to retire. After consultation Mr. 304 history of Bradford county Wilmot asked that their instructions be taken off, which was agreed to by the delegation. Upon the second ballot nearly their whole vote was cast for Mr. Lincoln, which carried enough others on the third ballot to nominate him. Mr. Lincoln never forgot his kindness, and he always had great influence with him. After Mr. Wilmot's defeat, in 1857, he was appointed by Gov. Pollock to the same office which he had resigned, and continued to act in that capacity until 1861, when he was elected to the U. S. Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Gen. Cameron, who had been selected as one of Mr. Lincoln's cabinet. "A Avide field of honor and usefulness seemed to open before him. He was in the prime of his manhood, in the full vigor of his mental powers, revered everywhere as the champion of freedom, and his friends confidently expected him to win for himself a still loftier name, Avhile advancing the cause of human rights. But at the outset of his Senatorial (1861) career, his health began gradually to fail, until it was almost impossible for him to attend to the routine of his duties." Mr. Wilmot was a member of the "Peace Conference" of 1861, and when coming down from one of its meetings said : " There is no use ; we can not agree, and I am not sure that a war would be the Avorst thing that could happen to this country. I fear it is near at hand." At the close of his term as Senator he was appointed by President Lincoln a Judge of the Court of Claims, which office he held until the time of his death. In politics Mr. Wilmot was wonderfully successful, and up to 1857 knew not what defeat was, even though he sometimes ran counter to the party machinery. Such an influence had he that he virtually ran the politics of the county. After the organization of the Republican party in this county, in 1855, he kept up such a constant agitation of the slavery question that, in 1856, he gave Fremont 4,600 majority over Buchanan, the county having been heretofore Democratic by several hundred. The "Wilmot District " gave Fremont a majority of ten thousand. Mr. Wilmot was not an Abolitionist, as is sometimes sup posed, but on the contrary Avas opposed to that" party. He never claimed a place with Wendell Phillips, Thurlow Weed, William Lloyd Garrison or Horace Greeley, for he fought slavery a long time within the Democratic party, and hoped to maintain his position and influence in that organization while making the battle. He soon found that the timber was too knotty to work, but not to split, and he put in his Avedge and began the effort, which Avas successful. Without a doubt he had more to do with the creation of the Repub lican party, and the overthrow, of the Democratic, than any other man. Mr. Wilmot was a strong, powerful force in starting the com bat which finally resulted in the abolition of slavery. In the South his proviso made him despised by the slave-holder as a usurper and, indeed, the very school-children were taught to hate him. The slaves early learned his name, and had an exalted reverence for him. He was a man of strong convictions, and outspoken in the expression of his opinions— a man greatly loAred by his friends and unsparingly hated by his enemies. He was a powerful speaker, keen in debate, carrying with him the hearts of his hearers, and producing convic- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 305 tions in others frequently by his own strength. But Mr. Wilmot's end is sad. Continued ill-health affected his mind, and he finally died of soft ening of the brain, at his residence at Towanda in 1868. He is buried in Riverside Cemetery, and his resting-place is marked by a plain slab on which is inscribed : David Wilmot, BORN Jan. 20, 1814, DIED, March 16, 1868, aged 54 years. • Chief Justice Mercur. — This eminent Jurist was the son of Henry Mercur, vvho was the son of immigrants from Klagenfort, Austria, who came to America in 1780, and settled in Lancaster county, Pa., where Henry Mercur was born, September 20, 1786. He Avas sent, in 1799, to Vienna to be educated at the university, where he spent eight years, and returned to his native home in 1807. His brothers and sisters were James W., MahlonC.(now the only survivor), Ulysses, Hiram and Eliza Jane. While at school Henry Mercur witnessed the entry of Napoleon's army into Vienna. He remained at the parental home, after his return, two years, and in 1809 removed to ToAvanda to make his permanent home. Here he married Mary Watts, September 10, 1810. He died in Towanda, September 10, 1868. His wife, Mary Watts Mercur, died December 14, 1839. Mrs. Ulysses Mercur was Miss Sarah Simpson Davis, daughter of John and Amy Hart Davis. Her grandparents were John and Amy Simpson Davis. Her father, John Davis, was at one time a member of Congress from his native county of Bucks. The Hart family, who were of North of Ireland and Welsh descent, came to this country with William Penn in 1682, and settled in Bucks county. Mrs. Mercur's brother was Gen. W. W. EL Davis, famous in the late war, and known to the country as eminent in literature and art. Her great-grandfather, William Davis, came from Great Britain to this country in 1740, and located in Bucks county. Mrs. Uylsses Mercur resides in Towanda in the old family homestead, and Avith her are her two sons, Dr. John D., and Ulysses. The history of the Mercur family will remain a permanent and im portant chapter in that of the grand old Commonwealth. Hon. Ulysses Mercur, LL., D., fourth son of Henry and Mary Watts Mercur, was born in Towanda, August 12, 1818, Avhere was his home during life. A public man the larger part of his active career, filling many high and responsible offices, many of them not only of high responsi bility, but attended with continuous 'and arduous labors, he would always eagerly return to his home and old neighbors for his vacations and rest and recreations. While the conscientious discharge of his public duties were often remarked by his acquaintances as being a labor of love, at which he burned the midnight oil, while the world around him slept, yet Avhen his holiday come he was quickly back to Towanda, in the scenes of his childhood, Avith the dignity of office 306 history of Bradford county. laid aside, its cares and toils forgotten, and, amid home and family and friends and neighbors, was building anew those stores of vital energies so essential to his labors when they would be again taken up. To those who were older and who had known him from early childhood, he must have remained to them much as the youth they so well remembered — quiet, earnest and determined, with much indications of a reserve of forces within what might well promise a large future development. His parents Avere eminently respectable farmers — industrious and frugal, guided in the rearing of their children by that prudent fore thought that preferred the future welfare of their sons and daughters to that of Avealth stored away for their use. A strong characteristic of the father was that indulgence to his children that alloAved them to have much to say in shaping their young lives. The children's wishes were heeded, their judgments consulted, the financial affairs of the family explained, and then an amicable conclusion was sure to follow, and smoothly the little home Avent on. This, too, in an age where there Avas much emphatic parental authority in the average home, and Avhere often the severest dogmatism pre\Tailed, especially by the father toward the sons. After graduating from the Towanda schools, the youth expressed to his parents a Avisn to at once commence the study of the law. This was opposed by his elder brother, M. C. Mercur, on the ground that his education was not sufficient for a learned profession. The force of this objection was recognized by the entire family, and to the great distress of the lad, who saw in it the sudden dissolving of the air castles that had no doubt been his companions by day and by night, and had stimulated his best exertions in the common schools, the household was called together, and the matter freely discussed. The happy arrangement resulted that a small tract of land, which was intended to be given Ulysses as his portion, it was agreed should go to him, then and there, and if he perferred to use it in educating himself further and becoming a lawyer, it was Avell and good. This was the solution of this once apparently insuperable difficulty. The little piece of ground was converted into $1,200 — the " sinews of war" with the Latin conjugation and the Greek verbs, and the final entry upon a professional career stamped with a fame as enduring as these grand old hills on which his eyes opened when life commenced. He had com pleted his course in the common schools at the age* of sixteen, when he entered the store of his elder brother in ToAvandaas a clerk. Prior to this he had helped to work on the farm during summer, and went to school in the winter. Here he remained until he was nineteen years old, when, having converted the small farm, his father gave him, into cash, he entered Jefferson College, Cannonsburg, Pa., in the "prep" department. The regular college course is four years after entering the " freshman class," and as an evidence of his assiduity, as well as aptness, he graduated with high honors at the end of four and a half years after entering the school; taking the highest position in the literary society of which he was a member. And, further, that during the last year and a half he was at college he was systematically reading a course in the law. During his entire school course he had HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 307 made his little fortune of $1,200 pay every expense. After graduating he immediately returned to Towanda and continued the study of the law, and in 1843 he was admitted to the bar in his native town. He graduated in 1842, and then one year was a student in the office of Edward Overton, Esq., and such was the confidence of Mr. Overton in his student that at once he offered him a full partnership in his extensive practice. As favorable as was this offer from his law preceptor, yet it could have been readily made with any one of the several eminent lawyers that were then members of the Bradford county bar — a bar in which were such men as David Wilmot, Judge Williston, William Elwell and William Wat kins. In a remarkably brief period he was the peer of any of them — noted for his conscientious discharge of his duties, and a sturdy honesty; so much so that it was sometimes blunt when impressing upon an excited client that his case was not a good one, and flatly refusing the offered retainer. In a given case, Avhere he had refused a fee from a wealthy man, and the disappointed client had sought out other counsel and entered upon litigation that bankrupted him and then went to Mr. Mercur and, after stating his case in hand, was amazed to find the attorney ready to engage himself in his behalf. Expressing his surprise, he was told that the Avhole secret lay in the fact that then he had no case, while now he had a good one ; and he fought it through to complete triumph. His first advice lost him a fee, but would have saved the man his fortune ; his actual retainer in the case had no fee to accompany it, but it righted a wrong when the poor man could perhaps have found succor nowhere else. His professional life was made up largely of such incidents, but this one mentioned would have fixed in the public mind some idea of that high sense of integrity that actuated him. Consequently, while yet a young man, he was known far and wide for his courageous probity and profound knowledge of the law. And it was not mere idle breath when one who was a competent judge said: "It is no flattery to say that as a young lawyer he was unsurpassed in the State." The next seventeen years, after he had entered upon the practice of the law, so severe was his application that his health broke down, and he was compelled to take a \Tacation, which lasted through the entire winter of 1860-61. These months of rest and travel wholly restored his health. On the election of Judge David Wilmot to the United States Senate in Janu ary, 1861, he resigned the President Judgeship of the 12th Judicial District, and Mr. Mercur was appointed to the vacancy, and at the end of the term was elected to a full term without opposition — the district was then composed of the counties of Bradford and Susquehanna. In 1862 this Congressional district Avas composed of Bradford, Columbia, Montour, Sullivan and Wyoming counties, and a division in the Republican party resulted in the election of a Democrat. At the next election, 1864, in order to prevent a recurrence of defeat, the leading men of the district, after much entreaty, prevailed upon Judge Mer cur to stand for Congress. His Democratic opponent was Col. V. E, Piollet, also of Bradford county. Judge Mercur was elected, and for the next three consecutive terms received his party's nomination. At 308 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the end of his fourth term, 1872, he was nominated by the Republican State Convention for Judge of the Supreme Court. It is told of him that he accepted his fourth term in Congress solely on the grounds that he wished to repeal the tariff on tea and coffee. His promotion to the supreme bench came to him as unsought as had his first or suc ceeding terms in Congress. He remained upon the bench from the time of his first election to the end of his life ; a prominent public life of twenty-six years ; from a short vacation, after seventeen years of arduous practice, he went to the bench of the 12th Judicial Dis trict, serving out the short term, was elected to a full term and almost immediately transferred to Congress, where he remained eight years, and quit that to go to the eminent position of Supreme Judge of the grand old Commonwealth. A distinguished record, made famous by his brilliant talents ; a long and useful life adorned by a sleepless energy, a robust manhood and the courage of honest convictions. In politics Judge Mercur was originally a Democrat (though the other members of his family were active Whigs), one who gave hearty adherence to the Free Soil wing of that party. In short, it may be said that he was of the Wilmot and Grow political school. He was among the first to offer his powerful aid to free Kansas, and was, therefore, one of the active organizers of the Republican party, severing the last tie that bound him to the Democratic party on the occasion of the repeal of the Missouri Compromise. Hon. David Wilmot always esteemed him as one of his most trusted and esteemed personal friends, but this was largely true of the leading men of the Nation, at least all those who had come in contact with Judge Mercur. When Mr. Wilmot was invited by President Lincoln, in the spring of 1861, to act as a Peace Commis sioner, at Washington, before accepting the appointment he visited Judge Mercur, for the purpose of having a full, consultation, before entering upon the responsible duties of that office. Ulysses Mercur and Miss Sarah S. Davis, daughter of the late Gen. John Davis, of Bucks county, were joined in the bonds of matrimony June 12, 1850. Of this happy union were five children, all surviving. The eldest, Rodney A. Mercur, is one of the prominent lawyers of Towanda ; Dr. John D. Mercur is of the same place ; the only daughter, Mary E., married Col. B. F. Eshleman, of Lancaster; James W. Mercur is an attorney-at-law in Philadelphia; and Ulysses Mercur is now a law student at Towanda. The family worship at the Episcopal Church. In the midst of the busy cares of life, the final great summons came. Judge Mercur died at Wallingford, Pa., June 6, 1887, in his sixty-ninth year. He was taken sick May 25, with a chill, the first premonition of an attack of pneumonia. On the Friday following he had rallied, and his friends supposed the crisis was passed, and Sunday following brought the greatest hopes. He now recognized his wife, and chatted pleasantly with his wife and his sons, at his bed-side, and even expressed a desire to get up. But on the morning of the 6th, as his physician, Dr. Getchell, was about to depart for Philadelphia, and visited his patient to take formal leave, Judge Mercur half turned in bed and said, cheerily : " Good-bye." These were his last spoken HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 309. words. At 9 o'clock, his friends noticed a sudden change, and hur riedly sent after the retiring doctor. But the patient had quietly and peacefully passed away. The immediate cause of death was heart-clot, which, in his exhausted condition, could not be overcome. Pennsyl vania and the Nation mourned. The great and good man Avas gone. On the afternoon of October 3, following, ex-Chief Justice Agnew announced in the Supreme Court the death of Chief Justice Mercur. There was a notable attendance of the members of the bar when the announcement was made. On rising to address the court Judge Agnew said : May it please your Honors, I rise to perform a sad and painful duty. You miss from among you a familiar form, and the air seems freighted with sorrow. It is my mournful part to announce to you the death of Chief Justice Ulysses Mer cur, your honored head and colleague. He has left the " warm precincts of the cheer ful day " for the darkness and gloom of the grave. Though gone from your Bench for many years, and living far away from the scenes of his active life, yet it has seemed to my brethren of the Bar most meet that I should break this melancholy news. I accept the duty, only regretting my inability to per form it well. The ex-Chief Justice then recounted the circumstances of Judge Mercur's death at Wallingford, near Philadelphia, June 6, 1887, fol- loAved with a brief sketch of his life, and among other things in sub stance said : His professional life was one of labor and reward, founded upon unflinching principle and great integrity. Courage, too, Avas a distinguishing trait of his character. He Avas nominated by the Republican party, and elected to the Supreme Bench of this Commonwealth, in 1872, to succeed Chief Justice Thompson, whose commission then expired. Here he gave evidence that he was in his proper sphere. At the same time Chief Justice Agnew ascended the bench of the Supreme Court, and Avillingly testified that he ever found Judge Mercur a diligent and painstaking judge, an agreeable companion and a pleasant colleague; that during their association many important cases came before the court, and in these he marked, with much pleasure, the splendid exhibition of Judge Mercur's attachment "to principle and to the true exposition of the constitution, both the old and the new." On the expiration of the term of Chief Justice Sbarswood, in 1882, extended by the new constitution to 1883, Justice Mercur, as the oldest member in commission, became the Chief Justice. " Thus lived and died a useful and honored citizen and an upright and able judge. His life is an example to be studied well, and to be followed by the youth of the profession. "It is an instance, also, of the high character of our grand repub lican institutions and the door they hold open to all citizens who, by merit, would Avin their way to fortune and to fame. Here no tyrants' hand ' grasps the Avhole domain,' or ' stints the tillage of the smiling plain.' Here no lordling crushes out the souls of prostrate poor, strips their humble cottages of the hard-earned products of their toil, or robs their homes of comfort and of happiness. "But here, fired by love of learning or prompted by laudable am bi- 310 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. tion, or yearning for wealth and comfort, or for the elevation of higher tastes, the poorest and the lowliest, unchecked by rank or privilege or by 'poverty's unconquerable bar,' may aspire to slake the thirst for know ledge, seize the objects of his desire, indulge his taste for art, or seek the happiness of an attractive and iovely home. Such a home it was the fortune of the late Chief Justice to enjoy for many happy years. Here, too, a noble constitution, enduring for a century, and constantly expanding to meet the growth and wants of a nation, protects all beneath the benign influences of its powers, secures to every citizen his just rights, and smiles on his advancement in knowlege, wealth and distinction." Immediately after the adjournment of the court, a meeting of the bar was organized, which was presided over by Chief Justice Gordon, and a committee on memorial appointed, of which Hon. John Dalzell was chairman. Among other resolutions reported was the following : In connection with this office nothing can be said of him that is not to his honor. There is no taint on the purity of his ermine, the hot breath of calumny has never touched him, and no question was ever made of the integrity of his life. His daily walk and conversation were pure and without reproach. * * * With his robes around him, in the enjoyment of all his faculties, with seeming years of usefulness yet to add to his honor, he has been stricken down, and now naught remains for us but reverence for his memory. * * * He has earned his rest — rest from the cares and responsibilities of high place. * * * May he rest in peace. Paul Dudley Morrow may justly be called one of the eminent sons of Bradford county. He was born in what is now Wilmot town ship, February 17, 1828 ; the fourth child of John and Sally Horton Morrow. His parents Avere intelligent and energetic people — in com fortable surroundings as the circumstances of farmers were in that day — who brought up their family in the fear of the Lord, as it was understood by the Covenanter branch of the Presbyterian Church. Judge Morrow often amused his friends by his description of the way in Avhich the Shorter Catechism was instilled into him. When the regular Sabbath recitation proved shorter than the perfect stand ard demanded, as was not infrequently the case even in Covenanter households, the deficiency Avas made up on Monday morning by a bodily exercise which was intended to profit much, in which the rod of correction played as important a part as did the rod of Moses in Egypt. And indeed, in one sense, it did profit much, for the man Paul never forgot what the boy Paul so faithfully learned: and Judge Morrow was scarcely more noted for his knowledge of civil law than for his mastery of the Westminster theology. It is obvious that the atmosphere of such a home must have been bracing physically, intel lectually and morally. Hard work in the fields alternated with hard study at the district school, and with hard listening to the school- house sermons of Covenanter preachers. The boy grew strong in body, mind and conscience. He wrought, like the farmers' lads about him; and yet no pent-up Utica confined his powers. He planned for greater things as he turned the hay, or ran the lumber down the Sus quehanna. To him that hath pluck shall be given ; and in due season he assumed charge of a district school. But " boarding round " was HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 311 not his highest ideal of living, nor forcing the young idea to shoot by the warming influence of the rod his supreme conception of usefulness. Aspiration beckoned onward, and at the age of eighteen he entered Harford Academy, at Harford, Susquehanna county, where he was prepared for the Freshman class of Hamilton College ; from which institution he was graduated in 1852. During his college days he Avas a hard, ambitious student, appreciating the value of his opportunities, and the necessity of strenuous, self-denying effort in order to succeed. He maintained a high position in his class, and won the respect of his teachers. Hamilton was always dear to his heart, and never had she a more loyal son. The Institution shoAved her appreciation of his ability and attainments by conferring upon him, in 1879, the decree of of LL. D. To the end of life Judge Morrow showed the liveliest inter est in educational questions. He sympathized with every boy and girl Avho was striving to secure an education. He was one of the founders of the Bradford County Teachers' Association, and Avas the first secretary of that body. He made frequent addresses before Teachers' Institutes. He served for years as a trustee of the Susque hanna Collegiate Institute, and three years as a director of the Public School of Towanda. His views Avere always clear, enlightened and practical. He was a strenuous advocate of a college training, and never ceased to urge the importance of the classical languages. During his senior year in college he studied law under Prof. The odore W. D wight, since so famous as a professor in the Columbia Law School. Immediately upon graduation he entered the office of Ulysses Mercur at Towanda, and in September, 1853, was admitted to the bar of Bradford county. There were giants in the land in those days — David Wilmot, Edward Overton, Ulysses Mercur, William Watkins, William Elwell, John Adams, but the young attorney relying upon his well-trained mind, and a vast capacity for hard work, modestly but bravely entered the lists. And he Avas not disappointed. He secured a fair share of business from the start, and succeeded in establishing so good a reputation that in 1856 he was elected District Attorney. He had the elements in him to meet such an opportunity. His adminis tration of the office was a success, and he retired with an excellent reputation for legal knowledge and practical skill. In 1862 he entered into partnership with David Wilmot, then United States Senator, and continued in that relation until Judge Wilmot was appointed Judge of the Court of Claims, at Washington. Afterward he was associated with Henry Peet and with Judge Mercur, until, in 1870, he was appointed Additional Law Judge of the Thirteenth District, composed of the counties of Susquehanna and Bradford, of Avhich the Hon. F. B. Streeter was President Judge. In the fall of the same year he was elected Additional Law Judge for a term of ten years, but in 1874, under the provisions of the new constitution, he became President Judge of Bradford county, Judge Streeter removing to Susquehanna county. In 1880 he was renominated, without opposition, by the Re publican convention,endorsed by the Democrats, and elected as his OAvn successor. He did not live through this entire term, but died December 14, 1890, leaving an unexpired portion of eighteen days. 312 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. For the last three years of his life Judge Morrow was a sufferer from Bright's disease, but he bore his sufferings patiently and hopefully, and to the last his characteristic brightness and cheerfulness were con spicuous. His strength of will never yielded until the inevitable summons came, and he died in peace without a visible pang, with a cheerful smile upon his face. An analysis of Judge Morrow's character is by no means difficult. He was such a sincere and positive man that one could not mistake his prominent characteristics. His mind was of a high order ; it was clear, rapid, strong and confident in its operations. He saw into the heart of a question and was confident of his conclusions and judgments. Yet he took no superficial glance ; he was not misled by natural quick ness, but made a careful study of every subject that challenged his at tention. He Avas, by force of his robust moral nature, conscientious in eATery opinion, his whole nature went with his intellectual convictions. His sense of justice was acute and powerful ; so, also, was his sense of honor. Nothing so stirred his soul to indignation, as what he esteemed a lack of professional honor, or an attempt to preA'ent justice by trick or fraud. He had a high sense of honor as to all questions ; meant to do right as he saw the right, and to dispense justice without fear or favor. No Judge can hope to please everybody. Judge Morrow cer tainly did not expect to do it, but he believed that in the long run the public will vindicate the man who tries to do right, and he Avas not mistaken. Time only increases the general respect for his ability, and learning and legal decisions. Every year will brighten his memory. Though dead, he still speaks in the course of justice in Bradford county. There were other aspects of Judge Morrow's character which were exceedingly attractive and contributed in no small measure to his suc cess. He Avas a very social and friendly man ; his attachments were fervid and lasting. He loved Avith all his heart, and was always ready to promote the interests of his friends ; his quick sense, his spontaneous humor, made him a favorite wherever he went. He Avas always respect ful to age and courteous to Avomen. He had a natural taste for literature, and in his days of health and vigor, studied carefully the great classics of our English tongue. In his family he was a model of love and deA'otion. In June, 1857, he was married to Harriet King Pitcher,of Warren,and no man was ever more blessed in the marriage relation. He loved to say that no small part of his success in life was due to his wife, and this was no idle compliment. She was his wise and careful counsellor in prosperity, and his light and joy in darkness and suffering. Their Avedded life of thirty-three years was one sunny scene of confidence and love, and was suddenly broken on that Sabbath morning, to be restored, as Ave believe, in the higher fellowship and blessedness of the life eternal. Three children were born to Judge and Mrs. Morrow, all of whom survive him, and are at present living in the City of Duluth : Mrs. Hen rietta M. Hale (wife of judge James T. Hale), John P. and Charles S. Morrow. ^yc2yZ^z^ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 315 Burr Ridgeway. — One of the most interesting characters of early times, was of Quaker descent, and was born in the town of Spring field, N. J., April 17, 1780 ; lived to the advanced age of ninety-six. When he Avas eleven years old, his father removed to Philadelphia, and was accidentally killed soon thereafter, leaving young Burr at that ten der age without a father's care to shape his future destiny in life's un trodden path. In 1803 he came to Wysox, to take charge of John Hollenback's store and house' of entertainment. In the following year he was appointed postmaster for Wysox, then the only postoffice between Wyalusing and Sheshequin. He purchased what is known as the " Piollet farm," but sold it in 1808, and purchased on Wysox creek, Avhere he, in company with one of his brothers, built a saw and grist mill. Not meeting with the success which he had anticipated, and having had ill-luck in making his first shipment, he was compelled to abandon the enterprise, and returned to Philadelphia for a year or two. Having earned a small capital, he again returned to the county, and in the fall of 1812 came to Towanda to clerk for William Means. He at first took up his residence in a log house, owned by Harry Spalding, standing on the gulf where the Episcopal Church now is. Subse quently he built a house on the lot now occupied by Patton's block, and lived there. In March, 1813, he was appointed a Justice of the Peace by Gov. Simon Snyder, for the district comprising the townships Towanda, Burlington and Wysox ; and at the October election in 1813, he was elected County Commissioner on the Democratic Ticket over Col. Joseph Kingsbury, the Federal candidate, the vote being respectively 365 and 257. Thomas Simpson wishing to sell the Bradford Gazette, Mr. Ridgeway purchased it of him, and began its publication with the first issue in 1815. At this time there was not a mail route in the county on the west side of the river, and but one on the east side, the mail being brought once a week each from the north and south. When Mr. Ridgeway began publishing the Gazette, the people were very obliging, and one seemed to vie with another in distributing the papers. Mr. RidgewaA7 circulated a petition and forwarded it to the Postmaster-General,, praying that a mail route be established for the accommodation of the people of the western part of the county. Proposals were issued for two lines, for a term of two years, which were to pass through several of the townships, the mail to be carried on horseback. Mr. Ridgeway became the contractor upon both lines. He continued the publication of the Gazette for over three years, Avhen a difficulty arose between C. F. Welles and Samuel McKean, which ended in a lawsuit that was very injurious to the paper. As a result he sold the press and material, and moved to Wysox, where he turned his attention to agriculture He was appointed prothonotary and register and recorder of the county. At the close of his term he purchased a farm on the south branch of the Towanda creek and went there to live in 1822. He, however, again returned to Towanda, continued as a justice of the peace, and for a short time engaged in the mercantile business. In 1846, he went to Franklin to reside, and there remained until the time of his death, August 19, 1876. 17 316 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Besides the offices enumerated, Mr. Ridgeway filled many other places of honor and trust, and his capacity and integrity were always appreciated by his fellow-citizens. He was prominent in the Masonic Fraternity, and was one of the first members in the county. His life Avas useful, his name popular, and his memory cherished by many. E. O'Mara Goodrich. — Among the sons of Bradford county who have risen to influence and reputation must be mentioned the name of E. O'Meara Goodrich. He was born in Columbia township June 23, 1824, the eldest son of Elisha S. and Achsah Goodrich. When about twelve years of age his parents removed to Towanda. His father was the founder of the Bradford Reporter, and while yet a youth, in 1843, O'Meara became associated with him in its management. In 1846 he became sole pro prietor and editor, and continued until death its inspiring and con trolling spirit. He was a born printer and editor, and had a fine eye for typographical effect. His paper was always tasteful and attractive ; but, in addition to this, he possessed the qualities of an able and success ful editor. Endowed with quick perception and sound sense, he mas tered every subject that came within his view and review. His temper Avas cool and controlled. His judgment was remarkable, and his self- control in respect of speech was equally remarkable. He could speak his mind calmly and fully, and stop; hence, his editorials were always intelligent and weighty, and commanded the respect, not only of his party, but of his political opponents as well. His entire political course, both personal and editorial, was marked by a high sense of honor. He always treated his opponents with respect, and never had recourse to abuse or misrepresentation. He was always in favor of an open, fair course, in politics, and stood ready to give straightforward and. honorable battle for his principles and opinions. Such a course could only have one result ; his paper became a recognized power in the count}'. Men Avaited to hear what the Reporter had to say about men and measures. And the}7 never had to wait long, or failed to understand what the Reporter's editor meant. Mr. Goodrich was originally a Democrat, but drifted into the Free Soil movement in 1848. It was not, however, until 1855, that he parted with the party of his early devotion. In union with such Democrats as David Wilmot and Ulysses Mercur, he publicly protested against the Kansas-Nebraska bill, and in 1855 was a delegate to the convention at Pittsburgh which organized the Republican party. Henceforth he never swerved in his devotion to that party. All his time and talents were given cheerfully for its success, and no man had more to do with making Bradford county a Republican stronghold than he. In 1860 Mr. Goodrich Avas nominated and elected prothonotary, and at the close of the term was unanimously re-nominated and triumph antly re-elected. In 1868 he was appointed, by President Grant, surveyor of customs for the port of Philadelphia, and was twice re-appointed. Had he lived a month longer he would have held the office for twelve years. This fact sufficiently proves his thorough efficiency and fidelity. As a citizen Mr. Goodrich was held in the highest respect by the people of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 317 Towanda. He Avas public-spirited and generous ; ready to advocate every public interest, and to encourage every needy and suffering neighbor. The poor always found in him a friend, and all religious interests and social movements a stanch supporter. His friendships Avere warm and lasting ; the large concourse which followed him to the tomb attested the respect and attachment felt for him by all his towns folk. On the seventeenth of July, 1845, Mr. Goodrich was united in marriage with Miss Susanna O'Hara, of Binghamton, N. Y., who for thirty-six years earnestly co-operated Avith him in extending his power and influence, and in making his home a center of cheerful hospitality and social enjoyment. She still survives, with two daughters, Mrs. Annie G. Santee, of Hazelton, Pa., and Mrs. Angie G. Kattell, of Binghamton, N. Y. Mr. Goodrich died at the house of the latter after a brief illness, January 28, 1881. CHAPTER XVIL ATTORNEYS. The First in the County — Story of A. C. Stewart — List, with Time of Coming — List of Present Attorneys — Etc. WITH the civil organization of the county came the first attorney, Alpheus C. Stewart, \vho remained in Towanda a feAV years, and then was overtaken by Greeley's advice to " go West, young man." About 1815 Mr. SteAvart folded his tent in Bradford and turned his face toward the wild and distant West, and finally located in Belleville, 111., the county seat of St. Clair county, situated about fourteen miles, a little south of east, from St. Louis. Here the young lawyer soon found clients and friends, and here he in a few years came to a tragic end, one that forms an episode in the early history of that section of country. In the society of young men of the place there was one who had, from some trivial cause, a misunderstanding with Mr. Stewart. The other young men, loving their fun, urged on the difficulty, and finally, with Stewart's knowledge, a duel was arranged, but all except the challenger kneAV that the guns were to be loaded only with powder and wadding. But when on the ground, the young man, suspecting something, slipped a bullet in his gun and, at the word, shot Stewart dead. He fled the country, but Avas finally overhauled, returned, tried, conA'icted and hanged — the first legal execution in Illi nois, and therefore memorable in the State's history. A. C. Stewart was a bright young man and Avas a most unfortunate victim of those miserable idiots that think it funny to play practical jokes. Simon Kinney was the second lawyer to locate in the county, and he also went to Illinois and located in what is now Bureau count}', in that State. He was a personal friend of Daniel Webster, and Sage 318 History of Bradford county. of Marshfield once visited Kinney and purchased a farm near the latter's. Col. H. L. Kinney, a son of Simon, went to Illinois, and commenced a career as lively and brilliant as a romance. He con tracted to build the canal from Chicago to Joliet ; and built several " boom " towns, opened free hotels on a vast scale, made a great fortune, spent it with prodigal extravagance, and disappeared. Short ly appeared in the " Lone Star" State when it was a separate empire, made other fortunes, spent them, and for his day and time was a verit- table golden Count of Monte Cristo; finally, after going through much exciting experiences in the late war, to the Confederate cause, he then went to Mexico, headed an insurrection, and in a port sally, was fairly riddled with bullets by the assailants. If true of any one surely it was of this man, " life's fitful fever is o'er." C. F. Welles came here as a lawyer, or became a lawyer, in 1813 ; he was the first prothonotary of the county, and one of the leading and most influential citizens. A brief sketch of this distinguished man may be found in the chapter "Athens." The same year Edward Herrick located here. This fact is a part of the permanent records of the county, and we have a toAvnship, " Herrick," as well as a village, " Herrickville." David Scott's name appears on the first county court records, 1813, and the same year appear the names of Garrick Mallory, Robert McClure, John Evans, Ethan Baldwin, Darius Bullock, Charles Catlin. The next year we find but one name added, and so on for several years. A great change in the practice of the law has come Avith the past seventy-five years. The laAv and the practice then were literally English, you know. The Common Law of England, as well as certain statute laws, was in force here the same as in England. The qualifi cation, or rather the slight difference lay in the Legislative enactments of the State. The law pleadings were purely English, as laid down in Blackstone and Chitty's commentaries and forms. The law of evidence was liter ally as it came to us in the standard English books on those subjects. The decisions of the English courts Avere the law here, the same as in Great Britain, except Avhere they Avere in conflict with our statute laws. An English lawyer, therefore, fifty years ago, had to make but little preparations for the change if he wanted to come to America to practice his profession. It would be the customs of the profession here, that would, perhaps, bother him more to learn than the differences then existing in the laAv in the two countries. The great lawyers they had here in those days, and it is no exag geration to say that we had many really great men in the profession, were all of the kind that were known as "Circuit Riders." They had to know the law better than their English brothers. They traveled over wide circuits, going with the judge from county to countv on horse-back, and in their saddle bags were their wardrobes and their law libraries. Hence, as they made long trips, sometimes like sailors; only after months returning home for a short rest, when they would resume their trip and go over again the same ground. Two trips a year, as HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 319 there were two courts a year in each county. The counties Avere then much larger than now, and often it was many miles' ride to some new county seat. In law pleading we have parted Avidely from much of the old English forms, and so abundant and varied are our statutes, and the increase of our courts and the many decisions, that now in this respect it may be called the American system. We retain the old English rules of evidence more nearly literal than anything else of the English law. The law and the courts, in their broadest meaning, are one of the most marvelous outgrowths of civilization ; evolved through the long centuries antedating the morning of authentic history. The vastness of the court machinery itself staggers the mind when it first compre hends something of it — courts, clerks, officers, lawyers, jurors, criminals on hand, cases dragging through generations, and cases in actual trial running through days, weeks, months and, sometimes, years, and are never completed. Great and magnificent buildings, and the armies of attendants, employes, the written records by rooms full, vaults full, and thousands of busy pens making every day more ; the countless libraries, and law schools, and offices and court-rooms are some of the palpable evidences of this institution. Behind and beyond these are the mysteries — the learned technicalities — the Draconian Code, the black-letter and the comparatively modern Coke-upon-Littleton are some of the conjuring that have grown from what must have been a very simple beginning. Indeed, Avhy should not the common mind reel and stagger under the glimpse of realization of the stupendous whole. Cui bono ? What inherent principle is it in our nature that has rendered all this vast and involved machinery a necessity to our com mon mankind ? Very much the same it prevails in all organized com munities or nations. Is the demand for all this an artificial creation ? Appearances would indicate that it was a natural and spontaneous outgrowth, like that of marriage, or Avar, some form of religion, or the universal ideals of beauty in women or horses. It is singular that some able biologist, like Spencer, has never taken this subject in hand, and at least tried to account for its universal outcropping in every civiliza tion, and in substantially much the same form in all. The technicalities of the law are a phenomenal curiosity. The most august courts, where are the longest black gowns, the biggest wigs and the stuffiest figurative woolsacks, are often the splendid arenas for the legal gladiatorial contests. The causes celebres are where are decided the contests of the pennant winners among the great attorneys — simply legal tournaments where wealth and fame is in winning, " knocking out," as it were, the attorney on the other side, and where often the poor client cuts about as much figure as an ancient almanac Then, for instance, you look carefully over the Myra Clark Gaines ejectment case — where millions are involved, and generations come and pass away, and the case goes on and on. Or Dickens' fanciful case of Jarndyce vs. Jarndyce ; its last sad scene, where the pale young man drags himself into court, and Avearily listens to learned argu ments that he can not understand, and finally gropes his way out of 320 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the court-room and lies down and dies. Another case where it was in court one hundred years, and, the parties all being dead, it was then discovered that what was once a great estate was all gone, and the last penny was a little short of being enough to pay the costs. " The curiosities of the law " ought to be some day the title of a great book that would rename the fires of the old maxim, that truth is stranger than fiction. There is one other thing about the study of law that is striking in its features. Perhaps as much or more than any other school, it teaches the importance and authority of precedent. Hence the perhaps gross incongruities you may sometimes meet in the courts in a democracy that have been transplanted from the ancient monarchy. Wigs and gowns are simply comical in this country, where theoretically every voter is a sovereign. The uniform and tin star of a roundsman ; the ceremony of kissing the Bible in making oath, about Avhich you will find they are very particular in the older States, but which is now sub stituted in the West by generally holding up the right hand; the reten tion of the grand jury and the necessity of their formal and once hypercritical bill of indictment before you could put a man on trial. The fictitious John Doe vs. Richard Roe are now about obsolete, but at one time, and for centuries, all ejectment suits were in the names of these unfortunates, and above all is the general faith that the older a precedent the better is the law and the more binding its authority. There must be a close relation existing between the science of law and the science of state craft. The lawyer and the statesman are esteemed as one to a large extent. The American law student when he commences his reading is put to the study of Blackstone exactly as is the student in England. This is the standard book on which all is based, even if Blackstone did believe that there were in ancient times swarms of witches and ghosts, but thought that modern cases needed careful looking into before believing. He writes most eloquently of the "garnered wisdom of the ages," and tells the young student in glowing sentences that in the knowledge of the law, at least, the past was the Golden Age; that here is the Pierian spring where he may drink long and deeply of the health-giving waters. When you divest yourself of these accumulations that have gathered around the law, and think of it a moment in that mood, you can not but realize that once all this wonderful thing must have lain bundled up in the simple Golden Rule ; if there is either right or wrong, justice or injustice that is not included in this short and simple rule of life, you can not imagine what it is. Do as you would be done by, is the simple lesson easily understood by the savage or the child. To add to this statutes and laws neither extends its meaning, application, nor simplifies its terms. Simple as this is it must have been the source from whence came all this stream of law-making, law practice, law libraries, courts and officers, as well as the great and powerful profession of the lawyers. The pioneer lawyer was, like the pioneer farmer, compelled to be a man of far greater resources within himself than his modern brother. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 321 The times are drifting away from the ancient technicalities of the law as well as from the ancient severity of the church dogmas. Men have grown more liberal as they have become less and less technical. The modern lawyer fits up his office, and there is usually a court library near at hand, and he has long since ceased to ride the circuit. He' stays at home with his books and practice, and no longer is every successful attorney presumed to have Chitty's forms committed to memory. He may now write a Avarrantee deed in fewer Avords than it once required lines, if not pages. Again the profession of the law, like that governing skilled mechanics, is divided up into specialties, and this immensely lessens the labors of the preparatory work of learning the profession or trade. We now have our criminal lawyers, chancery laAvyers, corporation lawyers, constitutional lawyers, etc.; dividing the necessary prepara tory work after the manner, for instance, of that of the workmen in a watch factory. This division of labor is peculiarly an American innovation on the old, and while it is destroying the old-fashioned all-around workmen or professional men, it is perhaps bettering the work as well as lessening the time required in serving an apprentice ship. In Europe a man must yet serve a seven years' apprenticeship to be a licensed watchmaker, in the American watch factories you will find girls working machines and making very perfectly the one piece of the watch to which they confine their entire labor, and two weeks' apprenticeship was all that she required to learn her trade well. In her line she can probably do more in a day than the European seven-year-trained man can do in a week, and do it better. Striking off into specialties is the strong tendencies of modern times, found as distinctly in the learned professions as in the trades. In medicine there is the general practitioner, the surgeon, the eye-and-ear doctor, the corn doctor and the horse doctor, and for nearly every disease a specialist. In theology there is the revivalist, the organizer, the church builder, etc. It is the art of doing one thing, and thereby doing it better than one can many things. Lawyers now gather in the great cities and work for a salary for large corporations. They seek no other employment than that of the one man or firm Avho hires them by the year. They simply need to know the law necessary to the business of their employer, and in that respect they are invaluable advisers. It is these circumstances that have carried us beyond the age when the statutes required every lawyer to have a license before allowed to practice. In fact the law requiring this is a mere fashion — the relic of a past age. It is impossible to imagine how a community or State would suffer if this ancient law should be abolished. The man in search of a lawyer never inquires as to whom it was that signed his license. The following is a list of attorneys of the past, and the date of their admission as entered of record in Bradford county since 1813 : 322 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Name. Admitted. Adams, J. C 1824 Ames, Herbert S 1870 Baldwin, Ethan 1813 Bullock, Darius 1813 Barton, D. F 1823 Baird, E. W 1830 Burnside, James 1832 Barstow, Julius R 1839 Booth, Henry 1844 Barker, Geo. R 1849 Brisbane, John 1852 Ballard, O. P., Jr 1868 Barker, Sperry 1868 Burrows, T. E 1870 Bentley, Benj. S 1875 Buffington, Edward D 1880 Catlin, Charles 1813 Case, Benj. T 1817 Collins, 0 1818 Cash, David 1819 Cook, J. A 1843 Case, N. P 1848 Chamberlain, A 1848 Case, Milton H 1853 Carnochan, Warner H 1861 Coburn, F. G 1861 Canfield, Jno. E 1845 Camp, B. O 1871 Carmalt, Jas. E 1877 Cronin, John 1885 Cameron, David 1885 Dennison, — 1815 Dimmock, D., Jr 1835 DeWolf, Lyman E 1837 Dana, Edmund L 1844 Dewitt, W. R 1848 Deitrick, A.J 1851 Durand, S. H 1860 Dewitt, Jacob 1863 Davies, Rees 1872 Doane, S. O 1872 DeAngeles, P. C. J 1872 Drake, Frank F 1874 Dunham, E. M 1875 Davies, JohnE 1882 Disbrow, Theo. C 1881 Evans, John 1813 Elwell, Wm 1832 Emery, Jacob 1835 Elwell, Edward 1840 Elliott, Edward T 1861 Espy, John 1867 Elsbree, L 1875 Espy, B. M 1876 Elliott, M. F 1881 Frazer, Philip 1837 Frisbie, Mason Z 1851 Frazer, Franklin 1866 Fassett, D. D 1870 Gray, Hiram 1828 Grow, Galusha A 1847 Greeno, C. C 1850 Grim, A. Logan 1863 Goodrich, St. John 1841 Name. Admitted. Guernsey, Jno. W 1841 Gridley, E. C 1871 Goff.E.F 1876 Gillette, W. LaMonte 1881 Herrick, Edward 1813 Hale, James T 1832 Hulett, Mason 1832 Heaton, J. H 1840 Holliday, James 1841 Hazard, E. W 1841 Hakes, Lyman 1843 Hale, Judson 1844 Hale, James E 1846 Hurlburt, Edwin 1847 Herrick, Edward, Jr 1866 Harris, Jos. R 1870 Hillis, E. L 1875 Hale, Benj. F 1881 Hale, Jas. T 1879 Huston, Chas. T 1879 Ingham, A 1826 Ingalls, Roswell C 1839 Ingham, Thos. J 1860 Johns, Hiram C 1870 Jones, Lynds F 1873 Johnson, F. G 1883 Kinney, Simon 1813 Knox, John C 1841 Kelley, H. C 1842 Kinney, O. H. P 1844 Kellum, Charles 1845 Kinney, Miles .1853 Kidder, Luther 1853 Keeler, Henrv 1862 Kingsbury, John H 1869 Kirkuff, J. B 1870 Kirkenrfall, S. E 1873 Kinney, O. D .1876 Kirby.S. S 1883 Keeney, J. P 1879 Kimberly, Geo. W 1880 Lewis, E 1828 Little, Robert , 1842 Lyman, A. Chauncey 1855 Lewis, E. D 1870 Little, E. H 1872 Lamb, Chas. E 1872 Lewis, Geo. W 1876 Lamberson, W. A Lewis, G. Mortimer 1876 Lloyd, Clinton 1877 Mallory, Garrick 1813 McClure, Robert 1813 Miner, Josiah K 1816 Maynard, John W 1833 Maxwell, Volney M 1833 Mercur. Ulysses 1843 Mitchell, David 1843 Myer, Hiram W 1845 Marvin. E. C 1846 Metcalf, Henry 1851 Mills, M. E 1851 McCay, Jas. E 187o McAlpin, Harvey I803 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 323 Name. Admitted. Morrow, Paul D 1853 McKean, H. B 1855 Montanye, Geo. DeLa 1857 Mercur, Charles 1861 Morrison, S. G 1871 Mitchell, S. N 1872 Mason, Gordon F 1875 Myer, Thos. E 1877 McCullum, A. H 1877 Morgan, Adelbert 1878 Mercur, James W '. .1879 Morgan, Albert 1878 Myer, Thos. E 1877 Mills, Edward, Jr 1878 Marsh, H. F 1882 Morrow, John P 1886 McGovern, Wm 1882 Noble, Silas 1835 Nichols, F. M 1873 Noble, OrrinT 1874 Overton, Edward 1816 Patton, William 1818 Payne, H 1830 Pettibone, Harvey 1832 Pierce, Stephen 1832 Purple, Norman H 1833 Patrick, H. W 1838 Patrick, G. G 1841 Pierce.L.H 1842 Pierce. James E 1844 Piatt, Orville H 1850 Patrick, Edward L 1860 Peet, Henry 1863 Peck, William A 1864 Palmer, King W 1879 Payne, S. R. . .., 1864 Patrick, F. G. 1868 Picketts A 1874 Porter, Frank S 1876 Peck, W. H 1847 Parsons, Eli B 1849 Phinney, J. F 1882 Piollet, Victor E., Jr 1882 Richards, J. T 1840 Reeve, J. B 1851 Ross, Franklin C 1859 Ryan, Thomas 1861 Redfleld, A. A .1877 Rockwell, H. H 1878 Scott David 1813 Stewart, A. C 1813 Strong, S. G 1818 Sturdevant, E. W 1829 Name. Admitted. Sample, Hamilton 1837 Sanderson, George 1840 Scott, Wilson 1841 Smith, Elhanan 1842 Saxton, Fredrick 1843 Smith, Francis 1844 Sherwood, Julius 1844 Smead, Thomas 1844 Scott, W. G 1845 Stevens, N. Miller 1849 Siebensck, James J 1857 Shaw, J. H 1869 Stone, Judson W 1871 Smith, D. W 1872 Sherwood, Edmund 1879 Sittser, John A 1874 Sanderson, John F 1874 Sickler, Harvey 1875 Smith, C 1875 Stroud, Geo. D 1876 Scouten, John G 1879 Stevens, O. D 1872 Thomas, Hiram 1833 Todd, Thomas 1850 Tyler, Hugh 1847 Truesdale, L. M 1851 Tutton, Geo. S 1852 Tozer, Ralph 1853 Thompson, R. J 1871 Thompson, William H 1869 Talbot, D. Smith 1872 Tozer, J. 8 1872 Thompson, Edward A 1880 Welles, C. F 1813 Williston, Henry 1818 Watkins, Wm 1828 Wilmot, David 1829 Woodword, G. W 1834 Ward, Christopher L 1837 Williston, L. P 1837 Wilcox, Hutchins T 1840 Wattles, Morris S 1844 Wilcox, 1844 Wells, Thomas 1844 Webb, Henry G 1849 Watkins, Guy H 1853 Willard, W. W 1858 Willard, Chas. F 1859 Williams, H. N 1859 Watkins, G. M 1868 Williams, John G 1882 Walker, Edward 1882 The following is a list of the members of the Bradford county bar now in practice, arranged according to seniority of admission : H. C. Baird September 9, 1842 E. B. Parsons February 7, 1849 N. C. Elsbree February 8, 1849 H. J. Madill May 8, 1851 D'A. Overton February 8, 1853 I. N. Evans February 8, 1853 Edward Overton, Jr May 3, 1858 Benj. M. Peck September 3, 1860 James Wood September 3, 1860 Wm. T. Davies September 6, 1861 Delos Rockwell February 6, 1862 John W. Mix December 7, 1863 John N. Califf May 2, 1864 Wm. Foyle February 16, 1870 324 HISTORST OF BRADFORD COUNTY. D. C. DeWitt December 5 H. F. Maynard December 14 Henry Streeter February 19 Isaiah McPherson May 6 S. W. Little May 5 J. F. Shoemaker September 1 W. E. Chilson March 27 A. C. Fanning September 21 J. A. Wilt February 17 R. A. Mercur May 3 William Maxwell Mav 3 William Little September" 20 E. J. Angle December 15 L. M. Hall May 16; W. J. Young May 16 Arthur Head May 16 Chas. M. Hall May 16 James H. Codding February 21 Sam W. Buck May 8 John W. Codding September 5 J. C. Horton February 11 M. E. Lilley May 5 1870 1871 18721872 1873 1873 18741874 1875 1875187518751876 18771877 18771877 18791879187918801880 W. C. Sechrist December 6, 1880 Eugene A. Thompson. .December 6, 1880 E. J. Cleveland December 7, 1880 H. F. Johnson December 5, 1881 W. C. Douglas May 17, 1882 J. T. McCollom September 5, 1882 Chas. E. Bullock February 12, 1884 Jas. H. Webb September 19, 1885 Julius T. Corbin September 11, 1886 R. H. Williams February 7, 1887 E. Langdon Hart September 15, 1887 W. E. Lane September 17, 1887 Harry P. Corser May 6, 1889 Benj. Kuykendall, Jr May 6, 1889 John C. Ingham May 6, 1889 Warren W. Johnson August 27, 1889 Louis T. Hoyt September 11, 1889 F. E. Beers May 12, 1890 Lee Brooks September 10, 1890 H. K. Mitchell September 10, 1890 Stephen H. Smith May 15, 1891 In other words there are fifty-seven attorneys now in the practice in the countv. CHAPTER XVIII. PHYSICIANS. Early Practice of Medicine — The Old-Time Heroics — The Ancient Hoodoo, Charms, Blood-Letting and Hot Water — Calomel and Salivation— License to Practice— Homeopathy— Medical Society — Present Officers — List of Eegistered Practitioners — Etc. EVERY civilization has its age of medical practice — periods that to many of the poor victims, could they revisit the glimpses of the moon, would, no doubt, emphatically pronounce episodes in their particular lives. The hoodoo doctors were, as a race, consummate humbugs, and tortured often with no higher purpose than that of pelf. Some of them honestly believed in their occult power to exorcise witches and disease, and sold their charms and horrid decoctions in the grim faith that they were inspired by supernatural wisdom. The tenacity with which a superstition will cling to a people is seen in the faith an ignorant negro will to-day place in a rabbit's foot, or the faith in the power over life and death of the reeking midnight ceremonies of the hoodoo. After hundreds of years' contact with the whites, from generation to generation, have been transmitted, in form but slightly modified in all that time, the rank superstitions to which they were born in the jungles of Africa. Apparently the most tenacious superstitions of all cling to the practice of medicine — curing diseases, and especially here it is that HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 325 ignorance driven from one stronghold, bobs up serenely in another. In the slow evolution of the science of curing the ills that flesh is heir to, these superstitions find their way into the books and schools, and are sifted down through the centuries. The books and schools of medicine were loath, it seems, to reach the realization that the science of medicine is an evolution; a bold experiment always, and there is little or no authority of precedent in the case. The schools too much refer to the ancients, with that curious ingrained faith, generally denied, but often lingering, that the old times were the good times, and that there was once in the world the Golden Age, whereas, if you could locate that persistent fiction, you would find the goodness and wisdom of that period were wretched cannibals or clouted wild men. If you could only read a real book of medicine, published three hundred years ago, it would surely tend to weaken your faith in even very old men of your own time. A very modern thing is the licensing of doctors — lawyers were shrewd enough to protect their guild many centuries ago, but until lately a quack, or even a hoodoo doctor, if he could only get the patients, had the same right to practice as the graduate of the most ancient university. Doctors Avere often given to hang their diplomas, in Latin on fair parchment, on their office walls, as perhaps an induce ment and inspirer of confidence to the afflicted. The race in the line of patients was not always to the graduate. The quack advertised his goods and wares, and often waxed rich and owned houses and blocks, while the poor graduate, covered with Latin diplomas, starved in his dreary garret. The State has joined hands in these modern times Avith the profession, and the public health is officially watched over. The next step naturally would be to make official doctors, and thus add a splendid retinue to the list of official patronage. Such a proposition, absurd as it Avould be, no doubt would find eager advocates, and in conventions and on election days we would see duplicated the late scenes in Ireland, where church pastors and shillalah warmed up the vicinity of every voting booth. But it should not be forgotten that there are many arguments for the appointment in our cities of meat inspectors, deemed essential to the welfare of the community in secur ing healthy food, whether tenderloins or neck. In the story of Gil Bias is a biting sarcasm on the ancient practice of medicine. It is there laid down that the secret of the whole science is in "hot water and bleeding." If the patient got well it was science that cured him ; if he died, it was plain that more blood-letting and hot water would have saved him. Nothing could be plainer or simpler, and nothing could exceed the people's faith and awe of the eminent practitioners. The very simplicity of the science added immeasurably to its profundity, and vested it with a deep superstition and reverence in the common mind. Don Quixote was a death-blow to ancient Knight Errants, but Gil Bias was hardly more than grist to the hopper of the medical quacks. The respective States have passed license laws for doctors, but, of necessity, this curious proviso generally found its way in the act : Every physician who had been regularly in the practice a certain number of years, was by virtue thereof to be considered authorized to 326 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. practice. Immediately followed the curious fact that the State Avas protecting a gang of ignorant quacks, equally with the college gradu ates. Where, before, the graduate could show his diplomas, now the impostor could show the law, a far stronger authority than any college could grant. To this the statesman could answer : You petitioned us in the name of protecting community, and we did the best we could. Granting licenses is a growing institution, but after all it is a two- edged sword. The pretext for enacting the law is, to the common mind, fair and unanswerable, even if its actual practice is sometimes a boomerang to its ablest advocates. The people will sleep upon their rights Avhenever the State undertakes to guard them. An enter prising butcher, in a Western town, offered the town council $500 for an authorized license to sell meat. With an open, free market, where the farmers could come in their wagons and peddle meats, the butcher was getting rich. Not long after his offer was rejected the word passed around that he had purchased and beefed a diseased animal. Customers passed by his doors then, and in a brief time he was a bankrupt and out of business. In the same town lived a physician who was a several-times graduate, and experienced in the sick room ; a cultured man, and justly eminent in the profession. There, too, lived a coarse, illiterate, ignorant woman, but cunning, who from scrubbing began nursing, and finally doctoring the sick, and groAving bolder and bolder, and imposing on the ignorant until the physician was finally outraged by the request to a consultation with this female fraud. Thereupon, he went to work and never rested until the State had enacted a physician's license law. It provided that all who had been ten years consecutively in practice, without regard, should be considered licensed. The old woman easily made out her case, and lo ! the doctor had hit himself and helped her immensely — in the law they stood exactly equal, and now her new and glaring doctor's sign swings in the wind near Avhere once Avas the doctor's modest one simply indicating the place of his office. Theory and practice in laAv-making are of ten distinct things, and ancient precedent as a rule, is a poor doctor. Plenty of men living can tell you of the great changes in the prac tice of medicine that have come in the past fifty years. Within that time the brutal practice of deliberately salivating patients has passed away. It was cruel and barbarous in the extreme. In later time than that has mostly disappeared the intolerable idea that patients must be denied everything they craved, and to see a poor fever-victim burning and willing to die for a draught of cold Avater, when he was offered warm elm or toast water only; bled, blistered and gorged with calomel and jalap, here were simply tortures that Avould pale the lights of the evil hour of the dreadful Inquisition. The modern and ancient treatment of the insane is a distinct finger mark in the highway of civilization. Better food, better ventilation and better drainage have contributed their share to the average lengthening of life, that is the greatest feature that marks the past century. Much of this we owe to the men who have studied the subject of medicine and who have striven to make a science of the curing of diseases and alleviating the suffer- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 327 ings of mankind. The physician should, and doubtless will in time, take his place as among the greatest and best of men. He will fill the open niche some day, and reverse this dreary heathenism that the " great" man is he who has butchered most of his fellow-men and not he who has saved most from disease and suffering. That woman strong and great enough to reform the dress of her sister from the pres ent barbarisms and intolerable outrages, on not only " the human form divine," but the health and lives of posterity, should be crowned Avith supreme honors. The good physician should here find an inviting field to throAv his influence in the aid of this noble work, so heroically being pushed by a few of our splendid women of the day. The names of the first pioneer physicians are generally given in the different township histories. In 1847 a change in the prevalent ideas of treatment, as well as medicines, was impending. The busy Thomp- sonian with his " vegetable yarbs," teas and corn sweats was loosened upon the land. He sniffed his defiance at " Mercury," and the pill war was on. Patients would rebel, drink cold water, and in spite of the books get well. Then sometimes the doctors of all "faiths" were guilty of the indiscretion, in times of much sickness, of neglecting wholly certain poor patients, and these would violate all sense of decency and show a better rate of recovery than those doctored the most. The " regulars " were not dumb nor blind, but saw these things, and adopted the latest discoveries forced upon them, and to-day, with sixty thousand people, there is but a small per cent of the calomel now used that there was when the total population was less than six thou sand, and the lancet, hammer, and chisel and burning irons are since given over to the veterinary surgeons — hardly a fair deal for the poor faithful horse. In 1847 about twenty physicians of the county met at the court house for purpose of forming an association; Dr. Samuel Huston being elected president, and Dr. Alexander Madill, secretary. Two or three meetings were held, and one was appointed at Troy, but Drs. Madill and Bliss were the only ones present, and the association noAv took a rest of tAvo years. In 1849 a meeting convened at the "Ward House," Towanda — nine members. This required that members should be graduates, or licensed by some medical board, or in honorable practice fifteen years. This society was in active organization twenty-nine years, and on its roll of membership were nearly all the "regulars " in the county. Dr. G. F. Horton of this body was president of the State Society in 1862 ; he made a geological report and map of the State in 1858. About the same time Dr. E. H. Mason made a report of the hydrography of the State. One oi the earliest physicians of note in the county was Stephen Hopkins, of Tioga Point (Athens), who settled there in the summer of 1790. He soon became a noted physician ; built the first frame house in Athens. He died March 29, 1841 ; his widow, Jemima (Lindsley), died August 16, 1830. "Dr. Adonijah Warner arrived and located in Athens in 1792, and at once formed a partnership with Dr. Hopkins, who was there when he came ; Dr. Warner remained in Athens five years, and then removed 228 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. to Sheshequin and taught school, and provided in his contract for the privilege of visiting patients, selling his practice. He had carried all the drugs and potions he had in his materia medica with him through the wilderness from Philadelphia. Dr. Warner married Nancy Means of Towanda, in 1798, in Wysox, where he died in 1846, aged eighty- three." Dr. Amos Prentice came and located in Athens in 1797. His house and residence were on Cayuta creek. He died July 19, 1805. Dr. Spring came to Athens early in the century — married a sister of John Shepard — Avidow Grant. Dr. Thomas T. Huston was a practicing physician in Athens forty- five years. His father was a lieutenant in the navy during the Revo lution. A brother was Judge Charles Huston. Dr. Dorman was the first in Wysox. He left there in 1792. Dr. Adonijah Warner succeeded Dorman in Wysox, and settled the place of Robert Lanning. Dr. Nathan Scoville was an early practitioner in Wyalusing. Dr. Daniel Baker was for a long time the most prominent physician of the place. Homeopathy — Dr. Silas E. Shepard was probably the first of this school in the county. He was a preacher ; settled in Troy in 1828, and took up the practice of medicine, and when he removed to New York, turned his patients over to his brother, Dr. Samuel W. Shepard, who successfully practiced until quite recently, and is now mostly retired ; considers himself wholly so, but occasionally prescribes for some old friends. Dr. Leonard Pratt, of Towanda, still in the harness, commenced the practice here in 1846. Remained in Towanda seven years, and removed to Chicago. Dr. Pratt's father-in-law, Dr. Belding (old school), was practicing in Le Raysville in the " forties." Dr. J. L. Corbin, of Athens, was in Towanda with Dr. Leonard Pratt ; removed to his present residence in Athens. Dr. Nebediah Smith began the practice of homeopathy here in 1848. Dr. D. S. Pratt graduated at Philadelphia (old school). Located in Towanda 1851, but commenced the practice here with his brother, of homeopathy, and is still one of the leading physicians of the county. In 1860 the leading physicians of all schools in the county were : G. F. Horton. JohnE. Ingham, Theseus Barnes, E. H. Mason,Theodore L. Pratt, D. T.Abel, David Codding, Dr. Gorham, Kinney, of Rome, A. R. Axtell, George H. Morgan, Charles R. Ladd, Alfred Parsons, Edward Mills, William Claggett, Benj. DeWitt, Horace P. Moody, Volney Hornet, E. G. Tracy, H. S. Cooper. D. N. and F. G. Newton. In 1880 the laAv required physicians in practice to register in the recorder's office, name, date of graduation or commencement of prac tice. The list appearing on the records is as follows : Allen, Omaso, H., Monroe township,. Allen, Ezra P., Athens 1847 Axtell, Allen K., Troy 1843 Anderson, Manton E., Sayre 1880 Allen, William E., Smithfield 1880 Armstrong, Addison A., Austinville.. 1883 Ayers, Sherman E., Philadelphia 1884 Bartlett, H. A., Sugar Run Barrett, J. W., Orwell 1874 Brown, F. W., Athens 1874 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 329 Badger, S. W., Athens 1873 Beidleman, Addison, Sheshequin — Brooks, R. W., Canton 1873 Bush, Horace, Wyalusing 1875 Bishop, Stephen C, Wysox township Bowers, Jeremiah K., Reading, Pa,.. 1873 Beers, James Lewis, Sayre 1880 Beach, Lewis L., Springfield Beach, Chas. A., Troy Boro 1883 Beach, R. Belle, Troy 1883 Beach, Eliza J., Waverly, N. Y 1876 Blackwell, Clarence H., Granville Centre 1884 Barker, Perley N., Troy. .• 1887 Byron, Lawrence, Barclay 1886 Blair, A. Strvker, Ulster 1882 Bancroft, A. A., Towanda 1869 Codding, David S., LeRaysville Cloverdale, Helen M., Towanda Boro. Carpenter, P. S., Austinville 1875 Corbin, J. L., Athens 1874 Conklin, Gustavius, Orwell 1862 Cory, J. H., Springfield 1878 Clagett, W. L., Standing Stone 1874 Cole, C. H, Sheshequin 1849 Cowell, S. S., Smithfield Cailson, R. R., Ridgebury, Twp 1876 Cole, J. Howard, Gillett 1854 Cleveland, J. E., Canton Corey, Wm., Springfield. Carrier, C. W., West Burlington Twp.1862 Cogswell, M. J., Tuscarora 1866 Corr, Jno., Towanda Codding, Chas. L., Towanda 1883 Case, George M.. Sylvania 1884 Clark, Byron, Washington, Washing ton Co 1880 Cowell, Edward M., Smithfield 1885 Chamberlain, John W., Wyalusing. .1886 Colt, Samuel F., Wysox towuship Comstock, Gatis S. , Grover, 1874 Champlin, Henry W., Towanda 1881 Cemens, Henry 8., Allentown, Pa... 1861 Cheney, Nelson, Jamestown, N. Y. . .1868 Dare, Chas. V., Troy 1854 Davison, James, Canton 1856 Denvers, HattieO., Towanda Duienbury, C. 8., Le Raysville 1865 Dickerson, Mahlon D., Milan Divis, Robert G., Athens . 1882 Devyer, Chas. S., Springfield 1888 Eakins, Emory A., Chicago, 111 1869 Everitt, E. A., Burlington 1856 Everett, John E,, Burlington 1887 Foster, Emeline M., Towanda Frisbie W. L., Orwell 1869 Furman, John M., Terry Fitch, H. LeRay, Wyalusing 1882 Fanekner, James N., Williamsport, Pa 1875 Gamble, Thos. A., East Troy 1873 Griffith, Wm. P., Towanda 1881 Gray, T. D., Sylvania 1875 Gregory, George W., Troy 1879 Gamble, M. D., East Troy Granger, Lewis E., Le Raysville 1882 Glover, Henry A., Windham town ship 1882 Harshbarger, D. W., New Albany. . . Hornet, Volney, Camptown ...1856 Holcomb, W. H., Le Roy township. . Horton, George F„ Terrytown 1827 Hull, Waston C, Monroeton 1861 Hubbard, D. G. , Carbon Run 1869 Hillis, Wm. J., Barclay 1858 Hooker, Carlton C, Alba Hopkins, Chas. F., Monroe 1884 Haines, Chas. A., East Canton 1880 Hooper, Elizabeth M., Elmira, N. Y.1883 Holcomb, Guy C, Ulster 1887 Harshbarger, W. F., New Albany. . .1881 Holcomb, John T. , Athens 1881 Hammond, Charles M.,Bentley Creek 1885 Haines, John F., Le Roy 1888 Johnson, T. B., Towanda 1868 ¦Johnson, Charles H., Barclay.. 1873 Junk, William A., Wilmot township. Judson, Azariah, Litchfield 1845 Jones, Lorenzo A. , Terry 1872 James, C. W., Towanda 1862 Kiersted, Charles F., South Creek township 1872 Keyes, Francis W., Orcutt Creek. . . . Knapp, C. B. , Stevensville 1868 Knapp, H. L., Windham 1860 Kilborn, H. B., Franklin Kline, Effenger R., Sayre 1882 Kinsman, Hiram T., Smithfield. ... Kinsman, Hiram T., East Smithfield.1887 Ladd, Charles K. , Towanda 1877 Lyman, J. W., Towanda 1849 Lewis, W. S., Canton 1873 Lenard, Volney, Springfield 1879 Langhead, J., Gillett 1854 Lyon, W. D., Franklin Lewis, Frank B., Athens 1884 Lantz, Lester R.. Franklin 1879 La Plant, Hiram D., Sayre 1891 Morse, Levi, Litchfield 1868 McLachlan, John, Granville town ship 1879 Mingos, Leonard M., Towanda 1878 Montanve, Lester D., Towanda 1861 Madill,F. F., Wysox 1855 Mack, C. W. , Windham Murdock. Robert, Burlington 1872 Moody , H. M. , Smithfield 1866 Morrow. F. G., Warren Centre 1872 Mills, Edward, Ulster 1839 Mott, Limes, Burlington 1830 Manley, L. Edward, Le Roy. . . 1883 McAulifl, James. Barclay 1883 Marshall, Sarah P., Sheshequin Mathews, Alexander L., Sugar Run. .1882 McCreary, John H, Herrick 1866 Musgrow, Charles N., Austinville.. .1879 Mercur, John D., Towanda 1878 Morey, Edgar B., Waverly, N. Y.. . .1889 330 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Moshier, James S., Sylvania 1891 Moore, Jason H, Pittston, Pa 1887 Newton, D. N., Towanda 1848 Newton, F. G.. Towanda 1880 Nesbit, Andrew D., Stevensville 1887 Olmstead, Edward M., Sayre 1887 Payne, E. D., Towanda 1857 Parsons, James W., Canton, Pa 1880 Park, Ira R., Overton township 1870 Pratt, D. S., Towanda 1851 Payne, Chas. F., Troy ...1866 Planck, C. H., Albany 1869 Purdy, Nathan C, Grover 1855 Peebles, J. M., Hammondton, N. J. .1876 Pratt, C. Manville, Towanda. ....... Pratt, E. Lenord, Towanda .... Quick, P. A., Wilmot 1874 Rockwell, O. H, Monroe 1873 Reed, Chas., Wysox 1880 Ransom, Wm. C, Sheshequin Rice, William, Rome Roberts. Wm., Pike township Reed, Miles E. , Camptown 1883 Rosenbloom, Chas. A., Pittsburg, Pa. Reichard, Noah W., Herrickville 1887. Rice. Frederick W., Rome 1889 Struk, Solomer, Wyalusing Smith, Cady. Alba 1879 Scoville, D. C. , Wyalusing Spalding, Julia H., Rome 1877 Smith, Nedebiah, Canton Stone, Geo. W. , Rome. ... Stephens, A. R., Herrick 1855 Shepard, S. W., Troy Scott, C. H, Sayre Smith, L. B., Ulster Schoonmaker, Irving, Ulster 1884 Strunk, Benj. F,. Wyalusing ..1883 Summer, Porter H., Wyalusing 1882 Stevens, Cyrus Lee, Athens 1880 Stevens, Franklin M., Sayre 1885 Smith, Mary E., Waverly, N. Y 1884 Terry, Miner F., Terry township . . . .1864 Towner, H. L.,. Athens 1879 Tracy, E. G., Troy Tracy, Geo. P., Burlington : 1859 Thompson, Ferdinand A., Durrell. . . Taylor, Geo. B., Towanda .1885 Tracy, Polly S., Smithfield 1886 Underwood, J. D., Smithfield 1865 Verbryck, Geo. G., Canton towns'p .1884 Vanners, Ira F., Sayre 1885 Vansponsen, John W., Athens 1887 Woodburn, S. M., Towanda 1872 Warner, Phebe, Windham Wilder, Theo, Springfield 1857 Worthing. C. C, Rome 1844 Wilson, Henry A., Sugar Run 1882 Weaver, Geo.. S., Sayre 1882 Wood, Florence D. , Smithfield 1876 Washburn, Silas F., Rome 1865 Wilcox, W.B., LeRoy 1857 Medical Society Officers: — President, Rev. S. F. Colt; Vice-Presidents, A. S. Blair, C. N. Hammond; Secretary, I. N. Schoonmaker; Treasurer, D. N.Newton; Censors, C. F. Stevens, W. F. Harshberger, T. B, Johnson, F. A. Thompson, W. L. Claggett. CHAPTER XIX NEWSPAPERS. Introductory — The Argus — The Reporter-Journal — The Repub lican AND OTHER PROMINENT JOURNALS AND JOURNALISTS IN BRAD FORD County. THE jolly knights of the " stick" and " editorial scissors " of Brad ford county, sandwiched with the contingent of reportorial " Fabers," are a crew fit for gods to journey over the troubled sea of journalism with. Our "office cat" purringly remarks, and he is right too, that the country printing office is the greatest institution in the world.. The Mecca of spring poets and sweet girl graduates, the best school that has ever taught ; the loadstone of budding genius ; and the merry trysting ground of as clever a set of fellows as ever went on an annual excursion. There are thirteen live weekly papers in the county, besides a daily and weekly. They nest in Towanda, four of them — the Daily HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 333 Review, by the McKee Brothers, all as clever as the day is long : are independent in politics, but quote in fall all of " Doug's " political stump speeches, and thereby na\'e a barrel of fun — " Doug " being a self-appointed independent institution, his "interminable intellectual corrusea tions" — n&rt f The Argus reminds one of James' lone horseman that "might have been seen." Its editor. E. Ashmun Parsons, can boast that in the throng. Democratically, he stands alone, " grand, glittering and peculiar,'' and confesses he has the best paper in Northern Pennsyl vania, and admits that if business keeps improving he will have to get a "Hoe" in place of his hydraulic press. "Ash" is the son of his father, and the two in succession have been in the same printing office more than fifty years, and if old Bradford comes in solidly Democratic, and no other paper is started to disturb his dreams, it may be depended upon he will do his best to lire a thousand years ; with an " alf and atf" county ticket elected, the boy smiles from ear to ear. and nolens volens is a clever gentleman and a good newspaper man. His father. Judfl-e Parsons, is now retired; is hale, hearty and Democratic. The Reporter-Journal is the leading paper in the county in age and in the length of its subscription list. Roster : D. M. Turner, business manager : H. F. Marsh, editor, and C. H. Turner, •• locaL" The whole outfit are as clever a set of gentlemen as you ever found, and after a careful search, not a single " kicker " could be found. If you want to know all about Republicanism, straight and from the shoulder, ask them — any one of them. The Republican is presided over by Judge Judson Holcomb, and is owned by this gentleman and Charles L. Tracy, and, except when the Judge was in Washington in attendance upon one of the seven Con gresses, in which he was Index Clerk, when his assistant. Edward J. Holcomb, was at the helm, he is busy at the office desk. Owing to the election last fall, the Judge says he will resign (a kind of neces sary interregnum) his Washington office, and roll up his sleeves for the whole Republican Ticket in 1S92. These men make a successful paper of the Jtepubliean. These are the " boys " that " festive " around the county capital — print first-class country papers, attend their respective churches with unflagging regularity, and every one keeps posted on the last base-ball contest, and every time one of them misses an annual editorial meet ing he is sorry for it all the next winter and summer. In Athens the oldest printer now there is Charles Hinton. of the Gazette. He is the successor of " Brick" Pomeroy. who learned his trade mostly in that place. Mr. Hinton revived the Gazette after its many vicissitudes and failures, and looks as much like a hard-working case printer as there is in the county. The Gazette was revived into vigorous life in IS 71 by Mr. Hinton, a seven-column folio, and enlarged to eight columns, and then changed, in 1S90, to its present quarto form. Hinton sold, in IST-t, to Spalding and Fraser: and in two months the whole was burned — a total loss. In 1S76, Mr. Hinton resolved there should something occur that year worthy our country, and so he again revived the Gazette, and thus it now lives and flourishes. 2v o 334 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. man in the county knows more about the make-up or business manage ment of a paper than he. The News is S. W. Alvord's paper (Independent-Republican), and, though comparatively A^oung, is spicy, and he handles a facile pen. At Troy may be found A. S. Hooker, of the Northern Tier-Gazette, and Frank Loomis, of the Register. Mr. Hooker is a senior Trojan, and their papers are fully spoken of further on. Charles D. Derrah is a lone Sentinel on the watch-tower. The Canton Sentinel was established in May, 1871, by C. H. Butts & Son, of Williamsport, a seven-column folio. They ran it till 1879, and then sold out to A. B. Bowman and Charles Bullock, who ran it till January, 1883, Avhen they sold it to C. D. Derrah. In March it was changed to an eight-page quarto, six-column paper. This was the first paper started in Canton. It had no opposition until 1889, when the Herald was started by C. S. Holcomb, but was only run two years. The Wyalusing Rocket is presided over by J. S. Hamaker, who learned his trade in Towanda and graduated like a house-a-fire. The Rocket was started in May, 1887, by C. A. Stowell, and at one time was conducted by S. W. Alvord, and purchased b}r Mr. Hamaker in 1888, who has boomed it with great success ; he is a man of ability and unflagging energy. It is proper to say here that the Wyalusing Star, independent, a seven-column folio, struggled six months and quit. Monogram, LeRoy, a new paper in that village, hardly more than on its feet yet, was started* by Mr. Holcomb. Sayre Times, a very modest, neat paper of Sayre, was started in the early part of 1891. C. L. Francisco is the proprietor. The first venture in that place in this line, it gives evidence of success. The LeRaysville Advertiser. — The first newspaper published at LeRavsville was called " LeRaysville Union," founded August 25, 1865, by S.'F. Lathrop. The next was founded May 2, 1879, called " The LeRaysville Advertiser" and was published by P. C. Van Gelder & Son. January 1, 1887, it was purchased by E. H. Codding, and August 1, 1887, F. M. Wheaton was admitted as partner, and the paper is noAV published by Codding & Wheaton. Thomas Simpson, in 1813, published the Bradford Gazette, the first newspaper printed in the county — the office being located at " Means ville," near the Episcopal church, opposite Jesse Woodruff's tailor shop. He continued to publish the Gazette about one year, when he sold his interest in the paper to Burr Ridgeway, who continued to print it for a little more than three years. During that time, and while the editor Avas on the days of appeals as county commissioner, Octavius A. Holden, who had charge of the paper in his absence, issued six numbers of a paper styled " The Times" the object of which Avas to advertise the unseated lands, a majority of the commissioners being Federals and opposed to patronizing the Gazette, and took this opportunity and paid Holden to print six numbers of the " Times," under the direction of Simon Kinney, county treasurer, and issued the same as their dates matured. The scheme did not succeed, as the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 335 treasurer did not think it prudent to sell upon such notice, and thus ended the " Times." The Washingtonian, the first Federal paper in the county, was edited by Lewis C. Franks, who continued its publication for about one year, 1817, Avhenit Avas turned over to Octavius A. Holden, who dis continued its publication after a short time. Its motto was — " I claim as large a charter as the winds, to blow on whom I please." The Bradford Gazette, which was Democratic-Republican in poli tics, was purchased by Streeter & Benjamin in 1818, and its name changed to Bradford Settler. The Bradford Settler, was purchased in 1821 by George Scott, who remained the editor and publisher for two years, when he was succeeded by James P. Bull, who conducted the paper in the interest of the company representing the McKean interest in politics, being Democratic. In 1830 Mr. Bull sold the Settler to Hamlet A. Kerr, who edited it for a short time. In 1833 Dr. Hiram Rice succeeded to the office and material, and changed the name of the paper to the Northern Banner. He continued the publication of the paper for two years, its politics remaining unchanged, being ardently Jacksonian. The Towanda Republican was published in 1826-27 by Warren Jenkins as an opposition paper (National Republican) to the Jacksonian Democracy. In 1828-29 Burr Ridgway succeeded to it, and continued its publication for two or three years when it ceased to appear. The Northern Banner was purchased by E. S. Goodrich in 1835, and continued for about two years, when it was sold to J. C. Cantine and others Avho combined it with the Democrat under the title of the Banner and Democrat. The Bradford Democrat was established as the organ of the McKean wing (the Banner having ceased to support it) of the Democratic party in 1836-37. It was published by Cantine & Hogan for a time. Mr. Cantine was succeeded by H. A. Beebe, subsequently of the Owego Gazette, Avho continued its publication till 1841, when it was discontinued. The Bradford Argus, the oldest paper in the county, was origin ally founded as the Anti-Masonic Democrat, started at Troy in or about 1830, by O. P. Ballard. Dr. E. R. Utter bought the Democrat in 1832-33, removed it to ToAvanda and changed its name to the Brad ford Argus, and its politics to that of the Whig party. Mr. Utter continued the Argus until 1834, when he associated George Wayne Kinney and Dummer Lilley, practical printers, in the publication of the paper, the firm being known as Utter, Kinney & Lilley. This arrangement was short-lived, Mr. Utter regaining the sole control again. In 1836 he sold the concern to Dummer Lilley, who continued the paper until NoATember, 1839, when be sold it to Col. Elhanan Smith, B. F. Powell and E. A. Parsons, who, under the name of Smith, Powell & Parsons, continued the publication till 1841, Avhen Col. Smith, who had been the editor, sold his interest to Parsons & Powell, and Powell to Parsons in 1851, Avhereupon the latter became the sole proprietor of the paper. In November of the same year the estab- 336 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. lishment was burned to the ground, it being a total loss, but was re established by Mr. Parsons in the short space of five weeks. Mr. Par sons continued to conduct the Argus in the interests of the Whig party till that organization went out of existence, then as a Republi can paper till 1862, when it withdrew from the Republican cause and supported the "People's ticket." It became a Democratic organ in 1864, and was edited by Jacob De Witt till 1866, Avhen Mr. Parsons placed his son, E. Ashmun, in charge of the paper, Avho enlarged it; put in hydraulic power and otherwise improved it. The junior Par sons is still the editor of the Argus. The Bradford Porter. — The first number of this paper was issued in June, 1840, by E. S. Goodrich, in the interest of Gov. Porter, of Pennsylvania, and continued so to do for a time ; but the Governor's policy becoming distasteful to the editor, he added a prefix to the name in December, 1843, and christened it The Bradford Reporter, which remained unchanged till January, 1885. In 1841, the Demo crat having been discontinued, the Reporter became the organ of the Democratic party in the county, and so remained until the Free-Soil controversy arose, when it espoused the cause of " Free-Soil," and battled vigorously against the extension of the " peculiar institution," being a zealous supporter of David Wilmot, and an efficient advocate of his measures to prevent the spread of slavery. In 1845 Mr. Good rich retired from the paper, and for a short time E. O. and H. P. Goodrich conducted it ; but in 1846 the former became the sole pro prietor, and published the paper till 1863. He then surrendered it to S .W. Alvord, for one year, and again assumed control and continued to edit and publish it until 1869, at Avhich date Mr. Ahrord again succeeded to its control and management, and so continued until 1879 when he quit the paper. From 1879 to 1881 C. H. Allen was the local editor of the paper, and Mr. Goodrich the editor and proprietor, only having before leased to Mr. Alvord. From 1881 to 1882 C. H. Allen was editor of the paper, which was owned by the Goodrich estate, till February, 1882, when it Avas sold to H. F. Marsh and J. E. Hitchcock, the former being the editor- in-chief. Marsh & Hitchcock continued the publication of the Reporter till 1885, when it was consolidated with the Towanda Journal, under the name of Reporter-Journal, the first issue being dated January 8th. The politics of the paper is Republican. The proprietors are : H. F. Marsh, J. E. Hitchcock, D. M. Turner, C. H. Turner; H. F. Marsh, editor; C. H. Turner, local editor. Upon the formation of the Repub lican party the Reporter became its organ in the county, and has ever since been immutable in its politics. The Pennsylvania Backwoodsman Avas issued in 1845-46, as a liter ary periodical, by Henry Booth and C L. Ward. The North Branch Democrat was published a short time in 1850 as an anti-Wilmot organ, Wien Forney, of Philadelphia, being nominally the editor and publisher. • The Bradford Times was established and supported by the Demo cratic State Central Committee, under the direction of C. L. Ward, J. F. Means and V. E. Piollet, and first issued in June, 1856, by D. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 337 McKinley Mason, who was the editor in charge. Mason remained in charge of the paper until after the close of the Buchanan campaign, when it was leased to John G. Fries, of Bloomsburg, Pa., who con tinued its publication till some time, in 1857. In 1858 the material of the office was leased to Chase & Keeler who founded The Bradford Herald. The Bradford Herald was also closely devoted to the interests of the Democratic party. In 1859 O. D. Goodenough bought out Mr. Keeler, and the paper was continued for about a year by Chase & Goodenough, who sold to Ferguson & Payne. The new proprietors published the paper till about the beginning of the year, when it went out of existence. The Daily Argus, the first daily newspaper published in Towanda, made its appearance in 1863, and was continued tor two weeks. It was issued by E. A. Parsons in conjunction with the Bradford Argus. The Towanda Business Item was established in 1871, the first number being issued August 5th; by O. D. Goodenough and E. J. Clauson, and was a live, spicy, independent local paper, though a small one. It was enlarged during the second year to a twenty-four-column paper. Mr. Goodenough retired from the Item, January 1, 1873, Mr. Clauson continuing its publication till the time of his death in December, 1874. The paper then went into the hands of Gen. H. J. Madill, of whom Judsdn Holcomb and T. A. Angus purchased the stock and material, and June 1, 1875, founded The Bradford Repub lican, merging the Item in the new publication, being Independent- Republican in politics. With Mr. Holcomb, editor-in-chief, the Re publican was continued by Holcomb & Angus till 1879, when C. L. Trac}' purchased Mr. Angus's interest, the paper having since been published by Holcomb & Tracy. In 1882 C. H. Allen became associate editor with Mr. Holcomb, a short time. The Towanda Journal was established by D. M. Turner, editor and proprietor, in May, 1873^ the first number appearing on the 14th day of that month. In January, 1882, C. H. Turner purchased an interest in the paper, and was its local editor thenceforward till its combination with the Reporter. The Journal was a Avide-awake, newsy paper, independent in politics. The Towanda Daily Journal Avas edited and published by D. M. and C. H. Turner from October, 1882, till October, 1883. The Towanda Gazette was published as a Greenback organ in 1879, by S. C. Clizbe, who continued its publication for about one year. At the same time he issued the Towanda Daily Gazette. The Towanda Daily Review Avas founded by Alvord & Son, and the first number of the paper issued August '1, 1879, being Inde pendent-Republican in politics. S. W. Alvord was the editor. April 1, 1883, W. H.Webb bought an interest in the paper, and on the 10th of that month the Daily Review was enlarged from a four to five-column folio, and The Towanda Weekly Review, an eight- column folio, was established. November 8, 1883, W. H. Webb became the sole proprietor and editor of both papers. In March, 1884, he enlarged the Daily Review to a six-column folio ; and in April follow- 338 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ing changed the Weekly Review to The Towanda Semi- Weekly Review, of the same size as the enlarged Daily. On the 9th of July, 1884, S. W. Alvord again became the editor of the paper, and shortly thereafter re-established the Weekly Review, and in October reduced the size of the Daily Review to a five-column folio, in which size it is still pub lished. On January 1,1885, O. D. Goodenough and E. R. Thompson leased it, changing the politics to Conservative-Democratic, with Mr. Goodenough, editor. June 15, 1885, E. B. and F. C. McKee purchased the paper conditionally, and since January 1, 1886, have been the owners and associated editors. The politics of the Review are independ ent, and it is the only daily paper now published in Bradford county. The True Greenbacker was published by the Greenback County Committee in 1878-79, under the editorial management of Frank G. Johnson. The Missionary, a religious journal, was edited by the Rev. G. J. Porter, and published in 1878-79, in the interest of the Universalist Church. The Knights of Honor Advocate was founded in 1878, by J. R. Kittredge, and represented the interests of the society which its name suggests. In 1882 the paper Avas sold to a Boston party. In 1882 Mr. Kittredge also founded the Knights and Ladies of Honor Record, Avhich was continued here till 1883, when the paper was removed to St. Louis, Mo., where it is still being published by Mrs. J. R. Kittredge. The Bradford County School Journal was founded in October, 1879, through the efforts of the leading teachers of the countv ; was edited by them, and devoted to educational interests. Its publication was discontinued after a year and a half. The Towanda Record, originally established as the Dushore Record, was issued by J. W. Gould in November, 1882, and continued as an Independent paper for about three months. The Nestor of the Press of western Bradford has kindly furnished an account of these papers that have come to Troy as follows : During the Anti-Masonic excitement that lasted for several years following the abduction of Capt. Morgan, from Canandaigua, N. Y., in 1827, and the formation of the Anti-Masonic party, Orrin P. Ballard, a merchant of Troy, brought in a press and types, and established the first paper in western Bradford. It was started in 1830, and was named the Anti-Masonic Democrat. It was edited by E. R. Utter, and was finally sold at the end of two years to Mr. Utter. The Anti- Masonic excitement having subsided, Dummer Lilley, a young Whig, associated 'himself with Utter, and they changed the name of the paper to the Troy Argus in 1832, and after running it for a year or so, moved it to Towanda, where it became the present Bradford Argus. Bradford Argus.— On one occasion the letters of the heading became transposed and the paper came out as the " Tory Argus," a fact that caused endless laughter, as the word " Tory " was a name of the bitterest reproach. Troy had a taste of newspaper convenience and did not long abide the moving of the Argus to Towanda. The Analyzer was established in 1840, and was so vigorous, politically, that it procured the name of " The Scandalizer." It was HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 339 edited first by Francis Smith, Esq., and, later, by James P. Ballard, was a Democratic sheet, and lasted but about two years. About 1845 Mr. Ballard established a newspaper entitled The New Star, the editors being Julius Sherwood and Elijah A. Rockwell. It ran about three nfonths, when Mr. Rockwell, who Avas a young and brilliant writer, left, and began what proved a quite remarkable career. Taking ship he Avent to the Sandwich Islands, and, engag ing in the quarrels of the anti court party, established the Honolulu Times, ihe first paper on the island, and came near losing his head for attacking the king. He made his escape to a British vessel, and was afterward shipwrecked on the islands of Japan, whence he was res cued by Perry's Expedition. He went to California, where he founded the San Francisco Morning Call, and became one of the most noted journalists in the State, establishing the Sacramento Bee, and, later, the Sacramento Herald. After Mr. Rockwell's departure, Francis Smith was associated with Sherwood in running the paper, which was neutral in politics, and finally tAvinkled for the last time when only a few months old. In 1847-48, William C. Webb, now Judge Webb of Topeka, Kansas, established the Troy Banner. The Troy Banner, which Avas Whig in principles, was run for only a few months in Troy, when a more promising opening appeared at Wellsboro, and it was moved there, at first appearing as The Banner and later as the Advertiser, and finally became the present Agitator. In 1850, Mr. Barclay, a New Yorker, brought in a press and estab lished The Weekly Trojan, associating with him Geo. Messenger at a later period. The firm later became Messenger & Colwell, and con tinued the paper to 1854, when it died just as the Williamsport and Elmira Railroad was completed, and when a vigorous growth should have been looked for. The material of the old office was gathered up by Moses Gustin, and a small but pretty sheet called The Temperance Banner was run for about three months in 1854, when it was sold to Dr. P. A. Johnson, now of Waverly, N. Y., who ¦ enlarged it and published it as The Independent Journal for about a year and a-half, when, vexed with libel suits, and yielding to the indifference of the public, it died a natural death. The press and types were later carried to Burlington, and used by the eccentric Dr. Daniel Sweeny in publishing, in about 1857 58, a religious paper called The Samaritan Star, which had a not very brilliant existence of two years. About the year 1859, A. C. Lumbard, an Elmira printer, since identified with many enterprises, started The Troy Times, which was independent in politics, and as the troublous times of the war were approaching, it had a rather pre carious existence during the high prices and stirring events of 1861. Mr. Lumbard was succeeded by Shepard & Landon, who ran the paper for a short time, and then it suspended. On October 1, 1863, Wm. H. Baldwin, the present owner of the Watkins (N. Y.) Democrat, revived The Troy Times (No. 2). As Troy was a provost marshal's post and mustering place for the soldiers of five counties, the war news and lists of drafted men made the paper, which was Republican, of much interest. 340 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. In September, 1866, A. S. Hooker bought an interest in the paper, and became its editor, changing its name to the Northern Tier-Gazette. From the first the paper became an active force in shaping the interests of the region. It began a crusade for a graded school, the result being the present Troy Graded School ; it advocated improved agriculture, and originated the Troy Farmers' Club, and kept up a steady agitation On the subjects of education, temperance and Republicanism. In 1867 Henry Jenkins bought out Mr. Bald win's interest, and finally sold out to Mr. Hooker in 1869. In 1870 its office Avas burned, but the paper, after two weeks' suspension, was issued as usual. It was enlarged in 1881, and printed on a new cylinder press. The paper has been scholarly and heartily in sympathy with all public improvements as well as with education, temperance and religion. Its editorials have been noted for their independence, clear ness and vigor, and the opinions of no local paper are more widely copied. Athens News was started as a daily by S. W. Alvord and daughter, Emily E. Alvord, the first number being issued Tuesday, February 5,1889, and the following December was changed to the present Weekly News, a sprightly five-column quarto, and Independent-Republican in politics. Mr. Alvord's name to a paper in Bradford county, where he has so long prominently been recognized as a leading newspaper man, was a guarantee of a quick success of the News. In the matter of business, circulation and influence his paper to-day is to be ranked among the foremost in the county. Troy Register, by Frank Loomis, was started October 18, 1881, as a three-column folio, Republican in politics. First proprietor Avas Albert Morgan, who ran it one year, and was succeeded by the present pro prietor. In the early part of 1882 it was enlarged to a six-column folio, and in 1883 to a nine-column quarto, its present form. The office is well equipped, having a fine Acme cylinder press, steam poAver, has a stereotyping outfit, and is supplied with a loop from the telegraph line. CHAPTER XX. SCHOOLS. Some of the First — Academies — Hypatia — Miss Westover — Susque hanna Collegiate Institute — Public Schools Established- Number of Schools and Cost — Etc. THE primitive schools in the county arc told of mostly in the account of the respective townships Avhere they were. The very first was a religious school, simply to train the Indians concerning religion ; that they might read the Bible was one purpose of teaching them the alphabet. In 1778, tradition has it, there was a small school in old HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 341 Springfield, where were, before the hegira, about forty families ; but it is only a dim tradition. After the re-settlement, about 1784, the sub ject of schools was taken up. A certain Master Root opened a school in Athens in 1788 ; then Benedict Satterlee in 1808 taught a school there, and in 1811 a school-house was built in the place. In 1789 Uriah Terry taught school in Maj. Gaylord's house. Thomas Wigton taught a school in Wyalusing about the close of the century. As early as 1790 a small log school-house was said to have been built at Merry- all, and David Lake started the first school in 1791. The next year Theodosia Wells taught in this building. It is said a school was opened in Wysox as early as 1790. In 1802 Eliphalet Mason taught a while there. The school-house was on the flats near Strickland's. A Mr. Brevost taught the first school in Asylum. Loren Kingsbury taught a school in Canton in 1801. In 1805 Capt Samuel Griffin had built a school-house in that place, in which a Miss Segur taught. The first school-house in Smithfield was built in 1807. Gen. Samuel Mc Kean built a school-house in Burlington in 1820. In an address before the Teachers' Association, Supt. Charles R. Coburn said : " Clarissa Woodruff taught school in Orwell in 1804, and, a year or two after, Laura Frisbie. In 1807-8 Roswell Lee taught in Warren." Free 'schools were provided for by a law of 1834.- This laAv was slow to find its way to the public favor. A county superintendent of schools was not elected in Bradford county until 1854. Emanuel Guyer was the first elected, and his salary Avas fixed at $500 per annum. This was raised by the directors, as the law provided they might do, to the sum of $1500 per annum. This " extravagance," as it was esteemed, produced quickly the " Guyer war,"- — the man and the office were roundly abused. He was followed in office by Charles R. Coburn, who has filled the chair of professor of mathematics in the Susque hanna Collegiate Institute. His coadjutor in the school work was O. J. Chubbuck, and they founded in 1857 the County Teachers' Associa tion, and this was followed soon after by the County Teachers' Insti tute, that is now one of the flourishing and permanent institutions of the county. In 1863 O. J. Chubbuck was elected school superintend ent ; a practical teacher, and whose motto might have been " hew to the line, let the chips fall where they may." He had been heart and soul in the aid of his predecessor, and was well equipped to carry on every reform and improvement of detail that Mr. Coburn had attempted, and, indeed, to add new ones, especially in the office work. And at the end of his term the office was well fixed in public favor, and not only free schools were the popular thing, but our present graded schools were well under way toward permanent establishment. The perfected free or public schools have now been in full operation more than a generation — long enough for results to manifest them selves. This is the ripe fruit of seventeen centuries of schools. Nearly twenty centuries ago a beautiful and gifted girl taught in Alexandria — taught, as all schools were then taught, by the metaphysicians and philosophers, in lectures in the gardens and groves, and from the porches. The life-teachings and death of the noble Hypatia have inspired 342 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the pen of the historian, the essayist, the scholar, and, above all, the poet — beautiful maiden, noble Hypatia, whose lecture theme was: " Who am, I? Where am If Whither am I going ? " This Avas her crime, for which she was seized by the mob and torn in. pieces, her flesh scraped from the bone with oyster shells, and fed to the dogs. This is the story of a great woman. Her fate, so sad then, is but the more glorious now, through the added centuries. This is a type of the best production of an age when all people educated themselves, or, rather, when children did not go to school. What can the schools show now ? Not an unfair question at all. We live and struggle for results, not to twiddle our thumbs after we have put in practice our beautiful theories ; and, because the theory is perfect, therefore the practice of it must be even more perfect. Cynthia M. Westover, a once Towanda girl, is, perhaps, as fine a type of what may aid our present ideas of education as the country affords. She is selected as being a better instance than that of any of our past or present boys, because boys are surrounded with infinitely more possibilities for self-development than girls. Most fortunately for this excellent young woman, she Avas from early childhood her " father's boy," and his companion, as traveler, geologist, miner and prospector; and in her varied accomplishments has but few equals among the living. With no shading upon the best feminine instincts of woman, her mind and body grew in health and strength. Her father was a geologist and expert miner, and the child learned to ride almost before she could walk. She rode with her father all through the Avest- ern mountains and mining regions from Mexico to the Canada line in his prospecting journeys. During these years the child became an expert shot and horsewoman, and learned the Spanish language besides. Once, when a little girl, she shot dead an Indian who had his toma hawk uplifted over the head of a white woman. Again, when her father's camp was surrounded by hostile Indians, she galloped out upon her pony, and brought relief. The redskins saw her, but they were used to meeting the child riding about after the cows, and did not dis turb her. She had played many a time with the little Indian children, and thus won the good will of the older ones. These years were the making of Cynthia M. Westover. They gave her health, practical knowledge and splendid independence and self- reliance. They were years of self-development, and are a strong, living proof that real education is developing an ever-growing self-reliance. She was so much at home with the shy wild creatures of the wood that she learned their calls, and they came to her like domestic birds and animals. She had a strange power over them, and used to come into camp with wild birds and squirrels upon her shoulders. Besides that, she could lasso a steer with the best of them. When, at length, she went to graduate at the State University of Colorado, she paid for her last year's tuition with the price of her own small herd of cattle, which the gallant cowboys mostly took care of for her. The girl mostly fitted herself for college. After graduating at the normal department of Colorado University, she took a full course in a commercial college. In Denver she taught school a while, taking HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 343 charge of the truant and bad boys of the streets. Her great force and magnetic power, as well as her wonderful executive ability, showed itself in the way in which she straightened out the crooked sticks among the rude children she dealt with. The little girl who had brought the birds and animals to her side at her call, controlled with out effort the almost equally untamed children of Denver streets. She was a music teacher in Towanda, during a part of the time she was a resident of the place. A linguist, geologist, ornithologist, mathemati cian, musician, and botanist, learning all of these mostly as she learned the Indian and Spanish -language — not from a master mured within the walls of a school-room. Miss Westover is now Secretary in the office of the department of street cleaning, New York City, under Gen. Beattie, receiving this important and responsible position simply for the good reason tbait she passed the best examination of the many men who were applicants for the place. And here she has displayed the same magnetic power, coupled again with striking practical execu tive ability, that has marked her course everywhere. Fifteen hun dred Italian laborers are employed in this department. Cynthia West- over can talk to them in their own language, and " boss " them as few men have been able successfully to do. During an illness of Commis sioner Beattie, lasting several weeks, she managed entirely the affairs of the whole street-cleaning department of New York. A vast amount of work and responsibility that only a few men could perform and do the work as well as this young woman. The a oung girl came East to perfect her musical education, able from her own earnings on the ranch, and the sale of cattle, to pay her own way mostly. In a little while she appeared in private opera, and_ was offered a place in an opera troupe. Instead, however, and much to test herself, she took the civil service examination for custom house inspectress, more to find out what it Avas like than anything else, and Avas promptly appointed ; accepted with hesitation, and proceeded at once- to learn the Italian, German, Spanish, French, Danish and some of the Chinese languages, as necessary to that position. A splendid mathematician, she is referred to in the department for any critical calculations desired ; has mastered the subject of street-cleaning in all the principal cities of the world, and here, as elsewhere, dominates, by superior knowledge, those in positions above as well as below her. In answer to a special request of the writer, Miss Westover has kindly furnished the following outlines of her life and education : "My great-grandfather was Alexander Campbell, Scotch-Irish Seceder, founder of the sect called Campbellites, or Disciples of Christ. In 1841 he founded Bethany College, West Ya., and later, Hiram Col lege, at Hiram, Ohio, and the Northwestern University, Indianapolis, Ind. My father's mother was Alexander Campbell's daughter. Grand father Westover was a descendant of the Westovers of Virginia. Three brothers, early in 1600, settled with a few followers not far from the site on which Richmond now stands. The little village still bears the name of Westover, and the Westover mansion, built in the year 1749, stands to-day, very little changed, except by age. My mother was a LeAvis, descendant of the same family as John Frederick Lewis, R. A., 344 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. — the Englishman who attracted attention by his studies from Avild animals, sketches of manners and costumes in Spain, etc., and from whom, I suppose, I inherit some of my love for the studies of nature. "I was born in Afton, Iowa, on the 31st day of May, 1859. Yery plausible arguments have been offered, both for and against a public education, and could mankind lead their lives in that solitude, which is so favorable to many of our most virtuous affections, we should be clearly on the side of a private education ; yet, my instruction was of neither class, absolutely, as you will observe from the cuttings inclosed. Since I came out into the world, had I not had some address and knowledge of it, different from what is to be learned in books, I would not have been qualified, with good principles and innocence alone, to encounter the difficulties which have been thrown in my way. Cour age and perseverance have not failed me, while, often, others by and by grew puzzled, disheartened or disgusted. " From the age of three years I was taught, through necessity, to think and act for myself; nry invention was never suffered to languish; hence, at a very early age I knew how to conduct myself through the ever-changing emergencies, Avhich are too numerous to be compre hended in any system of advice. When I entered college I was back ward, it is true, in some studies, but particularly bright in others ; my mind seemed to be athirst for instruction, and it took but a short time to get equal percentages with my classmates, in the, to me, heretofore unknown studies, such as spelling, history, Latin, rhetoric, etc. I attribute my true appetite now for knowledge, to the fact that my memory was never surfeited and enfeebled by being "crammed" when I was young ; and my perfect health to the outdoor exercises and amusements which I necessarily got, following my father over the Rockies (I have neArer been under the doctor's care). I could not contract habits of idleness while keeping pace with the active move ments of my father, neither was there the danger of my mind being filled with more knowledge than it could retain or arrange properly — for example, while in college I graduated from one class fresh in mind, and not overworked, while the faculties of three associates, older than myself, were seriously impaired by overstretching of them." As an evidence that the schoolmen are alive somewhat to the importance of object lessons for the young, and that there are other lessons than merely those of the curriculum, it may be told that Prof. Thomas Hunter, of the Normal School, of New York City, in an address before the graduates, pointed to Miss Westover as an example worthy their study and emulation. His words were considerate and wise. When the magic pen of genius tells the simple story of her life — childhood, girlhood, and development into strong and best womanhood — so rounded, so strong — such a type, so superb that it stands alone, it will make a book for the youths of all time and all countries. With no "vaulting ambition" the girl, like Byron, "awoke to fame." This is a Avell-rounded life, mentally and physically, and the best side of it is not from the school room. The one sentence she uses: " Since I came out into the world, had I not had some address and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 345 knoAviedge of it, different from Avhat is to be learned in books, I would not have been qualified, with good principles and innocence alone, to encounter the difficulties which have been thrown in my way." Here is a great truth, in a great woman's life. When our systems of educa tion can say, or have said in their behalf as much, then men Avho can think clearly and strongly will be answered fully and forever when they again propound their recent interrogatory : " Are Our Schools a Failure ? " If there are imperfections in our schools, if they grow one sided men and Avomen, defective in body or mind, ill-starred in the struggle for life, then let us proceed determinedly about their amend ments. This is one way of advancing ourselves along the rugged road of civilization. The attempt to advance is seldom harmful; while restful inaction is sometimes followed Avith slow rust and decay. Rest assured of one thing: Whenever our education is. perfected then the best people always will be those upon whom the schools have had the most to do. As it is now the king's,' or the millionaire's sons, on whom every resource of education is fully exhausted, are not the world's intellectual or physical phenomena. The very dregs of unschool-roomed poverty have a royal train of the immortals, headed by a Shakespeare and a Burns. Nor can this be used as an argument in favor of illiteracy or self-assigned ignorance ; no more than can it be used as an argument by the school men that these Avere incompre hensible exceptions to the law of the average of mankind, and possibly much life in the school room would have added luster to this bur nished gold. Let us rather conclude that the evolution of the school is still going on, and hope that it will go on until education, the supreme thing in life, becomes a perfected science. Academies. — The first one was commenced in Athens in the other century, and a full account of it will be found in the chapter devoted to that place. An academy was started at Le Raysville, January 8, 1830, with Giles DeWolf, Josiah Benham, L. W. Woodruff, Isaac Seymour, Lyman Bostwick, Lemuel C. Belding and Gould Seymour, as trustees; in its day a valuable adjunct in the cause of a higher education, which, as was the case with most small academies, filled an important place until superseded by the State schools. The Towanda Academy Avas started June 16, 1836. James P. Bull, J. D. Montayne, Isaac Myer, Hiram Mix, Burton Kingsbury, Enos Tompkins, David Cash, N* B. Storm, George A. Mix, trustees. This was superseded by the establishment of the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, which is still one of the important educational institutions of the county. The Wysox Academy Avas started April 8, 1840. Harry Morgan, William Myer, Joseph M. Piollet, Joseph M. Bishop, Harry M. Spald ing, Victor E. Piollet, Daniel Coolbaugh, David H. Owen, trustees. Rome Academy, March 24, 1848. Trustees. John W. Woodburn, Lemuel S. Maynard, William W. Woodburn, William E. Maynard, Samuel .0. Mann, Joseph Allen. W. W. Kinney, trustees. The old Troy Academy was commenced in 1842, an educational institution, whose memory not only lingers much as a pleasant dream 346 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in the minds of its alumni, but is embalmed in written words by one of its fair girl students. Thus the greatness and immortality of all our institutions, but more especially our schools, are dependent upon the genius of some of the girls and boys, who have played hookey, gone in pairs to the spring, or roamed and picked wild flowers, and who, dreading the stern master and his rule, have slyly bubbled with innocent tricks or deceptions on the Dominie Sampsons of the rural academy. The old building is gone, the spring-path and the spring itself are now, in the crunch of improvement, impossible to find, but their blessed memory will linger, like a sweet dream, forever. Life and marriage, and other inconsequential things, may, perhaps, all be failures, but the old country academy never. Rev. Freeman Lane was the first teacher in the Troy Academy, in 1839. The Wyalusing Academy started into existence on September 7, 1859, under the imposing name of the Wyalusing Educational Union. Trustees, Henry Gaylord, Augustus Lewis, E. R. Yaughan, J. R. Welles, Washington Taylor, J. Depue, Benjamin Ackley. The board was organized, Henry Gaylord, president; Andrew Fee, secretary. A suitable building was completed in 1861 ; Miss L. A. Chamberlain, principal, who was succeeded the next year by Mr. La Monte. This building was in time turned into the public schools. The first school in Towanda was taught by Miss Weltha Tracy (after ward Mrs. Reuben Hale), before 1803, in a small building on the bank of the river north of the lime-kiln. Eliphalet Mason taught four months in the winter of 1803-4. Daniel Scott (afterward Judge Scott), before the year 1807, taught in a building opposite the present resi dence of H. L. Scott. A man by the name of Osborn subsequently taught the same school. At an early date schools were occasionally kept in the Foster neigh borhood, and frequently attended by the children from the village. Mrs. Gregory's School. As early as 1811 Mrs. E. B. Gregory opened a boarding school, in her own house, for young ladies and girls. She afterward taught in the log house which was subsequently occupied by Jesse Woodruff as a tailor's shop. Dr. Goodrich taught the next school after Mrs. Gregory's, at Scott's. Sometimes a school was kept down on the "Fox-Chase" flats, which, like the others, accommodated the entire neighborhood. The first regular school in Towanda was held in a wooden building, not far from the river bank, a little north of the court-house. After the erection of the " fire-proof," in 1825, several terms of school were taught here, and Wm.F. Dininger, D. F. Barstow and a Mr. Dudley are remembered as teachers. Schools were also taught in the attic of the court-house. Many of those who taught or rather kept school, were poorly quali fied. Of the earlier teachers Avho were fitted for this important work and succeeded well may be mentioned — Rev. Wm. J. Richardson, D. F. BarstoAV, the celebrated James (commonly " Jim ") Crooks, Hannah Ridgway, Rowena Scott, Mrs. Dr. Whitehead, Geo. A. Mix. The Towanda Academy. — Among those Avorthy pedagogues were O. H. Piatt, United States Senator of Connecticut; Henry M. Hoyt, ex-Governor of Pennsylvania; Prof. F.W. Gunn, deceased, an eminent HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 347 educator and founder of " The Gunnery," an educational institution of celebrity in Connecticut ; Prof. George R. Barker, a distinguished teacher; Miss Blackman, the historian of Susquehanna county ; Profes sors Nash, Worthing, Lyman, Scott, Burrhans, Yandercook and others. The Academy was continued until after the erection of the old public shool building and the incorporation of the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute. Public Schools. — A public-school building (wooden) of two stories was erected in 1851-52 on the corner of Pine and Second streets (where the old building yet stands), and occupied for school purposes until 1873, when the increase of population and enterprise of the citizens demanded a more spacious edifice of modern design and architecture. The present magnificent brick school-house on State street was com pleted in 1873, and occupied in the fall of the same year, and an addi tional building in 1883, 28x32feet,of two stories with basement in the Third ward. The First ward school building was completed in 1889 — an elegant brick. Young Ladies' School. — In 1851, Miss Anna Ross (subsequently married to Rev. Mr. Latimer) and Anna Jewett (Mrs. M. C. Mercur) opened a school for young ladies, and Avere succeeded in 1854 by the Misses Hanson, who established the " Towanda Female Seminary," and continued the school four or five years. The house now occupied by Chas. H. Allen, on Second street, was used as their seminary building. The Sisters of Mercy. — Through the efforts of Rev. C. F. Kelly, the church purchased the C. L. Ward mansion, and in September, 1877, opened a school under the direction of the Sisters of Mercy. The school prospered, and numbered about 300 pupils. It is free to all and is supported by the congregation. The usual number of sisters is ten, who', besides their duties in the school, visit the sick and the poor. Susquehanna Collegiate Institute was chartered May 13, 1849. The petitioners for the charter were Revs. S. F. Colt, F, D. Drake and Hiram Stevens, and J. D. Humphrey. It was the child of the Pres bytery of the Susquehanna, "to teach the higher education and the religion of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ." The first name, " Col legiate Institute of the Presbytery of Susquehanna," was changed to its present name February 9, 1852. Its location depended upon cir cumstances, the charter only specifying Bradford county. Towanda offered the largest inducement, and here it was located, ten acres pur chased, and the corner-stone laid July 4, 1853. Rev. Samuel F. Colt was principal the first three years, and Charles R. Coburn professor of mathematics, until he was elected County Superintendent. Mr. Mc- William succeeded Rev. Colt, but soon retired and was succeeded by Rev. David Craft, who was principal two years. Two principals were elected, W. H. Dean and O. H. Dean, and were in charge three years; succeeded by Mr. McWilliam, who was in charge five years ; then John D. Hewitt, one year, when Rev. S. F. Colt was again principal, and so remained until 1870, when the institution passed into the hands of E. E. Quinlan and G. W. Ryan, who remained in joint charge three years, when the latter was elected principal of the public schools of 348 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Towanda, and from then to the present Prof. Quinlan has had exclu sive control of the institution and has built it up to one of the leading schools of the land. Prof. Quinlan is an able educator and possesses rare executive abilities. The college was never in so good a condition as now, and it counts its friends and patrons from all over northern Pennsylvania and southernNew York. The present faculty is as fol lows : Edwin E. Quinlan, A. M., principal; Rev. Rolandus Kocher, A. M.; Frederick C. Wixom, Ph. B.; Clarence J.Marshall; Miss Rosa Fee, preceptress; Miss Katharine D. Swick, A. B.; Mademoiselle J. LeQuin and Miss Lillie Stewart. The school property of Pennsylvania is estimated to be worth $32,958,638 ; the cost of tuition, building, fuel and contingencies are $11,902,260.82; fuel, contingencies, debt and interest paid, $3,178,- 458.92 ; building, purchasing and renting, $2,054,004.39 ; tuition, $6,669,797.51. The estimated value of school property in Bradford county is $334,980, having 383 school-houses, 450 school-rooms, 17 school-houses built during the year, 199 houses in good condition, 70 school-houses supplied Avith furniture during the year, 449 schools, 38 school-houses in which the higher branches are taught, 143 male teachers, 515 female teachers. The following are the details by townships as they are numbered : DISTRICTS. 1. Albany 3. Alba 3. Albany, New. 4. Armenia 5. Asylum 6. Athens, bor . 7. Athens, twp.. 8. Barclay .. 9. Burlington, bor. 10. Burlington, twp 11. Burlington, West 12. Canton, bor 13. Canton, twp 14. Carbon Run 15. Columbia 16. Doty Hill (I.)... 17. Franklin 18 Granville 19. Herrick 20. Lecanville (Ind.) 21. Le Roy 33. Le Raysville .. 33. Litchfield 24. Macedonia (Ind) 25. Monroe, bor 26. Monroe, twp.. 27. Orwell, twp.. 28. Overton (I.).. 29. Overton 30. Orwell (Ind.). SCHOLARS. s ¦a a s ~n ¦hi o <** o t-l rU fl 9 a 3 3 fc fc -A ,°. Sga a-g Wo Z tJ0H< * ®.S ® a 03 rj ffl-W $0 65 101 67717378 88 525665 7983 105 113 74 69 109103 87 92 536475 72 100 1092 19 1.20 DISTRICTS. 31. Pike 33. Ridgebury .... 33. Rome, bor 34. Rome, twp 35. Sayre (Ind.)... 36. Sheshequin 37. Smithfield. ... 38. South Creek... 39. Springfield 40. Standing Stone 41. Sylvania 43. Terry 43 Towanda, bor. 44. Towanda, North 45. Towanda, twp 46 Troy, bor. ... 47. Troy, twp... 48. Troy, East 49. Tuscora 50. Ulster 51 . Warren 52 Waverly, South 53. Wells 54. Wilmot 55. Windham 56 Wyalusing 57. Wyalusing, bor. 58. Wysox 442 SCHOLARS. 7480 6917 < So as 3» ~~\ be © 0 "*rr\£rKJl^& -ve^ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 387 . The Southern Central branch also has its junction at Sayre, and runs northwesterly through tho borough of Sayre, and one and one- half miles of Athens township and enters New York between the 57 and 58 mile stones. Barclay branch of the Lehigh joins the main line at the east end of Towanda bridge, and runs southerly through the borough to its junc tion with the Barclay Railroad. State line and Sullivan branch of the Lehigh has its junction Avith the Barclay Railroad at Monroe Station, then southerly up the south branch of Towanda creek through Monroe and Albany township, entering Sullivan county one mile south of Laddsburg. The Northern Central Railroad enters the county from the south, a short distance below Grover, passes through Canton, Minnequa, Cowley, Troy, and passes into New York a short distance north of Fassett. The Delaware, Lackawanna & Western enters the State near the 59-mile stone, and runs westerly through the borough of Sayre and leaves the State, passing into New York near the 65-mile stone. The Bradford Cottnty Agricultural Society was first organized in the spring of 1853, with the following* officers: Gen. Darius Bullock, president ; Chauncey Frisbie and Charles Wright, vice-presidents ; Edward Overton, corresponding secretary ; William Scott, recording secretary ; Henry Booth and Guy Watkins, assistant secretaries ; William Elwell, treasurer. Managers : Emanuel Guyer, G. F. Redington, Eli Baird, J. F. Means, W. C. Bogart, Joseph Towner, Jessie Brown, B. Laporte, E. W. Hale. The first annual fair was held at the court-house and on the Public Square, in ToAvanda, October 6 and 7, 1853, and proved a surprising success. The fairs in 1854, 1855 and 1856 were all held in the same place. During the fair of 1856 Hon. Horace Greeley delivered an address entitled " Science in Agri culture." In 1858 no fair was held. In 1859 ground was leased just south of Towanda, and fairs were held thereon in 1859-60. The breaking out of the Rebellion disrupted the Society, and no fairs Avere again held until 1874, when the Society wa,s reorganized, and a fair was held that year at the Rutty Dri\Ting Park, in North Towanda, as was also the fair in 1875. In 1876 the Society took possession of its present grounds, under a lease of five years, and in 1889 purchased the grounds. Col. M. Laning was one of the early and prominent organizers, and for several years was president thereof. The officers for 1891 are as follows : R. H. Laning. president ; P. W. Morey, L. J. Culver, E. J. Ayres, Louis Piollet, Norman White, vice-presidents; Wm. E. Lane, Towanda. Pa., secretary ; Wm. J. McCabe, corresponding secretary; George W. Blackman, treasurer. Managers — Geo. A. Wood, Mercur ; Hugh McCabe, N. Rome; N. V. Weller, Athens; J. A. Decker, Towanda ; Myron Kingsley, Standing Stone ; Frank Moore, Orwell ; E. J. Ayres, Macedonia"; Louis Piollet, Wysox; J. O. Nichols, Mountain Lake. Executive Committee — R. H. Laning, president, ex-qfficio; Louis Piollet, Hugh McCabe, Myron Kingsley,' Geo. A. Wood. Superintendents — Frank Moore, horses; Geo/ A. Wood, sheep and swine ; Louis Piollet, cattle ; J. O, Nichols, poultry; Hugh 388 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. McCabe, domestic and educational; E. J. Ayres, farm and dairy; N. V. Weller, machinery and manufactures ; J. A. Decker, R. H. Laning, Myron Kingsley, entrance, exits and forage ; Myron Kingsley, super intendent of buildings and grounds. CHAPTER XXIV. ALBANY TOWNSHIP. THE south line of this township rests on Sullivan county. The State line and Sullivan road pass through the toAvnship, follow ing along the valley of the south branch of Towanda creek. The first settlers located on the Fowler branch of Towanda creek in 1800. They were: Ephraim Ladd a(> HISTORY OF BRADFORD C'OLtNT'V. was deeded to Athens' trustees, July 21, 1812. Mathias Hollenback had his hewed log house and store, and his wharf and store built in 1786, on lot No. 15 ; this was torn down in 1849, and Avas eventually built on by A. Budd ; Justin Forbes occupied lot No. 18, and L. S. Ellsworth was on Jot No. 19. As early as 1784, Samuel Hepburn built his store and tavern on lot No. 19 ; Noah Murray lived on lot No. 22, a part of the old fort ground, and Abner Murray Avas on lot No. 23, also a part of the fort ground. A. Decker occupied lot No. 27, the south lot on the west side in the original plat of the village. A street or road at this south line ran from river to river, and in 1801 John Saltmarsh built on the south side of this roadway ; then came the house of Hon. Horace Wil liston, built in 1819; then Obadiah Spalding's residence; next \v as Brazilla Cook's and then Joseph Hopkin's residences, latter built in 1811, and the last house on the west side Avas that of Jeremiah Decker. From Obadiah Spalding's, south for some distance on the west side, the land belonged to Richard Canton. These lots, from No. 1 to No. 53, were the first division ; then Avas added on the south the second divis ion, still divided only by a roadway or street in the center and contin uing down to the junction of the rivers. These were numbered second division, and commenced on the north line and Avestside " No. 1," and reach to No. 45, as the last north lot on the east side, opposite the starting point. They were simply irregular " out lots " or acre prop erty. Lots No. 1 and No. 2 were Richard Canton's. Henry Welles' resi dence was on lot No. 30. The old ferry road to the Susquehanna river ferry was nearly east of Jeremiah Decker's. Two circular lines in the point below the regular town are written : " Indian town of the Sus- quehannock and Iroquois, which was burned by Col. Thomas Hart ley." This line runs with the Tioga riA'er and circles near the point of junction. The other line bends the opposite way, and reads: "Land set off to George Welles in the partition of Canton and Welles, Septem ber 1, 1802 — 350 acres. From these indications it is to be inferred that originally all the land south of Jenkins belonged to Welles and Canton. April 13, 1789, Solomon Bennett deeded to Andreas Budd Nos. 6 and 40 in the second division. The land north of the old town plat, and between the two rivers, which is now the main center of the borough of Athens, Avas laid off in irregular lines, and sold by the Susquehanna Company, by numbers. These were still divided by a roadway in the center, equi-distant and running with the rivers. The first lots north of the old village plat was intended for the " minister's " residence ; then came Elisha Sat terlee's purchase, made in 1768, on the east side, and John O'Neal, Shephard and Joseph Tylerson, on the west side ; then following up the west side or Tioga river front came Francis Tyler, Dan and Hugh McDuffie, Samuel McDuffie, Joseph and Charles McDuffie ; returning to the south, and going up the east side we came to Julius Tozer's, and then to Guy Tozer's ; next was Samuel Queenshire and A. H. Spald ing; then Cornelius Quick. The next improvement was that of Jon athan Harris, who came in 1789, and built here in 1791. Then going to the northeast corner of the old Athens township, and east of the Susquehanna river, the grants commence at Number 1, John Jenkins ; HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 391*/ Nos. 2 and 3, John Franklin ; Nos. 4 and 5, William Slocum ; No. 6, Richard Halsted ; No. 7, Abram Nesbitt ; No. 9, Benjamin Allen Nos. 10 and 11, Elisha Satterlee ; No. 12, Elisha Mathewson ; No. 13, Eldad Kellogg ; No. 14, Waterman Baldwin ; No. 15, McKinstry ; No. 16, John Franklin ; and No. 18, Waterman Baldwin. Commencing at the south of the township and west of the Tioga and Susquehanna down to Queen Esther's, the tracts or grants are again numbered, commencing at No. 1, purchased by Theodore Loomis ; the Indian village was on the west end of this tract ; No. 2, Erastus Loomis; No. 3, Peter Garrington — he sold to John Griffin; No. 4, Daniel Satterlee, sold in 1788 to Ben Green ; No. 5, sold by Dan Sat terlee in 1788 to Henry Green ; No. 6, John P. Green and Thomas Lane; No. 7, Ludwig Green; No. 8, Isaac Morley, Sr., in 1800 trans ferred to G. H. Morley ; No. 9, Alvin Morley; No. 10, Isaac Morley ; No. 11, Joseph Spalding, in 1791 sold to John Spalding; Nos. 12 and 13, Abner Murray, sold in 1791 to E. A. Murray ; No. 14, Stephen Hop kins, sold to Chauncey N. Shipman ; No. 15, Elisha Satterlee sold to Alanson D. Whitmarsh. The next five tracts were those of John Abram, Jacob and Henry Snell. On lot No. 18, Jacob Snell's son was born, Abram Snell, July 5, 1785, the first white child born here. Then there was an unoccupied strip, and then came the tracts of Daniel and Hugh McDuffie and Col. To^er, Avho made his improvement in 1795. The next was No. 21, William Scott, and on the east end of his lot, on the Tioga river bank, was the ancient Turtleloe village. The place had been wiped out completely by Col. Hartley, and Mr. Scott built just west, a few feet from where it had stood ; No. 20, Samuel Shoe maker ; No. 19, Albert and J. M. Tozer. Mathias Hollenback, of Wilkes-Barre, was one of the earliest to establish himself in business at this place ; he was a brave defender of the Yankee claimants, but submitted to the decree of Trenton. He was one of the heroic Revolutionary soldiers ; a stocky Dutchman, and a vigorous, strong man in body and mind. At the close of the war he Avas Indian supply agent in treaties with those people, and Avas stationed at Newtown. His clerk was John Shepard, father of Mrs. George A. Perkins, author of " Early Times on The Susquehanna." Soon after the war he built his store in Athens, 1786, but had really located here in 1783. He first occupied a small house of Mr. Alexander, near wThere Samuel Hepburn afterward had a store, near the old fort. He built his new store in 1786, on the corner of the public square, a two-story, of hewed logs, and in time it was clapboarded — house and store together. This was a noted first building in Athens. His clerk, when the new store Avas opened, Avas Daniel McDowell. So important was " Hollenback's Store " that often letters sent to men in this section of the State were thus addressed — this was for some time the only name Athens had. Hollenback's was a truly historical house ; he dug the first well, and planted the first apple trees at Tioga Point, some of which trees are still living ; he built a warehouse on the bank of the Chemung river that accommodated, many years, the merchants ; when a boat arrived bringing new goods the horn was blown to announce the fact. Hollenback's house and store was torn down in 398 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1849. In 1793, when the revolution in France was raging, Col. Hollen back Avas employed, by the Governor of Pennsylvania, to procure a place of retreat for the royal family of France, at some secluded spot on the Susquehanna, and he purchased Asylum toAvnship, Bradford county, to which place came the French colony, a few of whose de scendants are yet with us. The royal family never came — for the good reason they had lost their heads. The contention over these lands is given in full in another chapter, and it is only necessary here to give the chain of title from Pennsyl vania in order to preserve historical accuracy. In 1786 Andrew Elliott, on the part of Pennsylvania, and James Clinton and Simeon Dewitt, on the part of the State of NeAV York, were appointed commissioners to ascertain, run out and mark the boundary line between the two States. This duty was performed in 1786-87 by running a line due west from a smallisland in the Delaware river to Lake Erie, a distance of 259 miles, 88 perches. In 1784 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania bought a large tract of land of the Indians at Fort Stanwix. The land office was opened for the sale of these lands, May 1, 1785. Under the law, applications filed within ten days should have priority of location. "No. 1" was drawn from the wheel, and the name of the applicant was Josiah Lockhart. This gave him the,first choice. He applied for 1038 acres, and made his selection on the point of land between the Tioga and Susquehanna rivers — or Tioga Point (now Athens . His land commenced at the point and extended a little above " Mile Hill," from river to river. The Indian name for the" Point" was Ta-ga-o- gah, meaning " at the forks." This land cost Mr. Lockhart about twenty-six cents per acre. In the early part of the century Mr. Lock hart sold to Charles Carroll, of Carrolllon, one of the notable signers of the Declaration, as Avell as one of the last survivors of these immortals ; he was ninty-five years old when he died. From Carroll these lands fell to Richard Caton, his son-in-law, and from him to Welles. He made easy and generous settlement with the most of the Connecticut claimants in their " paying twice for their lands." A notable mark of these lands was the heavy growth of yellow pine that covered the ground. This timber was all killed off by the worm that attacked i in 1796, and the tall dead trees towered as ghastly sentinels many years. The other purchasers at the same time as Lockhart Avere Nicholas Kiester, Arthur Erwin, Joseph Erwin, Timothy Pickering, Samuel Hodgson, Duncan Ingraham and Tench Cox. Erwin sold to Duffle, and Pickering to John Shepard. It was under the company of the Susquehanna that the village Avas platted and the lots laid off. The upper end of the old original village plat is indicated by the grave yard. There was no cross street in the place until you reached this point, and only one roadway north and south, equi-distant from the two rivers. Prince Bryant owned 600 acres, and on his land built a grist and saw mill, and in 1788 sold to Nathaniel Shaw. Paine island was named for Clement Paine. Guy Maxwell came in 1778, and in company with Samuel Hepburn sold goods in Hollenback's store building. Jonathan Harris, grand- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNT V. 399 father of N. C. Harris, came in 1789, and located on lot No. 37, now the Leggett farm in Sayre borough; his brother, Alpheus Harris, came in 1786, and purchased of S. Swift; he Avas ejected in 1810 by J. L. Kean. Col. Julius Tozer came in 1794, and first settled at Tozer's Cove. Daniel McDuffie settled on lot No. 32 in 1788. Noah Murray came in 1791 and located west of the Chemung river. At the mouth of Satterlee creek J. V. Nathan Cantlin settled. Noah Murray in 1791 settled on lot 13. Capt. Joseph Spalding came in 1791, and made his improvement on lot 12, he was succeeded by his son, John Spalding. James Irvine came in 1794, and built the once noted " Pike Tavern " on lot 43 ; this was burned in 1875; during its time was kept first b}7 Irvine, in 1798 by George Welles, in 1809 by David Paine ; the last named, with his brother Clement, came to the place in 1794 and settled on lot 37 and built the "new store" and dwelling in 1802. Daniel Elwell came in 1798 and built on lot 18. Nehemiah Northrop came in 1795; his widowed mother, at the age of ninety years, walked six miles, to Squire Gore's, Sheshequin, for the purpose of being married to Mr. Howard, and returned the same day on foot. The married life of this couple lasted sixteen years, and the old lady died at the age of one hundred and six. The Northrops came in 1830. The old "Red Tavern," mentioned previously, was put up in 1795, the first thing of the kind from Elmira to Wilkes-Barre. The noted Tioga Indian treaty Avas held on the banks of the Sus quehanna river, November 23, 1790, on the ground noAv back of the Episcopal church. This was a red-letter day in the village. Indians in great numbers were here, and their big and little chiefs and heads of tribes were all here, and their followers came in swarms — all rigged out in barbaric splendor, paints, feathers, red blankets, etc. The township, as surveyed in 1777, and re-adjusted in 1786, contained twenty-five square miles; was located and laid out by John Franklin and John Jenkins at the request of Prince Bryant, Elisha Satterlee and their associates. The tAvo rivers, Susquehanna and Tioga (in New York, the Chemung), meet within the confines of the toAvnship, and these streams divide the township into nearly three equal parts. It has more broad fertile valleys in it than has any other township in the county. The present township includes the grant to Satterlee, Franklin and others, and a strip about three-fourths of a mile wide on the north, which Avasmade by carrying the north line to the State line, and also "the gore" which was added on the Avest side and taken from Durkee township, and a point, taken off the south line and given to Sheshequin, extending up the river nearly to the junction; this change in the south line was a matter of convenience in working the road run ning along the east side of the river. This fertile spot attracted the earliest attention of the whites. In 1768 Penn purchased the land lying east of the river, of the Indians, and as early as 1773 Charles Stewart surveyed this purchase, and that year there were three warrants laid in Athens by Jacob Wetmore, John Stover and David Trisler; these embraced all the level land 400 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. east of the Susquehanna. These titles subsequently passed to Joseph Wharton, of Philadelphia, and finally this became the source from which title was derived by the settlers. The land west of the Susque hanna Avas purchased of the Indians, in 1784, at Ft. Stanwix. The first purchase here Avas by Josiah Lockhart, of Lancaster, whose first choice took the land on the point hung between the rivers; this is the source of title to most of the land within the borough of Athens. When platted, the lands within the point were laid off into smalltown lots in the lower portion, ten acre lots above, and on both sides of the rivers, east and west of the point, were one hundred acre lots. The smoke of the guns of the Revolution had hardly passed away when the first settler, after the war, came here — Benjamin Patterson — and located east of the Susquehanna river, in 1783. He was from Stratford, Conn., Avhere he was born January 15, 1752, and the sup position is he was in Sullivan's expedition, and Avhile soldiering selected his future home ; he sold to Robert Mcllhoe, and kept moving west until he reached Missouri ; he died in New Madrid, in 1840. Thomas Maclure came here in 1786, and two years after he was licensed to keep a tavern, and whether he really kept a tavern or not (for nearly every cabin in the land would entertain the weary trav eler), yet he renewed, it seems, his tavern license in 1789, but soon after left the place and Avent to New York. Col. John Franklin built in 1786 on lot 40, just south of the public square and near the bank of the Susquehanna. He was carried a pris oner the next year to Philadelphia, and therefore could not make his home here until 1789. The Satterlees, who figure prominently in the early history, were the children of Benedict Satterlee, who was killed during the Revo lution in the Wyoming country, leaving a widow and six children, of whom Elizabeth (Mrs. Major Elisha Mathewson) was aged thirteen at the time of the Wyoming battle; the other children Avere Elisha, Elias, Benedict, Nathaniel and Samuel ; the mother fleeing with her children from the valley, after the massacre, perished in the wilderness of exposure and fatigue — no aid, with her infants, no protection from the elements, and scarcity of food — no words could add to this brief state ment, to this sad tale of suffering and woe. Elisha, the elder brother, had to assume charge of the younger children ; he married Cynthia Stephens, sister of Capt. Ira Stephens. John F. Satterlee, a son from this marriage, and for years a prominent citizen of the county, died February 11, 1856. He was twice married, first to Julia Prentice (daughter of Amos Prentice), who died December 12, 1823, aged thirty- seven ; and his second marriage was with Elizabeth, who died Decem ber 5, 1871, aged seventy-seven. Benedict Satterlee taught school in Athens, in 1791, in the log house on "school lot" in the original vil lage plat ; he married Wealthia, daughter of Capt. Joseph Spalding, and died at Mount Morris, N. Y., January 8, 1813. Elias Satterlee commenced in Athens as a shoemaker, and is so mentioned in the assessment of 1796 ; he afterward studied medicine, removed to Elmira, and practiced with great success ; was killed by the accidental discharge of a gun November 11, 1815 , Samuel and Nathaniel settled HISTORY OF BRADFORD COU*NTY. 401 at Smithfield. Nathaniel's son, Samuel, was colonel in the War of 1812, and a member of the Pennsylvania Legislature. Elisha Mathewson, who married the only daughter, was the son of Winchester Mathew son, who was born in Rhode Island in 1774, and exchanged valuable property in that State for " Connecticut rights," on the Susquehanna, and came to Wyoming, where he died, in 1778, lea\ring sons, Elisha, Constant and Nero, all of whom Avere in the Revolutionary War. Nero was killed at Wyoming ; Constant was killed at the battle of Mud Fort, near Philadelphia ; Elisha served through the war in Capt. Spalding's company ; discharged in 1783, after seven years' honorable service. He was one of the original proprietors of Athens, and made his per manent home here in 1788 ; was elected major in the militia soon after his arrival, and was one of the overseers of the poor of Tioga toAvn- ship. On arrival he moved into Col. Franklin's log house, on lot 40 ; in 1795 he built the old "Red Tavern," and kept it until his death, April 11, 1805. His children were Constant, born in 1792 ; Elias S., born June 16, 1796 ; Cynthia (Mrs. Hammond) ; Fanny (Mrs. White) ; Clarissa (Mrs. John Duffle), and Lydia (Mrs. Means). The widow of Major Mathewson (Satterlee) was one of the last survivors of the Wyoming massacre; died December 14, 1851. Ira Stephens was another grand old Revolutionary soldier ; a native of Connecticut, born July 24, 1760; son of Jedediah Stephens, Avho married Sybil Ransom, a daughter of Capt. Samuel Ransom, who Avas born in Connecticut February 1, 1764. He was also a soldier in Capt. Spalding's company. Col. Julius Tozer and Jonathan Harris were brothers-in-law. Tozer was born in Colchester, June 16, 1764, and accompanied his family to the Wyoming valley. After the battle they returned to Connecticut, where Julius, though quite young, enlisted in the Colonial army. After the war he married Hannah Conklin, daughter of Ananias Conklin, and came to Athens, from Luzerne county, in 1794. He was colonel of a regiment of militia of this State; during the War of 1812 he raised a company, of which he was captain, and served during the war; his two sons, Samuel and Guy, Avere in his company. His chil dren were : Hannah, born October 4, 1788 ; Alice, March 5, 1789 ; Elizabeth R., August 28, 1791 ; Samuel, August 1, 1792 ; Julius, March 7, 1794; Lucy, January 25, 1796; Dorothy, January 28, 1798; Guy, March 7, 1799; Albert, May 30, 1801; Susan, March 1, 1803; Joel Murray, August 11, 1805 ; Mary Ann, January 21, 1807, and Cynthia, May 1, 1809. Col. Julius Tozer died December 7, 1852; his wife died March 5, 1832. His sons, Albert, Murray and Guy, lived long and honorable lives in the vicinity where they were born. Guy was elected sheriff in 1837; his Avife was Wealthy Kinnev, and they were married October 4, 1827. Sheriff Tozer died' September 20, 1877 ; his wife. August 18, 1868. '* Civil Proceedings and Titles. — -The town was laid out, as said, under warrants of Connecticut, and in 1786 Pennsylvania had sold these lands to speculators, not one of whom Avas a settler, and hence the conflict of titles. This contention went on until March 19, 1810, when the General Assembly of Pennsylvania passed an act for adjusting the title to the lands in Ulster and Bedford townships, 402 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Luzerne county, and this included Athens. This act gave the settlers prior rights, if in actual possession, and they could perfect title by the legal price of " seated lands " prior to the act. Under this act the lots were in time paid for and patented to the claimants. The pro prietors set apart certain lots for public use — the public square in the middle of the village, and also a little over tAventy-one acres, known as the " Public Plat," in the modern borough ; these were duly patented to John Franklin, Elisha Satterlee and John Shepard, trustees of Athens township — the steAvardship of which trust is to this day maintained, and the trustee's record book is quite a connected history of the acts and doings of the people; howeArer, it should be stated that their record book from 1786 to 1815 is lost. The trustees, Franklin, Satterlee and Shepard, called a meeting of the people, April 15, 1815. The meeting voted to employ a sur veyor to survey the public lands into town lots and offer the same for sale. Five acres of the land were to be reserved from sale at that time; conditions of sale to be ten dollars in hand, and balance on ten years' time. The meeting elected John Franklin, Edward Herrick and David Paine, new trustees. The proceeds of the sale were to be paid the Commonwealth in payment for the Athen's lands under the settlement; the interest on sales to be appropriated to the Athens academy fund for its support. Maj. Zephon Flower, who was the surATeyor, laid off 30 lots, and these were sold as folloAvs: Lots 5 and 6 to Obadiah Spalding, $100 ; 9 and 10, Daniel Park, $100 ; 12 and 19, George Hallock, $100 ; 2 and 24, Nehemiah Northrop, $146 ; 23, John Redington, $57; 14 and 15, Isaac S. Boardman, $155 ; 1, 2, 29 and 30, Michael R. Sharp, $219; 13 and 17, James Hoxton and E. Shaw, $100 ; 16, James Parks, $130 ; 3 and 4, DaAid Briggs, $100 ; 8, Uriah Wilson, $50. On June 18, 1829, the trustees reported as due $1,498.24. This day a public meeting of the taxables of Athens township Avas con vened — to consider the subject of the sale of the public lands by the trustees on tlie public square, which had been made to Guy Tozer. The people voted to rescind the sale — 58 votes against and 28 for. On July 25, 1829, a public meeting on the same subject convened at the store of D. A. Saltmarsh — Stephen Hopkins, chairman, and William Robb, clerk. On August 29, following, trustees Franklin, Shepard and Thomas Wilcox called another meeting to consider matters relating to the public lots in said village. At this meeting it was unanimously resolved: "We Avholly and totally disapprove of the pretended sale by the trustees of the township of the public common in the center of the village of Athens; that the said commons having been surveyed as such, more than forty years ago, and so appropriated from that time." A resolution was passed removing trustees John Franklin, John Shepard and Thomas Wilcox, and Henry Welles, Horace Williston and Francis Tyler were appointed, by the meeting, trustees of the to Avn- ship. Some evidence of the acrimony of feeling engendered in the dispo sition of the subject is to be found' in the resignation of David Paine, « C/ ^X^ G^c^c^cyt-^ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 405 trustee. He tenders his resignation and adds: " I beg to recommend the trust to the fostering care of the mob, who sanctioned the recent riotous proceedings in wantonly destroying the fences and cutting away the trees around the public square." On January 13, 1836, the qualified citizens held an election of Athens township and borough, at the house of Jason K. Wright, and elected Francis Tyler, Nathan Clapp and' L. S, Ellsworth, trustees. June 23, 1836, on settlement it was found there was due on sales $2,333.82. July 9, 1836, at a meeting, it Avas resolved to divide it into eight lots and offer the same for sale, " the lot now in the occupancy of N. Flower; Also the two reserved lots at the north side of the public plat, to be staked out as soon as the present crop is off." June 27, 1837, at the annual meeting of the qualified citizens of the township, Thomas Wilcox, Julius Tozer, Jr., and Clark McCall were acting judges of election ; J. F. Satterlee, clerk, Charles Comstock, elected trustee. July 10, 1837, a public meeting assembled for the purpose of effecting a division betAveen the township and borough of the respective interests in the lot sales. A committee of five Avas appointed — three from the township and two from the borough — to make the settlement. Members of this .committee : On part of town ship — John Watkins, Robert Spalding and J. F- Satterlee; on part of borough — L. S. Ellsworth and George A. Perkins. The committee reported to an adjourned meeting Saturday, August 26. They preface this report by saying they had obtained the opinion of Hon. Judge Williston,, and proceed as follows : " The patent from the Common wealth vested the title to the land in Messrs. Franklin, Shepard and Satterlee as trustees for the township of Athens. No provision by law was made for the disposition of this land until the act of March 27, 1827." This law, they say, authorized the trustees to sell and convey. But no provision was made by law for the election of trustees to sup ply vacancies, and the act was so defective, that in 1835 an amending act Avas passed ; this act authorized the trustees to sell, except the pub lic square. Under the law, and the action of the people in 1815, it is supposed there is really nothing to-day to prevent the trustees from selling the public reserved lots and square. The committee reported that, " first, the funds now in the hands of the trustees of said township be divided, the township to have two- thirds and the borough one-third ; second, that the two reserved lots, or Boardman lots, on the north side of the public lot, and also one-half of the four-acre lot on the front or west end, be sold and the proceeds divided as above; third, that the residue or one-half part of trie four- acre lot, being the east half, be divided into two equal parts, the town ship to have one-half and the borough the other ; fourth, that the debt, that has accrued in re-building and re-furnishing the acad emy, ought in justice to be paid at present, as that debt bears hard and to the manifest injury of a few individuals, Avho in good faith and with a public spirit worthy of imitation, made advances necessary to complete the building, under a confident belief that their advances 406 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. would be refunded by a liberal, generous public." * * " The com pleting and furnishing the academ}7 has resulted in great credit to the village and a benefit and convenience to the public generally, provid ing a suitable building for all public meetings necessary for the toAvn- ship and borough, as well as a convenient house for public Avorship, free to all denominations of professing Christians without molestation. From this view your committee consider that the township has a rela tive interest in common Avith the borough in the academy, consequently ought, upon every principal of fair dealing, pay her proportional part of the expenses." The committee then recommended that the borough pay two-thirds and the township one-third of the academy debt, and conclude by recommending that the interest arising from the unsold land be specifically appropriated for the benefit of the district schools. The report was unanimously adopted and approved. July 20, 1840, the books show total resources from lot sales, $3,234.27. Of this, $244.95 were paid for rebuilding academy, and $701.12 additional Avas paid to the borough. The township fund, from year to year, in 1846 amounted to $3,000. The interest on this is paid annually to the township school treasurer. Thus the township has carried out, and is carrying out the intention of the proprietors. It is doubtful if the'borough has kept a like faith, and no fixed fund can now be found that has come from the sale ofthe public land. The land where the new brick school-house stands, as well as the $2,000 appropriated by the State to the academy fund (in which the township had a common interest), a fund donated before Athens became a borough, and given exclusively in support of the academy school, and there is grave doubt if this fund is yet intact, and was not put into the high school building. Postoffice. — The first postoffice established at Tioga Point was in 1800, William Prentice being first appointed, and his office Avas in Mathias Hollenback's store. After serving five years, he suddenly died. No appointment was made for two years, Col. Samuel Satterlee officiating pro tem ; David Paine Avas then appointed postmaster, in 1808, and served until 1824, when he resigned and D. A. Saltmarsh was appointed ; in 1827, Ebenezer Backus; 1831, Lemuel Ellsworth ; 1840, John Judson; 1841, O. D. Satterlee; 1844, C. S. Park; 1845, C. H. Herrick; 1848, K. C. Harris; 1853, W. Olmstead; 1856, C. H. Herrick; 1861, William Fritcher; 1864, S. B. Hoyt. Cayuta Mill. — " The old stone mill " is the outcome of the first mill in Bradford county, built in the other century by John Shepard, and Avas the beginning and gave the name of Milltown, now in the borough of Sayre. Its present owners are F. J. Philips and Levi Curtis. The old frame mill stands near the " stone mill," and lately Avas a plaster mill. The present mill is water-power, on Cayuta creek, has a capacity of about 1,700 bushels daily. The present firm has operated it the past twenty-two years. They purchased of Simon Morley and Horace Shipman. The Shingle and Planing Mill of Campbell Bros, is in North Athens. Cayuta Axle Company,-^- President and general manager, H, B, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 407 Stimpson; secretary and treasurer, B. F. Taylor; have thirty employees. Company incorporated in 1882. Milltown was laid out by John Jenkins in 1786, also " under a grant from the Susquehanna company to Prince Bryant and fifty others." It lies " between said toAvn (Athens) and the State line." These tracts were settled under the Pennsylvania title, as follows: Lot 1, Theodore Morgan, August 21, 1824 ; Lot 2, Reuben Hatch, September 2, 1824 ; Lot 3, Reuben Muzzy, August 21, 1824; No. 4, Silas C. Perry, March 16, 1825 ; No. 5, John Shepard, September 2, 1824; No. 6, school-house, same date; No. 8, Clement Paine, same date; No. 9, Reuben Muzzy, September 30, 1826; No. 10, Samuel Chapman, same date ; No. 11, Judson Griswold, same ; No. 12, John Shepard, same; No. 13, James Elmstead, March 15, 1826; JNo. 14, Moses W. Wheelock, same; No. 15, George Haddock, October 20, 1829; No. 19, M. Shepherd's homestead; No. 20. W. B. Swain, May 20,1825; No. 21, Samuel Warner, March 16, 1825; No. 22, Solomon Fuitts, September 7, 1825 ; No. 23, Adam Crause, 1816; No. 24 Wanton Rice, April 27, 1815 ; No. 25, William W. Rice, June 15, 1815 ; No. 26, Jere Adams, June 26, 1819 ; No. 27, Joseph Crocker, April 24, 1816 ; No. 28, Francis Snackenberger; No. 29, Daniel Elwell, April 23, 1816; No. 30, Ozias Spring; No. 31, Theodore Wilcox, 1800; No. 32, Dr. Ozias Spring ; No. 33, school lot ; No. 34, Ozias Spring ; No. 35, burying ground ; No. 36, Benj. Jacobs, March 31, 1816; No. 38, L. Hopkins; No. 39, L. Strait ; No. 40, Henry Welles, June 4, 1817, Then came Muzzy's, GrisAvold's and El well's lots, 1826 ; Dennis Fuller's, 1828 ; M. B. Wheelock's, 1827, and Samuel Wheelock's. ¦ These lay along Mill creek on each side. Prince Bryant had built a mill on the creek on the east side, and this important improvement was the nucleus Of Milltown. He sold to John Shepard and Nathaniel Shaw in January, 1788. Lot 1 was an island, just below the old mill. Tract No. 36 Avas sold by John Jenkins to John Shepard in June, 1790, and he sold to Benjamin Jacobs, March 21, 1816. The tract adjoining west of the last-named was sold by John Harris to Simon Spalding, September 13, 1828, and No. 38, "just south' of this, Avas owned by Charles D. Hopkins. The tract abutting this and fronting on the Tioga river originally belonged to Sybil Stephens, who sold to Elias Mathewson. The tract of John Harris, just north of this, was origin ally S. Swift's, who came and occupied it in 1786 ; he was ejected by the Pennsylvania authorities in 1810, and it came into the possession of Alpheus Harris, June 19, 1811, and north of this to the State line was purchased by Samuel Harris, July 4, 1815. In this tract is Span ish Hill. Across the river opposite Spanish Hill, is the John H.Avery tract; he sold to Edward Herrick, April 26, 1826; adjoining this on the south was Levi Spalding's ; he sold to Francis Tyler, April 26, 1826. The next going south belonged to Daniel and Hugh McDuffie, who sold to Eben Dunham. Passing to the north-east corner of the township is the Adam Crause tract, No. 23, purchased in 1816 ; No. 22 is west of this, by Solomon Evits, September 7, 1825; Nos. 21 and 20 adjoin this on the south-west; the former oAvned by Samuel Warner in 1826, and the latter by William B, Swain, May 28,' 1823 ; No. 19, John 408 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Shepard's, who moved into his new house on this tract in 1817. Just north of Prince Bryant's mill were the houses of William Rice and Dr. Amos Prentice, and Prentice's tannery. As already stated, Prince Bryant sold his mill to Shepard and Shaw in January, 17.88. This John Shepard came to this country a clerk for Hollenback. He was a nephew of Capt. Simon Spalding, and came with him to the new country soon after the war, when eighteen years old, first stopping in Sheshequin. After much experience in trading with the Indians, he purchased Bryant's mill — a saw and grist mill and two dAvelling houses, purchased under the Connecticut title ; the land embraced both sides of Cayuta creek, or Shepard's or Mill creek, and included about all that eventually became Milltown — 600 acres. The gristmill was the only one within a range of fifty miles. John Shepard mar ried Anna, daughter of Judge Gore of Sheshequin, and made his per manent settlement on his Milltown property. He bought of John Jenkins three hundred and forty acres opposite his mills, across the creek. He was a large land buyer, and at one time owned all the land on Avhich is Waverly. The first interment in the MilltoAvn cemetery was a youth of eighteen, Chester, a son of Josiah Pierce, Avho had been thrown from his horse and dragged to death. In December, 1798, Shepard's gristmill burned, and with difficulty the sawmill was saved. The whole population turned out and helped rebuild it ; in the meantime the people had to go to Wilkes-Barre, one hundred miles, to mill. About the beginning of this century Mr. Shepard had a grist mill, sawmill, fulling-mill, oilmill and a distillery, and Avas one of the leading business men of northern Pennsylvania. An entry in his diary in 1804 says : " Began to build my large house in Milltown, and made preparations to build my new mill near the river." Under date of September 7, 1805, he says : " The Avife of my youth was taken from me by death, by a fall. from a carriage." The preceding February 7, his first-born son, Prentice, died, and August following his uncle and next-door neighbor, Dr. Amos Prentice, died. In 1809 Mr. Shepard sold his old mill to Samuel Naglee, of Philadelphia. That year he sent to Stonington, Conn., for his sister, Mrs. Grant, and two daugh ters, to come and keep house for him. These daughters became Mrs. Stephens and Mrs. Howard. In 1809 Mr. Shepard received the first commission from Gov. Simon Snyder, as justice. The Wolf Invasion. — Mr. Shepard's diary, 1814, says : " This year there was heavy snow and a hard winter. The Avolves were driven down from the mountains in search of food, and many sheep were devoured by them. They could be heard howling at all times of the night; the inhabitants were much in fear of them and were afraid to pass from Milltown to Athens, even in the day time. There Avas no traveling after dark, so great was the fear and danger. The sheep were often called into the door-yard and lights, Avere kept burning for their protection. Bears and panthers were sometimes seen between the rivers." ATHENS BOROUGH. Athens Borough was incorporated March 27, 1831, and David Paine was elected first burgess. It Avas still but little more than the hum* HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 409 blest hamlet, but its people had ambitious ideas for both their country and their " Tioga" town. When men first sent letters here by private hand they directed them to Tioga Point, and even its circle of juris diction extended far into New York. After a time letters for this place were directed to Ulster, and this went on some years, and then some classical turned mind insisted on Athens as the baptismal name for the young " future great." These high-sounding classical names for back stations and places, possessed of more ambition than popula tion or wealth, often remind one of a family, who knew sofriething of Bonaparte and named their favorite first-born "Napoleon Bonaparte," and when he was nearly grown and was attending the cabin school, he was only known as " Boney," he was so thin and meager, and during all his school-life he ne\rer mastered the alphabet, so it was supposed he had taken his name among the other children from his mental and physical conditions, and in that view there was great fitness in the boy and name. The original boundary lines included all the land between the rivers from the north line of the Public Land, now Ferry and Paine streets, and the north line of what was the late Henry Welles's, now J. O. Ward farm. The limits were first extended southerly, taking in the Welles or Ward farm between the rivers ; it was extended afterward northerly, including all the land between the rivers as far north as the north line of old Ulster, known now as the south line of the Guy M. Tozer homestead, and the late E. C. Herrick's farm. The third exten sion took in all the land north of the south line of J'. F. Ovenshire's farm, and from 'the Susquehanna river west to the east line aforesaid of Herrick's farm. The record book of the borough of 1862 opens with the following: At the burning of Patrick's first brick block, June 10, 1862, all boro records and papers that were then in the office of J. B. Reeve and in his care, were lost; or inplain facts, burned up. In 1866 a copy of boro charter was received from Harrisburg through the hands of H. W. Patrick, Esq. May 14, 1874, it was decreed by the court of Quarter Sessions of Bradford county, that the borough of Athens be subject to the restrictions and possess the power and privileges conferred upon boroughs by the act of April 3, 1851, and that the provisions of the charters be amended so far as they are in conflict with said act. The name and style shall be "The Burgess and Council of the Borough of Athens." The burgesses that can now be recalled by the oldest inhabitant or rather the best memory, Avhich it is conceded is that of Attorney H. C. Baird, were : Aaron Tibbits, Richard Durbin, Geo, A. Perkins, Mr. Conklin, H. C. Baird (1848), Geo. Merrill, C. H. Herrick and E. H. Perkins [?]. The records from June, 1862, are complete and full, and the offi cials in their order were as folloAvs : 1862— Burgess, E. White; council: C. Comstock, J. B. Reeve, J. A. Bristol, H. W. Patrick, C. C. Brooks. 1863 — Burgess, George Merrill; council: Charles Comstock, C. 0. Huntington, J. B. Reeve, John Drake, C. Hunsicker. 1864.— Burgess, James A. Bristol; council: J. L. Drake, J. L. Corbin, H. W. Rockwell, H. Williston, Ed. White. 1865— Burgess, S. W. Blood; council: H. Williston, C. W. Clapp, L. McMillan John Drake, D. P. Park. 1866— Burgess, S. N. Blood; council: A. H. Spalding, C. W. Clapp, J. D. Hill, G. H. Welles, G. M. Angier. 410 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1867 — Burgess, John Saltmarsh; council: William Hancock, E. S. Herrick, George Merrill, A. O. Snell, William Durrant. 1868 — Burgess, E. Herrick; council: H. Williston, Squire Northrup, John P. Blood. George Merrill, George H. Voorhis. 1869 — Burgess, E. Herrick; council: A. A. Kinner, M. Foley, A. O. Snell, James Bristol, J. S. Middaugh. 1870— Burgess, C. Hunsicker; council: William Hancock, H. C. Smith, T. P. McEvoy, William Kiff, Edwin Drake. 1871 — Burgess, C. Hunsicker; council: William Hancock, H. C. Smith, C. T. Hull, William Kiff, Edwin Drake. 1872— Burgess, F. R. Pike; council: G. M. Angiei', Charles Kellogg, E. N. Mer rill, J. W. Comstock, Joseph M. Ely, Jr., Michael Foley. 1873— Burgess, Charles T. Hull; council: Charles Kellogg, D. F. Park, J. B. Reeve, Artemus Weller, Thomas McEvoy, Isaac Gregory. 1874.— Burgess, A. A. Prince; council: John Carroll, E. D. Peck, F. T. Page, George H. Mead, George Jordan, F. B. Welch. 1875— Burgess, D. F. Park; council: F. A. Allen, J. M. Pike, George H. Mead, J. S. Middaugu, F. T. Page, H. C. Smith. 1876— Burgess, Edward Herrick; council: J. M. Pike, E. G. Fitch, I. N. Evans, F. T. Page, G. F. Sawyer, J. M. Ely, Jr. 1877 — Burgess, J. Leroy Corbin; council: J. M. Ely, C. S. Maurice, I. N. Evans, George Pendleton, Fred. B. Welch, Ed. H. Perkins. 1878— Burgess, T. D. Woolcot; council: F. M. Welles, John Carroll, M. R. Heath, James Bristol, C. S. Maurice, J. M. Ely, Jr. 1879— Burgess, F. T. Page; council: John King, D. T. Park, Joseph Hines, G. A. Kinney, J. L. Middaugh, J. A. Bristol. 1880— Burgess, F. T. Page; council: Joseph Hines, T. P. McEvoy, F. M.Welles, D. F. Park, W. Osborne, J. A. Bristol. 1881 — Burgess, A. A. Prince ; council: John Carroll, M. P. Murray, John King, F. B. Welsh, E. M. Frost, D. F. Park. 1882— Burgess, A. A. Prince; council: E. C. Spalding, M. R. Heath, M. P. Murray, George Vail. F. A. Gillett, Mark Thompson. • 1883— Burgess, C. S. Maurice ; council: J. L. Elsbree, F. A. Gillett, Mark Thomp son' Cornelius Knibbs, H. F. Maynard, G. T. Ercanbrank. 1884 — Burgess, C. S. Maurice ; council : E. T. Fitch, Joseph Hines, C. Knibbs, H. F. Maynard, E. W. Kellogg, M. P. Murray. 1885 — Burgess, E. M. Frost; council: M. P- Murray (three years), J. W. Carroll (Fitch's unexpired term), Joseph Hines, W. G. Demiston (three years), C. Knibbs, (two years), B. W. Kellogg (one year). 1886 — Burgess, George E. Davis; council : M. P. Murray, N. J. Knarlesboro, W. T. Demiston. E. W. Kellogg, C. Knibbs, J. W. Carroll. The latter resigned in March, and G. F. Ercanbrank was elected to fill vacancy. 1887— Burgess, George E. Davis ; councilmen elect: Mark Thompson, C. Knibbs, A. C. McCaslin. 1888 — Burgess, George A. Kinney; councilmen elect: D. W. Tripp, C. W. Prince, C. Knibbs, M. P. Murray. 1889 — Burgess, George A. Kinney; council : M. W. Nevins (three years), James Lowman (three years). 1890 — Burgess, Geo. A Kinney; council (city now divided into three wards) : J. E. Sivzers, C. W. Bullard, John H. Alberts, Jas. Lowman, M. P. Murray, M. W. Nevins. In addition to these councilmen, the officers elected at the February election, 1890, are the following: High constable, James Bennett; auditor, J. F. McKean ; tax collector. James Bennett; Second Ward, school director, H. L. Towner ; Third Ward, school director, John Sim mons. Judge of elections, First Ward, E. Mills ; inspectors, W. K. Park and Jesse Barber ; constable, First Ward, A. C. McCaslin. Sec ond Ward, judge of election, George Pendleton; inspectors, J. T. Corbin, E. W. Campion ; constable, Charles Fitzgerald. Third Ward, judge of election, John McNamara; inspectors, W. II. French, A. Kirkpatrick ; constable, A. Groat. At the June meeting, 1876, on motion of J. M. Ely, it was unani History oi? Bradford county. 4ll mously resolved that the borough would subscribe $1,000, provided the citizens Avould subscribe $500, and Avould pa}/ $900 of this amount to the Chemung Bridge Company in full for their bridge, and make the same a free bridge. The people were clamorous for free bridges. In the early spring of 1890 an electric company sent an agent to the borough to arrange for electric lighting. His propositions Avere accepted and all conditions fulfilled ; but he " disappeared," as the minutes put it, and now the good people are waiting for " next." They will not have to wait long. In connection with Sayre, an active movement is on foot to build electric street railways to pass from Athens to South Waverly, and by the early part of 1892, it is confidently expected, this improATement will be in full operation. Fire Department. — A record of nearly fifty years is that of the Athens Fire Department. Like all or most of the efficient institutions of men, it had its early small beginning, and its time of trial and days of cloud, but has struggled, lived and now, at all events, flourishes. About the first fire in Athens, whether it was the one that suggested organizing a fire company or not, was that of an incen diary Indian, Avho playfully entered a habitation, kindled a fire in the hall, and stood over it until the building was in flames, the family looking on in silent fear. When these noble red fire-bugs were driven out of the country, there was more of a show for insurance and fire companies. It is said by some elderly Athenians that they can remember when Dana Park and Squire H. C. Baird constituted the borough or village fire department — Dana with his ladder and Baird with his bucket, and to see them race at the first alarm tap Avas a sight indeed! The Athens Gazette has transmitted a striking wood cut, taken by an instantaneous camera, of this original company going to a fire. Dana is in the lead with his ladder under one arm and an ax on the other shoulder, and Baird is carrying his bucket as though it Avas full of milk and he had on his Sunday clothes — stately, sure and determined, with a " git there " expression on each face — "if it takes all summer ! " The first fire company originated with the Junction Iron Works in 1855. . This important manufactory was operated by C. W. Shipman and Col. C. F. Welles; the plant stood on the ground now occupied by Fitch & Kinney's store and John Merritt's house; their chief products were steam engines and fine machinery in iron, steel and brass; at the time this was the most important factory in the county. In the fall of 1855, Mr. Shipman purchased at a fair at Elmira a small fire engine he found there on exhibition, and brought it home with him; his entire idea was to have something to protect his iron works. The remains of this little old first engine in the county are to be seen yet at the rooms of Protection Company No. 1. There is a claim made by the Naiads, of Towanda, that they purchased their engine a little before this one arrived in Athens. When Mr. Shipman arrived with his pur chase, immediate steps were taken to form a company. The first idea Avas to form one exclusively ofthe employes of the iron Avorks. Alfred B. Couch was elected foreman in the machine shops; Daniel Bradbury, 412 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. assistant foreman; Lucien McMillan, clerk, and George E. Lambert, treasurer. . A committee on constitution and by-laws Avas appointed, who reported October 30, and it was resolved to restrict membership to the iron works employes. In 1856 a new rule Avas adopted, alloAv- ing others outside of the works to become members. Uniforms were procured, and the "laddies" would meet and take the "pet" out for a little exercise. A cistern Avas built in the rear of the machine shop, and noAv the exercises consisted in manning the brakes and forcing the water through the two hundred feet of rubber hose to the top of the works. When the boys had all in turn blistered their hands, a resolution was passed that the men in Wheeler & Overton's tin shop be allowed to join them, and the same privilege was extended to the men in Stevens'. wtagon-shop. They were now busy recruiting men; in NoATember the ranus were full, and it was declared a public institu tion for the equal protection of all, and the engine and hose were given over by Mr. Shipman to the company for the use of the borough. A. P. Stevens presented a hose jumper, a hose company Avas selected and the affair was now a complete borough fire company; the next move was the first fireman's ball — a great event. Time went on, and, fortu nately, the winter passed with no alarm bell to call out the boys. May 28, 1856, the first regular business meeting of the new organization took place, and the following officers were elected: Daniel P. Merriam, chief; Emmott Harder, foreman; Mark Bramhall, assistant; L. S. Keeler, treasurer; C. T. Hull, secretarv, and L. A.Lewis, James Nolan, Edward Welch, J. T. Johnson, W. B."Hosford, T. M. Harder, W. W. Wilkinson and Hubert Corner, suction hosemen. The boys said they selected Daniel P. Merriam because he Avas the heaviest man in the crowd, weighing three hundred and upward, and was an Old-School Presbyterian, Avho always stood up at prayers. As this Avas really the first organization, it was in order to give it a name, and the one selected was the "Protection Engine Company No. 1," and the boys resolved to parade on the coming Fourth of July in full uniform. A blue silk banner was secured, and the ladies embroidered on it in blazing letters : " Protection Engine Company, Athens, Pa. — Always ready," and a gala day it was in Athens " Avhen the band began to play." Ike Snell carried the proud banner, and no prouder man ever Avent marching down the street. The Company, in their new uniforms, marched over the bridge, led by Jabez Stone's martial band, to where is now the Smull tannery, where they received their visitors, the Towanda companies, which came up on the canal packet boat " Gazelle" that had braved the perils of the raging canal. When the " Franklins " and " Naiads " had been thus received, all joined in procession, and marched back to the " Exchange Hotel," and at 10 a. m. the procession formed ; the town was gaily decorated and from every house and every window fluttered welcoming flags to those brave and scarred fire-fighters in their resplendent uniforms. The parade over, they marched to the foot of Ferry street, to test the engines. The Junction Iron Works were moved from Athens in August, 1856, and this caused Merriam and Harder to resign, and C. T. Hull HISTORY 01' BRADFORD COUNTY. 413 was made foreman, and Noble Ruggles, assistant ; A. H. Spalding, chief, and J. H. Wilson, secretary. At the annual election, January 3, 1857, the following were chosen: James H. Wilson, foreman; T. R. Davis, Jr., assistant; C. T. PIull, secretary; A. H. Spalding, chief engineer, and L. W. Burchard, assist ant. After the closing of the Junction Iron Works, the Company found quarters at J. H. Wilson's, and their place of practicing was the tall chimney of Gillett's brewery, which was destroyed by fire. Dissensions arose in the Company, and interest began to flag. On August 3, 1857, a resolution to disband was passed. At the same time a request was made to C. T. Hull to call a public meeting to organize a new company ; a meeting was held, and an informal emergency company was enrolled, but a general demoralization on the subject prevailed. To this time the principal fires in Athens were : J. B. Brockway's house in 1847, which stood where is now J. L. Ellsbree's residence ; adjoining and burned wras Hiram Merrithew's small shoe-maker's shop, in Avhich Merrithew hustled out in such a hurry that he lost his wooden leg. In 1851 the row of wooden business houses that stood Avhere is now the old brick block, doAvn town, were burned. In this fire passed away the old "Eagle Hotel" building; Billy Wilson's store, William Mier's cabinet shop, and Grant Snell's new frame store, not finished ; the Methodist church, " Barrack Row" — tenement houses — and the Episcopal church building. This fire swept away all the business houses on Main street, churches, and Barrack Roav, clear to the river on Chemung street, a great calamity to the town. In 1856 the "Exchange Hotel" barns, sheds, and Dr. William Kiff's house were burned. It was one of the hottest days in July. This was only a few days after the great parade of "Protection" Company, and the engine was worked mightily, and soon pumped the cistern dry, so a bucket brigade leading to the river Avas put in force. Soon after this Patrick's old brick block was burned. It was rebuilt in its present form. Then the Page store and John Drake's residence went up in flames. Drake's residence was one of the old Clement Paine buildings, and stood where is now the Salvation Army barracks. In the order following were the fires that destroyed Dorsey's livery stable: Pike's hotel and the wooden toav of buildings on the east side of Main street; Edwin White's tin shop, which stood near where is R. N. LoAve's residence, and with it went the Presby terian church ; then F. R. Lyon's cabinet shop and the second brick Presbyterian church building. The Junction Iron Works buildings Avere burned in 1872, unoccu- pied at the time. In the vicinity where is now the heavy part of the business on Main street were " hot grounds." The Hemlock toav Was burned, but other buildings took its place, and they too were burned. In the meantime the continued indifference to having a live fire company finally paved the way to its rehabilitation. Periodical attempts, at all events renewed efforts after every fire, had been made 414 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. to this end, and 1877 Avitnessed the hour and the men Avhen the Athenians should once more become active fire-fighters. A meeting was held at Mitchell Bros.' store, and at this meeting appeared Joseph M. Ely, who was fresh from an extended experience with the noted Excelsior Hose Company No. 14, of New York, and he and C. T. Hull took the matter in hancl. The old hand engine and cart were pur chased that had fallen into the hands of Blood & Co., a committee was appointed, and six months after the council provided laws and regulations that resulted in the present Fire Department. A lot was purchased on Bridge street at the request of all the leading citizens. A company of eighty members, composed of the best citizens, was soon organized, and Protection Company, No. 1, was revived, and the name changed to Protection Hose and Engine Company No. 1, and at all these preliminary meetings J. M. Ely was secretary and one of the moving spirits. June 7, 1878, an election Avas held and the following officers' chosen : Joseph M. Ely, chief engineer; Charles T. Hull, first assistant chief; David F. Park, second assistant chief. At the special meeting, June 8, 1878, the following general officers were elected : T. D. Wolcot, president ; M. R. Heath, vice-president, M. W. Nevins, secretary ; George T. Ercanbrack, financial secretary ; F. T. Page, treasurer ; George A. Kinney and Joseph Hines, trustees ; E. G. Fitch, member of fire board; Charles Morse, foreman ; John Carroll, assistant foreman ; H. Carpenter and Ard Crous, pipeman. A new and elaborate uniform Avas prescribed. With their new com pany and new uniform they were ready for invitations, and went to Waverly in September, accompanied by the Athens Cornet Band. New hose, 200 feet, had been secured by a public subscription, and the next year the borough purchased a leather hose. The first build ing was provided as follows: Mr. Ely knowing the borough could do nothing, found a man Avho could furnish the lumber and wait three years for his pay ; it was purchased and the members volunteered to do the work, several put in as much as two month's steady work on it. It was put up in the fall of 1878. The ladies gave a festival, and raised funds to complete and furnish the building. For 1879 Ely, Hull and Park were re-elected. During this year there had been three fires, and this made it plain that a fire alarm Avas needed. Seventy dollars were subscribed, mostly by the company, a bell purchased, and the present tower-house and belfry put up and the bell swung. After this thorough re-organization, the principal fires, in addition to those given above, were : October 15, 1879, F. R. Lyon's cabinet fac tor}^, and John Carroll's residence and the Presbyterian church — losses $12,300 ; May 19, 1880, Novelty Furniture Works, fire room ; May 26, following, frame dwelling foot of Chestnut street ; December 27, 1881, John Merritt's livery stable, Mrs. Stone's dAvelling and Dr. Towner's barn ; May 27, 1882, the old toll-house and Chemung bridge ; March 10, 1883, Mrs. Murray's new frame dwelling, loss $3,000 ; May 13, 1883, Seth Ellsbree's three-story building, Main street, loss $5,200 ; October 26, 1883, Estabrook's three-story double brick, conrer Elm and Main streets, loss $10,500 ; November 4, 1883, barns in rear of Pad HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 4l5 Factory ; June, 1884, Novelty Furniture Works, Ralph Tozer's coal office and sheds, Dana McAfee's grain barn and contents, Daily's wagon storage, and the Furniture Works' lumber yard — loss $120,300, insurance, $45,000; December 27, 1884, two and a half story double store building on Main street, belonging to N. C. Harris and occupied by Pike & Lowe ; November 28, 1885, contents cellar under Pad Fac tory ; July 3, 1886, W. Carner's dwelling, partial loss ; July 18, 1886, kitchen of D. H. Park's dwelling ; December 18, 1886, the frame hammer shop of Bridge Works. February 4,-1891, the old "Exchange Hotel" burned. This was a notable old building, once the very heart and center of the village, but now in lower town, and the business has passed away from its locality. It had stood for sixty years, and was at one time a noted stage stand on the great southwest thoroughfare through the county. It sheltered in its day most of the notable men of Pennsylvania or New York — Buchanan, Fremont, VanBuren, Greeley, Wilmot, Graw, "Dick" Johnson (Tecumseh's slayer) and a host of others — a land mark, truly, in northern Pennsylvania. For fifteen years or more it was "too far down town," and when it was built it was thought " it is too far up town." It burned at the dead of night, and to some the greatest loss was the destruction of the old tavern rounded sign that swung so long before the front door. Ely, Hull and Spalding continued by re-elections in their respective offices without change until 1885, when Hull and Ely changed places. The Fire Department and G. A. R. hall are now the same, and Athens can boast of a most efficient lot of fire-fighters. Returning a little to the story of the founding and growth of the town, which may now be said to be one hundred and five years old, we refer to the description of the place, the oldest one now knoAvn, made in 1795 by Duke de la Rochefoucauld. He describes it as eight or ten rough cabins, one of them a tavern " crowded Avith travelers going to settle near the lakes " — the year before, so great Avas this travel, that three of the cabins called themselves taverns. He described the merchants trading with Indians mostly, but dealing in hemp Avhich Avas obtained from the valleys above. The Duke was not pleased with his accommodations; had to sleep in the "loft" that was entered by an outside ladder ; his bed or pallet was as rude as possible, and " not clean ; " he slept, therefore, with his boots on, and the food, according to his notes, was not any better than the other accommodations. Choice business locations at the beginning of the century were rated in the market nearly as high as the average lots on Broadway, New York. In 1802 George Welles had become the possessor of Lockhart's purchase, and he employed a surveyor to resurvey the place, which he called " Lockhartsburg," but the people would not so have it, and the old names and streets prevailed. Welles was the fairest minded of men ; his name deserves the brightest future in the history of the county. When he purchased Lockhart's title to the point, he came on and located in the place. For fourteen years previously the Connecticut people were settled here, and supposed they owned the land by a good Connecticut title ; 416 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTV. they had bought and sold without let or hindrance. Mr. Welles' first act on arriving Avas to purchase James Irvine's tavern, and claim that was on Welles' land, paying him $6,000 ; and he moved into the tavern and continued it as a public. On the lower part of the point Avere Isaac Cash, Ira Stephens, Nehemiah Northrup, David Paine, Henry Decker, Jonathan Harris, Nathan Bull and Mr. Beebe. These were all in peaceable possession, and had made houses and fences, and were cultivating their fields. Mr. Welles bought these all out, and paid in the aggregate about $3,000. Elisha Mathewson had purchased lots on the Welles or Lockhart tract, and Mr. Welles offered to buy his interests, but Mathewson refused to sell on any terms, and, as his lots were scattered about promiscuously, affairs soon became vexing. Mr. Mathewson died in 1805, and Gen. Henry Welles succeeded to the ownership of his father's interests in the Lockhart lands. He tried in vain to purchase the Mathewson interests, and finally commenced suit in the Federal Court. Mrs. Mathewson had given a deed to Welles, but she claimed it Avas as a compromise, and she was to have a clear and fee simple deed to her house and lot. Under this deed the sheriff put Welles in possession. In 1809 Gen. Henry Welles was elected to the Legislature, and he secured the passage of what Avas known as the Bedford and Ulster Act, by which these townships were allowed the benefits of the provisions of the Compromise of 1799. Mrs. Mathewson commenced suit for her entire land and lots. Her claim was against Satterlee, from whom her husband had obtained title. These were deemed the most important cases in connection with the history of the " Seventeen Townships." The cases were twice carried to the supreme court ; finally, before the House of Representatives, at Harrisburg, asking for special legislation. Constant Mathewson, son of Elisha, had, in 1827, been elected to the Legislature, and finally secured the appointment of a commission to examine the question and appraise the land, and in the end Mrs. Mathewson Avas paid by the State $10,000. Thus happily ended the long land controversy, involving about 127 acres on the point; land questions that had disturbed social and political life throughout this portion of the State for nearly half a century. In 1842 Athens was described as a very pleasant and promising village, and, as a business place, one of the most important in northern Pennsylvania. " It is on the isthmus Avhich extends across the point of junction between the Tioga and Susquehanna rivers, and about t\vo miles above the junction ; " and, Avith this brief notice of the place, the visitor proceeds to say : "Above and below the town the land widens out into meadows of surprising fertility. The long main street of the village runs lengthwise of the isthmus, and is adorned by delightful residences and shade trees and shrubbery. There is an academy here, a substantial bridge over each of the rivers ; that over the Susquehanna has been recently built ; that over the Tioga was built in 1820. Pop ulation, 435." The marked eras in the place were the first mails carried on foot from Wilkes-Barre to this place ; then the weekly coach mails, the canal, and, finally, the railroad. The small stores of Hollenback, David Alexander and Hepburn HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 417 had in a way met the trading wants of the people, but when Mr. Welles came he brought the first real store, for that day a large ven ture indeed, containing no less than $11,000 worth of goods, and he and his partner, Canton, occupied the building nearly opposite the " Irvine Hotel." After the store was abandoned the building was made a dwelling by Judge Herrick, in 1813. From the time of its first discovery, thoughtful men regarded Athens as in many respects a favored point, and believed in its destiny. especially as a great future manufacturing and shipping point. It had long been the Indian's "door" between the north and the south, and the white man could also see that it was " the center," and he dreamed of a time when it Avould reach out its long arms of commerce that would be backed by great factories, supplying a needy av orld. They built for home supply the first saw and grist mills — the enterprise of such men as Prince Bryant and John Shepard, and Shepard's old stone mill stands to-day on Cayuta creek, near where he first built one of the finest mills in the country, with all the latest improvements, with a magnificent water power; and viewing this mill and ground, on the beautiful stream and the romantic spot, one can almost fancy that the shades of the men who came here one hundred years ago and selected this place might yet be seen flitting about these leafy bowers. As an evidence of the supreme importance to the people the mill of John Shepard was, it . may be mentioned that it was burned in 1798, and the people voluntarily met and by volunteer labor mostly rebuilt it in six weeks, and over this there was joy in every cabin for many miles about. Shades of the great departed !' The writer was an eye-wit ness to the burning of the old " Exchange " tavern, mentioned above. It was one of the never-to-be-forgotten resorts of northern Pennsyl vania, built in 1830 by William Briggs, who kept it several years, and about 1840 Avas succeeded by S. & G. Park, Avho had it enlarged and finished, the third story and veranda being added; then kept by Olm- stead & Burchard, Hon. G. W. Kinney, Jacob Ercanbrack, Sloan Jor dan, A. J. Noble and J. S. Patterson, and when burned, by Mr. Phelps. In the old stage-coach days this was a famous "stand." Fat barns, stage horses, and those great whips — " Old Sam Wellers" all of them, and the old Concord coaches, Avere in the royal court yard — the long whips of the drivers and the stage horses' " ra-ra-ra-ta-ta-ta-tat ! " were the signals for the jaded horses to prance and pretend to plunge, and the people to rush to the front to see the great arrival — the school children, and many of their grandparents, gave open-mouthed, daily attendance on these events. The g-re-a-t man of the long, slim whip and horse is gone — faded aAvay as though drowned by the roar and scream of the locomotive Avhistle,andtheold "Exchange" was his fitting memorial, with its older sign that swung in front with its highly colored " Coach and Four" rampant. " Mine Host" inside, usually in his shirt sleeves and big, loose carpet slippers, the very impersonation of fat larder and the yet fatter feather beds and snow-white linen in rows in the great one room above the entrance floor. His hearty, cheery, welcome to the neAvly-arrived guests, and the delicate offer of a little " suthin' " to clear the weary traveler's throat — a SAveet activity that was probably 418 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. just six days less than a week from the distillery near by — Avas freely handed out from the dark corner, and every drop seemed to say and sing, " o'er all the ills of life victorious ! ." On the early morning — 2 o'clock— of February 4, 1891, this good old land-mark passed away in smoke and flame to the horrid midnight melody of the fire-bells. And the next morning the aged Athenians lingered about the smol dering ruins, and many an honest regret escaped their lips — more over the loss of the old sign than of the building. Early in the "fifties," C. F. Welles and Chauncey Shipman built the Iron Works — foundry and iron machinery of all kinds, especially engines. It was situa.ted on the block west of Fitch & King's store. After some time it was changed to the " Agricultural Works," and was operated by Blood & Co. In time it ceased as iron works, and fell into the hands of Charles Clapp who converted it into a shingle factory, and successfully operated it some time, but it Avas eventually burned as mentioned above. D. Alexander built the first distillery on lot 34, now the property of Mr. Maurice. But the ideas of a distillery then and one now are so wide apart as to have hardly the shadow of a semblance. They first made whisky of rye and then of corn — but a still in the Avay of a factory then was not of much more significance than the housewife's spring soap-making, usually in a borrowed kettle — it is said the whisky Avas mostly made to be polite to the preacher in his weekly visits, a kind of sacramental observance, as well as in lieu of his cash salary. The average man of that day Avas far more religious than he is noAV, but he had less prejudices bn some subjects. The first school in the village was in the house of David Alexander, taught by a man named Thompson. The first school-house was built on the old Cross street, near the distillery. It was a general pub lic house for church services, public meetings and school. William Miller and Daniel Moore, in the latter part of the other century, started the first ferry at Athens. It is said that the first house built yi Avhat is now Athens wa.s in 1783, by Andreas Budd, on lot 34. In 1814, Michael R. Thorp improved his property, and in time sold to Judge Herrick. At the time this was the finest improvement in the county. Among the earliest practicing physicians was Dr. Amos Frentiss who opened shop in 1797, near old Milltown ; he built a room for a drug store and kept it as such several years. He taught the first school in the first school-house built near MilltoAvn burying ground ; the succeeding teachers were Amos Franklin and then Daniel Satterlee. Francis Sneckenberger, with an Irish wife, camein 1799, and located on lot 28. Thomas Wilcox, in 1800, and located near the State line and sixtieth milestone. The old Simon Spalding place is now the possession of Minier, Morley, Griffin, Lane and Green. Joshua R. Giddings was born on Queen Esther's field, now George Page's farm. In the year 1800 Stephen Tuttle came and opened a small store in Hollenback's block-house. George Welles, in 1799, built on the Avest side of Main street on lots 8 and 9. Elisha Satterlee owned a tAventy-acre tract or lot. The price he paid for it Avas a French crown piece and a bandanna handkerchief, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 419 The first fulling mill was built in 1808 by John Shepard and Josiah Crocker. This was a great improvement for the good of the people Avho came here to mill or to the Avoolen mill for many miles through the trackless woods, and at first on foot because there were no paths even a horse could follow. One man, toward the southwest corner of the county, went to mill at Athens on foot, was lost three days and nearly perished. A postoffice was established in 1803 at Athens, and William Pren tiss was the first postmaster. The present incumbent is E. W. Davis, Avith J. Henry Price, assistant, and Miss N. A. Doran, money clerk. Joseph Buonaparte came down the river, and it is said was a guest at Hepburn's first log taven kept in the place. Stephen C. Foster, Avho will live in memory while the sweet and simple songs of " Old Dog Tray," " Suwanee River," "Nelly Bly" and others of his carols Avill ever continue to be sung by lovers of simple melody, was a school boy in Athens, attending the old academy. He, when a lad, would play his flute and compose music, and while here he wrote the "Tioga March." His brother was one of the superintendents in the construc tion of the canal. First National Bank. — This was organized and opened its doors to the public for the transaction of business in 1865. Capital $100,000. First officers were : H. W. Patrick, president, and E. A. Spalding, cashier. Mr. Spalding continued in the office until his death in 1867, when the present officers, N. C. Harris, president, and C. T. Hull, cashier, took charge. Mr. Hull was elected treasurer of Bradford county in 1890, and in assuming his official duties he Avas succeeded in the bank by his assistant cashier, F. K. Harris. The men in control have, from the first, given unlimited public confidence in the institu tion, and its business and credit, at home and abroad, are A 1. Its recent statement shows : Capital $100,000 ; surplus $50,000 ; deposits $175,000 ; discounts $240,000 ; undivided profits $5,000. Union Bridge Company. — In the way of a small beginning these important works, among the most important now in northern Penn sylvania, came into existence in 1869, under the direction of Charles Kellogg. Was a small affair at first, and three men could easily do all the Avork, but it was a growing plant. Mr. Kellogg continued his operations until 1872, when C. S. Maurice became a partner, and a strong company (unlimited) was formed, including these two gentle men, L. O. Clark and the members of the present company, who are as follows: C. S. Maurice, C. McDonald, George S. Field and Edmund Haynes. The increased company was formed March 4, 1884, continued three years, and expired March 4, 1887, Avhen Kellogg and Clark sold to the present company. All the realty of the works belong to Maurice and Macdonald, as well as all the old machinery ; but the Union Bridge Company own all that has been added as new machinery, etc. A portion of the plant is on leased ground. While among the largest works of the kind, it is always prosperous — occupying about fourteen acres, and employing about five hundred hands, averaging the year round 475 employes. The monthly pay-role is over $17,000 in the Athens shops alone, and not including their great works in build- 420 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ing or constructing at distant points, the material for Avhich is the out put of the Athens shops, which averages yearly about 15,000 tons. Their construction of great iron works extends nearly all over the civil ized world. Among others of their building we note the Kentucky and Indiana bridge at Louisville, the great Eads bridge, St. Louis, the Hawkesbury river bridge, New South Wales, the Poughkeepsie bridge, the Illinois Central Railroad bridge, Cairo, 111., the Merchants' bridge, St. Louis, the Winona bridge, across the Mississippi at Winona, and are now constructing a bridge across the Mississippi at Memphis, Tenn.; this last Avork alone requiring over 7,000 tons of steel and iron. Schools in Athens are in a most prosperous condition. A new high school building is now occupied, and under the care of Prof. Lin coln E. Rowley ; the public schools of the. place are widely known and considered among the best in the State. The corps of instructors is as follows : Lincoln E. Rowley, principal ; William PI. Kindt, vice- principal ; Marietta Gregg, preceptress. Grammar Department. — Sarah F. Clark, eighth grade ; Honor A. Sheridan, seventh grade. Intermediate Department. — Cora L. Finch, sixth grade ; Augusta M. Park, fifth grade. Primary Department. — Sarah M. Tabor, fourth grade ; Carrie B. Lynch, third grade ; Ida B. Fuller, second grade ; Hattie G. Shepard, first grade. Willow Street Building. — Aronette B. Spear, supervisor, third and fourth grades ; Kalista S. Bitting, first and second grades. The Athens Academical Society Avas the first important educational movement in the county of Bradford. February 11, 1797, a public meeting was called and articles signed looking to the erection of a house of learning, and subscribers to the stock thereof Avere secured, as follows : Noah Murray, Chester Bingham, Joseph Spalding, Levi Thayer, David Alexander, John Shepard, David Paine, Joseph Hitch cock, Elisha Mathewson, Ira Stephens, Elisha Satterlee, Samuel Camp bell, John Spalding, of Ulster; Nathan Bull, Clement Paine, Julius Tozer, Jonathan Harris, Joseph Furlane, Daniel Satterlee, Simon Spalding, of Ulster; Thomas OA'erton, John Jenkins, of Exeter; George IVelles, John Franklin, Wanton Rice and Stephen Hopkins. The little old yellowed book containing these original signatures is a valuable and precious relic. It was recently gathered from the old Avaste papers that were to feed the flames, by Joseph Hines, of Athens. Here is the sign-manual of nearly every one of the men who were the leading spirits of the times that tried men's souls, in this land of great events before any of us noAV living Avere born. These great men in the midst of the transcendent events in which they lived, thought of us, and for us were laying the foundations for a splendid civilization. Let us not prove to be degenerate sons of noble sires. Thursday, March 2, 1797, the stock subscribers had another meet ing, and their first act Avas the adoption ofthe name "The Athens Academical Society," and resolved to establish "a seminary of learn ing," at Tioga Point (or Athens), and also to petition the Legislature for an act of incorporation, and to ask the Susquehanna Company for a grant of land for the same, and as soon as the buildings were up to secure a person of " literary abilities and exemplary character to be ¦'¦,:¦. M |»^ /£ / (/tyf#^£ ^ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 423 principal instructor." Joseph Hitchcock was appointed building in spector, and Chester Bingham, David Paine, Noah Murray, John Shep ard, Ira Stevens, David Alexander and John Spalding were appointed a committee to select a location for the building. Of this meeting Noah Murra3T was president, and Clement Paine, secretaiy. At a future meeting the committee reported that the lot of land adjoining lot No. 26 had been selected. This was on the "public lot." The building was inclosed but not completed in 1805, it seems, and the records show that in 1808 a motion was made to advertise the building for sale ; but at a meeting at E. and D. Paine's store, July 1, 1808, this order Avas rescinded, and it Avas resolved to repair the building. Clement Paine advanced $140 to repair the building, and the trustees acknoAvledged that as a lien on the same. June 21, 1811, the proprietors of the Academy transferred to the Freemasons' Lodge No. 70, all their right and title " to the upper room," for which they Avere to pay $80 in five annual payments. February 27, 1813, Hon. Henry Welles, member of the Legislature from this county, secured the passage of an act to incorporate the "Athens Academy," Avith nine trustees: Clement Paine, George Welles, John Franklin, Julius Tozer, Stephen Hopkins, David Paine, John Saltmarsh, John Shepard and Abner Murray, and a fund of $2,000 was donated by the State, the interest thereon to go to the AcademAr ; the Academy to school four poor children, two yeare each, gratis. After many preliminaries in searching for a teacher, April 25, 1814, Sylvanus Guernsey, of Philadelphia, opened the Academy — salary $500 a year — the price of instruction was fixed at $2.50 per quarter, each pupil to furnish his share of fuel. It took all kinds of cutting and twisting to pay the "preceptor" his year's salary. The next year, 1S15, it seems from the records there Avas a neAV " preceptor," Mr. Tal- madge. This significant entry appeal's: "Reading, $2.00; writing, $2.50; arithmetic, $3.00; English grammar, $4,00; higher branches, mathematics, languages, etc., $6.00." The building was noAv ordered "lathed and plaistered." Mr. Brush was recommended to take charge of the school the next quarter. After a few days' trial he quit. Mr. Wellington, a graduate of Dart mouth, took charge of the school in the fall of 1S16. Robert McKee was teaching the common school in the building. Miss Chubbuck was "preceptress." February, 1820, it was resolved to invest the 82,000 Academy fund in the Toll-bridge Company (a bridge over Tioga river). In 1822 Mr. Z. Butler was invited and accepted the position of preceptor of the Academy. The next year James Williamson became principal. April 19, 1S24, David Paine resigned all official connection with the Academy ; he had served ten years as secretary without pay. In March, 1839, C. A. Baldwin was chosen principal at a salary of $600 per year, and Miss Pierce as assistant teacher. In 1S43 J. G. Merchant retired from the position of principal. F. B. Hendricks was employed to teach in 1844, at a salary of $450. At a meeting of the trastees in May, 1853, the position of principal was offered to Jonas French, and ttie teacher in the lower room was Miss Mary Parry, Mr, 424 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. French continued in charge until 1856, when John S. Hopkins was employed. For the school year 1859-60 Theron K. Bixby was employed as principal. In 1862 Miss C. S. Eglin and Sarah W. Perkins Avere teachers. Miss Eglin died that year, and the school was closed June 4., J. M. Ely Avas employed to finish the term; he was dismissed from the school April 21, 1865. The next year there was a move to reinstate Mr. Ely, Avhich called out a vigorous remonstrance from many leading citizens. It seems Ely determined he would not be dismissed, and took and kept forcible possession of the school. The trustees commenced suit against him as trespasser. An amended act was passed in 1866, providing for nine trustees. In 1867 Mr. Loutrel Avas principal, and unpleasant rumors concerning him were spread abroad, whereupon the trustees appointed Messrs. Thurston, Elsbree and Herrick a committee "to' investigate the conduct and moral char acter of Mr. Loutrel, both in and out of school." At the next meeting the committee reported and the teacher resigned. In January, 1868, there was no principal, and Miss Mary Merrill was allowed to teach a three months' school. Col. Mullock was employed as principal, and Mrs. S. J. Gibson Avas allowed to teach a select school in the building. The minutes of the trustees at this meeting, March 1, 1872, recite as follows: " Talked over the matter of a graded school, and requested Mr. Reeves to look up some laws in regard to it." March 18, 1873, it was voted to " give the use of the Academy to the school directors until the Avinter term." April 14, following, it was resolved to transfer the Academy and all its interests, funds, etc., to the school directors of Athens borough, for the purpose of making the same into a graded school, and to have and hold the same as long as used for school pur poses. And this was the end of the "Athens Academical Society," the alma mater of many of the most prominent men and women of Tioga Point. It served its day and purpose, and there are now many of its once pupils scattered over the face of the earth that will turn to this chapter of Athens history, and linger along its pages of blessed memories to them. The old Academy, great is the pity, was burned to the ground in 1842, and the little old building that was so long a public-school build ing, but now stands empty, was erected in 1843. Bright, ambitious boys, and blooming and beautiful girls of fifty — of nearly a hundred — years ago,' have measured themselves Avith a selfish world and passed away forever— a hundred years, pitiless in its changes for them, so hopeful for the youth of to-day, and the same ceaseless grind of fate awaits us all — the most hopeful and despairing alike — "death levels all." Athens Foundry and Machine Shop. — This was established in the early " forties " by Chauncey Shipman,' M. Thompson and John Kucher ; was situated on Main street, where is now Fitch & Kinney's store. An account of the burning of the old building is given previouslv. It Avas rebuilt by Blood & Co.. Avho made it an agricultural implement factory, and was opened as such in 1878. This firm ran it about fif teen years and failed. The present foundry and machine shop is the successor of the original, wag built on Harris street, back of the Pres* HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 425 byterian church, in 1890, by the proprietors, Shipman & Thompson. It is quite an extensive and prosperous concern ; output about $15,000 annually, and consists of foundry and machine shop, pattern room, engine and boiler room, with thirty horse-power engine, average of ten employes. The concern had a large Avoodwork department, which Avas burned in February, 1890, and now works iron exclusively ; has four lathes, two planers and three drills. Sheridan's Iron Works. — Built by Robert E. Sheridan in 1890, on Elmira street near the railroad track ; building 24x70, with ten horse power engine, a No. 5 Sturdevant handling poAver, drill, and all modern improvements ; a well-fitted jobbing foundry. Athens Furniture Company. — E. G. Fitch & Co., the "Co." being F. K. Harris. This is a fine plant, and one of the prosperous indus tries of the county. Its construction Avas commenced in 1884 — orig inally two large tAvo-story brick buildings, to which was added on the north an "L" in 1887. The main building is 56x125, and the north addition is 109x49 — all two stories. A one-story boiler-room 20x32, and another 12x32 ; a shaving room 14x16, and a dry-kiln with capa city of 65,000 ; 115 horse-poAver engine, and the other eighty horse- poAver. Annual output $100,000 ; 100 employes; a weekly pay-roll of about $3,000, and a main and side-track. Mattress Factory. — Proprietors, Stimson (L. F.) & Ellsbree (F. P.) ; was established in 1888 ; is situated south of the furniture factory, on west side of the railroad ; a Avooden building 230x60, and two stories ; fully equipped for the business in every respect, and gives employment to an average of fifteen hands. Athens Car and Coach Company. — A joint-stock company, organ ized in April, 1889; capital stock, $20,000, subscribed for altogether by citizens of Athens. Officers: Charles Kellogg, president ; Joseph Harris, vice-president ; Edward Mills, secretary; James L. Dyer, super intendent, and M. P.. Murray, treasurer. Manufacture all kinds of omnibuses, coaches, drays, herdics, milk and delivery wagons ; twenty- five employes, output $40,000 annually, and supply goods to all parts of North America and South America. Occupy six two-story build ings : 130x125, 95x40, 75x125, and rent the second story of an adjoining building that is 30 x90. Have a fifteen horse-poAver engine, and all the shops are equipped Avith the latest and best machinery. Planing Mill. — Campbell Bros.; was started, in the spring of 1887, as a saw and planing mill by these gentlemen, who sold the next spring, and bought it back in the spring of 1890. The mill building is 34 x 50 ; engine house, 16 x 30 ; shingle mill, 18 x 20. These gentle men noAV have their sawmill at Barkley, that is supplied with a sev enty-five horse-power engine. The capacity is 20,000 to 30,000 feet per day. Flexible File Factory. — Proprietors, Sweet & Primrose. This industry was started in Athens in May, 1890. First one machine Avas equipped and put to work. It is the only manufactory of the kind in the Avorld to-day, and the world's supply of these goods must be had here. At present the goods are handled by a Philadelphia house. The little machine can cut $2,0Q0 worth of files e^ch month, The. 426 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. secret is in the process of tempering, which was the discovery of Mr. Sweet in 1889. In the factory is a large machine for making the ordinary files for jewelers and machinists. These are represented to be the hardest files made, and will readily cut tempered steel. Of the flexible files there are six sizes of dental instruments. Considering that this important industry — the imTention in tempering steel, by E. Sweet — has but just been commenced, a most important future out come is looked for. Smull's Tannery. — For many years one of the leading industries of the county, because of the inexhaustible supply of hemlock, has been tanning, and every year the industry still grows. While this factory is not in the corporate limits of the borough, yet being on the opposite bank of the Chemung river, it may well be rated a part of the com mon town industrial plants. This Avas commenced in 1870 by Under bill & Maurice, who operated it about one year, and Charles E. Maurice became sole owner, and then it passed to Underhill & Noble, and in 1876 Thomas L. Smull purchased the plant, and has operated it since. The annual output is 1,250,000 pounds of leather, principally shipped to the English market ; the raw hides are purchased and shipped from all parts of the Western World. The covering is 750 feet long, and is filled with the best machinery and appliances for carrying on the work. About fifty men are employed. Butter Package Factory. — F. T. Page and R. D. and H. C. Van- Duzer, proprietors, is situated in East Waverly, and was put up in 1880. They make a general assortment of baskets for all purposes. Morley's Gristmill Avas burned, rebuilt, enlarged and fitted Avith all modern improvements. Athens in 1861. — From some of the clearest-headed of the Athen ians who were here, the folloAving birds-eye view of the place in 1861 is obtained: In the central part of the business (or Main)street were the gro cery and provision store of Charles Comstock ; G. A. Perkins, druggist ; Harris & Saltmarsh ; Page & Bristol (Bristol retired and Welles took his place); John Jones, tailor ; Edward Averill, grocer ; C. Park & Son, general merchandise; Michael Welsh, liquors; Horace Conner grocer; Page & Ackerman, hardware, and three very fair hotels — " Exchange " by Col. Sloan, "Athens' Hotel," by J. M. Pike, and where is now the " Stimson House" Avas Thomas R. Davis' hotel. Of the present hotels, the "Stimson House'Vas built in 1882, by Stimson, Harris & Ellsbree, and when opened was kept by Mr. Stim son ; then by Sherman & Middaugh ; then by Curtis, then by Mehan, then, in the spring of 1891, by Daggett, and in the summer of that year it was sold to its present proprietors, D. D. DePue and Lew Morris. A summary of the present industrial and commercial life of Ath ens is as follows ; First National Bank ; iron, wood and tanning industries above enumerated; five book and stationery dealers; eio-ht boot and shoe stores and makers ; three blacksmiths ; soda bottling ; one brick yard ; two house movers ; one carpet dealer ; four carriage factories ; twenty carpenters ; one cigar factory ; four clothiers ; one bridge works ; one coach factory ; three coal dealers ; four confection- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 427 ers ; four crockery dealers ; three civil engineers ; four dry goods ; four drugs ; tAvo express ; one feed mill ; one florist ; three fruit dealers ; one grain elevator; ten grocers; two harness makers; two hardware stores ; one herdic line ; two hotels ; two ice dealers ; three insurance firms ; two jeAvelry houses ; two printing offices ; one laundry ; three livery stables ; four lumber yards ; two market gardeners ; ten masons ; four meat markets ; four merchant tailors ; one millwright ; four milliners ; one music store ; one news stand ; one opera house ; two photographers; tAvo planing mills; two real estate firms; one sawmill ; one mattress factory ; one tannery ; two telegraph com panies; one undertaker; one furniture factory; one furniture dealer ; seven physicians ; eight lawyers. The churches and schools will be found in their appropriate chapters. The census returns of 1890 show a greater increase in population in Athens than any of the old boroughs in the count}'. Total popula tion, in 1890, Avas 3,229, an increase over 1880 of 1,637. New addi tions have been laid off, and the lots have commanded ready sales at a constant increase in price. The number of new buildings going up, and the wide expanse of new roofs greet the eye on every hand in riding from Athens to South Waverly through Sayre. Tioga Point Cemetery — Ten acres were donated by Chas. F. Welles in 1871, and ten more acres Avere afterward bought. The offi cers are : A. C. Elsbree, president ; J. A. Bristol, secretary. Trustees, N. C. Harris, D. F. Park, Alex. Elsbree, F. T. Page, J. L. Corbin, E. N. Merritt and F. A. Allen. Tioga on The Whisky Insurrection. — We learn from the " Penn sylvania Archives" that the good people of the Point, even in the midst of,all their other cares and troubles, were considerate patriots, and ready to express themselves in no uncertain terms on the Whisky Insurrection of 1794. On October 3 of that year a meeting Avas con vened in Athens to consider the disturbance in the four western coun ties of the State, and the measures then pursued by the Government against them. Gen. Spalding presided at the meeting, and Obadiah Gore was clerk. Matters were fully discussed, and the sense of the meeting was taken by vote. The resolve was to stand firmly by the Constitution ; that the act laying an excise tax on whisky was consti tutional, and that it Avas the duty of all good citizens to maintain the law and authority of the Government. The meeting condemned all violent measures on the part of those opposed to the law in the west ern part of the State, and finally by vote announced their readiness (if required) " to turn out personally " to maintain and " support that free Government under which Ave live." SAYRE BOROUGH. Howard Elmer determined to divide between Waverly and Athens the benefits that would arise in making the junction of the branch roads that converge at this place. Waverly was at one time the north ern terminal of the Lehigh Yalley Railroad, and the building of the branch road was the beginning of Sayre. In May, 1870, Charles Anthony, Howard Elmer and James Fritcher purchased the plains between Waverly and Athens, between the two rivers. This purchase 428 HISTORY" OF BRADFORD COUNTY. included the Morley, Hopkins and W. H. Thomas farms — 321 acres — and they proposed to build a town upon these farm lands. All that was done that year was to simply cut out the timber growth of what is now Keystone avenue, and this neAV broad highway materially shortened the distance between Athens and Waverly, making it three miles. In May, 1871, the same parties purchased the Leggett, Harris, Obenshire and portions of the Hayden and H. Thomas lands — 417 acres — embracing what is noAv the junction of the Lehigh Valley, the Geneva, Ithaca & Southern Railroads. In the aggregate, their purchases included 738 acres. The same year the Pennsylvania & NeAV York Company purchased eighty-fiA'e acres of this tract, where is now the depot, junction and shops, and soon after built an elegant passenger depot ; the transfer of passengers Avas moved up from Athens in 1863, and the new station was named "Sayre," in honor, of Robert H. Sayre, president of the Pennsylvania & NeAV York Railroad. In July of the same year a round-house was built and occupied. The town was laid out and platted, and the proprietors had expended large sums in opening, grading and making good streets, and also in putting up many substantial buildings. A postoffice was established in 1874. In September, 1878, a beginning Avas made in building the small repair shops that have so rapidly expanded to their present proportions. The vast shops and railroad buildings at Sayre were the small concerns at Waverly that were moved down in 1871, and but little added to until 1881. The first shops were completed in 1881. At present the area occupied by the railroad buildings is nine and four- tenths a.cres. The round-house is 273 feet in diameter, has 32 stalls ; there are twenty railroad tracks in the yard, and seven tracks extend to Waverly. Five hundred men are employed in the shops. The main machine shop is 275x125 ; car shop, 204x140 ; blacksmith shop, 200x70; locomotive shop, 160x60; foundry and carpenter shop, 160x60; paint and tin shop, 160x60 (two stories). Roster of rail road officials at the Sayre offices and shops, connected with the Lehigh Valley Railroad: Gen. Supt. Northern Division, William Stevenson ; Asst. Supt. W. A. Stevenson ; chief clerk, J. W. Bishop ; assistant clerk, R. M. Hovey ; assistant general freight agent, Bert Hayden; his chief clerk, D. St. Clair; train-master, R. M. Badger; assistant general car agent, F. J. Krom ; master mechanic, J. N. Weaver. In the shops : C. H. Welch, general foreman ; D. K. Hamilton, chief clerk power department ; W. H. Flory, foreman in erecting department ; H. Weidow, foreman machinery shop ; Aaron Hamm, foreman blacksmith shop ; James Pritchard, foreman in boiler department; John Thompson, foreman in carpenter shop ; George W. Lentz, foreman in foundry; George Kear, foreman in pattern shop; C. C. Wood, paint shop ; A. Strauss, foreman, and Charles H. Strauss, assistant in car department. Sayre Arbor Association Avas organized in 1879, and planted over one thousand' trees the first year, 800 the next, and, continuing, are beautifying the place with ornamental trees. Robert A. Pack built his fine residence, in Sayre, in 1875-76. He was president of the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 429 Pennsylvania & NeAV York Railroad. He died, February 20, 1883. His splendid residence and tAventy acres of ground became the property of Mary Packard Cummings, and by her donated to the Packer Asso ciation, chartered April 30, 1885, and to it was transferred the Packer residence, for a hospital — a noted hospital of northern Pennsylvania. Sayre Water-Works were built in 1886; near the river is the reservoir into which is pumped the river water. The pipes extend to WaArerly and Athens, and supply both these places, having fourteen miles of pipes. Sayre Fire Board. — Chief, John R. Murray ; assistant, James Brown. R. A. Packer Hose Company — President, Patrick McNeirny; foreman, John Hammond ; secretary, Fred Cole ; forty-five members. The Wilbur Hook and Ladder Company — First officers : President, C. C. Wood ; foreman, Arch. Williams ; assistant, Ed. Smith ; secre tary, Henry Colt — thirty-two members. In 1879 Sayre became division headquarters for the railroad, and Avas soon one of the most important railroad points between Wilkes- Barre and Elmira, and is now, in this respect, rapidly developing. The toAvn has had recently a phenomenal growth in population and wealth, Avhich is not a " boom " but a healthy, consistent increase that bids fair to continue many years. The census of Bradford county, in 1890, shows a slight increase in population over 1880, solely because of the increase in Athens and Sayre, otherwise the decrease in population would have run into four figures. The people the last decade have been " going West," still lured by the fairy tales told by land specu lators and town boomers. Sayre was incorporated February 1, 1891 ; including a territory two and a-half miles in length, from north to south, and making the three boroughs — Athens, Sayre and Waverly — a continuous toAvn or borough from the south line of Athens to the State line. The first officers of Sayre, elected in 1891, Avere: James N. Weaver, burgess; J. C. Horton, clerk; A. Strauss, treasurer; Joseph Wheelock, street commissioner ; R. Mercur, attorney ; N. F. Walker, engineer ; Charles Codett, chief of police. Council : J. N. Weaver, W. H. Flory, L. Eighmey, D. A. Utter, George M. Peters, G. A. Kennedy, A. Zeeler. The Cayuta Wheel and Foundry Company. — President, Howard Elmer; treasurer, F. E. Lyford ; superintendent, M. C. Chapman. A joint-stock company; capital $75,000; organized 1871, and buildings erected on eight acres of ground donated by the Sayre Land Com pany, the pioneer factory to locate in Sayre. In 1881 bought the axle Avorks, and consolidated the two adjoining factories. They turn out 200 Avheels (railroad) a day, and employ seventy men. Have five buildings, steam-power in three buildings, equal 120 horse-power. One of the important industries in the county. In 1876, the time the place began to grow in earnest, there were six business houses and a hotel, kept by Samuel Briggs, on the east side. This house was burned in 1877. There were four merchants and of these Charles Wheelock kept the principal store ; three of the stores were east of the track. Mr. Ross had a planing mill ; just north of where is now the postoffice was a hardware store. The first 430 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. postmaster (in 1874) was H. G.. Spalding. The appointee (1889), Sid ney Hayden, died in oflice in March, 1890, and Isaac M. Burk became acting postmaster ; then was appointed, and is the present incumbent. The population in 1880 was 700, and at this time (1891) is 3,200. The present " Wilbur Hotel " was the first large first-class hotel in the place, was first called the " Packer House," and was built with the first railroad improvements of the place. It Avas named eventually for Mr. Wilbur, whose Avife Avas a Miss Packer. The finest building in the place is the Eighmey opera-house, built-in 1882-83. The auditorium is 51x80. The place is supplied with gas from the Waverly works. The celebrated Robert Packer Hospital was built as the Packer residence in 1879-80, and after Mr. Packer's death, it became the property of his sister, who donated the grounds and building for a hospital, chiefly for railroad employes, but is free to all, without regard to nationality or religious creed. It is one of the most inviting homes for the unfor tunates in northern Pennsylvania. The resident physician and sur geon is Franklin M. Stephens, M. D,; executive committee: William Stevenson, E. P. Wilbur, J. W. Bishop, Howard Elmer, C. S. Maurice, Bert Hayden, Rev. John Costello, Dr. W. E. Johnson, James W. Weaver ; secretary, R. M. Hovey; treasurer, Joseph W. Bishop. The report of the treasurer for 1890 shows that $5,841.73 Avere disbursed ; receipts $7,009.17. In 1890-91 there were 123 house-patients, and 643 dispensary cases treated. The hospital is now in the sixth year of active existence, and is in a most prosperous condition, a steady advance from year to year in the good work being one of its marked features. Sayre Water- Works furnish Athens with water, and have abundant capacity to supply any future increased wants. Sayre Schools are deservedly very popular, and neAV buildings are being erected to meet the growing demand upon their accommodations. They have an enrollment of over 800, and have fourteen regular teachers and one supply. The folloAving are the names of the officers and teachers: Board of Directors: L. M. Morton, R. B. Stevens, W. H. Flory, A. McVaugh, Lewis Eighmey, Charles Bowman. Board of Instructors: High School: C. P. Garrison, principal of schools; Mary E. McCarty, assistant; Candace Brown, assistant; Annie Flynn, intermediate department; Lizzie Presher, secondary department ; Villie Mercereau, primary department. Plains School : Emma L. Bush, secondary department; Lena McCarty, primary department. Elmer Avenue School: Ida D. Bedford, secondary department ; Ida L. Stevens, primary department. East Side School : Lida Hornet, secondary department ; Louise A. Brooks, primary department. Milltown School: Miss Knight, secretary; Miss Styres, principal. They have an enrollment of over 800, and have fourteen regular teachers and one supply. SOUTH WAVERLY BOROUGH. This is to some extent the outgrowth of what was, " Factory- ville," so called because here John Shepard and others built saAV and grist mills, fulling mills, and others put up different industries along HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 431 Caj uta creek. But more properly of to-day, South Waverly is simply Waverly, N. Y., where it has groAvn south of the State line, and is of necessity organized under Pennsylvania law. The State line is not even a street, and in many places runs through houses, even without regard to partition walls in the same. The borough of South Waverly was incorporated in 1878 ; the boundary limits being defined as follows : Beginning at a point on Wilcox street at the crossing of the State line along the center of that street, thence southerly to the junction of Bradford street, thence along the center of Bradford street to the junction of Keystone avenue, thence to the south line of the borough. First officers : John Thomp son, burgess ; council, Willis Howard, William Dunham, John J. Pal mer, G. W Smith, Fred Bachle, John Mahoney and Charles C. Tozer, secretary. 1879: Fred Bachle, burgess; council, John Mahoney, Patrick Falsey, James McArdle, Willis Howard, Jeremiah Cleary, Ephraim Dubois. 1880 : Alvin Strauss, burgess ; council, E. E. Du bois, John Mahoney, George Blizard, John H. Murray, Thomas Warren, Lee Northrup. 1881: T. Hireen, burgess; council, Lee Northrup, John Lawn, Thomas Warren, James McArdle, Sr., Alexander Zolto- wiski. 1882 : George Barnes, burgess ; council, Lee Northrup, D. L. Clark, S. D. Barnum, Michael McCarthy, John Post, J. W. Storms. 1883 : Same. 1884 : S. D. Barnum, burgess ; council, John W. Post, Lee Northrup, Lawrence Curry, D. L. F. Clark, J. W. Storms. 1885 : W. H. Plumb, burgess ; council, D. L. F. Clark, John M. Post, Lee Northrup, J. W. Storms, Griscomb Hay. 1886: John E. Faulkner, burgess; council, JohnM. Post, Lee Northrup, Griscomb Hay, J. W. Storms, Thomas J. Moore, Lawrence Curry. 1887 : Same. 1888 : J. H. Murray, burgess ; council, J. M. Post, William T. Clark, Thomas Moore, Lawrence Curry, Jr., John Boyce, James Glynn. 1889 : Murray re-elected ; council, T. J. Moore. J. P. Glynn, John Boyce, E. House, William T. Clark. 1890 : Lee Northrup, burgess ; counoil : T. J. Moore, J. P. Glynn, John Royce, E. House, Sid Matterson, David Hand. 1891 : P. R. Ackley, burgess. The borough is supplied with gas and electric light ; has free postal delivery, and of course the largest portion of the business is in the main town across the line ; no saloon license in the place ; two hotels and one grocery store. The Erie Railroad runs only about ten rods north of the State line. Two Herdic street-lines are constantly run from Waverly to Athens, passing through Sayre. The population of South Waverly is 1,288, being an increase over that of 1880 of 434. 432 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. CHAPTER XXVIII. BARCLAY TOWNSHIP. GEOGRAPHICALLY, the toAvnship of Barclay is situated between the townships of Franklin on the north, Le Roy on the west, and the Schraeder branch of Towanda creek, which separates it from Over ton on the south, and whatever of eastern boundary it has is Monroe. Topographically, it ismountainous; theSchraeder branch of the Towanda creek being its only stream of water. Geologically, it is coal-bearing, being essentially and specifically a mining town. Historically, it is a recent organization, being formed from Franklin in 1867. Its entire area is owned by the coal-mining and Barclay Railroad companies, and it is said that it has not within its limits a solitary resident freeholder. Its chief interest lies in its coal mines and their development, which are fully described in the general history of the county. The first settlement, or movement, therefor, in the township Avas made in the fall of 1856, by the Towanda Coal Company. There are at the present time five settlements in the town, the most northern one called Graydon, next South Dublin, Barclay postoffice still further south, Fall Creek a little way east of the postoffice, and a settlement at the foot of the incline of the railroad. Graydon has a school-house and store ; at Barclay there are a post- office, a Presbyterian church, a school-house, stores, the Avorks of the Towanda Coal Company, and freight and engine houses of the Barclay Railroad Company. At Fall Creek there are a school-house and store, and in the settlement at the foot of the incline there is a school-house. Foot of Plane is a station on the Barclay Railroad. Coal was discovered in the Barclay mountains by Edsal Carr, who supposed he had found iron. Jared Leavemvorth was the first black smith to use the coal, which was first brought down the mountain side on sleds. John Fox, father of Miller Fox, hauled the first load to Towanda. CHAPTER XXIX. BURLINGTON TOWNSHIP— BURLINGTON BOROUGH. WHEN first organized Burlington comprised the territory now included in Burlington, West Burlington, Troy, and the greater part of Granville and Canton. The election was held at the house of Ezra Goddard. The first election board were : Noah Wilson, Nathaniel Allen, Mr. Campbell, James McKean, and Mr. Case. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 433 The first bold adventurers that ever came to this part of the county were two men and a boy, in 1790, from Johnny Cake Hollow, on an exploring tour to the Avilds of northwestern Sugar creek — OscoluAva, then known as Juddsburg township, Luzerne county. Their names were Isaac DeWitt, Abraham DeWitt, and the lad Avas James McKean, aged nearly tAventy. They came down the Susquehanna to the mouth of Sugar creek, and up that to the Indian quarters of the noted Tomjack, on the south side of the creek, near where is now Burlington borough. From this Indian comes the name of Tomjack creek, that runs nearly through the village. Here these explorers made a stopping, and examined the country around. They then proceeded up the creek to near East Troy, or D. W. Allen's farm. This Avas as far up the stream as they traveled. Retracing their steps they selected their future homes. Isaac DeWitt chose his land near West Burlington, after- Avard the O. P. Ballard place. Abraham DeWitt chose what was the J. B. Pratt and Thomas Blackwell farms ; and McKean selected that which Avas always knoAvn as " The McKean Farm," but in modern times owned by B. H. Taylor. These men built a hut on McKean's selection, and here wa.s the first white man's clearirtg and working on the waters of Sugar creek. These men bought corn and salt of Tom jack till they raised a crop. After their crop was matured they shut up shop, returned to Johnny Cake Hollow, and took specimens of the fruits of their farming, not forgetting some fine wild grapes and plums. This summer's experience advertised the new country, and there was great excitement in Old and New Sheshequin, and a big force of the leading men organized a sappers' and miners' corps, and commenced to cut out a road from the river to the new settlement. This new road took nearly the direction now followed by the public highway. On April 1, 1791, five families started for this land of milk and honey, from Chemung, including the three pioneers of the previous year, and also William Dobbin and a half-breed, Yoras. The women and children were put on horse-back to come across the country, and the men, with goods on a raft, to go to the mouth of the creek, and there the women were to send the horses, after reaching their destina tion. But neither party could exactly keep the time-card. The women consequently suffered for provisions, and in mortal fear of the wolves and panthers. It was not till the first of May that the raft reached the mouth of the creek, and now they soon were with their families — all in McKean's log cabin. The first night, wiben all were safe together, Mrs. McKean and Mrs. Dobbin resolved to have a prayer meeting to give thanks over the event. This was the first of the kind eArer in the town ship, and it no doubt was as good and effective as any ever held in the six-million-dollar modern cathedral. The next improvement Avas a stump mortar mill with a spring pole to pound out their meal that Avas sifted through a hair sifter ; and now pioneer life was launched in the wilderness. The increase to this settlement that summer were the families of Ward, Campbell, Miller, Dunbar and perhaps a feAv others, all from Connecticut. These people all had implicit faith in the Connecticut 434 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. title to the land. They sent one of their number to Wilkes-Barre and procured from the Susquehanna Company title deeds to their land. They had hardly more than done this when a Pennsylvania agent appeared and informed them that all the land belonged to Pennsyl vania, and their titles were Avorthless, and offering each one who would take 424 acres to sell to them at an English shilling per acre. This the purchasers would not agree to. This was a damper to the new settlement, and the " Pennamite and Yankee war " soon broke out, and blood was shed, and men were ill-treated, tarred and feathered, etc. The next year, however, the Swains, Nichols and Noble families came and made settlements, also the Braffits and Joquas. There Avas dis tress throughout the country, Avhile those vexed land title questions were on foot; and in 1803, when they Avere settled, there still lingered very much of the heartburnings and ill-will. In 1794 there was a good crop, and Mr. Ward, a carpenter, built a mill on Avhat is now Mill creek, near the residence of the late Gen. McKean, a son of the lad McKean who first came; the neighbors all turned out to help build the mill, and it was soon up, but the whole was so rude and imper fect, especially the dam, that the thing Avould not grind when it was completed — and the failure was a wide disappointment. In the spring of 1796 Ezra Goddard and his sons, Luther and Ezra, came. They brought much wealth and money (for those times) Avith them from Connecticut. They set about clearing a large tract of land, and soon built a gristmill and then a sawmill on the site of the Rock- Avell mills in West Burlington. An incident of this time is told that is an index of the people in the early pioneer times. The young folks had met at the cabin of a family that were away from home, and had kissing plays and some say actu ally danced, fiddle or no fiddle. When, they were getting a little tired, some one suggested, partly in sport, that they close with a prayer meeting. No sooner said than it was put in motion, a psalm was sung and one led in prayer, another song and then all fervently kneeled, and in a few moments all were simultaneously praying with intense earnestness. Some one went for " Mother McKean," and on her arrival, she took in the situation ; in a short time she had the whole under deep conviction, and nearly en masse they joined the church. From that extemporized prayer-meeting went out Andrew, an Episcopal Methodist preacher for forty years, who died in the har ness at the extreme age of ninety years. About this time they secured a missionary preacher, named Newman, Avho preached here and at Muncy and Sheshequin. In 1798 a congregation was formed at Bur lington, and Rev. Jacob Gruber was sent as preacher. For some time the settlement got along well enough by referring all disputes to arbitration — a chosen committee — but about the begin ning of the centmy Nathaniel Allen was commissioned a justice of the peace. He then lived on the Philo. Pratt farm, and this was then Lycoming county, and the new township Avas called Burlington, because a number of the settlers had come from Burlington, Vt. At this time came a Connecticut settler named Kendall, all the way on foot, and in his knapsack were some apple-seed and cuttings of the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 435 apple called " Westfield-Seek-No-Further " — tremendous name, but these fine apples are still grown here. He first grafted them in Thomas Blackwell's orchard. Another important arrival Avas Deacon Moses Calkins, blacksmith, of Vermont, and he was much needed ; he plied his trade while his sons cleared aAvay the forests. He finally built a sawmill on Leonard creek where Salisbury mill now is. The "Old Church" was built upon an acre of ground given by McKean, on which was also the graveyard, and to this day it is used for that purpose. This "Old Church" Avas built in the fall of 1794; every body was invited to come to the " raising," and they came and in a few days the building was completed. It was burned in 1799; but rebuilt in better form in 1800 (this Avas hewed logs), and many good people said the fire Avas a good thing,and there ay as great pridei n the new building, as it was ceiled on the inside, and had a pulpit, with a long double desk down the center for the school children. It was, fine as it was, torn doAvn in 1822 to give place to the present building Avhich is used on funeral occasions only. The first person buried in this ground was Robert McDowell, an Irishman ; the next Avas James Mc Kean, Avho had donated the ground. The Pratt families came, in 1796, from Massachusetts ; they were poor but strong and industrious. The wolves and panthers made it unsafe to leave a sheep out in the pen over night, and the most of the women were terrified by day at the numerous snakes that abounded everyAvhere. One day Mrs. Joseph Ballard was carrying a lunch to her husband in the field, and in passing through some tall grass Avas attacked by a black snake. It coiled about her body and tried to thrust its head in her mouth, but finding the food in the basket commenced devouring that ; her screams brought the men, and it Avas killed, still coiled about her person. James McKean, Jr., and Paul DeWitt were hunting and killed a deer, when they heard a fearful human-like screech. They were not fooled, but kneAv it was a panther, and one of them circled and came upon and killed the animal, which measured nine feet in length. In the winter of 1802 a series of prayer-meetings resulted in add ing to the church, among others, two young men, Henry B. Bascom and James Gillmore, who were from New York. Their after-lives became national in the church. The present road from Towanda to Troy was authorized, and an appropriation made therefor in 1804, but no work was done until 1810, and very little then, and it was not finished until 1817; there never was much done on it under State supervision. The pioneers brought but feAV dishes, and these were mostly peAvter. Ezra Goddard, one of the earliest arrivals in Burlington township, when he came brought a slave, a black man named Otho, whom he had owned in his native New England State. This slave was a turner, and he made most of the plates, turned of butternut wood, for the surrounding families for many miles. The people made their own spoons, mostly from clam shells, and a handle made and fitted to the shell from the leg bone of a turkey ; their most difficult want to fill Avas knives, for which they could find no substitute for iron. They had to get along without chairs, Avhich they could readily do ; but Jesse 436 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Marvin came, a chair and windoAv-sash maker, and it Avas a great day in Burlington when he set up his little slow-going foot lathe ; and soon all the more prominent families were the proud possessors of three chairs. About this time came Mr. Ferris, a shoemaker, and settled on the farm owned of late years by Mrs. Lydia Patrick and Jesse Beach. Timothy and Jesse Beach were sons of Mrs. Ferris, by a former husband; they were sturdy, industrious boys, and long before they were groAvn they could swing an axe " like grown men," and at night by the log fire would study their books; while youths they were noted as the best in figures and history in the township, and others often went to them to solve difficult "sums" that were too deep for them — such as telling ho\A" much 37-} bushels at 37-J- cents would " come to." In the fall of 1807, a family named Durand came with a sick child to the house of Mr. Braffit. Dr. Alexander was called in, and at once pronounced it a case of smallpox. The greatest alarm seized the peo ple; they knew nothing of vaccination, and the three physicians in this part of the county Avere in active demand " inoculating " and attending upon the sick and frightened. The Only death, fortunately, was that of the child that first had it. These physicians Avere Alexander, RoAvle and Westcott. In 1813 Dr. Ira Lee came into the county, bringing vac- cine matter, and told the people they should all be vaccinated. But he was an Englishman, and Ave were at war with that country; the people did not like the English, and he Avas suspected of being an emis sary, who, for "British gold," was sent to the country to poison good patriots; and as every man in Burlington knew he was a patriot they rose up as one, and it was by the skin of his teeth that the Esculapian escaped lynching ; he fled the township and afterward settled over in Ulster. One of the first active opposers of the English doctor and his " pizen " was a Dr. Albert Russell, but in a little while the people found out he had duped them, and he had to hunt out new pastures for himself. A disease called the "Cold plague" made its appearance in 1814. A case would commence with great cold and shaking for ten or twelve hours; then a slimy matter of yellowish tinge would exude through the skin from the loins and abdomen, when the ague Avould subside and a lethargy would follow, and the patient would die in about forty hours. It is said that not one in twenty, so seized, recovered; that more men than Avomen were attacked, but none under fifteen years of age of either sex. This dreadful malady disappeared when the cold weather of midwinter came. Dr. Stephen Ballard was esteemed the most successful physician of his day, especially in fevers, scrofula, cancers, etc. Late one June afternoon, in 1806, a queer looking, Quaker-dressed traveler rode into the neighborhood and put up at the house of Mrs. Jane McKean; he immediately announced there would be ameetingin the new church that evening. The appearance of the odd-looking creature helped to fill the house; he was a total stranger in a strange land. , When the people had assembled, he rose brusquely and said: "My name is Lorenzo Dow; my business here is to save souls from Hell; my credentials are these, (producing a Bible), which says ' Go ve HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 437 into all the world and preach the gospel to every creature; he that believeth and is baptized shall be saved, but he that believeth not shall be damned.' " Betsey Hagar was one of the most remarkable Revolutionary char acters that ever came to Burlington. She was born in Boston in 1750, and at nine years of age was left alone in the world to shift for her self. She grew up on a farm, was of a strong muscular frame, and learned to do all rough farm work, as well as being an expert at the loom. When the Revolution broke out she was at work for a man named Leverett, in his blacksmith shop ; he was very ingenious, and he and Betsey were secretly busy fixing the old match-lock guns for the patriots. She would file and grind and scour the work, and fit it as fast as he would turn it out. The two, it should be remembered, were working gratuitously — solely for the cause of freedom. At the battle of Concord the British fled, and left six nice brass cannon, but all spiked. They were taken to Leverett's shop, where he and his helper drilled holes opposite the spikes and then they could punch them out and stop up the hole with a screAv. She worked hard at these cannon six weeks. She also made cartridges, and when her supply of flannel for this purpose gave out, she took off her underclothes and used them. At night, after the battle, she helped care for and nurse the wounded. Thus she helped during the seven years' war. In 1813 she married John Pratt, and they were on a rented farm at the time the " Shay rebellion " broke out, when she said : " John, you go and help kill Shay, and I will look after the crop." John went, and she made a fine crop. Her son was Thomas Pratt. In 1816 the family came to Bur lington township, and settled on the G. A. Johnson farm. Among her other gifts was much knowledge of medicine — the herbs, roots and flowers of the country, and she often ministered to the sick, and was as much respected and " looked up to " as any person in the settle ment. She lived to a green old age, dying in Granville in 1843, aged ninety-three years. In the year 1814 Samuel McKean brought goods from Philadel phia, and opened a store in Burlington — the largest and finest stock then ever brought to this part of the county. He took in pay the only currency of the country — honey, deer skins, maple sugar, furs, flax seed and whiskey. All these went to Philadelphia via the Sus quehanna river down to Chesapeake Bay, and around to the city; Meansville (Towanda) was the port of entry for this part of the county, and on the water were the Durham boats, managed by poles and rudder, and pushed slowly back. The whole people rejoiced Avhen this store Avas opened, and it was crowded all day long. Then commenced the evil system of trading on credit. Persons would buy, much foolishly, and agree to pay the next spring when the sugar crop was gathered. Many of these debts laid over from year to year, until they outgrew all means of payment, and their little farms had to go. Then rye would not pay a store debt, but whisky would, and distil leries sprung up rapidly — they soon far outnumbered the churches and school-houses. Samvd McKean was born in Kishoquoquillas valley, Huntington Co, , 438 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Pa., and came north with his parents when quite young; when sixteen he went with an uncle to Maryland, and there received a good educa tion. He lived with this uncle till the latter died, and he then inher ited a part of his estate, and this was his capital to open the store. In 1816 he was elected to the Legislature, and he was re-elected sev eral times. He went to Philadelphia, a typical backwoodsman from Bradford, and the city members thought to have some fun with him ; he Avas invited to a fashionable dinner, and at the table Avas placed at the head with the carving knife and requested to help the guests "farmer fashion." He gracefully rose, took the carving knife, helped his own plate bountifully and remarked : " Gentlemen, as I have done, so do ye," and sat down. It was all so gracefully done that the " funny fellers " looked at each other with a kind of a " sold " expression on their faces. He was elected to Congress in 1822 from the ten counties composing this district, being one of three members from the ten counties — the other two were George Kramer and Espy Van Horn. He served the district eight years, until it was changed. In 1830, immediately upon his retirement from Congress, he was appointed secretary of the Commonwealth, and served three years. While in this service he urged upon the members to pass a free school law, and drew the bill that was passed. In 1833 he Avas elected to the State Senate and during the term was elected United States Senator ; he served in the National Congress until 1838 when his health gave way, and he was given heaA'y doses of opium to relie\re his neuralgia, and while in a fit of delirium he attempted suicide, inflicting a severe wound on his throat with a razor. He slowly recovered from the wound, but his mind was never right again, and he died in 1840 of softening of the brain. His widow, Mrs. Julia McKean, sister to Judge McDowell, of Elmira, survived him many years, and lived on the Burlington farm. In connection Avith the account of Samuel McKean it is proper to state that in 1811 a mail route was established from Towanda through Burlington and on to the west, and Mr. McKean Avas the first postmaster at Burlington. One Needham rode the pony mail, and had a tin horn Avith which he always announced his approach — an exciting event. In 1806, Ezra Goddard was killed by a falling tree. In 1808, Ephraim Blakesley was trying to put the first saw log on the carriage of his sawmill, when he slipped and the log caught his head against the carriage and killed him instantly. In 1813, Ezra Goddard, Jr., was going up the ladder in his mill from the basement, and being old and clumsy he fell backward, and died in consequence in a few days. John Ballard, Sr., was attempting to drive a dog from his house, and was bit on the lip. It was feared the dog was rabid, but the wound soon cured, and in his old age it appeared as a rose cancer, which resulted in his death. Luther Goddard was killed by the falling chimney of his mill. He was a brother and joint-oAvner with Ezra Goddard. This last happened in 1814. The heirs soon after sold the mill to William Stevens, and his son, Hiram K, became the owner. James McKean,with others, Avas chopping one day, Avhen a bent limb was loosed and flew back, striking him on the head, killing him, He was one of the early , ay- fr/ ^i^ »% "¦* ilLv HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 441 settlers Avho came to seek a home for his father's family. John Pratt was killed in 1827 by the limb of a tree falling and breaking his back. In May, 1829, his brother was chopping in the timber, and cut his foot so severely he had to be carried home ; lockjaw supervened and he died in a few days. Ancient Giants. — Some men in digging a cellar for Gen. McKean came to a rock-enclosed tomb, nine feet below the surface, and over nine feet long by two and a half wide. The soft bones of the skeleton, as it lay, Avere carefully measured by Joseph Williams, of Troy, and it was eight feet and two inches in length. There wTere two of those graves within the space of the cellar, and one was overgrown by a pine tree over three feet in diameter. William McKean, of Troy, made a statement that, in 1841, in cut ting doAvn a noted old dead stump of great size, he found unmistakable marks of some sharp, ax-like instrument near the heart. It was carefully split and examined, and there could be no mistake of the nature of the cuts. He was assisted in the examination by the Rev. Moses Ingalls ; they counted the rings and came to the conclusion that the marks had been made over four hundred years ago ! County Poor Farm is situated about one mile west of Burlington. The land cost $11,500, and the buildings Avere erected thereon in 1880- 81, the cost thereof being $38,500. There are about 175 inmates. The first school-house in Burlington was on Sugar creek, in 1791. Mr. McKean gave an acre of ground for a graveyard and church site, and to this day the old church (not the first) stands on this ground. A road was cut through along the creek from ToAvanda in the winter 1790-91, by Jeremiah Taylor, Mr. Moffat and Benjamin Sax ton. A mail route was established through Burlington from Towanda in 1811, and Samuel McKean was appointed postmaster at Burlington. Luther's Mills is a small settlement at the crossing of the Sugar creek by the Towanda and Troy highway. It contains a saw and grist mill, postoffice, one or two stores, a blacksmith-shop, and a school- house, and a number of pleasant residences. BURLINGTON BOROUGH. The borough of Burlington was established in 1853. It lies on the north bank of the Sugar creek, its western boundary being also that of the township. The Tomjack creek runs through the village from the northeast, taking its rise a short distance north of the northern boundary of the borough, which iucludes in its limits about 'two hun dred and fifty acres. Tomjack's cabin was situated just above the mouth of the creek named in his honor, on the south side of the Sugar creek. The business of the borough is chiefly confined to an edge-tool and hore-srake manufactory, carriage, wagon and sleigh manufactory, cabinet-ware and pumps, cooper, carpenter and blacksmith shops, general stores and drag-store, one hotel, two physicians and surgeons, and a postoffice. There are one good school-house and two churches in the borough. 84 442 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. CHAPTER XXX. CANTON TOWNSHIP— CANTON BOROUGH. THE first settlement made in Avhat is now Canton township was probably in 1794, by Isaac Allen. Zepheniah Rogers made his possession in 1796, on the Hubbell Manley farm, built his floorless log cabin, 14x18, and put up his one-legged bedstead, simply a forked stick driven into the ground, on which Avere poles running to a crack between the Avail logs, and those poles were threaded with bark for bed cord — the magnificent furnishing of many an old-time first cabin. Same year came Ezra Spalding, alone, on a tour of observation ; and, selecting his future home, he stuck down his Jacob-staff on Avhat became the farmed " old Spalding place," and " bached " and worked hard during the summer; then, next season, brought his family. He built a double log house, and opened a tavern in the wilds. To one now-a-days this smacks of the man who, being a little demoralized, wished everybody was dead but himself, and he would then go to Philadelphia and keep a hotel. Spalding found, when he came, Jonas Geers on the Daniel Innes farm, once the Grover farm. Geers left in 1800. Jonathan Prosser was on the C. S. Sellard place — Capt. Calvin Spencer Sellard, whose daughter, Mrs. W. Levitt, resides in Canton borough. Prosser's cabin was near and below the bridge crossing Towanda creek. Same spring a man named Coon came and also settled on the Sellard farm. Ezra Spalding remembered these as the three cabins in Canton Avhen he came in 1796 ; but the same year came Gashum Gillett and stopped on the now Capt. L. D. Landon farm, and his son, Wilkes Gillett, settled on the James Metier place. Zepheniah Rogers, Jr., settled the Lindley farm, and Rogers, Sr., set off, to his son Roswell, the farm on the east side of the creek, owned by the grandson, William. Elisha Knight and George Brown came in 1797. The same year came the Cashes, who improved the Loomis farm. John Newell came in the spring of 1797, and settled on the L. N. Rutty farm; he was an uncle of H. S. Newell, now of Canton, on the farm left him by his father, Oliver Newell ; this farm Avas first settled in 1799 by Orr Scovel, whose house, it is said, Avas the first frame in Canton town ship, Avhich eventually became Squire Bassett's barn. Same year Moses Emmerson settled on the now Ichabod Sellard's farm, and the next spring Daniel Bagley built his cabin on the Enoch Sellard farm. In the spring of 1797 a man named Stratton built a cabin on the flats (now owned by G. W. Griffin), but never occupied it, as he went back to Sugar creek ; but Ebenezer Bixby came that spring, and, finding it empty, took possession and lived there three years. Loban Landon settled on the farm afterward owned by C. P. Spalding and O. B. Grantier, Joel Bodwell came in 1800, and settled the Taber farm ; HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 443 he sold to Abraham Taber, father of Nathan B. Taber.. Taber, a Revolutionary soldier, came in 1802. Nathan B. Taber married Nancy Grantier. In 1797 or 1798 Isaiah Grover built on what is known as the Grif fin farm, owned recently by George Goff; Grover sold to Samuel Griffin in 1800. In 1797 Benjamin Babcock settled the Reuben Loomis farm, and, at the same time, Nathaniel Babcock settled the John Van- Dyke farm, owned more recently by Jacob Beardsley. At that date there was no other settlement in this direction until you reached the Walter farm, in Le Roy township. The Van Dyke farm was settled in 1798; same year Elihu Knights came, and he sold to the Segors and then settled the George P. Manley farm. In his last years Mr. Spald ing could not remember the name of the first settler on the Wilcox farm, but thinks, whoever it was, he sold to a man named Hinman, in 1798, and from this it is named Hinman Hill. Dennis Kingsbury set tled the Stone farm in 1796, it is supposed, which farm is now owned by E. Lilley. At this house were held the township gatherings and public meetings. Kingsbury thought of making a village of the place. He sold, in 1805, to Capt. Rice, and Rice sold to Joseph Wallace. Mr. Spalding thought that Sterling and Hugh Holcomb located their claims in 1795, but did not occupy them until 1796. These were hard- Avorking, thrifty men, who accumulated property. Hugh Holcomb built one of the very first sawmills in southeast Bradford, on the little creek that runs through the town ; soon he built a gristmill, and for nearly one hundred years this has ground away. Mr. Holcomb soon after built a distillery, as whisky Avas then deemed as much a necessary as bread or milk; this distillery opened a market for all the surplus corn, and was really an important enterprise.' Mr. Spalding thought that Seeley Crofut located here in 1795, but did not move out his family until 1796. In 1799, Isaac" Chaapel, of Massachusetts, came and set tled on the place near where is Chauncey Chaapel's house. Isaac was a prominent man, and was justice of the peace quite a long time. A man named Gordon settled the Aaron Knapp place. The above reminiscences were dictated by Horace Spalding, Avhen he was ninety-three years old, and therefore any slight mistakes should not be carped at. Horace Spalding was the last surviving son of Ezra Spalding. He remembered back in 1805, when this was Towanda township, Luzerne county, and their supposed voting place was Wil liamsport, as they believed they Avere in Lycoming county. Horace Spalding cast his first vote in 1804 ; he was return judge in 1809, and carried the vote to Wilkes-Barre ; and remembers that, in 1805, the county line Avas run here, and they found they Avere in Luzerne and not Lycoming county. Something more of Ezra Spalding's recollec tions during the last year of his life were published in the Canton Sen tinel, in January, 1876v, as they were written out by Sylvanus D. Ken dall, 'substantially as follows: The Alden farm Avas settled in 1796 (he could not remember by whom). A man named Knapp lived at the mouth of the north branch of the creek. Knapp sold to Cramer, who came up and bought where Aaron and his son lived and died. The 444 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Daniel Wilcox farm was settled before 1796 ; how long he did not know, but remembered there being a log-house and several acres cleared when he first came. The noted early place called the " Allen Mills" he thought Isaac Allen must have settled as early as 1794 or 1795 ; that David and Stephen Allen built their sawmill, and soon after their gristmill, finishing the latter in 1797. Isaac Allen, he sup posed, came first. These mills have been operated right along to the present day. Returning to the point of the borough of Canton, and going up the road to Alba : In 1799 Van Valkenburg settled on the Levi Stull farm, and his son-in-law, Wedgeworth, located the " Minnequa Springs " place, that in time came to the hands of Peter Herdic, a genuine "hustler" of modern times, whose push and vim did so much to develop this part of Bradford county. Mr. Wedgeworth built his house on the flat between the "Minnequa House" and the farm house recently erected. 1804, after leaving Canton, on the road to Troy, Avas settled by David Pratt. This was the man, who, in 1804, made the nails for Ezra Spalding's barn, afterward the widow Wheat's property. The next was Schuyler Elliott's farm settled in 1805 by Levi Morse, a tailor; James Rockwell, grandfather of Jacob Rockwell, settled the RockAvell farm, it is supposed in 1802. And Jeremiah Smith located on the Israel Moore farm. In 1804 Elisha Luther and a man named Hurlbut settled between Smith's and Alba borough. In 1805 Kilbourne Morley settled the David Palmer farm. Eban Wilson, Dr. Rowlan and Jacob Thomp son came about the year 1803. A quaint old account and ledger book that Ezra Spalding brought to this country with him is well preserved. It dates back to 1774, but what is written in it seems, on the blank spaces, to be Spalding's accounts with his neighbors after he commenced business here. These old accounts commenced with his Canton neighbors in. 1797, and are now of the greatest interest. The first page has an entry (1799) against Elihu Knight, among other things, seven bushels of corn at fifty cents a bushel ; then John Griffin is charged seven cents for a pint of whisky; March, 1807, paid Hugh Holcomb five quarts Avhisky in full for work; 1808, Kilbourne Morley is charged five items at different dates, but all for whisky ; December, 1808, Sela Crofoot (the Avay he spells it) is charged Avith several items, but mostly Avhisky ; November, 1813, David Pratt, Jr., is charged fifty cents for two gallons of cider. In 1807, Benjamin Stone bought during that and the next year the amount of $7.25 worth, chiefly Avhisky; in 1809, Samuel Wilcox is charged twenty-five cents for a quart of whisky ; then we come ,on the next page, where it goes back to 1799, Joseph Vansickle purchased some sugar ; in 1801, Jonathan Prosser bought some hay ; at the same time Jesse Drake bought two bushels of corn ; the next charge (no year given, but supposed 1801), John " Granidier " is charged with several items of whisky. In the year 1800, Dr. Joseph Vanseck is credited by "tAvo potions of salts ;" by a book "Father Leguay to his Daughter" and "Revolution in America," another, the "Book of a Man of Feeling," and the "Letter Writer" and " Sans Cullots Mor- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 445 ality " and " The Sentimental Traveler through Italy and France." With all these books Mr. Spalding must have had the leading library in northern Pennsylvania. On the next leaf Roswell Rogers is charged 25 cents for a quart and $1.40 for a gallon of whisky. In May, 1799, Charles Reeder is charged 25 cents for a half bushel of seed corn, and 40 cents for three quarts of hay seed. In 1808, Nathan Wilcox is charged $2 for 2 gallons of whisky and for three bushels of "rie," by Orr Scabel, Jr., $2. In 1806, Benj. Mead is charged 6 cents for " 2 gills." In October, 1799, Nathan Roberts is charged for corn and several items for horse and ox teams to do his hauling, and twice for tobacco. During 1807, the same man made a bill of $43.80, the largest single bill the books so far show. The man is credited with one heifer $7 ; one steer $16 ; milling 27 bushels of " rie " at Pratt's Mill, and by "Billy going to mill." In May, 1808, Freedom Bennett is charged 50 cents for 2 quarts whisky ; in 1807, Simeon Power makes quite a bill, and is credited by " Fanna 2 weeks and 4 days' spinning 50 cents." In August, 1800, Stephen Latimer is charged with "sugar 50 cents," and on the line below is this grim entry : " credit by death." In 1807, Nancy Strickland bought a gal lon and five quarts of Avhisky, and paid the bill by one calf $2.75 ; in 1807, Henry Segar bought whisky several times, u to be paid in 'rie' after harvest ;" in 1801, a man named Bular is credited on his account Avith seven weeks' work $4.66.6 — they were very particular to carry out the mills and cents ; in 1797, Moses Emmerson is charged $30.66.7 for 23 weeks board. He marks John Cranclall's bill in 1801 as " set tled the above accompt." Following this "accompt" is a year's venison deal in 1797 Avith same Crandall: first is by 100 pounds veni son $2, then is " 84 pounds venison in the Avoods, 84 cents." In 1798, Benjamin Babcock, account and due bill $13.91 — running through the months, there are credits, " 2£ bushels rie " $1.66 ; 2£ bushels corn $1.25 ; 2 bushels potatoes 45 cents ; 6 bushels Avheat $6 ; 3 pigs $1.20, and then timothy seed to square the " accompt." In 1797 Joseph Kinney is charged with " a gallon of Avhisky by Mr. Hammond." June 24, 1800, is this entry: "Received Capt. William Benjamin's horse from Albert Wells, and requested to keep well." Then, April 15, " Capt. Benjamin took his horse aAvay by the hand of Mr. Williams." In 1807 Benjamin King made an account for Avhisky and venison ; he is credited by " three baskets, boting 5 chairs ; making neat house," etc.; in 1807 Isaiah King bought several quarts of whisky, and is credited by " one day's hoeing, 50 cents ; one mar tin skin, 40 cents." In 1799, Samuel Griffin is oharged with " 1-J days oxeens work, 60 cents" ; " to horses and oxeen drawing load hay from Beaver's Meadows';" April, 1799, he has several charges against Isaiah Grover for " meat and potatoes lent," and for " Billey and the oxeen ^ day, 30 cents " ; " to the oxeen five days to go to Mr. Board- man's, $2.00 ; " " to the oxeen one day to draAV logs for his house;" this was August 30. Polly Luther (year not given) made an " accompt " of $8.16; among the items Avas " one hat, $4.00 " (Polly was a little vain); "cloth for shortgown, 40 cents;" "five yards tow cloth, $2.67;" ~~i yard muslin, 42 cents;" to " soals to 1 pair slips and a 446 history of Bradford county. making 25 cents;" then, "settled Avith Polly," by the folloAving account: " 10 days work on toAv yarn ; 6 days on linnen yarn ; 6 days on tow yarn ; by 2 weeks and 2 days spining linnen ; two AAreeks on linnen tow and picking wool; b}' one Aveek and one day on tow; by eight days spining tow ; by three weeks and four daATs Avork on linnen and tow, and finally by five Aveeksand five and a half days work." A girl now would consider this right smart work for $8.16. In 1810 he credits Aurilla Hurlbut Avith "31 weeks and 5 days work, $21.23." Dur ing the year 1803 George BroAvn runs an account, $1.63. In 1803 Dr. Prowlan run up a long bill for Avhisky ; only that each item is generally for one or two gills at a time, one would conclude that there were a great many snake bites that year among his patients ; one entry is " 2 gills whisky, lodging and" breakfast, and my horse to ride home." In 1800, Wheeler Hinman runs up a long store account, in which is "a days work by Horace," "leather, and soal leather for 1 pair shoes," sugar, whisky; the sugar is charged at about 13 cents a pound, and whisky one dollar a gallon; then Hinman is credited with making quite a number of pairs of shoes, " half-boots for Billey," and shoes for Betty and Horace and " topping Horace's boots," etc. Then the next page goes back to 1797, and gives Nathaniel Babcock's "account," among numerous items is, "Horace and oxen, li daj's, $1.25," and he is credited by day's work, "use of saddle, one day choping, one day hoeing, one day reaping," etc. Then in 1801, Hezekiah "Arrants," and, on opposite page it is Avritten "Arrand," is charged for sugar, potatoes, wheat, corn, gallon of soap, candles, but no whisky. Hezekiah must also have been a cobbler, as he is credited Avith making and " half-soaling " many pairs of shoes ; these are shoes for " Ceasar," Polly, Betty, Horace, Billey, Mrs. Spalding and by " one pair shoes for Horace by agreement $2.25 " — this was pretty extravagant for Horace as the average price of shoes is 66 cents. In 1797, Jonas Geers has quite an "accompt," and among other items is " one iron kettle, $5.20," by " daughter's making cap for Avife 40 cents." On the opposite page he is credited with "fetching 2 loads of goods from Elihu Knights," and by " 6J yards cassimer, $14.00," and by "a half stack of hay $3.33£." In 1797, Jonathan Prosser's account fills a page, and the whole foots up $17.00, mostly for teams to haul, provi sions, and one item is " £ bn. potatoes and 26 pumpkins, 40 cents." The price of pumpkins Avas one cent each. The same year, 1797, Ebenezer Brigsby has quite an account, and among other items is one for the " hire of his kettle to sugar in, $1." In 1798 John Newell runs a long account — potatoes, corn, wheat, hauling, etc. He is cred ited by " beaver skin by Press Stevens, $2.00 ; a deer skin, $1.00 ; buck wheat, by Aveaving," etc. In 1799 Daniel Bailey's account in small items runs up to $36.34. He is credited with making Betty's and Delight's shoes and " toping Cesars," and many and much shoemaking and mending. In 1799 Laban Landon opened an account ; three bun dles of straw, beans, Avheat, flax, "a pullet 12 cents" and "soal leather for Laban." lard, and cash to Eleazer Ellis, etc. His credit is by a " bushel of salt from Williamsport, $2.50 ;" by " 1 dog, 82 cents," by " turning bedstead posts," by " one hive," " by leather for Horace and history of Bradford county. 447 Cesars vamps and quarters," and finally " by the verdict about the old horse $5." In 1801 Henry Van Valkenburg's name opens an account and it is spelled " Vanvolcanborough," that is very good indeed, " burg " means borough when you write, though pronounced " burg " in common parlance. Van got seed wheat, a pig, corn, potatoes, etc., and is credited by tallow, venison, deer skins, etc. Orr Scovel in 1800 fills a page ; it is all potatoes, Avheat, corn, rye, etc., and in his credits is an order on Ebenezer Tuttle for $3.00, and another " by his sawmill to saw 720 feet." In 1800 Eleazer Aliis makes a long account, which it seems he paid mostly in Avhisky and work. It should be born in mind that then Avhisky was not only the vernacular drink, but the legal tender of the realm. In 1803 Jesse Roberts made an account, and the next year paid it off in rye. In 1800 Uriah Loper bought about $12.00, and is credited "one Avash tub, a shawl, silk handker chief, by an order on Thomas Caldwell, and by hauling to Robert's mill." In 1811 " John Granidier [this means Granteer] bought 14, bushels apples 75 cents." In 1801 Jacob " Granidier" [Granteer] is charged Avith many items — sugar, potatoes, work b}^ Horace, etc., and is credited by many days' Avork. Zepheniah Rogers makes a long store-bill in 1803. Jesse Drake has a larger one in 1802, but he is credited with " eighteen bushels of apples." Among other items charged to Jesse is " keeping horse nine nights, ninety cents." In 1803 Noah Wilson (mayor of Alba) came down to Spalding's to trade, and bought cider, salt, whisky, potatoes, .etc. This open account ran along until 1822, Avhen, under date of July 1, appears this : " Settled all the above amounts and all other deals to this date in full," signed by Noah Wilson and Ezra Spalding. In 1809 Benjamin Landon opened an account ; it ' ran until 1812 when they settled and signed the account. In 1804 Eli McNitt opened an account, and this open account runs to 1810. The same year Augustus Loomis commences to trade with Spalding, and the same year again appears the name of Wilkes Gillett on the books, every item of his account being whisky. In 1805 Levi Morse ran a bill, Avhich he paid in tailoring ; among other items is " making great coat, $1.50," "turning Horace's — $2" (supposed "pantaloons"). March 21, 1813, is this entry : " Zuba Nelson came to my house to work," and in 1812 is this: "Sabra Green came to my house to work." In 1805 John Newell, Jr., begins an account, whisky, beans, potatoes, and paid by work and deer skins. In 1805 appears the account of Thomas Updegraff, who paid in leather, it seems (probably the first tanner). In 1805 Samuel Waitman opened an account. In 1808 Zoroaster Porter's name appears; in 1811 he, too, bought apples of Spalding, and in 1812 they settle up the account. Ezra Spalding's family were himself, wife, and sons Horace and William, and daughters Lucy, Betsey and Delight, and two slaves, Bulah and her boy, " Cesar," who were slaves in Connecticut. Bulah, having her freedom after a year here, went back to Sheshequin, but " Cesar" remained. Ezra Spalding was born in Connecticut, and Avas aged forty-two when he came ; he had a good education, had surveyed, and had studied navigation. He was a Revolutionary soldier ; he first 448 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. came to Sheshequin in 1795, and next year to this place. His cabin was between where the road now runs and Towanda county, nearly a mile from the borough where his son Horace lived. They built a cabin, 16x32, and the next February he brought his family in sleds. When he came he brought about $300 worth of coAv-bells, which he soon sold to his neighbors. Groceries were " dear bought and far fetched" at first, as they all came from Athens, but the trade soon changed to Williamsport, simply folloAving down the, stream to that place, Avhich old-timers said they crossed thirty-eight times going from Canton. In the above accounts appears an entry against Emmerson, who was a spy, it seems, of Pennsylvania, and who tried to rob Spalding of his land. John Newell, Jr., settled the L. N. Rutty farm in 1797, and sold in 1799 to Samuel Rutty. Government sent out viewers to locate a road north from Williams port to Canada, and, after much contention as to the tAvo routes, it was finally surveyed and located much as it now runs through the county. It was sixty feet Avide and completed, except three miles in 1811. The slave " Cesar " Avas given his liberty by Mr. Spalding when he was twenty -one; he lived to be quite old, and was never accused of being wholly, as his namesake would have his wife. Spalding's mill on his farm was a small affair, but a great improve ment to stump pounding. It would run all day and grind about three bushels of corn. Reference has already been made to the burning of Spalding's house. In further explanation it may be said that this Avas all caused by this traitor in his house, Emmerson, and Avas another attempt of the Pennamites to ruin the Connecticut settlers. Spalding was arrested under the "intrusion law," fined $200 and sent to prison two months. He served out his term, and then an executive took and sold all his personal property and the rascals burned his house. These Avere some of the drastic measures against these poor settlers, Avho, one Avould suppose, had enough natural obstacles to contend with without such horrors as Pennsylvania agents inflicted upon them. Is it any wonder there was in time bloodshed between these parties ? Mr. Spalding had purchased of Col. Spalding and Elisha Satterlee, but finally completing his title by purchasing of the Asylum company. This ruin came to Mr. Spalding in the fall of 1800. He was com pelled to move his family into a small cabin that stood where J. W. Griffin lived; at that time owned by Ebenezer Aliis, Avhere he lived one year and then built a new house, and in a feAv years he was again prospering and running his hotel. He died in December, 1828. His son Horace succeeded him, and died on the old place at the ripe age of ninety-six. Mrs. S. D. Kendall, of Canton, is a daughter of Horace Spalding. Early elections in Canton township Avere held at the house of Daniel Stone. An early justice was Isaac Chaapel, and in time he was succeeded by Seeley Crofut. The first" school in the new township was taught by Isaac Chaapel, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 449 near Pratt's Mill. In 1799 some of the most prominent people, among others Ezra Spencer,, were arrested under the " intrusion law," for set tling on lands under Connecticut title, and sentenced to two or three months' imprisonment and fined $200. In 1800 Mr. Spalding's house was burned, while the sheriff was in the act of dispossessing him, to put a man in it by the name of John Schrader, Sr., and about the time fire was descried, a bullet " whizzed " close by the heads of the sheriff and Schrader. This Avas one of the incidents of that disturbed time and disputed land titles. In November, 1814, Michael R. Thorp made his appearance in the settlement with blank deeds, etc., and claimed to be an agent of " The Bank of North America," which claimed the land of the settlers, and he urged the people to buy. Many did so ; took a deed and mortgage at the rate of $2.50 per acre, a few lost or gave up their claims and took other land. The first division of Canton township was striking off Franklin township — about one-half of its territory ; the next change was that of making Troy toAvnship. The people in the confusion were, many of them on North Sugar creek, called on in two townships to pay taxes. Canton township originally comprised Leroy, Franklin, Alba borough, and a large part of Granville. In 1820, in the split in the Methodist Church by those "protesting" against the " episcopacy," a society of the new order was formed in Canton township, of which Uriah Baxter Avas the chosen leader, and Elder David Randall, of Burlington, was an active and influential member. This society still keeps its organization. Jacob Granteer settled what is Canton borough in 1800. He came that spring and purchased 440 acres, including all the east part and west limits of the incorporation. He bought of Jonathan Prosser, built a nice hewed log house on the ground on Avhich stands Ezekiel Newman's house. Granteer, Avho AA^as born in Lorraine, came to Amer ica two or three years before the breaking out of the Revolution, and settled in the Mo*haAvk valley. He volunteered into Morgan's Rifle men, and served during the war. After that he removed to NeAvtown (Elmira), and from there in pirogues floated down the river to the mouth of Towanda creek, called " Fox's ferry," or sometimes " Fox's fishery," and finally " Fox's chase." He built the first sawmill on Mill creek a short distance north of Canton borough. He was killed by a fall in his mill in 1804 or 1805. He left three sons and four daughters, all now deceased. His eldest son, John Granteer, cleared the ground on which the borough stands. John was twice married, first to a Heverly and . then to Mary Moore; he died in 1870, aged eighty-six; his wife died in 1861 and was buried in the ground he had given for a church and graveyard, where was built the first , Union church; this old church building was moved to Centre street, and became a residence. John Granteer left one son by his first marriage, and two sons by his last marriage, viz: Jacob and John. Grover is a station on the railroad south of the borough of Canton, and nearly on the south county line. The most important industry here is the extensive Innes tannery; there are two stores and some 450 History ok Bradford county. sra'all shops; also a gristmill operated by James II. Eastgate, and the extensive planing mill of S. S. Vermilye. Minnequa Springs. — This is a lovely spot, and a most noted health resort of northern Pennsylvania, from whose remarkable springs burst forth the cold, pure, health-giving waters. It is tradition that the Indians were led to this spring following the game that came for the sweet Avater. The early pioneer learned of it from the Indian, and, in the course of time, Peter Herdic, by the advice of his physi cian, came here and found the fountain of health, if not of perpetual youth, and, in 1869, he made it a health resort for the public. Guests and visitors and cottage-builders have been a steady, increasing stream to the present. In 1870 Judge Maynard purchased sixty acres, and built his residence near the spring. A commodious hotel Avas built, and, when this was overtaxed with increasing guests, a large room annex Avas put up. The main building was burned in 1878, and the present brick was opened in 1884. Were there nothing here but the SAveet dreamland that it is — the wide, smooth sweeping valley at your feet, the surrounding swelling hills and the afar, dreamy blue lines of the Armenia, and the South Mountains overlooking Canton, and the green velvet valley of the Towanda — it would be an enchanting place for the city visitor fleeing from the roar and dust and dirt of the city, to rest and renew life and vigor for the future struggle. Here is great Mother Nature's sweet bosom, where her weary and sick children majr cuddle and sleep and dream, and regain strength and health. Mr. L. J. Andress, who has for many years kept the hotel, is a famous caterer, and so is his able assistant, Mr. Hinckley. From all the Eastern cities are representative families with cottages lining the sides of the surrounding hills, Avhile others are constantly being built. Among the earliest to select this as a summer home were E. L. Daven port and Fanny Davenport and Frank Mayo, of theatrical renoAvn, whose " Crockett Lodge " is a marATel of beauty. Other notable places are " Maynard's Hill," Miss F. A. Smith's cottage, Henry A. Oakley's and those of Rev. Stephen W. Dana, D. D.; Dr. Saylor, Dr. Franklin Hindale ; Dr. Arthur Brooks, rector of the Church of the Incarnation ; besides, "Beechwood," the charming summer home of Mrs. C. M. Par ker, and others. Some of the most elegant cottages are now in course of construction. The Northern Central Railroad stops all trains at this point during the season. Minnequa is about half-way between Elmira and Wil liamsport, and two miles north of the borough of Canton. Analysis of the water: Total solid contents in one U. S. gallon (grains in one U. S. gallon), 7.652 ; calcium, 0.994; magnesium, 0.207; sodium, 0.722 ; lithium, trace ; aluminum, 0.127 : iron, trace; manganese, 0.226 ; chlo rine, 0.140; silica, 0.700; zinc, 0.028; carbonic acid, 2.053; boracic acid, 2.132; oxygen (with silicates), 0.138; loss, 0.145. Temperature of spring, 47 degrees Fahrenheit. CANTON BOROUGH. Canton borough was incorporated May 23, 1864, with the following as first officers : Burgess, John A. Mix ; J. E. Bullock, secretary ; HISTORY Oh' BRADFORD COUNTY. l!)l justice of the peace, J. W. Vandyke and Thomas Bennett ; council, Herman ToAvnsend, E. W. Coolweil, Daniel Wilcox, John A. Hooper, and H. F. Beardsley. The record of the burgesses and secretaries from 1864 to 1891 is as follows : Burgesses. — 1864-65, John S. Mix; 1866, Charles Stockwell; 1867, James O. Randall ; 1868, Charles Stockwell ; 1869, Charles Stockwell ; 1870, Marcus Porter; 1871, A. D. Williams ; 1872, E. I. Manley; 1873, H. B. Parsons ; 1874. Theo. Pierce ; 1875, Samuel W. Owen ; 1876, A. D. Williams ; 1877, B. W. Clark ; 1878, J. H. Shaw ; 1879, J. H. Shaw ; 1880, G. II. Estell; 1881, G. II. Estell ; 1882, H. B. Parsons; 1883, E. A. Jennings; 1884, E. A. Jennings; 1885, E. A. Jennings; 1886, W. C. Crippen ; 1887, W.C. Crippen ; 1888, J. W. Parsons; 1889, J. W. Parsons; 1890, J. W. Parsons. Secretaries.— 1864-65, J. E. Bullock ; 1866, J. E. Bullock ; 1867, J. E. Bullock ; 1868, James D. Tyler; 1869, II. N.Williams ; 1870, Ed. New man ; 1871, M. P. Lewis; 1872, J. W. Stene; 1873, G. W. Griffin; 1874, G. W. Griffin; 1875, R. M. Manley; 1876, R. M. Manlev ; 1877, M. P. Lewis ; 1878, John S. Griffin ; 1879, Frank A. Owen ; 1880, W. W. Whitman ; 1881, W. W. Whitman ; 1882, Charles E. Bullock ; 1883, G. W. Griffin ; 1884, Newton Landon ; 1885, Charles E. Riggs ; 1886, Charles E. Riggs ; 1887, A. P. Hackett ; 1888, Charles E. Riggs ; 1889, Charles E. Riggs; 1890, Charles E. Riggs. The present borough officers are as follows: Colin A. Innes, bur gess ; Hollis H. Taylor, vice burgess ; Michael F. Wynne, treasurer ; Charles E. Riggs, secretary. Street Committee — Michael F. Wynne, Harry E. Griffin, Richard J. O'Donnel. Sidewalk Committee — Hollis H. Taylor, Robert E. Rockwell, Walter G. Newman. Street Commis sioner — Almeran D. Biddle. Citizens' Water Works (incorporated), Canton, was established in 1876 and reorganized in 1883; capital stock, $25,000. The first sup ply Avas from Mill creek, and the second Avas from Lake Nephwan, in 1889. The former was about one and one-fourth miles, and the latter one-half mile distant. The officers are : G. W. Maynard, president ; J. E. Cleveland, treasurer ; L. E. Manley, secretary ; G. E. Guernsey, manager. The pipes have been extended to Minnequa, and supply that place as well as Canton. The water from the creek has a fall of 300 feet, and from the lake about 250 feet — an unlimited supply, and altogether Canton may be said to have the best water supply in northern Pennsylvania. Canton Schools have an enrollment of 400 pupils, and employ eight teachers. U. G. Palmer is principal. The board of education consists of W. S. Lewis, M. D., president; William C. Sechrist, Esq., secretary ; W. C. Crippen, treasurer ; L. R. Gleason, M. L. RockAvell, T. Burk. Caledonia Tannery was established in 1870, and began operations in 1871. The tannery is owned by A. Innes & Son, and has a capacity of 55,000 hides a year. The number of men employed is from thirty- five to forty. Steam Flour and Feed Mill was built in 1876, and owned by Samuel Strait. Geo. B. Riley bought it in 1890, and continues to operate it. 452 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. II. Sheldon & Co., Map Rollers and Mountings, was established in 187.1 ; capital stock about $9,000. They employ from thirteen to egihteen men. Gleason & Clark's Canton Tannery was established in 1869, by Gleason & Irving. In 1881, Mr. Irving sold his interest in the plant. The product is about 350,000 pounds of leather per year ; they employ sixteen men. Hockett Bros.' Sawmill, Cardmg-mill and Bee-hive Factory. — The firm bought the mill of C. O. Hazleton, October, 1882, and added the Bee-hive Factory in the spring of 1889. They manufacture bee-hives principally in the summer, and last year's product was over 2,000 ; and' $500 Avorth of wool was carded. Hugh Crawford's Roller Feed Mill.— The firm buy about sixty carloads of grain' a year, ahd grind for customers, besides what is bought in Canton ; employ about twenty-five men. G. M. Coon's Planing Mill, was built in 1887, and employs from four to six men. The mill has a 45 horse-power engine and runs plan ers, lathes, board and jig saw, etc. A. M. Wilson's Foundry and Machine Shop was established over thirty years ago by N. H. "Harris. The present owner bought it in 1888. The machine shop is 40x40 feet, and the foundry 30x60 feet; employs from three to five men. Rockwell <& Son's Canton Steam Mills Avere started in 1879; con tain seven grinding buhrs. They do a business of about $20,000 a year. H. H. Taylor's Planing Mill has been established about tAventy years. The present owner has been running it seven years: employs five men, and does a large business. Miller Bros.' Saw and Feed Mill was established in the spring of 1883 ; Avas started first in 1876 as a wagon aud repair shop ; does an extensive business. Canton has the following business concerns : Dry goods, three ; clothing, three ; hardware, four ; furniture, two ; jewelry, tAvo ; banks, First National Bank; three hotels — " Packard House," "Canton" and " Mountain View " ; grocery stores, eight ; agricultural stores, two ; bakery, one ; meat markets, two ; livery stables, four ; boot and shoe store, one; planing mills, two ; gristmills, two ; foundry, one ; tannery, one ; sawmills, two ; blacksmiths, five ; wagon shops, three ; undertaker, one. The First National Bank of Canton was established March 1 , 1881, with a capital stock of $50,000. The capital stock is $50,000 ; the surplus fund $23,000 ; the undivided profits, $5,672.44. National bank notes outstanding $11,700 ; individual deposits subject to check $69,086.97; demand certificates of deposit $48,693.35. The first officers were Adam Innes, president ; Geo. B. Guernsey, cashier. The present officers are Daniel Innes, president ; Geo. B. Guernsey, cashier. The directors are A. D. Foss, Geo. E. Bullock, Jno. A. Innes. Churches. — There are five churches in Canton : Methodist Episcopal, Baptist, Presbyterian, Disciple and Catholic. Union Agricultural Association was organized August 24, 1880. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 453 The first officers were: J. Whitehead. P.; Cyrus Taber, V. P.; H. Cathin, Sec; W. M. Watts, Treas.; capital stock $5,000; purchased twenty-one acres of land of George J. Goff, situated on Towanda road, one mile east of the borough, and proceeded to erect the necessary buildings and lay out a one-half mile tract, which is one of the best in the county. The first fair was held in October, 1881, and lasted three days. It now holds in September and lasts four days. They have plenty of good spring water on the grounds, and everything is in good condition. The present officers are: J. H. BroAvn, P.; F. A. OAven, V. P.; G. A. Guernsey, Treas.; Mr. Derrah, Sec. Farmers' Institute Avas organized in 1889, and had their first annual meeting in 1890. It has had help from the State Board of Agricul ture, and is altogether a thriving association. Its secretary is Charles D. Derrah. CHAPTER XXXI. COLUMBIA TOWNSHIP— SYLVANIA BOROUGH. IN the year 1795 Nathaniel and John Ballard (twins), born in Far mington, Mass., December 27, 1777, came up Sugar creek from Burlington, and, taking the left-hand branch of the creek, which runs through the Porter farms, followed to the source near the foot of Bailey Hill. They took up the farm OAvned eventually by James H. Nash, and commenced a fallow where Nash made his orchard. This Avas the first settlement in Columbia toAvnship. The young men were eighteen years old when they arrived, and had started from Burling ton, where they had been a short time as explorers, and came carrying on their backs their small stocks of provisions and worldly possessions. Their only weapons or implements were the axes they carried in their hands. The country was so densely timbered the only way they could keep from becoming wholly lost was to keep near the stream. There were no marked trees to guide them, and it is highly probable they were the first white men that ever looked upon this part of the world. They afterward told of meeting two panthers that seemed disposed to stop them; they parleyed and tried several ways to frighten off the beasts in vain, and finally each cut a sturdy club that they could handle better than axes, and then they made a determined rush and the panthers fled. When they got to Avhere was afterward Long's mill, they suddenly came upon several bears digging roots — not a great distance from Avherethey encountered the panthers. They charged these with their clubs and scattered them easily. When near the foot of Bailey Hill their ears were dinned with the most hideous screams of another panther ; it Avas soon visible, and seemed furious at their approach. They concluded it must have young near, and finally they, in charging it, struck a pile of leaves, and, scattering them somewhat, they found a deer the panther Avas guarding. They 454 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. left the beast to his feast and returned a short distance and commenced chopping. After laboring a week their provisions were exhausted, and they returned to Burlington for more, and on their return brought their rifles, having learned the necessity of these. On their way up they killed two panthers. It seems they were to have one hundred and fifty acres and a bonus of ten dollars each if they cleared two acres each, but the place was so far from their base of sup plies that they finally concluded to sell their claims; and their posterity reported that the pay they got was " a black dog and a piece of a black hog." They returned to Burlington and settled, but on their premises was a rattle-snake den, that for a while nearly made life a burden ; they killed seventy-five snakes one afternoon. (These men it should be remembered were teetotalers.) Nathaniel Ballard mar ried Susan Dobbins, January 27, 1799, the ceremony being performed by William Jayne, of Burlington. He died at John Ballard's in Burlington in 1859. From reliable tradition it is learned that soon after the Ballards came to Columbia — the same year — a man named Doty arrived with his family, and built the first log house in the town ship on the Scouten farm. What became of this family is not known. Among the early and prominent names .are those of Oliver Tinkham, Stephen Palmer, Chapman Morgan, Charles Keyes, Maj. Isaac Strait, Philip Slade, Hon. Myron Ballard and Joel Stevens. Cabot Township. — In 1799 Nathaniel Morgan purchased of the Con necticut Company sixteen thousand acres of land, and came on at once and surveyed out a township which he called " Cabot." from which came the name of " Cabot Hollow," afterward called "Morgan Hollow" and finally "Austinville." He commenced his survey from the southeast corner of his township, on the top of the hill south of Mial Watkins' house. Two sets of surveyors started from this point, one going north and the other west; they Avent on Pickle Hill, and they Avere to meet at the northwest corner of the township. Mr. Morgan built a cabin, planted potatoes, dug and buried them in the fall, and returned to Connecticut. In March folloAving he came and brought his family, and accompanied by five of his neighbors, to each of whom he gaAre fifty acres of land. These Avere : David Watkins, Oliver Canfield, Silas Batterson, Lamphierand Soper. The proprietor moved into the house he had built the previous year, afterward the farm of his son Chapman Morgan. David Watkins built on the land that became the farm of his son Mial ; his cabin had a back roof and no. floor, and here his daughter Laura (Mrs. Philip Slade) was born in 1801, and cradled in a sap trough— the first birth in the toAvnship. The next birth was Herman Soper — the first white male child. Mor gan's purchase was decided worthless and his land taken from him by Pennsylvania, and he Avas ruined financially, and had to repurchase any land that he might get. Without this calamity it would seem that the prospect was dreary enough Avhen Morgan came here in the spring of 1800 ; what a dense and eternal wilderness surrounded him on all sides — not a path, not a mark of civilization anywhere ! The people came, folloAving the blazed trees they had marked when they went away the fall before. When HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 455 they finally reached the lonely cabin, they found the door ajar, and the skeleton of a deer hanging from a beam ; hunters had killed a venison, and hung it up there, and the ravenous beasts had forced open the door and picked the bones clean. An old man has described to the Avriter what he had been told by David Watkins Avhen he landed here with Morgan. His total possessions Avere a wife, an ax, and $7.50 in cash. But all Avent to work, and soon each family had a cabin — generally back roof, and no floor ; but some made flooring of split basswood — of course no "lights" in the windoAvs — this was what they made doors of ; wooden pins were used for nails, huge stone fire places Avere made in one end of the cabin, outside the Avails. Fuel and water were the only two things of which there was no scarcity ; a cord of Avood, if the cabin was tolerably well " chinked," would keep a family tolerably comfortable during even a cold night. In 1804 David Palmer came from Burlington and settled on the Scouten farm ; he purchased the possession of Ebenezer Baldwin, who had purchased of Doty. When Mr. Palmer moved into his house it had been some time unoccupied ; sprouts had grown up between the basswood cracks as high as the beams overhead, and he had to have a "clearin"' before he could move in. Shortly after this, Abraham Weast made a possession on what became William Moshier's farm, but about 1807 he sold to a man named Sprague. This Weast Avas a noted chopper and hunter, but as smart a Avoodsman as he was, he once attempted to go to Mill creek, but became lost and wandered in the woods three days, and having no gun he nearly perished ; on the. even ing of the third day he suddenly found a turnip patch, and fell to eating the turnips ; fortunately the owner discovered him, and took him to his house, and judiciously fed him on venison soup and brought him around. In 1807 Calvin Tinkham came from Vermont, and Charles Keyes from Burlington ; Keyes was a hatter, Avhich trade he followed for years, and died in the winter of 1856 ; Mr. Tinkham and his wife (Theodosia Thomas) lived happily to a great age ; they were married in 1810, celebrated their golden Avedding; and at that time (1860) were the oldest couple in the county ; he was aged eighty-four, and Mrs. Tinkham was entirely blind. In 1808 Carter Havens and family came and settled on the hill, a mile north of Austinville — a numerous family, there being twenty-two children, enough to fill pretty full an ordinary pioneer cabin. John Bixby came in 1808, and cleared the farm on which he lived and died, in October, 1866, aged ninety. In clearing about his cabin there accidently fell a tree that bore doAvn one end of the cabin and made quite a wreck of it ; but this was repaired and the Avork went on. In 1806 Hurlbut and Murray Ballard built a sawmill Avhere was afterward the Waldo mill, and this furnished the people the first sawed lumber in the township. Charles Keyes put up the first frame house in Austinville, in 1808, near Harry Smith's. David Wilson kept the first store— principally for the sale of whisky and tobacco. An old- timer assures us that he Avas told many years ago that preachers and doctors were scarce and whisky and tobacco far more plentiful, and 456 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. yet both the health and morals of the people Avere elegant. The first death was that of a young child of Capt. Chapin, sometime previous to 1810 ; the second burial was that of a Mr. Wright. The first preacher was Elder Rich, a Baptist ; Elder Simon PoAvers succeeded him and subsequently Elder Rich, Jr., succeeded him (the latter was a one-legged man and preached sitting). The first settlers had to go to John Shepard's mill, at Milltown, now Sayre, to get their bread, and the way they went was for a man to take a bushel on his back, and trudge over the long way, through the unbroken Avilderness twenty miles. About the year 1806 Mr. Rowley built a small log gristmill near the site of Long's mill. This was hailed as the geatest improvement ever made in the country. Nathaniel Merritt came from Vermont in 1807, and settled on the James McKean farm ; one of his five sons was Curtis, who lived to be an old man in Sylvania. When he was a lad, the family made maple sugar, and he would take a lot of this on horse-back to Chemung Flats and exchange this for pork— pound for pound. At that time there Avas not a house between Springfield Centre and Bentley creek, and he would travel a bridle path. When Merritt came, Samuel Baldwin lived on the Smead farm, and Ephraim Cleveland on the John Calkins farm. In 1808 Deacon Asa Howe settled near Helon Budd's, and the place became Howe Hollow. Comfort Peters settled on the Pettibone farm, same year, and next year (1809), Sheldon Gibbs came to the neighbor hood. The two last men were basket-makers, and would peddle their Avares for miles around, even going as far as Oswego after they were enabled to. have a sled to haul them in, from which circumstance the road on which they lived was called "Basket street," and it retains the name to this day ; it leads from C. H. Ballard's to Austinville. It is said on pretty good authority that Moses Taylor was the first settler, but it can not be learned the exact year he came. It Avas between 1800 and 1803. He came from Tioga Point (Athens) and settled on the Monroe farm— built a double log house, farmed and kept a hotel. His main customers at first were the agents of the Drinker lands. Taylor's son Charles was born August 24, 1773, and Avas a young man Avhen the family came; after his father retired he kept the log house tavern sometime, and Avas a prosperous citizen as was his father before him. He married Miranda Canfield, December 29, 1807, and they had twelve children. One of the sons, Alanson, lived on the old homestead, and with him Avas his mother when she Avas nearly ninety years old. Mrs. Taylor's father, Canfield, came from Spencer county, N. Y., in 1800. Every family made their own clothing, " home markets " as it were, and the girl that could card, spin and weave the best Avas the first choice always in the matrimo nial market, and the girl made her own dower — a chestfull of linen, and a pillow case full of stockings. The wool was carried often on a man's back to Factoryville, and carded, and Avhen spun and woven at home was taken back to be dressed or finished, and the proudest groom in the land Avas satisfied with such a suit. Moses Taylor, principally, caused a log school-house to be built soon, the first in this section, and on the spot Avhere Alanson Taylor's residence afterward stood, and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 459 here such men as Chapman and James Morgan got all their " book larnin." Moses Taylor died February 12, 1824, and Charles Taylor died December 3, 1837. Snedekerville. — The principal concern here is Snedeker's mills. Snedeker is a station on the Northern Central Railroad. Austinville has a sawmill belonging to Warren Smith. Columbia Cross Roads is a station on the Northern Central Rail road ; has two stores, one blacksmith-shop, one hotel and a church. SYLVANIA BOROUGH. The borough of Sylvania was organized in 1852. Is but a small hamlet, and since the lumbering has declined is not considered of great importance. ^ CHAPTER XXXII. FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. BURR RIDGEWAY was one of the first settlers of Franklin town ship. His name will remain with us Avhile the civil division of Bradford county lasts. He Avas the first county commissioner of the. county, and the second editor and publisher of the first newspaper, The Bradford Gazette. He Avas living in Franklin township as late as 1867, a very old man, with his son, David Ridgeway. Other names of the early settlers Avere William Spalding, Gilbert Gay, William B. French, Allen Rockwell, Nathan Wilcox and Major Dodge. Mr. A. S. Hooker in his paper, the Northern Tier-Gazette, of July 18, 1867, publishes a most interesting letter from " one of Bradford county's oldest inhabitants" — Burr RidgeAvay — from which we make interesting extracts : "I am noAv in my eighty-eighth year, and have been a resident Avithin the boundaries of Bradford county since 1803 ; first in Wysox, and when the county Avas organized removed to ToAvanda, which then contained three log huts and two small buildings, except what was called ' Mean's Red Tavern,' built the year before. I was elected the firstcounty commissioner, was acquainted with almost everybody in the county, but have neglected to make notes of them. I was three years deputy prothonotary under C. F. Wells, and three years under Governor Hilster, and over thirty years an active justice of the peace, first by appointment and then by election. I published a paper, but not being a printer myself, and political differences springing up between Gen. McKean and Wells, made the paper unpro ductive, and I abandoned it. * * * We have a person in our neighborhood, Timothy H. Lewis, widely known as ' Harry Lewis,' who never forgot anything. I will try and see him and .get him to refresh my mind of those old times." . In a postscript he adds : " I established the first post routes in Bradford county, except that up and doAvn the river carried by Mr. Teetor, the one from Towanda to 85 460 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Canton by Job Irish, Jr., son of the celebrated Job Irish, of much law memory ; the one from Towanda through Burlington to Canoe Place, in Tioga county, and then back to Bradford, through Columbia, Springfield, Smithfield to Athens by my sons, on the east side of the river I had many riders." Burr Ridgeway died at his son's, James D. Ridgeway, August 19, 1876, aged ninety-seven years ; his wife had died June 8, 1858, aged sevent}T-nine years, and side by side they peace fully sleep in Franklindale Cemetery. Barclay formed a portion of this township until 1867. Towanda creek passes centrally through it, receiving several small tributaries. David and Stephen Allen were the first settlers, in 1795, at Avhat is now known as Franklindale. The next season their brother Daniel Allen settled further up the creek at West Franklin. Benja- man Stone came in 1800. . Daniel Wilcox, or as is sometimes said "Nathan" Wilcox came, it is supposed, before the Aliens, and settled on the place called " Preacher brook." Elder Thomas Smiley, at a very early date, improved the Dorson Stone farm, afterward owned by Clay Fairchilds. John Knapp, William Damer and the Spaldings came as early as 1799, and afterward came Samuel Wilcox, Absalom and Ezekiel Carr, Widow Lattimore, William Blaincher, Ahran Cook, Daniel Stone, Truman Holcomb, Gilbert Gay, William B. French, Allen Rockwell, Nathan Wilcox, and Maj. Oliver Williams Dodge. The Spaldings Avere three brothers: Horace, William D. and Noah. The two latter bought the mill property, at Franklindale. There Avere three of the Lattimores ; Stephen, Peter, and Elizabeth, latter of whom married David Smiley. . Alpheus Holcomb came to the township in 1 832, and settled near the Ridgeways. He had formerly lived in LeRoy. Franklindale is the principal village, situated on the ToAvanda creek, has a general store, a gristmill, sawmill and hotel. West Frank lin is in the west part of the toAvnship on the Towanda road ; it con tains two churches, one hotel, one general store, and several smaller shops. CHAPTER XXXIII. GRANVILLE TOWNSHIP. DURING the winter of 1798-99 Jeremiah Taylor, Avith his family, left his native Berkshire, Mass.. home, and Avith a Connecticut title to a piece of land in what is Bradford county came and first stopped in what is now West Burlington, where he stayed one season, and in a way worked a piece of land, afterward Amasa Greeno's. While here, he put in his odd time in clearing and preparing his future farm home. In March, 18Q0, he woyed. to his plage with, a yoke q£ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 461 oxen and a sled, a distance of about four miles to ToAvanda creek, now Leroy township. Their only neighbor was Lewis Moffit, who came the same year and settled about a mile west, up the main stream on the Harrison Ross farm. . The next arrival, in 1801, was Scovil Bailey, who was down the stream some fifty rods, on the Lume D. Taylor farm. He was a carpenter and a noted hunter. . Then came David Bailey and his father and mother, .who settled east on the Robert Bailey farm. Then came Ezra Bailey, who settled between Scovil Bailey and David Bailey, on the Elam A. Bailey farm. Then came Thomas BaileA7, who settled north of them on the John Vrooman farm; then Uriah Baxter, on the Benjamin Baldwin farm. The first white child born in the settlement was Sylvester Taylor, third son of Jeremiah Taylor, the latter of whom died September 17, 1S27. Sylvester liATed to be an old man on the old farm at Granville Centre. The first death was that of Mrs. Lewis Moffit, who was buried on the old Crofut farm on Towanda creek. The first Avedding was that of Hugh Holcomb (the first settler in Leroy township) with Prudence Bailey, daughter of Oliver Bailey. One of Holcomb's sons Avas Hon. Judson Holcomb, of Towanda. The first school was taught in the summer of 1S07 by Miss Delight Spalding. The patrons of this school Avere Jeremiah Taylor, Benjamin Saxton, Scovil Bailey, Ezra Bailey, David Bailey, Thomas Bailey, Uriah Baxter and Oliver Nelson. The last and Benjamin Saxton came that year. There Avere fifteen pupils in the school, embracing a terri tory of about three miles square. Lewis Moffit left, and Benjamin Saxton settled on his place. The latter, who Avas the first blacksmith, soon built his shop and went to Avork. Nelson settled on the John Vrooman farm. This was the total for Granville for some yeare — all were old New England acquaintances. From 1807 there were but few additions to the settlement, but about this time a change was made in the road from Sugar creek to Towanda creek; commencing from near the present road from West Burlington to Granville and Le Roy, which crossed Sugar creek at Goddard's sawmill (the gristmill was added several years after); the road then ran further up the hill south and further north on the side of the hill, and intersected the present road near George Shattuck's, then continued near the same to Bailey's, and then crossed the North branch and ran south near the present road until it intersected the " Taylor road, " about a mile from Towanda creek. The first religious Avave struck Granville in 1805, when Jeremiah Taylor and wife joined the Baptist Church on Towanda creek. Under Elder Thomas Smiley a church was built on this creek. It was this Elder Smiley that was visited at night, and tarred and feathered by the Connecticut land claimants. They took him away from his house and greatly maltreated him. Of this circumstance a contemporary account says: "The men came from the north country" (this probably means Athens or Tioga Point), " rode fast horses and had fierce counte nances." About 1810 the Methodists had preaching appointments in this section, and did organize a society in the settlement, and had two 462 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. revival meetings, and showed some activity until 1856, when it all ceased. The next year, 1811, a road Avas opened from Towanda creek (now West Franklin) to Irad Wilson's, near Alba borough — eleven miles. On this road the settlers began to build and remove from the first houses along the stream. During this year new comers arrived, among others, Philip Packard, Abraham Parkhurst and Charles Butter- field; Packard settled the farm afterward Joseph Pratt's, Parkhurst at Bailey's old place, and Scovil Bailey where David Bailey had settled. During the years 1812-15 a draft was ordered in the State, and Ezra Bailey was drafted from his township ; he went to headquarters, but was soon allowed to return home again, discharged. In the winter of 1814-15 an epidemic prevailed in the settlement, and Abraham Parkhurst and his two sons, Luther and Asa, died. Mr. Parkhurst had believed in his ability to hold converse with departed friends, which was the earliest case of spiritualism in the county, no doubt. In 1816 there was the severe frost, in August, that in all parts of the county destroyed corn, and a famine among the people Avas threatened. A small supply was had by going to Lycoming creek- then called Egypt. The first frame barn was built in Granville in 1815, by Jeremiah Taylor; the first frame dwelling, in 1819, by Jeremiah Taylor, Jr., and the next year the latter built a small gristmill, which could grind only a little corn. In this some time afterward a turning-lathe was erected, and a chair-wheel factory was carried on for some time by Nathaniel Phelps. Afterward Jeremiah Taylor, Jr.. built a saw and grist mill which did a good business until the early "sixties." There Avas quite an influx of settlers in 1817, among others being John Putnam, Alvord Churchill, John Pratt, Josiah Vrooman and David Ross. About this time a new settlement commenced about three miles from " Centre " on what was called the " Windfall," where the timber had been bloAvn down by a hurricane and then burned over, it is sup posed by hunters. The first here were Abijah Ayers, Zoroaster Porter, Mr. Avery, Packard, Clark, Chesley, Shoemaker and Ferguson. These people soon erected a log school and church house in one, and Elders Pentacost, Sweet and Asa Dodge preached therein, and in a few years these people erected the "Union Meeting House," where five or six denominations held meetings. In 1828, through the exertions of Gen. Samuel McKean, then a member of Congress from this district, a mail route was established through this settlement from East Burlington to Alba, pony mail, once a week, and in 1829 a postoffice was established in the'settlement, called "North Branch." At the February court, 1831, Granville was set off from parts of Canton, Troy, Burlington and Franklin. This Avas hotly opposed by many good people ; howeA'er, it prevailed, and the name of the post- office Avas at once changed to Granville. The township is eight miles long, east and west, four and three-quarter miles in Avidth on the west, and three and a half miles on the east. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 463 A Disciple Church Avas organized in 1832, called "Disciples of Christ," through the efforts of Dr. Silas E. Shepherd, of Troy. This church greAv in a few years to a congregation of 120 ; when through dissensions it ceased. It was revived, however, in 1862, and regained its former vigor. The first public-house was opened in 1849 by Levi Taylor, and about the same time B. F. and L. D. Taylor opened the first store in the township. In 1852 public-houses for the sale of liquor Avere all closed by the vigorous action of the " Sons of Temperance," then first organized. In 1852, on the building of the Elmira & Williamsport Railroad, " Summit depot" and postoffice were established — called " Summit," because it is the highest place on the road. At this time Albert and Wilson Nichols came from New York and bought large tracts of land, and erected a large steam sawmill. In 1856 a large and commodious church Avas built at Granville Centre, dedicated as a " Christian Church," and had a bell on it to ring out to the good people " Come, let us worship God ! " In a few years two other churches were erected in the western Dart of the township— a Disciple Church and a Free Will Baptist Church. A large tannery was built at Centre ; the builder failed, and it was purchased by C. G. E. Martin, who successfully operated it until his death, November 14, 1862. In 1865 it was purchased by Adam Innes. In 1865 a postoffice with a daily mail Avas established at Granville Centre, daily, except Sunday. The Innes tanneries at this place, Can ton and Grover, were among the most important and flourishing in the county. Granville Centre is near the center of the township, and once had considerable trade. Granville Summit is a station on the railroad in the northwest corner of the township. CHAPTER XXXIV- HERRICK TOWNSHIP. THIS township Avas organized in December, 1837, and was named in honor of Judge Edward Herrick. In it are the little hamlets of Herrick, Ballibay, Birney and Herrick ville. Zopher Piatt and his son, Nathaniel, settled in East Herrick about 1813. . The next settler was Fredus Reed, who came Avith his wife, who was a daughter of Asa Mattson. He was a dish-turner by trade, and came to Herrick and put up his lathe in the year 1811. . Asa Mattson, with his family, came in 1813. His wife was a tailoress, and cut and made garments for the people around. ... A man named Townsend built the third house in the township, in 1816, east of Herrickville. The same year a blacksmith, named Haywood, set- 464 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. tied near Townsend. . Elihu Buttles, a Methodist preacher and dish-turner, came in 1818. He Avrote back to his old home and induced Isaac Park to come. The latter Avas a tanner and learned his trade Avith the Bolleses, a numerous family in Herrick township. The first clearing in the forest between Park's place and Camp town, was made on the Hiram Camp farm, by Mr. Park and Robert De Pue in 1821. . James Hihes came in 1818 and settled on the Widow Piatt farm. . Calvin Stone came in 1820 and settled on the W. W. Haywood farm. . In 1825 Reuben Atwood set tled in East Herrick. . In 1822 Charles Squires settled on the farm now occupied by his son, Penbroke S. . The same year Isaac Camp built a sawmill and house, whither he moved his family in 1825. . Albert Camp settled near his father, and Lacy Camp made a small improvement where is now the Crawford farm. Deacon Charles Stevens, Micajah Slocum, Ezekiel Mintz, Daniel Durran, Adam Overpeck came in 1824. . Nathan B. Whitman came in 1828, and settled on the Ephraim Piatt farm. Ballibay Settlement was begun in 1826, and the early settlers Avere William Nesbit, Nathaniel Nesbit, Alexander Dougherty, James Lee, James Wood, William Hillis and Richard Hillis. They Avere all natives of Ballybay, Ireland. The first white child born here is supposed to have been one of Charles Squires'. . The first death, Avas that of Daniel Durran, and the first Avedding was that of Mathew Wilding and Lydia M. Camp, in 1829. . The first school Avas taught in the first school- house, built in 1829. . The Baptists had the first religious services, at the house of Mr. Durran. Herrickville. — The first merchant here was L. II. Bronson, in 1847. The place has two stores, a planing mill, built in the "fifties," and a Union church building. Hon. George Landon is among the early settlers of Herrick. He came, a Methodist preacher from Boston, Avhere from much pulpit and rostrum talking his throat had given out, and he was compelled to flee from the city and go west, coining to Herrick for a short visit to a relative; this resulted in his purchasing the farm, Avhere he has since lived. This man started in life a poor boy, and by his oAvn efforts forged his way through college and, until his voice failed him, was rapidly extending his fame as a lecturer and orator. He settled on his farm and labored afield, regained his health, and in the exciting times of war he was called upon often to address the people on the current topics of the day. Pie was twice elected to the State Senate, and for some years his reputation as a popular orator brought him to the front rank of the most eminent men of the Commonwealth. It is little or no disparagement to the living eminent men of the county when the writer asserts that he regards Mr. Landon as one of the strongest and brightest men, intellectually, he has met in this part of the State. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 465 CHAPTER XXXV. LEROY TOWNSHIP. CG. OAKLEY is reported to have settled in LeRoy about the year 1800, on Towanda creek, at Avhat is called LeRoy corners. He is regarded as the first settler, though this is not very positive. The brothers Hugh and Sterling Holcomb it is known came about the same time, and some say they were before Oakley ; they came from old Sheshequin, as Ulster was then called, and also settled near the corners on what has always been known as the " Holcomb farms." In 1850, the following is authentically given as the settlements in LeRoy : At the east end of the township, William Cole, Isaac and David Wooster, Isaac Chaapel and Seeley Crofut, George Head, Jesse Morse, Hugh Holcomb, Sterling Holcomb, Stephen Wilcox, Mr. Granger, Joseph Wallis, Daniel Ingram, William Hinman, William Hays, Mr. Cobb, Mr. Knight, Mr. Segar and David Andrus. This constitutes a full list of the first settlers, and the particular locations of the original arrivals can be generally fixed by the residences of their descendants. It is said the first school was taught in the house of Sterling Holcomb, but just Avho the first teacher Avas is not known. Elder Thomas Smiley was chiefly instrumental in organizing the first church. He lived near where is now the Baptist Church. Elder Smiley soon after left the county; he was a vigorous Baptist preacher. Among other names associated with this church are those of Elder N. H. Ripley and Levi Baldwin. LeRoy was set off from Canton and Franklin townships, and first elections were at LeRoy Corners, embracing about eight miles in length; the division line ran near Davis VanDyke's. In 1812 Hugh Holcomb built the first sawmill on the small stream at LeRoy Corners. About 1840 the same man built a grist and saAvmill on the main stream. In 1840 the Disciple Church Avas organized at the Corners by members of the church from Granville Centre, and in 1851 they erected their house of worship, naming it " Christian Church," and in the course of time put a bell on it. In 1855 the Baptists built their church at LeRoy Corners,and shortly after this the Methodists built theirchurch in the western part of the township. . Soon after this a public- house for the sale of liquor was opened at LeRoy Corners by P. Morse. . The first store was by Samuel Bailey, and thus the Corners became the leading and most active village or hamlet, rather, in the township. 1867 " Gazeteer " writing to the Northern Tier-Gazette, of Troy, says : " It has become a matter of notoriety that mountainous western Bradford has become noted for its quantity and quality of butter, as well as the productions of its soil, and our hills and valleys are being prospected by men haA'ing ample means." It is needless to say, at 466 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. this day, that this industry is still prosperous, and Bradford county butter has wide and merited reputation. In 1818 a settlement was commenced on the south side of Towanda creek, and among the settlers Avere Alpheus Holcomb, Buckley Chaapel, Eli Holcomb, Isaac Parkhurst, Ansel Tillotson, Samuel Hoagland, Benjamin Stone, Orison Royce, Thomas Harris, Isaac Wil cox, Amos Bennett and Esau Bagley. In 1823 a road was opened, commencing near Nathan Tabor's in Canton township; and running on the south side of Towanda creek to W. B. Spalding's, in Franklin township. It was surveyed by Howard Spalding, of Troy. On this road, nearly opposite LeRoy Corners, Eli Holcomb built a log gristmill, in 1823, on a small stream having its head in a large swamp of about forty acres on Towanda mountain. He built a dam at the outlet of this lake, about sixteen feet high. This log building Avas torn away, and he built a frame in its place with two run of stone. In the year 1848 the Millerites had preached the sure coming of the end of the world ; some believed, some shrugged their shoulders, Avhile others laughed outright at the nonsense. But one dark and dis mal night, after it had rained and rained for days, and the sun had quit shining, and at the hour of night when graveyards are wont to yaAvn, the inhabitants in the vicinity of the mill were startled from their slumbers by an awful rumbling, roaring and quaking — the brav est said " hurricane ! " some said " earthquake ! " and others said, " put on your ascension robes." Some got up and hurriedly dressed, others fled to their storm cellars, and others thought just as well to die in bed. But after matters had quieted a little, the boldest ventured to see what was up, and they found the dam had given way, and the waters were pouring doAvn the mountain side, carrying all before them; great rocks and trees were carried headlong in the aAvful rush ojE waters. The foundations of the mill were washed out, the building swung around, and Avas whelmed in the stream, some cattle and prop erty Avere lost, but no human lives. The mill and dam were rebuilt. . . . In 1856 Mr. Mott built his tannery near the mill. LeRoy is the principal village in the township, and has tAvo large country stores, two small concerns, and a church. It is on the Towanda and Canton road. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTV. 467 CHAPTER XXXVI LITCHFIELD TOWNSHIP. THIS was made a township in 1821 ; taken from Athens, adjoining it on the east, and its northern line is the State line ; its western line is Windham, and on the south is Rome and Sheshequin. Surface broken and high table land mostly, and its largest valley is along the Susquehanna river, which touches its northwestern border. Thomas Park, who was the first settler, built his house on the river bank,, in 1800, near the State line. This man, faithful to the best pioneer precepts, had a jolly household of children : Daniel, Samuel, James, Amos, Joseph, Elijah, Benjamin, Sally, Mary, Elizabeth and Susanna, by the first wife; and by his second wife he had three chil dren. His son, James, was the first white child born in the township. Two years after Park's arrival, 1803, came Eleazer Merrill and his son, Hiram ; first stopping at the Shoonover place, and next February he built and moved into his log cabin, where he permanently remained. Mr. Merrill reported that, in addition to Parks, he found here, on his arrival, a man named William Drown, who, soon after his arrival, perished in a snow storm. Hiram Merrill made his farm in the south east portion of the township. So wild Avas the country, for a long time, that one of the Merrill children, about three years old, was lost and was not found, though hundreds were hunting, for forty -eight hours. Solomon Merrill, brother of Eleazer, came in 1806 and settled the Shoonover place, but only lived on it about three years, then went to New York, but in time returned and bought the Thomas McAfee place. In 1805 Silas Wolcott came from Ithaca, and settled on the Satterlee creek, and for two years operated the Satterlee mill, when he purchased of Park and improved the Wolcott farm. Thomas Munn married Molly Wolcott, who bore him twelve sons and one daughter, all of whom grew to maturity. Mr. Munn settled the Herman Morse farm. . Josiah White was the next, coming in 1808, when eighteen years old. He served in the War of 181 2-15. He cleared a large farm and became a prominent citizen. Two brothers, Ruloff and Samuel Campbell, had preceded this White, coming in 1807. Samuel settled on the Ro wen Munn farm, where he built a sawmill, the first in the township. Daniel Bush, an early settler, built the first gristmill in Cotton Hol low, near David McKinney's. . There were four of the McKinney boys who came soon after White — Harry, Joseph, David and Samuel. . About the same time came George Headlock. It is supposed Alsop Baldwin came about 1807, and improved the farm where he died an old man, and the farm passed to his daughter, Mrs. Evans, in 1873. . Samuel Ball came near the same time as 468 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. White. . Christopher and Doane Shoonover settled near Mr. Park's. . Henry McKinney settled in the township in 1824; pur chased Mrs. Hewlett's farm. His sons, John, Ira, Lewis, Samuel and Benoni, came with him. James Brown and William Loomis were early settlers, as were John Moore and Joseph Greek. . William Cotton came when a lad, and lived in the township over seventy years. . Peter Turner and Richard Struble were early settlers. . Zenas Cleveland came in 1816, and lived to be ninety-four years of age — poor, blind and bed ridden, many years before he died — a soldier in the War of 1812-15. It was for this Cleveland family that Cleveland, Ohio, was named. With Cleveland came Nathaniel Hotchkiss, Joseph Nichols and Russell Marsh, Avho settled Litchfield, in 1816, and soon after, Paul Apgar settled near them and opened a blacksmith shop. . At South Hill, John Moore was the first settler. . Absalom Adams came to Avhat is now Litchfield soon after Apgar started his blacksmith shop. John Marks, Neff, Tappan and Beach were early comers. . Orsan Carner, a preacher, came in 1823, and settled the Henry Brink place. There are two gristmills in the township: A. C. Hunt's, on the Wappasening, and Snell's, in Cotton Hollow, and at both Litchfield and at South Litchfield is a store. For thirty years the increase of population has been no more than the natural increase from births. CHAPTER XXXVII. MONROE TOWNSHIP-MONROE BOROUGH. PRIOR to the Wyoming battle, on the Towanda flats, Jacob BoAvman had moved near Mr. Fox, Avhile Capt. John Bartles had settled, or at least made a pitch, above them toAvard Monroeton, and probably John Neeley at Greenwood. John Neeley had taken possession of the tract of land above Mr. Fox, at Greenwood, and Avas probably there at .this time, and aided Mr. Fox in his emigration. The Strickland family settled on the Cole place at an early day. The first grave at Cole's, as shown by the inscription on the headstone, Avas that of "Hannah Strickland," whose death occurred January 24, 1791, at the age of eighteeen months and two days. Noadiah Cranmer, born in New Jersey, August 26, 1736, located on lands east of those of his son John's, now included in the " Hinman property." Usual Carter, a warm friend of Samuel Cranmer, came to Monroe before 1796; located on lands now included within the borough limits, and built his house near the residence of H. C. Tracy. . Peter Edsall and the Millers —Daniel, Shadrach, Jacob, William and Moses- migrated to Monroe at about the same time as did the Carter family. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 469 John Neeley purchased a tract occupied by Mrs. Brown and others at Greenwood. It is stated that, " as early as 1787 he came on and had his land surveyed and made arrangements preparatory to settlement. Undertaking to swim a horse across the river at. the mouth of Towanda creek, he was drowned in Bowman's eddy. . Timothy Alden came to Monroe in 1800. He was a blacksmith, and Avorked at his trade for some time after coming into Monroe. In 1827 he built the stone house yet standing on the place where he settled. The Northrups came to Monroe before the year 1800, and Nehe- miah was a property' owner in Athens at or before the year 1795. John and James, like Bijah, were " watermen," and employes of the Meanses for some years before becoming land owners. . Henry Salis bury was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and lost his right arm, with a wound in his left hand, at the surrender of Cornwallis. He migrated when his son Henry was seventeen years old, which would make his advent into Monroe in the year 1797. His purchase included the land held by the Coles, and his house, the, largest in the neighborhood, stood near the public road between Samuel Cole's and the watering- trough. John Schrader came to Greenwood and settled where the tannery noAV is, soon after Dougherty, perhaps as early as 1801-2. Daniel Heverly, a native of Lehigh county, came to Greenwood in 1806, and remained there until 1810, Avhen he and his sons moved into Overton, being the first settlers there. . James Lewis came to Mon roe prior to 1806, and settled the Shultz place. . Reed Brockaway Avas an inhabitant of the township for a short time, as early as 1800. Abner C. Rockwell, a native of East Windsor, Conn., born May 4, 1783, migrated to Monroe not far from the year 1800. . James Law rence, born February 15, 1814, was associated Avith Wm. II. H. Brown in the mercantile business at Monroeton for about twenty years. After the dissolution of the firm he purchased Park's mills, now Rockwell Bridge mills, which he operated until the time of his death — Novem ber 21, 1875. . Rev. Elisha Cole, born August 15, 1769, came to Mon roe in about 1810-11. Jared Woodruff, born August 14, 1789, made a trip to the West a-foot and alone in 1812 or '13. With no particular point in view he drifted into Monroe, and after having lived there for a short time, a brother, Urial, came in, and they purchased the improve ments which had been made by John Northrup. Timothy Alden came from Otis, Berkshire Co., Mass., to Monroe in 1801. . . Andrew Irving settled in Monroe as early as 1812, and induced his brother George to come also from Northampton county, their former home. Andrew was a tanner, and had a tannery in the town. Soon after Andrew and George came, their brother, Welch Irving also came. . . Noadiah Cranmer came to Monroe from Sussex county, N. J., at an early day. He owned the property where the village stands, and up as far as Mason's Mills. His sons, John and Samuel, had log houses and improvements. The father was an old man of about eighty years when he came into the country, and he lived alone. He Avas the ancestor of a large and important family in 470 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the township, who have been identified with its history and interested in its progress from the beginning. Peter Edsall came in before 1800, and lived next above Mr. Cranmer. The Tabors were in the town in 1800, and lived on the old Scott place. . . Mrs. Pladnor lived on the property owned by Joseph Homet, in Monroeton, the house being near Mr. Brown's, in 1800. The father of Nelson Gilbert moved up the creek in 1813, and lived in one end of a double log house, the other being occupied by William Dougherty. . . John Schrader was a Hessian soldier, who Avas one of thirty who deserted the British army at the battle of Trenton, joined the American ranks, and remained in the service until the close of the war. Then lived for a time at Milton, Northumberland county, and finally settled on the lower end of the flats just below Greenwood, Avhere he died at an advanced age. . James Lewis settled above Schrader's. He had been a captiAre to the Indians in the last French-Indian war, being then tAvelve years of age. After the conclusion of peace he was returned to his parents. He first settled in Wysox, where he owned land on the Little Wysox, and built what were afterAvard known as Hinman's mills, he having sold to John Hinman, Dec. 13, 1793, and moved into Monroe, his house standing nearly on the site of the present Green wood cottage. Amos V. Matthews was among the early settlers on the Schrader branch. Vincent A. Matthews built a tavern in Avhat is known as Northrup Hollow, on the farm now occupied by Nathan Northrup. Henry Salisbury was an early settler in the lower part of the township, on the farm now occupied by Salisbury Cole. . Elijah Head moved out on pack-horses, and settled on what was afterward knoAvn as the Daniel Bowman place. . Jared Woodruff was early in Monroe, and a pioneer on the hill east of the village. John D. Sanders, a native of Maryland, came to Monroe in about 1802-3, and settled the Ridgeway place. . Daniel Gilbert set tled at Greenwood in 1812 or '13. He was a son of Samuel Gil bert, a native of Connecticut, who migrated to Pennsyh'ania in about 1790. . Wjlliam French, or "Bill French," as he was more com monly known, came in from the East as early as 1813, and settled on the hills above Monroeton, near the Franklin line. . The Hewitts were lumbermen. They came to Monroe before 1813, and had a mill in operation at Masontown for several years, and did quite an extensive business. . Thomas Cox was an early settler, and for a time he lived Avithin the limits of Monroeton, then moved to the hills back of the village, in ToAvanda township, where he died. He married Susan, daughter of Usual Carter. U. M. Cox and Mrs. Nathan Northrup are children, and reside in the toAvnship. Charles Brown came to the township and settled the Philo Mingos place, before 1813. . Edsall Carr was an inhabitant of Monroe in 1813. . Job Irish was an early settler. . George Arnout came in 1816, and purchased with his son, Jacob, the farm generally known as the "Salisbury place." . Simeon Bristol, or " Uncle Sim Bristol," as he was familiarly called, Avas among the more interesting char acters of Monroe, not far from 1818. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 471 Among the names of those contained in the first assessment of Monroe (1821) are the following : James Crooks, William Day, Abra ham Hess, John and Norman Stone, Solomon Tallady, Daniel Lyon. Libeus Marcy, a native of Connecticut, migrated to Monroe in 1822. . Thomas LeAvis, or " Uncle Tommy LeAvis," as he was more generally known, a native of Lebanon county, Pa., came to Monroe in 1822 from McKunesville. . Dr. Benoni Mandeville, a native of Granby, Mass., came to Bradford county in 1813, at first settling in Orwell township, where he practiced his profession, and preached for a time. In 1822 he came to Monroe, and purchased what is now the W. W. Decker property. Elizer Sweet, a native of Rhode Island, born July 9, 1778, found his Avay into Pennsylvania not far from the year 1800. In 1825, the following were assessed in Monroe : Adam Beam, Samuel Campbell, Marcus Campbell, Sherman Havens and William Cox ; in 1826, William Black, clothier and spinner ; in 1827, Joseph Ingham and John Black, both clothiers ; in 1828, Orrin Galpin ; in 1829, Gashun Harris, George A. McClen ; in 1830, Clark Cummings, Moses Coolbaugh, Joseph Griggs, Elisha Harris, John E. Ingham (physician); in 1831, Fisher and Wilson, merchants; in 1832, Francis Bull, John Gale, Harrison & Warford (merchants) ; in 1833, Thos. T. Smiley; in 1834, Joab Summers, John Campbell (miller), D. M. Bull ; in 1835, Nicholas Wanck, Jeremiah Hollon, Elijah Horton ; in 1838, James Blauvelt and Coonrad Mingos. Joseph Griggs, a native of Windham, Conn., came to the township in 1830. . Dr. John Ellicott Ingham, whose father was one of the first settlers in Sugar Run, after having graduated in medicine, located at Monroe in 1830. . John Gale, a native of Orange county, N. Y., and grandson of Selah Arnout, became a permanent resident in the town in 1832. . Joah Summers settled at Liberty Corners in 1834. Liberty Corners has one store and a postoffice. The place was formerly called " Hollon Hill." Northrup Hollon was named after Nathan Northrup — the name also of a beautiful valley in Monroe. Weston is a station on the railroad, made notable by the coal-oil excitement of 1884, Avhen. a company was formed, and a well put down 1,805 feet ; they found sand, rock and greasy odors, but no oil. Masontown is really a continuation of Monroeton along the high way. Here are the Salisbury Mills. Greenwood is two miles, on the Canton road, beyond Monroeton. The Barclay road passes through it. It Avas platted by E. T. Park in 1884, on the old Higby place, and has 327 acres in the plat ; 35 acres were sold out in lots. Adjoining this plat is a portion of the village and the hotel. In 1800 William Dougherty kept a house of entertain ment here ; sold to Jacob Bowman, who in turn sold to David Gilbert. Greenwood Tannery, by Thomas E. Procter and Jonathan Hill. They have seventy-five acres of ground connected with the plant, own 15,000 acres of timber land in Bradford and Sullivan counties, also contracts for the bark on 11,000 acres at the Foot of Plane, and have 10,000 cords of bark on hand. There is but one larger plant of the 472 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. kind in the Avorld — the one at Ralston, Pa. They have 458 tan vats, 13 coolers, each 8 feet deep and 8 feet in diameter; 16 leaches that Avill hold 16 tons of ground bark each; employ 100 men in the tannery and 50 men all the time in the Avoods ; ship 3 car-loads of leather a week ; their supply of hides, known as the African buffalo hide, comes from Calcutta, and the exclusive make is sole leather. They consume 12,000 tons of bark a year. G. B. Griswold, is bookkeeper and cashier ; M. E. Sarvay is mercantile manager. The tannery Avas established, in 1867, by ToAvanda parties, with a capacity of 25,000 hides a year. In 1881, it was purchased by the present proprietors, and enlarged to its present capacity. Connected Avith the tannery is a general store which does a large trade. MONROE BOROUGH. Monroeton, Avhich is at the junction of the Barclay Railroad and State Line & Sullivan Railroad, is an important shipping point. The town originally commenced to grow at the time of the building of the turnpike in 1819. In 1820 a number of mills Avere started, and at one time fourteen of these were in the township. The trade reached its highest mark in 1844, and practically ceased in 1859. Matters stood stationary until 1871. the time of the building of the State Line & Sullivan Railroad. The village was plotted in 1828 by G. F. Mason, and was made a borough in May, 1855; in its limits are about 250 acres, once the property of Timothy Pickering. In 1840. E. F. Young built a foundry and machine shop; swept away July 19, 1850; rebuilt the next year. The foundry at that place Avas joined to the ToAvanda foundry in 1871. In 1882 it became the property of Rockwell & Cranmer. Monroe Manufacturing Company was established in April, 1885, by O. M. Brock, H. M. Mullen and E. F. Fowler; they manufacture lumber, nail-kegs, lath, etc. In 1888 it Avas sold to an incorporated company, and in 1890 began making to3rs, etc. They employ about 200 men. Their entire product is completed in the factory. The first officers of Monroe borough were : Burgess, W. H. H. Brown ; council, H. S. Phinney, E. B. Coolbaugh, Anthony Mullen, D, L. Lyon, John Hanson, Abraham Fox; secretary, L. L. Terwilliger; treasurer, C. M. Knapp. The present officers are: J. T. Sweet, burgess ; council, Bernard A. Cranmer. F. H. Dodge, G. H. Smally, Thomas Ackley, Henry Walborn, J. A. De Voe ; clerk, Hobart N. Mullen. Monroeton has the following industries: Two drug stores, two hard ware stores, four dry goods and groceries, one coai dealer and one meat market. Col. Rogers FoAvier erected a sawmill and gristmill in 1803, on the creek, at Monroe, and Anthony Vanderpool built, some time before this date, a little log tub-mill, which Avas the first mill in all this country. In 1800, Dougherty and Needham built the first mill at Greenwood. "King Pool" built a gristmill, Avith a single run of stone, at Monroe, several years before the Fowlers came. Jacob Bowman built the first frame house in the toAvnship. There were twelve distilleries Avithin four miles of Bowman's; among them, Reu ben Hale's, Thompson's, Ebenezer Tuttle's, Means' Widow Pladnor's, Stephen Wilcox's, Joseph Wallace's, and Johnson's, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 473 CHAPTER XXXVIII. ORWELL TOWNSHIP. IN April, 1801, the council of Luzerne county appointed Ezekiel Hyde, Josiah Grant and William Spalding, commissioners, to erect a township embracing this territory: " From the fifty-second mile stone, on the north line of the county; thence south twelve miles, fifty-one chains and fifty links to the south line of Tioga district; thence east eleven miles; thence north twelve miles; thence west 11 miles to the point of commencement." The report was approved and the new township was called " Mount Ziou." In April, 1802, on peti tion of E. Coburn and others, the name Avas changed to Orwell. The first settlement in OrAveli township, as it is now, was in 1796, near Ransom's corner, by Francis Mesusan and David Russell. The following year they Avere joined by Asahel Johnson, Josiah Grant and Samuel Wells. Daniel Russell lived just below the forks of the road from Rome to Orwell hill, on the place occupied by his grandson, Stephen Russell. Edward Gridley occupied the Mesusan place. Mr. Russell was born in Tolland county, Conn., September 26, 1770; was married November 21, 1791, to Polly Chubbuck, and came to Orwell in 1794, on the Wysox creek, where he made a clearing and a farm, and reared a family of eleven children — five sons and six daughters. He made the clearing in 1794 and 1795, but lived at Sheshequin a year, until the summer of 1796, where his second daughter was born. Two brothers of his wife, Ebenezer and Nathanial Chubbuck, came and settled near him afterward; the latter had ten sons and two daughters. His children, with one exception who died single, were all married and settled Avithin five miles of his homestead. They in turn cleared away the forests and reared families-, until the number of his posterity had in his life-time become more than one hundred souls. Asahel Johnson and Zenas Cook came first to Sheshequin in the winter of 1795-96, and made that settlement their headquarters while they explored the country for a location. They made their selection in Orwell, Mr. Johnson purchasing on Towner hill. Their report was so flattering, several of their neighbors determined to come also ; a company was formed, and Marks and Cook were sent to view the land more thoroughly. Their report being favorable, the company pur chased the township, which was to be divided among its members. Mr. Johnson remained a year at Sheshequin, and came into Orwell permanently in 1797. The town was six miles square, and was called Menden; Mr. Johnson owned 3,000 acres. He lived where Albert Conklin now lives, and his brother Truman, who came in 1796, lived on the farm now owned by Albert Allen and Lewis Darling. His brother William lived where Zebulon Frisbie lives, The family came from Burlington, LitcbfleW Co-? Conn, 474 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY Capt. Josiah Grant settled in the town in 1798, from Vermont. He was a captain in the Continental army during the Revolutionary War, serving under Col. Ethan Allen, whose cousin he was, in his brigade of "Green Mountain Boys." Capt. Grant lived about one hundred rods Avest of the present site of the Presbyterian church in Orwell. . . Samuel Wells, Avho married a sister of Asahel Johnson, came from Burlington, Vt., and settled on the farm just south of Johnson, in 1799. His eldest son, Theron, now owns the property. Capt. Samuel Woodruff came also in 1799 ; a Revolutionary soldier from Litchfield, Conn. He was a brother of Capt. Grant's wife, and had four children, Nathaniel, Benjamin, Clarissa, and another daughter, who married Adarine Manville, one of the early settlers of Orwell. Clarissa married Dr. Seth BarstoAv, who settled on the Pool place in Wysox. Capt. Woodruff settled on the farm occupied by Josiah Newell. He sold to Josiah Grant., Jr., whose daughter married James, the father of Josiah Newell. Capt. Woodruff then went to reside with his daughter, Mrs. Barstow, and died there. Levi Frisbie came to Orwell from Bristol, Conn, in February, 1800. His wife was the daughter of Aaron Gaylord, who was slain in the battle of Wyoming. After the battle the widowed mother with her three children Avent back to Connecticut, where Levi was married to her eldest daughter. Levi Frisbie, Richard Marks, Asahel Johnson, Will iam Johnson, Truman Johnson, Zenas Cook, Asa Upson, and perhaps one or two others, formed the company, Avhich, at the solicitation of Col. Ezekiel Hyde and Elisha Tracy, agents for the first Delaware company, purchased of these agents a township of land six miles square, extending north and east from the present Orwell. Mr. Frisbie came on the place where the Hon. Zebulon Frisbie resided. There had been a small clearing of some tAvo or three acres made, and a log house rolled up by Deacon William Johnson, Avho had removed into Pike. This log house stood a few rods from the residence of Z. Frisbie. Levi Frisbie Avas born in Bristol, Conn., January 31, 1758, and died October 5, 1842. He married Phebe Gaylord, who was born in Bristol, Conn., November 19, 1769 ; married December 20, 1786 ; removed to Orwell, Pa., 1800; she died October 5, 1851. They had six children, Chauncey, Laura, Catharine, a son Avho died in infancy, Levi, and Zebulon. Chauncey, married Chloe Howard, and after her decease married Eliza, relict of Dudley Humphrey, M. D., and died May 4, 1864. In 1801, Theron Darling'and his father Abel, John Pierce, and Alpheus Choat came in. Col. Darling was from Litchfield, Conn., and Mr. Pierce and Mr. Choat from Vermont. Mr. Pierce's wife Avas a sister of Mrs. Josiah Grant. They lived where formerly was the Gridley farm, and left about 1804-5, and went to near Owego, N. Y. Mr. Choat married a daughter of Mr. Pierce, and subsequently moved into Wysox. Joel Barnes came Avith Levi Frisbie from Massachusetts, and settled near Mr. Eastman. He married a daughter of Capt. Grant, and died in Orwell. . Deacon William Ranney settled where Mr. Payson lives, and Lebbeus Roberts on the Woodruff corners, in 1802, Capt. John Grant was a brother to Capt. Josiah, and came to -$y £*<991-U&£ O^^i -J ^^L- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 477 Orwell about 1804—5, and looated on the farm of Carlos Chubbuck, about three-fourths of a mile from Orwell hill. Zenas Cook looated a farm in the hollow in whioh Potterville is noAv situated, but abandoned it after finding his claim was worthless. Joel Cook, a brother, came to Orwell after 1800. His father, Joel Cook, Avas a soldier for three years in the Revolution, and Avas at the siege of Mud Island, and in the battle of Germantown. He and his son, Uri, came to Orwell in 1S14, and settled on the farm adjoining his son Joel's. A daughter married Truman Johnson . . . Nathaniel Chubbuck Avas the first of his family Avho came to northern Pennsylvania. He Avas born in Tolland county, Conn., and came from there to Orwell, in the summer of 1811, and purchased the possession-right of 300 acres on Wysox oreek ; on a portion of Avhich lie resided until his death, and a portion of Avhioh tract is owned by his son, L. S. Chubbuck. The pur chase Avas made of William Keeler Oct. 2, 1S11. Nathaniel returned to Connecticut, and on January, 28, 1812, married Hannah Lovet, and at once proceeded to his new home Avith her. His brother, Aaron Chub buck, came to Orwell two years later, in t lie Avinter, traveling the whole distance Avith oxen and sled. He located on the creek about a mile beloAV Nathaniel's, on land adjoining Dan Russell, where he resided until about 1854. He Avas appointed a justice of the peace in 1S19. The father of these tAvo gentlemen, Nathaniel Chubbuck, Avith his Avife, Ohloe, and a daughter ofthe same name (since the wife of Levi Frisbie), came from Ellington, Tolland Co., Conn., in the spring of 1818, and selected several hundred acres on the hills of Orwell, in preference t6 lands in Wvsox, now owned bv the Piollets. On October 10, 1S03. Revs." Seth AVillotson and James M. Wood- Avord, under direction of the Connecticut Missionary Society, organized a church" at the house of Lebbeus Roberts, on "the Robert's corners" [any cross-roads at that time were called " corners"]. This was named the Church of Orwell, but afterward Avas moved to Le Rays- A'ille. and became the Church of Pike, and Rev. Benoni MandeATille Avas pastor from 1S12 to 1814. The first justice of the peace in Orwell township Avas Jarvis Buttles, appointed by the governor, and, as recited. " to have and to hold so long as you behave yourself well." He was postmaster over forty years at South Hill, ami since it was opened the office has been in the Buttles family. Among the " old boys" of this to Avnship is yet living a man who split 200 rails to secure his marriage license, and avIio is the living testimony that marriage is not a failure. . The first couple married in the township Avere Archibald Coleman and Miss Walker. The three-story wooden school building in Orwell Avas built by subscription in 1859 or '60, at the time Avith a hall above for public meetings, shows, etc. One room in second story for school, and resi dences below. It was sold at public sale, and now is the property of Daniel Dimmiok : center room for school, and upper hall for exhibi tions ; two graded rooms in school. . Orwell township has five post- offices and four villages. Orwell village has two stores, hardware, and grocery, an incorpo- S8 478 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. rated public library, tin, blacksmith and wagon shops. . Pot tersville has tAvo stores, one gristmill and one saw and planing mill. The gristmill is owned by E. & C. Workhiser, and the sawmill is owned by D. F. Barstow. . North Orwell has two stores and a cream ery. . Aliis Hollow has two stores. Orwell Hill had some important industries established as early as 1839. The big "black building" Avas built that year by Hezekiah Dunham, a carpenter, as a distillery and feed-mill. In 1840 one room was used for a school. Then a tannery was built and a shoe and trunk factory started. Mrs. Maynard's present dwelling Avas built for a tavern, and ran several years; a carding-mill and bedstead factory were built " up the hill." CHAPTER XXXIX. OVERTON TOWNSHIP. THIS township was named in honor of Hon. EdAvard Overton, and is separated from Barclay by the Schraeder branch of Towanda creek. This stream Avith its small tributaries is the chief drainage. The north portion of the township is mountainous. The settlers are mostly of German and Irish descent, noted for their industry and frugality, and their farms, once covered with trees, stumps and stones, are now smooth and well-cult iArated fields. Much lumbering is carried on in the northeastern part, Avhere were built the Means and Mercur extensive sawmills. Immense quantities of tanning bark are still shipped to market. In point of territory this is the largest township in the county. It was formed in 1853, taken from Monroe, Albany and Franklin. One of the first and most prominent families to settle here Avas that of Daniel Heverly, who came in 1806, and spent here the remainder of his life. He was born in 1764, and married Catharine Ott ; both Avere Pennsylvania-Germans. Mr. Heverly came here through the solicitation of a man named Minch, who lived above Towanda. He had informed Heverly that here was a beautiful valley, more than ten miles Avide, that none of the settlers had 37et found. After a toilsome trip, he reached the point of destination, looked upon it and returned to Greenwood, and contracted to Avork on his farm. In 1810, in consequence- of the work on the turnpike, Mr. Heverly took up 640 acres of land, and cleared 65 acres, which farm has passed down to his descendants to the present time. A stone cutter, named Kissell, came to Mr. Heverly's in 1810, and made an improvement on the WidoAv McCann farm. He was a soldier in the War of 1812. The next person that came to the township was Leonard Streevy, who married one of Mr, Heverly's daughters, , Henry Sherman, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 479 a native of Mifflin, Pa., came into the township in 1824. . Jacob Hottenstein arrived in the town in 1829. The first attempt for a gristmill was that of Daniel Heverly, Sr., on the Henry Sherman farm ; but depression of money matters, caused by the War of 1812, compelled him to abandon his work before its com pletion. . The first sawmill was built in 1820, on Black creek, by Daniel Heverly, Jr. It was afterward destroyed by fire. . The first store Avas opened in 1856, by William Waltman. The first school-house was built in the town in 1827. . The first teacher was Anna Kellogg, of Monroe. . The first church built in the town was the Roman Catholic, by Edward McGovern, in 1844. . The Methodist Episcopal church was built in 1873. . The Reformed and Lutheran church was built in 1855. Overton village was platted, in 1856, by Henry Sherman, and black smith Joseph Mosbacker purchased the first lot. The place is pleas antly situated in the southeastern corner of the township, and has three general stores, three blacksmith shops, one wagon shop, two mil liner shops and a hotel. CHAPTER XL. PIKE TOWNSHIP— LE RAYSVILLE BOROUGH. THIS toAvnship was named in honor of Gen. Pike. Its principal stream is Wyalusing creek, and the smaller creeks are the Ross and Rockwell creeks which empty into the Wyalusing. About LeRays ville is high table land while other portions are rough and hilly, except .along Wyalusing creek, Avhere there is a fertile soil. The chief prod ucts at present are potatoes, cattle and butter. There are many large sugar orchards in this township. Long before the coming of the whites, an Indian trail, from Wya lusing town to the present city of Binghampton, passed up along Wyalusing creek. The Connecticut settlers enlarged this trail and used it as a bridle path. The Bosworths were of the first settlers in Pike township. Josiah came in 1798. He was a son of Joseph Bosworth ; settled in the deep forest about three miles south of where is Le Raysville, and in a feAv years his cabin became the noted " Half- Way House" on the road from Towanda to Montrose ; then the place was called Newtown. In 1817 Mr. Bosworth built his tavern, and kept it many years. He raised a company for the War of 1812 and proceeded as far as Dan ville, Pa., where they met the news of peace declared, and returned. Josiah was a native of Litchfield, Conn., born November 25, 1779 ; died September 22, 1858. He was one of Joseph Bosworth's eleven children, and to him were born thirteen children ; one of his grand sons now occupies the old homestead. Josiah Bosworth was one day 480 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. returning from church, and discovered a bear and treed it ; took off his shirt, tied it around the foot of the tree, and thus kept the bear on his perch until he returned Avith his gun and shot it. Dimon and Benajah Bostwick, brothers, came from Connecticut and took up four hundred acres near what is now Stevensville. Dimon, with his nevvly married wife, Lois (Olmstead), came in 1796, and Benajah came with his wife and a sister-in-law sometime afterward. Dimon Avas an admirable surveyor and draughtsman, a fine mathema tician, a man of wide reading and • varied culture. These brothers lived to be old men. Dimon died in 1856, aged eighty-eight years. Benajah died in 1864, aged eighty -eight. James Rockwell settled a little below Stevensville, in 1790. He raised the first tobacco and established the first brick manufactory in northern Pennsylvania. . Seth P. Rockwell came in 1791, and settled on the creek that bears his name. He established the first tan nery, using Avooden troughs for vats, pounding the bark with an axe, and thus made the leather that shod himself .and family. He put up a mortar and spring-pole mill that Avas used by all his neighbors. This man chopped bis road to the place where he settled, which he called " Newtown," where for se\ren years his only and nearest neighbor was Nathan Abbott, on what was knoAvn as the Ranson Colbaugh farm. Nathan Abbott and Darius and Elijah Coleman came about the same time as Rockwell. Eleazer Russell came in 1792 with a pair of oxen and a sled, float ing down the river to Wyalusing ; he poled the canoe up the creek, driving the cattle along the bank. Mr. Russell located on the Keeney farm. He was killed by the falling of a tree he was chopping down. Ezekiel Brown Avas the other arrival in 1792, and he settled beloAv Russell on the flats. . Then Ephraim Fairchilds came in 1793, and located on the Aden Stevens place. The same year came Elisha Keeler and family, John Bradshaw and Capt. Isaac Bronson. Mr. Keeler in 1 804 established a small store in his house. In company with Guy Welles,he established the first wool-carding machine in the county. Nathan and Aden Stevens settled where is now Stevensville, inthe spring of 1794. They cleared a small spot of ground Avhen Nathan returned to Connecticut for his family. This family report that soon after coming they passed three months without a dust of flour in the house. . Samuel Lucky came in 1793, and cleared a little spot of ground, then returned for his family. He bought his possession of Alva Bosworth, who it is supposed settled there in 1790 or 1791. Salmon Bosworth, in 1795, settled above Stevensville and built a blacksmith shop. For many years he made scythes and axes for the settlers. The other Bosworths were Josiah, Alva, Reed and Joseph. The latter it is supposed came in 1806. In company with the Bos worths was Ezekiel Mowrey. John Ford came in 1792. His brother, Bela Ford, came sometime after ; made a small clearing and in 1805 sold it to James Brink. Thomas Brink came in 1797 ; his brother Nicholas had' come at an early day but had been driven off by the Pennamite troubles. James Brink C^nie in 1798, settling near Wyalusing, and in 1805, went to HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 481 Pike and commenced a farm just south of Le Raysville. He bought the possession of Bela Ford, and moved into the cabin. . Jesse and Daniel Ross were sons of Lieut. Perrin Frost, killed at Wyoming; they came to Pike in 1796. . William Johnson came to LeRays ville in 1798 from Sheshequin, and improved the Zebulon Frisbie farm. The Welsh Settlement. — The first to come Avas Joseph Jenkins, in 1824, he having purchased a large body of land of T. Mitchell. In the fall of the same year, Ed. Jones, Sr., came and settled near Jen kins. In 1825, David Thomas, Sr., and family, and Reese Griffies commenced an improvement on the David Thomas farm. . . About 1827, David Morris came. . The next year came David Williams. Mr. Williams revisited his native Wales, and on his return brought his mother, two brothers (Philip and John), Rev. Daniel Jones, Samuel Davies and William Evans. Thomas Jones, a brother of Ed. Jones, Sr., settled north of David Morris. . In 1833, Henry James and Thomas Walters, John Morris, Richard Williams, Daniel P. Jones, and John Davies came. In 1834 John Thomas, Mrs. Elizabeth Davies and Samuel Thomas settled at Neath. . Same year came Israel Evans, John Jones, David J. Thomas, Jenkins Jones, who also settled near Neath, and David Davies, Thomas J. Thomas, Rodgers Griffies, Thomas Williams, Evan Evans, Dr. William Roberts, David E. Davies, and Henry Davies were all prominent people in the Welsh settlement. The Welsh Congregational Church, Neath, was organized in 1831, when several persons who were members of the same church in Wales came to Neath, bringing their minister, Rev. Daniel Jones, with them. Soon the congregation increased, making the membership twenty, and they held their first meetings in log houses and barns. The first church and school-house combined was built in 1833, another, which is still standing, in 1848, and the present neat and beautiful country church in 1872. There are noAv- ninety members. Rev. Jones was pastor from 1831 until 1849 ; Rev. Samuel A. Williams from 1849 to 1869 ; Rev. E. J. Morris, from 1869 until 1885, and Rev. John D. Jones, present incumbent, from 1885. Alva Bosworth built a sawmill at Stevensville in 1815. He and his brother Salmon built the gristmill in 1819, in which was the first buhr-stones used in the county. The first school-house was erected in 1806, a log building where the Congregational church now stands. Patty Sill taught the first -school; Zernah Northrup taught the second ; Polly Canfield then taught a school in the old sawmill near Van Guilder's. Stevensville was named in honor of Col. Abram Stevens. He raised a regiment for the War of 1812-15, and Avas elected colonel thereof. On their way to the seat of war they were met by the announcement of peace, and returned without seeing any active ser vice in the front. The place has two general stores, the gristmill of William H. Jones, and Eastabrook & Stevens' sawmill. The Phalanx, in Pike township, Avas a remarkable institution. There came, in 1844, about fifty people who purchased 600 acres of land, a part of which is now the farm of George M. Brink, on the 482 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. OAvego road. Their temporary buildings Avere soon replaced by large solid stone structures, dwellings for all the members, store rooms, a school-room and chapel. Everything was in common, men working in the field, and Avomen in the house, and the}7 had a large dancing hall. The career of the affair Avas ended in four short years, when the founder left the country. A part of their old buildings are now dwell ings and barns. They started a publication called the North American Phalanx. LE RAYSVILLE BOROUGH. This borough was incorporated May 16, 1863. It was named in honor of Le Ray de Chamont. The first officers were : Burgess, M. B. Porter; council, George H. Little, Nelson Ross, Trumball Benham, Daniel Bailey, Stephen Brink ; C. P. Hodge, Sec; Benjamin Pierce, Treas. Present officers : Burgess, Samuel H. Davies ; clerk, G. W. Brink; council, George N. Johnson, Le Ray Coleman, L. P. Black- man, O. G. Canfield. G. W. Brink has been clerk of the borough ever since it was incorporated, thirty-two years ago. LeRaysville has the following business concerns : E. M. Bailey & Son's foundry (first built nearly opposite the hotel by Daniel Lewis ; was first run by horse-power. This was established during the ."fifties." After five years it was moved to where it now stands. They manu facture ploAvs), two drug stores, two cigar factories, two wagon shops, one boot and shoe store, two blacksmith shops, one grocery store, one furniture store, two hardware -stores. [CHAPTER XLI. RIDGEBURY TOWNSHIP. THIS township, which lies on the north line of the county, was organ ized in 1818, and was taken from Athens and Wells. A large number of the inhabitants were foreign born. Isaac Fuller and Joel Campbell were the first settlers, in 1805, on Bentley creek near the State line. It is said that Adam Ridenbar Avas living here Avhen the two above mentioned families came. . Samuel Bennett came in 1807, and gave the name to the toAvnship. He was a prominent man, the first tailor in the township ; the place where he settled is known as Durkee Hill. Vine Baldwin came in 1808 with his family. Griswold Owen came in 1809, and settled on the upper part of the creek near the town. His father-in-law, Rowsold Goff, came in 1812 and settled the John Thompson farm. . Capt. Calvin West came in 1813 and settled about one-half mile below Centreville. Jonathan Kent came in 1813 and settled at a place known as Bentley Creek, sometimes called " Pennyville," because there was once a small grocery there. . James Covell came in 1812 and bought out HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 483 Silas Campbell, where his posterity are still living. . Maj. Alpheus Gillett, a Revolutionary soldier, came in 1826, and settled about one mile and a half from Pennyville, and with him came his son- in-laAv, Aaron Marcellus. The latter made the improvement afterward owned by Vincent Owen. Henry Wells built a house for a tavern. John Buck came in 1826, and his land includes the D. H. Burnham place. He was many years postmaster. . Sturgis Squires came in 1827 ; his brother Peter had been here twelve or thirteen years. Among other early settlers was Joseph Patterson, on the hill Avhere is the LaAvrence Amy farm. . A man named Pierce im proved the Widow Griswold farm. John L. Webb was an early and prominent settler, was elected sheriff of the county. . Job Stiles, a Revolutionary soldier, settled the William Dickison farm. . Green Bentley was the first settler on the creek that bears his name. . Samuel Green settled on the hill east of Centreville. He was nicknamed "Durkee," and from that the hill took its name. . Peter Evans came in 1842. The Irish settle ment is in Ridgebury, extending over into Athens and Smithfield. This settlement was commenced by Cornelius O'Driscoll, who came in 1840, followed by Richard O'Connor and his two sons; then James White came in 1841 and bought out John Downs, one mile south of the Catholic church. George O'Leary was the fourth settler with his large family of sons, in 1842. To these families were added those of Daniel Desmond, with his sons John and Timothy, and Richard Hurley, John Mahoney, Patrick Butler, Daniel Chambers, George Chambers, Thomas Chambers, Daniel Kane and James Crowley. Vine Baldwin built the first frame house. . Abial Fuller built the first sawmill, in 1826, on the W. J. Fuller farm. . Calvin T. Covel built a sawmill at McAfee's, which was burned, and he replaced it with a gristmill. . David Buck cut the first road through to Smithfield. The old Berwick turnpike road was built through the township in 1820-21, and was the first good road the people ever had. Centreville is a postoffice and village on Bentley creek; postoffice name is Ridgebury; the place has two stores and a Methodist church. Bentley Creek, a postoffice and village above Centreville on the same creek, has a store, a Baptist church, a school-house and a hotel. Middletown, a hamlet still further up the creek, has a grist and sawmill and a store. CHAPTER XLII. ROME TOWNSHIP— ROME BOROUGH. EOME TOWNSHIP takes its name from the "Eternal City," because it is situated on the same parallel of latitude. It is well watered by the Wysox creek and its smaller streams, Bullard, John son, Park, Hicks and Bar creeks. The surface is divided by hill, 484 - HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. table-land, and valley. The largest valley noted for its fertility is along the Wysox creek. It is supposed that Nathaniel Peasly Moody was the first settler, in the year 1795, coming with his ox-sleds, in Avhich Avere conveyed his wife and three children, all the Avay from Massachusetts. Moody, assisted by Levi Thayer cut a road from Sheshequin to the head waters of Wysox creek, that passed through the borough of Rome. Moody had purchased a piece of land of Thayer near the confluence of Bullard creek with the Wysox. Just beloAv them were Henry Tal- lady, Peter Florence, Mathias Fenceler, " the Hermit," and Mr. Hath away, whom they found camped Avhile on a hunting expedition. These were about four miles beloAv Avhere Moody settled. . In 1798 Godfrey Vought, Henry Lent, and Fredrick Eiklor came with their families; Vought and Lent located near the present north line of Rome borough, and Eiklor about half waj7 between Vought and Moody on the John Passmore place. About 1800 it was discovered that the title to all these lands belonged to Pennsylvania. In 1801 John Parks made his improvement on the D. C. Wattles farm. The first settlement on Towner hill was made by Elijah Towner in 1806. Mr. Towner had purchased 400 acres of Mr. Thayer. The title proA7- ing worthless, he moved to Oak hill, cleared 100 acres and built a dis tillery ; afterward, in 1806, he traded his improvements for Avhat is now Towner Hill, where he spent the remainder of his days. His eldest son, Elijah Towner, married a daughter of Leonard Westbrook, who came at an early day with George Murphy. John Hicks settled in the hollow west of Towner's. George Murphy commenced his improvement on Towner hill in 1803, and John Hicks settled in the holkuv west of him, in 1804. William Elliott, with a large family of boys, came in 1805. Elliott had fourteen children ; his son Thomas commenced merchandising in 1813. . In 1806 Reuben Bump and Russell Gibbs settled in the north west part of the township, and the settlement was called " Bump- town." Bump was a great hunter, and could tell some tall hunting- stories. . Achatius Vought commenced his first improvement on Park's creek, north of Rome village, ih 1807. . Rev. C. E. Tav lor came from Connecticut in 1817 ; his family consisted of his Avife, "two sons and one daughter — EdAvin W., Delamar and Abby Jane. Martin Van Buren Moore was an early settler on the hill. He was relative of his namesake. The first wheatfield was the ground now the Judge Passmore orchard. The seed to sow the ground was carried by Nathaniel P. Moody, one bushel, and each of his sons a half-bushel. He planted the first orchard. Some of the old apple trees still stand in front of D. H. Rice's residence. . . Godfrey Vought built the first frame house, in 1804. . . Burr Ridgeway built the first mill in 1808, which he sold in 1818 to his brother David, Avho disposed of it to Sylvester Barnes. Previous to this the nearest mill was Hinman's, at Wysox, the present Robert Laning place. . . Jacob Mver built the first mill where is the Myer & Frost mill. . . Silas Gore was HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 485 the first blacksmith, in 1812. . Godfrey Vought and Andrus Eiklor built a sawmill near the confluence of Bullard and Wysox creeks. Benjamin Moody was the first white child born in the township, born in 1798. . The first death was that of Mrs. Fredrick Eiklor, in 1800. . . In 1801, Henry Lent went to Sheshequin, but attempt ing to return through the deep snow, he perished. His body was found near the dividing line of the farms of Prof. J. G. and Washing ton Towner. . The first Avedding was in the year 1803, the parties being James Lent and Chloe Park. The first school teacher was Fredrick Eiklor Avho taught in the first log school-house, built in 1803, near the O. F.Young farm. In the township are a gristmill, OAvned by Charles Barnes, two miles south of Rome borough, William Sypher's^ steam and Avater grist and saAv mill, located three-fourths of a mile north of Rome, and Seneca Russel's steam sawmill four miles north of Rome. There is a steam sawmill near North Rome. North Home, situated in Centre valley, has one store. ROME BOROUGH. Rome borough was incorporated in February, 1860. It is situated in the south-eastern part of the township, about one and a. half miles along Wysox creek, and about one-third of a mile wide. For a good many years it has been an important business point. It has a hardware store, drug store, a general store, and a shoe store, two miscellaneous stores, Byron Wilmot's planing mill, two blacksmith shops and a wagon shop. CHAPTER XLIII. SHESHEQUIN TOWNSHIP. THE name of this township is derived from the Indian, and is said to signify " the place of a rattle." It is one of the loveliest valleys in Bradford county, extending along the Susquehanna river a distance of seven miles, beautiful and fertile. It Avas taken from old Ulster. The first settlement was May 30, 1783, the colonists being pre ceded by Gen. Simon Spalding, who came up from the Wyoming. The party consisted of Gen. Spalding and his wife Ruth, their children, John, Ruth, Rebecca, Mary, Anna and George. " Their son Chester Pierce Spalding Avas born in Sheshequin in 1784 ; the others were Joseph Kinney and wife, Sarah Spalding, Benj. Cole, Col. Fordham, Thomas Baldwin and Stephen Fuller. Gen. Spalding came from Connecticut in 1774, first locating at Standing Stone in 1775. He Avas in command of a company in Sullivan's expedition in 1779, and in passing through Sheshequin valley he beheld the beautiful land, and resolved to make it his future home. Col. John Spalding was a son of Gen. Simon, and was a fifer in his father's company at fourteen years of age ; was also in the Sullivan 486 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. expedition. Joseph Kinney was also a Revolutionary soldier; was wounded at Long Island, and for a period was in the Jersey prison- ship. His first child, Simon Kinney, was the first white child born in Sheshequin. Vine Baldwin, son of Thomas, is said to have been the first white child born in Sheshequin valley after the war. In 1784 Obadiah, Samuel Gore and Arnold Franklin came from Wyoming. The old homestead of Obadiah Gore is described in the old records as a tract of land called " Indela Mooking," situated on the east side of the north east branch of the Susquehanna river, opposite an Indian settlement called " The Sheshequamung." Judge Obadiah Gore was the son of Obadiah and Hannah (Park) Gore. He was commissioned judge at the organization of Luzerne county ; removed to Ulster in 1783, and to Sheshequin the next year; opened a store in the latter place (the first in this section) in 1796, and continued it until 1803. He built a gristmill on the river opposite where is noAV the " Valley House," in 1807, the first gristmill in the township. He also built the first frame house in the township, in 1787, and also the first distillery ; was appointed the first justice, in 1782. On his record the first marriage is that of Mathias Hollenback and Miss Sarah Hibbard — April 20, 1782. Arnold Franklin was a mem ber of one of the distinguished Franklin families of the Common wealth. Seven of the Franklins Avere killed at the Wyoming battle, and John, Jonathan, Roswell and Jehiel were of these seven brothers. Arnold, the settler mentioned above, was a son of Jonathan Franklin. Arnold was captured at Wyoming, but after three months' captivity escaped on the Genesee, and made his Avay back to his brother, Uncle Roswell Franklin, at Kingston, where he and his cousin, Roswell, Jr., when about twenty years of age, were captured by the Indians and taken to Canada, Avhere they were kept three years. Moses Park came to Sheshequin about 1785, and taught, probably, the first school in the toAvnship. In 1786 Jeremiah Shaw, an old Rev olutionary soldier, came to Sheshequin, with his son, Ebenezer, then a lad ; this was the ShaAv that lived to be over 100 years old. . Peter Snyder came in 1798. . Daniel Brink came in 1790 ; his father, Benjamin Brink, a Revolutionary soldier, improved the David Horton place. . Abel Newell, who married a daughter of Ethan Wilcox, Avas an early pioneer. . Col. Joseph Kingsbury came in 1793, when aged nineteen ; was a surveyor, and he married a daughter of Gen. Spaul- ding. Col. Kingsbury was for many years one of the most distin guished men in the county. . Ichabod Blackman, and three sons, Frank lin, Elishu and David S., were prominent among the early pioneers. Hugh Rippiths, an Irishman, an early comer, improved the Patterson farm at the lower end of Breakneck. He married Hulda Franklin. Elihu Horton came to Sheshequin about 1794, and resided on the Ed. Brigham farm ; his sons, who came with him, were William, Joshua, Elihu, Jr., Stephen and Gilbert ; his son Richard came two years afterward, and purchased Arnold Franklin's improvement. The Hortons were a strong and splendid race of sturdy pioneers. Elihu HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY'. 487 Horton, Sr., gave a family party in 1815, at which eighty grandchil dren Avere present. Joshua Tuttle first settled in Ulster, but passed over to Sheshequin in 1798, and purchased of Josiah Newell. Jesse Smith came in 1802. Capt. Jabez Fish came in 1809. Zebulon Butler and Harry Spalding at that time had a small store near WilLam Snyder's place. Capt. Fish is a prominent figure in the history of Wyoming. LiAT- ing near him in Sheshequin was an old comrade in arms and suffering, Capt. Stephen Fuller. The two men were prisoners in Wyoming. Elihu Towner and sons — Enoch and John — improved the Cyrus Wheeler farm. Daniel Moore Avas a soldier in the War of 1818. . Christopher Avery Avas a brother of Judge Gore's wife. Other early settlers Avere the Kennedys, Peter Bernard, James Bidlack, Timothy and Samuel Bartlett, Henry Boise, the Brokaw family, Lodowick Carner, Silas Carner, Henry Cleveland, John Dett- rich, Christian Forbes, Dr. Zadaz Gillett, Jerome Gilbert, Freeman Gillett, William Preshier, Edward Griffin, Samuel Hoytt, Isaac S. Low, Samuel Thomas, Josiah B. Marshall, Mathew Rodgers, and David E. Weed. Sheshequin, a village across the river from Ulster, has a large grist mill, a hotel and four stores. . Ghent is a postoffice in the easternpart of the township. . Black is a village south of Ghent. . Horn brook is a postoffice in the southern part of the township. Franklin Blue Stone Company are located about four miles north of Towanda, having one of the best and finest quarries in this portion of the State. The headquarters of this concern are in Philadelphia, and operations were actively commenced in August, 1889. The quarry was worked first extensively in 1874 by the Philadelphia Blue Stone Company, which failed, and the property passed to the present own ers. Thirty-five men are employed, with all the latest improved machinery for cutting and handling the stone by the company. It is a strip-mine, and the product is used in all parts of the country — south as far as the Gulf. The output of this plant is about $25,000 annually. Among other excellencies of the stone is the facility with which it splits, as well as its- beauty and durability. J. D. Morris' quarry, in Sheshequin township, in Avhat is called " Quarry Glen," is a great blue stone quarry, Avhere are employed twenty-five men ; it has an annual output of about 200,000 tons, marketed largely in Philadelphia. The first steam gristmill in Sheshequin township Avas built by F. S. Ayer in 1870. . 6. F. Ayer built his sawmill in 1868. 488 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. CHAPTER XLIV. SMITHFIELD TOWNSHIP. THIS township is supposed to have been named for David Smith, Avho first purchased the title of the Connecticut Company. The surface is very broken ; several streams pass through the township emptying into Sugar and Towanda creeks. The township was setoff from Ulster in 1809. In 1814 it was divided into three equal parts, forming Smithfield, Springfield and Columbia. This same territory had previously formed the townships of Smithfield, Murraysfield, and Cabot. The first settler was a man named Grover, near what is now the Daniel Carpenter place, in 1792. . Reuben Mitchell, who may be said to be the first permanent settler, came in 1794, and for the next four years himself and three members of his family were the total population of the township. He located just east of East Smithfield, and purchased David Smith's improvement; Mr. Mitchell left the country in 1840. About 1798 several men, among them being Foster, Baldwin, Watterman, Wheeler, and a negro named "Cassar," came and made small improvements. James Satterlee came in 1799; located near East Smithfield. His Avagon was the first that passed from Athens to Springfield; they were two days making the journey, a distance of ten miles. Col. Samuel Satterlee came in 1799, and settled three miles northwest of the village, afterward the Crittenden farm ; he was an eminent soldier in the War of 1812, a member of the Legislature of Pennsylvania, and a very valuable citizen. . Oliver Hayes also came in 1799 ; located on the Simon Mattison farm place. . Michael Bird came from Boston in 1801, and undertook to make a living in the woods, farming. He had a severe experience ; the entire family for some time made wooden brooms, Avhich he carried on his back to the river. However, in time, he cleared and opened a fine farm, and eventually became a prominent citizen. Jabez Gerould came in 1800, built a little log-cabin, raised a small patch, and in 1801 brought his family. The next Arear he was taken suddenly sick and died, leaving in the woods his widow and eight small children. The heroic little woman kept her family alive mostly by spinning flax, taking meal as payment. Phineas Pierce came from Vermont in 1800, and settled two miles northwest on the Edgar Wood farm. He enlisted in the War of 1812, and Avas killed near Niagara; his comrade from Smithfield was Joshua Ames ; he died in the serv ice. Col. Samuel Satterlee Avas in the same command ; his wife, Eunice Pierce, Avas in Wyoming in July, 1778, an infant. She was carried across the mountains, sixty miles, to the Delaware river by her mother. In 1800 Solomon Morse and Samuel Kellogg, both from Poultney, Vt., settled in the township; Kellogg was a Revolutionary soldier'. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 489 Nehemiah Tracy came in 1805 ; he was a relative of United States Senator Uriah Tracy, of Connecticut. . John Bassett came in 1806. In 1807 Noah Ford and Elihu Needham came from New York. In 1806 Alva Stocking and Alpheus Holcomb came to the township. In 1809 Samuel Wood came from Vermont ; he had ten sons and eleven daughters; nine of the sons came to Smithfield. The same year Ashaei and John Scott came from Vermont. Judge Bullock gave the date of John Scott's coming as 1803. Between 1809 and 1811 Maj. Jared Phelps, Sloan Kingsbury, Isaac Ames, John Phelps, David Titus, Abner W. Ormsby, Zephaniah Ames and Isaiah Kingsley, all came from Massachusetts, and settled the " Becket " neighborhood. In 1813 Austin and Chauncey Kellogg came, their brother, Luman, following in 1816. David Forrest, a Revolutionary soldier, came in 1814. . About the same time came also Stephen Wilcox, Rufus Halsey and Abner Thomas, all settling in the northwest part of the township. In 1812 Asa Hacket came. In 1813 Asa Farnsworth and his family ; in 1814 William FarnsAvorth, Stephen Califf, Seth Gates, Daniel Forrant and Tartus Rose came with their families. . In 1815 came Benjamin Hale, David Durfey, Joseph Ames and Cyril Forman ; in 1816, Abraham Jones ; in 1817, Asa Allen ; in 1818, Joel Allen ; in 1819, Cromwell Childs, Edward A. Childs and Daniel Allen ; in 1820, Geo. Thompkinson. A very worthy man, who had once been a Hessian soldier, Conrad Hartman, came to the township in 1816 ; he had been taken a prisoner at Trenton, and became an American citizen. Nehemiah Beech came in 1818. The first sawmill Avas erected by Phineas Pierce, in 1806 ; the second was built by Mr. Tracy. . The first gristmill was by Solo mon Morse in 1808, about one-fourth of a mile west of the village. The first school-house was built in 1807, a small log building, which answered for every purpose until 1818, when a frame was erected. Lyman Durfey opened the first store, in 1833, and soon after Shelden Tracy opened the second one. . The first death was an infant child of Reuben Mitchell, who was also the first white child born. The first church building (a log one) was put up in 1811, and used until 1861, when they built their present church ; pastor, Rev. John Bascom. In 1810 a Baptist Church Avas organized, and in 1819 a church building was put up. In 1821 a literary society was organized, chiefly by David FarnsAvorth, Ansel. Scott, Harry Bird, Buckley Tracy, Darius Bullock and others. East Smithfield is built on Maj. Phillips farm. 490 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. CHAPTER XLV. SOUTH CREEK TOWNSHIP. THIS toAvnship lies in the northwest part of the county. The Northern Central Railroad passes nearly through the center from north to south. Its principal streams are South creek, Buck creek and Roaring run. Philo Fassett settled in the township in 1834. The early settlers were: Asa Gillett, John Morrison, Gideon Andrus, Isaac Baker and Samuel Pettingill. These came prior to 1833, except Mr. Gillett. . . Isaac Baker built a mill on South creek. . . Ezekiel Baker was the first settler at Gillett Station. Jessie Moore was a very early comer. George Dunham and M. Y. Glines were early prominent citizens. The town of Gillett was made by the Glines, Fassett, Thomson, Jesse Moore and Gillett. The stage route from Williamsport to Elmira passed down South creek, and Gillett's Avas the " half way house" between Elmira and Troy. There were nine public-houses on the road betAveen the two last-named points, three of which were kept respectively by Ezekiel Baker, Hervy Jones, and Mr. Gillett. Hervey Jones settled at Gillett about 1830, and opened a tavern. Aaron Stiles lived south of John Gillett's place. Evan Dunning came in 1837, and built a mill, afterward Jesse Moore's, and did an extpnsive lumber business. From him the station, Dunning, takes its name. The I3erry settlement, in the south part of the township, derives its name from a large family of that name. In 1834 there Avas quite a cluster of houses there, only a part of which, however, were included in the boundary of the township. Gillett Station is a shipping point on the Northern Central Rail road. There are two stores, a hotel and a few small shops, and a sawmill by John F. Gillett. Fassett is a station on the Northern Central Railroad, near the northern boundary of the county, and was formerly called " State Line." There is a sawmill here and one store. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 491 CHAPTER XLVI. SPRINGFIELD TOWNSHIP. THIS township was originally called Murraysfield, and received its present name because a majority of the first inhabitants were from Springfield, Mass. The only change in the original boundaries occurred in the southwest corner, Avhere the line followed in a westerly direction and passed through Ezra Long's little gristmill, Avhere aftenvard was built H. F. Long's mill ; then followed the line of the road to the village of Troy where it cornered just west of the Presby terian church ; thence north, including that part of Troy township, along the road leading to Columbia Cross Roads. The surrounding hills, however, and growth of Troy necessitated transferring a portion of Springfield to Troy toAvnship, which leaves it in its present shape, nearly a square which drops down, including a part of Leonard creek. At the opening of this century Springfield township was a wild and uninhabited Avaste, with no other human marks than those made by passing Indians. In June, 1803, Austin and Ezekiel Leonard started from West Springfield, Mass., under the auspices of the Susquehanna Company, to make a home in northern Pennsylvania, and they journeyed till they came to Sugar creek, near East Troy, where they stopped with Nathaniel Allen, and began prospecting for " a thousand acres of level land ; " but they Avere soon discouraged, and made up their minds to return. But just then they met a man who claimed to known all the country well, and under his guidance they went up the stream to where it emptied into Sugar creek. He deceived them, by leading them around and around, into the belief that they were on the " 1000 acres of level land" — near where are the Isaac Doaneand Paul Furman farms, and these they concluded to locate and make their homes, and they returned to Esq. Allen's and arranged with him to clear some of the land and build cabins for their families, for Avhom they set out for, to Massachusetts, to bring them in the fall. Capt. John Harkness came in March, 1804, and settled the farm occupied by O. P. Horton. . . In April, same year, William and Abel Eaton following the Leonards, arrived and located where is now Leona. The Harkness and Leonard families knew nothing of each other's pres ence for nearly a year after their arrival, when one family found the other while hunting their cattle. Ichabod Smith came in 1804 and Josephus Wing came in 1805. . In 1806 came James Mattocks, Len. Pitch, Joshua Spear, Stephen Bliss, Oliver Gates, Henry Stever, Amaziath Thayer, Joseph and Gurdon Grover. The last two located near where is now Springfield Centre. James Harkness, Avith his large family, came in 1806. . Next year Joseph Grace settled where is now Leona ; and Nehemiah Willison and Abel Fuller, same year, settled north of the Centre. . In 1808 Isaac Cooley and Gaines Adams improved the properties, afterward owned 492 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. by Rodney Cooley and Joel Adams. . About the same time came Samuel Kingsbury, Thomas Pemberton, Samuel Campbell, E. F. Park hurst and Alfred Brace. . In 1810, it is estimated, there were 160 persons in the township. . William Brace, who came in 1804-5, liA^ed to be the oldest man in the toAvnship. . Many new comers arrived between 181.0-20, among them being Maj. John Parkhurst, David BroAvn, Lemuel White, William Evans, the Parmeters, Evan Bennett, Quartus Greeley, Amos and John Searjant, Elishu Fanning, Alexander Kennedy, Chas. Burgess, Joseph and Wakeman Brooks, Williams, Faulkner and the Graces. The first white child was born to Hiram Harkness, April 20, 1825 ; the first death, a Mrs. Morey, in 1809 ; first wedding, Abel Leonard and Abigail Leonard. The first school teacher was William Nevens, who taught in a weaver's shop' in 1808-9 ; first frame building was by John Harkness ; first sawmill was by Austin Leonard in 1808 ; first grist mill was by Luke Pitts, in 1813, situated where Dr. William Carey's mill stands, first school-house, of logs, was in Leonard's Hollow (now Leona), in 1813 ; about the same time a frame school-house Avas erected on Grover hill, and soon after another on Harkness hill. . Samuel Campbell built a distillery in 1810 ; James Manix was the first justice, same year. . The Methodists had the first religious organization in 1813; the Baptists followed in 1819. The Methodists noAV have two buildings, one at Leona the other at Pleasant Valley ; the Univer salists have a building at Springfield, and the Methodists in the northern part of the township. Mount Pisgah, the highest point in Bradford county, and the second highest point in the State, is in the southern part of this town ship. From here our early Moseses are supposed to have "viewed the promised land." It is a singular mountainous formation, cone-shaped, and has recently been improved, having a nice large hotel, with pleasant grounds, and is quite a summer resort. Mr. Kellogg, of Towanda, is now proprietor of the hotel, to which he has added, re cently, many improvements. Springfield, which is situated in about the center of the township, on the head-waters of Leonard creek, contains one hotel, two stores, one cooper shop and two churches. Leona contains a gristmill, store, two Avagon-shops, one Methodist church. It was named in honor of the Leonards, and was for a long time called "Leonard's Hollow." It is in the beautiful valley on Leonard's creek. . Wetona is a postoffice on Mill creek. . Big Pond is a postoffice in the northern part of the toAvnship. E. C.Spencer HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 495 CHAPTER XLVII. STANDING STONE TOWNSHIP. THERE has been a landmark for centuries before the white man ever looked upon it — a curious rock-formation standing near the center of the Susquehanna river, nearly twenty-three feet above low water, sixteen feet wide and about four feet thick. The township was one of the first grants made by the Susquehanna Company. Among the purchasers were : Elisha Satterlee, Richard Fitzgerald, James For sythe, Richard Loomis, Walter ahd Nathaniel Walters, John Bigelow, Jr., Stephen Wilcox, David McCormick, Walter Westover, Capt. Peter Loop, Abraham Westbrook, William Jackson, Thomas Joslyn, Leonard Westbrook, and the heirs of Perrin Ross. Quite a number of families were in Standing Stone before the battle of Wyoming ; during the Avar the settlements were all aban doned, and the two families who returned immediately after the war, or in 1791, were Richard Fitzgerald and Henry Burneys. Henry Bur- neys, who Avas an early prominent citizen, sold his farm to Jonathan Stevens in 1812. One of his daughters married Capt. Peter Loop. Mr. Fitzgerald had no children, but had adopted his wife's nephew, William Houck. Anthony LeFever was a Frenchman who kept a famed house of entertainment in Standing Stone. Peter Miller was another early settler and a Revolutionary soldier ; a small garden spot was ever cleared around his cabin. He had bought his ground, the deed bearing date March 23, 1797. . Jacob Primer, a colored man, came at an early day ; his descendants were about the place for many years. . . Cherick Westbrook, a son of Abraham, pur chased a half-share certificate in 1785, and soon after moved on to the same. . Henry VanCuren came in 1808. . The widoAv Hawley, whoAvas in Wyoming in 1784, came and settled on the H. W. Tracy place, and the little creek is frequently' called " Hawley creek." An early comer Avas David Eicklor, who sold in 1815 to Mr. Ennis. George, John, Daniel and Whitfield Vaness came in 1820, and pur chased the Henry VanCuren place. . . John Gordon had a distillery on Fitch's creek, near where the road crosses, Avhich was operated for many years, and was finally burned. . . A family named Tuttle settled on Tuttle's Hill prior to 1812. . A tailor named Daniel Brewster' set tled near the old man Huff's place. Rummerfield, a station on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, contains one hotel, two general stores and several small places. Standing Stone village is pleasantly situated on the bank of the river, and is an important shipping point on the Lehigh Valley Rail road. It has two stores and one hotel. 87 496 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. CHAPTER XLVIII. TERRY TOWNSHIP. THIS township lies on the Avest bank of the Susquehanna river, opposite Wyalusing, and contains about fifty square miles. With exception of the valley along the river, which is narrow, it is moun tainous and hilly ; has much good grazing land and fine meadows. At one time this township had more valuable white pine than any other township in the county, and for many years immense quantities were annually shipped. The two postoffices in the township are Terry- toAvn, lying on the river above Wyalusing, and NeAV Era, in the west part of the township on the head-waters of Sugar Run creek. This creek empties into a large pond near the south line of the township. Terrytown is beautifully situated on a gravelly ridge, and the buildings are scattered along near the bank of the river until they mingle Avith those of Sugar run. Beautiful scenery surrounds the place, and across the river Vaughn's hill rises four hundred feet with varying escarpment. In the village is a Union meeting house, called "The Tabernacle," where worship the Baptists, Presbyterians and Methodists. It has been in use thirty-six years. In the place is a Avagon factory and steam works, a shoe shop, two general stores, and the Horton Flouring Mill. This dreamy old village is one of theoldest places in the county, made immortal by Capt. Jonathan Terry, Avho was the first permanent settler, in 1787, and who founded the place. It is said that Benja min Budd buill a cabin here as early as 1774. Stephen Durell had built a cabin in 1786, near the mouth of Steam- Mill creek. Israel Parshall, Maj. John Horton, Lebius Garner, Parshall and Jonathan Terry, all these Avith their wives were in Forty Fort the night after the battle . . . Jonathan Terry was commissioned a justice, and for four generations, with but slight intermission, the office passed from father to son. Jonathan Terry had eight sons and three daugh ters. His son Uriah was the first white child born in Terrytown, where he lived for nearly ninety years. About 1794 Parshall Terry built a small gristmill on the small stream passing through a farm occupied by J. W. Van Anken. Par- shall and Uriah Terry were for many years the noted men of Terry- toAvn. Parshall was a tailor and made very many good coats for a dollar each. He was once jailed by the Pennamites at Easton, but escaped to the woods. Uriah Terry was a schoolmaster and a poet of no mean ability. Maj. John Horton was a lineal descendant of Barnabus Horton Avho came to America in 1638. He settled in Terrytown in 1792 and im proved the place, where he died in 1848. He built the first frame HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 497 dwelling in the township and owned the first two-hprse wagon that ever came to Terrytown ; also the first fanning mill, and built the first frame barn in 1805. Pie served in the Revolutionary Avar. Maj. John Horton, Jr., was born in Terrytown March 23, 1793. He was a prominent merchant and an active business man ; was a con stable when quite young ; was also elected and served as county treasurer one term ; was a democratic elector in 1848 ; became a cap tain and then a major in the militia, and was brigade inspector from 1828 to 1835. A prominent feature of Terrytown is that for the number of in habitants it contained, it turned out more eminent men than any other spot in northern Pennsylvania. New Era is a hamlet about five miles southwest of Terrytown. It was here the French refugees built a house for the purpose of secreting the king and queen of France when they should come over. Charles Homet, Sr., settled at this point, and remained some time before he went to Frenchtown. Isaac Shoonover succeeded Mr. Homet. Jason Horton was one of the earliest permanent settlers at New Era. John Morrow and N. T. Horton had a store there in 1830-31, but soon left. . . Lawrence Williams and Henry Gaylord lived there 1839-43, Gaylord occupying the house where had lived J. A. Record. In 1837 Jonathan Harrison settled beyond New Era. . . Jonathan Buttles, a manufacturer of wooden bowls, lived there many years. . . J. L. Jones was a justice and an early settler at New Era. . . Ebenezer Brock was for years the carpenter and joiner at New Era. John Dyer kept a furniture store and undertakers' shop. . . John Huffman was a farmer near New Era.. . . There is a hotel in the place, two sawmills, one grocery store, and an Odd Fellows Hall. CHAPTER XLIX. THE TOWANDAS— TOWNSHIPS AND BOROUGHS. TOWANDA is an Indian Avord from the Delaware ToAvandemunk — " burial place." There are other traditions, but this seems to be the most authentic. A century ago it was spelled "Towandee," but, the modern Avay is more musical, and an Indian name once stripped of its euphony is a barren nothing. Claverack. — Thefirst civil organization that is now the Towandas was a grant by the Susquehanna Company made to Col. John H. Lydius, Capt. Abraham Lansing, Baltaser Lydius, Peter Hogaboom and others, June, 1774. The survey and location was made by Jeremiah Hoga boom and Solomon Strong, and is described as on " the East Branch of the Susquehanna river, beginning at a place called and known by the name of Wysox creek, about five hundred yards below Avhere said creek flows into the East Branch of the Susquehanna river at a Avhite 498 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. oak tree; thence south 59° Avest five miles and sixty rods; thence north 31° west five miles ; thence north 59° east five miles ; thence south 30° east five miles to the first mentioned bound — containing tAventy-five square miles, exclusive of the river." This embraced half of the" present ToAvanda, a third of Wysox and a part of lower Sheshe quin. The other half of Claverack, on the Avest side of the river, covered more than half of the present Towandas and the balance of these toAvnships were embraced in the Company's toAvns called j " Bachelor's AchTenture," " Bloomingdale " and " Bortle's Pitch." In the latter part of 1800 Col. John Franklin and Col. Benjamin Dorrance became the owners under Connecticut title to Claverack, and leased and sold to settlers as they could induce them to come here. In short, Claverack Avas one of the Seventeen Townships, the history of Avhich is given fully in a preceding chapter. Township Organization. — Bradford county Avas formed from parts of Lycoming and Luzerne in 1812. The western third of that territory noAv embraced in the Towandas, was in Lycoming count}', and the balance in Luzerne. At the court held at Wilkes-Barre in March, 1790, it is ordered by the justices of this court that the county of Luzerne be divided into eleven toAvnships, by the following names and descrip tions, to wit : "1. Tioga, bounded north by the north line of the State; on the east by the east line of the county; on the south by an east and west line, which shall strike the Standing Stone, in the west line of the county." The "2d" toAvnship was Wyalusing, Avhich bounded Tioga on the north. "Tioga," as thus described, Avas sixty-seven miles in length from east to west, and a trifle more than eighteen miles in Avidth from north to south. At the April sessions, 1795, a petition was presented to the court, asking for a division of Tioga toAvnship by an east and west line, pass ing through a small stream on the east side of the Susquehanna, south- Avesterly of "Breakneck;" the north part to be called " Tioga," and the south part "Wisocks." The prayer of the petitioners was granted. Again, in 1807, at the April sessions of the Luzerne county court, upon the petitioh of Job Irish and other citizens of Wysox, setting forth that, owing to the inconvenience, and at times the impossibility of crossing the river, and praying for a new township to be set off on the west side of the river, Jonathan Stevens, M. Minor York and John Taylor Avere appointed viewers, to examine and report in relation to the same. At the November court (1807) they report in favor of a new toAvnship, to be called Towanda, Avith the following boundaries: Beginning at the mouth of Durell creek, thence south forty-five degrees west to the county line (rather what noAv is) ; thence on said line Avest to the corner of Canton ; thence north on the east line of Canton to the county line (between Lycoming and Luzerne) ; thence as said line runs to the Susquehanna river. The report was confirmed finally in January, 1808. The territory embraced within the foregoing boundaries included parts of Asylum, Monroe, Overton, Barclay, the Burlingtons, the Towandas and all of Franklin. Towanda HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 499 Avas one of " the original ten townships," or one of the ten already formed within the limits of the county prior to its organization. After the incorporation of the borough of Towanda, the northern and southern parts of the township Avere so completely separated that it made a division practically necessary for the convenience of the inhabitants residing in the two portions of it. Accordingly, H. L. Scott and other citizens of the township, upon petition at the December term of court, 1850, " represent that great inconvenience results to the citizens of the township from its present shape, and pray that Commissioners be appointed to view and inquire into the propriety of dividing the same." Whereupon the court appoint Geo. H. Bull, E. C. Kellogg and Earl Nichols, who report in favor of dividing the toAvnship at the February session, 1851, "by a line commencing on the Avest line of the borough of Towanda, at a point near the northwest corner of lands of Henry S. Mercur, thence in a straight line west to the Burlington line, intersecting it immedi ately north of the Overshot mill." The Commissioners report having been made, the citizens in a second petition "pray the court to confirm it, and further respect fully ask that the new township lying south of said line be named Towanda township, and the one north of it Sugar Creek." The report Avas confirmed finally December 15, 1851, "the town ships to be called North Towanda and South Towanda." Subse quently the citizens petitioned the court to have the word " South" dropped, and " South Towanda" Avas accordingly changed to Towanda township. The first settler Avas Rudolph Fox, of whom mention has been made, who settled on the west side of Towanda creek, about half a mile from its mouth. At the time of his arrival a few Indians Avere living about where is Maj. Hale's present residence, and of these Fox purchased his land and erected his cabin, covered with bark and prac-, tically one end left open for a door. Fox did everything to keep the friendship of the Indians, but in March, 1777, while out hunting his cattle, he was seized and taken by the Indians a prisoner to Quebec. The family Avere kept in ignorance of Mr. Fox's av hereabouts. He escaped, and traveled all the way from Canada and reached the opposite side of the river from his cabin December 19th, following. He called to his family; Mrs. Fox recognized his voice, but the Indians had stolen their skiff, and there Avas no Avay to cross. The poor man had to spend the intensely cold night on the bank, and by morning the ice Avas hard enough to bear him over. When the Indian party that captured the Strope family passed up the river they again took Fox along a prisoner, as they said, lest he give the alarm; he escaped, however, just before they reached Tioga Point. Jacob Bowman settled on ToAvanda creek prior to the Revolution. He sided against the "rebels" and became known as "Tory" Bow man; he Avent to Canada when hostilities commenced. After the Avar he returned and settled on the farm finally owned by his grandson, B. F. Bowman. " Tory " Bowman was a man of enterprise, and in 1801 was licensed to keep a tavern. He had a store in addition to his 500 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. tavern as early as 1809; established the first ferry near the mouth of Towanda creek, and built the first frame house. His place was a noted resort, and that and his brother-in-law's place by William Means, were rivals. Bowman died in 1845, aged eighty-six years ; he had married Mary Fox, daughter of Rudolph Fox, and " their children were: George, Jacob, John, Daniel, Mary, Rebecca, Hannah, Susan and Harry. Jacob Grantier, German, came from New York, and settled on Towanda creek in 1784, about eighty rods south of Maj. Hale's res idence. It was here Rev. Thomas Smiley was tarred and feathered by the Yankees in 1801. March, 7, 1802, Grantier transferred his claim to Reuben Hale, and removed to Canton township where are to-day his descendants. James, Silas and Orr Scoville came in 1788. James and Silas pur chased of Smith, a farmer-preacher, and they made an improvement a little west of where the nail mill is, where Silas built the first frame house in the township, where he kept "bach" until 1796; James had returned to Luzerne county. In 1796 Silas married Abigail Harris, and then had his own housekeeper. Orr improved the H. L. Scott place and married Polly Rutty, daughter of Ezra Rutty, and removed to Canton township. Silas Scoville came to own three ox teams, and made trips to the lakes, taking millstones and bringing salt, then worth thirteen dollars a barrel. He died in 1824. One early settler was Richard Goff; just how soon is not knoAvn, but the assessor's books shoAv that in 1796 he had eleven acres improved. Joshua Wythe, who Avas an officer in the Revolution, located here about 1794. He bought land on Towanda creek of John Heath, known later as the George Bowman place; his wife, nee Elizabeth Brewer, died in 1805; was buried in the flats, and the railroad passes over her grave. Mr. Wythe emigrated to Ohio. Reuben Hale came among the early pioneers from Connecticut, and settled on the place now occupied by his son, Maj. Elias Wellington Hale. The fact that Isaac Tracy had preceded Reuben was the cause of turning his course to this locality. He purchased land of George Wells, dated June 14, 1799, and became in time the sole owner of the old mill on Towanda creek. Reuben Hale married Wealthy Tracy, daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth Rogers Tracy, of Tioga Point, Feb ruary 17, 1803, and at once removed into the old Dougherty log cabin that stood a short distance from Maj. Hale's present residence. He was appointed postmaster at Towanda in 1810, said to be the first in the place. Casper Singer, from Philadelphia, came in 1791, and took up land now in Wysox ; he built a sawmill " near the mouth of Towanda creek;" this is the "Hale Mill." Singer made a tleposition in Phila delphia in 1796, and testified that living in this locality in 1795 were Orr Scoville, Joseph Gee, Jacob Bowman, Jacob Grantier, Joseph Wallace, Michael Krause and Stephen Strickland. A son-in-law of Rudolph Fox, Nathan Farr, Avas here at an early HISTORY OF BRADFORD' COUNTY. 501 date. James Davidson was here in the other century ; settled near the nail works. The first and one of the most important pioneers to settle in Avhat is now North Towanda township was Ezra Rutty Avho came from New York in 1785, and located on Sugar creek. He purchased on time 500 acres, and improved what is yet knoAvn as the "Rutty farm," on which his descendants remained. His son Ezra was a baby when the family came, and Ezra (third) eventually occupied the old homestead. Mr. Rutty died in 1813, and his Avidow five years later; they were buried in Riverside Cemetery. Abial Foster settled on the E. II. Horton farm; he married, in 1795, Mary Means a sister of William Means. He built a sawmill, among the first if not the very first, on the site of "Myer's Mills," and for years this was the important milling point. Mr. Foster died on the place he improved, August 10, 1841, aged seventy-seven. Mrs. Foster died November 3, 1855. Joshua Bailey, from New York, settled on Sugar creek in 1792 ; he had come to Wyalusing in 1791, stopped there with the Bennetts, married Susan and moved to his permanent place. He passed through Towanda, and describes the place where there was " a man living in a log cabin a little south of the present court-house," and that he had about four acres cleared, Avhich he offered him for $40. His nearest neighbor from his Sugar creek settlement was his brother-in-law, Amos Bennett. Mr. Bailey died February 14, 1861, aged ninety-two years. Martin Stratton came in 1794, stopped with Ezra Rutty, and in time married Ezra Rutty's daughter ; he Avas a mill-wright and carpenter; was five years in West Burlington, where he built a grist mill for the Goddards, and then returned to North Towanda, and in 18P5 bought an improvement of Amos Bennett, originally Seeley's. Martin and Cephas Stratton and Jonathan Holcomb erected a grist mill on Sugar creek, near where is Mr. Barne's saAvmill, and in 1809 a sawmill was added. Martin Stratton died November 3, 1821, aged sixty-three years, his Avidow soon after, and both sleep in Riverside Cemetery. Ozias Bingham, from NeAV York, a Revolutionary veteran, came to North Towanda in 1795 ; he married Martha Rutty. He had been a captain in the Continental army and was in the battle of German- toAvn, He was a widower Avhen he came West, and left his five children behind. He afterward brought on his children, and one of his sons opened a trading store at the family home, and exchanged peltries for goods. Mr. Bingham, who lived to be ninety-two years of age, died February 9, 1845. Stephen Powell (brother of Joseph C.) came to North Towanda, and purchased Dr. Baldwin's place. . Settling the Towanda Hills. — William Finch, of Connecticut, a Revolutionary soldier, was the first to settle on the " hills." He landed at " Bowman's eddy " in 1798, made a clearing on the Welles flats, and raised a crop of corn, but the overflows determined him to go to the hills. He built his cabin on the present William Welch 502 HISTORY O'F BRADFORD COUNTY. place. During the war he was taken a prisoner to Montreal. He dug his way out of prison, and made his escape to the American shore, whence he commenced a long and perilous journey homeward, traveling by night and keeping secreted by day, accompanied, day and night, with an empty stomach. His only guide through the wilderness was the sun and the moss on the trees ; after untold sufferings he reached the army, and served faithfully until peace was declared. He had learned the tailor trade, and tanned the skins, and made the clothes, including shoes, of his family for many years. He died at the age of eighty-six, and is buried at Cole's. His Avife, Mary (Huxley), lived to pass the age of eighty years. Andrew Gregg was in Sullivan's expedition up the river. After the Avar he married Nancy Santee, of Luzerne, then came to Ulster and from there to Towanda, in 1804, where he died April 25, 1846 ; his wife died, May 17, 1838. Benjamin Bosworth, a ReA'olutionary father, and a hatter by trade, came from Boston, and improved the Willis Fisher place. His neigh bor Avas Williston West, who settled on the Harry Decker place in 1812. West's second Avife was Susan Bosworth, daughter of Benjamin Bosworth ; the last named died suddenly at the age of eighty. Maj. Frederick Fisher came to Towanda in 1827, and was a prominent man of the olden time. He merchandised for a time at Monroeton; died May 14, 1857, aged over sixty years; his wife, Dolly (Cole), died May 16, 1865. William McGill (Irishman) came in 1802, lived with Jacob Bowman and eventually married Mary Bowman. He was a stone-mason, and after some time removed to the hills back of ToAvanda, and improved the Philander Ward place. He died in 1855, aged seventy-seven years ; his wife had preceded him six years. Benjamin Davidson, a farmer and lumberman, lived to be the oldest settler of the Towanda hills ; he Avas born January 31, 1807. Early Settlers in what is now the Borough of lowanda. — Of these the name of William Means will ever stand first, and the destiny, indeed the very existence of the place as a borough, owes everything to him. The town was (and it most probably should never have been changed) called " Meansville." He was of Irish descent, a son of Samuel Means, of Northumberland county at'the commencement of the Revolution. Samuel Means and one of his sons were in the army ; the father Avas fatally wounded in battle, and the son was never heard of after the battle of Wyoming, Avhere it Avas supposed he was killed. The family fled from Northumberland county from the invading savages, in which flight Mrs. Means carried, Avith her other children, an infant only six weeks old ; they went by canoe down the Susquehanna river, paddling around the bend by the light of their burning house. The family returned, when it vras safe, to their desolated home, but the brave mother survived only a short time, and the little children Avere scattered among different families. When Rudolph Fox fled down the river, they fell in company with the Means families, and this was the cause eventually of bringing William Means to Towanda, and soon after the war he came to look at the country. Another account says HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 503 that William followed boating, and in his trips became acquainted with his future wife, Elizabeth Fox. In 1794 he nad the contract to convey the French refugees from Harrisburg to their place in Asylum. The French, when he met them in Philadelphia, advanced him money on his contract, and he purchased goods which be brought along on the trip. On reaching their destination, he sold his boat to them, and on it they fixed a temporary shelter, and he hired as overseer of their build ing, and his energy and'thrift soon cleared him $1,000 in addition to the goods he had brought. This Avas the foundation of his fortune. He settled on the riATer directly opposite the old dam, and for many years kept tavern and a ferry — built the famous " Old Red Tavern " on Avhat is now the corner of Franklin and Main streets. He was licensed a " taverner" in 1797. His building was a two-story frame, and the store was in his old log house — his were the first store, tavern and distillery in Towanda. The " Old Red Tavern " Avas the court-house until the county buildings were erected in 1816. The jail was at Monroeton. In 1816 Mr. Means built his commodious (then of the most stylish plan of architecture) residence, yet standing on the corner of Main and Bridge streets, and there lived until the time of his demise. About the same time he erected a small building, 18 x 20 feet, on the corner of Main and Bridge streets, on the same lot with and south of his house, and occupied it as a store till he went out of business, his son William keeping the hotel for a series of years after 1816. Mr. Means was an extensive land-holder. He owned about 600 acres adjoining on the south by the Fox-chase farm, and extending north ward to about where Decker Bros', store now is. Besides he OAvned several hundred acres at Greenwood and other points. He lumbered extensively and shipped his lumber in rafts down the Susquehanna. In 1809 he built a sawmill at Van Gorder's on Towanda creek, and afterward a second one at Green Avood. In addition to his lumbering business he bought grain and shipped it in ark-loads to the lower counties. After the improvement of the public highways, he would load an old-fashioned " Dutch four-horse wagon " with peltry, go to Philadelphia, and then return with a load of goods. It required nearly six weeks' time to make the trip. By means of his ferry, Avhich was directly opposite the Red Tavern, com munication was opened with the east side of the ri\rer and the place thus greatly benefited. He was the first magistrate of the town (commissioned Dec. 20, 1800), and was generally known as "Esquire Means." In 1812, he was appointed postmaster of Towanda village. He was appointed county treasurer in 1815, and served one term. Mr. Means brought his sisters into the county, one after "another, and gave them a home in his family. The life of this active man was closed Oct. 3, 1829, at the age of 64 years. His body is entombed in the family burial ground on Second street. Mrs. Means, or "Grandma Means," as she Avas familiarly called, survived her hus band many years. The children of William and Elizabeth Means were William, John, Samuel, Celinda and Eliza. Ebenezer B. Gregory came here through the influence of Mr. Means. At all events he accompanied him on his return trip from 504 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Northumberland where he had gone after his sister, Nancy (Mrs. Dr. Warner). He lived in a double log house near the river, a little north east of the present residence of I. O. Blight, on the same lot. The building was used as a house of entertainment, and Mr. Gregory was licensed a "taverner" in 1802. He seems to have also engaged in the mercantile business for a short time, being marked "merchant" on the assessment roll of 1814. Mr. Gregory was a man of education and "very much of a gentleman." His Avife was an accomplished lady, and as early as 1810 or 1811 established a boarding school at her own house for young ladies and girls. Mr. Gregory Avas one of the original proprietors of Towanda, and donated from his portion two lots for an academy, which were subsequently appropriated to private uses. In about 1817 he removed to Owego, and died.] James Lewis located in the borough before 1798. He occupied a log house standing on the gulf, near where the Episcopal church now is. In about 1806 he moved into Monroe, Avhere he died in 1822. Frederick Eiklor Avas also one of the earliest inhabitants. He built and occupied a house Avhere M. E. Rosenfeld's store now stands. While dressing flax one day, it caught fire, and burned the house. He then moved to Rome. John Schrader, a Hessian soldier, who espoused the American cause, came to Towanda in or before 1799. He occupied a small board house, used both as a residence and cooper shop, which stood nearly east of the Presbyterian church, near the site of McKean's hotel. After a few years he moved to Greenwood and settled where the tannery now is. Nathaniel Talcutt was an early resident of Towanda and " kept a little store." His name is found for the last time on the assessment rolls in 1809. . . Adam Conley, a blacksmith, came in from the West branch, and married Miss Betsy, sister of William Means. He built and occupied a framed house, near the corner of Main and Pine streets, where Tracy & Nobles' block now is. On the opposite side of the street, on the site of Stevens & Long's store, he had his shop. After Mr. Conley's death, his Avidow moved to the head of Seneca lake, with her son Clark, Avhere she died. Their chil dren were : Clark, Joseph, John, William, Eliza, Mary and Jane, Clark learned the tailor's trade and had a shop adjoining his father's house. He subsequently moved to Ralston, Pa., and died there a few years since. Abijah Northrup (familiarly " Bij ") before the year 1800 built a log cabin on the ground noAv occupied by the First National Bank. He was one of the most noted pilots on the river. He afterward moved to an island near the mouth of Towanda creek, thence above Greenwood, where he died. His father, Nathan Northrup, a native of Connecticut, came to Athens at an early day with his family, whence " Bij " proceeded to Towanda. Col. Henry Spalding came to Towanda from Sheshequin in 1810. His store was below where is now the Barclay depot ; he then built his frame store, which was afterward occupied by Henry Mercur as a hatter's shop. In 1812 he built the Mix residence, and kept tavern there, and near it was his store. In 1813 the firm of Harry Spalding HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 505 & Co. was dissolved; his associates Avere John Robinson and Stephen C. King. Col. Spalding, who was the first treasurer of the count}', died May 23, 1821, aged thirty-seven. His children were : Franklin, Asa, Harry, James, Simon and Weltha. James Woodruff was the first tailor to locate in the place. He came from Wilkes-Barre in 1812. He enumerated the inhabitants as follows on his arrival : William Means, Harry Spalding, Adam Conley, Abijah Northrup, E. B. Gregory, Oliver Newell and the Watts family. Four frame houses and all others log cabins. He opened his tailor shop in a log house west of Gregory's, and prospered so that in time he built a hotel, abandoning the "goose"; his was the "Tiger Hotel," afterward kept by Daniel Bartlett, to whom he sold. Then built the "Bradford House," where is now the Reporter- Journal office, and council rooms. This, in 1840, he sold Ira H. Stevens, and purchased a farm in North Towanda, where he remained until 1863 ; thence went to Battle Creek, Mich., and spent the remainder of his days Avith his daughter. His daughter Celinda married Edward Young, whose sons are in Troy and Towanda. Francis Watts, of Scotch-Irish extraction, who had married Miss Jane, sister of Wm. Means, came in from the West branch not long after his brother-in-law, and occupied about 400 acres of Jand% extend ing from the Arcade block to Geo. Blackman's, and from the river a mile westAvard. He built a log house, nearly where Mr. Hawes' residence now is, and the homestead Avas in the occupancy of the family for more than three-quarters of a century. Mr. Watts died before 1809, and left a large family. Mrs. Watts only having a squatter's claim, gave one-half the possession to Harry Spalding for securing and advancing the money necessary to perfect the title. AndreAv Irvine, the tanner, came in 1812. He had received his discharge from the army, and was returning home when he stopped at Towanda, and his keen eye detected an eligible spot for a tannery. He purchased a half acre of ground of Esq. Means, and built a two- story log house, making a shop of the first floor. Irvine's lot adjoined Avhere is now Rosenfeld's store, and was back of Tidd's hotel ; he is the man who advertised " soal leather " for sale. Simon Kinney, Esq., the first white child born in the present town of Sheshequin, came to Towanda in 1813-14, to follow his profession — that of law. He was a son of Joseph Kinney, a soldier of the Revo lution, and Sarah (Spalding), a daughter of Gen. Simon Spalding, of Revolutionary celebrity. His early life was spent in assisting in clearing up a heavily timbered farm, receiving, in the meantime, a careful and intellectual training. At his majority he married -Phoebe Cash, and removed to a farm, which his father owned in Scipio, N. Y., and commenced the study of law. Finding his means inad equate to properly complete his studies and procure a library, the farm was sold and the proceeds used for establishing him in business at Towanda. He was a man of unquestioned legal ability, being the compeer of Mallory, Conyngham, Dennison, Strong, Wil liston, Overton, Baldwin and Watkins, leaders at the bar of Bradford and northern Pennsylvania. He was a member of the State Legisla- 506 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ture for the sessions of 1820-21 and 1821-22, the district then com prising the counties of Tioga and Bradford, also county treasurer for 1816-17. Mr. Kinney Avas a man of strong mind, and his service is favorably remembered by active participators in the political affairs of the time. Judge David Wilmot completed his law studies in Mr. Kinney's office. He was one of the most prominent and active men of the county. In 1834, he removed to Rockford, 111., with his family. Col. H. L. Kinney achieved an enviable celebrity by his dash, cour age and enterprise, which made him at one time quite the lion of the country. He was the founder of Corpus Christi, Texas, and peopled the town by a denomination of his own settlers ; served in the Mexican War in Gen. Scott's army; supplied the commissariat with stores from the resources of the country ; and was deemed a millionaire at the end of the Avar. He spent much of his fortune afterward in Central American expeditions. During the rebellion, he served in Mexico as colonel in her army, fought against the French and Maximilian, and was killed at Monterey while leading a small troop in ferreting out guerrillas in the city. He became one of the finest horsemen in Texas, taking lessons of the Comanches, and so far surpassing them that they were, to his mastery, but initiates. He won many victories over them in some of their sharpest fights. It will not be amiss, perhaps, to state that he married a daughter of Gen. Lamar of the " Lone Star" fame. Charles F. Welles, upon the organization of this county, received from the Governor authority to administer the oaths of office to the newly chosen officers, and himself Avas chosen prothonotary, clerk of the courts, register and recorder, and the first records of the county are in his own neat and peculiar penmanship. For ten years he was a resident of Towanda, when he removed to Wyalusing in 1822. He was a son of George Welles, one of the first settlers of Athens, and Avas born in Glastonbury, November 5, 1789. In 1816 he was joined in wedlock with Miss Ellen J,, daughter of Judge Hollenback. Mr. Welles was a man of varied and extensive reading. He wielded a busy pen, and contributed for the papers some of the best poetic articles which were published. Though never a politician, in the sense of aspiring for office, he took a deep interest in political questions. In early life he espoused the principles advocated by Jefferson ; later he became an admirer of Henry Clay, and a defender of his policy. During his res idence in Towanda he exerted a well-nigh controlling influence in the politics of the county. His articles on political questions, written at this time, were marked by breadth of view and urged with a cogency of reasoning that carried conviction to the mind of the reader, while the corrupt politician received scathing rebukes from his trenchant pen. He became an extensive land OAvner and left a fine fortune at his death, September 23, 1866. The Vandykes. — John Vandyke, a native of Holland, came to America and at first settled near Trenton, N. J., whence he removed to Turbit township, Northumberland county, Pa. He married an Irish lady, and remained in Northumberland, where he reared his family. In 1815, William Vandyke, a son, came to Towanda and purchased of John Leavenworth a tract of land on Towanda creek, including a grist- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 507 mill and a saAvmill. Mr. Vandyke and the balance of the family came the same or the following year. In 1817, John Vandyke was assessed as folloAvs : " Seven acres of land improved ; seven town lots ; two houses ; a tan-yard, and a horse and cow." His land extended from the Overton basin to State street. Mr. Vandyke's sons settled about him. Davis, " the saddler," occupied the James Ward place. He had a saddlery-shop on the ground Avhere Dr. Pratt's residence now stands. After some years he sold out and moved to Granville township, Avhere he lived until the time of his demise. Wilson, " the tanner," moved to Allegany, N. Y. and there died. John lived where Henry Porter now does. He sold out and removed to Canton, where he spent the residue of his days. In 1825, Mr. Vandyke and his son William, traded their property in ToAvanda with H. W. Tracy, for land in Ulster township, on what is now known as Moore's hill, and moved there Avhile the locality was yet a wilderness. The farm on Avhich they both spent their last days is yet owned and occupied by the family. William married Miss Susan, daughter of James Dougherty, Avhose mother's maiden name was Hammond. He Avas the father of G. H. Vandyke, of Ulster, ex-Democratic count}7 commissioner. Eliphalet Mason came to Towanda in 1816, " being the twelfth family within the borough limits." He built a house on the corner west of Main street, and north of State street, Avhich he afterward sold to George Scott. In 1820 he erected a stone house, out of small stones, in front of the Public Square, standing where Jordan's meat market now is. The building Avas named the " Stone Heap," but nick-named the " Stone-Jug." He built a stone building adjoining, and engaged in selling groceries for about a year. In 1822 he erected a storehouse on the corner of Court and Maine streets, opposite the Public Square,. Avhich he rented to Gurdon HeAvett. Of Mr. Mason's residence in Towanda he says: "In the spring of 1817 grain was very scarce. Corn had been ruined by the frosts of the fall before, and every kind of food was in meagre supply. It became evident that some one must undertake to supply the village with meat, and as I could best afford the time, the task fell upon me. Indeed, so great was the dependence, that the villagers could not boil the pot without my providing." For many years Mr. Mason Avas one of the most prominent men of the county. His early life, was spent in teaching. In the fall of 1814 he Avas commissioned lieutenant of militia, and Avith others was drafted in the War of 1812. A company of 110 men was raised, and placed under his command and sent to DanA'ille, aAvaiting orders; but returned home after a month's absence. At the October election, 1814, he Avas chosen county auditor, being the only Democrat elected on the ticket that year. From April, 1815, he acted as deputy sheriff, under A. C. Rockwell, till the close of his term, and transacted nearly all the business con nected with the office. In 1816 he was elected county commissioner over A. C. Rockwell, his brother-in-laAv, the Federal candidate. July 1, 1818, he was commissioned by Governor Findlay, recorder of deeds, and in conjunction with the prothonotary to administer oaths of office to such persons as might be appointed by the Governor. In 1824 he Avas appointed a commissioner Avith EdAvard Eldred and Wm. Brindle 508 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. to lay out a State road from Muncy to Towanda. Again, in 1829, he was elected to the office of county commissioner, having a greater majority than his competitor had votes. In 1837 Mr. Mason and his son, Gordon F., purchased several thousand acres of land of the Asylum Company, lying in Bradford countv. The investment proved a fruitful one. Mr. Mason continued in active and varied business till 1844, when he threAv off most of his cares to enjoy his closing days. He found great comfort in making verse, reading his papers, and in frequently contributing an article to the press. His Avritings will be remembered by many under the sobriquet of "Old South." Mr. Mason was a man of genius, indomitable energy and undaunted courage. His honesty and integrity were never questioned, and of littleness he was never accused. His life was a successful one and a noble example. Walter S. Minthorn, a mechanic, came to Towanda in 1817. He was a soldier of the War of 1812, and lost a leg. For a while he lived on the corner of Second and State streets, finally moving to Rome. Nathaniel Heacock, a carpenter, was assessed in Towanda in 1817. He lived at the terminus of Second street, with Lombard. From Towanda he went to Canton. William Kelly and sons, Lewis and William, mechanics, settled in Towanda in 1818. He established a ferry across the river, the wharf being at the terminus of State street, and Avas knoAvn as the upper, or Kelly's ferry. His house stood on the corner of Water street, south of State. He also kept a grocery for a while, on Court street, which he sold to Benjamin Hunt. Lewis Kelly lived on Second street, where Benjamin Northrup noAv does. He followed cabinet-making. Thinking NeAvton a more favorable place for his business, he moved thither. Dr. Charles Whitehead located at Towanda in 1818. His house stood a little south of N. N. Bett's residence, in the same lot, which he then owned. He Avas a man of ability and considerable eminence. From 1820 and 1823 he Avas register and recorder of the county. He was also a justice of the peace. He died in 1825 (aged thirty-one years), and was buried in Riverside Cemetery. Mrs. Whitehead taught school in the village after her husband's death. Lewis P. Franks, a printer, came to Towanda in 1817, and edited the Washingtonian, the first regular Federal paper in the county. After continuing the paper about a year he turned its management over to Octavius Holden, who continued its publication only a short time. Franks is remembered as a central figure, with a keen intellect, but eccentric. He wielded an able and trenchant pen. Upon leaving ToAvanda he went to Philadelphia, where he engaged in journalism. John StoAver was a deputy sheriff and jailor under Lemuel Streeter, haA'ing removed to Towanda in 1819. He at first lived in the base ment of the old court-house, then built on his lot. the same as now occupied by Mercur's block. He sold out to Col. Harry Mix, and removed to Binghamton, where a son had preceded him, and gone into business. Charles Comstock occupied the lot of now Judge Benjamin M. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 509 Peck, and had a store a little south of his present residence. He came to Towanda in 1819, and removed to Athens in about 1823, where he was a merchant for many years. Jacob P. Ensley, a shoemaker, was a resident of Towanda in 1819, and occupied the first floor of Jesse Woodruff's tailor shop. . . . James E. Haslet, a mason, was also a resident of the borough in 1819, and lived in a small house Avhere Hon. W. T. Davies' residence now is. . . . Edwin Benjamin came to Towanda in about the same time (1818) that he and Lemuel Streeter purchased the Bradford Gazette. He was postmaster of Towanda in 1819, and county clerk in 1821. He lived where A. Snell's residence now is. Elisha Newberry, a blacksmith, began Avorking at his trade in the village in 1819. He subsequently went to Troy, and became a prom inent citizen there. Hon. George Scott, a native of Berkshire county, Mass., born November 19, 1784, ha\Ting attained his majority, in company with an elder brother, David, started for the "Sunny South" to begin life in earnest and make his fortune. The young men were both Avell edu cated for those days, and had decided to engage in school-teaching Avhen an opportunity presented itself, until something more congenial and paying should be found. Accordingly, sometime in 1805, they set out with a single horse, and drifted into Wysox, Bradford county. They made their business known, Avhereupon the citizens called a meeting at the house of Burr RidgeAvay, and George Avas hired to teach the school of the district. David found employment Avest of the river. He also clerked for William Means, read law in the mean time, and finally went to Wilkes-Barre, where he was admitted to the bar. He became a man of note ; Avas prothonotary of Luzerne county, and for several years Avas president judge of the Luzerne district. George continued teaching in Wysox, and having been appointed a justice of the peace, purchased a lot next beyond the " brick church," and built a house thereon. Finally, Miss Lydia, daughter of Henry Strope, " possessed the necessary charms," and he became a permanent fixture in the county. Upon the organization of the county in 1812, he was appointed an associate judge with John McKean, by Gov. Snyder, and held that office until 1818. He was clerk to the county commissioners from 1815 to 1820, and Avas appointed prothonotary in 1818, and register and recorder in 1824, which office he held till 1830. In 1816 he Avas appointed a com missioner to superintend the distribution of the funds appropriated for the building of the State road, " extending eastward and westward through the county," and passing through Towanda. In the Autumn of 1819, Mr. Scott moved to Towanda with his family, and took up his residence on the corner north of State street, west of Main, but afterward< lived and died on the ground now occu pied by Dr. Pratt. He edited and published the Bradford Settler from 1821 to 1823, his printing office standing east of Main street, and south of State, near the corner. From 1823 to 1824 he Avas county treasurer, and for many years AAras prominent in the politics of the county. He died at Towanda, March 2, 1834, and was buried in 510 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Riverside Cemetery. Mrs. Scott survived her husband many years ; she "was born in Wysox, February 29, 1788, and died in Towanda, February 25, 1881. William Hart, a native of New Jersey, came to Wysox about the close of the War of 1812, in which he served as a farrier and shod Capt. (afterward Gen.) Scott's horse. He was for a time connected with Hollenback's store and house of entertainment. While here engaged, he married a daughter of Henry Strope. In 1818 he moved to Towanda and rented the "Red Tavern" and ferry of Mr. Means. He perhaps kept the hotel but one year, then worked at his trade, that of blacksmith. He finally moved to Monroeton, where he resided until the time of his death. Gurdon Hewett, Avho had engaged in lumbering at Monroe, and married a daughter of Wm. Means, came to Towanda in 1819, and engaged in the mercantile business. He built a store on the corner of Main and Bridge streets, where Patton's block now stands, and a residence farther east. About 1827 he removed to Owego, N. Y.,and engaged in the banking business, and became, it is said, a millionaire. He was the architect of his OAvn fortune, having begun life as a poor boy. From 1821 to 1822 he was treasurer of Bradford county. William Keeler came. to Towanda in 1820, and for a couple of years kept hotel. He was then a partner in the mercantile busi ness Avith Thomas Elliott. They occupied the store south of the "Stone Jug," erected by E. Mason, where Fitclr's confectionery store noAv is. Joseph C. Powell, upon being elected sheriff, came to ToAvanda to reside in 1821. He was the son of Stephen Powell, a Revolutionary soldier, who emigrated from Dutchess county, N. Y., to Ulster, Brad ford county, in 1798, and settled the first farm above " the narrows." In 1836 he Avas made prothonotary by the voluntary suffrages of the people, and a member of the State Legislature in 1849. Upon moving to Towanda Mr. Powell at first occupied the "Barstow House," but finally removed to North Towanda on his farm, Avhere he remained until the time of his death, September 2, 1854. After having lost his first Avife, he married Mrs. Vespnsian Ellis, nee Selina Phillips. Of his first marriage, Percival and B. Franklin were Avell known. The former, for some time postmaster of Towanda, engaged in tailorino' and the sale of ready-made clothing; and the latter in journalism, being for many years editor of the Bradford Argus, and a proprietor Avith "Judge " Parsons. Of his second marriage were children : Lucretia married to John K. Baker, of Bath, N. Y. ; Mary, married to W. B.' Webb, of Chicago; and the Hon. Joseph. Andrew Trout (1821), a blacksmith, and a soldier of the War of 1812, Avas a resident of Towanda till 1831, when he was drowned with George H. Bingham at Shamokin dam. He had a number of sons, who became bright men. Warren Brown came to Towanda as early as 1817. He built the "County House" so called from its having been built of second-hand material, procured of the county commissioners. This building stood Avhere is the residence of J. J. Griffith, and was used as a hotel oy Mr. J 5W£ HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 513 Brown as early as 1824. He was clerk of the county from 1826-'30; and in about 1832 went West Avith his family. James Catlin and Octavius Holden were early residents of Towanda, and among the first printers. . WiUiam F. Dinniger, a Frenchman skilled in the art of teaching, came here from Wysox, taught school and resided for awhile. The early records of Wysox show that he took quite an active part in politics, and held various local offices. He was somewhat rigid and eccentric as a teacher, and is well remembered by some of the elderly people. Among early families that were here for a short time only, are remembered : The Moores, the Wheelers, the Beebes, the Leaven worths, the Ingrams. . . Thomas Elliott established himself in the mercantile business, near the corner of Main and Pine streets, in 1821. He Avas for sometime associated with William Keeler, and afterward with Hiram Mercur. Here, in 1846, the Hon. Joseph Powell took his first lessons in the mercantile art. Mr. Elliott Avas a prominent merchant of the town for rtiany years. He built a spacious mansion in the southern part of the village, where he died in affluence in 1868, aged seventy -six years. His aged widow and son, Edward T., occupy the homestead. Mr. Elliott Avas the first president of the old Towanda Bank. He was a man of strict integrity, and was greatly respected. Theodore Geroulds (1822), a blacksmith, lived on Water street for awhile. Col. Hiram Mix came to Towanda in 1822 from Myersburg, where he had been a merchant, purchased a lot of John StoAvers and opened a store in partnership with his brother, St. John Mix. Col. Hiram Mix closed his days in Towanda. His children were: William, Harry, Hiram, Amelia (Mrs. D. F. Barstow), Emeline (Mrs. D. Hus ton), Elizabeth (Mrs. Jno. F. Means), Matilda (Mrs. Jos. Kingsbury) and Ellen (Mrs. St. John Mix). Of these Harry, Amelia and Matilda are still living. William Avas the father of John W. Mix, of Towanda. Nathaniel N. Betts, the father of N. N. Betts, cashier of the First National Bank of Towanda, came from Oxford, N. Y., in about 1820 to officiate as clerk for Gurdon Hewett, with whom he subsequently became a partner. After Mr. Hewett removed to Owego, he sent Jos. D. Montanye to Towanda as his clerk, who finally became a partner in the concern. Mr. Hewett subsequently sold his interest to the other two, and the firm became Betts & Montanye. They were for several years one of the principal firms of ToAvanda, and occupied the corner of Court and Main streets, Avhere P. L. Decker now is. Mr. Betts married a daughter of Esquire Means, and after her death he married Miss Eliza Clark, daughter of Dr. Adonijah Warner, of Wysox, Avhich union was blessed by the birth of Eliza Ellen (Mrs. Dr. H. C. Porter) and Nathaniel Noble. Mr. Betts was,, in his later years, a magistrate, and scrupulously honest in his official relations. He died in 1875 at the age of seATenty-six years. Benjamin Hunt (1822) kepjt a cake, beer and confectionery estab lishment on the ground now occupied by McCrany's livery stables, on State street, and afterward had a grocery on Court street, betAveen the Presbyterian church and Frost's Sons' ware-rooms. Dr. John N. Weston was born in Norwich, Conn., February 12, £8 514 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1794. He made his advent into the county in the winter of 1813-14, instructing in the art of penmanship, but remained only until the fol lowing spring. George W. Cash, son of Capt. Isaac Cash, one of the first settlers in Athens and Ulster, came to Towanda in 1822, and entered into part nership AA'ith Morris Spalding in the tanning business, which was con tinued under the firm name of Spalding & Cash for five years. They purchased of the Vandykes. Mr. Cash afterward went to Texas, and enlisted in the war for Texan independence. He Avas captured by the Mexicans, and put to death in cold blood by orders of Santa Anna. Gen. William Patton, a native of Mifflin county, Pa., and lawyer by profession, came to ToAvanda in 1823. Mr. Patton was a magis trate, and held at successive periods clerkships in the State Senate, and in the United States War and Navy Departments, and General Land-Office, and also in the United States Senate, serving in the last body for more than a quarter of a century. He was a captain in the militia, and in 1833 Avas elected major-general, and at the age of sixty-five volunteered for the defense of Washington against an expected attack during the late Rebellion. Gen. Patton married, first, the eldest daughter of Reuben Hale, and for his second wife, Mrs. Ann J. Gai, of Washington, D. C. Mrs. J. J. Griffith is a daughter, and the Hon. Jos. G. Patton, a son, he having derived his title by having been a Senatorial Delegate to the Constitutional Com'ention of 1872 to revise the organic laAv of the State. Gen. Patton died in 1877, at the age of a little more than 78 years. James McClintock, a young man of superior ability, came to Towanda in 1824 to read law with his uncle, Ethan Baldwin. His first plea before a jury was in the case of the Commonwealth vs. Hall, for an aggravated assault on James P. Bull, editor of the Bradford Settler, in Avhich he displayed great oratorial powers. His poetic genius Avas also more than medium. He settled in Wilkes-Barre. Death robbed him at once of a loved wife, Avhich together with the loss of a large property and political defeat, unbalanced a brilliant intellect, and the darkness of insanity settled on him forever, momen tary gleams of the sunlight of reason only rendering the gloom more fearful. Dr. Caleb W. Miles was the first permanent resident physician of Towanda. . James Gilson, a cabinet-maker, established himself in business at Towanda in 1824. He lived about where Henry Porter now does, and had a cabinet shop nearly on the line between the late James Macfarlane and D. A. Overton. . . Jared Downing Goodenough came to ToAvanda in 1824, from Oxford, N.Y. He Avas a saddler and har ness-maker, and carried on the business here for seA'eral years, also fol lowing general merchandising. In 1835 he was elected justice of the peace, and held the office consecutively for seventeen years. He died January 6, 1874, in his eighty -second year, and his remains are interred in Riverside Cemetery. In 1825 he was united in marriage Avith Sybil, daughter of the late Daniel BroAvn, of Wyalusing. O. D. Goodenough, son of Jared Goodenough, was a Avell-known resident of ToAvanda, for many years connected with journalism, wielding an able, fluent and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 515 versatile pen, and in a manner pleasing. In 1859, the Bradford Her ald Avas published by Chase & Goodenough ; in 1871 the Towanda Business Item, by Goodenough and Clauson. Ebenezer Bartlett, the ancestor of the family in Bradford county, was a Revolutionary patriot, and was among the freemen who struck the first blow for liberty at Lexington. Elinas Beebe, a hatter, located in Towanda in 1823, and Elnathan Beebe, who followed the same vocation, in 1825. William Flatt, a carpenter, came to Towanda in 1823; married a daughter of William Keeler, and finally removed West. . Francis Delpuech, born at Geneva, Switzerland, and a gentleman of culture, educated in French, in 1S24 chose the quietude of Towanda to spend the residue of his days, and accordingly purchased the Oliver Newell property. He was a skillful artist, and had a great passion for flowers, which he took pride in cultivating. Mr. and Mrs. Delpuech were estimable personages. Hon. George Tracy, son of Solomon Tracy, a Revolutionary sol dier, and early settler in Ulster (1787), came to ToAvanda in 1824, and engaged in mercantile business; his brother, Hon. H. W. Tracy, of Standing Stone, being associated with him. His store was where the residence of D. A. Overton now is. Mr. Tracy moved to Monroeton in 1832. . William D. VanHorn, a carpenter, and also Curtis Frink, a blacksmith, were added to the populace of the town in 1824. . . David Cash, a nepheAv and Jaw partner of Simon Kinney, began the practice of his profession at Towanda in 1825. He was elected prothonotary of the county in 1839, and Avas a candidate for the State Senate, but Avas defeated by Hon. Samuel Morris, of Luzerne county. Mr. Cash was interested in the construction of the North Branch Canal, and also of the Barclay Railroad. He built a fine residence on the corner of Third and Poplar streets, on the south side of the latter, and there lived until the time of his death, in 1864, aged seventy years. His wife, Mary Ann Spencer, died in 1883, at the age of seventy-seven years. The children of David and Mary A. Cash Avere: George, Charles, Fred, Louise (Mrs. James Wood) and Mary (Mrs. H. S. Gris- wold). David Cash was a brother of George W. Cash. Alva Kellogg, a blacksmith, began business in Towanda in 1S25. He married a daughter of Noah Spalding and lived where A. Snell now does. . . Warren Jenkins, grocer, began business in Towanda in 1825. He subsequently engaged in journalism. . . Gilbert H. Drake, wagon- maker, located at Towanda in 1825. He had his shop on the ground now occupied by James McCabe's residence, his house standing where the Methodist Episcopal church noAv is. Benjamin Spees was associated with him for awhile. Drake afterward built a house and shop on the ground now occupied by Humphrey Bros, ife Tracy. He removed to Montrose in 1866. Hon. David F. Barstow, a native of Litchfield county, Conn., who studied law at Albany, N. Y., and was admitted to practice in 1821, came to Towanda in 1825. He was a gentleman of letters, a graduate of Union College, and began life in Towanda as a teacher. For many years he was a magistrate, and did an extensive business in connection Avith collecting. He also practiced at the bar. Mr. Barstow was a 516 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. man held in high esteem by his felloAv-toAvnsmen and was honored by them Avith various local offices of responsibility and trust, and served the county in the lower branch of the State Legislature from 1838 to 1840. He was an active, pious and devoted member of the Episcopal Church, and stood prominent in its councils, and was a ready supporter of both church and school interests. William Payson was a deputy sheriff, and lived in the old court house. He came to the village as early as 1820, moving finally to the State line. . . Byron Kingsbury, son of Col. Joseph Kingsbury, of Sheshequin, located in the northern part of the village in 1825, on the farm now owned and occupied by his son, W. W. Kingsbury. . . George Robinson, a weaver by occupation, settled (1825) in the upper part of the village. He was familiarly known as " Robinson Crusoe." Thomas Barnes married a daughter. . . Deacon James Elliot, a brother of Thomas, kept a grocery and drug store, in 1825, on the corner of Main and Poplar streets, where Clark B. Porter now is. Subsequently Mr. Elliott sold out and removed to Ulster, where he remained some years, then returned to Towanda to close his years, which almost reached a hundred. Morris Spalding, a cousin of Col. Harry, lived in Towanda for a number of years, first coming thereto as early as 1817. In 1822 he and Geo. W. Cash were associated together in the tanning business, which they continued till about 1827. He Avas postmaster of Towanda in 1822, appointed county clerk in 1824, and elected county commissioner in 1834. In 1825, he kept a store and occupied the framed house, near where the new Episcopal church foundation now is. He afterward kept a store farther down town, and finally removed to the State of Illinois with his family. Obadiah Spalding, a brother of Col. Harry, a " mechanic and single freeman," lived in ToAvanda from 1812 to 1817. . . Noah Spalding, another brother of Col. Harry, who had been associated with Wm. B. Spalding (a brother) in lumbering on the Towanda creek, became a villager in about 1822. He built a tavern on the east side ofthe river, a little north of where the bridge approach nowis, and kept it in con nection \yith a ferry. He died in 1835, aged forty -seven years, and is buried at Riverside. . . John A. Spalding came to ToAvanda in 1824. He was a carpenter by trade ; Avas elected constable ; and afterward kept a grocery for some time. . . J. W. and G. K. Bingham erected a store on the ground where the Presbyterian church now stands, and began business in 1826. . Elisha Munger, a silversmith, or watch repairer, etc., came to the village in 1825. In 1826 the following were also residents of 'the village ; Wm. W. Goodrich, shoemaker; John Turner, merchant; Robert Dunham, tailor; AndreAv Mclntyre; John W. Berger, wagon-maker. Tn 1827 were added : Charles R. Brown, a cabinet-maker, who had a small shop and continued in business for some time. . . Thomas Polleys, a shoe maker, became somewhat conspicuous as a fisherman. He had two sons, one of whom at one time edited a paper at Waverly, N. Y. . . Burton Kingsbury opened a stor.e on the ground now occupied by E. F. Dittrich & Co., grocers, where he continued in business for some HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 517 years, then supplanted the Avooden building by a brick one. In 1S29 he built a brick residence on the corner of Pine and Main streets. Dr. Samuel C. Huston, a native of Essex county, Mass., came to Towanda in 1827. He became eminent in his profession, Avas a man of great firmness, integrity of purpose and strong likes and dislikes. HeAvas unswervingly a Democrat in politics, and prominently identified with the Masonic Fraternity. Dr. Huston married Miss Emeline, daughter of Col. Hiram Mix. He died May 20, 1856, aged sixty years. A son occupies a part of the homestead on York avenue. Huston street was so called in his honor. . William W. Good rich had come in 1826 from New York to take charge of the tanning interests of George Kirby, Avho, for a time, had a tannery on the bank of the river, near the west end of the old dam. He engaged in shoe- making and in the sale of merchandise. After some years he removed to Wysox, where he died. The following citizens Avere added to Towanda in 1828 : Jesse Taylor, a house-painter and chair-maker by occupation. . Jacob Whitman, a tailor, and a man of much activity. . Perrin Wells, also a tailor, had a shop where G. M. Clark's place of business now is. EdAvard F. Young started the first foundry at Towanda. It was operated by horse-power, and stood on the bank of the river just above State street. Spencer Goodale, in a couple of years, became the owner of the property. Mr. Young subsequently built up an extensive business at Monroeton. . George Wansey, who was an Englishman of culture and considerable landed estate, was a resident of the county- seat for several years. He was a Christian gentleman of great benev olence. So attached Avas he to his native country that he never became a naturalized citizen of the United States. Mrs. Wansey was an English lady of paragon amiability. She moved with her husband to Genesee Falls, N. Y. Additions made in 1829 : Samuel Gordon, a saddler and harness- maker, was a resident of the village for several years. . Pliny Nichols was assistant county clerk, then engaged in business Avhere the "Ward House" noAv stands. He died in 1832, and his widoAv subse quently married Dr. Hiram Rice. . Zenus and Benjamin Thomas, cousins, and hatters by occupation, were successors to Henry Mercur. The latter, especially, was a man of remarkable natural talents. His children were exceptionally bright, and he that was familiarly known as "Little Ben Thomas " in ToAvanda, more than thirty years ago, is to-day that clear-headed gentleman, who has the general superintendency of the New York, Lake Erie & Western Railroad. Much to his credit, he earned his place by his sterling integrity, perseverance, care and punctuality in busi ness, having begun his career as a poor boy. . The Hon. Ellis Lewis was one of the prominent men of- Towanda; in 1832 he was a volunteer candidate for the State Legislature, being indorsed by the Independent Democrats and National Republicans, and Avas elected over the regular Democratic nominee. He was a bright and able mind, and at the time of his practice at the county seat was conceded to be the ablest lawyer of the Bradford county bar. While in the 518 HisTorY of Bradford county State Legislature he made an excellent record, and displayed superior judgment, making him so conspicuous in the State, that he Avas soon after chosen attorney general. Subsequently he became president judge of "the several courts of. Lancaster county, and in 1851 was elected to the bench of the supreme court of Pennsylvania, becoming chief justice, January 5, 1855. As a lawyer and jurist he ranked among the foremost, and leaves a bright page on the judicial history of the " Keystone State." He spent the last year of his life in Philadel phia, Avhere he left a fine fortune. William Watkins was born in Windsor county, Vt., was admitted to the bar in Montpelier in 1825. In 1828 he married Almira Hulett, and soon after removed to Towanda. He gave himself immediately to the practice of his profession, never engaging in speculation, and only participating in the passing questions of the day, when he considered a moral principle to be involved. His keen perception of character and motive, and persistency of purpose, secured him, in time, a repu tation for shrewdness as a lawyer, and the integrity of mind, that Avas a distinguishing trait, gave him an undisputed claim to the confidence of his clients and the respect of his neighbors and friends. Mr. Wat kins was a man of strong convictions, and of such as did not always lead him into avenues of popularity. He identified himself with the earliest Abolition movements in the county, when a single old colored man, familiarly known as " Black Henry," was his main ally. Years later, in the inter\ral of which history Avas verifying the correctness of his sympathies, his eldest son, Lieut. Col. Guy H. Hawkins, avIio had early enlisted in the War of the Rebellion, fell in the fruitless charge before Petersburg, June 18, 1864. Mr. Watkins died Septem ber 12, 1877, aged seventy-five years, in the home he inhabited nearly fifty years; Mrs. Watkins died February 9, 1879, at the age of seventy two. Their children were two sons, Guy H. and William H., and two daughters, who married Hon. W. T. Davies, and H. L. L'Amoureaux, respectively. , Wm. T. Buttrie manufactured chairs, bedsteads, etc., for several years, and did a good business. He had his shop on the bank of the river, between State and Pine streets . . . Nathaniel Eaton, a chair- maker, was associated first with James Gillson and afterward with Chas. R. BroAvn . . . William Foley attended ferry for Mr. Kelly. Mrs. Foley was the village laundress, and introduced paper collars among the young men . . . Hamlet A. Kerr for two years edited and published the Bradford Settler . . . Seth W. Paine engaged in the mercantile trade until 1835, when he sold out and went to Troy, Avhere he did an exten sive business, which gave a great impetus to the growth of that toAvn. Mr. Paine has been a man of much enterprise, and is yet living at Troy at an advanced age. Capt. Nicholas Hentz, of France, landed in this country in 1816 and settled in Wilkes-Barre, and learned the tinner's trade, whence he removed to Towanda in 1830. He served as a captain in the French army under Napoleon I., in the Imperial Guard, and afterward in regiments of the line, from 1806 to the doAvnfall of the emperor, but did not resign his commission until he accompanied his father to the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 519 United States. His father, Nicholas Hentz, Avas a member of the National Assembly of France during the Revolution of 1792, and belonged to the party of the Mountain, and was a colleague of Robes pierre and St. Just. He was on the legislative committee, and assisted in compiling the code of laws known as the " Code Napoleon." After the death of Robespierre he was proscribed by the convention and sentenced to imprisonment for life in the castle' of Ham, but lived in concealment, under the assumed name of Arnold, for a number of years, and thus eluded being captured. Hiram Rice learned the printer's trade with J. P. Bull, and from 1833 to 1835 was editor and proprietor of the Northern Banner. He studied medicine, and removed to Rome where he practiced until the time of his demise. A son, Dr. Wm. Rice, succeeded him, and ranks high in the medical profession. Mrs. Rice is an accomplished lady, and is yet living at an advanced age. . James Warford was a wagon-maker of the village for a number of years. In his younger . days he had read all the popular tales, and took great pride in rehears ing them to the village lads. . Nehemiah J. Keeler folloAved clerk ing for a number of years in ToAvanda. He was married to a daugh ter of Jesse Taylor. . A. C. Steadman, for a time a resident of the borough, was a cabinet-maker by trade. . John E. Geiger, a, gun smith, came from Elmira to ToAvanda in 1830 and started the first regular gun shop in the town and perhaps in the county. He was a thorough and skillful workman, and continued at his trade until 1858, when he Avas succeeded by his son, J. V. Geiger, popularly known as " Boss Geiger," who is still engaged in the same business. Mr. Geiger purchased a desirable property in East Towanda, where he spent his closing days. William Smalley began blacksmithing in the village in 1832 ; sub sequently sold to his brother Isaac and removed to Ulster. Lyman H. Hodges kept an "inn" in 1832, Avhere the "Ward House " now stands. . Mark C. Arnout came as a tanner, in 1832, and finally bought out Andrew Irving. After some years he removed to Granville township and then engaged in farming. . Eli Beard began selling goods in 1833, on the corner now occupied by Stevens & Long. He finally moved to Troy and re-engaged in same business. Neely & Shoemaker came to Towanda in the same year as Beard, and kept a store where Decker Brothers now are. . George W. Miles in 1833, was engaged in Avatch-making and repairing. John Savage, a hatter; Edward Watts, a tailor; Charles Tousey, a saddler ; George A. Mix (brother of Col. Hiram), a teacher ; Thomas Shiply, a tailor ; Nathan Tuttle, a shoemaker, Avho afterward built a hotel on the ground now occupied by the Presbyterian church. Those who came to Towanda in 1834 were H. L. Kingsbury, painter; Daniel Miller, blacksmith ; G. H. Bunting, tailor ; Silas Noble, lawyer ; Edward Young, a native of England, and father of Prothon- " otary Young, came to the village previously, and in 1839 moved to Columbia. In 1835-36 the following names Avere added to the assessment list of Towanda: John C. Adams, lawyer; Sheldon S. Bradley; J. M. 520 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Chilson, silversmith ; Hogan & Gantine, printers; G. H. Dalrymple, tailor; John R. Eaton, shoemaker ; John Frost, shoemaker ; Abram Goodwin, merchant; — Johnson, silversmith ; Dummer Lilley, printer; John Lockwood, blacksmith ; Clement Paine, merchant ; Page & Ells worth, merchants ; Isaac H. Ross, shoemaker (also kept hotel) ; Isaac C. Ray, barber ; Jonathan R. Coolbaugh ; William B. Storm, cashier of Towanda Bank; R. B. SteAvart, merchant; Richard Wheeler, grocer; Edward White, merchant ; David Wilmot, lawyer ; Richard Wright, hatter ; Jabez Wright, hatter ; George Williams, tailor. Names added in 1837: Bottom & Scott, bridge builders; Thomas Black, shoemaker; V. H. Bruce, cabinet-maker; William E. Barton, constable ; S. S. Bailey, merchant ; Jeremiah Culp, saddler ; Edmund S. Castle, merchant ; E. S. Clark, grocer ; A. M. Coe, inn-keeper ; Thomas Coombs, shoemaker; A. S. Chamberlain, commissioners' clerk; John Decker, shoemaker ; — Harkness, grocer ; L. L. Hancock, shoe maker ; James P. Kinsman ; J. P. LaAvrence ; Adonijah Moody, butcher; John Morris, carpenter; James Matoon, brickmaker ; — , O'Grady ; Amos Pennypacker, tailor ; Samuel Riley, blacksmith ; Nicholas Shoemaker, of the firm of Neely & Shoemaker ; Seth Steel, barber ; Elkanan Smith, saddler ; H. H. Seely, fork-maker ; Charles Shockey, baker ; Rial Taylor, blacksmith ; G. H. Taylor, grocer ; Daniel Vandercook, cabinet-maker ; John Wilson, bedstead manufac turer ; Sterling W. Wells, blacksmith ; Henry Yontz, tailor. Names added in 1838 : E. F. Bliven, wagon-maker ; Hiram Beech, printer ; Allen S- Burnham, inn-keeper ; R. R. Carpenter, crockery merchant ; John Carman, foundryman ; Luke Gillespie ; Francis Heath, blacksmith ; J. P. Kirby & Co.; Isaac W. Loveland ; James Nestor, grocer; Ralph Peters; G. W. Rowbaker ; George Sanderson, lawyer ; Abram Savercool ; Gilbert Seeman, tailor ; George Stein, blacksmith • William Shephard ; Patrick Slain, grocer ; C. Sullivan, shoemaker ; O. R. Tyler, merchant ; Hugh O'Hara, grocer. Names added in 1839; Henry Butler; John Britton, butcher; Abram Brads, wagon-maker; Thomas Barnes; Josiah Betts, shoe maker; M. J. Clark, contractor; William Chamberlin, silversmith ; A. F. Day, cooper; Henry Essenwine, blacksmith; Gabriel Eldredge, hatter; Freeman Fairchild, harness-maker; John B. Ford, tailor ; E. L. Fuller, printer; Stephen Hathaway, shoemaker; James H. Heaton, lawyer; Harvey Jones, inn-keeper; H. F. Kellum, clerk ; A. M. War ner, sih'ersmith ; Tracy & Moore, merchants ; William H. Overton ; Ziba Partridge ; Samuel B. Roberts, grocer ; Charles Day, cooper. Names added in 1840 : E. W. Baird, attorney ; Miles Carter, mer chant ; Coryell, Heylman Co., dam-builders ; John Carter. Among the most prominent and distinguished personages Avho have been residents of Towanda since 1840 were the following : Hon. John LaPorte, Chris topher L. Ward, Hon. James R. Coburn, Col; G. F. Mason, James •Macfarlane, Warner H. Carnochan, Jacob Dewitt, Col. Abram Edwards, Hon. L. P. Williston, John P. Cox. TOWANDA borough. Towanda, the most populous town in the county, is situated on the right bank of the Susquehanna, at the eastern end of a plateau that HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 5&1 rises about 1,400 feet above the river, and extends westward to the Armenia mountains. The court-house is in latitude 41° 47' north, and in longitude 25° 28' east of Washington. The altitude on Main street in front of the Public Square is 732 feet above tide. We give the following apt description in the words of another : " The town is beautifully located, standing on the Wysox end of the bridge, it spreads itself out before the beholder like a pre-Raphael- ite picture, glowing in the sunlight and shadows. The foreground of the landscape is 'the broad blue mirror of the Susquehanna, and the long line of stately stores and warehouses of Main street, broken by the spires of the court-house and the Presbyterian church. While rising in terraces, peeping out from the beautiful foliage Avhich half conceals them, the comfortable homes and neat residences on Second, Third and Fourth streets, clinging to the hilly back-ground, recall to the mind visions of the celebrated hanging gardens of ancient Baby lon. It is a scene of natural beauty that is rare in its combination of . natural and artificial adornments — one that is rare in any country, even in our own favored land, so beautiful by nature, so adorned by human endeavor." Esquire Means donated from his portion of the plat two lots on the corner of "Second and Spruce" (now Bridge) streets, for church pur poses; E. B. Gregory gave two lots on the corner of "Second and Beech" (now State) streets, for an academy; and a subscription of several hundred dollars was taken toward defraying the expense of building the court-house and jail, as part of the consideration for locat ing the public buildings at Towanda. The original proprietors of the town Avere: William Means, Thomas Overton, Shepard & Dorrance, Ebenezer B. Gregory and Harry Spalding. That portion owned by Wm. Means was from the square beloAv South street — so called because it was the southernmost street of the plat — up to the run betAveen Pine and Spruce, now called Bridge street; Overton and Shepard and Dor rance owned from Means's line up to Beech, now called State street ; Gregory owned from their line to the western terminus of Maple street, whence his line diverged northeastwardly to a point near the corner of Tanner and Second streets, whence it diverged still farther eastwardly to the river at the terminus of Tanner street; Overton & Spalding owned all north of Gregory's line. From the river Avestward the steets were five squares in length, eight lots to the square, and were called Water (a considerable strip next the river), Front, Second, Third and Fourth streets ; from south to north they were called South, Spruce, Pine, Poplar, Beech, Maple, Lombard; Tanner, Chestnut and Walnut. As Elizabeth street (so called after Elizabeth Means) and other streets were laid out .south of South street, the name of that street has been by common consent changed to Washington street. Since the bridge over the Susquehanna was located at the eastern terminus of Spruce street, that has been known as Bridge street ; and as the State road passes westwardly through the borough and diagon ally crosses Beech street, and was made to conform to it, it was given the name of State street. Until the court-house Avas built, the courts were held at the " Red 522 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Tavern," and the jail Avas kept by Sheriff Rockwell at bis residence in Monroeton. The deed for the Public Square was dated August 19, 1813, and arrangements Avere at once consummated for the erection of an office for the commissioners and prothonotary. Joseph Elliott con tractor. The office was completed and occupied August 4, same year. This was a wooden building, and occupied the site of the engine house, the " fire-proof," a stone building, afterwards occupying the same ground. A couple of rooms in the old court-house were also used as offices for aAvhile. In 1857-58 the present prothonotary's and register's office Avas built. It is a fire-proof building, and cost about $7,500. Under the date of September 30, 1813, the county commissioners give notice in the Bradford Gazette that "they are desirous of making contracts for materials for building a court-house and gaol ; and request those who have subscribed sums for the public buildings to meet them at their office in Towanda on the third day of November next." The work was begun in 1814, the commissioners hiring the masonry done by the day, and contracting with Peter Egner, of Northumberland, for the building of the superstructure. The court-house was com pleted and occupied January 9, 1816. Among the bills audited Avere some for the expenses in "raising" the building, one of which was $46.50 for whisky and $4 for cider, and another, $91.82 for meals. The building* was burned down in the great fire of 1847. The records of the commissioners contain the following entry made by the clerk : " March 12, 1847. — This day the greatest fire occurred in Towanda that has ever been known in this section of the country. It broke out on Main street between one and two o'clock p. m., and among other buildings the court-house and jail were burned." An act was passed by the Legislature March 15, 1847, enabling the county to make a loan for the erection of new buildings, and a con tract was made with Col. J. F. Means, June 25, 1847, Sidney Hayden being the sub-contractor, who fulfilled the contract. The new build ing (the present one) was occupied in September, 1850. Its approxi mate cost, complete and finished for use, was $28,000. The prisoners in the jail, the same year of its completion, attempted to destroy it by fire, but were frustrated, the fire being discovered and extinguished before serious damage Avas done. An apprehension of a repetition of the attempt, which might prove successful, led to the construction of the present massive structure on Pine street, between Main and Second, which was erected in 1871-72 at a cost of $65,000. For strength and adaptation to the purposes of a county prison it is proba bly not excelled in the State, and is equalled by very few similar structures It is constructed of millstone brought from Mill Stone creek. It contains a "dwelling-house," basement 30x60 feet, all two stories high. The main entrance on Pine street is a massively built archway, and the entire building presents an appearance of strength * It stood where the prothonotary's and register's oflice now is, extending farther north, being lengthwise with the river. The basement was " the jail," and a couple of rooms on the first floor were also used for keeping prisoners, the balance of the floor being occupied by the jailor. The court-room was on the second floor. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 523 and durability that gives a most pleasing sense of security to the resi dents of this county. In 1812 there were seven families in Towanda village, and, though it Avas the seat of justice, in 1816 the number had only increased to twelve ; in 1820 the number was about thirty, and in 1830 about fifty. In Sherman Day's account of Towanda (1842) he outs the population at 912, which had increased to 1,135 in 1850, 1571 in 1860, 2,696 in 1870, 3,813 in 1880 ; the nunaber now (1890) being 4,280. The establishment of Towanda as the county seat, bringing the officers and the official business of the county hither, alone insured a gradual growth of the place. But, besides, the toAvn has natural advantages, and has received an impetus from time to time. It will be remembered that when the commissioners agreed upon the site for the public buildings, there Avas no bridge across the Susquehanna, Avhich, especially during the spring of the year, was impassable ; and that fully two-thirds of the people to be accommodated lived on the west side of the river. Moreover, two valleys — the natural outlets, draining the greater portion of the county lying west of the river — converge gradually and terminate with the valley of the Susquehanna, midway between which the village of Meansville was situated. Before the day of roads, such goods as were consumed by the pioneers were brought up the river in boats. Lumber and shingles were about the only articles for wich money could be had. Mr. Means kept goods and trafficked with the people. Mills Avere early established up the Sugar and Towanda creeks; lumber cut, and in the spring floated down these streams to the river in small rafts. Roads were also built at an early day up these creeks, and ToAvanda became, as it is to-day, the business center of the county. Andrew Irving's tannery, the erection of the bridge in 1832, Enos Tompkins' enterprises, the establishment of the bank, the building of the North Branch Canal, the foundry, the publication of wide-aAvake neAvspapers, and, lastly, the railroads, each gave impetus to the growth of the town in its early history. In later years, men of enterprise have furthered the interest of the town, and given it new life. Fore most among those to whom special credit is due, is M. C. Mercur, Avho has been the philanthropist and most zealous Avorker. In 1825 the only streets opened were : Main, State, Pine Lom bard and a portion of Second. None of these were graded, and even Main street was very uneven and hilly. At this time the greater part of the prospective town was yet wooded, no particular effort being made in public improvements until after the incorporation of the bor ough in 1828. In 1836 marked impro\Tements were made in grading and in opening new streets through the persistent efforts of M. C. Mercur and William Elwell. The population gradually increased, business multiplied and improA'ements continued. The railroad gave a new life, and the town finally outgrew the borough limits and Avas enlarged. Originally the borough extended from the river to Fifth street, and from about two rods south of Elizabeth street to the ravine on " Hemlock Row." From the various assessments is made the following synopsis : 524 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. The merchants in ToAvanda in 1812 were : William Means and Harry Spalding; in 1820 three were doing business, Gurdon HeAvett ha\'ing been added to the list; in 1825 the number of merchants and grocers were six; in 1831, eleven ; in 1838, nineteen; in 1850, tAventy-one ; in 1860, twenty ; in 1870, forty-nine. The principal merchants that have done business in ToAvanda since 1860, but now out, have been : Thomas Elliott; H. S. Mercur; M. C. Mercur; J. D. Montayne ; Burton Kings bury; Joseph Kingsbury, including books and stationery ; E. D. Mon tanye ; E. T. Fox ; Hiram Mix ; II. C. Porter, drugs ; Nathaniel N. Betts, Sidney Bailey, afterward Bailey & Nevins, groceries; O. D. Bartlett ; Hugh O'Hara, boots and shoes ; George Bunting, ready-made clothing ; Tracy & Moore, general ; Stephen Hathaway, boots and shoes ; John Wilcox, boots and shoes ; E. W. Baird ; Job Kirby, boots and' shoes ; M. E. Solomon, clothing; John Beidelman; Taylor & Co., dry goods ; Patch Bros., groceries ; Collins & Powell ; A. M. Warner, jeweler ; Isaac Post, hardware ; William A. Rockwell; J. D. Humphrey, boots and shoes; Col. J. F. Means; Wickman & Black; Ford & Ward, dry goods, George RidgeAvay, grocer; Patton & Payne, drugs ;Bramhall& Cowell, groceries; S. Benedict, clothing; Hall & Russell, afterward Codding & Russell, hardware; A. M. Coe, boots and shoes; Capt. James M. Gillson, jeweler; Charles Reed, drugs; Lord & Co., hardware; Joseph Hines, furniture ; L. L. Moody, boots and shoes ; Kent & Bliss, dry goods. Those prominent in other business have been : John Carman, foundry- man and dealer in hardware; James Mackinson, manufacturer of furniture, dealer and undertaking ; Russell Pratt, coopering ; Mark C. Arnout, tanner; Andrew and Philip Seebich, wagon-makers and black smiths ; Henry and Adam Essenwine, blacksmithing and carriage ironing; Elkanah Smith, harness-making and saddlery; Miles Carter, confectionery. The Towanda Bridge. By an act of the Legislature, March 24, 1831, the Governor was authorized to incorporate a company for erect ing a bridge OA'er the Susquehanna at Towanda. An appropriation was made, and the balance of the money necessary to complete the bridge was raised by individual subscriptions as stock. Johh Bottom, a practical bridge builder, contracted for the job, and performed the work on the same in 1832, the structure consisting of three spans. A new appropriation was made by the State, and in 1837-38 the original bridge was taken down, the piers raised, the bridge extended on the east side one span, and a towing-path added. Bottom & Scott were the contractors. October 24, 1849, the east span of the bridge was burned, and immediately rebuilt. Again, in 1854, the same span was destroyed by fire. The river having cut around the east end of the bridge, it was again raised seven feet in 1854-55, C. M. Mercur and Thomas Elliott being the contractors. Toll was taken until September 16, 1879, since which time the bridge has been free. The county wishing to purchase the bridge, viewers were appointed, who, in their report, which was confirmed by the court, estimated the property worth $20,000. The price Avas not satisfactory to the stockholders, and litigation over the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 525 matter is still pending. The spans of the bridge average 225 feet each, making the length 900 feet, the roof projecting ten feet farther. The first borough officers were elected March 20, 1829 : Burgess, Hiram Mix ; high constable, William Kelley ; council, J. D. Goodenough, Warren Brown, Warren Jenkins, John N. Weston, Stephen Haytt. The burgesses from 1830 to 1891 have been David F. Barstow, Samuel Huston, D. F. Barstow, Burton Kingsbury, E. S. Goodrich, Simon Kinney, D. F. Barstow, Silas Noble, W. B. Storm (three terms), Sam uel Huston, Geo. A. Mix, Ira H. Stephens, E. D. Montanye, D. F. Barstow, Adonijah Moody, David M. Bull (two terms), Hiram Mix, William Elwell, W. A. Chamberlin, William Elwell' (three terms), N. N. Betts, U. Mercur (three terms), William Elwell (two terms), C. L. Ward, B. F. Powell, James McCabe, C. S. Russell (six terms), Alex. Diven, I. B. Humphrey, A. G. Mason, Jas. Bryant (two terms), Jas. McCabe, E. T. Fox, N.'N. Betts (two terms), W. H. Dodge, W. H. Jones, W. G. Alger (two terms), J. J. Spalding, F. J. Krom, C. B. Porter, Edward Frost, Isaiah McPherson, Edward Frost, W. Maxwell, C. P. Welles, I. B. Humphrey. The present officers are : Burgess, I. B. Humphrey ; Secretary, Jos. Kingsbury ; treasurer, W. H. Dodge ; council, Calvin Cranska, Edward Frost, I. B. Humphrey, John McGovern, William Maxwell, John Rahm, W. H. Smith, Geo. Decker, C. P. Welles. Chief of Police, Daniel Wilcox. Towandp, Fire Department. — Until 1837 there was no protection from fire in the borough. But in that year, a bucket brigade Avas organized and 100 buckets were purchased Avith the necessary hooks and ladders. The first engine of the village Avas a "rotary" named the "Alley," this Avas used until 1849 when it was declared useless and thrown into the river. "Franklin, No. 1," Avas organized April 11, 1854, and had an engine. In 1868 they purchased a steam fire engine which they still use. " Naiad Engine and Hose Company, No. 2," Avas instituted April 24, 1855, reorganized April 15, 1870, and incor porated July 8, 1881. " Lin-ta Steam Fire Company, No. 3," was insti tuted September 28, 1857, and incorporated in 1871. The company oAvns a handsome three-story brick engine house on Poplar street, which, together with hose carriage, is worth $8,000. The members of this, company being elderly men, they allowed a feAv young men to have charge of it; so it was reorganized in 1887, and in 1890 they pur chased an elegant new hose-cart, the old one proving too heavy. " Mantua Hook and Ladder Company, No. 4," Avas organized in March, 1871, and . reorganized in 1884. The company have rooms in the Lin-ta engine-house. From 1853 to 1873 the total number of fires was sixty-three, and the total number of buildings destroyed, 156; from August, 1873, to April, 1886, the number of buildings burned in Towanda was eighty- one. The most disastrous fire -the toAvn ever had was March 12, 1847. Towdnda Gas Cdmpany was organized in 1870, and is a stock com pany.' It has ten miles of laid pipe. The officers are : ¦ Henry Streeter, -president.and treasurer ; N. N. Betts, secretary. The capital stock is $45,,0Q0. , 526 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. The Towanda Electric Light Company was organized in February, 1890, and electricity was first run through the Avires April 1, same year. There are thirty-six arc lights on the streets, and 500 incan descent lamps in operation in stores and houses. The dynamos have a capacity of running sixty arc lights. Has two "Rice" engines, each of 105 horse-power; runs three dynamos Avhich are independent of each other. The officers are : Stanley Little, president ; Charles Welles, secretary. The Towanda Water Works were chartered in 1879. In 1879-80 the iron pipe was laid from Patton's run to Towanda, receiving the water in a reservoir from which it is distributed throughout the town, as far back as Mechanic street, by distributing pipes. Fifty hydrants were placed at proper points, to protect the entire borough in case of fires. The water supply from Patton's run not being sufficient for the Avhole year, a pumping station Avas put in in 1881, which forces the water from the Susquehanna to the receiving reservoir at the rate of 1,200 gallons per minute. E. T. Fox was president of the company, and C. S. Scannell, superintendent. New water works are being rapidly built for Towanda, and this Avill prove one of the most important of the modern additions to the borough. The water then will come through ten-inch iron pipes a distance of sixteen miles. The Eilenberger springs, which will supply the water, gush out from under a small mountain. The spring never rises or falls winter or summer, and is a very pure crystal, soft water, said to be the best in the country. It flows a steady stream of 750,000 gallons in twenty-four hours, at least enough to supply a town with several times the population of Towanda. The Avater is so pure that it will not even rust tin, and the section of country is free from all drain age. The spring is located in Albany, a short distance from Ladds- burg. J. J. Griffiths is superintendent. The cost of these, the finest water privileges in northern Pennsylvania, it is estimated Avhen com pleted will reach nearly $200,000. Officers : J. J. Griffiths, Pres. and Supt.; N. N. Betts, Treas.; F. E. Beers, Sec. The Towanda Bank. — This was established in 1834-35, the officers being Thomas Elliott, president ; William B. Storm, cashier ; directors, Joseph Kingsbury, Edward Overton, Hiram Mix, H. S. Mercur, L. S. Ellsworth, Judge Harry Morgan. The bank at one time, it is said, was able to command over $700,000. In 1837 Mr. Elliott resigned, and Joseph Kingsbury became president. The bank failed in 1843. C. L. Ward and Thomas Dyer Avere the last president and cashier. In 1850, Hon. John Laporte, Col. G. F. Mason and B. S. Russell began a private banking business under the firm name of Laporte, Mason & Co. Mr. Russell sold out his interest about 1859, and the business was continued under the firm name of Laporte, Mason & Co. About the year 1860 Mr. Russell and J. K. Vallance began banking under the firm name of B. S. Russell & Co., and in 1863 increased their business by buying out Laporte & Mason. After Mr. Vallance's death the " company " was at different times H. S. Mercur, Ulysses Mercur and M. C. Mercur, who in 1865 succeeded to the sole propri etorship of the business, which he continued till 1873, when meeting HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 527 with a loss of $1,050,000, closed his bank, after his depositors had drawn out their moneys. In 1866 G. F. Mason & Co. began doing a private banking business, which was continued until 1871, Avhen the firm failed. The First National Bank of Towanda. — This bank was chartered July 19, 1863, with a capital of $100,000, Avhich in 1865 Avas increased to $125,000. The officers were : Gordon F. Mason, president ; N. N. Betts, cashier; directors, Joseph PoAvell, C. S. Russell, O. D. Bartlett, E. H. Smith, Geo. Stevens, E. W. Hale, M. E. Solomon and J. O. Frost. On Jan. 13, 1865, Mr. Mason was succeeded by E. PL Smith as pres ident, who in turn was folloAved by Joseph Powell, who assumed the duties of that office January 13, 1870. Mr. C. L. Tracy succeeded Mr. Powell as president, and has held that office ever since. The new bank, erected in 1874, occupies the site of the old banking-house on Main street. The capital stock of the First National Bank is $125,000 ; surplus and undivided profits, $126,064.39; circulation, $28,125; deposits $761,451.08. The present board of directors are : Chas. L. Tracy, R. A. Mercur, Henry Streeter. Officers : Chas. L. Tracy, president ; N. N. Betts, cashier. The Citizens National Bank of Towanda. — This institution Avas chartered June 29, 1876, and was organized with the folloAving officers and directors ; J. P. Kirby, president; Geo. A. Guernsey, cashier; N. C. Elsbree, M. H. Laning, J. P. Kirby, J. F. Means, P. D. Morrow, B. M. Peck, Henry Streeter, J. L. Kent, M. B. Wright, N. L. Lenheim, P. R. Ackley, directors. J. P. Kirby was succeeded by E. T. Fox as president, Dec. 18. 1876, and Mr. Guernsey by G. W. Buck, as cashier, Oct. 3, 1880. The Citizens National Bank was formely in the Mercur block, but nbw occupies a building of its own situated on the corner of Main and Bridge streets. The capital stock of the Citizens' National Bank is $150,000 ; surplus and undivided profits, $58,244.20 ; circula tion, $45,000 ; deposits, $460,481.27. The present officers are : E. O. Macfarlane, president ; J. K. NeAvell, cashier ; directors, E. O. Mac farlane, W. Dettrich and S. W. Little. The Towanda Library. — This is the result of a young ladies' musical society, which collected a feAV books for their own use, and afterward decided to benefit the town by starting a public library. ' The library has grown from a few hundred volumes to nearly six thousand. It was established during the winter of 1879-80. Humphrey Bros. & Tracy, Shoe Factory. — First occupied a small building near Avhere the neAV one now stands. In 1882, they com menced building the one they noAV occupy. It is a three-story brick building, and has all the modern improA'ements. The firm employ about 125 hands, and turn out over 2,000 pairs of shoes Aveekly. The proprietors are I. B. Humphrey, Chas. Humphrey and Chas. L. Tracy. Dayton's Steam Gristmill is one of the most important in the county. It was first built in 1870 by G. F. Mason & Co.; he failed, and it Avas purchased by G. A. Dayton. It is situated on South Main street ; has three run of stone and seA'enteen rolls, and a daily capacity of 250 bushels of buckwheat, which is its chief output about six months in the year ; from sixteen to twenty hands are employed. 528 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Hale's Planing Mill is situated on South Main street. It was completed in building in 1888, and makes doors, sasb, blinds and general mill work ; has six saws, three planers and ninety-three horse-power en gine ; main building 60x128; boiler, engine and dry houses; employs about twenty-three men. It is the largest industry of the kind in the county. First started by L. B. Rodgers, was burned and he rebuilt in 1882, and run it until 1887, when it was burned again. Proprietors are E. W. and B. T. Hale. Humphrey Manufacturing Company, — Building erected in 1888. The firm was composed of J. D. Humphrey, C. D. Humphrey, E. Overton and J. O. Blight. Twenty-five horse-power engine, twenty employes; make sawmill machinery, coal breakers, etc. Nail Works. — Proprietor, W. H. Godcharles; superintendent, Simon Kendall. Originally it Avas the Towanda Iron and Nail Works; founded in 1870 by a joint-stock company. Col. J. F. Means, presi dent; H. L. Scott, secretary and treasurer. First cost of plant, $100,000. These parties ran it three years ; it was then idle until 1879, when it Avas leased to R. A. Bostley three years, and at expira tion of lease they purchased the property and ran it until February 1, 1888. These three companies, combined, came into the OAvnership, and at once they turned it over to R. A. Bostley and W. H. Godcharles, and, since the death of Mr. Bostley, it has been in possession of Mr. Godcharles. . February 4, 1891, it Avas destroyed by fire, being a total loss, on which, however, was a large insurance. Immediate steps to rebuild Avere taken, and the Avork Avas pushed to completion in the early partsof August following, when it Avas enlarged and greatly im proved and in full operation, with a capacity of about 10,000 kegs of nails per month ; employs about one hundred and fifty 'men. Towanda Foundry Company. — Was first started about 1875 by John Carman; from him it passed to Col. John F. Means, who after ward associated in the concern his son ; they ran it until 1881, Avhen it became as now named, the company being Edward Frost, L. R. Frost and M. A. Rockwell. It has 150 horse-power engine, four lathes, two planes, two drills, etc., foundry and machine shop combined. Output is saw-lath mills, and shingle mills, gang edgers, etc. Iron and brass output about 20,000 pounds annually ; employs twelve hands. Frost's Furniture Factory. — This is on Pine and River streets,; use the same power as the foundry. It Avas established in 1871. on Charles street, burned in 1881, and rebuilt where it stands; employs ninety to one hundred men. Firm owns two sawmills, one in Sullivan county, at Lake Reese, the other at South Branch, in this county ; latter built, in 1880, a steam mill, capacity 20,000 feet per day ; saAving only for themselves. Their stock is exclusively wholesaled. Toy Factory. — Originated thirty years ago in Newark, N. J., and then moved to Monroeton, this county, and ground broke for present plant in July, 1887. Has two hundred operative's ; output about $150,000 annually. Building three stories, including the main, the Avare-house, paint and boiler house; 250 horse-power engine. It is a joint-stock company, and the following are the officers: President and superintendent, William H. . Hawes ; treasurer, N. N. Betts ; m 9mm mwwmmm #1 m Harrison Detrick HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 531 secretary, John W. Mix; directors. J. O. Blight. Charles L. Tracv. E. O. Macfarlane, C. B. Porter, E. W. Hale and R. A. Mercur. In the borough are the following business concerns : One agricul tural implements, four banks, four bakeries, seven barbers, three bill iard parlors, eight blacksmiths, four boarding-houses, one book-binder, three books and stationery, seven boot and shoe dealers, seven boot and shoe makers, one boot and shoe manufacturer, two bottling works, one brick manufacturer, one brewery, two butter and egg dealers, one carpet-cleaning company, four carpet dealers, two carriage dealers, four carriage and wagon manufacturers, six carpenters and builders, one Chicago dressed beef business, three cigar manufacturers, six clothiers, one coach maker, seven coal dealers, twelve confectioneries. two coopers, three crockery and glassware, three dentists, three dray men, twenty dressmakers, four druggists, ten dry-goods stores, one express agent, two dealers in flagging and building stone, two flouring mills, one florist, two foundries and machine shops, three furniture dealers, one furniture manufacturer, one gas company, six gents' fur nishing stores, twenty grocers, two gunsmiths, one dealer in hair goods, four hardware merchants, two harness manufacturers, six dealers in hats and caps, two hay and straw dealers, two dealers in hides and pelts, one horse improvement company, two ice dealers, six insurance agents, five jewelers, four job printers, one junk dealer, forty lawyers, two laundries, one dealer in leather and findings, one library. three liquor dealers, five livery and boarding stables, seven lumber dealers, four masons, five meat markets, four merchant tailors, seven millinery establishments, four dealers in music and musical instruments. five music teachers, six dealers in paints and oils, three painters, two pawnbrokers, three photographers, twelve physicians, three planing mills, three plumbers and gas-fitters, one produce dealer, two real estate agents, five restaurants, two dealers in sewing machines, two surveyors, four dealers in trunks and valises, two undertakers, two veterinary surgeons, two dealers in wall paper, one wood dealer, four upholsterers, one tea company, one toy manufacturer, one telegraph company, one telephone company. Hotels. — American House, Aurora House, Barrett's Hotel, Bolan's Hotel, Bradford House, Elwell House, Griffin's Hotel, Hotel Ochs, Junction House. Seeley 's Hotel, Tidd's Hotel, Walbridge Hotel, Ward House. 532 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. CHAPTER L. TROY TOWNSHIP— TEOY BOROUGH. NOAH WILSON the father of the venerable Col. Irad Wilson, of Alba, came on with his family to that place in the spring of 1803. The colonel speaks of the following individuals as being then the occu pants of this vicinity : Elihu Smead, in a little log cabin near the present residence of Mrs. Thomas Maxwell, with a chopping of about an acre ; John Barber, with a similar cabin, and chopping near the site of Viele's steam-mill ; toward the south was a little clearing of Caleb WTilliams, and that of Reuben Case ; next was Samuel Case, on the Wood farm, now belonging to the estate of Edwin C. Williams; farther on Avas Aaron Case, where is the farm of Shepard Spalding ; and Dr. Rowley, on that noAv owned by Alonzo Thomas, his grandson. These sons of the forest mustered in force to cut a road through to Alba, for the passage of Noah Wilson and his family to their new home. Uel Porter, Avith his father and elder brother, John, came to the Porter farm in 1813^ . Hon. Reuben Wilbur settled here in 1807. He spent about six months Avith Esquire Nathaniel Allen, of whom he purchased about three hundred acres. Elihu Smead and Aaron Case seem to have been at that time the only inhabitants of the village proper, the latter living in a cabin near the present residence of Mrs. George Hull. Thomas Barber lived near the site of the old " Taylor House," now oAvned by G. F. Viele, and Joseph Barber, near the present residence of John A. Parsons. Upon an eminence overlooking Sugar creek, something over a mile eastward from Troy village, there stand the ruins of a building, probably one of the first framed houses built in this region. The stone wall which has long supported the ancient structure is tottering to its fall. Within, you may see the chimney of stone, with its ample fire place. Near by are some aged Lombardy poplars, which Dr. Almerin Herrick, in his journal, now unfortunately lost, states that he assisted in setting out in the year 1818. This building was formerly the residence and tavern of Maj. Ezra Long, who came hither from Vermont, about the year 1810. Samuel Rockwell, the father of Luther and Rufus Rockwell, occu pied in those days a house near where H. F. Long resides. Like his son Luther, he left nine sons grown to maturity. He afterward built and occupied a two-story house at the summit of the hill, south of the road to Troy, which was standing not many years since. The first flouring-mill was originally erected by an individual named Ward, and afterward owned by Maj. Long. Were Ave able it would be a matter of curiosity to compare its machinery and dimensions (the dam being then only six feet in height) with those of what is noAv knoAvn as Long's mills, standing upon the original site and rebuilt by HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 533 H. F. Long in 1858. Another mill on a small scale Avas afterward built by Thos. Barber, in the glen above, near the bend in the Rock road ; some of the spars of the dam were to be seen but a few years since still projecting above the water. The carding and cloth-dressing Avorks below Long's mills were put in operation by Samuel Conant about the year 1808. The main building, which, with the older one in its rear, was destroyed by fire in November, 1875, was built by Luther Rockwell for Clement Paine in 1840. Elder Adriel Hebard is said to have come into this section from Vermont, about the year 1800, and occupied a house on the present site of J. G. LovelaaA'sv The large butternut tree shading the road near the house below, is said to have been planted by him. West of the Burlington road, about half-way betAveen Maj. Long's and* Esquire- ABenfe, stood tire1 old Shad school-house, probably the earliest institution of learning, and there are those living who may remember taking their first lessons from Webster or Cobb within its humble Avails. It took its name from the weather-vane, in the form of a fish, which surmounted the building. The first board-roofed house in the township was erected by Gen. Elihu Case in 1798. The first house in the borough was built by Tim othy Xichols, father-in-law of E. Case, in 1800. Nichols sold to Elihu Smead, Avho previously had resided at the foot of the mountain, on Smead creek. Elder Rich, a Baptist preacher, was the first adult interred in Glenwood Cemetery, in 1812. One of the earliest documents connected with the progress of the place at an early period, is the folloAving, dated November 5, 1823 : At a meeting of a number of the inhabitants of the vicinity of Lansingburgh, at the school-house, to devise or fix some plan for finishing the said school-house, thereby making it the moTe comfortable for our children, and we, the proprietors, the more applauded by foriners. Voted, unanimous, that we finish off the school house. Pro ceeded to s!ne for the purpose above-mentioned, arid then voted that after the subscrip tion is expended, to proceed in finishing rff the same, and we are bound to pay in proportion to what we have already sined. To be superintended hy Almerin Herrick. (Signed) Labax Landed, Chairman. Eliht Case, Secretary. The accompanying subscription is signed by A. Herrick, Churchill Barnes and John Dobbins, well known in the early history of the place, both actingfor some time as justices of the peace ; Elihu New- bery, Zoroaster Porter, Benjamin Oviatt. Isaac N. Pomeroy, Vine Baldwin, Elihu Case, Ansell Williams. Abraham Case, James Lucas, Daniel Gregory and several others. It is noticeable that there are three columns opposite the signatures : one being for number of days' Avork subscribed, another for number of bushels of Avheat, and the third for number of feet of lumber. There is also a column for sub scriptions in money ; but all the contributions are in the other columns. Dr. Almerin Herrick's subscription takes the lead, being eight days' work, two bushels of Avheat and ten pounds of iron ; Elihu Case's sub scription, one day's work, two hundred feet of boards, and ten pounds of iron, towards andirons; Vine BaldAA'in's, twenty pounds of four- penny and eightpenny nails, and twenty pounds of iron. Vine Baldwin was the father of Thos. B. Baldwin. He then had a 534 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. store at this place, and for some time kept tavern in a building stand ing Avhere the "Troy House" now stands. . Elihu NeAvbery came here with a horse, saddle and bridle; for which he purchased of Elihu Smead a lot of land, about two and a half acres, including that on Avhich his son, George N. Newbery lives, the consideration mentioned in the deed being twenty dollars per acre. . Col. Isaac N. Pome roy and Ebenezer Pomeroy came in about 1818. They were natives of Connecticut, and for some years carried on the carding and cloth- dressing works below Long's mills. Like Dr. Herrick, they had for some time no intention of making this a permanent home. Col. Pom eroy, in a few years, bought Conant's taA'ern on the corner, Avhich Avas replaced by him, in 1837-38, by the " Eagle " tavern, a wooden building Avith lofty columns, which was destroyed by fire in 1852. A little house standing on the summit of the hill, above Samuel Pomeroy 's large mansion, Avas for a time the residence of Col. Pomeroy after his arrival. TROY BOROUGH. Troy was incorporated as a borough April 11, 1845, Avith boundaries as follows: Beginning at a stake in the Elmira road, near the north east corner of the bridge across Sugar creek, near D. Dobbins' house ; thence Avest 138 rods to an elm tree on O. P. Ballard's west line ; then south 46 ° west ninety-one perches to a stake on the north side of the Wellsborough road ; "then south 12£ ° Avest 100 rods to a stake on Jerry Adams' land ; thence south 82 ° east 1054, perches to a dry maple tree on the land of Seeley Mann; thence north 40° east 140-| perches to a stake on land of S. W Paine on south side of road; then north 1\ ° east 85 rods to place of beginning. The first burgess was Edwin C. Oliver ; council : G. T. Redington, V. M. Long, Frederick On wan, Layton Runyan ; clerk, A. E. Thomas ; high constable, Thomas B. Baldwin; street commissioner, Laban Bowen. In 1848 occurred a most disastrous fire, destroying every business house in the borough, except that of G. F. Redington. In 1871 the present fire- engine house AA'as built. In the early borough days we find an ordinance on the records forbidding " horse racing, and bathing in Sugar creek," within the borough limits. A bird's-eye view of Troy, just previous to the Civil War, would present something as follows : On the corner across from the " Troy House" were two stores, one kept by Col. I. N. Pomeroy and the other by I. F. Redington. Col. Pomeroy at that time kept the "Troy House." Immediately Avest on that street was a small yellow house owned by James Lamb, afterward occupied by his daughter. This constituted Main street. There Avas a small black smith shop on Canton street near Kedington avenue by Elihu NeAV- bery, and a wagon shop by Hickok near the railroad station. Going east from the " Troy House," the first you came to Avas Dr. Herrick's residence, where noAv reside his son's family ; the next Avas Mr. Welles' house, still standing a little south of Van Dyne's present residence. The old frame school-house stood on the west bank of the stream, near the property of the Fitch heirs. The Baptist church, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 535 where it now stands, Avas built in 1834. The Episcopal church Avas built in 1841, afterward sold to the Catholics, and the new Episcopal church Avhere it now stands Avas built by the Disciples in 1850, and sold to the Episcopate in 1860. The Catholic church Avas built mostly by O. P. Ballard', in 1841. The Methodist Episcopal church was built in 1854, and is now the Opera House and postoffice building. It was sold to R. F. Redington, and is also used as a court-room. After this sale the Methodists built their present church on Redington avenue. The neAV and very large Presbyterian (Trinity) church was built in 1875-76, the largest and finest church in the borough. Their first building, put up in 1832, stood on West Main street, and is now a part of Mrs. Oliver's barn ; their second building Avas erected in 1847-48, nqw OAvned by N. M. Pomeroy. The present borough officers are : Burgess, A. B. McKean ; clerk, H. K. Mitchel; treasurer, S. B. AspinAvall ; council, R. H. Cooley, S. W. Pomeroy, H. S. Leonard, Brainard Bo wen, L. H. Oliver and Geo. O. Holcomb. Troy was in 1832, as remembered by Israel A. Pierce, Esq., as fol lows: Commencing on Elmira street was a small house owned by a man named Case ; then there Avas nothing until you came to where Wagner now lives, at one time occupied by Dr. Fitch. The next build ing, where now stands the " Troy Plouse," Avas an old frame tavern, the "Jackson House," and Avhen President Jackson "removed the deposits" his name was obliterated, and it became the " Troy House," kept by Benj. Seeley, and burned in 1848. The next house was the noted Ballard building, dwelling, store, printing office, hall and some times hotel, an immense Avooden structure ; this was destroyed by fire in 1848. Except a small grocery store, this was all on the north side of Elmira street. On the south side of the street, there was nothing until you reached Spalding's plaster mills ; this Avas then Hickok's gristmill. The old house still stands. The next was a house occupied by Mr. Bliss, rebuilt in 1832, by D. F. Pomeroy ; then there was nothing until you reached Judge Adams' brick residence. On Main street there was no building till you reached Paine's bridge, Avhere Avere Paine's house and a small gristmill run by water. There was a small tannery Avest of the gristmill, operated by Judge Adams, an old wagon shopand then E. C. Oliver's house. The next was a store Avhere is now the hotel. The next was where is now Kendall's residence; then Barnes' old residence, and then a small grocery store kept by John Cummings, and then Morrison Paine's store opposite the hotel. Dr. Almerin Herrick came to Troy in 1817 ; died March 17, 1843, married, May 2, 1819, Eleanor Hurlbut, who died January 18, 1887, aged eighty-eight years. O. P. Ballard is believed to have established himself in trade here in the fall of 1822, having been, for a feAV years, a clerk in the store of Clement Paine, at Athens. He commenced Avith a few goods taken on commission of Charles L7 Hopkins, of that place, and succeeded so Avell as to buy out his partner at the close of the first year. The people from this section had previously been under the necessity of 536 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. going to Athens to trade, for the most part, and, as he was accustomed to relate, dealt very freely according to their means, when they found an opportunity, at length, of buying goods near home ; if they could not find just the article they came for they were pretty sure to hrvest in something else. The staple articles of trade and produce in the country, as Clement Paine writes, in the year 1810, were cattle, wheat and lumber. He adds : " Lately the manufacture of potash has been introduced into the adjacent towns. I have endeavored to promote this branch of business by furnishing the necessary implements and materials, and we shall, the present year, receive about one hundred bar rels of the article, whereas three years ago there was none manu factured." This manufacture, carried on amid the forests of western Bradford, must have involved a destruction of timber that would now, even in this wooden country, be looked upon as deplorable, great quantities of the finest trees being cut, piled and burned, merely to gather up the ashes for boiling down into potash. It was worth, in those days, about twenty or twenty-five dollars per barrel, and being an article easy of transportation, it soon afforded an important item of industry and income. The difficulties of trade in those early days must have been very great ; it was mostly barter, owing to the scarcity of money, and the transportation of produce to market, or of goods from the city, was attended with great expense, delay, and risk. A trip to Philadelphia with wagons, as Avas customary, for goods, occupied about three weeks ; but in those days a few wagon-loads of goods made up what was con sidered a large assortment; if the assortment was in fact small, the prices of course had to be large in an inverse ratio. When John Cummins, many years ago, opened a little store here, the advertisement he published Avas headed, " Small boats must keep near shore ; larger ones may venture more." In connection with which idea, Nelson Adams made the re mark, after noticing the limited extent of his stock, " I guess you must have come over in a canoe." George Kress was one of the early merchants of Troy, buying out the stock of Vine Baldwin. Gen. Kress built the house now owned by Robert Kendall, in its day probably the most aristocratic style of residence in the place. 0. P. Ballard for some time controlled to a considerable extent the trade of the place. Gillett & Cone commenced business here about 1836 or 1837. G. F. Redington was here first as their clerk, until he and D. F. Pomeroy bought them out. and established their store on the corner, which was subsequently, and for quite a long period, the scene of business operations of the Pomeroy Brother. Troy in 1827. Dr. Silas E. Shepard came here, and in his lifetime he said: Caleb Williams then lived near the present site of Delos Roclavell and Warren Williams, in the old Spalding house; Ansel Williams in the old Seely Mann house, where E. B. Parson's house stands. Next was Joseph Wills, who married the AvidoAv of Moses Case, in the old two-story house still standing in the rear of S. H. Fitch's house. Along the present Canton street, at that time, the forest came for the most HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 537 part Avithin twenty-five rods of the road, and coA'ered the hill Avest of the creek. Mr. Wells' sawmill stood near where BoAven's tannery is at this time. A small foundry was afterward erected there by Capt. Joseph Morse, and subsequently carried on by him and Thos. E. Paine. Jas. A. Paine after took the business, and after him Seth W. Paine, who removed it finally to the place where, through a long term of years, he continued and extended it. It was in 1838 that the first brick store Avas erected by Long, Taylor, and Thomas. It stood , on the present site of H. F. Long's block. Troy Fire Company. — Oscar Liewa engine house was built in 1871. They have a steam engine and hose company ; officers : G. S. McGlema, foreman ; Kent Mitchell, secretary; Albert Morgan, presi dent. The company was organized in 1870; engine bought the same year. J. H. Grant was chief for five years ; E. Porter, foreman'. Tanneries. — As early as 1827, Calvin Dodge built a small tannery Avitb. four or five vats. This was Laban Bowen's, and is now the prop erty of Brainerd Bowen, his son, which has been extensively enlarged, and is now one of the important industries of the county. E. Van Dyne's Tannery. — Mr. Van Dyne was with Bowen for some time, Avhen he purchased an interest in his present tannery with B. H. Hobart and N. C. Porter, who had established the business, and in time Mr. Van Dyne became sole owner. Large additions were added in 1890, making this tannery one of the most prominent ones of the county. Foundry and Machine Shop on East Main street, by Austin Mitchell, was built in 1882, Avater power, on the site of the old Paine foundry. Troy has the following business concerns : Four drug stores, one clothing store; five dry-goods stores ; three hardware stores; two fur niture stores; six grocery stores ; three jewelry stores ; gristmill owned by Geo. Dillion & Son, situated on Elmira street — -(roller process ; the old mill was built by George Viele, and was once used as a brewery. One mile east of Troy was originally Long's gristmill, now operated by W. R. McCleary) ; furniture factory, by L. H. Oliver, on Railroad and Canton streets (was built by Oliver, Sr., twenty years ago ; out put, all kinds of household furniture) ; planing mill by J. J. Boliger, southwest of town, one and a half miles (was built in 1880); saw and planing mill, one mile north of Troy borough by Snedeker & Mitchel (they have three portable mills in the county) ; engine com pany (incorporated; was started in 1890; employs twenty men, makes. drill engines of all kinds). Troy Schools. — The old red school-house was built in 1845; the first teacher was Henry Card. A significant fact is that three families sent twenty-five children to the school. The Troy schools became graded schools in 1867. The school building was completed in 1866. DeLos Rockwell at that period served two years as secretary of school board, and then for twenty-three years was president of the board. The building has six rooms, a teacher in each, and an enroll ment of three hundred. The old Academy was incorporated in 1842, and for sometime the State aided it. Prof. J. T. McCollom Avas prin- 538 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. cipal from 1873 to 1884, and chiefly organized the graded schools. His predecessor was H. H. Hutton, four years. The present princi pal is Daniel Fleisher. Troy Farmers Club was organized in 1874. The first officers were James 0. McKean, president; Edward Rockwell, vice-president; Geo. M. Card, secretary; A. M. Cornell, treasurer; A. S. Hooker, reporting secretary. On October 8 and 9, 1875, a free fair was held. Janu ary 8, 1876, A. H. Thomas was elected president, F. P. Cornell, vice- president; and G. M. Card, secretary. The club was incorporated in 1876, and a fair was held September 27-28-29. In 1882 new grounds were secured, known as "Alperon Park," on the farm of John A. Parsons, one mile northeast of the village, and a fine track was made. The present officers are : Geo. O. Holcomb, president ; J. R. Van- Amoy, secretary. Mr. Holcomb has a fine stock farm where he breeds the finest line of trotting horses in the county; he also makes a spe cialty in keeping improved swine, and registered cattle. He owns a "Membrino King," "Almond 33," and other noted horses. Miscellaneous. — Isaac W. Pomeroy came to Troy in 1817, and soon after engaged in operating the old Paine woolen mill, Avater-power, built by Clement D. Paine, in 1812. Mr. Pomeroy operated it about fifteen years, when he purchased and ran the "Troy Hotel" property, and with this a farm ; then built the " Eagle Hotel " about 1830, and retired from active life about the time of the completion of the rail road. He was one of the active, energetic, strong men of the place, and was an important factor in building it up. Judge Jerre Adams, of Troy, died in January, 1867 ; he was a native of Springfield, Mass., born in 1794, and came to the county and settled in Athens in 1816. Avhere he set up a small tannery, and after ward had Joel Adams in partnership in his tannery. Mr. Adams married Cynthia Decker, and in 1828 removed to Troy, established a tannery and built his residence, afterward the "Farmers' Hotel." In 1840 he commenced merchandising, and had his son-in-law, Col. Fred erick Orwan, as a partner; in 1837 he was superintendent of the North Branch Canal, and so remained until the crash of 1842 ; in 1848 he became associate judge, serving three years ; in 1862 he sold out in Troy and Avent to Elmira, but after a year returned to Troy, and finally removed to Waverly where he died. The old Baptist church stood in the center of the cemetery. The more modern cemetery contains about twenty acres — the old one has only about two acres. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 539 CHAPTER LI. TUSCARORA TOWNSHIP. THIS township was erected from Wyalusing in 1830, and received the name of Spring Hill. In 1856 the name was changed to Tuscarora. Joseph Wharton built the first log cabin. . There was no road along the river until as late as 1790, travelers taking the Indian paths or river-beach. This pioneer improvised his samp-mill by felling a huge white pine, and hollowing out the stump for his mortar, and used a heavy Indian pestle for grinding the corn. The owner of this mill frequently loaned its use to his neighbors — after he had some — for there was no water-mill nearer than the Wyoming valley. Wharton cleared and fenced about sixty acres of land, and set out an orchard, also built a second log house in the central part of his clearing. This house stood some thirty rods from the present location of the road, and directly back of Edwards' farm-house. In 1808, Joseph Wharton conveyed this farm to Elihu Hall and Elihu Hall, Jr. The Halls were carpenters, and made but little improvement on the land. Finding the Wharton house too small for both families they demolished it, and built a long log house, with a chimney at each end. . While the Halls Avere in possession, the Spring Hill road was opened in part. They built a plank house on this road, and sold to Jacob Gray in the spring of 1815. Rev. D. D. Gray was then a boy seven years old, and he asserted that he traveled every sled path, and visited every habitable part of the township, the first year of his residence. He thus names the families resident in the township in that year, 1815 : Thomas Morley, Stephen Beeman, Edward Cogswell, and Elisha Cogswell, on Tuscarora creek ; James Black, Harry Ackley, Jacob Huff, Reuben Shumway, and Stephen Bowen, on Spring Hill ; William Clink and Daniel Johnson, on South Spring Hill. These settlers had at that time from two to twelve acres of cleared land each, the whole of the improved land in the township, aside from the Wharton farm, probably not exceeding eighty acres. About this time Jeremiah Lewis, Chester Wells, and several others made a beginning, and in the course of a few years all the land suita ble for farming purposes was taken up. . The first settler on the Tuscarora creek, within the present bounds of the township, was Oliver Sisson, who came thereto in 1805, and located four miles from the river, on the farm known on the Bradford county map as the " Cogswell Homestead," and the bill known as Sisson hill received its name from him. He died in 1809, leaving all of his property to his wife, his will being recorded in Wilkes-Barre, as this was then a part of Luzerne county. The possession, or quitclaim right, was conveyed by the widow to Julius and Elisha Cogswell about 1809. Julius soon 540 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. after conveyed his interest to Elisha, and the farm has ever since remained in the family doAvn to Rev. Bela Cogswell. Edward, Joel and Daniel Cogswell, three brothers, came from Connecticut and settled in Bradford county. Daniel soon moved away and was lost sight of. Joel settled near Le Raysville, where he lived and died. He reared a large family of children, and was the father of the elder Dr. Cogswell. Edward was a miller by trade. He settled on the farm owned and occupied by his grandson, Dr. Cogswell, a son of Elisha CogsAvell. Elisha Cogswell was a soldier in the War of 1812. His wife was the daughter of Bela Ford, who came from New York to Pike township, as early as 1807. Reuben Shumway came into Tuscarora in 1805. He came from Steuben county, N. Y., in 1801, to the Wyalusing, near the residence of the Widow Buck, and lived there four years. He alsq lived a short time on Lime hill. He settled in Tuscarora, on the farm owned by Stephen Lyon. At this time there was nothing but a foot-path over the hill. His Avife was Miriam ToAvn, a sister of Joseph 0. Town. She died in 1819, and was the first person who died on the hill, and the first person buried in the burying-ground near Mr. Lyon's. The two brothers, John and William Clink, came in 1814 to Spring Hill. Benjamin Hurlbut came to the Wyalusing creek in 1803. He was a miller, and was employed in Gordon's, and aftenvard in Town's, mill. He came to the hill in 1805 or 1806, his brother Amos coming with him. Stephen Beeman came in 1809, and began a clearing a mile below the Sisson place, Avhere Oliver Warner lived ; resided there until death. . Alpheus and Daniel Lewis Crawford, brothers, came from Connecticut and settled at East Spring Hill about 1829. David Lacey came about the same time. The father of the Crawfords came to Wyoming at an early day. Emanuel Siivara came from Portugal. When a lad he secreted himself on a vessel bound for the United States, and was discovered when a short distance from port. On landing in America the captain sold him for three years to pay for his passage. He served his time, after which he married and came to East Spring Hill about 1839. He bought the Crawford's farm, and though to a great extent ignorant of our language and destitute of all advantages of education, he accumu lated a fine property. The little village which has sprung up about the place where the old mansion was built is called Siivara in his honor. He reared a large and respectable family. BurroAvs Dowdney Avas from New Jersey, and lived at the mills. Some time after Abial Keeney bought Dowdney's farm, and the latter removed from the town. David Dare was a relative of Dowdney's, and Dare's sister was the wife of George Smith. . Jacob Huff was a native of Germany, and emigrated therefrom to this country about the time hostilities commenced between the mother country and the Colonies. He enlisted in the service of the latter, and was engaged in the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Brandy wine and others. He lived where Milton Lewis resided. . Other early settlers were HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 541 Daniel Merritt, on the place occupied by Martin Lyon; Moses Rowley, where the Gartlands lived ; Richards and Starks. The first sawmill Avas built about 1820, by Ludd Gaylord, near the mouth of the creek where the present foundry is located. A gristmill was afterward built there. . The first white child born in the toAvnship was Marinda, a daughter, to Julius Cogswell, in 1811. . The first death in the town among the settlers was that of Oliver Sisson, in 1809. . The first marriage in the township was that of John Morley and Orilla Cogswell, in 1816. The ceremony was performed by Rev. John Hazzard, the first Methodist circuit preacher on the creek. . The first regular religious services were held by this minister in 1813, in the house built by Oliver Sisson. . The first carriages were carts. The wheels were blocks sawed off of large logs, the blocks being from six to eight inches in thickness. These were facetiously called "Toad smashers." CHAPTER LII. ULSTER TOWNSHIP. TTTHAT is now known as Ulster was originally called Sheshequin. VV When Gen. Spalding first settled in what is now called She shequin, and built the first log cabin, he gaA'e that name to his settle ment, and for many years the two places were each called Sheshequin ; and, to distinguish one from the other, that on the west side of the river was named Old Sheshequin, and that on the east side, New Sheshequin. The new Sheshequin becoming much the more important place, at length threw off the qualifying term, and became simply Sheshequin, while Old Sheshequin, after much discussion, and several different names having been proposed, at length took the name of both the Connecticut and Pennsylvania township, and, by the general acquiescence of the inhabitants, has retained the name which was assigned to it. The present township knoAvn by this name is but a very small rem nant of the one first organized as Ulster. The original township was about five miles from north to south, and about eighty from east to west; the present Ulster is a trifle greater distance from north to south, and not more than three miles from east to west. It is bounded by the Susquehanna on the east, North Towanda on the south, Smithfield on the west, and Athens on the north. Along the river are the plains usually found along the river, broken by high land between Ulster and Milan, and terminated on the south by the Ulster mountain. West of the river the land rises to a considerable height, Moore's hill being among the highest points of land in the county. The hills, though high, are not steep, and are susceptible of cultivation to their 542 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. very summits, and good crops are raised by the thrifty farmers whose farms cover their rugged sides. Early Settlers. — Settlers came into Ulster about the same time that Col. Spalding and others went into Shesequin, 1783 and 1784. A number of them were from Wyoming, and came about the same time, if they did not come together. Of these may be mentioned, as one of the pioneers, Capt. Benjamin Clark, Avho was among the very first to build a house on the " town-plat " of Wilkes-Barre, having emigrated from Tolland county, Conn. He was a corporal in the First Independent Com pany of Wyoming, under Capt. Robert Durkee, and served seven years in the Revolutionary War. In the battle of Mud Fo.rt, the man in front of him had his head shot off by a cannon-ball. He was one of the detachment sent for the relief of Wyoming after the fatal battle, and was in the army of Gen. Sullivan, which devastated the Indian country in 1779. For his services he received a pension of $96 per year. Subse quently he Avas appointed a captain in the militia, and was known by old settlers as Capt. Clark. After peace, Capt. Clark remained in Wyoming one year. In the spring of 1784 he moved to the place now called Frenchtown, and the year after came up to Ulster, built a log house on the bank of the river, and moved his family into it in the spring of 1785 ; a tenement building on the Ross farm now marks the site of Capt. Clark's first house. It will be remem bered, an unusually severe rain fell in October, 1786, causing an unusual rise in the river called the " Pumpkin freshet." Capt. Clark's house stood on the low flat near the river. The water began to rise rapidly, the family became alarmed and fled to the hills, and Mr. Clark commenced moA'ing his goods from the house; and so rap idly did the water rise, that across a low place between his house and the hillside, where was dry ground when he went for his last load of goods, he was compelled to swim his oxen on the return. Although soaked with water, the family had no shelter for their heads from the storm on that chilly October night. The Avater came up to the eaves of the house, but the building resisted the force of the current, and after the flood subsided the family moved back into it. Capt. Clark died in Ulster; August 9, 1834, aged eighty-seven 'years. Adrial Simons came from Connecticut about the same time as Capt. Clark, and occupied the farm now owned by Mr. VanDyke and Adolphus Watkins. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, was taken prisoner by the British in one of the battles fought in the vicin ity of New York, and Avas for a long time confined in one of the prison ships in Long Island sound, where he suffered untold hardships from the confinement, hunger, cold and filth, which gave those float ing dens such an unenviable notoriety. Solomon Tracy lived in the lower part of Ulster, on the farm now owned by Mr. Mather. He Avas born in Litchfield county, Conn., January 1, 1756. His wife was Mary Wells, born in Southold, on Long Island, March 5, 1765 ; was a sister to Gen. Henry Wells, for whom Wellsburg, in New York, and Wells township, in Bradford county were named. Hon. Henry W. Tracy, a son of Capt. Solomon, says : " My oldest sister was born October 19, 1787. When she was HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. _ 543 a child, they moved to Ulster. I have heard my mother say she carried her in her arms through the Breakneck narrows on horseback. Eli Holcomb came from Slmmsbury, Conn., and in March, 1793. settled in Ulster, on the place now occupied by Mr. Walker. The Hol comb sawmill, on Cash's creek, was known for a. long distance, and lumber, Avith which most of the houses in Ulster and adjoining towns Avere built, was sawed there. Chester Bingham was at Ulster at an early day. . Thomas Overton, born in England, came from Luzerne county to Athens, where he resided a short time, and then purchased the Solomon Tracy place in Ulster. Here he kept a public-house for a number of years. Above the Narrows, toward Milan, Joseph C. Powell lived. The place Avas known by those who ran the river as Powell's eddy. William and Joseph Loughry, probably brothers, early settled in Ulster. By deed dated December 11, 1794, Reuben Fuller, of Tioga, conveys to William Loughry, of Tioga, a lot described as Nos. 1 and 2 of Ulster, and opposite New Sheshequin. In the back part of Ulster is what is known as the Moore's Hill settlement. Clement Paine oAvned some property in this place, on the Burlington road, and had made some improvement on it, and Jeduthan, a son of Capt. Adrial Simons, was living in the same neighborhood about 1820 to 1825. Mr. Howie bought the place of Mr. Paine, and Peter McAuley was near him. Besides these there are families of Pollocks, Mathers, Dicksons and others, names familiar to every reader of Scotch history. Ulster Village. — The present postmaster is R. A. Horton. The first postmaster, in 1870, was J. Holcomb. . The magnificent iron bridge at Ulster was built in 1889, one of the first iron bridges spanning the Susquehanna. Before this bridge was built they had an old rope ferry. Uriah Shaw, of Ulster, Avas born in Sheshequin in 1806, and is now eighty-six years old. His recollections of this por tion of the county are very remarkable. He says the first coal boat on the canal, Capt. May commanding, left Pittston on November 11, 1856, and passing Ulster reached Elmira on the seventeenth. On December 18, 1771, his father, Ebenezer ShaAV, died at Mrs. Gore's in Sheshequin, aged one hundred years, three months, twelve days. The first railroad ticket sold at Ulster was bought by his brother, Norman Shaw. The railroad station, for some time, was an old canal-boat. The present station agent is Henry Shaw, appointed in April, 1871. On the tombstones in the old Ulster grave-yard are found the fol lowing inscriptions: Adrial Summers, died July 27, 1803. Mrs. Mercy Rice, died April 12, 1813. Mary Overton, wife of Thomas Overton, died April 15, 1815 ; Thomas Overton died NoArember 11, 1835. Harry Carpenter died in January, 1808. Capt. Benjamin Clark, a soldier of the Revolution, died August 9, 1834, aged 87 ; his Avife Keziah died Aug. 12, 1837, aged 91.. The first gristmill in Ulster was built in 1806, by Thomas Overton. The next one Avas built by Charles Welles, at first as a sawmill ; was burned tAvice and then made a gristmill. Crescent mills, Ulster, 544 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. (steam-power), operated by A. Armstrong, lessee, has a capacity of forty barrels of flour per day. The village of Ulster has the following industries : A sawmill, by Watkins & Gore; two general dry-goods stores ; cigar factory; grocery store ; drug store ; a livery stable ; one clothing store ; one millinery store ; two blacksmith shops and one meat market. There are tAvo hotels — " Van Dyke House," by E. J. Mathews, and " Ulster House," by Watkins & Gore — tAvo churches, town hall, etc. Milan, situated three miles above Ulster, is a railroad depot. It Avas formerly called " Marshall's Corners," in honor of a man of that name, Avho was an early settler and prominent citizen. It has one hotel, three stores and a blacksmith and wagon shop. It is a busy shipping point on the Lehigh Valley Railroad. Moore's Hill was settled by Robert Moore in the spring of 1819, and next fall was followed by Judson Simmons ; he by Alexander Hubbard ; then William Van Dyke, and after him John Lewis. This brings us to 1821. There seems to have been no additions during the next twelve years. Simmons was succeeded by his son Adrial. CHAPTER LIII. WARREN TOWNSHIP. WARREN is the northeast corner township of Bradford county. Its surface is very uneven, but at the same time there is but a small portion not susceptible of cultivation. The timber is principally hemlock, birch, beech and maple, with some basswood, pine, cherry and ash. The soil is gravel and loam. The streams which drain the waters to the Susquehanna rise here. They afford good water-power for running machinery on a small scale. The crops consist of wheat, rye, oats, barley, corn, potatoes, grass and flax, potatoes leading. In 1798, James Bowen, William Arnold, Mr. Harding and Thomas Gibson came into Warren, then known as " Martell," and made a clearing on the south branch of the Wappasening creek, at a place called for many years " the old clearing." But they found they were not on the tract of land they had designed settling on, and after obtaining their first crop they abandoned it and went farther north, to a place which has been knoAvn ever since as " Bowen Hollow," Avhere James Bowen built a gristmill on the middle branch of the Wappasening. . Eliphalet Mason, son of Ebenezer and Mary Mason, came to Warren in 1802. In the spring of 1800, Capt. Ebenezer and Jonathan Coburn, brothers, came, with their sons, from Connecticut and bought under Connecticut title 23,040 acres of land, and made a clearing on the same farm where they lived and died. On their arrival at Martell they found BoAven, Arnold, Fairbanks and Gibson, who had moved in with HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 545 their families the season before, and made clearings. Seneca Allyn, now living in Warren, says he went with a horse to the Wysox flats, thence up the river to Owego, before he could find any grain that he could buy ; and he bought two bushels of wheat, put it into a skiff, because there was no way to get his horse across the river. He then took the grain on his shoulders and carried it two and a half miles to get it ground, then shouldered it again and brought it back to the river, Avhere his horse was left fasting, for the very good reason that he could get nothing for him to eat. William Arnold and Elizabeth, his wife, came from Massachusetts, in the year 1799. They brought with them three sons, James, William and Andrew — all of whom lived to be aged men. and reared families. Elizabeth Arnold died in Warren when fifty years of age, about the year 1801. Her husband died about seventeen years after, sixty-two years of age. During the summer or fall of 1800 the first white child was born in Warren, a son of James Bowen, and was christened Harry ; a feAv weeks later Benedict Arnold was born, and August 10, 1801, A. S. Coburn', son of Parley Coburn. In 1804 there were the following taxables, viz.: William Arnold, J. Bowen, Henry Billings, Ebenezer Coburn, Parley Coburn, Jonathan Coburn, Moses Coburn, Jr., Amos Coburn, Payson Corbin, Thomas Gibson, Ebenezer Lee and Roswell Lee. The Armstrongs came in as late as 1817 or 1818. Joseph lived on the turnpike, near Alexander DeAving's. Mrs. Dewing had by her first husband four sons, Jeremiah, AndreAv, Alexander and Edvvard. Jeremiah Avas a Presbyterian preacher, and had a son, Thomas S. Luther Buffington lived in the Bowen neighborhood. Preserved Buffington, from Providence, R. I., was a brother of Mrs. William Arnold, and came from the same neighborhood. He lived in South Warren, on the farm Samuel Chaffe now lives on. His sons were: Luther, Calvin and Benjamin. A daughter, Sally, married Livingston Jenks. He lived on a farm now occupied by Esquire Burbank. He had a store and did trading for some years. He had a large family of children. He Avas justice of the peace for a number of years. Capt. Case also was a settler in the toAvnship. He had a son, Benjamin, Avho was a lawyer, and married a sister or Andrew Coburn, and Andrew Coburn married his sister. Nathan Young married a Merrill. Came to Warren in 1815, and settled on the turnpike, a short distance from Alexander De wing's. He had tAvo sons, Nathan and Oscar F. Mr. Merrill moved into the county with Mr. Young, and lived near him. . Thomas and Oliver Corbin were sons of Clement. Samuel Griswold was their nearest neighbor. Jacob Burbank married a sister of Oliver Corbin. He came from Yermont to Warren as a young man in 1813, and boarded with Oliver Corbin. He bought the farm which joined Mr. Allyn. His first farm joined Mr. Corbin, and he lived there until his wife died, and then bought the other. . A Mr. Billings lived near Mr. Cooper, and 546 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. was an early comer in that neighborhood. Oliver Cooper married a Steinberg. Abel and Joseph Prince were brothers, and lived in the southern part of the township. They came after 1810. . George Pendleton came to Warren about 1814. . In 1802 James Bowen built a grist mill on the Middle branch of the Wappasening, near the center of the town. In 1803, William Arnold and Mr. Harding Avent to Sheshequin to procure meat ; they purchased one hundred pounds of pork, divided it equally, and started for home. Snow having fallen to some depth, and there being no track, Mr. Harding gave out when not far from where Potterville now is. Mr. Arnold left him to obtain help, but Avhen help came they found him a stiffened corpse. The first school was taught by R. Lee, in 1807. . The first death of an adult by disease was that of Theda Corbin. . Amos Coburn built the first framed house, and had the first "house warming." The first church erected in the township was of the Presbyterian denomination, in 1832. . In 1816, the Congregational Church was organized Avith fourteen members, of whom eight lived in Warren, the rest in Orwell. . At a very early date a Baptist Society was organized at Warren; they Avere called" "Old-School Baptists." In 1844 a New-School Baptist Church was organized at Warren Centre. In 1841 a Free Will Baptist Church Avas organized at the same point. Alfred Allyn lived on the road to Pike, about two miles from Oliver Corbin's. . Among other early . settlers Avho followed close in the wake of those already mentioned Ave may name Charles and Robert Sutton, Isaac Van Brunt, Samuel Mason, Lewis Barton, Samuel Mapes. . Amos Coburn built the first framed house in Warren. South Warren has one store. . Warren Centre has two stores and one grist mill. . West Warren has one store. CHAPTER LIV. WELLS TOWNSHIP. WELLS (with Springfield and Columbia) Avas taken from the town ship of Smithfield, in 1813, and named in honor of Henry Wells. It occupies a rolling and well-watered farming district, situ ated between the head-waters of Seeley, South and Mill creeks ; being bounded north by NeAV York, east by South creek, south by Columbia, and west by the county of Tioga, and was originally covered with a heavy primeval forest of beech, maple, hemlock, pine and other timber. The first permanent white settler was Rev. John Smith, familiarly called " Priest Smith." About 1792 he came with his family and Con- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 549 necticut title, and located on what is noAv knoAvn as the Beckwith farm. He was a man of learning, and the first Christian minister in this part of the county, and neAv-comers would journey long distances, by marked trees, to hear him preach. He eventually moved to Kentucky. Tavo other families, one or both by the name of Reeder, followed Smith, and built their cabins where there is the village of Wells; one AA'as opposite the residence of C. L. Shepard, and the other where John Roy lives. In 1795, Rev. Daniel Thatcher organized a Presbyterian Church at Elmira, and constituted the adult members of these three families a branch of the same. This Avas the first religious organization hereabouts, but did not long con tinue, for the Reeders soon moved away. They left a little grave where C. L. Shepard has his garden, which probably indicates the first death in town. Lemuel Gaylord purchased and located Avhere Mr. Pedrick is now, near the State'line, in 1800. Mrs. Gaylord taught the children of her neighbors gratis, at her own house, which Avas the first school. . Sol omon Judson came fjom Greenville, N. Y., in 1803, and located on grounds vacated by the Reeders. His children were Ithamar, Samuel, Isaac, Sarah, Mary and Jane. The aged parents were buried on the farm of John Roy ; Ithamar had a house for the entertainment of strangers, and for religious worship, a little above Shepard's store, but finally went to Ohio. Samuel and Isaac, after giving name to Judson Hill, went Avest. Two of the elder Judson's daughters reside in the village of Wells. . Deacon Silas Waldron arrived in 1804, and, after assisting the Judsons for a time in holding reading and prayer meetings, returned again to Connecticut. . John Osgood moved into the center of the toAvn in 1804. His children Avere John, Sarah, William, Elizabeth, Levi, Mary, Thomas, Caroline, Shubael, Merrill and Esther. Samuel Edsall came in 1S05. and located in the south part of the town. Adam Seeley had made a little beginning for him. Mr. Edsall's children Avere Permelia, Jesse, Richard, Charles, Barton, Lemira, James, Lewis, Seeley and Jackson. This was the beginning of the remarkable immigration from New Jersey, which continued to such an extent that in 1850 one-half of the inhabitants of the town were from that State. Shubael Rowlee arrived from New Jersey in 1807. His children Avere Shubael (who was a justice of the peace for tAventy-two years), James, Peter, George, Jonathan, Ananias, Patty and Elizabeth, About this time Benjamin Seeley and Esquire Hyde'located at Aspin- Avall. Soon after, Zephaniah Knapp settled half a mile north of Hyde; he being from Orange county, N. Y. The Avilderness rapidly filled up with such men as Samuel and William Ingalls, Thomas Warner and his sons — Truman, James and Hiram — James Gordon, Ralph Bovier, David Griswold and others. The first death of an adult was that of Peabody Keyes, who, soon after moving to the village of Wells, slipped on the ice, and dislocated his neck, December 25, 1813. A boy in the same neighborhood had ¦» 550 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. died previously; Solomon Soper's daughter had been scalded to death, on the occasion of a logging-bee at Samuel Edsall's, July 4, 1810. Peter P. French came from Washington county, N. Y., in 1824, and built the first lumber-mill in town same year. His children were James, Seabury G., George W., Mary Ann, William H., Charlotte and Lyman. In 1826 he had a Aveekly mail established betAveen Elmira and Mansfield, his sawmill giving name to the first postoffice. Pre vious to this, the inhabitants were dependent on Elmira for neAvs from the outside world. Schools Avere established as soon as settlements were formed, the first being near Avhere Albert Seeley lives, the next where Albert Jud son resides, then at AspinAvall, Judson Hill, Rowlee's and other localities. Religious meetings were held from the first in the north- Avest part of the' town, as Ave have seen Rev. Benjamin Oviatt came into the vicinity of the line between Wells and Columbia in 1819, and labored with great success. The first converts, consisting of twelve males and twelve females, Avere added to the Baptist Church, which had been organized at Sylvania in 1812 or '13. In 1821, hoAA'eA'er, the Baptist Church of Columbia and Wells was constituted, at the house of James Seeley, Avith forty-seven members. The entire additions during Elder Oviatt's service of three years were ninety. The present regular Baptist Church of Columbia and Wells had its' origin at the Haven school-house, April 3, 1846, and their house of Avorship Avas erected in 1853. The Methodists held meetings at the house of Samuel Ingalls, where David Fries resides, and afterAvard formed a class at Judson Hill, where they built a church in 1865. They have classes also at other points. A Presbyterian Church Avas organized at Wells by Rev. M. M. York and Rev. Simeon R. Jones, March 3, 1821, which became extinct in a few years. The North Church' of Wells Avas constituted at the State line, November 22, 1836, and their house of Avorship has been moved to the village so as to accommodate all societies. The present Presbyterian Church of Wells and Columbia was organized at the school-house in Aspimvall, February 22, 1832, and their meeting house was built in 1839. Rev. Joel Jewell has labored in the ministry of the gospel in the towns of Wells and Columbia for a period of thirty-five years, \yhich is longer than any other minister has served in this portion of the county. There is no mining in Wells ; no manufacturing save that of butter. In 1877 the number of milch coavs was 1487. John Brown sold that year, as the product from three cows, 903 pounds of butter, besides the milk and butter used in his family. Revolutionary patriots of Wells: Shubael Rowlee, died July 1, 1829; Solomon Judson, died December 12, 1836, aged 86; Thomas Warner, died March, 1840, aged 84. Veterans of 1812: Nathan Shepard, Sr., Wm. S. Ingalls, Shubael Rowlee, Jr., John Fitzsimmons, Strong Seeley, Amos Baker, William Osgood, Theophilus Moore, Israel Moore, Partial Mapes, Sarlls Barrett, Jesse Edsall, Richard Edsall, Joseph Capron and Thomas Ferguson. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 551 In the Mexican War Avas William R. Wilson, who was in the regular and volunteer military service over fourteen years. Wells Village has two stores, tAvo blacksmith shops, an undertaking establisment, a cooper's shop, one hotel and a cheese box factory. Aspinwall has one store, one blacksmith shop, an Odd Fellows hall and one church. . Daniel Strong oAvns a feed and cider mill, situated near the center of the township. There is also a creamery, owned by Warner & Gregg, situated near Aspinwall. CHAPTER LV. WEST BURLINGTON TOWNSHIP. THE topography of West Burlington township, is similar to that of Burlington, of Avhich it was formerly a part. The principal stream by which it is watered is the Sugar creek, which passes through the town in an easterly and northeasterly direction, centrally, and has several small tributary creeks, flowing in from the north and south. The soil and its productive capacity is the same as that of the sur rounding towns, and its many roads offer good facilities for reaching a market. The settlement of the township is given in the history of Burling ton, the Sugar creek colonization being common to both townships. The first clearing in the town was made on the Sugar,, near the mouth of Mill creek, in the east part of the town, near Burlington borough ; and at the junction of the roads, Avest of that point, the first church on the creek was built. Many descendants of the old pioneers, whose names are given in the history of Burlington, are living in West Burlington, the McKeans, Ballards, Goddards, Baileys, Pratts, Swains, Beaches, Leonards and others, whose farms lie along both banks of the creek. Organization. — The town of West Burlington was formed in 1855, from Burlington township, the boundary line between the two towns being very nearly located on the center line from north to south of the original town, in its wider part. The area of West Burlington is somewhat less than Burlington, but hot much. West Burlington Village is located in the western part of the town, at the junction of the roads north, a short distance of the bridge over the Sugar creek. It is a small hamlet, containing a postoffice, store, wagon, blacksmith and cooper shops, grocery, a school-house, and a Methodist Episcopal church, and thirty or more dwellings. On the opposite sides of the creek, the grist and saw mills of B. L. Rockwell & Sons are situated, known as the "West Burlington Mills." North of the village, in District No. 4, A. L.Ballard's sawmill is situated, and in Bloom District, No. 1, D. & G. D. Bourne have a lumber manufac tory and steam sawmill, and in District No. 3 is still another steam sawmill. 552 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. CHAPTER LVI. WILMOT TOWNSHIP. THIS township was named in honor of lion. David Wilmot. At the upper portion of the river boundary are alluvial flats, vary ing from twenty to forty rods in Avidth, which extend to the mouth of the Sugar run, Avhere the flats Aviden and extend a couple of miles up the creek. In the lower part of the township is Avhat is familiarly called " The Bend," or " Quick's Bend," from the name of one of the earliest settlers in the township. " Back from the river the land is hilly, but'is fertile. On the Sugar run Avas a lot having the name of Lincoln, which tract Avas granted by the Proprietaries, and patented to Reuben Hains, March 31, 1775, and by his heirs conveyed to Silas F. Andrews, Avho sold to Henry Brindle, April 6, 1804, and is the lot where Andrews built his mills. The first white settler in this toAvnship Avas Thomas Keeney, of Litchfield county, Conn. He settled first at Wapwallepack, but came to the present township of Wilmot as early as 1786. He purchased of Zebulon Butler, of Wilkes-Barre, a Connecticut right and title to a tract of land which he supposed was on the east side of the river, in Braintrim ; but when he came to locate it he found his lot was No. 1 of Springfield, which was the farm now occupied by Joseph Gamble and the heirs of James Gamble, in Wilmot. This land he worked the first season, living in a bark and brush cabin in the ravine near the house of G. Stuart Gamble, and built a log house on the east side of the river. The bank on which the latter was erected has long since been washed away. In 1788. Mr. Keeney brought his family from WapAvallepack. He was apprehended as one of the abductors of Timothy Pickering, taken to Wilkes-Barre, and kept in confinement all summer. . In the spring of 1788, Richard and Joshua Keeney, brothers, and probably distant relatives of Thomas, came to Wilmot from Connecticut. Richard married Mercy, a daughter of Thomas, in September, 1788. Richard and Thomas built the house occupied by Joseph Gamble. There the wife of Mark died, July 7, 1804, and he in the following October. Thomas sold the farm to Joseph Gamble's father in 1812. Jeremiah, son of Mark Keeney, lived on the Morrow place. James Anderson emigrated from County Monaghan, Ireland, with Samuel and James Gordon ; he settled first in Dauphin county, Avbere he married Mrs. Margaret (Cook) Bailey. In 1801 he moved on Sugar hill, in Wilmot. where Mr. Brindle, the owner, engaged him to board the hands employed in erecting buildings on the property. The next year he moved on the farm now owned by the Wilsons, in the " Bend; " and he first occupied a log house erected previous to his coming, but af ter Avards built on the bank of the river. The floods have since washed away the ground on which it stood. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 553 At this time the only persons living in the " Bend," beside James Anderson, Avere James Quick and Thomas Keeney. In 1818, Mr. Anderson sold to the Wilsons. The eldest daughter, Elizabeth, married Abial, son of Richard Keeney, and lived near the mouth of the Tusca rora. Mr. Anderson died suddenly in 1829, injured by the fall of a dead limb from a tree, while riding his horse on his way home from church. After his death his daughter Ellen returned and married William Lake. James Quick, of Dutch extraction, came from near Milford, in the Minisink country, to Tunkhannock, Avhere he remained a short time, and then located on what was known as the " Painter farm," so called from a man of that name (Philip Painter) who had settled there before the Revolutionary War. Mr. Quick came probably in 1791, for his daughter Hannah was born there in 1792. He lived for three or four years in a little log house on the north side of the small brook which runs through the farm lately owned by his son Paul, near the river, on the point of the ridge. He then built a heAvn log house on the south side of the creek, nearly opposite the old one. Christopher Schoonover, more commonly known by his Dutch name, " Stoffle," came as early as 1792 from the Delaware river, where he lived in the same neighborhood Avith James Quick.- Schoonover had cleared a few acres on the flats, the upland being covered with timber. His house was on the bank of the river below the Wilsons. It was of logs, and covered with bark or spalts. He moved up the river into the township of Litchfield, and Cornelius Quick bought his possession, Avho sold to James Anderson, and he in turn to the Wilsons. Schoonover had two sons, Joseph and Solomon, and two daughters. " Stoffle " Schoonover, when he came to Wilmot, brought a young man with him, named Webster Seymour. . Nathan Beeman -and his cousin, Timothy, came from Warren, Litchfield county, almost simultaneously. Nathan had a little house a short distance above the landing atKeeney's ferry. Judson Beeman, son of Timothy, was born December 29, 1785. Dr. Eben ezer Beeman was living in Black- Walnut, and Rockwell (Timothy's half- brother) had been about this section for some time, and the representa tions they gave of the country induced Timothy Beeman to settle there. He moved in March, 1799, with two teams, a yoke of oxen and sled, and span of horses and sleigh. They Avere twenty days en route. Timothy Beeman was the first settler in that part of the town, locating where Hollon lived. . Sugar Hill was then an unbroken wilderness, except that Vanderpool had built a log house on the farm where the late John BroAvn lived, cut a few trees, and moved away. When Mr. Beeman moved in there was no person living between his place and Ingham's, and his house Avas the only one in all that section. Judson Beeman says : " My father's family consisted of three sons and three daughters. We went there in the woods, without house or shelter. We moved into the Pool house, and stayed there the first year; then we put up a board shanty, in which we lived the following summer, and the next year my father, who was a carpenter, built a framed house. The hardest part of the Avork was hauling the boards up the hill from Andrews' mill. My father lived here until he died, in 554 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. August, 1830, at the age of seventy-six years. He, as well as my mother (Avhose maiden name Avas Grace), Avas buried on Lacy street. Seymour, my eldest brother, sold to Hollon, and moved away. Alfred, another brother, married Rachel, a daughter of Gerrit Smith, and lived on Lacey street. Gerrit Smith also went to New York, near Cayuga lake, and died there." Silas F. Andrews, son and executor of Ebenezer Andrews, or Andrus, as the name is sometimes spelled, Avas the first to settle on the Sugar run, above the river. He came about 1792. His wife was a daughter of Isaac Hancock. His father was one of the original proprietors of certified Springfield, was a settler in it before the Revolutionary War, and died soon after the war closed. Under date of December 29, 1792, the orphans' court of Luzerne county issued to him letters of administration on his father's estate. He bought the lot on Sugar run first above the Ingram property, Avhere he built a grist and saw mill at an early day ; the gristmill was but a small house of logs, with one run of stone ; the sawmill was of the same sort, very service able, but small. Mr. Andrews Avas an active business man; he not only built the mills, opened a road from them to the river, but was engaged in various enterprises for the improvement of his neighborhood. Mr. Andrews moved away, up the river, about the year 1800, having sold to William Brindle, a Dutchman, Avho came from near Harrisburg. He kept up the Andrews' mills for three or four years, and then moved to the West branch, although his son kept the property for some years later, when Joseph Preston succeeded to the ownership. Among other early settlers Ave may name Joseph Ingham, Avho lived where Washington Ingham now lives. By deed bearing date September 4, 1789, Jonas Ingham purchased of Isaac Benjamin tne Connecticut title to lots Nos. 7 and 8 on the Springfield list, which are at the mouth of Sugar run, and the land now owned by J. W. Ingham. Joseph, the son ot Jonas Ingham, took the property and began to make improA'ements, and built the mills, which, although they have been tAvice or three times rebuilt, were on nearly the same site as the ones now in use by Mr. Ingham. Thomas Ingham, a son of Joseph, succeeded to the property, and then his son, J. Washington Ingham. The family and mill have been landmarks in this part of the country for more than fourscore years. A brother is J. W. Ingham, is the Hon. T, J. Ingham, president judge of the district composed of the counties of Wyoming and Sullivan. Ephraim Marsh, came about the year 1799, and built a house about half-way between the river and AndreAvs' mill; also Eliphalet Marsh, a brother of Ephraim, and son of Simeon Marsh, who was a hunter, and lived on the place owned by Hiram Horton. The Marshes sold to Ebenezer Horton, and moved first to Lime, or Vaughan hill, and then to the Allegheny. Ephraim was father of Sydney Marsh. Old " Bussy " Rosecrantz came up to tend mill for Joseph Ingham; Gideon Baldw'in, Jr., married his daughter Betsey. The Gilsons lived on the Horton place for a time ; Joseph Ellsworth married one of the daughters and mdved into Pike township. Previous to the Revolutionary War, Samuel Gordon, Thomas HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 555 Wigton, and probably James Anderson had emigrated from Bally bay, in Monaghan, Ireland, and found homes in the Susquehanna valley. In 1799, Anderson returned to Ireland for his parents, and on coming back to America, in 1801, persuaded John Gamble, Jr., to come over with him, and in 1811 other members of the Gamble family, — which included John and his wife, Elizabeth Kennedy, and their sons James, William, Joseph and George, and John Morrow, who was a lad, the son of Nancy, a daughter of John Gamble, who married Mr. Morrow- sailed from Belfast, March 14, 1811. They first came on the farm owned by William Mittem and Charles Boyd, in Wyalusing township. Soon after John Gamble, the father, and his son James, bought land in Wilmot, on which the Gambles now live. Joseph Gamble, born September 8, 1791, still lives on a part of the property. John Morrow, Sr., whose wife was Nancy Gamble, came soon after. He died October 24,' 1837, at the age of sixty-seven years, and Avas buried on Lacey street. Nancy MorroAV died April, 1860, aged eighty- four, and was laid beside her husband. John, Jr., bought the farm in the Bend, on which his son Francis G. liATes. He married Sally Hor ton. Hon. Paul de Morrow, president-judge, was her son. James Gamble had married, in Ireland, Isabella Nesbit (born May, 1791 ; died July, 1868). William Nesbit, her brother, came o\rer in 1826 or 1827. After being here for a year or two he sent for his father Nathaniel, and his brother Nathaniel. The father died in 1830, having been here a year and a half, at the age of seventy-six years. The Nesbits lived in a house on the place where Stephen Dodd lives. Nathaniel, Jr., Avas a man of venerable age and of unblemished charac ter. From these beginnings the settlement of Ballibay, in Herrick, was commenced, all of the families there and in Wilmot being related either by blood or marriage. They came poor, but, by dint of great industry and economy, have cleared up farms, built" good houses, educated their children, and are among the leading families in the county. Stephen Preston, went to the AndreAvs' place about 1810, purchasing of Wm. Brindle, when the latter moved to Muncy. He died upon this place in 1827, aged sixty-five years. His wife survived him many years, but is now deceased, and both are buried at Wyalusing. . John Gamble and his son James bought a tract in Wilmot, of 400 acres, of Thomas Keeney, Avhere Joseph Gamble now lives Ignatius and Allen Wilson, father and son, came in after 1819. The Winslows came about the same time. Edward Winslow married a daughter of I. Wil son. They were from Mehoopany. William Nesbit came in 1826, and the father, Nathaniel, a little later ; they lived in a house near the pres ent residence of Mr. Dodd. There was an early burial-place near the log school-house, and a boy named Stranger, a brother of Robert, killed by a falling tree, was one of the first interments there. Allen Keeney states that Nathan Beeman taught the first school in Wilmot, but Judson Beeman says that Simeon Rockwell (a half- brother of Timothy Beeman) taught school in Wilmot before Nathan or his father came to the country. 556 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. CHAPTER LVII. WINDHAM TOWNSHIP. ONE of the first settlers in Windham was Philo Brainerd. He came in 1801, bringing his family, consisting of Avife, four sons, and one daughter, being induced tolocateherefromreportsof the cheapness of the land, fertility of the soil, and advantages of water-power for the construction of mills. He first purchased a tract of land of Col. Hale, a Connecticut claimant, but the title proving worthless he lost the whole, after having built upon itthe mills w'hich were afterward known as the Shoemaker's mills, afterward owned by some of the Judson family. He next purchased a section of State's land, 640 acres, which he divided among his sons, retaining the central portion for himself. He then made an opening on the right bank of the Wappa sening, and built a log house near the hickory tree which is yet standing. He built a framed house in 1809 on the Four Corners, but the first framed house in the township was erected by Darius Brainerd, in 1808, on a little eminence some rods south of the creek. This house was burned in January, 1829. Jephtha Brainerd was born at Chatham, Conn., in 1754. Although a farmer by occupation, in his younger days he served as sailor for a few years, and seven years in the struggle of the American Revolution, ending with being captured by the British and confined in a prison- ship. In 1779 he married Abigail Mack, Avho was born in East Haddam, Conn., in 1758. Their children were Darius, born October, 1780; Levi, born November 29, 1781; Drusilla, born August, 1783; Jephtha, Jr., born July 23, 1787; and Henry, born October 11, 1799. Jephtha Brainerd was not only a kindly and social neighbor, a capital story-teller over his mug of cider, but a prominent man in the pioneer settlement, being often chosen to adjudicate disputes, and hav ing served as a member of the Legislature. Darius Brainerd was drafted near the close of the last war Avith England, and went as far as Wilkes-Barre. He married Tamar Williamson, of Owego; his location was east of the forks at Windham Centre. He had quite a family, many of Avhom are still living in the county. Philo, his son, resides at Towanda. He died April 12, 1824, leaving a widow, one daughter and five sons. Jephtha Brainerd, Jr., married Betsey Smith, in 1810. He was an inveterate joker, and yet was appointed a, justice of the peace, and licensed as a Methodist preacher. He removed to Illinois in 1837. Drusilla Brainerd Avas married to John Dunham, in 1808. They had two daughters and one son, John L., Avho inherited a portion of the Brainerd estate, the son receiving the old homestead, which he occupied until 1848, when he sold to P. Kuykendall, and moved to Sullivan county, Pa. The daughters are living still, in pros perous circumstances. Drusilla died a Avidow, August 12, 1825. Levi HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 557 Brainerd died September 25, 1817, and Henry Brainerd in April, 1824. Abigail (Mack) Brainerd died in 1837 ; her husband, Jephtha, lived to a good old age, and died July 3, 1825. Daniel Doan moved into Windham in the fall of 1800. He lived in Windham Centre. His son, Seth, narrates that Thomas and John Fox were the only men there Avhen his father came, they having come the preceding spring. The children of Daniel were Seth, Daniel, Jr., Joseph, Nathan, Reuben, Charles, Sally and Phoebe. Daniel Doan, Jr., married Sylvia, daughter of James Bostwick, of New York. Joseph Doan lived about three-fourths of a mile from the Centre, on the place now occupied by his youngest son, Joseph. He lived and died there. Among the earliest settlers was Stephen Smith, who came about 1805, and settled where the widow Doan lives; he remained until 1817, when he sold to Joseph Webster. He was an old man, had been a captain in the Revolutionary War, and Avas the first settler on the place. Gerard Smith, brother of Rensselaer and grandson of Capt. Stephen Smith, came in 1805 and settled on the Webster place, pur chasing of Rensselaer Moon. He built two sawmills on the Wappasen ing, at Madden's, the first in the township. There was also a grist mill at the same location, contemporaneous with the mills above men tioned. ^Gerard Smith sold to Joseph Webster. Rensselaer Smith, born in 1801, came in 1812. The Foxes, from Connecticut, had pre ceded him, and were among the first settlers. Jonah Fox lived at the Johnsons' location, and his son, Thomas, lived where Jacob Reed for merly kept tavern. Russell, another son, lived nearly opposite his father's place. The sons of Thomas Fox were Harryj Silas and George. They lived near the State line. . David Short, a preacher, Avith his father and brothers, Reuben and Abel, came about 1807, and located where the widow Doan resided. Other early settlers were Lyman Winchester, who lived a little above Brai nerd's, and was a great hunter; Nathan Spalding, from Rhode Island, who sold his possession to Daniel Doan, Sr., and moved into Warren ; Augustus Hulon, Avho lived where the creek crosses the road below Windham Centre, and who was connected with and always followed Capt. Smith in his migrations ; and Jonathan Pease, Avho took out a patent for a large tract of land, in behalf of the set tlers, and then deeded off their respective lots to them. He died August 2, 1836, aged sixty-nine years. His wife died March 16, 1845, in her eightieth year. Joseph Webster, in 1813, came from Connecticut and settled on the place occupied by Geo-rge Smith, purchasing of Capt. Smith, Gerard Smith and Augustus Hulon. He died in 1830. At the time of his coming Edmund Russell was justice of the peace ; Mr. Webster suc ceeded him, and continued in office until his death. . Edmund Rus sell and Parley Johnson (brothers-in-law of Mr. Webster), settled in Windham a year or two before him, and gave such a flattering de scription of the county as to induce Mr. Webster to locate there. His business was largely lumbering. Nathan Doan married his Avidow, who still survives. 558 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. John Bussell, with his family, came from Litchfield county, Conn., to Orwell, in 1800; after various changes he settled in Wind ham, in 1817, where he bought a tract of land, upon which he lived until his death, in 1820, aged sixty-four years. . Edmund Russell, son of the above, lived in Windham. He died February 21, 1840, aged sixty-one. Of the other sons, Henry died in 1871, aged eighty- three fears; John, Jr., moved to Wisconsin in 1819, and died there; William lived next below Esquire William Russell, and died in 1858, aged sixty-four years ; Samuel, born in 1784, died in 1832 ; Julius, born 1796, died in 1868 ; George W. lived in Windham until 1842, and subsequently Avent to Wisconsin. Of the daughters, Brazilla lived at or near Hartford, Pa.; Sarah was married to Col. Theron Darling, and lived in Orwell ; Polly (Mary) was the wife successively of Mr. Anthony and James Bush, and resided in Windham. James Bush died February 17, 1861, aged eighty-two. . Edmund Rus sell was the first of the family to move into Windham. He built the stone tavern commonly called the " Stone Jug." Parley Johnson, a blacksmith, came in 1809, and settled near Shoemaker's mill, on the Wappasening. . Amos Verbeck, an old pioneer, who lived on the State line, came, in 1804, from the Hudson river. He sold to Stephen Morey, and went to Wisconsin, Avith his children, in 1844. . Benjamin Shoemaker, a sorr of Daniel, and half-brother of Elijah, of Wyoming Valley, came from Northampton county and settled in Bradford as early as 1800. He purchased the gristmill since known as Shoemaker's, built by Jephtha Brainerd in 1790. It was a small log building, containing one run of stone, and was burnt in 1815. Another one Avas erected on its site. Caleb Wright built the first sawmill and gristmill on the Wappa sening. For a number of years logs Avere hauled to the mills near the river, where they were sawed, and the lumber run down the river in rafts. Wright's mill was built as early as 1812. The Dunhams owned the site. Seth Doan built a sawmill on the head-Avaters of the Wysox as early as 1848, on a lot bought of Col. Kingsbury. Benjamin Shoemaker kept a public-house from the time of his settlement until his death, and his wife kept it after his demise. It Avas a general stopping-place for the people down the river when going to Ithaca. Mr. Shoemaker married Eunice Shaw, of Cherry creek, Northampton county. She died in 1858, aged seventy -seven. John S. Madden, a native of Ireland, on the Wappasening, is an enterprising citizen. At his place in Windham, about two miles below the center, are sawmill, gristmill, plaster-mill, a carding-mill and a tannery. . James Mapes sold his place to Benjamin Shoemaker. Hesselgesser was an old hunter and squatter. He lived on the hill, on the farm of Samuel Shoemaker,purchased in 1815 by Mrs. Benjamin Shoemaker. Tyle Sherman carried tAvo bushels of wheat a distance of seven miles to Shoemaker's mills, and laid his load doAvn but once. In 1802 the late Henry Russell, then seventeen years of age, was sent to mill, with Josiah Grant, to get two bushels of Avheat ground. They traveled two hundred and sixty-two miles, over paths only indicated bv HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 559 blazed trees, to obtain the flour needed. At another time he took a small grist in a canoe from Nichols to Lackawanna (now Pittston), poling the canoe down and back, over two hundred miles. Such were the discouragements experienced by the early settlers. In 1815 there were but two horses in the town. Lumbering was largely engaged in in the early days. At one time there were twelve sawmills. Windham has one store. . Windham Centre has two stores, a blacksmith shop and a wagon shop. . Windham Summit has one church. CHAPTER LVIII. WYALU3IXG TOWNSHIP— WYALUSING BOROUGH. IN the cycles of time come the fleeting yeare, the fleeting tribes, nations and civilizations, and the great march taken up when the morning stars sang together goes on and on forever. Because the seed and its environment, of which come sprouting and growth, ripen ing of other seed and decay of the bearing stem, are the eternal la ay of change and reproduction, is the chiefest cause of the historical interest that attaches to the gray traditions of the pre-historic peoples that once lived, flourished and passed away, and their changing prede cessors, coming and going like the leaves of the poppy, until the cir cling throng comes within the range of vision of the chronicler and historian, and give us the foundation-beams on which press the pres ent great superstructure of our societies and civilizations. The ascend ing rounds of the ladder it is that invests all the interest there is to past barbarisms, as they furnish the materials for the coming explorers, Hunters and trappers, the conquerors of empire and the missionaries of the Church, that give the students of history and biology all their interests in the dim and uncertain past. In this respect Wyalusing is the central point of interest in the northern tier of Pennsylvania. A little spot, Friedenshiltten, about three miles square, figures pre-eminently in our Colonial history ; it is on the North branch of Pennsylvania's great river, the Susquehanna, and is a part of Bradford county and Wyalusing township, and even includes, resting upon its outer border, a part of the borough of Wya lusing — connecting itself, as it closely does, with the Wyoming Valley, it gives our history its first important chapter. Here is a cove of fertile alluvium, one of the many that indent the shores of this curious river in its winding through the Appalachian mountains and highlands that cross the State from northeast to southwest — Avhere is to be seen a peculiar condition of infrequent occurrence in nature — a great river with no valley proper of its own. The first the writer noticed of this strange formation was standing upon the summit of Vaughn hill, with the river hundreds of feet below the jutting wall, and looking out over 560 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. one of the finest perspectives he ever beheld, up and down the river, that coils in and out like a silvery serpent; and away in the blue distance is Pool mountain, and still further is Mount Pisgah^ one of the first points in the State to kiss the jocund morn. Here, it is plain to see, the river has simply forged its way, cutting here and there the rock walls of the points of hills, Avith no certain valley to point to its once Avide shores. One hundred and twenty-five years ago the pure and gentle Mora vian, David Zeisberger, came, planting in the wilderness the cross of Christ and telling the simple children the transcendent story of the Redemption. On the beautiful cove at the mouth of Wyalusing creek had settled a clan of the tribe of Minsis Indians, under their chief, Poppanhauk. This beautiful and fertile spot was on the line of the southern Avarpath of the powerful Iroquois, or Six Nations, in their southern marauds, and hence it had passed into traditions as the 'beau tiful but bloody ground." The Indians under Poppanhauk had come here after their chief had met the Mora\'ians near Bethlehem, and had been most favorably impressed with them and their Christian teach ings. They had fled from what is now Carbon county, in 1752, it is supposed, and took up their abode at the Wyalusing. In May, 1760, Christian Fredrick Post, of Bethlehem, going on a mission of danger to the Six Nations, came to the Wyalusing village and spent the night with the Indians. He was accompanied by John Hays, and describes the village as a " religious band of Indians on the east side of the river," and he estimated the place to consist of "twenty Avell-built Indian houses." At the request of the Indians Post tarried a day and preached to the villagers. This sermon, May 20, 1760, was the first church ser vice in northern Pennsylvania, and, therefore, when David Zeisberger came as a missionary in 1763 the way had been prepared by Post, and he soon baptized Poppanhauk. John Woodman, an evangelist of the society of Friends, had visited the place a short time before the arrival of Zeisberger in 1763, and had preached to the Indians. The Moravian Mission properly commenced at Wyalusing 1765, after the end of the Pontiac conspiracy, and the return of Pappanhauk Avith his people, who had been driven out of the country, and had been in the barracks at Philadelphia. And the history of that missionary post, proper, is from May 9, 1765, to June 11, 1772. These peaceable and friendly Indians were first under the care of Moravians, and also were aided by the Colonial government. The site of their first village was at old Browntown, in more modern times the noted stage stand and most important place in the south part of the county, until the work of building the canal was completed, when what is the borough of Wyalusing commenced to grow, and BrowntoAvn slowly faded away. It was situated about five miles south ofthe present borough. The old Ira Brown farm is, no doubt, where the first Indian village was located. In 1776, it being resolved to select a more suitable place for their village, the "upper end of the flat" was agreed upon, and the village was moved, and upon this site stands the memorial monument of " old Friedenshiitten, within plain view of Mrs. Judge Stalford's residence, and near the railroad track. This- was' made into regular streets, and thirtv-five huts and cabins were moved from the old to the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 561 new village ; and, with the others, was moved the church house, and set up in the center of the plat, " near an excellent spring," and a log dwelling was put up for the missionaries. In January, 1767, a new and more commodious church house was erected, of square timbers, 32x22, and covered with a shingle roof in 1768. And in that year they made the further improvement of sash and glass in the four Avin- dows; and in the following September, 1769, a belfry, in AA'hich was hung a bell. June 11, 1772, this bell was taken down and hung in the front part of Timothy's canoe, that headed the procession, and tolled so mournfully until the voyageurs. en route for the Allegheny country, rounded the point down the river which forever shut out from their A'iew the "huts of peace." Thus we see it was the second town that was given the name of " Friedenshiitten" (huts of peace). At the time of the abandonment of the place it had grown to fifty-two dAvell- ings — thirty-nine log cabins and thirteen huts ; left as empty, silent sentinels in the wilderness. The fate of this deserted village is not precisely known. It Avas left to the care of Job Chillaway. The site is now part of the farm of the late Judge Levi P. Stalford. The troublous times of the Revolution swiftly followed the exodus ; in fact, that movement was but the forerunner of the coming war ; and, from accounts of Sullivan's expedition, we learn that a division of his army encamped on the village site, and then " there was not the appearance of a house to be seen, the old Moravian town having been destroyed — partly by the saA-ages and partly by the Avhites. in the present war." In this little Moravian church, the festivals of Easter, Pentecost, Christmas and Epiphany Avere celebrated after the Moravian custom. On Chrismas Eve of 176S, the chapel was finely illuminated, the picture of the Nativity being surrounded with fifty lights, for the first time furnished with burning tapers, and the whole people joined in the chorus : " Gelobel seist Du Jesus Christ. Dost Du Mensch geworden bist." On this occasion a strange scene was presented : Indians for many miles up and down the river had come, decked in all their barbaric splendors of skins, feathers, beads and paints, and, mute with wonder ment, crowded about in that wondering silence characteristic of the wild children of the woods. These religious Indians retained their native characteristics — the men hunting and the women planting, hoeing and har\resting the corn, beans and pumpkins ; in addition to planting on the Judge Stalford farm, they cultivated fertile patches on the creek, and on the island above the village, and on Sugar run. The women also cut and carried the winter supply of fuel : often followed the men on the chase, and halted at designated points, which were the base of supplies; or, when required, repaired through the woods and over mountains, despite the weather, to distant hunting lodges, Avith venison or bear's meat that had been taken from the cache — the Indian's store house for future or summer use ; again in the later winter or early spring they were required to repair to the sugar camps and make the annual supply of maple sugar ; in the summer gathering flag and rush for mats,' huckle berries, pulling wild hemp for making bands, picking cranberries in the swamps, especially in Wilmot township, and ginseng and 562 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Avild potatoes; they also cut the rank wild grass and made hay, and for this purpose they had to go seven miles up from Wyalusing to Mes- chasgunk (Flea-town), as there was not a sufficiency of grass nearer. .From the diary of the Moravians, Avho kept the Wyalusing mission, are take the following extracts : •' July 14, 1765. — I gathered bark for covering my hut (Zeis berger). . July 21. — The entire nation of the Tutelars (but a handful of people) passed en route for Shamokin, to hunt. . Sept. 30. — This evening a wolf Avas killed in the town. . Jan. 2, 1766. — The hunters brought in ten deer. . Jan. 18. — The young men went out on a bear- hunt and returned on the 17th with seven. The meat Avas apportioned among the heads of families. . Sept. 23. — Esther, with other sisters, went to gather ginseng. . Nov. 4 — Cornelius trapped tAvo wolves near town of a pack that had been tearing calves. He secured the culprits by an ingenious piece of strategy, having suspended one of their slain victims from a tree, and immediately under the lure placed two rifles, with muzzles directed toward the only point of approach, in attempting to pass which a rope nicely adjusted, so as to control the triggers, would inevitably be disturbed and discharge the pieces." In the diary for 1768 are the following : " April 23. — The Susquehanna rose and inundated the plantation. . June 25. — The Captain of Shamunk, the new town above Tioga, came to purchase corn. . August 22. — Council set a bounty of two quarts of corn for every inhabitant on a wolf-scalp, payable to the fortunate hunter. . September 13. — Set watches and kept fires burn ing through the night, to guard against the depredations of wolves. . September 14. — Unroofed the church in order to build it higher by two rows of logs. . October 25. — My wife and myself harvested potatoes. . November 21. — Excessively cold weather and deep snow. . March 20, 1769.— Twenty Nanticokes from Zeninge arrived. They report a scarcity of food, almost a famine up the river, and they bring the blankets and strouds which were apportioned among them at the last treaty, to barter away for corn. . July 16. — Twenty families came up from Shamokin to procure corn. . July 20. — Forty Indians from different points, all half famished, came for corn. . July 23. — Ten Cayugas came on the same errand. There is scarcity with us also, and the Indians eat but one meal a day. . January 16, 1770. — The brethren felled trees and hewed logs for the proposed school- house. . March 26. — Bro. Jungman was busy boiling maple-molasses. . May 16. — Took 1200 shad. . June 6. — planted corn for the second time, the worms having destroyed the first planting entirely. . June 16. — There arrived two Mohawks, sent by the Six Nations, with a message and a belt to the New Englanders at Wyoming, to the effect that if they (the New Englanders) delayed eATacuating the valley, they would come down and take them by the hair and shake them. . October 12. — My wife and myself bound buckwheat. . December 20. — The school closed for the term. The scholars have been punctual in their attendance, and have made commendable progress. Some write on slates, the younger ones on Avooden tablets. . April 27, 1771. — Daily we have a plentiful supply of pigeons." HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 563 From these faithful annalists of the ancient times we glean the following authentic history. June 10, 1772, thirty canoes Avere ready at the bank to convey the people aAvay from their " huts of peace," never to return. Others Avere to go overland to Mercy creek, the first under Brother Roth and the other under Brother Ettwein. In their journals they speak of the movements of Avhite men through Wyalusing and A'icinity. There Avere no white men residing in the valley during the occupation of Friedenshiitten by the missionaries. In one place they mention the fact that a Avhite man, " an Irishman " Avas residing in Schechshiquanink (Sheshequin), this entry is dated December 5, 1768, and is again mentioned February 2, 1769. He assisted Jim and Sam Davis in conveying Missionary Roth's effects to Sheshequin when the latter was settled there at the dates given. Another man ( " an Irishman " again) is noticed as in Sheshequin, referred to December 20, 1770, spoken of by three Indians that passed through the Indian A'illage. These Indians were police in the hunt of this man to arrest him, and they said he had stopped a short time in Sheshequin. Occasional visits are mentioned of traders passing through — a man named Anderson of Easton who made regular annual trips ; another named Ogden, of Wyoming, whose trading house and dwelling Avere sacked and burned by the Connecticut men in April, 1770. The causes of the exodus from Friedenshiitten Avere first the evident coming trouble between the Yankees and Pennamitesand the growing indications that John Pappanhauk's title to the lands assured to them Avould ultimately be involved, and second the action of Job Chillaway in securing a survey to himself of the land from Penn. Chillaway assured the Indians that he had acted thus, solely in their common interests, but this assurance was not satisfactory. The authorities at Bethlehem were offered lands in Ohio for these people, and they there fore determined to abandon forever Friedenshiitten. The order for the survey at Wyalusing to Job ChillaAvay was made May 20, 1772, and the survey Avas made by John Lukens, surveyor general, September 16, 1773, and Chillaway's title confirmed as sur veyed March 10, 1774. and his patent March 12, folloAving, and is signed by Thomas and John Penn for six hundred and tAventy-three acres, now the farms of the late Judge L. P. Stalford and Mr. Brown ; the boundary lines as folloAvs : Beginning at the easterly side of the northeast branch of the Susquehanna, at the mouth of Wyalusing creek ; thence up along the side of said creek, one hundred and thirty- nine perches to a post ; thence by Benjamin Bear's land, south fifty- seven degrees east, one hundred and ninety-four perches to a marked white oak ; thence by vacant land south thirty -seven degrees east one hundred and forty-two perches to a marked pine, south sixty-eight degrees east, ninety-six perches to a marked pine and north sixty-seven degrees east one hundred and forty-tAvo perches to a post; thence by William Kinsley's land (spelled Kingsleys in the patent) south seventy degrees east, one hundred and forty perches to a marked buttonwood at the site of the northeast branch on Susquehanna aforesaid ; thence up along the side of the said branch on the several courses thereof eight hundred and eight perches to the place of beginning. The tract 564 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. being a part of the " Manor of Pomfret " in the county of Northum berland. May 4, 1775, Job and Elizabeth Chillaway conveyed by deed this .tract of land to Henry Pawling, great-grandfather of the late Judge Levi Pawling Stalford, in consideration of the sum of £784, sub ject to a mortgage of £236 due parties in Philadelphia; and Pawling, by his Avill, dated August 29, 1792, conveyed a part of this land to his daughter, Catharine Stalford (spelled Stalmf'ord), wife of Joseph Stalford. She was to locate her 275 acres according to her pleasure. The commissioners appointed to settle the titles in Springfield town ship assigned the upper half of the Pawling tract to Connecticut claimants, leaving to the Stalford family, where it is now, the part actually occupied by the Indians. The Moravian brothers of Bethlehem visited Wyalusing in 1870, and hunted out the grounds of Friedenshiitten, and a memorial monu ment was erected on the old village ground, standing in front of the late Judge Stalford's residence, and near the track of the Lehigh Valley Road. The dedicatory services of the monument Avere held June 14 and 15, 1871. It is of drab sandstone from near Pittston; the founda tion stone is from Laceyville; total height of the structure is fifteen feet ; on the eastern face is the following: "This stone was erected on the 15th of June, in the year of Redemption 1871, by members of the Moravian Historical Society." There was present at the dedica tion Bernhard Adam Grube, eighty years old, a grandson of Rev. Grube, Avho had been a teacher and adviser at old Friedenshiitten, who told the audience interesting reminiscences of his grandfather who died at Bethlehem, March 20, 1808, aged ninety-three years. In the course of his remarks he pointed out a little girl, sitting at his side, Annie W. Lehman, whose great-grandfather, John Heckewelder, had followed the Indians of Friedenshiitten into the western country casting his lot with theirs in the darkest days of the mission. The Pawlings took possession of their land, and they brought as tenant, Isaac Hancock, Avho came in 1776, who soon had cleared a farm near the old Indian village site. It is a disputed question whether any white man remained in the valley during the War of the Revolution or not, and yet from the late Judge L. P. Stalford's notes is taken the statement that this man Hancock opened the first public-house and kept it from 1780 to 1795 ; and he farther states that he was the first justice of the peace ; that he was here from 1766 to 1795, and that his daughter, born in 1777, was the first white child born in this vicinity. It is Avell to here state that the Moravians are Protestants Avho came from Moravia, in the south of Bohemia, and in 1574 were expelled on account of religion. In 1627, at the council of Ostrorog, the Bohemian and SAviss churches were consolidated and took the name of " Church of the United Brethren." They are Episcopal in government, Calvanistic in doctrine, and noted for their missionary zeal ; they established themselves in Bethlehem, Pa., in 1742, and from there sent out their missionaries to the heathen in all lands. Hon. L. P. Stalford, under date of November 6, 1867, wrote to HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 565 Hooker's Northern Tier- Gazette, of Troy, in reply to Mr. Hooker, giv ing some incidents of the settlement of Wyalusing that he had heard his father relate, expressing regret that, in 1857, his books, papers and memoranda were burned Avith his house. The Avhifes came first to Wyalusing about the year 1776 ; Joseph Stalford leased the land to Isaac Hancock, who built near old " Frie denshiitten " church. The same year Nathan Kinsley settled on the same lot, and built his log house near the mouth of the creek. The same year, three brothers, Reuben, Amasa and Guy Welles, came and also built near the creek's mouth. These were of the family of C. F. Welles. In 1778 came Thomas Lewis, father of Justus Lewis, and settled down nearer the Indian village. These were all from Connect icut, and claimed under the Susquehanna Company. Thus stood the Wyalusing settlement until 1778. In 1792. L. P. Stalford's grand father, and his father, Benjamin Stalford, came and built their log house near the Indian village. Stalford found himself surrounded by adverse claimants, and finally compromised the whole and kept for himself 480 acres " as far up and down the river as the Indians had cultivated." He relates the horrible tragedy that occurred in Nathan Kinsley's family : In the year 1778, just before or after the Wyoming massacre, a party of Indians traveling up the river, in passing Kinsley's house saw two boys in the dooryard grinding an ax ; an Indian fired and killed one of the boys, and they seized the other and carried him off. Poor, broken-hearted Kinsley spent the remainder of his life trying to find his boy, but could never hear of him. The Kinsley house stood, until very recently, covered and protected by C. F. Welles', a solemn memento of the pioneers. The whole settlement gathered and pur sued the Indians and overhauled them in the Avestern part of the township, Avhere a sharp fight took place, in which one Indian was killed, and the Indians tomahawked a white woman captive. The first tavern at Wyalusing was kept by Isaac Hancock, in a log house, of course, about one hundred rods from the Indian church. People traveled on horseback and in canoes, and the rush to the north gave this hostelry much patronage. The first frame house in the toAvn- ship was built by Joseph Stalford in 1796— got the lumber from Tioga Point — on this roof Avere real feather-edged shingles and hand-wrought nails. . Samuel Gordon built the first gristmill in 1792 — one-horse water power without bolt. In 1796 Joseph ToAvn built a saw and grist mill. About the same time the people, four miles along Wyalusing creek, built a school-house. This was used by the Presbyterians for a number of years as a church. In the period from 1820 to 1830 there were five stills in full opera tion in the township; two taverns, of which one was kept in full blast by one of the church deacons, who sold liquor freely, and another prominent brother ran one of the distilleries. The first church services, after the Moravian church was destroyed, Avas at the house of Widow Lucretia York, in 1785, on the old John Hollenback place. ¦ Services were held here until the Presbyterian Church was organized at her house in 1793 — the first of the kind in the 31 566 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. county, held under the direction of a man named Bakhvin, his wife and Mrs. York constituting the total first membership. This organization afterward moved to Merryall and continued to the present. Joseph Stalford's first frame house was burned in July, 1851, and four men lost their lives in the conflagration. It is said that Hancock had a rope factory, using wild hemp to make strings, ropes and cords, in much demand by the Indians in packing. Mrs. York was a daughter of Manassah Miner, of Connecticut, where she was born in February, 1730. Her husband was Amos York, who came here in 1773 and proved himself an ardent Whig. He was cap tured by the Indians February 14, 1877, and taken to Canada through " the deep snow," in which he suffered incredible hardships, but was finally exchanged and reached his native place in Connecticut, where he died, leaving a widow and eight children, the youngest child being but three weeks old. ' Added to the horrors of their situation, they had been plundered by the Indians and were in the wilderness, surrounded only by the enemy. She took her family to Wyoming, and it Avas at the battle where her son-in-laAv, Capt. Aholiab Buch Avas killed, leav ing a Avidow with a four-months'-old infant. This woman set out with the hegira with her eight children and orphan grandchild for Connec ticut. In 1785 she returned to Wyalusing and remained till her death, which occurred October 30, 1818, when she was in her eighty-eighth year. Nathan Kinsley, Justus Gaylord, Oliver Dodge, Thomas Lewis, Isaac Hancock and Gideon Baldwin were appointed by the court commission, in 1788, to lay out all necessary roads in Springfield township, the first regular roads opened in Wyalusing. In 1771 Lieutenant James Welles, of Connecticut, came as a settler, and he became proprietor of one of the two townships surveyed by the Susquehanna company — Charlestown township. In 1775 Col. Plunket, under orders from Pennsylvania, with a force of armed men, broke up the settlement, burned the buildings, plundered their property and took the men as prisoners to jail. James Welles was the father of Reuben, Guy and Amasa Welles. Justus Gaylord was one of the men captured by Plunket, and was lodged in Sunbury jail. When released he returned to Wyalusing and lived where the railroad now crosses the line between the Welles and Stalford estates. Among those who fled to the forts for protection were Z. Marcy, E. Sanford, I. Thompson, Phelps the Elder, N. Depew and R. Carr. It is not known that any of these ever returned. 1780-1786. — The valley of the North Branch originally formed a part of Northampton county, but subsequently it was set off to Northumberland, and in 1780 the township of Wyalusing was created. As then described it was bounded on the north and south by parallel lines running due east and west, the north line crossing at Standing Stone and the south line at the mouth of Meshoppen creek ; the eastern boundary being the east line of Susquehanna county, and its western line the limits of the headwaters of Towanda creek. The organization of the township did not take place until some time after the act creating. Luzerne county was erected September 25, 1786, and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 567 Wyalusing was one of its eleven townships. The townships of the Susquehanna Company Avere never recognized by the Pennsylvania authorities as political divisions. When the country had quieted from the effects of Avar, the old settlers in the valley about Wyalusing began to return. Among the first to arrive was Thomas Brown, Avho occupied a clearing on Sugar run creek, about half a mile from the river. In 1791 Richard Vaughan was buried at Wyalusing. He was a native of New York, born in 1754, and came to Lackawanna with two brothers ; he served in the Revolution, and was part of the time a quartermaster. All the Vaughan family, except the son Elias, left this country. He Avas commissioned postmaster in 1811, and retained the office a number of years. He removed to Vaughan Hill, where his posterity reside ; he married Sarah Abbott, March 6, 1807, and died in 1865, in his eighty-third year. The next arrivals after Brown Avere the Kinsleys, Amos Ackley, Riohard Bennett and Judah Benjamin, about 1782. These all clus tered about what was known as Browntown, along a path which fol lowed nearly the course of the old canal. By 1795 they began building up along the creek. Benjamin's house was nearly five miles from the mouth, and was near a place lately occupied by G. W. Jackson. He removed to Pike township. Ackley lived about sixty rods still further up, at the foot of the hill beside the old mill. He removed to Durell creek, and there are several of his descendants now there. Bennett built a small mill near where stands Bascom Taylor's barn. This small mill, perhaps the first — a small affair — is mentioned in a survey of 1890. It may be said to be the first mill in the county. Isaac Hancock returned about 1785. It has been mentioned that his third daughter, Polly, was born here September 10, 1777 — the second white child born in Wyalusing ; Amos York's son, who died in infancy, being the first. Polly Hancock was married to Ezekiel BroAvn. Soon after Hancock's" return he built his log tavern, nearly opposite the Sugar run ferry road ; here he dealt out entertainment to man and beast generously, together with New England rum and home-made whisky. Ancient chronologists inform us that Justus Gaylord was one of the most prominent citizens of this part of the county, honored and respected by his neighbors, full of public spirit, and his good judgment was freely given for the promotion of the public weal. In 1806 he was placed on the Luzerne county ticket for the Assembly. The vote stood: Justus Gaylord 38; Justus Gaylord, Jr,, 333; Moses Coolbaugh 364. He was beaten by this mistake of the voters, though really having a majority of the votes. Less than 400 votes, it will be seen, at that time elected, although the district embraced what is now Luzerne, Wyoming, Susquehanna and Bradford counties, except the Tioga district. The first school in Wyalusing was taught in Justus Gay lord's house, the teacher being Uriah Terry, the founder of Terrytown. Joseph Elliott came in 1785, from his native place, Stonington, Conn., where he was born October 10, 1755. Elliott was captured at the battle of Wyoming, stripped and led to the "Bloody Rock" with 568 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the other captives to be butchered. When six or seven men in the fated line had been murdered, one, Thomas Fuller, shook off his captors and sprang to escape, but was seized and tomahawked ; Avhile this attracted the attention of the Indians, Elliott and Hammond at the same time broke away and fled, Hammond to the mountain and Elliot to the river. Though hotly pursued he escaped, but Avas wounded in the shoulder by a ball Avhen nearly across; secreting himself, he made his way in the dark to Wilkes-Barre to the fort. As soon as he recovered he again joined the army, and was in Sullivan's expedition ; he and John Carey Avere chosen as express between the armv and Wyoming, and their service was arduous and heroic. In 1792 Elliott removed to Merryall. where he died March 29, 1849, the last survivor of the battle of Wyoming. He was twice married, his first wife being a daughter of Thomas Brown; after her death he married, October 17, 1787, a daughter of Thomas Lewis. The "hard times" of those years, the poverty among a people who had endured all that borderers could suffer and live — their property destroyed, and fleeing for their lives from burned and desolated homes, it required brave hearts and willing hands to return and renew the bitter struggle for existence. Timothy Pickering passed up the Sus quehanna in 1784, and he says : " We were under the necessity of pass ing through the Wyoming settlements from Nescopeck to Tioga. The inhabitants, from the causes before mentioned (the Indian depreda tions), Avere universally poor, and their stock of cattle small and inad equate to the common purposes of husbandry. From Nescopeck to Tioga, a distance of one hundred and tAventy miles, we tasted bread but once." For several years, corn, coarsely broken in their stump mortars, and venison, formed almost exclusively their only articles of diet. It must be borne in mind that the first settlements were on the low river flats. In the ice-floods of 1784 these grounds Avere covered with water, and in 1789 the river suddenly rose to a greater height than ever before known, causing much destruction of property. Hay in the stacks, corn in the shocks, and cattle on the meadoAvs were all swept away, and the greatest suffering folloAved. This was the great "Pumpkin Freshet," so called from the number of pumpkins that were seen floating on the raging river. Often the early history is found mostly in ancient church records. In 1793 the first Presbyterian Church, in the whole valley drained by the North branch of the Susquehanna, was formed in Wyalusing, there Avere thirteen members : Uriah Terry, Lucretia York, Justus Gaylord, Jr., and his wife Lucretia, Zachariah Price and Ruth his wife, Mary Lewis, Abigail Welles, Sarah Rockwell, Anna Camp, James Lake, Thomas Oviatt and Hannah Beckwith. Mary Lewis, nee Turrell, Avas the Avife of Thomas Lewis; they Avere married May 20, 1768, and came to Wyalusing in 1786 and built their cabin a few rods south of the borough, near the river. Here their son Justus was born, August 24, 1787. The wife, Avidow and mother died January 23, 1813. . Anna Camp, nee Oviatt, was born in Connecti cut January 27, 1749, married Job Camp, February 22, 1773, and they came to Wyalusing in 1792 ; settling in CamptoAvn, and there lived HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 569 until his death, January 17, 1822; she died November 19, 1825. Abigail Welles, a sister of Mrs. Lewis, wife of Deacon Reuben Welles, was an early comer. In 1794 ten persons were added to the church: Justus Gaylord and Elizabeth, his wife; John Taylor and Avife, Deborah; Daniel Turrell and his wife, Temperance; M. Miner York, Bernetha Buck, Parshall Terry and Reuben Welles. John Taylor was a native of Dauphin county, Pa., born January 7, 1770, and came to Wyalusing in 1793. On May 16, 1794, he was married to Deborah Buck, daughter of Capt. Aholiab Buck and grand daughter of Mrs. Lucretia York. Deborah was born in Forty Fort, March 25, 1778, three months before the battle where her father was slain. She died September 26, 1856. Rev. Manassah Miner York was the only son of Amos York, born in Stonington, Conn., in October, 1767. His father died when he was aged eleven years, and the lad had to face many hardships. He mar ried Betsy Arnold, in 1792, and having studied for the ministry was licensed in 1809, in Avhich year he became the stationed minister at Wyalusing, and continued here until 1818 ; he died in Wysox, January 2, 1830. The additions to the church in 1795 Avere Deborah Horton, Uronia Stalford and Zeruah Lacey. The first, Avho was a daughter of Par- shall Terry, and wife of John Horton, came with her father to Terry town in 1792, and died in May, 1844. Nathan and Aden Stevens came in 1806, and settled several miles up the creek. i Thomas Lewis founded and named the once noted place in the township, now a mere cluster of farm houses, called Merryall. He came from Connecticut where he was born April 11, 1745 ; on May 20. 1768^ he married Mary Turrell ; he served in the Continental army under Washington, and was in the battle of Ticonderbga, and in the army invading Canada. In May, 1787, he came to Wyalusing. In 1788 he moved up the creek four miles, purchased Warrum Kinsley's land and named the settlement " Merryall," where he died in Febru ary, 1810 ; he Avas the pioneer of the country up the creek. In the same boat that brought the Lewis family up the river, came Reuben, Amasa and Guy, sons of James Welles, and occupied the place held by their father previous to the Revolution. Maj. Reuben Welles removed to Susquehanna county; Amasa Avent to Pike township in 1817, where he died in 1836, aged seventy-one years. Guy Welles was born in Connecticut in 1766. and in 1790 mar ried Elizabeth Ross, daughter of Perrin Ross. Mr. Ross was killed at the battle of Wyoming. Guy Welles moved up Wyalusing creek where he died in 1828. He Avas elected justice of the peace for Brain trim and Wyalusing in 1800, and held the office twenty-five years. David Shoemaker and Thomas Wigton, brothers-in-law to Maj. Gaylord, were among the early settlers. It is said Wigton Avas here before the war ; he was a school teacher and one of the original pro prietors of Springfield township. It has been mentioned that Uriah Terrv taught the first school in 570 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the house of Maj. Gaylord in the winter of 1792-93. The next spring a log school-house was built near where the Presbyterian church stands, the first building of the kind in the township; it was burned, and another built of hewed logs; it stood in front of the cemetery. In that school the " master " was paid by the parents at the rate of a bushel of corn to a bushel of wheat per quarter. Benjamin Ackley, the first blacksmith, came in 1791 and built his log house where Elisha Lewis' house stands. His wife was Nancy Maxfield, to whom he was married in 1780 ; after her death he married Amy, daughter of Thomas LeAvis; he was commissioned a justice in 1813, when the county was formed; he died in Wyalusing in 1855. He had a large family of children, as did also his neighbors, four families : John Hollenback, Maj. Taylor, Mr. Buck and Mr. Ackley, all within a square mile, and, collectively, they had upward of sixty children. The Stalfords came in 1792, and in a few months this family and lineal descendants will have been one hundred years on the same farm, where now reside Mrs. Levi P. Stalford and daughter. Joseph Stal ford's Avife was Catharine Pawling, and to them Avere born three sons and one daughter. Of these, Benjamin Stafford, Avas the late Hon. Levi P. Stalford's father, and in the possession of the family are two-thirds of the original Stalford farm, the title of which came through the Indian, Job ChilloAvay. Joseph Stalford was a son of Samuel Stalford, of Tipperary, Ireland, where Joseph was born. He immigrated to this country when quite young, and in Philadelphia married Elizabeth Richardson ; then went to Montgomery county, and thence to Wyalusing. In 1795 Joseph Stalford had the highest val uation of any man in the township. Judge Levi P. Stalford, son of Benjamin and Urania (Turrell) Stalford, was born in Wyalusing April 11, 1811. Benjamin died in 1841. Levi P. Stalford \vas elected a justice in 1847, and associate judge of the county in 1863 ; in 1842 he married Mary Rebecca O'Callaghan, of NeAV York, born October 1 6. 1818, who, surviving her husband, with her daughter occupies the old family homestead. . Mrs. Hannah Loomis (widow of Lieut. James Wells) died at the Merryall settlement in 1795, and Avhile she lay a corpse the neighbors cleared off a place for the grave, and this was the first of the Merryall burying-ground. A bridge was built across Wyalusing creek at Camptown in 1799, but, before entirely completed, it was carried away by the flood of 1800. . In 1803 John Dalton murdered Amos Hurlbut on the low ground Where Hiram Stevens lived — the first capital offense in what is now Bradford county. He Avas tried at Wilkes-Barre and sentenced to the penitentiary for a term of eighteen years, but was pardoned out in 1808. Job Camp, who came in 1792, planted a crop of corn, and next year brought his family. The only way they could reach this place was to follow the one road from Connecticut to Pittson, and then push up the river. The cart and younger members of the family and small belong ings were placed on a keel boat, and two men hired to push it up the river ; to pay them took all of Mr. Camp's crop of corn. In order to get the oxen up the narrow path to Wyalusing they were unyoked and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 571 in single file driven along the narrow Indian trail — passing many dan gerous places on the tall cliffs. This terrible rugged path was the only highway to Wilkes-Barre, fifty miles away, and where the inhabitants must go for all necessary supplies, either over this path or by river. As stated, Samuel Gordon built his mill, near where is the LeAvis mill, in 1793. For this mill — the Connecticut Company having offered any one who would build the first mill a township of land — Mr. Gor don was given Walsingham township, but, this title having failed, the mill property was lost. Joseph C. Town, a carpenter, built a sawmill on the creek near Aaron Culver's, and soon after Grover's gristmill Avas put up. The people now began to feel they were having all the luxuries of life. In 1798 he added a gristmill, and for the first time this mill had a bolt, and people began to disdain the husks, and feed on poundcake. The freshet of 1800-1, however, swept this all away, and all the sections of country far around felt the aAvful calamity. What traveling was, originally, Avhen this country all lay in a state of nature, may be imagined to some extent when we describe the nature of the roads and highways in 1795, after the people had trav eled over them and fixed them as best they could. Duke Rochefou cauld, in May, 1795, passed up the river, and of this subject he wrote: " The road was bad, and we were several times obliged to travel in foot-paths which were hardly passable. We frequently met with quar ries of mill-stones, and with spots where a path only eighteen inches in breadth was cut through the rock, or where the road was supported by trunks of trees, narrowed by falls of earth, obstructed by fallen trees, and led along the ledge of a precipice. . At times the road is even and good, often recently cut through the Avood, or interrupted by new settlements (clearings), the fences of which occasion a circuit of nearly a furlong, at the end of which it is difficult to find the road again. We often passed over declivities, rendered more dangerous by the ground being strewed with loose stones or fragments of rocks. Fortunately, it so happened that we never got more than a few rods out of our road, but we Avere obliged to inquire of every one we met to avoid more considerable detention." At this time there were scattered along the river from Browntown to Fairbanks probably forty-five or fifty families — and up Wyalusing creek — each a distance of about six miles. To these were that year assessed about eight thousand acres of land, one-fifth of which it is estimated was even rudely cultivated. Forests of great trees and dense undergrowth, for which there was no market for timber, con fronted on every hand the pioneer, as he stood, ax in hand, in the great valley, now the happy homes of its teeming population. Round log floorless huts, with one little room, regardless of numbers, sex or pre vious conditions were the sum total of the architecture of the primitive land. The fat soil of the valley sent forth its strong and tangled veg etable life, as though to defy man's strongest hands and stoutest hearts. After twenty-five years of sore struggles, stricken despair and bloody deaths, the men in the serried ranks of war, the poor women and children in the dead of winter, flying across rivers, hills, mountains, 572 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. through a trackless wilderness, starving, dying, bivouacing the dreary days and weeks beneath the cold stars, where babes were prematurely born, and where the little weak wails were hushed in death often, and their little cold bodies carried in the mother's arms for many days to reach a place of even safe sepulture, are but glints of the awful experi ences that encompassed these people. When Rochefoucauld traveled through the county, he mentions Wyalusing and Asylum as the only settlements from Wilkes-Barre to Tioga Point (Athens). The list of taxables in 1795 was as foiloAvs; Benjamin Ackley, Sherman Buck, Gideon Baldwin, Daniel Brown, Humphrey Brown, Richard Baldwin, Stephen Beckwith, Benjamin Crawford, Dr. Jabez Chamberlain, Job Camp, William Dalton, Samuel Gordon, James Gordon, Justus Gaylord, Jr., James Hines, Mathias Hollenback (lived at Wilkes-Barre), Isaac Hancock, Nathan Kinsley, Warrum Kinsley, David Lake, Robert Lattimore, Thomas Lewis, Thomas Oviatt, John Ogden, Philip Place, Reuben Place, Zachariah Price, Israel Shear, John Shoemaker, David Shoemaker, Thomas Smiley, Joseph Stalford, John Taylor, Joseph C. Town, Amasa Welles, Guy Welles, Reuben Welles, Nathan Winton and Miner York. This assessment covered the whole of the original township. The total was nineteen horses, eighty six horned cattle and seven slaves ; real estate and personal property valued at $10,291. In 1797 John Hollenback established a shad fishery at Wyalusing, the first in this section of the country. . This brings us to the time in the history of the valley when Col. John Franklin's scheme to estab lish a new State, carved out of this portion of Pennsylvania, collapsed, and the clouds lowered darkly over the Connecticut settlers; immigra tion from that region, where practically nearly all immigrants formerly came from, ceased nearly entirely and the gloomy years set in that are fully described in a previous chapter, entitled " Seventeen Townships." Fairbanks Settlement. — In 1798 Humphrey Brown surveyed atoAvn plat of two or three acres and christened it " Fairbanks." The storv of the settlement is something as follows: Benjamin Crawford was the first settler in that vicinity, in 1789, and built near where is the railroad cut. In 1793 he moved to the Jabez Chamberlain farm, where he built a cabin, and the next spring, while chopping, a tree fell on him and broke his leg. Mr. Crawford died here iii June, 1804, and was buried at TerrytoAvn, across the river. The next farm above Crawford's was that of Nathan Winton, Avho sold to Hum phrey Brown. The particular place where " Fairbanks " was located is described as " lying between Justus Gaylord and Benjamin Craw ford." The original town consisted of a small log hut. Settled just above this place Avere the children of Gaylord and their families — Mrs. Wigton, Mrs. Shoemaker, Timothy and Chauncey Gaylord. These all sold their claims to Charles Homet, and most of them left the county. Gilbert, Daniel and Hezekiah Merritt, brothers, and relatives by mar riage of the Strunks and Biles families, came about 1825. Simeon Marsh made the first improvement on Vaughan hill, at the Indian spring, at the head of the run which empties at the railroad tank, near HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 573 Fitzgerald's. He sold his improvement to Stephen Charlott, who in 1815 exchanged property with Elias Vaughan and went to Rummer field. In 1801 John Hollenback came to Wyalusing and opened his store — the marvel of the time, as he brought 2,400 pounds of goods from Philadelphia in wagons to Middletown, and then on boats and pushed up the river. He had been engaged for his uncle, Mathias Hollenback, in trade along the river since 1796. In 1801 Wyalusing held its first " Fourth of July " celebration. The inspiration thereto chiefly Avas because it was the year of Jeffer son's first inauguration as president — the first Republican-Democrat elected. John Hollenback presided at the meeting, and Jonas Ingham delivered a spirited address, devoted mostly to the " Disputed Land Titles," in which he ably defended the Connecticut claimants. Uriah Terry prepared and read an ode on the death of Washington. . In 1821 John Hollenback built his gristmill at the mouth of the creek. Charles F. Welles was one of the prominent men of Wyalusing at the time of the organization of Bradford county. He was a son of the noted George Welles, of Athens. Charles F. was a native of Glastonbury, Conn., born November 5, 1789; he married Ellen J., daughter of Judge John HollenbacR, and came to Wyalusing in 1822, where he died September 23, 1866. He Avas a man of the highest character — the first prothonotary of Bradford county, a man of Avide and varied knowledge — a scholar and poet. A man of liberal enter prise, he was of incomparable value to the young county. His infiu ence, on the completion of the canal, secured the building of the canal basin at Wyalusing, on which he put up his large warehouse and coal bins, and thus contributed so much to the trade and prosperity of the place. His splendid old family residence stands as a landmark, occu pied by his son. Widow C. F. Welles diedin 1876, at an advanced age. Jonathan Stevens came to Wyalusing in 1S05, and soon opened a small store and tavern near Avhere is the Welles residence. The Stevens family were English, and were driven from England for taking part in the revolution that resulted in taking off the head of Charles I. Asa Stevens Avas father of Jonathan ; he was a native of Connecticut, and among the first immigrants to the Wyoming country; he was a lieutenant, and Avas killed in the Wyoming battle. Jonathan was his second son, born at Canterbury in July, 1764 ; he was sixteen when he enlisted in the Revolutionary army ; he married Eleanor Adams, of Brooklyn, in October, 1785; he was a tailor, and came to this vicinity in 1795, and in 1805 to Wyalusing, where he remained until 1S12, and then to Standing Stone, where he died in June, 1850. He was one of the first justices, appointed in 1800 ; in 1811 he was elected to the State Legislature ; in 1818 he AATas appointed associate countv judge, and was in oflice until 1840, Avhen it Avas changed by the new consti tution ; was many years a deputy and county surveyor, and surveyed every foot of ground for many miles around Wyalusing. This brings us to the period that marks the first great change in this part of Bradford county — the canal era, which commenced to excite public attention as early as 1826. The second wave of coming immi- 574 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. grant9 marked this as an era. The two-horse coach and its daily trips from Wilkes-Barre to Athens or Waverly had grown to be a great institution. One of the last to drive on the daily route from Towanda to Waverly Avas Jim Smith, a resident of Wyalusing, who was born near old Browntown. He once drove from Browntown to ToAvanda, but moved up as the canal was built and drove the last through trip, and mournfully witnessed his favorite yield to the proud ship of the raging canal. The strong men along the line were alert to induce the building of locks, basins and towns adapted to their individual benefit as well as the public's. It was individual influence, no doubt, that fixed upon what is now the borough of Wyalusing — that was the knell to old BroAvntown and Fairbanks. Before the canal was com pleted it was understood that here was to be an important point, and the village was platted and lots Avere purchased, and the founding of a town was soon well under way. Camptown is the next town to Wyalusing borough of importance in the township. It is a cluster of houses and, as a business center for the surrounding country, has gathered quite a number of people, and remains an important point. They have a postoffice ; two general stores ; a furniture factory that does an important trade, started about 1840; a creamery that was started in 1889 ; one harness shop, and two blacksmith shops. C. H. Amsbry, some years ago, operated a woolen mill near Camptown. It was originally built by John Hollenback, and in its prosperous days was one of the most important industries in the county. In 1840 John Ingham built here a spoke factory, and this and the sawmill, planing-mill and Avoolen-mill were all operated to their full capacity, getting their driving power from the Wyalusing creek, that here affords splendid Avater privileges. The gristmill at this place is an excellent one, and is provided with the modern roller process. It is now operated by J. E. Adams & Son. Hornet's Ferry. — A postoffice and general store is the sum total of the " make-up " of this place. Churches. — The early doings of the church people of Wyalusing is given in the first part of this chapter. There are now in the borough three churches. The Second Presbyterian Church (Rev. David Craft's church) at this time is without a pastor, Mr. Craft having accepted a call in an adjoining county. This Society was organized in 1854, and was the Second because the old church at Merryall Avas the First. Rev. John White Avas the stated supply until 1857. The building was erected in 1855. Rev. Thomas S. Dewing succeeded White, and remained until 1861, Avhen Rev. David Craft came and remained until May, 1891. The latter became the regular pastor in 1866. The first church building at Merryall was put up in 1828 by con tractor Justus Lewis; it was not completed and dedicated until 1831, and Rev. Simon R. Jones became stated preacher ; it was this year that the congregation at a full meeting resolved to leave the Congre gational service to again become Presbyterians. Thus, after a lapse of nearly twenty-five years, Presbyterianism Avas again established in this valley. In 1836 these earnest Christians Avere torn and troubled over the slavery question. There never had been many slaves or slave. HISTORY OP BRADFORD COUNTY. OVO owners in this county, and yet thus early do Ave see that the question of abolishing slavery was greatly disturbing the good people of Wyalu sing. The preacher, Rev. George Printz. deprecated the discussion of the subject in the church. The congregation was rent into furious factions ; obstreperous members were arraigned and tried, and the furies were loosened, and finally the anti-slavery portion of the congregation secured letters of dismission in 1S42, for the purpose of forming a new Presbyterian Church. Their whereas boldly said : " We believe that truth is in order to godliness, and the Scriptures say 'first pure and then peaceable? " In 1S44 a parsonage was built at Merryall. This improvement was made under the ministration of Rev. S. F. Colt, who served the church with marked success about ten years. When he took charge the con gregation was scattered over a wide range of country, and ne adopted the idea of placing a new organization in each locality where there were living a number of members, and thus making it more convenient for alL The result of his labors in this direction resulted in laying the foundations of the churches at Herrick, Stevensville, Rush, and Wyalusing (2d). The Old-School Baptist Church on Vaughan hill, was once a flour ishing institution — never very numerous, but the members, far and near braved all wind and weather, and their "meetings." whether many or few Avere present, were real religious and social events. It was organized in the early " forties." and among aprimitive and pioneer people gave that fullest measure of consolation. Of late years it has been somewhat neglected. The Methodist Episcopal Church at Camptown, and the church at Wyalusing are served by Rev. J. B. Davis, of Camptown. They have a flourishing Baptist Church at Camptown, presided over by Rev. Franklin Pearce. Industries. — Geo. H. Welles' gristmill was built in 1S20, and an addition added in 1869. The mill has the new roller process, and has a capacity of fifty barrels a day. It is furnished with water-power from Wyalusing creek. . L C. Fuller's steam planing mill, put up in IS 70. manufactures all sorts of building material. Wvalusing has two general stores, one drug store, one clothing store, one furniture store, two grocery stores, one bakery, one hard ware store, two meat markets, one jeweler, two hotels, three black smiths, two wagon shops, one gristmill. WYAIXSING BOROUGH. Wyalusing had long been the most important village between Tioga Point and Wilkes-Barre, and had, for some years, contained the requisite population for organization as a borough. The leading people, however, were conservative, and it was not until 1SS7 that they consented to clothe the place with the dignity and authority of incorporation. A special election on the subject was called in February, 18S7, and March 16. following, in accordance with the unanimous voice of the people. Wyalusing borough was duly incorpo rated and officers elected as follows : Burgess. David K. Brown ; 576 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. council, J. V. Taylor, II. J. Hallock, E. B. Stone (each for three years), H. J. Lloyd (two years), and I. M. Brown and I. C. Fuller (one year). E. W. Fee was the clerk. These served out their terms; those for the one-year term were re-elected ; for the two years, Lloyd Avas re-elected, and II. T.Smith succeeded Stone; for three years, Taylor was re-elected, and J. G. Keeler succeeded Hallock. Dr. V. Homet was the second burgess, and R. R. Garey the third. The old warehouse, that was once the point of so much stir and business in the canal days, stands yet as a landmark, near which are the outlines of the basin. Welles' mill was built Avhere it noAv stands, in 1869. The first old mill was built in 1820 — a frame with four run of stones, and in the course of time it was replaced and moved to Avhere it now stands. It is a merchant mill, supplied with water- power from Wyalusing creek, and has a capacity of fifty barrels per day. H. L. Case opened to the public his creamery in April, 1888. It has a capacity of 1,000 pounds of butter per day, and opens a fine market for the farmers for a circuit of six miles in every direction. It has just added the Ely valve system, one of the important recent improvements introduced into the county. In the borough are two general stores, one fancy goods, one furniture, one clothing, one drug, two groceries, one bakery, one hardware, two meat markets, one jewelry, two millinery, two hotels, one steam-planing mill (built in 1870 by I. C. Fuller), three blacksmiths, two Avagon-makers, two physicians. Population of the borough, 420. There is an elegant high school building. CHAPTER LIX. WYSOX TOWNSHIP. ROSWELL FRANKLIN settled on the Wysox flats in 1785, it is supposed. His brother Jehiel came with him, and the last-named settled on what is noAv the Robert Laning farm. He sold to Solomon Franklin, who sold to Job Irish. Jesse Allen, an old Revolutionary soldier, was here in 1787, and cleared the old York farm, which he sold to Theophilus Myer. Ralph Martin came in 1789, and settled on the Conklin farm near Myersburg. Maj. Coolbaugh came about 1790, and purchased the improvement of Asahel Roberts, afterward the Darius Williams farm. Mr. Coolbaugh was the first justice of the peace, and was elected to the Legislature, and William Myer succeeded him as justice. John Hinman came in 1791. He put up a mill and sold afterward to Judge Harry Morgan. A deed to John Hinman for one-half of Nelson's possessions is dated May 1, 1791. . Nancy Man, a spinster, in HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 577 1799 lived where now resides Joseph Piollet. . Wilbur and Robert Bennett came to Wysox in 1800, and purchased land of Samuel Bow man. . Joshua Shores came in 1795, and in a short time made his improvement on Shore's hill. He died on the hill in about 1825. The earliest permanent settlers in Wysox came about 1790, and of these Avere : Stephen Strickland's father and his young family, the grandfather of Morgan and Stephen Strickland, Jr. The Strickland farm numbered several hundred acres in the " plains," on the west side of the river. The original tract was divided among the Strickland heirs. The next farm east Avas the Mathias H. Laning place ; was settled originally by Job Irish — father of Col. Jud Irish. A few years later John Hinman settled a little nortlnvest of the Laning farm on the road leading to Shore's Hill ; 'he built the first gristmill in the township, on Laning creek. This Avas great joy to the settlers, as before they had to go ninety miles to Wilkes-Barre to mill. Hinman's sons were John and. Abner C. Hinman, the latter of Avhom resides on the old homestead. Moses Coolbaugh, father of Daniel, Cornelius and Samuel Coolbaugh, was with the first settler and located on the Rev. Darius Williams' place. He was the grandfather of Edwin B., Eustace and Morris I. Coolbaugh. John Strope was the first settler (1800), on the Harry Morgan farm. The first blacksmith, Henry Tuttle (1800), built adjoining Strope on the south, put up his shop, and followed his trade many years ; his son John inherited and lived on the homestead. John Elliott came about 1804, and was the first settler on what is now the splendid Piollet lands, near the river ; his sons Thomas and Deacon James Elliott, and Joseph and Samuel Elliott, lived in ToAvanda and at Rome. Sebastian Strope settled in 1804 on the Magill farm, near the mouth of Wysox creek, and his land extended north toward Myersburg ; his son, Harry Strope, lived in Towanda. About the same time Ralph Martin made his improve ment on the Joseph Conklin farm. William Coolbaugh, already men tioned, Avas the first settler in Myersburg, about 1806. Jacob Myer came and built a gristmill, then soon after a sawmill, and from him the place received its name ; his sons Avere William, Alvin, Jacob and Isaac Myer; His grandson was Hon. E. Reed Myer, who eventually occupied the old homestead. But the pre-historic character of Wysox was a very dirty and buggy hermit known as "Fencelor." Traditions say he was an old resident in his hole or cave when the first foxes and wolves arrived, and the first superstitious Indians both worshiped and feared him — possibly because he was so much dirtier than they dared to be. His " hole " was about a mile north of Myersburg, owned afterward by Dr. Seth T. Barstow, and finally by Col. Robert Spalding. The place of the "Hermit of Weasauking," as the name went into fiction, Avas called by Dr. Barstow " Fencelor Castle." There are descend ants of people who, it is said, actually saw the "'Hermit" and talked Avith him. The old fellow was found dead in his residence about 1808 or 1810. The first settler in the Pond hill neighborhood was one Grover, Avho came about 1806 and built near that beautiful lake that gives the name 578 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. to " Pond hill," a deep, placid body of water on the hill that has so long mystified every beholder on the question as to whence it gets its supply. It is on a high elevation about a mile north of Myersburg. In later years property known as the "Allen property" Avas purohased by Miner York, father of Amos York, and the Narrows eventually took the name of "York Narrows." The first settler on the Owens farm, west of and adjoining the Piollet land, was a man named Price, who located in 1805 ; he built the first distillery in the township, Avhich Avas eventually removed to Myersburg. Burr Ridgeway came in 1803. . Naphtali Woodburn came to Wysox in 1805, and settled on the creek above BarstoAv's, in an old house that had been built for a Baptist meeting house. He brought a small stock of goods and soon after built a sawmill . . Elisha Trace}' lived on the creek near Peter Johnson's, and near him was Dr. Gillette. . Elisha Whitney came in 1816. . [For an account of the coming of the Piollets to Wysox see biographical sketches on another page.] Dr. Seth D. Barstow was one of the first physicians in Wysox, in 1810; his residence Avas called "Fencelor Castle"; he married Clarissa Woodruff. Dr. Warner came to Wysox when a young man, and he died there in 1845, aged seventy years. . Shepard Pierce came in 1810, married a Coolbaugh, and bought the John Shepard farm. The first school-house Avas built near Alonzo Bishop's. . John Hinman built a grist and s.iav mill on the Little Wysox, in the rear of the Laning farm — the first in the toAvnship. The Myers' mill Avas built in 1802 or 1803. The Woodburns later had a sawmill on the Wysox. Wysox, a station on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, situated in almost the center of the beautiful broad Wysox valley, is a place of consider able importance, and has long been noted for its wealth and public- spirit. [It has two stores, a large hotel, and a creamery built in 1891 . . Myersburg^is two miles north of Wysox. PART II. Biographical Sketches, BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. WALLACE D. ABBOTT, farmer, of Pike township, P. O. LeRaysville, was born here March 16, 1854, and is a son of Elisha C. and Alvira (Good el!) Abbott, natives of Pennsylvania arid of New England descent. In their family there were two children : Wallace D.,~and Minnie C, Avho married Milton Brink, a farmer of Pike town ship. John and Prudence (Ford) Abbott, grandparents of subject, came to Pike township as early as 1810, and located on a farm. Wallace D. Abbott spent his boyhood on his father's farm, and completed his education in the district school. He began life for himself at the age of twenty-one, a farmer, which occupation he has followed except from 1886 to 1891, when he was engaged with Johnson & Son in the furniture business in LeRaysville. Mr. Abbott was married April 12, 1879, to Miss Celia L., daughter of Zenas and Elizabeth (Sherwood) Cooley, natives of Pennsylvania, and of New England origin ; they have had three children, none of whom are now living. Mr. Abbott has held all the offices in the I. O. 0. F., and belongs noAv at Athens ; is a member of the Farmers' Alliance, and is a Republican. AMAZIAH A. ABELL, funeral director, Warren Centre, is a native of Warren township, this county, and one of the noted Abell family, who are related to the great Baltimore publisher Arunah S. Abell. Our subject was born February 19, 1835, near where he now resides, and is a son of Daniel and Mary (Allyn) Abell, of Rhode Island and of English descent. The father, a farmer by occupation, came to Bradford county in 1828, and settled on the farm Amaziah now owns, at Avhich time it was Avild and drear and desolate, and Capt. Abell valiantly went to work to clear up his farm and make a home in the wilderness. He was for many years a captain in the militia ; was a man of public spirit, much respected by all who knew him, for many years held public offices, and died in 1877, ripe in years and wisdom; his widow died in 1882. They had four children: Catherine (Mrs. Dr. D. S. Pratt), of Towanda ; Freelove E. (Mrs. John B. Russell) who removed to Wisconsin, where she died February 4, 1878; Amaziah A., the subject of this sketch, and Dr. Daniel T., of Missouri. Amaziah A. Abell was reared in his native place, attended the neighboring schools and then became a student at the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, ToAvanda, where he completed his education and engaged in farming. He inherited the old homestead, and now has one hundred and tAvelve acres of land, but resides in the village of Warren Centre, in his elegant new residence. He Avas married in Nichols, N. Y., in 1867, to Helen Ball, only child of E. B. arid Almira 582 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Ball, natives of New York and Pennsylvania, respectively. To this marriage have been born two children : Guy Walter and Charlie Leonard. Mrs. Abell is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Abell is a Freemason, and in politics is a Republican. PRESERVED THOMPSON ABELL, retired farmer, Warren Centre, is a native of Bristol county, Mass., born December 13, 1811, a son of Caleb and Elona (Shepherdson) Abell, of Massachusetts, and of English stock. The family were farmers from remote times, and the father was a leading man of his day, having held the position of town clerk for over forty years, together with various other local offices; he came to Bradford county about 1840, only on a visit, how ever, and died in his native place in 1842; his Avidow died in 1847; they had ten children, viz : Lois (Mrs. Ezra French), of Providence; Daniel H., a farmer of this county ; Mary (Mrs. Samuel Wheaton), of ^this county ; Nancy (Mrs. Benajah Allyn), of Warren township ; Caleb ; Robert; Pawtucket; Arunah S., a printer and publisher, of Baltimore, who Hied a millionaire, his thirty-two nephews receiving at his death $10,000 ; Sarah, who died in 1830, aged twenty-two ; and Preserved Thompson, the subject of this sketch, the only surA'iA'or of the family, who was reared in Massachusetts and engaged in farming. He came to Bradford county in 1&67, and located in Warren township ; Avas married in his old Massachusetts home, in 1838, to Sarah Ann Daggett, daughter of Simeon and Barbara (Brown) Daggett, natives of Seekonk, Mass., born of English stock, and of this marriage there were ten children, eight of whom grew to manhood and womanhood, and four are now living, as follows: Lois A.; Helen A. (Mrs. George Leasure), who has six children ; Eugene, a merchant of Binghamton, and Etta M., also of Binghamton. Mr. Abell has long been a leading farmer of the county, noted for his industry and integrity. He is a Democrat, and was toAvn clerk eight years at his old home in Seekonk, Mass., and the number of terms the father and son held the office added together shows an unbroken record of half a century. The venerable gentle man is with his family, where love and respect are the beautiful order of their daily lives, his daughter Lois A. soothing with tenderest love that father's eA'ening of life that croAvns the gray hairs with a sacred halo — making age lovely and youth noble. DAVID ABRAMS, farmer, P. O. Wilmot, was born in Wilmot township, this county, May 11, 1837, and is a son of David and Sarah (Morris) Abrams, natiA'es of Wales. The father settled in Wilmot in 1837, being among the pioneers of the place. The subject of this sketch began life for himself at the age of twenty, lumbering and stock dealing ; purchased his present home of two hundred acres in 1868, which is a fertile tract of land in an excellent state of cultiva tion. On September 5, 1864, he enlisted at Scranton, Pa., in Companv E, Two Hundred and Third Regiment, P. V. I., and was in the follow ing engagements : Siege of Richmond, Deep Bottom, Petersburg, Chapin's Farm, capture of Fort Fisher, where he received three gun shot wounds, the most serious of which was on the head, and he Avas then taken to Fortress Monroe Hospital, where he remained until his regiment was mustered out at the close of the war. After that he HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 583 returned to Wilmot and was married August 17, 1866, to Emma, daughter of Daniel and Rhoda (Potter) Omsbury, of Wilmot. They have four children, viz : Stephen, born July "3, 1869 ; Morris, born July 19, 1875 ; Weston, born February 2, 1878, and Arthur, born March 14, 1880. Mr. Abrams is a member of the G. A. R., at Dushore; is a Republican and has been assessor of Wilmot two terms, and county auditor one term. DEMMON ACKLEY, farmer, P. O. Spring Hill, was born on the old Ackley homestead in Tuscarora, April 26, 1822, and is a son of Harry anil Abigail (Bennett) Ackley, the former of Avhom was born on the old homestead' in Wyalusing toAvnship, April 5, 1795, and died January 11, 1864; he was a son of Benjamin Ackley, who was born in Connecticut, the grandfather of subject. Benjamin Ackley Avas twice married, first to Emeline Gordon, of Standing" Stone, and afterward- to Amy LeAvis. By the first marriage he had the following chjMreir: Lloyd, Harry, Niram, Olive (married to Harris Scofield), Mary^-Ann (married to Aholiab Taylor) and Hannah (married to John Black); by his second marriage Benjamin Ackley had the fallowing : Sally (deceased), Cordelia (married to Moses Tyler, andjnow resides in Sus quehanna county), Caroline (married to Mr, Alphbnzo Lloyd, resides in Wyalusing), Sterling (also resides in Wyalusing), Justice (deceased) and Benjamin (residing in Wyalusing). The grandfather was a black smith, and many years carried on a shop at Merryall; he began farming and pursued that occupation until his death. The father of subject was married when nineteen years of age, and had the following children : Angeliue, married Milton Lewis, and died February 21, 1890, aged seventy-five years ; Ferris, died September 26, 1888 ; Alfred, died December 26, 1884, aged sixty-four ; Lucretia, married John Lum, died April 2, 1888, aged sixty-four; Ferris, died Sept. 26, 1889, aged seven ty-three ; Nancy, married Washington Taylor, noAv residing in Keokuk, Iowa; Demmon ; Lorenzo, now a resident of Buffalo, N. Y.; H. S., residing in Binghamton ; Helen, married to Stephen Bowen, and resid ing in Mitchell, Dak.; Sophia, married to Stuart Biswork, residing in Marshal, Iowa; (Henry died February 2, 1883, aged forty -seven). The father, Harry Ackley, who was a farmer, after his marriage removed to Spring Hill, which was then a wilderness, and began to clear up the land; at the time of his death he owned over fiA'e hundred acres of and, land had prepared at least two hundred and fifty acres for cultiva tion and improved the land by building good farm buildings, fences, etc. Our subject Avas born and reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. He worked with his father and brothers on the old homestead until after his marriage Avith Abigail B. Lacey, September 13, 1848 ; then removed to his present farm, in Tuscarora township, Avhere he has since resided; his wife, who was a daughter of Daniel P. Lacey, of Wyoming county, died June 1, 1888. He owns eighty acres of fine farm land which he has well improved ; keeps a large dairy and also owns real estate in Binghamton and Lester Shire, N. Y. To Mr. and Mrs. Ackley were born four children, viz : G. S., born November 25, 1850, married to Helen Brook, is general superintendent for the Lester Boot <$c Sfyoe Qo., and resides, at Binghamton ¦ Effie L,j married 584 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. P. H. Edinger, a farmer of Tuscarora township ; Callie A., married Charles G. Brown, a merchant, farmer amd lumber dealer, of Skinner's Eddy, Pa.; and Angie E., residing with and caring for the household of her father. Besides his occupation of farmer he has been an extensive dealer in stock and farm implements and machinerv ; he has always been largely dependent on his own resources, has been a successful man, and uoav ranks among the wealthy and influential farmers of the county ; he is a Republican in politics and has filled the various town ship offices ; is a director and adjuster of the Tuscarora Fire Insurance Company. Mr. Ackley has always been a man of push and enterprise, and is scrupulously honest, among his neighbors and friends none stand higher than he. J. B. ACKLEY, stone cutter and contractor, Athens, is a natiA'e of Macedonia, this county, and Avas born February 14, 1849, a son of John and Susan (Bennett) Ackley, natives of same place ; his grand parents Avere among the first settlers of Asylum toAvnship. His grand father, Benjamin Bennett, was a soldier in the War of 1812, andlived to the advanced age of one hundred and one years. John Ackley was a farmer, and died in Asylum township in 1868 in his seventy -seventh year ; his AvidoAV is now a resident of Athens. J. B. Ackley is the seventh of a family of eleven children, and when he started in life for himself he served an apprenticeship at the stone cutter's trade, at which he worked until 1866, when he went to boating on the canal. In 1868 he resumed work at his trade doing all kinds of cut stone work for buildings and street work. In December, 1862, he enlisted in the army, in Company C, Twenty-second New York Cavalry, participated in thirteen general engagements, and was Avounderi September 7, 1S64, in the third battle of Weldon Railroad (near the powder house); was mustered out in July, 1865. He was married May 30, 1868, in Litch field, to Miss Sarah E., daughter of Benjamin and Phoebe (Mills) Kershaw, the former a native of England, and the latter of Pennsyl vania. Mrs. Ackley was born March 4, 1849, in Litchfield toAvnship, and is the second born in a family of five children. Mr. and Mrs. Ackley are members of the Episcopal Church ; in politics Mr. Ackley is a Republican. HON. JOHN ALDEN, ancestor of most persons bearing the name of Alden in this country, was one of the Plymouth Pilgrims, and the last male survivor of those Avho came in the " May FloAver," anil signed the compact in her cabin in 1620. He Avas not of the Leyden Church, but as Bradford in his " History of Plymouth Plantation " informs us, was hired for a cooper at Southampton, Avhere the ship Aictualled, and being a hopeful young man, was much desired, but was left to his own liking to go or stay Avhen he came here, so stayed and married here. He was distinguished for practical wisdom, integrity and decision, and early acquired, and retained during his long life, a commanding influence over his associates. He Avas much employed in public business, was an assistant to the governor many years, and, in every position he occupied, fulfilled his duties promptly and to the satisfaction of his employers. So far as is known his ancestry in England has not been traced. He was born in 1599, and died at HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 585 Duxbury, September 12, 1687, in a good old age, an old man and full of years, and was gathered to his people, and his sons buried him. He married, in 1621, Priscilla, daughter of Mr. Molines or Mullens, who Avith his family came also in the " May Flower," and both died in the February succeeding their landing. Tradition represents Priscilla to have been very beautiful in her youth, and John also was a comely person, and considering his other accomplishments, it is not surprising that when he was sent by Capt. Standish, after the death of his wife, to solicit her hand in marriage, she preferred the messenger to the message: "But as he warmed and glowed, in his simple and eloquent language, Quite forgetful of self, and full of the praise of his rival, Archly the maiden smiled, and, with eyes overrunning with laughter, Said, in a tremulous voice, ' why don't you speak for yourself, John?' " Their residence, after a few years, was in Duxbury, on the north side of the village, on a farm which is still in possession of their de scendants of the seventh generation, having never been alienated. It was supposed, until recently, that John and Priscilla Alden had but eight children. Bradford, however, states in his history, that, at the time of his writing, they were both living and had eleven children : John (born about 1622), Joseph (born 1624), John, Elizabeth (born 1625), Jonathan, Sarah, Ruth, Mary, David and two whose names are unknown. Joseph Alden, Bridgewater, Mass., farmer, son of John (first), was born in 1624, died February 8, 1697, aged seventy-three; he was admitted freeman in 1659 ; had his father's proprietary share in Bridgewater, where he settled in that part of the town, now West Bridgewater; his will was dated December 14, 1696, and proved March 10, 1697, Avith his wife and son John as executors. He married Mary, daughter of Moses Simmons. To them were born the following children: Isaac, Joseph (born 1667), John, Elizabeth, Mary. John Alden, Bridgewater and Middleborough, Mass., farmer, was son of Joseph (second); had his father's homestead in West Bridge- water, which, upon June 20, 1700, he conveyed to Isaac Johnson, and removed to Middleborough, where he died September 29, 1730, aged fifty-six. He married Hannah, daughter of Capt. Ebenezer White, of Weymouth, who was born May 12, 1661, and died October 5, 1732. Their children were as follows: David, born May 18, 1702 ; Priscilla, born March 5J, 1704 ; Thankful, born May 3, 1706 ; Hannah, born March 24, 1708 ; Lydia, born December 18, 1710 ; Mary, born Novem ber 10, 1712; Abigal, born September 8, 1714; Joseph, born Septem ber 11, 1716 ; John, born October 8, 1718 ; Ebenezer, born October 8, 1720; Samuel, died in infancy; Nathan, born June 12, 1723, died young ; Noah, born May 31, 1725. Rev. Noah Alden, of Stafford, Conn., and Bellingham, Mass., the son of John Alden (third), was born May 30, 1725, and died at Belling ham, May 5, 1797, aged seventy-two. He was received into the Middleborough Congregational Church, March 7, 1742, dismissed to the Congregational Church in Stafford, Conn., in 1744, and continued a member there until 1753, when he changed his religious views, and became a Baptist minister, and was ordained at Stafford, Conn., June 5, 581! HISTORY OK I1UAHP0UI) COUNTY, 1755, and in Boiling-hum, November 12, 1766. lie was n membor of the convention for adopting tho constitution of Massachusetts, and was a pious and worthy man, and was one of four ministers who formed the Warren association in 1767. A further account of him may be found in tho annals of tho American pulpit, by Rev. Dr. Sprngue). lie married Mary Vaughn, by whom ho had tho following children: Joanna, Lucy, who married A. Marshall; Ruth, married to Benjamin Thayer; Elisha, Israel and Noah. Israel Alden, Tryingham, Mass., and Windsor, N. V., Ihe sou of Noah Alden, died n't Windsor, N. V., -Inly 20, 1817, aged seventy-one ; lie was u fanner and purchased land at Windsor, which is still in the possession of his descendants residing there, lie married Lucy Murk- nam and had children as follows: Israel, Noah (born March 0,1 76S, in Harrington, Mass.), Timothy, Lucy, Zilpnh, Samuel, Abner (Windsor, N. V.), Elisha, Benjamin (W'indsor! N. '\ .), Thankful, Moses (Windsor, N. V.), David (Windsor, N, V.)niul Ruth, Timothy Alden, Tryingham, Mass., and Monroe, Bradford county, Pa., the son of Israel Alden, was born February 22, 1770, and died September 20, 1859. He was one of the pioneer settlers of this coun try, having located in Bradford county in December, IS00, as he hud visited the country the year before, and being' satislied with the prospects, decided to make it his home, lie purchased eight hundred acres of land under fhe Connecticut title, paying tho money for it ; he built u log house a few rods from the stone house now standing on tho place whicli he settled ; the stone house was built by him in 1S27, and is but u short distance from flic present- fown of Monroeton. Many were tho adventures related by him and his son, S. W, Alden, of early pioneer life. A high sense of humor prevails in all the accounts of IniirbroiulLh escapes, lights with wild beasts and all the dangers inci dent to such n life. " lie is described as a man six feet two inches in height, well-proportioned, commanding and of a noble bearing; ho was firm, benevolent and possessed of good judgment, and though not given to frivolous things ho was fond of humor. Korsome time he wii.scn.pl.aiii of militia and, hence, was generally addressed as Captain;" was one of the lirst and most liberal supporters of the Baptist Church of Mon roe, and remained a consistent and faithful member until the time of his death. The following appeared in the ISnulfonl llvporli-r October 13,1859: "Capt. Alden was one of the pioneer settlers of northern Penn sylvania, emigrating from Massachusetts and lixing his home in these sylvan wilds in December of tho year 1H00. His ax mil, the road for the teams as he approached the place which lie selected for a home; he grappled manfully with the inconveniences of frontier life, and wild beast of fhe mountain and forest alike stood out of his way, and the earth and his mechanical genius Avere compelled to yield him a, sup port. Ho has livod until all the original surroundings have changed while he gazed upon thorn; the village, the church, the railroad and all the accompaniments of thrift now occupy the cities upon which he gazed in their original atLire. The rod man has gone to his imaginary hunting ground, tlie sturdy pioneer has fallen a, marlyr l,o his privi'i- IIIHTOItY 01' MIIADKOHI) COUNTY. 587 tions and hardships, niid two generations have passed away from this western home, leaving a patriarch to tell us of events that wore well- nigh a century agone, and thus fo stand as a connecting link, associ ating us with men and events of <|iiite another oru of time. Tho aged oak has linnlly fallen and the connecting link is broken and forever gone, bowed with age ami with looks whitened by the frosts of many winters. The sluggish stream is stayed, and the woury wheels of lile have ceased lo move. Panoplied by a life of rioh experience and fed by fruitful thought, and meditation, and nerved for the event by long and careful observation, he wrapped around him the mantle of his Christian faith and sat down fo await the day of his appointed time as quietly as the infant reposing in the arms of maternal affection; he was gone on that long journey. Verily, as the waters fail from the soa and the Hood driefh up, so man lieth down and raiseth not till the heavens be no more." Before Timothy Alden removed to Monroe he married Lois, daugh ter of Shellleld Wilcox, one of the early pioneers in Albany. They had nine children: Adouijah, born about 1791, married to Vesta, a daughter of Rev. M. M. York, of Wysox, and after a few years went to Illinois; their children were Adaline, born February 25, 1816; Adrian Minor, born April 5, IHI9; Timothy Wells, lorn March 13, 1821 ; Elizabeth, born September 29, 1822, died April 20, 1839; Mahala, born August 30, IS21, died May 22, 1839; Charles Edward, born July 23, 1826; Cora Caroline, born Juno 13, 1S28; Poreival York, born .July 22, IH30, died Mny 17, 1839; Sylvester Jerome, born May 28, *1 832 ; twins, son and daughter, born September 23, 1834, diod'in infancy; Marinda Aiioa, born May 12, 1S3II. Adonijah Aldon died August" 6, IH39, and his wife May 17, 1839. Their descendants now reside in parts of Illinois and Iowa, Infant born, April 19, .1792, died in infancy. Hophrouia, born May It, 1793, married Jared Woodruff, a pioneer in this oountry, and remained here until her death, April 8, 1876. I'hilinda, born February 10, 1795, married Warner Ladd, of Albany, in 1818, and lived there until her husband's death, when she removed to Monroe and died; she is buried at Albany. Louisa, born January 5, 1797, married Benjamin Coolbaugh, of Monroe, and died in Monroe township, July 16, 1840. Timothy Walls, born Juno 9, 1800, died in' infancy. Pariueha, born December 18, 1801, married Jacob Arnout, and, al'torward, Charles Homet; died Junel, IK70, in Monroeton. Sylvester Williams and Sevellon Wells (twins) born March 19, 1810. Sylvester Williams, married Francis Wilcox at Middletown, Bradford Co., l'a., September 25, 1833, and removed to Menekaunee, Marinette Co., Wis., in the full of 1855, and died at Croon Bay, Brown Co., Wis., July 13, 1881. Francis Alden, wife of Sylvester Williams Aldon, was born July 31, 1815, at Middletown, Bradford Co., Pu„ and died at Monroe, Bradford Co., Pa., August 29, 1847. Sylvester married, for his second wife, Harriot Bishop, who survives him. Do Alanson Tav lor Aldon, son of Sylvester Williams and Frances Alden, was born 588 HISTORY OV BRADFORD COUNTY. January 28, 1837, at Monroe, Bradford Co., Pa., removed to Marinette, Wis., in the fall of 1856 ; enlisted in Company H, Twenty-first Regi ment Wisconsin Volunteers, August 15, 1862, and was discharged May, 1864, on account of disease contracted in the service, which resulted in his death, June 30, 1864, at Fort Howard, Brown Co., Wis. He Avas never married. Charles Judson Alden another son of Sylvester and Frances Alden, was born July 5, 1844, at Monroe, Bradford Co., Pa., remoA'ed to Menekaunee, Marinette Co., Wis., in September, 1859. He also enlisted in Company H, Twenty-first Regiment Wisconsin Volunteers, August 15, 1862, and was discharged from service June 30, 1865, at the close of the war. He married Antoinette Davidson, September 10, 1872, at New Lisbon, Wis. She was born April 9, 1856, at Menomonee Falls, Waukesha Co., Wis. They have had five children, and now reside at La Crosse, Wis. Sevellon Wells, twin of Sylvester Williams, less than a generation ago, was one of the well-known men of Bradford county. On Novem ber 16, 1831, he married Mathena, daughter of Dr. Benoni Mandeville, Avho^ still resides Avith her son in Monroeton. When a young man, Sevellen entered the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and became one of the most widely known preachers on the circuit, and at one time was presiding elder: was a man of more than ordinary ability, a great reader, and had a most retentive memory. He was a frequent contributor to both the local and foreign press ; his communi: cations were full of interest, and Avere a valuable contribution to our local history, for they supplied many forgotten facts and incidents of the early times in this section. Pie was, without doubt, better informed about matters pertaining to the early history of this part of the county than any man living. In the field of local research he was an industrious gleaner, and it is due to his exertions that much in early history has been preserved. Until the last his faith and doctrines where the same as when in the active ministry. In the heat of the war he endured some persecu tion because of his political opinions, but he always felt and remained loyal to the Methodist Episcopal Church, even to the day of his death. While attending to the duties and studies of pastoral work, he gained a good acquaintance with Greek and Latin; education was with him a necessary, not an ornamental, accomplishment ; his power to acquire an.education was great, and his mental retention was scarcely ever at fault when in the prime of life. He preached about twenty-five years, and was never on a charge without more or less prosperity and con version under his ministry ; fourteen churches were dedicated durino- the time of his pastorate. His demise occurred March 22, 1883. The children of Sevellon Wells and Mathena Alden were Angeline, born September 20, 1832, at Monroe; DeWitt Clinton, born June 10, 1834, at Monroe; Philo Elzer, born August 27, 1845, at Tyrone, N. Y. Angeline Alden, died May 5, 1842, at Southport N. Y., aged nine years. DeWitt Clinton Alden was of a roving disposition, and, during his rather brief lifetime, visited many parts of the world; he was a soldier during the Civil War, and took part in the engagements at Ft. Donelson. Pittsburg Landing, Corinth, Yazoo Pass, Arkansas Post, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 589 Port Gibson, Jackson, Champion Hill, Black River Bridge, Vicksburg and Nashville. For a time ne was a staff officer, Fourth Division, Seventeenth Army Corps, Army of the Cumberland. He married Frances H. Bartlett, at New Orleans, January 20, 1866, and they had two children, both of Avhom died while young. DeWitt C. died at NeAV Orleans, October 30, 1867. He was at the time disbursing officer of the Freedman's Bureau at that place ; his wife married again, and resides in California. Philo is a well-knoAvn citizen of Monroeton, and a civil and mining engineer of some note. He is chief engineer of the Williamsport and Binghamton R. R. Co., also chief engineer for the Barclay R. R. Co., and mining engineer for the S. L. & A. R. R. Co., He takes an active part in politics, and during President CleA'eland's administration was postmaster at Monroeton. He was married January 21, 1865, to Susan, daughter of Daniel and Rhoda Ormsby, of Albany; she died May 12,1890. The children of this marriage are as follows : E. May, born November 12, 1865 ; Flora June, born May 4, 1867, died December 15, 1873 ; Nathan Elzer, born June 6, 1869, died July 14, 1885, and John Mandeville, born Mav 10, 1888. DARWIN N. ALLEN, farmer/ P. O. East Troy, was boAi in Troy township, August 27, 1824, and is a son of Samuel and Maranda (Sheffield) Allen. His paternal grandfather, Nathaniel Allen, anatiA'e of Long Island, N. Y~., settled in Troy township in 1800, was a surveyor by occupation, and prior to his settlement in Troy was in the employ of the Connecticut Land Company. He was to receive his pay in land, but like many, thus lost his labor as well as pay owing to defect of title. He located on the farm now owned by Phileman Pratt, cleared most of it and died there in 1839; his wife was Lydia Stevens, by whom he had the following children : Adolphus ; Laura. (Mrs. H. Laberien); Samuel ; Alma, (Mrs. Ezra Canfield); and Myron. Of these, Samuel was born in Catskill, N. Y., and was reared in Troy township. He was a farmer by occupation and cleared most of the land where East Troy now stands, and died there in 1855 ; his Avife was a daughter of James Sheffield, of Madison county, N. Y., and by her he had three children : Darwin N.; Lydia M. (Mrs. Monroe Jones) and Adolphus G. Our subject was reared in Troy township, and, with the exception of two years he was in mercantile business at Addison and Binghamton, N. Y., has always followed farming. In 1854 he married Mary Eliza beth Lament, of Troy, and has two children: Nellie L. (Mrs. Howard Cole) and Laura B. Mr. Allen is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and of the F. & A. M.; he has held various offices in Troy township; politically he is a Republican. EZRA ALLEN, farmer and stock grower, Wyalusing, Avas born in Tioga county, N. Y., October 18, 1832, son of Noah and Rhoda (Miller) Allen, the former of whom was born in Vermont, August 11, 1786, and died December 8, 1846, and the latter was born in Tioga county, N. Y., February 10, 1802, and died April 12, 1862; they had children as follows: Lorenzo, born July 22, 1824, died November 19, 1868, was a farmer of Browntown and left a family Avho after his death removed to Manchester, Conn. ; Lucretia, born January 17, 1826, died September 590 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 26, 1856; Lewis, born November 5, 1827, died March 5, 1850; Noah, Jr., born March 6, 1830, died June 12, 1865, a member of Company E, One Hundred and Third P. V., and died at Davis Island Hospital; Ezra Charles, born June 20, 1839, died March 17, 1869; Ethan, born April 7, 1843, now a horseman of Manchester, Conn. His parents came down the river with their family and earthly possessions on an ark, and settled on the farm now owned by our subject, in 1841 ; his father was a carpenter and afterward a farmer; as a carpenter he was noted for his skill, and he drafted the plans for the first court-house of Owego ; before his removal to Bradford county he followed lumbering and ran rafts down the Susquehanna as far as Marietta and Fort Deposit; after coming to Bradford county he turned his attention mostly to farming, and died a few years later. There was but a small amount bf cleared land on the place when his father purchased it. but they proceeded to clear it and fit it for cultivation, and soon had as fine a farm as any in the neighborhood ; his father built a neat frame dwell ing Avhich Avas destroyed by fire in March, 1882. Mr. Allen then built his present residence which is a handsome and commodious farm house; his parents were members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and his mother was an earnest worker in the same. The old homestead, now in his possession, contains one hundred and twenty-five acres of land which he has under a high state of cultivation and is well improved. He has passed the greater portion of his life on the old farm and attended the common school of his neighborhood until he was about twenty-five; always living on the old homestead which he has owned since 1868. He has his farm well stocked with horses, cattle and sheep. He was united in wedlock, April 3, 1862, with Margaret Mahoney, daughter of Michael Mahoney (deceased), a farmer of Tuscarora, and this union has been blessed with three children : Evaline, married to George L. Best, a member of the Washington Fire Clay Company, of Tacoma, Cora and Jessie. The family worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church ; he is a Republican and has filled the various town offices. Mr. Allen has made his way upward without aid from any source but his own industry, and is noAvone of the most prominent of Wyalusing's farmers. The family occupy a prominent place in society, and are noted for their genial welcome to friends and abundant hospitality. HENRY H. ALLEN, farmer, P. O. Mountain Lake, was born February 3, 1841, on the farm where he now resides in Burlington township, a son of Aaron P. and Caroline (Park) Allen, both of English descent and natives of Luzerne county, Pa.; their parents were natives of NeAV England. The father was a farmer and came to Burlington, took a tract of land in the wilderness, where he cleared a large farm ; was also largely engaged in lumbering many years ; he died in Burlington township at the age of sixty-six years, and the mother at the age of fifty-seven years. Henry H. Allen was reared on the farm, and at the age of twenty-two responded to the call for troops in the Civil War, enlisting in Company G, Forty-ninth Regi ment P. V. I.; he participated in two battles; was shot through the wrist, and after fifteen days, while he was in the hospital at Washing- history of Bradford county. 591 ton, was obliged to have his arm amputated near the elboAv ; when he was shot he laid on the field thirty hours, and then was obliged to march a long distance in that suffering condition. He was soon after discharged on February 9, 1865, on account of disability. Mr. Allen was married October 27, 1870, to Sylvia Farr, of Forkston, Wyoming Co., Pa., born February 20, 1848. There have been born to them the following named eight children : Maud E., born December 27, 1871 ; Myrtle, born December 23, 1873; Etta C, born March 22, 1876; Myron P., born December 21, 1877; Glenn G., born January 29, 1880 ; Flora, born November 7, 1885; Irene, born October 17, 1888; Ada O, born November 23, 1890. Mr. Allen owns a fine farm, the old home stead of his father. Politically he is a Republican, has been school director, and has held other positions of public trust ; is a member of the G. A. R., of the I. O. O. F. and of the P. of H. JOHN ALLEN, farmer in Burlington township, P. O. Luther's Mills, was born November 23, 1844, in Ulster, this county. He was adopted and reared by James Adamson and, Avhen only eighteen years of age, enlisted under the name of John Adamson in Company E, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., and served in the Army of the Potomac, participating in many battles, among which were Fredericks burg and Chancellorsville, at which latter h'e was taken prisoner, but Avas soon exchanged. He was again captured, however, October 14, 1863, and was confined at Belle Isle, Richmond, Andersonville, Savannah and Milan ; for a period of fourteen months he was starving, in consequence of which terrible exposure his health Avas undermined, and he is now a pensioner ; he served to the end of the war and was present at Lee's surrender, when he was honorably discharged. Mr. Allen married, October 8, 1866, Annie E. Slater, of Burlington, Avho Avas born April 20, 1849, a daughter of Asa and Lucinda (Rundell) Slater, both of whose families Avere among the early settlers of Towanda and Burlington. Mrs. Allen's great-grandfather, Rundell, was a pioneer Methodist preacher. To this happy union have been born children as folio avs : Mary E., D. William, M. Belle and J. Walter. Mr. Allen is the owner of a farm of about fifty acres, Avhere he settled in 1867, and on which he carries on general farming. He is a Republican in politics, and has held several offices of public trust; is a member of the G. A. R., and is a man of perseverance, respected by many friends. Mrs. Allen is a consistent member of the Evangelical Church. J. A. ALLEN, farmer in Rome township, P. O. Rome, is a native of the township, born July 30, 1844, a son of Joseph and Clarissa (White) Allen, the former of whom was born in Franklin township, this county, and the latter in New York. Grandfather Stephen Allen came to this county in its earliest times and located in Wysox, Avhere he left a family of four children, viz : John, Oney, Sallie (married to George Davidson) and Joseph, the father of the gentleman Avhose name opens this sketch. Joseph Allen left the following children : Mary Eliza (who died in infancy), Dayton, J. B., Sarah, S. W. and S. O., J. H., Clarissa (who died "in Texas at the age of tAventy-two), Jemima R. (married to J. C. Forbes) and J. A. Our subject passed his 592 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. boyhood on the farm and he attended the Rome public schools until eighteen years of age, when he enlisted, August 12, 1862, in Company I, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., Capt. J. P. Spalding, and Avas discharged July 21, 1865; he was in the battles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, and at the latter he received a gunshot Avound in the left knee, from the effects of which he never entirely recovered. He was injured by a fall, causing internal injury, that now troubles him greatly. After the battle of Chancellorsville he was taken to Mt. Pleasant Hospital, Washington, where he was then transferred to the vet eran reserve corps, and acted as guard. After the close of the Avar he returned home and engaged in farming, commencing on the farm he now occupies of fifty acres, which he has improved and brought to its present state of excellence. His injuries are such as to disable him from hard labor. Mr. Allen Avas married, April 8, 1866, to Helen I., daughter of R. R. and Eliza (Mandeville) Brown, the former of whom Avas born in New York, the latter in Massachusetts, of a family of eight children. Their children are: Myrtie E., born January 18, 1868; Freddie J., born February 8, 1871, died January 5, 1874; Lizzie W., born January 19, 1875 ; and one daughter that died in infancy. Mr. Allen is a member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R., and fills the office of quartermaster ; is also a member of Rome Lodge, No. 480, 1. O. O. F, and has passed all the chairs and now fills the office of R. S. N. G.; he has been a member sixteen years. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church, in Avhich he fills the office of trustee ; politically he is a Republican. S. O. ALLEN, farmer in Rome township, P. O. Rome, was born in the township, April 7, 1835, a son of Joseph Allen who was twice married, the first time to Polly Johnston, daughter of Peter Johnston, and by her had three children : Dayton, Joseph H. and J. B. S. O. Allen, who is the third child by the second wife, passed his boyhood on a farm, and attended school at Rome, going to Nancy Woodburn as his first teacher. When about twenty years old he left school and commenced farming. On March 28, 1864, he enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Twelfth Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, and was honorably discharged July 21, 1865 '; while in the service he participated in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg, at Avhich latter battle he received a gunshot wound in the foot, resulting in the loss of a toe and gangrene causing sciatic rheumatism. After recovering from the effects of this wound, he Avas transferred to Company F, Sixteenth Regiment Veteran Reserve Corps, and acted as guard at Harrisburg until his discharge. After close of war he returned home and resumed the occupation of farming on the farm he now owns. He had purchased this farm prior to his enlistment, and was engaged in improving it Avhen he responded to his country's call ; the house he had partiallv completed, stood in its unfinished condition until after the Avar Avhen he completed it ; it burned November 10, 1889, and the present one was built the following spring. . His farm contains fifty acres, and he also owns thirty acres east of Rome. His health was broken in the service, and he is no longer able to do manual labor. Mr. Allen was HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 593 united in marriage October 17, 1857, with Martha O, daughter of Harry L. and Eleota (Aliis) Parks, whose family consisted of the following ohildren : Sarah E., born April 18, 1827; Esther M., born October 18, 1828 ; Joseph W., born November 26, 1831 ; Chloe O., born August 1, 1833 ; Hollis S., born June 15, 1835 ; Martha O, born June 22, 1838; Mary M., born December 10, 1840; Eliza, born April 15, 1848; Charles W., born October 30, 1848, and Laura A., born April 23, 1852. The father, so well knoAvn to the early pioneers as " Priest Parks ", Avas an able and earnest Methodist preacher, and Avas born olose to what is now Rome borough ; his sister Chloe and James Lent were the first oouple to marry in what is now Rome township, it being at, that time included in Omvell ; his mother underwent the trying ordeal of the Wyoming horror, and Avas made a prisoner by the Indians, being then twelve years old ; her future husband was at that timeserving in the patriot army under Washington; her father and mother lived together sixty-one years, and celebrated their diamond wedding. To Mr. and Mrs. Allen have been born tAvo children : llattie C., born June 2, 1859, married to G. W. Crura, and Laura A., born June 8, 1863, married to Horace Russell. The family worship at the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Allen is a member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R., and also of Rome Lodge, No. 4S0, I. O. O. F., has passed all the ohairs, and is now filling the position of conductor, and is P. D. D. G. M. in the Order. Both he and his wife are members of the Pat rons of Husbandry, and Mrs. Allen has taken the order of Rebecca. Mr. Allen is a straight Republican. These worthy people are descendants of two of the oldest families of the township, and they h&ve lived honest, industrious lives, are well-knoAvn throughout the coram unity, and command the love and respect of all. WILLIAM ALLEN, farmer, P. O. LeRaysville, was born April S, 1831, in County Antrim, Ireland, and is the eldest in the family of three sons anil four daughters of James and Ann Allen. He spent his boyhood on the farm and in attending . the common school. In 1856 he came to America. After arriving in the Noav World he remained a short time in Philadelphia, and then came to Bradford county, Avhere he has since lived, a farmer of prominence. He pur chased his present home in 1874. Mr. Allen Avas married, in 1855, to Miss Ellen Blair, who was born July 31, 1838, a daughter of EdAvard and Mary Blair, natives of County Antrim, Ireland ; and this happy union has been blessed with three sons and four daughters, viz.: Mary A., born May 8, 1S57, married to George R. Bro\Arn, a farmer of Pike toAA'nship; Eliza, J., born April 6, 1860. married to William A. Struppler, of Washington; Martha M., born February 7, 1862; William H., born March 22, 1864. of Eaglesmere, Pa.; Robert B ,born February 6, 1867, one of the most, successful teachers in Bradford county; Lindsay E., born November 11, 1869, also engaged in teach ing, and Nellie B., born January 22, 1872, who has taught two years. Mr. and Mrs. Allen early united with the Presbyterian Church in their native place. He has always been identified Avith the Republican party. ELIJAH ALLIGER, proprietor of hVery, Ulster, was born in 594 HISTORY OF BRADFORH COUNTY, Ulster county, N. Y., June 20, 1830, son of Cornelia and Jane B (Depuy) Alliger, natives of NeAV York, of Dutch descent. The father's family consisted of nine children, seven of whom are still living, two only being residents of this county. Our subject was born and reared on a farm, and received his early education in the schools of New York. lie immigrated to this county in 1870, and followed butcher ing twelve years ; then removed to Waverly where he farmed two years, when he returned to Sheshequin and farmed four years; then removed from there to Ulster Avhere he resides, and is proprietor of the only livery and feed stable in the village. Ho has been successful in his business, accumulating his property entirely by his own exertions. On January 9, 1853, he was married to Phu-be J., daughter of Henry and Rebecca (Batie) Ostrum, and of this marriage there were six children, two now living: Cornelius W.. married to Catherine Wolf, of Ulster, and engaged in the grocery business and the manufacture of cigars, and John, Avho lives in Waverly, N. Y., and is farming. Mr. Alliger is a member the Dutch Reformed Church, and in politics belongs to the Democratic party. CHARLES H. ALLIS, merchant, P. O. Aliis Hollow, was born in Wysox, this county, January 19, 1858, and is a son of Henry S. and Mary E. (Dresser) Aliis, the former a farmer of Wysox township. They had four children, viz.: John, died in infancy ; Elizabeth, married to Frank Wood; Charles H.; and Margaret, married to Ceorge Allen. Mr. Aliis Avas born and reared on a farm and had but limited school privileges. He attended the Rome Academy, and when eighteen began teaching and worked his Avay through the Towanda Graded School, teaching ten terms, when he devoted his entire attention to farming until 188S, when he commenced merchandising. He was alone one year and then was associated with Mr. Wood for about four months, Avhen he sold his interest to him. In the folloAving spring he erected the building he now occupies and opened a general store, carrying a complete line of general merchandise valued at $1,500 ; aiso buys and ships all kinds of farm produce. Mr. Aliis Avas united in marriage January 1,1884, Avith Flora, daughter of Capt. I. A. and Malissa (Merricle) Park, parents of eleven children, of whom she is the ninth. This union has been blessed with four children, as follows: Manly, born December 30, 1886; Mabel, born July 9, 1888, died June 9, 1891, loved by allwho knew her ; Stanley, born November 26, 1889, and Aura, born ".April 15, 1891. Mr. Aliis is a Democrat and was postmaster at Aliis Hollow from 1888 to 1890. In his business career he has always been successful, and is respected and trusted by all who know him. EDWIN I. ALLIS, farmer and mill owner, P. O. South Hill, was born in Orwell, this county, June 25, 1821, and is a son of Eleazer, Jr., and Diana (Eastabrooks) Aliis, the former of whom, a son of Eleazer Aliis, Sr., Avas born in Massachusetts in 1789, and came to this county Avith his father in 1804, locating on Johnson's creek near what is now known as Aliis HoIIoav, and made the improvement that is still in the possession of his descendants. Eleazer Aliis, Sr., was three times mar ried, and Avas the father of twenty-one children, six by hisfirst marriage, three by the second, and twelve by the third and last, all of whom, as HISTORY OF BRA UFO RD COUNTY. 595 far as known, reached their majority. Eleazer, Jr., Avas the second child by the first marriage. The farm Mr. Aliis now owns was owned by his father, who purchased and cleared nearly the whole of three hundred and seventy acres, over sixty-six years ago, and built the old frame house, which yet stands in a fair state of pr> servation, noAv owned by Thomas R. Pickering, and occupied by Alonzo Wells. He followed farming and lumbering all his life; his family consisted of four children, of whom Mariam married Harry Stevens, and is now deceased ; Ordensa married T. R. Pickering, and is also dead. Mr. Aliis is the eldest, and is now the only living member of the family. He was born and reared within one-half of a mile of his present residence, and attended the common schools of the neighborhood, until nineteen years of age; then began teaching, and taught his first school at what was then called "Shin Bone," known now as Lear's Corners, one mile west of Ilerrickville, in a log school-house, 12x16, heated by the old fashioned, wide fire-place ; then carried on farming and lumbering three years, after which he purchased a stock of goods, and for about tAvo years he followed peddling, carrying his pack on his back from house to house, meeting with good success. He then purchased of his father the place he now owns Avhen it was nearly a wilderness, and has cleared it up, and fitted the greater portion of it for the plow. He and his father built a saAvmill, operated by Avater-power, on South creek, and used it to saAv their lumber until 1883, Avhen he built his steam mill, which he still owns. HenowoAvns two hundred and twenty acres of fine farm land, and has the same well stocked Avith cattle, sheep and horses. He also has a lath saw, and manufactures bee hives. Mr. Aliis was united in marriage October 30, 1859, with Lavina Hill, and to them have been born six children, as folloAvs: Erving, married to Julia Schovill ; Ned Hunter, married to Augusta, daughter of James Mitten ; Mary, married to B. F. Richards, a merchant, of Windham; George Grant, married to Elma Mericle ; Frank R., and May. Mr. Aliis built his present residence in 1887, a modern farm house with all conven iences, containing eleven rooms. He has lived his entire life in his neighborhood, and he and his excellent wife have built up a large circle of friends, and are noted far and near for their generosity and hospitality. GEORGE R. ALLIS, farmer and mechanic, P. 0. Aliis Hollow, was born in Orwell, this county, and is a son of Ezra R. and Margaret (Wickhizer) Aliis. His grandfather, Eleazer Aliis, came to this county from Connecticut, being among the early pioneers, and reared a family of fourteen children all of whom lived to a ripe old age ; his maternal grandfather, Jacob Wickhizer, came to this county from near Wilkes- Barre, and was one of the first to settle in Avhat is noAv Rome Town ship ; he reared a family of twelve children Avho, with one exception, reached a good age. Ezra R. Aliis, who was a farmer, had a family of six children, viz.: W. W., who went to Nebraska, and there died August 7, 1890; J. II., a blacksmith; Mariam, married to Joseph Allen, of Rome ; George R. ; Helen, married to George Forbes ; and Frankie, who died in infancy. Geprge R. Aliis passed his boyhood on the farm he now occupies, and attended the district school until March 31, 1864, 596 HIBTOIIY OK BRADFORD COUNTY. when he enlisted in Company I). Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry (ho had been previously rejected as a, minor). With his command ho participated in- the engagements of Cold Harbor, Pavilion Station, Deep Bottom, the raid up the Shenandoah, Winchester (Sept. 19, 1864), where his horse was shot from under him, Cedar Creek and Gordonsville. He saw much and severe service; was sent to Dis mounted Camp, at Harper's Ferry, in tho spring of 1865, and received his .discharge at Louisville, Ivy., "in August same year. Prior to the war Mr. Aliis had learned the wagon-maker's trade, and after return ing from the army he commenced fo work at it. He was in Martins- burg, West Va., in 1884-85. He has been twice married, first time, November 29, 1870, to A., daughter of Isaac Lyons, a prominent farmer of Orwell Township, and this union was blessed with three children, viz.: Minerva. Nina M. and George P. This wife died December 24, 1S85, and June 4, 1890, Mr. Aliis was married to Mrs. Emily Jones, a widow. Mr. Aliis is a member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. Ii ; in politics he is a Republican, and has held the offices of school director and postmaster. II. C. ALLIS, farmer and stock grower, of Orwell township, P. O. Aliis Hollow, was born March 24, 1855, on the farm he occupies, and is a son of Silas and Margaret (Lent) Aliis, both natives of this county. His grandfather was Eleazer Aliis. Silas Aliis was born March 11, 1794, and lived his entire life in Orwell township, and at the time of his death owned about two hundred acres of land. The farm which the grandfather settled on is still in tho family, and the first cabin built thereon stood opposite the present residence of Charles Aliis. II . C. and II. K. Aliis own the larger portion of the tract, which they have improved since their father's death. In the family of Silas and Margaret Aliis were children as follows: Henrietta (wife of Harry Parks), Shuburn, II. K., Hester R. (married Corydon Thayer); If. G, and Hester, died in infancy. II. C. Aliis was born and reared on a farm, and received his education in the common school. On reaching his majority he began farming, and noAv owns one hundred acres of well-improved land, where he keeps a, dairy and does general farming; also does an extensive poultry business, shipping dressed fowls to the eastern markets. He was united in marriage, March 24, 1868, with Piuma, daughter of Dan and Lucy (Howe) Robinson, and to them have been born children as follows: Norman L., Cora A., Clara L., Lewis E., Leman (deceased) and Burt. Mr. Aliis is a Prohibitionist, and has held various town offices. He has lived always in the neighborhood of Aliis Hollow, where he has drawn about him an extensive circle of friends and neighbors, and commands tho esteem and respect of all. I. M. ALLIS, druggist, Wyalusing, born in Orwell toAvnship, this county, August 8, 1850, is a son of Edwin Aliis. He was educated in the common schools and the Collegiate Institute, and followed the profession of teaching about five years. During that time he had studied pharmacy, and in 1872 came to Wyalusing and purchased the drugstore and embarked at once in the mercantile world as a druggist. In his business he has been eminently successful, and has run it with out the assistance of a clerk ; with the exception of burning out once, HISTORY OF BRADF011D COUNTY. 597 ho has prospered without, interruption, lie was united in wed look with Julia L. Scoville, of Wyalusing, and to them has been given one child, Scoville, born September 10, 1883. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church, and politically Mr. Aliis is identified with tho Republican party, taking an active interest in tho good of his party. The family built the brick building occupied by St ion hack's turnUuro store, in 1889, and still own tho same. Mr. Aliis has a beau tiful modem residence which he built in 1885. N. 11. ALLIS, Wyalusing, Avas born April 6, 1855, a son of E. I. Aliis, of Orwell, was roared on a farm, ana received his education in tho common schools and at the Collegiate Institute. ToAvanda. Ilo taught school live or six terms, beginning when twenty-two years of ago, and combined teaching with farming until 1886, when ho entered tho Ontario College of Veterinary Surgery. Toronto, Canada. and was graduated from there in March, 1888; then came direct to Wyalusing, and began the practice of his profession, carrying ou a livery stable in connection with same. Mr. Aliis was united in marriage, September 20, 1SSS, with Augusta, daughter of James and Eiliica J. (CraAvfovd) Mitten, of Horrid; township, this county; of a family of eleven children she is the ninth. In politics Mr. Aliis has identified himself with the Democratic party, and has tilled various town and borough otHoes. In his profession he has been eminently successful, and being thoroughly road has an extensive practice. J. S. ALLYN, funeral director, Towanda. was born in Warivn township, this county, October 1831, a son of Seneca and Betsy (Pen dleton) Allyn, natives of Massachusetts and Connecticut, respectively. Mis father settled in Warivn township about 1810, -whore he cleared and improved a farm on which he resided until his death; he AA'as the father of twelve children, six of whom grow to maturity as follows: Jonathan W.. Charles 11., Jacob S.. Edwin K„ Joanna and Caroline. J. S. Allyn was roared in his native township where he received a common-school education. After attaining his majority he engaged in framing until 1864, when ho removed to ToAvanda. Avheiv. success ively, he engaged in the restaurant, bakery, livery, furniture and undertaking businesses, embarking in the latter in 1872. in Avhich he still continues, being the oldest established undertaker in Towanda. Ho married, in 18^8, Sarah, daughter of Caleb and Rebecca (Ooff\ Abell, of Warivn township. He is a member of the K. of H„ and in polities is a, Republican. THOMAS B. ALLYN, farmer, a native of Warivn toAvnship, this county, bom July S. 18o7. a son of Benajah and Nancy 8 he married Lucena K., daughter of Capt. Alvin and Julia (Smith) Bailey, of Connecticut, and has three children: Dix. Dell tMrs. A. T. Parks) and Ray. Mr. Ballard is a descendant of the old est families of Brad fori! county; politically he is a Republican. 620 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. REV. GEORGE BALLENTINE, clergyman and farmer, Smith- field township, P. O. Floss, Avas born in County Antrim, Ireland, May 26, 1839. In early life be was a linen weaver in the winter, and in the summer was employed on the farm; he was second in a family of seven children ; and acquired a fair education in his native country. He and his brother, John, came to this country in the month of July, 1863, and landed in New York on the day of the great riot, and saw the two men-of-war come up to the city, to put down the disturbance. He worked first at the iron works near AllentoAvn, and in the fall of 1864 entered Bucknell University, where he Avas graduated in 1871, and entered the ministry, of the Baptist Church at North Moreland, Wyoming county. On October 3, 1873, he was married to Jennie R. Gerould, who was graduated from the same college as her husband ; she was the daughter of James L. and Sabrina B. Gerould, born NoATember 28, 1848, on the farm where they now reside. There have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Ballentine eight children, seven of whom are now living, as follows: Bernie H, James Gerould, Mary F., Carrie M., John H, Harriet L. and George F. Mr. Ballentine was pastor at North Moreland four years, and then eight years in Mont gomery county, where he built two churches ; on account of nervous disa bility he Avas obliged to discontinue active work for a time, and conse quently came to this township where he owns a fine farm. He has continued to preach at Smithfield, South Creek, Ridgebury, and for the last two years at Terrytown and Camptown, when without a regu lar pastor; his brother, John, who was graduated at the college above named, is the professor of Greek and Latin in the State Normal School at Clarion, and Avas formerly a professor in Madisoh (now Col gate) University, at Hamilton, N. Y. JAMES D. BARBOUR, farmer and dairyman, Ulster, one of the prominent farmers of the county, was born in Scotland July 20, 1829, the son of Hugh and Margaret (Hunter) Barbour. His school term ended Avhen he was tAvelve years old, yet he has a fair education. In his father's family were seA'en children, of whom James D. is the eld est ; two died in infancy ; three boys and two girls live in this county : Elizabeth, at Moore's Hill; Janet, married to James McQueen, of Horseheads, N. Y.; Hugh, at Blyn City, Washington; Alexander, of Newman, Cal. , The family came to this county in 1849, locating at Moore's Hill, and cleared the old Avoods away. James D. Barbour now owns a beautiful farm of 220 acres, having recovered the entire tract from brush, and has made the improvements, which are all modern and among the best of the county. On September 28, 1864, he enlisted in Company H, Fifty-third Regiment, P. Y.I., and served until the close of the war, participating in the battle of Hatcher's Run. His health was greatly impaired during his service, and for several years after his return from the army he was unable to perform farm labor, but is now fairly restored to health. His parents died on the farm he now owns, the father March 26, 1864, and the mother July 11, 1873. Our subject was married March 13, 1867, to Agnes, daughter of Walter and Mar garet (Mather) Pollock, natives of Scotland (she Avas born in Ulster, and her father's family consisted of six children, she being next to the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 621 youngest and the only daughter ; her brothers all live in this county). The fruits of this marriage are two children, Walter and Margaret Estella. Mr. Barbour keeps a dairy, also grows wool and breeds draft horses , he has OArer 100 acres of land under cultivation. He is a mem ber of Gilmour Post, G. A. R., at Ulster, a leading member of the Presbyterian Church at Ulster, and one of its organizers ; in his politi cal views he is a Republican. PERLEY N. BARKER, M. D., Troy, was born in Belpre, Wash ington Co., Ohio, August 31, 1856, a son of Edmund and Rhoda A. (Lathrop) Barker, of English descent, and on the paternal side coming of Puritan stock. Until the age of fourteen he attended the public schools of Illinois, and then three years Avere spent in the schools of western New York ; he then took a course of study in the Wellsboro (Pa.) graded school, and commenced the study of dentistry in that place. In 1878 he located in Troy, and was an assistant in the oflice of Dr. R C. Kendall ; in 1880 he was examined by the Pennsylvania State Dental Examining Board, was given a certificate of proficiency, and passed the best examination up to that time of any Avho had come before the board. Being possessed of a fine intellect, he decided that a higher profession Avas more congenial to his tastes, and in 1887 he Avas graduated from the Medico-Chirurgical College of Philadelphia, Pa., receiving the special prize in surgery ; soon after he engaged in part nership Avith Dr. E. G. Tracy, of Troy, Avith whom he has since been associated; he has a large surgical practice in the place in addition to his regular work, and has devoted a great deal of special study to this branch of his profession. Though young in years, Dr. Barker stands well in the estimation of the community, and has an excellent practice. He has been twice married, first to Cora, daughter of Benjamin F. and Lydia (Slade) Knapp, of Troy, and by her had one son : Frank S. ; his second marriage was with Lillian, daughter of Joseph and Melissa (Hall) Joralemon, Trov. The Doctor is a member of the BaDtist Church, of the F. & A. M. and I. 0. O. F. ; also of the Bradford County Medical Society, the Pennsylvania State Medical Society, and Alumni of the Medico-Chirurgical College, of Philadelphia. Politically he is a Republican. GEORGE BARNES, farmer and horse trainer, of Granville town ship, P. O. Granville Centre, was born November 15, 1845, in Hart ford, Conn., a son of Albert and Sarah E. (Andrews) Barnes, who settled in Granville in 1846, and cleared and improved the farm now owned by Luman Putnam, Jr., Avhere they died. Albert Barnes was one of the leading citizens of his day, and, besides carrying on his farm, was extensively engaged in lumbering and in the sale of musical instru ments and patent rights. He took an active part in local politics, and held many of the minor offices of the township. Until the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion he was in politics a Democrat, but since then a stanch Republican. His children were Celestia (Mrs. P. S. Bailey), Julia (Mrs. H. W. McCraney), Roderick. Horace, George, Mellville and Charlotte (Mrs. George Bunyan). George Barnes was reared in Granville township, educated in the common schools, and began life as a fanner ; he has done an extensive business in lumbering, 622 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and from boyhood has been Avidely known for his skill as a breaker and trainer of horses. He married in December, 1864, Grace, daughter of C. J. and Rebecca (Becker) Martin, of Granville, and has four children : Fordyce M., Floyd M., Albert and Donald. Mr. Barnes is a member of the I. O. O. F., Granville Centre Lodge. In politics he is a Repub lican, and is now serving his second term as constable and collector of the township. ULYSSUS BARNES, hotel proprietor, Herrickville, was born on his father's farm in Herrick township, this county, July 26, 1841. His father, Jeremiah Barnes, was born in Orwell township, in 1811; his grandfather, Jesse Barnes, Avas born near Blandford, Mass., in 1784 ; his great-grandfather, Jerre Barnes, also born near Blandford, Mass., was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, Philetus now having the musket he carried, a Queen Ann piece, in a, fair state of preservation. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Jerre Barnes were Jesse, Anson, Joel and Jeremiah. Jesse Barnes received the usual public-school educa tion, after Avhich he Avorked at home on the farm with his father, lie married Roxanna Warfel, also a native of Massachusetts, .and came to this county in 1805, settling in Orwell township, where he improved 150 acres, on which he lived until his forty-fourth year, when he was killed in the Horton sawmill, Wysox. They had eight children, viz.: Lucretia (wife of Alvin Goodnough), Jeremiah, Dr. Jesse, Ollie (wife of Louis Martin), Nelson, Philander, Alonzo and Francis Sylves ter. Mrs. Jesse Barnes died in 1839. Jeremiah, the second eldest child in this family, receiA'ed the usual public-school education, and worked on the farm until his twentieth year; then purchased a farm adjoining his father's, Avhich he sold about 1834, and moved to Her rickville, where he bought from Louis Martin 100 acres, on which his son, Philetus Barnes, now resides; he died November 26, 1880. He had married Sally Aurilla, the younger of two children of Sypron Grant, and they had seven children : Sylvester (who died in infancy), Polly (wife of George Coe), Melissa (deceased), Ulyssus, Roxanna (deceased). Philetus and Loran (of Omaha, Neb). Jeremiah Barnes was tax collector in 1846. Ulyssus Barnes was educated in Herriok- ville, attending school until his nineteenth year, and learned the shoe- making trade. He was drafted and assigned to Company D, One Hundred and Seventy-first Regiment P. V. I. .in October, 1862, and they were ordered to Harrisburg, Baltimore, Washington and Suffolk, Va., where they remained five Aveeks acting as reserves ; then proceeded to Harris' Landing, and on a transport to Noav Berne, N. O, where they remained until April 1, 1863 ; thence were sent to Little Washington, N. O, until June; thence to Fortress Monroe, and received orders to cut off the Confederates, Avho were retreating from Gettysburg; thence up York river fifty miles, disembarked, and then were on march six days, when they returned to Fortress Monroe. Thence they pro ceeded to Baltimore and Harrisburg, where the command Avas mus tered out August 8, 1863. Mr. Barnes returned home, remained two months, and then Avent to Nashville, Tenn., where he was employed by the Government until the close of the war, when he again returned home and took up his trade, which he has since followed. He is a HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 823 member of Union Lodge, No. 95, F. & A. M. Mr. Barnes married, June 7, 1871, Sarah M., daughter of Thomas and Sallie (Brewster) Everson, natives of Monroe, Orange Co., N. Y.; she was born August 28, 1848; her father and mother died in 1849 ; she had one brother, George T., and one sister, Julia, wife of Charles Walden. Mr. and Mrs. Barnes have one daughter, Jennie Melissa, who Avas born February 29, 1872. WILLIAM BARNES, farmer, P. O. ToAvanda, was born October 26, 1815, in the town of Nichols, Tioga Co., N. Y., a son of Hezekiah and Polly (Brewster) Barnes ; his father was a native of New York, and a pioneer lumberman and farmer. William Barnes was united in marriage, November 5, 1842, Avith Sarah Stropes, daughter of Henry and Wealthy (Rutty) Stropes, natives of Pennsylvania, whose ancestry was of German extraction. To Mr. and Mrs. Barnes have been born ten children, seven of whom grew to their majority : One son, Burton, was in the War of the Rebellion and lost his life in the service of his country; those living are Louisa, Charlotte, Anna J., William, Sidney and Edward, all of whom are married and prosperous. William Barnes was a poor boy,but by honesty and perseverance has accumulated an independence, and is noAv the owner of three farms of over tAvo hundred acres ; he settled on his present homestead in North ToAvanda township when first married, nearly fifty years ago; has ahvays lived an exemplary and contented life, and is beloved by his family, neigh bors and an extensive circle of friends. It is said of Mr. Barnes that in the course of his business life of over sixty years he has never had a lawsuit. Mr. and Mrs. Barnes are a genial and amiable couple and bid fair to celebrate their golden wedding. HENRY BARRETT, proprietor of the "Barrett House," To wanda, Avas born in 1829, and is a son of John and Mary (McNamara) Barrett, who came to America in 1847, and settled in Sheshequin toAvnship, this county. They were the parents of the following chil dren: Richard, Cornelius, Mary (Mrs. Daniel Barrett), Margaret (Mrs. Thomas Sbeahen), Susan (Mrs. Patrick McNamara), John Daniel and Henry. Henry Barrett was reared in Ireland, and came to America Avith his parents in 1847. After attaining his majority he engaged in farming at Standing Stone, this county, until 1878, when he removed to Towanda and embarked in the hotel business, in which he has since successfully continued, and has occupied his present stand, No. 612 South Main street, since 1882. In 1856 he married Mary, daughter of Patrick and Mary (McGuane) Lynch, of County Clare, Ireland. Mr. Barrett is a well-known and popular citizen ; he is a member of the Catholic Church, and in politics is a Democrat. WASHINGTON I. BARROWCLIFF, farmer, of Tuscarora town ship, P. O. Lacey ville, Wyoming county, Avas born in Camptown, this county, June 27, 1848, and was educated in the common schools and at Wyoming Seminary ; he is a son of Wellington and Lucy (Shumway) Barrowcliff, the former a native of Mehoopany. Pa., of English descent, the latter of Tuscarora, of New England parentage. Mr. Barrowcliff began life for himself at twenty-two, farming in Tuscarora; he Avas also engaged in teaching school, having taught o\Ter nine terms in Carbon, Wyoming and Bradford counties ; then removed to Susque- 624 HISTORY OF BEADFORD COUNTY. hanna county, where he was engaged in farming two years, when he came to his present place, Avhere he has since remained. He was married September 18, 1876, to Lalla, born February 22, 1857, a daughter of David and Sally (Learn)Edinger,of Monroe county, Pa., and they have four children, viz.: Kent, born September 14, 1877; Fidae, born May 26, 1880; Altie, born September 7, 1882; and Winifred, born August 4, 1884. Mr. Barrowcliff is an independent voter and a strong advocate of the principles of Prohibition. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Skinner's Eddy. JACOB J. BARTCH, farmer, Wilmot township, P. O. Wilmot, was born in Sullivan county, Pa., September 12, 1846, and is a son of Godlip and Sarah (Suber) Bartch, the former a native of Wurtemberg, Germany, and the latter of Berks county, Pa., and of German lineage. Mr. Bartch began life for himself, farming, at twenty-nine, Avhen he purchased his present home of one hundred and forty-two acres where he has since resided. He was married May 5, 1873, to Miss Frances, daughter of John and Lucretia (Lephfrum) Saxe, and they have two children, viz. : Howard L., born January 26, 1877, and Florence O., born September 11, 1878. Mr. Bartch is a member of the Lutheran Church at Dushore, and his political principles are pronounced Republican. HENRY ARTHUR BARTLETT, physician and surgeon, Sugar Run, Avas born January 8, 1846, at Towanda, this county, and is a son of O. D. and Mary (Weston) Bartlett, the former a native of Otis, Mass., and the latter of Towanda. In his father's family there were the following named children : Frank W. , professor of Hebrew and Oriental languages in Williams College, and pastor of Grace Church, Williams- town, Mass.; Mary F. (Mrs. E. O. Macfarland), of Towanda; Harriet (Mrs. Walter G. Tracy), also of Towanda; Charles G. (deceased); Cora (Mrs. Norman Eichelberger), of Mansfield, Ohio; John N., and Orrin D., Avho died in infancy. Dr. Bartlett was educated at the Susque hanna Collegiate Institute, Ann Arbor Medical College and Penn sylvania Medical College ; he also read medicine Avith Drs. Mason and Madill. In 1869 he located at Sugar Run, where he has since been engaged in the practice of his profession. On June 30, 1863, the Doctor enlisted at Towanda, in Company A, Thirty-fifth P. V. I.; Avas first detailed as hospital Avarden, and later as surgeon of the Third Division of U. S. Military Carpenters. Dr. Bartlett was married July 6, 1869, to Miss Delphine, daughter of George H. and Fannie (Brown) Hill, of Burlington, and they have nine children : Orrin Daniel, born June 18, 1871; Mary Weston, born October 5, 1373; Franklin Walter, born October 31, 1875; Henry Arthur, Jr., born October 6, 1877; Jane Scott, born August 19, 1880; Bessie, born September 19, 1882; Edward Macfarland, born March 14, 1885; Norman Eichelberger. born April 15, 1887, and Cora Eliza, born March 2, 1890, all of whom were baptized in the Protestant Episcopal Church by their uncle, Rev. F. W. Bartlett. Dr. and Mrs. Bartlett are also members of the Protest ant Episcopal Church. He is a member of Jackson Post, G. A. R., at Wyalusing, of which he is surgeon; is a Freemason of the third degree, and in politics is a Republican. Ebenezer Bartlett, the ances- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 625 tor of the family in Bradford county, was a Revolutionary patriot, and was among the freemen who struck the first blow for liberty at Lexington ; he was the great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch. Josiah Bartlett, Avho signed the Declaration of Independence, was of the same family blood. URIAH D. BAXTER, farmer, and agent for agricultural machinery, Granville Centre, was born in Granville township, this county, August 19, 1828, a son of Oliver and Ruth (Ross) Baxter. His paternal grandparents, Uriah and Kate (Bailey) Baxter, formerly of Connecticut, settled in Granville township in 1808, and cleared and improved the farm where William Baldwin noAv lives, and died there; their children were Chauncey, Ezra, Betsey (Mrs. Simeon West), (Mrs. Parkhurst), Roxie (Mrs. John Vroman), and Oliver, the father of our subject, Avho was born in Schoharie county, N. Y., March 14, 1804. When four years of age, Oliver removed Avith his parents to Granville, where he was reared, and cleared and improved the farm now owned by Edward Selleck and James McKeen, and had a family of four children: Uriah D., Jane (Mrs. N. W. Clark), Amanda (Mrs. John Mott), and Sarah (Mrs. N. W. Clark). The subject of these lines Avas reared in Granville, where he has always resided, and cleared and improved the farm he now occupies; his wife was Mary, a daughter of Silas Packard, of Canton township, and by her he has five children, as follows: Orselus, Ira, Odessa (Mrs. David Pepper), Fred and Emma. Mr. Baxter was a member of Company I, Fifteenth New York Engineers, in the Civil War, enlisting August 29, 1864, and after serving eleven months was honorably discharged. He is a well-known citizen of Granville, and in politics is" a Republican. JOHN W. BEAMAN, liveryman and undertaker, Troy, was born in Columbia township, this county, November 3, 1848, and is a son of Joseph and Almira (Burrell) Beaman. His father Avas a native of Bennington, Vt., born January 27, 1785, and was a son of Joseph Beaman Avho served as a soldier throughout the War of the Revolu tion. The father of our subject settled in Columbia township, this county, in 1806, and cleared and improved the farm on which he resided until his death which occurred August 12, 1872 ; by his wife, who was a daughter of Silas and Lucy Burrell, of Tioga county, Pa., he had ten children: Mary (Mrs. D. B. Knapp), Martha (Mrs. L. E. Haven), Joseph, Sarah (Mrs. Austin Edsall), David, Ruth, William, Lydia, John W., and Lucy (Mrs. C. E. Colony). The subject of these lines is the OAvner of the old homestead where he Avas born and reared. He received an academical education, and after attaining his majority engaged in farming for several years ; in 1880 he embarked in general merchandising at Wells, this county, in which he was engaged until 1887. In 1889 he was engaged in the furniture and undertaking business at Williamsport, and in the fall of same year he located in Troy, where he has since been successfully engaged in the livery and undertaking business. He was twice married, first to Effie D., daughter of Capt. William R. and Abigail (Mosher) Wilson, of Wells, by whom he had two children : Joseph W. and Effie D.; and his second wife was Fannie R. Wilson, sister of his first wife, by whom he has four 626 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, children : Susan E., William and Humphrey (twins) and Francis. Mr. Beaman is an enterprising citizen, and politically he his a Democrat. CHARLES I. BEARDSLEY, farmer, Smithfield township, P. O. Hoblet, Avas born in Schuyler county, N. Y., June 24, 1856, son of S. C. and Caroline M. (Coots) Beardsley, natives of that county and of English ancestry. His great-grandfather, Coots, Avas a Hessian soldier, and Avas in the War of the Revolution ; after the war he became an Amer ican citizen and reared a large family. Mr. Beardsley was the eldest in a family of four children, all boys ; he was married, March 7, 1877, to Emma R , daughter of T. D. and Clarinda (Crandall) Beardsley, old settlers in Springfield ; she was born February 15, 1850, and was one of a family of five children. There has been given to Mr. and Mrs. Beardsley one child, Annie Maud, born December 27, 1881. Mr. Beardsley came to this township thirteen years ago, and pur chased Avhat is known as the Ames (afterward the Peck) farm ; he is a successful farmer, deals largely in cattle, buying and selling; is a member of the Knights of Honor; is a Republican and active in politi cal matters, and a man well informed on the subjects of the day. Mrs. Beardsley is an active and energetic business lady. The Beardsleys are descendants of William Beardsley, who came from England in the ship " Planter " to Boston, Mass., in 1635. GEORGE G. BEARDSLEY, of Beardsley & McKean, hardware merchants, Troy, was born in Sullivan township, Tioga Co., Pa., January 11, 1849, a son of Eden and Miranda (Tinkham) Beardsley, and is of Puritan and Pilgrim stock. He was reared and educated in his native county, served an apprenticeship of three years in Tioga, and afterward worked as a journeyman six and one-half years. He located in Troy, May 18, 1874, and August 1, 1878, embarked in the general hardware business in Troy, continuing alone until 1879 when Mr. H. M. Spalding became associated with him, and the firm did business as Beardsley & Spalding until February, 1884, when Mr. A. B. McKean was admitted to the firm, and as Beardsley, Spalding & McKean continued up to the first of January, 1890, when Mr. Spalding retired, and the firm continues as Beardsley & McKean. Mr. Beardsley was married January 11, 1882, to Alice E, daughter of Lewis H. and L. Susan (Pierce) Tears, of Troy. Mr. Beardsley is one of the sub stantial and enterprising business men of Troy, and in politics he is a Republican. CYRUS BECK, farmer, P. O. Fassett, Avas born in Pike county, Pa., June 30, 1820, a son of William and Mary Impson Beck ; the former was born in Mount Bethel, Pa., the latter in Pike county, Pa. They removed to this county in 1835, locating in Ridgebury Avhere they remained one year; then moved to South Creek, and settled where Mr. Beck purchased and cleared a most fertile farm, on Avhich he afterward lived and died at the age of seventy years, and his wife at the age of eighty-seven years. They raised a family of eleven children, ten of whom grew to maturity and three are now living. The subject of this memoir, Avho is the second in the family, came to this county Avith his father when fifteen years of age. He received his education in Tompkins county, N. Y., and afterward followed farming HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 627 at which he has proved a success. At the age of twenty-six he mar ried Martha, daughter of Asa and Mercy Moore, by which union there were born seven children, all of Avhom grew to maturity, and of these six are noAv living, as follows : Elle R., M. Amelia, Catherine, William Henry, Grace E. and Hattie Louise ; Floravance A., now deceased, was the eldest. Mr. Beck is an extensive farmer and lumberman, not only supplying the home demand, but shipping to Elmira and other points. He nas a fine assortment of blooded horses, from registered stock ; is a successful and enterprising farmer, having the confidence of his fellow- citizens ; has held the office of school director and also town commis sioner for years vvith satisfaction to all, and honor to himself. JOSEPH BECKER, farmer, P. O. Alba, was born in Kinderhook, N. Y., February 5, 1827, and is the adopted son of John S. and Hannah Becker, who settled in Armenia township in 1833, on the farm now owned by. J. D. Becker. Our subject was reared in Armenia township from twelve years of age, and cleared and improved the farm he now occupies. In 1864 he enlisted in Company I, Fifteenth New York Engineers, and after nine months' service was honorably discharged. He married September 9, 1852, Mary, daughter of Hiram Miller, of Armenia, and has eight children, as follows : Morris, Anna, Clara (Mrs. Burton Rexford), Charlotte, Mary (Mrs. Charles Purvis), Florence, Jennie and Ella. Mr. Becker is one of the substantial farmers of Armenia township, and in politics is a Republican. ABNER M. BEEBE, retired merchant, Rome, was born in New York City, August 28, 1832, and is a son of Martin H. and Eliza (Meserole) Beebe, the former a native of Connecticut, the latter of Brooklyn, N. Y., and of Dutch descent. His paternal ancestors were from Connecticut, dating back generations. His father, who was a copper-smith, and a successful business man, died January 1, 1840, aged thirty-three ; he had a family of five children, viz : Martin H., of Brooklyn ; Margaret M., married to William H. VanVorhis, both now dead ; Abner M ; Harriet M., married to William H. Barnes, of New York City ; Elizabeth, died in infancy. Abner M. Beebe passed his boyhood in the city of Brooklyn, attending the public schools until twelve years of age, after which he Avas thrown on his own resources. He secured a position as errand boy in a store in NeAV York, and was clerk in different stores, finally becoming a head book-keeper, and was thus employed until the panic of 1857, when he opened a fruit store on his own account, and conducted the same until 1863, Avhen he was appointed commissioner of enrollment by President Lincoln, and during the draft riots he was in frequent danger of his life from assassination. In 1865 he came to Bradford county and purchased a farm of fifty-five acres in North Rome ; after eight years he removed to Wysox, and three years afterward he proceeded to Springville, Susquehanna county, and was there three years when he went to Brushville, opened a general store and remained two years ; Avhile here he lost his first wife ; then he removed to Myersburg, and merchandised for about five years, and from there came to Rome borough; then in 1887 he retired from active life. Mr. Beebe has been tAvice married, the first time April 26, 1854, to Mary A. Dains, daughter of William H. Dains, of Brooklyn, by 628 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Avhich marriage he had four children, viz. : Francis E., married to E. T. Bull ; Hattie M., married to J. Wilbur Dunn ; Mary E., married to E. R. Myer, Jr., and Isaac M. She died March 16, 1882, and May 27, 1884, he was married to Emma Com pton, daughter of William H. Compton, of New York City. Mr. Beebe takes a great interest in church matters, and is a Republican. He has been three times appointed postmaster .of different offices in the county; he has also served as council and on the election board of Rome borough. In his business career Mr. Beebe has always been successful, and left a large circle of friends wherever he has resided ; he commands the esteem and respect of a large circle of friends in this his adopted county. JOSEPH B. and GEORGE M. BEIDLEMAN, merchants, Wila- Avana, Avere born in Wilawana, this county, Joseph B. on January 25, 1853, and George M. on March 23, 1862. They are the sons of Anson and Eunice (Seeley) Beidleman, natives of New York. Anson Avas the son of Isaac Biedleman, who moved to this county about 1816 or 1817, when his son Avas seven or eight years of age, began keeping house in a log house in the northwest corner of the township of Athens, where he followed farming. Anson followed the same vocation as his father in Athens township until 1847 when, in company Avith D. S. Brown, he entered into mercantile business ; after three or four years under the firm name of Beidleman & Brown, Mr. Beidle man purchased Mr. Brown's interest, which he continued Avith much success until his death, Avhich occurred in 1880, when he Avas in his seventy -first year ; he was in the mercantile business thirty-two years, carrying a general stock for country trade. His family consisted of three sons: Joseph B., George M., and Benjamin F. (deceased). Joseph B. and George M. Beidleman were reared and educated at Wiia- wana ; Joseph B. is yet unmarried ; George M., at the age of tAventy- two married Hattie L., daughter of G. H. and Catherine Sible, of WilaAvana, Pa., January 21, 1884, by which union there Avas born to them one daughter, Mildred B. Mrs. Anson Beidleman carried on the business in her OAvn name ten years after the death of her husband ; in 1890 J. B. and G. M. took the store in their own name, and are doing a prosperous business ; besides a full line of groceries and pro visions, they handle extensively farming machinery, and are known under the firm name Beidleman Brothers. They are both musicians of some merit, and are much respected by their townsmen. Joseph B. has held the oflice of constable two terms, and now holds the im portant position of justice of the peace. Mrs. Beidleman, Sr., is nearly sixty-five years of age, and enjoys good health. James Seeley, her grandfather, was a ReA'olutionary soldier. ALONZO E. BENJAMIN, farmer, Albany township, P. O. New Albany, Avas born in Asylum toAvnship, this county, May 5, 1838, a son of John V. and Betsey Elizabeth (Bennett) Benjamin, natives of Albany township and of English descent. His father was a farmer and lumberman. His grandfather, John Benjamin, also a farmer and lumberman, was a native of Goshen, Orange Co., N. Y., and was one of the pioneers of Asylum. It is thought that the great-grandfather was also a resident of Asylum, and died there at a -very old age ; he was a HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 629 soldier of the Revolutionary War, and a pensioner ; he Avas a man of influence. Benjamin Bennett, the grandfather on the mother's side, at one time oAvned a grist and saw mill at the mouth of the creek near where W. R. Storrs now resides ; he died at the age of ninety-eight years, a pensioner of the War of 1812. Our subject was reared on his father's farm and engaged in farming in Asylum; he was ten years in Monroe toAvnship and removed to his present farm of one hundred and fifty acres, in 1881, one of the finest properties in the township. In October, 1861, he enlisted in the Civil War in Company G, Fifty- seventh P. V. I., was in active service three years and two months, and was under fire a large number of times, receiving one slight wound. He was a prisoner in Libby prison about six months ; had also four brothers in the war, making five of the family serving their country all at one time. He was married March 20, 1866, to Eliza Mingos, Avhose ancestors were among the early settlers of Towanda township. To them have been born one daughter (now deceased) and one son, Almond H, who resides with his father. Mr. Benjamin is a member of the G. A. R.; politically he is a Republican, and he is one of the most successful farmers in the township. JAMES BENNETT, chief of police, constable and tax collector, Athens, is a native of Pike township, Bradford Co., Pa., born June 23, 1858, and is a son of Miles and Lucy (Bishop) Bennett; his father is also a native of Pike toAvnship; his mother of Susquehanna county, Pa. ; the latter died June 23, 1858, in her twenty-fourth year. Miles Bennett is a farmer and veterinary surgeon, was in the service duringthe Civil War. Ferris Bennett, the grandfather of James Bennett, was a native Connecticut, and came to this county in an early day; he died in May, 1890, at the advanced age of ninety years. James Bennett is the youngest of three children (the second child died in infancy). He received a common-school education and folloAved farming until 1882, when he came to Athens and was appointed chief of police, the next year he was appointed constable, has-been elected since that; in 1887 he was elected tax collector, and has held that position since. He was married at Skinner's Eddy, July 19, 1879, to Miss Josephine H, daughter of Abraham M. and Melissa A. Kramer, natives of Wysox township. Abraham Kramer Avas a machinist and foreman in Kellogg & Maurice's machine shops when they first started in Athens; he died in November, 1882, in his sixty-fourth year, and Mrs. Kramer resides with her daughter, Mrs. Bennett, who is the second in a family of three children; she was born in Ulster township, March, 1858. Mr. and Mrs. Bennett have an adopted daughter, Mabel L. Mr. Bennett, Avho is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, and of the Royal Arcanum, Sexennial League and ProA'inceand Shield; in politics he is a Republican. W. A. BENNETT, stone dealer, Siivara, was born in Wyalusing township, this county, April 20, 1850, and is a son of Levi and Cor nelia J. (Baker) Bennett. Of a family of seven children he is the third; his father is still a resident of this county. The boyhood of our subject was passed on a farm, and he had the advantages of a good common-school education ; at the age of eighteen he began 35 630 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. to learn the carpenter's trade with James Sharer, of Pike toAvnship' and after being in his employ about one year he began contracting on his own responsibility, following that occupation until 1889. In 1867 he removed to Siivara, which has been his home since ; in 1882 he built a steam saw and planing and feed mill in that village, which he still operates. In the fall of 1888 he began his stone operations, leasing a tract of land close to the . village, and opened what is now known as Bennett's quarry ; this is the Blue Stone Quarry where he quarries a superior article of flag and curb stone ; he operates this during the summer and lumbers in the Avinter, thus furnishing steady employment for about twelve men. In his work in the quarry he cuts and ships on an average four car-loads of stone per week, finding mar ket for the same in the cities of the Lackawanna Valley and New Jersey. Mr. Bennett is also an extensive land owner, having a tract of about one hundred and eighty acres of land mostly covered by a growth of fine timber. He was united in marriage, December 17, 1870, Avith Susan Smith, a daughter of William Smith, of NeAV York, and this union has been blessed with three children: Frennie, Elgie and Clair. Politically Mr. Bennett is a Republican, and has filled the ATarious township offices. He is decidedly a self-made man, and by hard toil and close application to business he has amassed a considera ble fortune which under his careful guidance is constantly increasing. JOHN GASKIN BENSLEY, farmer, Wysox township, P. O. Towanda, Avas born in Tioga county, N. Y., July 30, 1831, and is a son of John and Mary (Ross) Bensley, natives of Pennsylvania. In his father's family there Avere five children, of Avhom our subject is the fourth. John Gaskin Bensley began life for himself at tAventy-one, and . Avas engaged in lumbering fifteen years upon the West branch of the Susquehanna ; then located on a farm in Pike township, Avhere he remained five years, and was then engaged in the mercantile business at LeRaysville five years, and in 1879 he removed to his present home. Mr. Bensley was married October 1, 1864, to Miss Althea L., daughter of George and Lydia (Dwight) Judd, and they have had born to them three children : George Judd, born August 4, 1865 (is professor in LoAvell's Commercial College, at Binghamton, N. Yr.) ; Mertie Belle, born August 5, 1868, and Ward Eugene, born October 28, 1872, and died September 16, 1884. Mr. Bensley is a Sir Knight Templar, and in politics he is a Republican. ALVIN L. BERRY, farmer, Springfield township, P. O. Berry- town, was born January 16, 1836, on the farm where he now resides, a son of Almond and Clarissa (Severance) Berry, the former of whom was reared in Otsego county, N. Y., and removed to this county in 1825 from Danby, Tompkins Co., N. Y., Avith his brothers, Woodard and Leaman, and they each cleared large fa,rms. The father was a man of sterling worth and infiuence in his time. He had a family of seven children, and died at the age of sixty-seven years; the mother also died at the age of sixty-seven. Mr. Berry's grandfather, Severance, was cook for Gen. Washington in the beginning of the Revolutionary War, when only seventeen years of age, and was afterward a soldier'in the ranks HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 631 serving' in the Avar seven years. Alvin L. Berry was married to Eunice Harkness, who was born February 12, 1840, a daughter of Hiram and Lorinda (Boughton) Harkness, of South Creek township. Her father was the first white male child born in the town of Spring field, and his father, John Harkness, Avas the first settler in the place, having come here from Massachusetts in 1803. Mrs. Berry's father died October 23, 1866, at the age of sixty-one years, and her mother in April, 1890, at the age of eighty-two. Mr. and Mrs. Berry have had two children : Grace E., born December 9, 1869, and Mattie L., born December 6, 1873. Mr. Berry lives on the old homestead, a fine farm of one hundred and sixty-six acres ; his principal business is dairying, and he has one of the finest herds of Jersey cows in the county. Politically he is a Republican, and takes an active interest in the affairs of his party ; has held several positions of public trust, and is considered one of the substantial men of the county. WOODARD BERRY, farmer, P. O. Berrytown, was born March 29, 1830, on the farm where he now resides in Springfield toAvnship, a son of Woodard and Rhoda (Cass) Berry, natives of Otsego Co., N. Y., and Avho came to Springfield township, this county, from Danby, Tompkins Co., N. Y., in 1825. The grandfather, who was a native of Vermont, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and died in Spring- field township, this county, at a very old age ; the father, Woodard Berry, with his two brothers, Almond and Leaman, were the first settlers in this part of the township, and each cleared large farms. The father, who was one of the substantial men of BerrytoAvn in his day, was twice married. His first wife died at the age of fifty-eight years, and he then married Anna Cass, who died at the advanced age of eighty-one years, he himself passing away when aged seventy-six. Mr. and Mrs. Berry were consistent Christians, he a Baptist in belief, and she a member of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. Our subject, Avho is the fifth in a family of seven children, all living, was reared on the farm. On May 19, 1855, he was married to Mary A. Smith, who Avas born April 21, 1836, a daughter of Nicholas and Anna (Avery) Smith, of Springfield, this county, natives of New York, former of Avhom, who Avas a farmer, died aged eighty-one, and the latter at the age of forty, years. Mr. and Mrs. Berry have had born to them four children, as follows: Ida A., born March 11, 1856, wife of John Gor don ; Jay W., born May 30, 1859, married to Laura Cornell ; Ruth, born December 31, 1869, and Lamont, born April 21, 1874. Mr. Berry has a prime farm of 160 acres (the old homestead), has a dairy and raises some fine horses and Short-horn cattle. In politics he is a Republican, and takes an active interest in the affairs of his party; has held several offices of public trust ; has been postmaster since 1889. The family are members of the Wesleyan Methodist Church. JOHN BESLEY, farmer, P. O. Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Columbia township, this county, February 3, 1851, and is a son of John W. and Hettie M. (Swayze) Besley. His paternal grandparents were Oliver and Rhoda (Westbrook) Besley, natives of France and New York, respectively, and who were pioneers of Columbia township, settling on the farm now owned by subject, which they cleared and 632 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. improved and there died. John W., father of our subject, who was also a native of Columbia township, always followed farming, and died on the farm now occupied by his son Gabe C, his wife was a daughter of Obadiah and Elizabeth (Beamer) SAvayze, of NeAV Jersey, and by her he had three sons : Oliver B., John and Gabe C. John Besley was reared in Columbia township, and resides on the old homestead of the paternal grandfather. In 1876 he married Mertie, daughter of O. B. and Emily (McClelland) HoAvland, of Columbia township, and they have four children : Lena E., John O., Edith L. and E. Gabe. Mr. Besley is a member of the Presbyterian Church ; in politics he is a Republican. WILLIAM W. BESLEY,farmer and stock dealer, of Columbia town ship, P.O. Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Columbia township, this county, November 16, 1849, and is a son of Oliver 0. and Susan (Wolfe) Besley ; his paternal grandparents Avere Isaac and Rebecca (Watkins) Besley, and his great-grandparents Avere Oliver and Rhoda (Westbrook) Besley. Oliver and Isaac Besley, who were both pioneers of Columbia township, cleared farms and died there. The children of Oliver and Rhoda (Westbrook) Besley Avere as follows: John W., Isaac, Elias, Susan (Mrs. Bateman Monro), Sophia (Mrs. James Fries), Elthera (Mrs. Peter S. Furman), Mary A. (Mrs. William Strait) and Catherine (Mrs. Jacob Fries). The children of Isaac and Rebecca (Watkins) Besley were Oliver O., Philo W., George N., Clayton O., Polly (Mrs. Elnathan McClelland),. Ada (Mrs. Albert Campbell), Esther A. (Mrs. William II. McClelland). OliA'er O., the father of our subject, was born in Columbia township, and died there ; he cleared several farms, and Avas also a dealer in stock; his wife was a daughter of George and Leefe (Kennedy) Wolfe, and granddaughter of Michael and Elizabeth (Furman) Wolfe, who settled in Columbia township in 1813. Oliver O. and Susan (Wolfe) Beslev became the parents of seven children, of whom three grew to maturity : William W., George D. and Isaac. William W. Besley was reared in Columbia toAvnship, Avhere he has ahvays resided, and since attaining his majority has been engaged in business for himself as a farmer and stock dealer. He married June 3, 1886, Hiza, daughter of AndreAv Fraley,of Springfield township, and has one son, Frank. Mr. Besley is one of the prominent and enterprising citizens of Columbia township, and in politics he is a Democrat. FRANCIS EUGENE BESSEY, pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Rome, Avas born in Monroeton, this county, November 22, 1850, and is the son of George and Amanda (Staples) Bessey, the former of Avhom was a farmer and lumberman, a native of New York, artd the latter a natiA'e of Connecticut, both members of the Methodist Epis copal Church ; their family consisted of three children : Albert, a machinist ; Herman, superintendent of schools at Delaware, and Francis Eugene. The father came to this county about the year 1846, and resided here until his death in 1866 ; the mother died one year before him in Fairfax county, Ya., aged fifty. The boyhood of our subject up to his twelfth year Avas spent in Monroeton township, where he attended the public schools; then removed vvith his mother to Washington, D. O, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 633 and studied in Columbia University three years, after which he entered the Crazer Theological Seminary, and Avas graduated in May, 1876. Then went to Union, N. Y., Avhere he remained about two years, after Avhich he removed to Hancock, N. Y., av hence after fouryears he came to Rome Avhere he has since remained. Mr. Bessey was united in mar riage, April 17, 1888, with Sophronie R., daughter of Hiram and Jane (Ridgeway) Woodburn, of Rome township, this county. Mr. Bessey's prpsent charge includes Rome andOrAvell. As a minister he has been very successful in winning the love and esteem of his congregation Avhere he has been. He is a member of the International Fraternal Alliance, of Baltimore, Md., and in his political views was formerly a Republican, but now leans strongly toward the Prohibition party. JEROME E. BEST, merchant^ South Warren, is a native of Potter county, Pa., born September 3, 1861, and is a son of William and Elizabeth (Epley)Best, natiAres of New York, farmers, born of German extraction ; the father died in 1863 ; the mother is a resident of War ren Centre. They were the parents of five children, of whom Jerome E., the fourth in the order of birth, was reared in Jackson Valley, Susquehanna Co., Pa., Avhere he received his education, but was more at work than in the school books, and when old enough he was apprenticed and learned the blacksmith's trade, but in time he quit the anvil and commenced merchandising in South Warren, which he has carried on very successfully, and now has the only store in that part of the county, keeping a general assortment suitable to the surrounding country trade, and a full and general assortment for all his custom. He Avas married in LeRaysville in 1884, to Abbie Currier, daughter of David and Jane (Gamble) Currier, natives of this State, and of English and Irish descent. To Mr. and Mrs. Best Avere born two children : Maud and Lorena. Mr. Best is a Republican in politics, and is recognized as one of the eminently respectable citizens of Bradford county. JOHN A. BILES is a farmer and teacher, of Wyalusing township, P. O. Hornet's Ferry. The family from Avhich this gentleman is descended has occupied a prominent position in the pioneer history of the State, as well as of Bradford county. The names first sprang into notice in 1678 or 1679, two brothers, William and Charles, coming from Dorchester. England, and settling in Bucks countv. The elder brother, William, was an extensive land holder there, and occupied a prominent position in early Colonial times; he brought Avith him his wife and a family of seven children, and two servants, settling close to the falls of the Delaware. He purchased a large plantation from William Penn, also an island in the Delaware river, of the Indians, the deed being confirmed to him March 19, 1729. He was elected to the council of Philadelphia in the spring of 1682, and his name is also found among the signatures of the Great Charter. The first meeting of the Friends in that county was held May 2, 1683, at his house, which was con structed of brick, imported from England. He died in 1710, and was succeeded by his son William. The family have occupied prominent positions in different sections of the State. Henry Biles was a native of Trenton, N. J., but Avhile a young 634 HISTORY OF- BRADFORD COUNTY. man he immigrated to Smithfield township, Monroe Co., Pa., and then, in his old age, about the year 1812, removed to the A'icinity of Pitts burg where he died about 1820, aged about seventy years. He married Phebe Patterson, and had a family of seven children, viz.: John, Charles, William, Robert and Henry (twins), Alexander (grandfather of subject) and Benjamin. He Avas married (the second time) to Miss Broadhead, by. whom he had two children, Polly and Betsey. Of the sons: John and Charles followed surveying; William became a lawyer ; Robert a farmer ; Henry Avas a cripple, and Alexander was a printer. Alexander, the grandfather, was born October 28, 1783, married Roseanna Place, September 14, 1801, and died March 28, 1855 ; they had the following children : John, born January 2, 1802, married to Sallie Bramhall, February 13, 1825, and died February 6, 1880 ; Eleanor, born April 28, 1805, married to Jacob Strunk, January 17, 1823, and died May 22, 1878; Phebe, born February 27, 1807, married to Chandler'T. Baldwin, September 12, 1830, and died July 10, 1831; Samuel W., born January 19, 1809, married to Matilda Jane Ennis, February 13, 1834, died May 1, 1859 ; James A., born November 22, 1810, married to Lizzie VanNoy, March 8, 1836, died November 6, 1877; Charles, born October 11, 1812, married to Jane VanNov, April 24, 1838, a resident of Wyalusing ; Polly, born April 27, 1814, married September 12, 1833, to Chandler T. Baldwin, the husband of her deceased sister Phebe, died February 19, 1856; Jacob P. (father of subject), born January 29, 1816, married to Mary Bunnell, August 15, 1839, died April 25, 1890 ; Rebecca, born April 19, 1818, married to James Depew, February 5, 1844, died May 9, 1857; Elizabeth and Alexander (tAvins), born February 8, 1820, died in infancy ; Georgg, born July 20, 1821, married to Almedia Camp, December 12, 1843, died April 16, 1869 ; Lewis, born June 19, 1823, married to Catherine VanNoy, January 29, 1850, resides in Wyalusing ; Betsey, born May 23, 1826, married to Calvin Camp, May 12, 1847, live at Camptown. Samuel W. Biles had eleven children, all of whom died in early life ; two only were married and left children. Mrs. Rebecca Depew has no descendants in the county. George Biles had eleven children, all of whom are deceased except one, George, who lives in Meshoppen. Jacob P. Biles, father, of our subject, had the following children : Helen M., born January 11, 1844, married to Allen Hover, May 15, 1873 ; James M., born September 3, 1845, married to Millie Wilson, August 7, 1870; Aaron, born September 10, 1847, died October 11, 1862 ; Mary, born December 16, 1849, died November 7, 1862 ; Sarah, born May 10, 1851, died May 7, 1853 ; Emily A., born May 14, 1853, died March 17, 1872; Anna*E., born October 31, 1855, died March 15, 1870; John A. and Jacob M. (twins), born February 16, 1858 ; Jacob married to Ida M. Quick, November 29, 1882, and is now a physician at Meshoppen. Jacob P. Biles, the father, was captain for three years, from September 17, 1842 to 1845, in the Union Light Infantry, Fourth Volunteer Battalion, Second Brigade, Ninth Division of Pennsylvania Militia. John A. Biles married Sarah E. Kerrick, of Asylum, October 21,1884; Martin L.,born November 28, 1860. died May 1, 1884; Elmore L., born August 17, 1863, died June 13, 1885 ; Albert S., born HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 635 July 25, 1866, died April 23, 1872. Mr. Biles is the father of the following children: Elmore II., born June 15, 1885; Frank V., born August 1, 1887, and Clarence E., born December 9, 1889. The father of subject was an extensive land owner, and one of the best farmers of the county ; a Christian gentleman, and at one time Avas connected with the Methodist Episcopal Church, but seA'ered his connection on account of some church quarrel, and never again united with any church. His farm was one of the neatest in the neighborhood, noted for fine farms. Although a man of limited education, he was a great reader, and kept thoroughly posted on all the leading questions of the day. He resided on the old homestead, now occupied by his son, from 1839 until his death, and reared a family of tAvelve children, eight of whom are dead, and four still living have become successful men and women. John A. Biles was born and reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools, at Keystone Academy, and at the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, having graduated from the latter in 1889. He has followed teaching part of the time during the past ten years ; is also a practical surveyor, and follows that, to a considerable extent ; is a farmer and OAvns about seventy acres of the old homestead, having always lived there, with the exception of from November, 1887, to May, 1890. He is a member of the Baptist Church of Camptown, of the Patrons of Industry, and is a Republican, taking active part in politics, but seeking no political emoluments. CHARLES BILES, farmer, of Wyalusing township, P. O. Hornet's Ferry. This gentleman, who is one of the pioneers of his section, was born in what is now Monroe (then Northampton) county, Pa., October 11, 1812, a son of Alexander P. and Rosanna (Place) Biles. His parents had a family of fifteen children, of whom three are now living, he being the eldest of the three; Lewis is a farmer, and Betsie married Calvin Camp, whom she survives, and now resides at Camptown. Our subject came to this county with his parents Avhen twelve years old, and for a short period resided on Vaughn hill, on the farm now oAvned by S. S. Butts ; from there they removed to Frenchtown, and there remained four years ; then for three or four years they made their home on the premises now OAvned by George Homet, at Hornet's Ferry, and then removed to the farm where Lewis Biles now lives, where they passed the rest of their days. This section was a wilderness at that time, and amid such surroundings young Charles was reared, having but poor facilities for acquiring an educa tion. Leaving home when about twenty-one years of age, he built a small house on a clearing, where his present residence now stands, and started for himself, spending the next ten years in clearing the land and fitting it for cultiAration. He leased a sawmill, and for one year was engaged in sawing lumber and rafting the same down the Susque hanna. After undergoing the usual hardships of the early pioneer, and perhaps farmore than his share,he at last developed a farm of eighty- four acres, as fine as the county affords, and, having secured a comfort able competence, retired from active business, and, under the care of his daughter Emma, is prepared to pass his declining years in comfort. He Avas united in marriage April 24, 1838, with Jane Van Noy, daugh- 636 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ter of Peter VanNoy, of Sussex county, N. J., and this union Avas blest with six children, viz.: Adelia, married to N. A. Fuller, Eliza beth (deceased), Lindly (deceased), Peter A., Emma V., and Delphine, married to J. M. Irvine. . His wife died in 1877, since Avhich time his daughter Emma has cared for him. Mr. Biles has been a life-long Demo crat, an earnest worker for his party, but never a place seeker; his life has been one of hard and continuous toil, starting in life with no resources but good health and an earnest desire to succeed, he has secured a comfortable home and a fortune ample for his needs. P. A. BILES, farmer and stock grower, of Wyalusing township, P. O. Hornet's Ferry, was born on the farm where he now resides, June 12, 1850, a son of Charles Biles. He was born and reared on the farm and attended the common schools of the neighborhood until attaining his majority. Mr. Biles was married, March 26, 1872, to Margaret, daughter of Andrew and Margaret (Bush) Wilson, of Wya lusing township, and to them have been born three children, viz.: Lizzie, Charles and Scott. Politically Mr. Biles is a Democrat, and now fills the oflice of school director. He has always resided on the farm and been a successful business man. ALONZO A. BISHOP, Wysox, is a descendant of one of the pioneer families of this county. His father was Elihu Bishop, a tanner, who settled in Wysox township in 1803, and established a tannery on his place. The mother, of our subject Avas Mary (Sweetlan) Bishop ; both parents were of Connecticut ; they had a family of four children. The father returned to Troy, N. Y., after a short residence, but soon went back to Wysox, Avhere he died in 1857. Alonzo A., who is the youngest and only surviving member of their family, was born in Wysox township, this county, February 29, 1808, and attended school in the old frame church ; he operated a tannery and made shoes, and Avas thus engaged fifty-five years. He was noted for his integrity and honesty as a workman, and his products always found a ready sale at home, from those who knew him best. Mr. Bishop has farmed, for some years, a portion of his land, Avhich he paid $102 per acre for, and during the Civil War he Avas offered $200 for it, and refused the offer Avhich was, possibly, all it was Avorth ; but the old homestead was not parted with* and here he has spent over fifty years of his long life. He has retired from active labor, and, in the gentle evening of his life, feels more and more attached to the dear old home. He was married in Wysox, one bright Sabbath day, in March, 1830, to Eveline B., daughter of Shepard and Sarah (Coolbaugh) Pierce, natives of Pennsylvania, of German and English descent, who came to Brad ford county in 1806, and settled in Wysox, where he took up four hundred acres of valuable land, and, for many years, was the most extensive farmer in this community. Mr. and Mrs. Bishop have spent many years of their lives in Wysox, where they reared a family of seven children. Alfred S., the eldest, was born August 26, 1831, and is now a resident of the " Sunny South," Avhere he was Avhen the Civil War broke out; and if his father, who is a Republican, could have seen the name of Alfred S. Bishop on the Confederate roll, he would have felt that his boy was lost. The next, Frances M., born January 23, 1833, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 637 married Durius Williams, both deceased in 1880. Edward R., born September 18, 1835, is superintendent of the home farm, and is unmarried ; he attended the district school and Williamsport College ; is aotive in local politics, and has held most of the offices in Wysox ; served as collector for tAventy years in Wysox toAvnship, is a Republi can, a Mason, and a member af the Grange, and is well informed.and a diligent reader. Elizabeth S., born May 14, 1837, is the wife of Jesse R. Smith. Mary, deceased, was born December 5, 1838, and became the Avife of Robert Austin ; her death occurred in 1862. Joseph W. Avas born April 28, 1840, and is in the employment of the Lehigh A" alley R. R. Co. Shepard E., the youngest, was born August 21, 1846. Mrs. Bishop is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Bishop served tAventy years as a member of the school board in Wysox; was a drummer and bugle major in the rifle company there many years. JOSEPH W. BISHOP, chief clerk, general office of the L. Y. R. R., Sayre, is a native of Wysox township, this county, born April 28, 1840, and is a son of Alonzo and Evaline (Pierce) Bishop, the former from Connecticut and the latter born in Bradford county. The father Avas a mechanic, and operated a tannery in Wysox toAvnship, where the son grew to his majority and had the advantages of the public schools. He Avas also a student in the Collegiate Institute, ToAvanda. In 1867 he Avas employed by the L. V. R. R. Company, and Avas Avith the corps of engineers in the construction thereof, and until it was built, Avhen he became the Towanda station agent. He was soon, however, transferred to the superintendent's office, Towanda, where he remained from 1871 to 1876, Avhen the general offices of the com pany Avere transferred to their present place, Sayre, and he came with them and continued in the same service. Joseph W. Bishop and Mary II. Wells were joined in marriage at Meshoppen, Wyoming county, in 1S72. She is a daughter of Dr. Nathan and Mary (Horton) "Wells, the former of Avhom was born in Orange county, N. Y., and died in July, 1886 ; the latter, a native of this county, survives. In their family there were three daughters and one son, Mrs. Bishop being next the youngest, born October .31, 1850. Mr. and Mrs. Joseph W. Bishop have had children as folloAvs: Louise W., Katherine W, Nathan Wells (deceased), and Howard Elmer. Mrs. Bishop is a mem ber of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Bishop is a member of the K. of P. and ofthe Iron Hall, and is a member of the Democratic party. The family are widely knoAvn and highly respected. G. M. BIXBY (deceased) Avas, during life, one of Wyalusing's most successful and highly respected business men. He was born in Campbell, Steuben Co., N. Y., October 30, 1S20, a son of Solomon and Lucy (French) Bixby. the former of whom Avas a native of Con necticut, and by trade a shoemaker, died in Steuben county, N. Y"., May 7, 1843. His family comprised six children, of Avhom G. M. is the only one that ever lived in Bradford oounty. The father, after the death of his first wife, married a second time, and G. M. Bixby then went to live with his uncle, a hardware merchant of Rochester, N. Y.; he Avas educated in the public schools of that city, and, after finishing his schooling, became a clerk in his uncle's store, where he remained a 638 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. few years, and then entered the hardware business for himself, in Rochester, N. Y., where he remained until 1853, Avhen he sold, and removed to Wyalusing, and conducted a general store and lumber business for C. F. Welles. After a few years he embarked in business for himself here, conducting a general store, and dealing extensively in lumber; then, in January, 1876, he opened the first and only bank at Wyalusing, conducting the same until his death, July 26, 1880. He hail acquired extensive real estate interests in Wyalusing and adjoin ing townships, as well as several valuable pieces of property in the borough. Starting in life a poor boy, Avithout aid he accumulated a fortune, being eminently successful, and was renoAvned for his exact ness and scrupulous honesty. Socially, he was loved and honored by all. Mr. Bixby was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and an earnest worker, Avas Sunday-school superintendent many years, and was always a- liberal contributor to all benevolent or religious enter prises. v His death left a void that Avas difficult to fill. He was united in marriage, September 15, 1874, Avith Clara Dunklee. and to them were born two children : Robert M., born March 14, 1876 — a student at Miller's School of Commerce, Elmira; and Bradford II., born October 14, 1879. After her husband's death, Mrs. Bixby assumed the management of his large estate, which she has conducted with consummate skill and judgment; she is a member of and an earnest worker in the Baptist Church of Wyalusing. HARRISON BLACK, farmer and stock grower, of Wyalusing township, .P. O. Wyalusing, Avas born in Wyalusing township, this county, December 4, 1825, a son of John Hand Hannah (Ackley) Black. John II. Black Avas born, of Irish parentage, in Wyalusing township, December 28, 1796, and passed his entire life in the town ship where he Ayas a farmer and mill OAvner, clearing a large amount of land and fitting it for cultivation. He died April 2, 1878 ; his wife had died in May, the previous year; of their family of six children three only survive, viz., Harrison, N. A. and Nancy P., Avife of John I. Ingham, architect, of Elmira. Harrison Black attended school at Merryall, and had but limited educational advantages ; his boyhood was passed in the Avoods and in the mills of his father, and Avhen twenty-three years of age he started out for himself as a farmer, which occupation he has folloAved until the present time. In 184(1 he pur chased a farm containing one hundred and twenty-five acres, Avhich he has since added to until he now owns one hundred and ninety acres of land, a large portion of it being covered Avith fine timber. He does a general farm business; his farm is beautifully located and well improved, and stocked Avith Holstein and Jersey cattle, and horses. He was married March 28, 1849, to Henrietta M. Gregory, and they have a family of three sons: C. II., a farmer of Wyalusing, who mar ried Carrie Spencer; G. L., educated at the Wyoming Seminary and now a surveyor and mine superintendent of Wyoming, and John G., a railroadengineer of Rock Springs, Wyoming. Mr. Black has had to depend largely on his oavh resources, and nas long filled a foremost place in the ranks of Bradford county's most successful farmers. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 639 fills the position of trustee ; he is a charter member of Wyalusing Lodge No. 508 ; of the I. O. O. F. at Camptown, has taken all subor dinate degrees, and has passed all the chairs ; in politics he is a Demo crat, and he has filled all the various tOAvn offices, being at present town commissioner. JOHN BLACK, retired farmer, of Pike township, P. O. LeRays ville, was born in Yorkshire, England, December 11, 1813, a son of William and Ann (Spencer) Black, woollen manufacturers. The fam ily came to America in 1819, and on account of the English law forbid ding mechanics to immigrate to America, the father passed himself as a gardener ; he worked at his trade successively in Kingston, Muncy (then called Pennsborough) and Monroeton. In 1830 he purchased the farm on which John now lives, and built what is known as the Haigh Woolen Mill, Avhich he sold to Joseph Haigh and L. L. Stuart in 1846 ; afterward he went to Carroll county, 111., where he and his wife died in 1870. John Black attended the district school in Pike township, also the LeRaysville borough school, and at the age of twenty-five began life for himself by going on a farm one mile east, and in 1857 he bought of his father the homestead where he now lives. Besides attending to his farm he has dealt in real estate in Bradford county, but chiefly in the West. In 1838 he married his first Avife, Harriet, daughter of Dr. Lemuel C. and Lucy Belding, natives of Vermont ; she died in 1847, and in 1848 he married Elizabeth, daughter of Uri and Phoebe (Barber) Cook. They have tAvo children: Harriet E., born May 28, 1849, married to Paul C. Stern, an importer of toys and fancy goods in New York City, and Phoebe A., born September 10, 1853, married to George W. Buck, a real estate agent in Duluth, Minn. In his religious vieAvs Mr. Black is a Swedenborgian, and in politics he is a Republican. Mrs. Black is a member of the Congrega tional Church at Potterville. JOHN H. BLACK, farmer, of Tuscarora township, P. O. Spring Hill, was born on his present home March 20, 1842, and was educated in the common schools and at the Academy at Wyalusing, Pa. He is a son of Davis Dimmock and Lois (Marsh) Black, of New England origin, the former of whom was born in Wyalusing township, this county, March 22, 1808 ; came to Spring Hill in 1830, purchased 106. acres of land (now OAvned by his son John H.), and died June 17, 1878, highly regarded by all who knew him. He was a man of strict business integrity, and a true patriot. He was a son of Joseph Black, who was born in Colchester, Conn., June 24, 1762, and married Alice Wells, Avhose father was a victim of the Wyoming massacre. Joseph Black settled in Wyalusing in 1807, purchased over six hundred acres of land for $37, and at one time owned the only gristmill between Athens and Wilkes-Barre ; he also owned one of the first sawmills in Wyalusing. John H. Black enlisted at Canton, March 30, 1864, in Company G, Second Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Heavy Artillery, and Avas in the following battles : Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Ann River, Cold Harbor, Petersburg and several minor engagements, during which his regiment lost over eight hundred men. On July 12, 1864, he was 640 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. taken sick ahd sent to City Point Hospital, from there to Mount Pleasant Hospital, Washington, D. O; after a time his health had so far improved that he was detailed to do light duty about the hospital, and for six months he had charge of the dead house at Mount Pleasant. He was discharged August 3, 1865, and returned to Spring Hill, where he has since been engaged in business, Avhen his health would permit. On July 4, 1866, Mr. Black was married to Sarah A. Bolles, by whom he had two children : George Melville, born July 7, 1867, died July 1, 1875, and Sarah Blennie, born February 3, 1874. This wife dying February 11, 1874, Mr. Black then married Marietta R., daughter of John F. and Malissa (Elliott) Dodge, of Terrytown. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Spring Hill, and in politics he is a Republican, and a strong advocate of Prohibition. He has been general agent for the Farmers' Mutual Fire Insurance Company thirteen years. and it may be truly said of him that he is a gentleman of high stand ing in the community where he lives, and an earnest supporter of good government and all honest enterprises. N. A. BLACK, retired merchant, Wyalusing, was born on the old Black Homestead at Merryall, this county, December 5, 1835, a son of John H. Black, a native of Exeter, Luzerne county, and Hannah (Ackley) Black, of Bradford county. His father was a farmer Avho passed his life on the old homestead, and had the folio wing children: Harrison, of Wyalusing ; George, deceased ; Benjamin, deceased ; Nancy, married to J. Q. Ingham, of Elmira, and N. A. Our subject was born and reared on a farm, educated in the public schools of Wyalusing, and upon reaching his majority engaged in farming, residing on the old homestead until 1885, when he removed to Hazelton, and for two years was proprietor and operator of a hat factory there ; then embarked in mercantile pursuits, and conducted a produce store until the spring of 1891, when he sold his interests and returned to Wyalusing, purchasing property of L. D. Little, which he improved and made into as comfortable and elegant a home as the borough contains. He enlisted in the service of his country, October 15, 1862, in Company D, One Hundred and Sev enty-first Regiment, P. V. I., and Avas 'discharged August 15, 1863, by expiration of term of service. He served on detached duty, and so escaped the hard battles, but was engaged in several severe skirm ishes during his service, losing his health, and is noAv, in the prime of life, unable to engage in any active occupation. He was united in marriage, June 3, 1861, with Lizzie Billings, daughter of Samuel Billings, of Wyalusing, who was married twice, first to Elizabeth Stork, and Mrs. Black is a child by this marriage. The family wor ship at the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Avhich Mrs. Black is an active member. Mr. Black is a member of Franklin Lodge, No. 263, F. & A. M., and has taken the degree of Master Mason ; he is. identi fied with the Democratic party, yet takes but small interest in politics. GEORGE W. BLACKMA"N"was born in Sheshequin, this county, February 19, 1831, a son of Franklin and Sybil (Beardsley) Blackman. The father was born in Wilkes-Barre, Luzerne Co., Pa., and came to Sheshequin Avith his father, Ichabod Blackman, when three years old, settling at the place known as Blackman's Ferry, opposite the mouth HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 641 of Sugar creek. Six years after the settlement the father of Franklin Blackman Avas drowned near the mouth of Sugar creek. The sons and daughter of Franklin Avere ten in number, the subject of this sketch being the youngest. He received a common-school educa tion, and at the age of nineteen commenced teaching; his first school was taught at Franklindale, and the first pupil that inter viewed him Avas Thomas Ryan, Avho afterAvard became famous as member of Congress from Kansas, and is at this writing Minister to Mexico. He followed teaching for several winters, until 1856, when he married Ada M. Kinney, daughter of Guy Kinney, Esq., and to this union was born one son, Harry L., now of Streator, 111. Mrs. Blackman died in February, 1869, and he married Miss Margaret E. Hillis, daugh ter of Richard Hillis, of Herrick. He held many places of trust in his native town, having been twice elected justice of the peace, three times assessor, and nine years school director, and during the full term of nine years was secretary of the school board ; during his term of office ten new school-houses were erected. In 1873 he was elected district dep uty grand master of the I. O. O. F., and was re-elected for five suc cessive years. When he took charge of the oflice there were eleven Lodges in the county, Avith a membership of eleven hundred ; atthe close of his terms, 1878, there were twenty-seven lodges, with a membership of twenty -four hundred. In 1878 he was nominated and elected pro thonotary, and moved to Towanda, taking charge of the office January 6, 1879 ; he Avas renominated in 1881 without opposition, and elected by an increased majority. Notwithstanding the difficult positions he had held in his native town, but fifty-five votes were cast against him, of a total vote of nearly four hundred. In 1886, by a vacancy in the office of assessor, the county commissioners appointed him to fill the vacancy, and has held the office since by election, Avithout opposition (borough of ToAvanda). He has held the responsible position of treasurer of the Bradford County Agricultural Society for the past five years, and also the first and present treasurer of the Towanda Electric Illuminating Company. He is now following his favorite occupation, that of farm ing, having purchased the valuable home of M. Ward, in the borough of Towanda; he also OAvns the old homestead in his native town, Sheshequin. JOHN BLACKWELL, farmer, P. 0. West Burlington, Avas born April 5, 1823, in Lycoming county, Pa., a son of John and Sarah W. Blackwell, both of Avhom were born in England and removed to America with their parents Avhen children, settling in the English colony on Pine creek, where our subject was born. The grandfather and father were farmers and lumbermen. In 1826 these families removed to Bradford county and located in the wilderness in West Burlington township, being among the first settlers, and experienced all the, privations of pioneer life. John and Sarah Blackwell's family consisted of six children, of Avhom our subject is the fifth. The father was a man of influence in his time, holding public positions until the time of his death, Avhich occurred Avhen he Avasaged seventy-four years. The subject of these lines was reared on the farm, has always been a very industrious and persevering man, and has accumulated a 642 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. fine property, being noAv the owner of a farm of one hundred and seventy-five acres, Avhere he has. a fine dairy, and raises sheep and cattle' quite extensively. He Avas married "April 7, 1847, to Lucy Phelps, of West Burlington, by Avhom he has had six children, as follows: Alfred O, a merchant, married to Emma RockAvell; Delos, a farmer, married to Maryette Mosier ; Willis, of Elmira, N. Y., married to Jennie FarnsAvorth ; George, of Syracuse, N. Y., a salesman, married to Etta Pruyne ; Helen, wife of Dix Ballard, and Isadore, wife of Delos Rockwell. Mr. Blackwell is a staunch Republican as Avas his father, holds the position of assessor, and has occupied several offices of public trust. He is one of the substantial and honored citizens of the town. THOMAS BLACKWELL, farmer, P. 0. Troy, was born January 16, 1816, on Pine creek, near Jersey Shore, Lycoming Co., Pa., and is a son of John and Sarah J. (Wells) Blackwell, and grandson of Thomas Blackwell, all natives of England. His parents settled on Pine creek in pioneer days, first engaged in farming, and for some time kept hotel at Roaring Branch. In 1828 they settled in Burlington toAvn- ship. this county, where the father purchased a farm, and kept adding to it until he had accumulated nearly 500 acres, cleared and improved a large part of it, and died there in 1863, in his seventy-fifth year. His children were: Mary A. (deceased), Thomas, Phebe (Mrs. Abram Moore (deceased), Sarah (Mrs. James McKean), John and Enoch. Of these, Thomas and John own most of the old homestead. Thomas Blackwell lived on the old homestead nearly sixty years, but in 1887 he removed to Troy, Avhere he still resides. In 1841 Mr. Blackwell married Jane, daughter of Hon. Samuel and Julia (McDowell) McKean, of Burlington township, and by her he has had four children : Julia (Mrs. Edward Horton), Sarah (Mrs. Lou Bodien), Ruth and John T. For his second wife he married Irene, daughter of Beull and Samantha (Wilson) Smith, of Canton township, and he has bad by her two children : Dr. Clarence H. and Clara (Mrs. George D. Leonard). Mr. Blackwell is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; politically he is a Republican. A. STRYKER BLAIR, physician and surgeon, Ulster, is a native of Conesville, Schoharie Co., N. Y., born November 20, 1857, a son of Alfred and Charlotte (Allen) Blair, of Scotch descent. His maternal grandfather, John McKenzie, came to this country from Scotland in early Colonial times, but after remaining here a short time returned to Scotland, and upon completing his business there, started to return to this country and was shipwrecked in mid-ocean. Many years passed and his family mourned him as dead ; in the meantime his wife had formed an attachment with another man, and her marriage Avith him Avas about to be consummated, everything was prepared, and the guests invited, when, the night previous to the day setfor the marriage, the long-lost husband returned, bringing with him joy, but sorrow to the expectant bridegroom. The family came from NeAV York to Susque hanna county, Pa., and lived there three years, then removed to Tioga county, N. Y., where he still lives. Stryker received his early educa tion in the country schools, but his parents finding that the oppor tunities Avere not sufficient, sent him to a select school at Newark HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 643 Valley, where he remained several years. He studied medicine and received his medical education at the University Medical College, New York City, graduating in March, 1882, and began the practice of his profession in Susquehanna county, but afterward moved to Ithaca, and from there to Ulster in 1888. As a physician, he has been eminently successful, and while a comparatively young man, has built up a practice of large proportions. On September 5, 1882, he was united in marriage with Lila E. Japhet, daughter of Milo G. and Martha Japhet, the latter of whom is a direct descendant of Gen. Green, of Revolutionary fame. The fruits of this marriage are two children, viz.: L. Blanche and Cecil DeVere. In his early life Mr. Blair identified himself with the Presbyterian Church, and has been an active church worker since, and of which he is an Elder. Mrs. Blair belongs to the same ehurch. In his political views our subject was raised a Democrat, and for aAvhile voted that ticket, but he has now identified himself with the Prohibition party, of which he is a zealous CHARLES D. BLAUVELT, farmer, of Monroe township, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born April 20, 1862, on the farm Avhere he noAv resides, and is the only son of James and Eliza (Ennis) Blauvelt, the former a native of Herkimer county, N. Y., and of German origin, the latter a native of Asylum, Bradford Co., Pa., and of Scotch lineage. The father of our subject was born August 11, 1820, and died December 14, 1888; the mother Avas born July 14, 1827, and is still living Avith him on the old homestead. Charles D. Blauvelt spent his boyhood on the farm, and attended the common school, he completed his education at the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and has always been engaged in farming on the old homestead. Mr. BlauATelt is a Republican in politics, a man of much public spirit and a supporter of every Avorthy enterprise for the benefit of the communitv. LISTON BLISS, of Bliss, Willour & Price, a well-known business firm of Troy, Avas born in LeRoy toAvnship, this county, November 30, 1846, and is a son of Dr. Chester T. and Nancy (Bostwick) Bliss. His paternal grandfather, Zenos Bliss, a native of Connecticut, settled in LeRoy township in 1841, Avhere he engaged in farming and died. The father of our subject, who was the youngest in a family of eight chil dren, was a graduate of a Philadelphia Medical College, and for upward of twenty-five years Avas in the active practice of his profes sion in LeRoy ; he removed to Rochester, N. Y., in 1873, and there died in 1883 ; his children were four in number, viz.: Sarah H. (Mrs. A. S. Hamilton), Theodore F. (an M. D.), Mary I., and Liston. who Avas reared in LeRoy township, was educated in the common schools and at Susquehanna" Collegiate Institute, Towanda. He began life as a clerk in a store at Athens. Pa , in December, 1865, and followed that occupation there until 1866, and in Troy from 1866 to 1880. He then became a member of the firm of Bliss* Willour & Co.; which contin ued up to 1889, Avhen the style was changed to Bliss, Willour & Price. Mr. Bliss Avas married twice, his first wife being Aimee Merrick, of Gaines, Tioga Co., Pa., and his second wife Mrs. H. Brunette Pome roy, of Troy. Mr. Bliss Avas a member of Company C, Thirtieth 644 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Pennsylvania Militia, during the Civil War, served six weeks and Avas honorably discharged in 1863. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and of the G. A. R.; he is a Sir Knight Templar. In politics he is a Republican, and has been burgess and councilman of Troy one term. J. F. BLOCHER, a farmer and produce dealer, Spring Hill, was born in New Preston, Conn., March 12, 1840. Of the Blocher family we glean the following: The great-grandfather of our subject, John Fredrick Blocher, Avas born in Wurtemberg, Germany, March 23, 1731, and married his first wife, Anna Dower, October 14, 1755, and after her death he married Salome Strobal. By the first marriage he had four children, and by the second, five. The grandfather, John Jacob Blocher, Avas the second child by the second marriage, Avas born in Germany, August 14, 1770; married, in 1798, Agnes Dannacker, and their family consisted of six children. Martin, the father of our sub ject, was the second of these children, Avas born in Germany, May 23, 1801, and died in Herrick township, this county, December 28, 1881 ; in 1832 he Avas united in marriage Avith Anna Mary Sulzla, who was born in Germanv, January 13, 1809, and died in Herrick toAvnship, June 11, 1S70. They emigrated to America in 1837, and after a four year's sojourn in Connecticut removed, in 1841, to Herrick ; they had a family of children as folloAvs : Agnes,, born in Germany, May 15, 1834, married Charles Sumner, a prominent farmer of Wyalusing township, this county; William G., born on the ocean, June 14, 1837. enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Forty -first P. V. I., August 27, 1862, and died in Cliffburn Hospital, Washington, October 25, 1862; Jacob Frederick; Mary L., born in Herrick township, this county, June 3, 1842, and married Martin Keeney, a farmer of Lacey- ville, Pa,; Henry M., born in Herrick township, November 7, 1846, a prominent farmer of that township, and a partner in the firm of Fuller & Blocher, owners and proprietors of the Camptown creamery ; George T., born in Herrick, May 23, 1850, a farmer residing on the old homestead in that toAvnship. Our subject was born and reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools, CamptoAvn Academy and Wyoming Seminary. When about eighteen years of age he began teaching, and taught every winter for about ten years, in Bradford and Luzerne counties; also had charge of a graded school near Lanark, 111. In 1857 he began working at the carpenter's trade during the summer, teaching in the Avinter; in 1864 he removed to Illinois, Avhere he taught school and Avorked at his trade. In 1865-66 he attended East man's Business College, Chicago ; then worked at his trade in Chicago one year. In the spring of 1869 he returned to Bradford county, and embarked in mercantile business at Wyalusing under the firm name of Ackley, Lloyd & Blocher, conducting a general store in the build ing uoav occupied by O. L. Dyer; this firm continued until 1878, Avhen they sold to Gaylord, Sumner & Co. He then entered the produce business in Wyalusing, continuing in same until 1888, Avhen the death of his wife's father called him to the farm Avhere he now resides, and since which time has combined farming and dealing in produce. especially avooI and buckwheat flour. He has a beautiful farm of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 645 tAvo hundred acres, with a fine dwelling house, barns and all necessary buildings, his place? together with the improvements, having no supe rior in the county. Mr. Blocher was united in marriage, September 5, 1867, Avith Lucretia A , daughter and only surviA'ing child of Ferris and Emaline (Camp) Ackley, which union has been blessed with five children, as follows: Carrie E., born February 18, 1871 ; Leona A., born April 18,. 1874 ; Ackley E., born December 20, 1879 ; Roy L. Y, born September 2, 1881, and Martin F., born April 15, 1886. The family are members of the Spring Hill Methodist Episcopal Church, of Avhich Mr. Blocher is steAvard and recording secretary. He has for many years given considerable attention to music, and for about twelve* years past has been president of the "Mutual Musical Alli ance," a prominent and flourishing musical society of eastern Bradford and part of Susquehanna and Wyoming counties. In politics he is a Republican, ancfhas filled various toAvn offices; is now assessor, which position he has held for the past three years. Mr. Blocher has long been prominent among the business men of this section, and has a host of friends, and the highest respect of all who know him. CARPENTER J. BLOOM, of Lamkin Bros. & Bloom, prominent dealers in general merchandise, Troy, was born in Canton township, this county, November 10, 1858, and is a son of J. Albert and Mary A. (Hoagland) Bloom. His paternal grandfather, Elisha Bloom, was a native of Germany and a pioneer of Canton township, where he cleared and improved a farm, and resided until his death ; his children were : George, J. Albert, Ann (Mrs. Oakley Lewis), Dolly (Mrs. Charles Hoagland), Dameras (Mrs. George Merchant), and Betsey (Mrs. Isaac Hoagland). Of these J. Albert succeeded to the home stead, a part of which he now occupies ; his first wife was a daughter of Anthony Hoagland, of English birth, a pioneer of Sullivan county, Pa., and by her he had four children : Rose (deceased), Carpenter j., Dora and Etta. By his second wife, Mary (Holcomb) Lewis, Mr. Bloom had three children: Alice, Elisha and Nellie. Our subject was reared in Canton township, and was educated in the public schools of Troy. He began life as a teacher in common and graded schools, and in 1882 located in Troy, where for five years he Avas a clerk in the same general store he has now an interest in. In 1889 he became a member of the firm of Lamkin & Bloom, since when it has been Lamkin Bros. & Bloom. Mr. Bloom was married August 22, 1884, to Emma, daughter of Austin Mitchell, of Troy, and has one child, Earl M. Mr. Bloom is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and of the I. O. O. F. Politically he is a Republican. JOHN J. BOHLAIER, farmer, P. O. Troy, was born in Wurtem- berg, Germany, July 25, 1834, son of John J. and Christianna (Mein- holt) Bohlaier. He was reared and educated in his native country, and in 1854 came to America. He stopped one year in Brooklyn, N. Y., and in 1855 came to Litchfield, this county, where he Avorked as a laborer, and also in Granville. In 1857 he purchased a farm in Gran ville township, a part of which he cleared ; and in the latter pari of the " sixties" he removed to Troy, where he erected a couple of dwell ing houses and resided four years, a part of which time he was street 646 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. commissioner of that borough. He purchased the farm he now occu pies, clearing and improving it, erecting all the buildings on it, and has since added to his possessions until he has now accumulated nearly six hundred acres. Mr. Bohlaier married, in 1858, Elsie A., daughter of John and Polly McClelland, of Columbia township. Mr. Bohlaier, in addition to farming, for a number of years operated a large saAvmill, giving employment to from six to fifteen men annually. He is a sub stantial and successful farmer, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics is a Republican. PATRICK POLAND, a prominent farmer, of Warren township, P. O. Cadis, is a native of County Clare, Ireland, and was born in 1807, a son of Patrick and Hannah (Maloney) Boland, natives of the same place, where they spent their lives, the father dying in 1836, and the mother in 1840 ; they had ten children — seven daughters and three sons — two of the sons coming to this country, Patrick and Michael, latter of Avhom died February 8, 1891, leaving a widow and two sons. Patrick Boland came to America in 1856, direct to Warren township. He had been reared on a farm in Ireland, and became a successful landoAvner and farmer in this county ; he has one hundred and ten acres, an excellent farm, finely impiwed and kept in an excellent state of cultivation. He was married in his native place, in 1841, to Mary Vaughan, daughter of Michael and Winnie (Dugan) Vaughan, the former of whom died in his nati\re place in 1848, and the latter in 1852; they had seven children — six daughters and a son — of whom Mary Avas the eldest, born in 1819. To Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Boland have been born eight children, as ioIIoavs : Nora, Mrs. Edward Moran, of Susquehanna county ; Mary, Avho died August 24, 1888, aged forty years ; Patrick H, a farmer in Warren, married to Nellie Flaherty, and has six children; Bridget, Avho died February 9, 1863, aged twelve years ; Winnie, a resident of Bing hamton, N. Y.; John J., a farmer in Warren, married to Delia Flaherty, they have two children; Catherine (Mrs. Michael Flanagan), of Binghamton, has two children ; Daniel F., at home, who manages the farm. The family are Catholics, and the venerable father is a Democrat in politics. O. M. BONNEY, farmer, of Franklin township, P. O. Franklin dale, Avas born at Eaton, Madison Co., N. Y., April 22, 1838, a son of Orrin and Irene (Warren) Bonney, both of Avhom Avere born in Eaton, N. Y. Orrin was the son of Levi Bonney, a native of New England, and one of the first settlers in Eaton, and who was the father of tvArelve children — seven sons and five daughters. Orrin Bonney always lived in Eaton on part of the old homestead ; he Avas the father of six children — five sons and one daughter — all of whom grew to maturity, four now living. Orrin Bonney was one of the first Aboli tionists in Eaton ; three of his sons served their country's cause in the Civil War. Our subject, who is the fourth in the family, was reared and educated in Eaton at the common school, and always confined himself to farming, at which he succeeded. On December 24, 1859, he married, at Franklin, Miss Emma, daughter of John and Martha (Holcomb) McKee. He returned to Eaton after his marriage, and o HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 647 in 1863 removed to Franklin where he worked two farms ; then moved to Barclay where his family remained untU his return from the army in 1865. He enlisted in 1864 in Company B, Two Hundred and Seventh P. V. I. in which he served until the end of the Avar ; after his discharge he settled in Canton township, on what is known as Beach Flats, and remained until 1877, when he removed to Franklin Avhere he hoav lives on a farm of 100 acres of fertile land, adapted to grain and stock-raising ; he makes a specialty of dairying. Mr. Bonney has one son, C. G., and an adopted daughter, Nellie ; C. G. married Miss Mercy Gamble ; Nellie married Charles Fairbanks. Mr. Bonney is a member of the Grange, and is highlv respected by his neighbors. JOHN, ARTHUR and ZECHARIAH BOSTWICK were brothers Avho came from Cheshire, England, about 1668, and located at Strat ford, Conn. In 1707 John removed to New Milford, being the second settler in that town. The Bostwicks held offices of trust and import ance in their town and county, and their names are still held in high respect on the toAvn records as well as in the memor}T of their descend ants. Dimon Bostwick, who holds a prominent place among the early settlers of Bradford county, was the eldest of four sons of David, the great-grandson of John. He was born in New Milford, where he was reared and educated ; was an admirable surveyor and draughtsman, and Avas versed in mathematics, general literature, history and theology. In the year 1792 he left his home to seek his fortune amid the wilds of Pennsylvania, and coming up the Susquehanna, as far as Bradford county, pitched his tent upon Wyalusing creek ; he very soon went off as surveyor in an exploring party, one of the Pompellys, of Owego, x being of the number. It is said they moved in the direction of the " Lake country " in Central New York, but the exact course and extent is not precisely known, as Mr. Bostwick's note-book, containing much valuable information and notes of survey, was lost ; tradition says. however, that the men staid out on this expedition so many days that their provisions gave out, and that one of the men died of privation and hunger, while the others subsisted for days on boiled nettles with out salt. Mr: Bostwick seems to have had some idea of settling Avhere Owego now is, but abandoned the idea and followed the Susquehanna back to Wyalusing creek, then as far up the creek as what is now Pike township, and built a log house in the wilderness. Most of his time must have been spent in surveying the new coun try, as among the papers which have been found recently in the possession of the Bostwick heirs are maps of surveys, yellow with age. and in some instances worn and partly defaced ; one map seems to be of what are now the counties of Luzerne. Bradford and Susquehanna ; beginning at the Wyalusing creek, it contains 1 6.000 acres of land, and is in Dimon Bostwick's own handwriting, bearing date 1796, and is inscribed upon the back: "This survey encroaches upon no survey or town heretofore granted." The most ancient looking deed, or grant of land, among these old- time relics, is a certificate from the Susquehanna Company to Dimon BostAvick. Elihu Curtis, and the heirs of John Moss, granting them ¦' title and right to Three Thousand Five Hundred Acres of Land, in 648 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. said Company's Purchase, Avhich is located agreeable to the rules of said Company in a Township knoAvn by the name of Millsberry. Dimon Bostwick is entitled to Two Thousand, One Hundred Acres of Land, &c." It bears date November 28, 1796, Athens, signed by David Paine, clerk, witnessed by Lib. E. Page. In the same year (1796) Dimon Bostwick returned to NeAV Milford and married Lois, daughter of David Olmstead, of that place, and a lady of gentle disposition, possessed of much beauty of person and energy of character. They came from Connecticut with an ox team to the Great Bend, and from that place down the river to the mouth of the Wyalusing, and up the creek in a canoe. This worthy couple commenced life within the humble walls of their log house, which stood on the banks of the creek, on what are now the flats belonging to the Bostwick homestead. Benajah Bostwick married Mary, sister of Lois Olmstead, and after several years followed his brother Dimon to the settlement in Pike. He was a man of genial, jovial disposition, and, like his brother, of sterling integrity, and a strong Episcopalian. The brothers worked on peacefully together, Dimon after a time dividing the land, which he had purchased of the Susquehanna Com pany, with his brother. Nothing seems to have daunted the energy, industry and courage of these lion-hearted men who cleared our forests, and formed the township of Pike. Soon after there was a gristmill built, which was a great comfort and help, for Dimon Bostwick and others had carried grain on their shoulders sixty miles to get it ground, walking ou a footpath, and wading the Wyalusing creek several times. In 1802, Dimon BostAvick built a sawmill, and sawed out lumber and built himself a house, comfortable and nice for those times, and moved into it in 1805. This homestead Avas only rebuilt in 1874 by his son Penett. There were born to Dimon and Lois BostAvick nine children: Almira (Mrs. Canfield Stone), Eliza (wife of Rev. Samuel Marks), Julia, Randolph, Penett Marshall, Yalvasa, Esther, Hannah and Sarah (Avife of Rev. George P. Hopkins). Lois Olmstead Bostwick died in her eighty-first year, beloved and reverenced by her children. In 1815, the assessment roll of Pike township, in the handwriting of Dimon Bostwick, contains the honored names of BosAvorth, Bost wick, Bradshaw, Brink, Benham, Stevens, Hancock, Ross, Keeler, Ingham, and many others, including one physician, Dr. Reuben Baker, and one merchant, Salmon Bosworth. The average amount of personal property OAvned at this time by each man seems to have been one horse, one house, and two cows, in most cases also an ox team. Tradition tells us that these men were all fine-looking in face and figure, and also that there Avas a public library in this same town of Pike, in this far-off time. It was called the "Friendship Library," and in the two leaves, yellow with age, which only are left to tell us what they said and what they read, by the old fire places, with the tallow candle's light, there are " The Bye Laws of ye Friendly Library." There was a board of directors, who met once a week, and were ordered " to attend to each Library Day Avhen the books were given out and returned." The Bye-Laws are too long to copy here. The list of books included classics, history, military tactics, philosophy, religion, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 649 Avith here and there a book of poems, or work of romance. One book therein contained must have been very ancient; it is called the "Three Woe Trumpets." In 1814, the Parish of St. Mathew's Church was organized, and the names of the men, mentioned on the old asssess- ment roll, appear on the church charter. We quote the following from Dr. Edward Crandall, a neighbor of Mr. Bostwick and a prominent citizen of Pike township: "Dimon Bostwick died at his residence in Pike township, Bradford Co., Thurs day morning, December 3, 1856, in the eighty-eighth year of his age. The subject of the above demands more than a passing notice at our hands, he being one of the last links connecting the history ofthe first settlement upon the Wyalusing creek. In the year 1792 he left his father's house in New Milford, Conn., to seek for himself in the wilds of the Susquehanna Company's purchase of the State of Connecticut ; and having purchased tAvo shares of land and located them, commenced to heAv out of the dense unbroken forest a home ; with a strong arm and determined will did he encounter the difficulties Avhich surrounded him, and he faltered not until he had obtained Avhat, to the pioneer, was a comfortable home. When the controversy between the Pennsylvania claimants and the Connecticut settlers approached his possessions, there was aroused in him the lion of his nature, and he waged unrelenting opposition to the fraudulent claims of the land speculators. It, how ever, embittered at least forty years of his life, and not until the last three years was the title and dispute fully ended. Warm and ardent in his attachments to his friends and family, he lived out a long life of faithful and devoted usefulness to the community and society in the place where he resided for the last sixty-four years ; the unbending integrity of his character would never yield to speculation of any kind, consequently he abided at home in the midst of his family, and ate only of the products of continued industry and persevering toil. In 1814 he associated himself with others in the organization of St. Mathew's Church, and continued a leading member, unwavering in his faith, a notable example of steady adherence and abiding confidence in the doctrine and creed of the Protestant Episcopal Church until the hour of his death." Mr. Bostwick bequeathed his estate to the two children who remained at the homestead, Penett Marshall and Valvasa . The former rebuilt the old home in 1874; he was unmarried and lived at his birth-place until his death, Avhich occurred April 25, 1891, in the eighty-sixth year of his age. His tAvo sisters now own the Bostwick homestead, Valvasa, and Sarah, wife of Rev. Geo. P. Hopkins, who was born in Philadelphia and is the youngest son of John Hopkins, of that city, formerly of Dublin, Ireland. John Hopkins was the great grandson of Isaac Hopkins, of Coventry, England, Avho married a daughter. of one of the Miss Gunnings of historic beauty. His Avife, who was the mother of Rev. George Hopkins, was Catherine Davenport, the daughter* of Edmund DaATenport, an eminent lawyer of Dublin, Ireland, and of Huguenot descent upon her mother's side. She was a lady of marked Christian life and character, and high culture. Rev. George P. Hopkins now resides at the BostAvick homestead Avith his 650 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. wife, and two daughters, Julia Eliza and Essy. He is at present in charge of the parish of old St. MatheAvs in the township of Pike. WILLIAM BOSTWICK, farmer, of Wysox township, P. O. Wysox, was born in Susquehanna county, Pa., April 1, 1840, a son of Madison and Amanda (Griffis) Bostwick, natives of Connecticut and Pennsyl vania, respectively. In his father's family there were five children, of Avhom he is the third. When he Avas thirteen years of age he went to live Avith William Griffis, at Rummerfield, and when Mr. Griffis was elected sheriff, he lived in Towanda, and remained in the family some time. On August 12, 1862, he enlisted at Rummerfield, in Company I, One Hundred and Forty -first P. V. I., and was discharged on surgeon's certificate of disability, December 29, 1862 ; in 1877 he engaged with R. M. Bostwick in mercantile business at Rummerfield, Avhere he remained five years ; he was two years foreman for the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and in 1883 he purchased his present home Avhere he has since resided and given his attention chiefly to farming. Mr. BostAvick Avas married, October 30, 1873, to 'Esther, daughter of Hiram and Lodoiska (Huyck) Vannest, natives of Pennsylvania ; and of Dutch origin. They have five children, as follows : Amelia Rahm, born February 22, 1875; Elizabeth E., born September 7, 1876; Jennie L., born October 8, 1879 ; William, born December 14, 1881, died September 18, 1882; Esther H, born April 14, 1890. Mr. Bostwick is a member of the G. A. R. Post at Rome ; is a Republican in politics and has been school director in Wysox, and was postmaster at Rum merfield from 1879 until 1882. E. E. BOSWORTH, merchant, Wyalusing township, P. O. Wya lusing, was born in Smithfield township, this county, May 11, 1846, son of Dr. Henry C. and Maria (Bosard) Bosworth, natives of New York. His father was a graduate of the GeneATa Medical College and practiced many years, being remarkably successful, but he gave up the practice of medicine about fifteen years prior to his death, and devoted his attention to mercantile pursuits at Osceola, where he died, December 5, 1870, aged fifty-eight years. Dr. Bosworth had a family of three children : E. E. (our subject) ; U. A., a farmer of Osceola, and C. H, a physician, of Osceola. E. E. passed his boyhood at Osceola where he received an academical education, then entered the University of Geneseo, N. Y., and after two years spent there, returned home and entered the mercantile business, becoming a partner in a hardware store at Osceola in 1870. He remained there until 1877, when he sold out and for two years was engaged in settling accounts and settlement of an estate, still conducting the postoffice there; then, in 1879, he came to Wyalusing and entered the firm of Bosworth, Stone & Company, which purchased the store and stock of H. S. Ackley. This firm began the operating of a general store, also the purchasing of hay, grain and "all kinds of country produce, and dealing in salt, lime, coal, etc. The senior member of .the firm was N. P. Bosworth, uncle of our subject, Avho died August 4, 1886. The firm continued with E. B. Stone, until 1889, when Mr. Stone went out and assumed control of the produce and grain depart ment, and C. R. Stone became a member of the firm. E. B. Stone is HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 051 now head of the firm of E. B. Stone & Co., dealers in hay and grain, of which our subject is also a member; their business, taken collect ively, is the largest in this section ; in their store they carry a large line of groceries and provisions, dry goods, clothing, boot and shoes, grain and seed. The business has increased more than $10,000 per year over what it was when the firm purchased it. Besides his mercantile interests Mr. Bosworth owns two-thirds of the store building and an elegant residence. He was united in marriage, January 7, 1880, with Adelaide Bosard, daughter of Arthur Bosard, a farmer, of Osceola, Pa. They have an adopted child — Catherine. The family Avorship at the Presbyterian Church; he is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, and has taken the degrees of the Scottish Rite, is connected with . Union Lodge, No. 108, ToAvanda, and is a Republican in his political preferments. JAMES W. BOSWORTH, farmer, Pike township, P. O. LeRays ville, was born on his present farm, August 25, 1822, a son of Reed and Amarilla (Peck) Bosworth, natives of Connecticut and of English and Irish descent, respectively. In their family there Avere six chil dren, of whom James W. is the youngest ; the other children being Nelson P., Henry O, Harriet, Susan and Elizabeth P. James W. Bosworth began life for himself at the age of twenty-one, farming and dealing in stock, driving large droATes to Connecticut and southern Pennsylvania, though his trade has been chiefly in the home market. He now owns and superintends one of the finest farms in the county, the nupleus of which was settled by his father in December, 1812. Mr. Bqsworth married Laura, daughter of John and Mary (Harkness) Bird, of Smithfield, this county, where they Avere early settlers, com ing from Yermont. Mr. and Mrs. Bosworth have two children : Martin B., born December 23, 1859, a commission merchant in Trini dad, Col.; and Nelson E., born April 14, 1862, engaged in farming with his father. Mrs. Bosworth died January 1, 1891. Mr. Bosworth is an independent voter, and is pledged to no political party. JASPER P. BOSWORTH is a merchant of LeRaysville, Pike town ship, Avhere he was born, November 5, 1842, a son of John Frank Bosworth, also a native of Pike township, and who was the son of Josiah Bosworth, a native of Connecticut and one of the pioneers to Bradford county. Josiah Bosworth was a son of Joseph Bosworth, an Englishman. Josiah and his brothers came to Pike township about 1798, settling three miles south of LeRaysville, and in a little while Josiah opened his log tavern called the " Half-Way House," because it was about half-Avay between ToAvanda and Montrose ; he conducted this noted early-day hostelry many years, carrying on at the same time his large farm. In the 1812-15 Avar with England, Josiah Bosworth raised a company of men to go to the front. They organized, making him captain, and embarked and went doAvn the river to Danville, Avhen the end of the war was announced, and " Johnny came marching home." Josiah Bosworth, Avho was one of thirteen children, was born in Litchfield, Conn., November 25, 1779, and died at the old family home, September 22, 1858, aged seventy-nine years. His family consisted of thirteen children, eleven of whom grew to maturity. His 652 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. grandson, J. A. Bosworth, now resides on the old homestead ; James BosAvorth, a nephew of Josiah, lives three miles south of LeRaysville. An episode in J osiah's pioneer life is related : On one occasion, on his return from church through the woods, he espied a bear, gave chase and treed him ; in order to keep him from coming down, Avhile he went for his gun, Avas a problem he settled by tying his shirt around the tree; so Bruin had to patiently wait until Josiah's return, who then dispatched him, and that bear's skin was a family trophy as well as a good winter cover until there was little or no fur left on it. John. F. Bosworth opened the first drug store in LeRaysville, and also the first hardware store, in course of time associating in his business his son, Jasper P. Bosworth. They sold the drug store and grocery business in 1874, when John F. Bosworth retired from active business life : he died December 10, 1889. His strong characteristics during along and busy life were high integrity, a sleepless energy and a physical endurance that never tired or became worn out. At the age of seventy-five, he was elected collector, and was the first incumbent in that office after the constitutional change in the law for collection of taxes — a trying position for even a young man, but he filled it promptly and ably. He bad received a common-school education, and learned the harness, trunk and saddle-maker's trade, and followed the latter at LeRaysville, also carrying on the tannery store until 1853, when he opened a harness store in Waverly, when he was burned out in the great fire there. He opened his drug store in LeRaysville in 1863, under the firm name of J. F. Bosworth & Son. His partner in the hardware store was James Gorham, and this was carried on three years, Avhen Mr. Bosworth sold his interest to LeRoy Coleman. His wife was Ruth Ann Perkins, and they have had seven children, as follows: George and Elbert (both died young) ; Lucilla (Mrs. Stephen C. Carpenter) ; Jasper P. ; Amie (Mrs.* Dr. R. S. Harnden, of Waverly, N. Y.) ; Sarah (wife of C. F. Chaffee, druggist, Waverly, N. Y.) and Dellie (Mrs. Dr. R. J. McCready, Allegheny City, Pa.). The subject of this sketch, Jasper P. Bosworth, was educated in the common schools, finishing at the Waverly Institute. For a short time thereafter he clerked ; then entered his father's store as a partner, and when they sold out in 1875, he purchased his deceased father-in-law's interest in the firm of Gray & Lyon, changing to the present style of firm in the general store of Bosworth & Lyon. Mr. Bosworth is regarded as one of the prominent and leading men of this part of the county. In 1869, he was united in marriage with Anna A. Gray, eldest daughter of Cyrus W. and Dollis H. (Everett) Gray, and the fruits of this marriage are three children, viz. : Winifred, Avho died in infancy, Marjorie Lee, born in 1885, and Charles Herman, born in 1888. The family worship at the Congregational Church, of which Mr. Bosworth is treasurer. He is past master in the Masonic Fraternity, and is a member of LeRay Lodge, No. 417, A. Y. M.; is treasurer of LeRays ville Assembly, No. 213 ; treasurer of the school board, and Avas secretary ofthe same three years ; Avas borough auditor three years. J. ALONZO BOSWORTH, farmer, Pike toAvnship, was born on the farm where he now resides, November 13, 1836, and is the eldest HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 653 in a family of eight children of J. K. and Mary A. (Codding) Bos- Avorth. His grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. Josiah BosAvorth, came from Connecticut .in 1798, and settled on the farm where he now lives, which was then a dense wilderness; the grandfather built the barn in 1803, Avhich is still standing on the old homestead, and the house in 1817, making all the nails by hand, and bringing the iron from Wilkes-Barre on horseback. Josiah Bosworth was a maD of much military ability, and an officer in the War of 1812. The subject of this chapter spent his boyhood on the farm, until he reached the age of twenty-five. August 13, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I.; during the battle of Chancellors ville he saved the old flag, and carried it from the field after four men had been shot down with it, for which act of gallant bravery he was presented with a cross as a token of such rare and sterling hero ism. At Gettysburg he received a wound in the right leg, Avhich disabled him for a time from active service ; but as soon as able he returned to his regiment ; he lay wounded on the field nearly forty- eight hours without food or drink. Beside the battles mentioned he was in Fredericksburg and many other important engagements, and fought with unusual bravery, until his regiment was mustered out, when he returned to his farm in Pike township, where he has since been engaged in farming. Mr. BosAvorth was married February 13, 1866, to Miss Lillian A., daughter of George and Susana (Scott) Lacey, and they have had four children. Mr. Bosworth is a member of the G. A. R. Post at LeRaysville, in which he takes a very active part, and is a strong -Republican. LEWIS ALBA BOSWORTH, farmer, of Pike township, P. O. LeRaysville, was born at Stevensville, this county, May 30, 1835, a son of Lewis Luckey and Sarah A. (Hancock) Bosworth, natives of Pike township ; the former is of Irish and New England descent, and the latter of Dutch and New England. The father was a farmer and later a merchant at Stevensville, and from 1846 to 1886 lived at LeRaysville ; was appointed postmaster during Lincoln's administration and held the position for twenty years; in his family were three children : LeAvis Alba, Sarah Catherine (married to E. T. E. Becker, a lawyer at Mt. Carroll, 111.), and Martha Arabella (married to E. M. Bailey, a merchant and manufacturer, of LeRaysville). Lewis Alba has lived on the farm, which he now owns, since he was six years old, and Avas educated in LeRaysville and Holland Patent academies. He began life for himself at the age of twenty-five, and in 1870 purchased the homestead of his father. He enlisted at Harrisburg, September 1, 1864, in Company E, Twelfth Pennsylvania Cavalry ; was in the Engineer Corps on coast survey, and was mustered out at Washington, June 5, 1865 ; then resumed farming, which he has since followed. Mr. BosAvorth was married November 27, 1866, to Miss Elbertine L., daughter of Jesse and Louisa (Gerould) Sumner, of Smithfield, natives of Bradford county. This union has been blessed with six sons : Jesse Lewis, Harry Alba, Guy Sumner, Hugh, Ray Luckey (deceased) and Arthur. Mr. Bosworth is a member of Spalding Post, G. A. R., No. 33. 654 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COL'NTY. JAMES L. BOTHWELL, insurance agent and coal dealer, Troy, was born in Troy township, this county, November 29, 1830, a son of James A. and Phebe (Blackwell) Both well, and is of English and Scotch- Irish descent. His father was a native of Granville, Washington Co,, N. Y., a son of Lebbens and Nancy (Smith) Both well. His grand mother, Nancy Both well, married, for her second husband, Samuel Rockwell, and came to Bradford county about 1818; the issue of this union Avas one son, Lewis. By her first marriage she had five children: Alexander, James, Justin, Nancy (Mrs. W. S. Dobbins) and Mary (Mrs. Ephraim Case), of whom James Both well, born in 1806, father of subject, was reared in Bradford county from twelve years of age. On attaining his majority he engaged in farming in Troy township; later remoAred to Canton township, and cleared and improved the farm on which he resided fifty years; his Avife was a daughter of Thomas Blackwell, anative of England, avIio died in Burlington township, this county, and by her he had six children : James L., Thomas B., Nancy (Mrs. George Foss), Sarah (Mrs. D. B. Crandall), Lucy (Mrs. C. C. Paine) and Harriet (Mrs. J. W. Warren). James L. Bothwell was reared in Canton township, and educated in the common schools. He cleared and improved a farm in that township on which he resided up to 1870, Avhen he removed to Canton borough, and for six years was employed at bridge building for the N. C. R. R. Company, then was engaged in draying up to 1885, Avben he removed to Troy, and embarked in the coal business in which he still continues; he has also conducted an insurance business since 1889. In 1852 Mr. BothAvell married Sally, daughter of James and Caroline (Gilmore) Warren, of Canton toAvn- ship, formerly of England, and the issue of this union was three children: Helen (Mrs. G. F. Krise), Mary (Mrs. Morgan Baldwin) and Fred (deceased). In 1888 Mr. Bothwell married (the second time) Sarah, daughter bf Stephen Stiles, of Burlington township, by whom he has one daughter, Phoebe T. Mr. BothAvell is a member of the Disciple Cnurch and of the I. 0. 0. F. Politically he is a Democrat. LYMAN C. BOUGHTON, farmer, of South Creek township, P. O. Gillett, was born in Columbia township, this county, February 22, 1837, and is a son of Daniel and Maria (Bailey) Boughton, the former of whom was born near Wellsburg, N. Y., the latter being a native of England. Daniel Boughton was born in 1810, and is noAv eighty-one "years of age; he came to this county about 1825, locating in Colum bia township, where he purchased a farm of 100 acres of unimproved land, on Avhich he built, and cultivated fifty acres of it; he sold this farm, and moved to South Creek toAvnship, on what is now known as " East Hill," Avhere he bought a farm of 100 acres, six acres of which he cleared and improved by hard labor; after selling this to advantage, he moved to Gillett, where he possessed himself of another farm in need of improvement, which, by his continual and intelligent skill, has become one of the finest in the neighborhood, consisting of 112 acres of fertile land, all under good cultivation. Daniel Boughton, after a long and useful life of eighty-one years, and sixty years of hard and incessant labor to subdue the wilderness, has accomplished his task and thus far the forest has yielded to his ax, and the earth to his ploAv. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 655 He is noAv retired from active life, and is living Avith his sons ; his fam ily consisted of five' sons and five daughters, nine of whom grew to maturity, and eight are now living. Lyman C. Boughton was reared and educated in South Creek toAvnship, and has always confined him self to farming, like his father ; at the age of twenty-four years, he enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and Seventy -first P. V. 1., served nine months and was honorably discharged ; in 1863 he again enlisted, this time in the Twelfth N. Y. I. B., serving to the close of the war, at Avhich time he was honorably discharged. On September 4, 1869, he married Miss Cornelia Adams, of Columbia, and by this union there have been five children born to them, all yet living, viz.: Nina, Gracie, Arthur, Earnest and Blanche. Mr. Boughton is an extensive farmer, having a fine farm of 165 acres, his principal crop being hay; he also carries on dairying and general farming. He has lived on "his present farm since 1865 ; has held the oflice of school director, and is a member of the G. A. R. Mrs. Boughton is a mem ber of the Baptist Church. DANVERS BOURNE, lumberman and farmer, P.O. Burlington, Avas born in Richmond, Cheshire Co., N. H., February 15, 1817, a son of Hosea and Amy (Martin) Bourne, the former of whom Avas a son of Stephen and Sylvia (Bump), and the latter a daughter of Wilderness Martin,, who was the first white male child born in the aboA^e* named toAvn, both families being of English, ancestry. The paternal great grandfather of our subject Avas an Englishman and a sea captain. Hosea Bourne Avas born in 1796 in New Hampshire, Avas a farmer by occupation and in 1831 removed to Otsego county, N. Y., where his family of five ohildren were reared. Dan vers Bourne came to Brad ford county in 1837, and engaged in teaching school, at Avhich he con tinued twelve years. In 1849 he purchased a large tract of land in West Burlington township, where he has since been extensively engaged in the lumbering business and farming ; he manufactures lumber, shingles and lath, and has a fine planing and grist mill and a farm of over two hundred and thirty acres of prime land. Mr. Bourne Avas married NoA'ember 8, 1842, to Marilda Riggs, of New Jersey, who died September 2, 1888, and he has three children living, as follows : Hester B., widow of C. W. Smith ; Ophelia M., wife of Clarence E. Brigham, and Ellery L., married to Sophia Spencer ; he is a partner in his father's business, and is in reality manager. Mr. Bourne is a Re publican, was nine years commissioner of the town, and one term auditor of the county. He is an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, as Avas also his Avife, and has been superintendent of the Sunday-school tAventy-one years, also an officer of the church since his connection with the same. He is much respected by the community and a wide circle of friends. ANSON H. BOWEN, farmer, of Warren township, P. O. Warren Centre, is a native of Warren township, this county, born June 25, 1848, a son of William Clark and Angelina P. (Corbin) BoAven, Penn- sylvanians, also born in Warren toAvnship. William C. Avas a son of William and Abagail (Case) BoAven, natives of Massachusetts and of English descent, farmers Avho migrated to America in the early days, 656 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and located in Warren township, where the father of William C. died in 1852, and the mother in 1851; they had ten children, of whom Wil liam C. is the fourth. He commenced life when a young man as a blacksmith, and this and farming he followed during life, he having purchased the old family homestead. He was married in 1844 to Angelina P. Corbin, daughter of Penwell Corbin. Mr. and Mrs. Wil liam Clark Bowen make their home with their son, Anson H. They had born to them four children, as follows : Abbie A. (Mrs. Burr Decker), of Binghamton; Anson H.; Sarah M. (Mrs. Lafayette Dick enson), who died in 1872; William O, who died in 1876. The subject proper of this sketch, who was reared and educated in Warren town ship, OAvns the old family homestead, inheriting part and adding thereto ; it contains one hundred and forty-five acres, is handsomely stocked with improved breeds of horses and cattle, and of the latter has some fine Holsteins. Mr. Bowen was married in Warren town ship, in 1871, to Cornelia, daughter of Edward and Louisa (White head) Stephens, natives of Vermont, of English stock ; (their family comprised ten children, all daughters, of whom Cornelia was the eighth). To Mr. and Mrs. Bowen Avere born three children, as follows: Archie B., Angie L. and Merton E. Mr. Bowen is a Demo crat, and has filled the office of toAvn clerk. BRAINERD BOWEN, tanner, Troy, was born in Pittsford, Rut land Co.,Vt., November 21, 1823, a son of Laban and Esther (Crippen) Bowen, natives of Rhode Island and Vermont, respectively, of Welsh and Scotch descent, and Avho settled in Troy township, this county, in 1833, locating on what is now known as the Keyon farm; this his father cleared and improved, and resided thereon until 1843, when he removed to Troy village, and purchased the "Trojan Tannery," which he conducted until his death in 1849 ; his children were four in number : Brainerd, Lucy J. (Mrs. James Ballard) , Mary A. (Mrs. Rev. William J. Reed) and Annette (Mrs. John Creque). Our subject was reared in Troy from eight years of age, and received a common-school education, he learned the tanner's trade with his father, and in 1851 became part proprietor of the " Trojan Tannery " with which he has since been connected, alone and with others, and also has an interest in a tannery at Lansboro, Susquehanna Co., Pa., since 1889. Mr. Bowen has been thrice married ; his first Avife was Harriet Bird, of Potter countv, Pa. ; his second wife was Emeline Tracy, of Smithfield, and his third wife Avas Harriet, daughter of John Birchard, of Susquehanna county, and by her he has two children : Mary and Nettie. Mr. Bowen is a member of the Presbyterian Church ; he has always taken an active interest in the welfare of Troy, and in politics he is a Republican. GEORGE A. BOWEN, proprietor of creamery, P. O. Herrick, was born in Susquehanna county, Pa., March 3, 1859 ; his father, Robert S. Bowen, Avas born in Warren township, Bradford county, July 13, 1832 ; his grandfather, Abner Bowen, a native of Rhode Island, came with his father, James Bowen. to this county sometime previous to 1800, being the first settlers in Warren township; BoAven Hollow was named after them, and afterward changed to Warren Centre. There are two apple trees now in Warren Centre which were planted by HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 657 James BoAven, the seed having been brought Avith him from Rhode Island in his valise ; these trees are on the farm now owned by J. D. Kinney, and are supposed to be the oldest apple trees in this county. R. S. Bowen, his son, was educated in the district school ; he first pur chased a farm in Warren Centre, Avhich he after Avard sold, and then purchased the farm on which he now resides. George A. Bowen Avas born on this place, and attended the district school until his twentieth year, Avhen he Avent to work on his father's farm seven years ; then Avorked in his brother-in-law's creamery in Warren Centre one year, after Avhich he commenced his present business, opening a creamery in Ballibay in 1887. By hard work and honorable dealing with his patrons he has made it a decided success and a necessity in the community ; his business for 1890 was twenty-tiATe per cent more than for 1887. Mr. Bowen married, January 2, 1884, Anna F., daughter of John M. and Catherine (Sleeper) Currier ; she is the eldest of five children, all of whom are still living. Mr. and Mrs. Bowen have had four children, viz.: Iva, born December 9, 1884 ; Lucy, born January 31, 1886 ; Harley, born April 19, 1887, and Amy, born April 7, 1889. The family are members of the Baptist Church, Warren Centre, and are among the best known and well respected people in the county. Mr. Bowen in his political preferences is a Democrat. GEORGE WARREN BOWEN, retired farmer, Warren, is a native of Seekonk, born February 28, 1811, a son of George and Sarah (Allen) Bowen, natives of Rhode Island, of Welsh and English stock. The father who was a farmer and shoemaker, immigrated to this county in May, 1811, and located in Warren township, being one of the earliest settlers in that dense wild Avood, where with his own hands he girdled and felled the trees for his clearing; in 1827 he bought of his brother a gristmill, and in 1830 added thereto a saAvmill ; he Avas the second in a family of nine children, and was the first of the family to come to this county, his four brothers following later — William in 1815, Noah and Brown in 1816, and Caleb in 1824; the brothers had altogether tAventy-nine sons and daughters. George Bowen had one child Avhich was seven months old when he came here, and this child is the subject of this sketch ; the father died February 14, 1844, the mother, September 1, 1858 ; they had twelve children — five sons and seven daughters — as folloAvs : George War ren, Noah C, who is now the oldest living person born in Warren township; Allen, who died in 1889, leaving a widow and four chil dren, four now living; Martha (Mrs. Henry T. Newman, who has two children) ; Maria (Mrs. Josephus Sleeper, Avho died, leaving seven chil dren ; Mr. Sleeper then married her youngest sister, Mary> the twelfth of the family, and he died in 1890, leaving a widow and two children) ; Nancy (Mrs. Nathan Young ; Mr. Nathan Young died in 1890, leaving one son) ; Lucinda (Mrs. Nelson Pratt, of Boston, has two children) ; Jacob, who died in 1846, leaving a AvidoAv and three children ; Romanda (Mrs. Jesse Newman; Jesse Newman died in 1890 without issue); and Joanna (Mrs. David Brainard), avIio resides in Warren township. As stated, George W. was but seven months old when his father came to the county. Here he grew up a pioneer 658 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. boy, and as soon as he was old enough he went out to work as a farm hand, and with his wages of $10 a month paid for fifty acres of his father's farm ; Avhen he came of age had but a single dollar as his worldly possession, and noAv he oAvns one hundred and fifty acres of fine, well-improved farm land. He was married in Warren township to Sabra Young, daughter of Nathan and Lucy (Burton) Young, natiA-es of Vermont, Avho came to Bradford county in 1816, and settled in Warren; their family were six in number, of Avhom Sabra was the eldest, born October 28, 1818 ; her father died in 1872, and her mother in 1874. To Mr. and Mrs. George W. Bowen were born seven children, three of whom died in infancy, and four grew to maturity, as folloAvs : George Nathan, married to Hannah McCreary (has two children); Oscar W., married to Julia Gallup (has three children); Lucy Anna (Mrs. Edward Pitcher) died in 1872; Zachary T., born December 6, 1847, is now a prominent farmer and manages his father's farm (he married Lois R. Abell, daughter of Caleb and Rebecca (Gauff) Abell, of Rhode Island, who had five children, of whom Lois was the youngest; Zachary T. and Lois R. Bowen had two children, Lois Annah and Walter Abell, whose mother died February 12, 1888). Three generations it will be thus seen are under the roof-tree, and the above is an account of five generations of this family — one of the largest and most prominent families in the county. Mr. and Mrs. George W. Bowen are venerable with the frosts of many Avinters, yet bright, active and intelligent, and full of interest in the affairs of their younger heads about them. The father's family are Presbyterians, while the son's family are Methodists, and in politics the father and son are Democrats. RICHARD T. BOWEN, farmer and stockman, P. O., Warren Centre, was born in Warren township, this county, December 22, 1843, a son of Richard D. and Sabina (Thayer) Bowen, natives of Rhode Island and of English descent. The father Avas a farmer in this county, but had been a miller prior to coming here ; he remoATed to Bradford county in 1837 and settled in Warren toAvnship, where he farmed the remainder of his days, and died in 1881 ; his widoAv sur vives. They had seven children, viz., Maria (Mrs. Dexter Chaffee, of Orwell); Mary (Mrs. Nathan Newman, of Warren) ; Martha A. (Mrs. Franklin Pendleton) ; Caleb N., who enlisted in 1862, in Company D, Seventeenth Pennsylvania CaA'alry, and followed the hard service of his regiment in all its battles and marches (he was taken prisoner Avhile carrying dispatches, and died in Salisbury prison, February 21, 1865); Richard T.; Joseph N., a farmer, and Horace E. Richard T. Bowen Avas reared in Warren township, became a farmer, and is now the oAvner of sixty acres of land, all finely improved Avith good build ings. He was married in Pike township, in 1870, to Henrietta, daughter of Russell and Elvira (Dimon) McCrery of Connecticut, of Scotch-English descent; her father died June, 1876, her mother sur vives; they had two children: Celinda (Mrs. Martin W. Smith) of Tuscarora township, and Henrietta, Avho was born, educated and mar ried in Pike township. Mr. and Mrs. Richard T. Bowen have one HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 659 child, Wesley A. This is one of the most highly respected families in the county. FRANK A. BOWMAN, conduotor, Lehigh Valley Railroad, Ulster, is a son of William and Eleanor J. (Harsh) Bowman, and was born in Ulster, November 22, 1846. His father was a common laborer, and the son was put to work at an early age ; in the summer he would drive the mules on the North Branch Canal, then attend school in the winter, and seoured a fair common-school education ; he began driving Avhen only eight years old, and followed the canal until July 24, 1870, Avhen he began braking on the railroad, but worked only one year at that Avhen he Avas promoted to freight conductor, which position he has since held. He enlisted in the army, February 14, 1864, in Com pany D, One Hundred and Sixty-first Regiment N. Y. V., and was discharged as sergeant November 12, 1865 ; he participated in the bat tles of Sabine Cross Roads, Pleasant Hill, Cane River, Morgangies Bend, Siege of Mobile, Ft. Blakesly, and Avas in the Red River expedition. His mother dying February 17, 1881, at the age of sixty years, his father makes his home Avith our subject, who has just com pleted an elegant nine-room residence in the village of Ulster, this oeinga modern house and one of the finest residences in Ulster valley. Mr. Bowman was never married ; he has been a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, Athens, since 1871, and has taken the third degree ; Is a member of Gillmore Post, No. 227, G. A. R., and held the office of commander for three successive years; is a mem ber of the Iron Hall, in Avhich he fills the chair of cashier of Local Branch No. 886 ; also a member of the Brotherhood of O. R. O, No. 10, Waverly; in his religious vieAvs, he is a Methodist, and in his polit ical belief he is a strong Republican. JOSEPH G. BOYCE, finisher, Oliver's furniture factory, Troy, was born in Troy, Pa., August 16, 1847, and is a son of David and Nancy (Keyser) Boyce. His father Avas a native of Herkimer county, N. Y., born in 1802, and settled in Troy toAvnship, this county, in 1826, where he cleared and improved the farm now OAvned by Caleb Case; in 1869 he removed to Kansas, Avhere he died in 1875 ; his wife was a daughter of John Keyser, of Troy township, by whom he had eight children : Hiram, Thankful (Mrs. Henry Olds), Francina (Mrs. Moses Ingalls), James, Elizabeth, Joseph G., Abigail and Edwin. Our subject Avas reared in Troy toAvnship, Avhere, with the exception of twelve years, he has always resided ; he Avas in the Civil War, enlisting December 28, 1863, in Company E, EleA'enth Pennsylvania Cavalry, and participated in the engagements in front of Richmond, Petersburg, Ream Station, Wilderness, Johnson Farm, Five Forks, and Avas at Lee's surrender at Appomattox, and Avas honorably discharged in August, 1865. After the Avar ended he learned the finisher's trade in Troy, where he worked five years, then spent ten years in Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa, returning to Troy in 1S80, Avhere has since been in the employ of L. II. Oliver. In 1868 he married Sarah E., daughter of Stephen Wheeler, of Troy township, and has five children : Newton (proprietor of "Troy House" barber shop), C. Ernest, Jennie, Dewitt and Alice. Mr. Boyce is a member 660 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Gustin Post, G. A. R., and politically is a Republican. J. W. BOYD, farmer and stock groAver, Wyalusing township, P. O. Wyalusing, a son of Charles and Elizabeth (Morrow) Boyd, was born in Wyalusing toAvnship, April 16, 1865. He passed his boyhood on the farm, and had the advantages of a good common-school education ; he adopted farming as an occupation, and has successfully pursued the same until the present time, farming on the old homestead in connec tion with his father, as Avell as operating a hay press and threshing machine in their season, until 1889, when he purchased his present home, known as the L. D. Biles estate. This is a well-improved and beautifully-located place, containing seventy-five acres, and Mr. Boyd has it well stocked. He Avas married, March 13, 1889, to Elnasa Stevens, and to them has been born one child, Florence Virginia. Mr. Boyd is an active politician, casting his interests with the Republican party. He now fills the office of town commissioner, having been elected to that position in 1890. He is one of Bradford's energetic young farmers, and has created for himself a host of friends. FRANCIS BOYLE, hotel proprietor, in Rummerfield, Avas born in Wyalusing township, this county, August 11, 1841, a son of Patrick Boyle who was born in County Cavan, Ireland, August 22, 1805, and grandson of Thomas Boyle, who was born and died in Ireland and had a family of seven children : Patrick, Ellen (Avife of Mike O'Connell), Michael, Thomas, Peter, James and Anne. Patrick came to this country in 1826, remaining one year on Long Island, then worked on the Erie Canal one year, then on the North Branch Canal three years, then Avent to Wyalusing and purchased 100 acres and added fifteen acres more, and built his house in 1867. He was a prominent and successful farmer, and the family are members of the Catholic Church ; his politics are Democratic. He married, in 1827, Susan, daughter of Francis Flanigan, of NeAV York City, and had six children, as follows: Anne (Avife of J. J. O'Brien), John, Thomas, Francis, Peter and James. The mother died in February, 1851, and he again married in October of same year, Anne, daughter of Patrick Monognan, and by this marriage had one child, Cornelius. Patrick Boyle died, August 22, 1890. Francis, the subject of this sketch, attended school until his twentieth year; then worked on a farm until 1865. In 1866 he pur chased fifty acres of land Avhich he sold in 1870,then managed his father's farm until 1889, when he rented the " Rummerfield Hotel," Avhich he conducted until 1890, then returned home, and at his father's death he inherited the homestead. November 22, 1890, he purchased the "Rum^ merfield Hotel." Mr. Boyle is a Democrat ; and the family are mem bers of the Catholic Church. He married in 1876, Bridget, "daughter of Michael and Sarah (Hammersley) Ryan, the third of a family of seven, five of whom are living, and of this marriage Avere born seven children : Susan, born April 29. 1868, wife of George McCrossen, they have one child, Francis, born September 30, 1888; Sarah and Kate (twins), born April 6, 1870; Annie, born March 28, 1873; Mary, born HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 661 February 6, 1S75 ; Patrick, March 11, 1879, and Michael, born Novem ber 25, 1881. This family is one of the leading ones of the county. CAPTAIN DANIEL BRADBLTRY, machinist, Athens, is a native of Ulster county, N. Y., born September 23, 1830, a son of Thomas J. and Clarinda (Hayes) Bradbury, natives of Ulster and Dutchess coun ties, N. Y., respectively. The father is a retired farmer and resides in Southport. Chemung Co., N. Y., now eighty-three years old. Sub ject's grandfather, Amirheuhama Bradbury, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, in Col. Shepherd's Massachusetts Regiment. The maternal grandfather, William Hayes, was a soldier in the War of 1812. Capt. Daniel Bradbury is the eldest in a family of seven children, of whom six are living. He was reared principally in Tomp kins, N. V.; worked three years on a farm, and at eighteen began an apprenticeship at the machinist's trade in Elmira ; then, in 1S51, removed to Athens, and worked at his trade until 1856, when he went to Newark, Ohio, and from there to Buffalo, and thence to Corning, N. Y. Returning to Athens in 1858, he here worked at his trade until the breaking out of the Civil War, when he enlisted, April 23, 1861. in the three-years' service, in Company F, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves, and was appointed captain. He was wounded at Draines ville, Va., December 20, 1861, and was an invalid in camp until March 1, 1862 ; he was furloughed home, where he remained until May, when he returned to his command in Virginia, but after his examina tion was rejected on account of his wound ; was discharged from the service Jnly 15, 1862. Returning to Athens he worked at his trade until 1867, when he went to Penn Yan, N. V., and in 1879 to Elmira, same State, where he worked for Reid & Cooper, manufacturers of steam engines and general machinery, until January, 1885, when he came to Athens and worked in the Lehigh Valley machine shops ; he is now in the employ of Reid & Cooper. Elmira, N. T. Capt. Brad bury was married in Smithfield township, this county, to Miss Polly, daughter of Jared and Eliza (Hackett) Phelps, natives, respectively, of Massachusetts and Vermont ; the father, who was a farmer, was born January 24, 1789, and died August 1 7, 1869, in Smi th field. Mrs. Phelps Avas born May 20, 1795, and died May 2, 1839. Mrs. Bradbury's grand father. Jared Phelps, served one full term of three years in a Connecti cut regiment during the Revolutionary War, and soon after his discharge again enlisted for a term of three years, and served nntQ the close of the struggle; he was first a drummer, and afterward a fifer. Mrs. Bradbury is the youngest in a family of nine children that grew to maturity, and was born in Smithfield township, this countv, December 4, 1831. To Mr. and Mrs. Bradbury were born four chil dren, viz.: Thomas J., married to Clara Paul, residing in Argentine, Kan.; Harry B., married to Mary V. Massey, residing in New York City (he is a reporter on the New York Tribune): Margaret E., and Asa. deceased. The Captain is a member of the G. A. R., Mallory Post, No. 285, and Union Veteran Legion, No. 28 ; he served two years as commander of the Post, and one year of the U. V. L.; is serving his second year as president of the Sixth Regiment Pennsyl vania Reserve Association. Politically he is a Republican. 37 G62 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. DANIEL BRADFORD, a prominent and enterprising farmer of Columbia township, P. O. Sylvania, was born in Columbia township, this county, March 16, 1831, a son of Joseph R. and Mary (Monro) Bradford, natives of Rhode Island, who settled in Columbia township in 1829, where the father partially cleared and improved a farm, then removed to Tioga county, Pa., in 1837, where the father died in 1867, aged sixty-five years ; his children were as follows : Levi D., Mary A. (Mrs. Alex. Smith), Daniel, Leonard J., Harriet (Mrs. Stearn Ashley) and William H. Our subject was reared in Tioga county, Pa., from six years of age, and received a common-school education. After reaching his majority he engaged in farming in Tioga county, until 1865, Avhen he removed to Columbia township, this county; since which time he has occupied the farm where he noAv resides, and has made all the improvements in buildings, etc. On March 30, 1853, he married Melinda, daughter of Robert and Mary (Gardner) Card, of Tioga county, Pa.-, formerly of Rhode Island, and has one son, Fred, D. Mr. Bradford is a member of the Presbyterian Church of Sylvania is a Republican in politics, and has served as county commissioner of Bradford county two terms. SPENCER S. BRAINARD, farmer and stock grower, P. O. Warren, was born in Warren toAvnship, this county, June 29, 1847, a son of Sidney C. and Eunice H. (Moore) Brainard, natives of New York and Vermont, respectively, and of Scotch origin. Sidney C. was a son of Isaac, born August 27, 1778, and his mother was Zeruah Spencer, born December 24, 1775 ; Isaac was the son of Timothy, who was born April 22, 1740, and his wife, Elizabeth Spencer, Avas born May 21, 1744. Sidney C. Brainard was a farmer and carpenter, who came to Bradford county and located in Warren township in 1810, where he cleared and opened the first farm in the toAvnship, the spot being known for years as the "old clearing" (on this farm his son Spencer S. now resides), where he died May 16, 1884 ; his wife died March 10, 1870; they had ten children, of whom Spencer S. was the eighth. Our subject grew to his majority on his native farm, in time purchased the old homestead, and now has a fine farm of one hundred acres, Avidely known to be as fine as any in the township. He Avas joined in matrimony, in Warren township, Avith Mary E. Hardic, daugh ter of Stephen and Emaline (Stephens) Hardic, natives of New Jersey, farmers of Camptown, and of German and English descent. Mrs. Hardic died in 1864, the mother of six children, of Avhom Mary E. Avas the eldest. Mr. and Mrs. Spencer S. Brainard had born to them two children, viz.: Rosabel and Arthur S. They are members of the Free Baptist Church. Mr. Brainard enlisted in the army July 12, 1864, in Company D, Seventy-seventh N. Y. V. I., was sent to Elmira and guarded prisoners ; he was discharged November 19, 1864, and returned to his home. Three of his brothers and tAvo brothers-in-law- were in the service. Mr. Brainard is a member of Spalding Post, No. 33, and in politics is a Republican. PATRICK F. BRENNAN, farmer, of Monroe township, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born in County Tipperary, Ireland, October 20, 1837, and is a son of John and Johanna (Fogarty) Brennan. There HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 663 were thirteen children in their family, of Avhom subject is the seventh- His parents dying in 1855, he began life for himself, farming and toaming, and in 1861 he purchased six acres of land, Avhere he noAv resides! When he had cleared and paid for this, he purchased more, and so on, until now he has sixty-two acres of Avell-cultivated land. Mr. Brennan was married December 25, 185S, to Miss Mary Ann MoPeo, daughter of Hannah M. Sullivan, and they have five children : George 11., born January 14, 1860, resides with his parents, and is married to Alice MoDaniels (they have one child, Thomas H., born September 14, 180(1) ; Mary C, born March 31. 1863, married to Willis J. MoDaniels, an employe in the Athens Bridge Works (they have one child, Anna E., bom' September 20, 1890) ; John M., born December 18, 1867, taught school seven terms in Bradford county (was graduated from Miller's Commercial College, and is now in the employ of theNeAV York Railroad Supply Company, at Noav York, Avhere he is a member of the Y. M. C. A.) :' Thomas P., born April 11, 1878, died December 4, 1881, and Frank A., bom July 7, 1876. Mr. Brennan has ahvays boon a strong advocate of Democracy, as are all his ohildren. GEORGE W. BRINK, farmer, P. O. Bentley Creek, Avas born in Branchville, Sussex Co., N. J., August 26, 1826, a son of Garret and Mary (Bowman) Brink, natives of Sussex county. Garret Brink followed" the calling of an auctioneer many years, and died at the ago of fifty. His family consisted of live children — throe sons and two daughters — all of whom groAv to maturity, and three are now living. George W. Brink, avIio is the fifth in the family, was reared and edu cated in Sussex county, N. J. At the age of twenty he married, for his first wife, Susan, daughter of Lewis .lohnson, by which union there wore born to them sewn ohildren — six boys and one girl — as folloAvs: Andrew, Benjamin, Alfred, Willis, Frederick, Frank and Alice, all of whom are married and prosperous ; his second wife was Sarah Patter son, whom ho married December 26, 1875. Mr. Brink removed to this oounty in 1S56. locating in Wells township, where he lived until 1S78 when he removed to Bentley Creek, and has since resided here. His wife, Sarah, purchased what is known as the "Cook Place." Mr. Brink is an extensive dairyman, and has two registered Aldemevs. T. W. BRINK. P.O." Brink Hill, who ranks among the most prominent farmers of Litchfield township, was bom in Sheshequin township, this oounty, March 21, 1820. on the farm uoav owned by Rufus Mallory. a son of Benjamin and Rhoda (Rodgers) Brink, the former of whom was a, farmer, and resided at the old Rodgers home stead in Sheshequin from 1825 until his death. Our subject, is the eldest of four children, of whom Amanda married Henry McKinney, and died in 1883. Benjamin Brink married, for his second Avife, Polly Forbes, ami by her had two children, vi/.., Delila. married to Philip Orans. of Athens, and John F., married to Emily Crans. The grand father was a soldier of the War of 1812. T. W. Brink was reared on the old homestead, and received a limited oonimon-sohool education. Leaving school at the age of seventeen years, he took charge of a farm in Sheshequin township, and at the ago of twenty-one removed to the farm now owned by George Page, in Athens township, then 661 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. returned to the old homestead, where he remained until 1859, in Avhich year he came to Litchfield on the farm he now owns, comprising two hundred and ten acres, of which one hundred and fifty are improved, with comfortable buildings. He has been twice married ; first time in 1841, to Martha Harrington, by which union were born eight children : Mary, married to George W. Morse of Washington, D. C; George, married to Owilda Carmer, and resides at Litchfield ; Henry, married to Kate McGovern, and lives in Athens township ; Dell, who first married Orlando Park, and for her second husband married Perley Phalin, of Athens ; Alonzo, died at the age of six ; Alfred, died at the age of tAvo; Henrietta, died in infancy ; Fred, married Ida Munn, and lives on part of his father's farm. Our subjeot married for his second Avife, in 1869, Clarissa McKinney, third in the family of six children of Joseph and Mary (Bidlac) McKinney. Mr. Brink is a Republican, and has held various town offices. The family are members of tlie Methodist Episcopal Church. SAMUEL N. BRONSON, retired merchant, Orwell. John Bronson came from England in Colonial times Avith a colony under the leadership of Rev. Thomas Hooker, in 1636, and settled at Hartford, Conn.; he was in the bloody Pequot War of 1637, and removed to Tunxis (Farmington), about 1641 ; he was one of the organizers of the Farmington Church, October 13, 1652;' he died November 28, 1680, having reared a family of seven children, of whom the fifth child, John, the ancestor of the gentleman whose name heads this sketch, Avas born in January, 1644; he became an early settler of Waterbury, where he died. His family consisted of seven children, of whom John, the eldest in this branch of the family, was born in 1670, and removed from Waterbury to Southington, where in January, 1697, he Avas married to Rachel Buck, of Weathersfiehl, and had seven children, of whom Jonathan, born May 14, 1706, married Abigail Clark, May 17, 1732, and lived in Southington, where he died, August 20. 1751 ; his family consisted of ten children, of Avhom the second, John, born July 16, 1735, married, for his first wife, Sarah Barnes, March 30, 1758, and soon after settled in Wolcott, where she died December 17, 1804; he then married the Avidow of Curtiss Hall, and died November 10, 1838, aged one hundred and three years, three months and twenty-five days; his family of six children were as folloAvs : Joel, born March 9, 1759; Isaac, born July 19, 17(11; Benjamin Barnes, born August 19, 1763; Philenor, baptized April 27, 1766; Hannah; John, born January 31, 1776. Of these, Joel, avIio was the grandfather of Samuel N. Bronson, married Cynthia Minerva Squires, December 3, 1783, and had the following children, all now deceased: Ira, born September 11, 1784; Samuel Squire (father of subject), born May 6, 1787 ; Avis Finch, born October 27, 1790 ; Mary Woodruff, born July 13, 1793; Nancy Barns, born April 25, 1796; Joel, Jr., born May 23, 1799 ; Cynthia' Minerva, born August 5, 1809, and died March 14, 1891, at Kennett Square, Pa. [The Humphrey family in America dates from Michael Humphrey, "the emigrant" from England whose first record here is in 1643 in Windsor, Conn.; he married October 14, 1647, Priscilla Grant, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 665 daughter of MattheAv Grant, of Windsor, of whom ex-President II. S. Grant was of the seventh generation. He had a family of seven ohildren, of whom the third child, known as Lieut. Samuel, was born May 15, 1656, in Windsor. He married Mary Mills, and died June 15, 1736, having had eight children, of whom the third child, known as Ensign Samuel, born May 17, 1686, in Simsbury, Avas married four times, reared nineteen ohildren, and died October 16, 1759 ; he married his third wife, Lydia North, of Farmington, Conn., in December, 1714, of Avhom his fifth child, known as Capt. Ezekiel (great-grand father of S. N. Bronson), born August 28, 1719, in Simsbury, Conn., married. Elizabeth Pettibone, October 2. 1740, and they had ten children: Ezekiel, born May 28, 1741; Elijah, born September 20, 1747 ; Elizabeth, born 1750 ; Frederick, born December 9, 1753 ; George, born 1756 ; Ann, born 1758 ; Giles (grandfather of S. N. Branson), born 1760 ; Chloe, born June 28, 1762 ; Lydia, born 1769 ; Betsey, born February 12, 1771. Giles, the seventh child, a native of West Simsbury, Conn., married Elizabeth Case, of same place, and had seven children : Norman, born May 17, 1781 ; Sarah, born April 4, 1783 ; Elizabeth, born June 3, 1785 ; Lydia, born November 29, 1787 ; Lyman, born February 11, 1791 ; Ursula (the mother of S. N. Bronson), born August 1, 1794, and Anna. He died in 1816 in Burlington, Conn.] Samuel S. Bronson married Ursula Humphrey, April 28, 1814, and had the following children : Samuel II., born July 12, 1815 ; a son, born November 18, 1816, ahd died ; Lyman H, born March 17, 1818 ; Cynthia Ann, born January 10, 1821 ; Perintha, born July 7, 1823 ; and Samuel Newton, born July 2, 1825, the only survivor. The subject of this sketch was first married July 21, 1853, to Margaret Garretson, of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., a daughter of Stephen and Mary Ann Garretson, and by. this marriage were born the following children: Edith May, born "June 25, 1858 ; Jennie O, born August 21, 1859, and died in infancy ; Edith May, married to L. De Witt Griswold, May 9, 1878. This Avife dying January 3, 1861, Mr. Bronson married September 19, 1861, Mrs. Caroline C. Elsbree, of Warren, Pa., widow of James T. Elsbree, and daughter of Samuel Lyon, by which marriage there were two children : Ira Lincoln, born May . 20, 1865, now in Chicago, and Flora A., born September 19, 1867, married to Charles W. Eastman, August 4, 1890. Samuel N. Branson's father Avas a learned physician Avho practiced his profession at Burlington, Conn., and died aged thirty-nine years. He Avas a man of great promise to the people of his section, and skilled in professional as Avell as in church life. The grandfather was a soldier of the Revolution, and served under Washington ; he came to Orwell during his old age, and died here. The great-grandfather had served in the French-Indian War. After his parent's death, Samuel N. made his home Avith his uncle Ira, and came Avith him to Orwell in 1839, and in 1840 Ira Bronson built the house where H. Champlin now lives, and there resided until his death. Samuel worked on his uncle's farm during boyhood, and secured an aoademioal education. After reaching his majority, he began teaching school and was thus engaged winters, 666 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. two years : then clerked in a general store at Orwell Hill nearly five years, when he formed a partnership with H. Z. Frisbie under the firm name of Frisbie & Bronson, which continued for two years, when Mr. Frisbie retired, and a firm of four was formed, the style of the firm being Humphrey & Co., which, two years thereafter, was dissoh'ed, Mr. Bronson continuing alone in the building noAv occupied by Mr. Coburn, and changed to the old stand, now of Mr. Cowles, where he remained until 1871, when he retired from the mercantile trade and devoted his attention to real estate, steam saw and lathe mill, and other business. About 1853, T. Humphrey (or the company) started a tin shop and a cooper shop ; in 1856, S. N. Bronson purchased the coopering and tinware business, and soon had on the road one or tvvo peddlers of tinware and notions — two years' peddling by Bronson & Doolittle, and for about ten years he Avas running it alone. Mr. Bronson Avas three times appointed postmaster, holding the office about eighteen years, and has held the position of first lieutenant in the Orwell Artillery Company, first appointed May 4, 1846. He has been a member of the Presbyterian Church all his life, an untiring worker in the same, and an elder many years, filling also the position of chorister, Sunday-school superintendent and treasurer of the church, and of the Sunday-school. He is a Republican in politics, and held numerous toAvnship offices ; was town treasurer during the years 1851- 52-53-54-61-62 and 77, and town clerk during the years 1883-84-85- 89 and 90. B. F. BROWN, farmer, P. O. Athens, Avas born in Providence, R. I., April 23, 1850, is the son of S. W. and Harriet (Reynolds) Brown, natives of Providence, of Avhom the former was born July 7, 1801, the latter December 17, 1815 ; they removed to this county in 1852, locat ing in Athens township, on what is now known as the Sawyer place, and resided there six years ; the mother died July 13, 1858, after which the father sold the property to William Sawyer, removing farther north and west, and purchased a farm. He subsequently traded that for the one now owned by his son, B. F. Brown, and removed thither in 1876 ; he died in 1881,- in his eightieth year ; his family consisted of seven children, two sons and five daughters, four of whom are now living. Our subject, who is the seventh of the family, was reared and educated in Athens in the common school, and always confined himself to farm work ; he began business for himself by buying a farm of eighty acres in 1876, on which he has worked faithfully and with effect ; in 1888 he added fifty-eight acres to the above. He was married in 1878 to Miss Eliza, -daughter of Warren W. and Anna Wilson, Avhose parents removed to this county from New York State, and by this union there were five children, \Tiz.: Minnie, May, Harriet E., Anna B., Susan E. and Fred W. Mr. Brown is employed in mixed farming, and is a successful and enterprising man ; his premises are Avell watered with never-failing springs ; his stock is of the finest quality, some of them being registered. He has held various offices of public trust in the town ; is a member of the Iron Hall, and politically is a Republican. CHARLES J. BROWN was born in Towanda, June 9, 1839, and was the adopted son of Jesse E. Brown, who was a farmer, born in HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 667 Wyalusing in 1797; moved to Sheshequin in 1823, and died in 1882. Charles received his education in the common schools of Sheshequin. His musical instructors were J. G. Towner and F. F. Bliss, and he has taught music twenty-five years. The farm he noAv occupies is the one his father lived on Avhen he came to the township, and consists of 193 acres, seventy-five of which are in the bottoms, all susceptible of cul tivation. He was married July 16, 186 1, to Maryan Seely, daughter of Joseph Seely, of Rome township. He has two children, a son, Han- ford, and a daughter, Ethlin. Mr. Brown's political views are Repub lican. His grandfather's family were in Wyoming at the time of the battle. CHARLES L. BROWN, farmer and dairyman, P. O. Towanda, a son of Barker and Elizabeth (Seltzer) Brown, Avas born in Wyoming county, June 6, 1849. His father was a native of this State, and his mother of Connecticut, whose ancestors were of German and English origin, and were agriculturists. Charles L., who isthe.third in a family of four children who grew to maturity, was educated in the common schools of Burlington township, and spent his early life on his father's farm. At his majority he became a tiller of the soil, and is now one of the leading and successful farmers of North Towanda, where he has a fine farm of 125 acres. He settled on his present homestead many years ago, where he soon added the dairy and milk business to his other interests. Mr. Brown was married August 20, 1868, to Sophia Morehouse, and there have been born to them six children. He is a genial, agreeable gentleman, and has a wide circle of friends. Mr. Brown votes the Republican ticket, and takes an active interest in the affairs of both township and county. CLARK M. BROWN, farmer and stock grower, Wyalusing town ship, P. O. Wyalusing, is among the most prominent of Bradford's farmers,, and was born May 14, 1838, on the farm he now OAvns in Wyalusing township, a direct descendant of Thomas Brown, Avho was one of the most prominent of the pioneers of Wyalusing, and a son of Mason and Harriet (Harmon) Brown. His father was born at Brown town, and was one of the prominent farmers of that section ; he had a family of ten children, as follows : Rachel, married to Lorenzo Allen, and after his death was married to Hugh Daugherty ; David ; Eliza (deceased) ; Hannah ; Emma, married to George Jackson and living at Paterson, N. J.; James, a farmer, of Wyalusing; Harriet, residing in Wyalusing; William, of Washington State; Libbie (deceased); and Clark M. Our subject was born and reared on a farm, and received a limited common-school education, folloAving farming until 1852. For ten years he was engaged in navigating the North Branch canal ; then resumed farming, which he has since continued. In 1869 he purchased the old homestead, and proceeded to improve the same, and now has as beautiful a home as the county affords, having added to his original farm until he owns 280 acres. He was united in mar riage Avith Jane Woodfield, daughter of James Woodfield, of this county, December 2, 1860. This union has been blessed with nine children: Stella, married to Rev. John Nichols (soon after their mar riage her husband Avas sent as a missionary to India, and she accom- 668 histors: of Bradford county. panied him there, where after a sojourn of a year he died ; she then returned to her parents, and was married, the second time, to Rev. F. H. Crissman, now residing in Blairsville, Pa.); Charles R., of Syra cuse; Lewis, of Stillwater, Minn.; Belle, Oscar, Jennie, Harmon, Homer and Clyde. The family are members of the Methodist Episco pal Church, of Wyalusing. Politically Mr. BroAvn is a Democrat, and is one of the successful men of the county; has always been a hard worker. Besides the accumulation and improvements of his land he has given his children the advantages of a good education, and has been a liberal supporter of all Christian and benevolent enterprises. D. K. BROWN, retired, Wyalusing, Avas born at BrowntoAvn, Wyalusing township, this county, February 24, 1826, a son of Ira and Nancy (King) Brown. His father was also born in Wyalusing town ship in 1801, a son of Daniel Brown, a survivor of the Wyoming mas sacre. Ira, who was one of the pioneers of this section, had three children, of whom the subject is the eldest ; J. Morgan is the genial proprietor of the " Wyalusing Hotel," and Adaline is married to A. H. Kingsbury, of Towanda. The father was a farmer, and at his death had accumulated quite an extensive body of land, sixty-five acres of which remain in the possession of D. K. Brown. He Avas born and reared on the farm and educated in the common school. When eight een years old he started to serve an apprenticeship at the carpenter's and joiner's trade, with his uncle Nelson Brown, of Towanda. And after serving only two years he began for himself. He Avorked in Towanda two years, and then returned to Wyalusing where he fol lowed the trade to the present time, having been interested in the building of almost every house in Wyalusing, the bank building and many other buildings in Dushore, besides a great amount of work at Scranton and other points. He has recently remodeled and modernized his residence, making it one of the handsomest homes in Wyalusing ; he has also erected an elegant workshop, which he has supplied with all modern machines for the use of his craft. With the contractors and builders of this county he ranks among the foremost, and besides fol lowing his trade, he has taken an active interest in farming, and OAvns a productive little farm on the banks of the Susquehanna. Mr. Brown was united in Avedlock, August 14, 1848, with Hettie, daughter of Joseph and Rachel (Birney) Stalford, pioneers of this county ; her parents had the following children, besides her : Catherine, Avho mar ried Joseph Baker and removed to Greenville, Ohio, where they both died ; Samuel, who died at Danville, Pa.; John, who died in infancy. To Mr. and Mrs. Brown have been born three children : AnnaE., born November 5, 1849, married to C. A. Stowell, of Wyalusing; Francis A., born June 15, 1851, died September 29, 1852. and Emily A., born May 9, 1854, married to H. J. L'loyd, of Wyalusing. The family worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Mrs. Brown is an active member. Mr. Brown is a stanch Republican and has held various town and borough offices, being the first burgess in Wyalusing. Besides his other business he has been dealing in lumber, doors, blinds and all carpenter's supplies. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 669 D. S. BROWN, wagon maker, Wilawana, was born in Morrison, N. J., October 1, 1814, a son of Aaron and Betsey (Crane) Brown, natives of New Jersey. Aaron BroAvn migrated from New Jersey to Chemung, N. Y., in 1816, where he resided two years ; thence moved to Wellsburg (then called Southport), where he worked at his trade, wagon making, until his death, which occurred in 1848, when he was at an advanced age ; his children numbered five, all of whom grew to maturity, and two are now living. D. S., who is the second in the family, was reared and educated in Wellsburg, N. Y., and learned the wagon maker's trade of his father. At the age of twenty -three he married Hannah, daughter of James and Margaret Burt, by which marriage there were two children : Martha and Emeline, both now deceased ; his second wife, whom he married December 9, 1843, was Polly, daughter of William and Fanny Seeley, by which union there were four children : Frances L. (was married to Charles Cain, and had two children — Carrie and Minnie — both of whom are married, and have each three children), Alice (married to Charles J. Howard, a mer chant of Corning, N. Y.), William (married to Eva, daughter of Dr. F. W. Keise, of Wilawana) and F. L. (deceased). William is a skilled mechanic and works with his father, doing the iron work. Mr. BroAvn removed to Wilawana in 1845, and opened the first tavern in the village, which was then called Orcutt Creek, from which he retired after the lapse of two years. In 1847 he went into partnership with Anson Beidleman in the mercantile business, but after three or four years Mr. Beidleman purchased the entire business, and Mr. Brown confined himself to his trade. In addition to his village property, he has a small farm of forty-five acres, which he Avorks. He is much respected by his fellow-citizens Avho elected him to various responsible offices ; he was postmaster seven years, and was then succeeded by his son William ; was constable, assessor and school director ; is a mem ber of the Christian Church, and is a Democrat. EDWARD H. BROWN, of the firm of Brown, Rockwell & Co., merchants, New Albany, Avas born at Laddsburg, Pa., July 6, 1861, a son of John and Catherine (Ladd) Brown. His father, of Irish origin, was born in this State ; the grandfather, a farmer, was a native of Ireland. His mother is a native of Albany township, and a granddaugh ter of Horatio Ladd, whose father, Ephraim and himself were of the first settlers in the township of Albany. Our subject was reared on his father's farm and educated in the schools of the township, Towanda, and Starkey Seminary, Yates county, N. Y. At the age of seventeen he commenced teaching school, Avhich he followed some years, continu ing his studies. In 1886 he engaged as a clerk in the store of Hon. S. D. Sterigere, at New Albany, and after nine- months he purchased an interest in the business, which had been successfully established more than twenty-five years, under the firm name of Sterigere & Co. Mr. Brown was married, in 1886, to Ella Sterigere, a daughter of the former owner of the business, Hon. S. D. Sterigere, who was in the State Legislature in 1884-85, being elected by the Republican party. Mr. Brown is a Republican in politics, but devotes his entire time to business, and is one of the substantial and growing men of the county. 670 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. F. S. BROWN, ticket and Adams Express agent, Sayre, is a native of Addison, N. Y., and was born March 29, 1854, a son of John N. and Sarah C. (Langford) Brown, natives of NeAV York State, the former of whom is a retired merchant, and has been postmaster at Addison, N. Y., fifteen years. F. S. Brown, who is the fourth in a family of six children (of whom the youngest four are now living), received his education in the public schools of his native place, and in 1872 he Avent to Athens and served a three-years' apprenticeship at telegraphy ; from there he moved to Towanda, and was operator at the upper depot for the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company about three years, and then was station agent for the Barclay Railroad Company about four years, after which he went to Elizabeth, and was in the superintend ent's office of the New Jersey Central Railroad about a year ; then came to Sayre and Avorked in the offices until April, 1888, when he Avas appointed ticket agent and Adams Express agent at Sayre. Mr. Brown was married in Athens, October 13, 1875, to Miss Emma A., daughter of Edmund A. and Maria (Jackway) Kenyon, natives of this county, former of whom Avas a merchant a number of years in Athens. Mrs. Brown is the elder of two children, and was born in Windham township, this county, 1858. To Mr. and Mrs. Brown has been born a daughter, Bessie. Mrs. Brown is a member of the Baptist Church. In politics Mr. Brown is a Republican. IRA A. BROWN, farmer and stock grower, Wyalusing, was born in this county, August 13, 1854, and is a son of J. M. Brown (proprie tor of the "Wyalusing Hotel") and Sarah A. (Jennings) Brown, who had two children, Ira A. and Carrie, the latter of Avhom married Richard McCann, a mechanic working in the Pullman Car Shops, Chicago. The mother dying while our subject Avas quite young, he made his home Avith his grandfather, Ira Brown, one of the pioneers of this section, was educated in the common schools of Wyalusing, and worked the farm of his grandfather, who left the same to him at his death. He followed farming on the old homestead until 1884, when he went to Wyalusing borough and assisted his father in conducting the "Wyalus ing Hotel," remaining there four years ; then returned to the old farm in Wyalusing toAvnship, where he has since resided, and which con tains 150 acres of as fine land as the county affords, all under cultiva tion and well improved. In 1890 he began extensive lumber oper ations, as the farm comprises a timber lot containing 200,000 feet of lumber, which he is now engaged in getting ready for market ; has his farm well stocked with cattle and horses. Mr. Brown was united in wedlock, September 25, 1877, with Frances Cox, daughter of Corne lius Cox, of Yaughn Hill, this county, and they have had three chil dren, all noAv deceased. Mr. Brown is an active "member of and class- leader in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics he is a Republican. JAMES R. BROWN (deceased) Avas a native of Vermont, born February 19, 1838, his parents being Christopher and Mary Brown, also natives of Vermont; the father died in 1882, the mother died several years ago ; they Avere the parents of five children, of Avhom James R. was the third, James R. BroAvn spent his young life in HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 671 Massachusetts, and in 1870 came to Bradford county, first locating in Orwell township, and thence Avent to Windham township, Avhere he spent the remainder of his days, and died possessed of a highly im proved farm of fifty-two acres. He married, in Massachusetts, Lydia A. Stetson, daughter of Leonard and Sophia P. (Alger) Stetson, natives of Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, respectively, of which marriage were born seven children, as follows : Mary (married Elmer Cole, of Litchfield), Alice M. (Avife of Francis Strope, of Windham), Jennie, Arthur M., Stetson, Harry and Howard. James R. Brown departed this life in Windham township in 1885, greatly regretted by everyone, and profoundly mourned by his family and friends ; he was known in life as a good man, a good and' true friend, affectionate father and a loving and devoted husband ; he served his country as a soldier, enlisting in 1864, in Company K, One Hundred and Ninth' N. Y. I., serving until the close of the war, enduring many hardships, exposures and sickness, which eventually caused his death. He was a member of the K. of H. JOHN H. BROWN, farmer and ¦ stock-grower, of Wyalusing toAvnship, P. O. Merryall, was born at Standing Stone this county, December 30, 1832, a son of Benjamin and Jane (Houk) Brown, and a lineal descendant of Thomas Brown, the first of the name to settle in the county. The father was born at Browntown, April 27, 1782, and died April 14, 1834; the mother was born at Standing Stone, May 24, 1792, and died October 28, 1872. Their family comprised the follow ing named children : Guy (deceased), Septer, Lloyd, Blondine (married to John Tewillayen, Avhom she survives, and resides at Standing- Stone), Ellen (married to Harry Clark), Collins L., Allen, Charles, Sarah (mar ried to Austin Frost), and John H., the youngest in the family. Our subject was educated in the common schools of his day, and upon reaching his majority adopted farming as an occupation, which he lias since followed. He was drafted September 27, 1864, and served in Company I, Fifty-first Regiment Pennsylvania Drafted Infantry, see ing until June 2, 1865, Avhen he was discharged. He Avas before Peters burg four months, and at the attack on Fort Steadman. After the close of the Avar he returned to Bradford county, and in 1857 purchased a farm in Herrick township, Avhere he resided until 1887, when he pur chased his present farm in Wyalusing township. He now owns sixty- one acres of fine farm land, beautifully located and well improved and stocked, where he does a general farming business. Mr. Brown was married November 11, 1857, to Roxanna Coleman, who was born March 23, 1840, a daughter of Nathan Coleman (deceased), of Herrick, and this union was blessed with six children : Sarah J., born Septem ber 29, 1860, married to J. Baxter, a farmer of Sheshequin ; Nelson, born October 28, 1866, died October 5, 1869 ; Nellie M., born July 18, 1869, married to John Shooks, a farmer of Herrick toAvnship ; Anna M., born September 10, 1871, died July 25, 1878 ; Myrtella, born June 3, 1874, and Frances S., born April 3, 1880. Mr. Brown is a charter member of Hurst Post, No. 86 G. A. R., and in his political views he is a Democrat. 672 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. J. H. BROWN, farmer, P. O. Canton, is a native of Southport, Chemung Co., N. Y, and was born June 18, 1857, a son of John and Martha C. (Wier) Brown, natives of Chemung county, N. Y. John BroAvn Avas in early life a lumberman, and is now president and general superintendent of the Elmira Silver Mining Co.'s mines in Banner, Idaho, a position he has held for eleven years ; was five years a mem ber of the Elmira Board of Supervisors and Avas chairman ofthe board for sometime. The subject of this memoir is the fifth in order of birth in a family of two sons and four daughters ; his brother William D. Brown organized the State Bank of Lisbon, Dak., and has held the office of president since the organization. J. H. Brown was reared in Southport, N. Y.,and received an academic education at Cook Academy, .HaA^nna, N. Y., where he attended two years. His father was the owner of Webb's Mills, consisting of one gristmill, two sawmills and timber land, and worked for his father two years ; then he and his brother, William D., purchased the business from their father, and they operated the mills together about three years, when J. H. pur chased his brother's interest, and in a short time sold and removed to Grover, Pa. In 1884 he was associated in the lumber business with W. J. Roy, three years, under the firm name of Brown & Roy, and they had one of the largest mills outside of Williamsport. This they sold to Mial E. Lilley, and Mr. Brown purchased a' farm where Ezra Spaulding settled in 1796 and built the first hotel in this part of the county ; the farm contains one hundred and sixty acres, fine buildings, and is under a good state of cultivation. Mr. Brown was first mar ried in Elmira, N. Y., in 1879, to Miss Ida, daughter of Oscar W. and Mary Ann (Nichols) Streeter, natives of Connecticut. Oscar W. Streeter was a mine operator in California. Mrs. Streeter is a daugh ter of Draper Nichols, who was a prominent lumberman, of Southport N. Y., and helped build the Northern Central Railroad. Mrs. Brown who was the only child, was born in Southport, August 10, 1858, and died at Hinesville, Ga., while there for her health, April 4, 1889. To Mr. and Mrs. Brown were born two children : Fanny May and Nellie Louise. Mr. Brown was married (the second time) in Canton, August 11, 1890, to Miss Belle O, daughter of Hon. B. S. and Achsah E. (Man- ley) Dartt. [Hon. B. S. Dartt was born September 8, 1826, in Charleston town ship, Tioga .Co., Pa., and there lived until he was seventeen years of age, when he removed to Canton, and was apprenticed to" Seneca Kendall to learn the carriage-maker's trade, where he remained three years ; then taught school one year. At the age of twenty-one he was united in marriage with Miss Achsah E., daughter of Thomas and Betsey Manley, of East Canton. To this happy union were born five children — one son and four daughters — namely: Thomas M. (deceased); Clara (deceased); Ida I., married to R. A. Hazleton ; Fannie P., mar ried to Charles D. Derrah ; and Belle C. (Mrs. J. H. Brown). Mr. Dartt enlisted in Company C, Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, where he went to the front as lieutenant. He remained in active service until "the last rebel laid down his arms, earning his successive promotions by his personal bravery and good and faithful soldiership, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 673 and Avhen peace returned to our country, the lieutenant returned to his home with a major's straps on his Avorthy shoulders." In 1866 Maj. Dartt removed with his family to Canton, and in partnership with Aaron Spaulding, engaged in the hardware business many years under the firm name of Spaulding & Dartt. After Mr. Spaulding's death, in 1874, Mr. Dartt carried on the business alone. He Avas a member of the Metho dist Episcopal Church, and organized the first Sunday-school in Canton, of which he Avas superintendent many years; was a member of the order of Good Templars, of which he was Grand Chief Templar of the State during the years 1875-76 ; a member of the G. A. R. Post and of the Masonic Fraternity. In 1871 he was elected to the loAver house of the State Legislature to represent Bradford county, and served two successive terms Avith honor and credit to his party. He suffered sev eral years from heart disease, and died at his residence in Canton, February 12, 1886, in the sixtieth year of his age.] Mrs. Brown is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and Mr. Brown of the Baptist Church. He is a member of the F. & A. M., Canton Lodge, No. 415 ; Troy Chapter, No. 261, and Canton Com mandery, No. 64 ; is a member of the Keystone Grange, and president of the Union Agricultural Association. Politically he is a Republican. L. O. BROWN, farmer, P. O. Orwell, Avas born July 1, 1830, in OrAvell township, this county, on the farm now owned by G. W. Brown, and is a son of Uriah S. and Pearlie (Howe) Brown, the former of whom was born in West Chester county, N. Y., but came to this county in early times. He had a family of sixteen children, tAvelve of Avhom reached maturity, viz.: E. R., G. W., Mehetable (deceased), Nathan (deceased), L. O., Augustus (deceased), James H, Sallie S., Almira (deceased), Mary, Henry (who was killed at the second battle of Bull Run; he was a member of the Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves), Lucy (married to John Eastman) and Terrissa J. The father in early life was a shoemaker, carrying his kit from house to house, traveling sometimes on foot and sometimes on horseback, and there were but few of the early families of this section of the country in his day who did not know him, and avail themselves of his skill. He had purchased a home in the wilderness where, in a rude log house, he left his wife and young children alone for days, while he pursued his calling, making and mending shoes to pay for his farm; he was killed by being thrown from a wagon by a run-away team in 1865. L. O. Brown passed his boyhood on the old homestead and at the common schools. When twenty-one he purchased a farm, and began farming, which he first followed in Windham, where he lived eight years ; then bought the farm he now occupies, comprising one hundred and thirty acres, all finely improved and well stocked. He was united in wedlock December 31, 1856, with Ellen, daughter of Jacob and Minerva (Tupper) Chubbuck, and to them have been born three chil dren : Fred L., born October 11, 1860 (was educated in the common schools and at Orwell Hill Academy, and became a book-keeper in Wilkes-Barre ; he married Maggie Green); Ella M. (born December 9, 1865, died February 19. 1S79), and Frank H. (born January 1, 1871. residing with his parents). The family are all members of the Methodist 674 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Episcopal Church, of Avhich Mr. BroAvn is class leader and trustee. He has" been a member for over thirty years, and an earnest worker during all that time. He belongs to the Prohibition party, and has held the oflice of school director. MORRIS C. BROWN, farmer, in Springfield township, P. O. Big Pond, was born February 28, 1837, in Chenango county, N. Y., a son of Benjamin and Didama (Crandall) Brown, the former a native of Massachusetts, and the latter of Chenango county. The father, who Avas a carpenter and farmer, removed to this county and settled, in 1840, near where the son, Morris O, now resides, and cleared a large farm. He raised a family of nine children, of whom our subject is the third in order of birth. One of the sons, Joseph B., served all through the Civil War, and was promoted from the ranks to be captain. The father, Avho was a man of influence, and a faithful Christian, died at the age of seventy-five years, and the mother at the age of seventy-six years. Morris C. Brown was reared on the farm, was educated in the schools of the town, and at his majority became a farmer. He was married July 28, 1861, to Harriet Leonard, of Springfield, who Avas born May 10, 1845, a daughter of Carlton and Diantha (Gates) Leonard, both families having been among the early settlers in the township ; her father was a teacher in early life, was sheriff of Luzerne county, Pa., and a merchant, and died at the age of seventy-five years, in Mercer county; her mother is living at the age of sixty years. To Mr. and Mrs. Brown have been born two children : Dora E., born September 18, 1864, wife of Burdell Smith, a farmer of Springfield toAvnship ; Mamie J., born May 21, 1867, wife of Elsworth Grace, a farmer of Smithfield township." Mrs. Brown is a member of the Methodist Epis copal Church. Mr. Brown is a Republican in politics, and a member of the International Fraternal Alliance of Baltimore, Md. He has a fine farm of one hundred and seventy acres, and his principal business is now sheep raising, formerly dairying. He is a good neighbor and a kind friend, respected by all who know him. OSCAR M. BROWN, farmer and stockgrower, P. O. West War ren, Avas born October 27, 1858, on the place he now occupies in Orwell township, and is a son of George W. and Betsie (Morey) Brown, the former of whom was born in West Chester county, N. Y., in 1822, and came to this county Avith his father when six years old, and helped to improve this farm, occupying an old log house Avhich stood close to the present site of the house. Grandfather Uriah S. Brown Avas one of the early pioneers. The mother Avas a native of this county, and when married resided where Dr. Conklin now lives. The father spent the greater portion of his life on the same farm, but about 1867 he purchased one hundred and twenty-six acres of timber land in Warren township, and removed to it in 1884; spent three years there, and then proceeded to Nichols, N. Y., and retired from active life. He had a family of six children: Charles W. M. Brown, M. D., of Elmira ; George I. of Dubuque, Iowa ; Stephen A., deceased, late of North Bend, Neb.; Martha J., married to James Baldwin; Oscar M., and Emma L., married to Seymour Canfield. Oscar M. Avas born on a farm, and received his education in the common school. He is HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 675 the only member of the family that never taught school. After reach ing his majority, he farmed for himself, working with his father. On March 2, 1882, he was united in marriage with Elcena, a daughter of Charles and Frances (Chaffee) Dimon, in Avhose family there were eight children, Mrs. BroAvn being the fourth ; the parents reside in Pike township. After marriage Mr. and Mrs. Brown commenced housekeeping on one of his father's farms, where they resided for three years, and then came to theirpresent residence. Their union has been blessed with two children : William Irving, born September 19, 1885, and George W., born September 18, 1889. Mr. Brown has fourteen cows, seventy-five sheep and young cattle ; carries on a dairy and is a patron of the Orwell Creamery. The improvements on the farm he occupies were put there by his father ; the house was rebuilt in 1856, and contains seventeen rooms. The family worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics Mr. Brown is a Republican. He is one of the successful business men of the county, as Avas his father who started with fifty acres of land and a log house, and worked his way up, until he is now among the largest land-holders of the county; one of its strong, self-made citizens. R. G. BROWN, miller, P. O. Grover, is a native of Canton town ship, this county, born October 15, 1841, a son of Orrin and Nancy (Wright) Brown, natives of Vermont. Orrin Brown is a farmer, resid ing in Canton township, and is in his eightieth year ; he is a son of Solomon Brown who was a native of Vermont, and an early settler in Canton toAvnship, near East Canton, where he died. Mrs. Nancy (Wright) Brown died in 1843. R.G.Brown, Avho is the youngest in order of birth in a family of three sons and one daughter, was reared in Canton tOAvnship and received his education in the common schools. He enlisted October 18, 1861, in Company C, One Hundred and Sixth P. V. L, for three years, and participated in the following battles : Fair Oaks, Peninsular Campaign, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Wilder ness, Spottsylvania, Petersburg ; was slightly wounded at the battle of Antietam, and was mustered out in front of Petersburg October 18, 1864. Returning home, he engaged in the butchering business in Canton, which he followed two-years ; then worked two years in the Granville tannery, and one year in the Grover tanneries for Adam Innes. He purchased an interest in the Grover gristmill Avith E. W. Wolcott, and at the end of one year J. C. Roup succeeded E. W. Wolcott. Ten years after going into the business he bought Mr. Roup's interest, and in two years he sold to C. A. Innes, and purchased a farm one mile south of Canton where he still resides. He began running the mill for J. H. Eastgatein November, 1889. Mr. Brown was married in Canton township January 26, 1865, to Rebecca, daughter of George and Charlotte (Gregory) Williams, natives of Luzerne county, Pa.; she is third in order of birth in a family of nine children, and was born in Canton township, November 15, 1845. Mrs. Brown is a member of the Woman's Relief Corps. Mr. Brown is a member of the G. A. R., Ingham Post, No. 91. Politically he is member of the Republican party. 676 HISTORY OF BRADFORD OOCNTY. T. F. BROWN, farmer and stock grower. Wyalusing. was born September 18. 1844. in the "Old Red" Tavern," Browntown. lately burned, a son of D. W. Brown, and passed his boyhood on his father's farm at Browntown. where he received a common-school education, remain ing' at home until eighteen. On March 8. I $64, he enlisted in Company D, Fiftieth P. V~. L, and served until May 3. 1865. when he was discharged Avith his regiment, lie received a gun-shot Avound in the left hand during the battle of the Wilderness, May 6, 1864. which sent him to the hospital for about thirty days. In the fall of 1864 he again Avas compelled to go to the hospital, from Avhieh ho was discharged; he Avas in all the battles from the Wilderness lo Peters burg ; after his return from the army he was a clerk in the employ of Stowel vt Hazen, Ithaca, N. Y.. one year; then returned to Browntown, where he farmed until October, 1SS1. when he removed to Elmira and until the fall of 1883 was in the drug business with his brother, F. M. Brown, M. D. ; then returned to his farm where he has since remained, lie has fifty acres of finely improA-ed farm land which he cultivates and has well stocked with' horses and cattle. Mr. Brown Avas united in marriage. No\'ember 16, 1871, with Matilda E. States, daughter of Capt. States (deceased), and by this union there are two children: Ernest L.. born May 19, 1873, and Theo. Grace, bom Octo ber 3, 1880. The family Avorship at the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is superintendent of theBroAvntown Sunday -school ; isa charter member of Jackson Post, No. 84, G. A. R,. and past commander, lie is a Republican and takes an active part in polities, and has tilled various town offices. ULYSSES FRANKLIN BROWN, farmer. Wysox township, was born in Monroe, this county, March 19. 1S30, a son of Ruel R. and Eliza (Manderville) Brown, natiA'es of Pennsylvania. In their family there are seven children, of whom the subject of these linos is the eldest. When but. a boy Ulysses F. Brown engaged in lumbering, and at twenty-one had learned the wagon-maker's trade, whieh business lie followed seA'en years. On September 13, 1864, he enlisted at Rochester, N. Y., in the Fiftieth New York Yolunteer Engineers, and was later transferred to the Fifteenth Now York Volunteer Engineers ; was mustered out June 13, 1S65, and returned to his farm wliore he has since resided. He was married May 14, 1853, to Mary, daughter of Andrew and Mary (Heard) White, natives of Pennsylvania, and of Irish and English descent, respectively. To them were born eight children as follows: Orlando W., born February 24, 1855; Howard S., born November 4, 1856; Mary M., born January 27, 1S58; Hattie O, born February 29, 1860 ; Earnest E., born January 8, 1862 ; Frankie 11., born October 27, 1864 ; L. Y. Veroquo. born July 18, 1870, and Etta O, born January 16, 1874. Mr. Brown is a member of Steven's Post, No. 69, G. A. R., is a Republican and has held the ollioes of town commissioner and school direotor. JOHN L. BRUNDAGE, proprietor of the " Brumlage House," Sayre, is a native of Orange county, N. Y., born April 7, 1855; his parents, Orsamus 0. and Phebe (Kimber) Brundago, wore also natives of Orange county ; the father, who Avas a farmer, died in his native HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 677 home in 1887, in his seventy-ninth year; the mother died in 1886 in her seventy-third year. The great-grandfather Kimber was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. John L. Brundage, who is the fifth in a family of seven children, was reared in Orange county, N. Y., until the age of sixteen years, when he enlisted, April 24, 1861, in Company D, Eighteenth N. Y. V. I. for two years ; some of the engagements he participated in were the following : Seven Day's fight in the Penin sular campaign, South Mountain, Antietam and Fredericksburg ; he Avas mustered out April 28, 1863; and in October, 1864, he re-enlisted in Company G. Fifteenth O. V. V. I., and Avas in Sherman's March to the Sea. He was mustered out at Columbus, Ohio, in June, 1865, and returned to Orange county, N. Y., where he remained about one year, and then went to Waverly, N. Y., where he engaged in the bakery business, and folloAved that about one year. He engaged in the livery business about a year, then commenced the manufacture of wagons, and followed that business five years, and then farmed for eight years in Tioga county, near Waverly. In 1883 he removed to Sayre, and worked at his trade in the locomotive works about two years, and at building and contracting; he erected a hotel adjoining his dwelling house on Thomas avenue, which he completed in February, 1891; it is 22x60 feet in size, three stories in height, containing seventeen rooms. Mr. Brundage was married in Sussex county, N. J., in 1866, to Miss Cynthia J., daughter of Charles and Mary (Casterline) Newton, natives of New Jersey, but residents of Chemung county, N. Y. Mrs. Brund age was born in Sussex county, N. J.. August 21, 1846, and is the eldest in a family of eight daughters. Mr. and Mrs. Brundage are the parents of tAvo children, viz.: Charles N. and George A. Mrs. Brund- .age is a member of Methodist Episcopal Church; Mr. Brundage is a member of the G. A. R., Mallory Post, No. 285, and is post commander of the Union Veterans Union, of Sayre ; is also a member of the Patri otic Order Sons of America, and Sexennial League. He has served one term as school director in Tioga county, N. Y., and was deputy postmaster at Wells Corners, Orange Co., N. Y., four years. In politics Mr. Brundage is a Republican. G. C. BRUSTER, druggist, Sayre, is a native of Waverly, N. Y., and was born October 3, 1862, a son of George N. and Rosannah H. (Ellison) Bruster, natives of Tioga county, N. Y. The father was a mechanic, and died in Waverly in 1871, in his forty-sixth year; the mother resides in Waverly. G. C. Bruster, who is the youngest in a family of three boys, was reared in Waverly, and received, his educa tion in the public schools. At the age of sixteen he began clerking in a drug-store, which he folknved until 1884, when he engaged in the drug business in Waverly, and then came to Sayre in the spring of 1886; and commenced in the same line. He was married in Waverly, in 1886, to Miss, Hattie E., daughter of Albert and Frances (Penney) Mullock, natives of Orange county, N. Y. She is the eldest in a family of four girls, and was born in Waverly, April 19, 1S64. To Mr. and Mrs. Bruster were born two children — Ralph and Ethylen. The family are members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Bruster is a member of the 38 6?8 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Iron Hall, Sexennial League, and International Fraternal Alliance. In politics he is a Republican. CAPTAIN JAMES BRYANT is a prominent manufacturer in the borough of Towanda. In peace and in Avar this gentleman's name is indelibly inscribed upon the records of his county and country. He is a New Yorker by birth, born July 20, 1833, a son of Daniel Bryant, a family of Scotch-Irish descent; the father was a skilled blacksmith by trade. Capt. James Bryant was reared in his native Columbia county, and was orphaned when a tender child, and found himself alone to do battle with a cold and cheerless Avorld ; but his strong Scotch-Irish blood stood the lad well in hand, and he battled nobly with cold and hunger, and when he Avas seventeen years old bound himself an appren tice to the wagon-maker's trade, serving three years; then worked at it as a journeyman, and the Civil War found him at his bench, but one of the first to volunteer as a private in the mustering squadron, and from private, by hard, meritorious service, he rose, step by step, to a captaincy in Company G, Fifth N. Y. O, in the three years' service. He was under fire two hundred times, and in the fiercest of the carnage at Chancellorsville, Antietam, Gettysburg, and many other sanguinary fields. His horse Avas killed under him at Hagerstown, and he was taken prisoner, May 17, 1864, at Poe River, Va., and Avas sent to Gordons- ville, Va., and had a taste of nearly all the horrors of prisons in the South ; finally was sent to Macon, Ga., but, taking desperate chances, he escaped and wandered by the dead of night, in hunger and terrible exposures, for many weary miles, but Avas re-captured and returned to the prison pens. Not crushed, though dreadfully sore of heart, he watched his opportunity and again made his "escape, and, for tunately, this time, blind chance led him to the lines of the Union Army, and he was saved, and the model skeleton was nursed back to life and, in time, mustered out of the service. During his entire service he had kept a diary of his personal movements, which was taken from him Avhen a prisoner, but it afterward fell into the hands of another soldier, who carefully preserved it and returned it to its owner, Avhen he met him at the general muster out at Washington. In the language of Horace Greeley, this little morceau will in the long future furnish some " mighty interesting reading." His discharge bears date February 1, 1865, when he returned to his native place, and, in 1867, he came to Towanda to make his permanent home. He purchased a small wagon shop and commenced the manufacture of vehicles in a small way, but has rapidly increased the trade and shop facilities, and now it is one of the prominent institutions of the borough, turnino- out all kinds of carriages, Avagons, sleighs, carts and road wagons, and has from ten to twenty-five employes. Capt. Bryant was united in mar riage at Kinderhook, N. Y.," April 17, 1855, to Margaret N. Peer, Avhose people are of Dutch descent, and their children are as folloAvs: May (Mrs. Charles Armstrong) ; Charles, who is one of the firm ¦ Catherine (wife of Jesse June, a ciAnl engineer of the Lehigh Railroad)' and Nellie. The family are Presbyterians. Capt. Bryant was burgess and councilman of Towanda from 1872 to 1877, and is a prominent HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 679 member of the G. A. R., Watson Post, No. 68, and has filled nearly all its offices. Politically he votes the Republican ticket. ABRAM BUCHANAN, farmer, P. O. Austinville, was born in Frankford township, Sussex Co., N. J., September 5, 1828, and is a son of Henry and Eliza (Brink) Buchanan. He was reared in his native county, and in 1850 located in Wells township, this county, where he resided until 1870, when he removed to Columbia township, to the farm he now occupies, and Avhere he has since resided. In 1856 he married Margaret, daughter of Andrew P. and Anna (Case) Bow man, formerly of New Jersey, and pioneers of Wells township. To Mr. and Mrs. Buchanan have been born three children: Irvin, Ger trude (Mrs. Clinton A. Wolf) and AndreAv Bowman. Mr. Buchanan is a prominent and representative citizen of Columbia township, as Avell as a leading farmer and dairyman, and raises very fine horses. Politically he is a Democrat. SAMUEL W. BUCK, attorney at law, Towanda, was born in Pike toAvnship, this county, June 9, 1855, a son of Perley H. and Elizabeth (Northrup) Buck. His paternal grandfather, William Buck, a native of New Hampshire, is said to have been one of three original, settlers of what is now LeRaysville, this county, Avhere he cleared and improved a farm, and died. He was the father of nine children, as folloAvs : Matilda (Mrs. George Seymour), Mehitable (Mrs. Eliakim W. Todd), Lydia (Mrs. Simeon Brink), Lyman, William, Samuel, Perley II., Fidelia, and Paulina (Mrs. Alfred Cheeseman). Of these, Perley EL, Avho was reared on the old homestead, has always been a farmer in Pike township, and has resided in LeRaysville since 1867. His wife, Elizabeth, Avas a daughter of Amos Northrup, at one time a resident of Bradford county, and of Connecticut stock ; by her he had six chil dren, viz. : Charlotte E. (Mrs. Martin S. Prentice), George W., Mary F. (Mrs. William J. Davies), Samuel W., Walter P. and Carrie L. (Mrs. Leslie A. Codding, deceased). Samuel W. Avas reared in his native county, educated at LeRaysville Academy and Union College, and was graduated from the latter in June, 1876. He studied law with Davies & Carnochan, of Towanda, and was admitted to the bar in May, 1879. He served as deputy treasurer of Bradford county ten years — from 1880 to 1890 — and commissioners' clerk eight years — from 1883 to 1890— and in 1889 was elected a member of the board of school directors of Towanda, upon which he is still serving. On Feb ruary 1, 1891, he entered actively into the practice of laAv. Mr. Buck married, June 15, 1882, Amelia O, daughter of Henry C. and Agnes C. (Schermerhorn) Glen, of Schenectady, N. Y., and has two children : Agnes E. and Perley H. Mr. Buck is a member of the Presbyterian Church; he is a Sir Knight Templar, and in politics is a Republican. In 1881 he published a compilation of the "Road Laws, and LaAvs Relating to Township Officers in Bradford County." LOUDON BUDD a prominent farmer and stock dealer, P. 0. Austinville, was born May 30, 1840, in Columbia township, this county on the farm where he now resides, and is a son of Albion and Aminta (Gernert) Budd ; his paternal grandfather, John Budd, a native of Maine and a ship-builder by trade, Avas among the pioneers of Columbia 080 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. township, settling on the farm now occupied by subject, and died there. By his wife, Polly, he had children as follows : Polly (Mrs. Phenias Clark), Phelina (Mrs. Daniel Watkins), Albion, Thomas and Achah, of Avhom Albion, father of Loudon Budd cleared and improved most of the old homestead, and resided there until his death in 1856, at the age of fifty-eight. He Avas twice married, first time to Aminta, daughter of Peter and Ann (Budd) Gernert (pioneers of Tioga Point, and later of Columbia township, and Avho were natives of Germany), and by her he had six children : Anna (Mrs. Stephen Wilbur), Emma (Mrs. John Van Wirt), Albion, Harriet (Mrs. Frank Parsons; has one daughter Harriet), Deborah and Loudon ; by his second wife, Celestia Parsons, he had two children : Mary (Mrs. Williard Harris, has one son, Loudon) and Sophia. Mr. Budd was a soldier of the War of 1812, and a pen sioner. The subject of this sketch was reared on the old homestead, where, with the exception of seven years, during which he lived in Elmira, he has always resided. He has been a buyer and dealer in stock since sixteen years of age. He married February 3, 1866, Catherine, daughter of Andrew and Ann (Case) Bowman, of Wells township, this county, formerly of Sussex county, N. J., and this union has been blessed with four sons: Albion L., Leon W., Andrew Tracy (who died at the age of six years) and Wesley L. (who died in infancy). Mrs. Budd is a member of the Baptist Church. Politically Mr. Budd is a Democrat. RUFUS 0. BUFFINGTON, farmer and stockman, South Warren, is a native of Warren township, and was born on the spot where he resides, August 14, 1820, a son of Benjamin and Experience (Coburn) Buffing ton, natives of Rhode Island and of English stock. Benjamin's father, Preserved Buffington, married an Arnold, and this old couple had nine children, of whom Benjamin, the second in order of birth, came Avith his father's family to this county in the first years of this century, and located in Warren township, where the parents spent the remainder of their lives among the earliest pioneers, of whom they were prominent and efficient factors in building up the new, wild country. The father improved a small farm, and died in 1851, his first wife and helpmeet having preceded him to the grave in 1823 (their family numbered five children, of whom Rufus C. was the fourth) ; his second wife was Rebecca Coburn, who died in 1840 ; his third marriage was Avith Char lotte Gridley. Rufus C. Buffington has spent his life on the spot Avhere he Avas born. He was educated in a limited way in the neigh borhood subscription schools, but learned practically and well how to farm, and now has eighty acres finely improved land. He was mar ried in Warren township, December 24, 1843, to Catherine, daughter of Samuel and Mary (Abell) Wheaton, natives of Rhode Island and of English origin, and to them were born nine children, of whom Cath erine was the second (she grew to womanhood in Warren township, an industrious and frugal farmer's daughter, and died December 11, 1884, leaving a daughter, Emma E. (Mrs. Judson Murphy, married January 8, 1873) ; Judson Murphy is the son of John W. and Delphine (Whit- aker) Murphy, natives of New York and Pennsylvania, respectively; he was reared in Warren township, and since his marriage has made HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 681 his home with his father-in-law, and manages the farm of his father-in- law, and has sixty-three acres of his OAvn ; they have an adopted child, but no issue of their oavh. Rufus C. Buffington has held the local office of commissioner and collector, and in politics is a Republican. HIRAM E. BULL, county surveyor, P. O. Towanda, with resi dence in East Towanda, was born in Orwell, this county, April 16, 1854, and is a son of Edward C. and Mary A. I. (Stevens) Bull, natives of Connecticut and Pennsylvania, respectively, and of English origin. In their family there Avere seven children, of whom Hiram E. is the eldest. He AAT"as reared on the farm, educated in the common schools, and the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute. At twenty he began life teaching, and taught eight terms. In 1877 he resigned his place in the Neath School to accept a position in the city engineer's office at Will iamsport, Pa.., where lie remained for three years ; then located in Towanda and engaged in civil engineering and surveying. In 1886 he was elected county surveyor, and re-elected in 1889. He is a Repub lican. On December 29, 1S81, Mr. Bull married A. Elizabeth Frisbie, a graduate of Elmira College, Elmira, N. Y., class of 1878. She was born in Orwell, this county, January 2, 1855, and is the eldest daughter of Aaron Gaylord and Ordelia (Darling) Frisbie, natives of Orwell. Mr. and Mrs." Bull have two children : Mary Ordelia, born February 26, 1S86, and Isabelle, born September 24, 1888. Mr. and Mrs. Bull are members of the Presbyterian Church. JOSEPH BULL, farmer, Monroe toAvnship, P. O. Liberty Corners, AAras bom in what is noAv Elkland toAvnship, Sullivan Co.,- Pa., Febru ary 2, 1818, the son of Francis and Elizabeth (Lambert) Bull, natives of England. They came to America, in 1801, and settled in Elkland, Avhere they remained thirty years, and then removed to the farm adjoining Joseph's on the Avest; they had fourteen children, of whom our subject is the seventh. Joseph Bull was reared on the farm, educated in the common school, and began life for himself at twenty- one, farming and lumbering, which ne folloAved four years. lie purchased his present home in 1842, and the next year he moved there, where he has since resided. Mr. Bull Avas married May 29, 1S42, to Miss Anna, daughter of George and Margaret (Reed) Irvine, of Monroe;' she died April 9, 1881; they ha\Te three living ohildren: James A... born April 22, 1846, carpenter and joiner, Towanda, married Miss Ann Sill, daughter of Joseph Sill, of Durell ; Florence M., born February 15, 1S54, and Francis P., born February 15, 1859, farmer, Monroe, married Miss Mary, daughter of Daniel and Lydia (Hollon) Cook (they have tAvo children : Harry and Maud). The family attend the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are strongly Democratic in their political vieAvs. C. W. BULLARD, clothier, Athens, is a native of Wyoming county, Pa., born January 16, 1851, a son of Thadeus F. (a farmer) and Editha (Pneuman) Bullard, the former a native of Pennsylvania, the latter of Connecticut. 0. W. Bullard, Avho is the third in a family of eight ohildren, received a public-school education, and in 1872 he entered Sterling & Son's store at Meshoppen, Pa., and clerked two and one-half years ; then Avent to Nebraska, remaining there until the spring 682 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of 1882, when he returned to Athens. On March 20, 1883, he started in business for himself, Avhere he is now located, and handles lino clothing, boots and shoes, furnishing goods, etc.; the merchant tailor ing department is under the firm name of Bullard & Mott, and is in the rear of the store room. Mr. Bullard has made his own Avay in life. He was married in Fremont, Neb., Ootober 22, 1879, to Miss Mary Tawney, avIio died in 1882; by this union there Avere two children: Ruth and Walter (latter deceased). Mr. Bullard was married, the sec ond time, in Athens, December 27,1883, to Miss Ella, daughter of Robert and Elizabeth (Thompson) Patterson (she is the second in a family of four children), and by this union there is one child, Jessie. Mr. Bullard is a member of the I. O. 0. F., Athens Lodge, No. 165 ; also of the Sexennial League. Politically he is a Democrat, and has served one term as councilman. 0. E. BULLOCK, farmer, Big Pond, Avas born in Smithfield town ship, this county, December 4, 1845, a son of Isaac F. and Luoinda (Williams) Bullock, former of whom removed from Bristol, R. I., to this county when a boy, and settled in Columbia township Avith his father. ' The family trace their ancestry back to the " Mayflower." The grandfather, Asa Bullock, was many years an extensive cotton- mill owner, and was among the early settlers of Columbia,. II is mother is a native of Smithfield township, and removed with her father to Springfield in an early day, settling on the farm on which 0. E. Bullock now resides, and on this property is the celebrated pond after which the postoffice is named. The farm comprises one hundred and fifty acres, under a fine state of cultivation, and productive ; there is also a feed mill on the place, which Mr. Bullock manages. lie is the fourth in a family of six children — five boys and one girl ; ono of the brother's, Darius, Avas in the Civil War, participating in many hard- fought battles. Their father was an adjutant in the State Militia and held many offices of public trust in the township. Mr. Bullock's grand father, Williams, was nearly related to the founders of Wiflliams College, Vermont ; he cleared up the farm which Mr. Bullock now owns, and operated two sawmills at one time on the place. Mr. Bullock was married March 31, 1881, to Addie Leonard, daughter of Clement and Orpha (Havens) Leonard, former of whom came here Avhen a boy with his father from Springfield, Mass., and Avere among the early settlers; he died at the age of thirty-five years. Mrs. Bullock's brother, Tim, was a soldier in the Civil War, having enlisted twice. Mr. Bullock takes an active interest in matters, both public and private. In politics he believes in a government for the masses and not for the few. No children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Bullock. C. E. BULLOCK, insurance agent, Canton, is a native of Canton, Bradford Co., Pa., born December 16, 1858, a son of Jesse E. and Betsey G. (Gerould) Bullock. Jesse E. Bullock was a native of Ver mont, a merchant by occupation, and served as justice of the peace a number of years; he died in Canton, in September, 1875, in his sev enty-third year. Mrs. Bullock died in June, 1890, in her sixty-ninth year. The subject of this memoir, who is the only child by this mar riage, was reared in Canton and received his education in the borough HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, 683 schools, attending also Lafayette College two years. He was editor and proprietor of the Canton Sentinel two years; then read law under M. E. Lilley, and was admitted to the bar in 1884. He only practiced his profession about two years ; was assistant cashier of the First National Bank of Canton one year, and became a member of the insurance firm of Krise & Bullock in February, 1890, in Avhich busi ness he has since been engaged. Mr. Bullock was married in Canton, this county, in 1891, to Georgia, daughter of Holister Oatlin. Mr. Bullock is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, Canton Lodge, No. 415, Troy Chapter, No. 261, and Canton Commandery, No. 64. Polit ically he is a Republican. Mrs. Bullock is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. GEORGE E. BULLOCK, capitalist, Canton, is a native of LeRays ville, this county, and Avas born January 15, 1844 ; his parents, Jesse E. and Margaret W. (Wright) Bullock, were natives of Vermont and Connecticut, respectively. Jesse E. Bullock removed from Smithfield to Canton in 1858 ; he Avas a merchant, and died in Canton in 1875, in his seventieth year. Mrs. Bullock died in LeRaysville in 1848. Darius Bullock, great-grandfather of George E., was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. George E. Bullock is the eldest, and only one now living, of his parents' two sons ; he was reared in LeRaysville until five years of age, Avhen his parents removed to Smithfield, where they resided about nine years, and then came to Canton. He received an academic education ; clerked in his father's store, and afterward was associated with him in business several years. In 1869 he went West and was engaged in the hotel business in Fort Scott, Kans., and in various other business enterprises, spending most of his time in Fort Scott while in the West ; he returned in 1872, and was engaged with Burke, Thomas & Co. about four years. After his father's death he settled up the estate, and engaged in the grocery business, until November, 1890, Avhen he sold his store. He was married in Canton, in 1876, to Harriet E., daughter of John and Patience (Hughes) Carr, natives of Tioga and Bradford counties, respectively ; she was born in this county, and is the eldest of a family of three children. To Mr. and Mrs. George E. Bullock were born three children : Jesse E., How ard C. and Margaret M. Mrs. Bullock is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Bullock is a member of the Masonic Frater nity, Canton Lodge, No. 415, Troy Chapter, No. 261, and Canton Commandery, No. 64; is also a member of the G. A. R., Ingham Post, No. 91. He has served three terms as a member of the borough council, and in politics he is a Republican. WILLIAM A. BULLOCK, Big Pond, was born December 27, 1839, in Smithfield, a son of Isaac F. and Lucinda Bullock. His, mother, Lucinda Williams Bullock, was a native of Springfield town ship, and his father of Rehoboth, Mass., who came to this State in 1817 with his father, Asa Bullock, a large owner of cotton mills at one time. He settled in Columbia township. Isaac F. Bullock, who was a man of influence and a member ofthe Universalist Church, died at the age of sixty-six years. William T. Williams, father of Mrs. Lucinda Bullock, was an old settler in Springfield, formerly of Massa- 684 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. chusetts, whose near relatives were the founders of Williams College in that State. He owned a large tract of land of over two hundred and fifty acres, a part of Avhich William A. noAv owns; his mother died at "the age of forty years. William, who Avas the eldest of the family, was married first in June, 1868, to Carrie Harkness, Avho died in May, 1876. His second marriage Avas August 29, 1877, with Edith, daughter of Joseph and Orpha Clark. Her father, who Avas a native of Ireland, came to this country when a young man. About the time of his marriage a terrible misfortune came to him, in the total loss of eyesight, but that did not make him discouraged, as some would have been, and by the united efforts of himself and his estimable Avife he bought and paid for a good farm. His wife, Orpha, was born in Hector, N. Y.;her childhood was spent in Monroe and her girlhood in Springfield. She Avas educated in the common schools, and became an excellent teacher ; taught several years at Chemung, N. Y., and in Ridgebury and Springfield. She was married first to Clement Leonard, by whom she had three children : Ada, Avho died at the age of two and one-half years, and Tim and Ada, who are yet living. Her second marriage occurred with Joseph Clark, by whom five children were born: Edith, Martha, Katie, Johnnie (now deceased) and Willis; she died in 1881, loved and respected by all. Edith C. Bullock, wife of the subject of this sketch, Avas born in July, 1851. She was a successful teacher before her marriage. Will iam and Edith have had five children born to them : Grace, born January 28, 1879, who died at the age of eight months; Blanche A., born March 19, 1880; Harrv.O, born January 18, 1882 ; Mary H, born February 10, 1884; and Katie O, born September 25, 1887." Mr. Bul lock is a Republican, has been a justice of the peace ten years, and is serving his third term, which Avill make fifteen years in all ; he was a charter member of the Grange, and first master. The postoffice has been in the family many years, and is now kept by Mrs. Bullock, Avho has been postmistress nearly eleven years. Mr. Bullock has a small farm, which he manages himself. He is a man with many friends. GEORGE L. BUNYAN, farmer, P. O. Granville Centre, was born, October 7, 1854, on the old homestead in Granville township, this county, where he now resides, a son of William and Roselta M- (Fitz-Gerold) Bunyan. The father, who was a native of Melrose, Scotland, and a car penter by trade, settled in Granville township about 1838, and cleared and improved the farm now occupied by his sons, George L. and Andrew, and died there. He Avas the father of eleven children, as follows : Mary (Mrs. John Jackson), Ann (Mrs. S. C. Wright), William, Silas (killed at Fort Johnson, North Carolina, July 3, 1863), Andre av, Frank (a soldier in the Civil War), Margaret (Mrs. Newton Landon), ¦ Jeannette (Mrs. O. Shepard), Effie (Mrs. J. W. Duart), George L. and Alice (Mrs. Dayton Saxton). George L. Bunyan Avas reared on the old homestead where he has always resided. In November, 1876, he married Charlotte, daughter of Albert and Sarah (Andrews) Barnes, of Granville, and has seven children : Roderick, James, Sarah, Carrie, Maggie, Helen and Rush. Mr. Bunyan is one of the enterprising and progressive farmers of Granville. In politics he is a Republican. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 685 MARCUS E. BURCH, drover, P. 0. Auburn Four Corners, was born in Susquehanna county, Pa., November 26, 1853, and is a son of R. H. and Palma (Harris) Burch, residents of Susquehanna county, former of whom has always followed farming, and latter is a daugh ter of Milton Harris, a prominent mill-owner and farmer of Susque hanna county, and a leader in the financial and political affairs of his county. R. H. and Palma Burch had a family of five children, viz., Marcus E.; 0. P. Y., a stockman of Colorado ; Milton P., a partner of the above; L. II., a mine owner in Lead ville, CoL, and V. D., a farmer on the old homestead. Marcus E. Burch was born and reared on a farm, at the age of sixteen commencing business for himself, and with the exception of the years 1888 and 1889 spent in the stone busi ness in Scranton, Pa., he has resided on a farm in Susquehanna county, Avhere he was engaged in farming and stock dealing ; in the spring of 1891 he removed temporarily to Siivara. He was married December 10, 1878, to Luzella Lowe, only child of William C. Lowe, a prominent farmer of Susquehanna county, and this union was blessed with three children: Amelia, Emory and Ennis. The mother of these children died August 10, 1889. Mr. Burch is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Meshoppen, and is a Republican in politics. BURCHILL BROTHERS, Arthur H, and Abraham B. and William, manufacturers and dealers in marble and granite -monuments and all kinds of cemetery work, Towanda, are natives of Chemung county, N. Y., and sons of Richard and Catherine (Driscoll) Burchill, natives of County Cork, Ireland, who came to America in 1854, and settled in Chemung county, N. Y., Avhere their father engaged in business as a contractor, in which he continued until his death. The subjects of this sketch were reared in Chemung county, N. Y.; each served three years' apprenticeship at the marble-cutter's trade, the second elder in Elmira, N. Y, and the youngest in Towanda. They established themselves in business in ToAvanda in May, 1878, where by careful attention to business they have built up a successful trade. Arthur H. was born in 1854, and was married January 27, 1880, to Margaret L., daughter, of John L. and Mary (O'Connor) Murphy, of Susquehanna county, Pa. Abraham B. Avas born in 1856, and Avas married November 23, 1881, to Annie, daughter of Peter and Kathe- rine (Waters) McDonald, of Sullivan county, Pa., and has five children, viz.: Katherine, Ellen, Annie, John and Mary. The junior member of the firm, William, Avas born in 1857, and married May 26, 1890, to Mary, daughter of Thomas and Mary (Ronan) Kendrick, of Towanda township. All the members of the firm are members of the Catholic Church, and in politics are Independent. ISAAC BURK, engineer, and postmaster at Sayre, is a native of Easton, Pa., born April 9, 1844, a son of Jacob and Sarah (Moser) Burk, the former a native of New Jersey and the latter of Pennsyl vania. The father, who was a butcher, died near Trenton, in 1850 ; the mother now resides in South Easton. Isaac Burk is the second in a family of three boys, of Avhom one died at the age of nine; his elder brother, Andrew, was killed in the Civil War at the battle of Cedar Creek, Va. Isaac Burk left Easton Avhen he was eleven years 686 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. old, and Avorked on a farm until he was eighteen years of age; then began an apprenticeship at the saddler's trade, working a short time. He responded to the call of his country for troops by enlisting, in August, 1862, in the nine-months' serA'ice, in Company C, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth, P. V. I., and went to the front; some of the important engagements he participated in were the battles of Second Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville. He was discharged at Harrisburg, May 8, 1863, and re-enlisted in December, same year, in Company E, Forty-seventh P. V. V. I., and was with his regiment through the Red River Campaign, under Banks ; also in the battles of Mansfield, Pleasant Hill and Kane River, and was injured while helping to build a dam across Red river at Alexander; Avas with Sheridan in the Shenandoah Valley, battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek, Va. He was mustered out at Charles ton City, December 25, 1865. Mr. Burk Avas married, August 8, 1868, to Edna, daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Decker) Kilpatrick, natives of Pennsylvania (she is the second in a family of six children, and was born in Freemansburg, Pa., July 22, 1850). To Mr. and Mrs. Burk Avere born four children : William H, Sarah, Elizabeth and Edna. After returning from the army, our subject worked two years in the Bethlehem Iron Works, and in 1869 went on the Lehigh Valley Rail road as brakeman, and a year later began firing ; in July, 1875, he was promoted to engineer, Avhich position ne held until December, 1890, Avhen he was appointed acting postmaster at Sayre. He is commander of Mallory Post, No. 285, G. A. R., Department of Pennsylvania ; a member of E. P. Hayden Command, No. 18, Union Veterans Union ; also a member of Sayre Division, No. 280, B. of L. E. Politically he is a Republican, and received the appointment as postmaster, March 17, 1891, for four years. CHARLES R. BURRITT, jeweler, Sayre, is a native of Delaware, Ohio, and Avas born October 8, 1855 ; a son of Rev. Charles D. and Orpha Ianthe (Randall) Burritt, the former a native of Ithaca and the latter of Camden, N. Y. Rev. C. D. Burritt Avas a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was president of the DelaAvare Sem inary, Delaware, Ohio, when he died, May 7, 1856, in his thirty-third year ; his widow survives. The Burritts are of the same family as Elihu Burritt, " the learned blacksmith," of Massachusetts. Charles, who is the only child by the second wife, Avas graduated at the Fre- donia State Normal School in the summer of 1875 ; then went to Ith aca, where he learned the jeAveler's trade, and worked until 1881, when he moved to Bradford ; remained there nine months, and then returned to Ithaca and there resided until 1886 ; thence went to Bal timore, and worked for one of the most prominent jewelers in that place about fourteen months, when he came to Sayre and started a jewelry store in May, 1887. In the.fall of 1890 he completed a new brick block, 35x26, south of the " Wilbur House ; " the hall above, owned by Burritt & Teed, is 50x26, and is well-fitted and furnished for a Lodge room, where thirteen different Orders meet. Mr. Burritt Avas married, in Ithaca, N. Y., in 1883, to Miss Emma D., daughter of Horace and Harriet A. (Steemburg) Presher, the former a native of HISTORY OK HRAOHORU COUNTY. 68? Tioga county, and the latter of Saratoga county, N. Y.; Mr. Fresher was a farmer, and a soldier in the Civil War; was taken prisoner and was eon lined in Andersonville prison eleven months, which ruined his health, and, lingering, ho died in 1872 in his forty-second year; his widow resides in Ithaca. Mrs. Burritt is the seoond in a family of throe ohildren that grow to maturity, and Avas born in Tioga county, N. Y., December 11, 1860. To Mr. and Mrs. Burritt were bom two children, viz.: Nina May and Edna Lillian. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church: he is a member of the Patriotic Order Sons of America. Equitable Aid Union and International Fra ternal Alliance. In politics he is a Republican. D. M. BURROUGHS, farmer, Franklin township. P. O. West Franklin, was bom in Delaware county, N. Y.. November 15, 1S29, a son of Hiram and Catherine (Griffin) Burroughs, both of whom were born in Delaware county. N. i.;thov came to this county in 1842. looated in LoRov township, and after one year removed to Monroeton. Avhere they resided throe years, after whicli they moved to Franklin township whore they resided until their death. The father died Feb ruary i'T, 1875, at the age of sixty-nine years; the mother survived him seven years. Uira.ni Burroughs improved and cleared a form of sixty acres of valuable land. His family wore nine in number — four sons and live daughters--- seven of whom are now living. The subject of this sketch, who is the fourth in the family, was roared and edu cated in Franklin township, and always lived and worked on a farm. On September 10, ISM, he married, at West Franklin, Miss Matilda, daughter of George ami Ellen Robinson, and to them have been born three sons, as follows: Daniel G., married to Delilah, daughter of John and Elisa MoKeel; Romona, married for his first wife to Clara Robinson, and for his second to Miss Ella Given; and "Mc." bis youngest son, who still remains single. Mr. Robinson ay as one of the early settlers in ToAvanda, and a weaver by trade, formerly from Phil adelphia, but a native of Scotland; he was a Revolutionary soldier. Mr. Burroughs depends mostly upon dairying, but is at the same time a general farmer. There is a mineral spring sulphur) on his farm: he has a valuable sand-hank of two grades of superior building sand. Mr. and Mi*s. Burroughs are members ofthe Church of Christ. ARTHUR R. BURROWS. Stevensville, was born October 16. 1849, a son of Joshua and Harriet 0. ^Bos\viek\ Barrows, former of whom is a representative of an old Now England family, bis mother being a descendant of the White family, who came over on the "May flower." The father, who is a cabinet-maker by trade, came to Pike township, this county, in 1840, locating on the farm now owned by his son. Art bur B.. and later engaged in mercantile business; at Stev ensville, but is now living in Gibson. Pa. In Ids family there are six children, of whom Arthur B. is the fifth. Our subject Avas reared on the form he uoav owns, and was; educated in the common school, aad at Fort Edward Institute. He began life for himself, at the age of twenty-one, in mercantile business at Stevensville, where he remained ten years, and has since been employed as traveling salesman. He Avas married January 31. 1878, to Mary Alice DeviiH\"and bv her has 688 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. one child, Fay Arthur, born December 13, 1873. This wife dying, Mr. Burrows married, August 19, 1879, for his second, Anna E., daughter of Thomas and Emeline (Whitney) Lyon, former a native of New York, of English-Quaker lineage, and the latter a native of Pennsylvania, of English and French origin. Mr. and Mrs. Burrows have two children : Urban J., born April 10,1880, and Helen L., born October 21, 1883. Mrs. Burrows is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Burrows is a stanch, zealous, life-long Democrat. He purchased his ? resent home in 1877, and has since erected the finest residence in 'ike township. J. K. BUSH, a prominent clothier and dealer in gents' furnishing goods, Towanda, is a native of Stroudsburg, Pa., and is a son of John B. and Catherine B. (Detrick) Bush, the former a native of Hartford, Conn., and the latter of Berks county, Pa. J. K. Bush, Avas reared in Stroudsburg and Philadelphia, received a common-school education, and in 1865 located in New York City, where, for a time, he was employed in a wholesale clothing establishment, and for several years was engaged as a contractor in painting and frescoing. In 1873 he came to Towanda, and embarked in his present business on Bridge street, where he continued a successful trade until the spring of 1891, when, to accommodate his increasing patronage, he removed to Main street, where he does an extensive business, occupying two large floors and carrying one of the largest stocks of goods to be found in Brad ford county. He was married November 19, 1870, to Elizabeth E., daughter of Edward Lamden, of New Eochelle, N. Y., by whom he has one son, Johnson L. Mr. Bush is a gentleman of industry and energy, and is a liberal and enterprising citizen. He is an attendant of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics is a Republican. ELLIHU BUTTLES, farmer and stock grower, of Onvell township, P. 0. South Hill, is a son of Jarves and Sarah Ann .Horton) Buttles, and was born in Orwell township, November 28, 1851 Jarves Buttles Avas one of the prominent citizens of his day, and was born in Connec ticut, October 16, 1800 ; he was twice married — the first time, October 21, 1828, to Alma Cowdrey, who was born August 19, 1805, and died July 2, 1843. By this marriage there Avere the following children : Otis J., born January 1, 1830, now of Herrick ; Lester F., born April 2,1831, died June, 1883 ; Emily J., born October 28, 1832, married to Leroy Hath way; Harlow J., born May 17, 1834; Samuel F., born January 5, 1836, died May 14, 1884 (was a member of the One Hun dred and Forty-first Regiment, and received a gun-shot wound in the back, at the battle of Gettysburg, which finally caused his death); Eliza M., born October 20, 1838, married to Thomas Smith ; Juliana, born December 10, 1840, died January 12, 1860; Elizabeth A., born December 12. 1842, married to G. M. Prince. For his second wife he married, March 7, 1848, Sarah Ann Horton, born October 8, 1816, a daughter of John Horton, of Rome, and by this union there are two children, viz. : Levisa, born May 27, 1850, married to Jason Forbes, and Ellihu ; the mother of these children died August 7, 1881 ; and father October 5,1890. Jarves Buttles came to Orwell toAvnship in February, 1817; he was a manufacturer of wooden bowls, and built HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 689 a factory ; he Avas an eloquent Methodist preacher, and the first justice of the peace in this section. He performed many marriage ceremonies and received all kinds of payments ; there is a gentleman yet living in this county Avho split tAvo hundred fence rails for Mr. Buttles to pay for his marriage ceremony. He Avas elected to the office of county commissioner; he wTas postmaster of South Hill over forty years, that oflice never having been out of the Buttles family. Elliliu Buttles Avas born and reared on the farm he now occupies, and attended the district school until nineteen years of age, securing a good common-school education. He engaged in farming on his pleasant place, containing about forty acres, a part of the old homestead, which at one time contained over two hundred acres. He has been twice married, the first time December 31, 1872 .to Ellen Atwood, daughter of George Atwood. She dying February 16, 1883, Mr. Buttles was married April S, 1SS4, to Mary E., daughter of Edward and Elizabeth (Barnes) Clark, of Standing Stone, who had a family of six children, of whom Mrs. Buttles is the eldest, born April 26 1S62; her youth Avas spent in Standing Stone, where she received her earlier education, and she afterward attended the Towanda Collegiate Institute; then at seventeen years of age she commenced teaching, which profession she followed several years. To Mr. and Mrs. Ellihu Buttles has been born one child, Dora M. Mr. Buttles is a Republican in politics. S. S. BUTTS, farmer and apiarist, Wyalusing township, P. O. Wyalusing, Avas born in Monroe county, Pa. May 25, 1833, son of Peter and Mary (Place) Butts, the former of whom was bom in North ampton county, Pa., in 1801, and the latter in Monroe county. Pa., in 1S10. His paternal ancestors Avere from Germany, and the ances tors on his mother's side Avere from Holland and Scotland. His father when fifteen years of age removed to Monroe county, where he married, learned blacksmithing, and worked at his trade until 1843, Avhen he removed to Mehoopany township, "Wyoming countv, and devoted him self to farming, until his death in 1S79. They had a family of thirteen children, viz. : Hannah (deceased) ; William, a brick manufacturer and grower of tropical fruit, of Sorrento, Lake Co., Fla.; Susanna M., married to L. G. Burgess, farmer of Susquehanna county; Catherine (deceased) ; Samuel (deceased) ; S. S. (subject) ; James P. (deceased) ; Charles resides on the old homestead ; Jerome S. (deceased) ; John P. (deceased) ; Theodore W. (deceased) ; Leonora F. and Frank H. (deceased). Our subject passed his boyhood in Mehoopany, Avas educated in the common schools and Wyoming Seminary, and began his career as a teacher, which he successfully followed many years, having a professional certificate granted him. After fourteen years thus spent he turned his attention to farming and that, combinedwith various other occupations, he has folloAved until the present. The years 1874 to 1886 he devoted to the organizing of the Order of Good Templars in Bradford and adjoining counties. In the spring of 1866 he purchased his present farm and removed to Bradford countv, Avhere he has eighty acres of finely improved land which he has Avell stocked, also owns the old homestead in Wyoming countA', which contains one hundred and thirty-six acres. He is largely engaged in 690 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the bee culture, to which he devotes much attention, especially to the rearing of queen bees for market ; he has large apiaries on each of his farms. Mr. Butts was married December 1, 1864, to Ursula C. Bowen, daughter of Elias S. Bowen, of Wyoming county, and they have had two children born to them : Mary L., born February 8, 1867, died June 15, 1886, and George E., born February 19, 1871. Mr. Butts, although not connected with any church, is an earnest Christian worker, and to him is largely due the erection of the beautiful union chapel of Lime Hill, which was erected in 1881 ; also the organization of the public library of that place ; politically he is identified with the Prohibition party. JOHN N. CALIFF, attorney at law, Towanda, Avas born in Smith- field township, Bradford Co., Pa., May 29, 1839, and is a son of Hosea and Mary (Pierce) Califf. Stephen Califf, his paternal grand father, came from Vermont to Bradford county in 1816, and settled in Smithfield township, clearing and improving a farm, on which he resided until his death." Hosea Califf also cleared a farm in Smithfield township, and died there in 1881. John N. Califf Avas'reared in Brad ford county, and was educated in the common schools, afterward attended Waverly Institute, Waverly. N. Y.; he read law with Over ton & Montanye, of Towanda, and was admitted to the bar in May, 1864. For several years he Avas deputy register and recorder of Brad ford county, and in 1871 he began the active practice of law in ToAvanda, and is recognized as a leading member of the Bradford county bar; he was district attorney for Bradford county in 1875-6-7. He was in the Civil War, enlisting in August, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., and after six months' service he Avas honorably discharged on account of disability. Mr. Califf married, in 1865, Rosa, daughter of James McCabe, of Towanda. He is a member of the Episcopal Church, and is a Sir Knight Templar, Scottish Rite. Politically, he is a Republican. REY. STEPHEN A. CALIFF, Presbyterian clergyman, East Smithfield, was born in East Smithfield township, this county, Febru ary 29, 1836, a son of Allen and Hannah (Thomas) Califf, former a native of Yermont, and latter of Rhode Island, of English descent; the family trace their ancestry to the year 1699. Gen. Warren, of Bunker Hill fame, Avas related to our subject's family on the mother's side. Grandfather Califf came to East Smithfield township in 1816, when his son Allen was four years of age, and here as a pioneer he commenced farming. Rev. Stephen A. Califf, who is the eldest of three children, Avas prepared for college at the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda, Avas graduated from Jefferson College and Princeton Theo logical Seminary, and ordained in 1867. He first located as pastor at West Newark, Tioga Co., N. Y., three years ; then spent two years in ministerial labor in Wells township, this county, and three years at Mclntyre, Lycoming county, whence, owing to failing health, he came to East Smithfield and remained till August, 1881, when he returned to Mclntyre, where he remained till 1884, in December of which year he again came to Smithfield where, in April of the folloAving year, he became pastor of the Congregational Church in the town of East Smithfield. Mr. Califf was married April 27, 1865, to Emily Matthews, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 691 Avho Avas born in OrAvell, August 13, 1833, the third in a family of seven children of Samuel and Betsy W. (Fletcher) Matthews, former a native of Connecticut, and latter of Vermont ; the Fletchers trace their ancestry back to Robert Fletcher, who was born in 1592. Mr. and Mrs. Califf have had born to them five children, as follows : Alden M., born January 29, 1866, was graduated from the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda, and is now at Princeton College ; Alice L. and Casper A., born July 20, 1868, attending the Institute at Towanda ; Martha and Grace died in infancy. Mrs. Califf's grand mother, Fletcher was a Ballou, niece of Hosea Ballou and a cousin of President Garfield's mother. Mr. Califf owns and manages a farm, and is still officiating as pastor of the Congregational Church at East Smithfield. In politics he is a Republican. He is beloved by his Con- gration and a wide circle of friends. CHARLES O. CAMP, manufacturer of spokes, Camptown, was born in Wyalusing township, Bradford Co., Pa., October 19, 1865, a son of J. D. and Mary A. (Smith) Camp, natives of Wyalusing township, and is the third in a family of four children ; the eldest, Stella, married M. H. Rockafellow, a blacksmith now residing in New York ; Alice, the second, died when twelve years of age ; the youngest, also named Alice, married Elmer Cox, a farmer of Pike toAvnship. Charles O. Camp Avas born and reared on a farm, was educated in the common schools, and at the Camptown Academy; when twenty years of age he began to learn the carpenter and joiner's trade, working a year Avith W. B. Camp, and two years with J. W. Lathrop ; he entered the employ of C. H. Amsby and operated the spoke department of the latter's factory at Camptown, also learning carding, etc. In this position he remained until 1891, when he leased the factory and has since been having a successful trade in both carding and spoke manufacturing, he being a skilled mechanic and machinist. Mr. Camp was married to Mary Graham, a daughter of Richard Graham, a farmer of Wyalusing; politically he is identified with the Republican party. GEORGE S. CAMP, farmer, P. O. Herrick, was born near Camp- toAvn, this county, June 17, 1819. His father, Isaac Camp, was born near Hartford, Conn., January 25, 1782. His grandfather, Job Camp, Avas also a natiAre of Connecticut. Isaac Camp came to CamptoAvn in 1800, and served an apprenticeship to the millwright trade, during which time he married, February 10, 1803, Mary Polly Lacey, the eldest daughter of Ebenezer and Lydia (Pratt) Lacey, of Luzerne county, Pa., and remoA'ed to NeAV York State. He had Avorked at his trade several years, and his family had increased to six, when he came back to this county and located in Wyalusing township, in the year 1816. In 1825 he purchased a farm in Herrick township, on which he remained the rest of his life, as a farmer and millwright, and died January 3, 1861 ; his wife died in February, 1876, in her ninety- second year. They had nine children: Clark C, Isaac, Joseph, Lydia A. (wife of M. Weldon), Albert G., Marietta (wife of Charles Over- peek), George S., Clarissa (wife of J. S. CraAvford) and Thaddeus S. George S. Camp came to Herrick township in 1825, in his sixth year, and attended what is said to have been the first school in Herrick 692 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. township. This he attended nine years; his first teacher being Han nah Smith, Avho afterward married his brother, Joseph Camp. After leaving school he helped his father until his twenty-sixth year, when, in 1845, he married Maria Jennings, a daughter of John and Sarah (Overpeck) Jennings, the second in a family of seven children, five of Avhom are living. In 1849 he purchased, from his brother Joseph, a house and lot, in which he now lives. In 1850 his father divided the property, and George S. received, as his share, forty acres adjoining his first purchase. He has spent his whole life farming. He built his barn in 1851, and an addition to his house in 1859. Mr. Camp is a member of Wyalusing Baptist Church, and is a Republican. He and his wife have had four children: Emma, wife of C. J. Vosburg; Lou isa, wife of C. C. Wood; Lydia O., Avife of George J. Johnson; and Priscilla. WILLIAM HENRY CAMP, wagon-maker and blacksmith, Spring Hill, Avas born in Pike township, this county, November 4, 1831, and is a son of Daniel and Harriet (BosAvorth)Camp, natives of Pennsylvania, and of New England origin; in their father's family there were the folloAving children : William Henry, Theodore A., Charlotte M. (deceased), Irene G. (now Mrs. George Smith, of Philadelphia, Pa.), Reed B. and Daniel W. Our subject began life for himself at twenty-one, blacksmithing at Inghamtown, this county, remaining there two years, then went to Lacey ville where he worked at his trade six years, removing to Camp town where he worked a year and a half ; then came to Spring Hill, Avhere he has since been engaged in manufacturing and repairing all kinds of wagons, and doing general blacksmithing; indeed, it might be said that he is the only first-class wagon-maker in Tuscarora township, and has succeeded in his business generally. Mr. Camp Avas married October 10, 1855, to Miss Jennie, daughter of Israel and Eliza (Wells) Buck, of Wyalusing, and they ha\Te five children, viz.: Eldridge Weston (born June 7, 1858, died May 18, 1885), Lottie Estella (born March 16, 1861, now Mrs. Lewis Rutan, of Wyalusing), Elzia Harriet (born Julv 11, 1868. died September 28, 1884), Perrin Wells (born October 2, 1872) and Victor Eugene (born May 13, 1876). The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Spring Hill, and he is a member of the F. & A. M. at Laceyville. In politics he is an unyielding advocate of the principles of Prohibition. A. J. CAMPBELL, a farmer in South Creek toAvnship, P. O. Wells burg, N. Y., was born in Ridgebury township, this county, July 13, 1832, a son of John and Mercy (Word en) Campbell. His mother died Avhen he was tAvo clays old, and when two Aveeks old he was adopted into the family of Calvin West, who was captain of a company of militia, and Avas known as " Capt. West;" he was an extensive lumber manufacturer and an enterprising man in all branches of business ; he built several sawmills in his time, and was the founder of the gristmill at Wellsburg, N. Y.; also erected several dAvelling houses; he pur chased five hundred acres of land from the owners, Alexander Johnson and George Gavit, of Philadelphia; thisland was heavily timbered ; the timber, when manufactured into lumber, was shipped down the Susque hanna river, also to NeAV York and other Eastern markets. Mr. West HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 693 Avas married four times. His first wife was Betsey Elizabeth Covill, whom he married in 1820, when he was fourteen and she was twelve years of age ; to them were born seven children, all of whom grew to maturity. About the year 1871, when at the age of seventy, he dis posed of all his property in the East, giving to each of his children about $3,000 in real or personal property or money, selling off the bal ance, and with nearly $30,000 went to the Stateof Wisconsin, where he purchased a large farm and built a palatial residence, also a large stock barn and other out-buildings to correspond. He died March 28, 1886, at the advanced age of eighty-eight years. Mr. A. J. Campbell remained with Capt. West until he was of age, according to a contract received from Alexander Johnson, who was boarding at Capt. West's while on business, about the time the child was adopted by him. Mr. Johnson gave the captain $5.00 if he would name the child Alexander Johnson Campbell after him, the $5.00 to be invested in sheep at $1.00 a head, the sheep to be doubled every four years, until the child became of age ; this Avas agreed upon, and the plan carried out for a number of years, but was finally neglected altogether, in consequence of which failure Capt. West gave Mr. Campbell eighty acres of good land ; he aftenvard made him an heir of the estate along with his own children, giving him eighty acres more. Mr. Campbell occupied this property in 1865, and he is now living on it. He spent seven years in the West, and three years one month and eleven days in the army. During this time he married, in Harvard, III., January 4, 1864, Nancy, daughter of Edward and Jane Hogan. At the time of his marriage he was serving his country as a soldier, in Company K, Second Wisconsin Cavalry, for the term of three years, and was home on a furlough ; he served his time and was honorably discharged as corporal. To Mr. and Mrs. Campbell was born, in 1868, oneson named Frank M. E. Mr. Campbell carries on general farming, and is pros perous. Politically he has been a Republican since the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion in 1861. There is on his farm a mineral spring, known by many of the old settlers of the county as "Dick's Lick," where many deer haA'e been slain, but the water has not yet been analyzed. CHAUNCY C. CAMPBELL, farmer, P. O. Hoblet, born in Bur lington, this county, November 11, 1843, is a son of George W. and Harriet (Kingsley) Campbell ; his grandfather, William Campbell, set tled in Burlington early in this century, and was among the first set tlers of that town. George W. Campbell was a lumberma,n and farmer, in which business Chauncy was reared. When twenty years of age, Chauncy enlisted in the State Militia, and aft'-r a short time re-enlisted in the general service in the Civil War, and was in many hard-fought battles. His brother, George, was also in the service, and was a prisoner sixteen months. Chauncy Campbell is fifth of his par ents' nine children. On January 1, 1867, he was united in marriage with Tempie, daughter of Joseph and Margaret (Jerolomon) Van- Kirk, natives of New Jersey; she Avas born April 20, 1847, and is the sixth in a family of nine children, they being of German and French extraction. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell have had four children, as fol- 694 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. lows : Elmer O., born October 12, 1867, married to Lucy Taylor ; Joseph W., born February 20, 1871 ; Mattie J., born March 8, 1879, and Harrison K, born September 29, 1882. Mr. Campbell settled twenty-three years ago where he yet lives, and now owns a fine farm, being a prosperous farmer, making dairying his principal industry. He is a member of the G. A. R., and takes an active interest in the politics of the Republican party. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he is one of the trustees. DANIEL CAMPBELL, farmer, P. O. Litchfield, was born in ' Litchfield township, Bradford Co., Pa., August 14, 1830, on the farm now owned by T. W. Brink, and is a son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Struble) Campbell. Jacob Campbell spent most of his life after he was seven teen years of age in the township where he Avas born, folloAving the agricultural and lumbering business. Jacob and Elizabeth Campbell had the following named children: Eliza Arin, married to Alanson Carner, and residing at Athens ; Sally Maria, married to D. S. Chand ler, of Litchfield ; Ralph, died in Clearfield county, unmarried ; Jacob S., married to Ann Fredrick, and living at Hyatt's Ferry, N. Y.; Daniel, Moses J., married to Mahala Russell, both deceased ; G. J., married to Phoebe Perry, who died some years since; C. H., married to Isabelle Fredrick, a farmer and blacksmith residing at Litchfield ; William B., married to Mattie Campbell, of Litchfield. At the age of eighteen Daniel Campbell left school and engaged in agricultural pur suits, which he followed several years ; also carried on a lumber busi ness in Clearfield .county. He settled on a farm in Litchfield town ship Avhich he now owns. His wife's name was Leah Fredrick, and they have one son, who married Huldah Carmer, and is now employed as clerk in Athens. Mr. Campbell is a member of the I. O. O. F., Litchfield Lodge, No. 938, and in politics is a Democrat. JESSE W. CAMPBELL, of the firm of De Lano & Campbell, gro cers, Towanda, was born in Candor, Tioga Co., N. Y., December 30, 1854, a son of George W. and Evaline (White) Campbell, and is of Scotch and German descent. His parents settled in Bradford county in 1856, and are now residing in New Albany, where the father is engaged in farming. They Avere the parents of five children, as follows : Jesse W., Laura (Mrs. Frank Coolbaugh), Mary (Mrs. Earl Wilcox), Rhoda and George W. Jesse W. Campbell was reared in Bradford county, and received a common-school education. From May, 1879, till April, 1880, he "was employed as a clerk at the "Inter national Hotel," Towanda, by S. M. Brown ; from there he went to the "Elwell House," in the employ of O. Kellogg, where he remained nearly four years. In May, 1884, he entered the employ of Powell & Co., general merchants, with whom he remained until May, 1889, when he entered into partnership with S. S. De Lano, in the present grocery business, and they are doing a thriving trade. Mr. Campbell Avas married in May, 1881, to Mary, daughter of Thomas and Bridget (Supple) Fitten, of Marshview, this county, by whom he has two chil dren : Charles and Mary. He is a member of the Catholic Church, and in politics he is a Republican. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 695 JOSEPH CAMPBELL, farmer, of New Albany township, P. O. New Albany, was born in Monroe township, this county, March 27, 1834, a son of John and Mary (Winter) Campbell, the former of whom, a miller, was of Scotch origin and a native of Lancaster county, Pa.; the latter Avas of Dutch ancestry, a native of Monroe township. The grandparents Avere among the early settlers in the county. The father attended the first mill at Masontown, and then built a mill in company with Jeremiah Blackman, near the line of Monroe and Albany, and has been connected with milling and farming all his life. The subject of this sketch Avas reared on his father's farm, and has folloAved farming many years. In February, 1862, he enlisted in Com pany G, One Hundred and Seventh P. V. I., and served one term ; in January, 1864, he re-enlisted in the same company and regiment, and served altogether three years, three months and eleven days. While on skirmish line in front of Petersburg, he was wounded by a gunshot in the left arm, Avhich necessitated amputation near the shoulder. He was in the service until May, 1865, and enjoys the largest pension in the township. He had three brothers, four brothers-in-law and- five nephews in the Civil War. Since his return home he has been a teacher, having taught sixteen terms of school. Mr. Campbell was married, December 25, 1859, to Lurinda Brown, of New Albany, born in 1842, and to this union were born two children, both of whom died in infancy. Mr. Campbell is a quiet and much respected citizen ; a Republican in politics, he is well-informed in political matters. JOSEPHUS CAMPBELL (deceased) was born in Burlington, this county, November 13, 1818. His paternal grandfather, James Campbell, one of the first, if not the first, settler in the town of Bur lington, was of Scotch ancestry and directly descended from the Pilgrims, and his son, the father of our subject, was born in Massachu setts and was a mere lad when the family removed to Burlington township. The grandfather, James, died here in 1813 at a great age ; he Avas a soldier in the Revolutionary War. Our subject marri.ed Asenath Miller in 1841, and to them were born five children, of whom Delmer V. and Homer C. (twins), born June 10, 1860, are now on the old homestead. Mr. Campbell Avas a man of influence and a Republi can in politics ; he was county commissioner at one time, and held other offices of public trust; he died in 1874 at the age of fifty-five years. Mrs. Campbell survives him and is now aged sixty-eight years. Homer C. Campbell, Avho is a bachelor, owns one hundred and sixty acres of the old farm; Delmer V. owns ninety-five acres of the same; it is as fine farming land as can be found in the township. Delmer V married Julia Moscrip, daughter of William Moscrip, a farmer, a Scotchman by birth, who came to America a young man. STERLING K. CAMPBELL, farmer, P. O. Hoblet, Avas born in Smithfield township, this county, January 30, 1850, a son of George W. and Harriet (Kingsley) Campbell, former of Avhom was born in Burlington township, and latter in Smithfield, this county; his great grandfather Avas from Scotland. Sterling K. Campbell is the seventh in a family of nine children, of whom two sons, George and Chauncy O, were in the Civil War ; George served through the entire conflict, 696 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and was a prisoner for thirteen months. Mr. Campbell, our subject, was reared on his father's farm, and has followed agricultural pursuits. He was married, November 9, 1871, to Arlett Bird, Avho was born November 19, 1847, and died April 14, 1884 ; she was a daughter of Orpheus Bird, of Smithfield. To Mr. and Mrs. Campbell were born four children, viz.: Jennie B., born September 25, 1872 ; Ida M., born March 31, 1874 ; Lettie B., born November 16, 1876, and Harry S., born August 28, 1878. Mr. Campbell has by perseverance and economy become the owner of a fine farm of one hundred acres, and he is a successful business man. He is a member of the Knights of Honor ; he is a Republican, and an active worker, taking an interest in the affairs of the tOAvn, and in politics in general. WILLIAM B. CAMPBELL, farmer, P. O. Brink Hill, was born October 25, 1846, in Litchfield township, Bradford Co., Pa., on the farm he noAv owns, son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Struble) Campbell. He received his early education in the common schools of Litchfield township, and at the age of twenty -one engaged in farming, which he has since followed in connection with steam threshing; his farm, Avhich he has greatly improved, having recently erected a fine residence thereon, consists of one hundred and twenty-five acres of land nearly all improved. Mr. Campbell married, in 1887, Mattie, daughter of John and Laura (Shockey) Campbell. She is the fifth of her parents' six children: George, the eldest, married Mary Henderson, deceased; Alice married W. Cowles, a wagon-maker in Athens township ; Frank ; William (died at the age of tAvo years) and Harry. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell have one child, Mabel L., a bright little girl of two years. Politically Mr. Campbell is a Democrat, and noAv holds the oflice of postmaster at Brink Hill. CLARENCE W. CANFIELD, chief clerk and paymaster, Union Bridge Works, Athens, is a native of Athens, born July 2, 1848, a son of John E. and Fannie E. (Reeve) Canfield, natives of Orange county, N. Y. His father was a prominent member of the Bradford bar, admitted to the practice in thiscounty. and devoted the best years of his life to his profession ; he died in February, 1860, in his" forty-first year ; his widow survives. Mr. Canfield's grandfather, on his mother's side, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. C. W. Canfield is the eldest in a family of five children, of whom two are living. In Sep tember, 1862, he joined the State Militia under Gov. Curtin's first call, but Avas out only a short time, after Avhich he worked on a farm until September, 1864, when he went to Virginia, and was engaged in the Government Construction Corps. Returning home after the close of the war, he was then for a time employed in the engineer corps of the Lehigh Valley extension, and on the"opening of the road, in 1868, Avas newsboy for a year; then joined the engineering department of the Ithaca & Athens Railroad, and during the construction of same in 1870 and part of 1871 he had charge of the northern end under the chief engineer. Early in 1871 Mr. Canfield entered the employ of Col. C. F. Welles, as clerk and bookkeeper, where he remained until after his death. In November, 1875, he began work for Kellogg & Maurice (succeeded by HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 69? Union Bridge Company), and has been in their employ since. Mr. Canfield was married in Binghamton, N. Y.,in June, 1873, to Hattie O, daughter of Jabez and Fannie E. (Curry) Havens, natives of this county (she is the fourth in a family of seven children, and was born in this county, August 30, 1849). To Mr. and Mrs. Canfield were born two children : Mary I. and Fanny E. Mrs. Canfield is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Canfield is a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, Union Chapter, No. 161, Northern Com mandery, No. 15; Lulu Temple A. A. 0. N. M. S., Philadelphia; also Perkins Post, No. 202, G. A. R. He received, unsolicited, the unani mous Democratic nomination for Congress (Fifteenth District) in 1890, made only one month before election, and reduced the old-time Repub lican majority of between 5,000 and 6,000 to 2,200. DANIEL C. CANFIELD, farmer, P. O. Austinville, was born May 27, 1827, in Columbia township, this county, on the farm where he now resides, and is a son of Moses B. and Betsey (Crippen) Canfield ; his paternal grandparents were Oliver and Sally (Bradley) Canfield, who came from Redding, Fairfield Co., Conn., to Bradford county in 1800, and stopped for a year where Austinville now stands, clearing a small tract of land, and then removed to the farm occupied by subject, which, Avith the assistance of his son, Moses B., he (the grandfather) cleared and improved, and here he died. He Avas a Revolutionary sol dier seven years, and did all the marching barefoot over the frozen ground and snoAv. He was the father of two children, Moses B. and Daniel, the former of whom succeeded to the homestead, on which he resided for many years ; the last ten years of his life were spent in Rutland township, Tioga Co., Pa., where he died in 1868, at the age of seventy-four years ; his wife was a daughter of Roswell Crippen, of Delaware county, N. Y., by whom he had nine children : Sally (Mrs. Oarlonus Spencer), Hiram, Polly (Mrs. Eben J. Bosworth), Daniel O, Lucy (Mrs. Silas Holly), Ann (Mrs. Henry Van Nocken), Melinda(Mrs. Wright W. Clark), Oliver (died in the United States service during the late Civil War) and Louisa (Mrs. Leonard Bailey). Daniel C. Can- field was reared on the old homestead, where he has always resided, and which has been in the Canfield name upward of eighty years. He married, February 10, 1856, Lydia, daughter of David and Lois (Brown) Edgeton, of Sullivan, Tioga Co., Pa., and by her he had two children: William D. and Emma (wife of Alfred Burleigh, but died, leaving one son, Harold O). Mr. Canfield is a leadingand enterpris ing farmer of Columbia township. In politics, he is a Republican. CHARLES II. CARD, farmer, P. O. Sylvania, was born in Colum bia township, this county, December 5, 1842, and is a son of Henry B. and Sarah (Fish) Card. His paternal grandparents, Henry and Sally (Monro) Card, natives of Rhode Island, settled in Columbia township in 1829, and took up the farm now occupied by our subject and other members of the Card family, cleared and improved it and died there. Henry Card was twice married, first to Sally Monro, by whom he had ten "children: Martha E. (Mrs. H. N. Fish), Henry B., Mary (Mrs. Thomas Ames), Sarah T. (Mrs. Benjamin Calkins), Eliza beth (Mrs. Reuben Nash), Julia S. (Mrs. James M. Thompson), George 698 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. M., Caroline M. (Mrs. N. E. Calkins), Thomas M. and Hannah. Henry Card's second wife was Catherine Miller, by whom he had three chil dren : Anson M., Harriet and Joseph B. The father of our subject was reared in Columbia township from thirteen years of age, and in 1843 removed to Sullivan township, Tiogo Co., where he cleared a farm which he still owns, and he resides in the toAvnship. By his wife, who Avas a daughter of Robert Fish, of Sullivan township, he had three children who grew to maturity: Charles H, Homer B. and Martha E. (Mrs. Frank Beardsley). In 1861 . H. B. Card was elected treasurer of Tioga county for the term of tAvo years. Charles H. Card Avas reared in Tioga county, Pa., was educated in common schools and Wellsboro Academy, and since attaining his majority he has been engaged in farming, stock-buying and butchering ; for the past nine years he has resided on the old homestead in Columbia township. He was twice married : on first occasion to Mary, daugh ter of John Benedict, of Columbia township, by whom he had one child, Flaude ; his second wife Avas Mary, daughter of Jefferson Bailey, of Granville township, and by her he has three children : Bowen, Ethel and Lula. Mr. Card was in the Civil War, having enlisted August 30, 1864, in Company A, Two Hundred and Seventh P. V. I., and was honorably discharged after nine months' service. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; in politics is a Republican. JOHN H. CAREY, farmer, P. O. South Warren, is a native of Connecticut, born December 13, 1823, a son of Daniel A. and Wealthy (Hamilton) Carey, also natives of Connecticut and of English stock. They were among the early farmers of Bradford county, as they came to Warren township in 1825; indeed the recollections of the oldest inhabitants here are that there Avas but one house in sight when Mr. Carey and his sons cleared their farm ; the father died in 1874, and the mother in 1882. They had a family of ten children, of whom John H. is the fourth in the order of birth. He grew up as a pioneer boy of the time, giving sparse time to the schools, and learning all about clearing and farming and lumbering, the latter being his winter work when he was still a lad. He is now the owner of the old homestead, a fine farm of one hundred and forty acres, one of the best in the county. HeAvas married in Warren township, in 1852, to Betsey L. Newman, daughter of Nathan and Parmelia (French) Newman, natives of Massachusetts and of English extraction, the former of whom came to this county in 1821, another pioneer to Warren township, and died in 1878, the latter had died in 1874 ; they had fourteen children, of whom Mrs. Carey is the fifth, born and educated and married in Warren township. The fruits of the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Carey were four children, as follows : John Fremont, born July 21, 1856, the year Fremont became the first Republican candidate for President he married Jessie Smith, and has two children: Alice, born January 31, 1888, and William H, born November 9, 1889) ; Jessie Florence, born June 2, 1858, married John G. Dimon, and has one child, Lena, born August 9, 1880 (John G. Dimon, died July 9, 1881, and his wife fol lowed him to the grave February 11, 1882) ; William H., born June HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTV. 690 21, 1860, was married August 10, 1887, to Zoe W. Hopson, and ha's one child, Mildred, born April 12, 1890, and Martha Alice, born Sep-' tember 24, 1865. The voters of this family are Republicans. John 11. Carey and family are Methodists, of which church he is trustee and class leader; has held the offices of assessor and judge of elec tions. His father was a prominent though quiet, good citizen, was a justice of the peace a full term, and avus re-elected, but on account of failing health declined to accept the second term ; he serA'ed several terms as supervisor. . JOHN CARMODY, yard boss, Lehigh Yalley Railroad, Towanda, Avas born in Cappaghwhite, County Tipperary, Ireland, February 14, 1826, and is a son of Dennis and Jane (Cormick) Carmody, natives of Counties Tipperary and Limerick, Ireland, respectively. He Avas reared in his native county, and educated in the Government schools. In 1848 he came to America, and in the spring of 1849 settled in Browntown, this county, Avhere he Avas employed by Patrick Burke, contractor, for four years, and later was employed by the North Branch Canal Company nine years, He removed from BrowntoAvn to Wyalusing, ivhere he was one year "section boss" on the canal, and where he served twenty-five years in the same capacity, on what is known as the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and also three years in ToAvanda as yard boss. Mr. Carmody married, in 1841, Mary, daughter of Michael and Jane (Hammersley) Ryan, of County Tipperary, Ireland, by whom he had ten ohildren, as follows : Jane (Mrs. John Whalen), Dennis (deceased), Sarah (Mrs. Michael Ryan), Mary, John, Michael, William (deceased), James, Thomas and Robert ; all the sons living are energetic and enterprising men, and are occupying good positions. Mr. Carmody is a member of the Catholic Church ; in politics he is a Demoorat. PHILO S. CARPENTER, M. D., Troy, was born in Spring water, Livingston Co., N. Y., April 15, 1848, a son of Seneca and Lydia (Bliss) Carpenter, natives of Massachusetts and of Puritan stock. He Avas reared in Allegany county, N. Y., and educated at Union Semi nary, Rogersville, N. Y., where he was graduated in 1870. He began the' study of medicine in 1871, Avith Dr. J. S. Doles, of Ilornellsville, N. Y., and later studied with Dr. George St. John, of Canaseraga, N. Y. He entered the Medical Department of the University of Wooster at Cleveland, Ohio, September 1, 1872, where he Avas graduated in March, 1875. Soon after he began the practice of his profession at Austinville, this county, Avhere he remained nine years, Avhen he took a post-graduate course at Belle vue Hospital Medical College and New York Post Graduate School, where he Avas graduated in May, 1883. He then located in Troy, Pa., Avhere he has been in active practice since. Dr. Carpenter married June 27, 1875, Sarah M., daugnter of Israel F. and Jane E. (Wood) Aber, of Canaseraga, N. Y., and by her he has three ohildren : Floyd A., Hermann F. and Nina B. The Doctor is a member of the Baptist Church, of the I. O. O. F., P. G., and of the Elmira Academy of' Medicine. He is a Republican. CHARLES W. CARRIER, M. D., Troy, was born in Columbia, Chenango Co., N. Y., February 12, 1841, a son of John L. and 700 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Barbara (Weaver) Carrier, and is of English descent. He Avas reared in his native State, received an academical education, and in 1859 began the study of medicine with Dr. C. C. Cook, of Newfield, Tompkins Co., N. Y. In the fall of the same year he entered the medical department of the Buffalo University, Buffalo, N. Y., Avhere he Avas graduated February 25, 1862. In July, 1862, he Avas active as an assistant-surgeon in the U. S. Army, and served in that capacity until September, 1865. He then located at Newfield, N. Y., where for a short time he practiced his profession in partnership Avith his preceptor, Dr. 0. C. Cook. In 1 868 he located in Clinton county, Pa., Avhere he Avas in practice two and one-half years, and at the same time was engaged in lumbering. In 1870 he returned to Newfield, again formed a part nership with Dr. Cook and remained there until 1872 when he removed to Ithaca, N. Y., and was in practice .there six years; in 1878 he located at East Burlington, Pa., and for three years he was physician for the county asvlum ; in 1884 he came to Troy where he has since remained. The Doctor has been twice married : first time to Louisa M., daughter of Simeon S. and Mary (Pierson) Bush, of Tompkins county, N. Y., by whom he has one son, Charles W., Jr. ; his second Avife was Emma F., daughter of E. H. and Mary (Farwell) Ritchey, of Clinton county, Pa., by Avhom he has one daughter, Louisa M. Dr. Carrier is a member of the Tompkins county (N. Y.) and Bradford county (Pa.) Medical Societies, and is now filling the position of U. S. Pension Examiner. In politics Dr. Carrier is a Republican. FRANK P. CASE, a prominent contractor and builder, of Troy, and a member of the firm of Case & Leonard, was born in Troy town ship, this county, March 11, 1859, and is a son of Jareb and Louisa S. (Cady) Case. His great-grandparents on the paternal side Avere Reu ben and Experience (Nichols) Case, natives of the State of New York, who settled in Troy township in 1798, and in later life removed to Tompkins county, N. Y., where they died. The grandparents were Elihu and Charlotte (Palmer) Case, and Jareb, the father of our sub ject, their fourth child and third son, was born in Troy township in 1822, and partially cleared and improved the farm he now occupies, Avhich was a part of the original homestead taken up by his grand father Reuben. He reared a family of six children: William II., Mary (Mrs. Chester E. Decker), Charles J., Frank P., Ida (Mrs. Nathaniel Green) and Milton P. Our subject was reared in Troy township and educated in the common schools ; he learned the car penter's trade with Caleb Burt, of Troy, and for seven years Avorked as a journeyman, one and one-half years of which time were spent in the Bradford oil regions. In January, 1885, he became a member of the firm of Case Bros. & Leonard, which continued until January 1, 1891, since Avhen the firm has been Case& Leonard. Mr. Case married November 11, 1886, Lydia L., daughter of George and Mary (Tears) Smith, of Sulli van township, Tioga Co., Pa., and has one son, George F. Mr. Case is a wide-awake, enterprising citizen and a first-class Avorkman. By strict attention to business and judicious catering to the wants of the people, this firm have built up a large trade, which is daily increasing. Mr. Case resides on a part of the old homestead. He is a member HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 701 of Priam Lodge, No. 247, I. O. O. F., of Troy, and politically he is a Republican. HIRAM A. CASE, farmer, justice of the peace, surveyor and engineer, Troy, was born December 5, 1825, in Troy township, this county, on the farm he now owns and occupies, a son of Elihu and Charlotte (Palmer) Case ; his paternal grandparents, Reuben and Experience (Nichols) Case, were natives of Hebron, Washington Co., and Ithaca, Tompkins Co., N. Y., respectively, and settled in Troy township, this county, in March, 1798, on the farm now occupied by our subject. They moved here with an ox team, cutting their way through the woods and following the beds of the creeks for the last 25 miles of the Avay. Reuben built the first house in what is noAv Troy, then in Lycoming county, and called the place Casena. In later life they removed to Spencer, Tompkins Co., N. Y., and died there. Their children Avere Elihu, Sylvia (Mrs. Russell Palmer), Timothy, Esther (Mrs. Milton Hugg), Reuben, Philip and Ephraim. Of these, Elihu succeeded to the homestead, Avhich originally consisted of 180 acres, and on Avhich he made most of the improvements. He was a surveyor as well as farmer, and followed both occupations until his death ; he was a justice of the peace for forty years, a brigadier-general of militia, and served four years as State Senator of his district, Avhich comprised the counties of Bradford and Susquehanna, and was agent and attorney for the Drinker estate from 1808 until his death in 1865. He built the first foundry and first saAvmill in Troy, and organized the first Masonic Lodge in what Avas then Lvcoming county. His children were: Edmund, Irene (Mrs. Charles N. Strait), Nathan, Jareb, Hiram A., Adrial H. and William P. Our subject was reared on the old homestead, to which he suc ceeded by will, on the death of his father. He began surveying when ten years of age, and has followed the business ever since ; he has been tAvice married, first, August 28, 1845, to Lephe A., daughter of Francis and Priscilla (Wilsey) Smead, of Troy township, and by her he had five children : William P., Allen F., Minnie, Lottie and Horace; his second marriage was September 24, 1877, Avith Eunice L., daughter of Stephen and Mary (Bowe) Harkness, of Columbia township, by whom he has had tAvo sons : Delos W. and Stephen E. Mr. Case's mother was a native of Vermont, a kinsman of Ethan Allen,, and some of the land given to her father for his services as a soldier, is Avhere the city of Montpelier now is. Her demise occurred in 1882. Mr. Case is a well- known citizen of Troy township, and has held the oflice of justice of the peace nearly tAventy years; in politics he is a Republican. H. L. CASE, proprietor of the Wyalusing Creamery, Wyalusing, was born in Wysox, this county, April 24, 1845, a son of Lucius S and Clarinda (Cannon) Case, the former of Avhom was a native of Western New York, and the latter of Rome, Pa. Lucius S. Case was a farmer and an extensive contractor during the building of the North Branch Canal and Lehigh Valley Railroad. He died in Wilkes- Barre in 1886, in his seventieth year ; his widow lives in Wilkes-Barre. Their family comprised five children, viz.: Phila, married to Mr. Thomas, of Syracuse, N. Y .; Raymond, resides at Jamestown, N. Y.; Anna, 702 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. married to E. A. Miller, of Wilkes-Barre ; Minnie, a teacher in the Wilkes-Barre schools and residing with her mother, and our subject. H. L. Case passed his boyhood on his father's farm in Rome toAvnship, Avhere he attended the common school, which, with one year spent at the Collegiate Institute, Towanda, constituted his school privileges. At the age of sixteen he entered the employ of George Nichols, a mer chant of Rome, Avhere he remained until February 24, 1864, when he enlisted in Company G, Fifth New York Cavalry, in which he served until July 18, 1865, when he was mustered out with his regiment ; he passed through the severe campaign of 1864 and spring of 1865, end ing with Appomattox, and for the length of his service saw as much Avar as any man in the army; from the Wilderness campaign until June 26th his regiment was under fire every day. After his return he entered the employ of S. N. Brdnson, a merchant of Orwell Hill, where he remained from October, 1865, until 1876; then removed to LeRaysville and embarked in the hardware business, being associated Avith E. M. Bailey as partner ; after about two years spent in that busi ness he sold his interest to Mr. Bailey, and then he conducted the first creamery in Pike township, which he operated until 1888, Avhen he removed to Wyalusing and opened the first creamery there, which he still owns and operates. It has a capacity of 1.500 lbs. per day, his average output per month being 3,500 lbs. He has all the modern appli ances and his butter is excelled by none. The institution is now in its fourth year, is constantly gathering favor with the farmers, as well as the consumers, and he finds ample market for his butter at Wilkes-Barre and the general neighborhood. Mr. Case Avas united in marriage, December 31, 1866, with Lydia A. Mattison, a daughter of Thomas Mattison, of Orwell Hill, and to them have been born four children : George, at present at the School of Veterinary Surgery, at Ithaca; How ard, manager of creamery at LeRaysville ; Thomas, at home, and Lydia, Avho died in infancy. Mr. Case is. a member of the F. & A. M., and is connected with the Roman Lodge of Rome ; is also a member of the K. of H. of Orwell Hill, and of Jackson Post, No. 74, G. A. R., of Wya lusing. Although Mr. Case has been a resident of Wyalusing but a short time, yet he has made a large circle of friends, and has placed ' his business on a solid foundation which will enable him to Avork to a grand success. SAMUEL R. CASE, mason, Granville Centre, was born in Troy, this county, January 3, 1849, and is a son of John and Julia A. (Ward) Case. His paternal grandfather, Samuel Case, who was a pioneer of Troy Township, where he died, had sons as follows: Zina, Philander, Thomas, Samuel, Benjamin and John, of whom John, the father of our subject, and the only survivor, always followed farming, and has been a resident of Granville upward of thirty years; his Avife was a daugh ter of Eldrich Ward, and he has five children living : Minerva A. (Mrs. Charles Dickinson), Emeline, Fidelia (Mrs. Lyman Daley), John H. and Samuel R. Our subject was reared in Troy; was a soldier in the' Civil War, enlisting, first in Company C, Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, in which he served five months, and afterward in Company F, Eleventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, serving fifteen months, and was honor- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 703 ably discharged after the war. He followed farming until 1875. when he began work at the mason's trade which he has since followed. He has been a resident of Granville thirty years. In 1869 Mr. Case mar ried Mary E., daughter of Samuel and Louisa (Stratton) Ludington, of Troy township, and has seven children : Clara B., Eva M. (Mrs. Elmer (Konkle), Alida A., James N., Mabel L., Cora and Rodney. Mr. Case is a member of the I. O. O. F. and G. A. R.; politically he is a Republican . WARREN CASE, a leading blacksmith of Troy, was born in Granville township, this county, April 13, 1835, and is a son of Abram and Sarah (Williams) Case ; his paternal grandfather, Aaron Case, a native of Vermont, and a pioneer of Troy township, was a miller by trade and owned and operated a mill for some years ; he was killed in his own mill ; the maternal grandfather of our subject was Caleb Wil liams, also a pioneer of Troy township. Abram Case, the father of Warren, a farmer by occupation, cleared and improved a farm in Granville township, on which he resided until his death. His children were Olive (Mrs. Roswell Dunbar), Jabez, Andrew, Aaron, Caleb, Simeon, Nancy M. (Mrs. Miller Moore), Abigail (Mrs. O. H. Randell) and Warren. Warren Case Avas reared in Granville township until eighteen years of age, served a two-years' apprenticeship at the black smith trade, and in 1857 embarked in business for himself at West Burlington, locating in Troy in 1876, where he has built up a success ful and lucrative trade and employs three hands. In 1856 he AA~as married to Lucinda, daughter of Amosa and Sarah (Crippen) Greeno, of Troy township, and by her he had two children : Merritt and Arthur. Mr. Case is a member of the F. & A. M.; I. O. O. F.. also Oscaloosa Fire Department of Troy. In politics he is a Republican. D. W. CHAFFEE, farmer and stock-grower, P. O. Sheshequin, Avas born July 23, 1851, in Sheshequin township, this county, on the farm now owned by his brother John, and is a son of Charles and Adaline (Horton) Chaffee. His father was a farmer, and a native of New York, who came to Bradford in 1840, and settled on the farm adjoining the one named; his mother is a native of Pennsylvania; their family consisted of six children, four of whom are living :' Charles, Mahlon, John and D. W. Our subject received his education in the common schools of Sheshequin, and after leaving school he followed teaching about five years, during winter, and farming in the summer. The farm he now owns was inherited from his father, who was one of the largest land owners and probably the wealthiest man in the town ship at the time of his death. This farm consists of eighty acres of bottom land, the improvements on which, put on by him, are all ele gant and modern ; the farm cost his father $7,300, and he has put $3,500 in improvements, making the farm one of the most desirable in the valley. Mr. Chaffee was married October 29, 1874, to Dell, daugh ter of Simon and Mary Ann (Corbin) Brainard, of Windham ; and has had three children, two of whom are living, viz.: Festus M., aged eleven, and Charles S., aged two ; Iniz W. died at the age of seven years. Mr. Chaffee is a Freemason, has taken the degrees of Master Mason, and is a member of Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, Athens. In his political views he is a Republican. 704 HISTORY OF BRADKORIi COUNTY, EPHRAIM CHAFFEE (deceased) was born April 25, 1760, ami died August 6, 1825 ; his wife, Elizabeth, was born January 30, 1761. and died April 21, 1853. They had seven ohildren, of whom the eld est, Noah, born February 22, 1780, married Catherine Draper, born January 14, 1780; he died April 30, 1S69, his wife died March 28, 1866. They had nine ohildren, of whom Samuel B., the third in order of birth, born NoATember 29, 1808, married, October 22, 1831, Maria Buffington, who Avas born May 29, 1815, and their family consisted of six ohildren, as folloAvs : Mary E., born June 26, 1832; Martha, born October 3, 1834; Rufus D., born March 26, 1837, died September 6, 1838 ; Cornelia E., born September 6, 1839, died November 28, 1875 ; Rufus A., born December 11, 1841, died September 24, 1864 ; Asonath A., born January 21, 1844. This Avife dying November 4, 1845, Mr. Chaffee married, July 9, 1846, Betsey L. Pendleton, avIio was born June 23, 1824, and by her Avere two ohildren, viz.: Samuel O., born August 31, 1848, died April 14, 1849; and Cordis M. Samuel B. Chaffee came to this county in 1819, and settled in Warren township ; he died October 4, 1888 ; his second wife surviAros. Cordis M. Ohall'eo Avas born August 10, 1850, and was reared and educated in Warren township, Avhere he commenoed as a farmer; he has spent his life on a farm, and now owns tAvo hundred and ninety-five aores, finely sfooked and well improved. He was married in Warren township February 14, 1872, to Lucinda J. Arnold, daughter of Chauncy W. and Caro line (Talmadge) Arnold, natiAres of Pennsylvania and New York, respectively, and of English origin; they have had seven ohildren, Lucinda J. being the second ; she was reared, eduoated and married in Warren township, and is the mother of three children, as follows : Leah, born May 21, 1875 ; one that died in infancy ; and Torrance O. , born March 3, 1886. The family attend the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Mr. Chaffee is steward ; he is a Republican, and has filled the office of town clerk, and is now commissioner. JOHN II. CHAFFEE, farmer and stock grower, Sheshequin township, P. O. Hornbrook, Avas born on the Chaffee homestead, July 13, 1843, a son of Charles Chaffee, and is the eldest and only son in this county, except D. W. Chaffee. He was roared on the farm, and received his education in the district schools and at the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda. When nineteen years old ho enlisted in the army in Company B, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., and was discharged May 28, 1866 ; he was promoted to corporal, December 5, 1863, and then to sergeant, January 1, 1865, and was wounded and captured at Chancellorsville, again wounded at Petersburg. Ilo par ticipated in the following battles: Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Auburn, Kelly's Ford, Morris' Farm, Mine Run, Wilderness, Laurel Hill, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Talopotomy, Cold Harbor, Peters burg, Poplar Spring Church, Boydton Road, Ihitchor's Run and Sailor's Creek, and was with the army at the surrender of Gon. Lee, Mr. Chaffee does not know how he was wounded, but thinks it was by a concussion, caused by the explosion of a shell at Chancellorsville, which rendered him unconscious, and while in that condition he wii,h captured ; he was confined in Libby prison thirteen days and then HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 705 paroled ; was exchanged September 30, and joined his regiment at Petersburg. He was struck by a piece of shell in the lumbar region of the back at Petersburg, June 16, 1864, causing partial paralysis of the left leg, from which he has never fully recovered, and for which he Avent to Lincoln General Hospital about two months. He was also struck by a spent ball at the battle of Mine Run. He rejoined his regiment sometime in September, after he was wounded at Peters burg. Returning from the army he commenced business for himself, and taught school eight winter and two fall terms, and also operated a threshing machine several falls, then settled down on the old homestead or Hill place ; then moved on the place that was occupied by his father before his death. He owns over two hundred and fifty acres in this county, eighty acres in Kansas, superintending the entire property, and raises cattle and sheep. Mr. Chaffee was married November 16, 1871, to Marion I., daughter of William E. and Fannie (Gore) Biill, of this county, and of this marriage there are two children : Adaline M., born May 26, 1873, and Ira P., born December 4, 1876. Mrs. Chaffee is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; he is a mem ber of Watkins Post, No. 68, G. A. R., Towanda, and his political views are Republican. Mr. Chaffee now fills the office of town com missioner, and postmaster at Hornbrook ; he has held several toAvn- ship offices besides that of commissioner. N. P. CHAFFEE, dealer in boots and shoes, Athens, is a native of Warren toAvnship, this county, and Avas born October 29, 1833, a son of Orvilla and Amy (Lyon) Chaffee, natives of PaAvtucket, R. I., and who came to this county early in life; the father, Avho was a farmer, died in May, 1888, in his eighty-sixth year; the mother in 1883 in her seventy-fifth year; grandfather Noah Chaffee was a soldier in the War of 1812 N. P. Chaffee is the fourth in a family of eleven chil dren, of whom six are living. He Avas reared on the farm, and remained with his father until he was nineteen, when he served an apprenticeship at the shoemaker's trade, which he folloAved until he enlisted in the army in September, 1862, in Company D, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. He was injured at the skirmish at Occoquan, Va.,and Avas sent to Carver Hospital, Washington, December 23, 1862; Avas discharged January 30, 1863 ; he is a member of the G. A. R, Per kins Post, No. 202, and also of the Union Veteran Legion, No. 28. He was married in Owego, N. Y., July 18, 1857, to Miss Celestia, daughter of William H. and Diadama (Hoskins) Spencer, natives of Connecticut (she is the eighth child of a family of nine, and was born in Orwell township, this county, January 28, 1840). To Mr. and Mrs. Chaffee have been born three children, as follows: Dudley K. (deceased), Ferris E. (a student at Colgate University) and Ina L. Mr. Chaffee removed from Orwell toAvnship to Athens in the spring of 1872, ahd opened a boot and shoe store. He is a Republican, and is one of the leading public-spirited citizens of the borough. W. B. CHAFFEE, farmer and stock groAver, Sheshequin town ship, P. O. Ghent, was born in Bristol county, Mass., January 30, 1825, and is a son of Wilder and Sabrina (Bowen) Chaffee. His father, by trade a machinist, was born in Massachusetts and came to this county 706 HISTORY OF HKADKORII COUNTY. in 1833, locating in Warren toAvnship whore he romainod until his death, May 7, 1864 ; his widow survived until December IS, 1S89. The father was sixty-eight years old at the time of iiis death, and the mother was eighty-eight; they had five children, four living: W. B., II. B., Maria E. (married to George Harrington, of Pike, Pa.) and W. 1'.; Luoy Elminie died February 15, 1864, aged nineteen years. W. B. Chaffee Avas reared in Warren township, attending school until he was ninoLoon, and received an excellent education for the times. Ho learned tho carpenter and joiner trade, and followed same about ten years. His first farm was in Warren township, purchased in 1835 where ho lived two years, then went to the Sheshequin valley Avhere ho rented a farm and lived two years. In 1857 he purchased the farm he now occupies consisting of seventy acres, Avhich he cleared, and where he put up all the buildings, all of "which he has accumulated by his own exertions. He has always been successful in business. Mr. Chaffee wa.s married December 31, 1851, to Lucy A., daughter of Abram Goro, and grand daughter of Samuel Gore. To Mr. and Mrs. Chaffee worn born two children: Abram G., born February 28, IK53, married to Sarah J., daughter of Joseph and Harriet (BroAvning) Haigh, and Sarah E., born August 12, 1855, married to IL G. Bidluck. Tho family are Universalists in religion, and in politics Mr. Chaffee is a Republican. BYRON A. CHAMBERLAIN, jobber, Towanda, was born in Wind ham township, this county, July 12, 1845, and is a son of Joseph and Margaret (Hartshorn) Chamberlain. The paternal grandfather Chamberlain, formerly of Unadilla, Otsego Co., N. Y., was a pioneer of Windham township, this county, and was a millwright by trade ; in later life he removed to Freeport, III., and died there. Tim mater nal grandfather, William Hartshorn, was a native of Connecticut, a soldier of the War of 1812, and was a pioneer of Windham township, where he cleared and improved a farm, and resided thorn until his death. Joseph Chamberlain, who was a, native of Unadilla, N. V., was a harness maker by trade, and settled in Windham township with his parents; in 1847 he removed to Orwell township, and worked at, his trade there until his death in 1876. He had seven children who greAv to maturity, among whom Avere : Fcdilia 0. (Mrs. Eli Morrill), Lodenra (Mrs. Ezra Lyon), Nancy (Mrs. Charles Colgrovo)and Byron A. Our subject was reared in (5rwoll township, received a, common- school education and learned the harness maker's trade in tho shop of his father. He was in the Civil War, enlisting August 20, IH62, in Company D, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., arid was promoted to corporal in 1864; he participated in the battles of Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Wilderness, North Anna, Cold Harbor, in front of Peters burg and other engagements, and was at the surrender of Leo at Appomattox. In July, 1863, he was shot through the loft thigh at Gettysburg, and was shot through the neck in front of Petersburg June 18, 1864. He was honorably discharged from the service in June, 1865. In October, 1866, he cam*! fo Towanda,, where he followed his trade as a journeyman from 1867 to 188.".. lie drove a, hack in Towanda, and since 1882 has been a jobber and contractor for fhe State Line Coal Company. On March 27, 1866, he married Marfhcna,, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 707 daughter of Ruel and Eliza (Manderville) Brown, of Rome, this county, and has twp children, as follows : Bertha L. and Charles B. Mr. Chamberlain is a member of the G. A. R., and in politics he is a Republican. J. W. CHAMBERLAIN, physician and surgeon, Wyalusing, though comparatively a young man, has already climbed well toward the top of the profession^ this county. He was born in Wyalusing township, August 3, 1859, and is a son of John F. Chamberlain (born September 14, 1814, and died March 11, 1881) and Susan (Terry) Chamberlain (born April 6, 1818, and is still living). They had a family of five children, foiir yet living, viz.: Nancy Irene, George F., Jennie E. and J. W. Gilbert, the second child, died October 26, 1863, being then twenty-four years old. The father Avas for many years a merchant of Terrytown, and he purchased a farm on Lime hill, where he resided for several years; then in 1865 he conducted the warehouse and coal office at Wyalusing, remaining in business there for several years ; in 1868 he was elected a member of the State Legislature, and was the only man up to that time who received that high honor unso licited ; after serving three years, he returned to Wyalusing and per- chased the Washington-Taylor farm, where he resided for about ten years ; then retired from active life and remoA'ed to the present resi dence of the family, where he died. Among the many popular resi dents of his native township none stood higher than he; industrious, intelligent and scrupulously honest, he commanded the respect of all. In early life he identified himself with the Methodist Episcopal Church, and contributed liberally to the support of the same; his views on the temperance question were strong, almost to radicalism, and in politics he Avas a stanch Whig and Republican, taking an active interest in the great political questions of his day ; he Avas a successful business man. Dr. Chamberlain passed his boyhood on the farm, and in the village of Wyalusing, receiving his English education in the Wyalusing schools and Wyoming Seminary. In 1883 he began the study of medicine, entering college the same year, and in April, 1886, he was graduated from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, tak ing the degree of M. D., and was registered in Bradford county that summer, but went to Castleton, Ills., Avhere he formed a partnership with Dr. Holgate, of that place, and practiced one year. He then returned to Wyalusing where he has been in active practice since, and has been very successful. The doctor is a stanch Republican, and takes an active interest in politics. His grandfather, Jabez Chamber lain Avas one of the oldest physicians of the county, and a graduate of one of the old medical colleges of New York. M. CHAMBERLAIN, blacksmith, Siivara, was born at Lenox, Susquehanna Co., Pa., December 29, 1851, and is a son of Levi and Martha A. (Betts) Chamberlain, both living in Siivara, who had three children, two yet living: M. (our subject) and Phoebe (married to John A. Wood, a liveryman, of Nebraska City, Kans.). M. Chamber lain was born and reared on a farm, and was"educatecl in the common schools ; at the age of twenty-two he began business for himself and followed farming one year, and began to learn the trade of blacksmith 708 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in the shop of George E. Chamberlain, of Dimock, Pa., and remained there three years; he then worked a short time with Mr. McYicker, at Eaton, Pa.; he Avorked as a journeyman about eight years. He was married January 29, 1881, to Libbie Babcock, a daughter of N. P. Babcock, a farmer, of Tuscarora, and for the following two years resided and worked at his trade in Wyalusing, then was one year at Elk Lake, and one year at Eaton ; then removed to Siivara, where he has pursued his trade up to the present time, having built up a large and growing trade, and is recognized as one of the actiA'e business men of the village. Mr. and Mrs. Chamberlain have four children : Leo E., Fay, Lizzie ahd Willie ; politically Mr. Chamberlain is a Republican, but not an active politician. SAMUEL CHAMBERLIN, farmer, Wysox township. P. O. Myers burg, was born in Susquehanna county, Pa., November 17, 1819, a son of LeAvis and Mary (Wood) Chamberlin, natives of New York and Connecticut, respectively, and of English origin. In his father's family there Avere seven children, of whom Samuel, who is the second, began life for himself at the age of twenty-one, and took up farming as his occupation; he has lived in his present home since 1842. He Avas married June 30, 1841, to Elsie Maria, only daughter of William and Abigail (Russell) Moger, and this happy union was blessed Avith thirteen children, as follows : William, born March 1, 1842 (enlisted in the One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment, P. V. I., and was killed at Gettysburg); Alonzo, born August 14, 1843 (was taken prisoner and starved in Salisbury prison, North Carolina) ; Frances Adaline, born June 28, 1845 (married to Joseph VanScouten, of Wysox, and later to Thomas Burdict, of Black Creek, Wis.); Mary A., born September 2, 1846 (married ElishaStrope, of Wysox); Oscar F., born June 24, 1848, a farmer and lumberman of Tomahawk, Wis. (married to Elizabeth Emory); Helen M., born March 24, 1850 (married Josiah Smith, of Seymour, Wis.); Emma J., born December 16, 1851 (married John Hoaglin, of Wysox) ; Charles H, born August 11, 1853, died October 17, 1854 ; Charles M., born April 16, 1856, now in Wisconsin ; George M., born September 12, 1858, employed in a toy factory at ToAvanda (married Blanche Luens, of Towanda); Harriet E., born September 11, 1861 (married Jesse Parkhill, a railroad engineer in Wisconsin); Samuel J., born April 10, 1863, working his father's farm (married to Hetuline Reynolds, of Wysox); and William A., born April 15, 1866 (married to Cora Vanness, of Wysox). Mrs. Chamberlin died November 14, 1888, and Mr. Chamberlin married, for his second wife. Mrs. Alonzo P. Jones (nee Rebecca M. Twining), of Towanda, the eldest of four chil dren of Henry and Chloe (Hickok) Twining, of East Smithfield, Pa. Her only brother, John H., was killed in the battle of the Wilderness. Her grandfather, Oliver Hickok, was a captain in the War of 1812. Mr. Chamberlin's great-grandfather and two brothers came to America from England ; his grandfather, William Chamberlin, was a Revolu tionary soldier, and served through the entire war. Samuel Chamberlin was formerly a member of the Baptist Church, but now attends Avith his wife, who is in fellowship with Brethren at Towanda. Mr. Cham berlin was town commissioner several years. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 709 H. I. CHANDLER, farmer, P. O. Athens, was born in Athens town ship, this county, March 26, 1855, a son of Daniel S. and Sarah M. (Campbell) Chandler, the former a native of Athens, the latter of Litchfield township. Daniel S. Chandler is the son of Samuel Chand ler, who was born in Orange county, N. Y., and removed in 1805 to Tompkins county, same State, Avhere he remained twenty years ; in 1825 he came to this county, locating on what is knoAvn as " Prospect Hill," and purchased a farm which he cleared; he died April 23, 1850, in his sixty-eighth year ; his wife, Margaret, died October 12, 1851, in her sixty-seventh year. His son, Daniel S., is now living on the old homestead, in his seventy-sixth year, and is the father of seven chil- . dren, six of whom grew to maturity and are living at the present time. H. I., who is the eldest in the family, was reared and educated in Athens, spending one term in the Rome Academy. On September 30, ; 1884, he married, at Nichols, N. Y., Miss Eva, daughter of William M. ' and Mary D. Harris. This union was blessed with two children : Walter D. and Grover L. Mr. Chandler is a general farmer, giving more attention to stock (of which he has a fine assortment) and grain. In 1884 he purchased what is known as the Eastabrook farm of 115 acres. He is an enterprising farmer, and enjoys the full confidence of his townsmen, who elected him to the office of town clerk ; politic ally he is a Democrat. M. C. CHAPMAN, superintendent Cayuta Wheel and Foundry Company, Sayre, is a native of Salisbury, Conn., and was born June 25, 1836. His parents were William and Betsy (Crane) Chapman, also natives of Salisbury, Conn., the former of whom, who was a pig-iron manufacturer, was born in January, 1800, and died in 1879; the latter died m 1888, in her eighty -second year. M. C. Chapman is the seventh in a family of four sons and four daughters, all of whom are living except two girls. He was reared in his native place, and served an apprenticeship in Barnum, Richardson & Co.'s Car Wheel Foundry, and worked there about five years ; then went to Chicago and helped establish the Barnum & Allen Car Wheel Foundry, where he remained a year, and then proceeded to New Haven, and had charge of the NeAV York & New Haven Railroad Shops about five years ; then went to the RamapoCar Wheel Works in Rockland county, N. Y., where he remained five years; from there he came to Sayre in the fall of 1872, and accepted the position he now holds with the Cayuta Wheel and Foundry Company. Mr. Chapman was married in Salisbury, Conn., in 1866, to Miss Mary, daughter of William and Margaret (Hall) Wolfe, natives of Dutchess county, N. Y. Mrs. Chapman is the eighth in a family of eleven children, and was born in Salisbury, Conn., in 1845. To Mr. and Mrs. Chapman were born four daughters, as follows : Car rie, Lydia, Bessie and Mabel. He is a member of the F. & A. M., Montgomery Lodge, No. 13, and a member of the Empire Order. He is a Republican, and served six years as school director in the Inde pendent school district of Sayre; also as township commissioner three years. DANIEL CHASE, farmer, P. O. Gillett, was born in South Creek toAvnship, this county, in October, 1840, a son of Joseph and 40 710 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Margaret (Wilson) Chase, natives of Massachusetts and NeAV York, respectively. Joseph Chase was a builder by trade, having been employed in his OAvn neighborhood in the erecting of many buildings ; he was the son of David Chase, a ship builder; removed to this county about 1826, first locating in South Creek, then Tioga Point, then Avent to Springfield, and finally to South Creek,- locating on the hill east of Avhat is called "Dunnings," where he remained until his death in 1874, in the seventy-sixth year of his age ; his family numbered twelve, ten of Avhom grew to maturity, eight of them now living; four sons serATed in the army in the Civil War — William, Wallace, Daniel and John ; William was captain ; John died of disease ; Daniel served in Company F, Twenty-third N. Y. V. I., for the term of two years, and Avas honorably discharged from his command ; then enlisted, for the second time, in Company A, First N. Y. V. O, for the term of three years, or during the war ; he served until the close of the Avar ; Avas wounded at an encounter at Upperville, Va., and, during this term of serA'ice, he was promoted to first duty sergeant, in which rank he Avas discharged. He married at Gillett in 1879, Mrs. Williams, AvidoAv of the late Orlando Williams, and this union resulted in the birth of one son, John, now in his eighth year. Mr. Chase makes a specialty of dairying, having some very fine graded stock. He has filled the office of school director seventeen years ; has been town clerk, and noAv holds the position of commissioner ; he is a member of the G. A. R., Good Templars and a Grange ; politically he is Independent. DAVID CHASE, farmer, P. O. Gillett, was born in South Creek township, this county, in September, 1843, a son of Joseph and Mar garet (Wilson) Chase, the former of whom was born in Newburyport, Mass., the latter in New York. Joseph Chase Avas a carpenter and builder, the son of David Chase, a ship-builder by trade. Joseph came to this county about the year 1830, first locating in Athens, then called " Tioga Point," from which place he removed to Smith- field, thence to Springfield, and finally came to South Creek township, locating on the hill east of what is now called "Dunnings," where he remained until his death, Avhich occurred in 1877, when he Avas in his seventy-second year. He reared a family of fourteen children — eleven sons and three daughters — Avho grew to maturity, of whom eight are now living, four were in the army, and one died of disease contracted there. David, who is the eleventh in the family, Avas reared and edu cated in his native township, at the common school, and in his early life he learned the carpenter's trade, at Avhich he works more or less in connection with his farm. He spent two years in California, and after his return, in January. 1877, he married Jeanette, daughter of Will iam and Rhoda Ann Chapman, Avhich union resulted in the birth of four children : David W., Nettie N., Chester A. and Lulu. Mr. Chase is engaged in what is termed " mixed farming ;" is a man of influence, and has held various offices of trust ; has been constable, collector and school director, and at the present time holds the office of assessor. He is a member of the various orders: Good Templars, I. O. O. F., E. A. U., and of the Grange ; politically he is a Republican. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 711 WILLIAM P. CHASE, farmer, P. O. Gillett. was born in South Creek township, this county. November 25, 1845, a son of Benjamin and Susan (Wilson) Chase, natives of Massachusetts and New Hamp shire, respectively. They came to this county about 1S20, locating on the farm iioav occupied by their son William ; their family numbered eleven, ten of whom grew to maturity, and seven are now living. Our subject, who is the ninth in the family, was reared and educated in South Creek township. On December. 1S66, he married, at Bentley Creek, Elizabeth, daugnter of John and Almina Cummins, and by this anion there were five children, four of whom are now living, as follows : Eva, Ruby. Charles and John. Mr. Chase entered the army in 1864. in Company B, Tenth New York Cavalry, and served until the close of the war ; he was honorably discharged arid now draws a pension. He is a general farmer, and pays especial attention to grain raising. He is a member of the G. A. R., and politically is a Republican. A. N. CHESLEY, farmer, P. O. Granville Summit, was born in Granville township, this county. May 25. 1837. and is a son of Simon P. and Eliza (Dudley) Chesley. His paternal grandfather. Simon Chesley, was a native of Canada, was a soldier of the Revolutionary War on the American side, and was among the pioneers of Franklin township, this county, and later of Granville township, where he lived nntd his death : his Avife was Betsey Shafer, by whom he had five children, as follows : Simon, Philip, Margaret (Mrs. Henry Downs), Susan (Mrs. Orrin Pratt) and Malachi. Of these, Simon, born in Luzerne county. Pa., was a farmer by occupation, and cleared a large tract of land on Granville Summit ; he was a soldier in the Civil War, and died of disease contracted while in the service of his country. His wife was a daughterof Abner Dudley, of Burlington, this county, and by her had eight, children: A. Neton, Betsey (Mrs. Henry Tinklepaugh), Philip, Eunice (Mrs. David Webb), Margaret (Mrs. Edgar Van Horn). John. Susan (Mrs. Michael Collins) and Mary (Mrs. Philander Flem ing). A. Neton Chesley was reared in Granville township, and has always followed farming. He married Eliza J., daughterof RosAAeil and Harriet (Loomis) White, of Canton township, this county, and has one son, Oscar, who married Sadie, daughter of Lewis and Sarah ( Shoemaker) Spalding, of Gran ville township, and has two children: Clarence R. and Roy. Mr. A. N. Chesley and his son are enterpris ing citizens of Granville, and in politics are Democrats. C. A. CHILD, merchant. Franklindale, was born in Smithfield, Bradford. Co.. Pa.. March S. 1S57. He is the son of A. E. and Marian A. (Phelps) Child, the former of whom was born in Warren, R. I., the latter in Smithfield, Pa. His father is the son of Edward Child, a ship-builder, of Rhode Island. avIio removed to and settled in Smith- field in 1S19. His father and family moved to Smithfield at the same time, and Avere obliged to come by water to Newberg, N. Y. and then by lumber wagon to Athens, Pa.; there were four families altogether, and thirteen in number. At that time land was of fered them, anywhere between Athens and South Waverly. at Sl.oO per acre. Edward Child engaged in farming, having a family. 712 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. later, of eleven children, but only six of them grew to maturity, and but three are now living. For quite a number of years EdAvard Child Avent to Warren or Bristol, R. I., and worked at ship-building from April to December, and a part of the time on ships engaged in the slave trade. After working as above at Bristol. R. I„ Chas. Child's father commenced learning the wagon-maker's trade, but after tAvo years was obliged to discontinue on account of poor health, and Avas, later on, clerk in different stores, taught school, etc., and carried on the grocery business in Smithfield from 1877 to 1889; he sold out at the age of seventy years, on account of poor health. Chas. A. Child, the subject proper of these lines, Avho is the second in the family, was educated at the common school in Smithfield ; at the age of fourteen he went to clerk in a store at Emporium, Cameron Co., Pa., which he followed successfully until he noAv owns and controls a iarge establishment. In 1878 he went in business for himself in Smithfield, and in 1880 he removed to Franklindale, Avhere he now commands an extensive business in drugs and general merchandise. At the age of twenty-two he married, in Sheshequin, April 23, 1879, Miss Aline, daughter of Elisha and Eliza Newell, the former a native of Sheshequin, and the latter of Orange county, N. Y. To them has been born one child, Harry, born May 24, 1886. In conjunction Avith the store Mr. Child has held the office of postmaster eleATen years ; politically he is a Republican. RUFUS W. CHILD, farmer, P. O. East Smithfield, was born April 12, 1845, in East Smithfield, a son of Christopher and Harriet (Wright) Child, the former a native of Rhode Island. They came to this county in early life, and settled on a farm near Avhere Rufus W. now resides. The grandfather, Christopher Child, was a sea captain, born in 1775, and a descendant of the Welch nobility ; the family have a crest, printed in London in 1797, presented to the captain by his relative, Sir Josias Child, which indicates that the name of Child was one of considerable note in England. Rufus W. Child, Avhen seventeen years of age, enlisted in the service of his country, in Com pany K, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., and went to the front ; his brother Christopher was also in the War of the Rebellion. Mr. Child Avent west in 1879 to Dakota, Avhere he dealt largely in cattle, remaining in the West ten years. He was married August 20, 1885, to Franc A., one of a family of ten children, six of Avhom are living, born to George and Elizabeth (Smith) Bartholomew, of Ulster, natives of this county; her father's family were of the pioneers of Sheshequin. Mr. Child owns a fine farm of two hundred acres in East Smithfield township, and is principally engaged in dairying and stock raising, his cattle being of the Durham and Holstein breeds. He is a thorough and prosperous farmer. In politics he is a Republipan, Avas elected county commissioner, and served several years Avhile in Dakota. Mr. and Mrs. Child have had no children. FRANCIS CHILSON, miller and farmer, P. O. Macedonia, was born in the town of Asylum, this county, May 20, 1844, and is a son of David and Jane (Bennett) Chilson, natives of Asylum township, this county, and pioneers of Macedonia. Grandfather Bennett Avas HISTOIIY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 713 in the War of the Revolution. The subject of this memoir was reared on his father's farm, and educated in the schools of the neighborhood. When twenty years of age he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., and was in sixteen battles of the war for the Union, acquitting himself with distinguished honor at all times. At the close of the war, he returned home and commenced farming on his own account. He Avas first married, in 1864, to Ella Benjamin (now deceased), and they had one son, GlennieB., born July 27, 1874. Mr. Chilson aftenvard married Adelia, daughter of S. P. Henson, of Burlington, and there have been born to them three children, as follows: Carrie L., born August 29, 1882 ; Jennie, born November 29, 1886 ; and Leon H., born June 8, 1890. Mr. Chilson noAv owns the Smith Mills where he does a business in milling, sawing lumber and making shingles and also cider in its season. He now manufactures more buckAvneat flour than any other miller in the county ; he is a member of the Patrons of Industry, and in politics he is a Republican. Mr. Chilson and family are Avidely known as being among our most prominent and highly respected people. L. S. CHUBBUCK, farmer and stock grower, Orwell, Avas born in Orwell, this county, February 20, 1822, and is a son of Nathaniel Chubbuck, Jr., Avho was born in Connecticut, September 5, 1789, a son of Nathaniel, Sr.', born October 16, 1764, married November 27, 1788, to Chloe Eaton, and died March 13, 1825 ; she was born March 4, 1768, and died October 11, 1832, and had a family of twelve children, as follows : Nathaniel, Aaron (born August 4, 1791, married to Matilda Dimmick, and died August 19, 1881), Hannah (born February 16, 1793, married to Joseph Hamilton, and resided in Windham Avhere she died August 7, 1865), Dr. John (born February 22, 1797, a physician of note, and surgeon of the First Regiment of Engineers, Corps d'Afrique, in the service at Bragos and Santiago, Texas, in 1863-64 ; he died in Binghamton, N. Y., March 18, 1878), Jacob (born March 5, 1797), Shefden (born June 3, 1799, died March 22, 1804), James (born April 5, 1801, married to Pamelia Keeney, and died February 7, 1873), Chloe (born December 8, 1803, married to Levi Frisbie^ and died August 20, 1860), Daniel O. (born May 17, 1805, married Polly Oak ley ; was a farmer of this county for many years, but finally removed to Mount Vernon, Iowa, where he died June 3, 1880), Hollis S. (born March 13, 1809 ; he practiced medicine at Orwell Hill many years, and removed to Elmira, N. Y. Avhere he built up a very large practice and died there March 4, 1883), Austin E. (born June 16, 1810, was first a farmer then a merchant at Elmira, and became a successful Metho dist minister of the Genesee Conference, and died in Elmira, April 15, 1882), Francis S. (born March 10, 1812 ; he followed farming in Orwell until 1849, when he joined the Wyoming Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; for many years was a successful arid brilliant preacher; was chaplain of the First Regiment of Engineers, Corps d'Afrique, in service at Bragos and Santiago, Texas, in 1863-64 ; he died at Nichols, N. Y., May 15, 1890). Nathaniel Chubbuck came to this county in 1811, and after a short absence, when he returned in the spring of 1812, he found the roof of his log cabin crushed in by the 714 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. snow, but Avith the assistance of neighbors this Avas soon repaired, and Avith a chest for a table and shingle blocks for chairs, he began housekeeping in the Avilderness. He lived in the old log cabin thirteen years, and there the first Methodist sermon ever delivered in that toAvnship was preached in 1813 by Marmaduke Pierce, Avho came from the oldest settlements down the river at Mr. Chubbuck's invitation. Mr. Chubbuck shortly after joined the church and preached to his friends and neighbors many years. Soon after coming he built a tannery, and combined tanning and shoe-making with farming and lumbering. To him and his wife were born eight children, four of whom reached maturity, as follows : Nathaniel J. (born 1812, and died in 1890 ; had passed the greater portion of his days at Monroe ton, and commanded the respect of all who knew him), H. J. (born March 8, 1819, and is now a prominent farmer of Warren township), L. S., Hollis L. (born August 23, 1828, in the employ of the Govern ment teaching the Indian schools). L. S. Chubbuck was born and reared on the farm he occupies, receiving a common-school education, and a course at ToAvanda Academy. At the age of sixteen he began teaching, and followed it many years ; during his earlier years he Avould teach in the winters, farm during the summer, and attend the Academy of ToAvanda during the fall term. Completing his academical course, he continued teaching and farming nearly thirty years, then quit teaching and devoted his entire attention to farming; has always made his home on the old homestead, and has assisted in clearing over 100 acres thereof ; now owns 176 acres of fine farm land, which his son assists in managing, and which is Avell stocked. Mr. Chubbuck was united in marriage August 21, 1845, with Phoeba, born September 1, 1822, the fifth of a family of nine children of Daniel and Deborah (Richardson) Gleason, of Connecticut. To Mr. and Mrs. Chubbuck have been born four children : Mary E. (born February 1, 1847, married to Dr. O. D. Stiles, of Elmira, N. Y.); Melville E. (born June 17, 1852, married to Stella Pitcher, and is now bookkeeper in the employ of D. T. Evans, of Towanda): Clara E. (born April 17, 1854, married to C. W. Stevens) ; Ephton E. (born February 3, 1862, married to Jennie Manley ; he is a school teacher, also assists his father on the farm ; he was married February 17, 1888, and has one child, Manley Eaton. Besides their farm business the father and son are extensive drovers, ship ping to markets in the southern part of the State. Mr. Chubbuck has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Orwell, since his sixteenth year, and is an earnest worker in the same ; he now holds the position of recording stewTard and secretary of the board of trustees ; he is a Republican, and has held the office of auditor of the township for thirty years, Avith the exception of three years, when he held the office of town commissioner. O. J. CHUBBUCK, Towanda, was born in Orwell tOAA-nship, this county, May 7, 1825. His father, Jacob Chubbuck, was the fourth child in afamily of twelve — ten sons and two daughters — of Nathaniel and Chloe Chubbuck. Jacob Chubbuck was born March 5, 1797, in Ellington, Tolland county, Conn,, whence he came, in 1814, Avith his HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 715 brother Aaron to Orwell. He returned to his native place where he Avas married to Minerva Tupper, October 7, 1819, and then brought her to the Orwell farm, Avhere he lived until about a year before his death in 1873. At the time of his coming there Avas a small log house, and a clearing of about one acre, all else around him being an unbroken for est. Here he reared his family of six children — three sons and three daughters. The subject of this sketch being the second. The Chub- bucks are of English stock ; two brothers, Charles and Nathaniel, immigrants, landed at Plymouth, Nathaniel settling at Wareham, Mass. His son, Ebenezer, was in the French-Indian War, fighting under the British flag, and afterward was in the Revolutionary War, rising to the rank of lieutenant in the line ; he died in 1810. His son Nathaniel (grandfather of subject), with his wife, Chloe, and daughter Chloe (Mi's. Levi Frisbie), came to OrAvell in 1818 and settled near his sons, Nathaniel, Aaron and Jacob. He purchased a large tract of land in Orwell, which, in time, became the farms of O. J. Chubbuck, E. C. Bull, Charles Pendleton and C. J, Chubbuck. The family came from Connecticut in the primitive pioneer way — an ox-cart, driA^en by their son James, while the other boy. Daniel, drove the cows. Nathaniel, grandfather of O. J. Chubbuck, Avas born October 16, 1764, and died March 13, 1S25 ; his wife, Chloe, Avas born March 14, 1768, and died October 11. 1832. Nathaniel Chubbuck. Jr.. Avas born September 5, 17S9. and died August 1, 1S65. O. J. Chubbuck, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Orwell toAA-nship, at the old familv home, receiving his education in the pub lic schools and in an Academy. In the Avinter of 1844-45 he com menced teaching, but as the wages of teachers \yere small here, he Avent to Schuylkill. Berks and Columbia counties. He was, from the first, one of the most active school men of his day, and took a promi nent part in organizing the Bradford County Teachers Association, which first met in January, 1855. In 1857 he was secretary of the Orwell School Board, and sent a request to the county superintendent of schools (Charles Rl Coburn) to hold a County Teachers Institute at Orwell, and the first Institute in the county was in Orwell commenc ing September 7. 185 7, of Avhich Mr. Chubbuck was president and one of the principal teachers and lecturers therein. It is not amiss to explain here that he was, in his school work and in much of his educa tion, % self-made man, one who rapidly rose and was widely honored as one of the leading educators in the county. In 1863, during his second term as justice of the peace, he was elected county superintend ent of schools; he served his term and was re-elected in 1866, serving two full terms, and Avas a chief factor in organizing the graded schools ofthe county. At the Institute of 1857, of which he was president, he exhibited a school-room globe of his oAvn make and pattern, con structed and mounted very much as are those uoav found in our Public Schools. His devotion to his office and interest in the schools of the county are visible in the effects still in force. In 1S72 he was elected register and recorder of Bradford county, filling this as other offi cial positions, with fidelity, ability and eminence. In an active, busy life ue has not been a man of merely one idea. He, earlv in life. 716 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. espoused the cause of temperance, being an active and zealous member of the I. O. G. T., and a representative of his Lodge in the Right Worthy Grand Lodge at Ithaca, before the Grand Lodge of Pennsyl vania was organized. Since the repeal of the "local option laAv," in 1875, he has been an open and avowed advocate of prohibition. His addresses on the subjects of education for the young and temperance for all have become a part of the county's literature. Earnest in his convictions and fearless in their defense, he has never been touched with bigotry or fanaticism. And in the patient years of his active life he has been enabled to evolve a system of mental philosophy, Avhich, in his mind, bears a like relation to the truths of mental science, as the Copernican system of astronomy does to the movement of the Heavenly bodies. A study of the form and motions of the earth led to a correct system of astronomy ; so the study of the motions in one's own mind may lead to a knowledge equally as con clusive and satisfactory. This seems true in his case, and seems in line with Scripture. This rather abstruse subject he has not pushed upon the public ; he is content at present to leave the whole to the future, merely with this suggestion, confident it will at some time be taken up and carried to the full. He will remain more prominent as a chief promoter of our schools, and as an organizer and lecturer on schools and temperance, in his writings and published addresses. He Avas a delegate to county and State conventions, and as a member and officer in society meetings, and as a promoter of the prohibition party, he has stood as a central figure. Before the Prohibition State Conven tion in 1882 he delivered an address that attracted wide and favorable notice. Mr. Chubbuck has been twice married : his first wife Avas Eunice Hicks, to whom he was married June 28, 1849 ; she died December 10, 1857, and he married, May 5, 1859, Ann E. Keeney, the daughter of Simon Z. Keeney, of Scotch and English descent. The family are active members of the Methodist Church, and he takes a prominent part in the Sunday-school, of which he was superintend ent in Orwell, and a Church trustee. He is a member of the K. of P. Lodge, No. 290, and has served as deputy and keeper of records and seal, and representative to the Grand Lodge. REV. S. A. CHUBBUCK, minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Orwell, was born August 9, 1830, on the farm now owned by O. J. Chubbuck, in Orwell township, and is a son of Jacob and Minerva (Tupper) Chubbuck. His grandfather, Nathaniel Chubbuck, was a native of Connecticut, who came to Orwell in early times, and located in the neighborhood, purchasing a large tract of land. He had a large family of children, many of whom distinguished themselves in their various professions. John was a physician of note ; Hollis also Avas a physician, and practiced many years in Orwell, then in Elmira ; A. E. was a Methodist Episcopal minister of the Central New York Con ference ; F. S. was also a minister of the Wyoming Conference, and died in Nichols, N. Y., in 1890, being the last of that family; Aaron Avas a justice of the peace in Orwell many years and associate judge, occupying the bench with David Wilmot; and Jacob (the father of S. A. Chubbuck), a farmer, was one of the best-known citizens of the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 717 county. He reared a family of children as follows : Harriet M., mar ried to George Crowfoot, whom she survives ; O. J., of Towanda ; Chloe E., married to P. W. Champion, of Lanark, 111.; S. A.; Ellen M., mar ried to Leonard O. Brown ; Tracy J.; Julia M., who died, aged twelve years. S. A. Chubbuck was born and reared on a farm, and receiAred his education in the common schools and at Orwell Hill Academy. He became a surveyor, followed that occupation some time, and has done a large amount of surveying in this county ; went West about 1854, and located in Minneapolis, Minn., working at the carpenter and joiner trade a short time ; then entered mercantile business there. He joined the church, and feeling a Divine call to preach he sold out his business and began his ministerial work in 1859 ; was ordained deacon in the fall of 1860, and for ten years Avas an earnest worker on the western frontier. He returned to his native State, entered the Cen tral New York Conference, with which he was connected about twenty years, and in 1890 he was superannuated ; he then purchased his pres ent farm, which was a part of his grandfather's estate, and contains 100 acres of fine land. Mr. Chubbuck was united in wedlock, Septem ber 21, 1862, with C. B. Pendleton, daughter of Charles and Aurelin M. (Buffington) Pendleton, and to them have been born two children: Allie L. and Charles P. Mr. Chubbuck is a Prohibitionist, an earnest worker in the vineyard of the Lord, and his labors have been crowned with noted success. Surrounded by an interesting family and a host of friends, he is now enjoying a well-earned repose. TRACY J. CHUBBUCK, farmer, P. O. Orwell, was born on the old homestead in Orwell township, this county, January 1, 1840, and is a son of Jacob Chubbuck. He passed his boyhood on the farm, and received his education in the common schools. On August 6, 1862, he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Forty -first P. V. I., and served in the ranks until just before the battle of Chancellorsville, when he was detailed on detached service, as a member of the brigade band. He was in the battle of Fredericksburg, while in the ranks, and was under fire in almost every engagement of the regiment sub sequent to that ; although scratched several times by both ball and shell he was never seriously wounded, though, being on detached duty, he was in many dangerous foraging expeditions. After seeing as dangerous and as hard service as almost anyone in the army, he was mustered out with his regiment, returned home and resumed farming, the first summer Avith bis brother, O. J. Chubbuck, the next season on the Erie canal with his brother-in-law, George Crobutt, then for some time was in the West. Returning home, he was united in marriage, February 3, 1869, with Nancy M., daughter of Peleg and Mary (Seely) Tripp, of New York, whose family consisted of eleven children, of whom six reached maturity, viz.: Seymore, Nancy M., William, Jonathan (deceased), Jacob and Emma (married to Nathan Grant). In 1869 Mr. Chubbuck purchased his farm where he has since resided. Rheumatism and heart trouble came to him through exposure during his term of service, which renders him unfit to do manual labor, but he oversees his farm which contains ninety acres of fine farm land. To Mr. and Mrs. Chubbuck have been born tAvo children : Clarence T. 718 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. (a jeweler, born January 24, 1872), and Cora E. (born February 24, 1877). The family worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church of Orwell Hill. He is a member of the Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R., at Rome, and has filled the chairs of juniorand senior vice-commander ; is a Prohibitionist, and has held the office of school director. Mr. Chubbuck has passed his life, with the exception of the time spent in the army, in this section, where he and his estimable lady have built up a large circle of friends, and are noted for their geniality and hospitality. CALVIN W. CHURCHILL, retired farmer, Granville township, P. O. Le Roy, was born in Stockbridge, Berkshire Co., Mass., July 23, 1809, a son of Alvah (Avho Avas a son of Jacob Churchill) and Aurelia (Andrus) Churchill, who settled in Granville township, this county, in 1817, locating near Granville Centre, where the father worked at the tinsmith's trade and farmed on a small scale until his death. Alvah Churchill and his wife, Aurelia (daughter of Elisha Andrus, formerly of Berkshire, Mass., who settled in Granville township in 1820), had four children: Achsah (Mrs. Dunham Ross), Calvin W., Amanda (Mrs. Harry Bailey) and Fayette. Calvin W. Churchill, from nine years of age, was reared in Granville toAvnship, where he has since remained ; he cleared and improved the farm of eighty acres he now occupies. He has been twice married ; his first wife Avas Lura, daughter of Hugh and Prudence (Bailey) Holcomb, of Le Roy town ship, and by her he had three children, who grew to maturity : Olney, Lutilia (Mrs. Hollis A. Holcomb) and Martha (Mrs. D. S. Sherman) ; his second wife was Mrs. Mehitable (Ralyea) Gee, of Granville town ship. Mr. Churchill is one of the oldest living residents of Granville . township; he is a member of the Christian Church, and in politics is a Republican. JOHN CLAPPER, farmer, Tuscarora township, P. O. Siivara, Avas born in New Baltimore, N. Y., a son of William P. and Catherine (McCarg) Clapper, the former of German lineage and the latter of Irish, both being natives of New York. His father, who was a car penter and joiner by trade and a soldier in the War of 1812, reared a family of nine children, as follows : Hannah M. (deceased), married to David Jay, of Broome county, N. Y.; Peter, a farmer in Tuscarora ; Margaret (Mrs. P. F. Hardee) ; John, the subject of these lines ; Will iam, a farmer in Tuscarora; Sally Ann (Mrs. Edward Merbaker), of Rome ; Mary Jane ; Julia (Mrs. William Featherly), and Abram, a farmer in Michigan. Mr. Clapper learned the carpenter and joiner's trade and worked at it with his father until 1840, Avhen he settled on a farm in Tuscarora township, and has since been engaged chiefly in farming, but occasionally Avorking at his trade. He married, for his first wife, Harriet, daughter of J. C. and Margaret (French) Culver, of Sheshequin, by whom he had ten children, viz.: Elmer L., a merchant in New York; Amelia (deceased); James, a farmer, in Tuscarora; Icelda (Mrs. Nathaniel Strickland, in Tuscarora) ; Margaret (deceased) ; Daniel L., a farmer in Tuscarora; Catherine (deceased) ; Harriet (Mrs. Joel Carter, of Montrose) ; John F., a farmer in Pike, and Angeline, married to Wallace W. Gaylord, of Wyalusing. Mr. Clapper married, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 719 for his second wife, Malvina, daughter of George and Fannie (Phelps) Maxfield Bennett, of Tuscarora. Mr. Clapper is a stanch Republican, and has held the office of school director nine years ; constable, six years ; assessor, three years ; commissioner, six years, and several minor offices ; he is a friend of honest government, and a man of whom the community may well be proud. BENJAMIN CLARK, farmer, P. O. East Canton, was born in Orange county, N. Y., August 25, 1822, a son of Samuel and Hannah ' (VanEleet) Clark, also natives of Orange county. Our subject came to Bradford county in 1847, locating where Lindly Stone now lives, in Le Roy, Avhere he resided five years, after which he removed to his present residence. He was reared and educated in Orange county, N. Y, and on February 9, 1841, he was united in marriage with Arminda, daughter of Noyse and Nancy Wickham, of Orange county. He enlisted in the Twelfth New York Cavalry, Company I, serving one year, after which he was honorably discharged, and he now draws a pension of $8.00 per month. " He is the father of four children, three of whom are now living : Nancy M., married to Holcey Clark; Elmira J., married to John Shoemaker; and Harding, married to Ella M. Dunbar, by which union there is one son, Harry Ashton, born May 18, 1875. Mr. Clark resides on a farm of fifty-tAvo acres of Avell- improved land, all of which is under cultivation ; he raises grain, stock and butter. He is a member of the Church of Christ, and of the G. A. R. Politically he is an Independent Republican, and has been honored with several town offices, all of which he discharged with credit. B. M. CLARK, undertaker, Rome, was born July 22, 1845, on the farm OAvned by his brother, and is a son of Harry and Ellen (Brown) Clark, natives of this county. His boyhood was passed on his father's farm, and in attending school in Rome and Orwell ; he afterward learned the trade of mason. His first farm was the old homestead which contained one hundred and twenty acres, which he sold to his brother, and in 1876 he built his present residence — an elegant house containing all modern conveniences. He was united in marriage October 20, 1868, with Eliza Vought, daughter of John and Esther (Horton) Vought (the former born at Standing Stone, and the latter in Sheshequin), whose family consisted of six children of Avhich Mrs. Clark is the second. Mr. and Mrs. Clark have an adopted child, May, noAv in her twelfth year ; the family worship at the Baptist Church. Mr. Clark is an unswerving Republican in politics, and has held the office of township commissioner for tAvo years, besides other local offices. The Clark family are well-known and highly respected by a large circle of friends. GILBERT M. CLARK, shoe merchant, contractor, and dealer in horses, Towanda, was born in Athens township, this county, Sep tember 14, 1846, and is a son of Samuel S. and Rachel (Smith) Clark, both natives of New York State, Avho settled in Athens township about 1830, Avhere his father engaged in lumbering and farming, and cleared and improved the farm on which he at present resides ; their children were Charles M., James H., Samuel W, Gilbert M. and Rachel A. 720 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. (Mrs. Edgar Knight). Our subject was reared in Athens* township, where he received a common-school education. During the late Civil War he A\'as engaged in buying horses for the Government, and in 1866 settled in Towanda, Avhere lie Avas engaged as a contractor on what is now the Lehigh Valley Railroad, one and a half years. In 1868 he embarked in the shoe business, Avhich, with the exception of one year, he has since carried on. Since 1885 he has also been engaged as a con tractor on street paving, and since 1887 as a buyer and seller of Cana dian horses. On January 20, 1870, he married Mary, daughter of Abraham and Eliza (Reed) Clark, of Angelica, N. Y. He is a Royal Arch Mason, Scottish Rite, and is a past high priest of Chapter No. 108 of Towanda; politically he is a stanch Democrat. HARRY CLARK, retired farmer, was born in Rome township, Bradford Co., Pa., May 1, 1808, and is the son of Laflet and Lois (Parks) Clark. Laflet Clark was a native of Pennsylvania, who came to this county and located at Standing Stone several years prior to Harry's birth, and was a pioneer farmer and lumberman of this section ; he died in Rome toAvnship at the adA^anced age of eighty-four years. Harry Clark spent his boyhood in the wilderness, attending school as much as the opportunities would permit ; his first teacher was Lena Woodburn, and he was present when that school-house was demolished by a cyclone ; he passed his boyhood and early manhood in clearing away the forests, and has made thirty-seven trips down the river lumbering, walking all the Avay on the return trip, which usually required five days ; he earned the money with which to buy his first pair of shoes by cutting the timber from one acre of land, and then got cheated in the shoes ; he noAv owns one hundred and thirty acres. Mr. Clark was twice married, first, January 27, 1839, to Ellen BroAvn, who died October 14, 1854; for his second wife he married, January 19, 1855, C. O. Parks; he has had six children, five by his first wife, and one by his second, viz. : John M., B. M., Laflet, Lemuel, Ellen (married to Oscar Middaugh), Frances (married to William Loyd). Mr. Clark is one of the old landmarks of this section, having spent his long, and useful life within the township's borders ; he is a Republican. ' H. L. CLARK, of the firm of Gleason & Clarks, tanners, Canton, Avas born in Canton, this county, June 23, 1869, a son of Byron W. and Elizabeth (Mitchell) Clark. He is the third in order of birth in a fam ily of four children, and was reared in Canton, and received his educa tion in the graded schools of that place; took a course in bookkeeping and stenography at the School of Commerce, in Elmira, N. Y., and taught the latter branch a short time in the college there. He held the position of private secretary for the president of the Noav York and Pennsylvania Telephone Company, in New York Citv, about two months, then returning to Canton, he purchased in May, 1887, au interest in the Canton tannery, which he has been connected Avith since. He was married in Oanton February 6, 1890, to Ida G., daughter of Henry and Maria (Griffin) Spencer, natives of Union township, Tioga Co., Pa., and Canton township, this county, respect ively. Henry Spencer is a farmer, and resides in Canton township. Mrs. Clark is the only child, and was born in Canton township, Octo- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 721 ber 11, 1867 ; she is a member of the Disciple Church, Mr. Clark being a member of the Baptist. Politically he is a Prohibitionist. J. FRED CLARK, of the firm of Gleason & Clarks, tanners, is a native of Tioga county, Pa., and Avas born March 14, 1864, a son of Byron and Elizabeth (Mitchell) Clark, also natives of Tioga county. The father, who Avas a druggist and banker, served as burgess of the borough, and was a school director, being a member of the board when the school Avas established ; he died in 1879, in his forty-eighth year. Mrs. Clark married the second time, and is now the Avife of L. R. Gleason, and resides in Canton. Our subject, who is the eldest in a family of four children, was reared in Tioga county, Pa., until four years of age, when the family moved to Canton. He received his education in the borough schools, and the Elmira School of Commerce. He clerked in his father's drug store until 1880, and then attended the high school, studying special branches in 1882 ; went West and traveled through different States six months, after which he returned and went to work in the Canton tannery, and in 1884 he purchased from the heirs his father's interest in the drug store of Clark & Whit man, and was in the drug business until 1887. Selling^ his interest to his partner, J. 0. Whitman, he, with his brother, H. B., bought a one- half interest in the Canton Tannery, since which time he has been superintendent of the business. Mr. Clark was married in Addison, N. Y., in 1885, to Frances O, daughter of George and Anna (Baldwun) Taggart, natives of NeAV York ; her father was a merchant and hotel keeper; he served as quarter-master during the Avar, and was made brevet major for gallant service. Mrs. Clark is the third in a family of four children, and Avas born in Addison, N. Y., September 28. 1863 ; she is a member of ,the Episcopal, Mr. Clark of the Baptist, Church. Politically, he is a Prohibitionist. S. S. CLARK, farmer, Athens toAvnship, P. O. Wilawana, Avas born October 25, 1810, in Candor, Tioga Co., N. Y., a son of Samuel S. and Mary (Van Tile) Clark, both of whom were born in Orange county, N. Y., of English and Dutch descent. S. S. Clark, Sr., was the son bf Jacob Clark, a soldier of Revolutionary fame. Jonathan Van Tile, his grandfather, was also in the Revolutionary War. S. S. Clark died about 1824; his Avife in 1814. Our subject was four years old when his mother died, and fourteen at the time of his fathers death ; he is the fourth in a family of eight, only tAvo of whom are uoav living ; he is eighty-one years old and is in good health. He removed to this county in November, 1835, locating in Avhat is now known as Wila wana, but then as Orcut Creek, and a wilderness, but by patience and hard toil he has made it a paradise. Daniel Orcut was the first settler, and sold Mr. Clark his lot of thirty-five acres, to which he has added two other lots of fifty and twenty-three acres, respectively. In De cember, 1831, he married Rachel, daughter of Waiteand Rachel Smith, and to this union \vere born seven children, five of whom are now liv ing, as follows : Charles M.; J. II., a contractor on the D. L. & W. R. R.; S. W., grain dealer in Elmira, N. Y; G. M., Avho has a shoe store in Towanda; and R. A. (Mrs. Knight). Mr. Clark is a retired farmer, living with his daughter, Mrs. R. A. Knight, on his OAvn homestead ; 7'i'2 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. his wife died May 4, 1877, at the ageof sixty-four years. He has held the office of justice of the peace ten years ; is a member of the F. A: A. M., and politically he is a Democrat. ISAAC CLEAVER, of Cleaver & Bailey, prominent dealers in gen eral merchandise, Troy, was born in Covington, Tioga. Co., Pa., Janu ary 21, 1S43, a son of Samuel and Mary E. (Jackson) Cleaver, and coines of' Quaker stock. He Avas reared in his native oounty and reoeived a common-school education ; Avhen twenty years of age he began his business career as a clerk in his native' town, and in 1865 located in Troy where he Avas clerk in the store of Newberry & Peok until 1874, Avhen he was admitted into partnership, and that business Avas conducted under the firm name of Newberry, Peok & Co., until January 1, 1890, when Messrs. Newberry & Peok retired, and the firm has since been Cleaver & Bailey. Mr. CJeaver married, in 1S67, Maria L., daughter of James II. and Lydia (Palmer) Willour, and by her has two children : Harry and Mary Emily. Mr. Cleaver is one of the live enterprising business men of Troy,and a popular merchant ; he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a Sir Knight Templar, and in politics a Republican. E. J. CLEVELAND, attorney at law and insurance iuyont, Canton, is a native of Mason ville, Delaware Co., N. Y., born July 7, 1S56, a son of Dr. J. E. Cleveland, of Canton, also a native of Mason ville, born August 4, 1829 ; his parents were Josiah D. and Luoy (Bryant) Cleve land, natives of Connecticut. The Doctor began the practice of mod icine in his natiA'e place in 1859, and in the fall of 1860 oameto Canton ; after remaining about eight months he removed to Ogdensburg, Tioga, Co., Pa., where he practiced until 1875, then returned to Canton, and has followed his profession in that place since. He was married in Franklin, N. Y., in 1850, to Nancy T., daughter of John and Pluobe (Kiff) Lyon, natives of Bloomville, Delaware Co., N. Y. Mrs. Cleve land was born in Bloomville, N. Y., March 17, 1827. The subject of this memoir, who is the younger of two children living, was reared in his native place until three years of age, Avhen the family removed fo Ogdensburg, Pa. There he remained until 1875, when he removed to Canton, and has since resided here, lie received his education in the graded schools, and took private lessons of Prof. II. E. Raessly, now superintendent of the Tioga County Schools ; began reading law under Davis ec Carnochan in 1878, and Avas admitted to the bar in February, 1881 ; engaged in the insurance business in 1885, purchasing the agencies of John A. Moody and R. M. Manley. lie Avas married in Canton, July 16, 1884, to Jennie F., daughter of Francis S. and Elizabeth W. (Davis) Elliott, natives of Bradford county. Francis Elliott was a builder and contractor, and died in Canton in 1880, aged sixty years, Mrs. Cleveland is the fifth in the order of birth in a family of throe daughters and three sons, and Avas born in Canton toAvnship, this county, in October 1859. To Mr. and Mrs. Cleveland were born two children : Florence J. and Eloise K. Mrs. Cleveland is a member of the Disciple Church. Mr. Cleveland is a, member ofthe V. & A. M., Can ton Lodge, No. 415, and Troy Chapter, No. 261 ; also a member of the I. 0. O. F., Canton Lodge, No. 321, and holds the office of U. G. of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 723 the Canton Encampment, also the office of S. W,; is secretary of the Innes Hose Co.; secretary of the Equitable Aid Union, and secretary of the Underwriters Association. Politically he is an Independent, and is serving his second term as justice of the peace. FRANKLIN COBURN, farmer and stock grower, P. 0. Warren Centre, is a native of Warren township, this county, born July 18, 1831, on the farm where he resides, a son of Daniel H. and Harriet (Dening) Coburn, natives of Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, respect ively, and of good old English stock. Daniel was the son of Moses and" Maria (Horton) Coburn, of Connecticut. Moses came to this county about the year 1800, and located in Warren township, where his Avife died in December, 1849, he dying June 1, 1850 ; their children were nine in number, as follows : Daniel H., Roswell L. (married to Lucy Keeler, both deceased, leaving five children), Frances (Mrs. James Olmstead, who died, the mother of seven children), Phebe (Mrs. Nathan Young, Jr., who died July 27, 1844, her husband June 2, 1890), Mary (deceased), Augustus (married to Sophia Manning, had four children, and both died in 1873), George (married to Caroline Barton, and had four children), Harriet (Mrs. Herman Knapp, had three children, and she died in 1880) Betsey (Mrs. Landers) residing in Owego. Daniel H. Coburn was reared in Warren township, and died in 1876; his wife in 1872; they had six children: Franklin, Maria (Mrs. John C. Manning), Mary S. (Mrs. Newman N. Bowen, who had four children and died in 1876), Ellen (Mrs. LeAvis A. Bosworth, died in 1864), Julia (Mrs. George M. GrisAvold, of Owego, has three children) and Daniel F. (who served his country in the Civil War in the One Hundred and Ninth N. Y. V. I., and was killed January 16, 1865, by the explosion at Fort Fisher; at the time of his death he was a lieutenant). Franklin Coburn grew to manhood on the farm, and learned a more practical life than that of books, but AATas sufficiently advanced to teach school several terms, going to New Jersey, in 1851, to teach, returning in 1866, and has since devoted his time wholly to his farm of one hundred and forty acres. He was married in New Jersey, in 1856, to Catherine M. Mauley, daughter of Rev. John and Martha Vandeveer, natives of New Jersey, and of English descent, who reared a family of seven children, Catherine being the second (she was reared and educated in New Brunswick). To Mr. and Mrs. Coburn have been born five children, as follows : Charles R., married to Carrie Chaffee, and has one child, Hattie ; Martha D. ; Daniel F. ; Sarah D. and Maud E. The family worship at the Presbyterian Church, of which Mr. Coburn is elder; in politics he is a Republican. J. P. COBURN, merchant, Orwell Hill, was born in Warren town ship, this county, December 16, 1837, a son of Sidney and Lois (Mer- ricle) Coburn, whose ancestors came from Connecticut to Warren town ship, this county, in an early day. Sidney Coburn was born in War ren township in 1802, and died in 1844. He had a family of four children, of whom J. P. is the youngest ; the mother died May 6, 1891. J. P. Coburn lived on his father's farm and received his early education in the district schools, and at Towanda Collegiate Institute. He began his attendance there, teaching winters, and continued his 724 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. attendance, teaching during the Avinter terms four years. On August 13, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment ; was soon promoted to corporal, and was on detached duty as clerk in the commissary department ; he was nevr off duty or absent a day from his brigade during his time of service. He was mustered out with his regiment, returned home and resumed teaching and farming until 1869, when he sold his farm and formed a partner ship with A. C. Frisbie, opening a store at Orwell Hill, where he has since remained. In 1876 he purchased his partner's interest, and has continued alone ; Avas elected a member of the Legislature of Penn- syhrania in 1882, serving one term. Is a stock-holder and one of the managers of the Orwell Creamery Company, which was organized in 1887 (the company manufactured about 47,000 pounds of butter in 1890, and paid the farmers over $7,000 for milk). He Avas one of the corporators of the Orwell library in 1876, and has ever since been its librarian. Mr. Coburn Avas married in September, 1871, to Harriet G., a daughter of Lewis Barns, and they have four children : Sidney L., Lois D., Carrie E. and Gertrude. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church, of which he is secretary, and member of the board of trustees ; he has been a member of the F. & A. M. over twenty years ; is a member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R., and in politics he is a Republican. LEWIS B. COBURN, hard Avare merchant, Towanda, was born in Warren toAvnship, this county, September 22, 1845, and is a son of George and Caroline (Barton) Coburn. His paternal grandfather, Moses Coburn, was a native of New England and a pioneer of War ren township, where he cleared and improved a farm, and reared a family of nine children, as follows : Daniel, Roswell, Augustus, Frances (Mrs. James Olmstead), George, Harriet (Mrs. Harmon Knapp), Mary, Phebe (Mrs. Nathan Young) and Betsey (Mrs. Landers). The maternal grandfather was Lewis Barton, a pioneer of Susquehanna county, Pa. George Coburn spent most of his life in farming and teaching school, for which his services were much sought. He died in Tioga county, N. Y., in 1878 ; his children were : Arabella (Mrs. John Kelley), Caroline, Lewis B. and Edward. LeAvis B. Co- burn Avas reared in Tioga county, N. Y., and educated in the public and commercial schools of Syracuse, N. Y., and at the Owego Acad emy, Owego, N. Y He began life as a clerk, and in 1886 engaged in the hardware business in Towanda, where by close attention to the wants of the people he has built up a lucrative trade. Tn 1868 he married Mary, daughter of Charles and Harriet (Dickerson) Ames, of West Warren, this county. Mr. Coburn has been a resident of Towanda since 1869, and is one of its representative citizens and business men ; politically he is a Republican. EDGAR H. CODDING, editor of the LeRaysville Advertiser, Avas born April 4, 1856, in Pike township, this county, a son of Dr. David S. and Asenath Celinda (Ladd) Codding, the former a native of Dutchess county, N. Y, and the latter of Albany township, this county. Mr. Codding, who is the eighth in a family of ten children, Avas educated at the LeRaysville graded school, and began life for HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 725 himself by teaching the Beecher school in Pike township, Avhen but eighteen years of age. He taught six years, and then spent about one year in the West, Avhere he was , engaged in mercantile business ; then folio Aved the grocery business in LeRaysville, tAvo years, after which he was employed by George Bailey, two years in the mercantile business. In January, 1887, he purchased the LeRaysville Advertiser, and later admitted F. M. Wheaton as partner. On January, 30, 1884, Mr. Codding married Helen, daughter of George S. and Lucy (Cor bin) Gorham, who were among the early settlers in Warren toAvnship. Mrs. Codding is a member of the Congregational Church. Mr. Cod ding in his political views is a Republican. COLONEL JOHN A. CODDING, Towanda. Every old and long established community, by an unwritten law of selection, tends to ward the process of sitting out and placing at the fore some recognized common leader in our social and business life. These chosen men lead, not by virtue generally of any written law, but mostly by that instinct of cohesion and dependence upon superiors that is an under-current in every social life, and in all communities. In the rude and wild tribes these leaders are their fighters, and the degrees of civilization are measured by the domination of mind, and to this advance in time comes that yet higher type of " mentor and friend " who combines integrity of character Avith broadening of intellect. The appositeness of these reflections, linked to the gentleman's name that heads this sketch, will be apparent by the briefest recital of the public and private positions of honor and trust that the good will of his old neighbors and friends have put upon Col. Codding through a continuous generation of years. Forty years ago he was an humble mechanic, and an occa sional short winter-term school teacher, and Avas in 1853 constructing canal locks, railroad bridges, stone and brick .buildings, and plaster ing houses and, though by nature retiring and negative, yet his neighbors found him out, and from a private adviser and friend they promoted him, by their spontaneous will, from the trowel and the hammer to high sheriff of the county, in Avhich he served from 1854 until 1857, and Avas then made deputy-sheriff, and was in this position three years from 1857 to 1860. In 1862 he filled, by appointment of Gov. Curtin (Avho had already sent him, unsolicited, a full captain's commission), the difficult and responsible office of commissioner of the draft, and he performed its every duty Avith eminence and fidelity. A short parenthesis just here is necessary : When the war came Col. Codding Avas by far the leading military character of the county. He had had vast experience and varied service in the old State militia, a strong military organization in peace times. He had served for years as Brigade Inspector, the district then being composed of fiATe counties, and in this service had passed the grades of captain, major, lieutenant- colonel to Brigade Inspector, a most responsible position, with suffi cient salary to command his undivided time and attention. He thus served until the old military organization of the State was changed in 1845, and at the breaking out of Avar the Governor looked naturally to him as the one man of military affairs in Bradford, and was ready to give him any position he might prefer. He began organizing and a 720 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. drilling a company, and soon this greAv so large that it was divided into two companies, and it fell to the second company to go en masse into the serAice, while Col. Codding continued to raise and drill men and forward them to the front. In this way he rendered his country invaluable service. In 1880 the Colonel Avas made clerk to the prothonotary of Bradford county, and served to the satisfaction of the entire community, four years ; in 1880 he Avas made a magistrate, has filled the office con tinuously since, and Avas again elected for five years, from May, 1891, where perhaps, as mutual friend of neighbors, hot and eager for legal frays, he has rendered more valuable services to a greater number of people than has probably any other man ever in the county. In 1876 he became president of the Eureka MoAver Company, Towanda, and his clear judgment and quick perceptions were of the highest measure to that concern. In 1854 he was the close friend of Hon. David Wilmot and Judge Mercur, in founding in this State the Republican party, where, as everywhere, his advice was clear cut, carrying much weight, and he was a real factor in swinging the great Commonwealth into line where a Lincoln Avas to lead and a Grant to command. The social side of this man's life is not so easily written, but it is in the hearts of the many Avhom he has befriended in the hour of trial and great need, attested joyfully by all in open glad acts at every opportunity. He has now reached that age, but that is all, Avhen the average man would begin to retire from active life. Born in Dutchess county, N. Y., July 6, 1819, of David and Susannah (Wood) Codding, the son of an honest mechanic, and himself successfully passing the degrees of the "mechanic's craft, from the humblest to" the highest. His father's family came to Bradford county in 1823, locating in Pike township, and in time the father taught school and became a distinguished minister of the Protestant Methodist Church; he died in August, 1874. His family numbered six children, of Avhom John A. Avas the fourth in the order of birth. He now looks back with no inconsiderable pride upon some of the substantial buildings in this county and in Elmira, N. Y., that are yet evidences of his skilled hand, when he was a young mechanic on the threshold of his long, useful and honorable life. In November, 1847, John A. Codding and Per- ciller L. Hodge were joined in the bonds of wedlock at her home in LeRaysville; she Avas a daughter of Rev. James and Rebecca (Miller) Hodge, natives of Pennsylvania. Of this union there Avere four children, as follows : James H. Codding, John W. Codding, Dr. Charles L. Codding, of Duluth, and Mary (Mrs. Alexander H. Davis). Mrs. Codding departed this life February 4, 1888. Dr. Charles L. Codding1 was born in the court-house in ToAvanda, Avhile his father was sheriff ; is a distinguished physician of Duluth, Minn. Mrs. Mary (Codding) Davis is a resident of Duluth, Minn. Two of this family of children have gone out from the roof-tree, bear ing in their hearts the admonitions of their childhood home, and two are here in their native place, while all have so deported themselves as to advance along that higher plane of life that comes of the wise and gentle ministrations imparted to them in their tender childhood, hon- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 727 oring a parent that has honored them by their exemplary and upright lives — all of them have inherited well that shield that would turn as wholly harmless every shaft of envy or detraction that might be cast at them. Mr. Codding has been a consistent and prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church during the past thirty years, much of the time serving as class leader, and has been secretary and treas urer of the church fifteen years. During thirteen years he Avas judge of elections ; for many terms was a member and president of the school board, and was largely instrumental, while, in that body, in the building of the elegant school-house in 1873. He is a Royal Arch Masop. He was appointed census enumerator in 1880, and performed the duties of that office completely, and to the entire satisfaction of his official superiors. JAMES H. CODDING, a leading member of the Bradford county bar, was born in Pike township, this county, July 8, 1849, and is the eldest son and child of John A. and Perciller (Hodge) Codding. He Avas reared in Towanda from five years of age, and educated at Sus quehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda, and Dartmouth College. From 1868 to 1876, he Avas engaged in the hardware business in Towanda with Codding & Russell. After that he studied law with Henry Streeter, Esq., was admitted to the bar in February, 1879, and has been in active practice of his profession since. On Septem ber 15, 1870, he married Blanche, daughter of Theodore and Martha (Clark) Wells, of Muncy, Pa., and has one son, Arthur. In 1890 Mr. Codding was the Republican candidate for president judge for the Thirteenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, but Avas defeated in elec tion by the Independent Republican fusion with the Democrats ; polit ically he has always been a stanch Republican, and never, even in the bitterest political campaign ever witnessed in the county, was he person ally assailed, and no man in the county to-day stands fairer in name and fame among his neighbors of all classes. JOHN W. CODDING, district attorney, Towanda, was born in Pike township, this county, June 10, 1854, and is a son of John A. and Perciller L. (Hodge) Codding. He was reared in ToAvanda, and was educated at Lafayette College, Avhere he was graduated in 1877; the same year he began the study of law in the office of Overton & Mercur, ToAvanda, and was admitted to the bar September 5, 1879, and has since been in active practice as a member of the law firm of James H. & John W. Codding. He was married November 12, 1890, to Anne E., daughter of Maj. Elias W. and Mary J. (Taylor) Hale, of Towanda. He is a member of the Episcopal Church, Towanda, and has been chairman of the Bradford County Republican Committee three years, 1886-1887-1888; was elected district attorney of Brad ford county in 1889, and has discharged the high office Avith marked fidelity and ability. Mr. Codding has been a Republican, ever stanch in his politics, and true and trusted in his friendship, and is accounted one of the strong and leading attorneys of Bradford county. BELA COGSWELL, retired Free Will Baptist minister, Siivara, was born in Tuscarora toAvnship, this county, January 10, 1817. The Cogswell family were among the earliest settlers of Tuscarora, and 728 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. have always been prominent in the history of their section. The progenitor of the family, in America, was John Cogswell, born in Westbury, England, in 1592, who sailed May 23, 1635, on the ship " Angel," to America, and was wrecked off the coast of Pemaquid, but, together Avith his wife and four sons and five daughters, was Avashed ashore, August 15, same year, all escaping death. From this man the subject of this sketch is descended as folloAvs : John, William, William, Edward, Samuel, Edward, Edward, Elisha, "Elisha, Bela, subject, being of the ninth generation from John Edward. The grand father was quite a prominent character in the early settlement and development of Tuscarora; born March 24, 1767, at New Milford, Conn., he married Bertha Beeman, February 10, 1770, and nine years later remoA^ed to Frenchtown, this county, and being a miller by occupa tion, it is presumed that he found employment in the early mills of that section ; about the year 1800 he removed to the valley of Tuscarora creek, near the present site of the village of Siivara, aud established a permanent home, Avhich is still in the possession of his descendants ; he had a family of nine children, the second. Elisha, being the father of Bela; he was born in Bradford county, April 4, 1792, married January 7, 1816, to Hannah Ford, and died June 4, 1873; his children Avere : Bela, Niram J., Jarvis B., Caroline M., Emeline F. Elisha was a farmer by occupation, and . OAvned the farm now occupied by Bela ; he also followed lumbering and shingle making to a* considerable extent; was a soldier of v 1812, and served his country faithfully through that brief but bitter struggle ; was an ardent lover of the chase, and his faithful rifle furnished provender for his family during the period when food Avas so scarce that they othenvise would have suffered. It is an historical fact that he purchased a yoke of oxen to be paid for in venison, giving a ton thereof for the cattle ; he secured this amount by the agreed time, all killed with his old flintlock rifle ; he was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and over fifty years steward and trustee of his church. Bela Cogswell married October 19, 1837, Eunice Prentice, and after her death married, May 22, 1870, for his second wife, Mrs. Lydia Fuller, avjcIoav of Rev. Still man Fuller. Bv his first marriage he had the following children : Abel B., born March 7, 1839, died January 28, 1857; Sophrona M., born July 4, 1841, married John Ruger, a farmer of Tuscarora ; Emma, R., born March 16. 1844, married Joseph II. Atkins (he was a soldier of the Rebellion, and was wounded in battle, from the effects of which he died shortly after his return home) ; Mary A., born July 2, 1846, married L. B. Lacey, an undertaker, of New Lacevville, Pa. ; Stella A., born September 22, 1849, died October 30, 1887 ; Hosmer E., born July 4, 1854 (was accidentally shot while hunting, November 16, 1876) ; Ward B., born March 27, 1868, merchant, of Siivara, Pa. Our subject was reared on a farm and had only the educational advantages afforded by the common schools of that day; at the age of sixteen he began teaching, which he followed about three years, and then turned his attention to farming, which, with more or less persistency, he has followed until the present. At the age of sixteen he was licensed to preach in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and remained Avith that HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 729 denomination until November 24, 1856, when he cast his lot Avith the Free Will Baptist Church, with which he has since remained; he Avas largely instrumental in causing the Free Will Baptist Church of Sii vara to be built, and is the only pastor that church has had ; he has labored as a minister over fifty years, and always for the love of the cause, as he had to make his living by other means ; he is a Republican in politics, and has served as justice of the peace from 1845 until 1860; has also filled the various town offices. Mr. Cogswell is noAv approaching the autumn of his life, and owns and resides on the old homestead of his father, Avhich has been in the family for nearly a century, and where, loved and respected by all, he expects to await the summons which will call him to his reward. CHARLES C. COLE, locomotive engineer, Sayre, is a native of Elmira, N. Y., born January 15, 1851, only child of Charles and Ger trude (Hazen) Cole, natives of New Jersey ; the former served as post master at Elmira, and died in Buffalo, N. Y, in 1854 ; the latter died in 1851. Charles C. Cole, after the death of his father, was taken form Elmira to Danbury, Tompkins Co., N. Y., to the home of his uncle, with whom he lived until he grew up. In 1877 he went to Ithaca, N. Y. , and ran a stationary engine for Trieman & King, and Williams Bros., seven years, and was then employed as a brakesman on the G. I. & S. R. R., and after being four years with the employ, he began firing, and was promoted to engineer September 2, 1890. He was married in Brookton, N. Y., January 12, 1874, to Miss Elizabeth McWhorter, a member of the Congregational Church, an exemplary Christian woman, and who died in January, 1877. Mr. Cole Avas married, the second time, in Newark Valley, January 18, 1887, to Miss Lucy Travis, whose parents are natives of this county ; her father was a farmer in early life, but is now employed in the machine shops in Sayre ; her mother died in July, 1884, in her sixty-fourth year. Mrs. Cole Avas born in Burling ton township, this county, April 29, 1864, and is the youngest in a family of eleven children. Mr. Cole is a member of the Sexennial League, and Peoples Benefit Association, and in politics is a Republican. C. H. COLE, M. D., Sheshequin, was born in Kingston, UlsterCo., N. Y., April 4, 1818, and is a son of John and Catherine (Letts) Cole, na tives of the same place, the latter of whom was at the Wyoming mas- acre, being a child at that time ; her father fled with his family, and being closely pursued by savages swam the river with three children clinging to his clothing, and she was one of the three , he escaped with his children and fled through the wilderness to the Hudson river, subsisting on roots and berries, which they could gather in the woods. John Cole died in Geneva, N. Y„ in 1849, aged eighty-five ; his wife had died in 1846 at the age of seventy-five. He was a soldier of the Revolution, was at the battle of Kingston, and saw the village burned by the British ; the mother was also present at the event, and stood on Hurley mountain and Avatched the flames consume her childhood home. Though but a lad, he carried a musket and stood at his post Avith the best soldiers of the Continental Army. In the family there were eleven children, two of whom survive — one daughter and himself. She married Stephen Newell, and is now a widow. Dr. Cole's early life was 730 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY, spent on a farm, and he received his early education in the public schools of New York. His professional education was received at the Geneva Medical College, where he was graduated in 1848 ; while reading medi cine he taught a considerable time. He began practice in Barton, N. Y., then went to Tioga county, Pa.; in 1854 he moved to McHenry county, 111., and engaged in the practice of medicine there four years, and then came to Sheshequin, where he has since made his home. On December 2, 1862, he enlisted in the army ; was examined in a class of 298 seeking commissions, and received his commission as assistant-sur geon ; fifteen days later he Avas promoted to surgeon of the One Hun dred and Seventy-second Regiment P. V. I., with rank of major; was with the Army of the Potomac, and was mustered out August 1, 1863, and he is a pensioner, drawing $30 a month. In 1837 he Avas married to Sylvan, daughter of Aaron Walker, of New Hampshire, and there were born to this marriage two children : Caroline, married to Dennis Porter, who was accidently killed in 1888, and William Henry, a phy sician in Henry county, 111. The mother of these children dying, the Doctor married, June 15, 1859, Hannah Horton, daughter of David and Hannah (Newell) Horton, and by this marriage there is one child, John Franklin. Hayden S. Cole, grandson of Dr. C. H. Cole, is a graduate of West Point, and is at the present time located at St. Paul, Minn. Dr. Cole is a Democrat, and has been for years the leading physician of this section of the country. DAVID W. COLE, dealer in coal, wagons, lumber, shingles, etc., Wysox, was born August 14, 1829, in Avhat is now Asylum (then Wysox) township, this county, and is a son of Solomon (who was a son of Solomon) and Sarah (Tyron) Cole, natives of Bradford county; the father died in 1876, aged eighty-four. Grandfather Cole, who Avas one of the earliest pioneers in the county, settled in what is noAv Asy lum toAvnship, and took up a large and valuable tract of land. lie reared a large family. He was a farmer who, while laboring afield, axe in hand, measuring his strength against the dark old forests, found time to read medicine and theology, and, in company with his brother, Dr. Daniel Cole, who was one of the most prominent physicians of the coUnty in his day, fed and cured men's bodies and saved souls. David W. Cole, who is the second in a family of six children, who grew to their maturity, was reared in his native place, receiving his early education at the neighborhood schools of his day. He became a farmer for a short time ; but, impelled by a something that had mixed with his boyish dreams, he gathered his little bundle, joined those who go down to the sea in ships, and was soon found before the mast upon the salt waters. During the latter part of this time he was sailing on the lakes, on the "J. C. Anthony," a vessel of his own building, which he controlled six years. When the Civil War broke out he went to the Southern waters, in Government employ, Avith the blockading fleets, and had charge of Government vessels, serving dur ing the entire war ; and while not a regular enlisted soldier, he had often stood picket guard over Government supplies, and as a sentinel to warn against an approaching enemy. He left the water in 1878 and returned to his old Wysox home, a common "land lubber" once HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 731 more, and removed to his present home in 1884. On June 22, 1853, Mr. Cole was united in marriage with Catherine, daughter of Amos Sigler, of Geneva, N. Y, and of English descent. Of this union there is one child, Nellie (Mrs, Henry B. Wilson). Mrs. Cole is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Cole was made a Freemason at Madison, N. Y.,and a Chapter member at Syracuse. In politics he is a Republican, and has often been a delegate to important county conventions of the Republican party. J. H. COLE, physician, Gillett, was born in Binghamton, N. Y., October 24, 1817, a son of Benjamin and Abigail (Fanning) Cole, the former a native of Rhode Island. About the year 1820, Benjamin Cole came to this county from Binghamton with his wife and four children, the journey being made by horse and wagon, and located in Leona, Springfield township, where he purchased two hundred acres of wild land which he cleared. His life was that of a pioneer, sur rounded by all the usual hardships ; his house was of logs and bark, and like ail other early settlers much of his fare Avas obtained in* the woods and streams. During this time there Avere born to him four more children, making a family of eight, five of whom grew to maturity, four now living. Dr. Cole, who is the third in the family, was reared and educated in Springfield, and early showing a preference for the medical profession, began the study under Dr. W. Hopkins, of Wellsburg, N. Y.; then attended the Washington Medical College, in Baltimore, Md., two terms (1839-40); subsequently attended one term at the Buffalo Medical College, from which he was graduated in 1854. The Doctor's first practice was at Bentley Creek, this county, where he remained two years, and then removed to Wells' township, where he practiced with success twenty -five years, after which he came to Gillett where he noAv resides. On July 13, 1843, Dr. Cole married at Wells, this county, Catherine, daughter of Geheil and Emily Ayres, and there were born to them three children, two of whom, Dorleskie and Inez, grew to maturity, but are now deceased. The Doctor has held the office of postmaster in Wells toAvnship, seven years, and was also town clerk, showing the confidence reposed in him by his fellow citizens. He practices according to the regular school of medicine. WILLIAM F. COLE, farmer, P. O. Macedonia, Avas born in Asylum township, this county, October 22, 1820, and grew to manhood on his father's farm, where he now resides. He is a son of Samuel and Betsy (Sherman) Cole, natives of New York State, born of Yrankeeand Dutch ancestry. Samuel Cole was a soldier in the War of 1812 and a pensioner. The son was educated in the schools of the town, and when of age commenced farming on his own account. He was first married in 1849 to Mary E. Sterigere, and there Avere born to them seven chil dren, four of whom are living, as follows : Edward A., born July 24, 1852, married to Frances Wilcox; Mary I., born September 14, 1858; Willis W., born in 1858, married to Charlotte Shinnefelt ; Clara I., born July 23, 1860, wife of F. E. Vanness. Mrs. Cole died May 1, 1864, mourned by all who knew her, and August 27, 1864, Mr. 'Cole married Martha A. Watson, who Avas born September 9, 1844, daughter of Jairus and Rebecca (VanLoon) Wat- 732 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. son, of New Albany, this county, and there is one child, Alice G., born December 9, 1865, wife of George G. Stevens. Mr. Cole is a Repub lican, and has been school director many years ; he has neA'er taken an active interest in politics, but has attended closely to his farming inter ests. He owns about two hundred and sixty acres of land, and has been an extensive grower of small fruits, together with general farming; he has had a crop of grapes every year for the past sixty years, and has had one of the finest peach orchards in the countv. WILLIAM WALTER COLE, farmer, Minnequa, is a native of Minnequa, Canton township, this county, and was born April 30, 1840, a son of D. R. and Mahitabel (Roberts) Cole, natives of Phila delphia and Canton, respectively. His father was born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1812, and Avas reared there until seventeen years of age, when he came to Canton township ; he learned the whip-maker's trade in Philadelphia ; from 1833 until 1839 he had a boot and shoe shop, after which he followed farming; he died March 29, 1890. Mrs. Cole Avas born in 1816, and died in 1882. Our subject's grandfather, John Joslin Cole, Avas a native of Connecticut and went to Philadelphia Avhen a young man ; he Avas engaged in mercantile business there for some time, then went West, but returned to Canton township, where he died in the spring of 1865. His great-grandfather, "Washington Cole, Avas a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and lived in New York State several years, where he died. William Walter Cole, who is the fourth in the order of birth in a family of eight sons, Avas reared in Canton township, receiving his education in the select schools of Can ton, and taught three terms. At the breaking out of the Civil War, responding to his country's call, he enlisted August 24, 1861, in Com pany F, Eleventh P. V. C. (for three years' service), formerly Har lem's Light Cavalry. He was in active service and served under Gens. Cautz, Sheridan and Wilson, and Avas mustered out at Jones' Neck Landing, August 24, 1864. Returning home he re-enlisted, February 20, 1865, this time in the Government Construction Corps, and served until the close of the war. Since his return home Mr. Cole has followed farming, having purchased the feed-mill he noAv owns, in the fall of 1873, and built a sawmill in addition to it in 1875, that Avas run about three years. He was married in Canton, December 25, 1868, to Nettie A., daughter of Andrew and Mariette (Ruggles) Richards, natives of Vermont; her father Avas a mechanic, and died in Lisle, Broome Co., N. Y., in 1848; her mother married, for her seoond husband, Solomon Morse, and resides in East Troy. Mrs. Cole is the eldest in order of birth in a family of three children ; she Avas born in Broome county, N. Y., April 13, 1842. To Mr. and Mrs. Cole have been born nine children, as follows : Ezbon Walter, Ferris Edward, AndreAV G., Charles R., David R., Asa G., Nettie E., Lavan- tia and Lavernia (twins). The family are members of the Christian Church. Mr. Cole is a member of Keystone Grange; politically he is a Republican, and has served one term each as constable and school director. HENRY H. COLEMAN, farmer and stock raiser, Orwell, Avas born in Pike township, this county, in September, 1856. His father, Russell HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 733 Coleman, Avas also born in Pike township, March 15, 1823, and his grandfather, Reuben Coleman, a native of Connecticut, came in early life to this county where he engaged in farming. Russell Coleman began life on a farm Avhen quite young. He purchased, from the heirs of the estate, fifty acres, which with the fifty acres he inherited from his father made a total of 100 acres. In 1883 he retired and has since lived in LeRaysville. He married Harriet, daughter of Henry and Annie (Brown) Goodell, and they haATe had six children, viz.: Ransford, Annie (wife of Martin Sammon), Russell (died in infancy), Henry H, Emma (wife of Charles Shales) and Joseph H. Mrs. Rus sell Coleman died March 6, 1868. Henry H. Coleman attended the common schools until his twentieth year, when he began farm ing. In 1889 he purchased his present improved farm of 134 acres, the house on Avhich was built in 1870 ; in 1890 he reconstructed and enlarged the barn. Mr. Coleman married, in 1876, Alice H._, daughter of George C. and Henrietta (Taylor) Atwood, the third of a family of fourteen children, eleven of whom are living. Mr. Coleman is secre tary and a charter member of LeRaysville Lodge of the Farmers Alliance. He is a member of the Independent party. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mrs. Coleman's great grandfather served in the Revolutionary Army. Mr. Coleman had an uncle, Orrin Coleman, who served in the War of the Rebellion and lost two fingers. LEROY COLEMAN, merchant, LeRaysville, was born September 29, 1848, in Pike township, this county, a son of Joseph and Irene (Buttles) Coleman; the former, a farmer, was a native of Pennsylvania and of New England origin, and the latter was of Massachusetts and of Welsh descent. Their family consisted of six children, of whom Leroy is the eldest; the only other living member of the family is Madison J. Coleman, who is engaged in mining and stock dealing in Pueblo, Col. Leroy Coleman began life at the age of twenty-two years, teaching school ; he taught two years and, after one year, engaged with J. J, Gorham in the hardware business in LeRaysville. In 1886 they admitted A. E. Woodruff as third partner, thus forming the popular firm of Gorham, Coleman & Woodruff. Leroy Coleman was married July 28, 1872, to Miss Huldah, the fifth in the family of eleven children of Charles and Amanda (Denton) Reynolds, who came to Pennsylvania from New York in 1845. Of nine" children in the family who reached maturity, eight were school teachers. Mr. and Mrs. Coleman have no children ; they are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of which he has been trustee several terms ; in poli tics he is a Republican, and has been councilman and burgess several years. Mrs. Irene Coleman is the mother of LeRoy Coleman, with whom she lives, at the age of sixty-one years; her father, Jonathan Buttles, came from Massachusetts and settled in Orwell in 1835; in his family were eight children, of whom Mrs. Coleman is the eldest. TIMOTHY COLLINS, farmer, P. O. Overton, is one of the lead ing farmers of the neighborhood in which he has long made his home, and was born in County Cork, Ireland, in 1826, a son of Daniel and Jennie (Dailey) Collins, natives of the same place. Daniel Collins 734 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. died in 1852, and his widow in 1862. Timothy, who was'the eldest in a family of five children, grew to manbopd in his father's family in his native place; he came to America in 1851, located in Overton, and commenced the herculean task of cutting down the giant trees of the forest, and clearing a farm in the gloomy woods. A poor boy, Avith no exterior aid, cleaving his own way in life against odds that, to the ordinary young man, Avould be most appalling. But the results of his incessant labors are his present comfortable homestead of 100 acres, under a high state of cultivation. Mr. Collins Avas united in marriage, in Wyoming county, with Ellen, daughter of Michael and Mary (Cuney) Curran, natives of Ireland, and of this union there are four children, as follows: Jennie (wife of W. P. Kelley), Mary E., Daniel J. and Michael J. The male members of the family are of the Democratic persuasion in politics, and all the family are exemplary members of the Mother Church. The Collins home is one of the com fortable farm houses of Bradford county, where their friends and visitors come by the hundreds. COLONY BROTHERS (Charles E. and Thomas), manufacturers of lumber, lath and shingles, Sylvania, are natives of Troy, this county, and sons of Charles and Julia (Ferguson) Colony, Avho located in Wells township, this county, in 1841, and in Troy in 1851. The father, who was a mill-wright and bridge-builder by occupation, built a large num ber of bridges in various parts of the country. In 1861 he removed to Austinville, Avhere he died in 1864. He was a native of Bainbridge, Chenango do., N. Y.; reared a family of four children: William, Charles E., Augusta (Mrs. John F. Hunt) and Thomas. Charles E. and Thomas Avere reared in Bradford county, and located in Sylvania in 1881, where they have since been engaged in lumbering, operating the mills formerly OAvned by H. & P. Peck. They turn out over 6,000,000 feet of lumber annually, operate a planing mill in connection, and give employment to from nine to forty men in busy seasons of the year. Charles E. is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, and, politically, both are Republicans. DR. SAMUEL FISHER COLT, Wysox, minister of the Presby terian Church, and president of the Bradford County Medical Society, is a native of New Jersey, born at Paterson, April 19, 1817, and is the son of Samuel and Phoebe Colt, latter of Avhom was a daughter of Nathaniel Andrus, who was a descendant of Governor Andrus, of Connecticut, a family of English stock. Both grandfathers served honorably through the Revolutionary . War. The father was a mer chant and iron manufacturer, noted in his day and time as pre-eminent, in respect to both his business qualities and his superior mechanical genius, that made him an advanced leader of his time; he was a captain in the War of 1812, and raised his own company ; and was a ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church ; he died in 1825. His family consisted of four sons and one daughter, of whom Samuel F. is the youngest, and only survivor. He Avas reared mainly in Newark, N. J., Avhere he read medicine in the office of Dr. J. G. Goble (a class mate at Princeton of Washington Irving). He then entered the regular classical curriculum at LaFayette College in the class of 1837 ; HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 735 took the full three-years' course in the Princeton Theological Seminary, from 1837 to 1841, and immediately he was engaged in founding the Presbyterian Mission of Atlanta county, New Jersey. He was exam ined and licensed to the sacred ministry by the Presbytery of New Bruns- Avick, and was ordained at May's Lauding by the Presbytery of West Jersey, remaining until 1843, Avhen he came to Bradford county, and was located at Merryall as pastor of the Wyalusing Church, remaining nine years. From this field and labors have originated eight successful Presbyterian Churches, viz. :. Meshoppen, Dushore, Rush, Stevensville, Herrick, TerrytOAvn and Sugar Run, the Wyalusing Second and Camptown. He next removed to Towanda, where he founded the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute which Avas opened in 1854, and remained principal five years. In 1859, he went to Pottsville and founded the Second Presbyterian Church of that place. Here he was actively and successfully engaged, Avhen in 1861 the cloud of war did lower upon our nation. He promptly enlisted in the ninety -sixth P. V. I., and at the organization of the regiment was elected chaplain, and Avas with his command in the field. During his service in the army he received twenty-five members to their first communion in the camp and field. After a year's hard service, he resigned on account of broken health, and returned to Pottsville; then again- took up his ministry (the Church having retained the pastorate for him). He was deeply interested and successful in recruiting men for the army. He was pastor at Pottsville until 1866. Dr. Colt was actively inter ested in founding the Freedman's Board of the Presbyterian General Assembly, and served a year as secretary. In 1867, at Williamsport, he held a series of successful meetings during eight weeks, resulting in several hundred conversions. He was called to the pastorate at Troy, this county, where he remained a year and returned to the SusqueUanna Collegiate Institute at ToAvanda, at the urgent solicitation of its friends and trustees. His health failing at the end of five years, he spent the next thirteen years actively engaged as a missionary in Sullivan county, where he at the same time practiced medicine and surgery ; during this period he built a church at Laporte. In 1885 he removed to his present home in Wysox. In 1887, he Avas appointed, by Gov. Beaver, a member of the Forestry Commission ; is a member of the State Med ical Society ; president of the Bradford County Medical Society ; trustee of the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute and was trustee of La fayette College from 1857 to 1881. In his medical profession, his tastes run largely to the more exact science of the side of surgery, where he has performed some delicate operations successfully. Dr. Colt has been married tAvice. To him were born eighteen children, twelve of whom are living. Many of Dr. Colt's sermons have been published and attained a wide circulation, and his contributions to the educational journals have been many ; he has built up many churches, and has founded some of our prominent literary schools ; is secretary of the incorporated Presbytery of Lackawana. His work still goes on, and his theological armor is kept burnished. His old-time eloquence and beauty of diction have not failed. He still preaches, on an average of three times a month, to interested congregations, and 736 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in his veneraole age is respected, reverenced and loved by all ; a thought ful shepherd ; a pious, good and unselfish man. REV. THOMAS J. COMERFORD, pastor of St. John's Nepo- mucene Catholic Church of Troy, and St. Michael's Church of Canton, and Assumption B. V. Church of Cascade, Pennsylvania Missions, was born in Pottsville, Pa., June 26, 1857, a son of John and Katherine (Devey) Comerford, and of Irish descent. He was reared in Wilkes- Barre, Pa., and educated at Wyoming Seminary, Kingston, same State, took a classical and philosophic course at St. Vincent's College, Pitts burgh, and began his theological course at St. Mary's Seminary, Cleve land, Ohio, Avhich he finished at Grand Seminary, Montreal, Canada, in 1882. He Avas ordained to the priesthood at Scranton, Pa., Novem ber 16, 1882, and was assistant pastor of St. Peter's Cathedral of that city one year. He was then transferred to Wilkes-Barre, where he Avas assistant pastor of St. Mary's Church four years. In October, 1887, Father Comerford was appointed pastor of St. John's Church, Troy, Pa., and Missions, and during his pastorate has purchased a parochial resi dence, repaired the interior ot' the church in Troy; repaired and built an addition to St. Michael's Church, Canton, and purchased all equip ments necessary for conducting services there. The church and mis sions have had a steady, healthy growth and the spiritual condition of his people is ninety-nine per cent better than ever before. EMERY L. CONANT, farmer, Wilmot township, P. O. Sugar Run, was born at Owego, N. Y., December 11, 1846, and is a son of Alfonzo and Amanda (Barton) Conant, natives of New York, born of New England parentage. He Avas reared until seventeen years of age at Owego, N. Y., when his parents removed to this county and settled in Wilmot township, where he began life for himself at twenty-one, farming, arid in 1878 he purchased his present farm of two hundred and fourteen acres, Avhich includes some of the best farming land in Bradford county, all in an excellent state of cultivation. He was mar ried December 9, 1868, to Miss Maria, daughter of Milton and Lucretia (Bennett) Carson, of Wilmot, and they have eight children, viz.: Clarinda, born April 4, 1870 ; Lorena, born April 29, 1871 ; Mar tin L., born June 8, 1872; Amanda L., born July 10, 1875; Milton A., born November 25, 1878; Pearl A., born August 25, 1885 ; Bertha, borrj^J^rrruary "30, 1887 ; and John H., born August 16, 1889. Mr. 'Tonant is a member of the I. O. O. F. at Sugar JEtun, and in politics he is a Republican. JOSEPH L. CONKLIN, farmer, Wysox township, P. O. Wysox, was born at his present home in Wysox township, April 7, 1842, a son of John and Joanna (Compton) Conklin, who came from Orange county, N. Y., in 1840, and located on the farm now occupied by Joseph L., which was partially cleared ; they had four children : Franc (deceased), married to John R. Post, a farmer in Wysox; Sarah Ann, married to Norman White, a farmer in Wysox ; Allen P., a farmer in Wysox, and Joseph L. Joseph L. Conklin was reared on the farm, educated in the common schools and William P. Horton's select school ; he remained at home with his parents until their death, and then became the OAvner of the homestead, which is one of the finest farms in HISTORY OF BRADFORD COL'NTY. 737 Wysox toAvnship. He was married March 27, 1867, to Charity, daughter of William and Eunice (Billings) Patterson, natives of Orange county, N. Y., they have tAA'o children: Iola E., born May 20,- 1868 (married" J anuary 7, 1891, to Harry C. Shores, a farmer in Wysox) and John W., born December 11, 1S69, who is at home. Mrs. Conk lin is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Bond Hill. Mr. Conklin is a firm believer in the policy of the Democratic party, and is at present assistant assessor in Wvsox. WILLIAM H. CONKLIN, farmer, Wysox township, P. O. Myers burg, was born October 12, 1838, a son of Joseph and Sophia L. (Pierce) Conklin, natives of Orange county, N. Y., and Wysox, respectively. Joseph Conklin came to Bradford county about 1830, and engaged in the tailor's trade ; he located on the Barstow farm, afterward owned by J. W. Poole and noAv by William H. Conklin. He afterward removed to Myersburg, and later purchased at sheriff's sale sixty-five acres of land where William H. Conklin noAv resides, and there followed farming and tailoring until his death, which occurred September 1, 1875. when aged sixty-seven years. He was married to Sophia L. Pierce, August 23, 1S37. The Pierce family are of early New England stock. Mrs. Conklins grandmother, Lydia Shepherd, was a descendant of the Shepherd family that came to this country in the " Mayflower." Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Conklin were blessed Avith two children : William H. and George, the latter of whom Avas born March 17, 1S42, and was married to Nancy Coolbaugh, and is hoav engaged in farming in Wysox township. William H. Conklin was educated in the common school, and afterward attended Williamsport Commercial College. He is now the owner of the homestead and much other valuable farm and mill property in Wysox. He is a Republican in politics, and has held the offices of town commissioner and justice of the peace, being familiarly known as " Squire " Conklin. CYRUS COOK, farmer and stock grower, of Orwell township, P. O. Potterville. was born in Orwell township, this county, February 16. 1818, a son of Joel Cook, who Avas born in Litchfield county. Conn.. December 29. 1791, came to Orwell in IS 10, and after a short sojourn returned to Connecticut, but came back to Orwell in 1811, and settled permanently in this county ; he was the son of Joel Cook. Sr., and Diana (Dunbar) Cook, natives of Connecticut, who had a -family of ten children, of whom he was the youngest ; his father was a linev^-s, descendant of Henry Cook, a native of the county of Kent, England, who had immigrated to Massachusetts and settled at Plymouth, prior to 1640. Joel Cook, Sr., served his country in the Revolutionary War, enlisting in the army under Washington in 1776; but after a time spent in the service he was taken sick and died. Joel Cook, Jr., spent his life in agricultural pursuits, clearing his land and fitting it for the plow: was prominent in all the movements of his day having a ten dency to better the condition of his neighbors ; was the first to organ ize a Sunday-school in Orwell township, and was largely interested in the temperance movement of 1829 : he was a great reader, and famil iarized himself with the best literature of his time, besides spending many of his leisure hours studying his Bible : his life Avas pure from 738 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. his childhood to his death, Avhich occurred May 12, 1886; he was united in marriage, May 22, 1814, with Polly, daughter of Dan, Sr., and Polly (Chubbuck) Russell, and had a family of five sons and one daughter, viz.: Darwin, born April 1, 1815, a graduate of Easton Col lege and Princeton Theological College, and who became a Pres byterian clergyman ; May, born October 18, 1816 ; Cyrus ; Seth, born Sept. 18, 1822, of Orwell; Ealph, who died at the age of twenty; Philip B., born January 17, 1832. Cyrus Cook spent his boyhood on a farm, receiving fair educational advantages at the common schools of his time, and attending select school at LeRaysville, and also Lafayette College. In 1839 he began teaching, Avhich profession he followed several years, and then commenced farming. In 1841 he purchased a farm close to PotterATille, which was covered with a dense forest, and there resided several years in a log house, much of his time engaged in clearing bis farm. After eight years he removed to the place noAv owned by his son, Avery, where he resided until 1866 ; then came to his present place, and devoted over ten years of his life to lumbering and rafting down the river. Mr. Cook owns fifteen acres of as beautiful land as is to be found in his section of the county — well fenced, mostly with stone wall, and he has built over 600 rods of wall in his time; the farm is well stocked Avith cattle, sheep and horses. Mr. Cook was united in marriage, September 16, 1840, with Caroline A., daughter of Oliver and Mary (Keith) Ells worth, the former of whom was one of Orwell's pioneers, and had a family of eight children, of whom Mrs. Cook is the seventh. To Mr. and Mrs. Cook have been born five children, as follows : Avery O, born May 21, 1841, married to Augusta Darling; JoelD., born August 21, 1843, married, for his first wife, to Amanda Upson, and after her death to her sister, Rhoda (he is a farmer and stock groAver in Nebraska); Oliver E., born August 14, 1845, married to Sarah Lent ; Emma A. born July 1, 1849, married to George Stocking, a farmer of Nebraska; and R. P., born April 4, 1856, married to Addle Crawford. Mr. Cook's family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; he is a stanch Republican, and has been called by his friends and neighbors to every local office at their disposal, and was assistant revenue collector during 1879-80. WILLARD COOK, farmer and stock grower, Windham Centre, (p^as born in Windham, Bradford county, July 1, 1849, a son of William and Betsey (Hartshorn) Cook, natives of New York, who came to Bradford county in 1835, and located in Windham township, on the land now the home of the son. This land was cleared and improved by William Cook, chiefly by his own hands, and to farming he added milling, becoming, from a poor boy, one of the most prominent men in Windham township. At the time of his death, in 1886, his farm contained 500 acres of Avell-improved land ; his wife had preceded him to the grave, in 1873, and their family consisted of four children, of whom Willard is the eldest. He grew to his majority in the fam ily home, receiving a fair English education in the public schools, and became a farmer. At his father's death he received his portion of the estate, the land being 195 acres, to which he added, from time to time, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 739 and uoav OAvns 260 acres of fine farm land, all under good cultivation. Mr. Cook was married to Delphene, daughter of Verus N. and Eliza (Hill) Boardman, of Tioga county, Pa., Avho came to this county in 1847, and settled in Windham. Mr. Boardman enlisted in March, 1863, in the One Hundred and Eighty-fourth P. V. I., Company I, and Avas in the battles of Petersburg and Gettysburg, and died in Beverly Hospital, N. J., in 1864. Mr. and Mrs. Willard Cook haye had chil dren : Myrtie M., born Ootober 24, 1S7S ; and Leon W., born Septem ber 27, 1889, died December 9, 1890. Mr. Cook is Democratic in his political affiliations. ZERI COOK, farmer, P. O. Potterville, Avas born in Oinvell, this county, January 8, 1822, a son of Uri and Phoebe Cook, the former of Avhoin Avas bom in Connecticut in 1 7S0, and came to this county in 1S18 ; they had a family of six ohildren, viz.: Sallie (married to Gris- Avold Mathews); Elizabeth (married to John Black); Syrinda (deceased); Fannie (married to Isaiah Potter); Zeri and Laura. Zeri Cook Avas married to Elizabeth, daughter of Samuel NeAvcome, of Noav York, and by that marriage had a family of five children, viz.: Delette (married to Leroy Corbm, of Potterville, Pa.); Annette; Fanny (married to D. W. Carry, and resides in Philadelphia); Reed ; and Carleton, of Ham- monton, N.J. Uri Cook Avas a prominent man in Orwell toAvnship; Avas many years a deacon of the Presbyterian Church, and might be called the father of that church organization in Orwell. The house Avhich Reed Cook now occupies was built nearly seArenty-five years ago, on the farm of 200 acres of land, of which he cleared the greater part ; Zeri and his son, Reed, still oavii 140 acres. Reed ¦Cook, aa'Iio manages the homestead farm, Avas born and reared on it, and received the advantages of a common-school education. When tAventy-four years old he began farming, and with the exception of tAvo summers passed in the AYest, he has spent his life so far on the old farm. He was united in Avedlock June 11, 1S84, Avith Frances, daughter of Irani and Harriet (Pendleton) Manchester, of Warren township, this county, and to them have been born three chil dren: Robert (born May 26, 1885); Leora (born January 23,1887); and Paul (born July 7, 1889). The family are members of* the Congrega tional Church. Zeri Cook was striken with paralysis, which deprived him of the power of speech and of the entire use of one side, but he bears his affliction Avith fortitude and resignation. He and his son are Republicans in politics, and the latter now holds the office of school director. CHESTER J. COO LP, AUG II, ToAA-amla, was born in Wysox township, this county, March 20, 1844, and is a son of Moses aud Sally (Hickok) Coolbaugh. His great-grandfather, Moses Coolbaugh, was a pioneer of Wysox township, Avhere he reared a family of four sons and three daughters: William, Cornelius, David, Samuel, Elsia (Mrs. Ridgeway), Eleanor (Mrs. William Allen), and Sarah (Mrs. Pierce). Of these William, avIio was a farmer of Asylum township, lived and died there on the farm now owned and occupied by his grandson, William Ackley. His children wore Moses, Harry, John, Betsey (Mrs. Amos Holbert), Sally (Mrs. Jonathan Stevens), Polly (Mrs. 740 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Lloyd Ackley), and Ellen (Mrs. Joseph Sill). Of these Moses, a native of Bradford county, Avas for many years a pilot on the North Branch of the Susquehanna river, and in later life carried on farming and lumbering in Grandville township, on what is known as " Coolbaugh Hill;" he died in Lycoming county, while away from home, at the age of seventy-nine years. Moses and Sally (Hickock) Coolbaugh had six children as follows: Ruth, Amanda, Praxy, Emma, Sally and Chester J. Chester J. Coolbaugh, who was reared in Bradford county, received a common-school education ; in 1863 he began clerking in a store at Troy, this county, being employed in different stores up to 1868, when he came to ToAvanda, Avhere he has been employed by Evans & Hildreth in same capacity for twenty years. In April, 1875, he married Melissa D., daughter of Danford and Deborah (Rockwell) Chaffee, of Rome, and has one son, George W. Mr. Coolbaugh is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of the.K. of P. and K. of H.. and in politics he is a Democrat. EUSTIS A. COOLBAUGH, farmer, Wysox township, P. O. Wy sox. was born November 5, 1819, near where the creamery now stands in Wysox, a son of Samuel and Nancy (Ogden) Coolbaugh, the former of Avhom was a native of Wysox, of Holland origin, the latter a native of Wyalusing, of Irish lineage. Samuel Coolbaugh was a farmer, and also did considerable mercantile business ; he owned the farm where E. A. Coolbaugh noAv resides, and operated two sawmills thereon, raft ing his lumber in large quantities down the river; also built and operated a gristmill. ¦ In his family there were ten children, of whom our subject, who is the second, was reared on the farm and educated in the common school and ToAvanda graded school. At the age of. twenty-seven he engaged in business for himself, farming and lumber ing for a short time, and also carried on mercantile business ; he pur chased his present home from his father, and has since given his atten tion chiefly to farming, being one of the best farmers in Bradford county. Mr. Coolbaugh Avas married August 10, 1846, to Harriet, daughter of Amos and Harriet (Hinman) York, and they have had born to them six children, viz.: Frances Elmore, born November 24, 1847, died July 30, 1848; Frances Alice, born March 2, 1849, married Richard E. C. Myer, now in Kansas; Elizabeth Ellen, born October 10, 1850, married Harry Seaman, mailagent at Harrisburg, Pa.; Nancy O, born May 16, 1852, married George Conklin, farmer, Wysox; Henry Y., born May 27, 1854, is employed in the Elmira Bridge Works, Elmira, N. Y.; Jesse Allen, born February 6, 1856, died July 14, 1876. Mrs. Coolbaugh dying April 25, 1856, Mr. Coolbaugh married, June 14, 1857, Sophronia Elmore York, a sister of his first wife, and this happy union has been blessed with one son and three daughters; Albert E., born December 28, 1860, employed as lineman by the ToAvanda Elec tric Company; Harriet W., born October 29, 1862, married Dr. Addi son A. Armstrong, of Fair Haven, N. J.; Wealthy Ann, born May 27, 1865, married to Albert Lent, a farmer of Wysox township, and Agnes S., born November 16, 1866, living with her parents. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church, at Wysox, of Avhich Mr. Cool baugh is elder and trustee ; he is a member of the Masonic Lodge at HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 741 ToAvanda, and is a charter member of Wysox Grange; in politics he is Democratic, and has been school director, town clerk, and justice of the peace ten years. Mr. Coolbaugh's great-grandmother, Wigton, Avas in the fort at Wyoming at the time of the massacre, but, being Avarned by a friendly squaAV, made her escape. JEFFERSON L. COOLBAUGH, farmer, P. O. Liberty Corner, was born May 23, 1834, in Monroe township, this county, and is a son of Absalom and Catherine (Bull) Coolbaugh, natives of this county, and of Dutch and English anoestry, respectively. He is the eldest in a family of five children, and was reared on his father's farm. He was united in the bonds of matrimony January 14, 1869, to Savannah, daughter of Madison and Rebecca (Place) Decker, of Monroe county, Pa., and Avho Avas born December 15, 1842, the seventh in a family of fourteen children, thirteen of whom are living, all but one being in this county. There have been no children born to this union. Mr. Coolbaugh's mother, hale and cheery at the age of eighty-eight years, lives with him. Mr. Coolbaugh is a successful farmer, and has a very fine farm in one of the ATery beautiful locations of the county. He is a Republican, and has held many places of public trust. He is a genial, honorable gentleman, and is noted as one of the prominent and most honored citizens of old Bradford county. He carries on general farm ing, raises some fine horses and other stock, and in his dairying makes a specialty of fine butter. Mrs. Coolbaugh is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. RODNEY II. COOLEY, farmer, P. O. Troy, was born in Spring field township, this county, April 16, 1830, a son of Isaac and Margaret (Kent) Cooley. Isaac Cooley Avas a native of Springfield, Mass., and settled in 1807, in Springfield township, this county, where he cleared and improved the farm noAV owned by our subject, comprising over 200 acres of land. He resided in this township until his death, Avhich occurred in 1868, Avhen aged eighty-four years; he Avas a deacon of the Baptist Church; Avas county auditor, 1829-31; commissioner of Bradford county, 1832-34, and a member of the State Legislature, 1836 37; politically he was a Democrat. His first Avife Avas Betsey Norman, by whom he had four children: Norman, Mary (Mrs. Beley Adams), Jane (Mrs. Caleb S. Burt) and Isaac. For his second wife he married a daughter of Beley Kent, of Springfield township, formerly of Schenectady, N. Y., and by her hehadtAvo children: Rodney H. and Maria (Mrs. James Allen). Rodney H. Cooley was reared and educated in Springfield township, succeeded to the homestead at his father's death, on which he remained until 1879, Avhen he removed to Troy, where he has since resided, but stills owns the homestead. He married, in 1860, Elsie A., daughter of Eben F. Parkhurst, of Springfield township, and has one daughter, Anna P. Mr. Cooley is a well-knoAvn and promi nent citizen of Bradford county; in politics he is a Democrat. G. M. COONS, proprietor of the planing-mill, Canton, is a native of New York, born December 23, 1839, a son of Philip M. and Polly (Fay) Coons, natives of Chenango and Onondaga counties, N. Y., respecti\'ely ; the former was of German and the latter of English descent ; the father was a stone cutter and salt boiler, also followed 42 742 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. farming; he died in Canton in 1873, in his sixty-tbird year; the mother died in 1860, in her forty-fifth year. The great-grandfather Fay was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. G. M. Coons, who is the fourth in a family of five children — tAvo daughters and three sons — was reared in his native place until twelve years of age, Avhen the family moved to Union township, Tioga Co., Pa., where he made his home until the breaking out of the war, Avorking the principle part of the time in the lumber mills in Williamsport. He first enlisted in May, 1861, in the three months' service, and re-enlisted in November, 1861, in Company D, One Hundred and Sixth P. V. I; some of the engagements in which he participated were the siege of Yorktown, Fair Oaks, Savage Station, White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Second Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg and Wilderness ; he was slightly wounded at Antietam, but did not leave the field, and at the battle of the Wilderness, May 6, 1864, he received a flesh Avound in the right arm. He was mustered out at Petersburg, November 1, 1864, and returned to Tioga county, Avhere he farmed one year. In 1869 he moved to Lycoming county, Pa., Avhere he remained one year ; then in December, 1870, he came to Canton ; he had worked one year in the lumber business in Williamsport, and in 1871 he embarked in the business for himself. In 1872 he purchased an interest in a sash and blind factory, the firm name being Lewis & Coons ; they built a large factory on Mill creek, Canton borough, and at the end of three years A. B. Brain bought Mr. Lewis' interest, and the firm was knoAvn as Coons & Brain; they enlarged the plant, but eighteen months after this change the Minnequa Improvement Company's dam burst, and a column of water twenty-two feet high entirely destroyed the factory. Mr. Coons continued the business alone, built his present mill, and is doing a successful business. He was married in Tioga county, Pa., in 1867, to Elizabeth, daughter of Rev. William and Rhoda (Lapham) Braine, natives of England; her father, who was a Wesleyan min ister, moved to Knoxville, Tenn., where he died. Mrs. Coons was born in Sullivan county, Pa., in March, 1848, and is the fifth in order of birth in a family of ten children. To Mr. and Mrs. Coons were born four children, as follows : Jennie L. (deceased), one that died in infancy, Giles C. and HoAvard S. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Coons is a member of the G. A. R, Ingham Post, No. 91, and of the Union Veteran Legion, No. 48. Politically he is a Republican, and serAred one term on the borough council. CORT COOPER, farmer, P. O. Litchfield, was born September 16, 1856, on the farm Avhere his father noAv resides, a son of J. H. and Eliza (Cranse) Cooper, natives of Vermont and New York, respectively. J. H. Cooper, a farmer by occupation, came to Litchfield township in 1840, Avhere he has since remained; his family consisted of the follow ing named children: Alvin (deceased), Amanda, Louise (deceased), Cort and William, latter married to Jessie McKinney and living on tbe homestead. Cort Cooper was reared on the farm and received his early education in the schools of Litchfield and Rome townships. Leaving school when eighteen years of age, he began farming on the property where he now resides. He married, November 8, 1877, Delia HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 743 S., daughter of Henry and Lucretia (Fitler) Case, and to this union have been born three' ohildren : Amanda, Jessie and Bernice. Mr. Cooper is the OAAmer of ninety-five aores of land, fifteen of Avhich are finely improved ; he keeps a dairy for family use, and raises cereal crops ; his farm is well stooked, and on it he has a fine, handsome Pereheron yearling oolt, weighing 1060 pounds. In politics Mr. Cooper is a Republican, and has held the onioes of assessor and school treasurer. JOSEPH F. COOPER, merchant, Warren Centre, was born July 17, 1841, in Warren toAvnship, this county, a son of Robert and Anna (Steenburg) Cooper, natives of England and New York, respectively. The father came to this country in 1818, first settling in Susquehanna county, but removed to Bradford about 1822; he Avas by trade a cabinet-maker, and engaged in farming in connection with his trade. In 1842 he oommenoed merchandising at Warren Centre, and was in time suoceeded by his son, Joseph ; the father died in 1869, and his widow departed this world in 1883 ; they had thirteen children, the second ana third of Avhom died, Charlotte in infancy, and Charles when nine years old ; those Avho grew to maturity AA'ere : Angelina (Mrs. Curtis Bostwick); Charlotte (Mrs. Dr. Alfred Pierounet); James E., of Newark valley, N. Y. ; Emma E. (Mrs. John Jones) ; Betsy (Mrs. Theodore Randell); Charles (died aged twenty-nine, in 1S65); Mary (Mrs. Augustus Olmstead, Avho died, aged twenty-seven, in 1864, leaving a son, Robert, and husband); Robert (awis killed in the battle of Chancellorsville, in 1863 ; he enlisted, in 1861, in the One Hundred and Forty-first N. Y. V. I., and participated in all the battles of his regiment); Joseph F. ; Rebecca T. (Mrs. Roger B. Howell) and Elizabeth B. (who died in 1871, aged twenty-four). Joseph F., Avho it will be seen was next but one to the last of this large family, Avas educated in the oommon .schools and finished in Poughkeepsie (N. Y.) Commercial College in 1863. Soon after leaving school he engaged in merchandising, and was one of the first to commence building up Warren Centre in its present site, in 1882, and to him is mostly due the credit of the business importance of the place. Both his store and residence are among the fine buildings of the county; in his store is a large and varied stock, suitable to a country trade," consisting of dry goods, grooeries, drugs, boots and shoes, etc. Mr. Cooper was married in Warren township, to Emma, daughter of William and Abigail (True) Green, the former of whom, an Englishman, came to America in 1S17, and settled in Philadelphia Avith his parents, when he Avas eight years of age. For eleven years he sailed before the mast, all OA*er the world, before he was thirty years of age, and when he Avas tired of roaming he oame to Susquehanna county, in 1839, and removed to Bradford in 1S55 ; he is a a uiet and respectable farmer, and now makes his home in Warren with his son, E. O. Green; his wife oame to NeAV Hampshire in 1820, locating first in Springville, but removed to Bradford about 1S27 and located in Warren, Avhere she was married in 1S41; they had three children, of Avhom Emma was the eldest. Mr. and Mrs. Cooper have a son, Robert, who is in his father's tore. Mr. Cooper is a Republican; was postmaster nineteen years 744 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and went out only when he was not in accord Avith a new administra tion; Avas town clerk and treasurer, two terms each. An incident of his father's life is, that when he reached New York, on his Avay West, he had but one shilling, but boldly pushed out on foot for his destina tion, and reached Susquehanna county, went to carpentering and built many houses, and among other experiences walked twelve miles to and from Avork (once a Aveek) for one hundred days on the old Owego bridge. While living in Warren he built a church, in LeRays ville, walking eight miles; then built the church in his OAvn township, and no matter where he worked he never spent any time " nooning." His eldest son, who Avas nine years old, Avhen he was working on the LeRaysysville church, helped to haul lumber. These are lessons in thrift and industry that posterity may Avell look at. ALFRED B. "CORBIN, a leading farmer of Warren township, P. O. Warren Centre, is a native of Warren township, this county, having been born May 5,1840, a son of Alonzo D. and Mary Ann (Prince) Corbin, natives of that township. On both sides they were farmers and early pioneers of Bradford county, who endured the severe trials and hard experiences of those advance couriers of civilization, who helped to hew away the deep forests ; the mother died April 28, 1871, and the father was laid by her side September 15, 1889. They had three children, viz.: Alfred B.; Elmira (Mrs. Jonathan Ross) of Susquehanna county, and Mary Jane (Mrs. John M. Dowley), of Binghamton, who has three children: Steven, Ella and Mamie. Alfred B. Corbin received his educa tional training at the neighboring schools.and learned to use the axe, hoe and plow, and to plant and cultivate the usual farm crops of this locality. He became a successful and prominent farmer, and now owns thirty- three acres of land — a choice farming spot well cared for. He has been thrice married; his first wife was Olive, daughter of Joseph Sleeper, and by her there was one child, Freddie, who died in infancy. This Avife dying April 3, 1863, Mr. Corbin married, November 24, 1864, Romanda M., daughter of Abel Prince, and by her had one child, Manson E., whose mother died December 23, 1870, and in 1872 Mr. Corbin Avas married to Dorcas A., daughter of EdAvard T. and Maria (Haner) Cornell, who Avas of English extraction, former a native of Rhode Island, latter of New York State. To this union have been born two children: Harriet (Mrs. Edmund W. Chaffee, Avho has two children, Frank L. and Fred) and Dorcas. In his political preferences Mr. Corbin is a Republican, but he is more of an honest farmer than an active politician, and he loves his country, his family and his friends. G. G. CORBIN, merchant, Potterville, Avas born in Warren town ship, this county, January 6, 1837, and is a son of Ira W. and Betsie (Shurts) Corbin, the former of whom Avas born in Warren township, February 15, 1811, and is now living on a farm near to Potterville; he is a son of Oliver and Lucy (Hill) Corbin, the former born in Connecti cut, removed to Nichols, N. Y., and afterward to Warren township, about 1810. Ira W. Corbin followed teaching over thirty vears; he had several brothers who were teachers and met Avith great success in that profession; he Avas married March 5, 1835, and had seven children HISTORY OK lOUDKOKO COUNTY. 7 1 0 vi?..; George G„ Pumeliu (deceased), Jacob B. (deceased), LeRoy, Kmma A. (married to James Lewis, of Towanda), Amanda (married fo Frederick Wells, of Klniira, N. V .) and Frank (married to George Chamberlain, of Towanda). G. G. Corbin passed his boyhood in Warivn township, and was educated in the common schools and at Camptown Academy. After attaining his majorit v be began teaching, and lollowed it, about, sixteen years. In 1 863 'or Y>4 lie purchased a, farm on which he made his home until .luno, 1877, when lie removed to Potterville, and embarked in merchandising with A. O. Frisbie, but after one and a half years Mr, Frisbie retired, ami Mr. Corbin has con tinued in the business to the present time, conducting a general store. on .Inly, 3, 1861, lie was united in marriage with Ellen F. Newell, and to them have been bom six children, as follows: Mary (bom .lime 23, 1S63, married to Wilbur Gorham, a farmer of Orwell), Newell G. (born November s>, IS6.N), Hewitt G. (born .Inly 28, 187.), Cora St. Leon (bom December 6, I87>\ died in infancy), Georgiana, (horn October 8, 1878), Winnie L. (bom November 4, 1884). Mr. Corbin is a Repub lican, is a school director and for the last twelve years has been justice of the peace. .1, T. CORBIN, physician and surgeon, Athens, is a native of Warivn township, this county, and was born .Inly _h>, 1819; his par ents wore Oliver (I and Lucy B. (Hill) Corbin, 'farmers, natives of Connecticut ; the father came from Connecticut to this county in 1801, and with live brothers wont to work to clear up homes in tlie forest. His mother, with her family came to Owegv in lTdd, and they wore married in Owego and removed to Warivn, Pa. Oliver 0, Corbin died in Athens in March, 1870, in his eighty seventh year; Mi's. Corbin died in 1880, in her ninety fourth year. "Or, Corbin is the sixth in a family of nine children, who grew to maturity, six sons and three daughters. He completed his medical education and lvg;ui to practice bis profession in Athens, in February, 1848. The doctor was married in Athens, in 1850, to Miss Mary A. Tozer, daughter of Julius and Merilvit. Tozer, the former a native of this county, and the latter of Otsego, N. V, Mrs. Corbin was bom in Chemung countv, N. Y.. .lnly'&J, 1826. To Or. and Mrs. Corbin weiv bom the following chil dren : One that died in infancy; Mary (deceased); Annadell (wife of Prof, William H. Benedict, of F.lmira," N. Y.); .hi Has T„ an attorney at. law; John F. (deceased); and Ida W. ALVAH M. CORNELL fanner, P, O. Alius, was born at Swan sea, Mass,, August 22, 182.\stsonof IaW and Fannie (Luther^ Cor nel), naliAvs of Bristol county, Mass., who settled in 1827, in Columbia township, this county, on a farm now occupied hv our subject, which his father l.«,d cleared and improved and resided 'on many years; the last, twelve years of l^vi's life \vw spent in Austinville, \vhero he died »htly U>, 18,4, ag*\l sexviity^e\vvi years. He was a son of Asa and Martha (Mason) Cornell, and bis wife was a daughter of Rev. Childes ami J.ney (Kelton) Luther, all of Bristol county, Mass.; they had seven children vrho grew to matimn as follows: "Frederick P.". l_evel M.. Alvah M„ William 0„ Sally M. (Mrs, John Howland), Lnov U (Mrs. Hosea ft Wolfe) and Mary ,1. Alvah M. Cornel) xvas reaml on the 746 HISTORY 01? BRADFORD COUNTY. old homestead in Columbia township from two years of age, and, with the exception of one year, he was superintendent of the County Poor Farm, has since resided there. On June 7, 1849, he married Betsey, daughter of Nathan and Nancy (Rock av ell) Bullock, of LeRoy town ship, this county, and by her had three children; Fannie (Mrs. TJel C. Porter), Edith (Mrs. Merville Sweet) and Albert M., the latter of Avhom resides on the old homestead farm, married to Emma, daughter of Charles and Hannah (Andrews) Talbot, of Bristol county, Mass., and they have one daughter, Eva M. Mr. Cornell is a prominent citizen and one of the leading and enterprising farmers of Columbia township. He is a member of the Universalist Church, and of the Patrons of Husbandry; in politics he is an Independent. JAMES W. CORRELL, of Dobbins & Correll, general hardware dealers, Troy, was born in Northampton county, Pa., June 27, 1849, a son of Philip and Maria (Dutt) Correll, and of German descent. He was reared in his native county and educated at the State Normal School at Millersville ; he served a three years' apprenticeship at the carriage-maker's trade in Tunkhannock, Pa., and afterward worked as a mechanic six years at Wilkes-Barre, Scranton, Towanda and Troy, locating in Troy in 1875, where he followed his trade three years. In 1878 he removed to Canton township, and in the fall of same year embarked in general merchandising at East Canton, in which he con tinued four years as a member of the firm of Beardsley & Correll. In 1883 he returned to Troy and formed a partnership with Mr. John E. Dobbins, in the hardware business, under the firm name of Dobbins & Correll, in Avhich he still successfully continues. Mr. Correll Avas married October 24, 1877, to Mary L., daughter of Myron II. and Harriet L. (Lamkin) Annable, of LeRoy toAvnship, and has one daughter, Ella G. Mrs. Correll's father served three years as a soldier in the Civil War with credit, and was honorably discharged. A younger brother of Mr. Correll, Rev. Irvin H. Correll, has been a mis sionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Japan seventeen years. Mr. Correll is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics is a Republican. REYEREND CHARLES C. CORSS, a resident of East Smith- field, was born May 22, 1803, at Greenfield, Mass., a son of Asher and Lucy (Grennell) Corss, of English descent, originally of French ; the ancestors are supposed to have come from France to England at the time of the persecutions of the Huguenots; his grandfather, Grennell, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. Mr. Corss was fitted for college at Leicester Academy, also Hopkins Academy, and Avas grad uated from Amherst College and at Princeton Theological Seminary; he Avas preceptor of Deerfield Academy in 1831 to 1832, and a teacher at West Springfield, 1832to 1833 ; was first located asa pastor at Kingston, Pa., December, 1834, and in 1836 came to Athens, Pa. He was twice married, first at Kingston, September, 1836, to Ann, eldest sister of Ex- Governor Hoyt ; they had born to them five children, of Avhom four are living, as follows : Charles, a lawyer at Lock Haven, Pa.; Nancy; Fred erick, physician, at Kingston, Pa., and Ann H., wife of William F. Church. Mrs. Corss died in 1851. He located at East Smithfield in 1847, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 747 and lias now continued in the ministry sixty-seven years, lie married his present wife, Luoelia Phelps, of Fast Sniithlield, June 6, 1866; she Avas born July '27, 1821. Mr. Corss is the author of "A cake not turned," and " Presbytery of Susquehanna," also an abridgement of Halyburton's "Great Concern of Salvation." lie is much respected by all who know him. JOHN H. CORY', physician, Springfield, was born in Springfield township, Bradford Co., Pa., January iV, 1852, a son of Dr. William and Maria (Maftooks) Cory. William Cory was born in Connecticut, and moved to Springfield' township, this county, when twenty -two years of ago ; he studied medicine under Dr. Wilder, at Springfield Centre, and commenced praotioe in 1845, continuing thirty-five yeare; ho had a large and lucrative business and accumulated a fortune. He was a prominent Freemason, and died at the age of sixty-seven years. The mother of .John H. Cory was of a family of old settlers of the county; her grandfather, "Squire " Mattocks, moved to Springfield township when there were only five families here; her father lived to be ninety-one years old. Dr. Cory was educated in the sohools of the toAvnship and at the Elmira Academy ; he studied medicine Avith his father, and attended lectures at the ISoav York Eclectic Medical Col lege, graduating from there in the spring of 1878, and commenced praotioe with his father at Springfield Centre, ay here he has since con- tinned ; he has a, largo and lucrative praotioe, and is much respected by a largo circle of friends. Tho doctor, was married December 5, 1881, to Hattie, daughter of Phillip and Harriet (Chrittenden) Sweet, of Ulster (she was born in .lune, 1855). There have been born to Dr. and Mrs. Cory three children, as folloAVs: William S„ born in August, 1883; Fdwina. D., born April 10, 1885; and Vere A., born May 9, 1887. Or. Cory is a member of the F. it A. M.; is a Democrat in politics, and takes great interest in political matters. ALBERT COY ELL, farmer, in Springfield township, P. O. Big Pond, was born March 5, 1834, in Springfield township, this county, a son of William and Perlina, (Cooper) Oovell, former of whom, a farmer by occupation, was a native of New York State, whence, when a young man, he removed to t his county, and settled in Ridgebury town ship. He reared a family of six children — throe sons and three daugh ters — the subject of this sketch being the fifth. The youngest, son, Piatt, Avas.a soldier in the Civil War." The father died i'n 1874 at the age of seventy-four years, and the mother died at the age of sixty-nine. Mr. CovoH's paternal grandfather was in the War of 1812, and expe rienced all the hardships incident to those stirring times. Albert Oovell was educated in the schools of his township, and reared to farming and lumbering, the former of which he has continued to folloAv, and he has acquired a, fine property, being now the owner of a farm of 235 acres of well-improved land. He Avas married, Oetober 4, 1860, to Lovina Alfred, avIio was bom November 3, 1S40, second youngest in a family of three daughters "bom to Andrew and Hannah (Carr) Alfred, of Tioga county. Pa., farmers and natives of Connecticut. Mr. and Mrs. Oovell liave had born to them six chil dren, as follows: Grant A,, born August 3o, 18d2, Avas graduated from 748 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Cornell University and is now a professor in the State Agricultural College, of Oregon ; Effie D., born August 20, 1864, wife of Fred May; Carrie, born August 8, 1866 ; Jessie, a teacher, born September 30, 1868; Blanche, born July 13, 1870; Florence, born June 10, 1886. Mr. Covell is a Democrat in politics, and takes an active interest in the affairs of his party; is a Freemason, and is much respected by his neighbors and a wide circle of friends. Dairying and stock-raising, chiefly Shorthorn Durhams, comprise the principal business on the farm. GEORGE L. COYERT, P. O. Covert, was born in Ward town ship, Tioga Co., Pa., July 22, 1842, and is a son of Harry and Orthia (Field) Covert. His paternal grandfather, William Covert, formerly of Delaware county, N. Y., was among the pioneers of Armenia town ship, this county, settling on Avhat is now known as the Burnham farm, and resided in the toAvnship until his death. His children Avere Harry, Erastus, Elizabeth, Ann (Mrs. De Witt), Esther (Mrs. William Kinch), Malvina, Diana (Mrs. Simon Congdon). Of these, Harry, the father of subject, has spent most of his life in Armenia township, where he has cleared seAreral farms. His Avife Avas a daughter of Abizer Field, of Armenia, and by her he had four children, as follows: Henry, George L.r Ed win and Frances (Mrs. Arthur Youmans). Our subject enlisted September 12, 1861, in Company C, Seventh Penn sylvania Cavalry, and was taken prisoner at Gallatin, Tenn., August 21, 1862. After four months he was exchanged, and he then joined his company at Nashville, Tenn. On November 28, 1863, he re-enlisted, this time at Huntsville, Ala., as a veteran volunteer. On June 20, 1864, he Avas wounded in battle near Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., being shot through the left lung and left wrist, and September 5, 1865, he was honorably discharged from the service. About two years thereafter he attended the State Normal School at Mansfield, Pa., one year, or four terms, and afterward taught school one term in Tioga county, two in Bradford and one in Clinton, all in this State. On January 18, 1871, he purchased a membership in the Williamsport Commercial College, then under the management of Davis & Mitch ell, and Avas in attendance four months. Subsequently he took up telegraphy, working for the American Union Telegraph Company about one year, and for the Western Union Telegraph Company three years. On January 8, 1884, Mr. Covert married Mary J., daughter of Albert Merriam, of Wellsburg, N. Y. In the fall of 1885 he built the first store in Armenia township, and here he carried on mercan tile business two years. In the meantime he circulated petitions and worked for the establishment of a mail route from Troy to Fall Brook, and succeeded in getting it as far as Covert's, five miles from Troy, the name of which postoffice is "Covert," established in July, 1886; Mr. Covert was appointed postmaster, July 8, 1886; and in Octo ber, 1887, he rented his store to Field Brothers, and May 11, 1891, he resigned the office of postmaster in favor of O. D. Field, who is now acting as postmaster. Mr. Covert has been successful in busi ness as far as he has been able to attend to it, but he has been in poor health ever since he was wounded, and has been unable to perform manual labor. Prior to his enlistment in the army, his occupation HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 749 Avas farming, but he has had to giA^e up all business on account of his impaired health, and he is at present living on the old homestead in Armenia township. Mr. Covert is a member of the G. A. R., and in politics he is a Republican. EDWARD M. COWELL, physician, East Smithfield, was born in East Smithfield township, this county, January 29, 1864, a son of Dr. Selden S. and Sarah A. (McCracken) Cowell, natives of Bradford county, born in Asylum, the former of whom is still in the practice at Scranton, Pa. Our subject's grandmother was a cousin of President John Q. Adams, and grandfather Cowell was a pioneer settler in Wysox. Dr. Edward M. Cowell is an only son ; he has one sister, who is the wife of Wilson F. Yoorhis, of East Smithfield. The subject of this memoir was educated at the Collegiate Institute, ToAvanda, and Hiram College, Ohio, three years ; was graduated at the Chicago Homoeopathic Medical College in the spring of 1885, and commenced practicing in East Smithfield the fall of that year. He was married, September 16, 1885, to Lillian H., daughter of Charles and Lydia (Dunn) Huntington, of Athens, Pa., born January 19, 1866, and there have been born to them three children, only one of Avhom is now liv ing, Margaret E., born July 20, 1890. The CoAyells are a race of physicians ; the Doctor's father had four brothers who were of the same profession, and each of them have two and three children Avho are physicians ; for several generations back there have been members of the family Avho have followed this profession. The Cowells are of Welsh extraction, and the Doctor's mother's family are of Scotch- Irish descent. Dr. Cowell enjoys an extensive and lucrative practice, and a wide circle of friends. He is a Democrat in politics, and takes an interest in the affairs of the toAvnship and county; Mrs. Cowell is a member of the Presbyterian Church. GEORGE H. COX, florist, ToAvanda, was born in Warwickshire, England, and is a son of George H. and Mary (Walker) Cox. He Avas reared and educated in his native place, where he served a three years' apprenticeship at the gardener's and florist's business. In 1870 he came to America, locating in Canada for a time, and, after travel ing considerably to see the country, he settled in 1877 in Sayre, this county, where he was engaged in business up to 1884, when he removed to ToAvanda and established himself in business. He has here since remained, has built up a successful trade, and is the only florist in Towanda, his place of business being on North Main street, where he has three spacious green-houses, two of which are 50 x 20 feet in size, the other being 40 x 20. Mr. Cox was married, in 1870, to Elizabeth, daughter of William and Margaret (McLaughlin) McMurray, of County Armagh, Ireland, and has three children, George H.,Emilie . P. and Charles A. Mr. Cox is a member of the Episcopal Church, and in politics is Independent. REV. DAVID CRAFT is a lineal descendant of Lieut. Griffin Craft, who, with his family, was an immigrant in the first company that came to Boston in July, 1630, and settled in Roxbury, now Boston^ on a piece of land which has been in the possession of his descendants, and in the Craft name until now. David Craft was born 750 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in Carmel, Putnam Co., N. Y., October 3, 1832. He is a graduate of Lafayette College; studied theology at Princeton, N. J.; taught in the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute at Towanda, in 1857 and '58 ; was licensed to preach by the Susquehanna Presbytery, March, 1860, and in the following September began preaching at Wyalusing. In August, 1862, the congregation having granted him leave of absence, he accepted the appointment of chaplain of the One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment, P. V. I., but resigned the following spring on account of continued ill health, and resumed work in Wyalusing, which he continued until January, 1891. In 1866, Mr. Craft published his "Wyalusing," which included a history of his church and of the early settlement of the town. This was received with so much favor that the Bradford County Historical Society prevailed upon him to under take the history of the county, which was begun with great reluctance, and published in 1877. In 1879 he delivered~the historical address at each of the celebrations of the one hundreth anniversary of the "Sul livan expedition against the Western Indians," held at Elmira, Water loo, Geneseo and Aurora, in the State of New York. These were com bined in a continuous narrative, and published by the Seneca County Historical Society in 1880; rewritten and enriched with numerous geo graphical and biographical notes, was published by the State of New York in 1885. This has received the unqualified approbation of eminent military men and historians, such as Gen. W. T. Sherman, Sidney Howard Gay, W. C. Bryant and others. In 1887 he published the history of the One Hundred and Forty- first Regiment, which, by common consent, ranks among the very best of regimental histories. In 1891 he Avrote the early history of the city of Scranton, published by H. W. Crew, of Washington, D. C. Besides these he has been an almost constant contributor to the press of articles of a historical and literary character. In the midst of these active literary labors, Mr. Craft has had charge of a large and laborious field, where he has done most acceptable and successful work as a pastor. He has been also active in promoting educational and moral society, frequently called to speak at teachers' associations, temperance meet ings, etc. In 1889, after passing through the subordinate offices, he was unanimously elected grand master of the I. O. O. F., of Pennsyl vania, Avhere he had the oversight of one thousand subordinate societies numbering about one hundred thousand members. On April, 1891, he accepted a call to the pastorate of the First Presbyterian Church in Lawrenceville, Pa., where he now resides. On June 11, 1861, Mr. Craft married Jane Elizabeth, daughter of the late Dr. G. F. and Abigail Horton, and two children — one son and one daughter, both unmarried — have been born to them. MACKAY CRAIG, merchant, Bentley Creek, was born April 6, 1832, in County Down, Ireland, a son of Joseph (a hotel keeper) and Jane (Walker) Craig, natives of the same county and of Scotch-Irish ancestry. The family immigrated to America when the subject of these lines was an infant, and settled near Burdett Schuyler Co.,N. Y., where the father engaged in teaching school, and after three years they came to Ridgebury township, this county, where they engaged in HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 751 farming ; the family consisted of four sons and one daughter. Mackay Craig Avas reared on the farm and carried on farming for himself until the spring of 1870, when he embarked in mercantile business at Bent ley Creek. In the spring of 1874 he formed a partnership with E. M. Tuton under the firm name of Craig & Tuton, who have had one of the most extensive trades in the township ; they carry a large stock of general merchandise, and are also dealers in agricultural implements. Mr. Craig was married, March 25, 1871, to Jane, daughter of Hosea and Letitia (Wilson) Kennedy, farmers, of Springfield township ; she had two brothers, Orr and Alexander, in the Civil War, both of whom saw much hard service, and were made prisoners. Mr. Craig's brother John was also a soldier in that Avar. To Mr. and Mrs. Craig haAre been born three children, one son and two daughters : Hosea and Letitia (twins), born March 25, 1872 (Hosea is a clerk in his father's store, and Letitia is the wife of Jud S. Thompson, Avho is also a clerk in the same store), and Ethlyn L. born May 30, 1875, died Nov. 4, 1876. Mr. Craig is a Republican in politics, and has held several offices of public trust in his township. SAMUEL W. CRAIG, farmer, P. O. Bentley Creek, was born April 10, 1838, on the farm where he now resides, in Ridgebury township, this county, a son of Joseph and Jane (Walker) Craig, of Scotch-Irish ancestry. The family removed to America in 1832. Our subject is a brother of Mackay Craig, a merchant, of Bentley Creek, and is the youngest in a family of four sons and one daughter ; his father was killed by an accident at the age of forty-one years, and the mother died aged seventy-two years. His brother, John, was a soldier in the Civil War. Mr. Craig was reared a farmer, and has continued to folloAv that occupation, being now the oAvner of a fine farm of 200 acres, including the old homestead, where he carries on dairying and sheep raising. The farm is nicely located on one of the finest elevations in the township. He was united in marriage, October 3, 1867, with Laura, daughter of Hiram and Jane (Furman) Mason, of Columbia, who were among the earliest settlers of the township of South Creek; she was born February 8, 1848. Her grandfather Mason came from Ireland when only fourteen years of age, and settled in Delaware county, N. Y. ; her father is an extensive farmer and dairyman, now aged eighty-three years; her mother died at the age of seventy-six years. To Mr. and Mrs. Craig have been born one son and one daughter : Edwin M., born February 13, 1870, and Jennie, born November 3, 1872. Mr. Craig is a Republican in politics, and has been auditor, school director and judge of elections ; also held several other offices of public trust. He is one of the enterprising and reliable men of the township. CHARLES H. CRANDAL, farmer, P. O. Stevensville, was born in Pike township, this county, May 21, 1837, a son of Dr. Edward and Mary E. (Bosworth) Crandal, latter of whom is a daughter of Salmon and Sarah (Olmstead) Bosworth. Salmon Bosworth and his brother, Josiah, Avere the first of the name to locate in Bradford county, and in 1798 they settled on the farm where Charles H. Crandal now lives, coming from Connecticut. Dr. Edward Crandal was a native of NeAV 752 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. York, born of New England origin. In his family Avere ten children of Avhom, Charles H., the fifth in order of birth, was educated in the common school, Saint Timothy's Hall, Md., and Kenyon College, at Gambier, Ohio. He began for himself at the age of twenty-one on his father's farm, but on August 10, 1862, he enlisted at LeRaysville, and was mustered in at Harrisburg in Company B, One Hundred and Forty -first Regiment P. V. I., took part in the battle of Mobile and in several skirmishes ; was then detailed as a Hospital nurse, acting in that position in the Patent Office and Lincoln's Hospitals, and the Washington and McOlellan Hospital, at Nicetown, near Philadelphia. In October, 1863, he was ordered to join his regiment, and was after ward transferred to the First Mississippi United States Colored Troops as second-lieutenant, where he remained until the close of the war, being mustered out as captain Fifty-first U. S. C. I., June 16, 1866, at Baton Rouge, La ; then went to Alton, HI., where he Avas engaged in the manufacture of a Avashing fluid until December, 1866, when he returned home, and has since carried on farming. In 1871 he purchased his present home of his mother, which contains 100 acres of fertile and Avell cultivated land. Mr. Crandal was married June 29, 1871, to Mrs. Benjamin B. Babcock, daughter of Dr. Hiram and Elizabeth H. (Eastabrook) Knapp, of OrAvell, the former a native of New York, and the latter of Connecticut. In their family there were ten children, of whom Armenia is the sixth, and of them two where physicians. Mr. and Mrs. Crandal have one child, Rowland J., born April 5, 1874. They are members of the Protestant Episcopal Church. In politics he is a Republican, has held the office of justice of the peace six vears ; has also been constable in Pike township. GEORGE A. CRANDALL, farmer, P.O. Troy, was born in Cortland county, N. Y., November 14, 1829, a son of Allen and Sarah (Chase) Crandall, natives of Cortland and Delaware counties, N. Y., respect ively, who settled in Columbia township, this county, in 1835, where his father purchased a tract of three hundred acres, cleared a part of it, but later sold it and removed to Alba, where he died in 1876 ; his widow still survives at the age of eighty-two ; he was a carpenter by trade, Avhich he followed as an occupation most of his life; his child ren were : George, Burdette (deceased), DeWitt O, Ann (Mrs. James Reynolds, deceased), Henry, Minnie (Mrs. Edward Lewis), Wallace, Charles L. and Mary (Mrs. J. W. Gould). Our subject was reared in Bradford county from six years of age, Avhere, with the exception of two years, he has since resided ; in early life he followed the carpen ter's "trade, but his principal occupation has been farming; he has been a resident of Troy township upward of twenty years, and owns 170 acres of land. He married, in 1854, Mary E., daughter of Loomis and Emaline (Howland) Newberry, of Springfield township, this county. Mr. Crandall is a well-known and respected citizen of Troy township ; in politics he is a Republican. GILBERT B. CRANDALL, carpenter, P. O. Sugar Run, was born October 27, 1836, and is a son of Daniel D. and Melissa (Todd) Crandall, the former a native of Connecticut, born of New England parentage, the latter a native of Pennsylvania, of Irish lineage.0 He HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 753 began life for himself at the age of tAventy-four, farming and lumber ing in Wilmot township, continuing in same until August 11, 1862, Avhen he enlisted at Towanda in Company H, Fifty-Seventh Regiment P. V. I. While in the service he was in the following engagements: Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsyl vania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, the Weldon Raid, Deep Bottom, and several minor engagements; he received a slight wound in the foot at Fredericksburg, and was discharged June 10, 1865, when he returned and began farming in Wilmot township, Avhich he continued five years, and then learned the carpenter's trade, at which he has since been engaged in various parts of this State. Mr. Crandall was married Sep tember 7, 1865, to Susan M., daughter of George Quick, of Wilmot. Mrs. Crandall died April 6, 1874, leaving one child, Stella; another daughter, Josephine, had died in 1872. Mr. Crandall was re-married, January 30, 1877, this time to Isabell B., daughter of William and Irene Gamble, of Bradford county, Pa., and they have one child, Cyrene M., born June 14, 1881. Mr. Crandall is a member of the G. A. R. at Wyalusing, and in politics is a Republican. ASHBEL L. CRANMER, retired, Monroeton, was born in Monroe township, this county, January 6, 1809, and is a son of Samuel and Sarah (Hubbell) Cranmer. His father, who Avas a native of New Jersey, a son of Noadiah and Catherine Cranmer, settled in Monroe toAvnship about 1790, cleared and improved a farm which is now owned by subject, and died there in 1845 in his seventy-ninth year. He Avas twice married, first time to Hannah Miller, by whom he had six children who grew to maturity: Josiah, Elizabeth (Mrs. John R. Brown), Jedediah, John, Noadiah and Samuel; his second wife was Sarah Hubbell, by whom he had two children who grew to maturity: Ashbel L. and Enoch H. The subject of these lines Avas reared on the old homestead, where he resided until 1863, since Avhich time he has occupied his present residence in Monroeton. For twenty years, from 1853 to 1873, Mr. Cranmer was engaged in mercantile business in Monroeton. He Avas also for some years extensively engaged in lumbering and contracting; erected the covered bridge known as the Rockwell bridge at Monroeton, in 1851, and the canal acqueduct above Towanda, in 1852. On November 18, 1834, he married Mary II., daughter of Joseph and Mary (Mason) Griggs, of Monroe township, and has had five children: Albert, Bernard, Elma (Mrs. Elias Park), Wayland S. and Julia (Mrs. Hiram Sweet). Mr. Cranmer has always been a Democrat, and served as commissioner of Bradford county, one term; was .a member of the board' that erected the present court-house at Towanda; from 1810 until 1850 was a justice of the peace. CHESTER W. CRANMER, farmer, Smithfield township, P. O. East Smithfield, Avas born, October 22, 1835, in the house where he now lives, a son of Calvin and Almira (Hartman) Cranmer. The father came to Smithfield township Avhen a young man, with his parents from Monroe, this county. His mother came when a child seven years of age, with her uncle, Samuel Morse, Avho was of the third family in the township. Mr. Cranmer's grandfather Avas a Revolu tionary soldier, and a brave and valiant hero. He Avas united in mar- 754 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. riage, August 29, 1855, with Flotilda, daughter of Judson and Nancy (Foster) Gerould. Her grandfather, Geronld, was the fourth settler in the township, who came here in the spring of 1802 ; she was born October 26, 1835, the eldest of eleven. The Geroulds trace their genealogy back to Jacques (or James) Gerould, who was a French Huguenot, of the Province of Languedoc, and who, at the revocation of the "Edict of Nantes," which occurred in 1685, came to this coun try and settled at Medfield, Mass. He was a physician, and died October 25, 1760. There have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Cranmer six children, five of whom are living, as folloAvs: Orvil O, born Sep tember 3, 1856. married to Rosna Soper ; N. Adella, born September 16, 1858, married to Henry Gates, of Milan ; Clarissa E., born June 29, 1868, married to Daniel Truesdale, of Springfield ; Hattie O, born October 29, 1869, and Francis B., born July 2, 1875. Mr. Cranmer has a fine farm of about ninety acres, which he manages successfully; he is a natural artist, and has some very fine specimens of his Avork in Avood and pencil. He Avas for a number of years a designer and carver for a large furniture manufacturing firm at Chicago and Minneapolis. He is a Democrat, and has held several offices of public trust. HUGH CRAWFORD, proprietor of a saw and feed mill, Canton, is a native of Ohio township, Allegheny Co., Pa., born NoA-ember 28, 1840, a son of William and Harriet "(Steward) Crawford, natives of Carlisle and Allegheny county, Pa., respectively. The father, who was a farmer, died in Ohio township in 1876 in his eighty-fourth year ; the mother died in 1874 in her seventy-third year. Hugh Craw ford is one of a family of twelve children — ten sons and two daugh ters — of whom ten are living. He was reared in Allegheny county, receiving his education in the common schools, and afterward worked two years making brick for Moore Bros., at Dixmont, Pa., for the asylum that Avas being built there. On April 28, 1861, he enlisted in Company H, Eighth Pennsylvania Reserve, and re-enlisted September 21, 1861, in Company B, Fourth Pennsylvania Cavalry. He partici pated in the folloAving: The Peninsular campaign, the battles of An tietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House, Petersburg and in a number of minor engagements ; he Avas run over by a Avagon July 11, 1864, and was mustered out in front of Petersburg, October 28, 1864. He.returned home and worked in a sawmill one year, and then, in 1866, went to Tioga county, Pa., whence, after remaining one year, he returned to Allegheny City, and was there one year when he removed with his family to Tioga county, Pa.; he went to Nevada where for a time he worked in timber, and then with his brother ran freight teams from Battle Mountain to Aus tin, 104 miles, and from there to Carson City, 116 miles. They con tinued in the freight business about eighteen months; then returned to Tioga county, and purchased a one-half interest in a water-power saw mill, Avhich they changed to a steam-power mill. At the end of six years he sold and went to Fall Brook, where he operated the Fall Brook Coal Company's mill two years; then moved to Canton, this county, October 7, 1886, and built the mill he now owns. He is exten sively engaged in timber land, and carries on a grocery business as well. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 755 In 1865 Mr. Crawford was married, in Troy, to Lucy, daughter of William and Elizabeth (Kiff) Mcintosh, natives of Delaware county, N. Y.; she is the fifteenth in order of birth of a family of sixteen chil dren, and Avas born in Tioga county, Pa., in August, 1848. To Mr. and Mrs. Crawford were born seven children, viz.: William J., married to Meda Andrus ; Byron H., married to Ada Watts ; Harriet J.; James ; Minnie (deceased); Lena B. and Charles. Mrs. CraAvford is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a member of the G. A. R., Ingham Post, No. 91, and Union Veteran Legion, No. 48. Politically he is a Republican, and he served nine years as school director in Tioga county, Pa., during eight of which he was president of the board. HARRISON CRUM, P. O. Athens, was born in Spencer, Tioga Co., N. Y., January 3, 1820, a son of William and Lucinda (Hubbard) Crum, former of whom was a farmer living near Lake Champlain, and Avas an eye witness to the last naval battle betAveen Great Britain and the United States, and with others was fired at by the British. In their family there were ten children (five of whom are living), of whom Harrison is the sixth in order of birth ; Peter lives at Spencer, N. Y.; James in Windham ; Delila was married to James Underwood, de ceased ; Amanda was married to David Watkins ; William died at the age of seventy-five in Illinois ; Lois died about the year 1835 ; Char lotte died about 1880; Emily died in 1884; McDonough died in 1887 at Candor, N. Y. Harrison Crum was reared in his native place, receiving his schooling in an old log school-house, which he attended in the winters until he was fifteen ; at sixteen he commenced business for himself on a farm, working thereon four years, and for tAventy years thereafter he was employed in carpentering and lumbering. In 1863 he purchased the farm he now occupies, which contains sixty-four acres, and the comfortable surroundings amply attest to the persever ance and industry of Mr. Crum, who, in his declining years, is now enjoying the fruits of his labor. He was married, in 1846, to Elizabeth Snyder, daughter of David and Hannah (Haner) Snyder, of Columbia county, N. Y., and they have four children ; Avista, married to John Rifenburg, of Athens; Lueyette, married to Frank Rogers, also of Athens; Cassandra, married to Horace Rogers, of Nebraska, and G. W., married to Hattie Allen, and, in his father's declining years, is assisting in conducting the farm. The family worship at the Baptist Church, and in politics Mr. Crum is a Republican. GEORGE CUFFMAN, farmer, of South Creek township, P. O. Fassett, was born in Dryden, Tompkins Co., N. Y., December 16, 1819, a son of Asa Cuffman, a native of Germany. Asa Cuffman came to this country about 1813, locating in Dryden, Tompkins Co., N. Y.; where he owned and cultivated a small farm, living there the remainder of his life; he died in 1875, at the age of sixty-two years; his family consisted of six children, all of whom grew to'matur'ity, four are now living. George Cuffman the youngest of the family was reared and educated in Dryden, Tompkins Co., N. Y., he has followed farming as an occupation; starting at the age of nineteen for himself. When twenty-one years old he married, January 9, 1841, Susan, daughter of John Benjamin; they haA^e had two children born to them, one of 756 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. whom is now living, Thomas T., married to Mary Ameigh, and has five children. In 1862 George Cuffman entered the army as a priA^ate in Company G, One Hundred and Seventy-first P.'V. I.; served nine months, was honorably discharged, and now receives a pension of $12.00 per month ; he resides on a well-cultivated little farm of twenty acres, having completed a new and beautiful residence ; when he first came to this county, in 1869, he settled near Troy, removing later to his present residence. Mr. Cuffman is a member of the G. A. R, Pettingill Post ; politically he is a Republican. RULANDUS GULP, farmer, P. O. Bentley Creek, was born November 27, 1824, in Elmira, N. Y., a son of" Samuel and Polly (Miller) Gulp, former of whom was born of German ancestry, in Tioga county, N. Y., and latter on Long Island, N. Y. Samuel Culp was a farmer and lumberman. He reared a family of six children (of whom the subject of this sketch is the second), and died in 1884, at the age of eighty-three years, the mother having passed away in 1878 when aged eighty-one. Mr. Gulp's great-grandfather, Col. John Hendy, Avas a colonel in the Revolutionary War in Gen. Sullivan's army, and Avas through Pennsylvania and New York States ; he was one of the first settlers of Chemung county, N. Y., having located in 1781, at the place where Elmira now stands. Rulandus Culp was on the Erie and Che mung Canal from the time Tie Avas fourteen years of age until about the year 1857, when he settled in Springfield township on the farm where he now resides. He owns 220 acres of as fine prime land as there is in the township, and is one of the most successful and prosperous farmers, dairying being his principal business. On Decem ber 25, 1848, Mr. Culp Avas united in marriage Avith Maru J., daughter of Joseph and Nancy (Gibson) Mayhood, of Springfield. She was born June 2, 1824, in County Down, Ireland, and her parents came to America, about 1840, settling on the farm where Mr. and Mrs. Culp now reside; the father died aged eighty-six, and the mother at the age of seventy-three. Mrs. Culp had one brother, John Mayhood, in the Civil War, serving during the entire struggle. To Mr. and Mrs. Culp have been born six children viz. : Georgia, born July 25, 1850 ; Emma, born September 25, 1854; Joseph R., born July 25, 1857, mar ried to Carrie Aber ; J. Thompson, born August 2, 1860, married to Jen nie Gonzales; Jennie, born November 21, 1864; Grant, born March 4, 1869. Mr. Culp is a strong Prohibitionist. Mrs. Culp is a consistent member of the Baptist Church, as are also her children: Georgia, Jen nie and Joseph R. LAFAYETTE J. CULVER, farmer and stock-grower, of Sheshe quin township. P. O. Sheshequin, is a native of the same, having been born May 23, 1831, a son of Daniel B. and Josephine (Horton) Culver. Timothy Culver, paternal grandfather of our subject, among the first settlers of Bradford county, participated in the Revolutionary War. The maternal grandmother, Avho was a sister of Dr. Jayne, of Philadel phia, was born on the Delaware river. Daniel B. Culver, father of Lafayette J., was born in Sheshequin township in April, 1806, and died in the same toAvnship August 5, 1856, and his wife passed away in the following September, aged forty-nine years, both dying of typhoid HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 757 fever. Their family numbered seven children, of whom the folloAving is a brief record : William died in infancy ; Lafayette J. is the subject proper of this memoir; Hiram enlisted in the service of his country in the Civil War, and gave his life for his country at the battle of the Wilderness; James resides in Buffalo ; O ran is in this county; Emily (the only daughter) is married to L. H.Kilmer, of Sheshequin; Mahlon died when young. Lafayette J. Culver Avas educated in the public schools, and com menced work Avhen very young, having to assist his father, with whom he carried on farming, until the hitter's decease. He then purchased the old homestead, Avnich he cultivated seventeen years, Avhen he sold the farm, moved to North ToAvanda and was connected with the flour ing mill there, one year, although a resident two years; and thence Avent to Wysox, remaining six years. In 1881 he Avas commissioned by the Government Department of Agriculture, LeDuc, to raise the cane for the experiments in sugar-making at Washington, D. C, and remained there one year. Mr. Culver then purchased and moved to the farm he now occupies — the old Gore homestead — one of the first to be reclaimed from the wilderness in the county. The house on it Avas built by Judge Gore nearly seventy-five years ago, and is nailed together with nails forged by blacksmiths. The farm had fallen sadly into decay when Mr. Culver took possession ; but he repaired it, built new barns, put up fresh fences, and it is noAv one of the finest prop erties in the county, located in the lower portion of the valley and abutting mountains, replete with old historical associations, all com bining to make it a most pleasant and desirable home. The farm con sists of 400 acres, seventy-five of which are bottom land, only a small portion of it being unfit for cultivation. Here he grows about five tons of tobacco annually, and raises Oxford-Down sheep and Percheron horses. Mr. Culver was united in marriage January 21, 1857, Avith Mary Patterson, a daughter of Abraham and Caroline (Ashman) Patterson. Her ancestry on her father's side was Scotch-Irish, on her mother's, German, and her paternal ancestor settled at Paterson, N. J., the place taking its name from him. Her maternal grandfather ran away from college in Hamburg, Germany, at the age of eighteen, enlisted with the Hessians on purpose to get to America, to help fight for our inde pendence, and as soon as he arrived here he deserted and joined Wash ington's army, with Avhich he fought until the close of the war. Mrs. Culver's father's family consisted of six children, born in Orange county, N. Y\, viz.: William, of South Waverly; Nancy Ellen, Avho married Lor enzo Doav Post, and died in Sheshequin; Henry C. (deceased); J. S., of the Exchange Hotel, Athens; Eliza, wife of E. J. Newell, of Sheshe quin, and Mary (Mrs. Cuh'er). To Mr. and Mrs. .Cuh'er, have been born, two children, viz.: Josephine, married to P. C. Gore, of Sheshequin, and Carrie Ellen, who was married to Victor E. Piollet, but was left a widow within a few months. Mr. Culver Avas the first man to be drafted into military service in Sheshequin, but Avas rejected on account of physical disability. Politically he is a Republican, and was elected to the Legislature, in 1888, by a vote of 4,000 majority; he has held all the 43 758 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. township offices. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and of the State Encampment, and has passed all the chairs. JOHN M. CURRIER, farmer and stockman, Warren Centre, was born in Warren township, his natal day being June 29, 1839 ; he is a son of John M. and Anna (Underwood) Currier, natives of Vermont and Massachusetts, respectively, and of the rugged Scotch extraction. His father, who Avas a farmer, came to this county in 1815, being one of the earliest settlers in Warren township, and cleared his land and here made his permanent home; he died in 1861; his widow died in 1873 ; they had twelve children of whom John M.is the seventh in the order of birth. Our subject commenced life on his own account as a farmer, and has labored patiently in his chosen vineyard until the pres ent time, being now the owner of 105 broad acres, all in a high stateof cultivation, with ample and elegant farm buildings, and well stocked. Mr. Currier was married in Chenango county, New York, November 1, 1858, to Catherine Sleeper, daughter of Josephus and Maria (Bowen) Sleeper, natives of Vermont and Rhode Island, respectively; they had eight children, of Avhom Catherine was the eldest; she Avas reared in her native place and attended school at Greene village, N. Y. To Mr. and Mrs. Currier have been born children as follows: Anna (Mrs. George A. Bowen), of Herrick toAvnship, Avho has four children ; Geo. E ; Olive S. and Maria R. (twins) (Olive S. married Fred E. Pitcher and has one child ; Maria R. married James N. Clapp, of Tioga county, N. Y., and has one child) ; and Grace L. with her parents. The family Avorship at the Regular Baptist Church, in which Mr. Currier holds the offices of trustee and collector; in politics he is a Republican and has held the offices of assessor and commissioner. When he purchased the elegant farm he now owns there were but twenty-three acres cleared and a little log house was all the improvement — but little, indeed, to indicate its present wealth and elegance. The family is one of the most highly respected in the county. S. O. DAGGETT, proprietor of the "'Stimson House," Athens, is a native of Daggett's Mills, Tioga Co., Pa., and was born September 15, 1846 ; his parents are Louis and Ellen S. (Wells) Daggett, residing in Tioga, the former a native of Tioga county, N. Y., and the latter of Y'ates county, same State ; the father has been engaged in the mer cantile, lumbering and hotel business. Subject's great-grandfathers, Daggett and Wells, were soldiers in the Revolutionary War. S. O. Daggett is the elder of two living children, and his brother, W. L. Daggett, is the proprietor of the "Bush House," Bellefonte, Pa. Our subject completed his education in Mansfield State Normal School, and when about seventeen years of age, engaged in the mercantile business in Tioga, and also in the lumbering trade. In 1870 he engaged in the hotel business Avith his father, in LaAvrenceville, and was there six years; in 1878 in a hotel in Tioga, also with the "Brooklyn House" a short time, and then the "Park Hotel" (a summer resort), over two years; went to Horseheads and ran the"Rayant House" two years, and from there to Wells boro in control of the "Wilcox House" six years ; then to Blossburg, at the head of the " Seymore House " about a year, and thence to Athens, March 2, 1890, and took charge of the ov HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 759 " Stimson House." He was first married, in 1878, in Havana, N. Y., to Miss Ell, daughter of Ebeau and Helen (Miller) Boynton, natives of Schuyler county, N. Y., and this county, respectively. She was the elder of their two children, and was born in Reading, Schuyler Co., N. Y., December 23, 1860, and died October 2, 1885 ; they had two daughters : Georgia and Leah. Mr. Daggett married again, at Watkins, N. Y., in March, 1880, his second wife being Miss Jessie, daughter of S. V. and Mary (Jeroe) Brown. She is a member of the Presbyterian Church. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, Ossice Lodge, No. 317, Tioga Chapter and Teodotin Commandery, and is a Republican. JACOB DANIELS, locomotive engineer, Sayre, is a native of Rhein, Germany, born October 27, 1835, and is a son of Jacob and Maria (Hilbert) Daniels, natives of Germany; the father, who was a farmer, died in his native home in 1838, in his thirty-seventh year; the mother died in 1837, in her thirty-fifth year. Jacob who is the second in the family of three children was reared in his native place until the age of eighteen, when he emigrated to New York City and from there moved to St. Clair, Schuylkill Co., Pa., where he worked in the coal mines about three years, and then found employment on the Little Schuylkill Railroad for a short time, he then went to firing for the Catawissa Railroad, and was on that line about three years when he Avas pro moted to engineer, continuing in that employ until 1871, Avhen he went on the Lehigh Valley Railroad as engineer, and has been in this employ ever since. He was married in Pottsville in 1855 to Miss Maria, daugh ter of Fredrick and Hannah Henninger, natiA^es of Pennsylvania and who was the fifth in a family of thirteen children; she was born in Catawissa Valley, October 10, 1837, and died December 1, 1889; she was a consistent member of the Episcopal Church. To Mr. and Mrs. Daniels Avere born seven children, as follows: Jacob F., a locomotive engineer, married to Ella Stevens; Hattie, Avife of Eugene Finch, of Binghamton, N. Y.; William H., a locomotive engineer, married to Ella Miller; Charles, a locomotive engineer; George B., deceased; Jesse, a fireman, and Robert F., deceased. Mr. Daniels is a member of the Presbyterian Church; of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, Sayre"Division, No. 380, and of the Knights of Honor, A. O. U. M. and Red Men; in politics he is a Democrat. WILLIAM H. DANIELS, locomotiATe engineer, Sayre, is a native of Williamsport, and was born in November, I860, a son of Jacob and Maria (Henninger) Daniels, the former of whom was a native of Ger many and the latter of Pennsylvania. William is the third in order of birth, in a family of seven children ; was reared in Williamsport until eleven years of age, and then came Avith the family to Waverly ; received a public-school education, and in 1876 went'on the Lehigh Valley Railroad as brakeman, and October 26, 1881, was changed to fireman, and was promoted to engineer, October 19, 1886, and has held that position since. He marriecf, in Sayre, August 5, 1886, Miss Ella J., daughter of James and Rebecca (Albright) Miller, natives of Pennsylvania ; her father Avas a locomotive engineer, and is now in the employ of the same road, at the round-house in Elmira ; she is the 760 U1STOKY OF UHAUKOlin COl NTY, oldest in a family of throe children, and was born in Munch Chunk, .January 28, 1865. To Mr. and Mrs. Daniels was born a daughter, Mabel; they are members of the Fpisoopal Church, lie is a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Fnginoors, Sayre Division, No. 380, and No. 1817, and is a Democrat in polities. OHARLFS VIRGIL DARF, M. D.. Troy, was born in Bridyeton, Cumberland Co., N. .1., August 20, 1822, a "son of .John and Rachel (Watson) Dare, and is of Scotch descent. lie was roared in his native State, educated in the common schools of his day, and after serving an apprenticeship at, the drug business and for a time being one of the proprietors ot a drug store in Salem, N..L, he, in 1850, began tho study of medicine with Dr. A. F. Small, of Philadelphia,, and in the spring of 1851 was graduated from the Homeopathic Medical College of Pennsylvania. Sana* year he began the practice of his profession ut Millviilo, N. J., ami in' December, IS5I, he removed fo Chester, Pa., remaining there until 1850, when ho located in Troy, where he has since resided, lie was in active praotioe up to September, 186-1, when ho enlisted in Company H, One Hundred and Kleventh N. V. Y. L and in February, 1865, was promoted to assistant, surgeon of tho regi ment, in which capacity lie served until his discharge in .Mine, 18(15. On his return homo he resumed tho practice of his profession in whieh he still continues. On December 2, 1S-I5, he married Harriot Osborne, daughter or Nathan and Sarah (Rose) Sheppard, of Cedarvillo, N. J., by whom he had six ohildren, four of whom grow to maturity : Laura. V. (Mrs. John L. French), Kate S. (Mrs. F." F. Lunimis), diaries W. and Mary S. Dr. Da.ro is a member of the Presbyterian Church and an ex-honorary member of the Hahnemann Homeopathic Medical Society, of Pennsylvania; in politics ho is a Republican. His only son, Charles W. Da.ro, was born November 0, IS56, at Chester, Pa., and received an academical education, and for lll'feen years has boon engaged us u olorl. in the drug business; was graduated from tho Phila dolphin, College of Pharmacy in ISS2. Politically ho is a. Republican. JABFZ G. DAlUiHFRTY, proprietor of "Duughorty's lintel," Wysox, was born in Belvedere, N, .1., February 2S, IS35, son of Ignu tins and Sa.ra.li (Sidell) Daughorly, natives of Now Jersey ami of I ltd land origin. His faflior, who was a, miller by trade, roared a family of eleven children of whom J. G. is tho third. Our subject aeipiirod n common-school education, and a!, twenty one engaged in the milling business in Susquehanna county, where ho remained one your, and then boated on the North Branch Canal two yours; then again carried on tho milling business live yours in Susipieiiunnu county, ami one your in Monroeton. In 1 865 ho pu'ivhusod the Van Brunt mill at Wysox, whore ho did a general milling business eight, years; thou sold out to lt. S. Barnes, of Rome, and engaged ill fhe hotel business in Dushoro, whore ho remained one year. He then located in his present place of business, whore ho has since remained. Mr. Daughorly was married March (I, 1N5D, to Miss Samanfha, daughter of John' and Martha (Sicldcr) Smith, of Wysox, and fhoy have had horn fo them four chil dren : Lillio R., born December I, 1851), married fo George Sill, a farmer, Orwell; George MeClollan, born August 22, 1863 (was named HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 761 after Gen. George B. McClellan, and died November 6, 1864, the day of McClellan's defeat for the presidency); John W., born January 25, 1868 (is engaged with his father); and Martha E., born May 2, 1870, married to George Ridgeway, of Wysox. Mrs. Daugherty and the children are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Myers burg; Mr. Daugherty is a member of the Masonic Lodge at Dusno.re, and is a stanch Democrat. J. A. DAVIDSON, clerk with the Cayuta Wheel & Foundry Co., Sayre, is a native of Orange county, N. Y., born May 10, 1855, and is a son of George and Elizabeth Davidson, natives of County Down, Ireland, Avho immigrated to New York City about the year 1842; his father is a soap manufacturer; his mother died in 1859, in her thirty- eighth year. This gentleman is the sixth in order of birth of a family of seven living children ; Avas reared in Orange count}/ and received a fair public-school education ; then clerked in a grocery store in Rockland county, N. Y., about six years, then in 1875, went to Rock Island, 111., and Avorked in his uncle's soap factory about two years ; returned to Orange county, and remained there about a year, and then came to Sayre, and has been in the employ of the Cayuta Wheel & Foundry Co. since. He mar ried Miss Leora, daughter of John and Lucy (Wrigley) Bensley, the former a native of this county and the latter of England. His wife is the second in the order of birth in a family of six children, and was born in this county May 6, 1859 ; to them were born three daughters, as folloAVs: Margaret, Grace and Mildred. Mr. Davidson is a Republican. .THADDEUS B. DAVIDSON, farmer, Ridgebury township, P. O. Wilawana, was born in Ridgebury, this county, August 16, 1827, and is a son of Jonathan and Polly (Brown) Davidson, the former a native of Scotland, the latter of New York. In his father's family there were nine children, of whom he is the eighth. He was reared on a farm, edu cated in the common school, and began life for himself, farming, at the age of twenty-two, and has made this the chief occupation of his life. Mr. Davidson was married July 17, 1853, to Miss Elizabeth, daughterof Mills and Sarah (Spencer) Carr, of Ridgebury, and they had one child, Wilmot, born April 7, 1857, and died February 28, 1879. Mr. David son may Avell be counted among the successful farmers of Bradford county. In his political predilections he is a Republican. EVAN W. DAVIES, farmer, Pike township, P. O. Neath, was born February 8, 1811, in Languik, South Wales, a son of William and Eliza beth W. (Rees) Davies. His father, who was a. tailor by trade, came to America in 1831, and started a tailor shop in Carbondale, Pa., Avhere he died in 1833; in his family there were four girls and one boy, Evan W., the second in order of birth, and the only survivor. The subject of this sketch was educated in Wales, where he learned the tailor's trade; he worked at this successively in Carbondale, Pa., Owego, N. Y., and Towanda, Pa., and he has owned, and partially cleared, several farms; he purchased his present home of sixty-nine acres, in 1871. He has been twice married: first time to Sarah, daughter of Samuel and Mary Thomas, and second time to Eleanor, daughter of John and Mary Perry, and she is still living; they have no children. Mr. and Mrs. 762 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Davies are members of the Congregational Church at Neath; he is a Republican in politics. E. W. DAVIES, postmaster, Athens, is a native of the borough, born June 30, 1845, a son of Thomas R. and Ascenoth (Woodburn) Davies, the former a native of Wales, the latter of Cherry Valley, N. Y.; they died in Athens. E. W. Davies, Avho is the youngest in a family of ten children, received a public-school education, and also at tended the academy at Athens. He commenced, in 1863, to learn the jeweler's trade in Caledonia, Ontario, working there about five years, except the time he Was in the Government service; from there went to Bay City, Mich., where he worked at his trade four years ; then Avent to Ithaca, N. Y., and engaged in the jeweler's trade with Mr. Phelps, under the firm name of Phelps &. Davies, and continued there about five years, when he returned to Athens and embarked in the jewelry trade. He Avas appointed postmaster at Athens. March 20, 1890, and took charge of the office April 1. Being too young to enlist in the army, he joined the construction corps, and after the capture of Atlanta Avas discharged on account of sickness. Mr. Davies was mar ried in Athens, in 1871, to Sarah, daughter of Benjamin and Mary (Tuttle) Wanzer (she was the eldest of two children who grew to maturity; she died in 1880 a faithful mother), by Avhich union there were four children, one of whom is now living, Eugene W. Davies, Jr. Mrs. Davies was a member of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Davies was married, the second time, in Ithaca, N. Y., in 1882, to Miss Emma Hughes, the youngest in the family of six children of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Hughes, natives of Wales. Mrs. Davies is a member of the Episcopal Church. He is a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, and also of the Sexennial League, Athens. Politically, he is a Republican. JOHN D. DAVIES. In the year 1832, David Davies, a tailor at Languik, South Wales, bade farewell to his native land and, crossing the Atlantic, made his way into northern Pennsylvania there to make a home for himself and family, and enjoy the advantages of our .free and grand Eepublic. The eldest of his children, John D., who is the sub ject of this sketch, may well be counted among the successful farmers of Pike township. He was born May 31, 1822, and in 1834 he and his mother, Elizabeth (Howell) Davies, and five children followed their father to this country. John D. attended school in the old log house at South Warren, until his seventeenth year, and assisted the family in clearing a farm of 250 acres. At the age of twentv-four years he began life for himself, and engaged in mining at Carbondale, Pa., Avhere he remained twelve years. In 1850 he purchased his present home of seventy-five acres in Pike toAvnship. Mr. Davies was mar ried July 12, 1851, to Ann, daughter of John and Mary (Davis) Ellis, of Carbondale, Pa., and this union has been blessed with the fol lowing children : David Henry, born February 28, 1853, an eminent physician of Nanticoke, Pa.; John Ellis, born August 8, 1855, a la\v- yer, of Duluth, Minn.; Mary E., born May 23, 1857, married to The- ophilus Farnells, a farmer, of Middletown ; Emma, born April 23, 1859, married to Berton Jones, a farmer, of Pike toAvnship, and died Novem- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 763 ber 23, 1889; William (deceased) born October 27, 1863; Margaret A., born April 5, 1865 (was graduated from the Susquehanna Collegi ate Institute in 1888, and has since been teaching in Nanticoke graded school); Rees O., born July 12, 1868, a student in Colgate Academy, and Sarah Jane, born October 18, 1878, a teacher of Warren toAvnship. David Davies died in March, 1883, at the age of eighty-five, and his wife, Elizabeth, died in 1856 aged sixty-one. The family are members of the Congregational Church at Neath. MONTAGUE A. DAVIES, veterinary surgeon, Troy, Avas born in Pottbn, Bedfordshire, England, June 20, 1867, and is a son of Rev. B. T. and Jeannette (Packman) Davies, who came to America in 1871 ; the father, who is a clergyman of the Baptist Church, located in Troy in 1887, and for three years Avas pastor of the Baptist Church of that place. Our subject was reared in New York and Pennsylvania ; was educated in the public schools, and in 1885 began the study of veter inary surgery, and was graduated from the Ontario College of Veter inary Surgery, Toronto, Canada, in 1889. Previous to his graduating he had practiced his profession in Tonawanda and Lockport, N. Y., and has succeeded in building up a business that is daily increasing ; he is a member of the Veterinary Surgeons' Society of Toronto. Politically he is a republican. HON. WILLIAM T. DAVIES, Towanda, was born in Glamor ganshire, Wales, December 20, 1831, and when but two years of age came with his parent's family to this country and located in Warren township, this county, and is both a fair specimen of the products of Bradford county as well as of the possibilities in this country of the average farmer boy in the race of life. His parents were David and Elizabeth Davies, Avho spent the remainder of their lives in this county, and whose family of children were ten, and in the order of birth as follows: John, Mary, Philip, Evan, Ann, William T. (these were born in Wales) and Thomas (died in 1881), Rees, Elizabeth and Catherine, born in Bradford county. Dr. Rees DaA'ies is a prominent physician of Wilkes-Barre; Mrs. Mary Davies (husband and wife the same sur name) lives in Wisconsin, and the others in this county — but a link in the circle gone, in this average of sixty years, of the sons and daughters of David and Elizabeth Davies; a strong and virile race, truly, whose coming and whose lives have added much and detracted nothing from the line of illustrious men and Avomen of the county. The father an humble Welsh yeoman, Avho became a citizen by choice of adoption, and reared his sons and daughters true Americans, imbued with the spirit of liberty and restless ambitions and high purposes of the best in this favored land. In this household of strong and healthy children were impressed the lessons of industry, frugality and probity, that distinguishes our agricultural classes, and have proved the strong foundations upon which have groAvn this broad and marvelous Union and sisterhood of States. Gov. Davies is noAv in his sixtieth year, in the high meridian of his mental and physical life, and the once rustic farm boy of Warren township has just retired from the second highest office in the State councils, Lieutenant-Governor ofthe Commonwealth, and from the plow handle to the helm of State are the rising rounds 764 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of the ladder, commencing in the country school, the valedictorian of the class of '53 at Owego Academy, N. Y.; a student in the law office, first of Judge Elwell and then in that of Judge David Wilmot ; principal of the Towanda schools 1856 to 1860 ; responding to the call of his country as a private, and, by rapid steps, captain of Company B, One Hundred and Forty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers, and in 1863 reluctantly compelled from a long attack of typhoid fever to accept a surgeon's certificate of disability, and return a private citizen ; and again an active lawyer forging his way to the front of the strong Brad ford bar ; called by the suffrage of the people in 1865 to the office of District Attorney; sent a delegate to the National Republican Con vention in 1876, and the same year elected to the State Senate, and re-elected in 1880, in which body he was fitly made chairman of the Judiciary General Committee; strongly supported for the office of State Treasurer in 1881 ; nominated in 1882 for Lieutenant-Governor, and defeated with the entire ticket, and again nominated for the same ¦ office in 1886 and elected. Step by step a busy and varied life, typical of the best features of our best form of civilization. William T. Davies and Mary Watkins were united in the bonds of wedlock. She is the daughter of William and Almira (Hulett) Watkins, of Yermont. who came to this county immediately after their marriage in 1828, and settled in Towanda on the premises now occupied by Gov. Davies as a law office. Of the Watkins family but two survive : Mrs. Davies and her brother, Hersey, of Oregon ; another brother Avas the distinguished Col. G. H. Watkins who fell nobly battling for the Union at the head of his regiment in the charge on Petersburg, June 18, 1864, and her sister was Mrs. H. L. Lamoureux, who died in Towanda in 1885. The sons and daughters of Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Davies, in the order of birth, were as follows: Irene M., Thomas W. (deceased), Guy H., W. T.. Jr., and Mary E. A. M. DAVIS, conductor on the L. V. R. R., is a native of Fulton- ville, Montgomery Co.. N. Y., and was born June 20, 1833. His parents were Benjamin H. and Eve (Yedder) Davis, natives of New York, the former of whom was a farmer, and died in Rockford, 111., in 1873, in his seventy-sixth year ; the latter died in 1871, in her sixt"v- fifth year. The grandfather, Valentine Davis, was a soldier in the War of 1812. A. M. Davis is the third in a family of four children, of whom two are living. He received an academical education in the old his toric academy of Athens ; was reared in Waverly from the age of four years until he reached his legal majority, and began his railroad career by braking on the Erie four years; then went to Rockford, 111. in 1857, and farmed near the city. Responding to the call of his country, he enlisted in August, 1862, in Company C, Seventy-fourth 111. V. I., and some of the engagements he took part in were the bat tle of Stone River and all the battles of the Atlanta campaign, Chica- mauga, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, and siege of Knoxville ; wTas taken prisoner at Jonesboro, but escaped the same night ; Avas in the Army of the Cumberland under Gens. Rosecrans and Thomas; was mustered out at Nashville, Tenn., in June, 1865, and returned to Rock ford, where he was engaged in mercantile trade about three yeare ; HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 765 then engaged in the steamboat business on Rock river, as captain; after Avhich he traveled through Wisconsin, Iowa and Illinois on patent- right business, until July, 1876, when he was employed in braking on the Lehigh Valley Railroad. In May, 1877, he was promoted to con ductor on coal train, and he Avas promoted to fast freight conductor from Waverly to Hornellsville, in 1884, and in May, 1889, was pro moted to extra passenger conductor. He was married in Waverly in August, 1853, to Miss Sarah A., daughter of E. A. and Harriet (Young) Shaw, the former a native of Green Bush (near Albany, N. Y.,) and the latter of Orange county ; the father was a saddler and harness maker, and died in Waverly in March, 1884, in his seventy-seventh year. The mother died April 30, 1874, in her sixty-ninth year. Mrs. Davis is the eldest in a family of five children, and Avas born in Orange county, N. Y., November 23, 1831. To Mr. and Mrs. Davis Avas born a daughter, Josephine Estelle, now the Avife of Frank Bennett. Mrs. Davis is a member of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Davis is a member of the F. & A. M., Star in the East, No. 166, Rockford, 111., and of the G. A. R. Politically he is a Republican. GEORGE E. DAVIS, superintendent Union Bridge Company Athens township, P. 0. Athens, is a natiAre of Philadelphia, born June 30, 1843. His parents are William E. and Ann (Marsden) Davis, the former a native of Wales and the iatter of England. They came to this country in early life, and the father was a wool-carder. George E. Davis, who is the eldest in a family of six children, served an apprenticeship at the house carpenter's trade in Easton, Pa. On Janu ary 7, 1863, he enlisted in Battery B, First P. L. A. and served until the close of the Avar; he was mustered out at Harrisburg in June, 1865, returned home and engaged in bridge building; he erected the first building for the Bridge Company at Athens, Avas the first regular superintendent the company employed, and-has held that position up to the present time. Mr. Davis was married at Bloomsburg, Pa., in ¦1865, to Miss Martha M., daughter of Brigham and Susan (Geiger) Bowdoin, the former a native of Massachusetts, the latter of Pennsyl vania, who reside in Danville, this State. She is the second in a family of four children, and Avas born in Danville, Sept. 8, 1845. To Mr. and Mrs. Davis were born five children, viz.: Anna, Laura, Will iam E., Charlotte M. and Mabel. The family are members of the Episcopal Church ; Mr. Davis is a member of the F. & A. M. Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, of Chapter No. 116, and Commandery No. 16 at Towanda ; he is a Republican, and served two years as burgess of Athens. SAMUEL J. DAVIS, farmer, and cooper, of Pike township P. O. Neath,was born in MiddletoAvn, Susquehanna Co.,Pa., July 29, 1842, and is the eldest in the family of eight children of John S. and Catherine (Evans) Davis, natives of Wales. He attended district school,and assisted his father in clearing up the farm till the age of twenty-three, when he served a cooper's apprenticeship Avith David Campbell, of Owego, N. Y.; then started a shop of his own at Neath, which he has operated since in connection Avith his farm ; he also operated a saAvmill several years, a portion of which is still standing near his residence. Mr. 766 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. / Davis was one of those who promptly answered the Governor's call for militia troops when the State was in danger at Gettysburg. He was married March 20, 1869, to Mary Jane, daughter of M. R. and Lucy (Sheldon) Spafford; her grandfather, Samuel Spafford, was one of the first settlers in Middletown township. Mr. and Mrs. Davis have too children : Clara E. and Lucy C. The parents are members of the Congregational Church at Neath, of which Mr. Davis is trustee. In his political views he is a Republican. JOHN H. DEAN, commissioner's clerk, Towanda, was born in South Creek township, this county, January 26, 1853, and is a son of Peter and Mary A. (Bellis) Dean. His paternal grandparents, John and Eliza (Miller) Dean, who were formerly of New Jersey, and pioneers of South Creek toAvnship, cleared a farm and died there; their family consisted of three sons and five daughters, as follows : William, Caroline (Mrs. Lewis Mosher), Emily (Mrs, Martin Berry), Mary (Mrs. Hugh Findlay), Phebe (Mrs. Mortimer Harkness), Lydia, Peter J. and Elmer W. The maternal grandfather, who was a native of NeAV Jersey, was among the first settlers of South Creek township, this county, where he cleared a farm and died. Peter J. Dean, father of our subject, was reared in Bradford county, a farmer, and improved considerable property in South Creek township ;-j he held several offices during his lifetime — was constable twelve years; enrolling officer during the Civil War, and was sheriff of Bradford county during 1S79, '80, '81. He died in South Creek township, in December, 1886. He had four children, viz. : John H., Edward C., William B. and A. Horton. John H. Dean was reared in South Creek township, receiving a common-school education, and was deputy treasurer of Bradford county, under J. C. Robinson, in 1876, '77 and '78, and deputy sheriff, under his father, in 1879, '80 and '81, and in 1882, '83 and '84"; he was engaged in the lumbering business, at Towanda, from 1883 nntil the fall of 1890; traveling salesman for the Dayton Flouring Mills, of Towanda, and January 1, 1891, was appointed commissioner's clerk. He has been a resident of Towanda since 1876. Mr. Dean Avas married, January 24, 1879, to Annie, daughter of Benjamin and Pamelia (Gardner) Kuykendall. of Towanda, and has two children : Katherine and Annie. He is a Sir Knight Templar, and in politics is a Republican. REV. ALEXANDER D. DECKER, pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Wyalusing, Avas born in Portland, Pa., July 21, 1860, and is a son of George and Caroline Decker. His father was a natiA'e of New Jersey and his mother of Northampton county, Pa. His parents were farmers, and have a family of five children, of whom the subject of this sketch is the fourth. He was educated at Montrose High School and Wyoming Seminary ; his first appointment as pastor was in May, 1885, at Harford Mills, N. Y., where he remained two years, and was admitted into the Wyoming Conference in April, 1886 ; in 1887 he was transferred to Tioga Centre, Avhere he labored faithfully three years, and in 1890 he came to Wyalusing, where he has since been very successful. Mr. Decker was married March 10, 1886, to Ida M. Sumner, daughter of Rev. J. B. Sumner, now presiding elder of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 767 Honesdale District, Wyoming Conference. She is a graduate of the art department of Wyoming Seminary. They have one child, Natalie, born June 23, 1890. As a pastor, Mr. Decker has been blessed with abundant success, and has the confidence and esteem of all. EDWIN W. DECKER, farmer, at Durell Centre, was born Decem ber 11, 1833, in Standing Stone township, this county, on the Rummer field creek, a son of Philip J. Keyzer, who came from Switzerland with his parents to Philadelphia, and first settled in this county in 1828. The subject of this sketch, his mother having died when he was two years old, was adopted into the family of Simeon Decker, at the time, and ever since assumed his name. He was educated in the district chools, went one year to college at ToAvanda and one year to Williamsport. He Avas reared on the farm on which he now lives, Avhich is a very fine one under a good state of cultivation. He was married June 30, 1865, to Nancy Brown, Avho was born at Sugar Run, this county, April 27, 1845, daughter of John P. and Uraia Brown, natives of Wyalusing to\ynship, Mrs. Decker's mother is living with thein at the age of eighty-one years, a well-preserved lady Avho has a great fund of historical reminiscences of the early times in Bradford ; her grandfather was one of the pioneers of Wyalusing. Mr. and Mrs. Decker have three children, as follows: Florence U., born January 25, 1869, wife of Edwin J. Benjamin ; Laura A., born April 2, 1871; Evan S., born March 2, 1881. Mr. Decker was in the Fifty-seventh P. V. I., Company G, in the War ofthe Rebellion, and Avas imprisoned in Libby prison many months. He is a life-long Democrat, and a square free trader, and always active to take part on discussing the issues of the times. He has always been held with respect and esteem by all his many friends for integrity, benevolence and his Christian virtues. SAMUEL S. DEKAY, farmer and stock-grower, Ulster, was born in Sussex county N. J., December 19, 1813, son of Charles Dekay, a farmer, a native of New Jersey, and Clara Seely, of New York. He came from New Jersey in 1849, and located in Factory ville, Wyoming Co., Pa., and came to this county in 1869 and located at north Towanda. He has been twice married: the first time to Amanda Wright, a native of New York, December 7, 1848 ; by this marriage there Avere fiAre children, viz.: Alice, (wife of Judd Smith); Charles (deceased); Fill more; Emma and Eva (twins) (Emma married Everett Briggs, Eva is deceased). His Avife died December 7, 1855, and September 10, 1857, he was united in marriage to Lydia, daughter bf Holden and Sarah (Billings) Cap av ell, natives of this State; by this marriage there are six children, viz.: Clara, widow of James Madden, Sie and Uri (twins, deceased); Lura; William; and Jud. Mr. Dekay 's early education was received in the country schools of Sussex county, N. J., and was quite limited. He now owns fifty acres of finely improved farm land, and keeps a small dairy ; he is a member of the Dem ocratic party. WESLEY H. DELANEY, engineer on the L. V. R. R., Sayre, is a native of Tioga county, N. Y., and was born November 14, 1850; a son of John and Sarah (Hartford) Delaney, natives of Orange county, 768 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. N. Y. The father was a farmer in early life, was a soldier in the Civil War, and is now in the employ of the railroad company, with residence at Waverly, N. Y. Wesley H., who is the eldest in a family of five children, \vas reared in Tioga county, N. Y., Avhere he received a com mon-school education. He came to Milltown in 1870, and worked in the L. V. R. R. engine house from the fall of 1872, until he was pro moted to Locomotive Engineer in May, 1880, which position he has since held. He was married in Sayre, November 21, 1877, to Miss Sarah, daughter of John and Mary (Cochrane) Lamont, the former a native of Belfast and the latter of Coleraine, Ireland; they came to NeAV York City in 1848, from there to Connecticut, then to Massachusetts, and removed to Sayre in September, 1873; the father resides in Sayre and Avorks in the foundry; the mother died in November 1885 in her sixty-fifth year. Mrs. Delaney is sixth in a family of nine children; and was born in Lime Rock, Conn., April 3, 1856. To Mr. and Mrs. Delaney were born five children: Louis E., Mary F., Wesley L., John A. (deceased) and George H. Mr. Delaney is a member of the Knights of Honor, Patriotic Sons of America and the Brotherhood of Loco motive Engineers, Division No. 380, and is a Republican. ORRIN L. DELANO, of DeLano & Campbell, grocers, Towanda, Avas born in Westmoreland, Oneida Co , N. Y., in 1825, a son of Saf- ford S. and Clarissa (Cook) DeLano, and is of Huguenot stock. His ancestors came to America in 1680 and settled in Massachusetts. He was reared in his native State, educated in the high school of Rome, N. Y., and at the age of twenty removed to Brooklyn where he was engaged in the dry-goods business with his father until 1858 ; he then spent two years in the dry-goods business in Oneida county, N. Y., and in 1860 located in Bath, N. Y., where he was engaged in the dry- goods business ten years. In 1870 he came to Towanda, where he took charge of the grocery department in the store of Joseph Powell, in Avhich capacity he served eighteen years. In 1889 he formed a partnership with J. W. Campbell in the grocery trade, under the name of DeLano & Campbell, in which they have since continued. Mr. De Lano was married, in 1849, to Ann, daughter of John and Margaret (Robertson) Downie, of Leslie, Scotland, by Avhom he has five children, viz.: Margaret, Safford S., Florence, Alice and Julia. Mr. DeLano is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics is a Democrat. R. B. DENMARK, proprietor of saw and planing mill, Grover, is a native of Chemung county, N. Y., and was born March 10, 1851, a son of J. J. and Cornelia (Smith) Denmark, natives of Chemung county and of near West Point, N. Y., respectively. J. J. Denmark was a carpenter and joiner by trade, and died in Canton township in 1882, in his sixty-third year ; Mrs. Denmark still survives him and resides in Canton. The grandfather, Christopher Denmark, settled in Che mung county, N. Y., and died in Union township, Tioga Co., Pa. The paternal grandfather, Nathan Smith, was a native of NeAV York, and died in Tompkins county; he was a soldier in the War of 1812. R. B. Denmark, who is the sixth in order of birth in a family of seven children, was reared in Chemung county until three years of age, Avhen the family removed to Union township, Tioga Co., Pa., where HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 769 they resided seven years ; then AArent to Fallbrook, and from there to Grover, Avhere they resided about four years, and then came to Canton. Our subject was in N. S. Denmark's furniture factory nine years, and in S. J. Hickoox's planing-mill, also nine years. He then removed to Grover, and built a sawmill, but, selling his interest, he Avent to Ken tucky and Avas foreman for the Hixson &Roddourn Lumber Company one year; then moved to NeAvfield, N. Y., and was in the lumber busi ness there six months. Returning to Grover, he has since resided here. Mr. Denmark was married in Monroeton, in 1871, to Anna, daughter of James and Maria (Williams) Jones, natives of Pennsyl- Arania ; she is the seA^enth in order of birth in a family of eight chil dren, and Avas born in Canton toAvnship, March 27, 1850. To Mr. and Mrs. Denmark were born four » children : Myrtie, Ralph (deceased), Carrie May and Jennie. Mr. Denmark is a member of the I. O. O. F., Canton Lodge, No. 321, and also of the Encampment, No. 1S5, Can ton. Politically he is a Republican. D. D. DEPUE, proprietor of the Seeley House, Towanda, was born in Vestal, Broome Co., N. Y., in 1854, a son of James and Eliz abeth (Rose) Depue, and of French descent. He was reared and edu cated in his native county, and began his business career in the hotel business. He conducted the " Cottage House" at Great Bend, Susque hanna Co., Pa., three years, and in 1881 erected the " Keystone (noAv Sawyer) House" at that place, which he successfully conducted until 1S86. In September, 1889, he purchased the "' Seeley House" at Towanda, a neat and commodious hotel, Avith accommodations for 100 guests, and has built up a successful business, which is daily increas ing. In 1S78 Mr. Depue married Miss Carrie B., daughter of John G. Throp, of Candor, N. Y., and has one son, Harry. CHARLES D. DERRAH, editor of the Canton Sentinel, born at Rockport, Carbon Co., Pa., September 4, 1858, a son of Joshua and Lavina (Krum) Derrah, natives of NorristoAvn and Carbon county, Pa., respectively, of Scotch-Irish and German descent. Joshua Derrah was engaged in the meat business most of his life, at Maunch Chunk, Rock- port, Troy and Canton. He died at Canton in 1889, in his seventy -ninth year. Mrs. Derrah still resides in Canton. They had a family of four children, of whom three are now living. Charles D. Derrah^ who is the youngest in the family, was reared in Rockport until six years of age ; removed to Troy and was there about three and one-half years, Avhen he came to Canton. He received his education in the public school and Troy Academy, and at the age of thirteen began an appren ticeship at the printer's trade, and helped on the first issue of the Can ton Sentinel. At the age of sixteen he finished his trade, serving for three and one-half years in the Troy Gazette office. In April, 1878, he went to Detroit, and worked on the Detroit Free Press as compos itor for eighteen months, and Avas then appointed traveling agent for the same paper ; was then giATena position in the job room, and had charge of the shipping stock and shoAV printing, Avhere he remained until January 1, 1883; then returned to Canton and purchased the Canton Sentinel. Mr. Derrah was married July 6, 1SS6, to Fannie P., daughterof Hon. B. S. Dartt, of Canton, a hardware merchant; her 770 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. mother was Achsah E. (Manley) Dartt, and resides in Canton (they had a family of five children, of Avhom Mrs. Derrah is the fourth,, and three are now living; she was born in Troy, August 24, 1863). They are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he is a trustee. He is a member of the F. & A. M., Canton Lodge, No. 415, and of the I. O. 0. F., No. 321 ; is secretary of the Union Agricultural Association, and has held that position for five years. Politically he is a Republican. ANDREW DESMOND, of Rome township, farmer and stock grower, P. O. Myersburg, was born in County Cork, Ireland, December 25, 1844, and is"a son of Thomas and Mary (Cotter) Desmond, both natives of County Cork, Ireland ; his father was a farmer; he had two children, born in Ireland ; Mary the eldest married Timothy Desmond ; his parents are both living, and make their home with Andrew. His father's family came to this country in 1846, and resided in several differ ent localities before coming to Bradford county to make their home; reaching this county on Friday, the day of President Lincoln's assass ination, and located where they have since resided. Andrew spent his boyhood in Chemung and Lycoming counties, where he attended the public schools until nineteen years old, and then worked on the rail road two years; came to Bradford county, and now owns 100 acres of good land, all under cultivation ; the house is a frame one with all the conveniences, two stories, and was built in 1867 ; the farm is well stocked. He Avas united in marriage in October, 1880, to Hannah, daughter of John and Hannah (Sullivan) Hayes. Her father and mother, who Avere born in Cork, Ireland, were married September 8, 1846, and had a family of fourteen children, viz.: Daniel, born July 6, 1847; William, born July 4, 1848; Michael, born February 24, 1850, died January 13, 1854;' John, born January 11, 1852; Ellen, born. January 18, 1853, married to Thomas Dolan ; Mary, born February 24, 1855 ; Charles, born July 6, 1856 ; Hannah, born March 8, 1858 ; Eliz abeth, born January 28, 1860, died in infancy; Julia, born April 17, 1861, married to Peter Hurly; Dennis, born April 2, 1863; Michael, born June 6, 1865 ; James, born May 6, 1868 ; and Catherine, born February 8, 1873. Mr. and Mrs. Desmond have bad born to them one child, Thomas, born November 6, 1883. The family are all members of the Catholic Church, of Towanda. He is a Democrat, and a mem ber of the Farmers' Alliance. He is among the best farmers of this county, and came to this section when the country was almost a wil derness ; yet, by untiring industry, he has carved from the dense hem lock forests a beautiful home, and with no assistance has secured a fair amount of this world's goods; he is looked upon as a model farmer and enjoys the love and respect of all who know him. HARRISON DETRICK (deceased), who, in his lifetime, Avas among the most successful and prosperous of Bradford county's farmers, was born on a farm in Monroe county, Pa.. June 14, 1834* a son of John E. and Mary M. (Morrey) Detrick, also natives of Monroe county. He was reared on the farm, educated in the common school, and, as soon as he reached his majority, came with his sister to this county, Avhere he managed his father's extensive landed interests. He located on the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 771 farm noAv occupied by his family, and there passed the rest of his days. After his father's death he purchased the farm and improved it until he had a beautiful home, containing one 160 acres of exceedingly fine farm land. Mr. Detrick was married April 24, 1861, to May Anne, only daughter of Philip and Jane (Lamb) Sullivan, former of Avhom Avas born in Ireland, latter in Wyalusing. To Mr. and Mrs. Detrick were born two children: Earnest H., born May 9, 1877, and Jennie M., born March 31, 1881. Mr Detrick died in " 18 83 from injuries received through being thrown from a wagon. He was a careful, neat and successful farmer, and a very hard Avorker. .Since his death, his widow has had full charge of the farm, and its neat and tidy appearance, which compares most favorably with that of her neighbors, shows abundantly that she has the skill to manage success fully. Mrs. Detrick is a member of, and liberal contributor to, the Methodist Episcopal Church of Spring Hill. CHARLES J. DETTRA, carpenter and farmer, P. O. Ulster, was born in Montgomery county, Pa., February 12, 1850, and is a son of Christian and Martha (Davis) Dettra, natives of Montgomery county, Pa., his father of German and his mother of Welsh descent ; his grand father was a miller and one of the pioneers of Montgomery county. His parents came to Bradford county in the year 1870, locating in Ulster, where his father yet lives at the age of eighty-seven, being the oldest inhabitant of the toAvnship ; his mother died in Montgomery county in 1887, aged seventy -four ; they were farmers. Charles attended the common schools of Montgomery county until sixteen years old, and received a good common-school education, and worked on his father's farm until nineteen years old; then secured a position on the Lehigh Valley Railroad as carpenter, building bridges, depots, etc, and has continued in the employ of the railroad twenty-two years. He OAvns thirty-eight acres of finely improved land, which he cultivates himself, groAving tobacco and other crops ; he also keeps a small dairy. Mr. Dettra has been remarkably successful in business, and has secured an independence entirely through his own exertions. He Avas married December 14, 1875, to Agnes, daughter of William and Jessie (Gallespie) Irving ; they have no children. His father's family consisted of twelve children, eleven of whom survive, four of whom live in this county, viz.: Louis, Joseph, Catherine (wife of H. J. Shaw) and himself, he being the tenth in order of birth ; is a member of the Rural Amity Lodge of Athens, F. & A. M., and Union Chapter, No. 161, R. A. M., and of Northern Commandery, No. 11. K. T., of Towanda Lodge of Perfection, No. 140; also a member of the Iron Hall, Sex ennial League, order of the Royal Ark, and of the Peoples Benefit Association. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church, of which Mr. Dettra is an elder and holds the office of trustee ; his polit ical vieAvs are Republican. A. J. DEWEY, farmer, of South Creek township, P. O. Wells burg, N. Y., was born in South Creek, May 20, 1835, a son of James and Mahetable (Van Camp) Dewey, natives of Vermont and Canada, respectively. His father was the son of James DeAvey, who removed from Vermont, near the Green Mountains, in the early history of this 772 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. county, locating on Bentley's creek, where he built one of the first mills in that section of the county, being one of the pioneers. James,- Jr., his son, settled on a new farm of 200 acres of Avood land, on what is now called Doty hill, he being one of the first settlers on that hill. His family consisted of six children who greAV to maturity, three of whom are now living, as follows: Levi and Andrew J., and Eliza A. Callen. James, Jr., died August 14, 1872, at the age of seventy years. A. J. Dewey, the subject of this sketch, is the fifth in order of birth. At the age of twenty-three he married Sarah E., daughter of Charles and Lydia Loveland, on December 26, 1858, at Nichols, N. Y. There Avere born to them four children, all of Avhom grew to maturity and are now living, viz.: Eliza A., married to Dwight S. Parsons, deputy postmaster at Ansonia, Conn.; Floyd H., Cora I. and Mary Elizabeth. Mr. Dewey has 100 acres of rich fertile land, which he bought of George Suffern, then known as the " Hillman place." He foIloAvs a mixed line of farming, and is an extensive butter maker ; his stock is fine and graded ; he is a natural mechanic, doing all of his OAvn building. The family are members of the Baptist Church ; in politics he is a Republican. DEWEY BROTHERS, merchants, Gillett, were born in South Creek township, Bradford Co., Pa., C. P., in December, 1862, and E. O., in March, 1865. They were reared and educated in Ridgebury toAvnship, this county, C. P. taking a course at Warner's Commercial College, in Elmira, N. Y. They are the sons of Walter and Parentha (Sutliff) Dewey, both of Avhom were born in New York and removed to this county about 1850, locating on Avhat is noAv known as " East Hill," but subsequently removed to Ridgebury, where the father now resides, a prosperous farmer in easy circumstances ; his family consists of eight children by two marriages, seven of Avhom greAV to maturity, and six are now living. C. P. and E. O., Avho are the seventh and eighth respectively in the family, began mercantile business in Gillett on March 4, 1889, Avith a full line of goods adapted to country trade, and by their gentlemanly bearing to all they have won the esteem of their neighbors, and by close attention to business they have Avon the con fidence and trade of many. Their stock consists of a general supply of the best quality, and they handle a variety of agricultural imple ments, such as mowers, reapers, etc., also harness, and are extensive dealers in butter. C. P-. Dewey has held the office of postmaster nearly tAvo years. The brothers are both married, C. P. having wed ded May 20", 1885, May, daughter of A. E. and Marion Striton, and there were two children born to them, Blanche a'nd Agnes. E. O. married, in January, 1890, Rose, daughter of Reuben and Clara Gris wold. The brothers are members of the International Fraternal Alli ance of Baltimore, Md., and politically are Republicans. GEORGE F. DEWING, farmer and stock grower of Warren township, P. O. Warrenham, was born in Warren township, April 29, 1846, and traces his ancestry back some generations, as follows: An drew Dewing came from England and became a freeman of Dedham, Mass., in 1646, and is so registered in Farmers' Geographical Register, Barker's Historical Collections, page 456; his son Andrew Dewing HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 773 was born November 26, 1655, according to the Dedham records ; his son Edmund Dewing Avas born September 9, 1694, according to the same record; he married Ruth Dunklee, March 26, 1723, as noted in the records of Needham, and they had seven sons and daughters. The youngest was Hezekiah DeAving, who was born September 9, 1740, as is shown by the records of Needham ; his son Michael DeAving was born in Wood stock. Conn., in May, 1765 ; he married Ruth Coburn, and they had six children, of Avhom Andrew Dewing Avas second, born July 19, 1792, in Salisbury, Conn., and was the father of George F. DeAving, our subject. AndreAV married twice, first Elizabeth Fahnestock, in 1820. She died in 1821, and in 1845 he married Nancy Dobson, who bore him four children, viz.: George F., Elizabeth F. (Mrs. Dr. J. M. NeAvman, whose husband died in 1880, leaving her Avith tAvo daugh ters), Anna C. (Mrs. I. M. Young), Avho has three sons, and Andrew, Avho married Esther R. Coburn, and has four sons and a daughter. Andrew came to this county Avith his maternal grandfather in 1802, and died August 26, 1883, aged ninety-one years; his widow died July 24, 1887, aged sixty-nine. George F. Dewing spent his early life in Warren township, and farmed and taught school for a number of years and now owns a farm of 180 acres, that is well cultiATated, and has elegant and commodious farm buildings on it and a residence Avhich has just been completed. He Avas married in Wysox, March 22, 1876, to Abigail, daughter of Albert and Susan (Bull) Lent, natives of Pennsylvania and New York, respectively, and of Dutch and English extraction. To them Avere born ten children, of whom Abigail, a native of Wysox, was the eighth. To Mr. and Mrs George F. Dewing were born five children, Avho are the eighth generation of Americans of that name and family. They are as x folloAvs : Nancy, Francis T., Geo. Albert, Anna and Elizabeth. The family worship at the Presbyterian Church ; Mr. Dewing votes the Republi can ticket. WILLIAM F. DeWITT, senior member of the firm of DeWitt & Ballard, dealers in general merchandise, Troy, was born in Monroe county, Pa., August 24, 1848, and is a son of Caleb H. and Mary (Albert) DeWitt. His paternal grandfather, Col. Joseph DeWitt, a nati\Te of New Jersey, was a pioneer of Wells township, this county, Avhere he engaged in farming and merchandising and reared his family ; he Avas a colonel in the militia in Bradford county. The father of our subject, a native of New Jersey, was reared in Bradford county, but spent most of his life in Tioga county, where he engaged in farming and died ; his wife was a daughter of Peter T. Albert, of Monroe county, Pa., by whom he had four sons : Joseph H., William F., John W. and Calvin H. Our subject Avas reared in Tioga county until twenty-one years of age, and was educated at the "State Normal School at Mansfield; on March 8, 1869, he came to Troy and for thir teen years was a clerk in the general store of Leonard & Redington. In 1881 he embarked in business with L. J. Ballard, under the name of Dewitt & Ballard in which he has since continued. He married twice, his first wife was Jennie, daughter of John and Mary (Dimm) Rooker, of Muncy, Pa., by whom he had one daughter, Helena ; his 774 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. second wife Avas Blanche, daughter of Gen. George and Elizabeth (Miter) Armstrong, of Milton, Pa., by whom he has one son, William A. Mr. DeWitt is a member ofthe Methodist Episcopal Church ; in politics he is a Democrat, and is one of the present school directors of Troy borough ; socially he is a Royal Arch Mason. JOEL DIBBLE, farmer, of Burlington township, P. O. Mountain Lake, settled here in 1847, in the wilderness, and cleared a large farm, having come from Dutchess county, N. Y., where he was born July 18, 1824, a son of Sanford and Phebe (Denton) Dibble, natives of Dutch ess county, and of English origin. Mr. Dibble has been obliged, since seven years of age, to depend upon his own resources for a livelihood, and necessity has taught him the strictest economy, but by great per severance he has been enabled to accumulate a fine property, being now the oAvner of a farm of over ninety acres, under a good state of cultivation. He has been twice wedded : on March 6, 1845, he was married to Hannah Mead, by Avhom he had three children : VanWike, Washington F. and Charles. This wife died February 14, 1856, and December 16, 1857, he married Elizabeth Wright, of Burlington, who Avas born March 19, 1838, in Dutchess county, N. Y., a daughter of Horace and Lydia Ann (Mead) Wright, of English extraction, and natives of the above-named county. Horace Wright was a soldier of the War of 1812, and Mrs. Dibble's brother, Thomas, was a soldier in the War of the Rebellion, losing his life through long exposure. Mr. Dibble has had, by his second wife, five children, as follows: Ella A., born September 29, 1858, died March 18, 1870; Edgar, born March 7, 1860; Clara, born October 2, 1864, died August 13, 1882; Oscar, born January 24, 1874, died February 2, 1877; and Cora, born November 27, 1877. Mr. Dibble has been a successful farmer, and was many years an extensive shingle manufacturer. He is a Republican, and takes an interest in the affairs of the party. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. LEVI S. DICKINSON, farmer, P. O. Wetona, was born October 28, 1823, in Haddam, Middlesex Co., Conn., a son of Daniel C. and Christiana (Clark) Dickinson, natives of the same place, born of Eng lish and French descent, and Avho removed to Bradford county on May 1, 1840, settling in Springfield, near where Mr. Dickinson now resides. Daniel C. Dickinson was a farmer, and was in the stone quarry business a great many years; he and his wife were members of the Congregational Church. The Dickinsons have a genealogical family history in which the ancestry is traced back to one, Nathaniel Dickinson, Avho settled near Boston in 1630, and among the relatives are found the names of many men of prominence ; the father died in December, 1882, aged ninety-three years, and the mother in 1852, at the age of fifty-seven years. The subject of this memoir was reared on the farm, educated in the public shools, and has been a farmer and a lumberman ; is now the owner of 208 acres, in two farms, of as fine land as is to be found in Springfield township. He was married November 23, 1848, to Lucy Tracy, who was born January 14, 1830, daughter of James O. and Anna (Watkins) Tracy, of Smithfield, and who were natives of East Haddam, Conn., the Tracy family trace HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 775 their lineage back to the "Mayflower," to the time of Mary Chilton, who was the first person on Plymouth Rock. Mrs. Dickinson's father died in February, 1870, aged seventy-nine years, and her mother in June 1872, aged seventy-four years. Mr. and Mrs. Dickinson have had born to them two children: Charles O, born March 11, 1859 (he married twice, first time to Nellie Grace, and on second occasion to Carrie L. Storch ; he is a farmer on the homestead) and Jay T., born July 28, 1864 (married T. Belle Brooks ; he is a physician at Pine City, N. Y.). Mr. Dickinson is a Republican, but an independent voter ; is well informed upon all matters of the day, and is strong in the temperance cause. The family are consistent members of the Congre gational Church. W. S. DIEFFENBAUCH, Overton township, P. O. Overton, one of the prominent citizens of Overton township, a farmer and mechanic, has spent the years of his life in the locality where he Avas born, July 10, 1840, a son of Charles and Martha ( Mullen) Dieffenbauch, Pennsyl- vanians, of German and English descent, respectively ; the father was also a farmer and mechanic, and came to Overton with his family about the year 1836, where he died in 1876, his venerable widow surviving. Their children were seven in number, of whom the subject of this sketch is the second in order of birth. He spent his childhood and youth on the old homestead, early learning the Avorking duties of a farmer's boy, and about his shop became a skilled mechanic. From his father's estate he received fifty acres which he sold and then pur chased his present place, containing fifty-eight acres. He was married in Sullivan county, in 1866, to Maria, daughter of Thomas and Mary (Bird) Norton, natives of England and Pennsylvania, respectiA'ely. Of this union there are children, as folloAvs : Mary, wife of J. E. Trevis ; Martha V, Avife of W. N. Aylesworth ; Libbie L., Avife of Edgar F. Kunes ; Charles T., Avith his parents on the farm; Bertha L. and Kittie B. The family worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Avhich he is a trustee, and has filled the offices of Sunday-school super intendent and treasurer. He has also been school director, and in pol itics he is a Prohibitionist. GEORGE DILLIN,, proprietor of Dillin's Flouring Mills, Troy, was born in Queen's County, Ireland, June 29, 1828, a son of Joseph and Eliza (Breathwate) Diilin, who immigrated to America in 1831, and located at Underhill, Chittenden Co., Vt., living there nine years; then moA'edto Bradford county, Pa., settling in Springfield township, and later, in Columbia township, Avhere the father died in 1845. The mother afterward removed to Illinois and died there ; their children Avere nine in number, viz.: Ann (Mrs. Alsinus Ward), Elizabeth, Hannah (Mrs. John Sheridan), Arthur, George, Sophia (Mrs. C. F. Crandall), Charlotte (Mrs. William Graves), Maria (Mrs. Henry Cole) and Joseph. Our subject Avas reared in Ireland and came to America in 1848, locating in Troy, this county, Avhere, with the exception of two years spent in Smithfield, he has since resided, for forty years ; he has been identified with the gristmill interests of Troy, learned the miller's trade at Long's mills, where for twenty-three years he was employed by H. F. Long, and, beginning in 1874, Avas associated for four years 776 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Avith G. F. Ville, as a partner in Ville's mills. In 1878 the mills came into the possession of H. G. McKean, of Avhom Dillin rented same for two years ; in 1880 he purchased the mill which he operated alone six years, when he admitted his sons, Arthur H. and Joseph R., into part nership, since which time the mill has been conducted under the firm name of George Dillin & Sons ; the original mill on this site was erected in 1847, and known as " Taylor & Dobbins Mill." Mr. Dillin Avas married in June, 1855, to Lucy L. Phelps, of Mainsburg, Tioga Co., Pa., and has had nine children : Arthur II., Joseph R., George A. (deceased), Philander W., Sophia, Rose (deceased), Ida B. (deceased) Eliza and Anna. Mr. Dillin is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church , is a Royal Arch Mason, and politically he is a Republican. CHARLES DIMON, farmer, Pike township, P. O. South Warren, Avas born January 25, 1830, on the farm where he now lives, and is the eldest of the nine children of Gilbert and Hannah (Wilson) Dimon, natives of Connecticut; who came to Pike from New York State, in 1817. Charles was reared on a farm and educated in the common school; began life for himself at nineteen, and embraced farming as his occupation, which he has followed since; has also worked at the car penter's trade. He married, July 4, 1852, Francis, daughter of John and Fannie (Medbrey) Chaffee; her parents came to Bradford county in 1824, and settled in Warren township; they had the following children: Edmund L., born April 4, 1853, died Julv 25, 1877; John G., born October 23, 1854, died July 8, 1881; Fannie E., born December 20, 1856, married to S. Edgar Chubbuck, a farmer in Orwell township; Martha, E., born December 20, 1857, married to Oscar Brown, a farmer in Orwell township; Ida A., born August 7, 1859, married to Richard Andrews, of Lestershire, N. Y.; Lester A., born May 12, 1862, died in infancy; Charles A., born November 2, 1864, died June 27, 1877; Jesse A., born July 21, 1866, died October 25, 1890; Frances A., born May 29, 1870, now living at home. In politics Mr. Dimon is an Independent voter. THOMAS J. DINAN, JR., finisher and decorator of furniture, Towanda, was born in Lancaster county, Pa., April 30, 1859, a son of Thomas J. and Sophia (Fineour) Dinan, and is of Irish and French descent; his father was a native of Philadelphia, a son of Patrick Dinan who was a native of Ireland, and one of the oldest mail contractors of Pennsylvania. Thomas J Dinan, Sr., who is a cabinet-maker bv trade was a soldier in the Civil War, and is a prominent member"of the G. A. R.; he has been a resident of Williamsport, Pa., since 1871; was elected to the Lower House of the State Legislature to represent Lycom ing county in 1884, and is the only Republican ever elected to that office from that county; he is now custodian of the public buildings at Williamsport and has been chief clerk under Superintendent Wayne two years. Thomas J. Dinan, Jr., was educated in the common schools, learning his trade in Williamsport, and has held the position of foreman in four of the largest shops in the country, one in Illinois and three in Pennsylvania, and is now contractor and foreman in the factory of J. O. Frost's Sons, Towanda, which position he has held since coming to that place in 1888. In 1881 Mr. Dinan married Helen C. daughter of J. H. and Elizabeth (Lane) McCullough, of Wilmington,' HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 7i7 N. C, and has two children living: Herbert and Sophia A. Mr. Dinan is a member of the German Ma_nnerchor and Leiderkranz, and in pol itics is a Republican. WILLIAM S. DOBBINS, retired farmer, Troy, was born in Bur lington township, this county, June 27, 1806, and is a son of John and Rebecca (McKean) Dobbins. His paternal grandfather, William Dobbins, who was of Irish parentage, settled in Burlington in 1791, on what is now the County Farm, and lived and died in that town ship ; his children were: Robert, Daniel, John, William, Eleanor (Mrs. Johnson Miller), Jane (Mrs. Ebenezer Kendall), Susan (Mrs. Nathaniel Ballard), Sally (Mrs. Judge Reuben Wilbur), Betsey (Mrs. Nathan Ballard) and Polly (Mrs. Jesse Woodruff) ; his wife was Mary A. McLean. John Dobbins, father of our subject, located in Burlington township in 1791, and removed to Troy township in 1820, settling on what is now known as the Joraleman farm ; later removed to near Dillin's Mills and died there; his Avife was a daughter of James and Jane (Scott) McKean, of Burlington township, by whom he had ten children : Jane (Mrs. Elihu Newberry), Mary A. (Mrs. Johnson Will iams), Samantha (Mrs. Churchill Barnes), William S., Andrew McKean, Elizabeth (Mrs. Joseph Hunt), Julia (Mrs. Samuel McNitt), Daniel, Rebecca (Mrs. Marvin Rockwell) and Sarah (Mrs. Norman Palmer). Mr. Dobbins Avas a prominent citizen of his day, and was a justice of the peace for twenty years. William S., the subject of this sketch, Avas reared in Troy and Burlington townships ; he located in Troy with his parents in 1S20, has followed farming most of his life, settling, in May, 1833, on the farm of 200 acres where he now resides, which he cleared and improved, having cut the first stick on the place. He was twice married, his first wife being Nancy, daughter of Elibius and Nancy Bothwell, of Syracuse, N. Y., by whom he had ten chil dren: Emeline S. (deceased), Andrew J., Nancy R. (Mrs. William Burgers), Marian (Mrs. John H. Grant), Emeline S. (second) (Mrs. A. H. Hepburn), William, James, John E., Samuel McKean and Thomas; his second wife was Sarah, daughter of Adam and Elizabeth (Hoffman) Widle, of Lancaster county, Pa., by Avhom he had three children : Thomas H., Mary and Leonora. Mr. Dobbins is one of the oldest citizens of Bradford county ; he served as constable of Troy three years in succession, was deputy sheriff of Bradford county three yeare, and sheriff of the county three years, being elected to the office in 1S4S; he was delegate to the State Convention at Harrisburg several terms, and in his prime always took an active part in politics. Polit- icallv he has alwavs been a stanch Democrat, and socially he is a mem ber of the F. &• A". M. WILLIAM A. DOBBINS, railway conductor, residence No. 606 Central avenue, Indianapolis, Ind.. is a native of Bradford county, Pa., born on his father's farm near Troy, the second son of William S. Dobbins. At the old homestead William A. Dobbins spent his child hood, learned to labor, went to school in the neighborhood, and in time became a student in the old Troy Academy. At the age of twenty he sought and found employment with a railroad, became a brakeman, and for the past twenty-five }Tears he has been in railroad ser\-ice, being 778 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. now passenger conductor on the St. Louis, Vandalia & Indianapolis Railroad. He has been in that company's employ the past fifteen years, and is regarded as one of the most efficient and reliable men on the line. During some years of his labors with the " Van" road, his headquarters were at Effingham, 111., and it was here he met and wedded his wife, Miss Anna Meyers, daughter of William Meyers, of that place, and one of the early settlers of the county. She was some years a teacher in the Effingham public school. They built a nice home in Effingham and resided there until 1885, when they went to their pres ent abode in Indianapolis. Mr. Dobbins is a Democrat and, as are pretty much all the voters of that name, is of the pronounced and uncompromising kind. Genial and sociable, he is widely popular, in the West, as are his venerable father and brothers in Pennsylvania and New York. No family in the county is better known or more highly respected. John Dobbms'was one of the early and most prominent of the settlers at the beginning of the century in what is noAv Troy town ship, and the family name has been honored through the century. JOHN E. DOBBINS, hardware merchant, Troy, son of William S. and Nancy (Bothwell) Dobbins, was born on the old homestead in Troy township March 8, 1846. He was educated in the common schools and seminary at Mansfield, Pa., and in 1862 he began life as a clerk, Avhich occupation he followed until 1878, when he purchased an interest in a hardware business at Troy, Avith E. F. Johnson, which partnership existed under the firm name of Dobbins & Johnson, until 1884, since which time the business has been conducted under the name of Dob bins & Correll. Mr. Dobbins is a prominent business man of Troy, and is also an active member of the Masonic Fraternity. He is Past Master of Trojan Lodge, No. 306, F. & A. M.; Past High Priest of Troy Chapter, No. 261, and Past Eminent Commander of Canton Commandery, No. 64, of Bradford county, and in politics he is a Democrat. JOHN E. DODGE, farmer, P. O. Terrytown, was born May 25, 1847, reared and educated in the pleasant hamlet of Terrytown, this county, and is a son of John F. and Melissa (Elliott) Dodge, the former a native of Terry township, born December 24, 1814, the latter a native of Wyalusing township, born August 22, 1817. The father is the son of Edmund and Rebecca Dodge, the former born in Connecticut, December 21, 1777, the latter a native of England. Edmund was the son of Oliver Dodge, who came to this county in its very early history, about the same time the Terrys came, in 1779, and located on the banks of the Susquehanna river, taking up about 600 acres on the west side, and about 400 on the east side, which in time was distributed among the heirs, sold and otherwise disposed of. Oliver, the first pioneer of the Dodge family, was a major in the Revolutionary army. Edmund was tAvice married : his first Avife was Miss Abigail Terry, by whom he had three children : Oliver, Nancy and Alpheus ; his second wife Avas Miss Rebecca Franklin, by whom he had children as follows: Abigail, John F., Susanna, Sally, Mary, Lynds B., Betsey. John F., Avho Avas the second in the family, was a successful farmer in his day, his life, like that of others, being uneventful ; he sue- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 779 ceeded his father on the old homestead, and reared a family of seven children : George Elliott, Marietta R., John E., Nancy, Davis D., Alta S. and Lucy F., five of whom grew to maturity and are now living. John E., the subject of this sketch, has always devoted him self to agricultural pursuits. On September 15, 1869, at the age of tAventy-two, he married Miss Mary, daughter of Chester and Eliza Schoonover, of Terrytown. He is living on the old homestead where his father, grandfather and great-grandfather resided before him, and is a general farmer, raising a mixed crop. He enjoys the full confidence of his fellow-citizens, who have elected him to the following offices commissioner (three years), treasurer, and justice of the peace, which position he now holds. He is a member of* the F. & A. M. and of the I. O. O. F. ; politically he is a Republican. BENJAMIN H. DOTY, farmer, P. O. Wellsburg, N. Y., is a son of Joseph and Mehitabel (Horton) Doty, of Dutch origin. The father, who was a farmer, removed to Bradford county in 1837, and, settling in the Avilderness, he cleared the farm where Benjamin H. now resides, the family experiencing all the privations of the early pioneer's life. The parents reared a family of six children, three sons and three daugh ters, four of whom are now living; the parents were active and consis tent members of the Wesleyan Methodist Church; the father died at the age of eighty-nine years, and the mother when aged sixty-two years. Benjamin H. Doty was reared on the^farm, and folloAved agri cultural pursuits successfully, till he is now the owner of 175 acres of fine land, including the old homestead, and carries on general farming. The property is located on a fine elevation in Ridgebury township. Mr. Doty was married April 10, 1856, to Martha A. Fassett, of South Creek, this county, a daughter of Philo and Permelia (Louk) Fassett; her grandfather Fassett was one of the pioneers of the township of South Creek; her father, who is a far"mer, is now aged eighty years, and her mother is aged eighty-one. Mr. and Mrs. Doty have had five children, four of whom are now living: Alice, wife of Edgar Berry, a farmer, in Springfield township; Kitsie, wife of Joseph Craig, a farmer ; Emma, wife of Charles E. VanBuskirk, an undertaker at Wellsburg, N. Y.; and Sumner N., married to Jenny Craig, of Ridgebury. Mr. Doty is a Republican in politics, has held several offices of public trust, and is much respected in the community. L. H. DOUGLASS, merchant, Hornbrook, was born in Sheshequin township, this county, May 23, 1860, a son of Elias and Catherine (Childs) Douglass, the former of whom was a carpenter. They had a family of four children, of whom our subject is the eldest, the others being : Lucinda, married to Robert Keller, of Athens; George (deceased) and Benjamin. L. H. Douglass grew to his majority in the vicinity of Hornbook, and attended the schools of that place until eighteen years of age, receiving a good common-school education, then learned the carpenters trade with his father, and followed that until 1888, when he engaged in mercantile trade, opening a store at Hornbrook. He carries a fine line for a country trade, and does a yearly business of about $2,500. He married, September 30, 1885, Mary, the fifth child born to Lois and Julia (Webb) Brainard, who yet resides in Litchfield ; 780 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. she is the fifth child. Mr. and Mrs. Douglass have two children: Georgia L., aged three years, and Sarah E., aged ten months. Mr. Douglass' political views are Democratic, and he is recognized as a prominent and valued citizen. D. H. DUART, farmer, Canton township, P. O. Windfall, is a native of York, Canada West (now Toronto, Ontario), born April 11, 1819. His parents were John and Jane (Hicks) Duart, natives of County Down, Ireland, and Scotland respectively. John Duart immi grated to New York City when a young man, was a stone mason by trade, and he helped build the main tunnel used by the New York City Water-works ; he lost his health while engaged in working on that tunnel, and died in 1823, in his fortieth year. Mrs. Duart died at the age of seventy years. \D. H. Duart, who is the fourth in order of birth in a family of seven sons and two daughters, was reared in Canada West, receiving a public-school education, and removed to Towanda about 1837, where he worked five years at the carpenter's trade ; then came to Canton township, where he has since resided ; he settled in the woods and cleared out his farm. He Avas married in Washington township, Wyoming Co., Pa., in 1840, to Sarah, daughter of William and Elner (Myers) Place, the former of whom was a farmer and died in his native home; her grandfather, James, was of English descent and died in Pike county, Pa. Mrs. Duart, who is the sixth in order of birth in a family of thirteen, Avas born in Hamilton township, Monroe Co., Pa., June 26, 1817. To Mr. and Mrs. Duart were born thirteen children, of whom two are now living: Mary Jane (wife of Hiram Thomas) and John W. (married to Effie Bunyan). Mr. Duart is a member of the F. & A. M., Trojan Lodge, No. 306, also of the West Granville Grange ; politically he is a Republican. GEORGE W. DUBERT, farmer, P. O. Big Pond, was born Octo ber 29, 1855, in Springfield township, this county, a son of Andrew and Elizabeth (Fraley) Dubert, natives of Saxony, Germany, Avho came to this country when young people, Avith their parents; they Avere agriculturists, and the father is still living. Grandfather Fraley is seventy-seven years of age. Grandfather Dubert was a soldier in the German army, and died in January, 1890, at the age of eighty- two years. George W. Dubert, who is the eldest in a family of four children, all now living, was reared on the farm and educated in the schools of the township ; he has been a carpenter and farmer. The family are owners of a fine farm of 200 acres, dairying being the principal business. Mr. Dubert was married, October 12, 1887, to Estella W. Burnham, who was born August 10, 1864, a daughter of Orrin A. and Fannie J. (Rayner) Burnham, of Ridgebury, this county, who are still living in the county and are tillers of the soil ; her father Avas of English ancestry, tracing his lineage to the Wisners, Avho were among the Pilgrims of the " Mayflower ; " her grandfather, Rayner, Avho had been in the War of 1812, and was a pensioner, died at the age of seventy years ; .and her grandmother died at the age of eighty- eight years. Mr. and Mrs. Dubert have no children. They have a very fine home, the location being one of the best in the township, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 781 having a magnificent prospect. Mr. Dubert is a Republican, and takes an active part in political affairs. WILLIAM E. DUMOND, farmer, P. O. Alba, was born in Armenia toAvnship, this county, November 12, 1845, and is a son of Jacob Y. and Harriet (Kiff) Dumond, natives of Delaware county, N. Y., Avho settled in Armenia in 1839, and cleared and improved the farm occupied by subject. Jacob Y. Dumond was a son of James Dumond, and his wife a daughter of James Kiff ; their children were : James, Jane (Mrs. Samuel Kendreick), William E., Imogene (Mrs. William Barber), John H., Hamilton T., Clarence, and Florence (Mrs. Albert Moggan). William E. Dumond was reared in Armenia, and was a member of Company C, Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, during the War of the Rebellion, and after two years was honorably dis charged. His wife was Lelia, daughter of Asa and Mary (Harding) Pratt, and by her he has two children ; Perry and Minnie. He is a member of the G. A. R., and in politics is a Republican. OLIVER G. DUNBAR, farmer, Springfield township, P. O. Big Pond, was born August 23, 1842, in Troy township, a son of Alanson and Martha (Burk) Dunbar, natives of Springfield township. The father, a farmer, came from Connecticut in an early day, and settled at Troy with a large family ; Mr. Dunbar's great grandfather Avas a Revolutionary soldier ; the father lived to the age of fifty-four years and the mother to the age of sixty-seven years. Mr. Dunbar was the second in a family of eleven children, Avas reared on the farm and edu cated in the schools of the township. When twenty-two years of age he enlisted in Company L, First New York Veteran Cavalry, under Gen. Sheridan, and did picket, duty nine months; before this he was in the war as a teamster. He was married December 31, 1866, to Mary Jane, daughter of Alfred H. and Jane Strong, of Springfield, and Avho was born January 29, 1842, the youngest of the family of four children; her two brothers, William H. and Edwin C. Strong, Avere in the Civil War. Mr. and Mrs. Dunbar have had only one child, who died in infancy. He is the owner of a well-improved farm of forty acres, which is under a fine state of cultivation, and has been a suc cessful business man, is a good neighbor and a kind friend ; he is a Re publican in politics, and has held the offices of school director, com missioner and auditor several years, and also other positions of public trust; is a member of the I. O. O. F., P. of H. and of the G. A. R. WILLIAM H. DUNHAM, a leading farmer of Windham town ship, P. O. Windham, is a native of Bradford county, Pa., born April 5, 1834, a son of Henry and Sybil (Wait) Dunham, of New York, and German extraction. The father was a mechanic, and one of the early settlers in Windham, having come in 1806, and lived until 1887; the mother died in 1890. They had ten children, of whom William H. is the fourth. He greAV to his majority on the farm, and since he com menced life on his own account has prospered. Receiving his share of his father's real estate, he has added thereto, until he now owns ninety acres. In 1861 he enlisted in Company H, Sixty-fourth New York Infantry, Second Army Corps, and was in the battles of Fair Oaks, Harrison's Landing and Antietam, when he Avas seized with typhoid 782 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. fever, and sent to the hospital in Washington; was honorably dis charged November 20, 1862, has been an invalid continuously since, and is now a pensioner. He is a member of Warwick Post, No. 529, G. A. R., and, politically, votes with the Republican party. He was married, in 1863, to Elizabeth Hand, who Avas born in Windham town ship, this county, a daughter of Alexander and Mary (Manchester) Hand. Of this marriage have been born five children : Howard (in Tioga county), Henry, Harrold (deceased), Sybil M. and William. The family are much esteemed by a wide circle of friends. E. L. DUNKLEE, insurance agent, Wyalusing, Avas born in Steuben county, N. Y., October 4, 1843, and is a son of Ellis and Lucinda (Bixby) Dunklee, natives of Vermont, of English origin ; his father followed contracting and building many years, and then purchased a farm in Steuben county, N. Y., where he has resided forty-eight years; his father was born in 1813, and his mother in 1817 and died in 1887; they had a family of seven children, A'iz.: Eli, farmer of Cooper's Plains, N. Y.; Melvina, married to Benjamin Balcona, farmer of Curtis, N. Y.; James, of Rochester, N. Y., Avho served in Company E, One Hundred and Forty-first NeAV York Infantry, was wounded at Resaca and dis charged on account of disability from wound ; E. L.; Emma, married to Lorain Carpenter, and died in 1883; Clara, married to G. M. Bixby, a banker of Wyalusing who died in 1880; and Calista, married to Adelbert Scott, a farmer of Campbell, N. Y. Subject was born and reared on a farm, and attended the common schools of his district until seventeen years of age. August 28, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Forty-first New York Infantry, and after a hard service, interspersed with sickness, and spending about eleven months in hospital, and making the famous campaign with Sherman from Atlanta to the sea, and then through the Carolinas to Washington, received his discharge, and was mustered out with the company. He returned home- and entered Madison University, of Hamilton, N. Y., but after a four years' course, his health failed him, and he Avas com pelled to leave school ; then went to Avork on the farm where he remained one year; was then a traveling salesman about five years ; in 1876 he came to Wyalusing and entered the bank Avith his brother-in- law, G. M. Bixby, remained until the latter's death, sincev Avhich time he has had charge of the Bixby estate, and been engaged in insurance business. He was united in marriage, September 25, 1872, with Grace I., daughter of Josiah and Sarah Ann (Richardson) Lewis, of N. Y. They have a family of five children : Helen, Emery J., Maynard D., Clara A. and Ellis. Mr. Dunklee is a member of Jackson Post, No. 74, G. A. R., Wyalusing, of which he is quartermaster. His family are all members of "the Baptist Church in which he is an earnest worker; a Republican, and has been town clerk fbr the past ten years ; and held the appointment as watchman in the State Senate in 1887 and 1888. BARCLEY DUNN, farmer, P.O. Franklindale, was born in Sussex county, N. J., August 10, 1830, a son of William and Mary (Yetter) Dunn, the former of whom was born in New York, and the latter in Sussex county, N. J. William Dunn always lived in Sussex county, where he died ; he was the father of ten children— eight sons and tAvo HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 783 daughters — all of Avhom greAV to maturity. Our subject, Avho is the seventh in the family, Avas reared and educated in Sussex county, N. J., at the common schools ; he boated twenty-seven years on the Dela ware & Hudson Canal, and also the Erie Canal, at Avhich he accumu lated considerable money ; the rest of his life was devoted to farming. After leaving New Jersey he located in Carbon county, Pa., Avhere he lived four years, from which place he removed to Standing Stone, Bradford county, where he lived nineteen years ; then removed to his present location in Franklin toAvnship, where he has since resided, twenty years. He was married, July 27, 1851, to Miss Sophia, daughterof Daniel and Ann- Rough, natives of Luzerne county, Pa., and this union resulted in the birth of five children — three sons and two daughters — all of whom grew to maturity, as follows : Emanda A., Elmer, Cyrus, Clara B. and Henry W. Mr. Dunn is in easy cir cumstances, enjoying the confidence of his fellow townsmen, whom he served faithfully as commissioner six years ; he is a general farmer, devoting himself to all branches of agriculture ; he belongs to the Patrons of Industry, and politicallv is a Democrat. AUGUSTUS DURUZ, farmer,"' P. 0. Gillett, was born near Paris, France, April 18, 1844, a son of J. P. and Mary Ann (Gordeaux) Duruz, natives of France. J. P. Duruz was a merchant, also an offi cer in the French army. The family came to this country, November 2, 1854, and first located on Long Island, remaining one year; then came to Sheshequin township, this county, where they were two years; from there removed to Towanda and purchased the Dan Bartlett place, where he died in 1876, in his sixty -ninth year; his widow still survives him, aged now seventy-nine years, and is living in Towanda. Their family consisted of eight children — five daughters and three sons — all of whom grew to maturity, and six are living at the present time. The subject of these lines, who is the sixth in the family, was reared and partially educated in France, and in early life learned the carpen ter's trade, at which he worked a number of years. On July 4, 1867, he married, at Towanda, Emily, daughter of Henry and* Emeline Jones; and there Avere born to them five children : Louise (married to Henry Sweeney, a farmer), Augusta, Charles, Eugene and Ella. Mr. Duruz moved to South Creek township in 1879, and purchased of John Livins what is known as the " Brown place," on which he is now living; he built a new house, and made many necessary improvements; is a hard-working, industrious man. He rents two farms which he oversees, besides' his own which contains seventy-five acres; is a gen eral farmer, raising grain, hay and stock ; owns several blooded Jerseys, and has one very fine colt, registered ; there is an abundance of choice fruit on his place, all his own planting. DR. CHARLES S. DWYER, physician, Springfield, was born October 9, 1857, in Smithfield, this county, a son of Rev. W. H. H. and Mary J. (Greenleaf) DAvyer, the former of whom, born in Rutland, Vt., was a Baptist preacher, and organized the church at Canton, of which he was pastor some years, as well as at Troy, Alba, Wells, Columbia, Smithfield Centre and LeRoy ; he died at the age of- sixty -seven years. The mother was born in Alba, and is still living, at the age of sixty- 784 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. three years ; the paternal great-grandfather, Avas born in France, and Avas educated for a Roman Catholic priest; his name was Devereaux, but on emigrating to this country changed it to Dwyer ; he practiced law many years at Worcester, Mass.; his son, our subject's grandfather, Avas also a lawyer, and was at one time judge of Essex county, N. Y., and later in life, as a Baptist clergyman, was pastor of the church at Alba and at other places in the county. Dr. Dwyer, who is the seventh in a family of ten children, was educated at Smithfield, and studied medi cine, attending lectures at the Bennett Eclectic Medical College, Chicago, 111.; was graduated in the spring of 1888, commenced his profession at Springfield in the fall of that year, and now enjoys an extensive and lucrative practice. He had three brothers in the Civil War, Malcom being acting assistant adjutant general at the close of the struggle. The Doctor was married, August 26, 1883, to Edna W. Teeter, of Springfield, daughter of William and Margaret (Watson) Teeter,and born February 27,1863 ; they have two children: A daughter, Margaret J., born March 12, 1886, and a son, Esmuld D., born August 21, 1891. Dr. Dwyer is a Republican, a member of the Baptist Church, and enjoys the confidence of a wide circle of friends ; his wife is a member of the Disciple Church. FRANK EDWARD EASTABROOK, manufacturer of lumber, lath and shingles, Stevensville, was born in Potterville, this county, January 12, 1861, a son of Edward Jesse and Emeline (Potter) Easta- brook, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and a tailor and shoemaker by trade. In his family there Avere six children, of whom our subject is the fifth. Frank E. Eastabrook was educated in the common school, and at Warner's Commercial College, Elmira, N. Y.; he began life for himself at tAventy, and took up lumbering as his occupation, which he has followed since. In 1883 he engaged in business with Elmer F. Stevens, and they do a very large business. Mr. Eastabrook Avas married January 19, 1885, to Ella, daughter of Jonathan and Sarah (Rockwell) Stevens, and they have two children : Mildred O, born April 19, 1887, and Victor S., born July 31, 1890. Mr. Eastabrook is a member of the Presbyterian Church, of Avhich he is Sunday-school superintendent ; he is a Republican, and at present holds the office of tax collector. A. J. EASTABROOKS, retired, Towanda, Avas born in Wysox township, this county, January 3, 1823, and is a son of William and Wealthy (Shurtliff) Eastabrooks, whose nativity was Connecticut, both born of remote English ancestry, of the class of yeomen who were among the pioneers of Bradford county, and located in Wysox town ship, where the father died in 1826. He reared a family of six chil dren, of whom the subject of this sketch is the youngest, in the order of birth, of four sons and two daughters. The lad Avas favorably sur rounded for that day, and grew to manhood on a farm with his older brother, and, following in the line of his ancestors, became a farmer. He was soon widely known as a man of probity and rare intelligence. He-quitted his farm in 1850, and removed to Towanda, Avhere he en gaged actively in business. When the war cloud burst upon the land, he was quick to respond to his country's call, and enrolled his name in HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 785 Company I, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves ; Avas assigned as a member of the regimental band, a,nd was Avounded and lost his arm at the sec ond battle of Bull Run, August 29, 1862 ; his arm was amputated, and when he was sufficiently recovered he returned to his home. President Grant appointed him to a clerkship in Washington, and he was there in that employ thirteen years, with a salary, a portion of the time, of $1,400 a year. He then returned to his Towanda home, and took his old place among the good people of the town as one of the much- respected leading men of the county, interested in all public affairs. He has built his share of houses in ToAvanda, and contributed well toward the general improvement of the county's capital, and is noAv quietly enjoying the repose of life in his elegant mansion. He Avas married, July 1, 1844, to Miss Mary, daughter of Russell Pratt, and a sister of Dr. D. S. Pratt ; she died in 1889. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which he is a prominent official, as well as class leader. C. J. EASTABROOKS, farmer and stock grower, P. O. South Hill, Avas born in Towanda township, this county, November 18, 1838, and is a son of Judson and Eliza (Robinson) Eastabrooks, of OrAvell Hill. The father, who was born in Hartford, Conn., July 31, 1812, was a farmer and carpenter ; he had a family of six children, viz. : Charles J., Elvira (married to Leonard Ross, and died), Mary (married to J. M. Davies, of OAvego), Alice (married to Sands Dunham), Emma (living at home) and Edwin (died aged seven years). The subject of this sketch received his education in the common schools of the county, at the Academy of Camptown, and Towanda Collegiate Institute. He taught school until August 8, 1862, when he enlisted in Company D, One Hun dred and Forty -first Regiment, P. V. I., of which he Avas made sergeant, and December 31,1862, ne Avas promoted to commissary-sergeant, Avhich position he filled until mustered, out. He declined a second-lieutenant's commission. He served Avith his regiment until the close of the war, and was absent -on but two short furloughs; his duties were hard and dangerous, as he would have to issue rations at night generally, and would thus be exposed to the dangers and difficulties incident to dark ness; he served faithfully through the term of his enlistment, and was honorably discharged, at Harrisburg, and mustered out with his regiment. After returning home he purchased the farm now OAvned by Vernon Tyrrell, and continued there until 1872, Avhen he sold and Avent to Rome, Avhere he embarked in mercantile business Avith L. R. Browning, and was there until 1875, when he again sold and purchased his present farm of 170 acres of fine land, in Orwell toAvnship, all under a high state of cultivation, which he has greatly improved, and has it well stocked with Jersey and Holstein cattle, sheep .and horses ; he has a match team of iron-gray draft horses that have taken first premium at fairs whereA'er exhibited. On September 26, 1865, he was united in wedlock with Hermine O, daughter of George W. and Emmaline (Terrel) Prince, who had a family of three children, viz. : George M., Hermine C. and Charles V. To Mr. and Mrs. Eastabrooks have been born three children : One died in infancy ; Charles F. (deceased), and Charley B., born December 9, 1873. The family are 786 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in which Mr. Easta brooks holds the position of trustee; he is a Freemason, and has taken the third degree; also a member of Ste\Tens Post, No. 69, G. A. R., and is on the"financial committee. A stanch Republican, he takes an active interest in the politics of his section, and has held various town ship offices, being now an auditor of Orwell. Mr. Eastabrooks has had his OAvn way to make in the Avorld, and has been eminently successful. He Avas among the first to offer his services to his country, and in that service lost his health. He and his excellent lady, have a very large circle of friends in Orwell and adjoining townships, and enjoy the esteem and respect of all Avho knoAV them. MARCUS EASTABROOKS (deceased) was born in Windham county,. Conn., January 27, 1793, a son of Peleg and Rebecca (Salls- bery) Eastabrooks. He Avas married July 29, 1826, to Alathen Gray, of Connecticut, who was born July 30, 1800, and was a daughter of Jonas and Mary Gray, farmers. Marcus Eastabrooks came to Brad ford county in 1820, and settled on the land now owned by Solomon Chaffee ; remained here tAvo years, and then returned to Connecticut to bring the remaining members ofthe family — his father, mother and sisters, Sallie and Diana. His family consisted of the following child ren : Levi, William, Jessie (drowned while quite small), Jessie, Marcus, Sylvester (died in infancy), Sallie, Diana (married to Eleazer Aliis, Jr.), William and Reuben. Marcus was married in Susquehanna county, and on coming to this county he found a log cabin already erected on his land, in which he settled and began the life of a pioneer; his first cabin had neither door, Avindow, nor chimney, nor was it even chinked; they would hang blankets for doors, and his wife Avould do her cook ing out in the yard. He had no time to finish the house, but had to cut down the trees and plant among the roots ; all the cultivation the crops received was theAveeds being pulled Avhen they became too rank. That fail he finished his home, harvested his little crop and the battle with the wilderness was fairly begun ; his wife, besides attending to her young children and other household duties, would spin and weave all the linen and woolen cloth needed to clothe the family. The farm he cleared contained ninety-five acres, and he chopped and grubbed the entire place, and fitted it for cultivation ; he built a small frame house in 1855, which still stands, and had a small sugar bush. Mr. Easta brooks died, April 2, 1874, at the ripe old age of eighty-one, his wife having passed away July 7, 1877, aged seventy -seven. He was an Old- school Baptist, but never became connected with any church ; in poli tics he Avas first an Old-line Whig, and then a Republican. Mr. Easta brooks was one of the best-known pioneers of this county, noted far and near for his integrity and hospitality, sobriety and industry. No man ever went from his house hungry, or was refused the hospitable shelter of his roof ; this trait of character has been inherited by his daughters, Avho are noted far and near for their hospitality. To him and his devoted Avife were born three daughters as follows : Nancy, born Julv 17. 1828, who assisted her father in his farm labors, chopping, piling brush and rolling logs as well as hoeing and harvesting grain (she married, December 7, 1858, Chauncy Tingley, who died April 11, 1859, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 787 and his stricken widow bowed to tfte sore affliction); Hannah, the sec ond daughter, was born March 9, 1830, and Lucy, the youngest was born December 4, 1836. W. R. Pickering, an adopted brother, is where these daughters make their home. This is one of the highly respected families of Bradford county. JAMES H. EASTGATE, superintendent of the tannery at Grover, was born in Ulster county, N. Y., October 6, 1848, and' is a son of Her man Neal and Ellen (Mason) Eastgate, the former of whom at present resides in Scranton ; the mother died October 8, 1848. Our subject is their only child, and was reared in Ulster county, receiving a public- school and academic education ; he learned the tanner's trade in Ulster county, N. Y., Avith Adam Innes. In 1865 he removed to Granville township, where he remained until July, 1871, Avhen he came to Grover, in which place he has since resided, with the exception of from May 21, 1884, until November 7, 1889, when he was in the Granville tan neries. In September, 1889, he purchased the gristmill from Robert Innes, which was just commenced, and he completed it. He Avas mar ried in Granville, October 19, 1870, to Mary O, daughter of Adam and Helen (McNeil) Innes ; she is third in order of birth in a family of eight children, and was born in Ulster county, N. Y., May 15, 1850. To Mr. and Mrs. Eastgate have been born three daughters: Sarah L., Helen R. and Iantha E. Mr. Eastgate is a member of the F. & A. M., Troy Lodge, No. 306, Troy Chapter, No. 261, Canton Commandery, No. 64, and of the I. O. O. F., Lodge No. 687, Granville Centre, and has passed all the chairs of the Order. Politically he is a Republican. CALVIN J. EASTMAN, blacksmith, Orwell, Avas born October 22, 1838, in Guilford, N. Y., a son of George W., and Lydia (Mann) Eastman; his father was a wagon-maker and carpenter and joiner, and came to Bradford county in 1840, and located in Rome township; then removed to a farm in Orwell, owned by his son, J. I. Eastman, and died there June 12, 1875; the mother is with her son., In his father's family Avere the following children; Willis (deceased); J. I., married to Theodora Lewis, and Calvin, who spent his early life in Rome, attended school there, learned his trade of blacksmith and worked at it eight years; then came to Orwell, in the fall of 1863, and worked twelve years ; then bought his present shop and has occupied it since. He married Mary, daughter of C. S. Smith, and to them have been born the following children, two of whom were born in NeAV York: Eliza beth (married to Marion Dunn); Charles W. (married to Flora Brown); Kate S. and Lewis E. The family are Presbyterians, and Mr. Eastman is trustee and chorister, assisted in the latter capacity by his wife; both are fine musicians, as are their daughters. Kate taught school in this county several years; the children were all educated on Orwell Hill. Mr. Eastman is a member of the K. of H.; is a Republican and has held the offices of township treasurer and school director. He and his family are much esteemed by a wide circle of acquaintances and friends. JOHN .1. EASTMAN, farmer and stock grower, P. O. Orwell, Avas born in Rome township, this county, October 23, 1845, and is a son of George W. and Lydia Y. (Mann) Eastman, the former of whom 788 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. was born in Ashford, Conn., February 2, 1803, a son of Justice and Sallie (Farnham) Eastman, natives of that place, born in 1777 and 1778, respectively, and who had the following children : Otis (born July 9, 1801, died in infancy), George W., Lucius (born April 30, 1805, died June 22, 1870), Asa F. (born April 21, 1808, died in August, 1888), Lanson (born August 7, 1810, deceased), Hannah S. (born May 17, 1813, married to Albert Hicks), Sallie (born March 3, 1817, married to James Halbert, Avhom she survives), Mary Elizabeth (born July 3, 1819, married to Nathan Dickenson). The father Avas a carpenter and joiner, and also Avorked at wagon-making and shoemaking. He Avas married January 7, 1828, in Otsego county, N. Y., where he lived until 1841, when he removed to Rome, where he worked at carpenter ing and Avagon-making, and built the Methodist and Baptist churches ; also many residences; he lived there twenty-two years, and then removed to Orwell toAvnship, to the farm the son now occupies; he was an extensive contractor in his day, and in 1837 was overseer of the carpenters and builders on the State Capitol at Madison, Wis. He died June 3, 1875; his widoAv surviA'es. To them were born the following named children : Willis (born December 28, 1829, deceased), Lucy Jane (born September 28, 1833, died August 25, 1837) ; Calvin J., John I., and Sarah J. (born September 26, 1847, married to Theodore Lewis). John I. Eastman spent the greater portion of his life on a farm in Orwell township, and was educated in the common schools. He has followed farming with good success, down to the present time, and has lived on the old homestead. He was united in Avedlock December 19, 1867, with Lucy A. Brown, and to them has been born a family of six children, viz.: Willis H. (born June 6, 1869), James E. (born NoA'ember 25, 1870), Lillie M. (born September 24, 1872), Flora B. (born December 15, 1875), George U. (born October 27, 1877), and Josie Irene (born November 6, 1886). The parents of our subject Avere both members of the Presbyterian Church, in which the father was for many years an elder. In his political views the father Avas first a Democrat, and then a Republican, and he had held the various town offices. John I. Eastman is a Eepublican, and has also held the A'arions toAvnship offices. Mr. and Mrs. Eastman have a pleasant home, the old Eastman homestead, and has his farm well improATed and stocked. He is surrounded with a large circle of friends. WILLIAM H. EATON, locomotive engineer, L. V. R. R., P. 0- Sayre, is a native of Towanda, this county, and AAras born April 2, 1850, a son of Gurden H. and Lucinda (Holcomb) Eaton, the former a native of New York, and the latter of Ulster, this county. The father, who was a cabinet-maker, and served a number of years as justice ofthe peace and constable in Towanda, died there in the spring of 1878, in his sixty-fourth year; the mother died in .1856, in her thirty-ninth year. William H., who is the youngest in a family of five children, was reared in ToAvanda, and completed his education, attending the collegiate institute at that place three terms. He began work in the station baggage room in Towanda in the fall of 1868, and was appointed baggage master same year; served one year, and then com menced firing on the road, and was on the line until 1874. Afterward HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 789 he worked with his father about tAvo years, and was then employed firing on the G. I. & S. R. R.; Avas promoted to engineer in 1877, and ran one year and three months, when he went to Buffalo, and was on the B. & W. R. R. braking three months ; then Avent on the N. Y. C. R. R. as conductor of a yard engine, remaining with the company three years, after which he came to Sayre in 1883, fired one year, was then promoted to engineer, and has been running on the line since. Mr. Eaton was married in Waverly, N. Y., April 26, 1882, to Miss Emma, daughter of Jabez B. and Ad'elia (Rightmire) Harding, the former a native of Tunkhannock, Pa., and the latter of Tompkins county, N. Y. Her father was a farmer in early life, and has been in the employ of the L. V. R. R. over twenty years as general yard master at Waverly Junction. Her great-grandfather, Elisha Harding, Avas in the Wyoming massacre, and had two brothers killed two or three days before the massacre, Avhile hoeing corn. Mrs. Eaton is the eldest in a family of three children, and was born in Tompkins county, N. Y., March 4, 1853. To Mr. and Mrs. Eaton has been born a son : Clarence Harding. Mr. Eaton is a member of the Order of Red Men, Iron Hall, Brother hood of Locomotive Engineers, DiA'ision No. 380, and has been first assistant engineer since the Lodge was organized ; is secretary of the Locomotive Engineers Life Insurance Association, and in politics is a Democrat. PETER H. EDINGER, farmer in Tuscarora township, P. O. Spring Hill, was born in Stroudsburg, Monroe county, Pa., April 9, 1844, son of David and Sally (Learn) Edinger, natives of Pennsylvania, and of German origin. Mr Edinger was educated in the common school, and learned the carpenter and joiner trade at Laceyville, with Samuel Gregory of that place, and at the age of .twenty-five he com menced life for himself, Avorking at his trade in Laceyville, Wyalusing, Tunkhannock, and various other places; about six years later he pur chased his present place of 100 acres and engaged in farming, at which he has since continued. He was married, March 7, 1877, to Miss Effie, daughter of Demmon and Abigal (Lacey) Ackley, of Tus carora township, and the following named children are the fruits of this union; Harry Ackley, born July 31, 1882; Helen, born January 2, 1887, and Vern'ie Florence, born May 10, 1891. Mr. Edinger, although not a professional politician, is a firm adherent of the principles of the Democratic party. JOHN W. EDSELL (deceased), late farmer in Pike township, was born August 12, 1835, and died March 14, 1886. He was married January 2, 1859, to Sarah E., daughter of Wells and Roth Pratt, in Avhose family there were ten children, Sarah E. being the sixth. To Mr. and Mrs. Edsell were born the folloAving named children : Wisos W., a farmer; Salona L., Avho resides at home ; Clarence S., a farmer; Vernon L., at home; and Nettie (deceased). The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Republican in politics. JOHN M. EDSON, machinist and inventor, Towanda, Avas born in Wareham, Plymouth Co., Mass., May 8, 1847, a son of William and Eunice B. (Morton) Edson, and comes of Puritan stock. He Avas reared in his native town, and received a common-school education. On 45 790 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. August 15, 1862, when but fifteen years of age, he enlisted in Company A, Twentieth Massachusetts Volunteers. At Antietam he volunteered to go into the battle, as his father did at the battle of Ball's Bluff, where he was wounded, a ball passing through his body, on account of Avhich he was discharged. After regaining his strength, however, he re-enlisted in the same company and regiment (Company A, Twentieth Massachusetts Volunteers), and gave his consent to his son's going, and at Antietam the boy Avas shot down by his father's, side, being wounded in the right thigh. He was sent to the hospital, and honorably discharged in January, 1863, on account of disability. On January 4, 1864, he re-enlisted, this time in Company F, Fourth Massachusetts Cavalry, and was in several skirmishes and at the battle of Deep Run, after which he was placed on the staff of Gen. Ord, Twenty-fourth Army Corps, as orderly; Avas afterward transferred to the First Division, TAventy -fourth Army Corps, under Gen. Terry, and later under Gen. Frisbie and Gen. Foster, and ivas then transferred to the First Division, Third Brigade, under Gen. Plaisted, and later under Gen. Dandy, until the close of the war. He was at the battle of Hatcher's Run, in the charge of Fort Gregg and at the surrender of Gen. Lee at Appomattox. After the surrender of Lee our subject was on patrol duty at Richmond, Va., four weeks, and was then sent to Surrey in charge of seven men, to take the census of the colored peo ple of that county. After finishing his work there he was ordered to Richmond, where he was honorably discharged from the service in January, 1866. He then returned home and followed the sea until 1871. In 1867 he made his first voyage, a cruise in a Avhaling ship on the Pacific Ocean, steering about as far south as the Equator, near where they killed a sperm whale that yielded 120 barrels of oil. This Avas soon after the war, when oil was selling at $2.60 ner gallon; and though this was their only catch during a six months' voyage, still it paid them very well. Mr. Edson also made two voyages to the Western Banks and the Grand Banks, cod fishing. He Avas always looked to in time of danger by the captain and crew as the safest man at the wheel, and on two occasions, during storms, he had to be lashed to the wheel for security. After his return from the sea he Avent to Boonton, N. J., Avhere he learned the machinist's and nailer's trade, under Fuller, Lord & Co , and while with them he built the first nail self-feeder ever made. He has since that time followed nail mak ing; has been employed much of his time during tAvelve years at the Towanda Nail Works; has worked at the trade in the fol!o\Adng States : Massachusetts, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Indiana. Illinois, Alabama, Tennessee and Virginia. It is his intention to abandon the hailing business in the spring of 1892, and devote his time to inventing. He is the inventor of the " Edson Automatic Nail Feeder," now extensively used in the principal nail factories of the country. Mr. Edson was married, in 1879, to AnnaE., daughter of Gen. John Sheets, of Pottstown, Pa., and by her has four children : Huldah M., Oscar N., Eunice B., and John M. Mr. Edson was connected with the National Guard of Pennsylvania for fiATe years, and repre HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 791 sented the State in 1879-80-81 in the Interstate Military Match at Creedmoor. He was captain of the South Chicago Illinois Rifle Club, three years, and of the ToAvanda, Pa.* Rifle Club until he went West, and was always considered one of the best rifle shots in the State. He is a member of the F. & A. M., the G. A. R. the K. of L., also of the United Nailers of America and of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers. Politically Mr. Edson is Independent. LEWIS EIGHMEY, proprietor of Opera House, Sayre, is a native of Durham, Greene Co., N. Y., and was born April 17, 1833 ; his parents Avere John and Henrietta (Woodard) Eighmey, natives of New York State ; his father was a farmer, and died in 1885, in his seventy- seventh year ; his mother died in 1 882, in her seventy-third year. Lewis is the second of a family of six sons and five daughters; received a fair public school education, and commenced life on his OAvn account in the timber business and also ran a sawmill, and followed this a greater part of the time until 1884, when he removed from his native place to Athens township, in February, 1849 ; in 1861 went to Troy, this county and enlisted, in October, 1861, in Company C, Seventh Cavalry; and Avas in the commands of Gens. Buell, Rosecrans and Sherman ; was taken prisoner August 21, 1862, at Gallatin, Tenn., by Gen. Monroe, and was paroled after three days, and sent to Annapolis, Md., and returned to his command March 1, 1863. When his term of ser vice expired he re-enlisted and served until the close of the war, and was mustered out at Macon, Ga., August 25, 1865 ; returned to Athens and remained there about a year, then went to Pine Creek township, Tioga county, and Avas there two years, and from there went to Warren, then to Pittsfield, and remained there until 1873; then to Bradford, and during the time he was there drilled oil wells ; he remained in this place until 1882, Avhen he removed to Sayre, and commenced building the " Opera House " which Avas finished in 1884 ; the building is 80 x 51, three stories: first floor, stores, second, dwellings, and the third, an opera hall, 80x51, and stage 51x24, and 455 chairs. He married, in Athens township, in 1857, Susan, daughter of John and Katy (Decker) Westfall, natives of New Jersey ; she is the fourth of a family of seven children, and Avas born in Sussex county, March 10, 1844. To this happy marriage was born a daughter, Linnia; they are members of the Episcopal Church ; he is a member of the G. A. R., Mallory Post, No. 285, Union Veteran Legion, No. 28, Athens and Union Veterans Union, No. 18, Sayre; a member of the school board of Sayre. and is a Republican. JOHN H. ELLIOTT, farmer, P. O. SteA-ensville, was born in Wyalusing, this county, October 17, 1833, a son of Harry and Euphe- mia (Beeman) Elliott, natives of Pennsylvania and New York, respect ively, and of New England origin. In their family there were six children, viz.: John H., Deborah (born March 27, 1835, married to Dr. W. W. Smith, of Montrose), Ellen J. (born March 1, 1839, and living Avith John H.), Francis J. (born February 13, 1846, a farmer at Friendsville, Pa.), Clarence W. (born March 24, 1849, a farmer at Birchardville, Pa.); Alta M. (born September 23, 1854, living with our subject). John H. Elliott was reared on a farm, educated in the com- 792 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. mon schools, and remained with his parents Avhile they lived. He enlisted at Owego, N. Y., September 3, 1864, in Company D, Fifth New York Cavalry, was in the battle of Waynesborough and many minor engagements, was mustered out at Winchester, Va., June 13, 1865. The family were all born in Wyalusing, but lived in Rome from 1860 until 1868, and then returned to Wyalusing. In 1890 John H. and his two sisters removed to the A. B. Burrows farm in Pike township, and in 1891 to the farm of Mr. Charles Cobb, Avhere they reside at present. A. C. ELSBREE, retired, Athens, is a native of Warren township, this county, born October 3, 1821, a son of Joseph and Mary (Mackey) Elsbree, natives of Albany county, N. Y., who removed to this county about the year 1819. The father was a farmer, born July 15, 1790, and died in Windham township, this county, February 19, 1856; the mother Avas born January 20, 1793, and died July 4, 1877. A. C. Elsbree, Avho is the third in a family of six children, removed to Athens township in April, 1845, and has devoted his energies to farming, dairying, also extensively engaging in lumbering, buying timberland and manufacturing the lumber and putting it on the market. In 1873 Mr. Elsbree removed to the borough of Athens. He has three dairy farms and one stock farm, and has also given some time to raising good horses. Mr. Elsbree was married in Windham township, February 12, 1846, to Miss Nancy, daughter of Piatt and Laura (Pease) Rogers, natives of Windham township. Piatt Rogers wras born January 2, 1796, and died June 30, 1873. Mrs. Rogers Avas born April 3, 1796, and died in February, 1866. Mrs. Elsbree, who was the eldest of a family of eight children, was born in Windham township, February 28, 1819, and died October 8, 1888, a consistent member of the Baptist Church. To Mr. and Mrs. Elsbree was born one daughter, Jessie B., Avife of Eugene Allen. Mr. Elsbree served one term as school director in Athens township, and is president of Tioga Point Cemetery. In politics he is a Republican. J. L. ELSBREE, ex-county treasurer, Athens, is a native of Wind ham township, this county, and was born December 6, 1837. His parents were Ira and Sally Ann (Dunham) Elsbree, also natives of this county; his father is a farmer, resides in Athens township, and is now in his eighty-second year ; the mother died in August, 1887. J. L. , who is the youngest in a family of four children, Avas reared on a farm and received a common-school education, and became a farmer, and combined, with that, lumbering and stock dealing, and, although not actively engaged in farming personally, he has the business carried on, and, with bis father, has eight farms, seven of which they have farmed themselves. Mr. Elsbree leased the ground of the skating rink, and afterward bought the building and fitted it up for an Opera House; he is also one of the company that built the "Stimson House" block, and a stock holder in the Athens Coach Works, and is president of the Tiahoga Insurance Company, of Athens. He was married in Athens, in December, 1881, to Miss Jane Farr, a daughter of John Farr, a native of Ireland; she is the fourth of a family of seven chil dren, and is a native of this county. To Mr. and Mrs. Elsbree were HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 793 born three children, viz.: Anna, John I. and Rena, deceased. Mr. Elsbree was elected county treasurer in November, 1884, and served one term ; he served one term as councilman in Athens, and, while a Republican, is liberal and independent in his political actions ; is a man of decided force of character, and at all times pre-eminently has the courage of his convictions. N. N. ELSBREE, a farmer and stock groAver, P. 0. Orwell, was born July 31, 1857, and is a son of James L. and C. C. (Lyon) Elsbree. The father was born November 22,1833; a son of Martin Elsbree, who was born February 19, 1795. The father was born in Windham, and Avas a farmer, owning a farm in Windham, and died July 1, 1860 ; he had two children : George F., who was born May 16, 1856, died August 10, 1856, and subject. The father died when N. N. was quite a small child, and the mother soon after married S. N. Bronson. N. N. Elsbree was reared in Mr. Bronson's family, and was educated at Orwell Hill Academy, and at Towanda Collegiate Institute. Upon reaching his majority he began life for himself, and has devoted his attention to farming, stock raising and dealing in cattle and horses. In 1877 he purchased his present farm, which is the old Elsworth estate, and contains 147 acres. In 1887 he commenced breeding trotting horses, and now has some very promising colts of the Hambletonian stock ; his favorite mares were sired, one by Gen. Grant and another by David Hume, and show marks of speed though not yet harnessed ; has seven colts sired by Kire, a lineal descendant from Rysdyke's Hambletonian ; has a fine pair of blacks with which he won first premium at the Bradford Agricultural Society, both in 1889 and 1890, and also owns two fine brood mares, sired by Venango Chief, he by Venango, and he by Rysdyke's Hambletonian, dam, Lady Delivon; with them he won first prize at the same fair in 1890, as best road team. His barns are ail planned by himself, and are models of con venience and elegance ; his stables contain as promising a lot of youngsters as the county has ever produced, and, besides his horses, he keeps a large dairy. Mr. Elsbree was married April 26, 1882, to Kate L. Frisbie, daughter of A. C. Frisbie, and they have two chil dren : James A., born September 28, 1884, and Harry S., born February 9, 1890. Mr. Elsbree is a Republican, and holds the office of town treasurer and postmaster. PERRY H. ELSBREE, farmer, P. O. East Smithfield, was born in the town of East Smithfield, this county, March 7, 1853, a son of Joseph and Betsey (Allen) Elsbree, the former of whom was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., and came to this county Avith his parentswhen a boy, one of a family of nine children, that were pioneers to this county when it was a wilderness, and cleared the farm where Perry H. now lives ; the father was a man of influence in political and church matters, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Our subject's mother was born in Smithfield township, this county, and her father lived west of Smithfield Centre ; she was a teacher for many years, and a member of the Baptist Church. Perry H. Elsbree, who is fourth in a family of six children, was reared on his father's farm and educated in the common schools of the town. His brother, 794 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Charles, Avas in the Civil War, and proved a good soldier. Mr. Elsbree was married in 1879 to Mary, daughterof J. V. and Roxanna (Watkins) Huff, of Ulster, natives of New Jersey ; her grandfather, Watkins, was a a justice of the peace and a hotel keeper, and was a man of great influence in his time. Mr. and Mrs. Elsbree have had four children, viz.: John Carl, born December 10,1880; Jesse David, born November 11, 1883; Claude Huff, born October 27, 1885 ; Bessie May, born October 25, 1887. Mr. Elsbree is a Republican, has been an auditor of his toAvn, and is a man of fine qualities, highly respected by a large circle of friends. The family are members of the Baptist Church. EPHRAIM W. ELWELL, freight agent of the Lehigh Valley Rail road, Towanda, Avas born in Towanda, July 3, 1845, and is son of William and Mary (Thayer) Elwell. His paternal grandfather was a native of Dutchess county, N. Y., and a pioneer of then orthern portion of this county. He resided at Milltown (now Athens) for nearly fifty years. In later life he removed to Van Etten, N. Y., where he died at the advanced age of ninety-four years. His children were John, Nancy, Prentice, William, Evert, King, Edward and Phebe. The father of our subject Avas born in Athens. He received a good academical education, and taught school several years ; he worked for a time with his father Avho was a carpenter and builder. He studied law under the late Judge Williston, and for thirty years practiced law in the northern counties, residing at Towanda. In 1862 he was elected president judge of the twenty-sixth Judicial District and removed to Bloomsburg, Pa. He was three times elected to that office, and served therein for twenty-five years ; at the age of eighty years, in 1888, he resigned. He was twice married. His first Avife was Miss Clemana ShaAv, by whom he had two children who grew to maturity, fi\z. : William and Clemana (Mrs. P. H. Smith) ; by his second wife, Mary L. Thayer, he had four children who grew to maturity, viz. : Ephraim W., George E., Mary L. (Mrs. N. U. Funk) and Charles P. Ephraim was reared in ToAvanda and Bloomsburg, was educated in the common schools and at Eastman's Business College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. Since 1869 he has been in the employ of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company and has held his present position since 1882. In 1872 he married Harriet M., daughter of William and Catherine Neal of Blooms burg, Pa., and has one daughter living, Katharine N. Mr. Elwell is a member of the Episcopal Church, and politically is a Democrat. JOSEPH M. ELY, furniture manufacturer, Athens, is a native of the city of New York, and since 1868 has been a prominent and active citizen of the borough of Athens. In the ante-bellum days he was a merchant in his native city, and when Fort Sumter was fired on, his vessel, laden with stores, happened to reach a Southern port just in time to be confiscated by the Confederates. He is a son of Joseph M. and Julia A. (Camp) Ely, the former of whom was born in Springfield, Mass., and the latter in Tioga county, N. Y. Joseph M., Sr., went to New York City to take charge of the Polytechnic School of that place and afterward was in the South, engaged in stock raising, and in 1859, came to Athens and established a select high school, and died here in 1873, in his seventy -third year ; his widow survived until 1888, and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 795 died in her eighty-second year. The great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch on the maternal side Avas Captain Asaph Whittlesy, of Revolutionary War fame, who Avas killed at Forty Fort. The great grandfather on the paternal side was Richard Ely, a sergeant in the Revolutionary War. The Elys came originally from Wales, and were among the earliest immigrants into New England. In the family of Joseph M. Ely, Sr., were seven children, of Avhom our subject was the second, and spent his young life in his native city, where he was well grounded in the higher education and prepared to enter Yale College. U| on attaining his legal majority he became junior member of a wholesale grocery house, and successfully conducted this until the breaking out of the late Avar, when he entered the military service and became first corporal of the famous New York Seventh Regiment, National Guards, in the company in which his brother was captain. This organization answered promptly the country's first call for troops. He was in this service one year, and afterward was in the service ¦quite a while at, and after the draft, at the time of the riots in New York. He then became a book-keeper in the New York Continental Bank. In 1868 he came to Athens and engaged in the hay, grain and coal trade until 1884, when he accepted a. position Avith the Athens Furniture Company and is still in their employ. In January, 1870, he married Miss Lizzie, daughter of Robert and Margaret (Grinley) Hinshehvood, natives of Scotland and New York, respect ively. Mr. Hinshelwood was president of the New York Bank Note Company. Both he and his wife -died in New York City. Their family consisted of four children, three living, of whom Mrs. Ely is the eldest. She is a member of the Episcopal Church, and her husband of the Presbyterian Church, and a member of A. F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, Northern Commandery No. 10, Chapter No. — , and is a member of I. O. O. F., Lodge No. 165, and has passed the chairs; a member of the Veteran Association of the Seventh Regiment. He Avas chief of the Athens Fire Department, and organized the same, and was for years one of the active volunteer "fire laddies; " a member of the Excelsior Hose Company, No. 14, New York ; has served in the Athens borough council, and as borough clerk for years ; politically he affiliates with the Republican party, JACOB EMERY, blacksmith, Asylum, was born in Asylum town ship, this county, May 13, 1833, and is a son of Jacob R. and Sarah A. (Ennis) Emery. Jacob Emery came to this town when a boy, and being a blacksmith his son learned the trade of him; he was third in a family of fifteen children; his brother, Levi, Avas a soldier and was killed in the battle of the Wilderness soon after his arrival at the front. Jacob Emery was married June 11, 1854, to Lucy A., daughter of James and Lyda (Merithew) English, and was born January 13, 1837, in Monroeton; her parents were natives of this country, her father be ing one of the pioneers of Albany township and a preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mrs. Emery is the eldest in a family of five children; three of her brothers, Orlardo, William and John, were soldiers in the Civil War. There have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Emery eight ohildren, (seven of whom are living) as follows: Ida, born_October 796 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 13, 1855; Acta L., born April 5, 1857, married to James Warring ; Lucy E., born October 21, 1858, married to Theodore Sluyter ; James R., born April 3, 1860, married to Mary Lewis; Francis O., born December 29, 1862, married to Julia R. Piatt; Mary N., born February 8, 1873, now deceased; Jacob L., born January 23, 1879; Levi E., born Novem ber 8, 1880. Mr. Emery has always been a Republican, but is inde pendent. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he has been a trustee many years. The family are much esteemed by a wide circle of friends and acquaintances. O. ENGLISH, farmer, P. O. Terrytown, was born on Harland Hill, Monroe township, this county, May 25, 1844, and is the son of James and Lydia (Merrithews) English, the former of Avhom was born in Albany, N. Y., and came to this county, locating in New Albany, where he made his residence some time, but afterward removed to Monroe township, where he now resides, a prosperous, practical farmer ; his Avife died in 1851 ; his family consists of five children, all of whom are living. The subject of this sketch Avas reared and edu cated in Monroe township, and has always been a tiller of the soil, at which vocation he has been successful. At the age of twenty-tAvo, in 1867, he married, in Monroe township, Miss Euphame, daughter of Peter and Amanda Aumick, and there was born to them one son, Addison, now sixteen years of age. In 1861 Mr. English enlisted in the Fiftieth P. V. I., and served until the close of the war ; he Avas severely wounded at the battle of Chantilla, Va., at which time heAvas taken prisoner. He was honorably discharged as corporal, and now enjoys a life pension ; he is a member of the G. A. R , and also of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He owns a neat farm of fifty acres, under perfect cultivation, Avith a beautiful house and spacious out buildings, all of which he built recently ; he is a self-made man, respected by his fellow citizens. FREDRICK A. ENNIS, farmer, P. 0. Standing Stone, was born in Standing Stone, July 6, 1848, a son of Alexander Ennis, Avho was born in Sussex county, November 24, 1816, and Avhose father Avas Levi Ennis. a native of Scotland, who came to this country when quite young and married, and had five children : James, Isaac, Sally, Anne (whose first husband was Ross Emory, and her second a Mr. Ayres); Alexander and Westfall; he died in 1857 and his wife in 1868. Alexander Ennis began life on a farm, and purchased of his father 200 acres, and built his house in 1851. In 1837 he managed the old Stand ing Stone Hotel, but soon returned to his farm ; in 1864 he went to Rummerfield, and opened a store and built a hotel ; both were burned in 1866 ; he then built a store near Standing Stone, which he carried on until his death, March 10, 1879 ; was justice of the peace tAventy- one years, and a member of the Masonic Fraternity. He married, in 1837, Eleanor, daughter of Asa and Phoebe (Vought) Stevens, the former of whom Avas one of five children, namely: Murray, Anna Amelia (wife of John M. Long), Fredrick A., Augusta P. (wife of S. W. Vaughan) and Asa S. Mrs. Alexander Ennis died May 12, 1880. Fredrick A., the subject of this sketch, attended the district schools until his nineteenth year, then the Towanda Collegiate Institute a HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 797 year, and was then in the employ of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Com pany, Avhere he remained fourteen years. In 1885 he purchased, from Peter Landmesser, the "Rummerfield Hotel," conducted it two years, and then returned to his farm. He inherited, at his father's death, in 1879, 112 acres of land, his present farm ; he was formerly a mem ber of White Lilly Lodge, No. 808, I. O. O. F., and was tax collector in 1871, and road commissioner in 1885. May 4, 1869, he married Marion L., daughter of Benjamin and Libbie E. (Miller) Ingham. She was the youngest of four children. To this marriage there were born four children, as follows : Alexander, born June 24, 1871; John R., born June 17, 1873, and tAvo children who died in infancy. GEORGE S. ESTELL, salesman, Towanda, was born in Towanda, this county, January 24, 1854, and is a son of George H. and Sophia C. (Peck) Estell. His father was a native of Wyoming county, Pa., and a son of a clergyman, Edward Estell ; he Avas a tailor by trade, and followed that business in Smithfield and Towanda some years; and was also engaged in the hotel business in ToAvanda, and the last eighteen years of his life were spent in Canton, this county, where he was engaged in the clothing business; his first Avife Avas Sophia O, daughter of Hezekiah M. and Ruth C. (Hale) Peck, and a sister of Judge Benjamin M. Peck, by whom he had three children, viz.: Fannie (Mrs. 0. F. Benson), Florence (Mrs. James K. Thomas, deceased), and George S.; his second wife was Mrs. Susan (Arnot) Spalding, of Franklindale, this county. Mr. Estell died June 2, 1885. His son, George S., was reared in Towanda and received an academical educa tion at Owego and Moravia, N. Y. At the age of eighteen he went into the register and recorder's office of Bradford county, Avhere he filled the position of deputy recorder nearly three years. March 4, 1875, he entered the prothonotary's office as cleik, and was in this position four years. January, 1879, he Avas appointed principal deputy prothonotary, which position he held under George W. Blackman four years, and latterly was assistant book-keeper and correspondent for the lumber firm of ShaAv & Co., and since 1887 has followed the occupation of clothing salesman. Mr. Estell married, April 2, 1876, Allenia I., daughter of Asa and Mary J. (Moody) Douglass, of Towanda, and has tAvo children : Mary F. and Stanley D. He is a member of the F. & A. M., and politically he is an Independent- Republican. DAVID T. EVANS, prominent dry-goods merchant, Towanda, was born in Remsen, Oneida Co., N. Y., June 11, 1844, a, son of Thomas T. and Mary L. (Lewis) Evans, natives of Wales, who, in about 1825, came to America and settled in Utica, N. Y. His father after ward located in Remsen and engaged in farming, and in later life removed to Rome, N. Y., where he and his wife resided until they died. David T. Evans was reared in Oneida county, N. Y., educated in the graded schools of Rome, same county, and began life as a clerk in ¦ the dry-goods business. In 1867 he became a member of the dry- goods firm of Williams, Evans & Co., at Rome, N. Y., which partner ship existed three years. In October, 1870, he located in Towanda, where he embarked in the dry-goods and carpet business with Henry 798 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. C. Hildreth, under the firm name of Evans & Hildreth, Avhich partner ship existed until the death of Mr. Hildreth in 1887, since when Mr. Evans has conducted a successful business alone. Mr. Evans was mar ried in 1871 to Alida M., daughter of Col. John W. and Charlotte (Moulton) Phillips, of Syracuse, N. Y., by whom he has two sons : Charles and Walter. Mr. Evans is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics he is a Republican. HENRY EVANS, farmer in Wilmot, P. O. Hollenback, was born May 14, 1838, in Wyoming county, Pa., and is the seventh in the fam ily of eight children of Peter and Julia (Ellis) Evans, the former a native of Wales and the latter of Pennsylvania. He was throAvn upon the world at the age of seven vears, and was obliged to provide for himself thereafter. He enlisted" at Troy, Pa., August 31, 1864, in Com pany A, Two Hundred and Seventh P. V. I., and continued in the regi ment until the battle of Petersburg, when he was thrown from a steamboat, sustaining severe injuries to his back ; he was then taken to East Philadelphia Hospital, where he remained until the close of the Avar. Mr. Evans was married, November 15, 1862, to Miss Olive, daughter of Reuben and Jane (Crawford) Wandell, and they have three children : Schuyler B., born September 15, 1863 ; Reuben W., born November 22, 1870 ; and Emma J., born September 20, 1878. Mr. Evans is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Wilmot Centre, and is a Republican in politics. EDWARD A. EVERITT, physician, Burlington, was born in Dutchess county, N. Y, August 11, 1831, a son of Dr. John and Sarah (Coryell) Everitt, the former a native of Litchfield county, Conn., born of English and Puritan origin ; the latter a native of Nichols, Tioga Co., N. Y., of French descent, a daughter of Judge Emanuel Coryell Of that county, and one of the pioneers, a man of great influence in his time. The great-grandfather Coryell owned a ferry at Trenton, N. J., at the time of the Revolutionary War, and assisted in transfer ring Washington's army across the Delaware. Dr. John Everitt was a physician of note in his time, and belonged to a race of doctors, there hav ing been from one to several in each family among his paternal ancestry as far back as can be traced ; his paternal grandmother had a brother, L. Samuel Elmer, and an uncle, Col. Samuel Elmer, in the Revolution ary War, brave officers, the former of whom was shot dead while giv ing orders ; Grandfather Everitt Avas also a soldier in the Revolution, as was also his brother, who was a steward to Gen. Washington. Our subject Avas educated at Owego Academy, N. Y.; attended lectures at Ann Arbor and Albany Medical College, was graduated from there in 1856, and entered the profession in Burlington in 1857, Avhere he has since enjoyed an extensive and lucrative practice. He has been a dele gate to the American Medical Association, and county physician many years. He has been twice married, first in 1856, to Harriet S. Great- singer, by Avhom he had one daughter and one son ; the latter is Dr. John E. Everitt, a physician practicing at Franklindale, a graduate of the University of New York; the daughter married, May 4, 1882, Alderman T. A. Pugett, of Elmira, N. Y. Mrs. Everitt died"in Decem ber, 1873, and in January, 1875, Mr. Everitt was married to Hattie HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 799 Phelps, of Burlington, who Avas born September 25, 1836, a daughter of Plynn and Lucy (Rice) Phelps, of French descent, natives of Ver mont. He is an active Republican, and has been burgess of the borough several terms ; has been a school director, and held several offices of public trust for the last eight years, and has been the secre tary for that length of time. He takes great pride in being the pos sessor of a fine professional as. well as a general library. MORRIS FAIRBANKS, farmer, P. O. Austinville, was born in Columbia township, this county, August 23, 1834, a son of Samuel and Lois (Willey) Fairbanks, natives of Massachusetts and New Hampshire respectively, who settled in Columbia township in 1822, locating on the farm now OAvned by our subject, which they cleared and improved, adding to it from time to time until they accumulated 250 acres ; here they resided until their death, the father dying on July 20, 1846, aged fifty-eight years, and the mother September 11, 1862, aged sixty- eight ; they were the parents of the folloAving named children : Rosan- nah (Mrs. Nichols Ingersoll), Flavay (Mrs. James Wright), Betsey (Mrs. Albert Judson), Louisa (Mrs. Solomon Judson), George, Harvey, Jane (Mrs. A. B. DeAvitt), Fannie, Charlotte (Mrs. L. C. Edson) and Morris. The subject of this biographical memoir was reared on the old homestead where he resided until he was thirty-five years of age. He was educated in the common schools, and has always been a farmer. He has been a resident of Austinville since April 1, 1870, and in 1871-72 he kept a hardware store there. On March 4, 1862, he married Sarah S., daughter of Harris and Susannah (Mansfield) Soper, of Rutland, Tioga Co., Pa., and they have one son, Harry. Mr. Fairbanks has been a justice of the peace of Columbia township eleven years, and re-elected for a term of five years in February, 1890 ; in 1874 he was treasurer of Columbia township, and in 1876 he was assessor of the same township ; in politics he is a Democrat. A. C. FANNING, one of Troy's leading attorneys, was born in Springfield township, this county, July 25, 1851, and is a son of David and Autis B. (Kennedy) Fanning. His paternal grandparents were Elisha and Betsey (Grace) Fanning, who settled in Springfield toAvn- ship, this county, in 1812, clearing and improving the farm noAv owned by Amos Fanning, on which they lived and died. Elisha Fan ning was a son of Elisha and Mary (Button) Fanning, of Massachusetts. He was twice married, and by his first wife, Betsey (Grace), he had six children: Amanda (Mrs. Stephen Mills); Eliza (Mrs. Ephraim Sar- geant), David, Charlotte (Mrs. John Ward), William J. and Hiram. His second wife was Esther McKean, by whom he had two sons: Amos B. and Luther J. Of his children by his first Avife, David, the father of subject of this sketch, is the only survivor. He was born February 15, 1811, and was reared in Springfield township where he cleared and improved the farm on which he now resides, his wife was a daughter of Alexander Kennedy, of Colorain, Vt., an early settler of Spring field township. He is the father of six children: Betsey (deceased), Melvina (Mrs. M. W. Smith), Amanda (Mrs. J. C. Leonard), Ira S., Melvin D. and Adelbert C. A. C. Fanning was reared on the homestead, and educated at the State Normal School at Mansfield, Avhere he grad- 800 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. uated in 1872, studied law with the Hon. Delos RockAvell, of Troy, and H. W. Patrick, of Athens, and graduated from the Law Department, Michigan University, at Ann Arbor, in 1874, and in September of the same year he was admitted to the bar at Towanda. He immediately began the practice of his profession with H. W. Patrick, of Athens, with whom he was associated nearly a year, and in the fall of 1875 located in Troy where he has been inactive practice. He was married April 16, 1885, to Jennie E., daughter of Edward E. and Louisa (Bal lard) Loomis, of Troy, by whom he has two children: Adelbert Carl and Pauline. Mr. Fanning is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and socially he is a Sir Knight Templar. In politics he is a Republican, and was district attorney of Bradford county from 1881 to 1884. JOHN QUINOY ADAMS FASSETT, farmer, of South Creek township, P. O. Fassett, was born in this county, near Troy, January 29, 1825, a son of Philo and Marion (Wheeler) Fassett, natives of Vermont. The father of Philo was an officer in the army in the Revo lutionary War. Philo Fassett was born March 3, 1787; his wife, Marion, September 25, 1791 ; they removed to this county in 1812, and located near Troy, on what is known as the "Ballard Place;" they Avere very early pioneers, and lived in the vicinity of Troy about thirty years, during which time they were engaged in clearing their farm. They then removed to what is now known as " Fassett, " near the New York State line, where Mr. Fassett purchased a tract of 300 acres, on Avhich there was an abundance of timber, Avhich he manufact ured into lumber ; also kept tavern about twenty years at the same place. The life of Mr. Fassett, like that of other early settlers, was uneventful; he reared ten children, all of whom grew to maturity, and six sons are now living. Our subject who is the seventh in this family, was reared in this county, attended school eighteen months at Elmira, N. Y., and the same time at Cortland, N. Y. He has always confined himself to farming ; has never married, and owns about eighty acres of fertile land ; he has lived in Fassett since 1830. Mr. Fassett is a member of the Baptist Church. ANDREW FEE (deceased).— This gentleman was among Wya- lusing's best known and most highly respected citizens, born in Ballybay, County Monaghan, Ireland. August 14, 1826, a son of Michael and Mar garet (Martin) Fee, natives of the same place. His schooling was lim ited, indeed, but being a constant reader, he acquired a store of knowl edge that made him one of the best versed men on the topics of the times that the county has produced, and he was also a splendid busi ness man. Both Andrew and his father were tailors. The father came to this country, bringing his family, when Andrew Avas fourteen vears old. They located at Merryall, and in 1849 Andre av began for himself in what is now Wyalusing borough. He erected a shop and began a bus iness career here, which ended only with his death. Piis shop-stood on Main street, where he erected the store as it now stands, and there he conducted the merchant tailor business until 1863, when he was appointed revenue-assessor, and held that office until its abolition. In 1852, upon the resignation of Maj. John Taylor, he was commissioned HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 801 postmaster. He Avas connected with this office, almost continuously, until his death. This sad event occurred suddenly, while he was at Avork in his office, March 3, 1885, and was caused by heart disease. He changed the last mail under Arthur's administration, and then sud denly passed over the dark river; he was a diligent Bible student, read ing it through in course. Intensely Presbyterian in hisreligious views, though not a communicant, no one was more active in their support, being an habitual attendant, a liberal contributor, both to church and all other benevolent enterprises ; in business he was scrupulously honest and very methodical, and his death left a void in the community that no other can fill. He was a Mason, in regular standing with the Towanda Lodge, A. Y. M. He was also a member of an Odd Fellows Lodge at LeRaysville ; Avas originally a Whig and afterward a Repub lican, an active politician and of large influence in his vicinity. He was united in wedlock, September 26, 1854, with Deborah A. Morrow, a sister of theiate Judge Morrow, she being the fifth of the children. This union Avas blessed with seven children, viz.: Edward W., postal clerk at Milo, Iowa; Emma L., married to Charles D. Lyon, editor and postmaster at Milo, Iowa; Sallie M., married to Charles L. DeGroff, a merchant of Madilla, Neb.; Mary, a most successful teacher of instru mental music at Milo, Iowa ; Margaret, a student in the Woman's Med ical College of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia ; Eleanor W., married to Charles W. Coburn, of Jefferson Medical College, and Hattie, who died in infancy. After her husband's death, Mrs. Fee took charge of his estate, and showed her good business qualities by increasing the com petence left her, besides rearing and educating her family. The fam ily homestead is beautifully situated in Wyalusing. Mr. Fee embarked in independent life when tAventy-three years old, without other capital than an honest purpose to accomplish a good work, to acquire a good name, and to owe no one ought but true manly esteem, and his prosperity shows, better' than any Avords, his wonderful success. The family are esteemed members of the Presbyterian Church. MARTIN FEE, carpenter and builder, Camptown, Avas born in Ballybay, County Monaghan, Ireland, January 9. 1836, son of Michael and Margaret (Martin) Fee, who were natives of County Monaghan, where his father was born June 24, 1798, and his mother in Sep tember, 1795. Martin Fee's ancestors, both on his father's and mother's side, emigrated from Scotland to Ireland, in early troublous times. They were Presbyterians, and suffered much for the truth's sake. His paternal grandmother was a Jackson, and an aunt of Gen. Andrew Jackson, seventh President of the United States. Martin Fee, therefore, is Scotch-Irish, and descended from a people who have stood up for the truth, and battled for liberty. His parents and fam ily, with the exception of one child, came to America in 1840, and settled in Bradford county ; his father was a merchant tailor, and located in Merryall, where he followed his trade until about 1852, when he purchased a farm, and was engaged in farming until a few years before his death, which occurred October 17, 1876 ; his mother died March 15, 1854. His parents had the following children : Mary, married to John Nesbit, farmer, of Herrick ; Andrew (see sketch); John 802 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. (deceased), who Avas a blacksmith ; James (deceased), Avas a tailor ; Richard, noAv a farmer residing in Nebraska, and Martin. Our subject during his early life, had the advantages of a common-school education, and after reaching his majority attended the Collegiate Institute of Towanda for several terms ; soon after reaching his majority he began teaching, and folio wed that avocation several years, and attended school during vacation. In 1857 he began learning the carpenter's and join er's trade with Steward Bosworth, Avith Avhom he remained three years, and then began contracting for himself, and has combined that business with farming, and followed the same to the present time. His building has been largely in Wyalusing, Herrick and Tuscarora ; but he has done work in Wilkes-Barre, Towanda and Sayre; he has a beautiful location, where he lives, on a farm of thirty acres. He married, July 4, 1864, Martha L. Jones, a daughter of Thomas Jones, Avho was a Welshman, and a prominent farmer of Herrick. Her mother was of English origin. They have a family consisting of the following children: Rosa, born September 22, 1865, now preceptress and teacher in the Collegiate Institute of Towanda ; Seth II., born October 31, 1867, now a clerk in a store, located in Tekamah, Neb.; Grant, born May 16, 1869, a carpenter and joiner, and foreman on building in San Francisco, Cal.; Elam K, born October 1, 1871 ; Emma J., born January 12, 1874; Asa, born October 11, 1876; and Abba Arline, born August 10, 1878, died November 27, 1881. Mr. Fee is a member of the Presbyterian Church of Camptown ; a member of the P. of I., Avery Association No. 3277 ; politically he Avas a Republi can until 1882, when he espoused the cause of the Prohibition party and has since been identified with it. ULYSSES M. FELL, miller, Hornet's Ferry, was born in that town November 28, 1860, the youngest in the family of ten children of Samuel D. and Elizabeth (Kings) Fell, natives of Pennsylvania. Two of his brothers Avere in the war for the Union, Joseph G. as a member of Company C, One Hundred and Forty-First Regiment, P. V. I. ; he served as sergeant-major, was three years in the service, and lost his life at the battle of Gettysburg ; George W. was in the same company and regiment, and was in service to the time of Lee's surrender. Mr. Fell oAvns the flouring mills at Hornet's Ferry, where he is conducting an extensive milling and shipping business; also owns and manages the ferry at that place. Ulysses M. Fell was united in matrimony, January 5, 1887, with Lou J., daughter of AndreAV J. and Etna (Well's) Elliott, natives of Pennsylvania, all of English ancestry. Mr. Fell is a Republican, and takes an active interest in public matters. OLIVER D. FIELD, postmaster, Covert, was born in Delhi, N. Y., August 11, 1826, and is a son of Abiezer and Hannah (Wilbur) Field, natives of Taunton, Mass., who settled in Armenia township, this county, in 1836, and cleared and improved the farm now owned by David Burman and Harry Covert, Avhere the father resided until his death. He was a nephew of Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, of Revolu tionary fame, and his wife, Hannah (Wilber), Avas a grand-niece of the same general, and a direct descendant of the "Mayflower Pilo-rims." Abiezer Field had eleven children, nine of whom grew to maturity, as HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 803 folloAvs : Abiezer, Jr., Christopher, Loretto (Mrs. Nathan Truman^, Calista (Mrs. James Lyon), Phineas, Oritha (Mrs. Harry Covert), Adeline (Mrs. John Youmans), Oliver D. and George. Oliver D. Field Avas reared in Armenia township from ten years of age. Since attaining his majority he has always been a tax payer in the township, though for ten years he was a resident of the State of New York. He Avas in the Civil War, having enlisted April 27, 1862, in Company C, Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, and served three years, when he Avas honorably discharged as sergeant of the company. Mr. Field has been twice married, first time to Agnes F., daughter of Timothy and Nancy (Wilson) Randall, of Armenia township, and by her he had seven children : Emma J. (Mrs. S. L. Sherman), Agnes (Mrs. George Vanness). Mary (Mrs. Frank Harding), Hannah (Mrs. Abner D. Ran dall), Adeline, Burdette and Wilson. His second marriage was with Mrs. Volucia (Randall) Rogers, sister of his first wife. Mr. Field has been an ordained minister of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, thirty years. In politics he is a Republican, has served one term as auditor of Bradford, and has been postmaster of Covert since May, 1891. IRA FINCH, of Windham township, farmer and stock-grower, P. O. Windham. This is one of the leading farmers in Windham town ship, where he was born December 13, 1839 and is a son of James and Lucia (Johnson) Finch, natives of NeAV York and Connecticut, re spectively. James, whose parents were CeleyandRoxanna(Mead)Finch, Avas a farmer and mill oAvner, who came to Bradford in 1835 and located in Windham toAvnship, and Avas soon known as a leading, enterprising citizen, and by his industry and thrift became the owner of 400 acres of highly improved land, on which he was residing at the time of his death, Avhich occurred in the year 1876. His good wife, the mother of his children, was tenderly laid by his side in the year 1883; she was adaugh- ter of Parley and Lucia (Webster) Johnson. To them Avere born seven children, five of whom survi\re. They Avere as follows : Adelia, who died in infancy; Lucia, a school teacher, died in her sixteenth year, in Windham; Harriet, Avho was also a teacher, married Mr. Vaness of New York; Ira, our subject; Porter, Avho is practicing law in Humboldt, Iowa; John, a farmer in Windham, and George, also a farmer, in Windham, and a practical surveyor for many years. The subject of this sketch grew to manhood on" the old family homestead, receiving the rudiments of a good English education in the district schools, and commenced life on his oAvn account as a farmer and raiser of improved domestic animals. He received more than the average school advantages by attending the academy of Reelsville and Owego, and learned the art and science of practical surveyor. After the death of his parents he purchased the interest of the other heirs in the real estate, and has aded thereto, and in every respect greatly improved the same, and it is now one of the most valuable homesteads in the township. When a young man he taught school several winter terms, and at the same time read law, and afterward entered a law office and regularly pursued that study, and was admitted to practice. He intended to go West and engage in the practice of laAv with his brother Parley, who had also been admitted, but the parents pleaded for at least 804 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. one of the two to remain at the old home and this lot fell to Ira, which permanently fixed him on the old homestead, while his brother Avent to Humboldt, Iowa, and engaged in the law practice, and has met with brilliant and very flattering success. Mr. Ira Finch is a Mason who has passed the chairs of the Lodge, and has been repre sentative to the Grand Lodge, New York, on two occasions, 1884 and 1885. His home Lodge is at Nichols, N. Y. He is a member of the Democratic party, a gentleman of much culture and well read in the best literature of his time ; was at one time the Democratic nominee for prothonotary of the county, and was only defeated by the large party majority arrayed against him. Y"et he has never been a politician, and votes as he believes to be the best interests for himself and his fellow citizens. He has filled the offices of election commissioner, member of the Board of Elections, and is a justice of the peace. But his especial pride is his farm and its splendid herds of Jerseys, Alderneys and Shorthorns, also Southdown sheep, and thoroughbred horses, both roadsters and draught horses. The family rank among the very first in the countv, have a wide circle of acquaintances and hosts of friends. E. G. FITCH & CO., furniture manufacturers, Athens. E. G. Fitch is a native of Delaware county, N. Y., and was born April 28, 1843, a son of Cyrus and EATaline (Eells) Fitch, natives of New Canaan, Conn., who removed to New York Avhen quite young. Cyrus Fitch Avas a farmer, and died in Athens in January, 1886 ; Evaline Fitch died in Delaware county, N. Y., in 1852. E. G. Fitch is the youngest in a family of nine children. In 1870 he engaged in the hardware business of Fitch & Kinney, present firm. In 1885 he erected buildings and began the manufacture of furniture. He was married in Delaware county, N. Y., December 27, 1866, to Miss Emma J., daughterof John P. and Polly (Wakeman) St. John, natives of Delaware county, N. Y. Mrs. Fitch is the elder of two children. To this union have been born three daughters, viz.: Florence E., Cora S. and Eunice C. They are members of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Fitch enlisted in the army, August 12, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Forty-fourth, N. Y. V. L, and served until the close of the Avar. He is a member of the G. A. R., Perkins Post, No. 202, and is a Republican. He is one of the prominent leading and public-spirited citizens of Athens. An account of his factorv will be found on page 425. CORNELIUS FITZGERALD, farmer, of Terry township, P. O. Marsh View, was born in County Limerick, Ireland, March 4, 1804, and is a son of John Fitzgerald, a farmer, who by reason of high rent and landlord oppression Avas forced to send some of his family to the " land of the free and the home of the bi&ve ; " he reared a family of thirteen children, seven of whom grew to maturity. Cornelius being the eldest came with some of the younger members of the family to this country, landing at Castle Garden, New York, in 1835. Mr. Fitzgerald worked on public works several years, each year adding to what he had saved the previous year. In 1837 he married Miss Margaret Henchey, a native of Limerick, with whom he had been acquainted in their native country ; by this marriage there Avere born to them eight children, five of whom grew to maturity, but two only HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 805 survive, Thomas and Mary. Thomas married Miss Mary Burke, by Avhom he had six children: John, Nellie, Maggie, Cornelius, Martin and Mary ; Mary Avas married to James Burke, a brother of Thomas' wife, and they have five children: John, Cornelius, Maggie, Nellie and James. In 1840 Mr. Fitzgerald removed to Terry township, where he purchased 100 acres of land on which he built a house ; in those days there was game in abundance ; their nearest point to mill was French- town or Monroeton, five or eight miles distant, respectively. He labored hard to improATe his farm, and succeeded, for in twenty years after his settlement on his first 100 acres he bought 200 acres more, all of which he noAv owns. He is a farmer on a large scale; his son Thomas is the head farmer and takes the chief management of affairs ; he lives with his father. The principal business is stock raising and dairying, as well as mixed farming. Both he and his son are Demo crats, and members of the Catholic Church. DANIEL FLEISHER, principal of the public schools, Troy, was born near Newport, Perry Co., Pa., September 22, 1852, a son of Jacob and Mary (Clouser) Fleisher. His paternal grandfather was George, son of John Fleisher, of German descent, and aU were farmers of Perry county, Pa. Our subject was reared in his native county, edu cated in the public schools, Bloomfield Academy and Lafayette and Pennsylvania colleges, and was graduated from the latter, at Gettys burg, in 1880, and also graduated in a special course in 1888, receiving Ph. D. degree by examination in same college. In 1880 he organized a select school in Newport, Pa., known as Newport Academy, which he taught four years, and in 1884 was elected principal of the Troy graded school, which position he has since held Avith credit to himself and the school. His career as a teacher began when he was eighteen years of age, when he taught two years in the public schools of Plymouth, Pa., one year as principal of the public school of Liverpool, and was assistant in the Bloomfield Academy one and one-half years. Prof. Fleisher married, May 10, 1881, Mrs. Anna (Power) Fleisher, of Landisburg, Pa., a daughter of William Power. He is a member of the Lutheran Church ; is a Royal Arch Mason, and politically he is a Republican. DAVID T. FLEMING, farmer, P. O. Herrick, Avas born in County Donegal, Ireland, in 1837. His father, John Fleming, Avho was born in the same place, married Mary Taylor, and they had six children, viz.: Mary, first Avife of R. Warnook ; Margaret, wife of S. Best; David T.; Isabel, second wife of R. Warnock ; Fannie, Avife of C. Kyle, and John, a .machinist in Washington, D. C. The father came to this country in 1848, and Avorked on a farm one year, when he died from the effects of a sun stroke; his Avidow survived him eleven years, dying in 1865. David T. Fleming was educated in Ireland, and came to this country in his twentieth year. He worked one year With Daniel Durand, then went to Wilmot township, and worked three years, then, in 1862, he purchased from George C. Atwood 105 acres of land, of Avhich, in 1865. he sold fifty acres to J. H. Hurst, and same year he purchased from Ste\Arart Harris sixty-six acres adjoining his other property. He erected his present house in 46 806 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1879-80, and 1886, and erected his barn in 1883. He has always been a successful man; was a member of Herrick Grange, is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics is Independent. He married in 1868," Margaret Jane Taylor, eldest in the family of nine children of William and Mary (McDougal) Taylor ; and they have had four children: Mary, who died in her fourteenth year; Fannie Elizabeth, a school teacher, Anabel and William (latter deceased). This is one of the highly respected famflies of Bradford county. B. FRANK FLETCHER, farmer, of East Smithfield township, P. O. Hoblet, was born January 20, 1847, a son of Stephen F. and Rhoda (Scouten) Fletcher, natives of this county. His grandfather was one of the pioneers of Smithfield. Our subject, who is one of a family of eight children — six boys and two girls — was reared on the farm and educated in the schools of the township. He was married September 21, 1876, to Juliaett Rumsey, of Tioga county, Pa., born August 8, 1847, and there have been born to them three children, as follows : Velma M., born April 23, 1881 ; E. Pearl, born August 4, 1882, and Maud, born June 11, 1884. Mr. Fletcher has accumulated a nice property by industry and economy, and is now the owner of a fine farm of eighty acres under a good state of cultivation ; his prin cipal interests are dairying and stock raising. He is a Republican in politics, and takes an active interest in the affairs of the town and county. Mrs. Flether had three brothers in the Civil War: Sobrine K., Horace K. and Artemus, all of whom saw a good deal of hard service. JOHN P. FLETCHER, postmaster, Troy, was born in Smithfield township, this countv. June 9, 1813,, a son of Stephen F. and Rhoda (Scouten) Fletcher. His paternal grandfather, Jabez Fletcher, whose parents came to this country from England, was born in East Haddam. Mass., in 1783, and in 1811 moved to East Smithfield, this county, where he cleared and improved a farm, and resided until his death, Avhich occurred in April, 1847, when he was aged sixty-four years ; his wife was Naomi Pettibone, by whom he had eight children : David, Jacob, Stephen, John, James, Sylvia (Mrs. Uriah Williams), Almira (Mrs. Abram Kniffin) and Charlotte (Mrs. Abram Estman). The father of the subject of these lines Avas born in Smithfield township in 1816, and still resides there, where he cleared and improvedafarm ; his wife was a daughter of Abram Scouten. of Delaware, and by her he had ten children: John P., Scouten, B. Franklin, Jabez G., Alfred E., David O, Charles, Viola (Mrs. Madison Sargeant), Elizabeth (Mrs. S. Ross) and Ella. Our subject was reared in Smithfield township, receiving a common-school education, and in 1866 he embarked in the grocery business at Hornellsville, N. Y., in which he continued there until 1867, when he removed to Troy, Pa., where he served in the capacity of clerk in a dry-goods store until April, 1S90, when he was appointed postmaster at Troy, which position he now holds. Mr. Fletcher married, in October, 1871, Polly, daughter of Guernsey and Jane Blakeslee, of Troy township, and by her he has three children : Cora B., Grace B. and John G. He is a member of the Methodist HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 807 Episcopal Church, and socially is a Sir Knight Templar. In politics Mr. Fletcher has always been an active Republican, and has frequently been honored with public positions of trust. Since living in Troy, this county, he has held the honorable position of school director for the borough of Troy for four years, and was treasurer of the Troy School Board three years. In 1888 he was chosen by the county con vention a delegate for western Bradford to the Republican State Con vention held at Harrisburg. In 1890 he was appointed postmaster at Troy borough, and has proved himself to be an honest and efficient officer. All these positions of honor and trust haATe come to Mr. Fletcher by merit, for he has ever been an honest, enthusiastic, hard worker for his party's interests. Any success he may have attained through life is due to his own personal efforts, and his success is deservedly earned. WILLIAM H. FLORY, foreman of the erecting department^. V. R. R. machine shops, Sayre, is a native of Northampton county, Pa., born February 23, 1849, a son of Jacob and Margaret (Eyer) Flory, ' natives of Northampton county, Pa, The father Avas a mechanic, and died in Scranton in 1882, in his sixty-fourth year; the mother is now a resident of Sayre and is in her seventy-third year. William H. Flory, who is the fourth, in order of birth, in a family of eight children, Avas reared in Williamsburg, Northampton county, until he was seven years of age when the family removed to Scranton, where he received his education in the public schools of Scranton, and then clerked in a store several years. In 1866 he began an apprenticeship at the machinist trade at the Delaware, Lackawanna .& Western Shops, Scranton, where he worked until 1872, and then Avent to Sus quehanna and worked in the machine shops there until September, 1880, when he came to Sayre and took charge of the link-motion gang, and was promoted to his present position in July, 1889. Mr. Flory was married in Scranton, January 4, 1871, to Miss Mary M., daughter of John and Maria (Mans) Paul, natives of Lorraine, France; she was born May 30, 1848.) To Mr. and Mrs. Flory were born four children, one of whom died in infancy, the others were : Burton P., Lula M. (deceased) and Jennie G. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is a member of the Patriotic Sons of Ameri- ica, Iron Hall and Royal Arcanum. He is a Republican, and has served three years as school director in the Independent district, and is also a member of the borough council and of the school board. THOMAS F. FOLEY, deputy sheriff, Towanda, was born in Athens (old Tioga Point), this county. February 4, 1868, and is a son of Patrick M. and Catherine (Doran) Foley, the former of whom Avas a native of County Waterford, Ireland, and in early life came ta> America, settling in Athens, where he followed carpentering until his death, Avhich occurred March 16, 1870 ; his wife was a native of Athens, and a daughter of John Doran, who Avas among the early pioneers of Athens, coming from Ireland. Patrick M. Foley reared a family of seven sons and one daughter, as follows: Maurice (a contractor), John, William, Michael (a Catholic priest in the Pittsburgh diocese), Matthew, Patrick, Thomas F. and Mary. Of these Thomas F. was reared in 808 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Athens and was educated in the public schools, where he graduated, taking the first prize in the speaking contest, February 24, 1885, and in the county contest again took the first prize, in 1886. In 1888 he entered the office of H. F. Maynard as a law student, and continued as such until his appointment as deputy sheriff of Bradford county, January 5, 1891, which official position he now fills, and his personal popularity, although one of the youngest men holding such an office, has caused him to be one of the popular county officials ; he is a stanch Democrat. JAMES A. FOLLETT, Windham township, P. O. Nichols, N. Y., a leading farmer of Windham township, was born in Pittstown, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., October 9, 1823 ; his parents, William and Maria (Hunt) Foilett, Avere natives of New York, of English descent, and were agriculturists ; his father is still active and vigorous, at the green old age of ninety-four years, living in Cayuga countv, N. Y.; his mother died in 1886, at the age of eighty-eight. James.who was the second in their family of nine children, grew to manhood in his native county, learned the photographer's art, and followed same about tAvelve years, at first traveling, and then opened a gallery in Owego, which he con ducted for eight years, but owing to a difficulty of the eyes, he abandoned that business and commenced farming in this county, in 1883, and is now the owner of a fine farm of 105 acres, well improved. In 1850, he married, in Warren toAvnship, Eliza, daughterof Nehemiah and Sarah (Williams) Coburn, natiA'es of NeAV York. They have one child, Adelbert, an employe in the asylum at Binghamton. Politically Mr. Foilett is in sympathy with the Republican party. ANDREW D. FORBES, miller, Wysox. Avas born in Sheshequin, March 2, 1841, a son of William and Rozina (Forbes) Forbes, natives of Pennsylvania and of German origin. His grandfather was Arnest Forbes, and his great-grandfather was John C. Forbes, from whom descended the American branch. John C. Forbes, when a boy, was induced to go on board a vessel, under the supposition that it v\rould land a short distance aAvay on the German coast, but it carried him to America, where he landed about 1777, by Avhich disposition he was deprived of his inheritance, but Avould not return, and being very eccentric he seldom said much concerning his family and experience. Andrew D. Forbes, the subject of this sketch, spent his boyhood on the farm and attended the common schools ; at nineteen he appren ticed himself to R. S. Barnes, of Rome, to learn the miller's trade. On June 17, 1863, he enlisted at Harrisburg in the "Luzerne Rangers," an independent division. Having the typhoid fever Avhile in the army he was in no engagements, and Avas discharged at the expiration of his time, August 27, 1863. From 1864 to 1867 he worked at his trade in Monroe, and soon after re-engaged with R. S. Barnes, with whom he remained ten years; then Avas in Dayton's mills, Towanda, two and one-half years. He purchased his present place of business in 1883, and has one of the finest water-powers in Bradford county, the Hun garian process of grinding being used, to which he will add the roller process, present season. Besides his manufacturing interests he has a large wholesale and retail trade in flour, feed, grain, etc. Mr. Forbes HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 809 was married December 24, 1864, to Mervil, daughter of John and Jerusha (Miles) Cannan, natives of Pennsylvania, and two children have been born to them : Fred W., born February 4, 1868, died March 15, 1888, and Stella, born November 18, 1875. Mr. Forbes is a mem ber of the F. & A.M. and of the G. A. R. Post at Rome; in politics he is a Republican. FREDERICK FOSTER, farmer, of ToAvanda township, P. O. North ToAvanda, Avas born in North Towanda township, this county, April 2, 1846, and is a son of William 11. and Miltilda (Alloway) Fos ter. His great-grandfather, Isaac Foster, with two sons, Abial and Rufus, came to what is noAv North Towanda in 1784, taking up 100 acres of land. Isaac cleared a part of it, but being a mechanic gave more attention to manufacturing spinning wheels than to tilling the sod. Abial and Rufus also took up 100 acres of land each, but added aftenvard to the original grant. Abial, the paternal grandfather of Frederick Foster, settled on the farm now OAvned by Frederick and E. H. Horton. He was a stirring business man ; besides attending to his farming he erected a sawmill on the site of "Myers' Mills," and later the first gristmill on Sugar creek, and was also interested in mills near the Pail Factory. He did an extensive business in lumber ing, milling and farming in his younger days, but in his later life gave his entire attention to farming. His wife was Mary Means, by Avhom he had children as follows: Betsey (Mrs. Major Gerould); Samuel B.; Sarah B.; Nancy (Mrs. Judson Gerould); Electa (Mrs. Wheelock Bingham) ; Polly (Mrs. Elijah H. Horton) ; Alenda (Mrs. Owen Campbell); William H. and Jane (Mrs. George Upright). Of these William H., the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in North Towanda, where he spent his life in farming; he diedsuddenly in 1879, at the age of sixty-four years; his children were as follows: Celinda (Mrs. James Foster), Frederick; Helen (Mrs. David Lindley); Jeanette (Mrs. Charles Cash); Irene (Mrs. Charles Havens). Frederick was reared in his native township, receiATed a common-school educa tion, and has always followed farming. He was married, January 18, 1871, to Emma, daughter of David and Sally (Rundell) Newell, of Sheshequin township, by whom he had six children: Harry (deceased), Lula, Hattie, James (deceased), Eva and Nettie C. Mr. Foster is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics. is a Republican. GEORGE H. FOX, farmer, P. O. Towanda, was born in Towanda, this county, March 2, 1840, and is a lineal descendant of the notable first settler in Bradford county, Rudolph Fox, who was of the Palatines, and came down from their settlement in New York, in company with one, Peter Shuefelt. Mr. Fox settled at the mouth of Towanda creek, and Shuefelt followed on down the river. The experiences of -Rudolph Fox and his family in their struggles for life in the wilderness — braving disease, the wild woods, the wild beasts, the men and the invading armies in their pitiless marauds along this beautiful valley — is one of the unwritten stories, in its simple recital, that exceeds fiction. This pioneer, Rudolph Fox, was the great-grandfather of George H., whose parents Avere John M. and Elvira A. Fox ; the latter, the daughter of Samuel and Lucretia (Wooster) Beard, of Connecticut. John M. Fox 810 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. was born on the old family homestead farm, noAv owned and possessed by his son George, the only surviving son of the family ; his brother Charles Avas born October 16, 1837, and died at the age of eighteen. This noted old homestead was once known as a part of "Fox Chase;" it comprises 200 acres and is one of the valuable farms in the county, and its present proprietor, George H. Fox, is not only the largest raiser of tobacco, but is rrally the father of that important industry in the valley. He is a Republican, and has the entire respect of all Bradford county people as a leading, representative and public-spirited citizen. JOHN A. FOX, of Towanda township, P. O. Rienzi, is a descendant of the first permanent white settler in what is now Bradford county. There is much said in the general history of the first settlers in this volume, and to this the reader is referred, as there is no family name in the county that is in itself more replete with the story of the trials and sufferings, as well as the endurance and heroism, of the advance pioneers, than that of the Fox family. They Avere of the Palatines, who came to New York, from there to the upper Delaware river, fol lowed the streams and, crossing the portages, finally looked upon this beautiful land of the Susquehanna. John A. Fox is a son of William and Ellen (Barnwell) Fox, who reside on their farm in Terry town ship, and who reared a family of five children, as follosvs : John A., Richard, Mary, William, Jr., and Ellen. The subject of this sketch, who, it will be seen is the eldest, was reared in Wyalusing, attended the common schools, was a student in the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and then in Lafayette College. Since attaining his majority he has been engaged in the hay, grain and produce trade, and has met with well-merited success. He is at present assessor of Terry township, secretary of the school board, and secretary and treasurer of the County School Directors Association. He is the patentee of some valuable inven tions in mechanism. At the general election in 1890 he was an Inde pendent candidate for county commissioner, and was announced as such only toward the end of the campaign, and with his name on none of the regular party organization tickets, yet was defeated by but a small majority, and this in the face of the fact that at some of the polls it was not known that he Avas a candidate. Politically, he is an outspoken Democrat. WILLIAM FOYLE, a prominent member of the Bradford county bar, was born in Herrick township, this county, August 31, 1847, a son of John and Mary (Fogarty) Foyle, natives of Kilkenny, Ireland, who came to America in 1832, locating in Maine one and a half years, and later resided in New York six years, where the father was engaged in the construction of the Croton Water-works. About 1840 they set tled in Herrick township, this county, and engaged in farming; both parents were born in 1808, and both died in 1878, the father in Novem ber, and the mother in December. William Foyle was reared in his native county, and educated at Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda, and St. Bonaventure's College, Allegany, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. He read law with Elhanan Smith and William and Benjamin M. Peck ; was admitted to the bar March 16, 1870, and has been in active practice since. He married, September 10, 1872, Ella, daughte HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 811 of Thomas and Isabel (Lackey) Fitzgerald, of Wyalusing, Pa., and has two children, William T. and Charles E. Mr. Foyle was a law partner of T. McPherson, Esq., and also of the late H. W. Patrick. He has been concerned in some of the heaviest litigation in the courts during his practice at the Bradford county bar. He taught in the public schools before his admission to the bar. Mr. Foyle has been engaged in no other business but the practice of his profession. GEORGE W. FRANKLIN, proprietor of the Franklin Blue Stone Quarries, P. O. Quarry Glen, was born in Philadelphia, February 3, 1866, and is a son of John J. ahd Julia (Heppard) Franklin, also natives of Philadelphia, the former a lineal descendant of Benjamin Franklin ; his father was an attorney. George W. Franklin was educated in the \yard schools of Philadelphia, and, quitting the school room at the age of fourteen years, he entered upon his business career, first as a journeyman in a cloth house, then commenced to travel when only fifteen years old, for his father, selling artificial stone. The firm was known as the Franklin Artificial Stone Company, but their plant being destroyed by fire, young Franklin then entered the employment of John A. Jackson & J. 0. Blair, paper manufacturers, of Philadelphia, as traveling salesman, and remained with them about five years, Avhen he accepted a position as traveling salesman for George F. Brown, paiSer manufacturer, New York City, remaining with him until 1889, Avhen he commenced operating the Blue Stone Quarries in Sheshequin township, this county. His line of travel was from Boston to Omaha, throughout twenty-two States. His father owns the farm on which the quarry is located, and leases the quarry to the Franklin Blue Stone Company, which consists of George W. Franklin and J. D. Morris, only. Mr. Franklin is a member of the I. O. O. F., Lodge No. 15, Philadelphia, and politically is a Republican. JOHN FRAWLEY, farmer, P. O. Overton. This gentleman, who is one of the prominent farmer citizens of Overton township, was born in Ireland, a son of James and Bridget (Sullivan) Frawley, of County Limerick; the family came to America in 1840; the father died in Overton in 1880, and the mother in 1881. John Frawley was born in 1844, and has worked his way in life successfully, with no other aids than what nature gave him, added to the worthy precepts and examples of his poor but eminently respectable parents. He is the possessor of a valuable farm of 140 acres in Overton township. He was married in Elmira, N. Y., to Mary, daughter of John and Mar garet (Wolf) Pickley, also natives of Limerick, Ireland, and to this union the following children were born: Thomas E., Timothy H., Margaret E., John P., Mary A., Catherine J., Annie T. and Joseph D. The family worship at the Catholic Church, of which they are faithful adherents. As a family they bear the love and respect of a wide circle of friends and acquaintances.. Mr. FraAvley has filled the offices of school director and road commissioner, and has a warm place in his heart for the Democratic party. J. W. FRAZER was born June 3, 1846, a son of Hugh S. and Caroline (Scovill) Frazer. He was born and raised on a farm, and educated in the common schools and academies of Wyalusing and 812 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. CamptoAvn. On reaching his majority he began life for himself, and located in Scranton, Avhere he entered the employ of a sewing machine company, and was Avith them about one year ; then engaged in the sewing machine business on his own account, and has followed that calling ever since, doing business both in Elmira, and Williamsport. He finally returned to Wyalusing and located on his farm, within one- half mile of his boyhood's home. He was united in marriage June 8, 1869, with Amelia S., daughter of Christian and Deborah A. (Yancise) Bartholomew, the youngest in a family of three children. This union has been blessed with one child, Lena V. Mr. Frazer is still engaged in the sewing-machine business, and is proprietor of the Mountain Cottage Summer Resort, which he has built on his place since his return, and which is beautifully located about throe miles from Wyalusing, in the midst of grand scenery and the finest fishing in the State. It is crowded with guests during the season, every one speak ing in high praise of their host and hostess. Mr. Frazer is a Repub lican, and an active politician. N. S. FRAZER, farmer and stock grower, Wyalusing, was born in Wyalusing, Bradford Co., Pa., January 6, 1843, a son of II. S. and Caroline (Scovill) Frazer, the former of whom died in 1889, aged eighty-two years, and the latter in 1883, aged seventy-seven years. H. S. Frazer Avas born in Clearfield county, Pa., came to Bradford in 1833, and entered mercantile business near Hornet's Ferry ; after several years he removed to where N. S. Frazer now resides, and began farming, where he remained until his death. Mr. and Mrs. II. S. Frazer had a family of live children, viz.: Jennie (married to William Chamberlain, a farmer of Wyalusing) ; Nettie (married fo D. O. Holland, of North Towanda) ;* N. S.; J. W. (a farmer of Wyalusing) ; Sarah (married to A. B. Smith, a farmer, of Southport, N. Y.): N. S. Frazer, the subject of this sketch, was born and reared on the farm where he now resides, and was educated in tho common schools and at the Collegiate Institute of Towanda; he gradu ated when twenty-one and entered the law office of Mercur & Morrow Avhere he read law. When ready for admission to the bar he was called home by the failing health of his parents, and, sacrific ing his ambition for their comfort, gave up his careor in law and took charge of the old homestead, and has been engaged in agricultural pursuits to the present. In 1884 he opened a summer resort which was very popular ; after about four years tho building was burned, but he rebuilt much larger and better, and in 1890 the beautiful place was filled Avith people from the large cities seeking rest and pleasant scenery ; in March, 1891, however, the building, together with the large barn and all the out-buildings wore entirely consumed by fire, with all the contents; within tAvo years he has twice lost everything by fire, yet, with unflagging energy, he pursues his way toward success in preparing to rebuild for the third time. Mr. Frazer ivas united in wedlock, July 3, 1883, with Lizzie Benjamin, daughter of Dr. Benjamin, of Dushore, and this union has boon blessed with one child, Carrie. Mr. Frazer is a Republican in politics, and has hold HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 813 the office of justice of peaoe many years, besides many other town ship offioes. WALTER II. FRENCH, United States Claim Agent, and notary publio, Athens, is a native of Sheshequin, this county, born May 19, 1847, son of Walter and Sarah (Rogers) French, natives of this county; the father was a farmer, and died in Sheshequin in August, 1890, aged seventy -seven years ; the mother died in 1864 in her fifty -third year, Walter H. French who is the sixth in a family of ten children, remained on the farm with his father until he was fifteen, when, responding to the call of his country, he enlisted, September 19, 1862, in Company D, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, under Gen. Sheridan's command. He was wounded in his forty-seventh regular engagement, at Front Royal, Va., August 16, 1864, and about sundown that evening his leg was taken off by a shell and his horse killed at the same time. He was put in an ambulance and taken to Winchester, a distance of seventeen miles, where he was captured the next morning, August 17, and was re-captured at Winchester, September 19, 1864, and put in a lumber wagon and taken to Martinsburg and from thore by rail to Baltimore, to tlie hospital, where he remained three months. He was then taken to the hospital in York, Pa., where he was kept three weeks, and then taken to the hospital and school, corner of Sixteenth and Filbert streets, Philadelphia, wnioh he attended as a soldier three years, when he obtained the position of cashier and book-keeper in a store in Phila delphia. Remaining there six months, he returned home and taught school three years. He was first married in Sheshequin, in 1872, to Miss Henrietta, daughter of Louis and Nancy (Holcomb) Russell, natives of this county (she Avas the seoond in a family of three children). To this union were born two ohildren: Eugene (deceased) and Howard E. Mrs. Henrietta French died in 1881, and in 1887 Mr. French married, in Athens, Miss Gertrude II., daughter of AndreAv Y. and Milly (Drake) VanSioe, natives of this county (she is the third in a family of four ohildren, and was born in Rome township in 1862). To Mr. and Mrs. Frenoh was born one son, Andrew. Mr. French has been recognized as a claim agent by the Government since 1875, although not practicing until the spring of 1890 ; Avas appointed notary publio in June, 1890 ; he is commander of Perkins Post, No. 202, G. A. R., and also a member of the Union Veteran Legion, No. 28, and the Union Veteran Union of Sayre. He was in Sheridan's famous ride from Culpeper to Rich mond, and from there to Yorktown, the distance of 160 miles being ridden in forty-eight hours. Mr. French is a Republican, and Avas constable and collector in Sheshequin toAvnship from 1872 to 1875. The account of his Avar experience, at the time lie lost his leg, is so thrilling, that we here give it in his own language : " When I Avas recaptured at Winchester, September 19, 1864, the hospital I was in Avas looated on Main street, through which the rebels ran, after being routed by the Union Army. Sheridan shelled them as they were running "through the toAvn, three oannon balls passing through the hospital, one within a foot of my head, which knocked me senseless for a time, passing through another room where another wounded soldier lay, cutting his bunk and even the sheet in two, and throwing him out 814 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. on the floor, without seriously injuring him. My company stopped Avhen passing through the town after the rebels, and Amos Congdon, a member of my company, went out and brought the shell in that passed so close to my head." ABRAHAM FRIES, farmer, P. O. Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Wells township, this county, August 28, 1841, a son of James and Sophia (Besley) Fries; his paternal grandparents, James and Margaret (Cool) Fries, formerly of New Jersey and of Presbyterian stock, settled in Wells township, this county, in 1837, partially cleared and improved a farm and died there ; their children were Anna (Mrs. Dennis Lewis), Margaret (Mrs. Renselear Wolfe), Elizabeth, Jacob, James, Mary J. (Mrs. Bassett), Martin, David (on the old homestead) and Lydia (Mrs. Bascom Taylor). Of these James partially cleared a farm in Wells township, and died there; his wife was the daughter of Oliver and Rhoda (Westbrook) Besley, pioneers of Columbia township, and by her he had one son, Abraham. The subject of this memoir was reared on a farm in Columbia township, from seven years of age, by his uncle. Jacob Fries, who cleared several farms in Columbia town ship, where he resided about forty-five years. He is a member of the Baptist Church and in politics is a Democrat. Abraham Fries has always been engaged in farming, and is one of the representative agriculturists of the township. He married, in 1862, Margaret, daughter of Peter and Barbara (Gernert) McClelland, of Columbia township, by whom he has two children : Katie (Mrs. Ransom Cor nell) and Cora Blanche. Politically Mr. Fries is a Democrat. ADDISON C. FRISBIE, farmer and stock grower, Orwell, was born October 20, 1829, on the farm he now occupies, son of Zebulon Frisbie, who was born on the same farm July 4, 1801, a son of Levi Frisbie, who was born in Connecticut. Levi Frisbie married Phoebe Gaylord, of Connecticut, and immigrated to Bradford county, locating where A. C. Frisbie resides. He was the first to open a tanyard in this section ; he was a man of splendid physique, of pleasing and engaging manners, making many friends, and at the time of his death he owned about 212 acres. Zebulon Frisbie was the youngest in the family, and learned his father's trade of tanner, and with his brother, Chauncy, succeeded to his father's business, Avhich they finally sold, and engaged in farming. He was married December 4, 1828, to Polly Goodwin, a daughter of Warren Goodwin, of Connecticut, and had the following children : Addison C. (born October 20, 1829), Warren R. (born August 31, 1831, died September 15, 1865), William L. (born March 26, 1834), Chauncy M. (born November 29, 1839), Ruby H. (born June 15, 1843, married to Edward Boardman), Orin G. (born June 8, 1845, died December 5, 1847), Emily P. (born October 1, 1847, died February 20, 1849), Mary E. (born October 6, 1849), Olin G. (born February 20, 1852). The father was a member of the Presbyterian Church and an elder. Politically he was a Whig and Republican, and Avas a justice of the peace many years, also associate Judge, and stood high as an official. He died August 29, 1881, and his loss was sorely felt in all sections of the county. Addison C. Frisbie passed his boyhood on his father's farm, receiving an academical education, and when seventeen HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 815 years old he engaged as a clerk in a store until 1857, when he went to Carbondale, where he was a prostrated by sickness, from which he recovered in 1859. He Avas in a similar employ at Orwell Hill, Avhere he remained until 1864 ; then moved to LeRaysville, and engaged in mercantile business on his own account, remaining until 1867 ; then went to Orwell Hill, and with G. C. Frisbie conducted a store, and with different partners was merchandising until 1879, when he sold and removed to ToAvanda, having been elected in 1878 register and recorder of Bradford county, ably serving the people three years. In March, 1882, he removed to the old Frisbie homestead, where he has since resided. He was united in marriage October 17, 1855, with N. N. Newell. To Mr. and Mrs. Frisbie have been born five children : Cora St. Leon (born October 31, 1856, married to P. A. Pendleton), Kate L. (born July 11, 1858, married to N. N. Elsbree), George C. (born December 24, 1861), Mary E. (born April 29, 1864, married to W. B. Payson), Edwin N. (born September 24, 1870). Mr. Frisbie is a member of the F. & A. -M., and of the K. of P. at Towanda, he is a Republican, and has held the various township offices. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church. A. G. FRISBIE, farmer and stock grower, Orwell, was born in Orwell, this county, March 4, 1826, a son of Levi Frisbie, who was born in Connecticut, November 19, 1798, a son of Levi Frisbie, born in Bristol, Conn., January 31, 1758, who died October 5, 1842, and had married, December 20, 1786, Phcebe Gaylord, who was born in Bristol, Conn., November 19, 1767, and died in Orwell, October 5, 1852, a daughter of Aaron Gaylord, who was a lieutenant in the militia, and took part in the battle of Wyoming; he escaped to the woods with a companion, where they were found by the Indians, and he was kiBed, but his companion escaped. To Levi and Phoebe (Gaylord) Frisbie were born the following named children : Chauncy, born November 16, 1787, died May 4, 1864 ; Laura, born January 1, 1790, married to Ira Bronson ; Catherine, born April 1, 1792, and Levi. Levi Frisbie, Sr., was descended from the old Puritan stock of Connecticut, and was an acknowledged leader in all enterprises tending to the advancement or improvement of this county. Coming as he did, in the year 1800, when the woods of Bradford county contained primitive log cabins, he devoted his life to the advancement of the county, its churches and schools; he was the brave and fearless friend of the poor and the oppressed; in his private life, sociable and eminently hospitable, his family loved and reverenced him as more than a father, and to the shelter of his broad bosom his grandchildren always fled as a haven of refuge ; although a member of the Episcopal Church in Connecticut, he identified himself with the Presbyterian Church as soon as the society was formed on Orwell Hill, and allowed no niceties as to any proscribed creed to interfere with his labors to better the condition of his fellow-men ; and the seed sown by such earnest labors, nearly a century ago, is still yielding fruit in abundance; he was never known to swear, use intoxicating liquors of any kind, excepting cider, which he drank at meals in lieu of tea or coffee, which he never used, or tobacco; his word was implicitly received, and in the arbitrament 816 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of his neighbors he never failed to give satisfaction. His sons were Avorthy of such a father, and among the many eminent and good men of this county none stood higher than they, all living earnest workers in the Presoyterian Church, three being elders in the same for years; all were liberal to the church and schools ; these noble sons of an illustrious sire have been gathered to their fathers, leaving behind a spotless page in the history of Bradford county. All the family, except the youngest, were born in Connecticut. A. G. Frisbie was born and reared on the old Frisbie homestead farm, and received a common-school education. His farm Avas located in Aliis Hollow, and contained 100 acres of land, which he cleared and fitted for the plow, and here he lived from his twenty-fourth year until 1867, when he removed to his present farm known as the "Minor Ta} lor " farm, which is well stocked with cattle, horses, etc. He was united in wedlock, December 5, 1850, with Ordelia, daughter of Abel and Laura (Aliis) Darling, and to them have been born the folloAving named children : William E., born February 18, 1853, married to Cyntha Bull; Ann Elizabeth, born January 2,1855, married to Hiram E. Bull; Stewart G., born August 27, 1857, married to Mary A. Newman; Frank Darling, born February 28, 1859, died September 7, 1866 ; Levi A., born August 15, 1861 ; Laura O, born March 14, 1863, married to Charles Werkheiser, and Kate, born August 5, 1866. Mr. Frisbie was for years a member of the Orwell Artillery Company; was elected second lieutenant of that organization, May 14, 1846, and promoted to captain June 23, 1847, and to major June 4, 1849. During the Rebellion he served in the construction corps attached to the Army of the West, and spent five months in Tennessee. His father, Levi Frisbie, Jr., was a strict church member, unflinching in pursuing the course he thought to be right ; was honest and upright in all his business tran sactions, and bitterly opposed to the use of intoxicants. He Avas married, March 3, 1825, to Chloe Chubbuck, and to them were born the following named children : A. G.; Catherine, born July 29, 1828, married to Stewart Line; Eaton N., born June 24, 1832; Wilbur E.; Laura P., married to Frank Bachman; Joseph A., a coal merchant of Elmira, N. Y.; Eaton N., president of the S. & L. V. R. R., and who was mavor of the city of Elmira, N. Y., one term. The mother died August "20, 1869, and the father November 23, 1889. Mr. A. G. Fris bie is a stanch Republican, and has held the various town offices. FRANK FRISBIE, blacksmith, Durell, Avas born July 21, 1863, in Asylum township, Bradford Co., Pa., and is a son of Myron and Susana Ann (Grippin) Frisbie, natives of Asylum, and of Yankee and Scotch-Irish extraction. The son was reared to the trade of his father, blacksmithing, and now owns the place which had been managed many years previously by his father. He Avas in the Southern States some years, and returning here has since continued to carry on general blacksmithing business, also a nice trade in agricultural implements, harness, hardware and all kinds of lubricating oils. He was married, April 2, 1884. to Georgia Reynolds who was born in Wysox, this county, August 4, 1863, third in a family of five children of George and Mathilda (Porter) Reynolds, natiA'es of New York State. There have been born HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 817 to Mr. and Mrs. Frisbie four children, two of Avhom are living: Leon W., born January 21, 1888, and Josie, born July 18, 1890. Mr. Frisbie is a member of the Patrons of Industry, in politics he is a Republican, and takes an intelligent interest in the affairs of the community. W. L. FRISBIE, M. D., Potterville, Avas born March 25, 1834, in Orwell, this county, where his brother A. C. Frisbie resides, Avas reared on a farm, educated at the common schools of Orwell, and had also an academic training. When twenty -four years old he began busi ness for himself, farming and teaching, his first school being in War ren when he was twenty years old ; thus was he engaged six years in this county, and Carroll' county, 111. When tAventy-eight years of age he began the study of medicine, reading under Dr. Oliver LeAvis, of Orwell, and in 1867 entered Hobart College, Geneva, N. Y., Avhere he Avas graduated in the spring of 1869. He then located in Potterville and continued in the practice, except from May 7, 1874, to May 14, 1875, which time was spent on Orwell hill. He was married October 26, 1859, to Alsivitha Knapp, daughter of Hiram L. and Elizabeth (Eastabrook) Knapp, the former of Avhom Avas a physician, a graduate ofthe Albany School of Medicine; he had children as folloAvs : Martha, married to N. C. Elsbree; Theresa, married to Manson Elsbree; Alswitha; Dr. Hiram L., practicing at Windham, a graduate of the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati; Elizabeth H., widow of H. Taylor; Armenia, first married to Dr. Benjamin Babcock, after Avhose death she married Charles Crandall; Dr. C. B., of Washington State, a graduate of Hobart Medical College, N. Y.; M. L., a farmer; and Josephine, mar ried to. P. F. Elsworth, of Windham. Dr. and Mrs. Frisbie have had three children, viz.: Armenia H., born August 27, 1862, married W. L. Carrington, of Orwell ; Dr. H. Zebulon, born June 30, 1867, educated at OrAvell, and has attended one course of lectures at Jefferson College, Philadelphia; and Paul, born September 6, 1872. Dr. W. L. Frisbie is a member of A. Y. M., of Rome; he is a Republican, and has held the office of justice of the peace ten years, also that of school director ; he does a general practice, and has been highly successful. The family are members of the Congregational Church. WILLIAM FRISBY, farmer, P. O Evergreen, was born in Asylum toAvnship, this county, January 13, 1815, a son of John and Elizabeth (Ackley) Frisby, who were descended from Eastern people. The grandfather settled in Bradford county, at the place known as " Frisby's Springs," where it is supposed John was born. John Frisby removed to Asylum toAvnship when a young man, and married Miss Elizabeth Ackley, by whom he had two sons. John Frisby and one of his sons went to Ohio, where he died. William, the younger son, remained in this county, was reared and educated in Asylum, and always followed agricultural pursuits, being more of a producer than a consumer. On July 9, 1840, he married, in Asylum, Miss Charlotte, daughter of John and Margaret Wood, and there were born to this union eight children, all of whom grew to maturity, fiA^e noAv living, viz.: Myron, a black smith ; John, a farmer ; Henry, a farmer ; Ulysses, a telegraph operator at Dushore, and William, aat1io is living at home Avith his father, whom he assists on the farm. William married, March 13, 1884, Emma, 818 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. daughter of James and Catherine Simmons, and there have been born to them two children : Estella, now six years of age, and Cassie, now four years of age. He removed from Asylum to Terry township, in 1867, Avhere he has since lived. He purchased his farm of Bills & McCue, the place then consisting of 134 acres, but has been sold until now only fifty-two acres remain. He is a large, muscular man, meas uring six feet four inches ; is a general farmer, raising whatever the soil will produce Avith a fair profit. He has made many improvements in the erection of buildings ; Avhen he moved on the place there was only a small log house which served its purpose for a time. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Benjamin Ackley, father of Mrs. Elizabeth Frisby, removed to Asylum in 1782, in company with Amos Bennett and Joshua Bailey, and settled in the " Bend," now owned by Richard Benjamin. EDWARD FROST, of J. 0. Frost's Sons, furniture manufacturers, Towanda, was born in Rush, Susquehanna Co., Pa., September 8, 1846, and is a son of James O. and Chloe (Hill) Frost. He was reared in Bradford county, and educated in the common and public schools and Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and began life as a clerk in his father's furniture store in Towanda, and was admitted as a member of the firm of J. O. Frost & Sons in 1871, and on the reorganization of the firm in 1876, became the senior member of the firm of J. O. Frost's Sons, and since 1883 have been manufacturers of furniture exclusively. May 10, 1870, he married Sarah, daughter of Mrs. Jane Hovey, of Towanda, by whom he has had four children as follows: Herbert (died at the age of two and a half years), Jennie, Maude and Edward. He is an attendant of the Presbyterian Church, and Avas burgess of ToAvanda in 1886, and again in 1888, and served as councilman three terms; he was chief of Towanda Fire Department in 1890, and once before ; he was a member of company G, Ninth Pennsylvania Militia five years, and was sergeant and quartermaster of the company; politi cally he is a stanch Republican. E. M. FROST, of the firm of E. N. Frost & Son, dealers in furni ture and undertakers, Athens, is a native of Bradford county, Pa., born August 25, 1848, a son of E. N. and Sarah (Parks) Frost, also natives of this county. E. N. Frost began the furniture and under taking business at Rome, and came to Athens in 1877, Avhere he Avas engaged in the same business until the time of his death, in November, 1885, when he was in his sixtieth year ; his widoAv survives. Her great- grandmother was in the Wyoming massacre. E.M.Frost is the second in a family of three children. When a young man he was in the drug business in Rome five years, and in 1879 he came to Athens and formed a partnership with his father, in the furniture and undertak ing business, under the firm name of E. N. Frost & Son ; they have two store rooms, also several Avarerooms, and are one of the leading firms in their line of business in the county. Mr. Frost Avas married in Rome, November 18, 1868, to Sallie W., daughter of Reuben and Mary (West) Thompson, natives of this county (she is the younger of tAvo children, and was born in Sheshequin toAvnship in 1851). Mr. and Mrs. Frost have one daughter, Clara A. Mr. Frost is a Sir Knight HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 819 Templar and a member of the I. O. O. F., Rome Lodge, No. 320; Roya Arcanum, Sexennial League and Equitable Aid Union, and in politics is a Republican. JAMES O. FROST, manufacturer, Towanda, is the founder and head of the extensive furniture manufactory of J. O. Frost & Sons. This gentleman is entitled to prominence among those who have .con tributed so materially to the development of the interests of Bradford county, especially its mills and factories. From humble beginnings, with no aids but his bare hands and strong perceptions, he has worked his way to success over difficulties that would have appalled many a man. He has stood helplessly by and seen the fruits of years of patient toil swept away in an hour, in flames and smoke, and has recommenced building his fortune from the very foundation. That man who is not utterly cast down under some misfortunes is the self- contained man of infinite resources, and is of the type of manhood that builds States and founds great communities. He was born in Wilber- ham, Mass., November 26, 1820, of Aaron and Polly (CraAv) Frost, natives of Massachusetts of English descent ; his father, a farmer and miller, who came with his family to Bradford county, locating in Orwell township in 1832, died on "his farm, on January 17, 1855, full of years and honors. His family consisted of four sons and four daughters, of whom James O. Frost was next the youngest, and grew to manhood in his father's household, dividing his time between the country school-house, the farm and his father's mill, and on reaching his majority, he found employment as a miller until 1845, when he built one of his own at Middletown, Susquehanna county. After oper ating this two years he returned to Orwell and built the Potterville mill and operated it ten years, and then came to Towanda and soon thereafter organized and built Avhat is now one of the most important industries of the borough— the Frost Furniture Manufacturing Co., by Frost & Sons, opening the same for business in 1882, and increasing its capacity from that time to the present, now employing about 100 hands and having all the latest improved machinery in such institutions. He Avas married at Wysox, December 8, 1842, to Miss Chloe, daughter of Chester Hill ; she is a native of this county ; her people are of English descent. Their family of children are as follows: Elsie (Mrs. Col. J. F. Means), Edward, one of the partners with his father; Lester R., also a partner in the factory; Helen M., wife of Henry Dodge, teller in the First National Bank, ToAvanda, and George E., also one of the firm of Frost & Sons. Mr. and Mrs. Frost are members of the Presbyterian Church, of which he has been trustee, and is one of the prominent pro moters in the organization. While in Orwell he filled the office of school director, and all his life has been among the most public-spirited citizens. With him it may be said that it is always the general good first, and then he is an earnest Republican. REUBEN FRUTCHEY, farmer, New Era, was born in Northampton county, Pa., April 16, 1824, the son of William and Sally (Smith) Frutchey, both of whom were born in the same county. His father Avas a carpenter and followed this occupation a number of years; his family consisted of six children, all of whom grew to maturity, and five 820 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. are noAv living. Reuben is the third of the family, and was reared and educated between Northampton and Monroe counties. In early life he learned the millwright trade, at Avhich he worked forty-four years, working all over this and the adjacent counties in erecting saw and grist mills. He removed to this county when twenty-one years of age, locating Terrytown on the Susquehanna river, in 1845. He married February 5, 1847, Miss Mary Ann, daughter of Septimus and Margaret Bacon; they had born to them seven children, six of Avhom greAV to maturity: Frances, Heber, Philemon, Edward E., Joseph and Lesley. Mrs. Frutchey was born in Huntington, Luzerne Co., Pa., December 28, 1828, and came to this county about 1 844; her ancestors are of New England birth, but French extraction; her parents removed from Monroe to Luzerne county; her grandmother Bacon raised silk-worms along the Huntington creek, Luzerne county, to a great advantage, and sent the raw material to NeAV York City, where it was manufactured into fabrics of value and beauty. Mr. Frutchey has lived on his present farm fifteen years; he is a general farmer but pays especial attention to fruit raising; he has two hundred peach trees of various kinds, also German prunes, apricots, etc.; his farm consists of seventy acres of fertile land; Mr. Frutchey is a Presbyterian ; in politics he is a Democrat. W. R. FULFORD, train dispatcher, Sayre, is a native of Standing Stone, this county, and was born May 14, 1859, a son of John R. and Sallie A. (Huff) Fulford, the former a native of New Jersey and the latter of this county. The father is a blacksmith, and resides in Standing Stone. Our subject, who is the second in order of birth in a family of four children, was reared in Standing Stone, and at the age of eighteen years began an apprenticeship at telegraphy at his native place. In 1879 he Avent to Lincoln, Neb., and had charge of a tele graph office there about two years ; then returned home and Avent to Laceyville, Avhere he remained until February 1, 1883, Avhen he came to Sayre. He was promoted to assistant train dispatcher in December, 1886, and to his present position December 15, 1889. He was married in Towanda, October 12, 1887, to Miss Anna, daughter of Thomas C. and Harriet (Mathewson) DeLano, the former a native of Oneida county, N. Y., the latter of Athens township. Thomas C. DeLano Avas a merchant for more than thirty years in this county, and is now in Chicago, 111. Mrs. Fulford's great-grandfathers, Mathewson and Stevens, Avere officers in the Revolutionary War. She is the younger of two children, and was born at Spanish Hill, Sayre township, this county, March 17, 1861 ; her sister, Harriet, married W. H. Poole, of Chicago, 111. Mr. and Mrs. Fulford are members of the Episcopal Church. He is a member of the Patriotic Sons of America, is a Dem ocrat, and holds the office of borough auditor. EDGAR S. FULLER first opened his eyes upon this busy Avorld on the third of January, 1845, in the township of Herrick, this county, but caraeto Camptown in 1856 or 1857, when his father, Almon Fuller, moved his family to the latter place. Edgar was the third child in a family of nine, seA7en of whom are now living, and received the usual education, which, in those days, was accorded to the average child of a thrifty farmer. It consisted of a few months of each year in the com- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 821 mon public schools, usually presided over by a splendid specimen of physical manhood and birch "gads." Our subject was, however, an apt scholar, and made the most of his opportunities, which resulted in such success as, at the age of twenty, enabled him to change his posi tion from that of a pupil to a teacher. For three years he presided in the school rooms, and then turned his attention to a mercantile career by entering the employ of Dunham & Dyer, manufacturers, of New E"ra, Pa., as traveling salesman, his territory lying principally in the State of Illinois. This position he continued until January 26, 1868, when he gave it up, and two days thereafter formed a partnership with Griffin Magee, a practical tanner, and built a large two-story tannery in Camptown, the upper floor of which Avas devoted to the manufac ture of harness, over which Mr. Fuller assumed direct supervision. The business flourished for a couple of years, Avhen the firm was dis solved by mutual consent, and Mr. Fuller prepared to carry on the manufacture of harness on a more extensive scale, and to infuse his ideas of progressive enterprise into a business which he had decided to make a life work. The large factory which he noAv occupies was speedily built, and " E. S. Fuller's Excelsior Harness Shop " at once took front rank in that line of business, not only in the county, but throughout the northeastern part of the State. He Avas not a prac tical harness-maker to begin with, but by employing the best of work men, and watching closely their methods, he soon became an expert with the knife and thread, having mastered his trade without serving an apprenticeship. He manufactured none but the best of goods, which, together with honorable methods and a liberal use of printers' ink, secured him a patronage equaled by few concerns of the kind in this section. His harness regularlv took the red ribbons at the annual county fairs, and to-day he has customers in many distant towns, to say nothing of the exclusive control of the local trade. In addition to the manufacture of harness he is an extensiATe dealer in horse furnishing goods — robes, blankets, dusters, Avhips, Irish and Scotch collars, oils, etc. Mr. Fuller is a splendid specimen of the self-made man, who, from the groundwork of brain and muscle, has forced his Avay, unaided, through the vicissitudes of life to a prominent position in the business world, and is looked upon as one of the leading business men of the section in which he lives. On October 27, 1868, Mr. Fuller married Miss Amanda M. Camp, daughter of Homer Camp, of Camptown, a lady of refinement and most excellent parentage. Of this union five children have been born, three of whom — Harriet A., Almon H. and Emily S. — are living. Loula Belle and Elizabeth died in infancy. Mr. Fuller is a steward and trustee of the M. E. Church of Camptown, a member of the State Encampment, and Past Chief Patriarch I. 0. O. F. He enlisted in the army during the Rebellion, but the Avar closed before his services were demanded on the field. Politically, he is an influential Republican, and has filled the various town offices Avith credit and honor. GEORGE L. FULLER, salesman, Athens, is a native of Sheshequin township, this county, and was born June 10, 1841, a son of Richard and Salinda (Blackman) Fuller, also natives of Sheshequin township. 47 822 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. The father who was a farmer and lumberman, died in his native place in June, 1880, in his sixty-ninth year; the mother is still living. The grandfather, Nathaniel Fuller, was a soldier in the War of 1812, and Avas killed Avhile in the service. George L. Fuller is the fourth of a family of eleven children, and was reared on a farm ; after leaving the common school he attended high school two terms, and taught one term a district school. On August 9,1861, he enlisted in the army, in Company D, Thirty-ninth 111. V. I., was wounded at the battle of Winchester, March 22, 1862, and was in the hospital seATen weeks; Avhen he returned to his command he participated in the following engagements: Siege of Morris Island, Sumter, Charleston, Drury's Bluff, in Seven Days' Fight, with McClellan on the Peninsular Cam paign and the siege of Petersburg, Avhere he was discharged, Septem ber 10, 1864. Returning to Sheshequin he engaged in farming until 1880, when he removed to Athens and engaged in the confectionery business. This he sold at the expiration of nine years, and since then he has been salesman in J. W. Carroll's clothing house. Mr. Fuller Avas married in Sheshequin January 5, 1865, to Miss Rachel, daughter of John B. and Lucinda (Horton) Smith (her father, who was a farmer, died in September, 1881; Mrs. Lucinda Smith died in 1875). Mrs. Fuller is the second in a family of eight children, and Avas born in Sheshequin township October 5, 1843. Mr. and Mrs. Fuller are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; he is a member of the I. O. O. F., Valley Lodge, No. 446, and has passed the chairs in the subordinate and in the Rebekah Lodges; is also a member of the Union Veteran Legion, No. 28, and the G. A. R., Perkins Post, No. 202. He is a Republican, and Avas census enumerator in 1880; also served as auditor in Sheshequin, nine years in succession, and several years as inspector and judge of elections. I. C. FULLER, manufacturer, was born in Herrick township, July 27, 1850, and is a son of Almond and Adelia (Camp) Fuller. Hi"s father Avas a natural mechanic and was a farmer, millwright, shoe maker, blacksmith and carpenter; he had a family often children (of Avhom seven are living), viz.: N. A. (died June 29, 1891), late of Wya lusing, carpenter and joiner; Mary G, married Lewis Wells, and after his death, Franklin Jones, and now resides on the old homestead, at Camptown; Edgar S., harness-maker at CamptoAvn ; Emeline J., mar ried to G. L. Lewis, farmer and mechanic of Camptown ; Lois L., mar ried to Elwood Vaughn and after his death to Rev. Newton J. Barnes, and died in 1890; I. O; Guy H., editor and proprietor of the James town Sun; Lettie J., married to P. Smith, merchant, Camptown; Lillian May, married to John Nesbit, hardware merchant, Tekamah, Neb.; Judson died when a child. I. C. Fuller passed his early boy hood in Herrick; his parents removed to Camptown, where he remained until he .started out for himself. He was educated in the common schools, and, Avhen seventeen, began teaching, continued dur ing winters about six years, and worked at the carpenter's trade and attended school during summers. March 16, 1874, he came to Wvalus- ing and entered the employ of the planing mills, which Mr. Fuller now owns ; after working there about ten days, he was made fore- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 823 man of the mill, and filled that position until September 27, 1877. The mill was purchased by William T. Horton, and November 15, 1877, he was made superintendent of the same; January 6, 1882, he purchased one-half interest in the mill, and the entire business, Janu ary 6, 1887, since which time he has been sole proprietor ; he has machinery for doing all kinds of scroll and finishing work, and sup plies all kinds of building material ; his sheds, buildings and yards cover about two acres of ground, and he has extensive outside interests and trade ; he uses an H. B. Schenck planer, which is the best manu factured ; he employs a force of six men constantly, and more Avhen pressure of work demands. When he first came to Wyalusing, he lived in the Henry Gaylord house, but, in 1877, he built him a small house on the hill and removed to that, where he remained until the first day of 1889, when his present elegant residence being completed, he removed to his new home, which for style of architecture, beauty and elegance of finish and conveniences cannot be excelled in the county ; it contains thirteen rooms, besides cellars, closets and halls. He oAvns several other valuable pieces of town property and large real estate interests in the coal regions, a small farm with good build ings in Merryall and various other interests. He was married, Sep tember 7, 1875, to Melissa Wells, a daughter of Abel and Margaret (Ney) Wells, of Monroe county, Pa., and they have two children ; Flor ence, born April 13, 1881, and Ernistine, born May 16, 1884. He is a Democrat, but takes but slight interest in politics. Mr. Fuller is a bril liant example of one of Bradford's self-made men; started in life with no capital but sound judgment, unflagging industry and determination to succeed, and by close attention to business and unflinching honesty, he has not only acquired a fortune in a very short time, but what is far better, has secured the respect, trust and esteem of all his custom ers, and has the confidence and friendship of all. N. A. FULLER (deceased), late of Wyalusing, was born June 18, 1840, at Camptown, and spent his boyhood at Camptown, working on a farm and in the shoe shop of his father. He was educated in the CamptoAvn Academy, and, when nineteen, began his apprentice ship to learn the carpenter's and joiner's trade, under L. W. Camp, and then D. D. Chaffee, working with them about three years. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Company F, Fifty-second P. V. I., hav ing served three months prior, in the State militia, and served until July, 1865, Avhen he was discharged with his regiment ; he was through the Peninsular campaign and then transferred to the South, Avhere he lay before Charleston during all the weary months of the bombardment, ajid after the fall of Charleston joined Sherman's army, and was with ft crorfrrg-ffreca mpseigrt through the Carolinas, in pursuit of Johnston ; he Avas sent to Salisbury where he was mustered out. He Avas in Hilton Head Hospital about two months, suffering from a low fever. He enlisted as. corporal, and Avas promoted to second lieutenant. He returned home and resumed his occupation of carpenter, Avorking in Wyalusing, Her rick, Pike and Tuscarora townships, and residing at Camptown until 1888, when he removed to Wyalusing. He Avas united in wedlock, Octo ber, 1865, with Delia M., daughter of Charles Biles, of Homet's Ferry, 824 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and this union Avas blessed with four children, viz.: Jennie A. (deceased); Roy V. (deceased); Charles H. and Mary L. He died very suddenly of heart failure, June 22, 1891, aged fifty-one years. He Avas a mem ber of the Presbyterian Church, Camptown, and an elder of the same, a member of the I. 0. O. F., Wyalusing Lodge, No. 503, Camptown, and had passed all the chairs, taken all degrees, and was a member of the State Encampment; also a memberof Hurst Post, No. 74, G. A. R., Camptown, and was Post commander of the same in 1887. He was formerly a Republican, but later espoused the cause of the Prohibition party. R. J. FULLER, merchant, Camptown, was born in Herrick, Avhere his father now lives, August 15, 1849, a son of Cyrus and Mary Ann (Taylor) Fuller. His father has always been a farmer and drover ; he had a family of nine children. R. J. Fuller passed his boyhood on the farm ; at the age of twenty-two he began business, becoming a member of the firm of Fuller, Edwards, Lafferty & Co., grocers, where he remained two years; then was engaged as traveling salesman with James McBride & Co., tobacco cutters, of Monroe, Mich.; one and one- half years was with George Smith, a general merchant of Wysox. In 1877 he came to Camptown, built and stocked his present store room and has been engaged in general merchandise since. He carries a full stock of general goods; is senior member of the firm of Fuller & Blocher, owners of Camptown Creamery, built in the spring of 1890. He was married, October 19, 1875, to Annie A. Landon, daughter of Senator Landon, of Herrick, and has two daughters, Aline and Annie E. Mr. Fuller is a member of the Freemasons. FINLEY FURMAN, farmer, P. O. Sylvania, was born in Colum bia township, this county, March 2, 1842, and is a son of John II. and Diana B. (Merritt) Furman. His paternal grandfather, Peter Furman, and maternal grandfather, Curtis Merritt, son of Calvin Merritt (the second latter being from Rutland, Vt.), were all pioneers of Columbia township. The father of our subject, who was a native of Columbia township, in early life taught school, but later engaged in the tannery business in Troy, and for several years was in the hotel business at Sylvania and Burlington. Prior to the Civil War he removed to Kansas, where he engaged in farming, and died in 1883, aged seventy years. Finley Furman was reared in Bradford county, educated in the common schools, and at Mansfield Seminary. Since attaining his majority, with the exception of five years that "he Avas in the mercan tile business at Austinville, he has been engaged in farming. He was twice married, first time to Rachel A., daughter of Lorenzo N. and Jane (Scouten) Tinkham, of Columbia toAvnship, this county, and by her there is one child living, Edna M., who graduated in the Mansfield State Normal School in the class of 1886 ; Mr. Furman's second wife was Carrie B. Buckbee, daughter of John and Hannah (Beers) Buck- bee, of LaAvrenceville, Tioga Co., Pa., and by her he has two children : Nora and Anna. Mr. Furman is a member of the Presbyterian Church and I. O. O. F.; politically he is a Republican. HIRAM FURMAN, farmer,' P. O. Snedekerville, was born in Columbia township, this county, May 28, 1821, and is a son of Peter HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 825 and Diadama (Holiday) Furman. His paternal grandparents were William and Abigail Halleok, pioneers of Columbia township, where they settled in 1813 ; the grandfather was a justice of the peace several years, and resided in the township until his death. Peter Furman, father of subjeot, cleared and improved a farm near Columbia Cross Roads, and lived in the toAvnship until his death. His children were as follows: Maria, John II., Jane (Mrs. Hiram Mason), Pamphelia (Mrs. William B. Watkins), George, William, Hiram, Eurania (Mrs. Decatur Goodriok), Orrin, Yolney, lloAvurd, Alvin, Caroline (Mrs. Alanson Taylor) and Philander. Hiram Furman avus reared in his native oounty, and has spent most of his life in farming. During the Civil War he served eight months in the Western Bridge Corps, and was honorably discharged. He was married twice: first time to Matilda, daughter of Malashi and Jane (Mason) Howland, of Columbia town ship, and by her he had two children : Antoinette and Sidney H.; his second wife was Betsey Potter, of Columbia township. Mr. Furman is a well-known farmer and citizen of Columbia township; politically he is a Democrat. JAMES B. FURMAN, farmer, P. O. Austinville, was born near Columbus, Ohio, September 20, 1846, and is a son of Peter S. and Elethear (Beslev) Furman. His paternal grandfather, John Furman, Avas a son of William and Abigail (Halleck) Furman, Avho settled in Columbia township, this oounty, in 1813. John Furman Avas a prom inent farmer of Columbia township, where he died. His wife was Betsey Bogart, by whom he had fifteen ohildren : Peter S., Harriet (Mrs. Andre av Gernert), Eliza (Mrs. Uel Porter), Cornelius, James, William, Paul, Sully (Mrs. Barlow Gates), Elinus, Fanny, Juliette (Mrs. Chester Updyke), Charles, Mariette (Mrs. James Kinnear), Bet sey Ann (Mi's. Raymond Gernert) and Robert. Of these, Peter S. was reared in Columbia township, where he cleared the farm now owned by R. Gernert. In 1832 he removed to Bellefonte, Centre Co., Pa.; from there to Petersburg, Ya., in 1836; thence to Ohio, in 1840, and from there to Wisconsin, in 1848, where he engaged in farm ing and trading; in 1852 he Avas killed by a Spaniard \A-nile in dispute over a land title. His wife (Elethear) AA*as a daughter of Oliver and Rhoda (Westbrook) Besley, pioneers of Columbia township, and by her he had six ohildren, as follows : Cornelia, Cordelia (Mrs. David Ware), Samuel B., Catherine (Mrs. Hiram Wilcox), James B. and Charles W. Our subjeot moved to Wisconsin, Avith his father, in 1848, and at the age of fourteen came with his brother, Samuel B., to Columbia township, Avhere he has since resided. He was in the Civil War, having enlisted Maroh 1, 1864, in Company C, Se\-enth Pennsyl vania Cavalry, and participated in the battle of Selma; also some minor engagements, and was honorably discharged at Harrisburg, Pa., in September, 1865, since when he has been engaged in farm ing in Columbia tOA\Tnship. In March, 1S68, he married Electa M., daughter of Philo and Sarah A. (Lamphere) Besley, of Columbia town ship, and by her has two ohildren : Walter P. and Eva M. He is a a member of the G. A. R., and in politics is a Republican. 826 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. JOHN M. FURMAN, retired physician and surgeon, Sugar Run, was born May 1, 1816, in Greenwich, N. Y., and is the third child in a family of eight children of Ezra and Laura (Atkins) Furman, the fomer a native of New York and the latter of Vermont, both being of New England origin. John M. Furman removed to Wyoming county with his father in 1838, Avhere they engaged in farming. He was educated in the common and select schools, and read medicine with Dr. W. W. Crandall, of Tunkhannock; also reeeiA'ed private instruction of Prof. Roberts, of Philadelphia. He began the practice of medicine in Herrick, in 1847, remaining there twenty years, and then located in Rome, where he resided until September 6, 1862, when he enlisted in Company D, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry. He Avas detailed as hospital steward, and was mustered out April 16, 1863. On account of ill health, contracted in the army, he was practically unemployed till 1871, when he resumed the practice of medicine in Dimock, Pa., where he remained about five years and then moA7ed to Auburn Centre, same State. In 1881 he came to Terrytown, Bradford county, where he remained eight years, and after spending one year in Wyoming county, he located in his present home. Dr. Furman was married Decem ber 31,1 840, to Miss Lydia M., daughter of Richard and Hannah (Davis) Douglass, of Wyoming county, Pa. They have had eleven children Alonzo H., born April 15, 1842; Amanda D., born May 8, 1844 Richard E., born July 16, 1845; Mary Jane, born October 4 , 1847 Emma L., born August 8, 1849 ; Laura A., born June 14, 1852 George W., born September 4, 1854; Harriet E., born March 7, 1857 Sarah H., born June 16, 1860; John W., born June 10, 1863, and Jesse K, born August 31, 1866, died April 30, 1881. The Doctor is a member of the G. A. R. at Wyalusing, and is a Republican. WILLIAM GALLIGHER, farmer", of Wyalusing township, P. O. Wyalusing, was born in Wyalusing township, this county, April 30. 1847, the son of Francis and Lydia (Brown) Galligher, the latter of whom was a daughter of Oliver Brown and granddaughter of Humphrey Brown. The father was a native of Ireland, and came to this country about 1824, when eighteen years old, and stopped at Philadelphia, where for twelve years he was on the police force ; then removed to Browntown and followed farming and the trade of mason ; he was married in Wyalusing township, near Homet's Ferry, and had four children : Onis, died in infancy ; William; Mary, married to Fred Skift, locomotive engineer, residing in Towanda ; Jane, married to Henry Benedict, freight conductor on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, in Towanda; Mary is deceased. William passed his boyhood at Fairbanks, attending school until February 29, 1864, when he enlisted in Company I, Fiftieth P. V. I.; he was in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania and Cold Harbor, and was struck on the knee by a piece of shell, and was furloughed twenty days, but rejoined the regiment before Petersburg and Avent from "there to Arlington Heights ; was taken sick and remained in the hospital until the war closed; he received his discharge July 10, 1865. After coming home he was sick for some time ; then followed boating as steersman on the North Branch Canal four or five years, then farmed. In 1876 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 827 he bought the old "White Tavern" stand in Browntown, which had never been out of the Brown family; it Avas burned June 24, 1890, and he proposes to rebuild it at once. Mr. Galligher Avas married, Septem ber 9, 1889, to Belle Brown, daughter of Jonathan Brown, of Fairbanks; her father, who was a soldier of the Civil War, and followed farming, is now deceased. To Mr, and Mr. Galligher was born one child, Daniel B., Avho died in infancy. They are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Browntown ; he is also a member of Jackson Post, No. 78, G. A. R., Wyalusing, and is a Republican. JUDSON J. GAMBLE, cooper, Sugar Run, Avas born July 26, 1852, at Sugar Run, Bradford Co., Pa., and is the youngest son of William and Irene (Beman) Gamble, the former a native of Bradford county, and the latter of Wyoming county, Pa. When eighteen years of age our subject began life for himself at the carpenter's trade, later learned that of a cooper, and for ten years was a member of the firm of Gamble Bros., manufacturers and dressers of lumber at Sugar Run. He was married January 1, 1877, to Lucinda, daughter of Joseph and Adaline (Rosencrans) Ashcraft, of Wilmot township, this county, and they have had five children, as follows : Elnora, born May 13, 1878, and died August 13, 1890 ; Mabel, born January 3, 1880 ;" Mandana, born October 16, 1883; Georgiana, born February 10, 1886, and died March 27, 1889, and Harrison, born August 25, 1888. Mr. Gamble is a member of the I. O. O. F., White Lilly Lodge,' No. 808; has held the office of constable one year, and in politics is a Republican. NATHANIEL N. GAMBLE was a son of James and Isabella (Nesbit) Gamble, who emigrated from Ireland and came to this country in 1811, settling in Wilmot toAvnship, where they remained on their farm until death, the father dying October 10, 1865, and the mother July 23, 1868. Their children were twelve in number, all born in this country, except the eldest, Margaret, who was brought here with her parents at the age of one year, and who became the Avife of Robert Morrow ; then comes William ; then John, who died aged nine teen; Nathaniel N, was the fourth in order of birth; then came Eliza beth; Jane (married to David Currier); Joseph; George S.; James S. (who emigrated to Michigan); Abagail; Debbie H., and Jonathan (last of whom died in infancy). The subject of this sketch Avas reared on his father's farm, where he remained until reaching manhood, and engaged in farming. He was married, in Herrick township, February 21, 1856, to Mary Ann Mitten, daughter of Thomas and Jane (Wood) Mitten, both of Irish blood. Mr. and Mrs. Gamble were the parents of four children; Thomas J., Charles R. (married to Minnie Smith; he died March 27, 1890, leaving a widow and two children), Amelia (Mrs. Fred Dodge, Avho has two children) and Eliza (died January 29, 1888, aged twenty- three.) Mrs. Nathaniel N. Gamble died in Wilmot township, April 3, 1869. Nathaniel N. Gamble removed to Warren Centre in 1875, and there made his family home until his death, which occurred August 19, 1891, when he was aged seventy-five years and ten months. Thus it will be seen that the Gamble family were of the early settlers of Brad ford county, and they long since have been esteemed among the best of our people ; honorable, industrious and frugal, the immigrants came here poor, but soon carved their way to a competence, and surrounded 828 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. their children with all the refining influences of the best agricultural life. Miss Debbie H. Gamble is postmistress at Herrick. Nathaniel N. Gamble was postmaster in Wilmot for several years ; the postoffice was then called Blainey, and is now called Sugar Run. THOMAS A. GAMBLE, M. D., East Troy, was born in Morris town ship, Tioga Co., Pa., March 9, 1845, a son of Andrew and Rebecca (Dur- flinger) Gamble, and is of Irish and German descent. The father, who was a native of Clinton county, Pa., was for a number of years promi nently identified with the lumbering interests of Tioga and Lycoming counties, and died in 1847; his children were five in number, asfollows: Elizabeth (Mrs. Benjamin Baldwin); Mannel D. (deceased, late a prominent physician of Waverly, N. Y.); George H.; Mercy (Mrs. Edward H. Ritcher) and Thomas A. Mrs. Gamble married, for her second husband, Gates Wilcox, a prominent lumberman, and in 1855 she remoAred to Franklin township, this county, and resided there until her death ; by her second marriage she had two children: Prudence E. (Mrs. Edgar Cole) and Winfiekl S. The subject of these lines was reared in Franklin township from ten years of age, receiving a com mon-school education, and at the age of sixteen, upon President Lin coln's call for troops, he enlisted at Canton, but on account of his youth his mother refused to allow him to go; he again enlisted, however, June 27, 1863, in Company I, Forty-seA^enth P. V. I., and was honorably discharged from the service August 13, 1863. Soon after ward he began the study of medicine, /and in 1871 he entered the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadel phia, where he was graduated in the spring of 1873; in 1874 he located at East Troy, where he has since been in active practice, having established a lucrative business, and stands among the most successful practitioners in the county. Dr. Gamble was married, in 1869, to Almeda, daughter of Enoch and Lucy (Snyder) Lloyd, of Lycoming county, Pa. The Doctor is prominently identified with the Masonic Fraternity as a member of Troy Lodge, No. 306, F. & A. M., of the Chapter, No. 261 of Troy, also of the K. T., Commandery No. 64, of Canton; is also a member of Hector Lodge, No. 166, I. O. O. F. of East Troy, and of Gustin Post, G. A. R. For two years he was physician of the County House at Burlington ; politically he is a' Republican. R. R. GA"REY, proprietor of. the " Garey House," Wyalusing, was born in Wyoming county, Pa., September 5, 1833, a son of James W. and Jerusia (Robinson) Garey, the former of whom was a prominent farmer, lumberman and mill owner of Wyoming county. Thev had a family of nine children, of whom our subject is the second." R. R. Garey was born and reared on a farm, and his bovhood was passed iii assisting his father in agricultural pursuits, in the woods and at the mill, leaving him little time for forming idle habits, and this training well prepared him for a successful and industrious life. He attended the common schools of his neighborhood, and afterward was a student at Harvard University. At the age of twenty-two he began life for himself, adopting farming for his occupation,' which he followed exclu sively until 1865 or 1866, when he began dealing in stock, which, com bined with farming, constituted his business many years. He was an ex- tensi ve dealer, purchasing throughout the counties of Sullivan , Bradford, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 829 Wyoming and Tioga, and marketed hiscattlein Wilkes-Barre and NeAV York. In 1867 he purchased his first farm, located in the vicinity of Lovelton,Wyoming Co., Pa.,Avhere he resided until .1886; thence removed to Wilkes-Barre, and was there two years; then proceeded to Mehoop any, and made that his home until the fall of 1888, when he purchased the old Gaylord homestead in Wyalusing, this county, whither he came and continued in stock dealing, till 1891, in which year he opened the " Garey House," which, under the civil and quiet management of its worthy host, assisted by the son, W. R., in the capacity of clerk, is fast becoming a favorite hostelry for the traveling public. This hotel is not a mere stopping place, as so many are, but there will be found what a traveling man so greatly appreciates, a home, cheer and home comforts. Besides the hotel Mr. Garey owns a farm of seventy acres near Lovel- ton, Pa., beautifully located and well improved. He was united in wedlock, July 20, 1865, with Sibyl Vose, a daughter of Oliver Vose, a prominent farmer of Wyoming county. To Mr. and Mrs. Garey were born three children : Helen, Leona and Willard. Mr. Garey is a Dem ocrat in politics, and filled the office of town burgess one term, besides various other offices ; he has had to make his own way in the world, has always borne the reputation of scrupulous honesty, and has been one of the very successful business men of which Bradford is justly so proud. PROFESSOR C. P. GARRISON, principal of Sayre borough schools, Sayre, is a native of Tioga county, N. Y., and was born October 20, 1849. His father, David R. Garrison, was for many years a successful lumberman and farmer of said county, and at present resides with his son at Sayre. His mother, Abbie C. (Fairbanks) Garrison, died in 1887 in her sixty-second year, and Avas buried at Franklin, this county — the home of her childhood. Her grandfather took part in the Revolutionary struggle. The Garrison family con sisted of eight children, of whom Prof. C. P. is the second in order of birth. He Avas reared in his native county, and received his early education in the common school, and at the Owego Academy. He taught his first term of school in Susquehanna county in 1868, and the next year was called to Franklindale, Bradford county, to take charge of a large ungraded school. He has been principal of the graded school of Monroeton, Barclay, New Albany, this county, and Hills- grove, Sullivan county. Entered the Mansfield State Normal School in 1887, and graduated in June, 1889. He taught mathematics while at this institution. Took charge of the Sayre graded schools in September, 1889, and by his untiring energy has brought the schools to a high standard of excellence. The schools opened the present year Avith fifteen teachers and about 800 pupils. Prof. Garrison is a member of the I. 0. O. F.; vice-president of the Bradford County Teacher's Institute; secretary of the Board of Examiners for State Certificates, and has recently served as president of the Bradford County Teacher's Association. Politically he is a Republican. Prof. Garrison was married in Ulster, this county, August 28, 1873, to Miss Mary Dell, daughter of Ancil and Helen (Holcomb) Olmstead, natives of Ulster township. She was born in Ulster in 1855. To Prof, and Mrs,. 830 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Garrison have been born two daughters : Georgia and Jessie. The family attend the Methodist Church. H. B. GAYLORD, merchant, Wyalusing, among the prominent merchants of this place, was born in Wyalusing, June 5, 1847, a son of Henry and Martha (Taylor) Gaylord, and a grandson of Justus Gaylord^ one of the pioneers of this section. His parents had a fam ily of fourteen children, of whom he is the ninth ; his father was a farmer, and one of the most prominent men in religion and educational matters of this section ; he served as justice of the peace here thirty-five years, and for almost that long a time was chorister of the Presbyterian Church ; he died in 1855, leaving a void that no one could fill. H. B. Gaylord was born and reared on a farm, and after the building of the Wyalusing Academy, in which he assisted, he finished his education there. Upon reaching his majority, he farmed a short time and then opened a fancy dry-goods store, having his brother S. C. (since deceased) associated with him as partner. In connection with the dry- goods business they conducted a branch office for an Eastern Insur ance Company; he also received the appointment of postmaster. After a few years' partnership bis brother retired, and he continued in the insurance business, still retaining the postoffice ; in January, 1877, he gave up that business, and for about one year taught vocal music; then, in 1878, formed a partnership and conducted a general store in Wyalusing under the firm name of Gaylord, Sumner & Co.; he was with this firm six or seven years, and dissolved, going into busi ness for himself in the stand he now occupies ; he carries a line of dry- goods and notions and fine shoes. He was first married to Martha Sumner in October, 1872, daughter of George Sumner, of Spring Hill, ' and after her death, August, 1879, was married, November 9, 1881. to Isabelle Kintner, daughter of M. S. Kintner, Esq., of Mehoopany. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church of Wyalusing; he is a member of the I. O. O. F. and connected with White Lilly Lodge, No. 872, Wyalusing ; also member of the State Encampment ; in politics he has always been identified Avith the Republican party. H. P. GAYLORD, mechanic, Wyalusing, was born in Wyalusing township, this county, August 22, 1853, a son of Joseph and Lorinda (Jayne) Gaylord, the former of Avhom was of the old Gaylord family, who was among the first pioneers of the township; the father, who is deceased, was always a farmer, and his late farm is hoav occupied by the town of Wyalusing; the mother is yet living; their family consisted of the following children: H. P., W. W. (residing in Wyalusing), Minnie R. (married to A. Ruff), J. J. (residing at Sayre), Charles and Emily, (both deceased). H. P. Gaylord was born and reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools, and at Wyalusing Academy. When twenty-four years old he began farming for himself; then Avorked at the carpenter's trade until 1886, since which time hehasbeen following the trade of stone and brick mason, and stone cutter, and letterer. He has always resided in the township of Wyalusing. Mr. Gaylord has been twice married; first time March 18, 1877, to Hannah A., daughter of Philo P. Finch, of New Albany; Avhich union was blessed Avith five ohildren: Lena A., Josie E., Daniel W., Millie S. (deceased) HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 831 and Margaret P. This wife dying December 18, 1885, Mr. Gaylord married March 3, 1887, Harriet M. Bennett, daughter of William Bennett, of Wyalusing. Mr. Gaylord is a member of the Presbyterian Church, of Wyalusing; also of White Lilly Lodge, No. 808, I. O. O. F.; and politically he is a Republican. He is a member of the Wyalusing Cornet Band, in which he has played the baritone for ten years, and is a violin player in the Wyalusing Orchestra. With the rod and line he is one of the most successful fishermen along the Susquehanna. JOSEPH GAYLORD (deceased) was among the early settlers of Bradford county, and a grandson of Justus Gaylord, one of the hardy pioneer settlers of the county. His mother, Mrs. Welthy (York) Gaylord, was a daughter of the York connected with the Wyoming massacre of 1778. The Gaylord history has become a part of the history of the county, and this family are Avell known for their many good qualities. Joseph Gaylord's early life was spent on the Gaylord farm, comprising a tract of some 500 acres situated where the borough of Wyalusing now stands. He was reared and educated, and lived on a part of the tract, up to the time of his death, which occurred December 25, 1880. He married Miss Lorinda H. Jaynes, of Monroe county, this State, a daughter of Peter Jaynes, an officer in the War of 1812. They lived a happy life and prospered, and raised a family of six children: H. P. (who is now a mechanic), W. W. and Minnie R. (now the wife of A. Ruff), all of Wyalusing; J. J., a resident of Sayre, Pa.; Charles and Emily are deceased. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church. In politics they are Republicans. - Justus J. Gaylord, youngest son of Joseph and Lorinda H. Gay lord, was born in Wyalusing, this county, January 23, 1863, and is now a resident of Sayre, Pa. He attended the Eastman Business College, at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in the year 1883. At present he is employed in the passenger service of the Lehigh Valley Railroad. N. J. GAYLORD, retired farmer, Wyalusing, Avas born in Wya lusing toAvnship, October 31, 1840, and is a son of Henry Gaylord. He Avas born and reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. August 28, 1862, he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Forty- first Regiment, being one of the first men to enlist in that company, and was made corporal at the organization of the company. Novem ber, 1863, at the battle of Poolsville, he received a gunshot wound in the left hand, and was captured by SteAvart's cavalry ; paroled the same day and went to the Patent Office Hospital, and soon after was fur- loughed and came home, where he was attacked by the fever and measles. After recovering he returned and was soon discharged, Feb ruary 27, 1863, after which he served for one year in Gen. Ruckner's commissary department; then returned home and began farming and lumbering, and folloAved farming until 1886, when, receiving a para lytic stroke, which disabled his left side, he was compelled to retire from active life. He Avas married October 14, 1868, to Julia M. Lewis, daughter of Edwin and Polly (Lathrop) Lewis, and to them have been born six children, viz.: EdAvard W., printer, born May 16, 1871 ; George L., a teacher and clerk in store, born August 8, 1872 ; Bert A. and Bertha A. (tAvins), born June 29, 1875 ; E. Mott, born April 9, 832 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1879, and Martha, born July 27, 1883. The family worship at the Presbyterian Church. He is a mem ber of Jackson Post, No. 74, G. A. R., and is past commander ; is a member of the I. O. 0. F., and one of the first men of this section to become a member, joining the Order at CamptoAvn ; he has passed all the chairs, and is a member of the State Grand Lodge; is a Republican, and has filled the various town offices, and has been school director since the establishment of the borough; is also president of the board of cemetery trustees, which office he has filled since 1882. JULIUS GEE, farmer, P. 0. Granville Centre, was born in Penn sylvania, July 27, 1845, and is a son of James and Mehitable (Ralyea) Gee. His paternal grandfather, Samuel Gee, formerly of Cortland county, N. Y., was among the early settlers of Granville township, where he located on the farm now occupied by R. D. Bailey, but in later life removed to Potter county and died there ; his wife was Han nah Hopkins. The father of our subject was a native of Portland county, N. Y., but came to Granville in early manhood Avith his par ents, and started life for himself on the farm now owned by our sub ject, and most of which he cleared and improved. He died there in August, 1875, in his fifty-sixth year ; he reared a family of three chil dren: Sarah (Mrs. Gilbert Baxter), Mary (Mrs. W."J. Smith) and Julius. The latter was reared on the old homestead from three years of age, and succeeded to the same upon his father's deatn. In 1876 he married Clara, daughter of Hiram and Elise (Smith) Every, of Leroy township, and has one adopted daughter, Lottie. He is a member of the Church of Christ, the P. of H.. and in politics is a Republican. J. VALENTINE GEIGER, gunsmith, Towanda, was born in Towanda, this county, October 5, 1832, a son of John E. and Sarah A. (Shockey) Geiger, and is of German descent. His father was a natiAre of Sunbury, Pa., and a son of John V. and Catherine Geiger, the former a native of Germany and the latter of Carlisle, Pa. The father was reared in Reading, Pa., learned the gunsmith trade in Williamsport, and later worked as a journeyman in various sections of the country. In 1830 he settled in Towanda, and established the first place for the manufacture and sale of guns in the county (his shop being on the site where Rosenfield's store now stands), and continued in business until his retirement in 1857; he died in August, 1878, aged seventy -eight years. J. Valentine, who was the only child who grew to maturity, was reared in ToAvanda and learned the gunsmith trade with his father, with whom he worked until the latter's retirement in 1857, when he succeeded to the business, which he has since conducted. It was established sixty-one years ago, and is probably the oldest con cern conducted by father and son in Bradford county. Mr. Geiger was twice married ; his first wife was Lucy, daughter of John Wough- ter, of Union, N. Y., and by her he had one son, Fred W.; his second wife was Martha N., daughter of Mark C. Arnot, of Towanda, for many years a prominent tanner of the place. At the. organization of the Franklin Fire Company No. 1, of ToAvanda, in 1854, Mr. Geiger became a member, has held all the positions in the gift of the company, and is still on the active list, and the oldest member of the fire depart- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 833 ment of Towanda. He is a well-known representative citizen of Bradford county ; he Avas elected secretary of the Central Republican Club in 1856, and has held it up to the present time ; for several years has been, and is now, the secretary of the Republican County Com mittee, and is known to be well posted on all Bradford county political matters. Mr. Geiger has hosts of friends outside of his own party, and his genial disposition will continually add to the number. He has never asked for any party office, and after long years of service says he is always ready to assist his friends, and have all the fun there is in politics. S. A. GENUNG, proprietor of lumber yard, Waverly, Tioga Co., N. Y., is a native of Tioga county, N. Y., born November 15, 1848; he is a son of Nathaniel and Lydia L. (Stuart) Genung, natives of Tompkins county, N. Y., Avho removed to Tioga county about the year 1835, when it Avas all a wild Avood. The father, who Avas a farmer and bridge and barn builder, died in Tioga county in 1878, in his sixty-sixth year; the mother is now in her seventy-eighth year, remarkable for her health and constitutional activity, and has never worn glasses. Grandfather Stuart was a soldier in the War of 1812. S. A. Genung is the sixth in a family of ten children, all of whom are living. He was reared on a farm, received a good common-school education, and when eighteen went to Cortland, N. Y., to work at his trade of carpenter and joiner, which he followed six years; then engaged in contracting, building and jobbing in lumber. In 1868 he removed to Waverly, and in 1879 started his lumber yard, Avhere he is at present. He was married in Waverly, in September, 1870, to Miss Emma, daughter of Samuel and Delilah (Brown) Howell, natives of Tompkins county, N. Y. (she is the fifth in a family -of seven children, and was born in Barton, Tioga Co., N. Y., May 3, 1848). To this marriage was born one child, which died in infancy. They have an adopted daughter, Mabel. Mr. Genung is a member of the F. & A. M., Waverly Lodge, No. 407, Knights of Honor, and has passed the chairs in the Order (is district deputy at the present time; has represented the Order in the Grand Lodge) ; a member of the Knights and Ladies of Honor (which he has represented in the Grand Lodge); of the Empire Order of Mutual Aid (has represented the Order at the Grand Lodge seA'en times, and is now district deputy) ; a mem ber of the Masonic Relief Association, Royal Ark and Sexennial League ; was a member of the school board six years in South Waverly borough, Pa., and served as secretary three years, and treasurer of the board three years, during that time. Politically he is a Democrat. JOHN P. GERNERT, farmer, P. O. Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Columbia township, this county, October 5, 1823, and is a son of William and Deborah (Clapp) Gernert. His paternal grandparents, Peter and Ann (Budd) Gernert, natives of Germany, immigrated to Philadelphia, where they worked out their passage money, married, and in 1786 settled at Tioga Point, this county, and in 1802 removed to Columbia township. His maternal grandfather, Clapp, was of French descent, and a pioneer of Bradford county. William Gernert was born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1784, was reared in Bradford 834 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. county, and spent most of his life in Columbia township, where, with the assistance of his sons, he cleared several farms and died there at the age of eighty-four. John P. Gernert was reared in Columbia township, received a common-school education, and has always followed farming. In January, 1859, he married Martha, daughter of John and Jerusha McMullen, of Columbia township, and has four children,: William A., Stephen O, Seth M. and Charles W.; he is a representa tive farmer and leading citizen ; politically he is a Republican. STEPHEN C. GERNERT, farmer, Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Columbia township, this county, February 6, 1863. and is a son of John P. and Martha (McMullen) Gernert. He was reared in his native township, Avhere he has ahvays resided, and was educated at Troy High School, where he graduated in 1881; then taught school several terms, and in 1884 embarked in the hay and grain business at Columbia Cross Roads, in Avhich he successfully continued six years, and has been since engaged in farming. He married, October 16, 1890, Bertha B., daughter of Dr. A. M. Ingham, of Burlington, this county. Mr. Gernert is one of the popular citizens of Columbia town ship ; he is noAv holding the office of constable and collector, which he has held several terms ; was school director one term, secretary of school board one year, and president of the board one year; in politics he is'a Republican. STEPHEN G. GERNERT, a farmer, Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Columbia township, this county, June 14, 1826, a son of William and Deborah (Clapp) Gernert. His paternal grandfather Avas Peter Gernert, of French parentage, Avho located at Tioga Point, prior to 1800, and in 1802 in Columbia township; later he went West and was never afterward heard from ; his wife, Ann (Budd) was a native of Philadelphia, of German parentage, and by her he had nine children : Polly, Kate, William, AndreAv, Barbara, Armenda, Casper, Sally and Solomon Clay. The father of our subject in early life cleared and improved a farm near Austinville, noAv occupied by his sons; he also cleared land adjoining, and died on the farm Stephen resides on at Columbia Cross Roads, he was the father of five children : Esther A., William H., Nathaniel A., John P. and Stephen G. Our subject was reared in Columbia township, where he has always resided, and has followed agricultural pursuits. On September 29, 1858, he married Hannah T., daughter of John G. and Asenath S. (Cox) McCarrick, of Springfield township, and formerly of Deckertown, Sussex county, N. J. Mr. Gernert is an enterprising citizen of Columbia township; he isa member of the I. 0. O. F., and in politics is a Republican. WILLIAM E. GERNERT, of the firm of Strong & Gernert, general merchants, Columbia Cross Roads, Avasbornin Columbia towra- ship, this county, January 28, 1848, and is, a son of WTTIiam H. and Maria (Howland) Gernert. His paternal grandfather, William Gernert, Avas a son of Peter Gernert,. a pioneer of Tioga Point and Columbia township; the wife of Peter Gernert was Ann Budd, and the wife of William Gernert was Deborah Clapp. William Gernert cleared sev eral farms in Columbia township, and died there. William H. Gernert, father of William E., was born in Athens township, September 19, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 835 1819, and Avas reared in Columbia township, where he now resides, engaged in farming; his wife was a daughter of Malachi and Jane (Mason) Howland, of Columbia township, and by her he has four children : William E., Charles H., Esther (Mrs. Frank Bullock) and Mary D. (Mrs. James H. Strong). William E. Gernert was reared in Colum bia township, educated in the common schools, and was engaged in farming until 1889, Avhen he became a member of the firm of Strong & Gernert, dealers in general merchandise, Columbia Cross Roads. In 1872 he married Belinda, daughter of Hiram and Helen (Sherman) Chace, of Springfield township, and they have seven children : Gladys, Fannie, Grace, Warren, Harry, Lizzie and William H. Mr. Gernert is an enterprising business man and representative citizen ; politically he is a Republican. SAMUEL W. GEROULD, farmer, East Smithfield, was born in Smithfield, May 3, 1829, a son of James and Lois (Wood) Gerould. The father, a farmer and blacksmith, was born in Newtown, Conn., May 5, 1784, and was first lieutenant, captain and then quartermaster in the State militia, and postmaster and justice of the peace in Smith- field. Jabez Gerould, his grandfather, a blacksmith, Avas born in Wrentham, Mass., November 1, 1748; Avas a soldier in the Revolution ary War, and at the battle of Bunker Hill, for valiant service, was made captain. Our subject's maternal grandfather was also a soldier in the Revolution and one of the men who took Maj. Andre, the English spy, into Washington's camp. Mr. Gerould Avas a cabinet maker in early life, and carried on that business at Smithfield Centre until 1855, when he moved to the farm he now OAvns of 150 acres. He Avas married, June 16, 1853, to Ann Ophelia, daughter of Truman and Ruth (Durfey) Beach, and who was born May 20, 1832. There have been born to them eight children, as follows : Afton B., born May 29, 1854; Flora E., born September 14, 1856 ; Laura Maria, born February 13, 1860, married to Warren Craig; Ruth Ida, born May 24, 1863, died March 29, 1886; Annie Lucelia, born July 20, 1865; Martin E., born September 24, 1869 ; Truman Wood, born September 2, 1871; Grace Ophelia, born November 21, 1874. Mr. Gerould is a careful and studious gentleman and successful in all his enterprises ; he is a Republican in politics. The family are members of the Disciple Church. JOHN F. GILLETTE, farmer, P. O. Gillett, was born in Mason- ville, DelaAvare Co., N. Y., in March, 1817, a son of Asa and Laura (Osborn) Gillette, the former born in Litchfield county, Conn., the lat ter in Massachusetts. Asa Gillette Avas the son of Asa, a Revolution ary soldier, who joined the army when only fourteen years of age, and served until the close of the war, being present Avhen Cornwallis sur rendered to Washington. Asa, Jr., removed from Masonville, N. Y., in 1833, locating in what is now Gillett, in this county, then a vast wilderness. Jesse Moore was the first settler, and built a log grist mill, one of the stones for which is now in use as a "horse block." Ruloff Bovere was the next pioneer to come into South Creek. Asa Gillette came to this county for the purpose of manufacturing timber, and purchased a sawmill of Judge Smith, of Painted Post, Avhich was 836 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. built three years previously, and in which he had an interest. Mr. Gillette continued this business thirty -three years; he was a man of influence, a leading spirit in moral, spiritual and business matters, one to whom all looked up. He was an active member and deacon of the Baptist Church; was postmaster a number of years, and also served as town clerk. In 1865 he met with an accident that proved fatal, the dislocation of his hip joint. His great desire was to see the war close before he died. His family consisted of four children, all of whom grew to maturity, and three are now living. John F., Avho is the second member of the family, was reared and educated at the common school in Masonville. At Southport, N. Y., October 2, 1839, he mar ried Phebe O, daughter of Asa and Mercy Moore, and, October 2, 1889, they celebrated their golden wedding. To them were born four children: Emily E., married to George H. Den ham ; Mary M., mar ried to Philander L. Pettingill ; Sarah J., married to Charles T. Fitch, and Asa N., Avho died in 1865. Mr. Gillette is an extensive lumber man, employing a number of men continually. His farm consists of 550 acres, nearly all under improvement. He has the entire confidence of his fellow-citizens, and was elected to represent Bradford county for two sessions in the Legislature ; has held the office of justice of the peace twelve years ; postmaster, four years ; was deacon of the Bap tist Church twenty-five years, and follows in the footsteps of his father as a leading spirit for good. Politically, he is a Republican. CHARLES E. GLADDING, farmer, P. O., Altus, was born August 2, 1833, in Columbia township, this county, on the farm he now owns and occupies, and is a son of Joseph and Marcy (Bullock) Gladding. The father, who was a native of Barrington, R. L, located in Smithfield, this county, in 1816, and in 1817 settled in Columbia township, Avhere he cleared and improved the farm occupied by subject, on which he lived until his death, which occurred when he was in his ninetieth year. His Avife was a daughter of Asa and Jerusha (Allen) Bullock, and by her he had seven children, six of whom greAV tomatu- ity : Jerusha B. (Mrs. James M. Edsall), Emeline I. (Mrs. E. P. Shaw), Joseph N, Viall A., William P. and Charles E., George Wil liam having died in childhood. Charles E. Gladding was reared on the old homestead where he has always resided. He was in the Civil War, enlisting August 14, 1862, and was commissioned first lieutenant of Company D, One Hundred and Thirty-second Pennsylvania Volun teers. He participated in the battle of Chancellorsville. and Avas honorably discharged after nine month's service. In November, 1875, he married N. Louisa, daughter of William G. Alger, of Towanda, and they have one daughter, Cecele E. Mr. Gladding is a prominent farmer of Columbia township. He is a member of the F. & A. M., G. A. R. and P. of H. Politically he is a Republican, and was register and recorder of Bradford county for one term of three years. L. R. GLEASON, tanner, Canton, is a native of Bolton, Warren Co., N. Y., born November 16, 1829, a son of Jacob and Sarah (Eaton) Gleason, natives of Vermont. The father, who was a prominent far mer, Avas born in 1796, and in early life removed to New York, where he Avas married; then came to Canton, where he died in 1869 ; the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY; 837 mother died in the same place in January, 1881, aged eighty-six years. The great-grandfather, Jacob Gleason, was a Revolutionary soldier, and in the service along with him were three of his sons; the maternal grandfather, Brigham Eaton, was also a Revolutionary soldier, and was at the battle of Bunker Hill. Jacob and Sarah Gleason had a family of five children, four of Avhom died in infancy. L. R. Gleason Avas the second in the order of birth, and when he was but a lad his parents removed to Oswego county, N. Y., where they remained until he reached the age of ten years, Avhen they moved to Canton, and here he commenced attending the public schools, alternating his studies Avith labor about the home. He so remained until he was nineteen years old, when he engaged in lumbering on his own account, which he folloAved until 1868. He pushed his business successfully, and at times had as many as 150 employes, and made his headquarters at Williams port. He then changed his business and opened a tannery in Canton, in which he is now engaged, also owning and operating an extensive tannery at North Bend, Clinton Co., and also one at Driftwood, Cameron Co., same State. Mr. Gleason Avas twice married : first time in 1852, in Tioga county, to Martha Irvin, daughter of Benjamin and Prudence (Dunbar) Irvin, of Lehigh county, Pa., in the family of Avhose ten children she Avas the third in the order of birth, born in Lehigh county, in 1832, and died May 15, 1880, the mother of a large family, as fol lows : The eldest three died in infancy, and the others surviving are as folloAvs: Irvin, married to Josephine Haines, is now manager of the North Bend tannery; John," married to Harriet Rury, is connected Avith the DriftAvood tannery ; leRoy, married to Minnie Bessie Mut- terbaugh, is at Driftwood ; Charles, married to Minnie Rury, is also at Driftwood, and James is at the paternal home. Mr. Gleason's second marriage was with Mrs. Byron W. Clark, of Canton. They are mem bers of the Baptist Church; in his political faith he is a Prohibitionist, and has served four terms as school director, and. one term in the council of Canton ; has been many years a Freemason, and is a mem ber of Canton Lodge, No 415. ROFUS B. GLEASON, farmer in Springfield township, P. O. Big Pond, was born April 20, 1843, in Binghamton, N. Y., a son of Lemuel C. and Bertha (Hosley) Gleason, the former of whom was also a native of Binghamton, and the latter of Vermont. The father removed to this county in 1853, and settled at Big Pond; he was a mason by trade, as Avell as a farmer, and lived to the age of sixty -five years. The mother's family were among the early settlers of Spring field ; she is still living at the age of seventy-three. Rufus B. Gleason, Avho is one of four children, Avas reared on his father's farm and edu cated in the schools of the township. At the age of twenty-three he embarked in mercantile trade at Big Pond, Avhich he continued five years, and has since followed farming. He Avas first married, Feb ruary 20, 1865, to Mary L. French, who died February 15, 1867, and his second marriage was March 31,1868, with Matilda Decker, who Avas born July 10, 1848, a daughter of Addison and Emeline (Hill) Decker, natives of Elmira, N. Y. Mrs. Gleason was the fourth in a family of eleven children— seven daughters and four sons — ten of whom greAv to 48 838 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. maturity. The father died in 1883, and the mother in 1878, at the age of fifty-five years. Mr. and Mrs. Gleason have had born to them five children, as folloAvs : Curtis L., born February 13, 1871 ; Richard A., born January 26, 1873; Mary E., born July 28, 1876; Hattie I., born June 12, 1879; Mildred A., born August 7, 1885. Mr. Gleason has made his own way in the world, and by perseverance and industry has become the owner of a fine farm of 140 acres, his principal interests being dairying and stock-raising. In politics he is an Inde pendent, and he has been a justice of the peace, constable and col lector, and has been entrusted with other offices of public trust. He is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry ; is a kind father and husband, and a worthy neighbor. HENRY A. GLOVER, physician and surgeon, Windham Centre, is a native of Tioga county, N. Y., born June 10, 1851, and is a son of Anson B., and Lois M. Burton, natives of New York, where the father died in 1889, and the mother is now living. They were eminently respectable people of the agricultural class. They reared nine children, of whom the subject of this brief sketch is the seventh in order of birth. He spent his childhood on his father's farm; at a young age attended the public schools of the vicinity, and was then sent to Owego Academy. Completing his literary education, he entered the office of Dr. H. N. Eastman, as a student of medicine, where he remained diligently atten ding to his books two years, or until Dr. Eastman's death, when he was transferred to the office of the latter's son, Dr. Robert Eastman, and was in his office as student about one year, Avhen he attended lectures at the Buffalo Medical University, where he graduated. He then moved to Chenango county, N. Y., where he engaged in the practice of his profession, and in the latter part of 1882 he came to Windham, where he has continued in active practice, and enjoys an extended patronage. Here is a fine example of what a poor farmer's boy can do when he so determines. Dr. Glover made his own way in the world,, even paying his OAvn expenses at school, and has prospered wonderfully. His farm of 108 acres, well-improved and in "a high state of culti vation, has on it a fine display of improved stock. Here is the famous brood mare "Lizzie Carmalt," among whose colts are "Meltonian," a Messenger that at five years of age made the time of 2:36^ after but tAvo months' handling. Dr. Glover and Mrs. Knapp, daughter of Alexander and Frances Pitcher, were united in wedlock January 3, 1884. Mrs. Glover died suddenly, April 2, 1891. Dr. Glover, as was his Avife, is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics he is in sympathy with the Republican party. L. S. GOFF, farmer and stock grower, P. O. Rome, was born in Rome borough, this countv, August 9, 1843, and is a son of Lewis and Charlotte M. (Taylor) Goff, the former a native of Connecticut, born March 19, 1805, the latter born in this county, January 16, 1820; thev were married March 27, 1840, and had four children": L. S.; George Malon, born January 2, 1847, died in infancy ; Theodore M.. born February 8, 1849, killed by falling through a bridge Avith a load of lumber, June 6, 1863; and Francis E., born June 12. 1853, of Buffalo. Grandfather Samuel D. Goff was born April 9, 1766, and married HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 839 November 23, 1786, to Dorothy Hill, Avho was born June 30, 1768, and they had the following children : Sallie, born November 7, 1787, married to Sylvester Barns, and left numerous descendants now resid ing in Rome ; Thankful, born August 23, 1790, married to Elby Stevens, died May 16, 1824; David, born June 20, 1794, died in infancy; Anson, born June 11, 1797; Lewis, father of subject; Laura, born May 15, 1807, died in Iowa in 1886; Mary, born November 6, 1810, died May 16, 1831. The father makes his home with his son on the old homestead, and is eighty-six years of age, hale and hearty. Mr. Goff Avas one of the pioneer lumbermen of this section, and built several sawmills on Bullard creek ; he followed rafting down the river many years; he also operated a distillery in early times ; he would give tAvo gallons of Avhisky in exchange for sixty barrels of rye. The gentle man Avhose name heads this sketch spent his early life on his father's farm, attending school at Rome until nineteen years of age ; then worked on his father's mills on his farm during the summer, and.Avhen twenty-one years old he set out for himself as a farmer, which occupa tion he has since followed. He has been twice married: first time, March 16, 1862, to Jane L. Bailey, Avho died August 2, 1870, and by this marriage there were two children : Delia H., born February 25, 1863 ; Berton L., born January 1, 1 866. Mr. Goff married (the second time), November 27, 1871, Lydia A., daughter of Breamus and Eliza beth (Dresser) Ells, former a native of Illinois, latter of Wysox, this county ; Mrs. Lydia A. Goff lived in Illinois until she was eighteen. Mr. and Mrs. Goff have had two children : Leon L., born March 6, 1875, died February 12, 1876, and Lizzie .May, born May 13, 1877, residing with her parents. Mr. Goff owns the old homestead which contains seventy acres of Avell-improved land. The family are mem bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in his political views Mr. Goff is a stanch Republican. E. G. GOODING, a farmer and stock-grower, P. O. Hornbrook, Avas born in Sheshequin township, this county, March 10, 1825, a son of George and Jane (Smith) Gooding. The father was born in DeA'onshire, England, and came to this country in 1820, being yet unmarried, and located in Sheshequin on a farm where he spent the remainder of his days, dying in May, 1875, aged eighty -one. The mother was born in Yarmouth, England, and came to this country a few years after the father, locating with her parents in Sheshequin ; she died in 1871, aged seA'enty-seven. Mr. and Mrs. George Gooding had a family of two children : E. G. and a daughter, Millina, Avho died aged twenty. E. G. Gooding was reared on the farm, received his education in the common schools of Ulster and Sheshequin, and acquired a fair education for the period. He remained on the farm with his father, and noAv occupies the old homestead, the greater part of the improvements thereon being built by himself. He was married in 1848, to Mahaley, daughter of James and Bessie (Sickle) Kipp, and of this union were born five children, as follows: George P., married to Susie Emery, and they have two sons, Harry and Otta ; Lucian F., married to Ida Towner, daughter of J. ToAvner, and they have one daughter, Bertha; Ellsworth, married to Ella Morris, daughter of S40 HISTORY OF BRVDFORD COUNTY. J. D. Morris, and they have one son, R. Morris; Jennie, married to Theodore McAfee, and William E., remaining single. In political matters, Mr. Gooding votes the Republican ticket. ABRAHAM GORE, retired farmer, Sheshequin, was born in She shequin valley, this county, July 31, 1822, and is a son of Abraham B. and Sallie (Kennedy) Gore, the former of whom was a son of Samuel Gore, the father of tAvo sons and four daughters: Harriet, married to William J. Lint, and is now dead ; Fanny W., married to William Bull, of Pond Hill; Abraham; C. C, of Sayre; Polly, married to Horace B. Chaffee, and Lucy A., married to Boyn Chaffee. But feAv names of the Revolutionary fathers are more illustripus than that of the Gore family. Abraham Gore spent his boyhood on the noted Esquire Gore farm, and attended school in the neighborhood, but being the eldest he had to work hard from the time he was old enough to trudge the field. The father died while Abraham was yet small, and he was left the main suppprt of a widowed mother and his smaller brothers and sisters, but he struggled and did not grow weary. At the age of twenty-six he was married and commenced life for himself. The farm he now oavhs, containing seventy-one acres Avell-improved land, was inherited by him from his grandfather, but he has made the improvements; when it came to him it Avas covered with a heavy growth of pitch pine, oak and chestnut, which he converted into lum ber; he has now retired from active farming, and his son Abraham L. manages it. He married, February 22, 1849, Eliza Jane, daughter of Josiah B. and Charlotte (Goodwin) Marshall, natives of Bradford county. The fruits of this marriage Avere five children : Reed, who died aged twelve; Charlotte E., who died aged two ; Wallace, married to Emma Chaffee ; Albert, of Elmira ; Abraham L., married to Eliza Ann Kennedy. Mr. Gore is a Universalist in religion, a member of the I. O. O.F.,Valley Lodge, and has passed all the chairs, being among the oldest Odd Fellows of the township, having joined the Lodge at Athens forty-four years ago; he is a Republican. When he first occupied his "farm there were no roads in the neighborhood, and but few log houses, and the Avhole face of the country Avas wild. Abraham L. Gore, his son, noAv occupies the old homestead ; he was born, May 25, 1861 ; married August 14, 1887; he attended school in the Sheshequin valley, and is a prominent farmer of the county; in faith a Universal ist, and in politics a Republican. CHARLES F. GORE, farmer, Sheshequin, was born in Sheshe quin township, this county, June 18, 1858, and is a son of C. C. Gore, a grandson of Abraham Gore, and a great-grandson of Samuel Gore, who settled in Sheshequin shortly after his brother, Judge Obadiah Gore. Abraham Gore is one of six children of Samuel Gore, and C. C. Gore is the fourth child of Abraham Gore. The mother of our subject Avas Eliza Ann Lucky Gore, born in New Jersey; his father had previously married Celia Olds, and by this marriage had three chil dren, of whom two died in eariy life, Abraham B. Gore sunnving. By his second marriage there were three children: Charles F.; Francis M., who died November 13, 1889; and Joseph O., who died November 23, 1890. Francis Avas killed in a sa/wmiU in QA'erton township, being HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 841 struck in the face by a slab that Avas hurled Avith great force by the machinery; he Avas taken to Sayre Hospital Avhere he died, living only six (lays. His father resides in Sayre ; his mother died April 4, 1888. On November 20, 1890, Charles F. Gore opened a grocery store in the central portion of Sheshequin valley, in the building owned by W. H. H. Gore, and carried a full line of groceries, cigars and tobacco, also a general assortment for country trade, and has done a prosperous business. In the spring of 1891 he moved on the homestead of his grandfather, Abraham Gore, a part of the Samuel Gore estate. He was married October 16, 1881, to Augusta M., daughter of William and Permelia (Horton) Tuttle, of Litchfield township, both natives of Bradford county, Pa., and he has one child, William O, now aged seven. The family worship at the Universalist Church ; Mr. Gore is a member of the E. A. U., Lodge No. 13, Sheshequin, and secretary of the Lodge; his political views are Republican. MAJOR W. H. H. GORE, farmer, Sheshequin. The ancestor of the Gores in the United States was John Gore, who immigrated to Roxbury, Mass., from England in 1635, and history shows that he was a man of some importance, and was the first town clerk of Roxbury. He had a family of ten children, all born in Massachusetts, except the two eldest Avho were born in England before the immigration of their parents. Samuel who was the youngest child, and the ancestor from which W. H. H. Gore is descended, a carpenter by trade, married, August 28, 1672, Elizabeth, daughter of John Weld; he died July 4, 1692, and left a family of seven children. The third child, Samuel, born October 20, 1681, in Roxbury, Mass., a yeoman, married and had six children, the youngest of Avhom Obadiah, the direct ancestor of Maj. Gore, was born in Roxbury, July 26, 1714; came to Pennsylvania and located at Wilkes- Barre in 1768; was married in Plainfield county, Conn., to Hannah Parks, and had the following named children: Obadiah (who was well known as "Judge Gore," of this county), Asa, Silas (who was father of Maj. Gore's grandmother), Samuel, George, Daniel, John, Sallie (who married a Mr. Murphy) and another sister who married a Mr. Bidlack. [See chapter on " Revolutionary War," on a preceding page, in this volume.] Obadiah, the great-grandfather of our subject, Avas born in Norwich, Conn., April 7, 1744; married Ann Avery; had the folloAving named children : Avery (grandfather to subject), Wealthy, Hannah, Anna and Sallie. Obadiah Gore Avas in the Continental Army during the Revolution, and was absent with his company on the New York frontier at the time of the battle of Wyoming, thus escaping the fate of so many of his family, Asa, Silas and George being killed, also Murphy and Bidlack, brothers-in-law. He returned to Wyoming after the massacre ; was with Gen. Sulliv_tn in his expedition up the Sus quehanna, holding a lieutenant's commission and serving on Gen. Sullivan's staff. The army camped two days at the mouth of a small creek on the land now owned by Maj. Gore, awaiting their boats. Obadiah then became impressed with the beauty of the valley, and determined, on his return to private life, to make his home here. He served during the entire war in Washington's army, and at its close came to this county, locating and building his first house on the land 842 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. now owned by L. J. Culver. He was many years a justice of the peace, and was judge of Luzerne county upon its organization ; also served two terms in the Pennsylvania Legislature ; he built the second mill in the county, and the first frame barn. In his day he Avas the foremost man of the county ; a very lion in courage, and a woman in tenderness and charity. He passed quietly away in 1821, full of years and honors. Avery Gore, grandfather of the Major, was born in Plainfield, Conn., January 10, 1765. He was, when a lad, in Forty Fort during the Wyoming massacre, and, armed with a pitch-fork, stood ready to oppose his feeble strength against the red butchers. When nineteen years old he settled at Sheshequin Avith his father, and Avas associated with him in nearly all his business transactions. He was a member of the militia, Avhere he received his military title. He married his cousin, Lucy Gore, daughter of Silas Gore, an extensive speculator in land ; was the first postmaster at Sheshequin, held all the town offices, and died there in 1845. Obadiah Gore, the Major's father, Avas the seventh child of Avery and Lucy Gore. He was thoroughly educated in the Sheshequin schools, and afterward at Wilkes-Barre; he became a dealer in lumber, and a merchant ; held all the township offices, but for the past forty years he has been devoted to his farm. He was married, October 15, 1834, to Matilda, daughter of Ebenezar Shaw, and had a family as follows : W. H. H., Amelia (deceased), D.W., Marion A. (deceased), Mortimer (deceased), Adolph K., of Waverly. Major Gore was born September 16, 1835, on the farm now owned by his father, Avas educated in the schools of Sheshequin, and after ward at the academy of Towanda, and at Athens, taking a course in classics and practical surveying. Leaving school at the age of nine teen, he clerked one and one-half years ; then Avas three years in a drug store, after which he went West, and Avas in a wholesale drug house at Peoria, 111., one year ; then went to Griggsville, same State, and Avas engaged in the drug business there one year ; selling out, he returned to Pennsylvania, and again clerked for a time. On April 22, 1861, he enlisted at the first call for volunteers, in Company I, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves, Army of the Potomac. He Avas in all the battles in which his regiment participated, beginning with Dranesville, and ending with Bethesda Church, at Cold Harbor ; was promoted to major, July 1, 1863, and brevet lieut.-colonel, September 10, 1866, for gallant services in the battles of the Wilderness and Spottsylvania. He was mustered out June 11, 1864, and is an invalid pensioner. On his return to private life he opened a store in Towanda, which he sold out in 1870; then returned to the old homestead at Sheshequin, and was there two years, engaged in settling the estate of a deceased uncle, after which, in 1873, he removed to his present residence. Major Gore was appointed, in 1874, to the railroad mail service, on the Lehigh Valley and Erie Railroads, and was in that position until 1880. He was married February 15, 1860, to Cynthia M., daughter of Joel and Maria (Goodale) Farnham, former a native of Owego, N. Y., and lat ter of Sheshequin, the family of whom consisted of five children, Mrs. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 843 Gore being the third ; she received her education in the high school, also at the academy at Owego, and spent several years teaching. To Major and Mrs. Gore have been born two children: Henry W., born November 29, 1860 (married to Hattie Rodgers, of Towanda), and Eliza May. Major Gore is a member of the Universalist Church, and secretary of the board of trustees of that body ; Mrs. Gore is a mem ber of the Episcopal Church. The Gore family are nearly all Univer salists in belief. The Major is a Sir Knight Templar, and a member of Union Lodge, No. 108, F. & A. M., and has filled the chair of Avor- shipful master and high priest, etc.; is also a member of the I. O. O. F., Valley Lodge, No. 446, Sheshequin ; has passed all the chairs and taken degree of State Encampment ; is a member of Perkins Post, No. 202, G. A. R., of Athens, and is past commander of Watkins Post, No. 68, Towanda; is a member of the Union Veteran Legion of Sayre, and past col. commander of same ; is a member of the E. A. U., Sheshe quin DiA'ision, No. 13 ; also of the Daughters of Rebecca, No 117, Sheshequin, and is secretary of same. Politically, he is a Republican, and has held the offices of school director, constable, assessor, tax col lector, and others. ABEL L. GO RSLINE, farmer, Wysox township, P.O. Wickizer,was born in Orwell, this county, March 7, 1837, and was the seventh of the nine children born to Pomeroy and Charlotte (Lawrence) Gorsline, the former a native of Vermont and of German origin, the latter a native of New York, of English lineage. Abel L. remained with his father on the farm until September 4, 1864, when he enlisted in Company G, Two Hundred and Seventh P. V. I., and Avas mustered out upon the dis- bandment of his regiment at Arlington Heights, May 22, 1865. Soon after returning from the army he located on his present home, which he inherited from his father, and where he has since resided. July 3, 1876, Mr. Gorsline married Miss Charlotte, daughter of Ezaciah and Ann (Simmins) Gorsline, natives of New York. They have one child, Abel L., Jr., born August 27, 1889. Mr. Gorsline is a member of the Wesleyan Methodist Church, the G. A. R. Post at Rome, and politically is a Republican. IRA A. GOULD, farmer, of Warren township, P. O. Warren Centre, was born in Susquehanna county, Pa., May 21, 1842; a son of James and Rhoda (Haughton) Gould, natives of NeAV Hampshire and Vermont, respectively, and of English stock. The father, Avho Avas a carpenter and joiner, came to this county in 1828, and settled in War ren township ; he died June 16, 1872, and his widow now resides in Michigan. They had ten children, of Avhom Ira A. is the eldest. He spent his life in Warren township until ten years of age, and then attended school at Owego. He learned the printer's art, and was at the case until the breaking out of the Civil War, when he became the seventh man to respond to the call for 75,000 troops, by enlisting, April 17, 1861, in the Twenty-third New York Infantry, Company C. The command left Elmira July 5th, to go to the front Avith the Army of the Potomac, under Gen. McDowell. Our subject was under fire several times in skirmishes and battles, and was in the brunt of the fight at Rappahannock Station and at White Sulphur Springs, then at 844 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Gainesville and at the second Bull Run fight; also at Chantilly, where he was left on the skirmish line Avhile tlie army retreated to Fairfax Court House, and he Avitnessed the race for the place between the "Johnnies" and "Yanks." He Avas thus exposed and without food or sleep for three days. His command was Avith the First Corps in all the battles, marches and sieges after they left Washington. At the battle of South Mountain, through some mistake, a part of the regiment retreated and left their companions exposed to over two hours' severe fighting. At Antietam his company Avas sent to Division Headquar ters under Gen. Doubleday, and he performed provost guard duty over prisoners until the close of his term of service. He was discharged May 22, 1863, and re-enlisted November 24 following. He re-enlisted, this time, in the Fiftieth New York Engineers, and returned to the front to the Army of the Potomac, hoofed it with Sheridan's Cavalry, and most of the time they were kept busy building bridges, forts and breastworks, and had some sharp experiences with guerrillas in guard ing their boats. They were in front of Petersburg and Cold Harbor, and after the latter they were thirty days on the march to Trevilian Station. After the battle of Petersburg, in December, 1864, the com mand went to Notaway Station, traveling at times through two feet of Avater, and at night they would nearly freeze. They went to Winches ter with Sheridan, and were at the surrender of Lee. In crossing the Shenandoah at Mt. Jackson, the corps (fifty men) made a bridge of thirteen boats and two trestles in just nineteen minutes, and after crossing over and taking them up, they found the boats had several holes shot in them. Mr. Gould was discharged June 13, 1865, when "the cruel war was over;" and returned home. While in the service he Avas taken ill with typhoid feA^er at Upton's Hill, and was sent to regimental hospital, where he was confined five weeks, and to this time suffers from loss of hearing in one ear, and rheumatism in the right side. He is a member of the G. A. R., and a pensioner, and a Repub lican—" God bless the G. O. P," adds Mr. Gould. He was married in Allegany, N. Y., September 30, 1865, to Mary, daughter of Frederick and Hannah Stratton, who had five children, of Avhom Mary is the fourth, reared, educated and married in her native place. To Mr. and Mrs. Gould was born, October 22, 1866, one child, Elmer. ADDISON GRACE, farmer, Asylum toAvnship, P. O. Macedonia, was born in Springfield, this county, July 11, 1830f*and is a son of William and Hannah (Salisbury) Grace, natiATes of Massachusetts, and of English extraction. William Grace came to this county Avhen a young man; his grandmother Grace was one of the nurses who attended the wounded at the battle of Bunker Hill, and his grand father Grace was one of the Revolutionary soldiers in the same battle. Addison Grace, who is the eighth in a family of nine children, was reared on his father's farm, became a farmer when grown, and has followed that occupation successfully since. He Avas united in matri mony October 3, 1849, Avith Dimmis Knapp, and there Avere born to them eight children, all living as follows: Ruby, born July 15, 1850, wife of Mahlon Allen; Addison W., born January 23, 1852, married to Helena Hosley ; Laura E., born March 27, 1854, wife of Hiram HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 845 Hosley; May, born July 15, 1856, wife of E. J. Lewis; Charles B., born July 17, 1859, married to Minnie E. Huggins; Elsworth C, born August 8, 1863, married to Mamie Brown ; Martha, born February 28, 1865, wife of Harry Morse ; Arotine S., born September 2, 1869. Mrs. Grace died January 27, 1871, and January 16, 1877, Mr. Grace married Flora D. Cheney, daughter of R. W. and Sarah (Fraizer) Cheney, born March 9, 1852. He located on his present farm in 1888, and is one of the most successful farmers, a social and genial gentle man, respected by all who know him. Politically he is a Republican. THOMAS GRACE, proprietor of "Hotel Grace," Towanda, was born in Standing Stone township, this county, November 14, 1847, and is a son of Philip and Ann (Griffin) Grace, natives of Counties Tipper ary and Kerry, Ireland, respectively. His father came to America in early manhood, was for many years a resident of Standing Stone, this county, where he was engaged in farming, and cleared and improved the farm on which he died in 1870, at about the age of sixty years. He reared a family of seven children, viz.: Mary, Thomas, Philip, Henry, John, William and Margaret (Mrs. Martin P. Brennan). Thomas Avas reared in his native towTnship, where he received a limited education in the common schools, and was for some years engaged in farming, and in 1883 came to ToAvanda, where he was a buyer of hides one year. In 1884 he embarked in the hotel business, in which he has since continued, and has done business at his present place on South Main street since 1890. Mr. Grace is a member of the Roman Catholic Church and is Independent in politics. FRANCIS P. GRADY, the leading and popular merchant tailor in Towanda, was born in Beaver Meadow, Carbon Co., Pa., March 16, 1850, a son of James and Ann (Lannan) Grady, natives of County Ros common, Ireland. James Grady came to America about 1834 and set tled in Carbon county, engaged in farming and later was a boss in coal works ; he died about 1852. Francis P. was reared in Carbon county, and began life as a slate picker and later Avas in the coal breaker, also worked in the mines as a door tender and mule driArer. At the age of sixteen he Avas apprenticed to the tailor's trade in Hazel- ton, Luzerne county, serving three years and ten months, and after ward went to Philadelphia, where he worked as a journeyman in various cities of Pennsylvania and NeAV York. In 1878 he located in Towanda and ei%aged in the merchant tailoring business for himself, in which he has since successfully continued, and has built up a trade second to none in the county. Mr. Grady Avas married August 14, 1875, to Mary J., daughter of Oscar Sage, of Bradford county, and by her he had one son. Francis W. (deceased). Mr. Grady is a member of the Catholic Church, also of the K. of L., and he is a Republican. J. H. GRANT, the leading jeweler of Troy, Avas born in Gen- eseo, Livingston Co., N. Y., January 5, 1834, a son of Ira and Maria (Hewitt) Grant, and is of Scotch-Irish descent, his ancestors being of the same lineage as that of the late Gen. U. S. Grant. He was reared in Cortland, N. Y., Avhere he received an academical education, and served a three and one-half years' apprenticeship at the jeAveler's trade, in which he has since successfully continued. He has been 846 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. twice married. His first wife was Marian, daughter of William S. and Nancy (Bothwell) Dobbins, of Troy, and by her he had two children : Fred (deceased) and William H., now connected Avith a leading jewelry establishment at Portland, Oregon ; his second wife was Orpha M., daughter of Elijah H. and Sarah (Halsted) Dewey, of Troy, and he has by her four children: Albert H., Edwin H., Nellie L. and Edith H. Mr. Grant is a Sir Knight Templar; he was school director of Troy borough fifteen years, from 1872 to 1887, during fourteen years of which time he was treasurer of the school board; was burgess two terms, and a member of the common council eight or ten years ; he was treasurer of Bradford county from January 1, 1879, to January 1, 1882, and was a presidential elector on the Harrison and Morton ticket in 1888 ; politically, he has alwavs been a stanch Republican. JAMES H, GREEN, farmer, Orwell township, P. O. Orwell, was born in Susquehanna county, Pa., July 4, 1844, and is the eldest son of Job and Unice M. (Doolittle) Green, the former a native of Rhode Island and the latter of Orwell township. His father came to Susque hanna county when three years old and resided there until his death. He had a family of seven children : James H,; John W., of Iowa ; Zenas M., deceased ; Samuel G., deceased ; Charles E., of Pike toAvnship ; Lucy M., deceased, and an infant, deceased. James passed his boy hood on a farm, and received his education in the common schools, with exception of a few terms in a select school. When twenty-two years of -age he purchased the old James Chubbuck farm, and has occupied that since; it is 155 acres of as fine farm land as there is in Orwell, all improved, and is well stocked and managed. He Avas united in mar riage, July 24, 1866, with Albertine, daughter of Joshua and Margaret (Dings) Killmer, the youngest of a family of eight children. To them have been born three children, as follows: Maggie A., married to Fred L. Brown ; Fred A. and Stanley G. They are all members of the Method ist Episcopal Church, of which James is one of the board of trustees. He is a member of the Golden Cycle ; is a Republican, and has held the office of school director. Mr. and Mrs. Green are among the large number of Bradford's citizens noted for their great hospitality and social qualities ; they have a large circle of friends who unite in bestow ing on them their affection and esteem. WALTER KERR GREEN, at present a farmer, in Bradford county, was born at Chappie Hill, Davidson Co., Tenn., September 15, 1830, and is the son of John Simms and Elizabeth (Henley) Green. The family moved to Cherry township, Lycoming (now Sullivan) Co., Pa., in 1833. Here Walter grew to manhood, helping his father clear up a large farm. In January, 1857, he married Marion E. Wol cott, daughter of Elijah and Elizabeth (Park) Wolcott, of Litchfield Bradford Co. ; moved to that place in April, 1861, and purchased the Snover farm of John Layton (where George Brink now lives). In the fall of 1862 he was drafted and went to Harrisburg. After staying about four weeks at Camp Curtin, he was discharged and came home. embarking in the lumber business. In this he was successful until, in March, 1865, having a large amount of lumber on the bank of the Sus quehanna, it was swept away in the floods, leaving him heavily in debt, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 847 the effects of which he yet feels. Having turned all over to his credi tors, he moved to Athens borough and began working by the day ; but after a time he embarked in contracting, which he found more remunerative. He erected several buildings, among which was the " Cudderback House " on Chestnut street, Avhich he built for himself. Always having good credit, he abused it by endorsing for a man who betrayed him, and again he lost all he had. In 1868 he moved to Wolcott Hollow, in Athens township, and began jobbing for Gen. H. Williston, which proved disastrous, and this with the loss of five horses compelled him to sell all in order to pay his help, and once more he began at the bottom, working by the day for Wolcott & Had lock, who had an extensive lumber trade at that time. Here he paid off his debts of the Williston disaster, and had a surplus, when, in 1873, Wolcott & Hadlock failed, and again Mr. Green lost heavily. But the lumber business of Wolcott & Hadlock being bought by D. F. Park, he retained Mr. Green as superintendent with a good salary, and this with the stump-pulling business, which he engaged in again, placed him on the road to prosperity. But in 1877 Bat Golden's barn at Milan was burned, and again Mr. Green was a loser, two good teams being burned in that conflagration. In 1880 Mr. Job Griffin offered him a partnership in the manufacture of lumber, and the mill which now stands in Wolcott Hollow was built by Mr. Green to carry on the business Avhich has proved successful. Mr. Green has met with many failures which Avould have dismayed a man of less pluck and courage, but with the aid of his estimable wife he has overcome these obstacles, and is now the owner of a good farm and a fine residence called "The Willows." Here he resides with his wife and three daughters, M. Euphemia, Mary A. and Virginia L. His two sons, Harry C. and Craig W., are now on the staff of two New York dailies. Three other children died in infancy. Mr. Green has always had the confidence and respect of his neighbors. Although not an office-seeker. he is a stanch Democrat, and has successfully held several toAvn offices, WILLIAM H. D. GREEN, a prominent dry-goods merchant, Towanda, was born in Dushore, Sullivan Co., Pa., January 30, 1837, a son of John S. and Elizabeth (Hanley) Green, the former of Avhom was a native of Philadelphia, and the latter of Georgia; they settled at Dushore in 1829, where the father acted as land agent for John S. Green, who had previously taken up a large tract of land in that vicinity. In 1856 he was elected treasurer of Sullivan county, and served two terms ; he died March 16, 1876, at Laporte, Pa. Mr. Green was reared in Sullivan county, where he received a limited education in the common schools. August 17, 1862, he enlisted as a private in Company K, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I. September 15, 1863, he was captured by the enemy while advancing on Culpeper, Va.; he was a prisoner nineteen months and twenty days in Libby, Belle Isle, Andersonville, Savannah and Millen prisons. April 28, 1865, he was sent to Jacksonville, Fla., and in June was transported to Annapolis, Md.. and thence to Harrisburg, Pa., where he was honor ably discharged, June 20, 1865. In 1866 he settled in Towanda, where he Avas proprietor of the ToAvanda and Laporte stage line nearly three 848 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. years. In 1868 he located at Burlington, this county, and engaged in general merchandising and hotel-keeping there until 1883, Avhen he returned to Towanda and embarked in the dry-goods business, in Avhich he has since successfully continued. He married, July 3, 1860, Mary A., daughter of Dennis McKeeby, of Susquehanna county, Pa., and has tAvo children living, viz.: Frank D. and Hattie M. (Mrs. H. L. Bushnell). Mr. Green is a member of the Episcopal Church and G. A. R.; he was elected a second term as justice of the peace, during his residence at Burlington. Politically he is a Republican. GEORGE W. GREGORY, M. D., Troy, was born in Fleming, Cayuga Co., N. Y., September 22, 1854, a son of Richard and Maria (Smith) Gregory, and of Scotch ancestry. He was reared in his native county, and received an academical education at Auburn, N. Y. ; in 1875, he began the study of medicine Avith Dr. Samuel Gilmore, of Fleming, N. Y., and in August, 1876, continued his studies under Dr. J. W. Cox, of Albany, N. Y. He was graduated from the medical department of Union University of that city, in January, 1879, and at once began the practice of his profession in Albany, remaining there until June, 1880; on July 26, 1880, he located in Troy where he has since been in active practice. In June, 1883, the Doctor was married to Nellie, daughter of Perry H. and Lydia (Robinson) Oliver, of Troy, and granddaughter of EdAvard Oliver, by which union there were tAvo children : Richard and Margaret. Dr. Gregory is a member of the Homeopathic State Medical Society of Pennsylvania, and an honorary member of the Albany (N. Y.) Medical Society. Socially he is a Sir Knight Templar. JOB GRIFFIN, farmer, Athens township, P. O. Athens, was born in Athens township, this county, and is son of Capt. John (second) and Nancy (Morley) Griffin, both of whom were born in Athens township. The father is a son of Capt. John (first) Griffin, who removed from Connecticut to this county about 1809, locating near Athens borough, then called "Tioga Point ;" he purchased a lot of 300 acres, and like all the old pioneers improved and built until, by hard labor and industry, he became a wealthy farmer for those days ; he kept one of the first hotels in that place, and died about 1843, at the age of fifty-six. His son John (second) occupied part of the estate where Job now resides. He was an extensive lumberman, having built several sawmills, one of which is still standing; also dealt in stock and was a man of enterprise. In 1862 he joined as captain, Company H, Fifty-seventh P. V. I., serving tAvo years, and after his discharge he was chosen by his felloAv- citizens to the office of town commissioner; he died May 15, 1874, at the age of fifty-six. He had only one son, Job, the subject of this sketch, who now resides on his father's homestead. At the a^e of twenty-three (in 1869) he married Miss Martha J., daughter of D°r. E. P. and H. H. Allen, of Athens, and three children were born to them, two of whom are living : Mary and John. Mr. Griffin is a °enerai farmer and stock raiser, has about twenty-five head of full-blooded registered Guernseys, on which he took the first premium at Troy and Elmira fairs ; he also buys stock of various kinds, shipping to NeAV York and Jersey City. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 849 JOSEPH P. GRIFFITH, farmer and stock grower, P. O. Windham, is a native of Susquehanna county, Pa., born July 4, 1843. The youth started life Avith quite a patriotic celebration. He is a son of David and Ruth (Wilber) Griffith, of Ne\v York, and of remote German and Welsh descent. The father, who was a farmer and mechanic, came to Bradford county in 1848, first stopping in Windham township, and then went to Nichols, N. Y., where he died of heart-disease in 1879, being found dead in bed; his partner and wife had passed away five Aveeks previously. Their children Avere three in number: Joanna, married to Amzi Benjamine, and died in 1876 ; Joseph P.; and Ruby A., wife of L. Neal. The subject of this sketch was reared and edu cated in Windham township, and, a poor boy, commenced farming, and is noAv proprietor of 100 acres of highly improved and cultivated farm land. August 25,1862,the lad enlisted at Owego in the cause of the Union, joining the One Hundred and Ninth Regiment, N. Y. V. I., but the regi ment being already full, he repaired to Binghamton and joined the One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Regiment, Company A, under Col. David Ireland, a regular, and they went almost direct to the front in fighting trim, and were "double-quicking" across lots toward the nearest fight. The regiment joined Gen. Slocum's corps. Mr. Griffith bore the gauntlet of Avar safely until the battle of Chancellorsville, wThere " his hat received a mortal wound." The command reached Gettysburg the second day of the fight, and formed on the right, in the heat of the battle, receiving the assault of Stonewall Jackson's old command, and of the forty-four men in his company, in this carnage, only five came out alive — four privates and one corporal being all who could muster after the battle. Slocum's and the Eleventh corps were consolidated under Gen. Hooker, and their next battle was at Wauhatchie in defense of a wagon train, when a ball grazed Mr. Griffith's neck, and came so near cutting his throat that it took a\vay his breath and drew blood, but he rallied and was in line at the battle of Lookout Mountain, and charged the enemy's Avorks; in this critical moment the Major called out, "who will go over first?" when he (the Major) quickly jumped over in order to be first, but jumped almost on Mr. Griffith, who was ahead of him, and for this he was promoted to sergeant. Then came the battle of Mission Ridge, and then to Ringold, Ga., and Resaca, New Hope Church, Pine Knob, KenesaAv Mountain and Peachtree Creek, Avhere he Avas hit over the heart Avith a ball that knocked him down, but some things in his pocket saved his life ; then came Atlanta and Savannah, where he was one of a detail to furnish supplies, and became one of " Sherman's Banners," but was with his regiment in the Savannah bat tle and on Sherman's entire march to the sea, and the campaigns of the Carolinas. Again becoming one of " Sherman's Banners," he was captured and sent to Libby prison, and the ten days' experience there nearly starved him to death. He was paroled and sent to Annapolis Junction, and finally was on his way to his old command Avhen he was met at Elmira and mustered out June 23, 1865, the cruel war being over. He Avas married at Nichols, N. Y., to Catherine White, daughter of William and Charlotte (Dunham) White, and they have tAvo chil dren; William D., now aged twenty -one (he is employed in a store in 850 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. New Mexico, receiving $65 per month), and Kittie B., noAv aged seven teen (she is at the normal school in Mansfield). This pleasant and most estimable family are members of the Methodist Church, and are widely respected. Mrs. Griffith is an invalid, unable to walk, and goes about the house in a Avheel chair. LUCIUS EDGAR GRIGGS, farmer, Monroe township, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born in Ashford, Conn., February 26, 1822, a son of Joseph and Mary (Mason) Griggs, natives of Connecticut and of early English origin ; they removed to Monroe in 1831. In his father's family there Avere six children, of whom he is the fourth ; he has always folloAved farming ; located on his present home in 1849. He was married January 11, 1846, to Miss Lydia O, daughter of Philip and Betsey (Richards) Hart, of New England stock ; later came to Bradford county in 1825 ; they have five children, viz.: Willis E., born January 8, 1847, is toAvn treasurer, a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge at Monroe, and resides on a farm across the road from the old home stead, married to Mrs. Cyrus Lewis (Miss Mary E. Strevey), by whom he has three children ; Dorsey L., born October 4, 1848, is engaged in the Eureka Works, Utica, N. Y., married to Lydia F. Strevey, by Avhom he has seven children ; Ira G., born August 19, 1850, electrical engi neer, Brockport, Pa., married to Charlotte Brown, by whom he has tAvo children ; Eli Z., born September 7, 1852, mine superintendent, Brockport, married to Miss Annie S. Kinney, of Athens, Avho died July 23, 1891, leaving four children ; and Addison E., born December 29, 1854, blacksmith, Landrus, Pa. Lucius Edgar Griggs and wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; he is a thorough Demo crat, and has been collector of taxes, and school director nine years ; was on the first school board ever organized in Monroe, and on March 4, 1843, he was commissioned, by Governor Porter, captain of the " Monroe Rifle Company ; " he was rejected from active service in the Civil War on account of deafness. T. GRIMES, farmer, of Overton township, P.O. Overton', is a native of County Sligo, Ireland, born in 1817, and is a son of Terrence and Bridget (Gallagher) Grimes, natives of the same place, Avhere the father died in 1842, and the mother in 1844. He is the second in a family of five children. The son remained in the old family home in his native place, and at the age of twenty-three he bade farewell to home and native land, and sailed, as an emigrant, to the land of the free, making his permanent stop in Overton, first seeking and finding employment among the simple, honest, industrious farmers of that place. In time, by his untiring industry, he accomplished the ambi tion of his young life, and become a land owner, a term that means far more to a foreign-born citizen than to a native American. His farm contains fifty acres, Avell improved and cultnated, on which are com fortable houses and general improvements. He was married in Ireland, in 1838, to Mary Coggins, daughterof Patrick and Catherine (Murphy) Goggins. all natives of the same place, and old-time neighbors of the Grimes family. Of this union were born children, of whom four died, and the living are: Mary, wife of James McDonald; Julia, Avife of Charles BoAvman; Jennie, wife of James Nestor; Nellie, wife of Burt HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 851 Hoose ; Terrence, Maggie, Patrick and Michael. The family Avorship at the Catholic Church, and every member is noted for industry and integrity, a natural result it would seem when it is remembered that the, father with his OAvn hands cleared the entire farm, where they now live, when it was a dense wilderness. In political matters Mr. Grimes affiliates with the Democratic party. HENRY G. GRINNELL, farmer, P. O. Columbia Cross Roads, Avas born in Wells town ship, Ah is county, December 26, 1844, and is a son of Lorenzo and Rhoda (Griffin) Grinnell. His father was a native of Chenango county, N. Y., and his mother of Dutchess county, N. Y. His maternal grandfather was Henry Griffin, of Dutchess county, N. Y., ¦who died there ; his widow afterward married James A. Wilson, and with him settled in Wells township, this county, in 1837. Lorenzo Grinnell settled there at about the same time, clearing and improving a farm and was there married; he died in 1867 ; his widow still sur vives him at the age of eighty -one years. Their children were as follows : Harrison, Susa (deceased), Henry G., and Mary (deceased). Henry G. Grinnell, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Wells township, educated in the common schools, and is a carpenter and painter by trade ; he has been more or less engaged in lumbering, but most of his life has been spent in farming. He resided in Wells town ship until 1866, and has since lived in Columbia, where he has engaged in farming and dairying. He was in the Civil War, enlisting in September, 1861, in Battery A, First New York Artillery, and after serving six weeks was honorably discharged on account of disability. He re-enlisted, in February, 1864, in Battery F, same regiment, and was honorably discharged June 27, 1865. He married, in December, 1865, Alice, daughter of Cornelius and Mary J. (Seeley) Daggett, of Jackson, Tioga Co., Pa., and has five children, as follows': Stowell E., Henry G., Jr., Mary A., Lorenzo and Jennie. Mr. Grinnell is a Republican in politics. CHARLES N. GROHS, of Grohs & Manley, grocers, Troy, was born in Northampton county, Pa., March 13, 1832, a son of Isaac and Christianna Wilhelm, and is of German descent. He was reared in his native State, received a common-school education, and learned the miller's trade, beginning his apprenticeship when fourteen years of age, in Luzerne county, and finishing in Troy in 1848. He settled in Troy toAvnship, and for fifteen years worked as a journeyman miller to Viele's mills, and two years as proprietor. In the spring of 1866, he located in Troy borough, and embarked in the grocery business, in Avhich he has since successfully continued, and has been a member of the firm of Grohs & Manley' since January, 1889. In 1856 he mar ried Deborah, daughter of Jacob Viele, of Schenectady, N. Y., and has two children : Minnie (Mrs. Fred H. Hoffman) and Charles V. Mr. Grohs is a popular grocer of Troy; is a member of the Episcopal Church and F. & A. M. ; has served as councilman of Troy borough one term; in politics, he is a Democrat. GEORGE H. HAFLETT, farmer, in Granville township, P. O. Windfall, was born in Gran\'ille toAvnship, this county, July 21, 1841, and is a son of William and Lucy (Hewitt) Haflett, natives of England, 852 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. who settled in Granville township about 1838, and cleared and im proved what is noAv known as the John L. Ferguson farm ; the father still resides in the township. They reared a, family of children as follows: Amelia (Mrs. John Reed) , John, Mary (Mrs. John C. May), George H. and William H. George H. was reared and educa ted in Granville, where he has always resided, and is one of the repre sentative farmers of the township. He married, December 14, 1862, Helen P., daughter of Philander and Betsey (Grantier) Case, of Canton township, and has one daughter, Hattie B. Mr. Haflett Avas in the Civil War, having enlisted February 19, 1864, in Company C, Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry. He participated in the battles of Selma (Ala.), and Macon (Ga.), besides other minor engagements; was wounded Avhile on picket duty on the Tennessee river, and was honorably dis charged at Macon, "Ga., August 23, 1865. He is a member of the G. A. R. and P. of H. ; politically he is a Republican, and has been assessor of Granville township five vears. JOHN W. HAFLETT, farmer,"of Granville township, P. O. Wind fall, was born in Providence, R. I., October 31, 1835, and is a son of William and Lucy (Hewitt) Haflett, Avho settled in Granville toAvnship, this county, about 1838. John W. Haflett Avas reared in Granville from three years of age, receiving a common-school education, has always followed farming, and has resided on the farm he now occupies since 1856, which he cleared and improved. He was in the War of the Rebellion, having enlisted August 1, 1864, in Company I, Fifteenth New York Engineers, and was honorably discharged from the service July 2, 1865, at Washington, D. C. He married, July 4, 1855, Delilah, daughter of Philander and Betsey (Grantier) Case, of Canton, by Avhom he has five children, as follows : Lucy (Mrs. Washington McCroy), David, George, Gladdus and Merton. Mr. Haflett is a mem ber of the G. A. R. and I. O. O.F. ; in politics he is a Republican. CALEB S. HAGER, farmer, Columbia township, P. O. Sylvania, was born in Hector, Tompkins Co , N. Y., November 13, 1818, and is a son of Isaac and Sally (Peck) Hager, and of German descent. He Avas reared in Tioga county, Pa., from five years of age, educated in the common schools, and after attaining his majority engaged in farming. In 1869 he settled in Columbia township, this county, locating on the farm he noAv occupies, on which he has made many improATements. He is a man of extraordinary musical talent, has been a teacher of both vocal and instrumental music for fifty-seven years, and plays nearly every instrument. He was twice married : first time to Maryett, daughter of Luther Tinkham, of Tioga countv, Pa., and by her he had four children : Frank, Nettie (Mrs. Samuel Bradford), Hattie (Mrs. James Rothrock) and Martin. His second wife was Hannah, daughter of John Fisher, of Union county, Pa., and by her he has three children : Coley, Gertrude (Mrs. Bert Strait) and Percy. Mr. Hager is a member of the Free-Will Baptist Church. In politics he is a Republican. FRANCIS II. HAGEMAN, farmer, P. O. Rummerfield Creek, was born February 1, 1823, in Northampton county, Pa., the young est of seven children of Joshua and Susanah (Dills) Hageman, natives HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 853 of New Jersey. He was united in marriage January 1, 1852, to Julia A., daughter of Philip Wideman, a native of this State, and they had six children, four of whom are living, as folio avs : Kate, born August 26, 1855, Avifeof George Kerrick; Susan A., born March 10, 1858,Avife of R. B. Kerrick ; Francis H., born December 25, 1866, married to Rose Bullock ; and Justin, born NoATember 8, 1868. ' Mr. Hageman Avas raised on his father's farm, and has followed farming and milling all his life. He came to this county about 1870, purchased the old Laporte homestead, and has over 300 acres of the north part of the farm, one of the finest and best farms in the county. This settlement was made in 1794 ; the first settlement of the French refugees and the grave and monument of their leader, John Laporte, is near his house. Mr. Hageman has always been a very successful farmer, wheat and potatoes being his principal crops ; also oaviis the mill near the mouth of Towanda creek, where he does a large business which is managed by his two sons, Francis H. and Justin. He is a Republican in poli tics, originally a Henry Clay Whig, for whom he cast his first vote for President. JOHN F. HAIGH, farmer and woolen manufacturer, of Pike township, P. O. LeRaysville, was born March 21, 1852, on the farm where he now lives, a son of Joseph and Harriet S. (Browning) Haigh, the former a native of Yorkshire, England, the latter of Bradford county, and of NeAV England descent. The father located at Pike in 1842, and was employed by William Black in the manufacture of woolen goods. In 1847, in company with Luther Stewart, he pur chased the factory of Mr. Black, and in 1856 he purchased the interest of Mr. Stewart ; then continued in this business until his death, which occurred June 22, 1890, at the age of seventy-five years; his wife died May 11, 1890. John F. Haigh was educated in the district, LeRays ville and Rome graded schools, and began teaching at twenty, being thus occupied ten terms; aside from teaching winters he ahATays remained at home and assisted his father on the farm and in the fac tory. In his father's family there were six children, viz.: Mary, Lucy W., John F., Emma M., Sarah Jane and William S. (latter deceased). Mr. Haigh is a member of the Republican party, and has held office in his township for many vears. HARRY L. HAIGHT, farmer, P. O. Durell, Avas born June 20, 1825. and is a son of George R. and Betsy O. (Curtis) Haight, natives of Chenango county, N. Y., and agriculturists. He came to Burling ton, this county, when a small boy, was reared on his father's farm and educated in the schools of that town. Mr. Haight came to Asylum township about 1871 and settled on his present farm, which is one of the best in the town, his residence being on one of the most beautiful locations in the State. He was a soldier in the War of the Rebellion, and Avas honorably discharged after Lee's surrender ; he is a Republican, and has taken an active interest in the affairs of the county ; Avas ten years a justice of the peace, and declined re-election for another five years. Mr. Haight was united in marriage, Decem ber 25, 1848, with Caroline, daughter of Evan O. Shiner, and born December 6, 1825 ; they have had seven children, six of whom are liv- 49 854 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ing, as folloAvs : George L., born January 29, 1849, a merchant, married to i\.dda Ackley; Vie C, born November 6, 1853, Avife of Samuel Stethers ; William B., born May 4, 1856, married to Bettie Bangston ; Carrie E., born April 19, 1862 (Mrs. Charles Frutchey); Perry S., born July 15, 1866, married to Ella Delong ; Alta D., born June 7, 1869, married to Katie Campbell, and living Avith his father. Mr. and Mrs. Haight are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Haight's grandfather was a Revolutionary soldier and saw great hardships and long service. CHARLES A. HAINES, physician, LeRoy, Avas born in Lehigh- ton, Carbon Co., Pa., a son of Charles and Julia (Buchman) Haines, Avhose family consisted of four children, of Avhom Charles A. is the second. He" came to LeRoy township, this county, in the spring of 1884, and purchased the old Bailey homestead, a property which Avas in a very dilapidated condition ; but by labor, ingenuity and enterprise he has converted the house into a beautiful cottage of modern style, while the ground has been graded and terraced so as to make the resi dence and ground an object of both admiration and beauty to the passer-by. He was reared in Schuylkill county, Pa ; educated at Union Seminary, Union county, Pa., Cedar Hill Seminary, Mount Joy, Pa., and the State Normal School of Bloomsburg, Pa., and then finished in the scientific course. Aftenvard he Avent into the office of Dr. H. D. Rentschler, one of the most eminent physicians in Schuyl kill county, Pa., afterward attending Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. Finishing his education at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, Md., where he was graduated, he began the practice of his profession in- Columbia county, Pa., from Avhich place he moved to LeRoy. When twenty-four years old he was married, at Mahanoy City, Pa., to Bella, daughter of John and Catherine Leiten- berger, natives of Germany, and to them was born, May 5, 1886, one child, Carlyle. Dr. Charles A. Haines thoroughly understands his profession, and has a large practice. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity and of seven other societies; also a prominent member of the County Medical Society. Politically, he is a Republican. When locating in Bradford county the Doctor had a hard and strong opposition to contend with, but now he has one of the largest country practices in Bradford county. He has a brother, Dr. John F. Haines, Avho is a practicing physician at Monroeton, Pa. JOHN F. HAINES. Monroeton, was born in Allenton, January 26th, 1864, a son of Charles H. and Julia A. Haines, and is of French and German descent. He was reared in his native State, where he recehreda normal-school education. In 1875 he accepted a position with the Phil adelphia & Reading Railroad Company as extra telegraph operator, and in 1877 he accepted a position at Phillipsburg, N. J , as telegraph operator for the Western Union Telegraph Company; a few months later he was promoted, and sent to New York by the same Company to work in their main office. In 1878 he left New York to accept a, position for the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad Company, so he could take up the study of medicine at the same time, devoting all his spare time in the study of medicine. In 1880 he received a position HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. , 855 as telegraph operator for the Tide Water Pipe Line Company, at Tamanend, Pa., and while employed by that Company he received the first message sent over the Tide Water Pipe Line Company's tele graph line, the message being sent by Mr. Eddy, of Mainville, Pa. In October, 1881, he attended the College of Physicians and Surgeons, corner of Calvert and Saratoga streets, Baltimore, Md., graduating in medicine in the spring of 1885. After standing a competitive examin ation, he was appointed resident physician and surgeon, for one year, in the Womans Hospital, and one year in the Surgical Department of the Bayview Hospital, and Asylum of Baltimore. In 1887 he located in LeRoy, this county, Avhere he remained two years. In 1889 he removed to Monroeton, where he has already succeeded in building up a large practice, and Avhere he has gained note as a skilled surgeon. Dr. Haines is a member of the Bradford County Medical Society, I. O. O. F. and P. 0. S. of A., and politically he is a Republican. MAJOR ELIAS W. HALE, a prominent citizen of Bradford county, Pa., was born December 13, 1816, in To Avanda township, in the residence he now occupies, and is a son of Reuben and Wealthy (Tracy) Hale. His father, a son of Gideon Hale, was a native of Glastonbury, Conn., and settled in Towanda township in 1799, when he purchased a tract of land on Towanda creek, of George Welles, and later bought lands adjoining, becoming an extensive property owner. On February 27, 1803, he married Wealthy, daughter of Isaac and Elizabeth (Rogers) Tracy, and lived in a log house on his property until 1810, when he erected the residence noAv occupied by his son, Maj. Hale, in which he resided until his death, which occurred January 30, 1825. He was born February 6, 1777; in 1810 he Avas appointed the first postmaster at ToAvanda, and served on the first grand jury called in Bradford county, and was for several years a justice of the peace. Among his business enterprises, outside of his farming interests, he operated a distillery, grist and saw mill, and he was a man possessed of rare business judgment ; in his day he Avas among the most prominent citizens of Bradford county. His wife, who was one of the first school teachers of Towanda, died April 12, 1854, aged seventy -five years; their children were: Eliza (Mrs. Gen. William Patton), Nancy (Mrs. Benjamin S. Spees), James T. (an eminent jurist and congressman of note), Reuben W. and Elias W. The subject of this sketch was reared on the old homestead to which hesucceeded by inheritanceand purchase ofthe other heirs' interests. He was educated in the common schools, and academy at Cazenovia, N. Y., followed engineering in the North' Branch Canal in early manhood, has always been engaged in farming and for many years Avas prominently identified Avith the lumbering and milling interests of Bradford county. He is now the owner of a large number of stores and dwellings in Towanda ; proprietor of a large planing mill and lumberyard, and erected and is the present owner of "Hale's Opera House" and block in Towanda, the opera house being the leading place of amusement in the borough. He has been a director of the First National Bank of ToAvanda since its organization ; was appointed major in the militia by Gov. Porter, in 1850, and is popularly known as Maj. Hale. He was married, September 7, 1854, to Mary J., daughter 856 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of Benjamin and Mary A. (Hale) Taylor, of Glastonbury, Conn., by whom he has five children living, as follows : Hon. James T. (a promi nent attorney of Duluth, Minn.), Benjamin T. (also a member of the bar), Elias W., Jr., Jennie M. and Anne (Mrs. John W. Codding). In 1850 Maj. Hale was appointed deputy United States marshal and took the census of Bradford county ; in 1864 he Avas one of the electors on the ticket that elected Abraham Lincoln to the Presidency for a second term ; politically he has been a stanch Republican since the organiza tion of the party, and in Avealth and public spirit he is one of the pres ent leading citizens of Bradford county. DARIUS CUSTER HALL, KNOWN IN BUSINESS LIFE AS D. C. HALL, Avas in trade in Towanda between 1844 and 1865. His mother was Temperance Custer, a woman of great force of character Avho reached extreme longevity, she Avas the daughter of a Revolu tionary soldier, and related to the branch of which the lamented Gen. Custer came. His father John Hall, a cooper by trade, came to Pennsylvania from Delaware. He drew a pension and Land warrant for his services in the War of 1812. It is not positively known whether this branch of Hall family Avas of English stock or from North Ireland. The father of John Hall, when in advanced years settled in Indiana, married a young wife and reared there a large family. D. C. Hall born in 1819 died in 1865. He had well learned the tinman's trade, and his first partner in business was Mr. Hentz. For a short time after purchasing Hardware stock of Daniel Lord, the firm Avas Hall & Walker in the Barstow building, next to nevv Presbyter ian Chapel on Court street. Afterward, Judge Russell came into the firm as Hall & Russell. This firm built the large building which burned in 1867, on site now occupied by Dye & Co. As Lameraux Hall & Russell, they had a foundry and stove business on the site of Eureka works. In 1860 D. C. Hall, with Col. J. F. Means and John McMahon run the line of mail coaches from Tunkhannock to Waverly Avith a passenger packet line from Athens. Having purchased interest of Judge Russell in 1857, he sold out hardware business to John A. Codding and Judge Russell. Avho for years continued that business. As School Director, he was instrumental in building the School House, corner of Pine and Second, the first School building owned by the Direc tors under Act of 1854. His name appears among those who caused the purchase of the first fire apparatus in town. He was a man of energy, quick intuitions, active, genial and generous. Owing to sick ness and a premature locating of a Hardware store at Dushore, Pa., he had reverses, but he was proud that he paid his debts. He was a believer in the truth of the Christian religion, a prominent member of the Masonic and other fraternities, and in politics, a Jeffersonian Democrat. At an early age he married Elizabeth daughter of Elder Isaac Post, who then kept hotel on site of present Reporter Journal building. At his death, he left three children, Charles M., Stella (Mrs. J. L. Thurber) and Anna (Mrs. G. W. Bruce). Charles M. Hall the elder at his father's death had struck out in his young days for the better openings of the West, and Avas finely located on the South shore of the copper region of Lake Superior near HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 857 Ontonagon. Reaching home after his father's death, he submitted to the duty of caring for his widowed mother and young sisters. A fter settlement of sisters he married in 1882 Miss Van Buskirk of Tomp kins county, N. Y., whose family were originally of Holland and Pennsyh^ania German ancestry, from Monroe county, Pa. His children are, Delos Custer, Chas. Sumner, and Cornelius. He was after disposing of Avholesale Liquor business, which he did not find quite congenial, engaged with Codding & Russell in the hardware store Avhich they had bought of D. C. Hall, and always received the highest wages even in his young days. After 1873 and the completion of the L. V. R. R. judging that the business had seen its best days in Towanda, he decided to practice law. He was admitted in 1877. In 1878 he was appointed a Magistrate with civil and criminal jurisdiction by Goa\ Hartranft. He was twice afterward elected against the Caucus Regular Republican candidate by Independent voters. At this time he is Register of Wills, Recorder, "and Clerk of Orphans Court. He was chosen on the Fusion ticket supported by both Democrats and Independent Republicans. Mr. Hall was a Republican until 1888, when he believed that the old war issues were settled, and that the Republican leaders were taking a new and unjustifiable extreme high-tariff posi tion, not in line, with previous Republican policy and highly opposed to the interests of the country. He saw that the Mills bill was a good tariff Avith as much protection as the farmers, and wage-earners of the country, could afford to concede the wealthy nabobs who had been plucking the people. He saw that such Republicans as David Wilmot, Henry Wilson, Gen. Grant, President Arthur, Chas. Sumner, with E. O. Goodrich and the Bradford Reporter had for years favored a still lower tariff than the Mills bill. Believing that the infant indus tries required less protection now than fifty years ago, he followed his convictions, in a county of 4,200 Republican majority, and united him self to the Democratic party as the best promoter of reduced taxation and tariff reform, unterrified by the misapplied and unjust appellation of " Free Trade Hall." He is a tariff reformer, but not as yet, a Free trader. Mr. Hall received his quota of school education at the Susquehanna Col. Inst., which he left at the age of thirteen, then a good classical scholar. Such matters as German, French, Shorthand reporting, he learned himself as necessary or expedient. In the period between 1870 and 1875 when the Good Templars were active he was much interested and was the presiding officer of the County Lodge. As a temperance candidate for County Treasurer he received the highest vote on the. ticket. Mr. Hail is one of a very few Avho have ever been elected to a County office, actually native of the borough of Towanda. H. L. Scott, Esq., was from the township, most officers credited to Towanda borough are those who have located there after election to some office. H. J. HALLOCK, jeweler, Wyalusing. Among the self-made men of this county, the gentleman whose name heads this brief sketch is deserving of special mention. He was born November 19, 1848, a son of Eli R. and Mary (Jaques) Hallock. His father's ancestors 858 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. were of English origin, and among the early emigrants to this country. Peter Hallock, the first of the family in the New World, came to Massachusetts in 1640, and was leader of the colony that came Avith him. His descendants have participated in all the Avars of the Colo nies, and afterward of the United States. Gen. Halleck, so famous in the Civil War, was of the same family, and many of them have acquired fame in the different professions. Eli R. Hallock was born in Orange county, N. Y., a son of Eli, Sr., and Mary Coleman, the former of whom was a shoemaker, and died in Wyoming county, November 30, 1879 ; his family consisted of seven children, six of whom are living. H. J. Hallock passed his boyhood in Northumber land and Meshoppen, receiving an academical education, and, being a close student, has acquired a store of knowledge superior in some branches to that of the average college graduate; completed the Chau tauqua course and graduated from the same. When thirteen years old ne was apprenticed to learn the av agon-maker's trade, and served four years; then entered a store as aelerk, and served four years, after which he went into the employ of R. B. Camp, of Wyalusing, and Avith him began to learn the jewelry business ; afterward was with James Searls, of Pittston, and then with John W. Tyler, of Scranton. In May, 1873, he began business for himself in Wyalusing borough, where he has since continued, and, by close attention and good busi ness tact, has made his trade a complete success. He carries lines of goods as extensive as is to be found in most city establishments of the same kind, and as a skillful workman he has no superior in the county. His beautiful store-room at the corner of Main and Church streets is well stocked with Avatches, clocks, jewelry, silverware, spectacles, opera glasses and musical instruments, guns, revolvers, ammunition, etc.; his first stock amounted to but $150, but he now carries thousands of dollars' worth, and his trade is constantly increasing. He owns the building in which his store-room is located, as Avell as his beautiful residence on Front street, which is excelled by none in the county for beauty of architecture, elegance of finish and conveniences ; it is heated on the three floors by hot air, and has hot and cold water on the first and second floors. Mr. Hallock was united in wedlock, September 29, 1875, with Susie Dodge, daughter of "Squire" John F.Dodge, of Terrytown, and Malissa (Elliott) Dodge; of a family of six children, she is the fifth. This union was blest with two children: One that died in infancy, and Lelia M. Mr. and Mrs. Hallock are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Wyalusing, of which he is trustee, steward and treasurer ; he is a charter member of White Lilly Lodge, I. O. O. F., No. 808, and was the third N. G. of the Lodge; he Avas a representative to the Grand Lodge in 1875-76, and again in 1890 ; was elected secretary of the Lodge in 1877, and has held that office since. He is an active Democrat, and has filled various town and borough offices. Mr. and Mrs. Hallock are among the most active workers in all church and benevolent enterprises of the section, and their doors are always open to any society for the advancement of their fellow mortals. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 859 J. S. HAMAKER, editor of the Rocket, Avas born in Columbia, Lancaster Co., Pa., and is the fourth child and second son of Henry R. and Ann E. (Ziegler) Hamaker, natiA'es of the same place. His father was a lumber manufacturer, and had a family of nine children — five sons and four daughters. His oldest brother died in April, 1891 ; of the other three, A. C, of Philadelphia, is general agent of the Nickel Plate R. R. Co.; Charles F. is a book-keeper in Philadelphia, and Walter S., of Philadelphia, is a commercial salesman. Of his sisters, two are dead; Mary E. is the wife of Charles P. Arnold, a clerk, of Reading, and Julia C. is the Avife of William P. Rowe, a pharmacist, of Rpadmg. Mr. Hamaker had only limited advantages of a common- school education. In his twelfth year, 1868, he commenced to learn the printing trade, in the Reading Times office, and completed his typographical education in 1872. He almost immediately left his home in Reading, and went first to the coal regions of Pennsylvania, where he Avorked for a short time ; thence to New York City Avhere he Avas employed at book and job printing. From there he went South, and worked in Georgia for a Avhile, returned to Pennsylvania, in 1873, and was employed at his trade in several States until 1877, when he went to South Carolina and became engaged in the mercantile and lumber business on the Big Pedee river, and was there until the fall of 1878, when he returned North to recuperate from a severe attack of fever. He remained in Reading until the spring of 1879, when he Avent to Towanda, Bradford Co., Pa., and took charge of the mechanical work of the Bradford Republican. He remained Avith this paper until 1882, when, in April of' that year, he went to Spartanburg, S.C., and became superintendent and assistant editor of the Spartan; but returned North the same year, and took charge of the Journal, published at Palmyra, N. Y.; in 1883 he returned to ToAA^anda and clerked in a furniture store for a time ; then went to Rome, Ga., where he secured a half-interest, in the Courier job office. In January, 1884, he returned to Towanda,and became engaged on the Bradford Reporter, and remained after the combination of the Reporter and Journal until September, 1888, when he purchased the Wyalusing Rocket, of C. A. StoAvell. Under his administration the business has increased greatly, and the paper has a very substantial circulation. After moving his office to the Larkin building, in October, 1890, Mr. Hama ker opened a stationery store also. He was united in Avedlock, December 31, 1883, with Anna Laurie, daughter of Seymour Smith, of Towanda, and they have one child, Frances, born March 3, 1887. In his political views Mr. Hamaker is Independent, having allied him self to no party. Mr. and Mrs. Hamaker occupy a high position among the people of Wyalusing. Mrs. Hamaker is a soprano singer with a Avide reputation. AARON HAMM, foreman L. V. R. R. blacksmith shops, at Sayre, is a native of Passaic, N. J., born June 19, 1843, and is a son of- John and Gertrude (Caldwell) Hamm, natives of France, who immigrated to Passaic county, N. J., in 1823. The father, who was a tailor, died in New Jersey in 1851, in his forty-fifth year; the mother died in June, 1877, in her sixty-seventh year. Aaron, who is the fourth in a family 860 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of seven children, was reared in his native place, receiving a common- school education, and began an apprenticeship at the blacksmith's trade. After working a short time, he enlisted for nine months, in September, 1862, in Company K, Twenty-fifth Regiment, N. J. V. I., and was in the battle of Fredericksburg," under Gen. Burnsides, and in the battle of Suffolk. He was mustered out at the expiration of his term, then went to Scranton and finished his trade at the end of four years; then moved to Kingston and Wilkes-Barre, when he worked two years ; then worked at his trade in the following places : Rhode Island, Patterson, Susquehanna county, Corry and Passaic; remained in Passaic about four years, and came from there to Sayre, September 19, 1875, and went to work in the railroad blacksmith shop at the junction; following year he was promoted to foreman, a position he has held since. He was married in Patterson, N. J., in 1867, to Miss Mary, daughter of Martin and Mary (Courdad) Bowman, natives of France ; she is the fourth in a family of eight children, and was born in France, November 11, 1844. To Mr. and Mrs. Hamm were born seven children, viz.: John, Emma, George, Charlie, Gertrude, Mary and Joseph. The family are members of the Roman Catholic Church. He is a member of the following beneficial organizations : Iron Hall, Golden Circle, Provident Life, C. A. and B. A., Sexennial League, and of the G. A. R., Jdartranft p0st, No. 7, of Passaic, and in politics he is a Democrat. A. C. HAMMERLY, farmer, P. O. Camptown, was born in Wur- temberg, Germany, July 9, 1842, a son of Jacob and Mary (Blocher) Hammerly. His mother's family came to this country over fifty years ago, and after his father's death, which occurred when he was eight years of age, his mother came to join her people here, and he was sent to an orphans' school in Switzerland. After a short period spent in that school he was apprenticed to learn the trade of brush-making ; he remained with his master eighteen months, and then came to America to join his mother and her family, being then seventeen years old. His parents had a family of eight children, viz : Frederick, a mechanic in the employ of Mason & Hamlin, the celebrated organ manufacturers, of Chicago ; Martin, of Chicago ; George, fanner of Iowa ; Jacob, Avho died in the army ; Michael, who died in LeRays ville in 1887; John, farmer, of Iowa ; Kate, married to Frank Nichols, of Kansas, and A. C. The subject of this sketch reached Herrick, where his parents then resided, and worked for a short time on a farm, then worked in the tannery of Snell & Saylor, of Potterville. On August 7, 1862, he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Forty- first Pennsylvania Volunteers, and served until May 28, 1865, when he was discharged at the close of the Avar; he participated in the bat tles of Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, where he Avas captured and Avas confined tAventy-eight days 'in Libby prison; he Avas then paroled, sent to Purcell Camp at Annapolis, Md.,and from there came home, Avalking the entire distance ; in the fall he was exchanged and rejoined his regiment at Brandy Station, Va., and Avas in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, North Anna, Siege of Petersburg, and at Appomattox at*Lee's surrender. After his return HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 861 from the army he Avorked for Mr. Conover in a tannery one year, then purchased his present property and built a tannery which he operated until 1880, when it was destroyed by fire; he then built a steam cider-mill Avith a capacity of from eighty to one hundred bar rels a day, which he still operates. He made his home in the township, with the exception of the years 1888 and 1889, which he spent in New York. Besides his cider-mill, which he operates through the season, he has a small farm. He Avas married February 21, 1866, to Sophia Armstrong, daughter of David Armstrong of Herrick ; this union has been blessed with three children: William D., Mamie B., and Myrtie L. Mr. and Mrs. Hammerly are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Camptown; he is a member of Hurst Post, No. 86, G. A. R.; also of Wyalusing Lodge, No. 503, I. O. O. F., and has taken all sub ordinate degrees, is past grand, and a member of Grand Lodge ; he is Republican in politics. CHARLES N. HAMMOND, physician, Bentley Creek, was born August 17, 1848, in Leroy township, this county, a son of John G. and Salome (Lamb) Hammond, farmers of the same township, former born near Elmira, N. Y., of English origin, and the latter born in Vermont, of Scotch-Irish lineage. The great-grandfather and his brother, Lebius Hammond, were among the pioneers of the Chemung valley, and the latter was the celebrated Indian fighter in Revolutionary times, Avhose deeds and exploits are mentioned in the "Annals of Binghamton." The grandfather, John Hammond, was a pioneer of Tioga county, Pa., at Elkland, and was knoAvn as "Uncle John." He was blind for forty years, the result of an accident. The cele brated Dr. William A. Hammond is also a relative of this family. The maternal grandfather, James Lamb, was one of the first settlers of this county at Troy, coming from Vermont about 1815. Charles N. Hammond was reared on his father's farm in Leroy township and was educated in the village schools of that township, and at Elkland, Pa. At the age of eighteen he began teaching, in which he continued thirteen terms, when he engaged as a traveling salesman, and studied medicine at the same time. He attended lectures, one year, at the Col lege of Physicians and Surgeons, of Baltimore, and finished his course at the University of New York, where he was graduated in the spring of 1887; was associated a short time at Canton with Dr. W. S. Lewis, and in the spring of 1888 located at Bentley Creek where he has since enjoyed an extensiAre and lucrative practice. The Doctor opened a drug store in the spring of 1891. He Avas married, September 25, 1872, to L. Celia Wilcox, of LeRoy, born September 25, 1852, a daughter of O. Lewis and Mary A. (Tillotson) Wilcox, whose family were among the early settlers of the township; her maternal grandfather was a Revolutionary soldier. Dr. and Mrs. Hammond hav-e had born to them two daughters: Emma S., born June 18, 1875; and Josie W., born May 4, 1878. He is vice-president of the County Medical Society, and a member of the State and American Medical Associa tions. Politically he is a Republican. RICHARD S. HANKINSON, farmer, of Herrick township, P. O. Rummerfield, was born in Sussex-county, N. J., July 25, 1841. His 86.2 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. father, William Hankinson, was born in Sussex county, N. J., Novem ber 9, 1812, and his grandfather, Aaron Hankinson, also a native of New Jersey, and a farmer, married Mary Wolf, and they had six children as follows : John, Joseph, William, Margaret (Avife of James Case), Catherine (wife of John Silverthorn) and Robert. William Hankinson attended school until his fourteenth year, and at eighteen began for himself and worked on a farm in New Jersey until 1847, Avhen he came to this county, and began farming. In 1865, in com pany Avith his son, Jacob S., he purchased seventy acres of land of Isaac Vosburgh ; in 1868 he sold his interest to Jacob, and purchased seventy acres in Rome township, and in 1882 he sold this to his son Alfred L., and daughter Elizabeth, with whom he lived until 1886, since which time he has lived with his son, Richard. He married, in 1837, Charity, daughter of Rodolphus Schoonover, and they had eleven children, viz.: Mary Ann, deceased; Martha J., Avife of S. A. Smith ; Richard S.; Obedfah P.; Jacob S.; Rodie M., wife of C. Dum mer; Elizabeth E.; Melissa A.; John; Alfred L. and Sarah C. Mrs. Hankinson died July 10, 1889. Richard S. Hankinson attended school in Standing Stone, Wysox and Camptown until he was twenty-one years. In October, i862, he was drafted into Company D, One Hundred and Seventy-first P. V. I., and went to Harrisburg, then to Washington, then to Suffolk, Va., and was employed at the latter place as reserve, five weeks ; then went to Harris Landing, and on a transport to New Berne, N. C, Avhere he remained until April 1, 1863; then was sent to Little Washington, N. O, and remained there until the latter part of June. While there he had an attack of typhoid malaria, was in the hospital, and never recovered until discharged ; but when his command left there he went through with them, though still very weak, and when they arrived at Fortress Monroe, July 2, his command was ordered to intercept the rebels, retreating from Gettysburg, he was obliged to remain in the hospital three weeks, and was sent to Baltimore, and from there to Harrisburg, where he was mustered out, August 8, 1863. While in the service he contracted chronic diarrhoea, from which he has never fully recovered. After returning home he was an invalid two months, then went to Elk county, and worked in the lumber mills two years; then purchased sixty-seven acres of land, and in 1870 purchased from George Dixon, seventeen and one-half acres, and in 1884, forty acres, making a total of 124 acres, and built his house in 1876, and an addition in 1883. He was school director from 1877 to 1888, is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and of Hurst Post, No. 86, G. A. R., and White Lilly" Lodge, No. 808, I. O. O. F., and in politics is a Democrat. In 1865 he married Harriet, daughter of William and Caroline (Hallock) Hillis, the second of a family of six children, and they have had seven children : Eldest died in infancy ; Mary C. (wife of E. Patten), Annie (died in infancy), Rosie B., Edward R., Bertha (deceased) and Gladdis. JAMES J. HANNON, hotel proprietor, Overton, is a natiA^e of Ireland, born March 3, 1844, a son of James and Honora (Hall) Hannon, of County Limerick. The family came to America in the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 863 year 1850, and first settled in OAvego, N. Y., and aftenvard, in 1852, removed to Towanda, in this county, and this was their home during the remainder of their lives. The father was a quiet day laborer, noted for his industry and frugality. He departed this life March 19, 1890 ; his good wife and helpmeet had preceded him to the grave, May 13, 1880. They had reared a family of six children, of whom James J. was the eldest, and Avas nearly seven years of age Avhen he came to this country with his parents. He had but slight school advantages in his young boyhood, and at a tender age assisted more or less in helping support the family. When he struck out in the Avorld for himself, he commenced driving stage coach on the route from Towanda to Troy, and Avas at this employ four years, when he Avas offered and accepted a position Avith the Barclay Coal Company as handler of live stock, a position of responsibility in which he remained the next nine years. By faithful work and severe economy, at the end of that time he had saved enough to start in life on his own account, and he removed to Overton and engaged in farming, and now possesses fifty-three acres of well-improved farm land. In 1877 he built his hotel in the village, Avhich he now manages in conjunction with his farm. J. J. Hannon and Mary E. SulliA'an were united in marriage, November 20, 1867; she is the daughter of John and Catherine Sulli van, who came to America from Ireland in 1835, and located in Towanda. Their children are: John, born June 20, 1869, died March 27, 1875; Mary, born July 28, 1870; Eddie J., born September 9, 1873 ; Kite, born July 6, 1875 ; Ella, born August 14, 1877, died in infancy; and Margaret, born June 2, 1879. The family are Roman Catholics in faith and practice, and are widely respected, and have many and warm friends. Mr. Hannon is a Democrat, and is accounted one of the leading and influential citizens of his township. PATRICK J. HANNON, farmer, Warren township, P. O. Cadis, is a native of County Sligo, Ireland, born August 15, 1846, to Patrick and Margaret (Dyer) Hannon, natives of the same place. The family came to America in 1851, first locating in Rhode Island, and then in 1859 removed to this county, settling in Warren township ; the father died December 20, 1875, and the mother March 3, 1878; in their family there were six children: John died in infancy in 1846, in Ireland, and James died in Rhode Island in 1852, aged fourteen ; the yet living are Mary (Mrs. Patrick Kellighan, who has three children and has buried three), Ann (Mrs. Michael Ryan, of O wego, a Avidow Avith three children, her husband having, died in 1889), Michael, married to Mary Taylor and resided in Warren township, died in 1881, and left a widow and seven children (their daughter Mary died in 1890, aged twenty-two) and Patrick J. Our subject grew to manhood in Wa,rren toAvnship and became a successful farmer and stock-grower. He received a small property by inheritance, but has mostly made by his own efforts, and is the owner of, 165 acres of farm land, highly improved and well stocked, with elegant farm buildings of all kinds. He was married in Susquehanna county, April 14, 1868, to Bridget, daughter of Owen and Susan (Gilhooly) McDonaugh, natives of Sligo, Ireland, who came to this country Avhen young and reared eight chil- 864 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. dren of Avhom Bridget was the fourth. By this marriage there Avas one child, William- P., Avhose mother died when he was six days old, March 26, 1869. Mr. Hannon married, the second time, in 1872, Mar garet M., daughter of Owen and Elizabeth (Gillorn) Hannon, of Ros common, Ireland, and by this marriage he had six children as follows : Mary E., Josephine C. (died in 1880, aged three years), Margaret B., Francis J., James P. and John M. The family are exemplary mem bers of the Catholic Church, and in politics Mr. Hannon is a Democrat. HON. STEPHEN D. HARKNESS, farmer, P. O. Springfield, was born January 31, 1823, in Springfield township, this county, a son of James and Martha (McLellan) Harkness, the former a native of Delaware county, N. Y., who removed to this township when fifteen years of age with his father. The grandfather of Stephen Avas a William Harkness, a Revolutionary soldier, and among the earliest settlers in" the township ; he purchased a possession of 300 acres, of Avhich Stephen and his son now own 250 acres. Stephen D. was the youngest of the family of four children, and was reared on his father's farm and educated in the school of the township; he has been a farmer. October 29, 1846, he married Eliza, daughter of Woodward and Rhoda (Cass) Berry, and they have tAvo children, as follows : Theressa 0.,born NoA'ember 21, 1850, married to Willard A. BroAvn, of Springfield, and Edson D., born August 28, 1855, married to Blanche Brace, and lives on a part of the original homestead. Mr. Harkness has always been a stanch Republican, and takes an active interest in political affairs ; he was first constable, then justice of the peace five years, and in 1881 was elected treasurer of the county, served one term, and was immediately elected associate judge, in Avhich position he served the county five years ; in the fall of 1878 was elected to the State Legislature, and served one term Avith honor. He is a member of the Free Masons and also of the I. O. O. F. Judge Harkness is a man much respected by a large circle of friends. Mrs. Harkness' family were settlers in Springfield township at a very early day; she is a consistent member of the Baptist Church. STEPHEN B. HARLOW, farmer, P. O. Wysox, was born in Monroe, Orange Co., N. Y., February 20, 1826, and is the only child of John B. and Elizabeth (King) HarloAv, natives of New York, and of French origin. He came to Bradford county in 1847, and located on his present home, taking up fifty acres on which there was a log house and a small clearing, made by Joseph Lent ; Mr. HarloAv has since added 100 acres to his first farm, and it has all been placed under an excellent state of cultivation. He Avas married, December 24, 1850, to Celestia, daughter of John and Zueba (Rowley) Allen, natives of Connecticut and of NeAV England lineage ; they "have one child, Celinda A., born February 27, 1852, married to Bradford C. Webb, who is engaged on the farm with Mr. Harlow. To Mr. and Mrs. Webb have been born three children : Harlow, born April 5, 1875 ; Susan, born March 29, 1878, died October 19, 1886 ; and Ralph, born October 13, 1887. Mr. Harlow is a very zealous advocate of Democracy, and has held the offices of commissioner and assessor. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 865 TITUS HARPS, farmer, Wyalusing township, P. O. Wyalusing, was born in Monroe county, Pa., December 25, 1840, a son of Jacob and Margaret (Bommon) Harps, natives of Monroe county, of whom the lat-. ter is still living. They had a family of thirteen children, Titus being the ninth. The father, who was a farmer, died in 1858, aged fifty -two years. Our subject was born and reared on a farm and educated in the common schools. The father dying Avhen Titus was eighteen years old, the latter had his own Avay to make, and followed farming and lumbering until June 17, 1861, when he enlisted in Company F, Fourth Pennsylvania Reserves, in which he served until June 17, 1864, and Avas mustered out at Philadelphia at the expiration of his term. He was in the battles of Bull Run, before Richmond, Fredericksburg, South Mountain, Antietam, Floyd's Mountain, and in numerous minor engagements. Returning from the army he engaged in farming which he has followed until. the present time. Mr. Harps resided in Monroe county until 1868, and since then has lived in different sections of Brad ford county. In 1869 he purchased a place in LeRaysville, and in February, 1891, purchased his present place. Mr. Harps was married July 28, 1866, to Mary Ann, daughter of Jacob Waiters, a prominent farmer of Wyoming county, and this union has been blessed with three children : Morris A., married to Rose Jacoby, a farmer of Spring Hill, this county ; Nettie and Jacob L., still with their parents. Mr. and Mrs. Harps are members of the Spring Hill Methodist Episcopal Church; he is a member of Hurst Post, No. 86, G. A. R., CamptoAvn, and, politically, is identified with the Republican party. ARTHUR H. HARRIS, foreman of Fuller's mill, Wyalusing, was born in Cheltenham, England, February 7, 1862, a son of Anthony and Sarah (Done) Harris, the former of whom was a farmer, and passed his life in England ; he had a family of tAvelve children, five of whom came to America, viz.: Edward, Peter, George, Thomas and Arthur H.; Edward is a steamboat engineer residing in Canada; Peter is operating a large stone quarry at Rockey Forest, this State ; George is secretary of the Union Glue Company, of Brooklyn ; Thomas returned to England a few years ago Avhere he now resides. Our sub ject came to America, October 9, 1873 ; he attended school at Guilford, N. Y., also at Elmira ; then went to Black Walnut, Pa., and worked in the quarries there, learning the trade of stone cutter, where he remained until 1877, when he returned to England and enlisted in the English army, and Avas at once sent Avith his brigade to India to engage in the Afghanistan war ; there he remained three years, endur ing all the hardships of the Indian climate and native warfare; marching far into the interior, and meeting with numerous adventures; he Avas stricken with Indian fever. He was discharged May 11, 1881, having risen to the rank of corporal before leaving the service. From India he returned to England, Avhere he remained a short time, and then came to America, locating at Wyalusing, and worked at the carpenter's trade about one year, then entered the employ of I. C. Fuller, as fore man of his lumber mill, which position he has since held. He was united in marriage January 20,1885, Avith Mary, daughterof Jabob Vananken, a nurseryman and farmer of Wyalusing. To Mr. and Mrs. Harris 866 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. have been born two children : Ellen and Clair ; politically Mr. Harris is identified with the Democratic party; he is a member of White Lilly Lodge, No. 808, I. O. O. F., and has taken all subordinate degrees. CHARLES V. HARRIS, locomotive engineer, L. V. R. R., Sayre, is a native of Elmira, N. Y, and was born April 22, 1851. His parents Avere Joseph H. and Mary (Cooley) Harris, the former a native of Luzerne county, and the latter of Elmira, N. Y. The father, Avho was a farmer, was born in November, 1822, and died in St. Paul, Minn., in October, 1890; the mother resides in St. Paul. The great-grandfather Harris Avas a soldier in the Revolutionary War under Gen. Sullivan. Charles V. is the eldest in a family of six children, of whom three are living. He was reared in Elmira until the age of twelve years, when they removed to this county. He received a common-school education, and began braking on the L. V. R. R. in April, 1873, and commenced firing in July, 1874; Avas promoted to engineer May 4, 1880, and has held the position since. He was married in Chemung in January, 1873, to Emma, daughter of Samuel and Melvina (Mower) Coddington, natives of SulliATan county, N. Y., former of Avhom Avas a millwright, and died in 1860; the latter now resides with Mr. Harris in Sayre. Mrs. Harris is the second in a family of three living children, and Avas born in Sullivan county, N. Y., in October, 1852. To Mr. and Mrs. Harris have been born three children : John C, Guy M. and Jessie M. Mr. Harris is a member of the F. & A. M., Waverly Lodge, No. 407, of Cayuta Chapter, No. 215, of St. Oner's Commandery, No. 19, Elmira, also a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, Division No. 380. Mrs. Harris is a member of the Sexennial League. Mr. Harris is a Republican. NATHANIEL CLAPP HARRIS, president First National Bank, Athens, is the oldest living native of Athens, and he has never had any other residence. He was born on the 15th of March, 1820. His father, Alpheus Harris, a native of Connecticut, was one of the early settlers of Athens township. He resided on a farm near " Spanish Hill," until his death, about forty years ago. The subject of this sketch, like most boys of that time, had limited school facilities, and at a very early age, before he had reached his " teens," left the school-room to engage as clerk in his uncle's store. Being endowed Avith a bright intellect, and possessed of a laudable ambition to excel in his chosen vocation, his spare moments were employed in laying the foundation for that broad and practical education upon which his success in life has been builded. Soon after attaining his majority, Mr. Harris Avas tendered and accepted a partnership with the late Col. Charles F. Welles, Avho had established a large general store here. Col. Welles being engaged in other business demanding his attention, the manage ment of the store devolved largely upon the junior partner, and the business not only prospered, but the young man, by close application, sterling integrity and courteous manners, won an enviable reputation as the most enterprising and successful business man in all this section. Largely through Mr. Harris's efforts the First National Bank Avas organized in 1865, and the following year he was elected its President — HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 86? a position he has ever since held — and under his management the bank has always ranked with the soundest financial institutions in the country. Politically, Mr. Harris Avas originally a Whig, and, naturally united with the Rebublican party with the large majority of Whigs, Avhen that organization came into existence as the exponent of anti-slavery sentiment. By nature earnest and enthusiastic, he has always taken a lively interest in politics, purely from principle, as he has steadfastly declined proffered political honors ; his only deviation in this regard was Avhen he accepted the appointment of postmaster aAvay back in the forties, because the citizens requested it on account of the eligible location of his store. Hr. Harris is peculiarly a domestic man, and finds his chief recrea tion in his own pleasant home, in the company of his loyal and loving family. He is an enthusiastic Athenian, ready to aid enterprises designed to build up the town or benefit any citizen. It is to his gen erous, unselfish financial backing that Athens is indebted for some of her most prosperous industries. In his benefactions he is modest and unostentatious, but gives liberally to churches, schools and Avorthy charities, Avhile conservative and economical in his personal expenses. The industrious habits, and careful business methods of his younger days are still observed, and few men give as many hours and as much thought to business as Mr. Harris, now in his seventy-second year. Thanks to abstinence from intoxicating liquors and tobacco,, and to a proper observance of the laws of health, he is still as vigorous and active mentally and physically as most men in the prime of life. He can truthfully be said to possess "a sound mind in a healthy body." Mr. Harris has been twice married: the first time in 1853; his wife dying in 1861, he was married the second time in 1863. The ladies were sisters, daughters of the late George Kirby, of Nichols, N. Y. Four children have been born to him, of whom one is dead, one mar ried and the other two are still at home. As an upright, honorable citizen, a loyal Athenian, an enterprising, incorruptible, sagacious busi ness man, as a kind husband and indulgent father, Mr. Harris may justly be pointed to as a model. DAVID W. HARSHBARGER, physician, New Albany, was born in Centre county, Pa., June 27, 1829, "a son of Jacob and Hannah (Palmer) Harshbarger, the former of whom Avas born in Germany, and came to America about 1795, Avhen six months old, with his parents, who settled in Centre county, Pa., and Avere farmers ; he died at forty-five years of age ; the mother Avas a native of New Jersey, and died at the age of sixty-six ; her maternal grandfather, Joseph Davis, was a soldier in the War of the Revolution, and served in the commis sary department. Our subject was educated at the village school and Bellefonte, Pa., and was engaged in the milling business many years ; he studied medicine in 1863-64-65 with Dr. L. A. Mason, of Towanda, Pa., and in April, 1866, engaged in the practice of his profession at New Albany, where he has enjoyed an extensive and lucrative prac tice. He Avas married, March 9, 1851, to Permelia Frank, of New Berlin, Pa., born January 14, 1825, a daughter of Phillip and Sarah (Shreffler) Frank, of German origin. There have been born to them 868 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. three children, as follows : Edward IL, died at the age of tAventy years ; W. Frank, born November 11, 1853, a physician in New Albany ; Charles O., born October 6, 1857, in the furniture trade at Towanda. The Doctor is a member of the County Medical Society, of the I. O. O. F., and is a Mason. He is a Republican in politics, but devotes his attention exclusively to his profession, and has long been the lead ing physician in the township. JTAMES A. HAWTHORN, farmer, P. O. Windfall, was born in Granville township, this county, April 16, 1844, a son of James and Mary (Ferguson) Hawthorn, natives" of County Armagh, Ireland, who came to America in 1842, settling in Granville township, this county, where they improved a farm. They had five children who grew to maturity, viz .: James A., John, Orrin, Frank and Mary, of whom James A. and John Avere in the Civil War, John serving one year in Company F, Eleventh Pa. Cavalry. James A. enlisted February 19, 1864; Avas wounded in the left thigh and left temple, in front of Petersburg, and was taken prisoner there, but was recaptured by his friends. He was honorably discharged from the service August' 19, 1865. He carried a musket ball in his head twelve years, Avhen it dropped out through his mouth. Since the Avar he has been engaged in agricultural pursuits on the farm Avhere he now resides, in Granville toAvnship. On April 4, 1877, he ma,rried Gertrude, daughter of Silas and Sally (Ayres) Packard, of Canton township, this county, and has four children : Hugh, Carrie, Dent and Lou. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics is a Republican. BERT HAYDEN, division freight agent for the L. V.R. R., Sayre, is a native of Sayre, this county, and was born March 19, 1844, a son of Sidney and Florilla E. (Miller) Hayden, natives of Connecticut. The father was born in Connecticut in 1813, and removed to this county about the year 1839; he was a brick manufacturer in early life, and then a contractor and builder. He was a Thirty-third Degree Mason, and Avas an author of considerable note on Masonic subjects ; a work of marked ability written by him was "Washington and his Masonic Compeers." He was appointed postmaster at Sayre in 1885, and served until the time of his death April 4, 1890. Mrs. Florilla E. Hayden died in 1868. Bert Hayden is the second in order of birth in a family of four sons and one daughter. He went to work for the L. V. R. R. Company in 1870, and was promoted to his present position in July, 1887. He was married, in 1877, to Miss Ruth E. Lester, and to them were born two children : Paul L. and Robert. Mrs. Hayden is a member of the Episcopal Church ; Mr. Havden is a Democrat. WILLIAM S. HEATH, farmer, of Burlington township, P. O. Burlington, was born in Wyoming county, Pa., September 14, 1829, a son of William A. and Watie (Adams) Heath, natives of Greenwich, Washington Co., N. Y., and of English extraction. They removed to this State when young people, and were early settlers in Wyoming county, where they engaged in lumbering and farming; they reared a family of six children, one of whom, Charles, was a soldier in the Civil War. William S. Heath was brought up on the farm, and engaged in farming for himself when he arrived at his majority. He has5 been HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 869 tAvice married, first time to Esther Prentice, whom he married in 1849, and they had one son, and one daughter (deceased). Mrs. Heath died in 1855, and September 27, 1856, Mr. Heath married Mary A. Jacoby, of Wyoming county, who Avas born April 9, 1831, a daughter of Leonard and Judith (Williams) Jacoby, of Mehoopany township. They have had born to them four children, three of Avhom are living : George W., born August 7, 1859, a dealer in hay and grain ; Berton M., a farmer in Burlington township, born June 7, 1862, married to Eva Place, of Mehoopany; and Clark D., born June 17, 1868, a teacher of publio schools. Richard, the son by the first marriage, born June 16, 1854, is a coal miner, and resides in Tunkhannock. Mr. Heath removed in 1877 to his present farm in Burlington township, which consists of over 220 acres of fine land, where he and his sons carry on a general farming and dairying business. He is a Republi can, but gives little attention to political matters. The family are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are much respected people. EDWARD HEIDT, Monroe toAvnship, P. O. Kipp, is a prominent farmer and stock grower, and is also a sawmill operator in Monroe and Overton townships. He is of German birth, born February 17,1839, at Saxony, a son of Peter and Catherine (Oxrider) Heidt. The family came to America in 1853, and first stopped in Sullivan county, N. Y., where the father died in 1883, and the mother in 1887. They had a family of six children of whom EdAvard was the second. He con tinued with his father's family until 1886, when he came to Bradford county and located in Monroeton. His people were of the plain and frugal agricultural class, that ordinarily were satisfied to impress upon their children the most wholesome moral lessons, combined Avith instruction in industry and economy, restraining, rather than culti vating, luxurious tastes and desires that in more modern times are largely forgotten in rearing children. Mr. Heidt commenced life on his OAvn account poor, but has Avorked his way to comfort and competence, and his homestead, with its solid evidences of comfort on every hand, consists of 450 acres of highly improved land, partly in Monroe and partly in Overton township, Avhich is not only highly improved, but is Avell stocked with superior domestic animals. Edward Heidt and Mary Hirwood were united in Avedlock, October 24, 1865. Her father, John Hirwood, and family came to America in 1853, and located in Sullivan county, N. Y. To this happy union Avere born the following children: Gertrude, wife of Nelson Madill; Catherine, wife of Albert McCadden; Barbara, wife of George Green; John, died at the age of sixteen ; Peter, Caroline, Elizabeth and Joseph. The family are exemplary members of the Roman Catholic Church, and all are of the highest respectability. Mr. Heidt votes the Democratic ticket, but really takes no further interest in politics than that of a patriotic desire for the permanent good of all. ALFRED C. HENSON, proprietor of Troy meat market, Troy, AVas born in West Burlington, this county, July 22,«1849, and is a son of Simeon and Julia A. (Corby) Henson. His paternal grandfather, Elisha Henson, formerly of Windham, Conn., was a pioneer of West 60 870 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Burlington township, where he built a grist and saw mill, which he operated for some years, and later he purchased a farm in the same township, which he cleared and improved, and there died ; his wife was Experience Pratt, by whom he had six children : Erastus, Simeon, Simon, Martha (Mrs. David Corby), William and George. His mater nal grandfather was John Corby, formerly of Newack, N. J., and a pioneer of Granville township, this county. Simeon Henson, father of our subject, Avas a native of Windham, Conn., was reared in West Burlington township, and followed farming there until 1871; is now a resident of Troy. He had seven children who grew to maturity : Louise (Mrs. Ge"orge Porter), Susannah (Mrs. Alden Fleming), Maria (Mrs. John Ray), Charles A., Betsey, Adelia (Mrs. Francis Chilton), Cordelia (Mrs. James Benjamin) ; the last two daughters were twins. Our subject was reared in West Burlington, was educated in the common school, and, after reaching his majority, engaged in farming, later at butchering, and in October, 1886, located in Troy, where he has since been the successful proprietor of the Troy meat market. He has been twice married: his first Avife Avas Lucelia, daughter of D. W. C. Ayres, of Troy township, by whom he had two children : Hurley and Lottie; his second wife was Lelia, daughter of Hoyt Cbaple, of Leroy township, by whom he had two children : Horace and Hillis. Mr. Henson is a member of the Disciple Church, and he is a Republican. MOSES D. HERMAN, farmer, P. 0. Wellsburg, N. Y., was born October 10, 1821, in Monroe county, Pa., a son of Stephen and Eliza beth (DePue) Herman, natives of the above county and of German ancestry, their parents on both sides having been born in Germany. The father, who was a mason by trade, settled in Wellsburg in 1826, and in 1837 located in Ridgebury on a farm near where Moses D. now resides ; he died at the age of seventy-five years. The subject of this sketch Avas reared on the farm, which occupation he has continued to, follow, and is now the owner of a well-improved farm of 100 acres. He Avas married October 29, 1844, to Polly Burt, who was born Feb ruary 12, 1823, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Hammond) Burt, of Ridgebury. Her mother Avas a niece of Eebius Hammond, the cele brated Indian fighter in the time of the Revolution ; her father was the first postmaster in Ridgebury, Avhich position he held many years. Mr. and Mrs. Herman have had born to them children, as folloAvs : Elizabeth, wife of James H. Wood, of Chemung county, N. Y., a farmer and supervisor of the town in which he lives (Avas lieutenant in the Civil War, in the service four years); Franklin, a farmer, married to Mary Durland, of Wellsburg, N. Y.; Helen, wife of Leland J. Webb, an attorney at law in Kansas, and the commander-in-chief of the Sons of Veterans of the United States; Alice, Avife of Edwin Westbrook, a conductor on the Lehigh Valley Railroad. Mr. Herman is a Republi can in politics, having voted the Republican ticket since the organiza tion of the party, but his sympathies are with the temperance cause; he has giATen his attention to his business rather than to politics, and is much respected in 'the community. He wastown commissioner during the Rebellion, and devoted the most of his time to furnishing men and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 871 money for the Union Army. He Avas drafted in 1864, but Avas exempt on account of disabilitv. EDWARD CURRAN HERRICK (deceased) was a native of Athens, born June 22, 1814. and died November 18, 1884. He was a son of Hon. Edward and Celestia (Hopkins) Herrick, being the second in a family of three children. He Avas educated for the bar, and studied law with his father, Judge Herrick ; also devoted considerable time to art, but after a time had to give up the practice of his profes sion on account of poor health ; then turned his attention to farming and stock-raising. He was married in Athens, March 24. 1836, to Miss Eliza, daughter of Francis and Anna (McDuffee) Tyler, the former a native of Goshen, N. Y., and the latter of Ireland, having immigrated to Buck's county, Pa., with her parents, when two years of age ; from there they removed to Athens township (she was the second in a family of six children, and was born July 28, 1813, died September 12, 1887). To Mr. and Mrs. Herrick were born five children, of whom one died in infancy : James W. served during the Civil War, and his health becoming impaired while in the service, his father thought a change of climate might be beneficial to him, and consequently he bought a plantation in Camden county, Ga.« containing 5,233J acres ; he died November 4, 1878. George, who during his life had been cashier of the Waverly State Bank, died May 3, 1884. Hugh T. is a resident of Waverly. Edward Francis resides on the old homestead in Athens township, and carries on farming and dairying. He is a Dem ocrat. There are feAv names connected with the more modern history of Bradford countA' that will be longer remembered than that of Judge Herrick. JAMES W. HIBBARD, postmaster, and dealer in general mer chandise, Austinville, was born in Minnisink, Orange Co.. N. Y.. December 18, 1848, and is a son of Daniel W. and Lucy (Hulse) Hibbard. He was reared in his native county until eighteen years of age, when he located at Roseville, Tioga Co., Pa., and engaged as clerk in a general store, serving in that capacity seven years. In the latter part of 1S75 he located at Austinville, this countv, where he succeeded to the general merchandising business of the late A. B. Austin, and has conducted a successful trade since. He has held the office of post master since January 25. 1886. In October, 1871. Mr. Hibbard mar ried Julia A., daughter of John and Julia (Lay) Furman, of Bradford county, and has three children : Gertrude, Florence and Mabel. Mr. Hibbard is the only dealer in general merchandise at Austinville, and is an enterprising and worthy citizen. He is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., No. 326. of Austinville, and in politics he is a Democrat. MAURICE HICKEY, farmer, in Warren township, P. 0. Warren Centre, is a native of County Clare, Ireland, born in 1829. a son of James and Catharine (McNamarra) Hickey, natives of the same "ould sod,"' a family of sturdy yeomen who migrated from the •• beautiful isle" in April. 1841, bringing a family of ten children, in time to have their household ready for the Civil War. The family located on the farm now occapied by the subject of this sketch, where the father died in 1876, aged eighty-two years, and where his widow survived to the 872 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. extreme age of ninety-seven, dying in 1887. Their ten immigrant children, of whom Maurice is the sixth, and was aged twelve when he reached the land of the free, received his education in the schools of the neighborhood in Warren township, and commenced life on his own account, a farmer. He owns 110 acres of as valuable land as is to be found in the county. He was married in Susquehanna county, May 1, 1854, to Ann Ryan, daughter of Thomas and Jane (Hastings) Ryan, also natives of County Clare, Ireland ; her father's family came to this country in 1831, including two children, Edmund and Ann, the former of whom Avas killed in the War of the Rebellion. Mrs. Hickey's mother died in Ireland in 1833, and her father in Warren township in 1877. Ann grew to womanhood chiefly in her native place, and there Avas educated. To this marriage there is no issue, but Mr. and Mrs. Hickey have reared three children, as follows : Alice (Mrs. John J. Fitzmorton), of Elmira (has two children, Walter and Jane); James a resident, it is supposed, of California, a commercial traveler; and Annie, Avho is Avith her parents. The family are exemplary and prominent members of the Catholic Church, and in politics Mr. Hickey is a Demo crat. The brothers and sisters of Mr. Hickey Avere as follows : Mary (Mrs. James Allyn), died in 1885, leaving five children ; Cornelius, married to Mary O'Donnell, has three children, and is a resident of Rhode Island ; John, married to Mary Carey, resides at Owego (has five children); Ann (Mrs. Cornelius Conley, is in Susquehanna county, has seven children); Catherine (Mrs. John Gamble, in Wisconsin, has nine children); Ellen (Mrs. Richard O'Donnell, in Binghamton, had twelve children, seven living); Bridget (Mrs. Edward Burk, of Susque hanna county, has three children); Margaret (Mrs. Michael Fitz gerald, of IoAva, has five children); and James (married to Ellen Connors, is a resident of Pittsburgh, has six children). A. H. HICKOK, farmer, South Creek township, P. O. Fassetts, was born in Troy, February 4, 1821, a son of Stephen and Ruth (Elsworth) Hickok, natives of Vermont. Their grandfathers were Revolutionary soldiers, descended from English parentage. Stephen Hickok removed to this county about 1790, locating near Troy; he Avas a carpenter, which trade he followed ; he'li\7ed near Troy about thirty years, then moved to Columbia Cross Roads where he resided fifteen years. He died in 1856 in his seArenty-sixth year ; his family consisted of six children, five of whom grew to maturity and tAvo are noAv living. The subject of these lines was the third of the family, and was reared and educated in Troy at the common school; wbentwenty-six years of age, May. 1847. he married Hulda, daughterof Nicholas B. and Anna Smith, of Columbia Cross Roads, and there were four children born to them who grew to maturity, three now living, as folloAvs: William, married to Ella Stratton, Nicholas and Thadeus ; the two latter are unmarried. Mr. Hickok is a general farmer and has lived twenty-five years on his present farm which consists of 100 acres of fertile land ; lie contemplates building a new residence in the near future ; he has two fine colts, of registered horses " America Empron " and " Hamble tonian." Mr. Hickok is an enterprising citizen. HISTORY OF BRADFORD OOUNTY. S'iS NEWTON HICKOK, proprietor of billiard parlors, Troy, Avas born in Troy township, Bradford Co., Pa., September 27, 1846, and is a son of Aaron R. and Clarissa A. (Middaugh) Hickok ; his paternal grandfather, Stephen Hickok, formerly of Pittsford, Rutland Co., Vt., settled in Troy township, this oounty, in 1807, and for many years was employed at Long's mills; his ohildren Avere: Aaron R., Deborah (Mrs. F. Ashley). Aaron R. Hickok was reared in Troy from three years of age, and in early life settled on the farm now OAvned by subject, which he cleared and improved, and there died ; his Avife Avas a daughter of Cornelius Middaugh, of Tioga oounty, Pa., by whom he had the following named children : William L., Phebe A. (Mrs. Reuben Stiles), Henry IL, Stephen O, Helen M. (Mrs. Jareu S. Man- ley), Manley and Newton. Our subject was reared in Troy township; he enlisted" in the Civil War, October 16, 1861, in Company C, One Hundred and Sixth Pennsylvania Volunteers, and after three years' service Avas honorably discharged, October 18, 1864, he participating in forty engagements and skirmishes. From October, 1864, to 1876 he Avas engaged in farming on the old homestead, which he still oAvns, and from 1876 to 1889 conducted a meat market in Troy, since Avhich time he has been the proprietor of a billiard parlor in Troy. In 1879 he married Georgia, daughter of Hi ram SAveet, of Wellsburg, Pa. He is a member of the I. O. O. F. and G. A. R.; in politics he is a Republican. FRANCIS R. HICKOCK, farmer, P. O. LeRoy, was born in Troy township, this county, May 11, 1837, a son of Hiram H. and Fanny (Kipp) Hickock, natives of Troy and Ulster county, N. Y., respect ively. Grandfather James Hickock was a man of enterprise, and Avas engaged in various pursuits ; had been a hotel-keeper, cloth-fuller and Avas also a farmer on a limited scale ; he looated in Troy in 1809, and erected the first foundry there. Hiram II. Hickock's family consisted of three sons and three daughters, the subject of these lines being the eldest. He was reared in Troy, and educated in the common school. During the War of the Rebellion he served his country in Company C, Third Pennsylvania Artillery, headquarters at Fortress Monroe. After send ing a term of tAvo years, he was honorably discharged, and noAv draws a pension of $8.00 per month. He has never married, but lives with his mother on a small and comfortable farm on the ToAvanda creek ; he is a member of the G. A. R. Post, also of the I. O. O. F., and in politics he is a Republican. F. M. HICKS, contractor and builder, Rome, is a native of Wysox, this county, born July 21, 1847, and is a son of Hugh and Catherine (Miller) Hioks, agriculturists, the father a native of Warren county, N. J. The paternal grandfather, Avith two brothers, emigrated from London in Colonial times, and all three served under Gen. Washington. The maternal grandfather was F. Miller (widely known as " Freddie"), avIio Avas an inn-keeper near Washington, N. J., Avhere he died, aged ninety, and his wife, of German descent, died at the advanced age of ninety-six. The father of F. M. Hicks had a family of seven children, as follows : Willie (died young), Sarah M., John, Jane M., George Oliver, F. M. and Norman. Hugh Hicks died in May, 1877; his 874 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Avidow survives, aged seventy-six years. F. M. was obliged to quit school at the age of nine, on account of ill-health, and when but four teen years old, July 8, 1861, he enlisted as a drummer in the Twenty- eighth P. V. I., and Avas soon after discharged, but again enlisted, in 1863, in the emergency call of the State, where he served three months, and in December, 1863, again enlisted, at Owego, N. Y., in Company L, Fifth New York Cavalry, Capt. George C. Morton, and was in the service until finally mustered out, June 19, 1865, having experienced as hard service as did any of the survivors of the war. He was in the battles of the Wilderness, Hanover Court House, and in Wilson's unfor tunate raid, where the Union forces were disastrously defeated, and among the prisoners captured by the enemy was Mr. Hicks. An account of his months of prison life, from June 28, 1864, until April following, is a story of unspeakable horrors, and his unvarnished story, told without passion, is well-nigh incredible, when taken with the fact that he survives to tell it. In sickness, starvation, covered with vermin, and exposed to the pitiless elements, and under the sleepless eye of guards that were instructed to shoot down victims for small infraction of the rules, and then at times sentenced to the yet greater agonies of the dungeon, a veritable " Black Hole" itself, without ventilation, and with puddles of water for beds, were the long-drawn-out days and months of this captive's experience. HaA'ing experienced the worst of Libby and Anderson ville, under the heartless Wiltz, and others no less cruel, he was finally carried to Richmond on the way to an exchange, and from there to Goldsboro. The awful condition of the sufferers is slightly shown in the fact that, of twenty-eight Avho had been loaded in a box car, nineteen were dead when the box was opened at Rich mond. From Goldsboro he was sent to Egan's landing, and then sent by ambulance to the Union lines, and transported to the Annapolis Hospital, and after long suffering, Avhen able to walk, was sent home on furlough. When captured he" weighed 168 pounds, and when sent home, ninety-six pounds. In 1866 he learned the carpenter's and joiner's trade at Williamsport, then removed to Towanda, and worked in Frost's factory until 1873, yvhen he returned to Williamsport, and was pat tern-maker one year ; then made his home in Rome, and engaged as contractor and house builder until 1877, when, Avith his brother, he engaged in the furniture trade, which they continued until 1880. In that year he Avent to Philadelphia, and became a commercial traveler for the house of Wanamaker, and represented various houses, but, his health failing, he returned to his present home. F. M. Hicks and Charlotte Mann were joined in wedlock in June, 1865 ; she is a daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Weaver) Mann, na,tives of New York. To this union have been born the following children : Nellie M.; Charles Whitney, farmer, in Wysox; Samuel, bookkeeper, in Philadelphia; Mary and George, with their parents. The family Avorship at the Presby terian Church, and are Avidely esteemed by all Avho enjoy their inti macy in social life. Mr. Hicks is not only "a prominent Democrat, but is a member of the State Democratic Central Committee ; is a charter member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R., and has filled all the offices except commander, and is a member of the Cavalry Societv of the United States. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 875 MRS. DOLLY HILL, Windham township, P. 0. North Orwell. " This venerable Mother in Israel " has come to us from a former gen eration, a typical heroine of the " kingdom of the dead yesterdays," and the story of her strange, eventful life may well be reckoned in this age as a part of sacred history. Her father was Thomas Fox, who died in 1827, and her mother survived until 1854. John Hill was the father of Chester Hill ; he came from Massachusetts to Owego, and settled on the place called the "Deep Well District;" he was a mechanic and put up the first frame house in Owego ; he had preceded his family to the wild Avestern wilderness, and Avhen he sent for them to join him, the brave mother hired a man to transport herself and eight children to Otsego lake, where she purchased canoes, lashed them together, loaded them, mostly Avith children, and bravely floated down to OAvego. The family remained at this place until 1812, when they came to Orwell. Altogether there were eleven children in this family. The descendants of John Hill number 160, and at a recent family reunion were the twin sons, Chauncey and Chester, aged eighty- six, who Avere a part of the " luggage " in that canoe voyage mentioned above, which was made in 1794. Of these twins, Chester Hill married Dolly Fox, who was born in Glastonbury, September 11, 1796, the daughter of Thomas and Chloe Fox, and came to Bradford county, in 17.98 Avith her father's family, and went to the public schools in Orwell ; in her father's family were six children, of Avhom she was the fifth. She was married in 1814 to Chester Hill, then just returned from the War of 1812. They settled in Orwell (where the husband died February 23, 1879, aged eighty-seven, and to them were born children as follows: Eliza, wife of James Higgins, with whom the mother resided at time of her decease ; Cornelia, wife of David Nichols ; George S., who married Mary Ann Pressure, and has four children (he was a soldier in the Civil War, and died in the service); hloe, wife of J. O. Frost, of Towanda ; Lavina, wife of Edwin Aliis ; Chauncey, of OrAvell, who married Sarah Tyrell, and after her death married Sarah Buttles ; Almira, Avife of Ebenezer Snell, of Pike town ship; Susan A., Avife of Harlow Buttles, of Orwell; Orrin, Avho mar ried Adele McQuary; and Emeline, wife of Nehemiah Neal, of Nichols, N. Y. Mr. and Mrs. James Higgins had born to them nine children as follows: Albert O, born August 1, 1837; Franklin, born February 21, 1839 ; Mervin, born July 11, 1841 (he enlisted in the fiftieth Regi ment, Company G, was Avounded and taken prisoner, and died in Salis bury prison after being in prison five months ; he had served three years, and had been in twenty-nine hard-fought battles); Adeline E., born April 18, 1844; Emeline S., born November 4, 1846, wife of Eli Morris; Charles O., born September 6, 1849, died April 2, 1855; Rhoda G., born June 11 1854, Avife of Aaron VanEtten; Olla A., born June 4, 1856, wife o, George Towner; Hortense, born July 10, 1859, Avife of James Simons. Mrs. Chester Hill died May 19, 1891, aged ninety-five years, eight months, and at the time of her death there were eighty-eight great-grandchildren, and five great-great-grand children. 876 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. CHAUNCEY HILL, retired farmer, of Orwell township, P. O. South Hill was born in Orwell township, on the farm now owned by Daniel Boardman, December 28, 1829, and is a son of Chester and Dolly (Fox) Hill. He was reared on a farm and received his education in the common schools, and resided with his uncle George Fox, who was an extensive stock dealer, and assisted driving his cattle to market. After reaching his majority he engaged in farming, and purchased a farm of sixty acres, which he conducted fourteen years; then sold it to G. M. Prince, and purchased the "Old Gibbs" farm of seventy -four acres. In 1886 he sold 135 acres to John Phillips, and owns the remainder, and also some valuable property on OrAvell hill. He has been twice married, the first time, June 18, 1849, to Sarah, daughter of Reuben Tyrell, a pioneer of Windham township, and by this marriage had four children: M. A., married to Eliza Biggsby; Dora, married to Walter Wat erman, now a Avidow ; Nora, married to Ira Morris, and one Avho died in infancy. His first wife died May 16, 1886, and December 17, 1887, he married Sarah, widow of Samuel F. Buttles, a daughter of Jonas and Sarah (Shuman) Lear; she was born in Bucks county, Pa., March 28, 1845. Of her father's family of six children she Avas the youngest; she Avas first married June 24, 1866, and had four children, viz. : Cora, born April 20, 1867; Lizzie, born May 2, 1870; Emily, born Novem ber 23, 1877; and Ada, born October 16, 1879. The house they now occupy Avas built by her husband, Samuel Buttles, before the war. Her father Avas born in 1806, and still lives in HerricksA'ille. She is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Hill is a Republi can, and has held the various township offices. Mr. and Mrs. Hill have a large circle of friends, and enjoy life; they are prepared to pass the autumn of existence unvexed by storms or ill-Avinds, and are noted for their social qualities and great hospitality. EDGAR J. HILL, a popular jeweler of Troy, was born in Sullivan, Tioga Co., Pa., on August 17, 1852, and is a son of Garnwood II. and Alpha (Palmer) Hill; his paternal grandparents, William and Polly (Hopkins) Hill, and maternal grandparents, Stephen and Lydia (Case) Palmer, of New England, were pioneers of Tioga county, Pa. Our subject was reared in his native county, and educated in the com mon schools, he learned the jeweler's trade with his brother, and in 1876 located in Troy, where for four years he was employed in a cooper shop. In 1880 he embarked in the jewelry business, in which he has since continued, and has built up a successful business. He married, October 5, 1875, Myra S., daughter of Hezekiah C. and Julia (Sherman) Dickinson, of Troy, by whom he has two children: Vivian E. and Charles S. Mr. Hill is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; is a Sir Knight Templar, and in politics is a Republican. JOHN L. HILL, farmer, Standing Stone toAvnship, P. O. Wysox, Avas born in Sussex county, New Jersey, April 7, 1844, and his father, Michael Hill, was born in the same place, also his grandfather, Uriah Hill, who married Sally Blackford and had three children : Andrew ; Judy, Avife of Elias Culver ; and Michael. The last named was educated in Standing Stone township, where he lived until his fourteenth year, when he went back to New Jersey and was apprenticed to a tanner. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 877 After learning his trade, he followed it and farming until his death in March, 1887: He married Susan Martin, daughter of Jacob and Phebe (Hall) Martin, and had ten children : Mary A., wife of John R. Fox; Jacob N.; Caroline, wife of John McCracken ; George B.; Robert; John L.; Hester, wife of Henry Mitten; Obadiah; Richard M., and Matilda O, wife of John Layton. Mrs. Michael Hill died February 28, 1889. John L. Hill was educated in New Jersey until his twentieth year, and began farming, when he came to Standing Stone in 1865, and purchased in 1880, from David Dixon, fifty acres, his present farm. He was school director three terms, and politically is a Democrat. He married, in August, 1866, Sarah, daughterof Isaac and Rebecca (Schoon over) Lundy; she was the seventh of ten children. To this union were born seven children : Alice R. (deceased); Manning L. (deceased); Frankie ; Ella, wife of Howard Brown ; Tillie ; Flora and Jessie. Mr. and Mrs. Hill and family belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church, but attend all churches. JONATHAN A. HILL, of Monroe township, P. 0. Powell, was born in Milo, Me., January 15, 1831, and is the eldest of the six chil dren of Hezekiah and Emily M. Hill, natives of New Hampshire, and of English origin ; his great-grandfather was an English officer in the Revolutionary War. The Hills, on the maternal side, continued in the regular army until the Civil War. Jonathan A. Hill was educated in the common school and in the Corinna Academy at Corinna, Me., and began life for himself at twenty, learning the tanner's trade, which he has since followed, except four years spent in the army. He enlisted at Augusta, Me., November 2, 1861,* as captain of Company K, Eleventh Regiment Maine Infantry, and in Gen. Keyes' corps in the Peninsular campaign in 1862, then went to Morris Island, Charleston Harbor, Avith Gen. Terry, and in 1864 came back and was assigned to the Army of the James under Gen. Benjamin F. Butler; was promoted to major, June 17, 1864, and June 25, 1864, to lieutenant-colonel; he lost his right arm at Deep Run, August 16, 1864, and rejoined his regiment the following November, and was promoted to colonel. He Avas Avith Gen. Dandy's brigade, Gen. Foster's division and Gibbon's corps in the last campaign from Petersburg to Appomattox Court House ; was taken prisoner on the morning of April 9, 1865, and Avas a prisoner until the surrender of Lee ; he Avas brevetted brigadier-general, April 9, 1865, and detailed as president of military commission at Richmond until October, and was then sent in command of the Northwestern Department of Virginia, with headquarters at Lynchburg, and in Janu ary, 1866, to the northeastern part of Virginia, with headquarters at Fredericksburg; in February, 1866, he went to City Point, Va., where he mustered out the last volunteers in Virginia, and then took his regi ment to Augusta, Me., where they disbanded February 9, 1866. He Avas postmaster at Auburn, N. Y., in 1867, and then returned to the tanning business in northern New York in 1868, and went into partnership with Thomas E. Proctor, of Boston, Mass., in 1881, at Greenwood, Powell P. O., where he has erected a beautiful residence, and removed his family to that place in 1890. Gen. Hill married, January 16, 1856, Miss Lucy M., daughter of Rev. Robert R. and Margaret (Ulmer) 878 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Richards, of Rockland, Me., who were of Scotch and German origin. They have five children, viz.: Hattie M., born in 1857, married to W. W. Clark, lawyer, of Way land, N. Y; Katie E., born in 185-9, married to M. Claud Gregg, merchant tailor, Rochester, N. Y.; Lulu M., born in March, 1862, married to Dr. James Wallace Douglass, Boonville, N. Y.; George R, born in 1867, married, September 2, 1891, to Miss Mabel L. Snow, of Boonville, N. Y., and is in the employ of his father at Forest- port, N. Y.; and Jonathan A., Jr., who is at present taking a course at Hamilton College. Our subject is a member of the Military Order of Loyal Legion of the United States, New York Commandery; a Royal Arch Mason at Bangor, Me., and is a Republican in his political views. LORENZO D. HILL, builder and contractor, Burlington, was born in Burlington, this county, November 5, 1840, a son of George C. and Fanny (Brown) Hill,former of whom was a native of Connecticut, a farmer, bridge-builder and a wagon-maker, and latter a native of Wyalusing, this county. Their family consisted of twelve children, nine of whom grew to maturity, the subject of this memoir being the fifth in the family. The father died in June, 1888, at the age of seventy-nine years, and the mother in October, 1870, at the age of fifty-eight years. Lorenzo D. Hill was reared on a farm, and to the trade of his father. In 1868 he embarked in business as an architect and builder, and he has carried on an extensive business in several towns of the county. He also owns a fine farm near Burlington village. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., and at once joined the Army" of the Potomac ; was wounded at the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, by the explosion of a shell, from which he was so much disabled as to cause his discharge, and he is now a pensioner. He was married November 5. 1863, to Emma A. Kingsley, who was born July 29, 1841, daughter of Harmon S. and Susan A. (Bush) Kingsley, former of whom, born in East Smithfield, this county, April 12, 1816, died in March, 1889, aged seventy-three years, and latter, born in Rhode Island, March 19, 1818, died at the age of sixty-three years. To Mr. and Mrs. Hill have been born two sons : Seaver D., married to Lizzie Watters, and Dean W. Mr. Hill is a Republican, has held several positions of public trust, and is a member of the G. A. R. The family are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and take an active interest in the Sunday-school. RANDOLPH P. HILL, merchant and postmaster, Burlington, was born in the village of Burlington, this county, January 23, 1850, a son of Sherman H. and Julia A. (Porter) Hill, the. former a native of Vermont, born of French extraction on the maternal side of Irish origin ; he is still living at the age of seventy-seven years ; is a farmer and mill-wright, also the owner of a fine farm of 200 acres ; has been a Republican and has served in the council of the borough since its formation, and was burgess of the village; is a stanch supporter of the Union Church and is one of its officers. Grandfather Hill located in Susquehanna county in the early part of this century, settling in the wilderness and clearing a large farm. Randolph P. was reared on the farm, educated in the schools of the village and at the Troy graded school. He HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 879 engaged in farming, at which he continued nine years, when, in March, 1883, he embarked in mercantile trade at Burlington, where he has since enjoyed a large patronage, being the leading man in the trade of the township. He was appointed postmaster at the com mencement of the present administration. On October 29, 1873, Mr. Hill was married to Celia Pratt, of West Burlington, this county, born November 14, 1850, a daughter of Perry B. and Betsy A. (Phelps) Pratt, of English origin and natives of this county. To Mr." and Mrs. Hill have been born four children : Sherman H., Anna Laura, Harry Howard and Lulu Betsy. He is a Republican, and takes an active interest in the affairs of the town and county ; is a member of the I. O. O. F., and is one of the progressive men of the township. ALBERT SAMUEL HILLIS, farmer in Herrick township, P. O. Rummerfield Creek, was born in Herrick township, this county, Janu ary 2, 1852. His father, William Hillis, Avas born in Ireland in 1823, and came to this county in 1839 ; he worked for Francis Stethers, his brother-in-law, one year, then went to Laceyville and worked two years. On July 3, 1841, he married Caroline, daughter of Peter and Levina Hallock, natives of NeAV York (she was the seventh in a family of ten children) ; he came to Herrick township, locating on his present farm, and partly erected a log house; then in company with John Nesbit and Richard Hillis he went to Laceyville for his wife and household effects. When they returned, it was early in the evening in November, and there Avere two feet of snow on the ground ; they could have no fire, as the fireplace had not been completed ; neither was there a floor, door or windoAv in the house. The larger portion of their goods was left out in the snow all night, but they managed to put up a bed, and retired. The next day he finished the fireplace and built a rousing fire ; the window he made of glass which he had brought from Laceyville; the door was made of rough slabs, fastened together, with wooden pins and hung on wooden hinges. His wife aided him in laying the floor, which was made of rough slabs similar to the door, and then he divided his house into a dining-room, bed-room and pantry ; after this every thing went along pleasantly. Hisfirst prop erty was the DuPont tract, seventy-six acres of Avhich was paid for the following winter. He «sold to A. Newell 200,000 feet of lumber which he was to cut and skid, and receive $2.00 per thousand. He worked from the early part of December to about the first of March, and completed his task ; but to do so he was compelled to rise at 4 a. m., and frequently would not finish his day's work until 9 p. m. In 1847 he and his brother Samuel purchased fifty-two acres on which his present home now stands, and they have lived together ever since. He afterward added more, and built his present house in 1853. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and politically is a Democrat. His wife died October 27, 1890; they had six children, as follows : Mahaley (wife of J. A. Rolls), Harriet (wife of R. S. Hankinson), Wilbert, Albert S., Mary (deceased), and one child that died in infancy. Albert S. Hillis was educated in his native place until his nineteenth year, then worked at home on the farm until the fall of 1 880, when his father built him a house, and he and his brother Wilbert have 880 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. since managed their father's farm. He married, January 28, 1880, Ella Jane, daughter of David and Margaret Jane (Lee) Nesbit, the second in a family of seven children, five of whom are living. Mr. and Mrs. Hillis have had two children, Damelv : Ernest Arthur, born February 11, 1887, and Hallock Lee, born December 10, 1888. Mr. Hillis is a Democrat, and is much esteemed as one of the industrious and reliable men of the county. JOHN BARTLETT HINDS, farmer, Wysox township, was born February 16, 1816, a son of Abinoham and Rachel (Vail) Hinds, the former of Avhom was a sailor, and married, for his first wife, Susanna Snow, and they had ten children ; he settled in Susquehanna county about 1790, and married his second wife, Rachel Vail, who bore him eight children, of whom the first died in infancy, and John B. was the second. The subject of this memoir was placed upon his own resources at the age of thirteen, and when fourteen began an apprenticeship at the carpenter's and joiner's trade, which he has since followed, to some extent as a contractor and general builder. He purchased his present home, in 1861, of M. Reed ; in 1860 he was appointed door-keeper of the Senate at Harrisburg, which position he held six years. During the war he made frequent visits to the battle-field, and rendered much private assistance to his Bradford county friends, whom he found in distress; he volunteered for active service, but was rejected. In 1864 he was appointed, by Gov. Curtin, commissioner ofthe army, to receive the votes of the soldiers ; in 1871 was elected commissioner of Brad ford county ; has also held the office of town commissioner, triennial assessor and school director ; has frequently acted as attorney before justices, having had as many as twenty-five cases in a single year. Mr. Hinds was married, March 2, 1834, to" Sarah E., daughter of Jonathan and Betsey (Dart) Wood, early settlers in Susquehanna county, and they have had children, as follows : Mariette, born December 28, 1834, married to J. S. Frink, of Rome ; Agnes L., born May 22, 1838, died January 19, 1854 (her father was wont to speak of her as a bright, SAveet girl); Adelaide, born March 6, 1840, died May 6, 1840 ; Eliza J., born June 9, 1842, died September 23, 1849 ; Adolphus H., born Sep tember 7, 1844; Eliza A., born March 6, 1847, married A. F. Eddy, a blacksmith, of Rome township; Charles H., born May 30, 1849, died September 23, 1851 ; Charlotte E., born July 7, 1851, died June 1, 1854; Charles D., born May 2, 1853, died September 3, 1854; Ella May, born July 13, 1855, married to J. R. Furman, of Towanda; John Fremont, born July 15, 1859, married and living at home. Mrs. Hinds died April 14, 1883, and Mr. Hinds Avas then married to Mary E., daughter of E. Furman and Amanda (Forbes) Barnes. Mr. Hinds is an enthusiastic adherent of the Republican party. A. H. HINDS, farmer, Wysox, P. O. Wysox, was born in Bridge- Avater, Susquehanna Co., Pa., September 7, 1844, and is a son of John B. and Sarah (Wood) Hinds. He purchased his present home of 130 acres in 1868, Avhere he has since been engaged in farming; also operated a threshing machine twelve seasons. Mr. Hinds Avas mar ried, March 28, 1866, to Miss Hattie. daughter of Eaden and Matilda (Walker) Titus, of Herrick, and they have three children: Jennie L., HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 881 born September 30, 1867; S. Mantie, born July 4, 1870, and J. Edward, born September 1, 1875. Mr. Hinds in his political relations affiliates Avith the Republican party. ¦ ORLIN W. HOAGLIN, of Rome township, farmer and stock grower, P. O. Myersburg, was born on the farm he now occupies, March 11, 1867, a son of William and Harriet (March) Hoaglin, natives of NeAV York, who came to Bradford county in 1852, and located Avhere Orlin W. now lives. His father, Avho was accidently shot, Avas a farmer, and had three children, viz.: John M., a carpenter; Mary T., married to Pearly Simmons, and Orlin W. The latter was reared on his father's farm, and attended the common schools of Wysox until nineteen, when he began the occupation of farming, taking entire charge of the old homestead farm, which consists of 100 acres, finely improved, Avhich he manages with great skill and good judgment ; he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is a stanch Republican, and, while yet a young farmer, he is well and favorably known as a leading and influential man in the countv. BUR'DICK H. HOBART, of Hobart & Rockwell, harness-makers, Troy, Avas born in Amherst, Niagara Co., N. Y., December 1, 1833, a son of Harry W. and Augusta (Phelps) Hobart, and is of English and Welsh descent. He was reared in his native State, and served an apprenticeship of three years at the harness trade in Truxton, Cort land Co., N. Y., after which he purchased the business of his employer and continued it for eight years. In March, 1866, he located in Troy as a member of the harness firm of Hobart & Porter, Avhich partner ship existed twenty-three years, where he built up an extensive and successful trade. Since 1888 the business has continued as Hobart & Rockwell. Mr. Hobart was married, January 1, 1862, to Susan, daughterof Leonard Bradford, of Rhode Island, and has one daughter, Alice L. (Mrs. Charles Cosper). Mr. Hobart is a well-known and respected citizen of Troy; is a F. & A. M., and has served as a mem ber of the council of the borough several terms ; in politics he is a Republican. CHARLES M. HOFFMAN, mechanic, Wyalusing, AA'asborn in New York, October 21, 1850, and is a son of George and Elizabeth (Sher- Avood) Hoffman. His father was a lumberman and mill owner, but upon his wife's death, Avhich occurred a few years after the birth of Charles M., he went to Kentucky, where he married the second time. Charles made his home Avith his uncle, Edward Skeel, of. Pike township, Avhere he resided on a farm about fifteen years, attending the common schools. When nineteen years old he became an apprentice in the harness shop of E. S. Fuller, of Camptown, where -he remained five years ; he was then, for about eighteen months, a clerk in the store of C. S. Lafferty, of Camptown, then for several years worked at his trade in Stevensville and Elmira, after which he returned to Pike township and farmed a short time; then he Avorked for Mr. Fuller for a Avhile, then came to Wyalusing, clerking first for John Howard, and afterward in the Wyalusing Creamery, Avhere he yet remains, having been there over four years. He was married, January 14, 1877, to 882 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Subinah Bender, daughter of Jacob Bender, of Stevensville; they have one child : Allie E. Mr. Hoffman is a Republican in politics. GEORGE M. HOFFMAN, farmer, of Terry township, P. O. Evergreen, was born in Terry toAvnship, this county, January 4, 1854, a son of Phillip and Margaret (Hinderer) Hoffman. His father was born in Monroe county, Pa., September 23, 1817 ; his mother was a native of Germany, born in 1829; they were married February 13, 1847. Phillip Hoffman removed to this' county about 1836, locating in Terry township on the farm now owned by his son George M. At that time there was an old log house on it, with a clearing of three- quarters of an acre. He confined himself to agricultural pursuits, when by hard labor and economy he cleared a farm and made a pleasant home for himself and family, and lived on this same farm until his death in 1888, at the age of seventy-one years. He had seven children, five of ivhom grew to maturity, and four are now living. George M., the subject of this sketch, is the third member of the family, and Avas reared and educated at the common school,beingayoungman of energy and enterprise. At the age of twenty-two he married Miss Rosey, daughter of Shubel and Luretta Bowman, and by this marriage there were born to them four children, all living at present : Leon, aged thirteen; Susan, aged eleven ; Nancy, aged nine; Clarence, aged six. Mr. Bowman, father of Mrs. Hoffman, Avas a native of Terry township, and now resides in the house Avhere he was born ; he was at one time a hotel-keeper, and has been of great service to his township ; has held the offices of constable and collector. Mr. Hoffman is a general and prosperous farmer, paying particular attention to grain-raising and hay-making ; he is of more of a speculative turn of mind than his father or brothers; is a self-made man, having bought out the four living heirs by paying five hundred and forty dollars ($540) to each of them as their portion ; he has been honored by his townsmen in electing him to offices of trust and responsibility, and is a genial man of sterling qualities. GEORGE O. HOLCOMB, capitalist, Troy, Avas born in the town of LeAvis, Essex Co., N. Y., April 25, 1851, and is a son of Obed G. an Sophronia (Phelps) Holcomb, and is of English descent. His earliest known ancestors was one ofthree brothers Avhocame to America in the ship "Mary and John," in Puritan times, and was left an orphan when five years of age. At the age of sixteen George began life for himself as a farm hand, and worked for 816 per month. From his eight months' wages of §128 he put $125 at interest at 7 per cent, and the year following worked at the same wages, and during the Avinter Avorked for his board and attended the district schools. In 1867 he attended the union school, at Elizabethtown, N. Y., and in the fall of 1868 began teaching, and followed that occupation four years. In the fall of 1869 he passed an academical examination ; also studied laAv three years with Hon. A. C. Hand & Son, of Elizabethtown, and in 1874 went to Philadelphia to fill a position as corresponding clerk for several Insurance companies, but soon after was engaged as a clerk in the importing department of a Fancy Notion store, and held that position one year. In April, 1876, he Avas employed by the United HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 883 States Centennial Commission, under Henry Pellitt, chief of the Bureau of Installation, as general clerk, and remained with that commission until April, 1877, when he was appointed chief clerk ofthe department, which had charge of all applications for tickets by exhibitors in the main building, and also had charge of all goods received, both American and foreign, throughout the exhibition. After the close of his labors there, he accepted a position in the law and collecting agency of McKillop & Co., of New York, with whom he remained two months, then located in Troy, Pa., where he was station agent for the Northern Central Railroad until 1883, and, for nearly five years, Express Agent for the Central (noAv Adams) Express Company. December 19, 1878, he married Annie E., daughter of Eleazer and Rhoda(Leonard)Pomeroy, of Troy, by Avhom he has two children: Harry P. and Dwigtit fi. Since 1883 Mr. Holcomb has assisted his father-in-law in his business affairs, and, since 1878, has been engaged in the brokerage business. He is the owner of and has conducted a stock farm in Troy since 1887, and is a breeder of Hereford cattle, registered in the American Herd Book, and is also a breeder of French coach horses, and trotting stock from the C. J. Hammond farm, near Buffalo. Mr. Holcomb is a member of the Congregational Church ; though solicited to run for several State and county offices, he has always refused the honor ; he has served as burgess of Troy one term, and is a member of the present council ; politically he is a Republican. HARVEY HOLCOMB, farmer, of Franklin township, P. O. Franklindale, was born in LeRoy, this county, May 29, 1816, is the son of Hugh and Prudence (Bailey) Holcomb, the former a native of Connecticut, the latter of Massachusetts. Hugh and his brother, Sterling, Avhen they came from the East, located in Ulster, from which place they removed about 1796, locating in LeRoy, each purchasing 400 acres on both sides of the Towanda creek. Hugh Holcomb had nine children — seven sons and tAvo daughters — all of whom grew to maturity. Harvey, who is the sixth in the family, was reared and educated at LeRoy, and always worked on a farm. On January 23, 1840, he married Miss Diana, daughter of Samuel and Betsey Rock well, and to them were born nine children, eight of whom are noAv living ; the other son Avas killed in the army at the battle of Spottsyl vania after a service of nearly three years. Mr. Holcomb moved from LeRoy to Franklin, his present home, in 1884; his wife died June 10, 1880, and he married (for his second) at Smithfield, August 26, 1882, Mrs. Perlina Pierce, widow of William Henry Pierce, and daughter of Mrs. Selina (Holcomb) Dibble, who came from Broome county, N. Y. In 1844 she removed to this county, where she now resides at the advanced age of ninety-five years, and is able to work about the house ; she began and completed a quilt of 3,000 pieces after she was ninety-three years of age. Mr. Holcomb as a farmer confines himself to raising grain and hay; he has been honored with the offices of assessor, school director (tAvelve years) and road commissioner; is a member of the Church of Christ, and is a Republican, politically. JASPER N. HOLCOMB, farmer, P. O. LeRoy, was born in LeRoy township, Bradford Co., Pa., March 27, 1846, a son of Harvey 884 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and Diana (Rockwell) Holcomb, natives of LeRoy, former of whom was a son of Hugh Holcomb, one of the early settlers, and who built the first saAv and grist mill in LeRoy, also the first still in the town. Harvey Holcomb's family consisted of eleven children, nine of whom grew to maturity, eight yet living. The eldest son was killed in the army, on May 12, 1864, in the battle of the Wilderness. Jasper N., Avho is the third in the family, was reared and educated at LeRoy, which has always been his home. At the age of eighteen he enlisted in Company L, Third Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, serving until the close of the war, when he was honorably discharged, and he now draws a pension. On October 21, 1879, he married, at Monroeton, this county, Rosilie, daughter of Robert and Hannah (Holcomb) McKee. The McKees are descended from Leonard McKee, who settled in Franklin in 1822. To the union of Mr. and Mrs. Holcomb have been born five children, viz.: James E., Ray M., Carrie E. and Minnie F. and May F. (tAvins). Alpheus Holcomb, the maternal grand father of Mrs. Jasper N. Holcomb, was born January 10, 1779, died January 19, 1849, and his Avife, Hannah (Kingsburv) was born April 17, 1783, died October 18, 1846; they were married,"October 22, 1801, in Connecticut, whence they removed to Ulster, and from there to LeRoy. Mr. Holcomb is a general farmer, producing stock, grain, avooI and butter. He has been honored by being elected to the offices of town clerk, commissioner, school director and census enumerator; is a member of the Church of Christ, and in politics is a Republican. HALLECK L. HOLCOMB, of the Bradford Republican, Towanda, was born in Bradford county, at LeRoy, April 25, 1862, a son of Harvey and Diana (Rockwell) Holcomb. of English descent, and among the early settlers of this county. His father was born in LeRoy township, May 29, 1816, where he married and reared an interesting family of nine children ; his wife and helpmeet died June 10, 1880. Two of the sons were in the Civil War: J. E. Holcomb was killed at the battle of Spottsylvania, the other, Jasper N, is a farmer in LeRoy. H. L. Holcomb is the youngest of the family, and gave attendance in his youth at the public schools, and graduated at the Elmira School of Commerce in 1886. He learned the printer's art, entering the office of the Republican at the age of nineteen, and is to-day, in the absence of his uncle, general manager and local editor of the Republican. He Avas married June 12, 1889, to Charlotte, daughter of E. C. and Harriet (Dodge) Dewers, of English descent. The family worship at the Presbyterian Church; he is past grand in the I. O. O. F. JUDSON HOLCOMB, one of the proprietors and tbe editor of the Bradford Republican, ToAAranda. This gentleman is at present filling the office of index clerk in the Lower House of Congress, Washington, a position to'Avhich he was appointed in 1863, and served through five Congresses, and in 1874 returned to Towanda and established his paper, placing it on a prosperous basis; he was again in the XLVIIth Congress, appointed to his old position, and is now in that place, having just served through the List Congress. He is a native of Bradford county, born in LeRoy, July 25, 1819, a son of Hugh and Prudence (Bailey) Holcomb. Thomas Holcomb, who came from HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 885 Devonshire, England, in 1630, and settled at Dorchester, Mass., begat Nathaniel, who had a son, Nathaniel, Jr., who begat David, who begat Eli, the grandfather of our subject. Eli Holcomb was one of the pioneers, who came to Bradford county in 1784, and settled in Sheshe quin (now Ulster); he was one of the soldiers in the War of 1812. His son, Hugh Holcomb, built the first grist and seiav mill in LeRoy township, and grew to be a man of Avealth, for his day, and died the possessor of 200 acres of- valuable land, originally settled by him. His son, Judson Holcomb, grew up on a farm at a time when to plant and reap Avere the chief ideas of education, and in this line he is a fine type of the self-made men of our country. At the age of nine teen he went to Standing Stone, in this county, and found employment as a clerk in a store, and was there six years, and then opened a store of his own in Rome; in 1854 he was elected as a Whig to the Legisla ture, and at the end of his term of office, when -the Republican party Avas just formed, he was elected by that party to the Legislature, and was the first Republican that ever represented Bradford oounty in that body. As a farmer, newspaper man, law-maker and office-holder, he has been one of the county's eminently successful men. He was mar ried at Standing Stone, this county, in 1845, to Maria Nobles, daughter of Jonathan Nobles, of Cattaraugus county, N. Y., and they have two children, as follows : Clara (Mrs. Henry C. Porter), and Fannie (Mrs. Charles L. Tracy). Mrs. Holcomb is a niece of the late Hon. H. W. Tracy. LEROY HOLCOMB, farmer and miller, LeRoy township, P. O- LeRoy, was born October 14, 1830, a son of Eli and Harriet (Bailey. Holcomb, who were the first settlers on the south side of Towanda creek. The father was a native of Connecticut and son of Truman Holcomb of New England, who removed to Ulster in the early settlement of the county. Harriet (Bailey) Holcomb was a native of New York. Eli Holcomb located in LeRoy in 1801, taking possession of 200 acres on either side of the Towanda creek. In those days their facilities Avere limited,compelling them to go eighteen miles to mill. Eli built the second gristmill in 1827, and the first on the south side of the creek (Hugh Holcomb built the first); it was a log structure, in which LeRoy, when a small. lad, learned his trade. In 1844 Eli Holcomb builta mill which was damaged by the giving way of the dam; it was rebuilt and is now owned and operated by his son LeRoy, Eli was the father of thirteen children, eleven of Avhom grew to maturity, LeRoy being the seventh member of the family. He was reared and educated at LeRoy, and learned the miller's trade of his father, beginning at theage of fourteen. When twenty-one he married Roena R., daughter of Ansel and Anna Tillotson, June 13, 1852, at LeRoy. To them were born ten children- five sons and five daughters — eight of whom greAv to maturity and are now living in this county, prosperous business men. Mr. Holcomb was twice married, his first Avife died on January 10, 1880, and he married, March 9, 1886, Nettie, daughter of William and Maria Scott, of Monroe township. He is a man of business and enterprise ; in 1855 he built a sawmill north of the present mill; but, on account of the water-power failing, he abandoned it, attaching one to his gristmill, both of which 51 886 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. he runs by steam. This mill has the capacity of 10,000 feet per day, and the gristmill averages 15,000 bushels per year. In addition to this Mr. Holcomb oversees a neat farm. He has been entrusted with various offices during his life time ; was constable two years; school director six years ; judge of elections ; town clerk four years ; he is a member of the Church of Christ, and has held the position of superintendent of the Sunday-school sixteen years ; politically he is a Republican. H. A. and H. B. HOLDRIDGE, farmers, P. O. Fassett, were born in Elmira, N. Y.; Henry A., September 24, 1861; Howard B., Decem ber 17, 1857; are sons of Harrison and Caroline Holdridge, natives of Onondaga county, N. Y. Harrison Holdridge purchased 120 acres of land in South Creek township, this county, about the year 1874, which Avas without any improvement until he gave it to his sons, the subjects of this sketch, who have resided on it since ; they have made numer ous improvements in clearing the land, erecting buildings and putting up fences, etc. Mr. Holdridge has four children, all of Avhom are living. Henry A. Avas reared and educated in Elmira, N. Y.; Howard in Onon daga county, N. Y., and they moATed to this county in 1876 ; although the land was divided between them, yet, as brothers, they live and work together in harmony. Henry A. married, July 3, 1887, at Elmira, Louisa, a daughter of B. and Anna Hughes, and there was born to them one child, Robert. HoAvard B. is unmarried, and lives Avith his brother. They are general farmers in South Creek township, and make a specialty of hay-making and wool-growing, and are young men Avho will make their mark in the world. About the year 1882 there was quite an excitement on the farm adjoining theirs, over the sinking of a shaft prospecting for lead ore, which was found in small quantities, although no further developments have been made since. DANIEL O. HOLLON, retired, residing in North Towanda, Avas born in Chemung county, N. Y., August 23, 1819, a son of Jeremiah and Betsy (Orcutt) Hollon, Avho settled in Monroe township on what is now known as Hollon Hill, in 1835, where the father cleared and improved a farm on which he lived and died. He had ten children, all of whom grew to maturity, as follows: Sally (Mrs. Joab Summers), Charles, Deborah (Mrs. Guy C. Irvine), Daniel O., Lyman, Eliza (Mrs. William W. Irvine), Lydia (Mrs. Daniel Cook), Harry S., Almira (Mrs. J. W. Irvine) and William. Mr. Hollon, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Chemung county, N. Y., and Bradford county, Pa. ; educated in the common schools, and learned the carpenter's trade in Bradford county, Avhich he followed upward of fifty years, and since 1869 has been a resident of North Towanda. He married twice: his first wife was Lorany, daughter of Henry and Mary (Everett) Overton, of Milford, Pike county, by Avhom he had four children, viz.: Mary E. (Mrs. F. E. Bush), Guy C, Harriet A. and Dora D. His second wife Avas Nettie L., daughter of Hugh and Caroline (Scovell) Frazer, of Wyalusing. Mr. Hollon is a Avell-known and prominent citizen of North Towanda, and is a member of the F. & A. M., and in politics he is a Prohibitionist. GEORGE F. HOLMES, plumber, Towanda, was born in Towanda, October 6, 1866, and is a son of John and Lucinda (Strickland) Holmes, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 887 His father was a native of Chittenango, Madison Co., N. Y., a son of Jonas Holmes, and was left an orphan at an early age ; he was reared in Bradford county, and on attaining his majority located in Towanda, and embarked in the livery business, in which he continued for many years. He has also been in the brokerage business for upward of thirty years, and twenty years has been a dealer in pianos and organs. He was twice married: his first wife was Lucinda Strickland, by whom he had two sons, viz.: John and George F.; and his second wife was Mrs. Mary Kittridge, by whom he has four children, as follows : Carrie, Edna, Gertrude and Ulysses M. George F. was reared in his native county and educated at Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and on attaining his majority associated with his father on the farm in Wysox township. In April, 1890, he opened a plumbing establishment in Towanda, Avhich he has since successfully conducted. November 20, 1889, he married Mary, daughter of Edward N. and Ann Decker, of Towanda. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and in politics is a Republican. C. S. HOMET, farmer and stock-grower, Wyalusing township, P. O. Wyalusing, was born in Asylum township, this county, May 20, 1830, a son of Charles Homet, who removed to the farm uoav occupied by Seth Homet, soon after his son's birth, and there C. S. passed his boyhood, attending school at the Fairbanks school; he also attended the Towanda Academy and select school at Merryall. He remained on the old place until 1861, and was engaged in farming, lumbering and milling, besides teaching school several Avinters. He secured a position as rodsman in the engineer corps surveying the North Branch Canal in 1850, and was there several years. With his brother, Edward, our subject secured a large contract on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and since then has devoted his attention chiefly to farming. He removed to his present home in 1861, having built his house and barns prior to this, and now owns 125 acres; 100 acres of this land he cleared himself. He has his farm well stocked with cattle and horses. He was united in marriage, June 11, 1861, Avith Julia Horton, daughter of Dr. George Horton, of Terry township. To Mr. and Mrs. Homet have been born three children : W. H. (married to Adelia Mitten, and residing on Lime Hill, Avhere he is engaged in the manufacture of shingles), Eliza (a graduate of the Mansfield Uni versity, and at present engaged as teacher in the public school of Sayre), and Frank (now a student in the Mansfield University, from which he will soon be graduated). Mr. Homet is a Republican, and has held the various township offices. EDWARD HOMET, farmer and stock -grower, Homet's Ferry. Avas born at Frenchtown, this county, May 3, 1826, a son of Charles Homet (see sketch of C. S. Homet, above). Of a family of nine chil dren, he is the fourth in order of birth. His father was one of the prom inent pioneers of this section, and his family of eight sturdy boys all remained at home and worked in common until mature manhood ; the father owned about 1,000 acres of land, and Avas also engaged extensively in lumbering and milling. It was in this cradle of increasing industry that Mr, Homet reared his boys, and that early training has made itself 8S8 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. manifest throughout the course of their long and busy lives; indeed, the county has produced no family that have proved so universally successful as this one. Edward was the mechanical genius of the family; he could shoe a horse or adjust a transit; build a house or mill ; sur vey a railroad or build a bridge, and was equally efficient behind the compass, in the mill, or folloAving the plow. He attended school at FrenchtoAvn, Homet's Ferry and Towanda Academy, and his boyhood was passed at hard Avork ; he even made a few trips down the Susque hanna river, as raftsman on board his father's lumber rafts. In June, 1850, he took a position in the engineer corps, on the North Branch Canal, Avhich was then being relocated and constructed. That position he held till June, 1853, when he accepted a position on the Phila delphia & Erie Railroad, which was then being located, where he remained to the end of the year; then came home, and was engaged Avith his father and brothers in rebuilding the mills at Homet's Ferry, and in the erecting of a house on his 'present farm, to Avhich he removed in the spring of 1857, and where he has since resided. His farm first consisted of only twenty-four acres, to Avhich additions have been made, making it now 150 (with commodious and substantial buildings), and an interest in 320 acres more. He has followed active farming since 1857 to the present time, besides various other duties and occupations, such as settling estates, contracting and building. Mr. Homet was united in wedlock, November 13, 1856, Avith Maria Minnis, M. D., of N. Y. This union was blessed with one child, Lucy J. Mr. Homet is identified Avith the Republican party, and has filled various town offices. GEORGE S. HOMET, farmer and stock-dealer, P. O. Homet's Ferry, was born in Wyalusing township, January 7, 1851, and is a son of Francis and Ada (Chamberlain) Homet. His father, who was a son of Charles Homet, Jr., was born in Asylum township, August 28, 1820, and passed his life in the vicinity of Homet's Ferry; he was an extensive farmer and lumberman, also a contractor on the North Branch Canal and the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and lost his life Avhile removing a derrick, after the completion of the railroad bridge across Wyalusing creek, the derrick falling and crushing him, killing him instantly; his death occurred September 11, 1867. He Avas twice married; first to Mary Gilbert, by Avhom he had one child, Mary, who died in infancy; his wife died March 11, 1844, and he was married, the second time, to Ada Chamberlain, a daughter of William Chamberlain, of Wyalusing, August 28, 1845. This union was blessed with three chil dren : Mary, born August 13, 1847, married to Geprge W. Fell, loco motive engineer, now in the employ of the B. & M. railroad, residing at Harvard, Neb.; George S.; Rachel, born March 3, 1856, married to William N. Wells, a farmer of Wyalusing. The subject of this sketch resides Avith his mother on the old homestead, ivhich originally con sisted of 160 acres, of which 100 acres remain, and is owned by this gentleman ; here he passed his boyhood, and he was educated in the common schools and the Collegiate Institute, ToAvanda. His father's death occurred when he Avas but sixteen years old, and from that time forward he had the management of the farm ; he was engaged in HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 889 dealing in cattle, buying and collecting droves which he drove to Wilkes-Barre ; he has been engaged in that business from 1870 until the present time. For many years he rented the farm, but in the spring of 1890 he moved back on the old place, and there, with his mother, has a cozy and comfortable home. The farm has four dwell ing houses and one store-room on it, and is as beautifully located and as fertile as the county affords ; he has the farm well stocked with horses and cattle, and does a general farm business. He is a Repub lican in polities; but, while taking an active interest in politics, has never been an office-seeker, and would never accept an office. In business he has been quite successful, and occupies a prominent place among the young farmers and stock-men of the county. SETH HOMET, farmer and stock-dealer, P. O. Homet's Ferry. His father, Charles. Homet, Jr., was the eldest of four children of Charles and Maria Theresa Homet. Charles Homet, the grandfather, Avas among the French refugees Avho came to this country during the Revolution of 1793 ; in Paris he had been steAvard in the household of Louis XVI., and fled from the city with others about the time the king made that unfortunate attempt to escape from France ; they came in a French war ship, and were chased three days in their voy age by an English vessel, but made their escape. Mrs. Homet, whose family name was Scheilinger, was born in Strasbourg, and was once one of the waiting maid's of the unfortunate Marie Antoinette ; they took passage in the same vessel, becoming acquainted while on voy age, and were married soon after their arrival in this country, and ,for a year or more lived at a place called Battle Hill, N. J., now known as Madison. Here Charles was born, May 7, 1794. Mr. Homet, Sr., then removed to Asylum township, and soon after to the settlement in the western part of Terry township, where it Avill be remembered arrangements had been made for the reception of the king and queen of France ; after a year or two Mr. Homet, Sr., returned to Asylum, where he bought several lots of the Asylum company ; Avhen the French people left Asylum he and Mr. La Porte purchased the greater part of the lands there. Mrs. Homet died here in 1823, at the age of sixty-three. Mr. Homet, Sr., married again in 1827; he had one daughter by this marriage, the Avife of E. T. Fox, of Towanda ; Mr. Homet was a very successful farmer ; accumulating a large fortune, he cleared quite a large farm. He was a member of the Methodist Epis copal Church in his later years. After marrying his second wife he removed to Wysox, Avhere he died in December, 1838, at the alloted age of three-score years and ten. By the first marriage there were born to him four children : Charles, Francis, Harriet and Joseph. Francis, who was born at Asylum, married Lucy Dodge, and settled on part of the old homestead, where he died in 1890; he had no children, was a farmer by occupation, and an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Harriet married Simon Stevens, of Standing Stone, and was the mother of five children, viz.: Charles, George, Ellen, Harriet, Mary. Joseph was married to Oris Brown, and resides at and owned the Homet's Mills; about 1840 he sold and removed to Monroeton, the former home of his wife, he also was a farmer and a 890 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. member of the Baptist Church, and Avas the father of three children Avho lived to attain maturity, viz.: Jewett G., Marion and Lydia. Charles was married to Lucy Stevens, and had the following children : Theresa, married to U. P. Stone, an influential farmer near Camp town. Jonathan, Edward, Milton and Charles S., all prominent farmers, and live neighbors to each other. Volney is a physician, and resides in Wyalusing borough. Joseph A. resides in Towanda. Seth, the subject of this sketch, was born March 13, 1836, on the farm he now occupies, in the old house which stood near the ferry, attending the common schools of his district, and a few months spent at the Towanda Academy constituted his educational privileges; upon reach ing his majority he engaged in farming until October 16, 1862, when he Avas drafted and enrolled in Company D, One Hundred and Seventy-first Regiment Pennsylvania Drafted Infantry, Avas promoted to quartermaster-sergeant, November 18, 1862. He served faithfully until the expiration of his term, August 8, 1863, and was discharged; he then returned home and resumed farming, which he has since fol lowed. He was drafted a second time, but purchased his exemption. He now owns 140 acres of finely improved and highly cultivated farm land, and does a general farm business ; the residence he occupies was built by his father the year he (Seth) Avas born. His father was a lumberman, and followed "rafting many years ; his elder brothers have made several trips on rafts, but he made but one ; his farm is well stocked with grade Durham cattle and horses. He was united in marriage, March 4, 1864, with Elizabeth, daughter of Moses and Marietta (Bacon) Eilenberger; her parents Avere natives of Monroe county, but passed the greater portion of their fives in Asylum and Terry toAvnships, this county; her father was born in 1812, and died December 26, 1876 ; her mother was born in 1820, and died February 15, 1875. Mr. Eilenberger Avas a farmer and one of the largest lum berman of this county ; they had a family of ten children, of whom Elizabeth is the eldest. To Mr. and Mrs. Homet has been born a family of five children, three of whom survive: Marietta, born March 5, 1865, married to A. D. Nesbit, M. D., and residing at Tekamah, Neb.; Charles, born October 6, 1867, is a graduate of the Collegiate Insti tute, Towanda, of the class of '88, has followed teaching several years, and attended Miller's School of Commerce, Elmira ; Cora, was born October 21, 1869, and when ready to graduate from the Collegiate Institute was taken ill and died, May 10, 1888 ; Anna, born April 16, 1877, died in infancy ; Geraldine, born June 29, 1879. In his religious views Mr. Homet is a Universalist, and is a Republican in politics. Among the successful farmers and business men of Bradford county Mr. Homet ranks well toward the front ; he makes a study of his busi ness, and thoroughly understands what are the best means to achieve the best results, and then pursue them to success ; he has been success ful, and as a friend and neighbor none stand higher than he and his excellent wife. W. N. HOMET, manufacturer and dealer in lumber and shingles, P. O. Lime Hill, was born in Wyalusing toAvnship, March 22, 1862, a son of C. S. Homet. He was reared on a farm, and educated at the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 891 Wyalusing Academy and State Normal School of Mansfield, Pa.; after leaving school he engaged in teaching a short time, and in 1885 took charge of his present business, where, Avith the exception of one year, he has been constantly engaged. The mill Avas built by C. S. and Edward Homet in 1885, and has a capacity of 24,000 feet of lum ber per day and 100,000 shingles, both cut and sawed ; they employ ten men in the business. Mr. Homet was married October 17, 1889, to Adelia L. Mitten, daughter of James Mitten, a prominent farmer of Herrick township; this union has been blessed Avith one child, Harold. Mr. Homet is a member of White Lilly Lodge, No. 808, I. O. O. F., Wyalusing; politically he is a Republican. NATHANIEL HONEYWELL, farmer, P. O. Sugar Run, was born near Wilkes-Barre, Pa., October 20, 1841, and is a son of Isaac and Betsey (Wandell) Honeywell, natives of New Jersey, and of New Eng land parentage. He began life for himself at the age of seventeen, as a general farm laborer, but September 6, 1861, he enlisted at Scranton in Company G, Eighty-eighth P. V. I., and was in the following battles: Spottsylvania Court-house, the Weldon raid, Hatcher's Run, and several minor engagements ; AATas honorably discharged June 10, 1865, and returned to Wilmot township, where he engaged in farming, Avhich he has since folloAved. Mr. Honeywell was married October 2, 1869, to Miss Ella, daughter of Sterling Quick, of Wilmot, and they have six children, as follows: Sterling Penn, born December 3, 1870 ; Etta May, born June 14, 1872; Gertrude W., born March 2, 1878; Albertie K, born October 30, 1879 ; William Archie, born April 25, 1886, and Corey B., born June 1, 1888. Mr. Honeywell is a member of the G. A. R. Post at Wyalusing, and politically is in close sympathy Avith the Dem ocratic party, though he votes purely on principle and independent of any party influences. AUGUSTUS S. HOOKER, Troy, was born at Leona, Bradford Co., Pa.. January 9, 1840, the youngest child of Clark and Flavia (Smith) Hooker, natives of Massachusetts. The ancestry is of English descent, Rev. Thomas Hooker, the celebrated Divine coming to Massachu setts Bay in 1633, and afterward making the noted emigration to found Hartford, Conn., in 1636. The immediate descendants settled along the Connecticut Valley. To John Hooker, of Greenwich, Mass., three sons were born : Benjamin, Joseph and John. Clark Hooker was the son of Benjamin, Avho married Esther Woodard. Joseph became the father of Professors Charles and Washington Hooker, of Y'ale College, the latter of whom was a noted author. Clark Hooker was born at Green wich, Mass., in 1795, and Avas married, January 1, 1821, to Flavia Smith, of Hadley, Mass., the "Ox-Boav Village" of Beecher's story of "Norwood"(she was descended from Lieut. Samuel Smith, who came to NeAV England in 1 634, and was the daughter of Justin Smithy of Hadley, her mother's name being Anna Fields). In 1824 they moved to Springfield. Brad ford county. Their children were: Mrs. Esther Van- Horn, of Granville, this county; Charles C. Hooker, of Leona; Mrs. Delia Miller, of Leeds, Mass. (deceased); Dr. Carlton C. Hooker, of Alba (deceased); John, of Dana, Ind.; Frederick, of Addison, N. Y., and A. S. Hooker, of Troy, Pa. The subjeot of this sketch Avas early 8y2 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. noted for intellectual development and scholarship. In 1855-56 he attended a select school at East Troy, and was the daily companion and friend of P. P. Bliss, the noted singer and composer, and early shoAved his tastes by great proficiency in study. He later engaged in teaching, and attended the Troy Academy. In October, 1859, he went to Illinois, and spent a year and a half teaching near Paris, and then a similar period at Indianapolis, Ind., in the same work. During this time he contributed many articles to neAvspapers, which attracted attention, and made the acquaintance of many people of intellect. In 1862, he entered the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, at Lima, N. Y., and later Genesee College (now Syracuse UniArersity), pursuing his studies until the close of tne junior year. He afterward taught in several village schools, and in August, 1866, became editor ofthe Troy Gazette, which position he has since held. It was a difficult matter to conduct a paper where so many had failed, but perseverance had its reward. In 1867 Mr. Hooker was married to Miss Anna McBeath, of Bath, N. Y, who died March 1, 1871; and, in 1872, he married Miss J. C. Doane, of Leona. Ever since he engaged in his work, he has been active in every intellectual and moral work, as superintendent of Sunday-school, president of Chautauqua classes, writer on miscella neous and political themes, and lecturer on a great variety of subjects. He is the author of a large number of poems and stories, and of several volumes, among them being "Practical talks to Amateurs on Art," "Select Readings," "The Leona Stories," and a comprehensive volume entitled "Great Earthquakes and their Phenomena," the most complete volume ever published in the United States on the subject. Besides these, he has several other volumes nearly completed. To his imme diate neighbors, among whom are the Avhole people of Bradford county, he is better known as a promoter of our graded schools, and as a publisher and editor of one of the county papers, than otherwise. In that Avider range that reaches out to the scholarly world of letters, Mr. Hooker is probably really better known than by his immediate next-door neighbors. Culture of the mind and trained thinking have been the goal that ever has invited him on and on, and his life has been an unostentatious one, never even self-asserting, much less courting notoriety. He has made his indelible impress upon the newspaper business of the county, and while always a Republican, has never hesitated at honest and fearless criticism of Republicans when the hour demanded it. EARL W. HORTON, farmer and salesman, Hornbrook, was born in Sheshequin township, September 21, 1851, a son of U. E. and Sallie (Elliott) Horton. He was reared on a farm, and attended the schools of the vicinity, about the usual time of a pioneer's boy; he remained Avith his father until twenty-three, then found employment as travel ing salesman for an agricultural implement house, making regular trips through New York and-Pennsylvania, and is now in that employ. Mr. Horton was married October 28, 1874, to Mary, daughter of Franklin and Lucy (Horton) Blackman, residents of Sheshequin, and they have three children: Landon, aged thirteen; Blanche, aged eleven, and Hullie, aged six. Mr. Horton has owned the farm he now occupies fifteen years, and has built all the improvements; the house is a HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 893 modern, eight-room building ; the farm contains seventy-five acres all under cultivation. He is a Master Mason, and a member of Union Lodge, No. 108, Towanda, also a member of the I. O. O. F., Valley Lodge, No. 446, and has passed all the chairs ; a member of the Patri otic Order Sons of America, Washington Camp, No. 190, and in politics he is a Republican. ELIJAH H. HORTON, farmer, P. 0. North Towanda, was born in Sheshequin township, this county, November 12, 1808, and is a son of Stephen and Susan (Mayhew) Horton. His paternal grandfather, Elijah Horton, a native of. Connecticut, was one of the first settlers of Sheshequin, Avhere he cleared a farm and died on the same ; he was a soldier of the Revolutionary War ; his children were as follows : Rich ard, Joshua, Isaac, Elijah, Gilbert, Stephen, William, Betsey (Mrs. Benjamin Brink), Fanny (Mrs. Seeley Hayes), Esther (Mrs. Timothy Stratton) and Phoebe (Mrs. John Smith). The father of our subject Avas born in Sheshequin township, where he spent the most of his life, engaged in farming, and he died at the residence of our subject in North Towanda. His wife, Susan, was a daughter of Richard Mayhew, a captain in the Revolutionary War, and a pioneer of Lycoming county, Pa. By her;he had eight children, namely: Elijah, Hiram, Shepherd, Mayhew, Elizabeth (Mrs. George Williams), Mary (Mrs. Benjamin Lyons), Catherine (Mrs. Hiram Goff) and Anna (Mrs. R. Fox). Elijah H. was reared in Sheshequin and settled in what is now North Towanda township, in 1828 ; he resided in Monroe township thirty years, where he cleared and improved a farm, but in 1868 returned to North Towanda, where he has since resided. In 1830 he married Polly, daughter of Abial and Mary (Means) Foster, of this county, by whom he had five chil dren who grew to maturity, viz.: Orviile, Bishop, Ellen (Mrs. Benja min Carrick), Elma and Mary (Mrs. Salathiel Braund). Mr. Horton is one of the oldest citizens of Bradford county and is a member of the Methodist Church, and in politics is a Republican. GEORGE H. HORTON, merchant, Sugar Run, was born August 8, 1844, and is a son of Elmore and Mary I. (Stone) Horton, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and of English descent, the latter of Pennsylvania, and of New England origin. Mr. Horton was educated in the common schools, and in the high scjaool of Freeport, 111. He commenced mercantile business, in 1873, at Sugar Run, this county, where he has since remained, and has a Avell-established trade in produce and general merchandise. Mr. Horton was married, -Decem ber 25, 1877, to Miss Emma, daughter of Josiah |ind Mary (Long) Horton, of Rome, and they have had three children: Sadie R., born October 4, 1878; Georgie H., born October 13, 18—; Mary, born December 5, 1883, and died December 5, 1888. Mr. Horton is a member of the Masonic. Lodge at Towanda, and in politics is a stanch Democrat. GEORGE L. HORTON, farmer and stock-grower, Sheshequin township, P. O. Hornbrook, was born on the farm he now occupies, the old homestead, August* 5, 1838, a son of David and Hannah (NeAvell) Horton, and grandson of Richard Horton, one of the early pioneer settlers of this county. His grandfather located on this 894 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. farm when he came to Bradford county, and it has continued in the family. His father* was a farmer and spent his entire life on the old homestead ; he built and operated tAvo mills in the toAvnship, one on the river near the village of Sheshequin, the other on the river nearly opposite the present residence of Horace Horton ; the one at Sheshe quin was a grist and saw mill, the other a sawmill. His father Avas born in 1790 and died in June, 1875, leaving a family of fourteen children, of whom the following are living: Adaline, widoAv of Charles Chaffee; Hannah, wife of Dr. Cole; David, Jr.; Benjamin; William P.; and George L. Our subject's boyhood was spent on the farm with his father, attending the schools of Hornbrook and Wysocking, and received a good common-school education ; working on the farm for twenty-five years, he then rented the farm from his parents until their death, after AA'hich he bought out the heirs; it con tains 100 acres, extending from the river to the main road, all sus ceptible of cultivation, and is Avell stocked. He has a herd of Holstein and Jersey cattle, and he keeps a dairy of ten to twelve cows ; and cultivates, about 35 acres of grain. He Avas married, December 23, 1863, to Lucinda M., daughter of U. E. Horton, and they have four children: Jessie L., married to W. W. Horton, of Towanda; Emma A., died in infancy ; Ulysses D., a student at the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, at Towanda, and Wallace O, aged fifteen, assistant bookkeeper at G. A. Dayton's mill, Towanda. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Hornbrook congregation ; Mr. Horton's political views are Republican. HORACE HORTON, farmer and stock-grower, of Sheshequin township, P. O. Quarry Glen, was born on the farm now owned by his brother, M. E. Horton, in Sheshequin, September 25, 1834, a son of William B. and Melinda (Blackman) Horton, and his grandfather was Elijah Horton, a native of Long Island. The earliest record of the Horton family begins Avith Barnabas Horton, who immigrated to the United States from England in 1659 or 1660, and located at South- hold, Long Island, and built a house there in 1660, a photograph of the same being now in the possession of his grandson. This immigrant had seven sons, as follows : Richard, Daniel, Elijah (grandfather of the subject), Gilbert, Joshua, Stephen and William. Elijah was among the first settlers of this county, and located at what is now Union Corners, and purchased a farm ; two of his brothers, Gilbert and Isaac, came to the county about the same time, and bought farms adjoining. William B. Horton's family consisted of the following: Harry, a banker, of New York; Elizabeth, married to P. H. Kinney, Avhom she survives; Arazilla, married to H. C. Kinney, is a widow; Mary, wife of William M. Shores ; M. E., who owns and resides in the old homestead farm; Hortense R., married to T. G. Smith, and Horace who grew to manhood on his father's farm, and in 1860 purchased a farm of 150 acres, Avhich adjoined his father's, and Avhich he still owns, on which he made all the improvements, and has it well improved and Avell stocked, and has a fine herd of Jerseys. He was married, October 15, 1866, to Mary, daughter of H. C. and Sarah (Webb) Smith. Mr. Horton is a member of the National Grange, and of the Free- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 895 masons, having taken the degree of Master of Amity Lodge, No. 108, ToAvanda. Is also a member of the I. O. O. F., and has passed all the chairs, and State Encampment; in his political views he is a Republican; has held nearly all the township offices, and is now constable and tax collector. J. B. HORTON, merchant and farmer, Terrytown, was born in Terry toAvnship, this county, January 8, 1842, a son of Dr. G. F. and Abigail (Terry) Horton, the former of Avhom was also a native of Terry township, a son of Maj. John Horton, Avho served as wagoner in the Revolutionary Army, because of being too young to act in any other capacity. Maj. Horton built the first wagon, and fanning-mill in Terry township. The Hortons are a numerous family, and are men of business qualities, holding offices of trust in this and other States ; they were the first settlers of Terry toAvnship; they removed to this country from England in 1635, locating in Rhode Island in 1638. Dr. Horton studied medicine at the VanRensselaer Medical College, New York, and in 1829 began his profession in Terrytown, his native home, where he built up an extensive practice ; he was a member of the Constitu tional Convention of the State of Pennsylvania, also one of the most active members of the Bradford County Medical Society, and Avrote the report of the Society which, accompanied with a map, Avas published in the transactions of the year ; also wrote the genealogy of the Horton family. He died December 20, 1886, at the age of eighty-one, a strong advocate of temperance; he was married to Miss Abigail Terry, by whom he had eight children, seven of them growing to maturity — - two sons and five daughters. Tbe subject of this memoir resides on his father's farm which he now owns ; he is an extensive business man, having been in the lumber business as a successful dealer many years, in connection with which he has a large store which he has kept Avith profit to himself and his customers nearly twenty years. His farm is an extensive one of 200 acres, one-half of Avhich is under improvement ; his farming is mixed, but he gives preference to grain and stock, some of the latter being registered. Mr. Horton's house Avhich stands on the site of the Doctor's residence is palatial in dimensions, being fitted up in the most modern style. As a merchant he carries a full line for country trade ; also deals extensively in farming machinery of all kinds. He has held the office of postmaster eight years. Mr. Horton married, February 24, 1875, for his first wife, Miss Eva L.. daughter of James S_and Lemira Tupper, by Avhich union there was one son, Arthur Roe, now fourteen years of age. Mr. Horton's second wife Avas Angie, widow of W. S. Holmes, and daughter of Rev. D. Trumbull, the marriage taking place May 18, 1887. Mr. Horton enlisted as a member of the Thirty-Fifth Pennsylvania Emergency Troops, Company A, serving the prescribed term, and was honorably discharged. Politically he is a Republican. J. P. HORTON, farmer, P. O. New Era, was born July 13, 1807, and was reared and educated in Terry township, this county ; he is a son of Ebenezer and Mary (Terry) Horton, the former born in Goshen, N. Y., or in Connecticut, a son of Maj. Horton, an officer in the Revolutionary War. The Hortons, who are very early settlers in this 896 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. country, are of English, and some say Roman, origin, and came to America as early as 1635, their first" representative in this country being Barnabas "Horton, who located permanently on Long Island in 1640 ; they are a numerous people, having sprung from a race hardy and vigorous; have filled various offices of responsibility and trust in this and other counties. The grandparents of our subject Avere in the Wyoming massacre. Israel, the father of John, and Parcell Terry's widow, each of whom had eleven children, were married, and there was one room assigned to the children, and a teacher employed to teach this home-made school. J. P. Horton is now retired from business ; his life has been active and energetic ; he was a farmer, lumberman, speculator, merchant, hotel-keeper and tanner. He is living on a farm of 300 acres, which he superintends himself ; has been honored by the office of justice of the peace, and other minor offices. He was twice married, his first wife being Olivia Ladd, by Avhoin he had two chil dren : James and Jane ; the second wife was Roxey Covey, by Avhom he had seven children : Jane, Mary L., Josephine A., Liberty A., Phebe T., Eunice M. and George F., the latter of whom keeps a store and the postoffice at New Era. Mr. Horton is a consistent member of the Baptist Church, and in politics is a Republican. CAPTAIN ULYSSES E. HORTON, farmer and stock-grower, Sheshequin township, P. O. Hornbrook, was born in Sheshequin town ship, February 13, 18-19, and is a son of Joshua (one of seven brothers who came to this county in early times) and Lucinda (Ellis) Horton. He was born and reared on a farm, attended the common schools, and at the age of twenty-one engaged in sawing and rafting lumber to Marietta, Middletown and Fort Deposit, and was thus employed about ten years. He purchased the farm known as the " McAfee Farm," in 1840, and sold it in 1855, and bought the one he now occupies, which contains 150 acres. He is still actively engaged on his farm, and has been eminently successful in business, and has accumulated his prop erty by his own exertions. He enlisted, October 16, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Seventy-first Regiment, P. V., was elected cap tain of the company, and was discharged at Harrisburg, August 7, 1863, and returned to his peaceful farm life. Captain Horton was married, September 22, 1840, to Sallie, daughter of Joseph and Jemimie (Horton) Elliott, and they have five children : Amelia, married to Elisha Forbes, of Athens; Lucinda, married to George L. Horton; E. W., married to Mary Blackman, of Hornbrook ; Orpha, married to George W. Heasley, of Passaic, N. J.; Lucy Elliott, adopted, married to Dr. Hector Alley, of Lincoln, Neb. Mrs. Horton is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Horton is a member of Watkins Post, No. 198, G. A. R, Towanda, also of the I. O. O. F., Val ley Lodge, No. 446, Sheshequin, and is a Republican. MILES E. HORTON, farmer and stock-grower, Sheshequin town ship, P. O. Quarry Glen, Avas born on the farm he now occupies, November 18, 1851, and is a son of William B. and Saloma J. (Kilmer) Horton. He was educated in the common schools of Sheshequin, and is a farmer. Mr. Horton was married, July 3, 1872,. to Mary A., daughter of Andrew and Elizabeth (Bull) Webb, and of this union are HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 897 three children, as follows : William B., born October 13, 1873 ; Gordon 0., born November 7, 1881 ; Belle HelLine, born June 21, 1886. Mr. Horton is a Democrat, and a Avorthy representative of one of the prominent families Avho were the early settlers of Bradford county. WILLIAM TRUMAN HORTON, lumberman, Pike township, P. O. Stevensville, Avasborn at Falls, Pa., November 15, 1849, a son of Daniel T. and Hannah (Angell) Horton, the father a farmer of Noav York, born of Scotch and German descent ; the mother of New Jersey, of English and German extraction. Daniel T. Horton, who Avas a cooper by trade, and did valiant service for his country, both in the Mexican and Civil Wars, is still living, and spends most of his time tra\Teling. In his family there were three children : William T.; Mary (married to EdAvard FoAvler, overseer of the magazine for Thomas Ford at Pittston), and Willis A., a farmer in Wisconsin. William T. Horton Avas educated in the common school, and at LeRaysville Academy, then in charge of Hobert Bassett, a well-known pedagogue of Bradford county. He began life for himself at sixteen, working in a sawmill, and has followed lumbering and contracting since. Mr. Horton was married, August 22, 1869, to Hannah M., daughter of Nathan and Permelia (BreAvster) Coleman, and granddaughter of Reuben Coleman, an early settler of Pike township. Mr. and Mrs. Horton have the following children: R. May, born October 29, 1875 ; William D., born October 10, 1878 ; Inez P., born January 9, 1881 ; Lisle T., born July 1, 1885; and Ella Mabel, born August 17, 1888. Mr. Horton has always been identified with the Republican party. tfORMAN S. HOSLEY, farmer, P. O. Big Pond, was born May 28, 1817, in Windham county, Vermont, a son of Rufus and Polly (Gates) Hosley, Avho removed to Bradford county in 1818, and settled in Smithfield, where he lived fifteen years; then removed to Spring field, near where the subject of this sketch noAv resides ; he has been a Republican ; has been commissioner, auditor and school director many years, and has held other offices of public trust; is a member of the F. & A. M., and is a man respected by his neighbors and a Avide circle of friends. His father Avas a merchant, in early life, in Massachusetts, and, later, a farmer; he was a great politician in local affairs, and an active Universalist. He died at the age of seventy-six years, in 1853, and the mother died at the age of sixty-one years. Her family were among the early settlers of the township. Our subject was the third in a family of five children. He Avas reared on his father's farm, and has always been a tiller of the soil. June 24, 1847, he married Hannah, daughter of Daniel and Mahala (Burgess) Carpenter, of Springfield, who Avas born in October, 1825, and was the second in the family of seven children. Her parents removed here when she was four years of age, in 1829; they Avere faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; her father died at the age of seventy-eight years, and her mother at the age of forty-six. Hiram Carpenter, Tier brother, was in the Pennsylvania Cavalry in the Civil War, and is a pensioner. Mr. and Mrs. Hosley have had seven children, as folloAvs: Rollin F., born June 10, 1848, died, aged nineteen years; Leland E., born October 10, 1849, married to Francis Bailey ; Laura M., born March 16, 1851, Avife of 898 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Daniel O. Dickerson; Hiram W., born March 18, 1853, married to Laura E. Grace ; Lena E., born June 12, 1855, wife of Addison W- Grace ; Helen, born October 30, 1858, wife of Burtis B. Bailey, and Norman S., Jr., born October 19, 1860, married to Emma Varney. He lives on the old homestead with his father, and manages the large farm of 145 acres, on which dairying is the principal business. JOHN C. HOTTENSTEIN, P. O. Overton, is a farmer and prom inent leading citizen of Overton township, equally distinguished for his intelligence and integrity of character. His ancestry, who were Germans, came to America, i"n 1711. He is a son of Jacob and Lydia Ruth Hottenstein, natives of Lehigh county, Pa. The family came to Overton from Lehigh county in 1829, and here they made their home during the remainder of their lives. The motherdied January 5, 1879, and the father followed her to the grave, November 6, 1880. They were of Bradford county's eminently respectable people, and their memories will be long respected. John C. Hottenstein, who is the seATenth in the order of birth in a family of nine children, wTas born April 18, 1833, and grew to manhood in the bosom of his father's family, having only the sparse advantages of the farmer's lad of the day, the chief lesson being patient industry and severe economy. The son grew into the occupation of his people, and when he went out from the family roof -tree, it was to engage in farming on his own account, Avhich he has followed uninterruptedly to the present time. He was married, December 7, 1858, to Rosina, daughter of Charles Kilmer, a native of New York, and of this union there are the follow ing : Orin, born February 7, 1862 ; Lucinda, born May 29, 1864 ; Lottie, born July 20, 1866; Carrie, born December 28, 1868; Ira, born Feb ruary 1, 1872, and George E., born February 8, 1874. The mother and family worship at the Methodist Church. Mr. Hottenstein enlisted in the service of his country, October 16, 1862, in the One Hundred and Seventy-first P. V. L, Company D, and Avas honorably discharged, August 8, 1863, participating in the battles, marches and sieges of his command, most of the time filling the non-commis sioned office of corporal in his company. At different times in his life he has filled the offices of postmaster, school director, road com missioner, justice of the peace and tax collector, and with the lapse of years has continued and groAvn in the esteem and respect of the old neighbors and friends among whom he was born and has spent the years of his honorable life. Mr. Hottenstein is a man of more than average intelligence and education, of strong judgment, and Avell up in the questions of the day. BENJAMIN J. HOUSEKNECHT, farmer, P. O. Overton, is a native of Lycoming county, Pa., born October 4. 1843, and is a son of George and Catherine (Berger) Houseknecht, natives of Pennsylvania and Germany, respectively. The father Avas a mill-wright, and spent his life in Lycoming county, Avhere he died, March 6, 1877; his beloved Avife died at the family home in 1863. Benjamin was the ninth of a family of thirteen children, and grew to manhood in the family home, partaking of the advantages of the public and district schools of his county, and learned the -lessons of industry and economy as taught HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 899 the average farmer's boy of his day. When old enough to engage in the affairs of life, on his own account, he continued in the footsteps of his family, who were agriculturists, and followed this industry eigh-' teen years ; then, the next seven years, he was engaged at the carpen ter's trade, but returned to his original occupation, and now OAvns and occupies seventy acres, of valuable and highly -improved land, as his family homestead, all the sweetened fruit of his OAvn patience and toil, as he started in life with no other fortune than his bare hands, and a stout, honest heart. Mr. Houseknecht has been twice married : the first time, in 1865, to Mary, daughter of Gideon and Celia Lan- daw, who bore one child, which died in infancy. The second marriage occurred in July, 1871, when he espoused Martha, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Waltman) Mathews, who has borne him eight children, as folloAvs: Joseph V., Herbert, Mabel L., Charles O., Jennie L., Flos sie L., Sadie L. and Ina L. The family is one that is widely esteemed throughout the county, and the respected head of the household is one of Bradford county's leading farmers and influential citizens, a trustee and class-leader in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has filled the offices of school director and constable, and is a Republican. His sol dier record is that of a true patriot ; was twice enlisted and mustered into his country's service, first in July, 1863, in the Thirty-ninth P. V. I., Company D, and was discharged in September, 1863, and- enlisted, for the second time, in November, 1864, in the Two Hundred and Tenth P. V. I., Company E, and participated in the battles of Peters burg, Gravel Run, South Side Railroad, and many other skirmishes and hard marches; was finally and honorably discharged in June, 1865. Is a member of the I. 6. O. F., and has passed all the degrees of the Lodge. ' ALLEN HOVER, farmer and tobacco-grower, Wyalusing township, P. O. Homet's Ferry, Avas born in Pike county, March 2, 1845, and is a son of John L. and Lydia (Bradley) Hover, natives of Wyalusing toAvnship. He passed his boyhood, until about thirteen years of age, in Pike county, and then came Avith the family to Bradford and located in Wyalusing township, near Homet's Ferry, where his father yet resides. He was educated in the common schools and Wyalusing Academy, remained on his father's farm, assisting on the same, until tAventy-nine years of age, when he purchased a portion of his present farm, which was mostly cleared, and began to improve the same. He OAvns as good farm buildings as the county affords, in a section noted for fine farms, and has added to his original purchase of fifty-two acres until he now owns 120 acres, and has a fine lot of cattle, horses and sheep ; his farm is almost entirely fenced Avith a stone wall. Mr. Hover Avas united in marriage, May 15, 1874, with Helen M. Biles, and their union has been blessed with one child, Edith. He is a member of Fairbanks Association, Patrons of Industry, No. 3304; is a Republican, an active politician, and has filled various township offices. Is a shrewd business man, and a careful and successful farmer. R. M. HOVEY, clerk, Lehigh Valley Railroad. Sayre, is a native of Ulster township, this county, born November 18, 1847. He is a son of William and Jane (Moore) Hovey, natives of the same place, the 900 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. former of whom died on the old homestead, in 1849, at the age of thirty-six years, and the latter, now Mrs. Jane Mundy (having remar ried), resides in Ithaca, N. Y. William Hovey's grandfather, Capt. Benjamin Clark, was a member of Gen. Washington's staff, during the Revolution, and his father, Nathaniel Hovey (grandfather of R. M. Hovey), was an orderly sergeant in the War of 1812, dying in the ser vice of his country. In the family of William and Jane (Moore) Hovey Avere six children, of whom four survive, the subject of these lines being the fifth in order of birth. He attended the public schools in his boyhood, after which he was a student at the Towanda Colle giate Institute, and afterward at Eastman's Business College, where he graduated in 1866. His first business experience was in the store of Powell & Co., dry-goods merchants, Towanda, with whom he was em ployed until 1872, Avhen he was offered and accepted a position on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, at Ithaca, N. Y. He afterward removed to Sayre, Avhere he has since remained. In November, 1870, Mr. Hovey was united in marriage, at Ithaca, N. Y., Avith Miss Laura Stillwell, daughter of John and Eunice (Hart) Stillwell. She is the youngest in a family of nine — two sons and seven daughters — and was born in Hector, N. Y. Mr. and Mrs. Hovey have tAvo children : Kate E. and William S. The family are prominent and exemplary members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Mr. Hovey is president of the board of trustees. 'He is a member of Fidelity Lodge, No. 51, F. & A. M., of St. Augustine Commandery, No. 38, and of Eagle Chapter, No. 58. Politically he affiliates with the Republican party. E. A. HOWE, farmer, P. O. Rome, was born in Orwell township, this county, August 23, 1860, and is a son of Henry and Jane (Russell) HoAve, in whose family Avere four children : George H. (an eminent professor in Missouri), E. A., Lelia J. and Irvin L. Mr. Howe was born and reared on a farm, and attended the common schools of his neighborhood. He then entered the Collegiate Institute, Avhere he remained two years, when he went to Chicago and filled a position as salesman two years; then farmed, one summer, in Carroll county, 111., and was engaged then as traveling salesman for a nursery. He was married, December 28, 1886, to Adelia F. Atwood, daughter of George C. and Henrietta (Taylor) AtAvood, of this county. Her father, Avho was one of the best known and most successful farmers and business men of the county, Avas a son of Reuben and Abiah (Piatt) Atwood, former of whom Avas born in Connecticut, November 1, 1782, and came to Pike township in early times, making the trip from Connecti cut in an ox-cart, and guiding his way by marked trees, the sun and stars. He died, October 25, 1878, at the advanced age of ninety-six years. Aaron Taylor, his wife's father, Avas born at Surrey, N. H., December 10, 1787, and was one of the pioneers of Susquehanna county; he died, March 10, 1872, aged four score and fiATe years. George C. AtAvood was born in Pike township, this county, May 17, 1825 ; was married July 3, 1852, and died October 19, 1889 ; his widow was born April 3, 1833, and noAv resides on the farm in Herrick. George was reared on a farm, and removed to Wyalusing Avhere he remained until 1866, when he came to the farm now occupied by his HISTORY OF BRADFORD OOUNTY. 901 widow, where he resided until his death, at which time he was an extensive land owner of this county, and he left a valuable estate to his widow and children. His family of children were : Ella J., born August 16, 1853, married to E. W. Buttles (she died February 8, 1883); Elmer J., born August 23, 1855; Alice H., born October 6, 1856, married to H. H. Coleman ; Adelia F., wife of the gentleman Avhose name heads this sketch (she was born at Camptown, and when six years old her parents removed to Herrick, Avhere she attended the graded school of Herrickville, then, after a feAv terms at Wyoming Seminary, she entered the Collegiate Institute at ToAvanda; later she entered the Commercial College, Kingtson, where she Avas graduated, and took a course in telegraphy; also taught penmanship a short time in the female Seminary at Wilkes-Barre ; then taught four terms in the com mon schools of Bradford, and aiso taught writing schools in various sections of the county); Ida L., born June 4, 1862, married to Frank H. Abbott ; Georgiarina, born October 15, 1865 ; Elizabeth S., born March 3, 1867; Frederick G., born August 24, 1868; Rollin C, born April 28, 1870 ; William L., born February 9, 1872 ; Cora J., born May 1, 1874, and Leon M., born May 15, 1877. Only one of the family o"f twelve is dead. After Mr. and Mrs. Howe's marriage they went to Kansas City, in 1887, Avhere he was a salesman, and she Avas cashier and book-keeper for the NeAV Home Sewing Machine Company. They were there about two years, and then went to St. Louis, where Mr. Howe secured a position, and Mrs. Howe a position as cashier in the wholesale department of the Singer Manufacturing Company. They remained there one summer, and then returned to Bradford, to their farm, where they now reside. They have had two children, the eldest of whom, Earl George, died in infancy; the second, Rollin Eugene, was born January 16, 1891. Mr. and Mrs. Howe are mem bers of the Presbyterian Church, and are Republicans. HENRY HO \YE, farmer and stock-grower, Orwell township, P. O. Orwell, Avas born August 11, 1834, on the farm he now occupies, and is a son of Earl and Julia Ann (Dennison) HoAve, the former of whom was born in Rhode Island in 1808, and came here when two years old with his family. The grandfather secured 104 acres of wild land, and began to make a farm in Avhich he was assisted, after a 'few years, by his son. Earl ; the grandfather Avas twice married, and had four chit-. dren : Sallie, married to John Beers ; Pearly, married to Uriah Brown, whom she survives ; Lucy, married to Dan Robinson, both dead, and Earl (father of subject), Avho died in 1850. The last named had a family of nine children, as folloAvs: Charlotte, married to E. M. Farrar ; Phceba, died young; Henry; William, deceased; Helen; Philander, deceased ; Helen, deceased ; George, deceased, and Earl, deceased. (Phceba, Philander and Helen died of scarlet fever and Avere buried in one grave, and about eight, years later George and Earl died of the same disease.) Henry was born and reared on a farm, receiving his education in the common schools and Orwell Hill Academy. When he Avas fourteen his father died, and the management of the farm, froni that time, devolved largely upon him; he learned enough of carpentering to do bis own work. He purchased the old 63 902 HISTORY OK BRADFORD COUNTY. homestead when he was twenty -one, and has since added to it, until now it contains 150 acres, well' stocked; he keeps a large dairy, dis posing of his milk to the Orwell Creamery Company, of which he is a stockholder. He Avas united in Avedlook, October 15, 1856, with Jane Russell, a daughter of Nathaniel Russell, and granddaughter of Dan Russell, Sr., the first settler in Orwell toAvnship, and of this union Avere born four children, viz.: George IL, born February 3, 1859, married to Alida Champlain ; Eugene X.; Leila J., born November 5, 1870; Irvin L., born July 6, 1872. The family are members of the Presby terian Churoh, of which Mr. Howe is a trustee ; he is a member of tho Golden Cycle, No. 167, Orwell, and is a Prohibitionist, formerly a Republican, and has held various toAvnship offices. HON. HOWELL HOWELL, farmer and stockman, Warren town ship, P. O. Neath, is a native of Wales, born December 10, 1826, a. son of Evan and Jane (Howell), natives of tho same place, and of one of the old families of that country, where they were yeoman. The family migrated to America, in 1832, when he was but six years of age, com ing direct to Bradford county, and settling on a farm in Warren town ship, where they then made their permanent home. The father died in February, 1875, the mother having preceded him to the "silent oity" in February, 1873; they hud three children, viz.: Howell, John (who was drowned in the river at Towanda in May, 1S47, Avhen eigh teen years of age), and Mary (Mrs. Samuel M. Williams), who has five children, and resides in Pike, township. Howell spent his young life on his father's farm, and attended the common schools of fhe neighborhood; then became a student at Wilkes-Barre Academy. Completing his education he returned home and engaged in farming, and is now owner of 100 acres of line farm land, well improved with good buildings, and in a high stateof tuiltiva.t,ion. He was married in Warren township, May 28, 1859, to Ann, daughter of David and Elizabeth (Howell) Davis, also natives of Wales, who came to this country in 1834, and located in Warren township; their family com prised ten children, of whom Mrs. Hou'ell was the fourth, one of tvvins; she became the mother of three children: Arthur, born May S, 1860, and married to Carrie Case, daughter of Franklin Case; >)• Rienzi, born November 14, 1S64, and died July 18, 1S72; ami Ger trude. Mr. Howell enlisted in fhe army, September 2, 1864, in the Fifteenth Regiment, New York Engineers, Company II, and with his command went directly to tho front, at, Petersburg, where ho was engaged in the Engineer Corps, and was present, at the battles of Petersburg and Hatcher's Run, and served until the end of the war ; he was discharged, June 30, 1865, and returned home. Mr. Howell is a member of Spalding Post, No. 33, G. A. Ii., at LeRaysville. In 1884 he was elected a member of fhe Legislature, and served his full term with distinction. During fifteen years he filled the office of jus tice of the peace, nine years as school director, and three years as auditor. During nearly twenty years of his active life he was a school teacher, and did much to eleA'ate and ennoblo the profession. In the army he was first sergeant, and company clerk. He has been regarded for many years as an active and prominent leader and factor in th HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 903 councils and movements of the Republican party ; faithful to party and friends, and vigilant in the care and Avelfare of the good of the people. He is personally popular, and, while brave and outspoken in sentiment, commands only the respect and confidence of even his political enemies ; personally he has no enemies. JAMES G. HOWIE, farmer and stock-grower, Ulster, born in Ayrshire, Scotland, January 12, 1834, is a son of William and Mary (Howie) Howie, natives of Ayrshire, farmers. The lad Avas fired Avith the hope of being a sailor, but that ambition was never gratified. The HoAAde family was first planted in Scotland, in 1162. At that time three brothers fled from France, to escape religious persecution, and settled in Ayrshire, renting a farm from some old feudal lord. The direot descendants of those brothers still occupy the same farm, it having been held on lease by the family for over 800 years ; the family iioav in possession of that estate are third cousins, and are of the thirty- third generation from the three brothers who immigrated there from France. Another peculiar thing about the family is that the holder of the lease in Scotland has borne either the name of James or John until the present, when by some misorderof things the gentleman who noAv holds the lease is named Thomas. Connected with this estate in Scot- hind is the old Howie library, dating back to the tAvelfth century, and containing several hundred volumes, many of them being written on parchment, and worth their Aveight in gold. James attended the public schools of Scotland until twelve years of age, but having had the mis fortune to lose the sight of one eye, when about three years old, he had that disadvantage to labor under, in securing an education, but never theless he secured a fair common-school training. His parents immi grated to America in 1854, landing here July 29. and came direct to Ulster, and his father purchased 133 acres of land in the Avilderness, whieh is still in the possession of members of the family. With the exception of about a year spent, in the machine shops at Ontario, James has spent his life on the farm first purchased by his father. His father died April 18. 1867, aged sixty-three vears. and his mother died April 24, 1890. aged eighty-four: their family consisted of eight children, six of whom survive. John died in Scotland before the family immigrated to this country ; Jennie. Avho died in Monroe township, was the Avife of J. F. Woodruff; Mary was born on the ocean during the voyage over from Scotland, and is now the Avifeof S. A. Gordon; the four boys live on adjoining farms. James Avas married January 22, 1850, to Margaret Oalderwood, daughter of James Calderwood, of Ayrshire, Scotland ; she came to this country in 1855. and made her home with James' father until her marriage; they have no children. James made a visit to his native land in 1884. Avhere he found that progress had been at work on the eastern as Avell as the Avestern side of the Atlantic, and that many changes had taken place. In his business Mr. Howie has alwavs been very successful, and has accumulated his fortune almost entirely by his own endeavors. He hoav stands Avell at the head of the prosperous farmers of Ulster township. In his relig ious views lie is a Presbyterian, and in polities he is a Republican. HOI HISTORY OK IlliA ll.'Olill COliNTY. JOHN HOW IK, dealer in coal, buy, grain, etc., Ulster, wits born September 6, 1853, in Ayrshire, Scotland, a son of Mafhew ami Isabel (McQueen) Howie, also natives of Ayrshire, who immigrated lo this country, and settled in Smilhlleld township, fhiscounfy, in IS57, where the father purchased a farm. The family consisted of live children, viz.: John, Jennie C„ Jessie M. (wife of M. G. Benedict), Mary M, (married fo Homer Rockwell) nnd Aggie. Tim father died in I860; the mother lives on the farm wifh her son John. The subject of these linos attended fhe common schools up to the ago of eighteen, receiving a fair English education. In January, 1886, ho purchased his present, business, and ho now handles about, one thousand tons of hay yearly ; also from nine fo ton thousand bushels of buckwheat; over live thou sand bushels of oa.fs;. twelve fo fifteen hundred foils of coal ; and deals in potatoes, wheat, rye, etc., fo a considerable extent, his business being valued at, about $25,000 yearly. Ho also operates u farm of lot) acres, growing tobacco and other crops, lie is unmarried. Mr. Howie is a member of the Kipiifahlc Aid Union, No. 2-1-1, and is Democratic in his political views. L. 1\ HOYT, attorney, AfheiiH, is a native of fhe place, and was born October 30, 1S0S, a, son of Samuel II. and Matilda T. ('feller) lloyl, fhe latter a, unlive of Michigan, born May 15, IS26, Ihe former a native of this oounty, born December I, 1810, was a merchant, ami carried on business a number of years; served as postmaster in Athens, and was justice of fhe peace about II I'fceii years. Mrs. lloyl, is pro priefrcss of a millinery store, and has been engaged in thai, business fwenfy-nine years. To Mr. and Mrs. S. B. Ilnyf were born three children, of whom L. T. is fhe youngest. He graduated in the Athens high school in fhe class of IHMO, and began fhe study of law wifh II. F. Maynard, in September, 1886. uud in September,' 1 8 8 S . entered the law school of Cornell University, from which he graduated in June, 1889, and was admitted fo fhe bur, September I I, of the same year, lie is a member of fhe Fire Duparfmonl, urn! of tint Universalis!, Church, and politically is a, Republican. F. N. HUBBARD", farmer, of Springfield township, P. (). Wcfonu, was born December 22, US-IS, on fhe farm where he now resides, n, sou of Rev. Wakcmiin B. and Lurena, (Merrill,) Ilublmrd, fhe lather a, native of Massachusetts, and fhe mother of Columbia township. His father came fo this township in 1810, nnd was a local preacher in tint Methodist Episcopal Church, and supplied many charges; he built flic first sawmill u,f Leomi, nnd was un exleimive lumberman; he died, December 19, I W58, al, the ago of forty -four years, while fhe mother issfill living, al, the age of seventy six years, wifh her son, Our sub jecf was fhe only son and the youngest of three children, all of whom are living; he was reared on fhe farm and educated in fhe schools of the township, and attended a select school for a time. When he wns fen years old his father died; he was early obliged lo fake fhe nll'iiirs of tho farm under his charge, ami, by the wise counsels of his mother, was able fo save the farm, which was heavily involved, but which is af fhe present time one of fhe first farms of the township. January 25, 18*2, ho married Susjo M., daughter of Rev, Ralph and Auiamlii HISTORY OF BRAUFORD COUNTY. 905 (Chamberlain) Brooks, of Wyalusing; she was born November 10, IS54 ; her father, who was a native of Leona, a Methodist clergyman, diet! in 1S58, at the age of thirty-four, in Burlington. Mr. and Mrs. Hubbard have had born to them three children, tAvo of whom are living: Ralph, born October 23, 1885, and Merle, born September 23, 18S7. Mr. Hubbard's farm oonsists of 175 acres, and the principal business is dairying and stock-raising. lie is a Republican, and was a oandidate in the fall of 1890 for oounty treasurer; is a member of the Free masons, has been a school director, and has held several offices of pub lio trust. J. V. HUFF, farmer and stock-grower, Milan, born in Sussex county, N. J., August 14, 1819, is tho son of John and Anna (Tough) Huff, and has but slight recollection of his grandparents, but remem bers that his grandfather, Vough, died in Sussex oounty, N. J., at the extreme old age of ninety-four. His parents were farmers, and natives of New Jersey, the father of English, and the mother of Dutch descent ; they died in KeAv Jersey, the mother Avhen forty-nine, and the father at the age of seventy -seven. J. V. received his education in the com mon sohools ; he came to this county in the spring of 1843, landing at Standing Stone; from there AA-ent to Towanda, and remained four months ; then to Milan, and purchased the farm he hoav owns, Avhioh oonsists of upward of 110 aores ; it avus heavily Avooded, but he oleared aAvay a spot to build a house, and erected a small frame dwelling. He is now one of the most prosperous farmers in the toAvnship, and is sur rounded by the comforts of life. He paid the entire purchase price of the farm with the lumber taken from the woods with Avhioh it Avas oovered. He married Roxanna, daughter of John and Betsie (Green) Watkins, of Athens township, March 26, 1846; their children are: John W., married to Emma Hannah; Edward, married to Nora McKinney: Henrietta, Avife of Stephen VanBuren, of Ulster township; Martha D., wife of John Kays, of Sussex county, N. J.; Frances A., and Mary A., wife of Perry Elsbree, of Smithfield township. Mr. Huff is a member of the National Grange, in whioh he A\-as for years a prominent member; the family are members of the Baptist Church. In political vieAvs he is Demooratic. Nearly the entire township was in the wil derness at the time he came, and the forests Averefull of deer and bears. The banks of Big Buck oreek were lined Avith sawmills, and the lumber business was the onlv pursuit folloAved to anv extent. SAY1LL S. HUGGINS, farmer, Springfield township, P. O. Big Pond, was born October 2, 1836, at Nunda, Livingston Co., N. Y., a son of Ira S. and Valeria M. (Pitts) Huggins. His father Avas a native of Aurelius, Caynga Co., N. Y., and Avas a farmer and carpenter; removed to this toAvnship in the spring of 1855, and settled on the farm Avhere the subject of this sketeh now resides; he died at the age of eighty-four veal's, August, 18S5. His mother Avas born in Queens- bury. N. Y., and moved to this town in 1805, at the age of tAvo months ; Avas oradled in a sap trough and sohooled on Grover Hill, and her father, Luke Pitts, Avas one of the first settlers in Springfield ; he built the first gristmill in the town, on the oreek by Dr. Cory's house ; this familv traced their ancestry back to Sir William Pitt ; the mother 906 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. died March, 1883, at the age of seATenty-nine years. Mr. Huggins, the fourth in a family of eight children, was reared on the farm, and has continued that occupation, and now is the OAvner of a well-improved farm of eighty-four acres, the principal business being dairying and stock-raising. He owned and operated a sawmill many years, and Avas largely in the lumbering business ; he is a member 6f the Free masons, I. O. O. F., and the Patrons of Husbandry; is also one of the directors of the Grange Mutual Fire Insurance Company, whose office is at Troy. He was married, March 31, 1862, to Mary H., daughter of Isaac F. and Lucinda (Williams) Bullock; she was born October 3, 1841, and is the only sister of William A. and C. E. Bullock. To Mr. and Mrs. Huggins have been born two children, as follows: Minnie E., born March 2, 1863, wife of Charles B. Grace, died February 17, 1890, and Eva M., born January 2, 1865, wife of Frank Voorhis. Mr. Hug gins is a Republican is politics, has held several offices of public trust, and is a man respected by a large circle of friends. • HON. CHARLES T. HULL, county treasurer, Athens, is a native of Coventry, Chenango Co., N. Y., a son of Josiah and Mercy (Jones) Hull, the former a native of Sharon, Conn., and the latter of Lisle, Broome county, N. Y. Josiah Hull, who was a blacksmith by trade, removed to Athens in 1847, and died in 1881, in his seventy -fourth year; his Avidow died in 1883, in her seventy-ninth year. Commodore Isaac Hull, the great-grandfather of Charles T. Hull, was an eminent officer in the Revolutionary War. The subject of this sketch is the third in a family of eight children, of which six are living. He received a common-school education, and worked about five years at the steel engraving business in Athens. Responding to the call for troops, he enlisted August 16, 1862, in Company E, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., and served till July 17, 1865, the close of the AATar. After being in the service some time he contracted typhoid fever, soon after the battle of Chancellorsville, but remained at the front until he re covered. Returning home, he soon thereafter accepted a position as clerk in the First National Bank, Athens, and in 1871 heAvas promoted to cashier, a position he held until January 1, 1891. At the November election, 1890, Mr. Hull was elected county treasurer of Bradford county, and entered upon the duties of his office January 1, 1891. He is a charter member of the G. A. R., Perkins Post, No. 202. In 1878 he was elected State commander of the G. A. R., and during that year he organized the Gettysburg Encampment, and had organized about twenty-five Posts in the State. He is also a member of the Union Veteran Legion No. 28, and has held the office of aid commander- in-chief of that organization; he is a member of the Royal Arcanum, and in politics he is a Republican. Mr. Hull is one of the most sub stantial citizens of Athens, noted for his integrity of friendship, and his unaffected retiring disposition has drawn toward him the fullest con fidence and warmest friendship of perhaps as many of the people as any man in the county ever did. Among the old veterans of the Civil War, and the sons of the soldiers, he is esteemed the highest, and is consulted and relied upon in all their important affairs. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 907 JAMES HUNT, farmer, P. O. Fassett, was born in England, Feb ruary 3, 1833, a son of Edmund and Elizabeth (Allen) Hunt, also natives of England. James Hunt came to this county, May 29, 1858, locating in Athens township; then removed to Elmira, where he lived ten years. In 1869 he came to South Creek township, near the State line, north of Roaring run, on a farm of fifty acres, purchased from William Brook. He was married in September, 1859, at Elmira, to Rebecca, daughter of William II . and Ann Fuller, natives of England. This union resulted in the birth of ten children, as follows : Anna, Sarah, William (married to Hattie Brewer, of Wells), Mollie (married to Fred Smith, a farmer), Fred, Walter, Harry, Lottie, Glennie, and Anna (deceased). Mr. Hunt is an enterprising farmer of South Creek township ; in 1890 he built a new barn,, and in 1891 a new residence ; the fruit upon his property is of the choicest kind. He has held the office of road-master in South Creek township with the utmost satisfaction. JOHN F. HUNT, farmer, P. O. Troy, was born on the farm where he now resides, December 5, 1840, and is a son of Joseph P. and Elizabeth (Dobbins) Hunt. His father, who was a native of New Jersey, a son of John Hunt, settled in Troy township, in 1825, and on the farm now owned by John F. Hunt, in 1831, which he partially cleared and improved, and Avhich he purchased of the Mormons, Avho removed from there to Nauvoo, 111. His wife was a daughter of John and Rebecca (McKean) Dobbins, and granddaughter of William and Mary A. (Mc Kean)Dobbins, who settled in Burlington township, this county, in 1791. He Avas the father of three children: Elizabeth (Mrs. Miles Kennedy), John F., and Mary A. (Mrs. Horton Ferguson). The subject of this sketch was reared on the old homestead, Avhere he has always resided; he Avas in the Civil War, enlisting September 5, 1864, in Company I, Fifteenth New York Engineers, and was honorably discharged at the close of the Avar. He married, December 31, 1867, Augusta, daughter of Charles and Julia (Ferguson) Colony, of Columbia township, and has one daughter, Grace (Mrs. Ernest Teeter). Mr. Hunt is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of the I. O. O. F., G. A. R. and Patrons of Husbandry, and is a Republican in politics. MRS. WEALTHY HUNT, P. 0. West Warren, is a daughter of William F. and Nancy M. (Eastabrooks) Corbin. Mr. Corbin was born in Nichols, N. Y., January 17, 1813, and made his home nearly all his life in Warren township, 'this county. He was a son of Oliver Corbin (a native of Connecticut, of English stock), a son of Clement Corbin w.ho reared a- family of twenty-two children, and it is supposed that Clement died in this county ; his son Oliver came here in 1800, and was among the very first settlers in this part of the county. A true pioneer Avho braved successfully every danger and all hardships of a wild frontier life, he survived to a great age, and died in February, 1870. He had nine children, of whom William was the third, who was reared on his father's farm and become a yeoman and successful farmer, clearing his way to fortune in the dense woods that so deeply shaded all this country, when his eyes first looked upon it; at his death he was* the OAvner of 120 acres of fine farm land, the deft work of his oAvn strong and willing hands. He was married, March 8, 1838, to Nancy M. 908 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Eastabrooks, daughter of William S. and Wealthy Shurtliff, the former of whom died in 1825, his widoAv surviving until 1855; they had children, of whom two died in infancy; those who grew to maturity were William W., who married Julia A. Gorham, and had nine chil dren; Judson, married to Eliza Robinson, and had five children ; Nancy; Syhranus, married to Lucy Newberry, and died in 1885 ; Charlotte (Mrs. Sweet Gardner), living in Scranton, and Jackson. Francis J. and Wealthy Hunt, farmers, P. O. West Warren. Francis is a native of Tioga county, N. Y., born September 25, 1857, a, son of Jesse and Abigail (Eaton) Hunt, of New York. The family came to this county in 1864, and located in Orwell township. They had three children: Francis J., Charles E. and Flora Belle (Mrs. Joseph Lawrence). Francis J. removed to Warren toAvnship in 1881. where he owns a small farm and cultivates his father-in-laAv's farm or estate of 120 acres. He was married in Waverly to Wealthy Corbin, and they have one son, Guy Lafrance, born January 28, 1881. Mrs. Hunt was the widow of Scott Northrup, Avho was killed, in 1877, by a threshing machine near Wayland, Steuben Co., N. Y., where they then resided. F. H. HUNTLEY, dealer in confectionery, Sayre, is a native of Monroeton, this county, and was born October 19, 1858, a son of D. E. and Elma (Alexander) Huntley, natives of this county. His father Avho was a carriage-maker, died, in September, 1884, in his fifty-third year; his widow is now a resident of Sayre. Mrs. Huntley's great grandfather, William Clarke, was a colonel in the Revolutionary War, and was one of the first settlers in Ulster township; her grandfather Clarke was a soldier in the War of 1812. F. H. Huntley, who is the second in a family of five children, completed his education in Susque hanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda, attending there two terms ; then learned the carriage painter's trade, which he folloAved until 1890 ; on September 1, of which year, he engaged in the confectionery trade, opposite the " Wilbur House," on Packer avenue, in Sayre, whither he had removed in 1880. He was married in Standing Stone, September 17, 1885, to Miss Minnie, daughter of Peter and Sarah (Barnes) Keen, farmers, and natives of New Jersey, now residents of Sayre. Mrs. Huntley is the elder of two children, born in Standing Stone, November 24, 1856 ; she is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Huntley is a member of the Iron Hall and Royal Arcanum ; also of the Wilbur Hook and Ladder Company, of which he Avas foreman two years; served five years in the Pennsylvania State Militia, the first two years under Col. Stead, and the remaining three years under Cql. Reynolds; politically he is a Republican. DANIEL HURLEY, farmer and stock-grower, P. O. Myersburg, was born in Standing Stone, this county, September 20, 1849, and is a son of John and Mary Hurley, who were born in County Cork, Ire land, and immigrated to this county about 1830, locating at Standing Stone, where they resided until death, the father dying in October, 1881, at the almost unprecedented age of one hundred and six years ; they had a family of twelve children, seven of Avhom are living, viz.: Timothy, a farmer ; Ellen, married to Sylvester Conklyn, a soldier in the Union Army, who deserted the army and went West ; Patrick C HISTORY OF BRADFORD OOUNTY. 909 hotel proprietor at Bradford; Mary, married to William Allen, a carpenter, of Towanda; Julia; Peter, a carpenter and builder, and Daniel. The deceased are Charles, who died when crossing the ocean from Ireland, and his tiny body rests among the coral groves of the ocean ; John fell on a circular saw, while at Avork in a sawmill ; Arthur enlisted in Company G, Thirty -seventh P. V. I., and Avas captured, was a short time in rebel prisons, secured a parole, but Avas again capt ured and sent to Anderson ville, and the hero now sleeps among the thousands of comrades whose bones are moldering in the Anderson- ville Soldiers' Cemetery. Daniel's boyhood Avas passed on a farm, and he attended the district school until fourteen, Avhen he went to work at the lumber trade there four years, and then returned to Bradford county, and was on the farm one year, when he again engaged in lum bering, in which he passed the next four years. He hoav owns 140 acres of Avell-improved land, and is one of the enterprising and prosperous farmers of Bradford county, having accumulated his property by his own exertions. Mr. Hurley Avas united in wedlock August 28, 1877, Avith Nora Purcell, daughter of John and Johanna (Curtain) Purcell, to bless which union have come seven children, viz.: Mary, Julia, John, Theressa, Martha, Rosella arid Emma. The family are members of the Catholic Church. Mr. Hurley is a Democrat, and holds the office of school director ; he is the author of the excellent plan of having uniform text books throughout the county. He ranks among the rep resentative farmers of the county, and is much esteemed by a wide circle of friends. BURT HUTCHINS, passenger conductor, Lehigh Valley Railroad, Sayre, is a native of Junius, Seneca Co., N. Y., and was born July 8, 1844, a son of John and Harriet (Birdsey) Hutchins, the former a native of Newark county, N. Y., and the latter of Connecticut. The father, vrho Avas a farmer, and a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was born August 29, 1839, and died, December 6, 1872 ; the mother, who is in her seventy-third year, resides in Elmira. Burt Hutchins is the eldest child, and has two sisters. He finished his course in the Elmira Business College in August, 1862, and immediately enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Forty-first N. Y. V. I., from Elmira, N. Y., and he participated in a number of skirmishes ; was sent to the DeCamp General Hospital, New York City, as clerk, where he remained until February 27, 1865, when he was mustered out. Returning to Elmira he clerked in a grocery store about six years, and then farmed four years, at the end of which time he was employed on the Lehigh Valley Railroad as freight brakeman ; was promoted to freight conductor in 1875, and to passenger conductor in 1882, Avhich position he has since held. He was married, January 3, 1866, to Miss Electa A., daughter of Henry and Mary (Poliard) Hallock, natives of Pennsylvania; the for mer of whom, a miller and sawyer, by trade, died in 1881, in his sixtieth year ; the latter died in 1883, in her fifty-ninth year ; their family con sisted of four girls and one boy, of whom Mrs. Hutchins is the fourth in order of birth. When six Aveeks old she was adopted by Noble and Electa A. (Dewitt) Weller, natives of Connecticut, who came to Che mung, N. Y, about the year 1840. Mrs. Hutchins was born in Che- 910 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. mung, N. Y., January 1, 1845. To this marriage Avere born two sons, viz.: Fred N., avIio graduated at the Buffalo College of Pharmacy in February, 1889, and is now an apothecary in the Buffalo State Hospi tal, and " Frank J. , a machinist. Mrs. Hutchins is a member of the Baptist Church. Mr. Hutchins is a member of the I. O. O. F., Menoka Lodge, No. 219 ; and of the Order of Railway Conductors, Division No. 10, Waverly, N. Y. LEWIS HARLOW HUTCHINSON, farmer. Pike township, P. O. LeRaysville, was born February 10, 1852, on the farm now owned by James H. Smith, and is a son of David B. and Lydia (Ide) Hutchinson. He is a grandson of William S. Hutchinson (who moved to Pike township, November 5, 1819), and a great-grandson of Rev. Aaron H. Hutchin son, of Vermont; his maternal grandparents were Nathaniel and Mercy (Allen) Ide, and his great-grandfather was Nehemiah Ide, a soldier in the Revolutionary War. Mr. Hutchinson spent his boyhood on the farm, attending the" district school, and LeRaysville Academy. He began life for himself at the age of twenty, has been successively employed in farming, railroading, lumbering and mining, and is now engaged in farming and various other occupations, residing with his brother-in-law, James H. Smith. He was married, May 2, 1879, to Lydia Wesler, and they have one son, James Herbert. Mr. Hutchin son is a member of the I. O. O. F., No. 371, at Dallas, Pa., and in pol itics he is a Republican. STEPHEN SEYMOUR HUTCHINSON, farmer, of Pike town ship, P. O. LeRaysville, was born in Pike township, this county, April 18, 1831, a son of William and Electa (Seymour) Hutchinson, natives of New England and of English origin. In their family there Avere eight children, of whom Stephen is the second. His grandfather, William S. Hutchinson, came from Vermont with five children in 1818, and took up a farm of eighty acres near LeRaysville, which was then a dense forest, and many interesting stories of the privation and dan gers are told by William who is still living, at the age of eighty-seven years. Stephen S. was married, October 7, 1862, to Martha A., daughter of Samuel and Emma (Kidder) Stevens, of English origin, the former a native of Litchfield, Conn., the latter of Waterford, Vt., and they have two children : Belle E., born July 18, 1863, married to Llewellyn Davies, a student in Cornell University, and Daisy Pearl. Judge Luther Kidder, of Monroe, Pike and Wayne counties, was an uncle of Mrs. Hutchinson. The family are members of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Hutchinson stands high among the farmers of Bradford county who have made a success of tilling the soil. He is a Republi can in politics. ABRAHAM M. INGHAM, physician, Burlington, was born in New York City, November 10, 1831, a son of David and Hannah (Nutter) Ingham, natives of Huddersfield, England. David was a woolen-goods manufacturer; his parents removed to America when young married people, and he and a brother were some years in busi ness at Monroeton, and afterward farmed in LeRoy ; he spent the lat ter part of his life in Tioga county, and died at the age of ninety-one years. Abraham Avas the second in a family of seven children, and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 911 helped his father on the farm and in the mifis; was educated in the schools of Monroeton and at Harford, Pa. He studied medicine in Troy, and attended lectures in the Philadelphia Homeopathic Medical College, where he graduated in the regular course, in 1858, and entered the practice of his profession at Lawrenceville, Tioga county, the same year, and remained there seven years; then removed to Blossburg, and after fourteen years' practice there came to Burlington, in 1887. He has always enjoyed an extensive and remunerative practice ; has been examiner for several life insurance companies, and is a member of the I. O. O. F., Freemasons and Knights of Honor; he is a Democrat in politics, and has held several places of public trust. In October, 1857, he married Martha VanDyke, of LeRoy, who was born in December, 1831, a daughter of Davis and Elizabeth (Watts) VanDyke, of German origin, natives of this county. They have had born to them three children, asfollows : Lillie, wife of Edward VanDyke ; Melvin, married to Nettie Graham ; and Bertha, wife of Stephen Gurnett. He had one brother, Thomas, in the Engineer Corps in the Civil War, who served about three years. GEORGE T. INGHAM, merchant, dealer in butter, eggs and produce, Sugar Run, is the only child of Joseph W. and Mary (Taylor) "Ingham, natives of Pennsylvania, the former of whom was one of the early pioneers of Bradford county. Mr. Ingham was born in Wilmot township, this county, August 13, 1851, and Avas educated in the common schools, Wyalusing Academy and Susquehanna Collegiate Institute. He began life for himself at the age of twenty-one, first at milling, and two years later opened a store at Sugar Run, Avhere he is still engaged in general mercantile business; he also operates the grist mill at Sugar Run, which does a thriving business. Mr. Ingham was married, May 27, 1875, to Augusta L., daughter of "Major" Terry, of Terrytown, and they have seven children, viz.: Charles U., born January 28, 1876; Ernest J., born April 12, 1878'; Harry T., born August 29, 1881; Louisa M., born January 17, 1884; Mary, born September 26, 1886; James T., born December 21, 1889, and George B., born August 24, 1891. Mr. Ingham is a member of the I. O. O. F., Clauson Lodge, at Sugar Bun ; is a ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church, is a Repub lican in politics, and is at present postmaster at Sugar Run. MRS. SOLOME B. (RICHISON) INMAN, P. O. Gillett, widow of the late Benjamin Inman, was born in Cherry Valley, N. Y., Sep tember 20, 1813, a daughter of Luther and Rebecca (Bell) Richison. The Richison and Inman families removed to this county about the same time, in 1831, and located in Ridgebury, and Solome Avas then seA'enteen years of age. Mr. Richison's family consisted of nine chil dren, of whom Mrs. Inman is tlie fourth ; she and a younger brother are all who are living of the nine, and she is noAv in her seventy- eighth year. They began housekeeping in a log house, sixteen feet square, with hemlock boards and bassAvood bark ceiling ; here they lived twenty-one years as pioneers in the Avilderness, enduring the hardships of all early settlers; then built a frame house, in which they lived fifteen years, when this was burnt ; they then built the house the family now occupy. Mrs. Inman reared a family of nine children — six Of.} HISTORY OF BUAHKORll COUNTY. sons and three daughters eight of whom grew to maturity, and live of these are now living; four of the sons served their country in the Civil War. and one, John, lost his life in Amlersonville prison. Mr. Inman lived to be seventy-three years of age, and died in 1883; his son Edward works the farm; they are general farmers, raising stock, wool, grain, and pay especial attention to dairying.. Edward married Clara, daughter of Hiram and Elizabeth Joiner, and to them were born four children ; he has been honored with the olllces of asses sor and town treasurer. THE ADAM INNF.S FAMILY, Granville Centre, is one of the most important in southwest Bradford county. Adam Innes, the orig inal Sootchman of this American race, was born in Musselburgh, Scot land, April 10, 1820, and died in Granville Centre, this oounty, March 10, 1886, aged sixty -five years and eleven months. Tie was the only son and chad Avho grew to maturity in the family of Robert- and Mar ian Kirkwood Innes. In the old country his parents were of the mid dle olass, and ho had only limited educational advantages. In his youth he Avas apprenticed to the tanner's trade, and his principal and important lessons in young life were industry, thoroughness and a rigid economy, and in these lay the foundation of his successes and fortune.. He completed his apprenticeship, a thorough and master workman, and for some time worked in the tannery in Linlithgow, Scotland, at which place he was married, October 4, 1844, to Helen McNeil, a native of that place, born April 17, 1821, a daughter of Daniel and Mary (Duncan) McNeil, of the oouuties of Edinburgh and Linlithgow, respectively, Avho had eight ohildren — five daughters and three sons — of whom Helen avus the second in order of birth. Four years after marriage they emigrated from their native land, coming direct, to America to make their future permanent home, stopping first in Norwich, New London Co., Conn., where he worked a short time at, his trade, and then removed to Ulster county, N. Y., where he was in the employ of one, Abram Schultz, at whose death he secured an interest, with tho heirs in the tannery. In time Mr. Innes was operating tho two tanneries by con tract, and thus continued until 1805, when ho removed to Granville Centre, and purchased the old Martin tannery. By this time his repu tation for his products was widely extended. Whon ho took hold of this establishment it Avasa, very small affair, but, he increased its capac ity from 7,000 sides per year to 28,000, and yet the demand for his goods outran the supply. In 1870 ho built the "Caledonia Tannery" at Grover, Canton township, with a capacity of 32,000 sides annually, and placed his son, Daniel, in charge. in 1880 ho established the "Wallace Tannery," at Roaring Branch, with a capacity of 40,000 sides annually, under his son, John A. Adam Innes was also for some time associated with Brainard Bowon, of Troy, in the tannery there. In February, 1881, he helped to establish the First National Bank of Canton, and was elected its president; Avas re-elected three times, but in January, 1885, on account of his health, he declined further service in that capacity, lie avixs one of the promoters, and vice-president, of the Keystone Land and Cattle Company, owning a ranoli nnd large tract of land in Dakota. In February, 1884, he became a member of H1ST0KY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 913 the extensive leather firm of Schultz, Innes & Co., of Nos. Ill, 113 and 115 Cliff St., N. Y., Avhioh continued until his death; was also a large stockholder in the Citizens National Bank, Towanda. This is a mere skeleton outline of the vast business oareer of Adam Innes. His force of character, his clear, strong judgment, his never- questioned integrity, his broad and generous equity, justice and helpful enarity Avere known, but slightly compared to their reality, by those Avho even kneAv him best. Exemplary in private life, and most worthy in his social mingling with the world, his strong Scotch blood was at its very best among his olosest intimates, and under his family roof-tree. "A man among men " — rearing a model family, purifying the social atmosphere in Avhich he moved, and devoting his great life to the deA'elopraent of his adopted country, State and neighborhood. A pro ducer where he found barrenness and Avant; developing that higher and better civilization that makes this earth wholesome, and the human heart vooal Avith joys. No urgency from his many friends could ever induce him to stand for politioal offioe; his impulses Avere in a different and, it is not too muoh to say, a higher plane of existence. His Avhole nature Avas retiring, modest and self-abnegating in the extreme. He Avas a member of the Congregational Church, but his religion Avent out to his felloAY-man and kneAv no sectarianism. He Avas buried under the auspices of the F. & A. M. Lodge of Troy, and about his fresh-opened tomb the whole community stood as deep and sincere mourners, and no man has ever been laid away that has been more grievously missed. His rare life Avas not a fitful fever nor a fretful dream, but a sublime reality, tinged with the golden aureole, and he sleeps well. Mrs. Adam Innes spent her early life in her native Scotland home, and learned at the paternal knee those noble lessons of life that made her in time ¦• a blessed mother in Israel." Her faithful and' eminent husband's proudest boast to his most intimate circle of friends, Avhen old age was coming on, was that he owed far more of his success to her than to any one, or all else; that in every important transaction, after their marriage, he consulted her, not only as an equal, but as his superior, and her approval Avas of supreme and last importance. She Avas of the most rugged of Scotch blood — patient, brave, womanly and yet of strong judgment and remarkable executive ability. In their home she Avas mother, the highest that can be said of mortal ; in social and friendship's Avide domain she stood a constant and joyous benedic tion, generous, Christain, kind, tender and loving in all her impulses ; first her husband* then her children, then all mankind. She Avas one year vounger than her husband, survived him nearly two years, dying February 23, 18SS. and then was laid at rest by his side — in life united, in death not separated — and they sleep sweetly in Granville Cemetery. Though painfully afflicted during the last nine years of her life Avith a rheumatic affection, her patient fortitude and Christain gentleness never deserted her; serene in tlie memory of her late departed companion, happy and content in the presence of her loving ohildren. She awaited the end as the beautiful child nestles in its mother's bosom, and closes its eyes in a sweet and dreamless sleep. Their children Avere five sons anil three daughters; Robert, of Bodines; Daniel, and Mary C, Mrs, James 914 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. H. Eastgate, of Grover; Olivia, Mrs. Charles G. Sayles, of Granville Centre; John A., Colin A., and Helen J. Innes, of Canton, and Judson K., of Granville Centre. DANIEL INNES, president First National Bank, Canton, was born in Linlithgow, Scotland, February 28, 1848, the second in the fam ily of eight children born to Adam and Helen (McNeil) Innes, also n_i- tives of Scotland. When he was ten weeks old his parents removed to this country, and he was reared principally in Ulster county, N. Y., receiving his education in the public and high schools. He learned the tanner's trade with his father, and in the fall of 1870 was placed in charge of the Caledonia Tannery, which he still retains. He was married at Granville, this countv, in 1872, to Miss Pamelia A., daughter of John and Polly (Miles) Vroman, of Canton, natives of this county and Mehoop any, Wyoming Co., Pa., respectively. Mrs. Innes, who is the second in a family of four living children, Avas born in Burlington township, this county, April 4, 1849. To Mr. and Mrs. Innes were born four children, viz.: Charles Arthur, Floyd Adam, Edna Ann and Edward Richardson. Our subject has been president of the First National Bank of Canton since the spring of 1885; is one of the trustees of the hospital at Blossburg; is a stockholder in the Keystone Land and Cattle Company, of South Dakota ; also a stockholder in the State Bank, of Lisbon, Dak.; is interested in the firm of Schultz, Innes & Co., of New York. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity; Canton Lodge, No. 415; Troy Chapter, No. 261; Canton Commandery, No. 64; is also a member of the Lodge of Perfection, of Towanda, and politically he is a Republican. JOHN A. INNES, tanner, Canton, is a native of Ulster county, N. Y., born July 20, 1855, a son of Adam and Helen (McNeil) Innes, a sketch of whom precedes this. He is the fifth in order of birth in a family of eight children, and was reared in Ulster county, N. Y., until ten years of age. when they came with the family to Granville Centre. He received a public school education, and learned the tanning trade Avith his father, with whom he remained until February, 1883, Avhen he and three of his brothers bought their father's tanneries at Gran ville Centre, Grover and Roaring Branch, the firm name being A. Innes Sous. Their product is union crop sole leather. Mr. Innes is a mem ber of the firm of Schultz, Innes & Co., hide and leather merchants, of New York, and they have also a branch house in Boston. He is also connected with the Keystone Cattle Company, whose ranch is in South Dakota. They have 14,000 acres of hemlock tiirfber, required for the bark; a farm near Canton containing 200 acres; fine-bred trotting horses, cattle, etc. Mr. Innes was married in Troy, September 19, 1878, to Jennie E. Williams, born in Troy township, this county, January 15, 1853, second in the family of four children of Samuel and Eliza (Clifton) Williams. To them were born six children, as follows: Edith M., Paul E. (deceased), Ralph (deceased), John A., Daniel T. and Gertrude P. Mr. Innes is a director of the First National Bank of Canton, is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, Canton Lodge, No. 415, Troy Chapter, No. 261, and Canton Commandery, No. 64; was emi nent commander of the latter in 1888. Politically he is a Republican. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 915 J. K. INNES, tanner, Granville Centre, is a native of Ulster Co., N. Y., born December 25, 1862, the youngest in the family of eight children born to Adam and Helen (McNeil) Innes. He was educated in the public school, at Granville Centre, and the graded schools at Troy; also attended the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, at ToAvanda. When three years old he was brought by his parents from Ulster county, N. Y., to Bradford county, Pa., and has since resided in Granville township. He learned the tanner's trade with his father, and in the spring of 1883 took charge of the Scotia Tannery, Avhere he has remained until the present time. The product of the tannery is 30,000 sides annually. On September 15, 1886, Mr. Innes was married in Granville township to Jennie, daughter of P. J. and Almina (Case) Catlin, natives of Schuyler county, N. Y., who had a family of three daughters of Avhom Mrs. Innes is the second, born in Granville toAvnship, August 30, 1867. Her father is a farmer of that township, and served his,country in the Civil War; her grandfather, George Catlin, was a native of NeAV York, has been a resident of Granville toAvnship, this county, forty years, and is noAv eighty -three years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Innes have had born to them one daughter, Laura A., born November 6, 1888. Our subject is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, Troy Lodge, No. 306, Troy Chapter, No. 261, Canton Commandery, No. 64; also, a, member of the I. O. O. F., Granville Centre, No. 687 ; has passed all the chairs, and is holding the office of treasurer at the present time ; politically he is a Republican. CHARLES N. IRVINE, farmer, Monroe township, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born in Monroe township, on the old Welch Inine homestead, August 9, 1846, and is a son of Guy C. and Deborah A. (Hollon) Inane, the former of whom was born August 25, 1816, a son of Welch Irvine who removed to Monroe in 1814, and Avas of Scotch- Irish origin ; the latter was a branch of the Hollon family, well knoAvn in Monroe. In his father's familv there were two children : Lyman Welch, born January 8, 1842, who lives on the old homestead (he was in the quartermaster's department at Murf reesboro, Tenn., during the war ; he married Lorania H. Van Gorder, by whom he has two children : Zilpha, born April 27, 1873, married to Clark A. Dodson, a farmer and lumberman, Shickshinny, Pa., and Deborah E., born January 12, 1877), and Charles N. The subject of this sketch spent his boyhood on the farm, was educated in the common school, also in Monroe graded school, and at twenty-one engaged in business for himself; he worked his father's farm seven years, and then located on his present home, Avhich he had previously purchased. Mr. Irvine was married, January 26, 1874, to Miss Alice A., daughter of Wells and. Mary A. (Shiner) Goff, of Monroe ; she died September 19, 1888, leaving two children : Carrie D.,born November 14, 1875, and Guy O, born March 28, 1879. Mr. Irvine was afterward married, March 18, 1S91, to Miss Sarah, daughter of F.Wilson and Mary (Hanna) Frutchey, of Frenchtown. Lyman and Charles N. Irvine are Republicans in poli tics, and have been frequent holders of toAvn offices in Monroe township. JAMES W. IRVINE, merchant, Liberty Corners, was bom in Monroe, this countv. March 6. 1S25, and is a son of Welch and Mary 916 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. M. (Kester) Irvine, natives of Cumberland and Union counties, respec tively. Welch Irvine Avas of Scotch descent, his wife of German. His parents fled from the Indians, from Northumberland county to Cumberland county, and while there in camp Welch was born, but his mother died soon after ; the exact date of his birth is unknown, but it is thought to be not far from June 15, 1780. George, the brother of Welch, removed to Bradford county ; coming up Lycoming creek, which he crossed thirty-six times, he arrived in FoAvlertown after dark, December 17, 1813. Andrew — a half-brother — located in Towanda, in 1812, Avhere he erected and operated a tannery till 1836, when he removed to Warren county, Pa., where he bought property and engaged extensively in lumbering and farming. On the property Avhich he purchased, and Avhich is now in possession of his children, are several productive oil and gas wells. In 1814, Welch removed and located on the farm now owned by E. T. Parks, where he remained till sometime in 1815, when he moved onto the land which he bought at Liberty Corners, and followed farming and boat-building until his death, Avhich occurred February 12, 1850. In his family there Avere six children, of Avhom J. W. is the fifth. He began life for himself, farming, at nine teen, which he followed untilthe spring of 1866, when he engaged in clerking, which he followed tAvo years in Taylorsville and Scranton, and then located in his present place of business, where he has since kept a general store, and dealt quite extensively in Syracuse chilled ploAvs, and has also given some attention to farming. He was married, January 8. 1851, to Miss Almira, daughter of Jeremiah and Elizabeth Orcutt) Hollon, and they have had the following named children : Leonard S., born September 9, 1853, a farmer in Monroe township; Mary E., born May 20, 1860, died August- 19, 1865; Alice and Addie M. (twins), born July 1, 1864 (Addie M. died April 10, 1872, and Alice was married June 6, 1888, to O. Delos Davis, who was born in Steuben county, N. Y., June 25, 1864, and is a son of Rev. Orson D. and Malissa (KnoAvles) Davis (he is in the employ of Mr. Irvine); they have one child, Irvine D., born April 2, 1889). Mr. Irvine is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; has always been a supporter of all public and educational enterprises, taught school at Smithfield as early as 1843, and then taught, off and on, twelve years, having at times as many as eighty pupils ; he is a Republican in politics, and was post master from 1872 till 1886. J. M. IRVINE, farmer and stock-raiser, Wyalusing township, P. O. Hornet's Ferry, was born in Wyalusing township, this county, February 20, 1858, and is a son of John Irvine. He was reared on the farm he now occupies, was educated in the common school, and upon reaching his majority was already a well-equipped farmer. He has always resided on the old homestead, which he has OAvned since 1872; it contains 100 acres of productive land, Avell improved and well stocked with horses and cattle. He combines hay-pressing and thresh ing with farming, and owns a fine steam rig for that purpose. Mr. Irvine was married, October 23, 1883, to Delia Biles, a daughter of Charles Biles, of the same vicinity, and their union has been blessed Avith two children: Raymond and Christine. He is a member of Fair- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 917 banks Association P. of I., No. 3304, and politically he is a Democrat. Mr. Irvine, who is one of Wyalusing's successful young farmers, has all the qualities that go to make up a leading man of his class — :indus- trv, honestv, frugality and intelligence. ' ROBERT M. IRVINE, farmer, Monroe township, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born in Monroe, June 24, 1846, and is a son of William W. and Eliza (Hollon) Irvine. Robert spent his boyhood on the farm, and attended the common schools. He then took up farming, and has followed it since, on a portion of the old Irvine homestead. He was married, March 15, 1871, to Miss Myra Dell, daughter of Charles and Elizabeth (DuBois) Marcy. the former a native of Monroe and of New England origin, and the latter a native of New York State, of German lineage. One son and two daughters blessed this happy union, viz.: Alice A. (born November 2, 1872), Jennie M. (born July 20. 1S75), and Frederick E. (born May 11, 1S79). Mr. Irvine is an earnest and enthusiastic Democrat. WASHINGTON IRVINE, farmer and stock-grower. Wvalusing township, P. O. Homet's Ferry, was born in Asylum township, this county, January 9, 1832, and is a son of John and Martha (Arnot) Irvine. When he was eight years of age he came with his parents to the old homestead, now occupied by his brother, John M., and there he passed his boyhood, assisting in clearing and cultivating the land, and during winters attending school at Fairbanks school-house. He remained with his father, on the old homestead, until he Avas thirty- three years old. and then removed to his present place, which at that time was an old frame house, with about fifteen acres of cleared land, which be at once began clearing aud improving, and now he has seventy acres of fine farm land, fifty acres being cleared, and all well improved, with good buildings and fences. Mr. Irvine was united in marriage, December 25. 1864. with Lucy A., daughter of Thomas and Juliett (French) Doud, residents of Franklin township. Her father died in 1871, aged sixty-four years; her mother is yet living; they had a family of six children, three yet living. Mrs. Irvine being the eldest in the family. This union has been blessed with three children : Alice. married to S. D. Eilenberger, an employ6 of Frost »Sr Sons ; Margaret and Bertha, stndentsat the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute. Towanda. Mr. Irvine, has always been a farmer, and has his farm Avell stocked with horses and cattle; he is a member of the Fairbanks Association, Patrons of Industrv, and is a Democrat. WILLIAM W. IRVINE, farmer. Monroe township, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born in Northumberland county, Pa., April 5, 1812. and is a son of George and Margaret (Reed) Irvine, natives of Pennsyl vania, the former of Protestant-Irish origin ; the ancestors of thelatter lived in Pennsylvania many generations. In their family there were nine children of whom subject is the sixth ; the other eight lived to be over sixty years of age. two sisters and the subject of this sketch being the only survivors. George Irvine came to Monroe township in 1813, and lived near where Monroeton now is. until he built his house of hewn logs, where William W. now resides. The last-named gentle man worked for the general interest of the family until he was nearly S3 918 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. thirty, and then engaged in farming and lumbering on the old home stead, which he has since followed. He wasmarried, October 16, 1842, to Miss Eliza, daughter of Jeremiah and Betsey (Orcutt) Hollon, and they have five children (three of whom are living) : Robert, born June 28, 1846 ; George P., born July 24, 1850, died July 24, 1851 ; Edward C, born May 31, 1853, clerk in C. P. Welles' store, Towanda; Walter W., born July 3, 1855, residing at home, and Alice V., born April 16, 1858, died NoA'ember 19, 1865. Mr. and Mrs. Irvine are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he has not failed to poll a Dem ocratic ballot at general election in fifty -eight years. PHILEMON ISBELL, farmer, of Burlington township, P. O. Luther's Mills, Avas born in Eaton, Madison Co., N. Y., September 20, 1809, a son of Noah and Nancy (Slocum) Isbell, of English and Welch origin, natives of Massachusetts. Noah was a tanner and currier, also a farmer, and died when our subject was three years of age ; the mother then married John Hall, a farmer of Onondaga county, N. Y. When Philemon was fourteen years of age the family removed to Owego N. Y., Avhere he Avas reared on the farm, and, soon after attaining his majority, he engaged in farming for himself, in Michigan, Avhere he remained until 1843, Avhen he came to Bradford county, and settled in Burlington, where he has been engaged in lum bering and farming. He married, in February, 1833, Margaret Ann McNeil, of Scotch ancestry, born May 10, 1810, a daughter of Francis and Polly (Norton) McNeil. To this union Avere born eleven children, seven of Avhom are living, as follows : Hulda, John, Nancy, Polly, Maria, Sherman and William. John is a farmer in Burlington, and was a soldier in an Engineer Corps in the Civil War; he married Mary, a daughter of Welcome and Julia Ann (Jones) Rice ; her father is living at the age of eighty-one years. William Avas married to Franc Adamson, who died, and for his second wife he married Alice, daugh ter of J. and Lydia (Bennett) Campbell, of North Towanda; he is a farmer on the old homestead (a fine farm of about 100 acres) Avith his father. Philemon Isbell, the subject of this sketch, Avas many years a Democrat, but since Buchanan's administration he has been a Republi can, as are the sons. The family are members of the Methodist Epis copal Church, having joined the same about 1850. They are hard working people, and respected by all. W. C. JACKSON, farmer, P. O. Terrytown, was born near Dushore, Sullivan Co., Pa., October 28, 1861, a son of Andrew R. and Matilda (Lawrence) Jackson, the former born in Berwick, Columbia Co., Pa., January 2, 1819 ; the latter in Upper Augusta township (near Sunbury), Northumberland Co., Pa., and removed to this county in 1867, locating at Terrytown, on the Susquehanna river, on a portion of the Dodge property. Andrew Jackson resided on this place until he died, November 22, 1885, at the age of sixty-six years. He was a good citizen and a Avorthy resident of the town"; his chil dren number seven, tAvo by first marriage, who are both living, and five by second marriage, three of whom grew to maturity, and are now living. The subject of these lines Avas reared and educated in Terry township, having come Avith his father when very young, and always HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 919 confined himself to farming, at which he is an adept. At the age of twenty-four, March 25, 1886, he married, at West Terry, Miss Agnes I., daughter of Peter and Margaret Layman, and there was born to them one child, Edith L., now aged three years. Mr. Jackson is a prosperous, industrious general farmer ; some of his stock are regis tered, and very fine ; he is a member in good standing of the Presby terian Church, also of the P. of I.; politically he is an Independent. E. H. JACOBY Avas born May 12, 1834, at Mehoopany, Wyoming Co., Pa., and is the third in the family of seven children of Leonard and Judith (Williams) Jacoby, natives of this State, of German and Welsh extraction. He was orphaned at the age of eighteen, and, being thus thrown early upon his own resources, he commenced business at the mason trade, having received instructions from his father. At about the age of twrenty he had several severe attacks of hemorrhage of the lungs, and for more than a year fears were entertained that he would be a victim to consumption, but he finally recovered, and resumed busi ness, doing a great deal of mason work by contract, and employing a number of men. On May 17, 1860, he was married to Julietta Aumick, of Eatontown, Wyoming Co., Pa. In 1861, he moved to Auburn township, Susquehanna Co., and was there drafted, in November, 1863, and reported at Scranton, January 14, 1864, but was exempted by paying $300. On February 6, 1865, his wife died, leaving one child. Mr. Jacoby dealt speculatively in tobacco and other commodities; also in real estate to some extent. In 1866 he became a resident of Brad ford county, and December 31, 1867, he married Maria L., fourth daughter of Rev. D. Trumble, of Liberty Corners, and there have been born of this union, six children, as follows: Carrie E., born March 3. 1869; Alice O, born April 20, 1871; Arthur B., born October 16, 1875; Olin D., born December 2, 1880; Ralph B., born January 10, 1887; Stanley L., born September 16, 1889. In the spring of 1881 Mr. Jacoby purchased and moved on the farm where he now resides in Asylum township; in 1885 he erected a commodious farm house, a fine country residence. He is a prominent and successful farmer, a mem ber of the Masonic Fraternity and the Farmers' Alliance. Politically, he was a Republican previous to 1872, since when he has voted with the Democratic party. He has never been an office-seeker, but has been seAr- eral times elected to the offices of his town. S. ATWOOD JAKWAY, retired farmer, P. O. Windham Centre, was born in Washington county, N. Y., December 22, 1818, and is a son of Fredrick and Betsey Atwood, also natives of New York. The father died in 1840, and the mother in 1861; they had six children, of whom Samuel A. was the fifth. The family were agriculturists, and our subject became a farmer, and prospered well, and when he retired from active labors he owned a fine farm of seATenty acres. He came to Bradford county in 1861, and located in Windham township. He was married, in Saratoga county, N. Y., to Miss Delia, daughter of Thomas and Eliza Ellis, natives of Vermont, and to this marriage three children Avere born, as follows: Francis, Fredrick and Albert. The mother of these children died in 1859. Mr. Jakway married again, taking as his second wife Mrs. Eliza E. Spencer, daughter of William 920 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and Ann Grimley, a family of Fnglish descent, and in their family of six children Eliza Avas the third. She grew to womanhood in Windham township, and first married Joseph G. Spencer, by whom she had one child, James A. Mr. Spencer died in 1864. Mr. and Mrs. Jakway have no children ; they are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He ser\Ted his country one year, and was in the Army Construction Corps. In political affairs he affiliates with the Republican party. F. H. JARVIS, principal of the Wyalusing schools, Wyalusing, was born in Orwell township, this county, December 22, 1862, and is the only child of John K. and Nancy Maria (Atwood) Jarvis, the former of whom, who Avas a teacher of instrumental and vocal music, died October 3, 1870. The ancestry of our subject, on his father's side, originally came from England and settled in Norwalk, Conn. His grandparents removed from Norwalk to Fairfax county, Conn., whence they came to Pennsylvania about 1848, settling in Bradford county. He is a descendant of William Jarvis, Avho, in 1738, Avas one of the forty-two signers from Norwalk of the "Ernest Memorial" addressed to the General Assembly for the propagation of the Gospel in foreign parts. The 600, all over sixteen, embraced the members of England, living in His Majesty's Colony of Connecticut." William was one of the three of the Jarvis line, Samuel Jarvis (father of the eminent and distinguished Bishop of Connecticut) and Samuel Jarvis, Jr., the others who broke avray from the standing order and helped extend the church, finally giving the Bishop of Connecticut, the Rev. Dr. Samuel Farmar Jarvis. The ancestry of F. H. Jarvis, on his mother's side, is as follows : He is grandson of Silas H. Atwood, he being son of Reuben Atwood, Avho was born in Ridgebury, Conn., and was the tenth of the thirteen issues of Mary (daughter of Dr. Henry Skelton) and Elisha Atwood, the latter born April 27, 1745, and died May 24, 1825. He was also the third son of Oliver and Louis (Wheeler) AtAvood, their marriage taking place November 12, 1740. Oliver born March 11, 1717, died January 30, 1810, was the last child of Dr. Jonathan, who emigrated from England to Northbury, and was among the early settlers. His father. Capt. Thomas AtAvood, Avas, tradition says, for a time captain of a company under Oliver Cromwell. He was a physician of much note, and died 1628. The name of Atwood has been one of some consequence on both sides of the Atlantic, sixteen different families haATe entered their coats of arms in the Herald office, and ten of the same had graduated at differ ent colleges prior to 1853. F. H. Jarvis received his early education in the common schools of Orwell township, and at ReRaysville Academy. He entered the Col legiate Institute at Towanda in the fall of 1882, and was graduated therefrom June 10, 1886. He taught his first term in 1882-83, and was attending school then until after his graduation. In the fall of 1886 he came to Wyalusing and took charge of the schools in that place, being at the head of the profession in this part of the county. On July 19, 1888, Mr. Jarvis received a life certificate from the Department of Public Instruction of Pennsylvania. In the oratorial contest of his class he received favorable mention. He is a member HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 921 of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Wyalusing, in which he fills the office of steward, and is assistant superintendent of the Sabbath- school ; is also chorister of the church. He has excellent musical talent, and has taught vocal music successfully. He is secretary of the Bradford County Mutual Musical Alliance, and was an officer of the committee on permanent certificates,- elected by the teachers of Bradford county. In politics he is a Republican, and Avas census enumerator for Pike township in 1890. MOSES JEFFERS, JR., proprietor of the " Ulster House," Ulster, was born November 2, 1834, at Albany, N. Y., a son of Moses" and Mary (Davis) Jeffers, natives of New York. His father was of Irish and "his mother of Dutch, extraction; in their family were seven children, four of Avhom are living. The family migrated to this State in 1859, locating in Susquehanna county, afterward in Carlisle, where the father died at the ripe age of four score and four. The son attended the com mon schools of Ulster county, N. Y., receiving an average education ; on leaving school he was apprenticed to learn the trade of carriage7 making, serving three years. He enlisted in Company A, One Hun dred and Forty-first Regiment, P. V. L, August 7, 1862, and was discharged at Bailey's Cross Roads, Va., May 28, 1865, having served over three years, and participated in twenty-six battles, the most important of which were Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettys burg. The total loss of hearing in his left ear was caused during the service by the explosion of a shell, and exposure. He is a member of Jackson Post, No. 74, G. A. R., of Wyalusing. Mr. Jeffers was united in marriage with Sarah, daughter of John and Sallie (Whitney) Rosen- crans, and two children Avere born to them : John C. and Sallie, latter of whom died in infancy. Mr. Jeffers, Jr., came to Ulster, November 26, 1886, and purchased the "Ulster House," which he now controls. His health was sacrificed in the army, and he has been unable to work at his trade since ; he is one of Bradford county's successful citizens, and, in politics, is a Republican. The family worship at the Presbyter ian Church. CHARLES E. JENNINGS, dealer in groceries, provisions, etc., is a native of Herrick township, this county, born December 21, 1850, a son of Richard and Sally (Coe) Jennings, natives of New Jersey and New York, respectively. They came to this county when young, and were married here. Richard Jennings is a farmer, and resides in Standing Stone township. The paternal grandfather, Ira Jennings, who was a native of New Jersey, resided in this county twenty-five or thirty years, and died in Michigan. Charles E. Jennings is the fifth in order of birth in a family of twelve children, of whom ten are now living. He was reared in Herrick township, and received an academic education at Camptown; taught district school seven terms, and farmed in Standing Stone township until the spring of 1889, when he removed to Canton, and engaged in his present business. He was married in Canton, in 1881, to Isaclore, daughter of Gilbert and Ada- line (Cronk) Lathrop, natives of Wyalusing township. Gilbert Lathrop is a farmer, and resides in Armenia township. Mrs. Lathrop died in 1888, in her sixty-second year. Mrs. Jenning's grandfather, Lawrence, 922 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Avas a soldier in the War of 1812. She is the eldest in order of birth in a family of six children, and was born in Herrick toAvnship, in Jan uary, 1857. To them have been born three children : Daisy, Franklin and Laura. Mrs. Jennings is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically he is a Republican. Our subject's brother, George, was in the War of the Rebellion, and was shot through right lung in the second day's fight, battle of the Wilderness ; lay on battle-field nine days, at expiration of which time he Avas carried twelve miles in an ambulance ivagon, a portion of the road being corduroy ; but he sur vived all this, and is living at the present day, but has been in very poor health ever since. Mrs. Jennings' grandfather, Lathrop, was a min ister of the Gospel for over forty years ; had three sons in the Civil War, all of whom lost their lives there. Grandfather Cronk enlisted in the Civil War, also five sons, all of whom returned. HENRY W. JENNINGS, farmer, of Granville township, P. O. Windfall, was born in Troy toAvnship, this county, January 17, 1829, and is a son of Ebenezer and Hester (Miller) Jennings, natives of Ver mont and New York, respectively, Avho settled in Troy township in 1825, and cleared and improved a farm on Avhich they lived and died , their children Avere eight in number: Rachel (Mrs. Alphonzo Mott)' Mary (second wife of Alphonzo Mott), Laura (Mrs. Volney B. Taylor)' Sarah (Mrs. Morgan Brown), Armelia (Mrs. Valentine Saxton), Emm j (Mrs. Seeley Lasher), Henry W. and Edwin. Henry W., the subjeca of this sketch, was reared in Troy toAvnship, and lived on the homet stead of his father until 1866, when he removed to Granville town ship, where he has since resided. In September, 1854, he married Terressa, daughter of Thomas and Isabel (Wilson) Case, of Canton township, and has tAvo sons: Frank and Fred. Mr. Jennings is a pop ular citizen and enterprising farmer; he is a member of the Free-Will Baptist Church, and in politics is a Republican. S. II. JEWELL, of the firm of Ingham & Jewell, dealers in clothing, gents' furnishings, boots and shoes, Canton, is a native of Troy, where he was born October 28, 1863; his parents are E. S. and Armitta M. (Davidson) Jewell, natives of Vermont and Ithaca, N. Y., respectively. E. S. Jewell is a retired merchant of Troy, for a number of years a member of the firm of Jewell & Pomeroy. Our subject, who is the younger of two children, received his early education in the borough schools of Troy, and entered the Pennsylvania Military Academy of Chester, in the fall of 1879, graduating from there in the spring of 1883. On April 1, 1884, he returned home, and engaged in his present business in Canton. He Avas married in Canton, in March, 1889, to Anna B., daughter of James and Charlotte (Lindley) Ingham, natives of this county ; she is the younger of two living children, and is a member of the Presbyterian Church ; politically Mr. Jewell is a Republican. AMOS JILLSON, retired carriage-maker, Warren, was born there September 14, 1832, a son of Richard and Lydia P. (Robinson) Jillson, natives of Connecticut and of English descent. Richard Jillson followed the sea for many years of his life, prior to the War of 1812, when he enlisted as a volunteer, and served the three years of that war. In HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 923 1825, in Norwich, Conn., he married Lydia P., a daughter of Patrick Robinson, and the young husband and wife came to Bradford county, Avhere he resided until his death, in July, 1874 ; his widow died January 3, 1888. They reared nine children, of whom Amos, who Avas the fourth, spent his young days on his father's farm in this toAvnship. In September, 1864, he enlisted in Company I, Forty-fifth P. V. I., and Avent directly to the front with the Ninth. Corps of the Army of the Potomac, of Avhich his command was a picket regiment, and under fire daily, and exposed to the constant hazards of Avar. At a place called " Fort Hell" he was detailed to level the terraces between the picket-line and the fort, preparatory to a charge on the enemy, and while thus employed was under severe fire all the time, and at Fort Rice Avas with the alarm guard, and exposed to heavy firing of shot and shell, continu ously. These are but samples of the service he Avas in, and some of his severe exposures. He was stricken Avith sickness in front of Petersburg, the effects of a severe cold, and was sent to the Ninth Corps Hospital, at City Point, where he was confined six weeks, and his slow recovery showed that his constitution was shatterd, and every indication was that he would never wholly recover; but he joined his regiment, returned to Washington, was in the grand review, and Avas discharged at Harris burg, in June, 1865, when the long and cruel war was over. He returned home, and, as soon as physically able, engaged in his trade of carpentering, but was not strong enough forheaA'y work, so changed to making carriages, and purchased a factory and operated it with entire success. He was married in Orwell to Helen M., daughter of Burton and Sally (Elsworth) Russell, natives of Connecticut, and of English and Scotch descent. Mr. Jillson is a Freemason, and has passed all the degrees of the Blue Lodge. While he is prematurely old, from much exposure in the cause of his country, he is at peace with all mankind, and grateful to the country for which he fought and suffered. He draws a pension of $17.00 per month. ALFRED JOHNSON, drayman, Troy, was born in Columbia town ship, this county, February 1, 1853, a son of Simon and Eliza (Bab cock) Johnson. His father Avas a native of Vermont, and in early manhood settled in Troy borough, where he Avorked at his trade of carpentering. He was a member of the Baptist Church, and died in 1858; his wife was a daughter of Vincent Babcock, a pioneer of Brad ford county; by her he had the following children: Betsey, Martha (Mrs. Charles Howland), Lucy (Mrs. N. J. Stewart), Reuben", Willard and Alfred, the subject of this sketch, Avho was reared in Troy town ship, educated in common schools, and, after attaining his majority, worked as a farm hand until 1879, when he embarked in the dray bnsiness in Troy, in which he has since successfully continued. He Avas married, September 27, 1877, to Amy, daughter of Fred and Malvina (Berry) Kerrick, of Grover, Pa., and by her he has two children: Bessie and Harry. Mr. Johnson is a member of the Baptist Church, served as constable of Troy one year, and in politics he is a Republican. FRANK E. JOHNSON, farmer and stock-grower, P. O. Potter ville, Avas born March 7, 1841, in the house he now occupies, a son of 924 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Joel and Sophronia (Benham) Johnson, the former of whom, a son of Asahel and Beula (Hitchcock) Johnson, natives of Connecticut, was born May 18, 1799, and was the first Avhite male child born in Orwell township ; his wife was born in Connecticut, and is noAV in her eighty- seventh year. Asahel Johnson was married March 3, 1788, and had the following named children : Lydia, born September 11, 1788, died February 19, 1802; Artemus, born June 24, 1790 (Avas tAvice married and had two families of children ; lived many years in Orwell, but removed to Clearfield county, Pa., where he died, April 21, 1857); Simeon, born February 27, 1792 (married Lydia Benham, and removed to Illinois, where he died December 15, 1878); Amanda, born May 24, 1794 (married Amisa Bowen and removed to Illinois, where she died September 15, 1865); Charlotte, born June 27, 1796 (married Chauncy, son of Capt. Josiah Grant, removed to Illinois and died May 2, 1840); Joel, born May 18, 1799, died November 6, 1880 ; Wealthy, born Janu ary 15, 1801 (married Lorin Brown, and removed to Canada ; she died September 15, 1825); Julia, born May 22, 1804 (married Henry John son, and removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, died August 22, 1832); Clarissa, born May 30, 1806 (married Roswell Wilson, removed to Illinois and from there to Iowa, where she died in 1860); Lydia, born May 8, 1808 (married Harry Wilson, and died in South Warren); Nelson, born May 25, 1810 (married Olive Fletcher, and died in LeRaysville); Mary, born May 6, 1812, died in Clearfield county, Pa. Joel Johnson married June 1, 1820, and had the following named children : Asahel, born March 16, 1821 (was twice married, first to Ann Bowen, and then to Fannie Graham ; he died October 23, 1862); Amanda, born November 13, 1822 (married William Browning); Jehial, born October 5, 1825 (married Caroline Bosworth, and died April 7, 1863); George W., born September, 1827, died at the age of nine years ; Harriet, born Septem ber 12, 1829; Emeline, born in October, 1832 (married John Russell); Avery, born August 7, 1834, died aged three years; George N., born September 14, 1838 (married Alice Chaffee, and resides in LeRaysville); Frank E.; Charlotte S., born November 20, 1843 (married Lycurgus L. Maynard, Avhom she survives). Joel Johnson, Avho Avas among the foremost of the pioneers of this section, was born in the wilderness, and from his infancy he was inured to toil and hardships. As soon as he Avas able to wield the ax, he commenced his conflict with the Avilder ness, and has cleared and cultivated many a broad acre. His father settled on 3,000 acres of land, and built his first cabin close to where the Conklin homestead now stands. Joel took a portion of his father's land upon reaching his majority, and. with the exception of a short time passed in the "Phalanx," at LeRaysville, spent his life on the farm now owned by his son, Frank E.; he was a man of sterling integ rity, noted all over the new county for his hospitality. A large por tion of his life Avas spent in lumbering, and he probably operated the first saAvmill ever built in that section of the township ; he was one of the early stage drivers on the route from Towanda to Montrose, and made the trip, a distance of forty miles, every day from 1847 to 1851. Frank E. Johnson was born and reared on the old homestead, received a common-school education, and upon reaching his majoritv adopted HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 925 farming as an occupation, which he has continued to follow. He owns 115 acres of the old homestead, having the same well improved, and under a high state cultivation, being also well stocked with cattle, sheep and horses. He was married, December 21, 1865, to Julia Hutch inson, and had the following named children: Avery, born October 7, 1866 (married Mary Barton; he is a farmer of Susquehanna county, Pa.); Alice J., born February 11, 1869 (married C. L. Wilmot). The mother of these children dying November 7, 1871, Mr. Johnson mar ried February 6, 1872, Bertha, daughter of Albert and Julia (Ward) Chaffee, of Potterville, this county, who had a family of ten children, of whom Mrs. Johnson is the sixth. By this union there is one child, Louie M.,born March 20, 1874. She was educated in the common schools, and at Rome Academy, and is a teacher by profession, having taught two terms in this county. Mr. Johnson is a Republican in pol itics, and has held several offices in Orwell township. He has upheld the name of the family for hospitality and interest in public improve ment, and ranks among the prominent farmers of the county. GEORGE N. JOHNSON, furniture manufacturer, LeRaysville, , was born in Orwell township, this county, September 14, 1838, a son of Joel Johnson, who was the first male white child born in Orwell town ship, in May, 1799 ; he was a son of Asahel Johnson, a native of Con necticut, and was the first settler in Orwell toAvnship ; he took up and cleared a claim, and followed farming the balance of his life. Joel Johnson attended school until his nineteenth year, then engaged in farming and manufacturing furniture, principally bedsteads, Avhich were in great demand at that time, many of which are still in use. He discontinued that business in 1846, gave all his time to farming, and has held the various town offices ; was a New Churchman. He mar ried Sophronia Benham, and had ten children, viz.: Asahel, deceased ; Amanda, wife of William Browning ; Avery, deceased ; Wellington, deceased ; Jehiel ; Harriet, deceased ; Emaline, wife of John Russell ; George N.; Frank, and Lottie, wife of L. Maynard. George N., the subject of this sketch, attended the district school until his seventeenth year, and high school two Avinters, then learned the furniture trade. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Forty- first P. V. I., and mustered out January 28, 1863 ; then purchased the old shop in which he learned his trade, and started in business $1,500 in debt. In 1870 he moAred to LeRaysville, and erected a building, the tower part of which he has since used in conjunction with his fur niture business ; in 1887 he moved his old building to where it now stands, put on an addition, and has since used the whole as a finishing department, and has followed undertaking. He has been generally successful. Mr. Johnson is Republican, and has been borough coun cilman twelve years, and school director six years ; he is a member of LeRaysville Lodge, No. 471, F. & A. M., and of G. A. R. Post, No. 33. He was married in December, 1861, to Alice, the second of three children of Luther and Julia (Waterman) Chaffee, and they have had eight children, viz.: Scott W., born in Orwell township, November 15, 1862 ; Annie, born in 1864, married to J. B. Keeler; Cora, born in 1866, married to F. H. Pierce; Willie, born 1868, died in infancy; Nellie, 926 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. born in 1872 ; Julia, born in 1876 ; Arthur, born in 1878 ; Mattie, born in 1881. Of these, Scott W. attended district school until his eighteenth year, then Avent to work in his father's furniture factory. In his twenty- first year he Avas taken into partnership under the firm name of Johnson & Son, and has continued since ; he is W. M. of LeRay Lodge, No. 771, F. & A. M.; is member of Post, No. 232, Sons of Veterans, and of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; politically he is a Republican. He married, in 1885, Sadie Averill, and they have had one child, Day, born July 1, 1887. H. F. JOHNSON, attorney, Athens, was born in Greene township, Chenango Co., N. Y., January 19, 1837, a son of H. F. and Esther A. (Frisbie) Johnson, natives of Connecticut, the latter of Litchfield county. The father Avas a farmer, born in February, 1795, and died in Maine, Broome Co., N. Y"., in 1871 ; the mother was born in August, 1800, and died in 1866. Grandfathers Johnson and Frisbie served in the Revolutionary War, one as captain, and the other as a non-commis sioned officer ; the ancestors on both sides of the house came across in the "May Flower." The subject of these lines is a distant relative of Col. Dick Johnson, who killed Tecumseh. He is the fourth in a family of five children, and was reared on a farm, completing his education in Athens Academy, attending about six terms. He removed to this county in February, 1849. He bought a farm in Litchfield township, but had to quit farming on account of his health. He began reading law in November, 1879, under Evans & Maynard, Avas admitted to the bar in December, 1881, and began the practice of his profession in January, 1882. He enlisted in August, 1864, in Company H, Fifteenth New York Engineers, was in charge of the pontoon train, and served in the infantry; was mustered out July 1, 1865. He was married in Owego, N. Y, March 11, 1860, to Miss Euphemia D., daughter of Samuel P. and Lydia (Bidlack) Wolcott, natives of this county. Her grandmother was Col. John Franklin's last Avife. Samuel P. Wolcott died in Litchfield township in January, 1882, in his seventieth year, and Mrs. Wolcott died in September, 1881, in her seventieth year. Euphemia D. Johnson is the second in a family of eight children, of whom six are living., and Avas born in Litch field township, this county, October 18, 1837. To Mr. and Mrs. John son Avere born two sons, as. follows : Oscar, married to Ada Munn, daughter of Rowen Munn (Oscar is a store-keeper in Litchfield Centre); and Warren W., law partner with his father (he Avas admitted to the bar in 1889, at the age of twenty-one, and subsequently married Miss Aaronette B. Spear, daughter of Henry F. Spear, who died in Guatemala, Central America). Mr. H. F. Johnson is a member of the G. A. R., Perkins Post, No. 202 ; is a Democrat, and was nominated by his party as their candidate for the Legislature in 1878, and although the county had at that time a regular Republican majority of about four thousand, he was defeated by less than one thousand votes. T. B. JOHNSON, M. D., Towanda, a prominent member of the medical fraternity of the place, is a son of Alexander T. and Jane (Cuddeback) Johnson, and was born May 14, 1844, in Orange county, N. Y., of which place his parents Avere also natives, of French and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 927 Dutch descent. The father Avas a school teacher, county superintendent of schools, and latterly a farmer; he was a man of prominence and infiuence in bis native place. His family comprised four children, viz.: Dr. AV.E., of Waverly; Blandena E., married to B. F. Dunning; Dr. T. B., and Lyman H., who died in 1SS5. The subject of this brief sketch grew to manhood in his native place, Port Jervis, received a good education and clerked in a drug store in Port Jervis, practicing the study of medicine at the same time. In 1864 he entered the army, and served tAvo years in the capacity of hospital steward, in the U. S. A.; in the latter part of the term he was under Maj.-Gen. Thomas, and had charge of the medical stores of the Army of the Cumberland. He was mustered out after the close of the war, in 1866, and returned to his home. He then attended lectures at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York City, was graduated March 1, 1S68, and April 5, following, arrived at Towanda, Avhere he has made his permanent home, and has enjoyed an extended practice. He is a member of the County Medical Societv, and has served as its president, and is also a member of the State Medical Society; he has taken a deep interest in the public schools, and served as president of the board ; is a Sir Knight Templar, and of the Scottish Rite Degree, and is an Independent in politics. In 1S71 he was married, in Towanda, to Miss Henrietta Barstow\ a native of Towanda, and daughter of the late D. F. Barstow. This happy union has been blessed with three children, as follows: Carrie B., Alexander T. and T. B., Jr. The familv worship at the Episcopal Church, and the Doctor is a member of the vestry. In the social life of the town this is one of the prominent and much respected families. CHARLES F. JONES, merchant, Stevensville, Avas born in Pike, this county, November 10, 1848, a son of Edward W. and Arabella B. (Bosworth) Jones, the former a native of Connecticut, of Welch and English origin. Edward W. was a laAvyer and farmer, was also engaged in the mercantile business; when he first came to Pennsylva nia he taught school at Bailey Hollow, where Scranton now is, and received a school order, but there was no money in the treasury, so he traded his order for a pair of oxen, and refused an offer of a large tract of land for the oxen, and afterward saw the land become worth many millions. In his family were thirteen children, of whom Charles F. was the tenth. He was reared on a farm, educated in the common school, and at Holland Patent Academy. He began life at twenty-one, and clerked in a store in Stevensville for six years; then engaged in farming two years, after which he was in the business of shipping hay and grain for six years. In 1871 he was clerk in the store of Ross & Stevens, and in 1887 was admitted as third partner. Mr. Jones married, October S, 1888, Miss Nellie, daughter of Henry A. and Sarah U. (Stevens) Ross. Mr. and Mrs. Jones are consistent members ofthe Presbyterian Church; he is a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge, at Camptown, and in politics is a Republican ; has been col lector of the taxes in Pike two years, and town clerk five years. HENRY JONES, farmer, carpenter and joiner, Pike township, P.O. LeRaysville, was born at St. John, Quebec, Canada, June 16, 1S32, a son of John and Elizabeth (Jones) Jones, natives of Neath, South 928 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Wales, Avho came to this country in 1832. Their ship, bound for New York, was driven by storm, and they landed in Quebec. Henry was born the day after landing, and when six years old went to live with John Williams, at Neath, Pa., where he resided until twenty-one; then learned the carpenter and joiner's trade, which he followed fifteen years. In 1865 he purchased his present home, and has since worked chiefly at farming. April 28, 1866, he married Jane S., daughter of Philip and GAveny (Davis) Philips, natives of South Wales, and their children were as follows: Mary E., Alfred M. (deceased), Achsah M., Alice R., Sarah G., Hattie Belle (deceased), Samuel P., William U. and Gorner R. Mr. Jones is a member of the Farmers' Alliance, and is a Republican. HENRY USTICK JONES, farmer, and a dealer in agricultural implements, Stevensville, was born May 15, 1841, a son of Edward Wads worth and Arabella (Bosworth) Jones, former of whom was a relative of James W. Wadsworth, Avho was governor of New York and a brigadier-general in the Civil War, a member of Congress, and also of the Capt. Wadsworth "Charter Oak" fame. In Edward Wadsworth's family there were thirteen children : Norval Wadsworth, a member of the bar of Baltimore, who died in Washington in 1863 ; Sarah Louisa, educated in the common school, and female seminaries of Frederick county and Geneva, N. Y. (she has taught in many different places, and in 1877 returned to Stevensville, where she has since made her home with her brother Henry U.); Frances Arabella, married to William Chassell; Theodore Vernon, who died in infancy; Dr. Edward Salmon, in the Treasury Department at Washington; Helen Susan, married to Levi Wells, a farmer in Tuscarora township, died in 1887; Henry U.; Harvey Whittlesey, enlisted in 1862, at the age of eighteen, was mustered out in 1866 (he was engaged in various pursuits in many parts of the United States, returned to Washington, where he died in 1873); Julia Bosworth, married to A. B. Cummings, of Washington ; Frederick William, died in 1888, in Iowa; Charles F.; Lynds Flavius, a graduate of Georgetown Law School, employed in the Census and Interior Departments, admitted to practice law in Washington (he died January 18, 1878); the youngest of this large and influential family is Mary Electra, who married Joseph Kalbfus. Henry Ustiok Jones, the subject proper of this biographical memoir, Avas reared on the farm, educated in the common school, LeRaysville Academy, and Fort Edward Collegiate Institute, Washing ton county, N. Y.; began teaching at seventeen, in Luzerne county. He enlisted at Towanda, August 13, 1862, in Company B, One Hun dred and Forty-first Pennsylvania Volunteers; was made First Lieu tenant, May 23, 1863 ; was wounded at Petersburg, June 18, 1864, Avhile on the staff of Gen. Madill ; was detailed quartermaster of the regiment till 1864, and Avas then made quartermaster of the brigade, until the close of the war. Returning to Stevensville he went from there to Iowa, where he purchased a farm, and remained two years; then returned to Pennsylvania one year, and was then in the United States Signal Service ; he purchased his present home in 1887. The family worship at the Episcopal Church, and they are Republicans. Israel Jones, the grandfather of Henry U., Avas colonel in a Connecti- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 929 cut regiment in the Revolutionary War ; he married Lois WadsAvorth ; they had a family of twelve children, of Avhom EdAvard Wadsworth Avas the youngest. REV. JOHN D. JONES, pastor of the Welch Congregational Church at Neath, was born October 7, 1857, and reared on a farm near Carmarthen, South Wales, a son of Evan and Jane (Davis) Jones, in whose family there were eight children, of whom John D. is the sec ond. After some time spent in the common and preparatory schools, Mr. Jones entered Carmarthen College, where he was graduated in 1882 ; he came to America and entered the Theological Seminary at Yale, and was graduated from there in 1885, since which time he has filled his present position, where he is greatly esteemed by his congre gation, Avhich numbers about 200. Mr. Jones was married, October 26, 1885, to Mrs, John L. Jones, daughter of William and Sarah (Thomas) Davis, natives of Aberavon, South Wales, and three bright children bless this happy union, viz.: Clifford, born February 4, 1887 ; Jane Olive, born September 21, 1888, and Grace, born January 6, 1891. JOHN F. JONES, merchant, Stevensville, was born in Middle- town, Susquehanna Co., Pa., July 21, 1855, a son of William E. and Betsy M. (Pierce) Jones, natiA'es of Pennsylvania. In his father's family there Avere eight children, of whom J. F. is the fourth. At eighteen years of age he was given the management of the Henry Lacey "mill, where he remained one year, then was successively engaged in milling at Monroeton one year, Rushville tAvo years, Monroeton six years, Great Bend one year, Apalachin one year, Stevensville four years ; at the end of this time he engaged in his present mercantile business. He Avas married, January 14, 1880, to Carrie M., daughter of Joseph and Mary Ann (Neiley) Swartwood, natives of Pennsylvania, and of Holland origin. They have four children : Georgiana, born December 2, 1880; Joseph W, born September 18, 1882; Martin L., born January 24, 1885, and Frances May, born January 27, 1887. Mr, Jones is a member of the Knights of Honor, at Monroeton, and is a Republican. LEONARD W. JONES, liveryman, Troy, was born in Canton township, this county, March 15, 1851, son of John B. and Betsey (Crandall). Jones. His father came to Bradford county about 1818, and located in Canton township, where he cleared and improved a farm and. died there. He reared a family of eleven children, as follows: Lewis, Vincent K., Ellen (Mrs. George Streeter), John, Leonard W., Andrew, Rosette (Mrs. Sniffin Vermilyea), Josephine (Mrs. Frank Whiteman), Merrick, Alice, and Mary (Mrs. Charles Rodebaugh). Leon ard W. was reared in Canton township, and after attaining his major ity engaged in farming, until 1890, when he located in Troy, and embarked in the livery business as a member of the firm of Steele & Jones, which he continued seven months, since which time he has con ducted a successful business alone. In 1879 he married EllaL., daugh ter of Edward and Josephine (Wright) Rodebaugh, of Canton, and they have two children: Walter and Helen. He is a member of the Church of Christ; in politics he is a Republican. 930 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. S. 0. JONES, farmer and stock-groAver, Wyalusing township, P. O. Wyalusing, was born in Tunkhannock, Wyoming county, August 19, 1843, and is a son of Joseph Benson and Elizabeth (Sharps) Jones, the former of whom was a native of New York, and the latter of Pennsylvania. The father was a teacher, carpenter and finally a mer chant of Centre1 Moreland,Pa., where he died in 1856, aged thirty -three, leaving a family of tAvo children: S. O., and Carrie E., who married Harry E. Chamberlain, a merchant of Mansfield, Ohio; and died in 1879. Our subject's boyhood was passed in Tunkhannock, Centre More- land and Dallas, Pa., attending public school at these places and at Wilkes-Barre. In 1859 he became clerk in the recorder's office at Wilkes-Barre, and remained there until October, 1862, when he enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and Seventy-seven P. V. I., and served with honor until August, 1863, expiration of term. During service he spent most of his time at Deep Creek, Va., building a fort and sup porting a battery, after his return he was in the recorder's office a short time; then about three years was engaged as book-keeper for a lumber company of Wilkes-Barre. Mr. Jones traveled through the Western States for five years, and upon his return served about eighteen months in an insurance office, and afterward served as assistant city clerk and as the city clerk of Wilkes-Barre, for a period of twelve years. In the spring of 1886 he came to Wyalusing and purchased a farm on Lime Hill, and noAv resides on Vaughn Hill; he has 170 acres of Avell- improved farm land, and has his farm well stocked with horses and cattle. He was united in marriage, September 13, 1875, with Florence E. Barnes, daughter of Albert Barnes, of Wilkes-Barre, and this union has been blessed with the following children: Carrie E., Grace M., Benson S. Olin A., Robert S. and Agnes V. Mr. Jones is identified Avith the Democratic party; he has made his own Avay in life, and has always been successful, WILLIAM H. JONES, foreman of the Franklin Blue Stone Quarry, Sheshequin township, P. 0. Quarry Glen, AAras born in Ulster county, N. Y., May 19, 1842, and is a son of Ezekiel D. and Rachel (Place) Jones, natives of Ulster county. His parents had seven children; the father now resides in Sheshequin township, in the employ of the Franklin Blue Stone Company; the mother is dead. William spent his boyhood in his native place, and received his education, and began life as a teamster; then went to work in the quarries, and learned the stone-cutter's trade, and worked there until he enlisted in the army, September 15, 1863, in Company G, One Hundred and Seventy-sixth N. Y. V., and served until May 26, 1866. He participated in the battles of Winchester, Cedar Creek, and numerous minor engagements, and Avas wounded in the battle of Cedar Creek, in the right shoulder, by a musket ball, which struck him on the side, close to the shoulder blade, and ranged backward and lodged under the shoulder blade ; he still carries the ball in his body. He was sent to Chestnut Hill Hospital, Philadelphia, and Avas there four months; after leaA'ing the hospital he returned to his regiment. On leaving the army, he returned to his former place, and went Avith J. D. Morris, where he is at present. He was married, July 2, 1867, to Ellen, daughter of Jacob HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 931 H. and Sarah (Sheltus) Moore, natives of Ulster county, N. Y., and to them were born three children : Carrie, Walter R. and Ira. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Hornbrook. Mr. Jones is also a member of G. A. R., Watkins Post, No. 68, Towanda, and is officer of the guard; is a member of the I. O. O. F., Valley Lodge, No. 446, and is a Republican. WILLIAM HENRY JONES, miller, Pike township, P. O. Stevens ville, was born in Middletown, Susquehanna Co., Pa, a son of William E. and Betsey (Pierce) Jones, natives of Pennsylvania, early settlers in this county. In their family there were nine children, of whom our subject is the fourth. He spent his boyhood attending the district school, and assisting his father in his mill, in this way learning the miller's trade. In 1883 he located in his present place of business, where he does a large milling trade; also ships and imports grain and flour. He was married, January 23, 1884, to Ida E., daughter of Shuble W. and Sallie D. (Farr) Garey, and they have one child, Theo. W., born September 23, 1887. Mr. Jones is in sympathy with the Republican partv. CHARLES W. JORALEMON, farmer, P. O. Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Sparta, Sussex Co., N. J., April 12, 1828, and is a son of John and Zuba (DeWitt) Joralemon, who settled in Columbia township, in 1843, locating on the farm now OAvned and occupied by our subject, and a part of which tbey cleared and improved, and died there. Their children were seven, as follows : Margaret (Mrs. Joseph VanKirk), John H., James L., Abram, Charles W., Edward and Joseph. Charles W. was reared in New Jersey, until fifteen years of age, when he removed with his parents to Columbia township, in 1843 ; has always lived on the old homestead since, to which he succeeded upon the death of his father, and which he partially cleared and improved . May 4, 1851, he married Lydia, daughter of George and Leefe (Ken nedy) Wolfe, and granddaughter of Michael and Elizabeth (Furman) Wolfe, Avho settled in Columbia township. This union has been blessed with three children : Edward, Hosea, and Leitha (Mrs. Stephen Budd). Mr. Joralemon is one of the prominent farmers and citizens of Columbia township ; in politics he is a Democrat. JOSEPH JORALEMON, Troy, was born in Sparta, Sussex Co., N. J., in the year 1834, and is a son of John and Zuba (DeWitt) Joral emon. In 1843 he moved Avith his parents to Columbia township, this county. In 1859 he married Melissa Hall, and settled in Troy, where he kept a meat-market for a number of years, and during the war Avas proprietor of the "Bradford House," and at the same time had a contract with the Government to feed the invalid corps and drafted men. In 1864 he kept a clothing store at Troy, and from 1865 until 1871 Avas extensively engaged in lumbering in Orange county, N. Y., but at the latter date he returned to Troy Avith his family, which con sisted of a wife and three children, namely: Mertin E., Lillian (Mrs. Dr. P. N. Barker) and Effie. Since 1871 he has been in the meat and oyster business in Troy, with the exception of 1876. when he kept a boarding house in Philadelphia. 932 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. H. D. JUMP, druggist, Sayre. is a native of Franklin, N. Y., and is a son of Willard and Mary (Howe) Jump, natives of New York, the former of whom, a farmer, died in Jefferson, Schoharie Co., N. Y., in 1865, in his thirty-second year. The mother survives, and resides in Sayre. The subject of this biographical memoir completed his educa tion in the Delaware Literary Institute; then served an apprenticeship at the drug trade, in Franklin, N. Y., Avhere he clerked six years. In the spring of 1886„ he came to Sayre, and engaged in the drug business in the Wilber House block, where he carries a large and fancy stock of drugs, school-books, and stationery. He is a member of the Iron Hall, Sexennial League, and Fraternal Guardian, and is a Republican in his political preferments. PATRICK KANE, farmer, Standing Stone township, P. O. Rum merfield, Avas born in Londonderry, Ireland, November 16, 1827. His father, Hugh Kane, was born in the same place, a son ,of Owen Kane. Hugh Kane married Margaret McCloskey, and had six children, all of whom came to this country: John; Annie, wife of Augustus Con nelly; Patrick; Katie, Avife of Frederick Mall; Michael, Henry, and Mary, Avife of Patrick Hart. Hugh Kane died in 1858, and his wife in 1873. Patrick, the subject of this sketch, first stopped at Philadel phia, and went from there to Schuylkill county, where he remained until 1857, and then to Luzerne county, where he remained until 1867, during Avhich time he was coal mining. He then came to Standing Stone, and began farming, and has followed it successfully ever since. In 1869 he purchased, from Henry Noble, 116 acres, and now has over 300 acres, all finely improved. He married, December 25, 18 — , Bridget, daughter of James and Ella (McLoughlin) Kane, and had nine chil dren, as follows: Unity M., born September 27, 1856 ; Maggie A., born April 6, 1858, married to James Moan ; Ella, born August 13, 1861, wife of John Myers; Bridget, born in February, 1864, died in 1867; Agnes, born in August, 1866, died in 1867 ; Patrick J., born April 30, 1866; Michael Henry, born June 4, 1868; James Christopher, born December 14, 1870, and Charles Francis, born March 20, 1874, and died August 24, 1886. Mr. and Mrs. Kane and family attend the Catholic Church ; Mr. Kane and his brother Michael served thirty days in Company D, Eighth Regiment Pennsylvania Militia. ALANSON LAFAYETTE KEELER, telegrapher. Standing Stone, Avas born in Wyalusing township, August 11, 1860. His father, Edwin Keeler, was a native of Connecticut, born November 5, 1824; he came to this State in his sixth year, with his mother and two elder brothers, Lafayette and William; he attended the district school, and learned cabinet-making, and followed this until his death, which occurred December 5, 1888. He married Ella Sill, a daughter of William and Mary (Butler) Keeler, natives of Connecticut, and they had six chil dren : Amelia, wife of William Brown ; Lydia; Helen, wife of John McDonald ; George William; Louisa and Alanson Lafayette ; the mother died in 1862, and grandmother Keeler in 1867. Alanson Lafayette Keeler attended the public school until his twentieth year, and in his twenty-second year began an apprenticeship to his present buskiess, and became thoroughly proficient therein; he then was HISTORY OF BRADFORD OOUNTY. 933 employed by the Lehigh Valley Railroad as night telegraph operator, AvhiolTposition he held until Maroh 1, 1890, Avhen he was transferred to his present position, as day operator. He Avas assistant postmaster at Standing Stone four years ; is a member of the Patriotic Order Sons of Amerioa; his politics are Democratic. He married, February 27, 18S7, Mrs. Libbie Holman, widoAv of O. P. Ilolman, and daughter of J. J. and Lodema (Birdsall) Slyder. She died July 9, 1889, leaving one child, Cora Holman, Avho Avas born April 28, 1876. EZRA P. KEELER, farmer, Pike township, P. O. Le Raysville, Avas born in Brookfield, Conn., April 5, 1838, and is the fourth child of Barrett B. and Cynthia (Whitlook) Keeler, avIio came to Bradford county in 1845, and looated on a farm in Litchfield township. Ezra assisted his father in clearing up a farm of 100 acres, and attended the distriot school until his fifteenth year. At the age of eighteen he began life for himself, Avorking on a farm in Pike township; from 1859 to 1864 he Avorked at the harness-maker's trade Avith G. N. DeWolf, at Brushville. On September 19, 1864, he enlisted, at OAvego, N. Y., in the Fiftieth Noav York Engineers, and Avent to City Point, Avhere he was transferred to Company M, Fifteenth NeAV York Engineers ; he Avas discharged at Fort Berry, Va., June 13, 1865, and mustered out at Elmira, N. Y. He then returned to Brushville, where he lived three years, and during the next four years he resided on a farm in Orwell" toAvnship; then purchased his present home. Besides attending to his farm Mr. Keeler has Avorked at his trade of harness- making. He was married, March 25, 1856, to Martha I., daughter of Piatt and Lydia (Chapel) Wood, and they have had three children, of whom Newell O, the onlv survivcr, is a farmer near Binghamton, N. Y. Mr. and Mrs. Keeler are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at LeRaysville; he is a charter member of Spalding Post, No. 33, G. A. R., and in politics he is a Republican. JOHN G. KEELER, mechanic, was born in Wyalusing, April 12, 1834, and is a son of John and Elizabeth (Gregory) Keeler, of Litchfield county, Conn. His father was a mechanic, and came to this county in 1812, and manufactured the first sash and doors in this part of the county. He built a second factory at Keelerville, in 1836, where he remained until his death in 1876. Of their family of eight children six reached maturity: Henry, a lieutenant in Company B, One Hun dred and Forty-First Regiment, P. V. I. (is now an attorney at Topeka, Kans.); Charles, a sergeant in Company K, Fiftieth Regiment, P. V. I., served nearly two years, and died one year after his discharge of injuries received while in service ; Elisha S., served nearly two years at the close of the war, having enlisted at the age of sixteen in Com pany A, One Hundred and Forty-First Regiment, P. V. I, now living in Topeka, Kans., a manufacturer of farming tools; Eliza, married to L. B. Siivara, farmer, of Tuscarora, Pa.; Adelia, married to C. B. Hollen back, and now resides in Wyalusing borough, and John G., the eldest of the family, avIio passed his boyhood in this township, and received his education in the common schools and Wyoming Seminary. After completing his education he adopted his father's business and followed it several yeare; then came to the village of Wyalusing and engaged 51 934 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in the drug business, which he sold to I. M. Aliis in 1872, and in 1878 opened a Yankee notion store, which he continued until the spring of 1885, when he was appointed postmaster, and served four years. In 1856, he married Mary S., a daughter of Elias Vaughan, Sr., of Wya lusing township, and has a family of three children: John V., the eldest, graduated from Lafayette College in the class of 1884, taking the degrees of A. M. and A. B., and is now principal of the LeRays ville Academy, Avhich position he has filled for the past five years ; S. Elizabeth (deceased), married to C. P.Wagner, of Wysox, Pa., and left one daughter, Iona, who now lives with her grandparents; and John G., who enlisted twice in the State militia, during the war, Avhen the State was imTaded by the Confederates. He is a prominent Free mason and a Sir Knight. In his political views he is a Democrat, and has held the various township and borough offices: is now a member of the borough council. JOHN A. KEEN, farmer, P. 0. Rummerfield Creek, is one of the leading and influential citizens of Bradford county, and in his social and home life is regarded by all as a most valuable citizen. By the congrega tion of the Keen Summit Church he is regarded as the foster father of that organization, and its fine church building and present prosperous congregation, as is well indicated by the corporate name of the insti tution, toward the building up of which he is the leading spirit. He was born in Sussex county, N. J., January 30, 1820, and is a son of William Keen, a native of New Jersey, born in 1792, and a grandson of John Keen, of German descent, Avho had five children by his first wife : Peter, Abraham, George. Mary (wife of Richard Stull), and Lizzie (wife of George Emory); by his second Avife, Rose, he had four children : William, Isaac, Aaron and Nancy. William Keen came to this State in 1847, bringing Avith him his wife, nee Elizabeth Huff, daughter of Peter Huff ; they had a family of eight children : John A., Sarah Anne (wife of James Crawn), Joseph, Aaron, Polly, Theoph- ilus, Peter, and Mary (wife of Sterling Dixon). William Keen died in September, 1880, and his Avife in 1882. ' John A. Keen attended the district school until his twentieth year, then worked on a farm. Coming to this county, in 1847, on a prospecting trip, he found employment in a lumber camp two years. In the latter part of 1847 he purchased the settler's claim of'E. R. Myer, and perfected the title by purchasing the land of Michael Meylert (about 147 acres), and has added to this more or less acres uearly every year since ; has built his residence and farm buildings, and made all general improvements, having now one of the best farms in the countv. He is to-day a fine sample of what an American boy, full of energy, honesty and hope can do for himself in this favored land. He mar ried, in 1851, Sarah, daughter of Theodore and Maria (Crawn) Daugh erty, natives of New Jersey. To John A. and Sarah Keen have been born fourteen children, of Avhom those now living are Aaron, Henri etta, John, Ada, Edie, Julia, Ella and Emma — a large family, but of that kind for which this world will always have plenty of room. ROBERT KEEN, farmer, Towanda township, P. (). Towanda, was born October 19, 1844, and is a son of Andrew and Mary (Auble) HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 935 Keen, natives of New Jersey, Avhose ancestors Avere of German extrac tion. Robert Keen is the fourth of a family of seven — one daughter and six sons — all of whom, excepting the daughter, are living. Mr. Keen was united in matrimony, November 17,1866, to Abbie O, daughter of Henry and Laura L. (OA^erton) Donley, natives of this State; she Avas born March 25, 1846, the eighth in a family of ten children — six girls and four boys — and is a native of this county. There have been born to them four children, as follows: Ella, wife of Edward Barnes, son of William Barnes ; Miles, Nora and Oakley. Mr. Keen has had his own way to make in the world, and by his persever ance and industry is now the owner of a well-improved farm in North Towanda, where he resides, in. a very picturesque locality. He is one of the leading farmers in the vicinity, having combined the raising of tobacco Avith general farming and stock-raising. He is an active member of the I. O. 0. F., and has taken a great interest in the public schools, having served nine years as school director. He is a Demo crat in politics, and a man of good moral principals and much respected by the community; he came from Sussex county, N. J., about thirty-three years ago, to Standing Stone, and soon after located where he now lives. Mrs. Keen is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Towanda, and has taken an active interest in the Sunday-school. AUGUSTUS G. KELLEY, farmer, P. O. LeRoy, was born in Mid dletown, Delaware Co., N. Y., a son of Edmund and Salina (Stephens) Kelley, the former born in Albany county, N..Y., the latter in Dela ware county, N. Y. Edmund Kelley is the son of Edmund Kelley who was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., and served in the Revolutionary War a term of three and one- half years; after his discharge from Washington's army he was in the War of 1812, when again, though advanced in years, the old soldier met the enemy of his country. Edmund Kelley, Jr.,- removed from Dekware county to LeRoy toAvn- ship in 1847, and took up a tract of land of 300 acres; he is now living, at the age of eighty-eight, able to chop his own wood, and make his own garden ; his family consists of ten children, all of whom are now living. Augustus G. Avas reared and educated in Delaware county, N. Y., until his thirteenth year, when he remoA'ed with his father to this county. At the age of twenty, May 21, 1854, he married Dillie, daughterof H. K. and Sallie Holcomb, of LeRoy. Mrs. Kelley is a granddaughter of Alpheus Holcomb, one of the first settlers of LeRoy township. To them Avere born two children : the elder, Eugene, was born in October, 18 — , married to Laura, daughter of Hoyt and Mary Ann Chaapel, and has tAvo children; the younger, George, was born May 16, 18 — . Mr. Kelley is an enterprising farmer, having cleared and improved 200 acres of land ; he OAvns about four hundred acres in this county, and almost the same in Cameron county, Pa., all of which he accumulated by his own industry; he is also an extensive stock-raiser and speculator; is Independent in politics. CURTIS KELLEY, farmer, P. O. LeRoy, was born in LeRoy town ship, this county, August 4, 1849, a son of Edmund and Salina (Stephens) Kelley, the former a native of Albany county, N. Y., the latter of 936 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. DelaAvare county, N. Y. The_ father is the son of Edmund Kelley, of Revolutionary fame, and who afterward fought in the War of 1812. Edmund Kelley, Jr., removed from Delaware county, N. Y., to LeRoy, settling on a tract of land of 300 acres, Avhere he engaged in farming and lumbering; he is now living, at the age of eighty-eight, and able to do his own gardening ; his family consists of ten children — eight sons and two daughters- — all of whom grew to maturity, and are now living, seven in this county. The subject of this memoir is the seventh in the family, and Avas reared and educated in the town of LeRoy, confining himself to farming and lumbering. At the age of twenty-three he married Arsula, daughter of Frederick and Lucy Smith, natives of this county ; Mr. Smith was a blacksmith, and died while in the army. To Mr. and Mrs. Kelley were born three daughters : Amy, born in July, 1874; Edith, born in November, 1876, and Matie, born in 1883. Mr. Kelley is an extensive farmer, confining his business to stock-raising and butter-making. Politically he is Democratic. C. A. KELLEY, farmer, P. O. LeRoy, Avas born in LeRoy, Septem ber 24, 1841, a son of John and Abigail (Burroughs) Kelley, both of whom were born in the town of Roxburg, DelaAvare Co., N. Y., the former being a son of Edmund Kellev, a Revolutionary soldier. John Kelley removed to LeRoy about 1838, and engaged in farming ; his family consisted of six children — four sons and two daughters— all of whom grew to maturity. The subject, of this memoir, who is the sixth in the family, was reared in LeRoy, and educated at the common schools. He married Lydia S., daughter of J. G. and Salome Ham mond, of LeRoy, and to them were born three children, as follows : Judson, born January 15,1871; Florence, born June 20,1873; and Fanny, born November 7, 1876, all of whom are living and unmarried at this date. In early life Mr. Kelley was somewhat engaged in lum bering; also kept a store at LeRoy Corners. His farm consists of 250 acres of land, well adapted to general farming. He serA'ed his country by paying $700 for a substitute. He is a member of the Baptist Church ; in politics he is an Independent. CHARLES KELLOGG, mechanical engineer, Athens, is a native of Montgomery county, N. Y., born July 12, 1836, a son of William and A. M. (Lovell) Kellogg, the former a native of Connecticut, and the latter of Dutchess county, N. Y. William Kellogg was a general mechanic and bridge builder, and for some years resided in Easton, Pa., where he died in his seventieth year in 1883; his Avife, and mother of his children, had died in the same place six years previously, 1877, in her sixty -first year. The Kelloggs are of the good old Revolutionary stock. The paternal great-grandfather of the gentleman whose name heads this article, was a soldier in the line under Washington. William Kellogg had a family of four children, of Avhom Charles is the third in the order of birth. The subject greAv to manhood in his father's home and learned the lesson of an honest mechanic's son at his father's trade, and gave the usual attendance upon the neighborhood schools in the vicinity; and by the time he had attained his majority he was a fairly skilled mechanic, millwright and bridge builder. His father's family removed from Albany to Easton in 1857, and in 1862 the young man HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 937 embarked in business for himself, contracting and bridge building, and was thus engaged in Easton until 1869, when he changed his residence to Athens, his present home. Here he started, without capital, his little shop, in March, 1869, that is now the great and world-wide Union Bridge Company, but at first was known as the Athens Bridge Works. In 1884 he sold his interests here in the Bridge Works, and in 1889 organized the Elmira Bridge Company, and he is the present head of the concern, Avhich employs in the shops over two hundred men. Charles Kellogg and Anna A. Pike Avere united in marriage, in 1867, in the borough of Athens ; she is the daughter of John M. and M. S. (Lockwood) Pike, of the city of New York and Bradford county, respectively; there Avere three children in this family who grew to maturity, of whom she is the third, and was born in Ulster township, this county, in June, 1842. Of this union there are tAvo children : Clara A. and Charles F. Kellogg. This is one of the pleasant and prominent families in the social circles of Athens. Mr. Kellogg is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, also a member of the Amrican Society of Civil Engineers and the American Geographical Society. In political matters he affiliates with the Republican party, but is not a politician, rather giving his time and attention to his business, and the claims of his little family circle. MYRON KELLOGG, farmer, of Asylum township, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born in Monroe township, this county, March 19, 1825, and' is a son of Moses and Mehetabel (Mason) Kellogg. The Kellogg family in America date back to three Scotch brothers, who removed to Massachusetts at a very early day. Amasa, a descendant of one of the brothers, and the grandfather of Myron, came to Monroe town ship in 1813, to act as deputy for Abner C. Rockwell, then sheriff of the county ; he was in the War of 1812. In the family of Moses Kel logg there Avere eleven children, eight yet living, of whom Myron is the eldest: Our subject was reared, on the farm, educated in the common school, and began life for himself at tAventy-one, lumbering and farm ing on a part of the old homestead ; he purchased his present home in 1864, where he has since given his undivided attention to the cultiva tion of the soil. He was married, October 28, 1850, to Miss Lydia McMichen, of ToAvanda, by whom he had four children : Amanda E. (born November 10, 1851, married to Edward Shepherd, of Terrytown); John Myron (born October 21, 1860, a civil engineer of Baltimore, Md.), and two who died in infancy. Mrs. Kellogg died June 5, 1863, and Mr. Kellogg was married, February 28, 1864, to Mrs. Charles Atnot, formerly Miss Rebecca M. VanGorder, daughter of T. M. and Julia A. (Overton) VanGorder, of Asylum. Mr. Kellogg was for merly a Whig, and is now a Republican; has been road commissioner, school director and collector of taxes. EPHRAIM B. KENDALL, farmer, Granville township, P. O. Le Roy, Avas born in Tompkins county, N. Y., December 13, 1844, a son of Sylvester and Emily (Gray) Kendall, who settled in Granville, in 1853, Avhere the father purchased the farm now owned by Horace Welch, and lived there until 1868, when he removed to East Troy, this county, where he now resides; he had a family of five children : Ephraim B., 938 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Horatio, Joseph, Lawrence and Orange. The three eldest of these were soldiers in the Civil War, Horatio dying while in the service. Our subject enlisted, September 15, 1864, in Company K, Second New- York Cavalry, and was in the following battles : Cedar Run, Five Forks, and some minor engagements. After nine months' service he was honorably discharged, and since the war he has resided in Gran ville township, and engaged in farming. In 1876, he married Sarah, daughter of Silas Mallory, of Chemung county, N. Y. Mr. Kendall is an enterprising citizen of Granville ; in politics he is a Republican. J. W. KENDALL, dealer in musical instruments, Athens, is a native of East Burlington, this county, and was born February 7, 1864, a son of Lawrence W. (a farmer) and Jane (Burns) Kendall, natives of this county. He is the youngest in a family of five children, and was reared on a farm, receiving a common-school education. He served an apprenticeship of four years, at the cabinet-maker's trade, and came to Athens in September, 1888, commencing business where he is located at the present time. He Avas married in Rome, N. Y., October 20, 1885, to Miss Lizzie, daughter of George and Anna (Mar tin) Neiss, natives of Germany (she is the youngest in a family of seven children, and was born in Rome, Oneida Co., N. Y., November 23, 1864). They are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and Mr. Kendall is a member of the Iron Hall, Golden Cycle and I. O. O. F.; politically he is a Democrat. ROBERT C. KENDALL, Troy, Avas born in what is now North Towanda toAvnship, this county, December 12, 1836, and is a son of William V. and Sarah M. (Cash) Kendall. His father was a native of NorAvich, England, a son of William Kendall, and in early manhood came to America and settled in Bradford county, Pa ; about 1833 he married a daughter of Isaac Cash, a pioneer of Sheshequin township; the issue of this union was four children : W. Cash, Robert O, Charles F. and George V.; for some years Mr. Kendall was associated with his brother John in the hotel business at Athens, this county; in 1848 he located in Troy, where he resided until his death in 1868 ; he was for a number of years a justice of the peace of Troy, and held the office at the time of his death. Robert C. Kendall, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Troy from twelve years of age, received a com mon-school education, studied dentistry with Dr. A. M. Dartt, of Troy, later with N. W. Kingsley, and at Auburn, N. Y., with George W. Tripp ; he began the practice of his profession in Troy in 1859, where, with the exception of two years, he has been in active prac tice since. In 1863 he married Sarah, daughter of Thomas and Polly (Wilbur) Baldwin, of Troy, and has one daughter, Anna W. Mr. Kendall is a prominent member of the Masonic Fraternity; a charter member of Troy Chapter, No. 261, and past master of Blue Lodge ; in politics he is a Democrat. JAMES KERWIN, of the firm of Kerwin Brothers, liverymen, Towanda, Avas born in Towanda in 1848. a son of John and Julia (Blake) Kerwin, natives of County Tipperary, Ireland, who came to America about 1847. The father has been engaged in farming many years, and has resided continuously in ToAvanda since 1859 ; he was twice married : HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 939 his first wife was Julia Blake, by whom he had five children, viz.: Ellen (Mrs. Charles Huffner), James, William, Kate (Mrs. Simon Cullnan), and Mary (Mrs. John Cullnan); his second wife was Bridget Butler, by Avhom he had six ohildren, viz.: John, Daniel, Joseph, Thomas, Bridget and Agatha. James Kerwin was reared in Towanda, Avhere he received a public-school education. For the past ten years he has been engaged in the livery business in Towanda, Avith his brother William, under the firm name of Kirwin Brothers. In 1874 he married Mar garet, daughter of James and Lizzie (McGuone) Carron, of Seneca county, N. Y., and has eight children: John F., Lizzie M., Julia V., Annie, Mary M., James Edward, Genevieve and Bernard. Mr. Kerwin is a member of the Catholic Church, and in politics is a Democrat. C. F. KIERSTED, physician, Gillett, was born in Fallsburg, Sullivan Co., N. Y., September 23, 1844, a son of J. L. and Abigail (Kniffin) Kiersted, the former of whom was born in 1806, in Phila delphia, of German descent, and was a pioneer of Sullivan county ; the latter was born in New York. J. L. Kiersted Avas a mechanic as well as a farmer ; during the War of 1812 he used to go with his uncle, II. T. Kiersted (who adopted him and who was a general in the army of that day) to see the soldiers drill. He had a family of nine children, six of whom grew to maturity, and five are now living. Our subject, who is the fourth in the family, Avas reared, and educated at the com mon school, in Sullivan county; he studied medicine under Dr. Allen, of Broome county, N. Y., and was graduated from the Geneva Medical College. He began his medical profession in South Creek (Gillett), this county, in 1872, and has built up a large practice by his superior skill, and attention to his business, and has thereby accumulated quite a large property for his age and years of practice. In October, 1874, he mar ried S. Elizabeth, daughter of Martin M. and Clarissa W. Carr, of Wells township. The Doctor and his wife are very fond of flowers and house plants, well understanding their wants, and have the largest oleander in the county, 'measuring ten feet in heighth and five feet in width of branches, stem tAvo and one half in diameter. Dr. Kiersted is a member of the Golden Cycle and K. of H.; politically he is a Republican. CAPTAIN GEORGE W. KILMER, farmer, P. O. Towanda, was born in the town of Asylum, this county, February 2, 1842, and is a son of Joshua and Margaret (Dings) Kilmer, natives of Schoharie county, N. Y., born of Dutch extraction, and who came to this county in 1840, locating in Asylum. Capt. Kilmer was reared on his father's farm, the one now owned by Joel Stevens, and educated in the schools of the town, and at the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda. He taught school a short time, and when nineteen years of age he enlisted in Company C, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., went to the front, and was soon elected sergeant ; also, for distinguished brav ery in many battles, he was commissioned first lieutenant, and soon thereafter Avas promoted to a captaincy, being the youngest officer in his regiment ; he was wounded at the battle of Morris' Farm, in Vir ginia, was taken prisoner and sent to Libby prison, but returned home at the close of the war. Capt. Kilmer was united in marriage, Octo ber 11, 1865, with Helen A. Noble, who was born March 12, 1840, a 940 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. daughter of Levi and Diana (Clough) Noble, natives of Broome county, N. Y., and there have been born to them two children, as follows: J. Noble, born April 22, 1868, married to Tillie DeLong; and J. Marion, born March 18, 1880. Capt. Kilmer is a member of the G. A. R. Post, is president of the Farmers' Alliance Lodge, and in politics is a Republican. In 1875 he was elected county commis sioner, and has since been frequently honored with positions of public trust, having always proved an efficient and popular officer, one of pleasing and commanding address, and one of the county's most worthy citizens. The family are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Mr. Kilmer has been a steward twenty -five years. He has a fine farm of nearly two hundred acres, highly im proved and successfully operated. WILLIAM H. KING, farmer, Wysox township, P. O. Wysox, was born in Orange county, N. Y., December 27, 1836, a son of Gabriel and Sarah (Bull) King, natives of New York, the former of French and the latter of German and Irish descent. In his father's family there were nine children, of whom our subject is the eldest; he located on his present home in 1866, and has given his attention chiefly to farming. He married, December 5, 1866, Emma E., daughter of Jackson and Elizabeth (Olendoofe) Poole, natives of New York, and of Holland and German lineage, respectively. They have had five children born unto them, as follows : Elizabeth, born September 5, 1867, and died May 31, 1869; Edith A., born October 4, 1870, mar ried to L. D. Green, farmer and carpenter, Wysox, and has one child, Carrie O., born August 16, 1889; George H., born September 3, 1872, died February 15, 1874; Abel S., born May 28, 1875, and Robert L., born June 11, 1887. Mr. King is a stanch Democrat, and has held the offices of school director, commissioner and assessor. L. S. KINGSBURY, farmer, Sheshequin, is the son of Col. Joseph Kingsbury, a surveyor, Avho was born in Enfield, Conn.^ in 1774, who came to this county Avhen nineteen years old, his baggage in a hand kerchief, and made his home with Gen. Simon Spalding, and surveyed and plotted nearly all the land of this and adjoining counties. Joseph Kingsbury married Miss Spalding, a daughter of Gen. Spalding, and died January 22, 1849, leaving ten children — five boys and five girls — who grew to maturity, as follows: Polly, married to Allen Smith; Almira, married to Charles Comstock; Byron, married to Wealthy Ann Gore; Burton, married to Rowena Scott; Eliza, married to Ira H. Stevens ; Henry, married to Matilda Clisba ; Joseph, married to Matilda Mix; Marion, married to George Sanderson; Helen, mar ried toM. C. Mercur; and L. S. Kingbury. The first house built in the township Avas on the farm now owned by Mr. Kingsbury, a log house built by Gen. Spalding in 1783, on the banks of a little run a short dis tance from the river. L. S.Kingsbury grew to man hood onhis father's farm in Sheshequin, and attended school at the academy of Athens and Towanda, gaining a good education. When seventeen years old he commenced life for himself, working his father's farm, and has con trolled the homestead since. In 1866 he purchased a stable in Towanda, and was proprietor of that for nearly twenty years. In 1884 and 1885, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 941 he was at Athens engaged in training trotting horses for the track, and among others was W. M. Mallory, that sold for $10,500 ; he is the owner of G. D. S. that has a record of 2.29J. The old homestead contains 180 acres, one half of which is bottom land. He was married February 28, 1844, to Sarah, daughter of William and Jennie Myers Osborn, natives of Orange county, N. Y. ; their family consisted of three daughters: Alice, married to O. D. Kinney, and died Avithout issue; Gracie G., married to John Childs, also died childless; and Myra, who is an Universalist minister of note of Morrisville, Vt. The family are Universalists. Mr. Kingsbury is a member of the I. O. O. F., Valley Lodge, No. 644, and has passed all the chairs ; and in politics he is a Republican. J. C. KINGSLAND, blacksmith, Gillett, was born in Windham township, this county, July 1, 1854. He was reared and educated in Windham and Sheshequin townships, and when nineteen years old commenced to serve an apprenticeship of nearly three years to W. M. Segar, as blacksmith and horse-shoer, semng additional time in another shop where he completed the rudiments of his trade. He is the son of John and Elmira (Elsbree) Kingsland, former of whom is a native of NeAV York City, a stone-cutter by trade, Avho removed to this county about the year 1840, the latter, a native of Windham, Bradford Co., Pa., a daughter of Joseph Elsbree, who came from the East in the early settlement of the county ; she was a near relative of William Mackey, of Revolutionary fame. To them were born three children, all of whom are living, prosperous and enterprising, our subject being the second in order of birth. J. C. Kingsland first opened a shop for himself in Fassett, near the State line, where he spent thirteen years of his best days, in building up a trade both extensive and lucrative. He is a practical horse-shoer, and has made the anatomy of that animal, especially the foot, a study; he can name all the parts in relation of the one to the other ; demonstrate the shoe as adapted to the various forms of particular hoofs, also the peculiar gait or habit of the horse while on the road, and the advantages of one kind of shoe over the other; he manufactures 213 different kinds of practical shoes, and treats to some extent the diseases of the foot ; he has samples of shoes showing the ATarious kinds in use and their purpose, also dis playing his great skill in their construction. Owing to failing health Mr. Kingsland contemplates converting his shop into a lecture room, and, as lecturer, his subject will be the horse — his habits, tempera ment, how to handle, and especially how to properly shoe him. Mr. Kingsland removed from Fassett to Gillett in 1886, where he had married, in 1877, Miss Mary E., daughter of John and Esther Darmstead, of Steuben county, N. Y. Six children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Kingsland, named as follows: George A., Lela (deceased), Clara, Roxanna, Edna and Helen." G. A. KINNEY, of the firm of Fitch & Kinney, dealers in hard ware, Athens, is a native of Steuben county, N. Y., born March 23, 1843, a son of C. D. and Eliza '(Northrup) Kinney, natives of New York. The father, who was a minister of the Christain Church, died in Lawrenceville, Tioga Co., Pa., in 1878 ; the mother died in Osceola, 942 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Pa., in 1884. G. A. Kinney is the eldest in a family of three children. Upon completing his studies at the public schools, he attended the State Normal School at Mansfield, Pa., about one year; then taught school three years, and clerked in a hardware store about one year ; then embarked in the hardware business at Osceola, Pa., Avhence, after eighteen months, he removed to Covington, Pa., remaining there about two years, when he removed to Athens, in the spring of 1870, and engaged in the hard ware trade with Mr. Eitch. In connection with their extensive hardware establishment the firm have a tinning and plumb ing department, and they also do a large business in steam and hot- air heaters, for public and private buildings. During his early life Mr. Kinney had to depend on his own resources. He Avas married, in Athens, June 7, 1876, to Miss Laura, daughter of J. M. and Juliett (Camp) Ely, the former a native of Springfield, the latter of Owego, N. Y. She Avas the youngest in a family of five children that grew to maturity, born in New York City, in 1848, and died in Athens, in 1879 ; she was a consistent member of the Presbyterian Church. By this union was one son, Ely M. Mr. Kinney was married, the second time, September 24, 1885, to Miss Juliett Ely, a native of NeAV York City, born in 1846. Mr. and Mrs. Kinney are members of the Presby terian Church, in which he holds the office of deacon. He is a mem ber of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity, Lodge, No. 70, also the Knights of Honor. He is a Republican, and served one term in the council; in 1888 he was elected burgess, and has been re-elected twice. JAMES KINNEY, wholesale liquor dealer, Towanda, was born in County Mayo, Ireland, June 29, 1848, and was reared in his native country until fifteen years of age, when he came to America (in 1863) and in 1865 settled in Barclay, this county, where he engaged in min ing, which he followed for twenty-four years. In the spring of 1889 he settled in Towanda, where he has since been successfully engaged in the wholesale liquor trade. In 1865 Mr. Kinney married Margaret, daughter of John and Catherine (Haley) Fraine, of Mayo, Ireland. Mrs. Kinney died March 31, 1889, leaving seven children, viz.: Michael, Kate, John, Margaret, James, Thomas, and Mary A. Mr. Kinney is a member of the Catholic Church, and his loyalty to the Democratic party is unquestionable. JOHN D. KINNEY, merchant, Warren, Avas born in Warren town ship, this county, September 20, 1840 ; a son of William and Harriet (Gray) Kinney. His father, a native of Massachusetts, was born in 1791 of Scotch-Irish extraction. He was twice married, the first time to Polly Severin, a native of Vermont ; they came to Pennsylvania in 1832, and settled in Warren township, this county ; she died in 1838 leaving three children, viz.: John, who was killed by a falling tree, same year his mother died; William, who married Jane James, and died in 1870; Polly (Mrs. Albert Tyrell), who died in 1849. His second wife was Harriet Gray, to whom" he was married in 1839, and by her had two children : John D., who is the subject of this sketch, and Sarah (Mrs. Caleb Allew) who died in 1873'. William Kinney, the father, who was a farmer and shoemaker, died in 1869, his widow surviving him. John D. Kinney was reared an industrious and frugal farmer's HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 943 boy, having had but moderate school advantages, and soon after his majority he engaged in merchandising, which he has always followed successfully, and from the smallest beginnings now has an extensive and profitable establishment. He enjoys an extensive trade, and has a branch store at Birchardsville, and is proprietor of an excellent farm of 300 acres, highly improA'ed and thoroughly cultivated. He was married in Warren township, in 1867, to Amy A., daughter of Orville and Amy A. (Lyon) Chaffee, natives of Rhode Island, of Eng lish origin ; her father was born in 1802, her mother in 1809, and they were married in 1828, and at once came to Warren township, this oounty; Mr. Chaffee died in 1887; his wife died in 1879; they had nine children of whom Mrs. Kinney is the eighth, and had lost two. Mr. and Mrs. John D. Kinney have had three children as follows: Viola, born. November 27, 1870 ; Bradley R., born March 21, 1873, and Dudley D., born September 11, 1875. DR. HIRAM T. KINSMAN, physician, Smithfield township, P. O. East Smithfield, born in Chemung county, N. Y., April 6, 1841, is a son of George and Mary (Eaton) Kinsman, natives of Vermont. They came to this county in early life, and settled in the wilderness ; then after several years moved to New York State, where our subject was born. His grandfather, Kinsman, Avas a Revolutionary soldier, all of whose sons were in the War of 1812. The Doctor was reared on the farm, educated in the schools of his native town, and was graduated, March 28, 1887, at the Bennett Medical College, Chicago. He first practiced at VanEttenville, N. Y., came to this county, in 1874, and commenced the practice of his profession in Athens township: He has been at East Smithfield eight years, where he has an extensive practice. Dr. Kinsman is the youngest of a family of tAvelve children; one brother, Loomis, went through the Mexican War under Gen. Scott. Dr. Kinsman was married, September 18, 1883, to Sibyl N., 'daughter of Hiram and Mahale (Tompkins) Russell, natives of this county (she was born in Rome, February 24, 1854). They haATe one son, Charles M., born July 3, 1884. Mrs. Kinsman's father Avas a soldier in the Mexican War; was in the Civil War from August, 1861, until the close, and was in' thirty-two hard-fought battles. Dr. and Mrs. Kinsman are members of the Disciple Church; he is a Republi can in politics, and a member of the I. O. O. F. W. H. KINTNER, agent for the Lehigh Valley Railroad, Wyalusing, was born in Meshoppen, Wyoming Co., Pa., August 18, 1843, and is a son of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Winans) Kintner, also natives of Pennsylvania. The father was a farmer and spent the larger portion of his life in Mehoopany, where he died in February, 1890, in his sev enty-eighth year; the mother died in 1859, aged forty-nine; they had seven children, viz.: M. S., a merchant miller, of Mehoopany ; Col. J. C. Kintner, one of the best-known and most prominent of Mehoopany's business men (he enlisted August 30, 1861, in the Fifty-Second Regi ment P. V. I ; was transferred to the Signal Corps in August, 1863, promoted to captain in June, 1864, and was discharged from the United States service, March 4, 1866, having risen from private to colonel; returning home he embarked in mercantile pursuits, and 944 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. became an acknowledged leader in his political party; he was a member of Gov. Hoyt's staff, and deputy revenue collector under E. H. Chase ; was a prominent member of the I. O. 0. F. and G. A. R.; he died March 26, 1886, leaving a void which no other could fill); James M., who was a member of the One Hundred and Forty-Third P. V. I. (was promoted from private to captain ; he resides in Sanborn county, So. Dak., and has been twice elected to the office of recorder of deeds); W. H.; Mary Jane, married to Oliver Easton, a prominent farmer and ex-sheriff of Wyoming county; Sarah E., married to Frank Jennings, of Mehoopany, and E. D., a miller of Mehoopany. W. H. Kintner, the subject of this sketch, passed his boyhood in Mehoopany, and was educated in the schools of that place; when twenty years old he enlisted in the First Division, Battalion Sharp-Shooters, with the First Army Corps, and afterward consolidated with the Fifth Corps, participating in the following engagements : Wilderness, Spottsyl vania, North Anna, Chickahominy, Poplar Grove Church, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Pamunky River, Cold Harbor, Siege of Petersburg and the three fights at Hatcher's Run ; he was with his command from the date of his enlistment until June 12, 1865, when he was dis- discharged Avith his regiment. On his return home he resumed the carpenter's trade, which he had learned prior to his enlistment, and followed same until July 1, 1870, when he was appointed agent for the Lehigh Valley Railroad, at Mehoopany, remaining there eight years, and then came to Wyalusing, to take charge of the railroad interests at that place, where he has since remained ; he has been in the employ of the company tAventy-one years. In 1883 he built his present ele gant residence. He was united in wedlock, December 31, 1863, with Olive G. Ross, a daughter of Benjamin Ross, of Mehoopany, and to them have been born two children : Lottie J. and Fannie C. Mr. Kintner is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is steward of same, and for the past thirteen years has been superintendent of Sab bath-schools ; he is a member of the I. O. O. F., White Lilly Lodge, No. 808, Wyalusing ; has passed all degrees, and has twice filled the position of N. G.; for the past five years he has been treasurer of the Lodge. He is a member of Jackson Post, No. 74, G. A. R., and past commander of the same ; in politics he has always been identified with the Republican party, and-was the first justice of the peace elected in the borough of Wyalusing, which office he still holds, and has also held various offices in the town. He is recognized as one of the lead ers in all matters of reform for the public good ; in society he and his family stand among the foremost. W. M. KINTNER, farmer and stock-grower, of Wyalusing town ship, P. O. Camptown, Avas born in Monroe county, Pa., November 10, 1842, and is a son of Michael and Catherine (Mosier) Kintner, both of whom were born in Monroe county, and were of German origin. His grandfather, Rudolph Kintner, was twice married, having children by both marriages : by the first there Avere three boys, viz.: George, Jonas and Daniel, all deceased; by his second wife there were the follow ing: Rudolph, Conrod, Joseph, Henry, Michael, Delilah, Mary and Elizabeth. Michael was a shoemaker by trade, and also owned and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 945 cultivated a small farm; he lived his entire life in Monroe and Sul livan counties, and had the following children : W. M., the eldest ; Charles, of Sullivan county; Philip, of Stroudsburg; Morris, of Strouds burg ; Mahaley, married to Jacob Mosier, of Monroe county ; Frank deceased), John (deceased), Milo (deceased), and Amanda. W. M. was educated in the common schools of his neighborhood, and Janu ary 24, 1862, enlisted in Company I, Seventy-first P. V. I., and partici pated in the following engagements : Cedar Mountain, Rappahan nock Station, South Mountain, Bull Run and Antietam, at which latter battle he received a shell-wound in the lower portion of his right leg, and was ordered to the hospital, but, instead of going, joined the wagon-train, and drove a team for about two months ; rejoined his company at Petersburg, and was through the siege there. He was discharged March 4, 1865, by expiration of his term of enlistment, and after his return home, located at Pittston, where he engaged in the manufacture of brick for about tAvo years, then returned to Monroe county, and for three years farmed, then in Wyoming four years and Monroe county seven ; he next removed to Bradford county, where he has since resided ; has occupied his present farm of 100 acres of fine land for four years, and has it well stocked. He was united in wed lock March 16, 1865, with Ellen, a daughter of Samuel Walter, of Mon roe county, and their union has been blessed with eight children : Harry (residing at Lime Hill, and married to Alice Rumsey), Clara, Sarah, Joseph, Hattie, George, Samuel and Nellie, Avho, with the exception of the eldest, reside with their parents. Mr. Kintner is a Democrat, and an active worker for his party's interests. He has been a successful farmer, and has ahvays commanded the esteem of all Avho knew him. JOHN W. KLINE, a prominent butcher of Towanda, and whole sale and retail dealer in meats, etc., Avas born in Baden, Germany, February 4, 1840, and is a son of Jacob and Caroline (Geyer) Kline, Avho came to America in 1850, settling in Reading, Pa., where the mother of our subject still resides. John W. Kline received a common-school education in Syracuse, N. Y., where he also served an apprenticeship of three years at the butcher's trade. For sixteen years he worked as a journeyman. He settled in Towanda in 1867, and in 1876 embarked in business for himself: has built upa successful trade, and conducts the largest market in Towanda. He married March 16, 1862, Hannah, daughter of John and Eliza (Dreisbach) Hankey, of Luzerne county, Pa., and has five children, as follows : John W, Jr., Minnie E. (Mrs. A. T. Stark), Jessie M., Frank J. ahd Walter F. During the Civil War Mr. Kline was in the GoATernment employ, as butcher, at Elmira, N. Y. He is a member of the Presby terian Church, and in politics is a Democrat. BENJAMIN F. KNAPP, undertaker, Troy, was born in LeRoy township, this county, March 23, 1833, a son of Amos and Electa (Barnes) Knapp. His paternal grandfather, John Knapp, formerly of Orange county, N. Y., settled near West Franklin, this county, in 1796, and Avas a manufacturer of Avooden mould board plows, Avith one han dle; he spent most of his life in LeRoy township, and was postmaster of LeRoy for some years; he died in Springfield township in 1836. He 946 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. married Eunice Wilcox, by whom he had the f olio Aving children : Samuel, Aaron, Mary (Mrs. Jesse Robart), Eunice (Mrs. Rinearson), Amos, John, Prudy (Mrs. A. Teeter), Betsey (Mrs. Stone), William, Jane (Mrs. B. Elliott) and Mahala (Mrs. T. Beardsley). The father of our subject Avas reared in Susquehanna county, but, after attaining his major ity, spent most of his life in LeRoy and Springfield townships, this county, engaged in farming, and was also a veterinary surgeon ; his Avife Avas a daughter of David Burns, of Susquehanna county, by whom he had thirteen children, tAvelve of whom grew to maturity : Clarissa (Mrs. Jeremiah Baker), Eunice (Mrs. Alvin Bailey), Almira (Mrs. Rufus Millspaugh), Dennis B., Elisha, David, John (chief of police of Elmira for twenty-five years), Amos, Laura (Mrs. George Nichols), Dimmis (Mrs. Addison Grace), Benjamin F. and Martha (Mrs. P. C. Slade). Our subject Avas reared in Springfield township, and educated in the common schools. When twenty-two years of age he settled in Columbia toAvnship, and engaged in farming, and for seven years Avas also engaged in the undertaking business there. In 1877 he located in Troy, where he has since been conducting an undertaking establishment. June 1, 1856, he married Lydia A., daughter of Philip and Laura (Walkins) Slade, of Columbia toAvnship, the latter of whom was the first Avhite child born in that township, a daughter of David Walkins, one of the first settlers. The issue of this union was one daughter, Cora (Mrs. Dr. P. M. Barber, who died leaving one son, Frank SteAvart). Mr. and Mrs. Knapp have also one adopted son, Guy Lewis. Mr. Knapp is a member of theT. O. O. F., which he joined in 1865 ; he served as jury commissioner of Bradford county one term of three years; politically he is a Republican. EDSON R. KNAPP, of Columbia township, farmer, P. O. Aspin wall, was born in Wells township, this county, April 24, 1850, and is a son of John and Maria (Ayres) Knapp, natives of Beaversville, Sussex Co., N. J., who settled in Wells township in 1848. In 1852 they removed to Steuben county, N. Y., and died there ; their children Avere seven, as follows : William, Hannah, Catherine, Edson R., Frank lin P., Charles and Samuel A. Edson R. Avas reared in NeAV Jersey from seven years of age, educated at Newton Seminary, Newton, N. J., and after attaining his majority engaged in farming in Wautaga township, Sussex Co., N. J., until 1870, when he returned to his native town, Wells, this county, and remained there until 1881, when he removed to Columbia township, Avhere he still resides. He married, November 24, 1875, Harriet, daughter of Owen and Amanda (Parcel) Wright, of Columbia township and has fiATe children, viz.: Owen, George P., Lillian. Bertha and Lewis. Mr. Knapp resides on the old homestead, cleared by his wife's father, and originally settled by his grandfather, Thomas Wright. He is a charter member of Pulaski Lodge, I. O. O. F., No. 103, of Deckertown, N. J. In 1889 he was elected assessor of Columbia township for a term of three years ; he is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics is a Republican. ROBERT M. KNAPP, farmer, of Burlington township, P. O. Luther's Mills, was born, August 4, 1824, in Burlington township, this county, on the adjoining farm to where he now resides, a son of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 947 William and Nancy (Smith) Knapp, the former of Avhom was born in Goshen, Orange Co., N. Y., of English origin; when a boy he removed to Bradford county, settling in Ulster township, and worked at farm ing, experiencing all the privations of pioneer life, as most of the county was then a wilderness. In about the year 1827, he settled on the farm where our subject now lives, and died at the age of eighty- four years; his father was a, soldier in the Revolutionary War, and lost his life then. Robert M. Knapp, Avho is the youngest in a family of twelve children, was reared on a farm, and has been a man of great perseverance and integrity. He has accumulated a fine property, and now owns a farm of 150 acres, under a fine state of cultivation. He was married, in September, 1848, to Adelaide Nichols, a sister of James W. Nichols, of Burlington, and there have been born to them five children, three of whom are living, as follows : Maholon, married to Leuretta Bennett ; Earl A., married to Carrie Pelton ; and Lettie, wife of Eugene Decker, of Towanda, a commercial traveler for agricultural implements. ' Mr. Knapp is a Republican in politics, and is considered one of the substantial and representative men of the town. ORRIN A. KNIFFIN, farmer, P. O. East Smithfield, is a son of Andrew and Mary (Wilkinson) Kniffin. Andrew was a native of Rockland county, N. Y., of English descent, Avho came to Bradford in 1819; of his family of seven children, the subject of this sketch was the fifth ; the father had one brother, Benjamin, in the War of 1812. Mr. Kniffin was born in Dutchess county, N. Y., and was of English and German descent. The family lived in this county sixteen years, then moved to Tioga county, Pa., and cleared a large farm. Mr. Kniffin was reared on the farm, and lived in Tioga county, until 1870, then returned to Smithfield, and in 1871 bought the property where he now resides, and which contained 168 acres. His parents came here with them, and the mother died here in 1873; the father died in Maryland, August 28, 1887, while on a visit to his eldest daughter. Orrin A. has a small dairy, and does a general farming business. He married, May 16, 1859, Anna T., daughter of Stephen T. and Johanna V. (Harding) Gladding, of Smithfield, natives of Bristol, R. I. She was born, June 28, 1842, the fourth in a family of five children. Two of her brothers, John G. and Samuel, were in the Civil War, the former of whom died in the service, and the latter was in the One Hundred and Eighty-Seventh Regiment, P. V. I. The Gladding family trace their ancestry directly back eight generations, to a John Gladding, who was born in 1640, and came, to this country in 1660, and lived in the Plymouth colony about tAventy years, but after the King Phillip War removed Avith his family, and assisted in founding the town of Bristol. Mr. and Mrs. Knilfin have had born to them seven children as follows: Josephine A., a teacher, born March 10, 1860, died February 5, 1891 ; Martha E., born August 30, 1861 ; Daniel O., born December 26, 1863, married to Bessie F. Lane; Norman A., born May 31, 1869; Lydia E., born December 7, 1875; Samuel O., born November 17, 1877, and Arthur L., born October 21, 1881. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Kniffin is a Republican in political matters. 948 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. WILLIAM KRAM, farmer, Monroe township, P. O. Towanda, Avas born in Northampton county, Pa., July 21, 1822, and is a son of Jacob and Susan (Frankinfield) Kram, natives of Pennsylvania and of German origin. As soon as he embarked in life for himself he learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed until 1887, Avhen he had the sad misfortune of being struck with total blindness, from which he has been unable to obtain any relief. He came to Bradford county in 1862, and located Avhere Wilson Frutchey now resides. In 1873 he settled on the farm where he now lives. Mr. Kram Avas married, February 10, 1846, to Miss Margaret Fegles, of Muncy, Pa., who died May 9, 1855, and by her he had four children, one of whom is yet living, viz.: Isaiah M., born August 29, 1851, formerly a hardware merchant in Big Rapids, Mich., but now engaged in farming there. Mr. Kram was afterward married, November 17, 1856, to Miss Mary, daughter of David and Susanna (Arndt) Eilenberger, of Monroe county, born of German and Irish lineage. They had born to them six children: Francis H, born in Bloomsburg, Pa., June 20, 1858, a telegraph operator at Tunkhannock (married to Jennie Bard well, daughter of H. W. Bardwell, of Tunkhannock, by whom he has one child, Gertrude, born January 31, 1887); Lina F., born April 7, 1860 (has taught fifteen years in the public schools of Bradford county, and is, unmistakably, one of the most successful teachers in the county, she is at present teaching in the Towanda high school); Susie E., born March 23, 1863, married to Frank H. Sechler, who is engaged in the creamery business in East Bridgewater, Pa.; David A., born April 24, 1866, and died June 16, 1871; Mary H., born August 25, 1868 (taught ten terms in Bradford county), married to Walter H. Scott, who is engaged in farming in Monroe township, and Jessie V., born April 29, 1871 (is also a teacher in Bradford county). Mrs. Kram died April 18, 1891. The family are Methodists and Republicans. JOHN M. KRAMER locomotive engineer, Sayre, is a native of Luzerne county, and was born April 19, 1843. His parents were Albert M. and Caroline M. (Long) Kramer, natives of the same place, the former a machinest and molder, born February 21, 1823, and died in Ulster, November 2, 1882 ; the latter was born October 27, 1817, and died, October 27, 1852. John M. is the eldest of a family of two sons and one daughter; his sister, Mary Jane, was born January 4, 1845, and died July 14, 1885. John came with the family to Towanda, when he was about six years of age, and received his education in the public schools of that place, where he remained until the war broke out, when he enlisted, April 14, 1861 in Company I, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves, under Capt. W. H. H. H. Gore, and took part in tAventy-three regular engagements, and was under fire over three hundred times. Some of the most important engagements he participated in were the battles of second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Antietam, South Mountain, Gettys burg, Wilderness, and was shot through the arm at Spottsylvania, May 10, 1864, and was sent to Satterlee Hospital, West Philadelphia. He rejoined his command in front of Petersburg, and from exposure con tracted gangrene of the Avound, and was sent to Lincoln General Hos pital; Avas mustered out June 28, 1S65, and returned home, and in a HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 949 short time removed to Athens, with his parents, and worked in the machine shops with his father until June, 1866. when he went to work as axeman for the engineer corps of the P. & N. Y. R. R., and was with them until the latter part of 1867, when he was employed on the road as fireman, and Avas promoted to engineer in 1871, and has filled that place since. In Athens, December 25, 1866, he married Kate, daughter of Thomas and Ellen (Foley) O'Connell, natives of County Waterford, Ireland, who came to Athens in 1852. Thomas O'Connell died in Ulster township, November 7, 1881, in his seventy-third year; his widow survives and resides in Athens. Mrs. Kramer is the second in a family of five children, and Avas born in County Waterford, Ireland, August 15, 1849. To Mr. and Mrs. Kramer were born the following children : Caroline E., Anna May, John Thomas,. Theodore (deceased) and Albert Morris. Mrs. Kramer is an exemplary member of the Catholic Church. Mr. Kramer is a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, Sayre Division, No. 380 ; the A. 0. U. W.; Golden Cycle ; G. A. R., Mallory Post, No. 285; the Union Veteran Legion, No. 28, and of the Veteran Union. •G. F. KRISE, insurance agent, Canton, is a native of Liberty, Tioga Co., Pa., and was born September 5, 1852, a son of Charles A. and Christena (Gleckner) Krise, the former a native of Germany and the latter of Tioga county, Pa. Our subject is the eldest in a family of four children. Of his brothers, Albert E. is cashier of the First National Bank, of Frostburg, Md., and William C. is engaged in the grain business at Red Wing, near Minneapolis. Mr. Krise came to Canton with his parents Avhen he was five years of age ; received his education in the borough schools, and learned the saddler's trade of his father, which occupation be followed until 1880, then engaged in the retail coal business, having one yard in Canton, and another in Troy. At the end of three years he sold his business, and accepted the position of general agent for J. Langdon & Co., of Elmira, for their coal on the Northern Central line, a position he still holds. He engaged in the insurance business with his brother Albert E. in the summer of 1888, and in 1890 C. E. Bullock became a partner, under the firm name of Krise & Bullock. In Canton, in 1877, Mr. Krise mar ried H. M., daughter of James L. and Sally (Warren) Bothwell, na tives of this county. James Bothwell is engaged in the insurance and coal business at Troy, Pa. Mrs. Krise is the elder of tAvo children who grew to maturity; she was born in Canton township in 1856. To them Avas born one son, Charles R. Mrs. Krise is a member of the Disciple Church. Mr. Krise is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, Canton Lodge, No. 415 ; of Troy Chapter, No. 261, and of Canton Commandery, No. 64. He served as a member of the borough coun cil four years, and three years was treasurer of the council; politi cally he is a Democrat. BENJAMIN KUYKENDALL, farmer. Towanda, who has long been one of the leading and influential agriculturists of the county, resides in the borough and carries on his extensive farming interests at the same time. His nativity Avas the Empire State, born in Sulli van county, July 28, 1826, a son of Peter and Deborah (Vanduzen) 55 950 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Kuykendall,- also natives of New York and of German and English descent, respectively; they Avere farmers, who came to Bradford county in 1844, settling in Windham township, where the father died in 1876, and had reared a family of eleven children — five daughters and six sons — of whom Benjamin is the sixth. The youthful days of our sub ject were divided between his native place and Windham township; in 1873 he first madejiis residence in the borough. His elegant farm of 175 acres is situated in Windham township, is one of the best in the county and he has two other farms in other townships, as well as con siderable town property in Towanda. Benjamin Kuykendall was married March 9, 1853, to Pamela Anna, daughter of Rev. Daniel and Tamar (Williamson) Gardner, natives of Orange county, N. Y., and of English stock. Mrs. Kuykendall was born in Windham township, on January 6, 1833; her grandfather, Williamson, was a lay-reader in the Episcopal Church, and a very prominent Mason ; he was a distinguished minister of the Baptist Church. To this marriage union came eight children, and in the order of birth, as follows : Thomas, who died at eleven years of age ; and two died in infancy ; Anna (Mrs. John H. Dean); Deborah C. (Mrs. George A. Dayton); Benjamin (an attorney in Towanda); Paul (a bookkeeper in Duluth, Minn.); and Francis E. (Mrs. Benson Landon, in Chicago). This is one of the prominent families in the social life of Towanda. Mr. Kuykendall was ten years a justice in Windham township ; was elected county commissioner in 1872, and served a full term ; he is a prominent temperance advocate and a good Republican. C. S. LAFFERTY, retired merchant, Camptown, ranks among Brad ford county's most successful business men. He was born in New Jersey, July 30, 1832, and is a son of John and Jane (Little) Lafferty ; the former was born in County Antrim, Ireland, but while yet a boy came to America, and located in Sussex county, N. J., of winch place his wife was a native; he was a shoemaker by trade, and followed that occupation until 1834, when he removed to Herrick township, this county, and purchased a farm, and followed the occupation of a farmer until his death, in 1890, being then in his ninetieth vear; he had a family of six children, of whom our subject is the eldest. The others were : Harriet, married to P. S. Squires, of Herrick, now county com missioner; Catherine, married to Thomas Lee, and residing in Herrick; William (deceased); James (deceased); and John (deceased). Our subject Avas reared on a farm, and was educated in the common schools, and Wyoming Seminary. After reaching his majority he was a traveling salesman for nine years. In 1860 he came to CamptoAvn, and built a store room (Avhich has since been incorporated into the house he noAv occupies as a residence), and opened a general store, having S. R. Stevens associated Avith him, under the firm name of Lafferty & Stevens. This firm continued in business four years, when Mr. Stevens retired. Mr. Lafferty purchasing his interest. The latter continued the business alone until 1870, and then took, as a partner, George H. Landon, and the business was conducted under the firm name of Lafferty & Landon four years. In 1 878 he built the store-room noAv occupied by Smith Brothers, which is one of the best-appointed and most commodious HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 951 store-rooms in the county ; he continued in business there until 1880, and then sold to Smith Brothers; since that period he has been dealing extensively in Western lands and city property. Besides his large real estate interests in this county, he has real estate in Chicago, Denver (Colo.), Nebraska and West Virginia. Mr. Lafferty was united in marriage, April 20, 1868, Avith Emma E., daughter of Thomas and Miranda (Knott) Jones; her father Avas a native of Wales, and died in Herrick township in 1848. Her only sister, Martha, married Martin Fee, of Camptown. Mr. and Mrs. Lafferty have one child, W. S., born April 26, 1868 ; he was educated in Camptown Academy, Wyoming Seminary, and Elmira Business College; he is uoav a merchant in Chicago. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of Camp town. Mr. Lafferty is a member of the F. & A. M.. a Master Mason, and belongs to Franklin Lodge, Towanda ; also a member of Wyalus ing Lodge, No. 503, 1. O. O. F., Camptown, has taken all the degrees, and is past grand. His political views are Democratic. Mr. Lafferty has from the start depended entirely upon his own resources, and has been eminently successful. ¦ HARRISON LAMB, farmer, P. O. Macedonia, was born Novem ber 24, 1820, at BroAvntown, Wyalusing toAvnship, this county, a son of Ebenezer and Nancy (Gordon) Lamb, the former a native of Ver mont and the latter of New Jersey, of English and Scotch-Irish ancestry. Samuel Gordon, his grandfather, settled in Wyalusing in 1780, about three miles from the mouth of the creek, Avhere he built the first gristmill, probably, in the county, and was one of the promi nent pioneers of the country. Grandfather Lamb was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and was a prisoner with the Indians in Canada for a long time. Harrison Lamb was reared on a farm, and when grown began farming on his own account, also lumbering in connec tion. He came to Macedonia in 1887, and located on his present farm. Mr. Lamb was married in October, IS — . to Esther Whitney, who was born in September, 1830, and of this marriage there are nine children, as follows: Laura, born October 9. 1858; Louise, born, February 28, 1860; Andrew, born May 3, 1861; Lizzie, born December 21, 1862; Beecher M., born November 13, 1864; May, born September S. 1866; Mertie, born April 24, 1868; Eugene, born July 14, 1870; Herbert, born November 16, 1872. The girls are mostly teachers, and some are in Philadelphia as nurses. Mrs. Lamb, who was a faithful member of the Presbyterian Church, departed this life May 7, 1889, deeply mourned by the family, and much lamented by those who were inti mately acquainted with her. She was a daughter of the late Dr. Elisha Whitney, of Wyalusing. GEORGE A. LAMKIN, senior member of the firm of Lamkin Bros. & Bloom, prominent dealers in general merchandise, Troy, was born in Ithaca, N. Y., February 1, 1854, is a son of James and Barbara (Tucker) Lamkin, and is of English parentage [see sketch of James W. Lamkin] ; he Avas reared in Tompkins county, N. Y., received a pub lic-school education, and after attaining his majority, began life for himself as a clerk in an agricultural store in Danby, N. Y., where he remained six years. In 1879 he located in Troy, Pa., and was clerk in 952 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. a general store until 1882, when he embarked in the general merchan dising business as a member of the firm of Gernert, Lamkin & Moore, until 1885, then as Gernert & Lamkin until 1887, then as Lamkin, Bloom & Manley until 1888, when the present firm of Lamkin Bros. & Bloom was organized, and they are among the most popular busi ness houses of Troy. Mr. Lamkin married, September 18, 1890, Ada O, daughter of Brewster A. and Louisa C. (Colborn) Long, of Troy borough. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, is a Sir Knight Templar and a member of the I. 0. O. F. Though he never sought office he is known as a worker in the interest of the political party he represents, Avhich is the Republican. JAMES W. LAMKIN,' of Lamkin Bros. & Bloom, dealers in gen eral merchandise, Troy, was born in Lansing, Tompkins Co., N. Y., June 14, 1852, and is a son of James and Barbara (Tucker) Lamkin, natives of England, who came to America about 1845, and settled in Lansing, N. Y., where the father engaged in farming until his death ; their children were eight: Elizabeth (Mrs. Hoffman Swartout), James W., George A., Charles (deceased), Jane (Mrs. Willis Euest), Hattie (Mrs. Charles Hamford), John, and Julia (Mrs. Fred. Johnson). Our subject Avas reared in Tompkins county, N. Y., educated at Danby High School, began life as a farmer, and later served in the capacity of clerk in the general store of Danby & Spencer for four years. In March, 1887, he located in Troy, Pa., and purchased an interest in a clothing store with E. S. Jewell, in Avhich he continued until 1889, under the firm name of Jewell & Lamkin ; he then became a member of the firm of Lamkin Bros. & Bloom, one of the leading business houses of Troy, with whom he is still connected. Mr. Lamkin was twice married, his first wife being Olive, daughter of John and Eliza (Malks) Thomas, of Danby, N. Y., by whom he had one daughter, Amelia; his second wife Avas Gertrude Jewell, daughter of E. S. and Araminta (Davidson) Jewell, of Troy, Pa. Mr. Lamkin is a live and enterprising business man ; he is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics is a Republican. H. LAMPHERE, farmer and dairyman, P. O., Wyalusing, Avas born in LeRaysville, this county, October 10, 1843, a son of Zelwin and Delila (Piatt) Lamphere. His father was a carpenter and contractor, and resided a greater portion of his time in LeRaysville ;* he had a family of six children, viz.: Edward, now in California; Charles, a farmer, of Standing Stone ; George (deceased); Emily, married to Theodore Rosencrans, a farmer residing in Nebraska ; Sarah, married to George Corner, a farmer in Nebraska, and our subject. H. Lam phere spent his boyhood, until sixteen, in LeRaysville, where he attended school most of that time. In March, 1862, he enlisted in Company H, Seventy-Fifth P. V. I., and was in the battles of Fort Fisher, Wilmington, and the campaign against Richmond ; wTas twice struck by bullets, so as to leave permanent scars, but never seriously wounded ; was mustered out with his regiment, July 10, 1865. After returning from the army he purchased a blacksmith shop at Wysox, and worked at that trade for two years, then went West and took up a homestead in Nebraska, but after staying there about six months HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 953 moved on to Idaho, and for some time Avas engaged in work on the Northern Pacific Railroad ; he then came back to Clarence, Iowa, and farmed for a year, and then returned and located at Standing Stone, and for the following eight years made that his home, with the excep tion of one year spent in lumbering, close to Lanark, Pa. He then came to Wyalusing township, aDd for four years was on the Bixby farm; and then, in the spring of 1887, removed to his present residence, the Washington Taylor farm, now OAvned by Dr. J. M. Chamberlain. Mr. Lamphere married, August 14, 1871, Anna Benjamin, a daughter of Morgan Benjamin, of Standing Stone, and this union has been blessed with four children : Elmer, Jennie, Earnest and Albert. Mr. Lamphere is a member of Glosson Lodge, No. 920, I. O. O. F., Sugar Run, and of Hurst Post, No. 86, G. A. R, Camptown, and is a Repub lican. He has lived in the vicinity of his present home many years, and commands the esteem and respect of all ; he has always depended entirely on his own resources and has been very successful. FREDERICK C. LANDMESSER. merchant, was born inHanoA'er toAvnship, Luzerne Co., Pa., July 26, 1857. His father, Peter Land- messer, was born in Germany, on the Rhine, November 4, 1819, and his grandfather, John Nicholas Landmesser, was born in the same place, November 17, 1776. His great-grandfather, John Nicholas Landmesser, Avho was an officer under the Duke of Nassau, married a Miss Krumpf, and they had four children : John Nicholas, Elizabeth (wife of D. Barkler), Catherine (Avife of W. Warner) and Mary. John Nicholas married Louisa Barks, and had nine children, all born in Germany, of whom are given the names of Louisa (Avife of N. Bish), Catherine (wife of Andrew Weiskarger), Mary (wife of K. Keller), Nicholas, Frederick (retired mine superintendent), Peter, and Ludwig, a coal operator. John Nicholas came to this country in 1836, having lost his wife in 1823 ; he died in 1855, and is buried in HanoATer, Pa. Peter Landmesser began life prospecting for coal in his seventeenth year, and lived at home until he was twenty-four, during which time he Avorked on the Lehigh Canal, and in cutting and packing broom corn, also in public works and mining ; he was superintendent of the mines at Silver Brook, the Baltimore mines and the Oliphant, near Carbondale. In 1856 he erected a slope which was afterward aban doned ; was then mine boss for his brother Ludwig, who was agent for the Hartford Coal Company, and was superintendent in 1860 for the Continental Coal Company, during which year he took a contract Avith the Baltimore Coal Company and sank a slope for them. In 1861 he was superintendent for Gray and Mortagie; in 1862 for Mortagie; in 1863 was mine boss for the Wilkes-Barre Coal and Iron Company, and in 1864 superintendent for Gray & Longstreet, in Schuylkill county. In 1864 he Avas superintendent for the Baltimore Company Slope, No. 3, at Wilkes-Barre, and in 1865 they Avere burned out, and he lost all his personal property. He remained Avith this com pany until 1865, when he began purchasing farm produce along the canal ; then came to Standing Stone, and purchased the " Rummerfield Hotel" in 1867, which he conducted until 1873, also trading, and then turned his hotel into a general store, which he conducted until 1876. 954 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. He then purchased, from the heirs of James Esbey, his present home and two hundred or more acres of land, and has devoted the balance of his life to farming aud trading. Mr. Landmesser Avas school director three years; is a member of the Wilkes-Barre Lodge, No. 61, A. F. & A. M., and is a Republican. He married, in 1847, Josephine, the eldest of six children of Nicholas and Christiana (Diedersfelt) Rittersbacher. Of this union were children as follows : John Nicholas, who died in infancy; Peter (deceased); Louisa, av if e of George P. Hilpert, both deceased, leaving a daughter, Georgie J. Hilpert, who is Avith her grand father; Peter B.; Louise and Alexander (deceased). Frederick O, the subject of this sketch, attended school at Wilkes-Barre and Stand ing Stone, until his fourteenth year ; then worked on a farm eight years ; he had charge of the " Rummerfield Hotel " eighteen months ; traded in apples and produce two years, and then took a commercial course in Kingston College, Luzerne county. Returning to Rummer field he engaged in the hay, grain, and coal business, with Billings, Feel and Stewart, under the name of F. C. Landmesser & Co., with main office at Homet's Ferry. In 1887 he withdrew from this firm, and built the store which he now occupies, dealing in general mer chandise ; he is one of the prosperous business men of the county, and carries a stock of about $5,500, doing an annual business of about $12,- 000. In politics he is a Republican. He married, February 23, 1887, Sarah O., eldest daughter of William and Almira (Barton) Claggett! Mrs Landmesser worships at the Methodist Episcopal Church. PETER BARNEY LANDMESSER, station agent, Rummerfield, Avas born near Wilkes-Barre, Pa.. April 22, 1854, a son of Peter B. Landmesser. In the days of his youth he attended school in Luzerne and Bradford counties, until his sixteenth year, when he began to make his own way in the world, and worked mostly on the farm until the fall of 1873, when he Avas appointed station agent at Rummerfield on the Lehigh Valley Railroad. He received this appointment from Gen'l. Supt. R. A. Packer, and has continued in that employ to the present time. He married Sarah J., daughter of Nelson and Lois (Chaffee) VanNest; she was the sixth of nine children, eight of whom are living. Mr. and Mrs. Landmesser have had four children, as fol lows : Louis P., born February 20, 1879 ; Mabel E., born April 11, 1882 ; Louise J., born September 8, 1885, and Perry O, born December 24, 1888. Mr. and Mrs. Landmesser attend the M. E. Church, and in politics he votes the Republican ticket. This family is of the pleasant and much respected ones of Bradford county. NEUTON LANDON, dealer in groceries and feed,. Canton, is a native of the place, born August 1, 1842, a son of Eldaah and Lucy (Loveridge) Landon, the former a native of Canton township, this county, having been born, April 15, 1808, one and one-half miles south of Canton borough. The mother died in 1848 in her thirty-eighth year. The grandparents were Laban and Elizabeth (Gillis) Landon, natives of New Jersey and Newbury, N. Y., respectively; they came from Williamsport to Canton township, between the years 1797 and 1800. Their son, Joshua Landon, Avasborn in Canton, February 27, 1800 — the first white child born in this vicinity. Laban Landon served in the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 955 Revolutionary War, and was one of Washington's bodyguard; he died in June, 1828, in his seventieth year. Mrs. Landon died in June, 1848, in her eighty-fourth year. Eldaah Landon is the youngest in a family of fourteen children. The family removed to Troy in 1822, where they resided until 1830, when they returned to Canton where Mr. Landon still resides. The subject of this memoir is the fourth in a family of four children, of Avhom two are now living. He was reared in Canton, and received a public-school education. He enlisted in April, 1861, in the three months' service, and re-enlisted September 7, 1861, for three years, in Company K, Fiftieth P. V. I.; he went Avith Porter's fleet South, and Avas in the second battle of Bull Run, also the one at Chantilly, and in some minor engagements. He was mustered out on account of disability, January 22, 1863, and Septem ber 3, 1864, he re-enlisted in Company K, Fifteenth New York Engi neers, and Avas mustered out at Fort Berry, Virginia, June 13, 1865. He returned home and taught school during the winters of 1865 and 1866; then clerked in a store one and one-half years, after Avhich he took up farming, which he folio wed until July, 1881, when he embarked in the grocery business. Mr. Landon was married in Granville, this county, in 1868, to Maggie, daughter of William and Maria Bunyan, natives of Scotland and Havana, N. Y., respectively; her father Avas a farmer, served several years as county treasurer, and died in April, 1882, in his seventy-seventh year; her mother, who is still living, is the sixth in a family of eleven children, and was born in Granville township in 1847. To Mr. and Mrs. Landon were born two children: Jennie and Charles F. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church. He is a member of the board of trustees, served three years as councilman, assessor three years, and tax collector two years; is a charter member of Canton Masonic Lodge, No. 415, Troy Chapter, No. 261, and Canton Commandery, No. 64, also a member of the fol lowing : G. A. R., Ingham Post, No. 91, of which he was the first commander ; I. 0. O. F., Canton Lodge, No. 321, and has passed all the chairs in the Order; is also a member of the Encampment, and has passed the chairs. He is a Republican, and was census enumerator for Canton borough in 1890. REV. ALEXANDER LANE (deceased) was born October 3, 1809, in Burlington township, this county, on the farm where he died, and Avhere his daughter, Margaret A., and son, Stephen A., noAv reside. He was the eighth generation of Alexander Lanes in America, and was of Pilgrim origin, a son of Alexander and Abigail (Mills) Lane, natives of Connecticut, and who removed to Bradford county from Poughkeepsie, N. Y., in 1795, settling in Burlington, being one of the pioneer families. He was a soldier in the War of the Revolution, was of Scotch-Irish descent, and the name was originally McLane. The sub ject of this sketch married Catharine Shoemaker, who was born October 18, 1813, at Kingston, Luzerne Co., Pa., of Quaker ancestry, and by her he had nine children, as follows: Margaret A., born January 5, 1834; Asa S.. born December 5, 1835 ; John W., born June I'd, 1838 ; William Alexander, born June 25,1841 ; Noel W., born July 9, 1844; Stephen A., born December 7, 1846 ; Catharine F., born August 8, 1849 ; 956 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Charles H., born September 8, 1852; and Gustavus G., born June 18, 1855. William Alexander was the ninth generation of Alexanders in America ; was a physician, and a soldier in the Civil War, Company B, Two Hundred and Seventh Regiment, P. V. Charles H. is a phy sician in Pittsburgh, Pa. Gustavus G. is a farmer occupying a part of the old homestead ; was married to Susan Wrisley, of Burlington, and of New England ancestry, Avhose parents removed to the county in 1858. Rey. Alexander Lane, the subject proper of this sketch, was a cler gyman of the Methodist Protestant Church, having joined the Penn sylvania Conference at the age of eighteen ; he traveled as an itinerant preacher, on horseback, as was the custom in those early days, in the States of New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland and Pennsylvania ; Avas a powerful preacher and an excellent man ; he was nearly sixty years in active pastoral work, and died April 26, 1890, at the age of eighty years. WILLIAM PENN LANE, farmer, Burlington township, P. O. Luther's Mills, was born October 6, 1842, on the farm where he now resides, a son of Zepheniah and Polly (Clarke) Lane, the former of Avhom Avas born in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., of Scotch-Irish origin. The maternal grandfather Clarke, was in the Wyoming massacre, and his father was a captain in the Revolutionary War, and a pioneer of Ulster township. Grandfather Lane was one of the first settlers of Burlington, and experienced all the privations of the pioneer. The father, who was a preacher in the Methodist Episcopal Church, and a farmer, with the aid of his sons cleared the farm where William P. now resides ; he died at the age of seventy-six years ; when a mere lad he was a soldier in the War of 1812. In 1864 Mr. Lane enlisted in Company C, One Hundred and Eighty-eighth N. Y. V. I., and was in several battles; heis now a pensioner (he had one brother and four half- brothers also in the war). He was married, April 20, 1864, to Jane Fairchild, of Burlington, who was born April 18, 1846, a daughter of Gideon and Lydia Knight, of English origin. To Mr. and Mrs. Lane have been born five children, two of whom are living, as follows : Grove, born June 20, 1874, and Minnie, born May 14, 1867. The old homestead, where Mr. Lane resides, is a farm of eighty-five acres under a good state of cultivation, on which he has a fine dairy. Mr. Lane is an excellent man in all respects, is a member of the G. A. R., in politics is a Republican, and has held many offices of public trust; is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he has been a steward, and superintendent of the Sunday-school many years. ROBERT H. LANING, Wysox, was born in Wyalusing, this county, June 25, 1837, and is a son of Matthias H. and Ann H. (Over ton) Laning. His father, who was a native of Owego, N. Y., and a son of John and Mary (Hollenback) Laning, removed to Wyalusing about the year 1835, where he built a large section of the North Branch Canal, and kept a store, and also for the purpose of looking after the estate of his mother who was a daughter of Judge Matthias Hollenback, a well-known pioneer and large land-owner of the Wyom ing Valley. Matthias Hollenback Laning located, in 1842, in Wysox toAvnship, on the farm now occupied by his son, and resided there until HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 957 his death, May 3, 1890; he Avas largely interested in real estate in Wysox and Towanda, and in mining in the Wyoming Valley at Wilkes- Barre and elsewhere. His wife was a daughter of Thomas B. and Maria (Hodkinson) Overton, of Wilkes-Barre, by whom he had four children; Robert IL, Mary A. (Mrs. Edward T. Elliott), Emily T. (Mrs. William T. Bishop) and Elizabeth L. (Mrs. Clark B. Porter). Robert H. Laning was reared in Bradford county, and Avas educated at Dickinson's Seminary, Williamsport, and Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda. Since attaining bis majority he has been engaged in various business enterprises, and during the lifetime of his father assisted him in the management of his business. He married, May 21, 1890, Mrs. Mary (Mowry) Morgan, daughter of Ezekiel Mowry, of Meshoppen. Mr. Laning has served as school director of Wysox four terms; also several terms as road commissioner, and is in these posi tions now; is a director of the First National Bank, Towanda ; presi dent of the Bradford County Agricultural Society; is a Sir Knight Templar, and in politics is a Democrat. GEORGE LANTZ, farmer, Franklin township, P. O. Franklin dale, was born in Monroe township, this county, July 21, 1832, a son of Peter and Catherine (VanNest) Lantz, both of whom were born in New Jersey, and came to this county about 1825, locating at Wysox, from Avhich place they removed to Franklindale, where the father died in 1862, at the age of seventy-nine years. He purchased a farm of 100 acres of wild land, which he improved and beautified, living on it fifty years ; his family were ten in number — -three sons and seven daughters — all of Avhom grew to maturity, but only three are now living — George (our subject) being the youngest of the family. Peter was married twice ; both of his wives Avere VanNests, and cousins ; he had six children by the former marriage and four by the latter. When our subject was twenty-four years of age he purchased a farm and made a home for himself ; at the age of thirty he married Miss Marga ret, daughter of Samuel and Mary Anable, and the result of this union Avas six children — two sons and four daughters: Cora (died when four years old); Jennie; Louella (died when ten months old); Mamie. Samuel and James. Mr. Lantz has a neat home in the village of Franklindale,'besides a farm of 100 acres, on which he raises grain, hay and wool; politically he is a Republican. LESTER R. LANTZ, physician, New Albany, born February 15, 1858, in Franklin township, Bradford Co., Pa., a son of William and Elizabeth (Arnold) Lantz, the former of whom, a farmer, born of German origin in New Jersey, Avas one of the representative men of the township, and died at the age of sixty-five ; the mother died aged thirty-eight. Grandfather Lantz was a Revolutionary soldier ; and the paternal grandfather was in the War of 1 812. The subject of these lines, who is one of a family of eleven children — seven sons and four daughters — was reared on the farm, and educated in the common schools of his town. He studied medicine from a very early age ; and attended lectures at the University of Pennsylvania, graduating from there in the spring ;of 1880; and in the winters of 1885-86 he took a post graduate course at "the University of New York. Immediately after his 958 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. graduation he engaged in the practice of his chosen profession at Hill's Grove, Pa., where he was for some time, and then three years at Norfolk, Va. In the spring of 1887 he located in New Albany, where he has had an extensive and lucrative practice, and is fast becoming one of the lead ing practitioners of the county. The Doctor was married, in 1879, to Maud Gilbert, of Franklindale. Dr. Lantz is a member of the I. O. O. F., and in politics he is an Independent. He is the owner of one of the finest residences in the township. PETER LANTZ, farmer, of Franklin township, P. O. Franklin dale, was born in Franklin, this county, January 21, 1851, a son of William and Maria (Arnold) Lantz, the former born in or near New ton, Sussex Co., N. J.; the latter in Ulster, this county. William Lantz came with his father, Peter Lantz, Sr., Avhen a young lad, or about 1840, locating in Franklin, where he afterward lived and died ; he Avas an industrious farmer, who by hard labor and economy accu mulated a farm of 257 acres of good land ; his family number twelve by two marriages ; he married, for his first wife, Miss Maria Arnold, by whom he had nine children, eight of whom are living ; his second wife was Miss Catherine Beavens, by whom he had three children, two yet living. Our subject, who is the sixth in the first family, was reared and educated at Franklin, and always worked on a farm. At the age of twenty-seven he married, at Terrytown, August 29, 1878, Miss Mary, daughter of Charles and Ann Viell, and there were born to them four children, all of whom are now living, and very young, as follows: Charles, Edward, Arthur and Leo. Mr. Lantz, as were his forefathers, is a hard-working man, who by industry and economy has made himself a comfortable home ; he is a general farmer, paying some attention to wool-growing; is a member of the Patrons of Indus try, and a trustee of the Methodist Episcopal Church. W. L. LANTZ, farmer, of Franklin toAvnship, P. O. Franklindale, was born in Monroe township, this county, April 17, 1840, a son of William and Amelia M. (Arnold) Lantz, the former born in NeAV Jer sey, the latter in Ulster, this county. William was the son of Peter, who removed from NeAV Jersey about 1840, and located in Franklin, north and east ofthe village; he lived and died on the farm on which he located. William, his son, after taking care of him, and paying off the heirs, came into possession of the farm. He was twice married, and by his first wife had six sons and three daughters, five of whom grew to maturity; by his second wife he had one son and two daugh ters. William died in 1878, at the age of sixty-four years, leaving a farm of about 200 acres, all of which he had earned with his own hands, which proved him to have been a successful and enterprising farmer. The subject of this sketch, who is the second child by the first wife, was reared and educated in Franklin, and early in life learned the mil ler's trade at Horace Willey's mill, in Franklindale, and worked there seven years; then removed to New Albany, Pa., where he purchased a large mill, renovated and improved it so extensively by the appliance of modern machinery, and operating same by steam, that he made it a com plete success. After establishing a paying custom, during the space of twelve years, he sold out to Mr. O. M. Fassett, who married his only HISTORY, OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 959 daughter, Amelia M. He married, at Towanda, September 28,1861, Miss Mary J., daughter of Horace and Debby A. Willey. Mr. Lantz is noAv engaged in general farming in Franklin; he enjoys the confi dence of his neighbors, and was at one time elected county auditor ; has also held several town offices; politically he is a Democrat. HON. BARTHOLOMEW LAPORTE "(deceased) was one of the leading men of the county in his day, a grandson of Bartholomew Laporte, a leader of the French colony that settled Asylum toAvnship — refugees from France in the close of the last century. Bartholomew Laporte, Sr., came to this county in 1794, and made his settlement on the farm noyv OAvned partly by F. H. Hageman. The subject. of this sketch was a son of John and Matilda (Chamberlain) Laporte. born on the old homestead in FrenchtoAvn, January 25, 1823. He married, July 31, 1845, Emily Terry, who av as ofthe eminent family of Terrys whose names are indelibly connected Avith the early settlement of the north branch of the Susquehanna. To this marriage were born four chil dren, two of whom are living, viz.: George B., born February 14, 1846, and Nancy M., born May 14, 1859. Of these, George B. married Amanda, daughter of John M. and Hannah (Mingos) Piatt, and they have three children : Emily G., born November 25, 1877; Nellie M., born September 14, 1879, and Jennie E., born October 24, 1881. Nancy M. Laporte is now Mrs. J. S. Bovingdon, of Buffalo, N. Y. Hon. Barthol omew Laporte Avas during his life one of the prominent men of Brad ford county; a strong leader of the Republican party, he Avas elected, and served Avith eminence three terms in the State Legislature, and died September 15, 1889. MICHAEL J. LARKIN, boot and shoe merchant, Towanda, was born in County Gahvay, Ireland, January 6, 1830, a son of James and Elizabeth (Martin) Larkin. His father came to America in 1835 and settled in Schuylkill county, Pa., where he engaged in mining, and died in the mines, May 18, 1854. Michael J. Avas reared in Ireland until fifteen years of age. He came to America in 1845, and joined his father in Schuylkill county, Pa., Avhere he Avas employed as a slate picker, and later as a driver and miner, and folloAved mining more or less for twenty years, a part of the time in Barclay, this county, five years as a miner and two years as dock boss. He came to Towanda in 1868, where he was engaged in various business enterprises until 1871, when he embarked in the shoe business, in which he still con tinues. Mr. Larkin married. May 9, 1852, Catherine, daughter of Michael and Mary (Burke) Welch, of Carbon county, Pa., by whom he has six children living, as follows : James, Elizabeth, Michael, Mary, Margaret and Joachim. Mr. Larkin is a member of the Catholic Church and is a well-known, representative citizen of Towanda. In politics he is a Republican. PETER. LAYTJAN, farmer, West Terry, P. O. Marshview, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, November^24, 1828, a son of Jacob and Barbara (Bros) Layman, the former of whom, who was a weaver of superior skill, and a man of sterling qualities, reared a family of six children (all of whom grew to maturity), and died in 1869, at the age of seATenty-six years. The subject of this sketch, at the age of tAventy- 960 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. four, in 1853, immigrated to this country, landing at Castle Garden, N. Y. He remained one year in that city, after Avhich he came to Terry township, Bradford Co., Pa., where he has since resided. In 1856, in company with a cousin, he purchased 100 acres of wild land, which they highly improved, and in 1877, Mr. Layman purchased his cousin's interest, now owning the entire property of 175 acres. These men, like other settlers in a new country, had to cut their way through the Avoods to the nearest mill, which in this case was Frenchtown. On November 14, 1858, Mr. Layman married Miss Margaret Brown, and there Avere born to them six children, all of whom are living, as follows : John J. (married to Miss Mary Williams), Agnes I. (married to W. C. Jackson, and they have one child, a daughter), Charles F. (married to Eva Williams, and has one daughter), William H., Henry L. and Frank. Mr. Layman became a citizen of this country in 1858, and has been a law-abiding one ever since ; is honest in all his dealings with men ; has been elected to the office of town commissioner and school director; was also assessor three years. He was the principal mover in establishing the school in his neighborhood, and is a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically he is a Republican. JOHN LEE, farmer, P. O. Franklindale, was born in Scotland in 1823, a son of Robert and Sarah (Boyd) Lee, the former a native of Ireland, the latter of Scotland. Mr. Lee came to this county in 1838, and located in Herrick township, where he resided thirty years. He owned a farm out West, which he divided between his sons; he entered the army in defense of his adopted country, March 15, 1864, for the term of three years, attaching himself to Company A, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. L; Avas wounded at the battle of the Wilderness, after which he was discharged for disabilities. He now draAvs a pension of $30 per month, and is living on a small place belonging to his wife, Avhom he married in 1887. She was the widoAv of Charles Smith. Mr. Lee married, for his first wife, Miss Louisa, daughter of Thomas Bomp, by whom he had four children — three sons and one daughter : Thomas, Frank, Harry and Phoebe, three of whom are married, and prospering in business, and all are living in this county. Mr. Lee enjoys good health at the age of sixty-eight ; in politics he is a Republican. JOSEPH P. LEE, blacksmith, Wyalusing, was born in Herrick, Bradford Co., Pa., and is a son of James and Jane (Daugherty) Lee. His parents were born in County Armagh, Ireland; his father was a clothier and his mother a tailoress; they came to this country in 1829, and settled in New York City, where the father remained about eight years; then removed to New Milford, and engaged in the business of manufacturing cloth, and later removed to Herrick, becoming a suc cessful farmer of that section, and remained there until his death, which occurred in 1857; his widoAv survived until 1879. Joseph P. Lee passed his boyhood on his father's farm, and attended the common schools of Herrick, also two years at the Laceyville Academy. On July 9, 1851, he purchased a blacksmith shop in Herrick, and hired men to work for him, and with them he learned his trade; here he remained until 1865, Avhen he went to Carroll county, 111., where HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 961 he was tAvo years; then came back and opened an extensive shop at Camptown, using steam power; here he manufactured wagons, besides doing general blacksmithing, and Avorked a large force of men; from there he went to Athens, Avhere he engaged in the livery business. In August, 1884, he came to Wyalusing township, and, with the excep tion of two years spent on the road as traveling salesman, selling a tool of his own invention, he has passed his time here in general blacksmithing. Mr. Lee is a genius as regards mechanics, and has made that his constant study; has numerous inventions, the best of Avhich are the lightning hoof shears, a device for trimming horses' hoofs without the use of the old-fashioned nippers and tmttress; an expansive shoe for diseased feet; also a machine for cutting, punch ing and upsetting iron bars, all of which work to perfection, and are a perfect success. Mr. Lee married, March 10, 1860, Elizabeth, daughter of Lyman Matson, of Herrick, and they have a family of five chil dren : Joseph L. (a traveling salesman in Nebraska); Lyman M. (a furniture finisher in Waverly); William H., Lizzie J. and Lulu E., the two latter at home. Mr. Lee is a stanch Republican, but has no offi cial aspirations. As a horse-shoer he has no superior, and the numerous improvements which he has planned in his trade shoAvs him to be a close student of the trade he follows. His hoof-shears are sold in every State and Territory, and in Canada, and his shear-punch, and upset does heavier work than any other machine noAv made, and is on an entirely new principle. THOMAS A. LEE, farmer and stock-raiser, Herrick toAvnship, was born November 8, 1835, on the farm he noiv owns. His father, James Lee, Avas born in County Monaghan, Ireland, August 8, 1801 ;' he had two brothers who came to this county about the same time, viz.: Thomas, Avho died in Nebraska, in 1884, and Eccles, who died in this county in 1881. When James Lee came to this country he located at New York City, where he married, March 4, 1830, Jane Daugherty, a native of Ireland (whose family came to this State in 1831), and lived in New Milford, Susquehanna Co., Pa., nearly three years ; then came to this county and purchased the farm now owned by his son, Thomas A. He devoted his whole life to farming and stock-raising; was a deacon in the Baptist Church, and died in 1857, leaving six children^ viz.: Margaret Jane (wife of David Nesbit), William E., Joseph P., James IL, Charles J., and the subject of these lines. Thomas A. Lee was educated in the district schools until his twentieth year, then went to Nebraska, and from there to Wisconsin, returning home in 1857. His father having died intestate, the farm Avas appraised, and he and his brother, James H., took the property, after purchasing the rights of the other heirs, soon after they divided, Thomas A. taking fifty- three acres, on which were the house and other outbuildings (built by his father in 1849) since which time he has devoted his life to farming and stock-raising. He is a Republican in politics, and was jury com missioner in 1876 and 1879; constable, one year; auditor, three years; he is a member of the Baptist Church. Mr. Lee married, in 1869, Catherine, daughter of John and Jane (Little) Lafferty, natives of New York ; she was born August 19, 1835, and previous to her mar- 962 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. riage had successfully taught school seventeen terms, one term in Lycoming county, ten in Luzerne and six in this county. Mr. and Mrs. Lee have had three children : John, a successful teacher in Her rickville; Daisy M., and an infant (deceased). Mr. Lee has sixty-three acres of land, three horses, seven cows and thirteen sheep. JAMES P. LEES, farmer, P. O. Athens, was born in Athens, this county, in 1866, son of William and Charlotte (Isby) Lees, the former a native of Manchester, the latter a native of Trowbridge, England, born in 1834. The father removed to this county in 1856, locating in Litchfield township, and in 1869 he removed to Athens township, where he remained until his death, Avhich occurred March 3, 1890, in the fifty- ninth year of his age. He leaves a widow, and children as follows : John H., Esther, Joseph, James P. and Lottie. Esther is married to a talented minister, Rev. Douglass King, of the Methodist Episcopal Church. James P. is the principal man on the farm, taking charge and having the oversight of all in connection with same. They raise a mixed produce on a well-cultivated farm of seventy-three acres ; have a very fine house, roomy and commodious. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. DAVID S. LENOX, a farmer and proprietor of Mountain Lake Summer Resort, Mountain Lake. This resort is fast becoming one of the most frequented and popular places in the State ; next to Mount Pisgah it is the highest elevation in Pennsylvania, and there being abundance of fish in the lake, and beautiful groves surrounding it, it is altogether a very pleasant and picturesque place. Mr. Lenox was born June 28, 1838, in Ulster, a son of Daniel and Betsey (Head) Lenox, farmers of French origin, the former of whom was born in Canada, removed to this State when a child, and was reared a farmer ; the mother Avas a native of this county: her grandfather (Head) was one of the first settlers of the township of Burlington; tbey died at the ages of eighty-two and eighty four years, respectively. Subject was reared on the farm, and at his majority he Avent to the oil regions of West Virginia and then to Pennsylvania, where he was superin tendent of the largest works ; after some years he engaged in the lum bering business in Canton township, near Alba, Avhere he owned a sawmill, Avhich he lost by fire, and in 1875 removed to the farm which he now owns, and where he entertains many hundreds of people in the season. Mr. Lenox Avas married, September 13, 1871, to Juliet Freeman, of Troy, born October 4, 1845, a daughter of Horace D. and Sylvia (Palmer) Freeman, both of English extraction. There ha\re been born to Mr. and Mrs. Lenox four children, three of whom are living, as follows: S. May, born September 5, 1874; Ernest D., born March 30, 1879, and Lee D., born July 21, 1883. Mr. Lenox's farm consists of about seventy -eight acres, and lies around two-thirds of the shore of the lake. He is a Democrat in politics, and Avas, during the Civil War, acting in the commissary department. EDWARD P. LENOX, farmer and stock-grower, Ulster to wnship, was born February 9, 1841, on the farm he now occupies, a son of Daniel and Betsey (Head) Lenox. His father, a farmer, was born in Canada, August 7, 1794, and immigrated to the United States, settling HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY.. 963 with his parents in Ulster township, in 1799, at the age of five years. His mother was born in this county, April 22, 1799 ; they were among the early pioneers of Bradford county, and purchased the old home stead farm about the year 1822, that being about four years after their marriage, which occurred in 1818. Daniel died on the old homestead, February 24, 1874, aged eighty years ; his widow survived until April 18, 1881. Edward P. Lenox attended the common schools of Ulster toAvnship, and received a good common-school education ; when twenty- one years old he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Forty- first P. V. I., and was discharged at Baltimore, March 5, 1863. On September 16, 1864, he re-enlisted, this time in Company C, One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Regiment, N. Y. V. I., and was discharged at Rochester, N. Y, July 11, 1865, at the close of the war. He participated in the battle of Hatcher's Run ; skirmishes along the Weldon Railroad, March 30, 1865, in the battle of Lewis' Farm, and of Five Forks, April 1, 1865, the siege of Petersburg, surrender of Richmond, and Avas present at Lee's surrender at Appomattox; he was in the hospital about five months on account of disability caused by rheumatism, and receives a pension. His farm consists of fifty acres of finely-improved and highly -cultivated land ; he is one of the few farmers who grow tobacco on the upland, and he culti vates about three acres yearly. His father's family consisted of thirteen children, five of Avhom survive, and three live in this county, viz.: John, David S. and Edward P. Mr. Lenox was united in mar riage April 14, 1867, with Mary J., daughter of Hugh and Marion (Richie) Templeton, natives of Scotland, and the result of this marriage was ten children, viz.: Robert S., James T., Maud B., Myrtle A., Anna E., Daniel H., Edward P., Jessie E., Harry A. and Mary Jane. Robert S. (the eldest) is twenty-three years of age, and Mary J. (the youngest) is one year old. Mr. Lenox is a member of the K. of H., and is a stanch Democrat in politics. He gave the spring-time of his life to his country, sacrificing his health as an offering to the Union, and is a man broken in his prime, but surrounded by an exceedingly interesting family. ALBERT LENT, farmer, Wysox township, was born May 4, 1808, in a log house which stood where his barn now is, a son of John and Barbara (Croft) Lent, natives of New York, the former born of Hol land origin and the latter of German. Barbara Croft's mother, Mary Bowman, Avas the daughter of the Duke of Baden, Germany, and ran away Avith her father's coachman, coming to America. John Lent came to Rome in 1797, and the same year looated in Sheshequin, where he remained two years, and then remoA'ed to the farm where Albert Lent noAv resides", buying 120 acres of "Uncle Jesse. Allen," where he reared a family of thirteen children, eight of whom grew to maturity as follows: Mary, Tobias, Hannah, Catherine, Elizabeth and Mathias (twins), Sallie and Albert; he and his wife died in November, 1838, at the ages of seventy-five and seventy-three years, respectively. The subject of this memoir spent his boyhood assisting his father on the farm, and attending a school taught by Almira Price, situated on the present site of Wysox Presbyterian Church. When he was twenty 964 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. years of age, his father gave him a portion of the old homestead, where he has since resided, and accumulated a valuable estate. He was mar ried, June 3, 1835, to Susan Bull, who was born July 6, 1815, a daugh ter of William and Julia (Conklin) Bull, natives of Orange county, N. Y., and of English and Dutch lineage, respectively. The fruits of this union were the following: Frances, born August 2, 1836 (married to John Webb of North Towanda); Abel K.; Cidney, born January 22, 1840 (she was married to M. B. Owen, a grocer of Towanda, Pa., who died, and she later married George Eranbrack, druggist, Athens); Caro line, born March 25, 1842, (married to Dr. Edward Reed, of Genesee Forks, Pa.); Julia O, born August 25, 1843 (married to Stephen Bar- ner, a farmer, of Sheshequin, Pa.); Sarah, born July 15, 1846, died in infancy ; Barbara E., born November 4, 1849 (married to George K. Smith,^ farmer and school teacher, Orange county, N. Y.); Abigail, born February 12, 1851 (married to George Dewing, a farmer, of Warrenham, Pa.); Susan, born December 5, 1S53 (married to E. G. Owen, a farmer, of Wysox); Albert, born July 13, 1857 (married to Wealthy Coolbaugh, of Wysox; they have two children: Agnes C, born November 1, 1887, and Barbara, born November 26, 1889 ; he is engaged with his father on the farm, and in stock-dealing). Susan (Bull) Lent died in 1880 at the age of sixty-five years. Mr. Lent was married, November 14, 1883, to Elizabeth M. Reel (nee Elizabeth M. Moody), daughter of Moses and Phebe (Allen) Moody. Mr. and Mrs. Lent are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Pond Hill ; he is a Republican and has held the offices of constable, two years; school director, fifteen years; and collector, two years ; was justice of the peace, but did not take out his commission. Mr. Lent Avas a pio neer in the advancement of education, having taught the first two terms of school at Pond Hill. ABEL K. LENT, farmer, Wysox toAvnship, P. O. Myersburg, was born October 5, 1838, a son of Albert and Susan (Bull) Lent. He was educated in the common school and in Wyoming Seminary, and remained at home until 1867, Avhen he purchased his present home of 108 acres of his father, upon which he has since lived and placed it in an excellent state of cultivation. Mr. Lent Avas married, November 26, 1867, to Emma, daughter of Jacob and Adaline (Wheeler) Ercan brack, and to them were born three children as follows : Cidney E., born October 9, 1868, married to Emerson Bull, wTho is in the employ of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, at Sayre, Pa.; Mattie E., born March 5, 1871, and Addie S., born June 15, 1873. The mother of these children dying December 25, 1875, Mr. Lent married, in 1879, for his second wife, Adilaid Sill, and by this union there have been born the follow ing named children: Elmer D., born March 18,1880; Ethlyn J., April 12, 1882 ; Edwin H., December 4, 1886, and George A., November 27 1889 ' LEWIS THATCHER LENT, farmer, Wysox township, P. O. Myersburg, Avas born in Sheshequin, this county, July 28, 1823, a son of Tobias and Lucy (Thatcher) Lent, and is the eldest of eleven chil dren. Mr. Lent began life for himself at the age of eighteen, shoe- making, Avhich trade he followed several years ; then engaged in farm- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 965 ing, which has been the principal occupation of his life. He purchased his present home of J. M. Wattles, in 1871. Mr. Lent Avas married, November 12, 1845, to Miss Caroline, daughter of Arunah and Eliza beth ( Allen ) Wattles, and this union has been blessed with nine children (five of whom are now living): The eldest died in infancy; Elizabeth, born June 29, 1847, married M. L. Maynard, a farmer of Rome township; the next child died in infancy; Alice Letta, born March 24, 1850, married to Charles H. Stevens, farmer of Standing Stone; Ada Albina, born May 24, 1852, married to Charles Fox, a farmer of Wysox; Edith Ethleen, born July 31, 1854, married to Miles B. Caswell, who died in Colorado; Caroline, died Avhen two years old; Caroline Ida (second), born February 18, 1861, lives Avith her parents; LeAvis Byron, born April 16, 1868, and died May 27, 1869. Mr. Lent is a member of Wysox Grange, and is a life-long Republican in politics. THORNTON F. LENT, carriage manufacturer, and justice of the peace, Burlington, was born in Towanda, this county, December 15, 1840, a son of Mathias C. and Susan (Minier) Lent, the former of Dutch and the latter of German descent, and natives of this county. The grandfather Lent, settled at Pond Hill, Wysox township, early in this century, was one of the pioneers, and took up a large possession, cleared a fine farm and reared a large family ; he was a man of influence in his time. Mathias C. Lent was reared on the farm, and largely en gaged in lumbering, which he followed many years ; he was a major in the Pennsylvania Militia, and died in 1876, aged seventy -six years; his wife, Susan, died in 1864, aged sixty-tAvo years. Our subject is the sixth in a family of eight children, six of whom are still living. When he was twenty years of age, April 23, 1861, he enlisted in Company F, Sixth P. R., and was thus one of the first to respond to the call of his country in the late Civil War ; among the engagements in which he participated were the battles as follows : Dranesville, Fredericksburg, Antietam, Gettysburg, through the Wilderness campaign, and was honorably discharged, June 11, 1864. He had previously served his apprenticeship to the carriage-builder's trade, and in 1869 settled at Burlington where he has since carried on a successful business ; he is a Democrat in politics. In February, 1891, he was elected a justice of the peace, and has been in the council of the borough several years! Mr. Lent ivas married, in September, 1868, to Mary U. Melville, of Bur lington, of Scotch-Irish descent, a daughter of Franklin W. and Articica Clark, natives of Burlington. Mr. and Mrs. Lent have two sons : Harry M., born October 29, 1869, and Walter P., born December 26. 1873. Mr. Lent is much respected bv the entire community. ' GEORGE W. LENTZ, foreman in foundry, L. V. R. R. shops, Sayre, is a native of Weatherly, Carbon Co., Pa., born September 3, 1847, a son of George and Mary M. (Kibler) Lentz, natives of the same county. The father, who was a carpenter, died in Weatherly in 1873, in his sixty -fifth year ; the mother resides in Carbon county. George W., Avho is the ninth in the order of birth in a family of ten children, of whom three are living, received a common-school educa tion, and clerked in a dry-goods store a year; then in 1863 Avas employed by the Beaver Meadow Railroad Company (now a branch 56 966 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of the L. V. R. R.). in the foundry, where he worked about twenty- one years, acting in the capacity of assistant foreman from 1870 to 1884, when he went to Easton, Pa., and engaged in the foundry busi ness for himself, but remained there only one year, and worked a short time in Birmingham, Ala,; then was in the Standard Steel Works, of Thurlow, Pa., and the BaldAvin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia; from the latter he came to Sayre in 1886, where he Avas employed as fore man of the foundry, and has acted in that capacity since. Mr. Lentz was married in Weatherly, Pa., in December, 1874, to Miss Mary A., daughter of Joseph and Ann (Burn) Fletcher, the former of whom was a natiA^e of England, and the latter of Wales ; her father is a molder and a resident of Waverly, N.Y.; she is the eldest of eight liv ing children, and Avas born in Easton, February 10, 1854. Mrs. Lentz is a member of the Presbyterian Church; Mr. Lentz is a member of the Knights of Pythias, Sodi Lodge, No. 80. He is a stanch Repub lican, and served a term as school director in Weatherly. HENRY STEVER LEONARD, a prominent merchant, of Troy, was born in Springfield township, this county, November 1, 1828, a son of Ezekiel and Huldah (Stever) Leonard. His paternal grand father, Ezekiel Leonard, formerly of Springfield, Mass., moved to Springfield, this county, about 1S06, and cleared and improved the farm now occupied by Mrs. Isaac P. Doane, where he resided until his death; his children Avere: Ezekiel, Nathaniel, Lyman, Eber, Fred K., Albert, Alfred, Laura (Mrs. Joel Calkins), and Abby (Mrs. Abel Leon ard). Of these, Ezekiel, the eldest son, a native of Springfield, Mass., came to this county Avith his parents, and on attaining his majority cleared and improA^ed a farm in Springfield; for some years he resided in Troy, and died there; his wife was a daughter of Jacob Stever, of Schoharie county, N. Y., and they had nine children: Huldah (Mrs. J. P. Burnham), Lucy (Mrs. Nathan Sherman), Rhoda (Mrs. Eleazer Pomeroy), Angeline, Olive S., Betsey (Mrs. William R. Buck), Henry S., Renselaer and Solyman M. Henry Stever Leonard Avas reared in Springfield, educated in the common schools and at Troy Academy. He began life as a clerk in Troy in 1845, and served in this capacity until 1852, when he purchased an interest in a dry-goods store, which, as Maxwell & Leonard, was run two years, when the business Avas sold to John E. Goodrich, Mr. Leonard remaining with Mr. Goodrich as manager for four years. On April 1, 1857, Mr; Leonard embarked in the dry-goods and grocery business, continuing alone for two years, Avhen he took his brother, S. M. Leonard, and Thomas Maxwell into partnership, and the business Avas continued as Maxwell, Leonard & Bro., until 1862, when the business Avas sold to S. M. Leonard. Maxwell & Leonard then conducted a produce busi ness until the fall of 1866. In 1866 Mr. Leonard, with Mr. Maxwell and G. F. Redington, erected the handsome store now occupied by him, and on October 20, of that year, as Redington, Maxwell & Leon ard, embarked in the business of general merchandising, which con tinued until 1874, when Mr. Maxwell retired; the business was con tinued as Redington & Leonard until 1878, and up to February 7. 1891, as the Redington & Leonard Co., and since as H: S, Leonard & HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 967 Son. Mr. Leonard married, January 4, 1860, Ann E., daughter of Spencer and Amna (Austin) Crouch, of Cortland, N. Y., and has two children, Harry S. and Anna E. Mr. Leonard is one of Troy's leading merchants, and an enterprising and substantial citizen; he is a member of the Presbyterian Church and I. O. O. F.,and he is a Republican. A. B. LEWIS, harness manufacturer, Wyalusing, Avas born in Del aware county, N. Y., January 19, 1842, and is a son of James and Catherine (Belknap) Lewis, the former of whom was a native of Con necticut, and the latter of New York. The father, who was a carpenter, but,after many years turned his attention to farming and lumbering, removed, in 1847, from NeAV York to Wyoming county, and from there to Bradford, in 1854, locating in Terry toAvnship, where he fol lowed farming and lumbering until his death, in 1882, being then eighty-two years old ; his wife died the following year, aged seventy- eight years. They had a family of eight children, viz.: Hannah, mar ried to Abram C. Crounce, a farmer of New York; Martha, married to Israel VanLuvanel, a lumberman, of Terry township ; Ransaler, a lumberman and mill-owner, of NeAV Erie, Pa.; Sallie Ann, married to David A. Loomis, a carpenter, of New York; Aborn, who was a sol dier in Company C, Fiftieth P. V. I., and was killed at Spottsylvania; Joseph C, a farmer, of Battle Creek, Mich.; A. B., and Julia, married to Norman White, of Sullivan county. A. B. Lewis spent his boy hood in Wyoming and Bradford counties, attending the common schools until he was seventeen years of age; Avas then apprenticed to learn the harness maker's trade, and worked over five years. On March 20, 1864, he enlisted in Company G, Fiftieth P. V. V. I., and served until after the battle of Petersburg, participating in the follovv- ing engagements: Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Ann, Cold Harbor, Nye RiArer and Petersburg; during the battle of Petersburg, June 18, 1864, while in line of battle, and charging the, enemy's works, he received a gunshot wound in the upper portion of the left arm, which shattered the bone, leaving a permanent injury, greatly impairing the use of the arm. He Avas taken from the battle field to Barrack Branch of Lincoln Hospital, and after two weeks was removed to Ches- nut Hill Hospital, Philadelphia, Avhere he remained about seven months ; was then transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps, in which he served until mustered out. After returning home he commenced work, November, 1865, at his trade, and in the spring of 1867 he pur chased the business of Mr. Towner, Avhich he has since conducted alone ; his plant is supplied with modern machinery for the manufacture of hand-made harness, and his trade is extensive. Mr. Lewis was united in marriage April 4, 1868, Avith E. M. Adams, daughter of Lewis and Sal lie (Robart) Adams; but two of the family are living, Mrs. Leyvis and Mrs. Daniel Bennett, of New Albany, this county. To Mr. and Mrs. Lewis were born tAvo children : Frank O, born in 1869, and wTho lived about eight years, and J. Burt, born March 2, 1873, a student in Mil ler's School of Commerce, at Elmira. Mr. Lewis is a member of White Lilly Lodge, No. 808, 1. O. O. F., and has taken all the subordi nate degrees, and has passed all the chairs ; is a member pf Jackson 968 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Post, No. 74, G. A. R., and is past commander of the same; in politics he is a Republican, and has filled various town and borough offices. C. J. LEWIS, the well-known merchant of Wyalusing borough, the senior member of the firm of C. J. & E. D. Lewis, one of the largest firms in the township, Avas born October 17, 1 850, in Wyalusing town ship, son of Augustus and Sarah I. (Stone) Lewis, Avho are yet liv ing, residing in the borough. His parents had a family of seven children: of whom four are deceased ; those living are G. M., an attorney of Wilkes-Barre ; Sarah, wife of J. V. Taylor, farmer and stock-dealer, of Wyalusing, and C. J. The father of our subject devoted the greater portion of his life to mercantile pursuits, commencing business in Wyalusing in 1840 and continuing there until 1877, when he retired, selling to his son C. J., who had thus. passed almost his entire life in Wyalusing. C. J. Lewis was educated in the Wyalsuing schools, Towanda Collegiate Institute and Wyoming Seminary, gradua ting from the latter in 1870. and entered business associated with his father under the firm name of A. Lewis & Son, which firm continued until 1875, Avhen it was changed to A. LeAvis & Co., J. Mills Broivn purchasing an interest in the same; thus they continued until 1877, when A. LeAvis retired, and it became Lewis & Brovvn until 1883, when Mr. Brown sold ; then, until 1886, it was C. J. Lewis, Avhen E. D. LeAvis purchased a one-half interest, and the firm has since been C. J. & E. D. Lewis. Their store is the first one started Av.ithin Avhat is now the borough of Wyalusing, and has had a continuous existence of over fifty years, the firm are probably the largest dealers in hay and country- produce in the county. Mr. C. J. Lewis Avas united in marriage, November 18, 1879, with Marion Fasset, daughter of Charles Fasset, of Scottsville, Pa. He is a charter member of White Lilly Lodge, No. 808, I, 0. O. F.. and has taken all the degrees; he is an active member of the Presbyterian Church, and is a stanch Republican, but not a seeker after political spoils. He OAvns a handsome residence on Front street, besides other village property. E. D. LEWIS, junior member of the firm of C. J. and E. D. Lewis, merchants, Wyalusing, was born April 11, 1859, a son of Elisha and Philena (Stevens) Lewis, the former of whom is yet living. His father's family consisted of four children, of whom two died in infancy, W. E., a farmer, of Wyalusing, and E. D. being the only ones left. E. D. Lewis spent his boyhood at Merryall, where he attended the common schools until he was seventeen, when he entered the Collegiate Institute. He was graduated in the commercial class of that institution in 1877, and then came to Wyalusing and entered the employ of Lewis & Brown as clerk, remaining with them until 1882, when he entered the employ of J. Hay & Sons, of Easton, as com mercial salesman, with whom he was one year, and then returned to Wyalusing1, re-entering the employ of Lewis & Brown, with whom he remained until the dissolution of their partnership. He was next for one year Avith C. J. Lewis, then went to North Carolina and from there to Wilkes-Barre, Avhere he remained until July 31, 1886, when he returued to Wyalusing and became a member of the firm, as above stated, This is one of the large business houses of the borough, and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 969 they do an extensive business, carrying a general line of goods and dealing extensively in hay, grain and country produce. Mr. Lewis was united in marriage, December 25, 1883, Avith Hattie A., Smith, daughter of George Smith, wholesale grocer of Wilkes-Barre, and this union Avas blessed Avith two children : George, Avho died in infancy, and Charles B. He is a member of the First Presbyterian Church; of White Lilly Lodge, No. 808, I. O. O. F., in which he has taken all the degrees, and passed all the chairs, and now fills that of R. S. N. G. He is a Republican, but takes no active interest in politics. ELMER F. LEWIS, farmer, P. O. New Era. was born in Wyalus ing township, this county, May 3, 1841, and is a son of Edwin and Polly B. (Lathrop)LeAvis, the former of whom Avas born in Wyalus ing, November 19, 1816; the latter in Susquehanna county, Pa., December 8, 1817. Grandfather, Ebenezer LeAvis, also born in Wyalus ing, Avas a son of Thomas Lewis, who was born in New London, Conn., April 11, 1745, and removed to this county in 1788, having previously purchased a Connecticut title in 1776 ; he was a patriotic Son of America, who, for freedom, liberty and equal rights, gave his life for his country; he fought under Gen. Montgomery, and helped to build a bridge over a portion of Lake Champlain, and also to erect Fort Ticonderoga ; he Avas at the battle of Danbury, when that place was burned, and caught Gen. Wooster Avhen he fell, Avounded, from his horse; was an active Whig, serving his country faithfully to the end ; he died in February, 1810; his family consisted of ten children. Ebenezer LeAvis had eight children, of whom EdAvin, the first born, learned the wagon-maker's trade at Merryall, Pa., and died June 26, 1856, at the age of nearly forty years; he had a family of six children — .five daughters and one son, Elmer — all of whom are now living. Elmer F. LeAvis was reared and educated in Wyalusing, and in 1862, at the age of twenty-one, he enlisted in Company A, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., for the term of three years ; he recei\Ted a wound at the battle of Gettysburg, at which time, in his wounded and helpless condition, he fell into the hands of the enemy, but was recaptured again by some of his OAvn forces ; he served until the end of the war, and Avas honorably discharged. He was noted for his courage and coolness in battle. On his return from the army he married, March 25, 1868, Miss Ada Eliza, daughter of Ebenezer Chubbuck, by which union there were born-four children: Frances D., Charles E., E. W. and Don C, all living and unmarried. Mr. Lewis is a prosperous farmer and a leading man in his township; has filled by the choice of his felloAV-citizens the offices of commissioner, town clerk, auditor and school director to the entire satisfaction of all. He is a general farmer, and gives special attention to dairying. EVAN LEWIS, Ulster, farmer and stock-dealer, "P. O. Towanda, was born in Ulster township, this county, September 1, 1823, and is a son of John and Anna (Reese) Lewis, natives of Wales. His father followed the occupation of repairing farm implements, carrying a kit of tools from farm to farm, and doing the necessary Avork on the prem ises. After coming to the United States, in 1820, he bought a farm, and 970 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. located in Ulster township, Mr. Lewis being the fourth man to settle in the vicinity of Moore's Hill ; he cleared that farm and built the fourth house in that A'icinity. He died, December 1, 1853, aged sixty- six years; his widow died September 20, 1868, aged eighty -three ; their family of children was as follows : John (deceased), Anna (wife of William Wright, residing on Moore's Hill), Mary (wife of David Bevans, of Burlington toAvnship), Elizabeth (who died of small-pox in Wales), Lewis (of Monroe township), these were born in Wales ; Evan, Thomas (who died young), Elizabeth (married to Stephen Bennet, died leaving two children), Margaret (widow of William Manger), and William (of North Dakota.) Evan LeAvis, the subject of the sketch, had no school privileges until he was ten years old, as there Avas no school-house in his neighborhood prior to that time; he obtained, neAr- ertheless, a very practical education. He commenced life farming and rafting. He was married, November 6, 1850, to Amanda, daugh ter of John and Nancy (Shaver) Mingus, natives of Tompkins county, N. Y.; her father's family consisted of fourteen children (she being the eldest) of whom six girls and three boys, residents of Bradford county, survive. Mr. Lewis moved on the farm he now occupies, in 1850. He cleared 100 acres altogether, and set out orchards ; he put up the present buildings in 1869, all of which are substantial frames and have all modern conveniences ; the house contains fourteen rooms, and is one of the best in the county. Besides the farm he occupies, Mr. Lewis owns tAvo others in Ulster township — about 286 acres alto gether — and, with the exception of about fifty acres, all are susceptible of cultivation. He had nine children, seATen of whom are living, as fol lows : Thomas H. (married to Belle Brown), Sarah Ann (married to James Olmstead), John James (married to Sarah Heath), William A. (married to Emma Kindle), Ida (married to Charles Olmstead), Ettie (married to Allen McMorran) and George (married to Tillie Ayres). In his political views Mr. Lewis is Democratic. LEONARD LEWIS, member of the State Legislature, and resid ing at Alba, is a native of Canton township, this county, born March 4, 1830, a son of R. S. and Maria (Bakeman) Lewis, natives of New York. R. S. Lewis, Avho was a farmer, Avas born April 8, 1800, and died in Canton township, November 29, 1883, in his eighty-fourth year. Mrs. Maria Lewis was born April 16, 1806, and died May 30, 1875, at the age of sixty-nine^ years. The grandfather, Elnathan Lewis, was a native of New York, and died in the western part of this county. The subject of this sketch is the third in order of birth in a family of fourteen children, and was reared on a farm, receiving his education in the public schools. He has made farming and dairying his occupation until the present time. He was married in Alba, Octo ber 4, 1854, to Amanda M., daughter of Samuel and Betsey (Granteer) Rockwell, the former a native of Vermont, the latter of New York, who had a family of eight children, of whom three are now living; Mrs. Lewis is the youngest in the family in order of birth, and was born in Canton township, August 28, 1836. To Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Avere born tAvo children : C. S., married to Myra Jane Greenlaw, and Jennie, wife of E. A. Lilley, residing in Williamsport. Mr. and Mrs. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 971 Lewis are members of Christ's Church. He is a member of the Key stone Grange. Politically he is a Republican, and was elected to the State Legislature in the fall of 1890; he served two terms as school director, and filled an unexpired term; served one term as township auditor, also two terms as road commissioner, and was serving his third when elected to the Legislature in 1890 ; was assistant assessor one term. W. S. LEWIS, M. D., Canton, is to the "manor" born, which controlling event in his active professional career occurred in Mon roe township, on August 12, 1841. His parents were Timothy and Lucy LeAvis, the former a farmer, as well as a successful merchant, lumberman and hotel proprietor; he died in this county, in April, 1873, aged seventy-three years; the latter died in February, 1869, aged sixty-three years. The father was also a native of this county, a son of James Lewis, who came here and settled in Monroe, in 1806. His maternal grandfather Avas born seven miles above Wilkes-Barre. The paternal great-grandfather was a native of Wales, and came to America with a party of 3,000 colonists, brought by William Penn, when he came to plant his colony in his American purchase. Timothy Lewis' family consisted of three sons and four daughters, who grew to maturity, and four of whom are yet living. Dr. Lewis, who was the fourth of the children, lived with his parents in Greenwood until 1857, Avhen, with his family, he went to Franklin toAvnship, where he attended the public schools, and then became a pupil in the high school of Monroeton, and afterward attended the Normal School at Mansfield, Pa. He then commenced a course of reading in medicine, and became a student of the Eclectic Medical Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio, where he graduated February 28, 1873, and at once returned to Franklindale and opened his oflice, and Avas actively employed there until May 3, 1879, when he removed to his present home, Canton, and has been professionally engaged here since. He married, in Franklindale, March 21, 1869, Arilla E., daughter of Charles W. and Mary (Manley) Stevens, of Vermont and Connecticut, respectively, who came to this county with their families, when each was three years old. Mr. Stevens is a retired farmer. Mrs. Lewis' grandfather, Thomas Manley, was a soldier in the War of 1812, and was one of the prominent men of his time. Mrs. Lewis' father had a family of five sons and two daughters, of whom she is the fourth, and was born at Franklin, June 5, 1845. To Dr. and Mrs. Lewis have been born four children: Liston Leone (junior in Cornell University), Lucy May, Mary E. and Z. Freeman. Mrs. Lewis is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church; the Doctor is a member of the I. O. O. F., and G. A. R., Ingham Post, No. 91. He served five years in Franklindale, and is now serving, in Canton, his third term as presi dent of the school board. In September, 1861, he enlisted, although among the youngest, in Company E, Fifty-second P. V. I., a regiment noted in the annals of the Civil War for its long, severe and efficient service, in which the Doctor bore his part with tireless energy. At the organization of the regiment he was made lieutenant. He resigned his commission, and returned home in May, 1862. He is identified in 972 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. politics Avith the Republican party. Mrs. LeAvis' eldest brother, Manley T. Stevens, a member of Company K, Fiftieth Infantry Regi ment, was killed in a skirmish, in South Carolina, May 29, 1862, the shot being instantly fatal. The four surviving children of Timothy LeAvis, in order of birth, are as follows : James W., Dr. W. S., Benjamin L., and Mary D., a resident of Detroit. Timothy Lewis' father was James Lewis, who, Avhen aged twelve, lived with his parents near Sunbury, on a farm Avhere they had been removed for safety, at the time of the French-Indian War. One night they Avere attacked by a band of Indians, the father was killed, and James and his brother escaped by climbing out of a window ; the former took to the woods and Avas captured by the savages, while his brother reached Sunbury. The Indians carried young Lewis to Canada, where he remained in captivity three years, and when released rturned home. In after years he came to this county, settling on the Schrasder branch of Towanda creek, and lived to be eighty years old, dying about 1830. His children were four sons and two daughters. Timothy H. and Benjamin, only, were residents of Bradford ; the former died in Greenwood, in 1873, and was buried in Franklin. MoKEAN LILLEY, farmer, P. O. LeRoy, was born in Alba, Bradford Co., Pa., in December, 1845, a son of John and Lemira (McKean) Lilley, natives of Vermont and Burlington, this county, respecti\Tely. John Lilley, Jr., was the son of John Lilley, of Irish extraction, who came to America and located in Columbia town ship, where he followed farming until the time of his death. John, Jr., lived in Columbia sixteen years, after which he removed to Alba, where he lived the rest of his years, and died in Canton, in 1885 ; his family numbered eight children — six sons and two daughters — -seven of whom grew to maturity, and five of whom are now living. This family is the result of two marriages, four children by each wife. Our subject is the fifth in order of birth of the family, and the first child by the second wife ; he was reared and educated at Alba, and has always followed farming. At the age of tAventy-five, October 12, 1870, he married Nancy E., daughter of Daniel and Charlotte Randall, natives of this county. They have an adopted son, Carl, Avho is now seven teen years of age. Mr. Randall owns and operates a gristmill, almost one and one-half miles east of Canton. Mr. Lilley is a general farmer living on seventy acres of fertile land, and has his farm well stocked with Jerseys (registered). When twenty years of age he entered the army, in Company G, One Hundred and Twelfth Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery Volunteers, for a term of three years, of which he served two. He Avas Avounded in front of Petersburg, June 1, 1864, was honorably discharged, and now draws a pension. He is a member of the G. A. R. Post; the Church of Christ, at LeRoy, and also of the Grange Association, and has been honored with offices of trust by his fellow-citizens; politically he is a Republican. MIAL E. LILLEY, attorney and counselor at law, Canton, is a native of Canton township, this county, born May 30, 1850, a son of Eben and Emeline (Slade) Lilley, the former a native of Columbia township, the latter of Fall River, Mass. Eben Lilley was a farmer, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 973 and served a full term as treasurer of Bradford county, and died in October, 1890, in his seventy-sixth year; the mother died in 1872, in her fifty-seventh year. They were the parents of five children, of whom our subject is the fourth. He received his education in both public and private schools in his native place, and Avas a farmer-boy until nineteen years of age, when he went to learn the blacksmith's trade, in which employment he remained seven years, when the condition of his health made it imperative to seek other occupation ; so, while pounding hot iron, and vigorously thinking for himself, he decided to commence reading law, and in 1878 entered the law office of J. W. Stone, in Can ton, as a student of Blackstone and Coke-upon-Littleton. In 1880 he was an applicant, and having passed an examination successfully, he was licensed an attorney of the Bradford county bar, and, from that day to the present, has been actively engaged in his profession. He is recognized as strong on the " stump," and yet stronger in the councils of his party, and, as chairman of the Republican County Com mittee, he has carried the weight of heavy responsibilities; and, in times of unusual party disturbances, he has performed every duty with signal ability and fidelity. Here his labors have not only been responsible and pecuniarily profitless, but extremely onerous; but his presence and guidance have constantly been called for in every voting district in the county, and his prompt response to every demand has signalled every hour of the incumbency of his position. Compara tively a young man in both laAv and politics, he is yet Avell known as a leader. He married, in Liberty, Tioga Co., Pa., in' 1874, Mary, daugh ter of J. W. and Elizabeth (Irwin) Childs. Her father Avas a native of Clearfield, and her mother of Tioga county, and are residents of Cedar Run, Lycoming Co., where he is a lumberman. Mrs. Lilley was born August 24, 1856, and was the second in a family of eight chil dren. Five children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Lilley, of whom two are living, J. Roy and Floy, who, Avith their parents, worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Lilley is a member of Canton Lodge, No. 415, F. & A. M., Troy Chapter, No. 261, and Troy Com mandery, also of the I. O. O. F., Canton Lodge, No. 321, and has passed all the chairs. He was the nominee of bis party, in 1890, for the office of prothonotary of the county, but suffered defeat with his ticket, on account of divisions in the party. JACOB A. LINDERMAN, farmer, P. O. Troy, was born in Ithaca, N. Y., October 5, 1819, and is a son of Isaac and Elizabeth (Landon) Linderman, and of German descent. He was reared in Tompkins county, N. Y., and in 1839 removed to Bradford county, with head quarters at Canton, and operated the first threshing machine used in this county. In May, 1842, he married Olive M., daughter of David and Rachel (Hayden) Williams, of Troy township, and has had four children: Alvin K., James, Edith (Mrs. Thaddeus Wolfe) and George. Mr. Linderman has been a resident of Troy since 1842, and for thirty- four years lived on the farm he now occupies; has held the office of town commissioner six years in succession; politically he is a Democrat. DENTON G. LINDLEY, farmer, is a native of Canton township, this oounty, born September 28, 1844, a son of Solomon Lindley, who was 974 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. born in Rutland, Vt., August 22, 1809. The paternal grandparents were David and Ann (Brown) Lindley, natives of Vermont. David Lindley. moved to Cantontownship, this county, in 1812, where he died, in 1869, in his sixtieth year; his widow died in 1871, in her sixty -first year. Solomon Lindley, who still resides on the old homestead, was three years of age when his parents moved to this county; they settled near where East Canton now stands, Avhich Avas then a dense Avilderness, and they had to build a log cabin to put the sheep in at night, to protect them from Avolves; his father, David Lindley, opened the road from Canton to Ralston, and drove the first wagon oA^er it. Solomon Lindley was married in Danby, N. Y., in 1833, to Lavina, daughter of Jonas and Abigal (Knapp) Weed, natives of Connecticut. Jonas Weed was a soldier in the War of 1812. Mrs. Weed lived to the advanced age of one hundred and one years. Mrs. Lindley is the youngest in a family of eleven children, and Avas born in Connecticut, September 5, 1810. Denton G., who is the youngest in order of birth of five children, was reared on the farm where he now resides, receiving a common-school education, and has made farming and dairying his occupation, giving some attention to Jersey registered stock. He was married in Alba, this county, in 1866, to Egestie, daughter of Oliver and Lovina (Everhart) Wilson, natives of Canton township and Bucks county, Pa., respectively; she is the younger of two children, and was born in Alba, June 10, 1849. To Mr. and Mrs. Lindley were born four children : Carrie, Guy, Paul E. and Lottie. Responding to the call of his country, Mr. Lindley enlisted, August 20, 1861, in Company I, One Hundred and Sixth Regiment, P. V. L, and he participated in the following battles: Peninsular campaign, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Antie tam, Chancellorsville. At Cold Harbor, June 2, 1864, the day before the battle, while on picket duty, Gen. Owens, commander of the Second Corps, made a proposition to those on picket duty, that anyone who Avould burn a church, Avhere Rebel sharp-shooters were located, he would excuse from duty one month and promote to captain on his staff. Mr. Lindley succeeded in burning a church, about four o'clock p. m. that day (June 2, 1864). He was shot through the arm, next day, at the battle of Cold Harbor, and June 3 Avas sent to McClellan Hospital, Philadelphia, where he remained three months, and then rejoined his command, and served until the close of the Avar. While at the hospital Gen. Owens Avas transferred to another command, so he was never rewarded for his daring act of bravery. He Avas mustered out in Philadelphia, in August, 1865. He is a member of the G. A. R., Ingham Post, No. 91, and a member of the Union Veteran Legion; politically he is a Republican. SHELDON H. LINDLEY, county commissioner, Canton, was born in Canton, this countv, February 28, 1836, and is a son of Joseph and Lovina B. (Manley) Lindley. His paternal grandfather, David Lindley, was a native of Vermont, and a pioneer of Canton, settling on the farm now owned by Sheldon II. and Denton G. Lindley, Avhere he made considerable improvements, and died. His children were six in number, as follows: Cynthia (Mrs. Horace Stone), Joseph, Solo mon, Hiram, John and Celinda (Mrs. Simeon Powers). Of these, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 975 Joseph succeeded to a part of the homestead, and lived and died on the same farm. His wife was a daughter of Thomas and Betsy (Wright) Manley, by whom he had nine children, as follows : Char lotte (Mrs. Capt. James Ingham), Sheldon H., Hiram, Helen (Mrs. Charles Spalding), Lorena (Mrs. Chester Thomas, Jr.), Ann (Mrs. Bur ton Montgomery), Marion (Mrs. D. J. Manley), Eliza (Mrs. Addison Wilson), and Isadore (Mrs. Theron SAveet), all of whom are living; as are also the eleven children of Thomas Manley. The father added largely to the acreage of the old homestead, clearing and improving much of it, and died there in 1884. Sheldon H. Lindley, the subject of this sketch, succeeded him to the homestead, on which he has resided since 1865. He married, December 17, 1857, Josephine, daughter of Chester and Thankfull (Stevens) Thomas, of Canton, by whom he had six children, as follows : Helen (deceased), Fannie (Mrs. Edward Colwell), Thomas, Jozy, Chester, and Emma (deceased). Mr. Lindley is a member and trustee of the Presbyterian Church at Can ton, is now serving his second term as commissioner of Bradford countv, and in politics is a Republican. ANTHONY LODER, brewer, ToAvanda, was born in Wurtem berg, Germany, August 27, 1823, and is a son of Joseph and Josephine (Meyer) Loder. He was reared in his native province, where he learned the brewers' and malsters' trade. In 1852 he came to Amer ica, and in the spring of 1853 settled in Allentown, Pa., where he was in the employ of different breweries for several years, and in 1858-59 was in business for himself there ; in 1860 he removed to Towanda, Avhere he erected a brewery, and has since conducted a successful busi ness — manufacturing from 1,200 to 1,400 barrels of beer annually. In 1857 Mr. Loder married, in Allentown, Pa., Veronica Rother, formerly of Germany, by whom he has one son living, Anthony, Jr., born July, 1860, and married, in 1885, to Clara, daughter of Valentine Smith, of Dushore, Pa.; they have three children, viz.: Catherine, Veronica and Gertrude. Mr. Loder, Sr., married (for his second wife) Catherine Bing, of Dushore, Pa., by whom he has tAvo children, as follows : Mary and Annie. Mr. Loder and family are members of the Catholic Church ; in politics he is a Democrat. NATHAN LOEWUS, a prominent, leading dry-goods merchant, Towanda, was born in Bohemia, Austria, March 19, 1852, and is a son of Simon and Hannah (Sattler) Loewus. He Avas reared and educated in his native country, where he also learned the tanner's trade, and came to America in 1872, landing in New York City, where he worked at his trade two years, and later at Tunkhannock, Pa., five years. In 1879 he located at Towanda, where he engaged in the dry-goods and notion business, and later added a crockery department, in Avhich he successfully continued up to the fall of 1890. During the year 1890 he erected the Loewus Block, one of the finest buildings in Towanda, and, in October of the same year, embarked therein, in the dry-goods, carpet, cloak, and millinery business, and carries one of the largest and most select stocks to be found in Bradford county, occu pying two large floors to transact his business, and accommodate his large and increasing trade. Mr. Loewus was married, November 15, 976 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1874, to Hannah, daughter of Viet and Esther (Hermann) LoeAvy, of Bohemia, and has three children, viz.: Estelle, Bernard and Gertrude. Mr. Loewus is one of Towanda's enterprising and leading citizens, and is a member of the Jewish Synagogue and Jewish Society of New York, of the I. O. O. F. of Towanda, and in politics he is a Democrat. ALONZO LONG (deceased) was a native of Wilmington, Vt., born March 4, 1806, and died in this county in 1867. He was a son of Maj. Ezra and Lydia (Alford) Long, natives of Wilmington, who came to Troy, this county, about 1812. Maj. Long was engaged in the mer cantile, milling and distillery businesses, and built the " Troy House ;" Avas a prominent Freemason. Their family consisted of five sons and three daughters, two of whom, Philander and Ezra, received a classical education, Ezra graduating at Union College. Alonzo Long came with his family to Troy, then called Sugar Creek, when he was five years of age; he was a farmer, and was engaged in the saw and grist mills and real estate businesses. He was married in Athens, April 28, 1833, to Mary, daughter of Francis and Anna (McDuffee) Tyler, the latter of Avhom was born near Belfast, Ireland, and came to this county when three years of age. Francis Tyler Avas a native of Athens. He pur chased a tract of land near Athens, farmed and dealt extensively in lumber and rafting on the river; served as constable; also organized the first State Bank in Waverly ; he was presidential elector in the Taylor campaign. Mr. Tyler died in Athens in 1871, in his eighty- fifth year. Mrs. Mary Long was the eldest in a family of six children; Avas born in Athens, September 25, 1811, and died in Troy, March 16, 1890 ; she was a member of the Presbyterian Church, Troy. To Mr. and Mrs. Long were born seATen children, three of whom are living, as follows: Martha J., Frederick A. and Fannie E. F. Miss Martha J. Long removed from Troy to Athens in the fall of 1868, and is engaged in farming, gardening and horticultural Avork. Her extensive and elegant greenhouses are situated in the outskirts of the borough of Athens. MARTIN J. LONG, of Stevens & Long, wholesale and retail grocers, Towanda, was born in Burlington, this county, August 9, 1833, and is a son of John F. and Hannah L. (Merrick)^ Long. His paternal grandfather was James Long, a native of New England, and a pioneer of Burlington township, where he cleared and improved a farm ; he also kept a hotel, and resided in that township until his death ; his children were John F. and Nancy (Mrs. Isaac Cash). John F. succeeded to the hotel business of his father and also carried on a farm, became a prominent and representative citizen, and served two terms as associate judge Avith Hon. David Wilmot ; his children were five in number, as follows : Philander, Martin J., Mason, Celia and Albert. Martin J. Long, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Burlington, received an academical education, and began life as a teacher in the common schools. In 1853 he came to Towanda, where he was clerk in a general store two years. In 1856 he embarked in the general mer chandise business at Burlington Avith his father and brother, Philander, under the firm name of J. F. Long & Sons, which partnership existed up to 1866; from 1866 to 1870 it was known as Long Brothers. In HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 977 1867 Mr. Long located in ToAvanda, and engaged in the grocery busi ness with George L. Keeler under the firm name of Long & Keeler. In 1869 Mr. Keeler sold his interest to George Stevens, since which time the firm has been Ste\Tens & Long. Mr. Long is married and has two daughters. He is a member of the Universalist Church, has been school director of ToAvanda for twelve years, and is a Republican. FRANK LOOMIS, editor and proprietor of the Troy Register, Avas born in Troy township, this county, May 5, 1856, and is the eldest child and only son of Ed. E. and Louisa Loomis. The other children are Mrs. Jennie Fanning, wife of A. C. Fanning, Esq., and Miss Edith. His father Avas for many years a leading merchant of West Burlington and Troy, and is a descendant of one of the early settlers of Troy township, and his grandfather, Ely Loomis, originally came here from Connecticut. His mother, who died in 1876, was a daughter of Ira P. Ballard, also one of the early settlers of Troy township. Frank's boy hood was spent in West Burlington, where he attended the district school, and assisted his' father about the store, during vacations. After the family removed to Troy, he attended the graded school several terms, and afterward went into his father's dry-goods store as salesman. After serving several years as salesman, he was for about two years in partnership with E. S. Bailey and A. C. Fanning, in the dry-goods trade. In 1880, having a great liking for the printing business, he set up a job printing office, and in 1881 established the Troy Register, a Aveekly local paper, Avhich was Avell received by the people, and proved a success from the start. The paper Avas first printed on an old Washington hand-press, in a small room, but larger quarters and better facilities were soon needed. New machinery and material have been added at ATarious times, as the business grew, until January, 1891, when still more room was needed, and the fine large brick double store of the Enterprise Manufacturing Company was purchased, and the office moved into the same. The building is located on the corner of Canton and Railroad streets, and, Avith the excellent machinery and printing material, makes one of the finest country offices in the State. In 1878 Mr. Loomis married Miss Marie, daughter of Rev. Wm. W. Andrews, of Waverly, N. Y., and they have two sons, Edward and Ralph. HON. MILTON O. LOOMIS, farmer, P. O. East Troy, was born in Troy township, this county, January 28, 1843, a son of Ezra and Harriet (Pratt) Loomis. His paternal grandfather, formerly of Con necticut, settled in Avhat is now Troy township about 1803, locating on the farm noAv owned by his heirs and J. R. Vannoy, and cleared and improved the property, consisting of 175 acres, and resided there until his death in 1847. His wife was Mary Goddard, by whom he had nine children; Marilla (Mrs. P. C. Williams), Alvin, Eley, Orrin, Lucy (Mrs. George Fritcher), Harriet (Mrs. Gough), Caroline (Mrs. Leonard Upham), Ezra and Luther. His maternal grandparents were Asa and Celia (Leonard) Pratt, formerly of Massachusetts and pioneers of Can ton township, this county; his grandmother, Celia (Leonard) Pratt, Avas a daughter of Tilley Leonard, a pioneer of Burlington township. Ezra Loomis was born in Troy township, has ahvays folloAved farm ing as an occupation, and occupies a part of the old homestead, settled 978 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. by his father ; he served as commissioner of Bradford county one term, and also held various township offices. His children were : Mil ton 0., Lucian E., Gertrude, Florence (Mrs. L. F. Calkins), Helen (Mrs. Willis R. Smiley) and Arthur E. Milton O. Loomis, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Troy township, where he has always resided ; he received a common-school education, and has always fol lowed farming. He was married November 2, 1869, to Sarah, daughter of Adin and Sophia (Spear) Calkins, of Springfield township, and has two children : Grace and Clem A. In 1884, Mr. Loomis was elected one of the commissioners of Bradford county, and served one term of three years. In the fall of 1888 he was elected representative to the State Legislature from the Western District of Bradford county, and served Avith credit to himself and constituents. He is a Royal Arch Mason, and a member of the G. A. R. He enlisted in September, 1864, in Company K, Second New York (Harris' Light) Cavalry, and participated in the battles of Cedar Creek, Waynesboro, Harper Farm, Sailor Creek, Five Forks, Appomattox, and other engagements, and was honorably discharged as first corporal of his company, June 7, 1865 ; politically Mr. Loomis has alwavs been a stanch Republican. NOAH LOOMIS, farmer, of Granville township, P. O. Windfall, Avas born in Granville, this county, May 9, 1836, and is a son of John and Adeline (Haxton) Loomis. His paternal grandfather, Augustus Loomis, Avas a pioneer of Canton township, while his father, John, was a native of Gene\Ta county, N. Y., and an early settler of Granville township, this county, and cleared and improved the farm now owned by S. S. Packard, and died there in 1866. His children were Lydia (Mrs. Warren Bagley), Hannah (Mrs. Milo Webster), Seth, Noah, Sherman, John and Angeline (Mrs. Alpha Stone). Noah Avas reared in Granville, and cleared a part of the farm he now occupies, and made all the improvements in buildings. His Avife was Margaret, daughter of Silas and Sally (Ayres) Packard, of Canton township, by whom he had three children: Maude (Mrs. D. H. Stone), Cora and Lylis K. Mr. Loomis enlisted in the Civil War, in Company I, Fif teenth NeAV York Engineers, September 15, 1864, and after nine months' service Avas honorably discharged; he is a prominent farmer of Granville, and in politics is a Republican. SETH LOOMIS, farmer, Franklin township, P.O. West Franklin, was born in Canton, September 26, 1833, and is a son of John and Ade line (Haxton) Loomis, the former of whom Avas born in Genesee Valley, N. Y., and the latter near Boston, Mass. John Loomis is the son of Augustus, a native of New York State, who came to this county about 1806, when his son Avas ten years old ; he located in Canton on what is now called the " Sellard Place," owned by John Innes, and lived there until he died, in 1841. After his death his son removed to Granville, where, like his father, he followed farming; he resided in this township until his death, in 1866, dying in his sixty-fifth year. He had seven children — four sons and three daughters — all of Whom grew to maturity, and five of whom are now living. The sub ject of these lines is the second in the family, and always lived and worked on the farm ; he was reared and educated at Granville, where HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 979 he first began his farm life. He married, at Granville, in 1859, Miss Ann, daughter of Biglow and Martha Fenton, natives of Vermont, and there have been born to them seven children, viz.: Henry, married to Miss Mamie Flemming; Martha, married to Mr. DAvight Vroman; Rose, married to Chenie Preston; Marion H.; John ; Adeline and Eva May, all of Avhom are living. Mr. Loomis removed from Granville to LeRoy, and from LeRoy to Franklin, where he has lived the last four years. In 1862 he entered the army, in Company M, Seventh P. V. C, for the term of three years, and Avas discharged on account of disabilities, and noAv draws a pension ; he is a member of a G. A. R. Post. FRED LOWE, of Seward & Co., Sayre, is a native of Onondaga county, N. Y., and Avas born, March 16, 1853. His parents are John and Sarah (Hamilton) Lowe, the former a native of England, and the latter of New York State. His father is a miller and resides in Madi son county, N. Y. His great-grandfathers, Hamilton and Henry, were soldiers in the Revolutionary War. Fred Lowe, who is the fourth in a family of nine children, received a good common-school education, learned the machinist's trade, and worked at the carpenter's trade in his native county, Avhere he remained until 1875, Avhen he came to Sayre, and engaged in the planing-mill business, Avhich he has followed since. He was married in Canastota, N. Y., in 1875, to Miss Lizzie, daughter of Cornelius and Ellen Doyle, natives of Canada, Avhere she was born in 1858; she died in 1881, leaving one daughter, Edith. Mr. Lowe married again in Ulster, in 1885, his second Avife being Selia, daughter of Daniel and Mary (Taylor) Bump, natives of Pennsylvania. She is the fourth in a family of nine children, and Avas born December 30, 1859, and has one daughter. Bertha. Mrs. Lowe is a member ofthe Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. LoAveis a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No, 70 ; also belongs to the Iron Hall, and is a Republican." WILLIAM T. LOYD, farmer, LeRoy township, P. 0. West LeRoy, was born in Wayne county, Pa., February 19, 1835, a son of Anthony and Catherine (Howey) Loyd, natives of "Wayne county. Our subject came to this county Avith his aunt, Mrs. Jane (Howey) Quick, when three years old, making his home with her. He was educated in Wil mot, Bradford countv, and is a self-made man, having struggled with and conquered adversity in early life. He engaged in rafting on the Susquehanna river, but followed farming to some extent. On Decem ber 29, 1858, he married Arloa, daughter of Samuel and Christiana Dimock, at Towanda. Her father, a carpenter, has lived in this county since 1808, and is now eighty-four years of age, and resides with his daughter. To Mr. and Mrs. Loyd'were born two sons: Samuel D., born February 9, 1860, and W. N., born April 10, 1868. Mr. Loyd is a prosperous farmer, owning a tract of eighty -six acres, most of which is under cultivation. He is a Republican in politics, and is a member of the Patriotic Sons of America; is a member of the Methodist Epis copal Church. G. M. LULL, passenger conductor, Lehigh Valley Railroad, Sayre, is a native of Hartland, Windsor Co., Vt., and was born February 2, 980 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1841, the fifth in the family of seven children of Austin and Mary Ann (Kelly) Lull, natives of Vermont. The father, Avho was a hotel and livery stable keeper, died in Tunkhannock in 1882, in his seventy- sixth year ; the mother died in 1878 in her seventy-first year. The family removed to Tunkhannock in May, 1851, where our subject received his education in the city schools. He enlisted March 8, 1862, in Company B, Fifty-second P. V. I., and some of the many engage ments he participated in were the battles of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks), White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, and siege of Charleston, his regiment being the first troops to land in Charleston after the evacuation. He was mustered out at Beaufort, S. O, March 29, 1865, returned home, and attended Lowell's Commercial College at Binghamton, N. Y., about one year. Thence he went to Tunkhannock, and engaged in the hotel business two years ; from there he moved to Cape May with his brother-in-laAv Geo. J. Bolton, who had charge of the " Columbia House," and was there two seasons. Returning home he clerked in a hotel two years, and then went to Pittston, and Avas proprietor of a restaurant over a year. In 1873 he began work on the L. V. R. R. as brakeman, and was promoted to conductor on second-class trains in 1875, and continued as such until 1883, Avhen he was promoted to passenger conductor, which position he has held since. Mr. Lull Avas married in Tunkhannock, in 1861, to Miss Julia A., daughter of William and Parmelia (Mackey) Bolton. Mr. Bolton was editor and proprietor of the first paper published in Tunkhannock, Wyoming Co., Pa. Mrs. Lull is the fifth in a family of seven children. To the mar riage of Mr. and Mrs. Lull were born six children, as folloAvs: Ada B., George M., Jr., George E., Maud, May and M. Howard. Mrs. Lull is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Lull is a member of the F. & A. M., Temple Lodge, No. 248, Tunkhannock; of the Order of Railway Conductors, Waverly, and 13. P. 0. E., No. 109, of Wilkes- Barre He is a Democrat in politics. GEORGE LUNN, farmer, Windham township, P. O. Windham, is a native of that township, born March 4, 1836, a son of Jesse and Almira (Darling) Lunn, natives of Massachusetts, originally of Eng lish extraction, and of the agricultural class, who came to Bradford county, locating in Windham township, where they spent the remain der of their days, the mother dying in 1872, the father surviA'ing until 1880; they had a family of seven children, of Avhom George is the third. He grew to manhood on his father's farm, where there was an abundance of toil, and but few opportunities for education. He has successfully Avon his way in life, and resides on his farm of four acres, all of Avhich is highly cultivated and well impnwed. In 1864 he enlisted in the Union army in the Fiftieth Engineers, Company E, and Avith his command went at once to the front, and was busy building bridges for the Army of the Potomac. The seArere exposure brought on sickness and permanent ill health, and he is now the recipient of a pension. He served until the end of the war, and with the great army of civilian soldiers returned to his farm and its labors. Mr. Lunn Avas married, in Windham, to Emily A. Forrest, daughter of Daniel and Achsah (Ames) Forrest, of Massachusetts, and of this marriage there HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 981 are two children : Arthur J. and Frank J., both farmers. Mr. Lunn is a member of the G. A. R., Hurst Post, No. 86, and in politics is a Republican. The members of this family are highly respected by all. HIRAM D. LUTHER, farmer, P. O. Luther's Mills, was born May 19, 1849, on the farm where he now resides in Burlington township, and is a son of Myron and Phebe E. (Rundell) Luther, natives of Burlington, this oounty, born of old New England stock, of German origin. The father, who was a farmer and lumberman, was a son of the original settler of Burlington township, Enoch Luther, Avho Avas one of the pioneers of Burlington township, and after whom the village of Luther's Mills took its name ; he was a miller and one of the builders of the original mills at this place, having had charge of them many years ; was a soldier of the Revolution, and died at the age of sixty- three years. Myron Luther reared a family of three children, was a man of influence, and died at the age of sixty-two years. Our subject's mother's family were among the pioneer settlers of the township ; her grandfather Rundell was a pioneer Methodist preacher, and experienced the privations of a circuit rider of early days of Methodism. Hiram D. Luther was married in October, 1872, to Belle J. CraAvford, of She shequin, this county, born August 5, 1854, a daughter of John L. and Maria (McNickel) CraAvford, the former of New England origin, and the latter a native of Scotland. Mr. and Mrs. Luther have had six children, as follows: Fred. L., Helen M., Martin D., George E., Bessie B. and Laura P. He is the owner of a farm of seventy acres where he resides, and one of sixty-seven acres in Luther's Mills. He is one of the most successful growers of tobacco in the vicinity, his land being especially adapted to its growth ; he is one of the substantial and enterprising men of the community ; is a Republican and has held several offices of public trust. ROSWELL LUTHER, retired, Towanda, Avas born in Burlington, this county, December 12, 1820, and is a son of Enoch and Polly (Ben nett) Luther. The paternal grandfather, Elisha Luther, was a native of Massachusetts, and settled in Canton township (now Alba), this county, about 1793, where he purchased nearly four hundred acres of land, built a log house and made a clearing ; in 1812 he removed to Dayton, Ohio, and later to St. Joseph county, Ind., where he resided until his death. The maternal grandfather, Amos Bennett, came with his father, Amos, Sr., to Wyalusing, in 1783 ; in 1790 he removed to Avhat is now North Towanda township, where he cleared a farm, on which he resided until his death in 1839; his wife was Amy Wilcox, by whom he had six sons and two daughters. Enoch Luther, father of Roswell Luther, was a native of Gorham, Vt., and came to Bradford county with his parents, and removed Avith them to Dayton, Ohio, where he enlisted in the War of 1812. About 1816 he returned to Bradford county, and cleared a farm in Burlington township, on which he resided until his death. His children were Roswell, Enos B., David S., Myron, Hiram, Laura (Mrs. Elijah Granger), Amanda (Mrs. Benja min M. Clark), Elliott, Samantha (Mrs. Erastus L. Price), Mary (Mrs. David Strope), Ransom W., Angeline (Mrs. Stephen M. Clark), Ade laide (Mrs. L. F. Langford) and Burton K. Roswell Luther, who is 57 982 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the subject of this sketch, Avas reared in Burlington township and received a limited education in the common schools; he spent most of his life in his native town, Avhere he improved three farms, also engag ing in milling, lumbering and bridge-building, and Avas an active busi ness man. He married, in 1849, Rowena, daughter of Elisha and Han nah (Carpenter) Foster, of Burlington township, by whom he had two children : Mary (Mrs. James McDonald, deceased), and Helen (Mrs. Charles Mace). Mr. Luther is a well-knoAvn citizen of Bradford county, and has been a resident of Towanda since 1884; politically he is a Republican. HUGH M. LYNCH, dentist, Wyalusing, was born in German- town, April 29, 1840, a son of Robert and Mary (Tillman) Lynch, both of whom have been dead many years. The father, who was a gardener, had the following children : James, a lumber dealer in Phil adelphia ; William, a drover in Delaware county; George, a lumber merchant in Clinton county; Margaret, a dressmaker in Norristown ; Hugh M.; Sophia, married to Mr. Rosenberger, whom she survives ; Rebecca, Avith her sisters Sophia and Margaret, conducting a dressmak ing establishment at Norristown ; Robert, a lumber merchant in Clin ton county. Hugh M. Lynch received his English education in the public schools of Philadelphia, and in 1861 began the study of den tistry which he pursued until November 9, 1862, when he enlisted in Company C, Fifty-first P. V. I., of the Ninth Army Corps, serving faithfully through many long campaigns, and was present at Appo mattox. He received two gunshot-wounds at the battle of Weldon Railroad, one through the left foot, which sent him to the hospital for about four months; after his recovery he rejoined his regiment and served until August 27, 1865, when he Avas mustered out. After studying his profession a short time, he began the practice of the same at Phillipsburg, N. J., and Phcenixville, Pa., until 1882, when he there entered the PennsyhTania College of Dentistry, and was grad uated March 2, 1883. He resumed his practice at Phcenixville, remain ing there until 1888, when he removed to Philadelphia, and remained until April 15, 1890, when he came to Wyalusing, Avhere he has built up a paying practice. The Doctor was married, January 24, 1872, to Lucretia Ramsay, daughter of Samuel Ramsay, of Chester county, Pa., by whom he has five children : Mary E., Ida I., Delia O, Robert L. and H. Blair. He is a member of Josiah White Post, No. 15, G. A. R., of PhoenixA-ille, and also a member of the F. & A. M., Phcenixville. and has taken degree of K. T.; he is a member of the Lutheran Church and is a Republican. Dr. Lynch is a successful dentist, and has an office fully equipped for any kind of Avork. JERRY J. LYNCH, teacher, Rome, was born in Standing Stone township, this county, March 15, 1868, and is a son of John and Cath erine (O'Connor) Lynch, natives of County Clare, Ireland. His pater nal grandparents were Martin and Bridget (Hourigan) Lynch, and his great-grandparents were Patrick and Mary (Hough) Lynch; his maternal grandparents were Jeremiah and Bridget (McNertinv) O'Connor, and his great-grandparents were Philip and Han oral) (Collins) O'Connor, His grandfather, Jerry O'Connor, died in Cen- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 983 tralia, Pa., at the age of one hundred and three years. His father was a shoemaker by trade, but abandoned that calling, and set out to make his fortune in the New World, in 1860; he settled on a farm in Standing Stone, Avhere he remained twelve years, and then purchased a larger farm in Rome township, which he changed from a dense forest to a state of cultivation, and lived upon it until his death, which occurred May 8, 1881, at the age of sixty -nine years; Mrs. Lynch is still living on the old homestead, with her son, Michael. There were six Lynch brothers and one sister who immigrated to Bradford county, viz.: Michael, Patrick, James, John, Thomas, Catherine (who married Andrew Brennan), and Martin. John's family contained seven chil dren, four of whom Avere born in Ireland, viz.: Mary (deceased wife of John C. Cuffney, of Athens; she left one child, William, born April 6, 1883), Michael, Martin, Bridget (deceased), Bridget E., John J. and Jeremiah J. The last-named gentleman spent his boyhood on the farm, and attended school at the Rome Springs school-house. At thirteen he was left an orphan, with no means of supporting and edu cating himself, not even a robust physical constitution. In 1882 he secured a place in the family of A. J. Whitney, Avorking for his board, and attending school at the Rome graded school, and next year he was in the family of A. W. Woodburn. At fifteen he Avas granted a certificate to teach, and next year began teaching; he taught in all six terms, the last as principal of Rome graded school,- 1890-91. In the spring of 1891 he engaged with S. B. Nelson & Co., of Chicago, in the historical business. By teaching, and various other occupations, he Avorked his way through the Latin Scientific Course at the Susque hanna Collegiate Institute, and Avas graduated in 1889. His poor Irish parents had not the means of privileging their son an education, but they left him thoroughly imbued with the desire for education, and many noble Christian aspirations. Mr. Lynch has surmounted every difficulty, and commands the respect and love of all Avho "know him, and is one of the leaders in all educational matters in the county, having been chosen president of the Bradford County Teachers' Asso ciation Avhen but twenty years of age; in his religion he is a steadfast Catholic, and his political views are decidedly Democratic. THOMAS P. LYNCH, proprietor of the " Cummiskey House," Towanda, Avas born April 14, 1860, a son of Martin and Mary (Doherty) Lynch, natives of Ireland. His father came to America in 1856, and worked on the canal, and later engaged in farming in Rome township; aftenvard in Standing Stone township, where he died, January 3, 1879. In his father's family there were eight children: Bridget, married to Michael Scanned, employed by the Lehigh Valley Railroad at Towanda, and has five children; John, died at two years of age; Thomas P., the subject of this sketch ; Martin E., fireman on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, at Sayre; James F., brakeman on the Union Pacific, at Sprague, Wash.; Michael J., employed by the Lehigh Val ley Railroad, at Buffalo; Mary C. and Peter J., the two last men tioned living Avith their mother on the old homestead in Standing Stone toAvnship. Thomas P. began, life for himself at fourteen, and worked for M. H, Laning on a farm, where he remained .five years, 984 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and, after one year spent at home, engaged in lumbering on the West branch, where he remained three years, then returned home and stayed there three years ; then was employed on the G. I. & S. R. R., about a year; then took charge of D. C. Dewitt's livery stable at Towanda for two years ; Avas employed as foreman by the Lehigh Val ley Railroad Company about two years, and afterward embarked in his present occupation, where he is doing a good, thriving business. He married, May 11, 1887, Elizabeth, only daughter of Michael and Julia (Hurley) Collum, natives of New York, and of Irish brigin. This union has been blessed with two children; Kate, born July 5, 1888, died April 9, 1889, and Matthew, born February 6, 1890, at Ricketts Station, and was the first child born at that place. Mr. and Mrs. Lynch are members of the Roman Catholic Church, and though he has been identified with the Democratic party, he votes purely on principle. GEORGE F. LYON, furniture manufacturer, Athens, is a native of Athens, this county, and was born May 1, 1854, a son of Frederick R. and Nancy (White) Lyon, the former a natiAre of Connecticut, and the latter of Liberty, N. Y. The father, who was a furniture dealer and undertaker, was born February 26, 1884; his widow survives. George F. Lyon, who is the eldest in a family of four children, served an apprenticeship at the cabinet-making trade, from the time he was sixteen until he was twenty-one years of age, and remained with his father until 1876; when they began the manufacture of furniture, under the firm name of F. R. Lyon, Son & Co. On June 17, 1885, the factory burned, and they moved to Waverly, N. Y., where the factory has been since located. In 1883 the firm name was changed to Hall & Lyon. They make fine and medium grade chamber suits, and employ about 100 men. OLIVER D. LYON, cabinet-maker, Towanda, Avas born in Law- rence\Tille, Tioga Co., Pa., December 1, 1835, a son of Frederick R. and Mary H. (Rood) Lyon, and comes of Pilgrim stock. He Avas reared in Chemung county, N. Y., and Bradford county, Pa., and has resided in the latter county since 1846. His father, who was a native of Connecticut, and a cabinet-maker by trade, died in Athens, this county, in 1885 ; his children Avho grew to maturity were nine in number, as follows : Oliver D., Elizabeth (Mrs. George Morgan), Susan (Mrs. Leon Hoyt), Clara (Mrs. Hemingway), EdAvard, George, Charles, Frank and John. Of these 01ivrer D. received a high-school education at Syracuse, N. Y., also at Athens, Pa., and learned the cabinet-maker's trade with his father at Athens. He worked as apprentice and jour neyman eleven years prior to the war, and April 22, 1861, enlisted in Company F, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves (Thirty-fifth Regiment in the line), and by reason of re-enlistment was honorably discharged at Bristol Station, Va., February 11,1864; on February 12, same year, he re-enlisted in Company F, One Hundred and Ninety-first, P. V. V. I., and was honorably discharged, June 28, 1865, the war having closed. He participated in all of the principal battles of the Army of the Potomac (not including Chancellorsville), except while he was a pris oner of war, and Avas on the skirmisTi line at Lee's surrender; he was captured on the skirmish line, at North Anna River, May 24, 1864, and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 985 was confined in the prisons at Libby, Danville, Andersonville, Savannah and Milan ; was paroled, NoA'ember 24, 1864, exchanged, December 6, 1864, and rejoined his regiment in front of Petersburg in February, 1865. Since the Avar he has followed his trade of cabinet-maker, and been a resident of Towanda. Since August, 1871, he has been contin uously in the employ of one firm. Mr. Lyon was married, August 16, 1865, to Harriet A., daughter of Julius and Freelove (Lyon) Morgan, of Allegany county, N. Y., and has had ten children, viz.: Mary F., Frederick (died in infancy), LeRoy, Walter, Charles, Edward, Robert, Susan, Richard and Maud. Mr. Lyon is a prominent member of the G. A. R., and is one of the charter members of Watkins Post, No. 68, Department of Pennsylvania, at Towanda, and has held every office in the Post, from commandant down, and is now adjutant, >vhich position he has held three years; and is also a member of the Union Veteran Legion, Encampment No. 28, Athens, Pa. He has been a member of the Franklin Fire Company, of Towanda, since 1856 ; is also a member of the K. of L., and politically he is a Republican. SAMUEL LYON, retired farmer and capitalist, East Towanda, was born in Seekonk, Mass., September 28, 1807, and is a son of Samuel and Olive (Perry) Lyon, natives of Massachusetts and of New England origin ; his grandfather, great-grandfather and great- great-grandfather were all named Samuel Lyon. In his father's family there were four sons and four daughters, viz.: Benjamin (deceased), Nancy (deceased), Olive (deceased), Samuel, Amy (deceased), George (a retired farmer, Owego, N. Y.), Cynthia (widow of Elijah Reed, and living with her son in East Greenwich, R. I.), and Ezra P. (who is very Avealthy, and is living a retired life in Providence, R. I.). Samuel, who Avas reared on the farm and educated in the common school, began life for himself at the age of seventeen, work ing a turning lathe, which he folloAved two years, and then went to work in a machine shop in Slatersville, R. I., where he remained four years. In 1830 he came to Bradford county, and located in Warren township, buying 200 acres of land from Cyrus Grant for $1.50 per acre. This farm he reduced from a dense forest to an excellent state of cultivation, and lived thereon thirty-two years ; then sold it to his brother, Benjamin. After living in Potterville one and one-half years, he purchased the Belding farm, north of LeRaysville, where he lived nine years, and then removed into LeRaysville and lived there eight years, after which he removed to his present home, Avhich he purchased of E. C. Gridley. Mr. Lyon was married, September 23, 1830, to Miss Asenath P., daughter of Howlen Slade, of Slatersville, R. I., and of English-Quaker origin. Their family consisted of two children: Samuel, born May 15, 1833 (was a dry -goods merchant in Owego, and died December 21, 1872, leaving one child, Carrie); Caro line C., born November 27, 1835 (Avas married to James Elsbree, of Windham, who died, leaving two children: John F. (deceased), and Nelson N.. of Orwell; she married, for her second husband, S. N. Bronson, of Orwell). Mrs. Asenath P. (Slade) Lyon died August 23, 1843, and Mr. Lyon married, July 11, 1844, Hannah H., daughter of Noah and Alice (Taylor) Makinson, natives of England. By this 986 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. union there were three children: William M., born February 6, 1851, died March 2, 1851; Margaret A., born November 8, 1852, married Henry I. Hutchinson, of Pike; and Sarah Ann, born October 22, 1854, married Percival P. Watson, with whom she lived but one year (they had one child, Alice H., born March 24, 1877; Sarah Ann and her daughter are now living with Mr. Lyon, at East Towanda). The Lyon family are all connected with the Presbyterian Church, and in politics are Republicans. S. W. LYON, of the firm of Lyon & Watts, dealers in groceries, queensware, boots and shoes, Canton, is a native of Armenia township, this county, born August 25, 1840, a son of William and Rachel (Scouten) Lyon, natives of DelaAvare county, N. Y. The father Avas a farmer, and died at Canton in 1886, in his sixty-third year ; the mother still survives and resides in Canton. Mr. Lyon, Avho is the second in a family of five children — three sons and two daughters — Avas reared in his native place, went to Sylvania where he resided two years, from there to Ward township, Tioga Co., Pa., where he remained until 1877, when he removed to Towanda, and ran the stage line between ToAvanda and Canton for four years, then moved to Canton and engaged in his present business, in August, 1881, with W. L. Seldon. On January 8, 1891, the firm changed to Lyon & Watts. In December, 1871, in Troy, Mr. Lyon married Laura, daughter of DeWitt and Clarinda (Wood) Morgan, natives of Connecticut and this county, respectively (she was born in Armenia township in July, 1856, and is the third in order of birth in a family of seven children — three sons and four daughters). To Mr. and Mrs. Lyon Avere born three children: Lewis, Walter and Ralph. Mrs. Lyon is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically Mr. Lvon is a Democrat. ISAAC LYONS, retired farmer and mill-owner, P. O. Aliis Hol low, Avas born in Sheshequin, this county, December 1, 1815, and is a son of John and Jemima (Horton) Lyons, the former of whom was born in September, 1875, in the first house built in Ithaca, N. Y.; he was married at the age of twenty-eight, and came at once to this county, his wife being a daughter of Richard Horton. The father Avas a farmer and lumberman, and had a family of eight children, viz.: Isaac, Richard (died April 10, 1859), John, Elizabeth (married toMahu Horton), Rachel (married to John Bish), Anna J. (married to Christ mas Hanesworth), Diana (married to Alonzo Barns) and Mahala (mar ried to F. M. Maynard). Isaac Lyons spent his boyhood in Standing Stone, attended the district schools, his first teacher being Abraham Westbrooks ; he remembers the building of the first school-house, which was erected when he was aged ten years. He improved over 200 acres of land, and now owns about 400 acres; he has always owned his own sawmill, Avhich has stood on the spot it now occupies about forty-three years. He commenced his struggle with fortune, with no capital except good health, strong arms and a stout heart, and has an ample fortune. Mr. Lyons was united in marriage, November 12, 1837, with Minerva, daughter of Reuben and Sarah (Norton) Grif fin, and to them have been born three children, viz.: Adelbert G., born in 1838, died in infancy; Sarah, born June 9, 1843, married to Joseph HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 987 Tuttle [see sketch of Joseph W. Tuttle] ; Angenora, married to George Aliis. Mrs. Lyons died March 7, 1872, since which time the daughter has kept the household. Mr. Lyons is in faith with the Universalist Church ; is a member of the National Grange, and of the F. & A. M. Politically he is a Republican, and has been constable and collector, assessor and school director. In 1861 he was elected county commis sioner. Mr. Lyons has always beeh a careful and conscientious busi ness man, and made his fortune by the slow and sure way of hard labor, not by speculation; is scrupulously honest, and is probably as well known as any resident of this county, and commands the respect and esteem of all. HUGH McCABE, farmer and stock-grower, P. O. North Rome, is a leading farmer of Rome township, and of the county. He was born in County Monaghan, Ireland, May 8, 1831, and is a son of George and Nancy (Donaldson) McCabe. His boyhood he spent on a farm in Ireland, attending schools of his native county, where he received a good knoAviedge of the common branches. He came to this county in 1849, and worked for his brothers, James and George, on the farm he now occupies ; then rented the farm and Avorked it five years, when he purchased it, and now owns about 290 acres, well improved ; the house, which contains fifteen rooms, was built in 1868 ; he has culti vated about 150 acres, and the farm is well-stocked, in fact one of the best in the township. He enlisted, September 5, 1864, in Company K, Fifteenth New York Volunteer Engineers, serving until the close of the war, being discharged June 13, 1865 ; then returned home and resumed farming. He Avas united in wedlock, May 12, 1853, with Harriet P., daughter of James and Katie (Vasbinder) Layton, of this county, whose family comprised seven children, of whom Mrs. McCabe is the sixth. Our subject and wife have been blessed with eight children, viz.: Ma,ry E., born April 2, 1854, married in June, 1883, to Reuben Horton; Levi, born March 12, 1856, married to Clara J. Stoll; Harrison R., born August 27, 1858, married to Sidney Brainard ; Olin, born February 3, 1862, married to Fannie Harvey, August 22, 1883 ; William J., born June 7, 1865, married to Lottie A. Russell, January 20, 1886; George L., born August 19, 1867, married to Anna Bush, September 24, 1888; Cora E., born October 11, 1872, and Lester H., born June 22, 1876. Mr. McCabe is a member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A: R., of Rome; is a Republican, and has been called by his friends and neighbors to fill various township offices. Mr. McCabe, from a poor, struggling lad, has developed into a wealthy and highly respected citizen. JAMES McCABE, grocer, Towanda, was born in Anaghan, County Monaghan, Ireland, April 8, 1816, and is a son of George and Rosa (Stockdale) McCabe. He was reared in his native place and Avith two brothers and a sister — George, William and Elizabeth — came to America in 1836. He spent one year in Philadelphia, and in "1837 came to Bradford county, Avhere, in 1839, he purchased a farm in Rome township, which he cleared and improved, and on which he resided until 1853 ; then removed to Towranda, where for twelve years he was the proprietor of the principal meat-market in the place. After again engaging in 988 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. farming tAvo years, in Rome township, he returned to Towanda in 1867, and embarked in the grocery business, in which he has since continued. In 1839 he married Polly, daughter of Rev. Joseph and Amelia (Pratt) Towner, of Rome, this county, by Avhom he had four children, as follows : Joseph G. (deceased), Rosa (Mrs. John N. Califf), Elizabeth A. and Joseph T. (deceased). Mr. McCabe is a prominent grocer of Towanda, and one of its most enterprising citizens. He is a member of the Episcopal Church, and has served ten years as councilman of Towanda borough, and three years as burgess; politically he is a Republican. RICHARD McCABE, farmer and stock-grower, in Rome town ship, P. O., North Rome, was born in County Monaghan, North Ire land, January 5, 1834, and is a son of George and Nancy (Donaldson) McCabe, natives of that country. His father was twice married, and by his first wife, Rosa (Stockdale), he had four children : James (of Towanda), George (deceased), William and Elizabeth ; by his second wife were Hugh [see sketch of Hugh McCabe], Mary (died in Ireland) and Richard. The father was a farmer during the latter portion his life, but had learned, and for many years had worked at, the weaver's trade; he died when Richard was about six months old. When Richard was about fifteen years old, he accompanied his mother and Hugh to the United States, and came at once to Rome township, where James and William had already located, prior to his immigration. George and Elizabeth lived in Philadelphia, Pa. He had attended public schools in Ireland, also the public schools of Rome township, and secured a good common-school education ; he worked for and resided with his brother, William, one year; then worked by the month for different men, until the fall of 1854, when he rented a sawmill, Avhich he operated until 1859, when he purchased the farm he now lives on ; the first piece comprised seventy -three acres, and afterward he bought other land, making in all in the farm 160 acres. He cleared and improved the land, and converted the trees into lumber. The present house, built in 1883, is a modern building, handsomely finished inside and contains seventeen rooms. Mr. McCabe is one of the model farmers. He enlisted August 18, 1862, in Company I, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., being the last man to enlist in that company ; he made a good military record, and served until October 19, 1864, when he was discharged on account of disability accruing from a gun shot wound received at the battle of Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863 ; the ball, Avhich he still preserves, struck him in the arm, close to the wrist, ranged upward and lodged near the bone, close to the elbow, where it was cut out ; he was in the hospitals many weeks, and was at last discharged, having so far recovered as to be able to return home, but the wound permanently disabled him. He was promoted to corporal, January 2, 1863, and to sergeant, January 1, 1864. Returning home he resumed farming. He is one of the charter members of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R., has held different offices in the Post, but holds none at present time. Mr. McCabe was united in wedlock, July 3, 1860, with Almira Towner, daughter of Philander and Clarissa (Davidson) Towner, of Rome township, this county ; she was born February 23,. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 989 1836, the second in a family of nine children. To Mr. and Mrs. McCabe have been born six children : Joseph G., born October 21, 1861 ; Ella M., born May 5, 1863, married to J. K. Drake, December 3, 1884 ; Douglass T., born October 7, 1865, died October 2, 1868; Clara V., born August 3, 1869; Berton R., born September 6, 1871 (is a teacher); Lannie T., born November 4, 1877. In his political views, he is a stanch Republican, and has held various township offices. Mr. McCabe with nothing but industry and determination, and out of the wilderness, has carved himself a home, Avith no assistance, except that of his faithful and devoted Avife. He has a beautiful home, surrounded by a loArely family, and is enjoying the esteem and respect of all who knew him. WILLIAM W. McC AIN, merchant, Stevensville, Avas born February 15, 1844, in Auburn township, Susquehanna Co., Pa., a son of Joseph H. and Sarah L. (Ribble) McCain, natives of New Jersey, and of Dutch and Irish descent. Joseph H. McCain was one of the pioneers of Auburn township, where he settled about the year 1837, coming from New Jersey. He began in theAvoods, and felled the tree whose stump served as a table for the family during the first year of his pioneer life ; he taught school seven years, and then engaged in farming twenty-five years, during which time he Avas a justice of the peace ; served one term as register and recorder of Susquehanna county, and then embarked in mercantile business in Montrose, as a member of the firm of Baldwin, Allen & McCain, Avhich lasted six years, and is now living a retired life at Rush, Pa. In his family there Avere five chil dren, of whom William W., the third in order of birth, was educated in the common schools, also at Montrose Academy, and the State Nor mal school at Millersville, Pa.; began life for himself at the age of twenty-three, teaching one year. In 1868 he became a member of the ¦firm of Weeks, Faurot & McCain, dealers in dry goods and general merchandise at Montrose, where he remained three years ; then read law six months with J. B. & A. H. McCollum, of Montrose, and engaged in the insurance business with Henry C. Tyler, with whom he remained two years ; then did business for his mother two years,' and in 1873 engaged in mercantile business Avith his brother, S. B. McCain, in Rush, Avhere he remained eleven years ; sold his interest and purchased the general mercantile business of Minot Riley, at Springville, at which place he remained five years. In 1890 he located in his present place of business, where he has a very large and growing trade in all kinds of merchandise and produce. Mr. McCain was mar ried February 15, 1879, to Orpha A., daughter of Henry and Elizabeth (Melhuish) Granger, natives of Vermont and England, respectively, and they have three -children : L. Bruce, born December 27, 1879 ; William Arthur, born April 22, 1882, and Mildred Lenoir, born Janu ary 17,1887. Mr. McCain Avas first-lieutenant in the first company of the Seventh Division of National Guards, and was elected captain, but never took out his commission ; he was also an honorary member of the "Rough and Ready" Fire Company, of Montrose. He is a fre quent contributor to literary and sporting journals, is an ardent life long sportsman, and an earnest advocate of wise game legislation and 990 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. game protection. Politically he is in strong sympathy with the Republican party. C. A. McCALLUM, photographer, Athens, is a native of Orleans county, N. Y., and is a son of John and Mary (Moore) McCallum, natives of New York. His father, who Avas a farmer, Avas born December 18, 1810, and died in Paw Paw, Mich., December 18, 1890; his wife survives, and is in her seventy-fifth year. Our sub ject, who is the sixth in a family of eight children, followed farming some time, and clerked in a store about one year. In 1876, he began an apprenticeship at the photographer's trade, and was in this business one and a half years at Portville, N. Y., then sold his gallery and went to Olean, N. Y., and worked there one year; then traveled on the road four years for the Union View Company, of New York. He came to Athens, September 17, 1883, and opened his gallery, October 11, the same year. His reputation as a photographer is well and favorably known. He was married in Waukegan, 111., in July, 1878, to Miss May, daughter of Rev. Benjamin and Saphire E. (Norton) Brunning, the former a native of England, the latter of Vermont. Mr. Brunning is a Universalist minister, and preached at Athens two years. Mrs. McCallum is a native of Canada, and is the youngest in a family of three children. They have an adopted daughter, Clara Winifred ; they are members of the Equitable Aid Union and the International Alliance, and Mr. McCallum is president of the former, and treasurer of the latter ; in politics he is a Republican. JAMES McCARTY, a prominent farmer of Ulster township, P.O. Ulster, was born in Muncy, Lycoming Co., Pa., November 3, 1821, a son of Silas and Martha (McAfee) McCarty, natives of the same place ; the father was of Scotch and German descent; the grandparents came to Muncy from near Philadelphia, and were among the early pioneers. His maternal grandfather was a major at the battle of Black Rock, in the War of 1812. The son received his schooling at Muncy, until he was twelve years old. In May, 1832, his father removed to the Maumee Valley, Ohio, and in August of that year died, and the family returned to Muncy, reaching there in September of the same year; and next spring they removed to Wysox, their present home. The family consisted of six children, viz. : William, James, John, Francis, Martha and Mary, of whom four survive; William and Francis are deceased. James married Sarah J. Baker, October 7, 1863, in New York State, a daughter of Daniel Baker, and the fruits of this mar riage were two children, Mary and Daniel, the latter of whom married Mary Sullivan. Mrs. McCarty died in October, 1867, and in 1871 Mr. McCarty married Louisa, daughter of Jobs Lyons, of Bradford county ; one child, Jennie, came to bless this union. His mother married a second time, and the son took care of her and her husband, in their declining years, and afterward paid off the mortgage notes and acquired the old homestead, on which he had always resided. The farm consists of about 200 acres of fine river land, and is well improved, and under a high state of cultivation. He is independent in his religious vieAvs, but his family are members of the Presbyterian Church ; politically he has always been identified with the Democratic HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 991 party, and held the office of postmaster at Ulster over thirty years. He assisted in clearing seventy acres of the farm he now owns, sawing the logs into lumber and rafting them down the river. He is among the oldest men of this county, and has been eminently successful in bis business; has acquired a beautiful home with an independent fortune, and, surrounded with an accomplished and interesting family, is now prepared to enjoy the fruits of his early toils and privations. A. D. McCRANEY, chief of police, Canton, is a native of Otsego county, N. Y., born September 7, 1838, a son of Samuel and Nancy (Allen) McCraney, natives of New York. His father was a black smith, and died at LeRoy, this county, in 1852 ; his mother died in 1883, in her eighty-ninth year. Mr. McCraney is the youngest in a family of eleven children — eight sons and three daughters; he was reared in his native place until five years of &ge, and then came Avith his family to LeRoy, this county; he farmed, and also followed lum bering, until March, 1875, when he removed to Canton, and engaged in the hotel business, for some time. In 1879, he was appointed chief of police, and has held the position since, with the exception of three months. He married, in LeRoy, in 1858, Dinette, daughter of Eli and Harriet (Bailey) Holcomb, natives of this county and Connecticut, respectively; her father was a farmer, and died at the advanced age of ninety years; she is the third in a family of seven children, all of whom grew to maturity. To Mr. and Mrs. McCraney have been born three children, as follows : Collis, married to Fannie Williams ; Samuel, married to Charlotte Masters, and Emma, Avife of Asa Stull. Mr. McCraney enlisted in September, 1864, in Company I, Fifteenth New York Engineers, served until the close of the war, and was mustered out in New York, in July, 1865. He is a member of the F. & A. M., Monroeton Lodge, and politically he is a Democrat. HENRY W. McCRANEY, county commissioner, Towanda, was born in Oneonta, Otsego Co., N.Y., September 26, 1835, and is a son of Samuel and Nancy (Allen) McCraney, who settled in LeRoy toAvn- ship, this county, in 1843, and in 1846 began a settlement on South mountain, known as the "McCraney settlement," and cleared and improved the first farm on the mountain, which is now owned by this gentleman; later, they remoA'ed to the valley in LeRoy township, and died there. Samuel McCraney was twice married. His first wife wasMarie Smith, by whom he had seven children, Adz.: John (deceased), Marie (Mrs. Harvey Smith, deceased), Sallie (Mrs. Jesse Robart), William, and James (deceased), Polly (Mrs. Mathew Mott) and Samuel. For his second wife he married Nancy Allen, by whom he had four children, viz.: Thomas A., Henry W., David M. (deceased), and A. Douglas. Henry W. McCraney was reared in LeRoy toAvnship, from eight years of age, and received a common-school education, and in early manhood taught school several terms. In 1868 he located in Barclay, this county, Avhere he was engaged in lumbering, contracting and building, until 1875, when he was appointed superintendent of the ToAvanda Coai Company, by the Erie Railroad Company, which position he held five years. He was also elected a justice of the peace for Barclay town ship three successive terms, and held other minor offices in the town- 992 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ship. In 1880 he returned to LeRoy township, where he has since been engaged in farming and lumbering. In 1862 he married Julia A., daughter of Albert and Sarah (Andrews) Barnes, of Granville, this county, formerly of Connecticut, by whom he had nine children, viz.: Elnettie, Albert B., Clarence A., Elizabeth N., H. DeWitt, Lottie O, Roderick M., Julia A. and H. Wesley. Mr. McCraney is a member of the I. O. O. F. Encampment, and K. of H. In 1878 he was the candi date of his party for the office of county treasurer, but was defeated. In 1885 he was appointed postmaster at LeRoy, this county, under Cleveland's administration, which he held about four years. In 1890 he was elected to the office of county commissioner by a large majority. In April, 1891, he moved to Towanda, Pa., where he now resides; in politics he is a Democrat. ALBERT B. McCRANEY, liveryman, at Towanda, Pa., was born in LeRoy township, this county, July 6, 1865, and is a son of Henry W. and Julia A. (Barnes) McCraney. His paternal grandfather, Samuel McCraney, formerly of Otsego county, N. Y., settled in LeRoy toAvnship, about 1842. The maternal grandfather was Albert Barnes, a native of Connecticut, and an early settler of Granville, this county. Henry W., father of this subject, Avas reared in LeRoy township, where he has been engaged in farming and lumbering for the past ten years. He was for fifteen years a resident of Barclay township, where for ten years he was a jobber for the Towanda Coal Com pany, and five years general foreman. He is noAv one of the com missioners of Bradford county, to which office he was elected in 1890. The subject of these lines was reared in LeRoy township, and received a common-school education, and after attaining his majority, engaged in farming and lumbering, until December, 1890, when he and Clarence A. purchased the livery of D. C. DeWitt, of Towanda, Pa., and are doing a successful business, under the firm name of McCraney Bros. They are both members of the I. O. O. F. and P. O. S. of A., and in poLtics are Democrats. JAMES McDONALD, retired farmer, Burlington, Avas born September 15, 1844, in Ulster township, Bradford Co., Pa., a son of James and Mary (McNamee) McDonald, natives of County Cavan, Ireland, who removed to America when young married people, and set tled in Newark, N. J. About the year 1838, they came to Bradford county, where the father engaged in farming, which he followed the remainder of his life. He resided some years in Ulster, and then moved to Sheshequin, where he died at the age of eighty-four years, and his wife at the age of seATenty-six. Their family consisted of three children — two sons and one daughter. James McDonald, the subject of these lines, was reared on the farm ; at the age of eighteen was ap prenticed to the trade of miller, but when twenty he enlisted in Company H, Twelfth New York Cavalry, and at once joined the Army of North Carolina. He was under fire several times, was taken pris oner at Kingston, N. O, confined in Libby prison, and was not released until the termination of hostilities ; his only brother, Robert, Avas a member of the First New York Veterans. At the close of the war Mr. McDonald engaged in milling in Sheshequin, which business he HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 993 continued until about 1880. He came to Burlington in 1868, and Avas in the mills at Luther's Mills about twelve years, when he commenced agriculture,, and he now owns a nice farm of sixty acres. Mr. McDon ald was married July 14, 1869, to Mary Luther, of Burlington, born in 1851, a daughter of Roswell Luther, now of Towanda. To them were born three children : Roswell, born August 8, 1870 (he enlisted in the U. S. Army, March 28, 1891, and went to Jefferson barracks, where he was trained as a soldier ; from there he Avas sent to Fort Reno, Okla homa Territory, and died October 7, 1891); Marion A., born July 8, 1873, and Robert, born March 21, 1881. The mother died May 13, 1885. Mr. McDonald is a pensioner, owing to the loss of health incurred in the service of his country, and in 1889 he was obliged to retire from his farm, moving to Burlington borough, Avhere he now resides. He is a Republican in politics, and has been several terms treasurer of the toAvnship. MICHAEL J. McDONOUGH, machinist, Sayre, was born in Scran ton, Pa., January 26, 1862, and is a son of John and Margaret (Flannery) McDonough, natives of Ireland. The subject of this sketch was reared and educated in the city of his birth, and at seventeen commenced an apprenticeship at the machinist's trade, in Dickson's Locomotive Works, Scranton, where he remained four years ; he then came to Sayre, where he has since been engaged in his trade in the Lehigh Valley Railroad shops at that place. He was married to Miss Anna, daughter of Luke and Mary (Warren) McGraw, of Waverly, N. Y., and to them haAre been born two children: Agnes, born September 4, 1884, and Gertrude, born November 6, 1887. Mr. and Mrs. McDonough are members of the Roman Catholic Church at Sayre; in politics he takes no active part, but rather devotes his entire attention to his trade, and it may be truly said of him that he is a complete master of his art. THEODORE L. McFADDIN, farmer, P. 0. Granville Centre, Avas born in Lewisburg, Union Co.. Pa., June 2, 1841, a son of William W. and Harriet (Loushbaugh) McFaddin, and is of Irish and Dutch descent. He Avas reared in his native county, until twelve years of age, Avhen he went to Williamsport, where he served an apprenticeship of four years at the confectioners' trade, after Avhich he worked at the business as a journeyman until the breaking out of the Civil War. In October, 1861, he enlisted in Company G, Eighth Pennsylvania Cav alry, and served until May 25, 1865, when he was honorably discharged. He participated in all the engagements of the Army of the Potomac, and was wounded in his right arm at the battle of Reams Station. After his discharge he returned to Williamsport, and in 1872 settled in Granville township, this county, where he has since been engaged in farming and poultry business. In 1870 he married Julia, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Gamble) Babb, of Babb's Creek, Tioga Co., Pa., and has one son, Louis T. Mr. McFaddin is a member of the F. & A. M., Union Veteran Legion, G. A. R. and K. of P.; politically he is a Democrat. EDWARD O.' MACFARLANE, president of the Citizens' National Bank, Towanda, and superintendent of the Barclay Railroad and the Long Valley Coal Company, is a son of the late James Macfarlane, of 994 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. whom it is no disparagement to the eminent men of Bradford county, to say that he will take his place in history as pre-eminent, for in the varied walks of his busy life, laAvyer, scholar, geologist, scientist and author, he has left his indelible footprints. Edward O. Macfarlane is the eldest of six children of James and Mary (Overton) Macfarlane; the latter was a daughter of Edward Overton, Sr., and a native of Towanda. Their other children are: Graham Macfarlane, of Louis ville, Ky.; James R. Macfarlane, attorney, of Pittsburgh; Ella, Mrs. William Little, of Towanda; Mary (Mrs. E. J. Angle) and Eugenia. The son, reared in such a family, had far more than the average advan tages in the start of life. The surroundings were gentle and refined, and the parents had that high order of culture that must impress itself upon even its associates in the outer world, and far more so, of course, on the loved ones beneath the family roof-tree. Our subject Avas born March 24, 1849, in Bloomfield, Perry Co, Pa., and came to Towanda when two years old, and passed through the public schools and thence to college, where he enjoyed the best advantages, and left, in 1864, to enter the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, as midshipman, where he remained until 1869, when he was graduated; he resigned from the navy in October, 1871, at the time as ensign, and soon thereafter became engaged in the wholesale coal trade, in Elmira, and from there removed to Rochester, and was in this business and prosecuted it successfully, until 1879, when he became connected with the Long Valley Coal Company, and is now filling the position of superintendent and president. His father was at the time of his death one of the directors of the Citizens National Bank, Towanda, and his son was elected to fill the vacancy in the board, November 10, 1890. On the resignation of Judge Benjamin M. Peck, he was elected presi dent of that institution. A. McKINNEY, jeweler, Athens, is a native of Athens, this county, born February 16, 1855, and is a son of Henry and Amanda (Brink) McKinney, natives of this county. The mother died July 20, 1883, in her sixty-four year ; the father is a resident of Athens. A. McKinney, who is the youngest in a family of three children, received a public- school education, and at the age of seventeen began work at the jeweler's trade in Athens, in which he was employed until 1878, when he began business for himself. He carries a fine stock of watches, clocks and silverware. Mr. McKinney was married in Athens, March 15, 1881, to Miss Emma M., daughter of Delos and Teresa (Repass) Jordan, natives of Tioga county, Pa., and residents of Athens (she is the elder of two children, and was born in Lawrenceville, Tioga county, June 25, 1862). To Mr. and Mrs. McKinney were born two children viz.: Minnie B. and Fred. Mr. McKinney is a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, has passed the chairs in the subor dinate Lodge, and is a member of the Tiahoga Society of Athens. Politically he is a Republican. HUSTON McKINNEY, farmer, Ulster township, P. O. Ulster, was born in Litchfield township, this county, March 17, 1833, and is the son of Henry and Anna (Russell) McKinney, natives of Pennsylvania and New York, respectively, who are of the agricultural class and had HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 995 a farm of 170 acres in Litchfield towrnship, and were among the pio neers ; they had a family of eleven children — five boys and six girls — and of these are surviving, J. H., Mary L., Sarah, Francis, C. E. Mc Kinney and Huston, all of Litchfield. The father died in September, 1879, aged eighty-two; the mother had passed away the preceding May, at the age of seventy-nine. Huston McKinney, the subject of the sketch, received his education in the old school-house, in the short winter session. When of age he taught school in Ulster, two terms. He enlisted in the One Hundred and Seventy-ninth Regiment N. Y. V. I., Company K, August 31, and served until June 8, 1865; he was in the battles of Poplar Springs Church, Hatcher's Run (before Peters burg) and the capture of Petersburg. In November, 1865, he pur chased the farm on which he resides, of 150 acres, now highly improved and stocked; he was married, the first time, in 1855, to Sarah L. Lenox, sister of L. P. Lenox, and they had three children : Elma M., died in infancy; Nora L., married to Edward Huff; Luella M., married to William McQueen. His first wife died February 20, 1873. He Avas married, the second time, to Ellen, daughter of Hugh Templeton, and of this union are five children, as follows: Robert H., Hugh H., Sarah Ellen, Leon R. and Carrie M. Mr. McKinney is a member of the Equitable Aid Union, No. 244; member and stevvard of the Metho dist Episcopal Church, in politics a Republican, and is one of the lead ing and prosperous farmers of the countv. JOSEPH McKINNEY, P. O. Athens, youngest son of Henry and Rebecca (Hinman) McKinney, was born in Athens township, Septem ber 17, 1802, on the old Franklin farm near where he purchased a farm and lived until his death, June 17, 1879. His father was among the first settlers of the township. December 18, 1828, he married Mary Bidlack, and located on the farm he had previously purchased, and built a log house; she survived him twelve years, and died, May 10, 1891, in the eighty-sixth year of her life. Six children were born to them : Eliza, born March 21, 1830, married C. S. Wheaton, and is still living ; Horace, born February 5,1832, died January 19,1877, unmarried ; Clarissa, born September 14,1834, married to T. W. Brink, and is still livdng ; Joseph, Jr., born February 11, 183.8, lives on the old homestead ; Alfred, born June 3, 1842, died December 3, 1843, and Anna, born June 9, 1845, died June 15, 1875. Joseph McKinney, Jr., married Emily Vangorder, January 2, 1862, and to them were born four chil dren : Horace, born December 4, 1865, died July 20, 1890 ; Delia, born December 21. 1866 ; Mary, born October 23, 1868, and Johnnie, born September 8. 1873, died October 26, 1882. MICHAEL J. McNULTY, of the firm of Haggerty & McNulty, masonry contractors, Troy, was born in Troy, Bradford Co., Pa., August 29, 1859, and is a son of Michael and Alice (Haggerty) McNulty. His paternal grandfather, Michael McNulty, was a native of Ireland and an early settler of Towanda, this county, where he reared a fam ily of three children: Michael, Bridget and Maggie, of whom Michael, a native of Towanda, and a painter by trade, in early life located in Troy, where he Avorked at his trade until his death, in 1859; his wife was a daughter of Richard and Margaret Haggerty, natives of Ireland, 996 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and by her he had one son, Michael J., who was reared in Troy, was educated in the public schools and learned the mason's trade, at which he served an apprenticeship of five years. He afterward worked as a journeyman one year, and in 1879 formed a partnership with his uncle, John Haggerty, as contractors in stone and brick masonry, in which he has since successfully continued. Mr. McNulty married, April 15, 1885, Alice, daughter of Martin and Katherine (Gleason) Ryan, of Troy, and formerly of Ireland, the issue of which union is one daughter, Katie L. Mr. McNulty is a member of the Catholic Church ; in poli tics he is a Democrat. MICHAEL McMAHON, proprietor of the "Bradford House," Towanda, was born at Foot of Plane, in Barclay township, this county, September 27, 1859, and is a son of Simon and Mary (Falsey) McMahon, natives of County Clare, Ireland, who, for many years, were residents of Barclay, this county, and are now living at Arnot, Tioga Co., Pa. Michael was reared in Barclay, where he received a common-school education, and after attaining his majority he learned the blacksmith trade, which occupation he followed four years. He has been a resident of Towanda, since 1881; clerked in hotel several years; in 1887 embarked in the hotel business, and has been proprietor and popular landlord of his present house since 1890. On February 22, 1887, he married Margaret, daughter of Nicholas and Winifred Irvin, of Towanda, and formerly of County Clare, Ireland. Mr. and Mrs. McMahon have had three children, viz.: Joseph S., born August 22, 1887; Mary, born September 2, 1888, and Winifred, born Septem ber 15, 1890. Mr. McMahon is a member of the Roman Catholic Church, and in politics he is a Democrat. ISAIAH McPHERSON, Esq., of Towanda, a member of the law firm of McPherson & Angle, was born in Herrick township, Bradford Co., Pa., August 15, 1847. His parents, William and Mary (Kennedy) McPherson, emigrated from Ireland to this country in the year 1840, and purchased a farm in that township, where they continued to reside until his death, which occurred in 1887, when he was aged eighty-three years ; here his widow still resides, at the age of eighty- one years, Avith her eldest son, John. The subject of this sketch, who is their fourth child, in the order of birth, spent his early life at home on the farm, and improved such advantages for acquiring an education as the public schools and neighboring academies afforded, until in 1865, when he became a student at the Towanda Susquehanna Colle giate Institute, and, in 1868, of LaFayette College, where he remained for two years. In 1870 he began the study of law at ToAvanda, Pa., under the directions of the late Hon. P. D. Morrow, and Avas admitted to the bar in May, 1872. Upon his admission to the bar, he immedi ately opened an office in Towanda, and began the practice of his pro fession. He was soon regarded as one of the ablest young laAvyers at the Bradford county bar. In 1877 he was elected district attorney of the county, and discharged the duties of the office Avith marked abil ity. He is an able lawyer, and has a large general practice. He takes great interest and displays much earnestness in the trial of cases. Mr. McPherson cast his first vote (just after entering college in 1868) for HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 997 Gen. Grant for President, and has kept on voting with the Republican party ever since. He is a favorite campaign speaker in political con tests. He has never been a candidate for, or held any office, except that of district attorney, from 1877 to 1880. He was married, in 1879, to Miss Berenice McGill, a daughter of Hiram W. and Emily (Sweet) McGill, of ToAvanda, Pa., and they had two beautiful little daughters, Christine and Gertrude, but the former died in 1888. Mr. and Mrs. McPherson are both members of the Presbyterian Church. ARTHUR B. McKEAN, of Beardsley & McKean, general hard ware merchants, Troy, was born in West Burlington, this county, August 4, 1850, and is a son of James S. and Sarah W. (Blackwell) McKean. His. paternal grandparents were Robert and Martha (Wilson) McKean, and his great-grandparents were James and Jane (Scott) McKean ; the latter, who were natives of Scotland, resided for some time in Cecil county, Md., then settled in West Burlington township, on what is known as the County Farm, in 1791, and resided in that township until their death; their children were: Allen, William, James, Andrew, John, Rebecca (Mrs. John Dobbins), Robert, Samuel, Benjamin and Jane (Mrs. John Calkins) ; of these, Samuel Avas United States Senator from Pennsylvania, and lived and died on the old homestead. Robert, the paternal grandfather of Arthur B., also resided in Burlington township until his death, and cleared and improved a farm. By his Avife, Martha Wilson, he had the following children: Allen, Thomas J., Noah W., Lemira (Mrs. John Lilley), Andrew J., James S., Robert, and Jane (Mrs. EdAvard Kemp); of these, James S., father of the subject of this sketch, was born, reared and died in what is now West Burlington township. He was a black smith by trade, and Avas postmaster of West Burlington for eight years ; his wife was a daughter of John and Sarah (Blackwell) Black- Avell, natives of England. They had one son, Arthur B., who was reared in West Burlington, educated at Susquehanna Institute, Towanda, and began life as a bookkeeper in Troy, Pa., in* August, 1868, which he followed three years in Troy, and two yea"rs in Wil liamsport ; he then engaged in the grocery business one year at Williamsport; returned to West Burlington in 1873, and embarked in general merchandise business, in which he continued up to 1878, and then engaged in the lumber business. In 1884 he located in Troy and engaged in the hardware business as member of the firm of Beardsley, Spalding & McKean. He married, June 17, 1873, Sibyl, daughter of Bingham L. and Abbie (Pierce) Rockwell, of Troy, and has one son, Scott R. Mr. McKean is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is the present burgess of Troy, and in politics is a Republican. COLONEL HENRY B. McKEAN, of Towanda, was born in Columbia township, this county, September 13, 1831, and is a son of Benjamin and Elizabeth (Mathewson) McKean. His paternal grand parents were James and Jane (Scott) McKean, of Scotch-Irish descent, pioneers of Burlington township, this county, and who lived and died on Avhat is now known as the County Poor Farm. The maternal grand parents Avere William and Elizabeth (Satterlee) MatheAvson, formerly of Connecticut, and pioneers of Tioga Point (now Athens), this county. 58 998 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. The father of our subject spent most of his life in Columbia township, and Avas a farmer by occupation. He was sheriff of Bradford county in 1828, '29 and '30, and was thrice married ; his first Avife was Lucy Calkins, of Burlington, by whom he had two sons, James C. and Charles S. ; his second wife was Elizabeth Mathewson, by Avhom he had tAvo children, twins, Henry B. and Helen E. (Mrs. Dudley Long) ; his third wife was Laura LeBarron, by Avhom he had one daughter, Alma (Mrs. Hezekiah Lament). Henry B. was reared in Bradford county, and. educated at Troy and Athens academies ; 'he studied law with John C. Adams and William Elwell, of Towanda, -and was admit ted to the bar in 1855. He practiced his profession until the breaking out of the Civil War, and had been postmaster of To.wanda, during Buchanan's administration. April 21, 1861, he enlisted in Company I, Sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Reserves, and April 22, 1861, was elected and commissioned second lieutenant of the company ; on the organization of the regiment, June 22, 1861, was appointed adjutant, and April 1, 1862, was commissioned lieut.-colonel ©f the regiment. He participated in the battles of Dranesville, Va.,the Peninsular cam paign, Second Bull Run, South Mountain and Antietam, but on account of disability was compelled to resign, and was discharged by brigade and corps surgeons' certificate of disability, November 25, 1862. On Lee's invasion of Pennsylvania, in 1863, he was commis sioned colonel of the Thirty -fifth Regiment, Pennsylvania Militia. He resumed the practice of law at Towanda, Avhere he continued until 1875, Avhen he entered the employ of the Lehigh Valley Railroad as attorney and car agent, at Sayre, Pa., which position he held until 1880, when he again resumed the practice of laAv at Towanda, and continued until 1887, when he Avas appointed to a position in the Pen sion Bureau, Washington, D. C. In 1888 he was transferred to the Executive Mansion, and remained there until March, 1890, Avhen he was transferred to the Pension Bureau of the Interior Department, Avhere he now is. Col. McKean was married, November 19, 1869, to Mary E., daughter of John P. and Mary E. (Sayre) Cox, of Bethlehem, Pa., and has one son, John C. He is a member of the Episcopal Church, is past master of Union Lodge, No. 108; past H. P. Union Chapter, No. 161, past E. C. Northern Commandery, No. 16, K. T., Tow anda, Pa., Scottish Rite, Thirty-second degree, Bloomsburg and Harris burg Consistory; past G. C. grand commandery Knights Templar of Pennsy'lA'ania, past commander Watkins Post, G. A. R., No. 68, Towanda, Pa., and member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States Commandery, of the District of Columbia, and member of the Military Order, Sons of American Revolution, of Wash ington, D. C. Elisha Mathewson, his great-grandfather, enlisted August 1, 1777, under Capt. Robert Durkee, and Lieut. Spalding, and was discharged in November, 1783, George Washington certifying to six and a half years of service ; politically he is a Democrat. CHARLES J. McKEE, farmer and dairyman, P. O. Grover, is a native of Canton township, this county, and was born March 25, 1859, a son of John McKee, Avho Avas born in County Down, Ireland, March 17, 1824; his parents Avere John and Elizabeth (McMahon) McKee, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 999 natives of Scotland. Mr. McKee emigrated, in 1850, to New York with his family, Avhere he remained five years, and then removed to Canton township, where he has since resided on his farm. Mr. McKee was married in Ireland, in 1850, to Margaret, daughter of James and Sarah (Dougan) Clements, natives of County Armagh, Ireland, and of Scotch descent. She is the youngest in a family of seven children, and was born in County Armagh, March 7, 1830. To them were born four children, of whom "two are now living : Joseph A., married to Gertrude Fitzwater, and Charles J. Our subject received his education in the publio schools, and has made farming and dairying his occupation, shipping most of his milk to Williamsport. He Avas married in Canton township, June 2, 1887, to Harriet, a daughter of Ichabod and Harriet A. (King) Sellard. Mr. Sellard was born in Canton township, March 24, 1821, the youngest son of Stephen and Polly Sellard; he married, in 1845, Harriet, the youngest daughter of John and Sophia King of Tioga county, Pa., who Avere early settlers of Sullivan township, Tioga Co., Pa. Mrs. McKee's great-grandfather, Simon King, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and her grandfather, Stephen Sellard, was a soldier in the War of 1812. Ichabod Sellard was a farmer and cattle dealer; was instrumental in getting the switch railroad put at Grover ; owned an ore mine near there, and also gave the land for the switch ; he died October 21, 1877; Mrs. Sellard died January 22, 1888, in her sixty-first year. Mrs. McKee is the youngest in order of birth in a family of five children, of Avhom four are now living, and she was born in Canton township, January 23, 1866. To Mr. and Mrs. McKee was born one son, Harry 0. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church. He is a member of Grover Grange, No. 815, and is secretary of the same. Politically he is a Republican. McKEE BROS., proprietors of the Towanda Daily Review, Elmer B. McKee being general manager, and Frank C. McKee, editor. The publication firm was formed in June, 1885, and has been one of the prosperous houses of the county's capital ; the paper started " Inde pendent" and the "boys" are evidently to be considered as much so as their valued publication; and in public life the man or paper that is "Independent" of all cliques and clans may Avell be envied. The grandfather, Asa McKee, was a pioneer in Orwell township and a prominent citizen, his son Robert McKee, Avho died at Towanda, April 7, 1891, the father of these brothers, Avas born in Orwell in 1829, and came to Towanda iii 1868. His wife, the mother of three chil dren, was Jane E. Craft, a native of New York. Elmer B. McKee, who was born February 4, 1859, became widely known as a teacher before entering the publishing line; he is a product of the Towanda public schools and the Susquehanna Collegiate College, where he graduated in 1873, then attending the State Normal, at Oswego, N. Y., Avhere he graduated in 1882. He had been teaching in Towanda and at Sayre, and in 1884 Avas employed in the Teachers' Institute work. He was married, January 29, 1891, to Fannie M. Burns, of Fresno, Cal. He is a member of the school-board, the Presbyterian Church, and Towanda Lodge, No. 167, 1. O. O. F. a 1000 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. JOHN McQUEEN, florist, Robert Packer Hospital, Sayre, is a native of Scotland, and Avas born August 1, 1825. His parents were Hugh and Jane (Cornell) McQueen, natives of Scotland, who immi grated to this county about the year 1852, and here the former died, in 1859, in his eighty-third year, and the latter in 1876, in her seventy- eighth year. John McQueen, who is the second in eleven children, Avas reared in Scotland, and came to Philadelphia, in 1848 ; he learned floriculture, and in 1852 came to Smithfield; then removed to Ulster toAvnship, and engaged in farming and lumbering until the spring of 1883, when he came to Sayre and took charge of the greenhouses, grounds, etc., of the Robert Packer Hospital. One greenhouse is 20x80 feet, and the other 24x120 feet. Mr. McQueen was married, in Smithfield township, in 1856, to Miss Emma, daughter of Ira and Sophia (Mason) Adams, natives of Connecticut (she is the fifth in a family of eight children, and Avas born in Smithfield, in 1833, and died in 1875). To Mr. and Mrs. McQueen were born seven children, of whom four are now living, as follows : William, Mary (wife of W. S. Sleighter), Annie and Frank. Five of our subject's brothers served in the Civil War. Mr. McQueen casts his suffrage with the Democratic, party. JOHN MADDEN, engineer, Lehigh Valley Railroad, Sayre, a native of Towanda, this county, was born December 15, 1849, and is a son of Patrick and Mary (Lyons) Madden, natives of Ireland, Avho immigrated to Towanda in 1836. The mother died in May, 1889, in her seventy-third year; the father is still living. John, who is the seventh in a family of nine children, found his first occupation in life at boating for the railroad company; then he worked on the track for some time. About the year 1869 he began firing for the L. V. R. R., and aftenvard was promoted to first engineer, which position he has held since. He was married in Dushore, Sullivan Co., Pa., in 1863, to Miss Ann, daughter of John and Mary (Clarey) Daugherty, natives of Ireland (she is the second in a family of seven children, and Avas born in Ireland in 1848). Mr. and Mrs. Madden had eleven children, three of Avhom died young. The living are: Kate (Avife of John Sherry, of Elmira), Annie, James, Maggie, Agnes, Nellie, Jerry and Mary. The family are members of the Roman Catholic Church. Mr. Mad den is a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, and is a Republican in politics. MAJOR-GENERAL H. J. MADILL, Towanda, is a Bradford county man whose military fame is national, and whose record in the Civil War will ever form a most thrilling chapter of our country's history. He Avas born in Adams county, this State, March 30, 1829, the son of Dr. Alexander Madill, a native of Ireland, born of Scotch- Irish stock, and Avho immigrated to America in 1823, locating in Hunterstown, Adams Co., Pa., where he was in the practice of his profession; thence he remo\Ted to Bradford county, settling in Wysox township, in 1831, where he had an extensive practice many years, and died in 1852; his family of children were five in number— four sons and one daughter — of whom Gen. H. J. Madill is the eldest. The subject of this memoir received a liberal education, both from HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1001 private teachers and in an academy, and then entered, as a law student, the office of John C. Adams, in Towanda. He was licensed as an attorney in 1851, and, opening a law office, rose quickly in the line of his profession. He was thus busily engaged when the Civil War coming upon the devoted land; he laid down his briefs, buckled on his sword, and was one of the first to answer his country's call. With two companies he Avent to Harrisburg, where they found the call for three months' men was already full, and that they could not be received ; but in a feAV days, June 26, 1861, they Avere mustered into the three years' service, as a part of the Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves, Henry J. Madill, major. He was Avith this command, in the front, until August 30, 1862, when he was appointed colonel of the One Hundred and Forty -first Regiment, Pennsylvania Infantry. The already brilliant service of Maj. Madill pointed to him as the proper person to take command as colonel of this regiment, seven companies of which had been recruited in Bradford county. The " boys" hailed this fortunate appointment Avith joy, and from that hour until the day of its muster-out there was no command in the Union army that Avas more conspicuous for dash and courage; as cool in the fiercest of the battle as at the mess-table, always careful of the lives of his men, yet as reckless of danger to himself as a plumed knight, he forged his way to the highest military office ever conferred upon any one from Brad ford county — from major of a regiment, at the beginning of the war, to that of brevet-major-general at its close. His command of the One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment was itself not only historical, but soon made a reputation for that command that was as brilliant as it was dangerous to the lives of the total membership. The chaplain and historian of the regiment, Rev. David Craft, in his history says : "To show the estimation in which they were held by the officers of the Corps, I need now but mention the fact that they Avere selected by the Division and Corps commanders, in the celebrated mud march of Gen. Burnsides, to cross the river alone, carry the opposite heights at the point of the bayonet, and hold the crest of the hill, in order that the army might cross to the opposite side, for the purpose of attacking Fredericksburg in the rear. * * * Through thirty-three battles, in which they fought, they never became demoralized, or willingly turned their back upon the foe." It is said that in the loss of life on the battlefield there was but one other regiment in the Union Armies that could show a longer list than this Bradford command ; " two-thirds of the men on its rolls carrying muskets" is the awful score of death on its balance-sheet. The remnant of this regiment made forever famous the spot they occupied in the Peach Orchard at Gettysburg. They had entered that field of carnage 200 strong, and already twenty of the brave boys had fallen ; Gen. Madill says : "I now found myself alone with a small regiment of one hundred and eighty men; tAventy had been killed or Avounded by the severe cannonade, and in a charge of the Eighth South Carolina Regiment." This little band received the shock of a charge by overwhelming numbers; thirty of the one hundred and eighty fell at the first fire of the enemy, and in a 1002 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. moment, as it were, twenty -seven lie dead on the field, and one hundred more are prone on the ground, bleeding from severe wounds ; the color-bearers and all the color-guards are killed or severely wounded, when Col. Madill seizes the flag, and marches slowly from the slaughter pen, with but nineteen of his brave boys able to follow him. The little forlorn hope are met by Gen. Sickles who beseechingly says to Col. Madill: "Colonel, for God's sake, can't you hold on?" when with tears and choking voice he answers : " Where are my men ? " Of the nineteen followers of their leader were three officers, Capt. Horton, and Lieuts. Brainard and Atkinson, the latter of whom, though severely wounded, wTas able to walk and was at his post. There is nothing in war history, not even the " Charge of the Six Hundred," that is more thrilling than this stand by the little band of heroes under Col. Madill at Gettysburg. It was more than " when Greek meets Greek," it was the flower and pick of the Virginia veterans hurling themselves like a thunderbolt of lead and flame and iron upon the brave and unconquer able Pennsylvanians, the leader of whom Avas defending nearly the very spot on which he Avas born, standing as a stone-wall, defying the invading foe. Gen. Graham being taken prisoner, Col. Madill was placed in com mand of the brigade, and was commissioned brigadier-general, Decem ber 2, 1864, and brevet major-general, March 13, 1865. He Avas wounded by a sharpshooter at Sutherland's Station, April 2, 1865, in charging a battery at the head of his brigade, the ball lodging in the groin, from the effects of which Avound he has never recovered. The others were slight wounds, one received at Petersburg and the other at Gettysburg. The number of bullets that passed through his clothes, and the six horses that had been shot from under him in different engagements, look as though he escaped with his life through naught else than Providential interference. When he had sufficiently recovered from his last wound to be moved, the Avar was over, so as soon as able he returned to his Towanda home, and resumed the practice of law. This, however, was soon interferred with by his election, in 1866, to the office of register and recorder of Bradford county, in which he served a full term. In 1879 he represented this district in the State Legislature. In 1890, in obedience to the behests of his many friends all over the county, he stood for the office of prothonotary, in opposi tion to the regular Republican party nomination, Avas triumphantly elected on the Independent ticket, and is noAv filling that position. No man in the county stands fairer with all classes of the people than Gen. Madill — cheerful, kind, affable and suave, the world is his friend, but it is for his old comrades to love him in those strong bonds that came of life in the tented field. Maj. H. J. Madill was united in marriage, in this county, in 1856, with Ellen, daughter of George Scott, and they have one son, Harry, who is now in the West. The family worship at the Presbyterian Church ; the Major is a member of the G. A. R., the I. O. O. F., and of the K. of P. THOMAS F. MADILL, M. D., a native of Kingston, Pa., Avas born September 30, 1828, a son of Alexander and Rose (Edgar) Madill. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1003 His father Avas a physician of distinction in his day, receiving his education in Edinburgh, Scotland, and coming to Pennsylvania in 1S16; he first settled at Kingston and in 1830 removed to Wysox, where he spent the remainder of his life in the practice of his profes sion ; he died in 1864 ; his family were seven in number, five of whom grew to their majority, and of these Thomas F. Madill was the second in order of birth, and has spent his life in the spot where he now lives. He received a good education in the common schools and Collegiate Institute, attending Lafayette college after leaving the Towanda Insti tute. He commenced a course of reading in his father's office in 1850, and completed his preliminary studies in the office of Dr. George F. Horton, of Terrytown ; then he attended Jefferson Medical Col lege, Philadelphia, where he was graduated March 13, 1855, and at once returned to his home and opened his office, engaging in the general practice of physic, but. perhaps, gaining a more extensive repu tation from his operations in surgery than othenvise. One operation, the treatment of the tibia by the successful insertion of ivory, became a noted first case of the kind, and was given in extenso in the " Phila delphia Examiner," 1863 ; he has probably ridden more Hides, and visited more cabins and farm houses of every degree, than any other physician ever in the county. His long professional life has been one unbroken success, and while advancing years and wealth have come together in his case, he still ministers to the afflicted, but mostly where the prejudice of old friends will not allow them to be sent away. He was married in Bradford county, October 5, 1857, to Eliza M. Weston, by whom there are four children living : Jean Lillian, William Lester, Daisy Dean and Robert Packer. Mrs. Madill is a daughter of the late Dr John N. Weston, of Towanda. No man stands fairer with the people of Bradford, both professionally and socially, than Dr. Madill, in his long residence and an active business life ; and now as an age is coming with its wane in some respects, his high moral cour age, that command of a strong will over dull matter, still asserts itself unmistakably on all proper occasions, and easily commands due deference and respect. The Doctor is in the meridian of his intellectual vigor, and his trained hand can stiU guide the surgeon's knife with all the steady precision of perfect machinery. His residence in the rich Wysox valley is a model of elegance and solid comfort, and is the pro- ' duct of his active professional life, backed by a tireless energy. WILLIAM M. MALLORY, coal operator. Towanda, was born November 25, 1817, in what is now Corning, N. Y., and is a son of Laurin and Mary (Mead) Mallory. His paternal grandfather, Ebenezer Mallory, Avhose wife was Clara Judson, was a native of Connecticut, and a son of Ebenezer Mallory. He was a pioneer of the Johnson settlement in Schuy ler county, N. Y., and was a farmer. Laurin Mallory was a pioneer of what is now Corning, N. Y\. where he was extensively engaged in lumbering, merchandising and farming, and also as a shipper of grain and other produce down the Susquehanna river in the pioneer days. He was also identified with the first bank of Corning, and for a time served as cashier, and this bank was one of those that survived the financial crisis of 1842. He married, in Corning, Mary, daughter of Eldad Mead, 1004 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. a pioneer of that section, and a brother of William Mead, founder of Meadville, Pa. William was rea,red in what is now Corning, and re ceived a high-school education, studied civil engineering, in which he became proficient in a short time, and was one of an engineer corps AAThen there were but three finished railroads in the United States. He joined this corps in 1837, though he had worked as a surveyor the year previous, and followed that profession for seven years; he then operated the Blossburg Railroad, under lease, until 1853, mined all the coal at that place during that time, and up to 1858, when he sold out, and spent four years thereafter closing up his business affairs connected with the railroad and his Blossburg interests, and spent the years 1862 and 1863 at Irvington, N. Y. In 1864 he located in Towanda, Avhere he has since resided. From 1864 to 1875 he was manager of the Fall Creek Coal Company, since which time he has been operating in the coal fields of the Wyoming district. He was twice married : his first Avife was Sarah T., daughter of Judge Isaac and Sarah (Strong) McConachie, of Troy, N. Y., and by her he had three children, viz.: Catherine, William P. and Judson; his second Avife Avas Anna M., daughter of Lucius B. and Martha (Day) Peck, of Montpelier, Vt., and by her he had five children, as folloAvs : Mary, Martha, Lucius B., Harriet Anna and William F. Mr. Mallory attends the Episcopal Church ; in politics he is a Republican, and he attended the first con vention of the party held at Syracuse, in 1854. LAWRENCE H. MALONEY, farmer and breeder of Hamble tonian horses, Troy, was born in Troy borough, this county, July 4, 1856, and is a son of Lawrence and Bridget (Ryan) Maloney, natives of County Tipperary, Ireland, Avho came to America in 1849, and settled in Troy borough, this county, where his father worked as a laborer until his children grew to maturity, Avhen he purchased the farm now occupied by subject, and resided there until his death. His children were as follows : Bridget (deceased), Michael W., John, Mary (Mrs. Robert Gilbert), Anna, Lawrence H., and Ella; of these, Michael W. is a popular conductor on the New York, Lake Erie & Western Rail road ; John is a local engineer on the Central Railroad of New Jersey, and Lawrence H., the subject proper of this sketch, resides on the old homestead, known as the " Troy Hill Stock Farm." He has followed farming as an occupation since reaching his majority, and has estab lished a reputation as a breeder of Hambletonian horses. He is a well- known citizen of Bradford county, a member of the Roman Catholic Church, and in politics he is a Democrat. JAMES B. MANEY, manager of J. W. Carroll's clothing and merchant tailoring house, Athens, is a native of Bradford county, and Avas born August 10, 1856, a son of Thomas C. and Anna (Fitzgerald) Maney, natives of Ireland. The father immigrated to New York City early in life, and engaged in the hat, cap, and fur business, which he followed several years, but had to abandon it, on account of failing health; then engaged in contracting and building canals and rail road lines, and later in life he bought a farm in North Towanda town ship, where he resides. Mr. Maney, who is the third in a family of six children, received his early education in the common schools, and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1005 then attended a Collegiate Institute about four terms. In 1877 he Avent West, and was in the mining regions in Colorado and New Mexico for some time, then Avent to Emporia, Kans., where he received the contract for the stone work on the State Normal School at that place ; returned in the spring of 1881, and was in the employ of the Lehigh Valley Railroad four years, and in May, 1885, he took charge of J. W. Carroll's clothing and tailoring establishment in Athens. Mr. Maney was married in Towanda, this county, in 1881, to Miss Margaret E. McDonald, Avho was born in Buenos Ayres, South Amer ica, in 1858, and to this union have be born two children — Lizzie and Mary. Mr. Maney served in the State Militia four years ; in politics he is a Republican. SAMUEL N. MANLEY, farmer and stock-dealer, P. O. Gran ville Centre, was born in Troy toAvnship, this county, August 9, 1842, and is a son of Darius R. and Sophia A. (Merwin) Manley. His pater nal grandfather, Darius Manley, was a native of Connecticut, and Avas among the first settlers in Troy township, where he cleared and improved a farm, and there died; his first wife was Miss Phelps, by whom he had children as folio avs: D. Randolph, Charles, Abel, Gil- son, Sally (Mrs. Marcus Gillam), Abby (Mrs. Samuel Newman), and Almira (Mrs. Thomas Stull); by his second wife, Susan (Loomis), he had two children, Ebenezer L. and Susan (Mrs. Iram Wilson). The father of our subject was a farmer by occupation, and died in Troy township; his children were: Darius, Matthias, Scott, Polly A. (Mrs. Valentine Saxton), Ellen, Samuel N., Theodore, Charles, Frank, Ida (Mrs. F. C. Packard), Belle (Mrs. A. C. Smith) and Jessie. Samuel N. Manley was reared in Troy township, and received a common- school education. He was a soldier of the Civil War, enlisting August 31, 1864, in Company I, Fifteenth NeAV York Engineers, and was hon orably discharged June 15, 1865. After his return home he located in Troy, where he was in the restaurant business three years; then located in Granville, Avhere he was engaged in the mercantile business twenty-two years, fifteen years as a member of the firm of Taylor & Manley. He has also been engaged in farming and stock- dealing, and is the present postmaster at Granville Centre. Mr. Man- ley married, December 22, 1869, Ella, daughter of Luman D. and Matilda (Holcomb) Taylor, of Granville, and has six children: Walter, Luman, Belle, Matilda, Taylor and Ida. He is a member of the Church of Christ, of the F. & A. M., I. O. O. F., and G. A. R.. In politics he is a Republican. ULYSSES J. MANLEY, of Grohs & Manley, grocers, Troy, was born in Troy borough, this county, May 23, 1849, a son of Thomas S. and Lucy (Taylor) Manley. His paternal grandparents, Thomas and Betsey (Wright) Manley, were natives of near Hartford, Conn., and were among the first settlers of Canton township, where they cleared and improved a farm, and resided until their death. Their children were: Lucina (Mrs. S. H. Fitch), Lavina (Mrs. Joseph Lindley), Clara (Mrs. Henry Baxter), Marian (Mrs. Charles Stephens), Jane (Mrs. Jesse Stalford), Achsa (Mrs. B. S. Scott), Mercia (Mrs. Edward Wood- house), Ann (Mrs. William Lawrence), Thomas S. and Sylvester. 1006 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Thomas S., father of Ulysses J. Manley, was born in Connecticut, was a wagon-maker by trade, and began his career as a wagon manufac turer in Troy, in which business he continued for several years ; then taught school at East Canton, and for the past thirty years has been engaged in farming in Canton township. He is a breeder of thorough bred Jersey cattle. His wife was a daughter of Allen and Olive (Stephens) Taylor, of Troy township, and by her lie had eleven chil dren: Lawrence, Ulysses J., Rollan, Lydia (Mrs. Arthur Mason), Lis ten, Sarah (Mrs. Sumner Lilley), Jennie (Mrs. Eugene Chubbuck), Lulu, Clara, Joel and Julia. Ulysses J. Manley, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Canton township, and educated at Troy public schools and Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, at Towanda. He began life for himself as a telegraph operator, which occupation he followed five years ; after which he engaged in the dray and express business, in Troy, for eight years. In 1886, he embarked in the general merchan dise business, in Troy, as a member of the firm of Lamkin, Bloom & Manley, and continued in that until 1888, when he became a member of the firm of Grohs & Manley, grocers, in which he has since con tinued. He married, November 5, 1873, Jennie, daughter of Andrew and Cynthia (Holcomb) Spalding, of LeRoy, this county, by whom he has one son, Ray B. Mr. Manley is a member of the Presbyterian Church and I. O. O. F.; he has served as burgess of Troy borough one term, and as councilman three years ; in politics he is a Republican. P. J. MANN, Camptown, Avas born in Smithfield township, Mon roe Co., Pa., June 29, 1845, a son of Henry and Harriet (Blood) Mann, the former of whom was born in Germany, and the latter in Connecticut. The father, who was a farmer, was born March 31, 1807, and was brought, when one year old, to America by his parents, who located in NeAv Jersey, and thence removed to this county, settling in Terry township, in April, 1854. They are still living, and have had a family of eleven children (eight of Avhom surviAre) : John, a farmer of Wya lusing; Sarah, married to B. T. Allen, a farmer in Terry township; George W., a mechanic, of Sugar Run; Catherine arid Rhoda (both deceased); Amzi, a mechanic, of Binghamton; Ellen, married to Nel son White, a farmer in Terry township; P. J.; Matilda (deceased); Susan, married to William Farr, of Wyalusing, and Lydia, married to Henry Avery, a farmer, of Wilmot ; three of the sons Avere in the service ; George, in Battery B, Fifth United States Artillery ; Amzi, in the One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I.; and P. J. The subject of these lines was born and reared on a farm, and educated at the common schools. When eighteen years of age, March 28, 1864, he enlisted in Company K, Fifty-first P. V. I., and was in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna and Cold Harbor, where he received a gunshot- wound through the right ankle ; was carried from the field to the hospital at Philadelphia, and was there and on furlough one year ; then was transferred to Chestnut Hill Hospital, and received his discharge June 2, 1865 ; the wound has never properly healed, and has caused muscular atrophy of the entire limb. After coming home, Mr. Mann entered the employ of John Bidleman, a harness-maker of Towanda, and learned the trade, working with him three years ; then HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1007 returned home, and farmed five years; after which he opened a shop in Terrytown, this county, where he remained a short time, then came to Wyalusing, where he worked three years, when he opened a shop in Laceyville. The next four years were spent, first in Camptown, and afterward in New Albany, but he returned to CamptoAvn, and has since made that his home. In 1890 he built and opened the Wyalijsing Valley Poultry Yard, purchasing a " perfect hatcher and brooder," where he produces many different breeds. Mr. Mann was married January 1, 1878. to Clara E. Bump, of Camptown, and they have three children : Earl' J., born October 7, 1882 ; Mark S., born May 3, 1886, and Laura H., born February 10, 1891. Mr. Mann is a member of Hurst Post, G. A. R., No. 86 ; politically is a Republican. J. M. MARR, chief of police, Wyalusing borough, Avas born in Philadelphia, March 15, 1845, a son of George and Mary (Murray) Marr, who came from Ireland, and were married in Philadelphia. The father immigrated to this country when a boy of seventeen or eighteen years of age, coming direct to Philadelphia ; he became an engineer, and from Philadelphia he and his wife moved to Wyalusing township, thence to Wyoming county, and thence to Williamsport, where the father died in the winter of 1871, aged sixty-one ; the mother had died in 1885. Their family consisted of the following named children: Margaret, married to Patrick Burk, a mechanic, in Williamsport ; Mary, married to Patsey Carney, of Williamsport; Ellen, married to Thomas Duffy, a lumberman, of Williamsport ; Alice ; George, who went to Minnesota, where he was lost ; Katie, in Williamsport ; Ora, Avho died in infancy; J. M. and James. His parents having left Philadelphia when the subject of this sketch was a small boy, he went to live with a relative in Lovelton, Avhere he attended school, remain ing there several years, then rejoined his parents at Terrytown. When seventeen years old, he enlisted, January 25, 1864, in Company K, Fifty-first P. V. V. I, and was in the following engagements : the battle of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, White House Landing, Petersburg, where, June 19, 1864, in line of battle, he was wounded three times : first, by gunshot, which took off the forefinger of the left hand, and afterward received fleshwounds in the left shoulder and right hip. He was then taken to Harwood Hospital, Washington, D. O, where he remained till July 4, when he came home on furlough, but, being taken sick, had his furlough extended thirty days; was then transferred to the Invalid Corps, and was discharged, December 20, 1864, on account of disability, being disqualified, after his return, for manual labor for one and a half years ; then, partially recovering, he followed teaming, but is now retired. Mr. Marr was married, Septem ber 18, 1859, to Priscilla J. Corsin, of Terrytown, and they have three children : Ada (married to Henry Hall, of Wyalusing), Margaret and Emma.- This wife dying, February 25, 1884, Mr. Marr married, September 13, 1890, Mrs. Hannah A. Camp, widow of T. B. Camp, and a daughter of Mason Brown, of Wyalusing ; she had three chil dren by her former marriage : Walter, Robert (deceased) and Emma. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Marr is a member of the G. A. R., Jackson Post, No. 74 ; politically 1008 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. he is a Republican, and was elected chief of police in 1890, and re-elected in 1891, both times unsolicited. HON. J. H. MARSH, real estate broker, Wyalusing, was born May 7, 1822, and is a son of William and Martha (Nichols) Marsh. His father came to this county, September 7, 1817, and settled in Pike town ship. The first of the family to come to America Avas William Marsh, Sr., a native of England, who immigrated to Connecticut in early Colo nial times, but of his family little is known ; he had a son, Thomas, born in Connecticut, who married there and reared a family, of whom nearly all traces have been lost ; his son, Elihu, married Sarviah Abby, and had a son, Joseph (the grandfather of Hon. J. H. Marsh), who mar ried Abigail Waldo, and was the father of the following children: William (father of Hon. J. H. Marsh), born January 15, 1783, and died in his seventy-fifth year; Hannah, born September 10, 1785 ; Sarviah, born April 30, 1787 ; Arabella, born February 2, 1789 ; Waldo, born April 18, 1791; Allen, born January 8, 1797; Abigail, born August 18, 1799, and Holeman, born April 28, 1802. William was the only one who oame to this county; he was twice married, first to Rachel Nichols, by whom he had the following children : Elliott, born November 14, 1802, died in 1853, who was a manufacturer of safes; Wealthy, born October 18, 1804, married to E. B. Mints, farmer of Herrick, she died in 1864; Cordelia, born January 12, 1806 (she was also the wife of E. B. Mints, and died in 1826) ; Amy, born January 26, 1808, married to M. D. F. Hines, a farmer of Herrick, and died in 1870. William M. Marsh was married, the second time, to Martha Nichols, a sister of his first wife, by whom he had the folloAving children: Rachel, born March 2, 1811, married to John Bowles, a farmer and carpenter, of Pike, and died in 1876 ; Lois, born January 2, 1813, married to Davis D. Black, a farmer, of Tuscarora ; Aden, born March 19, 1814, resided in Pike toAvnship until his death in 1846 ; Lucy, born April 19, 1816, married to Daniel C. Miller, a farmer of Wilmot, where they resided until her death, in 1882; Joseph H., born May 7, 1822; Isaac, born December 21, 1825, of Rome borough ; Hannah, born April 24, 1832, married Gould Stevens, and removed to Carroll county, 111., where she died in 1856. Mrs. Wm. Marsh died in the winter of 1856. Wm. Marsh Avas a farmer and purchased a large body of land, upon his arrival in this county, which he cleared and fitted for cultivation. On this farm, Joseph H. Marsh, the subject of this sketch, Avas born and reared, with the only advantages offered to a boy of those times. Procuring a store of knowledge, he laid the foundation for that prac tical business education that was to render him a successful man in later years; when sixteen years old he began his apprenticeship to learn the carpenter's and joiner's trade, served two years, then started out for himself, and devoted his attention exclusively to his trade, until about 1843, when he purchased a farm in Herrick township; he then combined farming with his trade until 1847, when he sold his farm, and for one year worked at his trade in New Haven, Conn. Return ing to this county he purchased the old homestead in Pike, where he turned his attention to farming for the next nineteen years ; then he purchased a farm close to LeRaysville, and, moving onto it, combined HI8T0RY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1009 „ farming with tanning and harness-making. He was thereabout seven years, then moved to Wyalusing, where, in 1873, he purchased a tract of land and started a furniture manufactory. After being in business here two years, and just getting matters on a solid foundation, his factory, which was filled with furniture, was entirely destroyed by fire, which left him with his life over half gone, and his fortune, acquired by years of unremitting toil, swept away. Without repin ing at his loss, he sold the residue of his real estate, and again returned to Pike, purchasing a small farm, and beginning aneAV ; after a short time spent on that farm, he traded it for a larger one, containing 265 acres, which he still OAvns ; he resided there from 1878 to 1886, when he returned to Wyalusing, where he purchased a tract of land, which he laid out in town lots, and opened his real-estate office, in which business he has since continued. Besides his farm in Pike, he owns a handsome residence in Wyalusing, also the Wyalusing Creamery build ing, and many valuable town lots. Mr. Marsh" has been three times married: the first time, on May 28, 1842, to Eliza A. Stevens; she died childless, January 15, 1846, and Mr. Marsh afterward married, January 17, 1848, Harriet Lines, of NeAV Haven, by Avhom he had one child, W. D., born November 20, 1848, who married Flora Welle, of Pike. This second wife dying, Novem ber 20, 1848, he married, July 3, 1851, Sarah M. Carry," and had two children : Hattie L., born December 2, 1856, and Langdon IL, born January 7, 1860, who married Ella McCauley, and resides on his father's farm in Pike. Mr. Marsh is a stanch Republican in politics, and has held various town and borough offices. In the fall of 1863 he was elected a member of the State Legislature, and Avas re elected in 1864; during the second term the bill introduced in the Senate by Jake Ridgeway, of Philadelphia, to charter the New York & Penn sylvania Canal and Railroad Company, passed in the House, owing its passage to his successful engineering. The same session he advocated and voted for the constitutional amendment to abolish slavery in the United States. The people, having unbounded confidence in his judgment and integrity, again elected him to represent Bradford county in the Lower House, in 1881, where he served tAvo years. The family Avorship at the Methodist Episcopal Church, to which he has ahvays been a liberal contributor; he is an active Freemason. He is one of the best representatives of the successful business men the county has produced; starting in life Avith nothing but energy, good judgment and industry, he accumulated a considerable fortune, which Avas swept away; but now, having almost reached the autumn of life, he has accumulated a handsome competency, and is, to-day, one of Brad ford's solid men. In connection Avith other business interests he has been executor and administrator of many estates ; has had many wards entrusted to his guardianship, always giving perfect satisfaction and commanding the esteem and trust of all for his careful management. REV. JAMES A. MARTIN, resident priest, Overton, is a native of Providence, R. I., born April 25, 1853, and is a son of Christopher and Eliza (Sheridan) Martin, natives of County Tyrone, Ireland. The father was a mechanic and liveryman, Avho immigrated to America in 1010 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1820, locating in Providence, which he made his permanent home in the country of his adoption, and died there in 1886, his wife having preceded him to the grave in 1876. Their family consisted of eleven children, of whom the subject of this brief sketch is the eighth. His educational training was received in the' schools of his native place, and then with the Christian Brothers, completing his literary course at the higher schools of, first at St. Lawrence College, Montreal, then at St. Bonaventure Seminary and College of Allegany, Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. , and then pursued his theological course until ordained a priest, when he was assigned, by the Bishop, to the charge of the parish at Towanda ; from there he was sent to Athens, then to Susquehanna, then to the cathedral at Scranton, and from there to his present charge at Overton. He has in his charge a congregation of 475 souls. His pious and gentle ministrations have contributed much to make this one of the favored congregations of the Mother Church. He is a faith ful shepherd, relieving distress, and ministering, at all seasons, to the weary and afflicted; beloved by the children of the Church, and respected greatly by all to Avhom he is known. HIRAM MASON, farmer, of South Creek township, P. 0. Bentley Creek, was born in Hamden, Delaware Co., N. Y., May 19, 1808, a son of William and Lydia (Payne) Mason, the former a native of Ireland, the latter of Connecticut. William Mason came to this country early in life, and located in Delaware county, N. Y., where he engaged in farming. His life, like that of all other farmers, had been uneventful; he reared a family of five children — three daughters and two sons — Avho grew to maturity, and two are now living. Hiram is the third in the family, and is now in his eighty-third year ; he Avas reared and edu cated in Hamden, N. Y., and when twenty-two years of age removed to Columbia township, where he lived thirty years, then removed to South Creek, after selling his farm in Columbia township, and bought one of 100 acres, which he has since added to until it has attained the proportions of 250 acres. When Mr. Mason removed to this county it was very thinly settled, but by hard labor, economy and perseverance, he succeeded in making for himself and his posterity a beautiful home. At the age of twenty-three he married Jane, daughter of Peter and Diadana Furman, on January 12, 1832, at Columbia, and this union resulted in the birth of three sons and three daughters, all of whom grew to maturity, and four of them are now living, as follows : Emily, Furman, Walter and Laura, and all of whom are married and prosper ous. Mr. Mason has lived a long and useful life, enjoying the full con fidence of his fellow citizens, and has held the offices of town commis sioner, auditor and school director ; he is a general farmer, but makes a specialty of dairying ; his stock is of the celebrated Jerseys, and registered; he also grows wool to some extent. J. H. Mason, his grand son, who Avorks the farm, married Sarah McKee, and they have two sons, Arthur and John; politically, the voters of the familv are Democratic. JAMES G. MASON, farmer, P. O. West Franklin, was born in Delhi, Delaware Co., N. Y., March 4, 1830, a son of Robert and Agnes (Martin) Mason, the former a native of Delaware county, the latter of Scotland, a daughter of Joseph Martin, who came to this HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1011 country about 1S08, when she Avas four years old (she was born Febru ary 11, 1804). Robert Mason was born August 28, 1802. In 1833 he removed from Delhi to Armenia, (then Troy), where, in conjunction Avith his trade of oarpenter and joiner, he carried on farming; he purchased 300 acres which Avas then a Avilderness, and at that time there were only tAvelve families in what is uoav called Armenia. In the spring of 1864, after a residence of thirty years in Armenia, Robert Mason removed to LeRoy, where he died, March 31, 1875. He reared a family of four ohildren — one daughter and three sons : Jane M., John H., James G., Robert, Jr., all of whom are living. Of these, James G. was reared and educated at Armenia and Canton, and when a young man he learned the brick-maker's trade, which he successfully folloAved fifteen years, after which he gave his attention to farming. On January 1, 1851, he Avas married, at Armenia, by his father, avIio Avas then justice of the peace, to Miss Jane, daughter of Isaac and Experience Williams. By this marriage seven children were born — tAvo sons and five daughters — as follows: Alma, Margaret, Agnes, Mary, George (deceased), William H. and Frankie. all married except the latter. Mr, Mason purchased a farm in LeRoy township, which he traded for the old homestead, in Armenia, to his brother; sold the old homestead, and, in 1S71, removed to Franklin, where he now resides. In 1S64 he entered the army, attaching himself to Company I, Fifteenth New York Volunteer Engineers, serving until the close of the Avar, during which time he received a sun-stroke Avhich disabled him for life, and he now draws a pension. Mr. Mason has 130 acres of fertile land, with cropping of coal at \Tarious points, and is a general farmer. He is a Republican, politically, and at present holds the office of toAvn commissioner ; is a member of the Church of Christ, of the F. & A. M.. and of the Grange. ROBERT MASON, farmer, LeRoy Centre, was born in Delaware county, N. Y., October 18, 1832, a son of Robert and Agnes (Martin) Mason, the former born in New York State, on the Delaware river, the latter in Scotland. The father, avIio was a carpenter of some note, at the age of five years was lost for three days, during which time the Avoods Avere searched by a hundred men, who found him, and returned him uninjured to the anxious parents. He came to this county in 1834, located in Armenia toAvnship, where he engaged in the mill wright and carpenter's trade ; his family consisted of three sons and. one daughter, who grew to maturity, our subject being the fourth in the family. He was educated in his native toAvn, and has followed farm ing. When twenty-six years of age he married Samantha A., daugh ter of Richard and Julia Ann Montgomery, of Armenia, and this union Avas blessed with five children, all of whom grew to maturity, as follows : Jennie, Ernest M., Carrie D., Julia A. and Ruby. Mr. Mason is a prosperous farmer, living in a beautiful residence in LeRoy Cen tre ; lie is a member of the Grange, and politically is a Republican. WALTER MASON, farmer, P. O. Gillett. born in Columbia town ship, Bradford Co., Pa., May 15, 1836, is son of Hiram and Jane (Furman) Mason, the former of whom was born in Hamden, Delaware Co., N. Y., the latter near Columbia Cross Roads. Hiram Mason is a farmer of large 1012 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. experience, and one of the early settlers. About the year 1830 he removed from Hamden, N. Y., to Columbia township, this county, where he lived about thirty years; then came to South Creek township, where he hoav resides. His farm, which at that time consisted of 100 acres, has grown to be now 250 acres. He is the father of six children, all of whom grew to maturity, and four are yet living. Mrs. Jane (Furman) Mason died in 1887, aged seventy-two years. Walter Mason, who is the fourth in the family, was reared and educated in Columbia township ; and, Avhen a lad of fourteen years, he came to Gillett. At the age of thirty, in 1866, he married, at Troy, Maria, daughter of Benjamin and Saloma Inman, and by this union there were born six children, four of whom are now living, viz.: Cora, Jane (married to Samuel Seafuse), Saloma and Bertha. In 1862 Mr. Mason enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and Seventy-first P. V. I., and after serving one year was honorably discharged ; he then entered the First Con struction Corps, Gang B, in which he served one year, and was again honorably discharged. Mr. Mason folloAvs general farming successfully, but pays more especial attention to dairying. He has held the office of school director ten years; is a member of the G. A. R. and also of the Grange ; politically he is a Republican. JAMES MATHER, merchant, Ulster, was born in Ulster, this county, May 29, 1840, and is a son of John and Agnes (Jackson) Mather, natives of Scotland. He was educated at Ulster, and at the Collegiate Institute, Towanda, attending the latter two years, and then commenced teaching school, which he followed four years; after ward, with his father-in-law (E. B. Tuttle), he opened the Exchange Hotel in Ulster, which he carried on five years. In 1874, he began merchandising, carrying a general assortment of goods, his stock being valued at $2,500, and the business has prospered well under his management. Mr. Mather was married, December 4, 1864, to Arlette E. Tuttle, daughter of E. B. and Lucinda (Horton) Tuttle, of Sheshes- quin, this county, of which place the parents were natives. The fruit of this marriage is one child, Fred E. Mr. Mather is a Knight of the Golden Cycle, is a member of the Republican party, and is treasurer of the school board; was postmaster at Ulster for eleven years, appointed in 1876 ; was also town clerk several years. JOHN MATHER, Ulster, was born July 8, 1824, in Renfrewshire, Scotland, the son of John and Agnes (Jackson) Mather. The father immigrated to this country in 1829, and located in Ulster; the family consisted of seven children, John and Agnes (both born in Scotland) and AndreAv (deceased), Thomas, William, Eliza (deceased) and James (born in this county). Agnes married William McQueen, of Pitts burgh ; the others live in this county. John Mather, the subject of our sketch, was reared on a farm and received his education in the Ulster schools; when twenty-one years of age he gave up farming and engaged in a general store in Ulster, and was also in the lumber trade at the same time; in 1862 he received an appointment in the Treasury Department, Washington, D. O, and remained in thatoffice until 1886. He Avas married in 1847, to Susan Conklin, of Newark Valley, N. Y., and they had one child, which died in infancy. His wife died in Wash- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1013 ington City, in 1886. In religion Mr. Mather is a Presbyterian, and socially he is a Royal Arch Mason, and is attached to Federal Lodge, No. 1, and Eureka Chapter No. 4, of Washington, D. C. JOHN C. MATHER, farmer and stock-grower, Ulster township, P. O. Ulster, a son of Thomas and Rachel (Middaugh) Mather, was born in Ulster, August 28, 1860. He attended the public schools of Ulster borough and received a good English education. He married, March 12, 1884, Mary, daughter of G. B. and Delphine (Shaw) Rodgers, and they have two children, Edna, born August 3, 1886, and Lillian, born June 17, 1888. Mr. Mather is a member of the Golden Cycle and fills the chair of speaker ; in politics he is a Republican. He resides on the old homestead and farms the same, in connection with his father and uncle William. WILLIAM MATHER, farmer and stock-raiser, Ulster township, P. O. Ulster, was born in Ulster toAvnship, this county, October 24, 1833, a son of John and Agnes (Jackson) Mather, natives of Renfrew shire, Scotland, Avho immigrated to this country, and settled on the farm their son William now occupies, arriving a short time before his birth. Our subject received his education in the Ulster schools, attending until he Avas twenty-one years old, and receiving a good English edu cation. The farm "he now occupies is the old homestead, containing 320 acres, which has never been partitioned, and is managed by him in connection Avith his brother Thomas, and nephew, John C. Mather; the residence on the farm occupied by him was built by his father, in 1830, but the other buildings built by his father Avere entirely destroyed, as were the orchards and a large portion of the timber, by a cyclone which swept through the lower portion of the valley, in 1884; the present farm buildings have been built by the members of the family since that time, Avhich are all on the modern and improved style — large and commodious; he has also a fine dairy and twenty coavs. The only mineral wealth of the farm consists of a stone quarry, which is not open at present. Nearly one-half the farm is wood-land, and bears a magnificent growth of white pine, oak and chestnut. Mr. Mather is a bachelor. He is a member of the Golden Cycle, No. 158, and in politics is a Republican, having cast his first presidential vote for John C. Fremont, in 1856. NATHANIEL H. MATTOCKS, farmer, P. O. Springfield, born September 19, 1822, in Springfield township, this county, in the house Avhere he now resides, is a son of James, Jr., and Isabella (Harkness) Mattocks, the former of whom was born in Kingsbury, Washington Co., N. Y., December 17, 1796 ; removed to Springfield township, this county, with his father, Capt. James Mattocks, in 1806, when ten years of age, when there were not more than eight or ten families in Spring field. Capt. Mattocks was descended of English ancestry. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, and a man of great influence; he was a captain in the militia ; a justice of the peace over thirty years ; a car penter, general mechanic and farmer, and in his Christian principles he was a strong Universalist; he died July 12, 1858, at the age of eighty-eight years. James Mattocks, Jr., the father of subject, who was a carpenter, and an extensive contractor, continued in that 59 1014 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. line until 1846, after which time he devoted himself to farming; he died April 7, 1887, at the age of ninety-two years. Mr. Mattocks' mother was born at Granville, Washington Co., N. Y., October 15, 1798, removed to Springfield township, this county, in 1810; and died January 11, 1876, at the age of seventy-six years. Nathaniel H. Mat tocks is the eldest in a family of five children, and is the only survivor. He followed the trade of wagon-maker for thirty years, having com menced it in 1847, and then took up farming. He owns a fine farm of eighty-five acres. Mr. Mattocks Avas in the Civil War in the One Hundred and Thirty-second P. V. I., and participated in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam, Md., and Fredericksburg, and Chan cellorsville, Va.; afterward he joined the New York Engineers, and in 1864-65 was at City Point, and saw the last shots fired in front of Petersburg, Va., from Fort Steadman Mr. Mattocks Avas married, April 18, 1853, to Elizabeth Huson, who was born May 7, 1821, and they have had one son, Frank H., born June 10, 1854, who has been a merchant, but at present is a farmer. Mr. Mattocks was first a Republican, but is noAv an Independent. He is a member of the G. A. R., and a pensioner of the Civil War ; he is a great temperance man ; a genial gentleman and a good neighbor. THOMAS MAXWELL (deceased), a son of Hector and Irene Maxwell, Avas born in Elmira, N. Y., November 1, 1822. When tAvelve years of age he entered the store of Mr. Tuttle, at Elmira, settled in Troy, and engaged in business where the Pomeroy Bros'. Bank noAv stands. In 1851 he formed a partnership with H. S. Leonard, in Avhich he continued two years. In 1857 he again entered into partnership Avith H. S. and S. M. Leonard, and, as MaxAvell, Leonard & Bros., con tinued in general merchandising until 1862, when the business was sold to S. M. Leonard, and the firm of Maxwell & Leonard engaged in the produce business until the fall of 1866. In 1855, soon after the completion of the railroads at Troy, be became station agent, contin uing in same for a year ; then spent some time in Savannah, Ga., in business with Mr. Horace Morse. In 1866 the firm of Redington, Maxwell & Leonard was formed, and they erected the store noAv occu pied by H. S. Leonard & Son, in which they opened, October 20, of that year, as dealers in general merchandise, continuing until 1874, Avhen Mr. Maxwell retired from active business. Mr. Maxwell always took an active part in the public affairs of Troy, was a member of the council for several terms, and was a prominent Mason and Odd Fellow. A man of sterling character and business capacity, he was honored and respected by all who knew him. He died September 23, 1875. His Avife was Eliza A., daughter of Orrin P. and Eliza A. (Spalding) Ballard, of Troy, to Avhom he was married, September 18, 1850, the issue of the union being two children : Fannie E. (Mrs. McKean Long) and William P. William P. Maxavell was born June 20, 1864, and Avas educated in the public schools of Troy and the academy of Chester, Pa., grad uating as a civil engineer in 1884. In February, 1885, he embarked in the drug business in Troy, as a member of the firm of Stuart & Max well, in which he has since successfully continued. On January 3, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1015 1888, he married Edith, daughter of James and Emily (Walton) Fred ericks, of Lock Haven, Pa. Mr. Maxwell is a member of the Presby terian Church, and is a Republican in politics. WILLIAM MAXWELL, attorney and counselor at law, Towanda, though comparatively a young man in the profession, yet is reckoned one of the prominent and influential members of the Bradford county bar. He is a native of Steuben county, N. Y., born March 18, 1852, a son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Carey) Maxwell, of Irish nativity, who came to America and located and made their home near Bath, in Steu ben county, N. Y., on their farm, and there spent the remainder of their days. The father died in 1853, when his youngest child, William, was about tAvelve months old ; there were three other children then living. The youngest son grew to manhood in his native place, and his mother tenderly cared for him, and sent him to the public schools of the place, and then to Bath, N. Y. Quitting school at an early age, he soon found employment asa handy boy in a store, commencing in the hum blest capacity, but rapidly picking up a knowledge of the business and the ways of the business world, and meeting rapid promotions. Then he entered the office of Peet & Davis, Towanda, as a law student in 1873, where his diligence in his studies, his quick perceptions and ana lytical mind enabled him to master the books, pass a successful exami nation and receive his license as an attorney and counselor at laAv in May, 1875. He at once formed a partnership Avith Mr. Andrew Wilt, Towanda, and they opened their office to clients, to practice in all the courts. This firm continued one year, and then Mr. Maxwell opened his law office, and has called about him a large and eminently respectable clientage, and has pushed his way to the front of the Brad ford bar with unequaled strides. His executive abilities marked him as a leader of men, and the Democracy of Bradford county called him to the chairmanship of their county central committee, and also made him a member of the State committee. He has signalized his dis charge of these onerous official duties with marked ability. The third ward of Towanda is largely Republican, the majority reaching from ninety to one hundred in a poll of about 300 votes. In 1888 he was elected member of council for three years for this Avard (in which he resides), was chosen burgess of Towanda, and at the end of his term, in 1891, was re-elected councilman over his competitor, by more than two votes to his competitor's one. He has rendered the people of the borough valuable service. As an organizer in political campaigns, he has few equals; as a leader, he is regarded as safe and discreet; as a lawyer he is careful and painstaking, and stands at the head of his profession. He was united in marriage, January 3, 1877, to Anna D., daughter of John Beidleman, of German extraction. D. SMITH MAY, farmer, of Granville township, P. O. Windfall, was born in Essex county, N. J., September 30, 1823, and is a son of Anthony and Huldah (Corby) May, who settled in Canton township, this county, in 1834, and later in Troy toAvnship. The father, avIio Avas a manufacturer of tobacco, died in Ithaca, N. Y.; his children were: Daniel S., David J., Stephen W., William H., John C. and Woodford O, all of whom reside in Bradford county. D. Smith May was reared 1016 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in Bradford county from tAvelve years of age, since which time most of his years have been spent in Granville toAvnship. He cleared the farm now owned by Patrick Maney, in Granville, one in Canton owned by Eustace Clason, a part of the farm he now occupies, and also a portion of the Fitch farm. He married, April 1, 1844, Garafilia, daughter of Joel and Esther (Avery) Packard, of Granville township, and has four children : Jerome B., Mary (Mrs. John S. Fenton), Leland and Lillie (twins), the latter being now Mrs. Myers Case. Mr. May was in the Civil War, enlisted September 5, 1864, in Company K, Fifteenth New York Engineers, and was honorably discharged June 13, 1865 ; he is a popular and enterprising citizen ; has held several toAvnship offices ; is a member of the F. & A. M., and in politics is a Republican. T. S. MAY, dealer in boots and shoes, Athens, is a native of West Fairlee, Vt., and was born January 18, 1842. His parents were George and Jane (Fulton) May, the former also a native of West Fairlee, Vt., born January 7, 1800, and died December 2, 1846 ; the latter is noAv a resident of Boston, Mass. George May represented his county in the State Legislature during the years 1836, 1837, 1840 and 1841, and held numerous local offices ; he also aided in organizing the anti-slavery party in Vermont. T. S. May is the youngest in a family of four chil dren, of whom two are living ; his brother, George May, was president of the First National Bank, St. Johnsbury, Vt., until 1885, when he accepted the position of secretary of the Massachusetts Mortgage and Debenture Company, of Boston, where he resides. T. S. May Avas in the employ of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company sixteen years, during thirteen of which he Avas train dispatcher ; then traveled through the West about two and one-half years, when he came to Athens, and engaged in the boot and shoe trade in the spring of 1889. He Avas married in Newark Valley, N. Y., in 1869, to Miss Ellen M., daughter of William H. and Miranda (Burbank) Wade, natives of War ren, Pa., residents of Newark Valley, N. Y.; she is the second in a family of nine children, and was born in Newark Valley, September 13, 1848. Responding to his country's call, Mr. May enlisted, September 12, 1861, in Company C, First Regiment, Vermont Cavalry, and took part in seventy-fiATe battles and skirmishes; Avas wounded and captured near Boonsboro, Md., July 8, 1863, was paroled about the 20th of the same month, and Avas mustered out at Burlington, Vt., August 9, 1865. He is a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, and in politics he is a Republican. WILLIAM H. MAY, farmer, in Springfield township, P. O. Big Pond, Avas born May 4, 1833, in Newark, N. J., a son of Anthony and Hulda (Corby) May, the former of whom was a native of New York City, and came to this county, settling at Canton in 1836; he was a manufacturer of cigars and tobacco, lived to the age of fifty years, and died at Binghamton, N. Y.; the mother died at the age of seventy- two years. The families Avere of English ancestry. William II. May is the sixth in a family of nine children, all sons, five of Avhom are Hat- ing. He enlisted, in the summer of 1861, in Company E, Fifty-second P, V. I,, serving only a few months in the Civil War, as he was HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1017 discharged on account of disability; he is a pensioner and a member of the G. A. R. Three of his brothers — Daniel S., John C. and Woodford C — were ajso in the Civil War, each of whom saw long service and are pensioners. Our subject was married, July 2, 1856, to Mary E. Fleming, born March 5, 1838, a daughter of Freegift R. and Mary E. (Mix) Fleming, nati\res of Tompkins county, N. Y., who set tled in Granville in early life, were farmers and are both still living, the father aged eighty-eight years and the mother aged eighty. Mrs. May is the fifth in a family of eleven children, all of whom are living; her grandfather, Mix, was a soldier in the War of 1812. To Mr. and Mrs. May have been born four children, as follows : Ella S., who died at "the age of eight years ; Lizzie B., born October 31, 1860, wife of John Stir ton, of Ridgebury; Garfilia, Avho died at the age of one year; Fred D., born October 18, 1867, married to Effie D. Covell, and is on the farm with his father. Mr. May has a fine farm of 107 acres on one of the highest and best locations in the State. He is a Republican; has been school director, and has held other offices of public trust; is a member of the I, O. O. F. and of the Patrons of Husbandry. He is a man of sterling Avorth, respected by all who know him. Mrs. May is a member of the Free-Will Baptist Church. F. M. MAYNARD, farmer, Orwell township, P. O. Aliis Hollow, was born in Susquehanna county, this State, February 14, 1832, and is a son of Erastus and Olive (Leonard) Maynard, the former of whom was a farmer. They had a family of eleven children, five yet living. F. M., who is the youngest, passed his boyhood, until he was sixteen years old, in Susquehanna county,- where he received his education in the common schools, and then came to Bradford county, and made his home with his brother, William, in OrAvell township. He attended the district schools of Orwell, until he was twenty-one; then went to New York and worked there one summer, and, returning home, he com menced farming, which he has followed to the present. He enlisted February 2, 1865, in Company K, One Hundred and Eighty-fifth N. Y. V. I., and participated in the following battles: Quaker Road, Gravely Run, Five Forks and Appomattox. After Lee's surrender, and while on a march, he broke down, and was' in hospital about six weeks ; he was discharged from Satterlee Hospital, Philadelphia, June 29, 1865, and returned home. In 1858 he purchased the farm he noAv owns, and sold it in 1864, but repurchased in 1867. It contains thirty acres of well-improved land. His health was greatly injured in the service of his country. He was married, June 2, 1855, to Mahala, daughter of John and Jemima (Horton) Lyons. Mrs. Maynard has been twice married : first time to Elihu Ransom, by whom there Avas one child, Adelbert, born May 12, 1851, married to Frankie Westbrooks, of Standing Stone. Mr. and Mrs. Maynard have been blessed with one child, Montville, born September 28, 1861, married to Eva Wheeler, of Tioga county, and is now a telegrapher. Mr. Maynard is a member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R. They are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is a steward and class-leader. Mr. Maynard has lived the greater portion of his life in the neighborhood where he resides, and has always commanded the respect of all who know him. 1018 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. H. F. MAYNARD, attorney, Athens, is a native of Rome, this county, and was born March 12, 1838, a son of L. M. and P. E. (Wash burn) Maynard, natives of Vermont, Avho came .to Rome, this county, when quite young; the father was French, and the mother was of Irish descent. They were agriculturists. The father died in Rome, in 1859, in his fifty-first year; the mother survives. H. F. Maynard, who is the second in a family of four children, received his education in the com mon schools, at the Rome Academy; in 1868 he commenced a course of law reading in the office of Jacob DeWitt, and had read considerable while at school. He was admitted to the bar, remaining with Jacob DeWitt until 1872, when he formed a partnership with D. C. DeWitt, and they continued together until the fall of 1876, when Mr. Maynard removed to Athens. Previous to this time the firm had a branch office at Athens. Mr. Maynard was married in Rome, this county, August 19, 1861, to Miss Pamlia, daughter of Josiah and Lutheda (Watkins) White, natives of New Hampshire; she is the youngest in a family of four children, and was born in Litchfield, Bradford Co., Pa., August 20, 1840. To this union have been born four children, two now living, viz.: Edward L., married to Miss Anna Rogers, and Paul E. Mr. Maynard is a Democrat, and at the Bradford bar is widely known as a leading and successful lawyer. He is a self-made man, and by his own unaided efforts has risen steadily and successfully from humble and unpretentious beginnings. CHARLES FREDERICK MEAD, farmer, North Towanda town ship, P. O. North Towanda, was born in Athens, July 2, 1860, and is a son of Abijah and Mary (Swain) Mead, the former a native of Athens, Pa., and of Irish origin, the latter a native of Chemung, N. Y., and of Irish origin and American lineage. During the reign of William and Mary of England, in 1690, James, Daniel and Albert Mead came to America, and settled near Boston. James had a son Daniel, who was a Revolutionary soldier ; Daniel had a son James A., who married Hannah Barnard, daughter of Louis Barnard, a French soldier, who came to America with Rochambeau. James A. was a soldier in the War of 1812, and had eleven children : Daniel, Martha, Abijah, Robert, Sarah, James A., Hannah, Elias, Mary, George and Peter. Abijah was born July 31, 1815, followed teaching for twenty years in his native State, and the latter part of his life was a farmer ; he died July 2, 1887. He married, October 5, 1859, Mary, daughter of Charles and Elizabeth (Hollan) Swain, of Chemung, N. Y. They had born to them four children: Charles F., the subject of this sketch ; Ira Henry, born June 12, 1864, and died July 6, 1866 ; Allen Lloyd and El win Floyd (twins), born May 14, 1866. The three sons and their mother are living on the old homestead. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and are Democrats. HIRAM B. MEEKS, farmer, Wilmot township, was born in Steuben county, N. Y, April 12, 1837, and is the eldest of ten children of Edward and Polly (Reydor) Meeks, natives of New York, the former born of Dutch and Scotch descent, and the latter of Dutch ancestry; they settled in this county when Hiram B. was ten years of age. The subject of this memoir began life for himself at the age of sixteen, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY." • 1019 lumbering in Terry, where he remained about one year; then went to Lock Haven, where he was also engaged in lumbering. Returning to Wilmot, he here remained until February 2, 1862, when he enlisted in Company K, Fifty-Eight Regiment P. V. I. He participated in the following battles : Fair Oaks, Black Water, Petersburg, Siege of Rich mond, Fort Harrison, Chafton's Farm, Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Spott sylvania Court House, and several minor engagements ; he received a gunshot-wound at Fort Harrison, which disabled him for about sixty days, when he again returned to his company, and Avas mustered out at City Point, Va., January 29, 1866; then returned to Wilmot township, and purchased his present home, where he has since been engaged in farming. On November 22, 1866, Mr. Meeks was married to Rebecca M., daughter of William and Margaret (Asley) Bartley, of Milledge- ville, 111. They have had seven children, viz.: Captola B., born August 16, 1867, died June 19, 1870 ; William W., born December 12, 1868, died September 11, 1869 ; Pollie M., born July 10, 1870, married to A. A. Schock, May 7, 1891 ; Inez V., born June 6, 1872; RobinaEtta, born June 2, 1875, died March 2, 1879 ; Loema A., born April 9, 1877, and Edna M., born February 4, 1880. Mr. Meeks is a Republican, and has held the office of town commissioner two terms. ANDREW MELVILLE, contractor and builder, Luther's Mills, was born in 1843,. a son of Peter C. and Lucinda M. (Travis) Melville, the former of whom was of Irish origin, and by trade a carpenter. The father removed to Burlington, from Albany, when he was six years of age; the mother's family were among the early settlers of the township. Great-grandfather Travis was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. The paternal grandfather was born in Ireland. Andrew Mel ville was reared to the trade with his father, but in September, 1861, he enlisted in Company F, Fifty-Second P. V. L, in which he served three years, and then re-enlisted, so that his whole term of service was for nearly the entire war. On July 3, 1864, he was taken prisoner with his company, as was also their colonel (ex-Governor Hoyt), and they were held in Andersonville and Libby prisons; he Avas wounded by the explosion of a shell, and was honorably discharged, January 12, 1865. He is now a pensioner. At the close of his army life Mr. Melville engaged in the building and contracting business with his brother, John C, and they have carried on an extensive and successful trade since their commencement; they are, without doubt, the most enterprising gentlemen in their line of business in their vicinity. He was married, March 16, 1868, to Harriet S. Grist, by whom he has had two children, Harry T. and Walter E. Mr. Melville is a Republican in politics, and has been town clerk twenty-one years in succession; is a member of the G. A. R., and is much respected. JOHN D. MERCUR, M. D., Towanda, was, from both sides of the house, the descendant of as illustrious families as have ever formed a portion of the strong men and women of the "Northern Tier" of the old CommonAvealth. A native of the borough of Towanda, born July 15, 1853, to Judge Ulysses and Sarah Simpson (Davis) Mercur, the son spent his youth and childhood in his father's family, and among their good friends in the borough, attending the public schools, 1020 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and when sufficiently advanced he became a student at Phillips Exeter Academy, whence he passed to Harvard University, and was grad uated from Jefferson Medical College, an M. D., in 1878. He then practiced one year in the Philadelphia Hospital, where he had all the advantages of a practical application of the theories to which he had been a diligent student, during the preceding years. He returned in June, 1889, to .his old home and friends, in Towanda, offered his services to the good people, and has continued actively in the practice to the present time. Dr. Mercur inclines to the political faith of the grand old Republican party, and worships at the Episcopal Church; he is a member of the Sons of Revolution, and of the Medical Society of Philadelphia, and served two years as delegate to the State Medical Society. He makes iiis home at the family residence, with his widowed mother. RODNEY A. MERCUR, a prominent member of the Bradford county bar, was born in Towanda, September 29, 1851, and is the eld est son of the late Chief-Justice Ulysses and Sarah Simpson (Davis) Mercur. He was reared in his native town, and was educated at Sus quehanna Collegiate Institute, Phillips Academy, at Exeter, N. II., and Harvard University; studied law with the late Judge Paul D. Morrow, of Towanda; was admitted to the Bradford county bar, May 3, 1875; was admitted to practice in the United States Circuit and District Courts, June 20, 1876, and to the Supreme Court of Pennsyl vania, March 11, 1878. On May 29, 1877, he was commissioned Reg ister in Bankruptcy for the Western District of Pennsylvania, and filled the office from 1875 to 1879. Mr. Mercur was associated in business with D. A. Overton, from his admission to 1879, since which time he has been in active practice alone. He was married, June 12, 1879, to Mary, daughter of James M. and Louisa (Overton) Ward, of Towanda, and has two children living, Sarah D. and Rodney A., Jr. Mr. Mercur is an active member of the Episcopal Church, of which he has served as a vestryman twelve years, and is now the junior warden and treasurer. He has represented his parish in Diocesan Convention a number of years, and Avas a lay deputy to the General Conventions of the Protestant Episcopal Church at Chicago in 1886, and at New York in 1889. He has always taken an active interest in politics, and was elected an alternate delegate to the National Republican Conven tion held at Chicago in 1888; is a director, and the solicitor of the First National Bank, of Towanda, and is also a director of the James H. Hawes Manufacturing Company, the ToAvanda Gas Company, also the ToAvanda Cemetery Association, and is a member of the Union League, of Philadelphia, and the Pennsylvania Society of the Sons of Revolution, also a commissioner to the World's Columbian Exposition from the State of Pennsylvania. JOHN MEREDITH, grocer, Towanda, was born at Brady's Bend, Armstrong Co., Pa., July 20, 1843, a son of Evan and Margaret (Lewis) Meredith, natives of Wales. His parents came to America in 1840, locating in Pittsburgh, and in 1861 remoA^ed to Bradford county, where his father, who had charge of the Barclay ' mines tracks, Avas accidentally killed, January 8, 1864; he had been twice married, and by HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1021 his first Avife had one daughter, Mary (Mrs. John Bennett) ; by his second Avife, Margaret Lewis, he had three children, who grew to maturity, viz.: John, Martha (Mrs. Thomas Muir) and Thomas. John Meredith, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Armstrong county, and on September 10, 1861, he enlisted in Company F, Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania Regiment, participating in the battles of Stone River, Chattanooga and many minor engagements ; he never had a furlough, and was honorably discharged at Kittanning, Pa., November 4, 1864, after three years and tAvo months' service. In the fall of 1864 he came to Towanda, where he engaged in the grocery business, until 1872; then he entered the employ of the Cambria Iron Company as manager of their store at Henrietta, Blair Co., Pa., and filled that position two years, when he resigned, and went to Confluence, Somer set county, where he was engaged in the drug business, and was also agent for the Adams Express Company two years. He then took charge of a store at Hopewell, Bradford county, for the Sandy Run Coal Company, until 1880, Avhen he located in Canton, where he Avas elected justice of the peace, which office he resigned in May, 1883; again he came to Towanda, and held the position of night officer on the police force tAvo years, when he resigned, and has since been engaged in thegrocery business. On December 14, 1870, he married Mary E., daughter of Jane and Ann (Perry) Morley, of Johnstown, Pa., formerly of Cornwall, England, by Avhom he has seven children living, viz.: James E., Kate B., Charles, Margaret, Ann, Bertha and John A. Logan. Mr. Meredith is a Avell-known and respected citizen of Brad ford county, and, is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, I. O. O. F., K. of P., G. A. R. and Union Veteran Legion ; he is a Republican in politics. H. A. MERRILL was born March 22, 1849, in Litchfield township, this county, in the house where he now resides, a son of Ira and Maria C. (Wolcott) Merrill. The father, who was a farmer and a carpenter, spent a greater portion of his life in Litchfield township, and died March 31, 1878, aged sixty-nine years, eleven months and eleven days ; his widow still survives him. The grandfather, Eleazer Merrill, was a native of Connecticut, and moved his family into Litchfield (on the same ground where the family residence now stands) in the year 1803, and when he had paid his teamster he found he had just one dollar left. But nothing daunted, he, with that sterling energy and ambition that characterized the pioneers of this country, set to work to provide for the wants of his family of four small children and an invalid wife, by Avalking three or more miles, crossing the river in a canoe, and working by the day, carrying his provisions home on his back. So he worked his way, until he succeeded in clearing over 100 acres of the wilderness; he died April 4, 1855, at the age of eighty-two years, eight months, twenty-one days ; his wife, Nancy, died August 29, 1842, aged seventy-four years. The great-grandfather, also named Eleazer Mer rill, died in December, 1819, aged eighty years; his wife, Rebecca, died January 3, 1827, aged eighty-five. Solomon Merrill, the grandfather's brother, died October 3, 1844, aged seventy-four; Abigal, his wife, died August 13, 1833, aged fifty-five years. In Ira Merrill's family there 1022 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. were six children, viz.: Edwin, a farmer, of Litchfield township; Eliza O, married to B. S. Hadlock, a farmer of Athens township ; Emily L., who makes her home with her brother Edwin; IraF., who lives on the homestead ; H. A., the subject of this sketch ; Martha M., married to W. F. Perry, a farmer of Litchfield ; Marion, Avho died in infancy; Susie O, an adopted child ; Mary J., also adopted, married to Alvin Pha- lin, a farmer. The subject of these lines was reared on a farm, and received his early education in the common schools. His first business on his o\vn account was keeping a dairy. Mr. Merrill was married March 11, 1874, to Almira, daughter of Moses and Hannah (Cornell) Park. Mr. Merrill has joined the Order of the World, is a member of the Universalist Church, in politics is a Democrat, and has held the office of town clerk one year. A. B. MIDDAUGH, proprietor of livery and Herdic line, Athens, is a native of Sullivan county, N. Y., born October 27, 1841, a son of Eli and Ellen (Decker) Middaugh, the former of whom was a con tractor and died in 1847, in his thirty-second year, the latter died July 3, 1888, in her sixty-sixth year. Our subject, ivho was the elder of two children, left Sullivan county Avhen eight years old for Tioga county, N. Y., and worked at farming and teaming, and in 1862, he went to the woods until 1863, when he went to work in a lumber mill in Will iamsport, clerking in a store during the winter ; then was employed as sawyer for Lentz & White about two years, and about fifteen years was foreman for Mr. Herdick, the extensive public-Avorks' contractor, of Williamsport ; from there he went to Philadelphia, Avhere he remained a short time. In the fall of 1880 he went to Washington, and was there two years, running Herdic coaches for Patts & Herdick, known as the Herdic Phaeton Company ; from there he came to Athens and estab lished the Herdic line from Athens to Waverly, in connection with which Herdic line he started a livery stable at the same time. He is also extensively engaged in the stone business, and has teams to deliver the stone from the quarries. Mr. Middaugh was married in Williams port, in 1863, to Miss Meda, daughter of William Angle, a native of this county (she is the sixth in a family of eight children, and Avas born in this county in 1847). Mr. Middaugh is a member of the F. &. A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, and is a Republican. CARROLL E. MILLER, of the firm of Miller Brothers, propri etors of saw, planing and shingle mill, Alba, is a native of Chemung, N. Y., born June 8, 1850, a son of Phillip S. and Cynthia (Jones) Miller, natives of Delaware and Chemung counties, N. Y., respectively. Phillip S. Miller was a lumberman, and died in 1889, in his sixty-third year; his widow resides in Alba. The subject of these lines, who is the eldest in the family of three children, was reared in Chemung county, until five years of age, when the family removed to Granville township, where they resided seven years ; then moved to Alba, where he received an academic education; also learned the carriage-maker's trade, and in 1869, he went to Corning, N. Y., where he worked at his trade, until the fall of 1872; thence removed to Grover, and was engineer and sawyer in a sawmill, until 1876; then returned to Alba, and engaged in business for himself. He was married in Grover, in HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1023 1874, to Olive E., daughter of Allen and Samantha (Rockwell) Taylor, natives of Canton township. Allen Taylor was a farmer, and died in 1889; his widow resides in Grover. Mrs. Miller, who was the third in order of birth in a family of five ohildren, was born in Grover, March 4, 1851, and died February 13, 1890; she was a member of the Chris tian Church. To Mr. and Mrs. Miller were born three children, as fol lows: Carroll (deceased), Edith M. and Maud. Mr. Miller is a member of the I. O. O. F., Canton Lodge, No. 321. In politics he is a Repub lican, and has served as burgess, and several terms as member of the borough council in Alba; also several terms as school director and president of the school board. F. W. MILLER, of the firm of Miller Brothers, Alba, was born in Granville township, this county, July 28, 1857, the second in the family of three children of Phillip S. and Cynthia (Jones) Miller. He received his education in the common schools, and served an appren ticeship at the carriage-maker's trade with J. S. Reynolds, in Alba. He began working at his trade in 1875, and continued in same until 1881, when he became a member of the firm of Miller Brothers. He was married in Canton township, in 1878, to Sarah H., eldest daughter of Ward and Helen (Lilley) Warren, natives 'of this county; she was born in Canton township, May 12, 1857. Ward Warren was a farmer and died in 1881 in his fiftieth year ; Mrs. Warren died in 1872. To Mr. and Mrs. Miller was born one daughter, Lillie H. The family are members of the Christian Church. Mr. Miller is a member of the I. O. O. F., Canton Lodge, No. 321. Politically he is a Republican, and has served as auditor and town clerk, and is a member of the borough council. FREDRICK J. MILLER, of the firm of F. J. Miller & Son, LeRays ville, Avas born in Bavaria, Germany, in 1839, a son of Peter Miller, avIio was born in the same place, in 1810, was a shoemaker by trade, and came to Honesdale, Pa., in 1841, where he followed his trade until his death, in 1858. Peter Miller married, in Germany, Elizabeth Wagner, and had one child, F. J. Our subject was educated in Hones dale, Pa., learned his trade there, and worked fifteen years ; then opened a shop in Honesdale, in 1859, which he conducted until 18 — , when he Avent to Erie, and thence, in 1883, to Warren County; then came to LeRaysville and worked for the Northern Tier Cigar Manu facturing Company, until April 19, 1888, when he opened his present shop in company with his son, John F. , under the firm name of F. J. Miller & Son. They have been generally successful, and are doing an annual business of $5,500. Mr. Miller is a member of Lodge. No. 88, I. O. O. F., and No. 402, K. of P.; also of the G. A. R., Spalding Post, No. 33. In 1860, he married Elizabeth, eldest daughter of John and Amie (Neat) Evans, and they have had ten children, as folloAvs : Carrie, born in 1861, wife of AndreAv Button ; Charles, born in 1863, died in infancy; John, born in 1864 ; Agnes, born in 1866 ; Margaret, born in 1869; Elizabeth, born in 1870; Isabel, born in 1873; Albert, born in 1875 ; Nettie, born in 1878, and William, born in 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Miller and family attend the Congregational Church. John F. Miller was born in Honesdale, Pa., received a common-school education and 1024 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in his sixteenth year began his trade with A. S. Piatt, of Warren county, this State, with whom he worked four months; then Avorked for a Mr. Flacke, of the same place, nine months, after which he was with the Warren Cigar Company, two years; then he went to Chicago, where he followed his trade, and in the fall of 1884, came here and worked for the Northern Tier Cigar Manufacturing Company, four years, and then went into business with his father. Mr. Miller was married, October 8, 1890, to Ella, the second of three children born to Emanuel and Corinthia (Brink) Ashton. Mr. Miller is a member of LeRaysville Lodge, No. 471, F. & A. M., and Post, No. 232, Sons of Veterans. LOUIS J. MILLER, LeRaysville, was born October 8, 1845, in Dansville, N. Y., a son of Theodore and Elizabeth (Truman) Miller. In his father's family Avere seven children of whom Louis J. is the youngest. His parents were natives of Germany ; the father a cabinet maker by trade, died in 1875, at the age of eighty; the mother died in 1870, at the age of seventy-five years. Louis J. Miller, the subject of the sketch, began life for himself when sixteen years of age by enlisting, October 23, 1861, in Company E, One Hundred and Fourth Regiment, N. Y. V. I., and was in the following engagements : Cedar Mountain, Rappahannock Station, Thoroughfare Gap, Bull Run, Chan tilly, South Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Get tysburg, Wilderness, Cold Harbor and the Weldon raid. At Bull Run he received a gunshot wound in the left breast, and at Cold Harbor in the left leg, but was not out of service long enough to miss any of the battles of his regiment ; he was made corporal No. 1, in 1864, which position he held until he was mustered out at Elmira, N. Y., July 29, 1865. Mr. Miller then returned to his home at Dansville, where he served a barber's apprenticeship, since which time he has been engaged in that business ; nine years in Bath, N. Y., and the past seven years in LeRaysville. He married, April 25, 1875, Sarah Fronk, and the following children were born to them : Louis IL, Herbert G. and Gracie B. His wife died July 10, 1889, and his three children are living Avith friends at Cohocton, N. Y. Mr. Miller is a Republican. RUSSEL MILLER, farmer, Asylum township, P. 0. Durell, Avas born June 15, 1824, in Laddsburg, Albany township, a son of Daniel and Hannah (Fowler) Miller, na.tives of Elizabethtown, N. J., of Ger man and English extraction, respectively. Daniel Miller, who was a tanner, currier and shoemaker, came to this county and settled in Monroe township, about 1801, and in 1805, he removed to Laddsburg; he was one of the valuable pioneers, and experienced many hardships, but being a man of strong nerve and unflinching resolutions, he carved his way in the wilderness to ultimate triumph; he built several saw mills and a gristmill in that town, and became an extensive farmer. The subject of this sketch yvas reared to his father's vocations, and Avhen eighteen took charge of and conducted the business from that on, and, being of the same persevering nature as his sire, made a suc cess of life. He was married March 22, 1848, to Margaret O., daughter of Moses A. and Susan (LaAvrence) Ladd, and there have been born to them five children, as folloAvs: Alice L., born June 13, 1849, and died HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1025 at the age of sixteen years and six months ; Newton L., born Novem ber 10, 1854, married to Emma A. Brown ; Austin R., born May 14, 1862, married to Eliza J. Benjamin: Ettie A., born November 9, 1864, wife of Gurdon E. Delong ; Eiliston E., born October 3, 1869 — all being prosperous and successful farmers. Mr. Miller, with all his other ex tensive enterprises, put up a building, and opened a general store at Laddsburg, and conducted it many years ; he removed to Durell in September, 1877, and is at present the owner of a fine farm under a good state of cultivation ; he is a member of the Masonic Fraternity and the I. O. O. F.; he is a Republican, and has filled many offices of public trust, such as school director and commissioner. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have been members of the Protestant Methodist Church, since before their marriage, and he has been one of the officers, and several times a delegate to the Conferences. WILLIAM W. MILLER, farmer and stock-grower, P. O. North Rome, was born in Rome toAvnship, this county, August 11, 1833, and is a son of Hiram and Esther (Clark) Miller, the former of Avhom was born in New York, was a farmer, and had a family of six children, two of Avhom survive : William W. and a daughter, Mrs. Marcus Vancise. William W. Miller attended the district school a few terms, and at the age of nine had to make his own living and quit school. He Avas married at the age of twenty -four years, and from that time dates the beginning of his prosperity, which has continued to the present time. Soon after marriage he purchased his first farm, which he still owns, twelve acres of which had been " chopped," and one and one-half acres partly cleared, an old log house being the only building. He has devoted a great portion of his time to lumbering. On August 21, 1862, he enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment, P. V. I., but, being seized with typhoid fever, he was discharged on surgeon's cer tificate, and returned home, where he remained but a few months, Avhen he again enlisted, this time in Company I, One Hundred and Eighty- seventh Regiment, P. V. I., until the close of the war, being mustered out at Harrisburg with, the regiment. He received a flesh-wound in the right leg from a minie ball, Avas in the battle of Fredericksburg, and many other minor engagements. After returning, he resumed farming and now owns 325 acres. Mr. Miller was united in wedlock, November 17, 1850, to Sarah, daughterof William L. Taylor and Sarah (Vastbinder) Taylor, by which union there are six children yet living, two being deceased, as follows: E. M., married to Rosa Johnson ; William, died in infancy; Mary, married to Godfrey Eiklor ; Helen, married to George Manold, and died in 1885; A. B., married to Vernie Eiklor; Sarah, Stella, Clara. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Mr. Miller has been a member thirty-five years, and a class-leader nearly the whole time, also a steward ; is a member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R., a member of the Farmers' Alliance, and is a Repub lican. Mr. Miller is a self-made man, as he entered the wilderness with no assistance but his faithful wife, and has accumulated a fortune by his OAvn exertions. GEORGE B. MILLS, farmer, in Towanda township, P. O. Towanda. was born in North Towanda, this county, April 13, 1829, a son of 1026 HISTORY OF BR\DFORD COUNTY. Stephen A. and Amanda (Fanning) Mills, natives of this State. His grandfather, Edward Mills, came to this county in 1808. His great grandfather was brutally murdered by the British soldiers at Fort GrisAvold, Conn. George B. Mills, the subject of this sketch, was united in marriage, June 19, 1856, with Ruth J., daughter of Samuel K. Harkness, a native of Madison county, N. Y.; they have the follow ing children : Florence A., wife of Sidney R. Smith, residing in Rome, this county; Leslie D., married to Orris Smith; Willis, married to Isabel McMurran. Mr. Mills' present home is the homestead of his father, who built the old stone house, in 1839, which was for a long time used as a hotel, and is consequently one of the historic places in the county ; he has the old farm under a fine state of cultivation, and is considered one of the principal farmers of the township. Mr. Mills has been for many years an active member of Masonic Lodge, No. 108; has been school director nearly twenty years ; he is a Republican in politics, and takes an interest in the affairs of the county. Mrs. Mills and all of her children are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, ToAvanda ; she has been an active worker in the Sunday- school. SILAS MILLS, farmer, P. O. North ToAvanda, one of the oldest resi dents of North Towanda, Avas born in Ulster township, this county, Sep tember 12, 1808, and is a son of Edward and Lusinah (Stuart) Mills. Edward Mills was a native of Connecticut, born August 12, 1780, whose father was killed by the British in the massacre at Fort Gris wold, when Edward was three years old. While yet a child, Edward's mother married a Mr. Smith, and moved to Delaware county, N. Y., Avhere he was reared and married. Edward Mills settled in Ulster toAAmship, this county, in 1808, and in 1809 moved to what is now North Towanda township, and in 1814 purchased a farm, a part of Avhich is now owned and occupied by his son, Silas, most of which he cleared and improved, and resided there for many years. In later life he removed to this place; his wife died while on a visit to Illinois, October 29, 1847, and after her death he concluded to remain in that State, and resided there until his death, which occurred in Winnebago, July 5, 1869. He was an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and an esteemed citizen. His children were as folloAvs: Stephen A., Hannah S. (twice married ; her first husband was George K. Bingham, and her second Avas Cornelius Coolbaugh) ; Esther (also twice married ; her first husband was Erastus Pratt, and her second was Abram Huff); Silas Freeman, Dr. Edward, Garner O, and Lusinah (Mrs. Wright). Silas Mills was reared in North ToAvanda, received a limited education in the schools of his day, has always been a farmer, and has been a continuous resident of the old homestead since 1855. He married, February 28, 1840, Mary E., daughter of Eleazer (Rutty) Aliis, of Orwell, this county, and by her he had five children, four of Avhom greAv to maturity, viz.:, Sophia (Mrs. George N. Strunk), Viletta, Marvin V. and Mary (Mrs. Charles Biles). Mr. Mills is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics is a Republican. AUSTIN MITCHELL, proprietor of foundry and machine shops, Troy, was born in Franklin, Delaware Co., N. Y., August 5, 1827, and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1027 is a son of William and Mabel (Chaunay) Mitchell, Avho settled in Bur lington township, this county, in 1831, where the father, who was a blacksmith by trade, resided until his death, which occurred October 4, 1847; the mother died April 22, 1855. Their children were Leroy, Chaunay, Austin, Eugene, Oscar and James. The subject of this sketch was reared in Burlington toAvnship, received a common-school education and learned the blacksmith and machinist trade. He worked as a journeyman up to 1877, in which year he embarked in business for himself in Troy (whither he had come in 1847), in which he has since continued, carrying on a machine foundry and general repair shops. Mr. Mitchell Avas twice married, on first occasion to Samantha, daughter of Benjamin Shattuck, of Troy, and by her he has had six children : Frank, Eugene, Mary, Austin, Jr., Emma (Mrs. C. J. Bloom) and James; the second wife of Mr. Mitchell was Jane, daughter of John Berry, of Gillett, Pa., and by this union there have been four children: Mary, George, Nellie and John. Mr. Mitchell is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is a Royal Arch Mason. Politically he is a Democrat, and has served as member of the council of Troy one term. HON. B. B. MITCHELL, a well-knowii druggist of Troy, was born on a farm in Tioga county, Pa., January 14, 1839, and is a son of Richard and Harriet M. (Dartt) Mitchell, formerly of Vermont, of Scotch-Irish descent, and among the first settlers of Tioga county. Hon. B. B. Mitchell, the subject of this sketch, was educated in the schools of his native county, Lewisburg University and Bryant & Stratton's Business College, Buffalo, N. Y; was in the employ of E. Bradford Clark, of Philadelphia, as bookkeeper, from January 1, 1859, until January 1, 1860. In the latter year he established a drug and book business in Troy, Pa., and, though a stranger and without any practical experience, succeeded in building up a prosperous business. In August, 1861, he helped recruit and organize the first cavalry company in the county, was chosen first lieutenant, and Avith his company joined Harlan Independent Cavalry at Philadelphia, Pa. The raising of this regiment, which Avas authorized by the Secretary of War, was from different States, and was to be on same footing as regulars. Gov. Curtin, however, took issue Avith the Secretary of Way, claiming the Pennsylvania troops ; he was finally successful, and then the Eleventh Pennsylvania Cavalry was organized, and the Troy company became Company F, in that regiment. In 1862 Lieut. Mitchell Avas promoted to captain, and took an active part in the cam paign and battles of the Avar, until October, 1864, Avhen he was offered a major's commission ; but having already served over the three years for Avhich he had enlisted, and being broken in health, he declined further promotion, left the service, and returned to Troy, and, as soon as his health permitted, resumed mercantile business, Avhich he has continued to prosecute Avith marked success. On May 29, 1865, he married Ellen E., only daughter of Samuel W. and A. Malvina (Davidson) Pomeroy, of Troy, by Avhom he had seven children, as follows: Louie P. {deceased), Josephine P., Nannie B., Samuel Pome roy (deceased), Benjamin B., Henrietta D. (deceased), and Emma 1028 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Eloise. In 1884, with three others, he engaged in the live-stock busi ness, on the plains of South Dakota. In 1885 the live-stock company Avas incorporated as the Keystone Land and Cattle Company, with an authorized capital of half a million ; Capt. Mitchell was chosen secre tary and treasurer of the company, and has continued to look after their large business interests, both at home and in the West, to the present time. For many years he has taken an active interest in politics and public matters generally; was a member of the State Legislature from 1882 until 1884; has served as justice of the peace of Troy by appointment, and by election has been member of the borough council and clerk of the borough, an active member of the board of education for fifteen years, and is at present secretary of said board. He has, for many years, presented the Mitchell Gold Medal to the pupil, in the Troy graded and high schools, most perfect in orthography. He was a charter member of the first G. A. R. Post at Troy, and was its commander, two years ; was also a charter member of Glenwood Cemetery Association, and has continued its secretary to the present time. Mr. Mitchell is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and was three years superintendent of the Sunday-school ; he is a Sir Knight Templar* a member of the G. A. R., and in politics is a Republican. WILLIAM MITTEN, farmer, Wyalusing township, P. O. Wyalu sing, who is one of the feAv survivors of the Mexican War, was born in County Monaghan, Ireland, about 1819, a son of Thomas and Mary (Conn) Mitten, and came to the United States with his parents in 1839, locating in Herrick township. His mother died when he was two or three years old, and his father was married, the second time, to Jane Wood; he had three children by his first marriage, viz.: Joseph, who died in infancy; James, now residing in Herrick, and William; the children by his second marriage Avere: Susan, Avhodied in infancy; Mary Ann, married to Nesbit Gamble (now deceased) and Eliza, married to Jesse Carman, and living in Camptown. William Mitten, the subject of this sketch, spent his time on the farm until May 30, 1844, when he enlisted in Company H, Eighth Regiment, United States Infantry, commanded by Capt. J. V. Boneford, stationed at St. Augustine, Fla. He remained there until June 8, 1845, and was transferred to Tampa Bay, and same fall to Corpus Christi, Texas, where he remained until March 9, 1846, when the army was started on the march for the East, along the bank of the Rio Grande, and the troops of Avhich he was a mem ber, were engaged for some time in building Fort BroAvn. He was of the party that started on .May 1, for Fort Isabel for supplies, securing which, they started, on May 7, on their return, and on May 8 fought in the battle of Palo Alto. The next day they again encountered the enemy at Resacca de la Palma, where they were posted in the dry bed of a ravine; here the Eighth Infantry, commanded by Col. Belknap, was held as reserve to support the attacking army, but Avere soon into the fight. The Mexicans fought until nearly all Avere slain or taken prisoners of war. The army crossed the Rio Grande on the 18th, and shortly afterward were taken by Avater to Comorgo, whence they started on the campaign against Monterey; during this campaign his HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1029 regiment was under fire one night from the division of deserters from the American army, and Captain McKavett was killed, and others wounded ; the next day he was in the division that stoned and cap tured the Bishop's palace; next day they captured the city and army of Monterey, and shortly afterward started to Saltill, which was taken without opposition. He then joined the forces of Gen. Scott, and, after the army concentrated and organized, started on the campaign against the city of Mexico; the army landed through the surf at San Juan de Ullo, Worth's division being the first to reach shore, and at once engaged the enemy, which, after a short but severe skirmish, fell back; they then invested the city of Vera Cruz, and remained there after the fall of the city, until April 18, 1847, when they had moved on and fought the battle of Cerro Gordo, where Santa Anna's wooden leg Avas captured; then Puebla Avas surrendered Avithout a fight, and the American flag unfurled upon the walls of the city that the Mexi cans boasted would never surrender. A few days later, after suffering from severe cold in the mountain, they came before the fortifications of the City of Mexico; then, on the twentieth, came the storming and capture of Contreras and Cherubusco, his company being the first to enter the latter fort, which they did after wading a ditch filled breast- high with Avater; the next engagement he participated in was the storming of Molino del Rey, where he narrowly escaped a bayonet thrust, turning aside so that the bayonet pierced his knapsack ; next was the storming of Chapuitepec, where Longstreet Avas wounded, and carried to the rear on the back of William Mitten; his division was under a constant fire along the acqueduct road into the city, where he lost one of his companions, Sergt. John H. Hoose, Avhom he had tented with since entering, the army; they Avorked their way into the city, and the war was over. From November 14th, Worth's army was away from the city, occupying the city of Toluca, until August, 1848, when they started for home, making the trip by way of Vera Cruz and New Orleans, thence to St. Louis, Mo., and W. Mitten was there. stationed for a short time, and in the fall of 1848 started for Port Lavaca, in Texas; the cholera, broke out in his regiment, and out of the remnant left from the Mexican War, one hundred and twenty- seven fell victims to its ravages; from there he came home on a thirty days' furlough, and Avas discharged without rejoining his regiment; he was promoted to corporal at St. Augustine, and to first sergeant at Monterey, also was honored by having the straps taken from another sergeant and given to him; he was in the service five years, and met Avith many narroAv escapes from the dangers of the field and march. After returning home be settled down to the duties of civil life, taking up farming, and he has passed the remainder of his life so far in the vicinity where he now 1 i ves ; he now has 137 acres of land, beautifully located and well improved. On September 6, 1849, he Avas united in wedlock Avith Margaret Morrow, a daughter of William Morrow, a prominent farmer of Wyalusing, and to them were born seA'en chil dren, five of Avhom yet survive: Nancy J. married to J. W. Hurst, of Herrick township, and ex-register and recorder of Bradford county; R. J., member of the mercantile house of Mitten, Nesbit & Mitten, of 60 1030 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Tekamah, Neb.; W. T., farmer, having charge of the old homestead; Jessie, married to T. J. Claggett, of Standing Stone, and Mary A., now housekeeper for her father and brother, W. T. Mr. Mitten is a member of the Reformed Presbyterian Church; he neither votes nor sits on juries. He lost his devoted wife by death, April 24, 1891. This family fills a prominent place in the love and respect of the community in which they live and move. FREDERICK A. MOGER retired farmer, P. O. Wyalusing, Avas born in Standing Stone, this county, July 29, 1842, a son of Nathaniel and Anna (Huyck) Moger. His parents Avere natives of Bradford county, of German origin; his mother died about thirty years ago, and his father, av ho Avas a farmer in Standing Stone, died in 1886, aged eighty-four years. They had a family of ten children, viz.: Sally, Margaret, Jane, William, Franklin, Lydia Ann, Frederick A., Arte- mesia, Inez and Anna, seven of Avhom are still living, and six reside in Bradford county. Frederick was born and reared on a farm, received a limited common-school education, and worked on his father's farm until March 1, 1864, when he enlisted in Company E, Fifty-second P. V. V. I., and served until July 22, 1865, when he Avas mustered out Avith his regiment, at Harrisburg; soon after his enlistment he was attached to the Signal Corps and did scout duty the greater portion of his term, thus being in no pitched battles, but enduring as hard and dangerous service as Avas to be found in the army; upon his return home he resumed the occupation of farming, and followed that for a short time; then entered the employ of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, Avhere he remained fourteen years. Prior to this time he had pur chased a farm in Susquehanna county. In March, 1873, he came to Wyalusing, where he has since remained. On February 21, 1871, he married Martha Roberts, widow of Mortimer Roberts, and daughter of Albert Leonard, of Susquehanna county, and to them Avas born one child, who died in infancy. Mr. Moger is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Wyalusing, of Jackson Post, No. 74, G. A. R., and has been an officer of the guard the past three years; politically he is a stanch Democrat, but does not interest himself greatly in political GEORGE P. MONRO, farmer, P. 0. Sylvania, was born in what is now North ToAvanda toAvnship, this county, August 31, 1838, and is a son of Peter and Lavinia (Pettibone) Monro, natives of Bristol, R. I., and Bennington, Vt., respectively; his paternal grandfather, Thomas Monro, son of Dr. Thomas Monro, settled in Columbia township, in 1823, and partially cleared the farm now owned by the heirs of Henry Card, and died there; his wife was Sybil Borden, by whom he had children, all of Avhom grew to maturity: Sally (Mrs. Henry Card), Thomas B., William, Mary T., George, Abram, Peter, Sybil (Mrs. James Metier), Bateman, John and James, of whom Peter Avas born in Bristol, R. I., September 15, 1808 ; came with parents to Columbia township, in 1823, and after attaining his majority worked at the car penter's trade, until 1858; then engaged in mercantile business. He died, February 13, 1888, after a permanent residence in Columbia township of fifty years ; his wife Avas a daughter of Ira and Betsey HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1031 (Tenney) Pettibone, of Manchester, Vt., by whom he had two chil dren: George P. and Lucy L. (Mrs. L. W. Webb). Our subject Avas reared in Columbia township, received a common-school education, and for twenty-seven years Avas with his father in the store at Sylvania, and was postmaster during that period, having been appointed May 8, 1S58. He resigned, October 1, 1885, and has since been engaged in farming. He married, December 25, 1879, Josephine, daughter of Thomas M. and Ann (Eustace) Embrey, of Fauquier county, Va., and has three children ; Ira T., George H. and Max L. Mr. Monro is a member of the Universalist Church ; is a charter member of Sylvan Lodge, No. 926, 1. O. O. F. In politics he is Republican, and in 1860 was appointed assessor of United States Internal Revenue, holding position two years. ALEXANDER MONROE, farmer, of Pike township, P. O., Le Raysville, was born in Sharon, N. Y., October 5, 1838, the youngest living of the eleven children of Jacob and Rachel (Bice) Monroe, the former of whom, who was a blacksmith by trade, and of Scotch-Irish descent, moved from Connecticut, by teams, in March, 1852, to Barker, N. Y., Avhere he died in 1863. Our subject obtained his education chiefly by private study until the age of eighteen. Afterward he attended school at Lodi and Argusville, N. Y., and fitted himself for teaching. He began life for himself in October, 1861, by enlisting in Company F, Twenty-seventh New York Volunteers, and was in the folloAving engagements: West Point, Gaines' Mills, and Seven Days' fight at White Oak Swamp, where his ankle was fractured, Avhile on picket duty. He was mustered out, May 31, 1863, at the expiration of his term. Since that time he has chiefly followed farming, summers, and blacksmithing, winters, and has lived successively at Sharon (N. Y), Franklin (Pa.). Barker (N. Y.), Rush (Pa.), LeRaysville and Towanda, then returned to LeRaysville, Avhere he noAv resides. Mr. Monroe married Miss Emma E., daughter of Ira and Polly H. (Shum- Avay) Hyde, natives of Connecticut, and of English origin ; the children born to them are as follows: Arthur B., born September 1, 1868, a graduate of the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, class of '90, and one of Bradford county's most successful teachers ; Addie O, born March 11, 1871, also a teacher, and Mertie N., born February 22, 1881. Mr. Monroe is a member of Spalding Post, No. 33, G. A. R., and is a Pro hibitionist in politics. M. MONTGOMERY, stone dealer, Siivara, Avas born in Delaware county. N. Y., May 25, 1825, a son of Alexander and Mary Ann (Hopkins) Montgomery. He is of Scotch-Irish descent, but both par ents were natives of Washington county, N. Y. His father was a farmer by occupation, and passed his entire life in New York. They had a family of nine children, viz.: Hannah, Daniel, Lydia, Polly Ann, John, Martin, J. W., Moses and Olive A., of whom three are now living, as follows: Martin, Polly Ann (who married John Orcutt, and now resides in Washington county. N. Y.) and J. W., a farmer and miller, of Greene county, N. Y. Our subject Avas born and reared on a farm, but did not attend school until after his fourteenth year, and then only a short period of eighteen months. Until after his majority 1032 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. he then attended Hobart Academy and State Normal, of New York, and began teaching; taught in New York about three years, and in 1854 he came to Bradford county, where he taught the school at Merryall, also engaged in operating a saAvmill at that place. He remained in Wyalusing township about three years, and then removed to Avhat is known as Montgomery Corners, on Spring Hill, where he resided until 1874, Avhen he removed to Siivara and purchased his present home. He had learned the trade of stone-mason, which, together with teaching, constituted his occupation until 1883. In 1879 he first turned his attention to the stone business, and began operating a quarry in the neighborhood of Siivara, known as the CoggsAvell quarry, which he operated five years, and then opened his present quarry, knoAvn as the Montgomery quarry, which is situated on the land of A. J. Siivara, .and is an excellent place, producing both flag and stock of superior quality, Avhich he markets on the yards at Skinner's Eddy. He employs a force of about seven men, and has an output of twenty-five hundred feet per week. Mr. Montgomery Avas united in marriage, December 31, 1851, with Esther Morris, a daughter of Gilbert Morris, of Ulster county, N. Y., and their union Avas blessed with tAvo children: Mary £., who married William Sterling, a stone-cutter, of Siivara, and Hayden, Avho engaged with his father in the stone business. Mrs. Montgomery died March 16, 1883. Our subject is a member of the Methodist Protestant Church, of Siivara; politically, he is a Republican, and takes an active part in local politics, but has never been a place-seeker. Mr. Montgomery has one of the best of the many excellent quarries in his section, and has it fitted with a good derrick, and all modern improve ments for getting out stone. DR. HORACE M. MOODY, physician, East Smithfield, born December 7, 1838, a son of Moses and Phoebe (Allen) Moody. Moses was the eldest of five sons, and came to this county with his father Avhen five years of age, from Haverhill, Mass. The grandfather' of the Doctor, Nathaniel Peasly Moody, was in the senior class in Yale College at the commencement of the Revolutionary War ; he enlisted on a privateer and went to sea, but was soon captured by the British and pressed into the Dutch service; after two years he Avas exchanged, and Avent into the army, rose to the rank of major and was at the surren der of Burgoyne at YorktoAvn. Nathaniel settled in Rome in 1795, and soon took a possession near the mouth of Ballard creek, and after two years traded for a farm, where the village of Rome now stands, and paid a difference of 180 pounds of maple sugar ; on account of his superior education he was a man of great influence in his time. Hor ace M. Avas educated at the schools of his native village, and at the Old Academy at Smithfield; he read medicine Avith Dr. E. P. Allen, now of Athens, attended one course of lectures at Ann Arbor, and Avas graduated at Geneva Medical College; he commenced the practice of his profession at East Smithfield in 1861. He Avas assistant-surgeon from 1863 until the close of the war, in the One Hundred and Eighty- third Pennsylvania, and was present at the surrender of Lee's army at Clover Hill, Va. He was married, October 26, 1865, to Lucinda L. Allen, a sister of Dr. Allen, born in 1841, and they have one daughter, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1033 Corie Etta, born in 1866. The Moodys have been Federalists, Whigs and Republicans. Dr. Moody has five brothers who have been justices of the peace, and tAvo, Myron and Nelson, were soldiers in the Civil War. He was the first man to help in the erection of the monument at the Centre in memory of the fallen heroes of the war, from Smith- field township, Avhich was the first monument erected in northern Pennsylvania; he is a commander of the G. A. R., and a Freemason. ULYSSES MOODY, merchant, Asylum, was born May 9, 1811, in Rome, this county, a son of Nathaniel P. and Susan (Griffin) Moody. Nathaniel P. Moody was a Revolutionary soldier; he offered himself to his country early in the war, but being too young was rejected, and was then shipped on board a privateer, at Boston, but in a few days it was captured at sea by the British, and he was taken as a prisoner of war to England, where he was pressed into service in the war against the Dutch. At the time of Burgoyne's defeat, he was exchanged, and then enlisted in the War for Independence, in which he experienced many hardships ; he was a man of great perseverance and sterling worth, and settled in Rome, this county, in 1790 ; his son, Benjamin, was the first white male child born in the county east of the river in Rome, Warren, Windham and Orwell. Ulysses is the youngest, of nine children. He was married, August 17, 1837, to Mary A., daughter of Nathaniel and Sarah (Franklin) Terry, the father a native of Pennsylvania, the mother being English. Her grandfather Avas the first settler of Terry township. To Mr. and Mrs. Moody have been born four children, three of whom died in childhood. The sur vivor, Nathaniel P., born December 16, 1843, in Asylum township, was educated in the common schools, and then at Towanda and Easton; was a sergeant in the Civil War ; was in the battle of Fredericksburg, but, on account of failing health, was discharged ; he married Sarah, daughter of Dr. Edward C. Crandall, who died, October 14, 1887 (Nathaniel is a partner in the business with his father). The father has been continuously in the business since 1835, fifty-six years. This is one of the highly respectable families of the county. GEORGE H. MOORE, wholesale and retail grocer, Towanda, was born in St Paul, Minn., April 17,1866, and is a son of Charles P. and Elizabeth (McCabe) Moore. His paternal grandfather, Henry P. Moore, who was a resident of Bradford county about sixty years, spent his boyhood in Standing Stone, and after reaching his majority became the junior member of the firm of Tracy & Moore, dealers in general merchandise there, and later in Towanda. He Avas also inter ested in boating on the North Branch Canal, and owned a couple of boats which he operated several years. He died in Towanda, in the fall of 1888, at the age of seventy years. His wife Avas Amelia Nobles, by whom he had nine children, of Avhom Charles P., father of subject, Avas the second child, and eldest son. He was born in Towanda, and reared, educated and married there. In 1864 he removed to St. Paul, Minn., where he remained two years. He returned to Towanda in 1866, and took charge of his father's store for a time, and later, for ten years, was in the employ of the Erie Railroad Company at Barclay, as weighmaster and assistant superintendent of 1034 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. their mines. He afterward engaged in the liquor business one year, in Towanda, and then was for five years in the grocery business. Mr. Moore died January 5, 1889. His wife Avas a daughter of George McCabe, a native of Ireland, and a pioneer of Bradford county, and by her had two children, George H. and Jeanette. George H. Moore was reared and educated in Towanda, and when sixteen years of age took charge of Patch & Packer's store, at Sayre, for one year, and at seventeen embarked in business for himself at Towanda, in which he has since successfully continued. He married, October 15, 1890, Isabel, daughter of John and Aurissa (Angle) Spalding, of Towanda. He is a member of the Episcopal Church and F. & A. M.; politically he is a Republican. P. W. MOREY, farmer, P. 0. Rummerfield Creek, was born Octo ber 26, 1832, in Northampton county, Pa., a son of Tobias and Marga ret (Wiedman) Morey, natives of Pennsylvania, who Avere of Scotch and German ancestry. He was married, April 9, 1856, to Emma, daughter of Joseph and Sarah Lochr, of Michigan, who Avere of Ger man extraction ; she was the third in a family of four children, all of whom are living. This union has been blessed with six children, all yet living, as follows : Sarah A., born July 9, 1857 ; Eugene, born October 1, 1859; Joseph L., born August 4, 1862, married to Emma Decker, December 24, 1885; Ida, born November 12,1864, wife of C. F. Park; Maggie May, born March 27, 1870,' married to George A. Frutchey, and Augusta, born June 13, 1873. Mr. Morey Avas raised on his father's farm, came to this county in April, 1871, and purchased a part of the old Laporte farm in Asylum toAvnship, on the French- town flats, and owns over two hundred acres of as fine land as there is in the State. He is a very successful and prosperous farmer, combin ing the growing of tobacco and stock-raising with that of general agriculture. He is a member of the F. & A. M., No. 311, Mount Bethel Lodge, and is a Democrat in politics. The family are members of the Lutheran Church. Mr. Morey ever manifests an interest in the education and welfare of his community. ENOS W. MORGAN, farmer and carpenter, P. O. Burlington, was born in Massachusetts, September 15, 1830, a son of Herman and Orilla (Boyce) Morgan, farmers and natives of New England, of Eng lish ancestry. The grandfather, Morgan, was a soldier in the War of the Revolution. Our subject was brought by his parents to Bradford county, in 1832, and they settled in Armenia, Avhere they engaged in farming. In 1862, Enos W. enlisted in Company C, One Hundred and Seventy-first P. V. I., and was many times under fire. On account of great exposure, and consequent loss of health, he was discharged in September, 1863, and is now a pensioner and a member of the G. A. R. Mr. Morgan has been twice married, his first marriage being with Rosilla Brown, who died, and he then married, April 10, 1878, Mrs. Permelia (Lane) Riley. By his first wife he had four children, as fol lows: G. Lorenzo, married to Laura Beals; Alma J., wife of Joseph Pierce; Susan, wife of Clinton Murray ; and Charles Newton, married to Alice Farnsworth. Mr. Morgan has been a carpenter, builder and farmer all his life. In politics he is a Republican, but his sympathies HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1035 are largely with the Prohibition party. His father died at the age of eighty-one years, and his mother lived to the great age of ninety-five vears. The family are members of the Disciple Church. ZOPHAR L. MORGAN, farmer, P. O. Luther's Mills, Avas born October 3, 1842, in Truxton, Cortland Co., N. Y., a son of Samuel R. and Harriet (Wicks) Morgan, the former a native of Massachusetts, and the latter of Connecticut, both of English ancestry ; they were agricul turists and removed to Bradford county, where they first settled in Ulster township, in 1852, and here with his sons the. father engaged in the lumbering business and farming; the family numbered nine children. The father died at the age of eighty years; the mother is living at the age of eighty-eight years. Zophar L. was reared on the farm, and in August, 1862, he enlisted in Company D, One Hundred and Thirty- second P. V. I., for service in the Civil War ; he lost his health while in active service, caused from an injury, was discharged in November, 1863, and is now a pensioner. Mr. Morgan was married, September 19, 1866, to Juliette C. Knapp, who was born September 8, 1850, a daughter of Mortimer and Melisa (Clark) Knapp, of Burlington; she is a niece of R. M. Knapp, of Burlington, and her family Avere among the pioneers of the township ; her father is a grocer at Luther's Mills in Avhich business he has been engaged many years, and is now seventy-one years of age. Mr. and Mrs. Morgan are residing on the old homestead of her father and grandfather, a nice farm of about eighty acres. They have had one child — a son named Mortimer M. M., born June 12, 1868. Mr. Morgan Avas several years in the grocery business at Campbell, N. Y., and Sayre, Pa. He is a Republican, has been treasurer of the town many years, and is a member of the G. A. R. The family are members of the Church at Luther's Mills. Mr. Morgan is respected by the entire community. DWIGHT MORLEY, farmer, P. O. Bentley Creek, was born, Feb ruary 26, 1831, in Springfield toAvnship, this county, a son of Walter and Julia (Sargent) Morley, both born in Litchfield, Conn., of English origin ; they removed to Bradford county in 1828, and settled at Leona. The father was a blacksmith, and followed his trade at that place until 1844, Avhen he removed to Wellsburg, and engaged in the hotel busi ness up to his death, which occurred when he was aged eighty years. The grandfather, Walter Morley, was a captain in the Revolutionary War, and a hotel-keeper. D wight Morley was apprenticed to the carpenter's trade, which business he followed until 1862, when he enlisted in Company K, One Hundred and Forty-first N. Y. V. I., and served as a sergeant in the Army of the Potomac ; he saw considerable hard service, but on account of the loss of health he was mustered out, and returned home, and he is noAv in the enjoyment of a pension. Mr. Morley was twice married, first time, in January, 1856, to Sarah Stev ens, who died, and he then married, July 5, 1869, his present wife, Catherine Rhodes, of Elmira, N. Y., who was born December 25, 1848, and by her he has tAvo children : La Francis, born August 31, 1881, and Fay D., born February 18, 1884. Mr. Morley is the owner of a beau tiful farm of seventy-five acres, under a good state of cultivation, Avith fine buildings, and carries on dairying and stock-raising; he is a mem- 1036 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ber of the G. A. R., Bingham Post, No. 555, a Republican in politics, and is one of the substantial and reliable men of the toAvnship, much respected by a large circle of friends. J. D. MORRIS, proprietor of Quarry Glenn Stone Works, Sheshe quin township, P. O. Quarry Glen, was born in Greene county, N. Y., March 19, 1842, a son of J. D. J. and Margaret D. (Dedritch) Morris, natives of Germany and Greene county, N. Y., respectively. The father came to the United States with his parents, when a small child, and was brought up, and learned the butcher's trade, and then went in the drover's business. He was married in Greene county, and reared his family there; his business, while in Greene county, was dealing in stone, and he was proprietor of the quarries at Maiden and Cats- kill ; he now resides in Philadelphia. His mother died August 31, 1874. His father's family consisted of eight children — five boys and three girls. — two, John C. and Wm. H., deceased, while the others live in Philadelphia. J. D. Morris spent his boyhood in Greene county N. Y., where he attended the common schools, and received his educa tion ; he learned the trade of stone-cutter in his father's quarries. In 1861, he opened a quarry in Greene county, N. Y.,and conducted this until February 22, 1864, when he enlisted in Company E, fifteenth Regiment, New York Engineers, and was discharged, June 13, 1865, at Fort Berry, Va., at the close of the war. He was engaged in building bridges, repairing roads, etc. After returning from the army he opened a quarry in Ulster county, N. Y., and operated same two years ; then located at Philadelphia, and dealt in granite and blue-stone. remaining there five years, then, in 1874, came to his present place, and was foreman for the Philadelphia and Susquehanna Blue Stone Co.'s Quarry, one and one-half years, after which he commenced operating a quarry for himself, and his product is a stone that is unsurpassed in quality by any in the United States. He works about twenty-five men during the summer months, and ships to Philadelphia, Baltimore and Florence, turning out, annually about 200,000 tons ; and supplies the stone for many of the most noted public buddings in the county, and many of the finest residences. The machinery for working the quarries consists of several huge derricks, four rip-saws, with steam power furnished by two ten-horse-power portable engines. Mr. Morris was married, December 4, 18 — , to Mary A., daughterof Archi bald Davis, of Greene county, N. Y., and has a family of five children : Ella J., married to Ellsworth Gooding, and has one son ; Edward S., the only son was married, August 5, 1891, to Myra A. Gilletta; Louetta, died June 14, 1891, after an illness of but a few days, in her nineteenth year; Ada and Mary. Mr. Morris is a member of Watkins Post, No. 68, G. A. R.;I. O. 6. F., Valley Lodge, No. 108, Towanda; is officer of the day in the G. A. R. Post, and in politics is a Republican. The family moved to Towanda, in March, 1891 , and are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. THOMAS J. MORRIS, of Pike township, carpenter and joiner, P. O. LeRaysville, was born in Towanda, NoATember 26, 1837, and is the eldest of five children of John and Elizabeth (Jenkins) Morris, natives of Wales, and a grandson of William and Mary (Lewis) Morris. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1037 His maternal grandparents were Joseph and Elizabeth (Jones) Jenk ins, and they Avere the first Welch family that settled in Pike. John Morris Avas born in 1806, came to America in 1832, and worked at the carpenter's trade one year in New York; then took up a farm in Pike township, and lived there a year. In 1835 he went to Towanda, and took contracts in the carpentering business for fourteen years, and built the first Roman Catholic, Episcopal, and Methodist Episcopal churches in Towanda, also the first "Ward House" and the C. L. Ward residence, and many other buildings in that place. In 1849 he returned to Pike, and was employed by Caleb Cannalt, thirteen years, in constructing the buildings around Cannalt's lake. In 1862 he engaged in farming where he now lives. Thomas J. was educated in the common schools and Towanda graded school, and Avorked Avith his father at the car penter's trade until twenty-four years old, when he started in business for himself, and went to Tennessee, in 1862, where he was a "squad boss " in the United States' construction department for six months. He was drafted to enter the army, but paid for a substitute, and returned to LeRaysville. Later he entered the quartermaster depart ment at Alexandria, Va., and after six months re-entered the con struction department, where he remained until the close of the Avar. He had charge of 130 men, and was paid a salary of $140 a month. At the close of the war he attended the grand review, President Lin coln's funeral, and many noted public events, then returned to Pike and purchased a farm, Avhich he now owns, and where his father lives. In 1881 he built his own beautiful residence in LeRaysville. June 4, 1865, Mr. Morris married Sophia, daughter of John and Jane (Will iams) Williams, natives of Wales, and they have had six children: Wal ter T., born November 24, 1867, married to Sarah Smith, May 6,1891; Nellie E., born September 5, 1873 ; George R, born March 27, 1877 ; Grace, born June 11, 1879, died February 10, 1882; Mabel, born August 3, 1885, and Fred, born August 19, 1888. Mrs. Morris is a member of the Congregational Church. Mr. Morris is a member of the Masonic Lodge, and is a Republican ; he has been a member of the borough council nine years, and school director the same length of time, besides having held other minor offices. NEWTON J. MORROW, farmer, of Herrick township, P. O. Ballibay, Avas born in Herrick township, this county, January 31, 1848; His father, Hamilton Morrow, was born in County Monaghan, Ireland, in 1812, and came to this county in 1826. He first purchased fifty acres of land and, later, 120 acres, which he afterward exchanged for fifty acres adjoining his original purchase ; in 1862 he purchased forty- four acres and, in 1872, fifty acres, making a total of 194 acres in Her rick, besides 189 acres he had in Wyalusing. He was a successful far mer, and folloAved lumbering ; he died of apoplexy in 1886. In 1839 be married Jane, daughter of Thomas and Catherine (Walsh) Walker, the fourth in a family of six children, and she bore him the following children : James (deceased), Catherine Anne (wife of J. A. Morrow), Dr. Francis G. (of Warren Centre), William J., Mary Jane (deceased), Julia F. (deceased,) William T., Arietta (wife of F. Pendleton), Newton J., and two who died in infancy. Mrs. H. Morrow died September 29, 1038 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1874. William T. attended school in Ballibay and CamptoAvn, and taught school two terms in Wyalusing, then worked on a farm one year, and in 1877, went to Nebraska, but soon returned home and farmed two years, then again went to Nebraska. When he returned he purchased of his father, forty-four acres of land, and in 1886, from his brother, N. J. Morrow, fifty acres adjoining his first purchase, and farmed until 1887, when he went to Camptown, and opened a general store, in company with Charles Mallert, under the firm name of Mor row & Mallert. They closed this out after two years, and William T. returned to his farm permanently. He married, December 11, 1883, Carissa, daughter of Miles E. and Sarah (Yan Buren) Reed, the third in a family of four children, and they have one child, Edith Geraldine, born in 1888. The family are members of the Reformed Presbyterian Church. Mr. Morrow is a Republican in politics. Newton J. Morrow attended school" in Ballibay and Camptown until his twenty-first year, and then worked on the farm and taught school three winters. In 1873 he purchased from his father fifty acres of land in Herrick township, on which he farmed, also carried on the business of buying and shipping hay and grain. In 1875 he went to Rummerfield, and went into business with Wellington Whittaker, deal ing in general merchandise, under the firm name of Morrow & Whitta ker, until 1877, when they closed the business out, and he returned to his farm, and has since followed farming, lumbering and shipping. In 1884 he purchased the homestead from his father; he has been school director two years, an elder in the Presbyterian Church, elected in June, 1890; politically he is a Republican. In 1872 he married Adeline, daughter of John and Mary (Fee) Nesbit, the eldest of seven children, and they have three children : Mary Jane, Hamilton and John Andrew. C. T. MORSE, farmer, LeRoy, was born in LeRoy, this county, December 30, 1834, a son of Sullivan and Phoebe (Bailey) Morse, also natives of the county. The father was a son of Jesse Morse, Avho located in LeRoy township, this county, about the year 1805, having been for merly a resident of Massachusetts. The family consisted of seven children — five daughters and two sons — all of whom are now living. C. T., who is the second in the family, Avas reared in LeRoy township, educated in the common schools, and in early life learned the black smith's trade, which he followed fifteen years; also Avorked at the mason's trade, and then engaged in farming. He was married, at LeRoy, October 4, 1857, to Elma McKee, Avho was born in 1840, a daughter of Robert and Hannah McKee, the former of whom was born in Seneca county, N. Y., in 1815, the latter in LeRoy, in 1818. To them were born six children, five of whom are now living, as fol lows: Eva, born in 1858; Floyd, born in 1859 (married Ann, daughter of Wesley and Belle Kerr); Clarice, born in 1865 (married John Kerr); Gertrude, born in 1868, and Martin L., born in 1872. Mr. Morse is an Independent-Republican, and has held various offices of public trust, such as judge of elections and commissioner; he is a member of the Grange. HON. GEORGE MOSCRIP, farmer and salesman, P. O. Burling ton, was born in Greenock, Scotland, January 23, 1840, a son of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1039 Andrew and Fanny (White) Moscrip, former of whom was a carpenter and builder ; he was a native of Scotland, and when a young man removed to America where he was married, but after some years he returned to his native country. The mother was a direct descendant of Peregrine White (of the Pilgrim stock), who was the first male child born in the Plymouth colony. The paternal grandfather was a graduate of the University of Edinburgh, was a clergyman of what was known as the secession branch of the Scotch Presbyterian Church, and was the pastor of that church at Greenock forty years. Andrew Moscrip was an educated man, but chose a trade in preference to a profession. Returning to America he settled in Herrick toAvnship, in 1840, and died at the age of sixty-three years, his wife at the age of forty-eight. Their son George, our subject, who was educated in the schools of the township, and at LeRaysville Academy, taught school most of the time, from sixteen years of age until he was thirty, and has, for many years, been engaged in the sale of school books and apparatus. In the fall of 1874 he was elected to the State Legislature, Avhere he served two years. Mr. Moscrip has been twice married: first on April 5, 1870, to Harriet L. Pease, who died in 1874, and afterward, July 18, 1878, to Sarah M. Loomis of Windham, a daughter of Rev. A. W. Loomis, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a member of the Wyoming Con ference ; she was born at Rome, this county, September 18, 1853, and died August 27, 1891. They had born to them five children : Fannie E., George L., Andrew L., Lewis S. and Clarence A. In the 0 i vi 1 War Mr. Moscrip served in the commissary department of the Second Army Corps. He is one of the representative men of the county. E. M. MOSHER, farmer and stock-raiser, a son of Earl and Abigail (Mackey) Mosher, natives of the State of New York, was born in Albany county, N. Y., October 5, 1834. His father's family Avere of French descent, and grandfather Mosher was among the early pioneers of Dutchess county, N. Y. His mother's people were of Dutch and Irish extraction ; his grandfather, on his mother's side, was a colonel in the War of 1812. The father emigrated to this county in 1872, and died August'24, 1889, at the age of eighty-two; the mother died in New York, March 12, 1876, aged sixty-four ; they were farmers. E. M. Mosher was educated in the State of New York, first in the common schools and afterward he attended the New York Conference Seminary, of Charlotteville, N. Y., about one year,. having to leave the Institution on account of sickness before receiving his degree. When twenty-two years old he engaged in teaching, and continued at that four years, during the winter months, farming during the summer ; he then devoted his attention to farming and now owns the "Seven Oaks farm," situated in the Milan Valley ; it is beautifully located, and contains 125 acres of bottom and upland, besides a dairy of eighteen cows. February 15, 1860, he was united in marriage Avith Sarah E., daughter of G. W. and Silvia C. (Newel) Stryker, and they had the following children : Lillian (the oldest), May (wife of Henry Nolte, of Duluth, Minn.), one died in infancy, Georgie, Dency, Sarah, Eva and John. Mr. Mosher is a member of the Baptist Church, and is a trustee of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; in politics he is a Democrat. 1040 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. JAMES S. MOSHER, M. D., Austinville, born in Columbia town ship, this county, January 24, 1867, is a son of Cornelius H. and Martha (Vankirk) Mosher ; his paternal grandfather, William A. Mosher, and maternal grandfather, Joseph Vankirk, were pioneers of Columbia and Wells townships, respectively. The subject of this sketch was reared in his native township, and educated at Troy public schools, Avhere he took a preparatory course for college. In 1882 he began the study of medicine with Dr. T. D. Gray, of Sylvania, later with Dr. E. G". Tracy, of Troy, and entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Baltimore, Md., in 1889, and in May 1891, he began the practice of his profession in Austinville, where he is now located. On April 16, 1891, the Doctor married Laura, daughter of Lesser and Hannah (Lesser) Lesser, of Bremen, Germany. Dr. Mosher is a mem ber of the I. O. O. F. Lodge, No. 926, Sylvania, and politically he is a Democrat. REV. ABRAHAM M. MOTT, P. O. Granvflle Centre, was born in Southport, Chemung Co., N. Y., August 28, 1824, a son of Alvah and Anna (VanCampen) Mott, of German descent. He Avas reared in his native county, and received very limited school advantages. He served an apprenticeship at the blacksmith's trade, as carriage ironer, in Elmira, N. Y., and settled in Granville, this county, in 1845, where he Avorked at his trade, with the exception of the time he was in the army, until 1865. In 1861, he enlisted in Capt. Tilford's Company, Fiftieth Regiment, P. V. I., but was soon discharged, on account of disability. In 1864, he re-enlisted, this time in Company F, One Hundred and Eighty-eighth N. Y. V. I., and was honorably discharged at close of the Avar. On April 16, 1885, he Avas ordained a minister of the Church of Christ, and he is an advocate and Avorker in Sunday- schools, and is a successful revivalist. He married, January 1, 1846, Cynthia, daughter of Elisha Bailey, of Granville, and has one son, Devyr, now a prominent physician of Fontana, Kans. Mr. Mott, some years ago, was appointed United States Pension Attorney by the Government. He has been a successful official, and practised before all departments of the Pension Bureau, at Washington, D. C. He has held several of the minor offices in Granville ; is a member of the G. A. R., McKee Post, No. 584, West Franklin, Pa., and in politics he is a Republican. H. K. MOTT, farmer, P. O. LeRoy, was born in MiddletoAvn, Dela ware Co., N. Y., May 19, 1838, a son "of Matthew and Mary (Knicker bocker) Mott, natives of Germany, the former of whom Avas born in New York, in 1808. Matthew Mott removed from New York in the year 1851, and located in LeRoy, where he built a tannery the same year, which he operated until his death, which occurred March 12, 1877. He was twice married, and by his first wife he had children, as follows: Knickerbocker, Hiram K., Pratt, Matthew B., Phebe and Sophia, and by the second wife he had as follows: Fremont, Thomas, Samuel, Mary, Myrtie, ALce and Ann, all of whom grew to maturity, ten living in this county. H. K. Mott Avas reared and educated in LeRoy, and in early life he learned the tanner's trade in all its depart ments, continuing the business until his twenty-sixth year, after which HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1041 he became a prosperous speculator, and is noAv a farmer of extensive means. On January 1, 1859, he married Mary E., daughter of George and Sallie M. Whipple, who removed to this county in 1840. To this union were born six children — five sons and one daugh ter — viz.: George W., JohnS., Omar D., Kiah, Andrew and Sadie, the latter married to Charles S. Holcomb, publisher of the Weekly Monogram, of LeRoy. Mr. Mott has a very extensive carp pond on his farm, and in the fall of 1890 he placed about 1,673 young carp therein. Politically he is a Republican, and has been favored with many offices of public trust ; he now holds his fifth commission as justice of the peace; he is a mem ber of the I. O. O. F. MARTIN MULLEN, a prominent, respectable farmer of Overton township, P. O. Overton, a native of Ireland, born November 10, 1837, is a son of Bartholomew and Ann (Judge) Mullen, of County Mayo. The family immigrated to Canada, in 1847, and from there moved to Overton, in 1851, where they spent the remainder of their lives, the father dying in 1862; the mother yet survives. Martin is the fifth in a family of nine children ; his childhood Avas spent on his father's farm, commencing at a young age, assisting at the farm Avork in sum mer, and attending the short-term winter's school. He has followed the precepts and example of his beloved parents, and from his father's farm he went out into the Avorld on his own account and continued farming. His fortune, chiefly, was his honest industry and thought ful frugality, and this is told in the fact that he is now the possessor of a farm of 100 acres of rich land in Bradford county, all highly improved. Martin Mullen married Sabina Clark, of Williamsport, daughter of John and Barbara (Brown ) Clark, of Ireland, wno came to this country in 1853. Of this happy union are the following chil dren: Mary Ann (wife of John Welch), Edward J. (school teacher) and Barbara C. The family are members of the Catholic Church. Mr. Mullen has been road commissioner, and votes the Democratic ticket. THOMAS MULLEN, farmer, P. O. Overton. [See sketch of his brother, Martin Mullen, for family record.] He was born in Ireland in December, 1829, the eldest in a family of nine children, grew to manhood in his native home, and came with his father's family to Overton in 1851. He has spent his life farming, having commenced a poor boy, but is noAv the proud possessor of 100 acres, a finely improved farm, that is the dear old family home. He married, in Williamsport, in 1855, Bridget, daughter of Matthew and Johanna (BroAvn) Murray, natives of Ireland. To this union were born the folloAving children: Mary E., Annie B., Johanna A., Anthony J. and Maggie A. The family are members of the Roman Catholic Church, and are among the most respected people of Bradford county. Mr. Mullen has held the office of school director for twenty-five years, road commissioner for the term of twelve years, and township auditor several years ; has been poor master and school treasurer, and in poli tics he is a Democrat. ALEXANDER MURDOCK, a farmer and stock-grower, P. O. Ulster, was born in Ayrshire, Scotland, June 26, 1825, and is a son of 1042 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Robert and Margaret (Pollock) Murclock, natiAres of the same place. His father died in Scotland in 1849, but his mother survived about twenty years. Alexander came to this country in 1849, and located on a farm in Ulster. His father was a weaver, and worked in the cloth mills of Gaulstone, Scotland, but did not follow this trade many years. Our subject received a common-school education in his native place, but Avas put to work at the loom when ten years old, and fol lowed weaving until he was twenty-one, when he was appointed to a position on the police force of Kilmarnock, where he served three years. The farm he purchased Avas covered with heavy timber which he cleared, and he now owns the farm he cleared on first coming here, which consists of 200 acres of upland, and is well improA^ed and under a splendid state of cultivation. Of his immediate ancestors he knows but little, and with the exceptions of his own family he has no relatives in this country. He was married, in Scotland, to Janette, daughter of George and Helen (Patterson) Rodgers, natives of Gaulstone, and to them the following named children were born : Robert and George R., born in Scotland (Robert is now a physician in Wilkes-Barre); Christina, Avife of Adolphus Watkins ; Maggie, wife of Louis Russell, of Wisconsin ; Alexander, a prominent farmer of Smithfield ; Ellen, Avife of A. N. Rockwell, of Ulster; James, of Binghamton, N. Y. and Carrie. In religious belief Mr. Murdock is a Baptist, and in his political vieAvs he is a Republican. GEORGE R. MURDOCK. farmer and stock-grower, P. 0. Ulster, is a son of Alexander and Janette (Patterson) Murdock, and was born in Kilmarnock, Ayrshire, Scotland, October 11, 1848. His parents immigrated to this country when he was about eight months old, and settled in Ulster toAvnship ; the son attended the Ulster schools until nearly twenty-one years of age, and received a good common-school education, assisting the father in clearing 150 acres of land, Avhich he noAv OAvns. He Avas married, September 16, 1886, to Georgia, daughter of William and Jessie (Galiespie) Irving, and is the father of two children — LaAvrence and William. His Avife's people are of Scotch descent, and she was born in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, and immigrated to this country about 1 870. Mr. Murdock cultivates six acres of tobacco yearly, besides the cereal crops, and now owns the old homestead, Avhich consists of 150 acres of upland, and, with the exception of about three acres in woodland, is all under cultivation ; he also keeps twenty- one cows for dairy purposes. His wife is a member of the Presby terian Church, and he is a Methodist in his belief, but is not attached to any church : he is a Republican in politics. JOHN H. MURRAY, farmer and stock-dealer, South Waverly, is a native of the place, born May 20, 1826. His parents were Harris and Ellen (Gordon) Murray, the former a farmer, a native of Athens toAvnship, born in June, 1800; his death occurred August 4, 1877; the latter was a native of Standing Stone township, and died in 1830. Mr. Harris Murray was twice married, the second time to Sophia Canfield, a native of Smithsborough, Tioga Co., N. Y., and is now in her ninetieth year, and resides on the old homestead in South Waverly. John is the second in a family of five children by the first marriage ; HISTORY OF BRADFORD COLXTY. 1043 he Avas reared on the farm, and in 1850 started a meat-market, which he sold in the spring of 1862, and rented two large farms, and engaged in buying and selling cattle, mules and horses. During the war he bought horses and sold them to the Government. In 1870 he again started a meat-market, this time with S. W. Miller, his brother-in-law, and they followed the business about twelve years. In 1870 he pur chased a tract of timber land at Wyncoop Creek. Chemung Co.. N. Y., which contained 525 acres of valuable timber, and erected a sawmill on it, and was engaged in lumbering about twenty-one years. He sold $16,000 worth of lumber off the tract, erected a large barn, and has been improving the land since. In the same year he bought a tract of land in Charles county. Md., which contained S00 acres, of which 700 is timber land ; he also owns considerable land in this county, on which he keeDS stock. He has had charge of the stock-vards in Waverly for the Lehigh Valley Railroad since they built their line. He was married in Athens toAvnship. December 2S. 1S59, to Jane, daughter of Alvin and Eliza (Parmater) Morley, natives of Connecti cut. Mr. Morley was a miller early in life, and later went to Man chester, Iowa, and bought 1.800 acres of land for a speculation. He invented a barb wire for fencing, but did not have it patented. Mrs. Murray was the third of a family of five children, born in Athens township, June 3, 1832 ; she died April 15. 1S8S. She was a consist ent member of the Presbyterian Church. They had two children, Lida and John H. The latter is engaged in the coal business for the D. L. «fc W. R. R, Co. at South Waverly. Mr. Murray is a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70. He served as burgess of South Waverly borough two years, and was township commissioner three years; was nominated for county treasurer, but was defeated Avith his ticket ; he is a Democrat in politics. J. R. MURRAY, dealer in boots and shoes, Sayre, is a native of Orange countv. N. Y., born February 3, 1 S45. and is a son of Thomas ahd Harriet (Dunning) Murray, also natives of Orange county. The father, who was a farmer, died in 1879, in his seventy-third year: the mother survives. Our subject's maternal grandfather. Benjamin Dun ning, was a soldier in the War of 1812. J.R. Murray, who isthe eldest in a family of six children, received a public-school education, read law and was admitted to the bar in Tioga county, N. Y., in 1S75, but did not practice his profession long, as he engaged in the insurance business, in 1867, and has followed it more or less since. He was married, in Wav erly, to Addie E., daughter of George and Emily (Crawford) Goulden, natives of Connecticut, the former of whom is a cabinet-maker (she is the second in a family of eight children, and was born in Waverly, April 12, 1848). Mrs. A. E. Murray had a ladies' fancy-goods store in M averly about four years. To this union were born two children, viz.: Albert and Lora. The family removed to Sayre in 18S3, and he engaged in his present business. Mrs. Murray is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Murray is a member of the Royal Arcanum and Equitable Aid Union; is eh ief engineer of the Fire Depart ment of Sayre, and is a member of the Wilbur Hook and Ladder Com pany. He is a Republican, and served as justice of the peace, two terms. 1044 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. police justice, one term, and was town clerk and collector, Waverly, N. Y. He is noAv a justice of the peace for Sayre borough, having been elected to that office in February, 1891, for a term of five years* His peculiar fitness for the office was so well known that he Avas elected without opposition. Mr. Murray is a fluent and eloquent speaker, and has delivered a good many addresses in his section ot the county. He has, upon two different occasions, delivered the Memorial Address at Sayre and at Waverly, and they were spoken of as the finest ever delivered at either of these places. BERLIN F. MYER, coal merchant, Towanda, was born in Monroe toAvnship, this county, March, 1843, and is a son of Henry B. and Sarah (Young) Myer. His paternal grandfather, Jacob Myer, a native of NeAV Jersey, settled in Franklin township, in 1817". His maternal grandfather was Martin Young, formerly of Orange county, N. Y., and later a pioneer miller of Bradford county. [For history of the Myer family see sketch of Cant. George V. Myer.] Berlin F. Myer was reared in Monroe townsnip, receiving a common and select school education. He Avas in the Civil War, enlisting August 9, 1861, in Company K, Fiftieth P. V. I., and participated in the battles of Hilton Head, Second Bull Run, South Mountain and Antietam; after the battle of Antietam he was detailed as clerk in the commissary depart ment, Army of the Potomac, and at Fort Foote. He was captured by the enemy during Stuart's raid just before the battle of Gettys burg, but escaped the following day. He was mustered out of the service in November, 1864, and afterward was a sutler in the army at Fort Foote one year. He returned home in 1865, and in 1866 engaged in the market business at Monroeton, continuing there until 1869, Avhen he located in ToAvanda, and was in the grocery business two years, then for eleven years furnished meat for the Schraeder Coal Company, at their mines at Carbon run. In 1885 he Avas in the mercantile business at Monroeton with D. J. Sweet, under the firm name of Myer & Co. Since 1887 he has been engaged inthe coal, baled hay and lime business at Towanda. Mr. Myer married, in 1868, Orace A., daughter of Lorenzo D. and Cynthia (Mace) Bowman, of Towanda, and has four children, as folloAvs: Joseph IL, Theresa, Robert A. and Louisa A. Mr. Myer is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, K. of P. and G. A. R., and politically he is a Republican. CAPTAIN GEORGE V. MYER, pension and'patent attorney and city engineer, Towanda, was born in Monroe township, this county, August 5, 1841, and is a son of Henry B. and Sarah (Y.oung) Myer. His paternal grandfather, Jacob Myer, Avas a native of New Jersey and settled in Franklin township, in this county, in 1817, and Avas a farmer. He reared a large family, of whom the father of George V. Avas the second son, and succeeded to the homestead; he followed farming and lumbering until 1858, and is still a resident of Monroe township. His Avife was a daugter of Martin Young, formerly of Orange county, N. Y., who Avas one of the pioneer mi Hers of Bradford county. By her he had six children, viz.: George V., Berlin F., Ella A. (Mrs. D. J. Sweet), Esther St. L. (Mrs. Eli Griggs), Charles M. and Anna M. (Mrs. Dr. W. J. DeVoe). George V., the subjeot of this HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1045 sketch, Avas reared in Bradford county, educated at Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and the Polytechnic College, Philadelphia. He has been a resident of Towanda since 1867, and for sixteen years has followed the business of a pension and patent attorney. He was in the Civil War, enlisting August 9, 1861, in Company K, Fiftieth Regiment P. V. I., and re-enlisted January 1, 1864. He Avas promoted to lieu tenant and to captain of his company. He was Avounded and taken prisoner at the battle of Spottsylvania Court House, was paroled and exchanged April 11, 1865, being for eleven months a prisoner-of-war ; he was honorably discharged from the service July 31, 1865. Capt. Myer Avas married, in 1869, to Ella V., daughter of D. W. Brown, of Wyalusing, this county, and has three children, as follows : Harry W., Willie W. and Cecil B. He is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, the G. A. R., and the Union Veteran Legion, and he has served one term as surveyor of Bradford countv ; in politics he is a Republican. WILLIAM G. MYERS, conductor on the L. V. R R., residence Sayre, is a native of Sullivan county, N. Y., and was born May 22, 1850. His young life was a tragedy ; his mother died when be was an infant, and from the best information he can get his father was killed by an accident when he (William G.) was about eighteen months old, and he was left alone in the ivide Avorld, Avith neither kith nor kin to claim him. Mr. Miles kept him until he was nine years of age, when the lad commenced to search for the Avhole story of his parents and relatives, trying to get some definite information in regard to them. He learned that his father had made arrangements with Mr. Miles (in case any thing happened him) that he Avas to take charge of him, and get his pay from the estate. At nine years of age young Myers started out to make his own living, without even having any ofthe advantages of school. He began work, the first year, for L. Hindman in the lumber ing business, and followed that until 1867, when he went as a brakeman on the Erie Railroad, and worked on that line a short time ; then Avent ¦ to breaking on the Albany & Susquehanna Railroad, and worked on that line about two years, when he returned to the Erie road and Avas there several years; in 1874 he Avent to braking on the L. V. R. R., was promoted to conductor, in June, 1881, and has held that position since. He had mastered by his OAvn industry all the education necessary for the position. He Avas married, in Waverly, N. Y., December 20, 1877, to Dora Belle Tozer, daughter of Frank Tozer, natives of New York ; she Avas the youngest in order of birth in a family of three children, and was born in Waverly, N. Y., February 9, 1860, and died March 10, 1889, a most estimable wife, and a consistent mem ber of the Baptist Church. To Mr. and Mrs Myers AA^ere born four children, as follows: Frank T., Lizzie (deceased), George F. and Nellie D. Mr. Myers is a member of the K. of P., No. 101, Waverly; Equitable Aid Union, and Sexennial League. He is a Democrat. A. J. NASH, proprietor of the "Mountain View House," Canton, is a native of Winfield, Herkimer Co., N. Y.. and was born October 31, 1842, a son of William S. and Jane (Maxum) Nash, natives of Lancashire, England, and Warren countv, N. Y., respectively, of Eng lish and Scotch descent. William S. Nash came from England to 61 1040 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Warren county, N. Y., when he was about eighteen years of age; he was a mechanic, and died in Steuben county, N. Y., in 1861, in his fifty-eighth year. Mrs. Nash resides in Cohocton, Steuben Co., N. Y. A. J. Nash, who is fifth in order of birth in a family of seven children, Avas reared in Herkimer, Otsego and Steuben counties, N. Y. At the breaking out of the war, responding to a call of his country, he enlisted, May 16, 1861, in Company D, Twenty-third N. Y. V. I., from Elmira, N. Y., for two years, and re-enlisted, in 1864, in Company C, One Hundred and Eleventh Regiment, N. Y. V. I. After enlisting in 1861, he was detached and put in Gibbon's Fourth Artillery Regulars, on detached service. He participated in the following engagements : Battles of Bull Run, Centreville, Fredericksburg, South Mountain, Antietam, Slaughter Mountain, and was wounded at Gravelly Run, Va., in April, 1865, and Avas sent to Douglass General Hospital, at Washing ton, where he Avas mustered out at the close of the war. He returned to Elmira, but removed to Blossburg, Pa., where he engaged in the boot and shoe business up to October, 1885 ; then removed to Norfolk, Va., and bought a truck farm four miles from the city. Here he remained one year, and then returned to Blossburg. In the spring of 1888, he removed to Roaring Branch, and engaged in the hotel busi ness ; was there until April 1. 1891, Avhen he came to Canton, and took charge of the " Mountain View House." Mr. Nash was married in Blossburg, Pa., in 1866, to Ellen R., daughter of John and Rebecca (Schriuer) Evans, natives of Ireland and Tioga county, Pa., respect ively ; she was the youngest in a family of tAvo daughters and one son, and Avas born in Blossburg, August 22, 1845. To Mr. and Mrs. Nash were born seven children: Fred B., Willard A., Charles A., Hester E., Jay Raymond (deceased), Jennie and Bella. Mr. Nash is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, Blossburg Lodge, No. 350, A. Y. M.; also a member of the G. A. R., Ingham Post, No. 91. Politically he is a Democrat. DANIEL C. NEWELL, cabinet-maker, Troy, was born in Cum berland, Md., March 5, 1841, a son of Lewis P. and Caroline M. (Web- ler) Newell, natives of Connecticut. His father was a millwright by trade, and in early life located in Armenia township, this county, remaining there several years. In 1839 he went to Cumberland, Md.; returned to Bradford county in 1859, and resided in Armenia town ship until 1890, when he removed to Tioga county, Pa.; Avhere he now resides. Daniel C. Newell, the subject of this sketch, was reared in Cumberland, Md., and at the age of twenty he located in Troy, Pa., where he learned the cabinet-maker's trade. He Avas in the Civil War, enlisting September 15, 1864, in Company K, Fifteenth New York Engineers, and was honorably discharged, June 13, 1865, after nine months' service. He has resided in Troy township since 1861, and was married, March 23, 1864, to Betsy A., daughter of Timothy and Delia (Cowell) Case, of Troy, and they have two children: Fred W. and Grace M. Mr. Newell has been in the employ of L. H. Oliver, of Troy, twenty -two years; he is a member of the G. A. R., and in politics is a Republican. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1047 E. J. NEWELL, a prominent farmer of Sheshequin township, P. O. Hornbrook, was born January 26, 1829, in Sheshequin township, this county, on the farm noAv occupied by John Chaffee, and is a son of Stephen and Catherine (Cole) Newell, the former of whom was a native of Bradford county, and the latter of Kingston, N. Y. Grand father Abel Newell came to this county from Connecticut about 1784, locating in the vicinity of Hornbrook, and lived here until his death ; the grandmother's maiden name was Sallie Wilcox ; a portion of her family passed through the terrors of the Wyoming massacre. Stephen Newell was born in 1800, and passed his entire life on the farm now occupied by his son ; he had ten children, viz.: Maria (died in infancy), David, John, Sallie (married to William Skinner, of Minnesota), Cath erine (married to Joseph Keegan), William (died aged seventeen), Sylvie (married to George Frink, and died, leaving a family of three children), George (died aged seventeen), Mary (married to Ransom Horton) and E. J. Our subject's early life Avas spent on his father's farm, Avith only the average advantages of a farmer's son. When twenty-six years old he commenced life for himself, managing his father's farm, and then purchased part of Avhat is now known as the Lige Horton farm, Avhich he still OAvns ; it contains sixty acres, and is a part of the old homestead. He married, August 3, 1854, Eliza, daugh ter of Abram and Caroline Patterson, and to this union came children as follows: Eva (married to Joel Horton, a teacher), Aline (married to C. A. Child, a merchant, of Franklyndale). Mrs. Newell is a member of the Metholist Episcopal Church. Mr. Newell is a member of the I. O. 0. F„ Valley Lodge, No. 446, and has passed all the chairs except No. 2 ; in politics he is a Republican. Mr. and Mrs. Newell have passed almost their entire lives in the neighborhood where they now reside, and are noted for their kindness and hospitality; and at their fireside the young people of the vicinity always find aW'elcome, and are sure to spend a pleasant time. Mrs. Newell, like her sister Mrs. Culver, has always been a great reader, and has a fine library. J. J. NEWELL, farmer, surveyor and veterinary surgeon, Orwell, was born April 8, 1831, in the house he occupies, in Orwell township, this county, a son of James D. and Licena A. (Grant) Newell. J. J. Newell was born and reared on a farm, educated in the common schools and at Towanda Academy, and when seventeen years old began the study of surveying, under the instruction of Robert McKee, and after a few months he began surveying, which he has followed more or less constantly since. He took possession of his present farm in 1852. In 1857 he Avas elected county surveyor, has served nine years, and has probably done more surveying than any other man in the county, being noted for the thoroughness and accuracy of his work. Over twenty years ago he began the study of veterinary surgery, is now a registered doctor, and has an extensive practice, having been exceptionally successful. He owns one hundred and four acres of fine farm land, well stocked with cattle, sheep and horses. Mr. Newell has been twice married: the first time, December 29, 1852, to Charlotte Elsbree, Avho died August 31, 1857, and he then married, December 31, 1857, Amanda M. Cowles, daughter of William and Polly W. (Russell) Cowles, 1048 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. whose family consisted of four children, viz.: Amanda M., born July 19, 1832 ; John H., born December 5, 1834 ; Chester G., born October 15, 1836, and Mary E., born September 29, 1839, married to Charles Beers, of Orwell Hill, and died in 1886. Mr. and Mrs. Newell have had four children, as follows : Maggie St Leon, born June 29, 1860, died aged seven years ; Willie E., born December 15, 1861, died the same week as his sister, both dying of diphtheria; Henry G., born June 13, 1868, and James W., born December 27, 1869. Henry G. has great mechanical ingenuity, and has made some useful inventions, among others an appliance for gearing on wind engines, which shows great ingenuity. The family are members of and active Avorkers in the Presbyterian Church. Henry is also a member of the Y. P. S. C. E., and an active worker in it. Mr. Newell is a stanch member of the Republican party. DR. J. K. NEWELL, banker and State Senator, Towanda, is a native of Wysox township, this county, and Avas born July 28, 1843. His parents were Charles and Julia (Smith) Newell, natives of County Monaghan, Ireland. The Doctor is the fifth in the order of birth in a family of two sons and four daughters. He received his education in the public schools, and in the Wyoming Seminary at Kingston, Luzerne Co., Pa., studied dentistry at LeRaysATille, this county, and in 1866 opened an officeat Wyalusing, where he practiced his profession twenty- four years. He was elected, in 1884, State Senator in the Twenty-third District, composed of Bradford and Wyoming counties, and Avas re-elected in 1888, serving two full terms Avith distinguished ability and eminence. On January 1, 1890, he was elected cashier of the Citizens National Bank, his present position. Mr. Newell Avas married in Wysox, in 1874, to Miss Adelaide, daughter of Henry Passmore, and to them were born two sons: Henry P. and James M.' (deceased). Dr. Newell is a member of the F. & A. M. and the I. O. O. F., No. 808, Wyalusing, and is a Republican in politics. ALBERT S. NEWMAN, merchant, P. O. East Smithfield, Avas born February 16, 1842, in Eaton, Wyoming Co., Pa., and came to Canton, this county, Avith his father, Avhen four years of age. He is a son of Samuel H. and Abbie A. (Manley) Newman, natives of Penn sylvania. His father was a merchant, and he entered his father's store, and Avhen a young man went to Troy and clerked several years ; then commenced in mercantile pursuits for himself, and remained there Until 1880, Avhen he came to East Smithfield. He was united in marriage, June 10, 1865, Avith Carrie, daughter of John and Eliza (Reynolds) McDougal, of Alba. There has come to them one daughter, Helen M., born February 16, 1867, noAv the Avife of James H. Phillips, of Smith- field. Mr. Newman is a member of the I. O. O. F.; is a Republican, and takes an active interest in politics; has been a school director seA'en years. He has a fine farm of 140 acres, which he carries on besides his extensive mercantile interests, and raises stock for the market. Mr. Newman is a very genial and agreeable gentleman, and is respected by a Avide circle of friends; his wife is a consistent member of the Baptist Church. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1049 HENRY T. NEWMAN, farmer, Warren township, P. O. Warren Centre. Many years ago three Newman brothers came to America in the ship "May Flower;" one returned, another settled in Connecti cut and the third in Rhode Island, and from the latter descended the Newmans of Bradford county, the link being traced by a son, Samuel Newman, a Presbyterian minister, of whose family not much is definitely known, except that he had a son, Jesse Newman. The latter died in 1814, and his Avidow died in 1820 ; of their children was Nathan Newman, who first married Mary Cole, and by her had three children ; his second marriage Avas with Chloe Cole, and by her he had four children ; his eldest son Avas John Newman (by the first wife), who married Sarah Taft, June 6, 1814, and removed to this county in 1819, in company with his brother Nathan, the transportation and possession being two yoke pf oxen and a horse ; they made their permanent home in Warren township, and boldly met the hard fate of all early pioneers. John Newman died March 20, 1863, and his widow, May 16, 1869 ; they had one child, Avho grew to maturity — Henry T., the subject of this sketch, who was born July 13, 1817. He was sixteen months old when the family came to this county, and Avas carried in his mother's arms most of the way. These pioneers followed in the long way, through the forests, marking the trees, and it was literally in the Avilderness that this child grew and imbibed his first lessons of life, and saAv his parents commence the little clearing that eventually became the farm home. He remembers his first impressions, that this dear old farm was the center of the earth, and he felt genuine sorrow for the poor people that lived so far off as New York or London, supposing that they must be very lonesome so " far, far away from home." He has become one of the most important farmers, and is proprietor of 250 acres of fine farm land. He was mar ried, May 6, 1841, in Warren Centre, to Martha A. Bowen, daughter of George Bowen, and to this union were born two children, Sarah and David C. Sarah married Lewis N. Wade, of Owego, and has three children : George H., John W. and Louis D. Of these children, George H. married Bessie Root, and has one child, Edna A. This last introduces us to the seventh generation that have been looked upon by Henry T. Newman, who had but one ambition — to care for his family. Both ancestors and descendants have ahvays voted the Republican ticket, and Mr. Newman, has in time past, reluctantly filled the local offices of school director, assessor, clerk and auditor. DAVID C. NEWMAN, farmer, of Warren township, P. O. War ren Centre, was born October 23, 1853, in Warren township, this county, a son of Henry T. and Martha A. (BoAven) Newman, whose sketch is given above. David's sister, Mrs. Lewis N. Wade, resides in Owego, and has three sons: George H., an electrician and superin tendent of electric lights in Atlanta, Ga.; John W., Jr., a dentist at Sua Paulo, Brazil, S. A., and Louis D., a school lad. David C. New man, the subject of the sketch, was reared on his father's farm in Warren township, engaged in farming, and now owns a valuable farm of 150 acres. He was married at Little Meadows, in 1872, to Belle W., daughter of William P. and Jane (Carey) Arnold, natives of 1050 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Pennsylvania. William P. Arnold is the son of Benedict Arnold, and his wife the daughter of Daniel A. Carey, better known as " Squire Carey," as he had been justice over twenty years. Belle, the eldest of his children, was born, educated and married in the township. Mr. and Mrs. Newman had four children : Charles, born February 3, 1874; William, born June 9, 1876; Noah, born September 10, 1878, and Martha J., born April 5, 1880. Mr. Newman is a charter member of Sexennial League; has been town collector, and is a Republican in politics. Mrs. David Newman's mother is a widow, the father having died in 1887. C. F. NICHOLS, justice of the peace, and ticket agent of the D. L. & W. R. R., Athens, is a native of Burlington, this county, and was born October 2, 1824. His parents were Earl and Ursula (Clark) Nich ols, the former of whom, a native of Rutland, Vt., came to this county when quite young; the latter was a native of Burlington township. The father was a prominent farmer, and died on his farm in June, 1866, in his sixty-seventh year; Ursula Nichols died in 1885 in her eighty-fifth year. C. F. Nichols is the eldest in a family of five chil dren, and was reared on a farm, receiving his early education in the common schools; then attended the academy at Waverly, one year, and Troy Academy, two years; Avas offered and accepted the principalship of the Bellefonte school one year; taught five years in Burlington vil lage, and three years in the district school. He purchased a farm in 1851, and farmed until 1869, except the time he was in the army. He enlisted in August, 1864, in Company B, Two Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Regiment, and was mustered out in Washington in May, 1865. In 1869 he entered the Towanda postoffice as clerk, where he remained two years; then was elected president of the Boss Fanning Mill Manufacturing Company, a position he held three years; after which he went to Kansas, and acted as newspaper correspondent about six months, and then returned home. In Aprii, 1878, he visited McPherson City, Kan., whither he moved the following year, and purchased a farm of 160 acres, which he operated by hired help. He Avas elected and served four years as justice of the peace, and police judge. Returning, in the spring of 1884, to Elmira, he here remained about one year; was then appointed ticket agent of the D. L. & W. R. R. and removed to Towanda, where he remained until the spring of 1888, when he came to Athens. Mr. Nichols was married in Burlington, April 10, 1851, to Martha, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (LoAve) Smith, natives of Orange county, N. Y.; she is the fifth in a family of eight children, and was born in Nichols, N. Y., February 9, 1824. To Mr. and Mrs. Nichols have been born four children, as follows: Ulysses A., deceased; Albert, a telegraph operator in Missouri; Maur ice J., manager of the Western Union Telegraph, Cheyenne, Wyo., and Maria E., wife of L. H. Woodward, conductor on the Lehigh" Valley Railroad. Mrs. Nichols is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Nichols was elected auditor of Bradford countv in 1851, and elected to the State Legislature in 1856, and re-elected in 1857; has served twelve years as justice of the peace; was appointed sergeant-at- arms of the House of Representatives, in 1873; is a member of the G. A. R., Perkins Post, No. 200, and politically is a Republican. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1051 JAMES W. NICHOLS, farmer, Burlington township, P. O. Moun tain Lake, was born October 1, 1826, in Burlington township, this county, a son of Earl and Ursula (Clarke) Nichols. His father, who was of English origin and a native of Ghenango county, N. Y., removed to this county with his father when a lad, who settled on Sugar creek, near Avhere the village of Burlington now stands ; the grandfather of James W. Nichols was born in Connecticut, and Avas but a lad during the Revolutionary War ; he married in his native State, and removed to Chenango county, N. Y., remaining only a feAv years, then came to Burlington, where he was one of the pioneers of the town; he reared a family of ten children, of whom Earl was the second; he died at the advanced age of ninety-seven. Earl Nichols, who was a farmer and a man of influence, died when sixty-six years of age ; the mother died at eighty-two years. James W. Nichols, the subject of this sketch, who is the second in a family of five children, was reared on a farm and has always followed agricultural pursuits ; he resides on the old homestead which comprises 296 acres of land, a fine elevation on the mountain, south of the village. He was married, November 8, 1848, to Anna Walters, a native of the south of Wales, Avho was born February 5, 1826, and removed to America with her parents (Avho were farmers) at the age of five years ; her father died when eighty-two years old, and her mother at seventy-seven. Mr. and Mrs. Nichols have had four children, as follows: James O'Mera, Mary U., Linnie A. and Jennie W. Mr. Nichols is a Republican in politics, and is a member of the Knights of Honor. He is one of the substantial men of the township. Mrs. Nichols and two daughters, Mary and Jennie, are members of the M. E. Church at Mountain Lake. P. H. NICHOLSON, proprietor of meat-market, Athens, is a native of County Galway, Ireland, and was born March 17, 1853, a son of William and Winifred (Spellman) Nicholson, natives of Ireland. The father, who Avas a farmer, died in Ireland in 1864, in his fifty-fifth year ; the mother is noAv a resident of Athens. P. H. Nicholson is the fifth in a family of ten children, of whom four are now living. He came from Ireland to Athens in 1870, and worked in the tannery six years ; then followed the butchering business one year, after which he was in the furniture works until the spring of 1883, when he engaged in his present business. He was married in Jersey City, in May, 1881, to Miss Anna M. Rohan, who Avas born in County Clare, Ireland, in Jan uary, 1861, and to them were born four children, viz.: William E., John T., Mary and Winifred. They are members of the Catholic Church ; Mr. Nicholson is a member of the Sexennial League and of the World Beneficial Association. Politically, he is a Democrat. GEORGE W. NOBLE, farmer and dairyman, Wells, is a native of Chenango county, N. Y., and was bornMay 29, 1832, a son of Alonzo C. Noble, Avho Avas born in Schoharie county, N. Y., July 20, 1808. The parents of Alonzo C. Noble were Oliver and Thankful (Crosby) Noble (natives of Massachusetts and Dutchess county, N. Y,, respec tively), the former of whom, a tanner, currier and shoemaker, died in Cayuga county, N. Y., in the fall of 1839. Mrs. Thankful Noble died January 18, 1830, in her fiftieth year. Alonzo Noble's grandfather, 1052 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Aaron Noble, who was a native of Massachusetts and a captain in the Revolutionary War, died in Butternuts, N. Y. The paternal grand father, Obediah Crosby, Avas a native of Dutchess county, N. Y. He was reared in Schoharie county, N. Y., until the age of seven teen years, Avhen he went to Chenango county, N. Y., and remained there eight years; in May, 1833, he removed to Wells township, where he resided four years, and then proceeded to Broome county, N. Y., and Avas there two years, when he returned to Wells town ship. He lumbered in Springfield toAvnship. and resided there about one and one-half years; also lumbered in Tioga county, Pa., and resided there five years, since Avhen he has resided in Wells town ship. He married, in Bainbridge, Chenango Co., N. Y., October 24, 1830, Aurelia Landers, daughter of Joseph and Deborah (Rider) Landers, natives of Massachusetts, whose family consisted of two sons and four daughters, of Avhom Mrs. Noble is the only one living, and was born in Bainbridge, Chenango county., N. Y., March 28, 1806. Joseph Landers was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. Mr. Noble, although in his eighty-fourth year, is active, and has been a man of remarkable endurance; by industry and good management he has accumulated considerable property. Our subject, who is the eldest and only living child of two children, was reared in Chenango county, N. Y., until one year old, when the family removed to Wells township, this county, where he has since resided, except the times mentioned above, when he was with his father in the lumber business. Mr. Noble is one of the most successful farmers of the township, and is engaged extensively in the dairy business ; is also a breeder of Jersey cattle ; he owns a well-improved farm of 230 acres, and a timber lot of eighty acres. Mr. Noble was married in Southport, N. Y., in 1856, to Mary, daughter of John W. and Sarah Ann (Wyker) Pellett, native of Sussex county, N. J.; she is the eldest of two children living, and was born in Sussex county, N. J., February 28, 1837. To Mr. and Mrs. Noble were born tAvo children : Ella, wife of Edward Joralemon, and Alonzo P., married to Helena Corry. The family are members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Noble is a member of Wells Grange, No. 524, and is noAv filling the office of justice of the peace, a position he has held fourteen years; he has served two terms as school director and nine years as auditor ; politically he is a Democrat. JOHN O'BRIEN, farmer, Ridgebury township, P. 0. Wilawana, Avas born in Athens, this county, September 1, 1841, and is the young est of the six children of John and Mary (Daley) O'Brien, natives of County Cork, Ireland. He began life for himself at nineteen, farming, Avhich has been the chief occupation of his life. He enlisted at Elmira, June 5, 1861, in Company D, Thirty-fifth N. Y. V. I., and participated in the battles of Second Bull Run (where he was taken prisoner), Fredericksburg, Antietam, Rapidan, White Sulphur Springs, Culpeper, Slaughter Mountain, and several others, also in the skirmishes at Fall's Church, Ball's Cross Roads and Arlington Heights. He Avas mustered out June 5, 1863, and then returned to Ridgebury, Avhere he resumed farming on his present place. Mr. O'Brien was married, April 30, 1864, to Miss Ellen, daughter of Thomas and Catherine HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1053 (McCarty) Chambers, of Ridgebury, natives of Ireland. They have had eight children, viz.: Thomas, born March 17, 1865; Frances, born September 30, 1867, and died May 17, 1870; Kittie, born August 5, 1868; John, born May 27, 18—, and died April 11, 1870; Mary, born March 16, 1875; William, born April 4, 1877; Nellie, born June 10, 1879, and Gertrude, born June 1, 1886. Mr. O'Brien and his family are members of the Catholic Church at Ridgebury, and in politics he has alwavs been a Democrat. JOSEPH OCHS, proprietor of " Ochs' Hotel," Towanda, was born at Rochester, N. Y., March 17, 1848, and is a son of Augustus and Theresa Ochs, natives of Baden, Germany, Avho came to America in 1848, settling in Rochester, N. Y, Avhere they died. The subject of this sketch was reared in his native city, where he received a German and English education, and served an apprenticeship of three years at the shoemaker's trade. On June 6, 1863, he enlisted in Company C, Sixteenth NeAV York Cavalry, and was honorably discharged from the service October 3, 1865. In 1866 he located in Elmira, N. Y., where he worked at his trade three years ; he then Avent to Chicago for eighteen months, St. Louis, six months, and in 1871 he came to Towanda, entering the employ of Humphrey Brothers & Tracy, shoe manufacturers, with whom he remained ten and one-half years; then embarked in the restaurant business, in which he Avas engaged six years; afterward kept the " Commiskey House," three years, and in May, 1891, purchased the " Seeley House," now known as " Ochs' Hotel," Avhich he has completely refurnished, making, also, other improvements, and has since successfully conducted. Mr. Ochs married, September 29, 1875, Mary, daughter of James and Mary Nestor, of Towanda, and has Iavo children: Frank and Nellie. Mr. Ochs is a member of the G. A. R:, and in politics is an Independent. EDWIN C. OLIVER (deceased) was born in New Jersey, February 19, 1816, a son of William and Mary (Carpenter) Oliver, and of English parentage. He was reared in his native State until fourteen years of age, and his early education was received under his mother's instruc tion. On the death of his mother, in 1830, he located in Watkins, N. Y., there learned the cabinet-maker's trade, and afterward, for sometime, worked as a journeyman in Elmira, N. Y; in 1838 he settled in Troy, embarking in business for himself on a small scale, and succeeded by his indomitable energy in building up a business that eventually gave him a competency. He died in 1881 after a successful business career of forty-three years, honored and respected by all who knew him; he was the first burgess of Troy, having been elected to that office in 1845, and served as a justice of the peace of Troy several terms. His tastes were literary, and he was a critic of note. On September 5, 1838, he married Eliza M., daughter of Jabez H. and Rebecca (Wood) Beers, of Elmira, N. Y., by Avhom he had three children : Perry H., Ellen (Mrs. C. G. VanFleet) and Lyman H. Mr. Oliver was a promi nent member of the I. O. O. F., and one of the charter members of Troy Lodge ; in politics he Avas a stanch Democrat. SEVELLON S. ORMSBY, postmaster, New Albany, born in Albany toAvnship, this county, Avithin the limits of the present borough, August 1054 HISTORY- OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 15, 1838, is a son of Dyer and Charlotte (Wilcox) Ormsby, the former a native of Connecticut, who came to Bradford with two brothers, Daniel and Milton, in 1812. The father was a farmer and a man of consid erable political influence; was a justice of the peace; died at the age of seventy-nine ; the mother was a native of Monroe township, and a daughter of Freeman Wilcox, one of the pioneers of the township and a soldier of the War of 1812 ; she died at the age of eighty-eight years. The subject of this memoir was reared as a farmer; in August, 1861, he responded to his country's call for troops by enlisting in Company K, Fiftieth P. V. I., and was in active service nearly three years, when he was wounded by a gunshot in the left leg, below the knee, in the charge in front of Petersburg ; the same day his leg was amputated in the field hospital. He remained in the service until June, 1865, after the close of the war, and is now a pensioner. Mr. Ormsby was married December 25, 1864, to Matilda Brown, of Albany township, and they have had three children, as folloAvs:- John B., a telegraph operator, married to Louise Arnt, of Scranton, Pa.; Ella Louise and Fred G. Mr. Ormsby is a member of the G. A. R. and the I. 0. 0. F.; politi cally he is a Republican, and has been collector, constable and assessor of his township ; is now postmaster at New Albany, which position he-has held some time ; he is much respected in the community. DANIEL G. OS BORN, farmer and stock-grower, of Windham, Pa., P. O. Nichols, N. Y., is one of the leading citizens of Windham township, and a Avar veteran. He resides in the immediate vicinity of where he was born, February 26, 1839, and is a son of Peter and Rachel (Gardner) Osborn, natives of Orange county, N. Y., who came to Bradford county in 1827, locating in Windham township, and spent the remainder of their lives on their farm. The father died Novem ber 12, 1882, the mother September 24, 1852* Their family consisted of eight children, as follows: Elizabeth, Sarah (wife of Charles John son, a farmer of Windham, who died in 1861), Parmelia (Avife of Job Bixby, who died in 1883), William (died April 25, 1890), Laura (wife of Peter Barnes, who died in 1850, and she married Jefferson Wait, of Nichols, N. Y.), Henry B. (a harness-maker in Evergreen), Richard (died in 1874, in Wisconsin, had been a soldier in the Fifth Regiment, New York Cavalry, Company G, returned from the army in broken health and never recoArered), and Daniel G., whose name heads this sketch. The latter received his portion of his father's estate, and purchased the interest of the other heirs in the homestead, and now owns 100 acres of highly improved land. He was married in LeRays ville, January 1, 1866, to Esther E. Russell, widow of Morgan Russell, and daughter of Martin V. B. and Abigal (Bidlack) Towner. Morgan Russell was killed in the battle of Chancellorsville, May 3, 1863 ; he and his brother lay side by side on the field. Daniel G. Osborn's family was as follows: Millie A., Martin P., Lettie M. and Morgan D., and two children that died in infancy. Mr. Osborn enlisted in the cause of his country, in 1862, in the Seventeenth Regiment, Pennsyl vania Cavalry, Company D ; Avent direct to Washington, then into Virginia, and his regiment was detailed on picket duty for two months on the Oquaqua river, when they were captured, December 28, 1863, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1055 and carried off to Richmond ; were in Castle Thunder two weeks, when with a steamboat-load of others, they were exchanged, and were on parole, at Annapolis, until June 1, following, when the exchange was completed. He returned to duty with his regiment. Three months after, he Avas taken sick Avith typhoid fever, and was sent to Columbia Hospital, and finally given a certificate of disability, and discharged, February 15, 1864. He has never recovered from the effects of his army sickness, and receives a small pension; he is a Republican. W. H. OSBORNE, station agent, L. V. R. R, Athens, is a native of Chemung county, N. Y., born June 16, 1848, and is a son of Ira and Sarah (Jadwin) Osborne, the former a native of Chenango, and the latter of Orange county, N. Y". His grandfather, Jonah Osborne, was a soldier in the War of 1812. W. H. Osborne, who is the second in a family of se\^en living children, received an academic education, and taught district school five terms ; then learned telegraphy, and in 1870 he commenced work as an operator at Athens. On October 3, 1871, he went to Frenchtown, this county, as agent and operator; he remained there three years, when he was again transferred to Athens, as operator, and in 1877 he was appointed assistant to agent; June 16, 1886, was appointed station agent. The receipts of the station are about $150,000 a year. Mr. Osborne was married, in Athens, March 20, 1877, to Mrs. Charlotte B. Halbert, daughter of Hewitt and Elizabeth (Dodge) Andrews, the former born in Washington county, and the latter in Onondaga county, N. Y. Both her grandfathers, W. H. Andrews and Josiah Dodge, were soldiers in the War of 1812. She is the eldest of four living children, and was born in Windham, Bradford Co., Pa., October 3, 1852. To this marriage have been born four children, viz.: Ralph, Izora, Elizabeth (deceased) and Harold. They are members of the Methodist Church ; he is a member of Queen Esther Council, No. 1153, Royal Arcanum, and Sexennial League. In politics he is a Democrat. CHARLES OSTRANDER, farmer, of South Creek township, P. O. Gillett, was born in Orange county, N. Y., November 25, 1827, a son of Daniel and Mary (Halleck) Ostrander, both of whom were born in Orange county, N. Y. Daniel Ostrander is a son of Jacobus Ostrander, who was a native of Ulster county, N. Y., and was an unostentatious farmer, who lived an uneventful life ; he reared a family of four children all of whom grew to maturity. Charles was reared and educated in Hamptonburg, Orange Co., N. Y., and ahvays confined himself to tilling the soil in preference to speculation. March 1, 1847, at the age of twenty, he married Miss Mary Ann, daughter of David Van Buskirk, by whom he had six children, five of whom are living: Almira, Ann Marie, Charles, Samuel and William H., and four of Avhom are married. In 1859 he removed to Ridgebury, this county, where he resided eight years. In 1867 he moved to South Creek, where he purchased a farm of seventy acres with improvements. His first wife having died, he married, "December 27, 1870, at Mill Port, N. Y., Mrs. Unice, widow of John Sterling. By this marriage he had one child. In 1862, when our country needed defenders to protect her integrity and preserve her union, Mr. Ostrander was not found wanting; he joined Company G, 1056 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. . One Hundred and Seventy-first P. V. I., in which he served nineteen months, and was honorably discharged, the war having closed; he now enjoys a pension. Mr. Ostrander is a general farmer and an enterpris ing man of sterling qualities ; he is a member of the G. A. R., and polit ically is a Republican. B. J. OVERFIELD, blacksmith, Camptown,- Avas born in Wyoming county, Pa., September 4, 1859. a son of Benjamin and Lois Ann (Camp) Overfield. His father was a farmer by occupation, and had a family of eight children, as folio avs : Harriet, married to Albert Bunnell, a farmer of Wyoming county; Jennie, married to John H. Fellows, now mayor of Scranton ; Emma, married to Warren Dunlap, a farmer of LackaAvanna county, Pa.; Ida, married to Winfield S. Lacey, a mechanic working at Pasadena, Cal.; B. J.; N. E., a black smith of Meshoppen, married to Miss Effa Bullard, of Meshoppen ; Nancy M., married to Wallace Baily, a farmer and butcher of Mans field, Pa., and Ferris, an engineer in a quarry at Meshoppen. B. J. Overfield, the subject proper of this sketch, was born and reared on a farm and educated in the common schools ; at the age of twenty he entered the shop of Charles Newman,of Meshoppen, to learn his trade, and after eight months spent there he came to Merryall, where he opened a shop for himself, and remained one year ; then removed to Camptown, and for one year rented his present shop; but in 1883 he pur chased it, together with his residence property. He has a large business, and besides horse-shoeing and general blacksmithing does all kinds of carriage repairing. Mr. Overfield was united in wedlock, March 15, 1881, at Little Meadows, with Lucettie S. Billings, a daughter of Samuel Billings, a farmer of Wyalusing, Bradford Co., Pa., and this union has been blessed with four children ; Bennie B., born December 19, 1881; Nirum A., born February 8, 1884; Lois A., born July 19, 1888, and Grace E., born August i, 1890. Mr. 0\Terfield is a member of the I. 0. 0. F., Wyalusing Lodge, No. 503 ; also of the P. of I., Camptown Association; in politics he is a Republican. He has always depended on his own resources, and has been very successful. HON. EDWARD OVERTON, Jr., Towanda. While this gentle man is the only living member of the family of that given name, yet, in this instance, the careers of father and son, and their professional lives, have been so nearly the same, that it makes it easier to ward off confusion by continuing the designation of senior and junior, than oth erwise. The name Overton will remain familiar to the future genera tions of the county, as long as its civic organization lasts. Edward Overton, Sr., was a son of Thomas Overton, who was buried in Ulster Cemetery in the year 1836; the family had immigrated from Clitheroe, Lancashire, England, in 1816, where Edward Overton, Sr., was born, December 30, 1795. He was educated for the bar, in London, and had the advantages of the counsel and advice of his uncle, Giles Blaisdell, an eminent barrister of his day, and commenced the study of haw at the early age of sixteen. As evidence of the difference between then and now, it may be mentioned that the articles of enrollment of Edward Overton, Sr., as a student of the law, are recorded, in the King's Bench, with a stamp duty of one hundred pounds sterling HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1057 thereon. The young English laAvver, Avith his father's family, came permanently to America, locating in Wilkes-Barre in 1815, and was at once examined and soon admitted to practice in the courts. • He opened his office at Athens (or Tioga Point) and after three years came to Towanda, where he spent the remainder of his life, and where, for more than half acentury, he stood at the head of hisprofes- sion,and at one time,in the much litigation growing out of the Connecticut claims, he Avas Avidely known as the foremost lawyer of his day, in that tremendous arena Avhere many of the most noted jurists of the Commonwealth had met as legal gladiators. He had identified him self Avith the Federal and Whig parties, but eschewed official life entirely, giving his time and best efforts to his profession, and to those large affairs for the development and improvement of the country. He organized the Barclay Coal & Railroad Company, which purchased of the Barclays, of London, 20,000 acres of the coal lands, to reach which the Barclay Railroad was built. This opened up that heretofore Avild erness, and eventually developed the entire coal interests of Bradford county. Mr. Overton died in Towanda, in 1878, Avidely honored and uniArersally regretted. He had married, in the year 1818, Eliza, daugh ter of Henry Clymer, of Philadelphia, and granddaughter of Hon. George Clymer, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independ ence, as well as one of the framers of the Constitution of the United States. They had the following children: Mary, Giles, Blaisdell, Henry Clymer, Louisa, Francis Clymer, Edward, Jr., and Eliza. The subject of this sketch, the youngest son, and next to the young est child, was born in ToAvanda, this county, February 4, 1836; attended the public schools and Avas graduated in the Princeton Col lege, in 1856, when he commenced reading law in the office of Judge Mercur. He received his attorney license in 1858, and at once opened an office. In 1861 Judge Mercur, who Avas county attorney, Avas elected president Judge, and the county commissioners thereupon appointed young Overton to fill the vacancy in the office of attorney. In 1867 he was appointed to the office of register in bankruptcy, for ten years filling this responsible and busy office with distinguished eminence, and it is told truthfully by his friends, that in all the busi ness that came before him, he was in no case reversed by the superior court. He resigned his office in the bankrupt court Avhen elected to Congress, in 1876, and at the end of his term was re-elected, serving four years. His career in the national halls of legislation was one of dis tinguished purity and eminence, and as some evidence of this, in Mr. Blaine's " Twenty Years in Congress," Col. Overton is one of the five Pennsylvania Congressmen that he specially mentions. While there is no county in the Common Avealth that made a more brilliant record than Bradford in the Civil War, yet there is no name in the county more entitled to prominence and pre-eminence in our war records than that of Col. Overton. When the war cloud burst, the young lawyer Avas deeply engaged in the duties of his office of county attorney, but Avithout hesitation laid down his office and volunteered in the cause of his country, enlist ing for a term of three years, in the Fiftieth P. V. I., and at its organ- 1058 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ization was elected major. The organization of the regiment was completed in September, 1861, B. C. Christ, colonel; Thomas Brenholtz, lieut.-colonel, and Edward Overton, major. No regiment in the war experienced harder or more field service than the Fiftieth, and it earned its cognomen of the " Old Reliable." On one occasion, at the battle of South Mountain, when Gen. Wilcox was sent to for two regi ments to go to Gen. Cox Avho was severely pressed, he turned to Maj. Overton, in command of Hie regiment, and said: " Take the 'Old Reli able' and go; that is as good as any two regiments," and, without the saying, the command neither on that nor any other occasion fell short of the extravagant expectations of them by the generals, under whose eyes they had met the enemy in the " thirty-eight battles," the modest history that Avas inscribed upon its banners at the close of the Avar, by order of the Secretary of War. Gen. Wilcox, referring to this circum stance, under date of October 11, 1883, says: " On this day, Septem ber 14 (1862), Major Overton in command of the regiment, . * was performed the double feat of changing front under a heavy fire, and checking an incipient panic. This was done well and gallantly under the cool bravery and good management of Col. Christ, of the brigade, and Maj. Overton, of the regiment." Col. Christ was brevetted brigadier general, Lieut.-Col. Brenholtz was killed at Jackson, Miss., on Big Black River, July 16, 1863, and from that time Col. Overton was in command of the regiment. A curious error in our war history should be here corrected. In the battle of Nye river, near Spottsyl vania, May 9, 1864, Gen. Christ's brigade and Col. Overton's com mand were exposed, and certain regiments had been driven in con fusion, when Col. Overton, with five companies, took the responsibility, and charged the adArancing rebels, nearly 3,000 strong, and repulsed and scattered them, making considerable captures. Gen. Cutcheon, Avho, by accident, witnessed this remarkable feat, happened to see Capt. Schwenk, of one of Lieut.-Col. Overton's companies, but did not notice the Lieut.-Colonel in command, and reported the charge as hav ing been made by the captain. Gen. Wilcox, Avho had incorporated this error in his report, afterward wrote and corrected it, as far as he Avell could. He pronounced it a fine bayonet charge, and said it Avas the "peculiar glory of Maj. Overton and his little battalion of the Fiftieth." Maj. Overton Avas made lieutenant-colonel, to date from the death of Col. Brenholtz. The command Avent West, and was in the Vicks- burg campaign, March 23, 1863. The department reports of the " Old Reliable," at the close of their service, being 125 killed, 450 wounded, of whom 150 died; 134 in Southern prisons, of whom 56 died. In all this service Maj. Overton was but once wounded, and that was at the battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, where he received a gunshot wound in the leg. Returning to his home, he resumed at once the active practice of his profession, and as lawyer and politician has well demonstrated that peace hath her victories as renowned as war. In 1869 Edward Overton, Jr., and Miss Colette T. Rosseel were joined in the bands of wedlock ; she is a daughter of Rev. Joseph A. Rosseel, of the Presbyterian Church. The children of this marriage, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1059 in the order of birth, are as folloAvs: F. C. Overton, Sarah R., John R. and Eliza C. The family are adherents of the Presbyterian Church. NELSON OVERTON, farmer and stock-grower, P. O. Wyalusing, was born in Pike county, Pa., August 18, 1819, a son of Justice and Mary (Robinson) Overton, the former of whom was born on Long Island, of English descent. The maternal grandfather, who Avas a sea captain, was lost at sea. While the father was a small child, his parents removed from Long Island to Pike county, Pa. The father, who was a teacher and farmer, removed to Bradford county in the fall of 1855, and died the same winter, but the mother survived him several years; they had a family of seven children, only two of whom are now living, Nelson and Mrs. Mary Stevens, of Standing Stone. The subject of this memoir had the advantages of a common-school education, and came to this county when he was nineteen years of age. After his arrival he contracted for 100 acres of land, which are now owned by S. S. Butts, began to clear the same and convert the timber into lumber, for years following lumbering and rafting; then sold and purchased, fifty acres where James Vaughn, Jr., now lives; finally, he located on the place Avhere he now resides, and proceeded to clear and improve the same; also purchased land, until he now owns a fine farm of 177 acres. Mr. Overton Avas married, August 18, 1846, to Emeline Baker, daughterof Joseph Baker, a prominent farmer of Bradford county, and to them were born seven children, viz.: Amanda J. (married to Theodore Coburn ; Edward, now a druggist in Chester (married to Minnie Abbott); Orenzo S. (married to Seba Blakeslee); Elias, a hard Avare merchant, of Nebraska (married lo Belle Lewis); Lyman O; Mary and N. Bernard, living with their father. Mrs. Overton died in October. 1879. Mr. Overton is a member of the Old-School Baptist Church of Vaughn Hill; politically he is a Republican, and has filled the various town offices. He has alwavs depended on his OAvn resources, and been very successful. ORENZO STEVENS OVERTON, proprietor of the "Bartlet House," Wysox, was born, March 19, 1850, at Vaughn Hill, this county, a son of Nelson and Emeline (Baker) Overton, natives of Rhode Island and Pennsylvania, respectively, and of English origin. The subject of this memoir, who is the third in a family of seven children, was reared on a farm, educated in the common school, and began life for himself when twenty-six years of age, dealing in hay and grain at Wyalusing, and later at Rummerfield, as agent for Paul Billings & Co., of Tunk hannock, Avhom he still represents; he located in his present place of business December 23, 1890, and is a very popular landlord. Mr. Overton was married, July 3, 1873, to Seba, daughter of Lyman and Alvina (Magar) Blakeslee, the former a native of Connecticut, of Eng lish origin, the latter a native of New York, of Irish lineage. Mr. and Mrs. Overton have one child, Maud M., born July 1, 1874. Mr. Over ton is a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge, at Wyalusing, and of the Masonic Lodge, at Towanda. Politically he is a Republican. LYMAN C. OVERTON, farmer and stock-grower, Wyalusing, was born August 17, 1866, on the old homestead, where his father now lives, a son of Nelson Overton. He was reared on the farm, educated 1060 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in the common schools of Vaughn Hill, and his boyhood and early man hood were passed in clearing the land, and in farming, with the excep tion of one winter spent in Michigan and one in Lycoming county, Pa. He remained on the old homestead until the spring of 1886 ; then pur chased and removed to the Vaughn homestead, a beautiful farm of 189 acres, besides which he OAvns a small farm of fifty acres, and he has his farm well stocked. Mr. Overton Avas married, March 10, 1886, to Carrie L. Archer, daughter of Thomas Archer, of Pond Hill, and they have two children : Florence E. and Raymond A. Mr. Overton is a member of White Lilly Lodge, No. 808, I. 0. O. F., Wyalusing, and has taken all the degrees of the Subordinate Lodge. He is a Repub lican in politics, and has filled several of the town offices. AUGUSTUS OWEN, Canton, is a native of Canton, this county, born September 26, 1843, a son of Samuel and Adelia (Morse) OAven. His paternal grandparents were Thomas and Philah (Adams) Owen, natives of Orange county, N. Y., and Sussex county, N. J. His father was born in Orange county, N. Y., October 5, 1815, the eldest in a family of six children, of Avhom five are now living. When he was eighteen years of age he left Orange county and moved to Rutland toAvnship, Tioga Co., Pa., where he resided until 1838, when he removed to Troy, this county, farmed and lumbered until 1848 ; then Avent to Canton, and has resided here since. He was in partnership with Col. Pomeroy in the stage business, about twelve years, and drove stage from Elmira to Williamsport, a number of years. The subject of this sketch, who is the eldest in a family of five children, was reared in Canton, and received his education in the borough schools ; began teaching school, but soon resigned his position and. enlisted February 23, 1864, in Company B, Fiftieth New York Engineers, and served until the close of the Avar ; was mustered out at Fort Berry, Virginia, June 27, 1865, returned home and farmed until he was appointed postmaster at Canton borough, in June, 1885, Avhich office he held until March, 1890. In November, 1890, he accepted his present position Avith H. Crawford. He Avas married, in Canton, Sep tember 3, 1868, to Sophia, daughter of J. W. and Jane Van Dyke, natives of Canton and Lansing', N. Y., respectively ; she was the eldest in order of birth in a, family of four children, and was born in Canton toAvnship May 1, 1842, and died June 25, 1888. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church. To Mr. and Mrs. Owen were born three children as folloAvs : Adelia H., L. D. and John W. Mr. Owen is a member of the G. A. R., Ingham Post, No. 91 ; politically he is a Democrat. EDWARD OWEN, farmer and stock-groAver, Pike township, P. O. LeRaysville, was born June 14. 1824, in north Wales, a son of Edward and Ann (Morris) OAven, the former of whom Avas a miller by trade. They had a family of seven children, of Avhom Edward is the . eldest. He came to America in 1835, and settled on the farm now owned by S. M. Williams, in Pike township, -this county. Edward assisted his father in clearing the farm, until the age of thirty, when he began life for himself. In 1870 he purchased the " Dick Ashton " farm of 114 acres, where he now resides. He was married, August 15, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1061 1854, to Elizabeth, daughter of David and Mary (Pepper) Hillis, and they have the following children : Mary, born August 15, 1857, married to Raymond Cobb, a farmer in Tuscarora to»vnship; Martha, born August 18, 1859, married to Benton L. Wells, a merchant and policeman, in New York City. Mr. Owen is a member of the Wes leyan Methodist Church at Jackson Valley, has been class-leader thirty years, and trustee eighteen years. Politically he is a Prohibitionist. KILEON PACKARD, farmer, P. O. Alba, was born in Canton township, this county, October 7, 1826, a son of Silas and Sally (Ayres) Packard, natives of Pelham, Mass., and Lackawanna county, N. Y., respectively. Silas Packard was a cooper and saltmaker by trade, the latter of which he followed several years in Syracuse, prior to his com ing to Canton township, about the year 1821. Here he worked at the cooper's trade, and farmed ; he was born in 1796, and died March 19, 1863 ; his wife died in 1867, in her sixty-fourth year. The Packards came from England to this country about two hundred and fifty-two years ago. The paternal grandfather was a native of Brockton, Mass., and was a soldier in the Revolutionary War ; he died of the cold plague. The subject of this memoir is the second, in order of birth, in a family of thirteen children, of Avhom two died in infancy. He Avas reared in Canton township, and received a common-school education ; is one of the successful farmers of this county, owning a farm of 200 acres ; he followed the lumber business in Clinton county, Pa., nearly seven years. In 1884 he purchased the "Packard House," in Canton, which he still oavhs. He Avas married in Burlington, in 1855, to Matilda, daughter of Dr. Henry and Rebecca (Loper) Riley, natives of Pennsylvania and New Jersey, respectiATely; they were early settlers of Lycoming county, Pa., and later in life removed to this county. Dr. Henry Riley died in 1874, in his seventy-eighth year ; Mrs. Riley died in January, 1890, in her eighty-third year. Mrs. Packard was the third, in order of birth, in a family of three daughters and one son, and Avas born in Burling ton township in 1833, and died October 11, 1887. To Mr. and Mrs. Packard were born two daughters : Arvilla (wife of C. L. Chesley , and Laura L. (who died February 22, 1887, in her tAventy-sixth year). Mr. Packard is a director of the First National Bank of Canton ; politically he is a Republican. F. T. PAGE, merchant, Athens, is a native of Athens, and Avas born January 1, 1842, a son of Thomas and Anna (West) Page, natives of England, who came to America in a sailing vessel, in 1831, and Avere eleven weeks on the water. Thomas Avas a farmer, and died in Athens, in 1876, in his eightieth year; his Avife died in 1842, in her fortieth year. F. T. Page is the youngest of their ten children, and received a public-school education and clerked in a store for several years. In the spring of 1862 he opened a general store in Athens, and has been actively engaged in business since. The past fifteen years he has been devoting his time largely to the wholesale butter trade in connection with his retail grocery trade. He was married, in Athens, in 1866, to Miss Julia O. daughter of AndreAv W. and Julia A. (Bristol) French, natives of New York State; she is the youngest in a family of four children (daughters), and was born in Milford, 62 1062 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Conn., in January, 1846. To them were born five children as follows: Robert F., Walter T., Bertha A., Louis F. and Kenneth A. Mr. and Mrs. Page are communicants of the Episcopal Church ; he enlisted in the State Militia during the Avar, but Avas out only a short time ; is a member of the G. A. R., Perkins Post, No. 202 ; also a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70 ; has served two terms as burgess, four as school director, and several years as member of the borough council, and in politics he is a Republican. CHARLES PALMER, locomotive engineer, G. I. & S. R. R., resi dence. Sayre, is a native of Easton, Pa., and Avas born January 3, 1853, a son of John and Jennie Palmer. His father was a liveryman, and died in Easton, in 1859; his mother died in 1861. Charles Avas the second child in a family of four, andAvas reared in Easton, and received his education in the city schools. At the age of sixteen he was em ployed as brakeman on the Jersey Central Railroad, at which occupa tion he continued five years, and was a fireman on the same line about tAvo years, and then came to Sayre, August 8, 1878, and Avent on the G. I. & S. R. R. as a fireman, and Avas promoted to engineer, May 3, 1881, and has been running on that line since. He married, in Easton, Pa., August 24, 1875, Miss Sarah, daughter of Patrick and Sarah (Burns) McCloskey, natives of County Carlow, Ireland. Patrick McCloskey died in Wilkes-Barre, in 1888, in his sixty-seventh year. Mrs. Palmer is the sixth in a family of eight children, and was born in Port Carbon, Pa., July 23, 1857. To them have been born six children, as follows : Anna, Belle (deceased), Mary, Ella, Sadie, and Harry (deceased). Mrs. Palmer is a member of the Roman Catholic Church. Mr. Palmer is a member of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, Division No. 380, and in politics affiliates with the Republicans. R. R. PALMER, farmer, P. O. LeRoy, was born in Troy, Brad ford Co., Pa., January 8, 1822, a son of Russell and Sylvia (Case) Palmer, natives of Vermont and New Hampshire, respectively. Rus sell Palmer Avas a son of Jareb and Esther (Rice) Palmer, Avho removed to this county about 1775, locating at what is now Alba, then a dense wilderness. Jareb was the father of eleven children — seven sons and four daughters — ten of whom came to maturity. R. R. Palmer, who is the fourth in the family, Avas educated in his native township. At the age of tAventy-eight, October 11, 1849, he married Diantha, daughter of Perly and Lucy (Morse), of LeRoy, a descend ant of Jesse Morse, one of the old settlers of the township. By this marriage there were four children, three of whom are living: Alice, married to John Jenkins ; E. R., married to Christene, daughter of J. McKeel ; R. J., married, July 11, 1890, to " Dell," daughter of G. L. Ross. Mr. Palmer is a Avell-to-do farmer, living on the highJands north of LeRoy; his farm is well stocked with a fine breed of Jerseys'. In politics he is a Republican. BENJAMIN PARK, farmer, of Litchfield township, P. O. Waverly, N. Y., was born, January 12, 1820, son of Daniel and Pattie Park, the former of whom was a native of this country, a son of Thomas Park, an Englishman by birth, who came to this country in its early settle ment, making his home in the Wyoming Valley, from which place be HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1063 removed to Litchfield toAvnship, about two years after the massacre; this old pioneer took up 400 acres of land, located on and near the banks of the Susquehanna river, building his house on the dividing line between the States of NeAV York and Pennsylvania. He was a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and served under Washington; was also conspicuous under SulliAran, in driving the Indians from his own settlement back to the Niagara, after which he settled in peace, and became a pros perous farmer. Daniel Park was married tAvice, and had fifteen chil dren (eleven by the first marriage, and four by the latter), thirteen of whom reached maturity, Benjamin, the subject of these lines, being the eighth member. He was educated at the common school, and in early life was extensively engaged in lumbering, often piloting his own rafts doAvn the river. He married, February 26, 1845, in his native toAvn, from which he never moved, Mary, daughter of John O. and Mary Shackelton, of English and German descent. Their family con sists of: Dell, born February 15, 1847; Dunham, born August 18, 1859 ; Sumner, born August 9, 1864; Mercur, born September 10, 1868. Dell married E. L. Walker, a wealthy farmer; Dunham mar ried Catherine McKinney, daughter of Hanson McKinney; Sumner married Olie Marie Heath, daughter of M. R. Heath. Mr. Park made ample provision for these children, presenting each with a large and productive farm. In politics he is Independent, and in faith he is a U niversalist. CHARLES F. TARK, commercial traveler, Standing Stone toAvn- ship, P. O. Rummerfield, was born in Herrick township, this c6unty, October 15, 1859. He was educated in the district school of that place, and attended Towanda Collegiate Institute two years, after which he bought and sold hay, grain and all kinds of produce, four years. In 1884 he entered into partnership Avith his brother Elmore, at Rummer field, under the firm name of Park Brothers, and continued until 1888. when he Avithdrew on account of ill-health. He then took a position on the road, representing Barton & Whedon, wholesale grocers, of Elmira, remaining with them thirteen months, and then took a similar position with S. T. Willets & Co., of New York, his present employment. He married, in 1884, Ida, the fourth child in a family of six children of Peter W. and (Loehr) Morey, and of this union are two children ; Morey A., born April 10, 1886, and Annie, born August 15,1890. Mr. Park was postmaster at Rummerfield, under President Cleveland, two years; is a member of Rome Lodge, No. 480, I. O. O. F., and in politics is a Democrat. Mr. and Mrs. Park attend the Methodist Episcopal Church, and have a Avide circle of pleasant friends and acquaintances.. He built his residence in 1888. D. F. PARK, dealer in dry goods and groceries, Athens, is a native of Sheshequin township, this county, born January 6, 1830, a son of Rev. Chester and Lemira (Fish) Park, the former of Avhom was a native of Sheshequin, and the latter of Wilkes-Barre. The father engaged in mercantile trade in Athens about the year 1835, and con tinued in business until 1862; he was born in 1802, and died in 1881; grandfather Rev. Moses Park was one of the first settlers .in Athens township, and the maternal grandfather, Capt. Fish, was a soldier in 1064 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the Revolutionary War. D. F. Park, who is the second in a family of five children, began clerking in his father's store, and in time became a partner in the business, remaining until 1862, when he succeeded 'to the sole OAvnership, and has continued in business since. He has been twice married: first time in Waverly, in 1855, to Miss Kate, daughter of Rev. Henry and Mary (Mullock) Ball; she was the third in a family of six children who grew to maturity, Avas born in Orange county, N. Y., in 1830, and died in February, 1859. By this union there is one son, Irving, now Adams Express agent in Athens. Mr. Park was married, the second time, in 1865, to Miss Lydia M., daughter of Horace and Azubia (Atkins) Carner, both natives of Connecticut ; she is the eldest of two living children, and was born in Litchfield township in 1837. To this union Avere born three sons, viz.: William, Robert (now at Cornell College) and Charles. The family are members of the Baptist Church. Mr. Park enlisted in the State Militia in September, 1862, and Avas transferred to the United States service, but was mustered out in a short time ; is a member of the G. A. R., Perkins Post, No. 202. He is a Republican, and has served as poor master twenty-five years, and has held the offices of burgess and school director and member of the borough council. ELIAS T. PARK, farmer and real estate dealer, P. O. Monroe, Avas born in Hunterdon county, N. J., March 6, 1839, and is the ninth in the family of eleven children of James A. and Maria (Bergen) Park, natives of New Jersey and of English and Dutch origin. Mr. Park -removed to Monroe township in 1860, and in 1872 located on his present home; in 1884 he purchased the Nagle farm, which occupies nearly the entire triangle between the Towanda creek and the Schrteder branch at their confluence, and proceeded to cut it up into building lots, of Avhich he made ready sale ; he donated land for streets, churches, etc., built about tAventy-five houses himself, and has sold in all about one hundred and fifty lots. Where there were but two or three build ings, noAv stands the flourishing little town of GreenAvood, the one to Avhose genius and energy it owes its very existence having declined its name; and, indeed, he is rightly styled "The Builder of Greenwood." Mr. Park was married October 8, 1863, to Miss Elma L., daughter of A. L. Cranmer, of Monroeton, and they have five children, viz.: Wil liam O, born January 20, 1864, civJ engineer on the A. & P. R. R. at Addison, N. Y.; Adclie L., born November 20, 1865; Helen J., born November 20, 1874; Mary E., born December 26, 1876, and Staates Bergen, born November 5, 1881. While taking no very active part in politics himself, Mr. Park is as firm as the everlasting hills in his alleg iance to the cause of Democracy. GEORGE B. PARK, farmer, P. O. Franklindale, was born, near Flemington, Hunterdon Co., N. J., November 6, 1833, a son of James and Maria (Bergen) Park, the former born in Asbury, N. J , the latter near Germantown, N. J., neither of Avhom ever moved out of their native States; their family numbered ten children, nine of Avhom grew to maturity, and six are now living, our subject being the seventh in the family. George B. Park was reared and educated in New Jersey, and learned the miller's trade. At the age of seventeen he HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1065 removed from New Jersey, located in Monroeton, this county, where he engaged in the milling business in 1850, which he followed five years successfully; he then eiinbarked in a neAV enterprise in the sale of Phillip's Water Wheel, at which he accumulated considerable money. He traveled through various States in the sale of these wheels. At the age of twenty -seven he married, March 25 1860, Miss Mary L., daughter of S. S. Hinman, by which union there were born four chil dren, two of whom are now living : Charles E. (married to Miss Mary Summers, of Newark, N. J.; they have one child, Edward B.) and Carrie M. Mr. Park is a prosperous farmer, -and follows a general line of industry. He is living on a farm of 140 acres of well-watered and fertile land on the Towanda creek, betAveen Franklindale on the east and West Franklin on the west; also owns a farm in LeRoy town ship of 108 acres. He is a respected and honored citizen, having held the office of justice of the peace fifteen years. Mrs. Park's father, S. S. Hinman, was one of the earliest and most successful business men of Monroeton; he was born June 18, 1811, died May 22, 1881; his grandfather, John Hinman, was the first man connected with the his tory of Bradford county; he was born February 5, 1748. DOCTOR IRA R. PARK. The family name of this gentleman is that of one of the most noted families in the early history of Susque hanna Valley. The name of Thomas Park is full of history of both Bradford county and the Wyoming Valley, of those dreadful times that tried men's souls, and by marriage the blood is linked with that of Col. John Franklin, a name that will stand pre-eminent for all time in the history of the struggles of the Connecticut people in the settle ment of the " Seventeen ToAvnships." Thomas Park, the grandfather of the gentleman Avhose name stands at the head of this sketch, Avas the first settler in the present township of Litchfield. Josiah Park, father of Thomas, was an Englishman, who, when young, Avas a sailor, but who left the sea and came to America, settling in Connecticut, Avhere his son Thomas was born ; when he had groAvn to be a young "man, he heard of the condition of the people in Forty Fort, and Avas one of the first to volunteer to come to their rescue, but reached the ground, unfor tunately, a few days after the Wyoming massacre, or battle. He re mained here, however, some time in the stockade the settlers had built, and hearing that some sugar-campers were surrounded by Indians, he raised a company and went to their rescue, and, in the skirmish that ensued with the Indians, he was wounded by a musket ball in the thigh, and he carried the leaden bullet with him to the grave. He was mar ried in Wyoming county, at the ShaAvnee stockade, to Abigael Nesbitt. He reared a family of children, as follows : Daniel, Samuel, James N., Thomas, Joseph, Amos, Benjamin, Sally, Mary Elizabeth and Susanna. Josiah Park, when old and infirm, came and spent his last days with his son, Thomas. He cleared away the brush for a cemetery, and was the first to be buried there, nearly one hundred years ago. The third son, James N., was the first child born in the present township of Litch field, in 1793, and in time became a prominent farmer. He married Margaret McKinney, by Avhom there Avas one son, Orrin, when she died, about the year 1820. His second marriage was about 1823, with Sybil 1066 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Franklin, daughter of Samuel Franklin, a brother of Col. John Franklin, and of this union there were children as follows : Margaret; Samuel, Loduski, Ulysus, Ira R., Clarissa and Hugh W. After this last marriage the father Avent to Luzerne county, where this family of chil dren were reared. The mother of the last above-named children died in 1841, when Mr. Park returned to Bradford county to make his home, and afterward he married Annie Bronson, by which marriage there were tAvo children : Elizabeth and Homer. James Park died in Litchfield township, in 1858, and was soon followed to the grave by his widow. Dr. Ira R. Park is the fifth in the order of birth, as noted above, in the list of names of the children of James Park, and his home, early life and education were in Litchfield, his birthplace. When he attained his majority he diligently engaged in the study of medicine, and graduated at the Philadelphia Medical College in 1870, and from that time he has continued in the practice. Dr. Ira R. Park and Martha Park Avere united in marriage in Litchfield; she is the daughterof Reuben and Maria (Snider) Park, natives of New York and of German descent. Dr. Park then moved to Overton, in 1870, Avhere he has made his permanent home. Their family of five children were as follows : Reuben, James F., Maria O., Edgar R. and Sybil G. (died at the age of five). The Park family have been noted Democrats in their political faith. FRANK W. PARKS, P. O. Athens, was born in Sheshequin toAvnship, April 12, 1854, on the farm now owned by Julius White, and is a son of James G. and Lenora (Green) Parks. His father Avas a lumberman and farmer, and spent the greater portion of his life in Bradford county; was a soldier in the War of the Rebellion, a member of the Fiftieth New York Engineers, Company B. Frank W. was the second in the family of four children, Edward, the eldest, Medora, the third, the fourth died in infancy. Frank attended school in Monroe town ship, and in Athens, Litchfield and Rome, and completed his studies at the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda. He commenced teaching in 1873, and followed that occupation seven years; then ob tained employment in the Sayre Axle Works, and remained there three years; then engaged with the Milton Steam Forge Company one year, after which he went to Lewisburg, and was there about one and one- half years, and then went to Litchfield and commenced farming on the farm now owned by Phoebe Campbell. Later he remoAred to the farm he now owns, of 105 acres, about sixty of which are improved. October 12, 1887, he married Kate, daughter of Joel and Phoebe (Perry) Camp bell, sixth in the family of ten children : Edgar, the eldest, married Mary Cranford, and resides in Elmira; George is Avith his mother; Emery married Emma Hulett, and resides in Litchfield ; Newton married Nellie Luf kin, and resides in Iowa; Jane was married to William Ferguson, of Ithaca, N. Y.; Alice was married to William Carpenter, of Athens ; Jay died in infancy; Lottie, Perley and Kate. John C. and Har rison, uncles of Frank W., were soldiers of the Civil War. John was a member of the Fifty-seventh P. V. I., while Harrison joined the Mich igan Cavalry. Mr. Parks is a member of the I. O. O. F., Litchfield Lodge, No. 938, and is at present assistant secretary of that Order; he is a Democrat in politics. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1067 HARRY PARKS, farmer and manufacturer of lumber, lath, shin gles and cider, Wysox township, P. O. Wickizer, Avas born in Rome, August 9, 1824, a son of John and Margaret (Strope) Parks, the former a native of Massachusetts, of Scotch origin, and the latter a native of Pennsylvania, and of German descent. In his father's family there were eleven ohildren : Sarah (deceased), Abigal Jane (deceased), Will iam B., Harriet, Harry, Nathaniel N., Chester, John M. (deceased), James, Herbert and Elisha. Harry began farming on Taylor Hill, Avhere he remained fifteen years, then purchased his present home, which now includes 275 acres. He married, March 4, 1849, Henrietta A., daughter of Silas and Margaret (Lent) Aliis, natives of Vermont and Pennsylvania, respectively. They have had born to them six chil dren, as follows: Celestia, born September 16, 1850, married to Albert Robinson, a farmer, of Wysox; Henry Myron, born October 11, 1852; Silas, born April 4, 1854; Emerson Adelbert, born August 21, 1858, died February 28, 1882 ; Lewis, born October 1, 1866, died March 2, 1873, and William, born February 6, 1868. Henry Myron,. Silas and William are engaged with their father on the farm and in the mill. The family are identified with the Republican party. ISAAC AUSTIN PARKS, farmer and stock-grower, P. O. South Hill, Avas born in New London, Conn., October 26, 1814, a son of Isaac Parks, who was born in Groton, Conn., October 25, 1784. Grand father Stephen Parks, a native of Connecticut, a farmer by occupation, was drowned in the North river while trying to cross on the ice, in 1792; he married Annie Williams, and they had four children, viz.: Stephen, Isaac, Eunice (wife of R. Avery) and Darius. He had served in the Revolutionary War. Mrs. Stephen Parks died in her eightieth year. Isaac Park attended school until his fifteenth year, and served an apprenticeship at the boot and shoe trade, while attending school three months each year, until he attained his majority. In 1805 he joined the militia, and served until 1813 ; was a Minute Man the remainder of the year. In 1814 he removed to Otis, Mass., Avhere he built a tannery and shoe shop, and carried on business four years ; then sold and came to Pennsylvania, settling in Orwell township, Avhere he took up a " possession claim, " now the homestead, and here spent the remainder of his life. He married, at NeAV London, Conn., in 1812, Hannah, daughter of Jonas and Lucy (Spicer) Gray, and died in 1850; they had three ohildren, viz.: Isaac Austin, Lucy (deceased) and Jack son. Isaac Austin Parks attended school at Orwell until his nineteenth year, and then worked on the farm five years, and went to Arkansas two years, as a mill-wright; thence to "old Dick Gentry," of Missouri, who was. engaged in the Santa Fe carrying trade, arriving at Kansas, Council Grove. Mr. Gentry was called to New York, and Mr. Parks assumed the responsibility of delivering the goods in Santa Fe, Avhich place he reached, and, after disposing of part of the goods, was rejoined by Mr. Gentry, and they (after wholesaling the balance of goods) started for San Francisco, via the Gila and Sacramento rivers route, arriving in June, 1840, and remaining until October, when he returned to Kansas ; then at Ft. Scott, Kans., he worked at his trade four years, after which he returned home, and purchased his present place of about tAvo hundred 1068 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and fifty acres, which was a portion of the property bought by his father. Here he has made his permanent home. He has ten horses, sixteen cattle, sixteen young stock and sixty sheep. He erected his present dwelling in 1857. In 1862 he raised, and was made captain of, Company D, One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment, P. V. I., went to the front and participated in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellors ville, and numerous other engagements ; Avhen his command was on the Rappahannock he resigned, after twenty-two months' service, went to Washington, and was discharged. He married, January 1, 1845, Melissa A. Mericle, the second in the family of thirteen children of Levi and Eunice (Coggswell)MericIe, and they had children as follows: Norman L., deceased; Arthur M., deceased; Edith M., deceased; Emma A., wife of A. R. Brutzman; Ida A., wife of Joseph W. Allen; Elbert J.; Charles F.; Willie, died in infancy; Flora M., Avife of Charles Ellis, and Ella, wife of O. J. Buttles. Mr. Parks is a member of LeRays ville Lodge, I. O. O. F.; member of Hurst Post, No. 86, G. A. R. tie is a Republican, and served as county commissioner from 1853 to 1856; as town assessor nine terms; as school director twenty years, and town commissioner twelve years. W. B. PARKS, farmer, Rome township, P. O. Rome, was born in Rome toAvnship, this county, March 19, 1820, and is a son of John and Margaret (Strope) Parks. His father Avas born in Massachusetts, August 20, 1879, and died in Rome, December 8, 1873. W. B., Avho is the third in a family, of twelve children, spent his boyhood on his father's farm, and attended' the district school; his youthful days were spent in the usual occupation of the boys on the frontier — chopping, lumbering and rafting. In 1858 he purchased a one-half interest in his father's farm, and, in 1866, bought the remainder, and added other land to it, until he owned 132 acres. On September 5, 1864, he enlisted in Company G, One Hundred and Eighty-fifth N. Y. V. I., and served until the close of the war. He was in all the battles in the campaign against Richmond, and was present at the surrender of Lee ; he was discharged with his regiment, May 30, 1865, and came home and resumed farming; here he lived until 1865, when he removed to Michigan, Avhere he remained four years; then went to Nebraska, remaining until 1890, when he returned to Bradford county. Mr. Parks married, September 21, 1846, Kansas C, daughter of James Smith, of Windham township, and to them were born two children — Ophelia and James. The family are Methodists, and James and his father vote the Republican ticket. Mr. Parks is a member of Stevens Post, No. 9, G. A. R., and has held all the offices in the same. E. ASHMUN PARSONS, proprietor of the Bradford Argus, Towanda, the oldest newspaper in the county, and for the last twenty- six years Democratic to the core, and which has been in the Parsons family during the long, and surely lonesome, days of the Democracy, in good old Bradford county. " Patience, and shuffle thecards " might well have been the ornamenting motto of the faithful Argus, since it came into the hands of the Parsons — father and son — but the " silver lining" is now visible in a great, broadening band, and who shall say that so many years of hopeless gloom to this political organ may not HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1069 return, after "an hundred days," in compound interest. Ashmun, the more common name of this gentleman, well known all over the county, is a son of Elijah Parsons, and was born in Towanda, March 17, 1846 ; his mother's maiden name Avas Miss Ethlin Brown, the family origi nally came from Stonington, Conn., and both families were of Brad ford county. Ashmun is as much the product of the Argus as any "dodger" from the regular job office; in short, the paper and the Parsons family have " pulled for the shore " together for more than half a century — through sunshine and storm, with a great preponder ance of the latter. The present proprietor oame near breaking the long record, when appointed deputy postmaster, in 1885, but kept one hand, all the four years of his office, on his family favorite. He grad uated at the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, but the education received there was little compared to his better, very thorough and long schooling in a country printing office, where he was under the tuition of Wilmot, Grow, Mercur, Piollet and other prominent men, giving him a more than ordinary insight into the intricacies of politics and statecraft. He Avas married, in Towanda, January 19, 1887, to Anna Laning, daughter of William H. Morgan, an eminent civil engi neer and contractor, son of Judge Morgan, of Wysox. The Morgans were from the East, and were among the earliest families in this county, and were very prominent people. W. H. Morgan made all the first surveys and maps of Towanda and vicinity; and all over the county his surveys and plots were esteemed rare specimens of his skill as a civil engineer. He Avas in the Civil War during its existence, and was in the Commissary Department. He died in 1876, though yet a young man, and was as widely known, and as much respected, as any man in Bradford county. Mr. and Mrs. Parsons have two children : E. Ashmun, Jr., born December 11, 1887, and William Morgan, born June 11, 1890. In their beautiful cottage on York avenue, this is one of Towanda's happiest and most pleasant families. JESSE PARSONS, farmer, of Columbia township, P. O. Colum bia Cross Roads, was born in Troy township, this county, September 11, 1861, and is a son of William A. and Harriet (Whaley) Parsons. His paternal grandfather »was Allen S. Parsons, who was born in Columbia township, this county, in 1810, a son of Eli, Jr., whose father was formerly of Massachusetts, but settled in Columbia town ship in 1800. All three cleared considerable land in the township. The wife of Eli, Jr., was Hannah Rockwell, by whom he had fiA'e children: Allen S., Almira (Mrs. Lorenzo Jones), Olive (Mrs. William H. Pierce), Minerva (Mrs. Thomas J. Strait) and Cynthia (Mrs. Will iam Sherman). Of these, Allen S., the only son, succeeded to the homestead, now owned by M. S. Parsons, and died there. He was twice married : his first wife was Eliza Harkness, by whom he had four children : Eli O, William A., Emma (Mrs. Isaac Fogle) and New ton ; his second wife was Mandana Taylor, by whom he had two chil dren, Mary (Mrs. John A. Patterson) and Mahlon. Of his children, William A. was reared on the old homestead, has ahvays been a resident of Bradford county, and is now living in Burlington. His children are Fred, Jesse, Frank, Newton, Grace (Mrs. Evert Andrews), 1070 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Gertie (Mrs. Emmins Carr), Edward, Raymond, Cora (Mrs. Barney Henson) and Charles. Our subject was reared by his grandfather on the old homestead in Columbia, and has always followed farming as his occupation. He married, December 1, 1881, Ida, daughter of Nehemiah and Mrs. (White) Hodge, of South Creek township, and has one daughter, Nina. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., and in poli tics he is a Republican. JOHN A. PARSONS, manufacturer, Troy, was born in Troy toAvnship, this county, December 27, 1846, a son of Dr. Alfred and Jane (Wilber) Parsons, the former of whom was a son of Thomas and Anna (Osborne) Parsons, and was born at Enfield, Hartford Co., Conn., November 16, 1797 ; Avas educated at Williams College, and studied medicine, attending lectures at Fairfield Medical College, Fairfield, N. Y., where he Avas graduated in 1825 ; in 1826 he settled in Colum bia township, this county, and began the practice of his profession ; and later removed to Troy toAvnship, Avhere he was in active practice up to his death, which occurred Uctober 24, 1865. He attained a leading and prominent position in his profession, and accumulated a competency. He was one of the founders of the Bradford County Medical Society, in Avhich he always took a deep interest, and was three times elected its president ; in religious belief he Avas a Presbyte rian, and gave the ground to that society, where the First Presbyterian Church of Troy now stands. His wife was a daughter of Hon. Reuben and Sally (Dobbins) Wilber, and granddaughter, on the paternal side, of John Wilber, a Revolutionary patriot, and on the maternal side of William A. and Mary (McLean) Dobbins, who settled in Burlington township, this county, in 1791. Their children Avere four in number: Mary H. (who died in childhood), Sarah A. (Mrs. Theodora Waldron), Sophia L. (Mrs. Capt. W. H. Carnochan) and John A. Reuben Wil ber,, the maternal grandfather of subject, was a native of Rhode Island, born May 21, 1785, and settled in Troy toAvnship, this county, in 1807, locating on a farm of 300 acres ; was a soldier in the War of 1812. in which he did gallant service, and was paymaster with rank of first lieutenant ; in 1825 he Avas elected sheriff of Bradford county ; from 1830 to 1837 was State Senator and associate judge of Bradford county; from 1846 to 1851 was one of the presidential electors; Avas a State inspector of prisons and a member of the State Board of Equaliza tion ; he died November 5, 1881. John A. Parsons, the only son of Dr. Alfred Parsons, was reared on the old homestead in Troy township, and was educated at Troy Academy and Elmira Seminary. He began his business career as a druggist in Troy, in which he was engaged about four years; subsequently he became identified with the Enterprise Man ufacturing Company (now the Troy Engine and Machine Company), and is at the head of that establishment, and principal capitalist. He was married, October 4, 1871, to Mary E., daughter of Thomas and Maria (Briggs) Woodruff, of Towanda, and they have four children: ThomasW., Wilber H., Robert B. and Jane. Mr. Parsons is a prominent citizen of Troy township, an active member of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics he is a Democrat. J. W. PARSONS, physician and surgeon, Canton, is a native of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1071 Canton, this county, and was born October 11, 1856, a son of H. B. and Fannie L. (Lock) Parsons, the former of whom was born April 22, 1831, in Canton, and the latter August 25, 1828, in Catherine, Chemung Co., N. Y. They now reside in Canton. H. B. Parsons is a cabinet maker by trade, and was engaged in the furniture business for a number of years; later in life he was a builder, contractor and house carpenter. He is a son of Rev. James and Anna (Briggs) Parsons, natives of Boston and Alstead, N. H., respectively, the former of Avhom was educated in Boston, and was ordained to preach in the Baptist Church in 1819. In 1826 he came from Colerain, Mass., to Troy, this county, and in the spring of 1830 he removed to Canton, where he became the second postmaster. In 1832 he Avent to Allegany county, N. Y., and in the spring of 1834 to Orleans county, but in 1846 returned to Canton, where he lived until his death, which occurred May 1, 1854, when he Avas in his sixty-fourth year. Mrs. Parsons is a direct descend ant of a brother of John Locke, the celebrated English author. Dr. J. W. Parsons, who is the eldest in order of birth in a family of three chil dren, living, was graduated from the borough schools, also took lessons of private tutors, and then taught in a grammar school four years. He entered the NeAV York Medical University in the fall of 1878, and was graduated there in the spring of 1880. Returning to Canton, he began the active practice of medicine at once, and has been so engaged since. He Avas married in Canton, in June, 1881, to Miss Linda, daughter of Emett A. and Fanny G. (Hendrickson) VanSickle, natives of Phila delphia. She is the eldest in a family of three children, and was born in Philadelphia January 1, 1861. To Dr. and Mrs. Parsons has been born one daughter, Daisy V. He is president of the Board of Pension Examiners for his district, and has served as burgess of Canton bor ough three years. He is a Republican, and takes an active interest in politics. Though yet a young man, Dr. Parsons is justly esteemed by all, both as a citizen and as a physician. EDWARD PARTRIDGE, "farmer, P. O. East Smithfield, was born in Schoharie county, N. Y., October 20, 1837, a son of Ahira and Seba (Hodge) Partridge, who came to Ulster when Edward was three years old, settling in the wilderness, where they cleared a large farm. The father was a Republican from the formation of the party, and in religion, during the latter part of his life, he united with the Methodist Episcopal Church. The great-grandfather was a quartermaster in the Revolutionary Army. The subject proper of this sketch is the ninth in a family of eleven children— six sons and five daughters — and was reared on his father's farm. He married, September 13, 1870, Malvina Wright, who was born February 2, 1848, a daughter of Owen and Amanda (Parshall) Wright, early settlers in the town of Columbia, this county. Mr. and Mrs. Partridge have had four children, three of whom are living, as folloAvs : Carrie J., born March 13, 1877; Mattie M., born August 28, 1879 ; and Edward L, born August 16, 1888. Mr. Par tridge has, by perseverance and industry, accumulated a nice property. being now the owner of a fine farm of 100 acres, where he raises horses and cattle. Politically he was formerly a Republican, but for fhe past feAv years he has been a strong Prohibitionist. He is a very genial and 1072 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. pleasant gentleman, and has a wide circle of friends. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. J. E. PASSMORE, merchant, Gillett, Avas born in Wysox, this county, October 4, 1853, a son of Henry and Polly (Allen) Passmore. Of his ancestors the Passmores were from New England, and early settled in Susquehannah county, while the Aliens have been for a long period identified with Wysox and Rome townships, this county. Henry Passmore's family consisted of eight children, who grew to maturity, of Avhich the subject of this sketch is the fifth. He was reared in Wysox, and attended the public schools. He began business as a clerk in the county store at Wysox. After two years' experience, he opened a store for himself at Gillett, in 1884, and has remained there, building up a profitable trade. He has been postmaster, and a member of various Democratic committees. In 1880 he married Olive, daughter of William and Eunice Patterson, of Sheshequin. They have three children : William H., Charity A. and John A. THOMAS PAUL, nurseryman and gardener, Waverly, N. Y., is a native of Clackmannan (near Edinburgh), Scotland. His parents, James and Christena (Livingston) Paul, were natives of Scotland, the former of whom was a gardener, and died in his native place in 1885, in his eightieth year ; the latter died, in 1854, in her fiftieth year. Thomas Paul, the subject of this sketch, is the youngest in a family of seATen children, six of Avhom grew to maturity. He was educated in Musselburgh, Scotland, and at Kinnaird Castle, Forfarshire, served an apprenticeship at the gardener's trade; he was a gardener for Queen Victoria, at Windsor Castle, four years. He came to this country in the spring of 1868, and in a short time went to Rochester, N. Y., where he remained about one year, then removed to Athens township, and engaged in the nursery business and farming, and for the last few years has been engaged in gardening. He has a fine grove near his residence, with a dancing hall and dining hall, patron ized quite extensively for picnics and dances. His sister, Mary Ann, lives with him ; he has served three years as road commissioner in Athens toAvnship. He is a Republican in politics. EDWARD DUGGAN PAYNE, M. D., surgeon in the U. S. Na\Ty, residence Towanda, is the second son of Rev. Thomas and Eliz abeth Payne, and was born at Reading, Fairfield Co., Conn. They were of an old English Protestant family, long settled at Athlone, Ire land. Capt. Edward Payne, of the Royal Light Horse, married into the Duggan family of Tullamore, of the Established Church ; their son Thomas was born in 1804, and their son Edward two years later. Their father died when they were young, and they went to the care of an uncle, Thomas Duggan, who designed young Thomas for the army; the lad refused an ensign's commission, joined the Dissenters, and was ordained to preach ; he exhorted at sixteen, and preached regularly at tAventy years of age. He came to America in 1830, joined the Metho dist Conference, and Avas given charge of the Cherry Street Church, Philadelphia. Soon after he was sent as a missionary through northern Pennsylvania, Avhere he labored until 1831, when he returned to the Conference, and was then sent to Centreville, N. J., for one year, then HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1073 to the Salem circuit, Avhere he remained until the spring of 1838, when he went to the Zion circuit, and Avhile here changed to the Congrega tional Church, became a minister bf that denomination, and was sta tioned at Rye, SaAvpitts and Old Greenwich. In 1841 he went to Avestern New York, in charge of the New-School Presbyterian Churches, at Somerset, Wilson and Knowlesville, and died in the latter place in 1852. He had married, in December, 1830, Elizabeth, daughter of John Wilson, of what was then Luzerne (now Wyoming) county. Mr. Wil son, who was pure English, had been in this country many years; his daughter was noted for great devotion and piety, and now (1891) is, at the ripe old age of eighty-seven years, with all her faculties unim paired, and in contented peace and quiet, in the home of her son, Dr. Payne, where she.is patiently awaiting the summons of her Master. Dr. Payne spent his youth Avith his parents in Connecticut, New Jersey and New York, and the principal part of his education Avas gained at Wilson Collegiate Institute. While yet a youth (in 1850), he came to northern Pennsylvania, and in September of the next year found employment in the drug store of Dr. H. C. Porter, in order to learn the business, and Avas thus employed four years, in his leisure moments studying medicine, and in the winter of 1855-56 attended Jefferson Medical College. On his return to Towanda that spring, he had a flattering offer to go into the drug business with Hon. J. G. Pat ton, and accepted it, but returned, in the autumn of that year, to Jeffer son College, and graduated in 1857. The self -helpful boy Avas now a self-made man, who carved his Avay, unaided, and was as thoroughly grounded in the fundamentals of medicine and surgery as any young man that had ever come from his Alma Mater. He continued in busi ness with Mr. Patton until a long and severe sickness (in 1860) com pelled him to retire; he had overtaxed a delicate constitution, and a long rest was enforced. The Avar came in 1861, and mis quickened pulse beat high again. During the summer he received an unsolicited permit to appear before the army medical board, was examined, and was urged by the eminent Dr. H. H. Smith, surgeon-general of the State, to apply to the Navy Department, and was at once appointed, September 20, assistant-sur geon in the navy, and assigned to duty at the NaATal Asylum, Phila delphia. On December 17, following, he Avas ordered to the U. S. frigate " Congress," Hampton Roads, and was in the battle of March 8, 1862, when the "Congress" and "Cumberland" Avere destroyed by the rebel " Merrimac." On his vessel, out of a crew of 250, one hun dred Avere killed and thirty wounded. The commanding officer was killed, the surgeon disabled, the vessel on fire beneath the magazine, and the duty of caring for the Avounded, getting them on shore and into a hospital, deA'olyed upon Dr. Payne. He was detailed to bring the wounded to Hygiea Hospital, Old Point Comfort, Avhich was accomplished on the 10th, the steamer "Adelaide" being placed at his disposal for that purpose. For his gallant services on that occasion he received high commendations from Surgeon Shippen. On Sunday, the 9th, he witnessed the battle between the "Monitor" and "Merrimac." In June, following, he was ordered to the "PoAvhatan," and joined the 1074 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. South Atlantic blockading squadron, off Charleston, and witnessed the first iron-clad attack on Fort Sumter. In May, 1863, he was inva lided and sent North, but in a few days reported for duty and was appointed to the Naval Rendezvous, Chicago. On August 15, follow ing, he applied for surgical duty, and was ordered as surgeon of the U. S. S. " Metacomet," and in her joined the West Gulf blockading squadron, under Farragut. At the battle of Mobile Bay, August 5, 1864, the "Hartford," Farragut's flag ship, and the "Metacomet," led the line of battle, lashed side by side. When opposite the fort the " Meta comet " received orders to cast loose and engage the rebel vessels. She pierced the "Gaines" with a shot which sent her disabled under the walls of Fort Morgan, chased the " Morgan " behind the defenses, below the city, and captured the " Selma." Here again Dr. Payne was highly com mended for his conduct, by the commander of his vessel, to the Admiral, as appears in the reports of the Secretary of the Navy. On January 24,1865, he was ordered North, and March 6, to the Naval Rendezvous, Philadelphia. While there he was examined for surgeon, and on the 28th of that month was promoted to passed assistant-sur geon. On July 19, he was ordered to the Pacific Station, Panama, where he joined the ship " Farallones," and went to the Straits of Magellan to meet the squadron under Commodore Rogers; returned to Panama, in April, 1866, and in May was sent to the "St. Marys," and in this ship to San Francisco; thence was ordered home, via Panama. On the opening of the U. S. Naval Hospital, Washington, 1866, his good friend, Dr. Maxwell, who had been fleet surgeon of the Pacific Station, and was then in charge, asked the Navy Department to give him, as first assistant, Dr. Payne, and he was on duty here until 1868, Avhen he was placed on waiting orders, and given a long leave of absence ; but in July, following, Avas again ordered to the Pacific Station, via Panama, to the U. S. Steamer " Saranac," at Mare Island. In January, 1869, the officers and 'crew were transferred to the " Jamestown," and ordered to cruise among the Pacific islands. Hardly had the vessel left port, when the small-pox broke out, and forty cases were reported, Avith but one death. They touched at Mazatlan, Mex ico, and surveyed the Gulf of California, especially the Bay of Topolo- bampo, in the hope of finding a harbor of outlet to the great Arizona Valley; then proceeded to Panama, Avhere they received orders to pro ceed to the Fiji Islands, and Dr. Payne was appointed a member of a board to consider all unadjusted claims between citizens of the United States and residents at Fiji, and the natives. The board discharged its duties, and January 21, 1870, the ship returned to San Francisco, from which station she sailed, in March, for Honolulu, and was anchored in the beautiful bay of these fairy islands about a month, when she was again sent cruising among the Pacific islands, and returned, in a few months, to Honolulu. In March, 1871, she arriAred at Panama, and there received mail, which brought Dr. Payne the intelligence of seri ous illness in his family. His three years' cruise being nearly com pleted, he asked for orders to return home, and received the same. In September, he received orders as senior assistant to the Naval Hospital, at New York, and hoped to remain here some time, but circumstances HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1075 caused him to go to the Boston Naval Hospital, as senior assistant. November 7 of that year, he received his promotion to surgeon, and Avhile on duty there, he contracted the disabilities which resulted in his being placed on the list of retired officers of the Navy. During his hard service in Mobile Bay, he had been infected Avith malarial poison, and duty on the Mexican coasts and the Pacific had intensified it, as had his three years' cruise, mostly in the tropics ; and with his thin blood of the extreme South, he was transferred to the rigors o_f New England. During his service at Boston, 1872-73, contagious diseases broke out in the hospital ; a portion of the medical staff was sent to other points, and the remainder were severely overworked. The small pox was followed by malignant typhus, and now Dr. Payne Avas left aloue as surgeon ; he applied for assistance in vain, and in May, his physical condition was such that he was compelled to ask a short leave of absence, but returned, after three weeks. Within ten days, Avhile on duty, from exposure to a hot sun, he was completely prostrated, and a proper medical examination pronounced him totally unfit for duty; so he was sent home; in the fall, he went to Philadelphia, and the eminent diagnostician, Dr. DaCosta, pronounced the case one of blood- poisoning, from attendance on a case of typhus fever, and partial sun stroke. In January, 1875, he Avas ordered before the Retiring Board, at Washington, but he pleaded so strongly for an extension that it was granted, and, again anxious to try duty, he requested to be sent again to sea, and was ordered, January 10, 1876, to report as surgeon of the U. S. Steamer " Vandalia," the vessel detailed to attend Gen. Grant around the world. This trip he greatly desired to make, but almost at the moment of starting, he Avas prostrated by his old malady, and was compelled to ask to be placed on the retired list, and, April 13, follow ing, was retired. Thus, though a young man, the Doctor found his active labors of life ended, and his professional labors restricted, and the truth came as a terrible realization ; yet his active nature com pelled him to work on, and he opened his office in Towanda. In May, 1871, he married a daughter of the late T. M. Wilson, at that time a resident of Illinois. To bless this union, one child, a daughter, was born, October 7, 1878. Dr. Payne is a member of the Bradford County Medical Society, of which he has served as secretary and president, and is also a member of the State Medical Society of Pennsylvania. Upon the organization of the Pennsylvania State Board of Health, he was appointed inspector of the Lycoming district, composed of the counties of Lycoming, Tioga, Potter, Bradford and Sullivan, which office he still holds. In politics, as have all naval officers, he has given respect and obedience to admin istrations, regardless of partisan politics, but, at all times, maintains tenaciously all rights of citizenship. He is a member of the Presby terian Church, and was ordained presiding elder, in January, 1886 ; he has frequently been a delegate to the Presbytery, and was one of the commissioners to the Centennial General Assembly, in Philadelphia, in 1888. JOSEPH K. PEASE, farmer, Pike township, P. O. LeRaysville, was born in Enfield, Conn., December 25, 1821, and is the youngest of 1076 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. six children born to Alpheus and Prudence (Kingsbury) Pease, Avho Avere of English descent, and in 1825 settled on the farm where our subject now lives, then a dense forest. Joseph K. received his educa tion by attending the district and LeRaysville borough schools, and by much persistent private study; he began teaching at twenty-one, and taught fourteen terms. He was married, in May, 1862, to Maria F., daughter of Daniel and Lydia (Buffington) Chaffee, of Warren, where they settled in 1827. Mr. and Mrs. Pease have two children: Flora L. and Orlo O., both living at home. Mr. Pease was in mercan tile business at West Warren from 1868 until 1877, and deputy post master at that place for three years ; he engaged in farming at Potter ville, in 1877, since then living on his present farm. The Pease and Kingsbury families both belong to the early colony at Plymouth, Mass. Mr. Pease is a mem ber of the Congregational Church, Farmers' Alliance and Democratic party. HON. BENJAMIN M. PECK, president judge of the Thirteenth Judicial District of Pennsylvania, of Towanda, is a son of Hezekiah M. Peck, who came Avith his father, Hezekiah Peck, from Warren, R. I., to Bradford county, in 1812, and first located on a farm in Smithfield township. He remained upon his farm until 1889, Avhen he sold it, and bought a gristmill, a tannery, wagon and blacksmith shops, and a furni ture factory of moderate capacity, all of which branches of business he Avas at one time carrying on together. On September 26, 1821, he Avas united in marriage with Ruth Hale, also from Warren, R. I., a daugh ter of Benjamin Hale, and they had a family of three sons and three daughters, all living, except William A., who died in 1875, the others being as follows: Mrs. Mary W. Stanley, of Clifton Springs, N. Y.; George S., of Wysox; Mrs. Sophia C. Shoemaker, of Waverly, N. Y.; Benjamin M., the subject of this sketch, and Mrs. Frances C. White, of Dakota. The mother departed this life in 1867, and the father died at the residence of Mrs. White, in Barclay township, in 1872. Judge. Peck was born in this county, October 5, 1838, and Avas in attendance at the public schools, also the Smithfield Academy, and Avas then a student for a short time at the Collegiate Institute at Towanda. In 1858 he entered the office of Col. Elhanan Smith, Towanda, as a layv student, and was admitted to the bar as an attorney and counselor at laAv, in September, 1860, opening at once his law office, and was act ively in the practice until August 13, 1862, when he enlisted as a pri vate in Company B, One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment P. V. I., and at the organization thereof was made fi rst sergeant of the company; in a short time he became second lieutenant, and May 23, 1863, he became captain of Company B; he was with his command without interruption until October 8, 1864, when he was detailed to command the First Regiment, United States Sharpshooters, and he continued in this com mand until that regiment Avas mustered out of the service, in January, 1865. He was then appointed, by Maj.-Gen. Humphreys (subject to the approval of the Secretary of War), assistant commissary of musters of the Third Division, Second Army Corps, on the staff of Maj.-Gen. Mott, and remained in this position until mustered out at the close of the war, May 28, 1865. He was severely wounded at the battle of Chancellors- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1077 ville, at a place known as Hazel Grove, May 3, 1863, a ball passing through his neck and shoulder, just missing the spinal column and the jugular vein. His wound necessitated his being sent to hospital, and he was only able to resume duty July 7, 1863, after two months and four days' absence. When the war Avas over, and Capt. Peck was mus tered out, stiil a young man, but a veteran soldier, he returned to his home, and opened his law office and was soon deeply engaged in the practice. All three of the brothers in the family were in the war. William A. Peck Avas surgeon of the One Hundred and fourth Regi ment, Pennsylvania Volunteers; Avas promoted to surgeon-in-charge of Casey's Division, and was then medical director of Perkins' Division, Fourth Army Corps, and afterward medical purveyor of the Depart ment of Susquehanna on Maj-Gen. Couch's staff. At the time of his death he was a leading lawyer of the Towanda bar. Capt. George S. Peck was Avith his company in the Fifty-seventh Pennsylvania Regi ment, and among the earliest to respond to his country's call to arms. In 1872 Benjamin M. Peck was elected to the office of prothonotary, and was re-elected, serving six years. On retiring from office he resumed the practice of his profession. Upon the organization of the Citizens National Bank, in 1876, he was elected director and vice-president, and president in 1887. In 1890 he resigned his official connection with the bank upon his election to the position of president judge of the courts of this district, a position he is noAv filling with distinguished eminence. Judge Benjamin M. Peck and Miss Sarah H. Watkins were joined in Avedlock, April 9, 1863; she is the daughter of Mr. John Watkins, of Athens, this county, one of the prominent families of the county, of English descent. The children of Judge and Mrs. Peck are Guy W. Peck (a civil engineer, in Denver, Colo.) and Mary A. (Mrs. Charles J. Califf). The family worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Judge Peck is a trustee, class-leader and Sunday-school superin tendent. He is a member of G. A. R., Watkins Post, No. 68, and trustee of the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda. CAPT. GEORGE S. PECK, mill-wright, machinist and pattern maker, Wysox township, was born in Smithfield, this county, July 24, 1825, and is the second in the family of six children of Hezekiah M. and Ruth (Hale) Peck. He was reared on a farm and educated in the com mon schools, and, at twenty-one, entered into partnership Avith his father in his gristmill, at Smithfield, where he remained. twelve years, during Avhich time he spent two years in Wisconsin. He studied dentistry two years with Dr. L. B. Hyatt, of Smithfield, and then located in Towanda, in the practice of dentistry. On September 12, 1861, he joined, as cap tain, Company G, Fifty-seventh P. V. I., and resigned his commission September 2, 1862; then returned to Towanda, and for two years was engineer on the Barclay Railroad; then engaged in the machinist, business, which he has since followed ; was superintendent in Carman's foundry, at Towanda, four years, and since that time has constructed a great many mills in Bradford and Wyoming counties ; he had charge of the machinery in the cabinet department, in the base of the Treas ury building at Washington, from April, 1888, until May, 1889. He recently remodeled and adjusted all the machinery in the Elmira and 63 1078 HISTORY OF BRADFORD 'COUNTY. Athens Bridge Works ; in his branch of mechanics Mr. Peck is Avithout a peer. He was married, December 31, 1847, to Celestia M., daughter of Dr. Seth and Lydia (Hill) Salsbury. Mrs. Peck, Avho was a second cousin of the illustrious David B. Hill, of New York, died in 1867. Mr. and Mrs. Peck had five children, four of whom are living: George S., Jr., assistant superintendent in the Athens Bridge Works ; Kincade H., foreman in the Elmira Bridge Works; Clarence Peck, a machinist, and Ellen S., Avho resides in Athens. Mr. Peck is a mem ber of the Masonic Lodge at Athens, and in politics is a most loyal, life-long Democrat. FRED ALBERT PENDLETON (deceased) was born in Warren toAvnship, this county, February 18, 1866, a son of James and Nancy (Abell) Pendleton, natives of Rhode Island and of English stock. His father was a farmer, born January 2, 1831, and is a resident of Little Meadows, N. Y.; his mother died October 5, 1888. Their only children Avere tAvins: Fred Albert and Frank Adelbert. The former Avas reared on the father's farm in Warren township, and, when he commenced life on his own account, he engaged in merchandising, and followed this successfully till toAvard the close of his life, when he closed out his store, and purchased a farm of eighty acres, Avhere he spent the remainder of' his days. He married, May 14, 1887, Lettie, daughter of Hamilton and Jane (Walker) MorroAv, the father a native of Ireland and the mother of New York. They reareda family of seven children, of whom Lettie, the youngest, Avas reared, educated and married in Herrick township. Fred Albert Pendleton, the subject of this sketch, though young when he died, was one of the promising men of the county; his death occurred November 17, 1889. His only child died March 15, 1889. Through his mother, who was an Abell, Fred was one of the heirs to the great Abell estate of Baltimore, and his widow is now the OAvner of the estate. RAYMOND PEPPER, farmer, West Burlington township, P. O. Troy, was born in Towanda, this county, September 11, 1S24, a son of William and Amy (Bagley) Pepper, farmers of Towanda town ship, of German origin. The subject of this memoir was reared on the farm, educated in the schools of his native town, and has followed agricultural pursuits. He Avas a soldier in the Civil War, having, enlisted in Company K, Second New York Cavalry, and experienced great hardships by which his health Avas undermined ; was honorably discharged at the end of the Avar, being present at Lee's surrender, and he is a pensioner. Mr. Pepper was married November 21, 1850, to Emily E. Landon, of Canton. She was born of English descent March 14, 1829, daughter of David S. and Lucy (Case) Landon, natives of Bradford county. Her grandfather Landon was a soldier in the •War of the Revolution seven and one-half years ; was one of the body guards of General Washington, and became a pensioner. To M*-. and Mrs. Pepper have been born six children, viz.: David, born September 10, 1851, married to Odessa Baxter; Frank, born December 1, 1853, married to Marilla Clark ; Clara B., born January 24, 1859, Avife of Albert Bailey ; James V., born December 21, 1862 ; Jennie May, born May 5, 1867, wife of Fred Allen; Raymond D., born April 16, 1869, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1079 a farmer on the homestead farm, which consists of ninety acres of fine land. Mr. Pepper is a member of the G. A. R., and he and his sons are Republicans. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is one of the most respected men in the community. R. N. PERRY, insurance agent, Canton, is a native of Owego, N. Y., born July 13, 1848, a son of Hiram and Mary (Merrill) Perry, natives of Connecticut and Schoharie county, N. Y., respectively. His father, who Avas a farmer, Avas born July 12, 1800, and died February 22, 1886 ; his mother was born September 29, 1803, and died November 2, 1865. R. N. Perry, who is the youngest in a family of nine children, of Avhom six are now living, was reared on the farm in his native home until twenty-tyvo years of age, and received his education in the public schools and in the Commercial College, Williamsport. He worked on a sawmill about five years, and then was a lumber shipper in Will iamsport tAvo years ; Avas in the insurance business two years. Removing to Alba, this county, he purchased an insurance agency, and there remained one year ; then came to Canton, where he has since been engaged in the insurance and job-printing business. He was married in Owego, N. Y., in 1870, to Mary Neal, daughter of John and Lucy (Clements) Fenderson, natives of Maine; her father was a lumberman, drowned in the Susquehanna at Hyatt's Ferry, N. Y., in 1877, in his sixty-seventh year ; her mother resides in Sayre. Mrs. Perry is the twelfth in order of birth in a family of fourteen children, eight of Avhom are now living* and Avas born in Owego, N. Y., February 18, 1853. To Mr. and Mrs. Perry were born four children, as follows : Willis R., William Armstreng (now publisher of the Cantonian), Jen nie E. (deceased) and Lorena Neal. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Perry is a member of the I. O. O. F., Canton Lodge, No. 321, also Canton Encampment, and has passed all the chairs in both Orders; is also a member, of the Equitable Aid Union ; politically he is a Republican. JOHN F. PETTES, of Pettes & Ballard, grocers and crockery dealers, Troy, was born in Ulster township, this county, July 12, 1847, and is a son of Benjamin A. and Sarah (Moore) Pettes, the former a native of Wheeling, West Va., of Connecticut stock, a pioneer of Ulster township, Avhere he cleared and improved a farm, and was also, for many years, engaged in the dry-goods business in Towanda, where he died in 1889, at the age of sixty -nine years; the latter was a daughter of Robert and Mary (Grafius) Moore, of Moore's Hill, Ulster township, this county. They had three sons : Robert, of Williamsport, Pa.; John F., our subject, and William E., of San Francisco. John F. was reared in Towanda, educated at Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and Eastman's Business College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. In the spring of 1870 he settled in Troy, where, with the exception of three and one-half years spent in Chicago, he has since resided; for thirteen years he served as clerk in general stores of Troy, and in 1887 embarked in his present business, and two years later took a partner, in the person of Mr. C. W. Ballard. In 1882 he married Frank, the daughter of Edwin and Charlotte 1080 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. (Reynolds) Porter, of Troy. Mr. Pettes is one of the popular business men of Troy; in politics he is a Republican. DITON PHELPS, butcher and proprietor of a meat-market, East Smithfield, was born March 5, 1840, a son of Henry and Phoebe (Wheeler) Phelps,- the former of whom was born in Becket, Mass., and came to this county, with his parents, in 1805. Jared Phelps, the grandfather of our subject, Avas a drum-major in the Revolutionary War, and one of the first members of the Congregational Church at Smithfield ; he was the original owner of all the land where the village now stands, comprising over 200 acres ; gave the church society the land where the church now stands, also the public square and the land for the cemetery (a daughter of his was the first person buried there). Diton Phelps, who was the only son in a family of four children, Avas educated at the old academy at Smithfield, and, in 1861, he enlisted in Company F, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserve. He Avas discharged, June 14, 1864, after three years' service. Mr. Phelps wTas twice married : the first time, December 27, 1864, Avith Jane E. Gerould (daughter of Ziba and Eliza Gerould, of East Smithfield), who died in Kansas, July 21, 1873 ; Mr. Phelps' second wife, whom he married, May 3,1875, was Alice, daughter of James and Polly Gorton, of Tioga county, Pa. There have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Phelps three children, as follows: George M., born February 8, 1876; Rosa, born June 30, 1878, and Mary Jane, born March 9, 1882. Mr. Phelps is a Republican ; has been elected by his party to the offices of con stable and school director, and is at present justice of the peace ; he is a member of the G. A. R. and the Knights of Honor. HENRY L. PHELPS, farmer, in Herrick township, P. O. Her rickville, was born in Hartford county, Conn , September 22, 1819, a son of David L. and Sarah (Matson) Phelps, the former of whom died in Connecticut in 1822. The grandfather, Asa Matson, took him after his father's death, and they came to this county in 1823, first stopping on Wyalusing creek, Avhere they remained about two years, and then came to the farm he now occupies; his grandfather had with him one son, wife and daughter with three children — Henry L. and two sisters. At this time there was a cabin near the house he now occupies. The grandfather settled on this land, purchased the title from Col. Kings bury, and had about 150 acres, of which he cleared about thirty acres; he died in 1833. The house Mr. Phelps occupies Avas built by his uncle Asa B. Matson, in 1836. He now owns about 100 acres, and still leads an active life. His eldest sister married Mr. O. Stevens; his sister Emily married L. M. Stevens, now deceased. Mr. Phelps was married, October 23, 1845, to Sarah E., daughter of Ira and 'Betsy (Pierce) Brister, and they had one child, Burton H., Avho was educa ted in the public schools and at the Collegiate Institute; he was a farmer; he married AnneBolles, adopted daughterof John and Rachel (Marsh) Bolles, of Pike township, both now deceased; they had a family of five children, two now living — Mrs. Phelps and another; she was born September 13, 1854, and has one child Walter IL, who was born May 4, 1882; He worships at the Methodist Episcopal Church, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1081 and is a Republican, but has acted with the Prohibition party about five years. WILLIAM H. PHELPS, farmer, P. O. East Smithfield, was born in Smithfield township, December 21, 1824, a son of Augustus and Abigail (Hackett) Phelps, natives of Massachusetts. Augustus Phelps Avas a son of Jared and Rowena (Fuller) Phelps, who came to this toAvn in the fall of 1811, with a large family, one of Avhom, a daughter of fifteen, died in the early winter, and was the first to be buried in this part of what was then a dense wilderness. A little church was soon built near the lonely grave, which decided the location of the village. The rest of the family all settled in this vicinity. Jared Phelps enlisted, and served during the Revolutionary War. William H. Phelps is the third in a family of eleven children, and still resides on the homestead settled by his grandfather, Jared Phelps. He was married, March 11, 1866, to Mary D., daughter of Don M. and Elizabeth (Harrison) Bacon, and was born April 8, 1829. Mr. and Mrs. Phelps had one child, who died at the age of two years. In politics, Mr. Phelps is a Republican, in religion, a Congregationalist, and has been a deacon in the church for many years. H. F. PHILLIPS, of the Red Front Shoe Store, Athens, is a native of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., having been born December 13, 1863, and is the fifth in the family of thirteen children of William and Ellen (Court- right) Phillips, natives of Luzerne county, Pa. His father, avIio was a canal-boat builder, died in Wilkes-Barre, January 2, 1884, in his sixty- third year. Mr. Phillips' mother died June 26, 1891, aged sixty-two years. He has been in the shoe business since he Avas eleven years old. At the age of seventeen, he was manager of a shoe store in Wilkes- Barre, continuing in that position for some time. Leaving there, he went to Scranton for about two years, Avhere he had charge of a shoe jobbing house for F. E. Nettelton, one of the largest in the city of Scranton. Coming again to his native town, he embarked in business for himself, forming a partnership with Morgan Weller, under the name of Phillips & Weller, Albany Red Front Boot and Shoe Store. Mr. Phillips is the originator of the celebrated three-dollar Anchor Kip and Calf Boots. He is a genial, whole-souled, active, energetic business man. In the spring of 1890, he opened a shoe store in Athens, Pa., where he carries the largest and best line of shoes in the city. He was married, September 5, 1888, to Ada, eldest in a family of nine children of Leonard Roll, and born in Beach Haven, Pa., October 17, 1866. By this union there are two children : Charles and Ruth. Mr. Phillips is a member of the I. O. O. F., Wyoming Lodge, No. 39, also of Otalessa Camp, No. 39, and is a member of The Royal Society of Good Fellows, and K. of G. E. He is one of the prime movers in starting a Y. M. C. A. in his town. ISRAEL PHILLIPS, farmer, Smithfield township, P. O. Hoblet, was born in Broome county, N. Y., July 15, 1822, and is a son of James and Anna (Lockwood) Phillips, natives of New York, of Welch descent, and who came to this county fifty-six years ago, settling in Burlington, then a dense wilderness. William Phillips, great-grand- lather of Israel Phillips, was one of the party that boarded the vessels 1082 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ¦ in Boston harbor, and threw the tea overboard; afterward he took part in the battle of Bunker Hill. It is said of him that he was never known to eat or drink anything imported from England. James Phillips, father of our subject, was drafted in the War of 1812. He belonged to a rifle company, which was drafted just before the battle of Lake Champlain, and they arrived at the scene of the fight the morning after ; he received his land warrants for his services some time after Israel was grown to manhood. Israel, the fifth in a family of twelve children, was reared on his fathers farm, and when a young man his family came to Smithfield township, settling near where he now resides. He Avas married June 13, 1847, to Helen, daughterof James G. Harkness, and born July 6, 1830 ; she was born in Spring field township, and lived there until her marriage, a few weeks after which she and her husband moved into Smithfield, on a farm they now own, located about three miles from where they now live. Her pater nal grandfather was one of the pioneers of Springfield township. Mr. and Mrs. Phillips have had born to them eleven children, nine of whom are living, as follows : Walter, born July 30, 1849 ; Jessie, born Julv 8, 1856 ; James H., born December 14, 1858 ; Stephen, born June 8, i861 ; Frank, born January 17, 1863 ; Ida, born April 17, 1865 ; Dorcas, born January 19, 1868; Cora, born January 5, 1872; Reuben, born November 4, 1873. Mr. Phillips has by great perseverance and frugality accumulated a fine property, and noAv owns two farms of about three hundred and twenty-five acres, most of which is under a good state of cultivation. On one of his farms is one of the finest maple groves in the county, where each year he is able to manufacture a large quantity of maple sugar. He is a Republican in politics, taking an active interest in the affairs of his community, and has been school director many years. JOHN M. PIATT, farmer, Monroe township, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born in Lansing, N. Y., January 9, 1824, and is a son of Christopher P. and Rebecca (Morris) Piatt. Two Piatt brothers came from France with LaFayette to fight for American independence ; one started to return to his native country, and was never after heard of, and the other is the ancestor of all the American Piatts. In Christopher Piatt's family there Avere eleven children, of whom John M., the subject of this sketch, is the second ; he came to Towanda in November, 1842, and next summer went to Monroe ; was West two years, in Wvsox from 1849 to 1852, in Franklin from 1858 to 1860, and with these ex ceptions has always lived in the place where he now'resides. He was married, November 2, 1848, to Miss Hannah,- daughter of John and Nancy (Schaffer) Miggos, and they have three children : Amanda E., born September 15, 1849, married to George B. Laporte, of Frenchtown ; Mary Ann, born June 26, 1851, married to J. C. Reynolds, of Susque hanna, and died August 10, 1886, leaving two children ; and Lottie E.. born June 2, 1853, married to Daniel T. Benjamin, carpenter and joiner, at Athens, they have four children : Gertrude E., Clarence J., Arthur G. and Harrison Morton. Mr. Piatt is a member of the I. O. O. F. Lodge, at Monroe, and is a Prohibitionist in politics. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1083 WILLIAM R. PICKERING, farmer and salesman, Orwell town ship, P. O. Aliis HoIIoav, was born in Susquehanna county, Pa., January 7, 1830, a son of Thomas and Elizabeth Ann (Margerson) Pick ering. His parents were born in Hull, England, where they Avere mar ried, and had one child, John, before they came to this county. Seven children were born in America, viz.: Jacob, born in Philadelphia; Eliz abeth, married to Brunson Roberts, and is now deceased ; May, died aged sixteen ; George, deceased ; Ralph, deceased ; William R. and Thomas. The mother died in March, 1834, and the father then mar ried Julia Westbrook, and by this marriage became the father of two children : William and Lucy, the latter of whom married Hollis Parks. Mr. Thomas Parks Avas a mason, and plied his trade in this and Sus quehanna counties until his death. William remained at home until about fourteen, then Avent to Marcus Eastabrooks', and made his home with him until the latter's death, since which time he has been con ducting the estate left by Mr. Eastabrooks to his daughters. Our sub ject received his education in the common schools, and assisted in clear ing over one hundred acres of wilderness, and has followed driving oxen until he is the best driver in the county. He and Mr. Easta brooks' eldest daughter followed clearing and log-rolling during nearly the entire time of their youth. On December 31, 1868, he bought forty-seven acres of land of W. P. Payson, to Avhich he has added from time to time, until he now owns oATer two hundred acres of fine land, a large portion of which he has cleared. Mr. Pickering is an extensive farmer, and has his farms well stocked with fine blooded cattle; they have seventeen cows of the Devonshire breed and pure breed, and that they are good dairy cows the annual output of butter amply testifies. The barn was built in 1870, and additions have since been added; it is now 96x44. The house was built in 1876, and there is not a better or more commodious residence in the county. It is 107x20x25, two stories, and contains eighteen rooms. Mr. Pickering devoted his attention entirely to farming until 1887, when he accepted a position as salesman for the American Road Machine Company, and he has been with them during the summer since. He has been emi nently successful, starting in life with nothing, and has accumulated an ample fortune through his OAvn untiring industry. The family are members of no church, but contribute largely to the support of all. Mr. Pickering is a stanch Republican, and has held the office of judge of elections, and for the past nine years had filled the office of town commissioner. E. CORODON PIERCE, farmer, of West Burlington township, P. O. West Burlington, was born September 5, 1851, in Smithfield township, this county, a son of William H. and Olive (Parsons) Pierce, the former of whom was of English origin, and the latter of Scotch, a natiA^e of Columbia, this county. The father removed to Springfield when a young man, was a carpenter and builder by trade, also a farmer; the mother's grandfather was one of the first settlers on Sugar creek, in Troy township. The subject of these lines, who is one of the family of nine children — three daughters and six sons — was reared on the farm and educated in the schools of the town; carried on agriculture, and by 1084 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. practicing the strictest economy, and Avith great perseverance, accu mulated a fine property, being now the owner of a good farm of 130 acres, under an excellent state of cultivation; has a dairy, and follows sheep raising and general farming. He was married October 28, 1884, to Orris Claflin, of East Troy, born January 16, 1863, a daughter of Abner and Mahala (Cummings) Claflin; her mother's family Avere among the early settlers of ToAvanda township, and were agricul turists. Mr. and Mrs. Pierce haATe two children: Fred and Martin. He is Independent in politics, but his sympathies are with the Pro hibition cause; he is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry. F. H. PIERCE, shoemaker, LeRaysville, was born in LeRaysville, this county, October 13, 1859, a son of Levvis B. and Elizabeth H. (Black) Pierce (natives of Pike township ; the former of New England origin, and latter of English), and grandson of Benjamin and Mehitable (Brink) Pierce, the former of whom was born in Kingston, Pa., March 11, 1796, and came to Bradford county, in 1802, being apprenticed until twenty-one years old to Dinnon Bostwick, a blacksmith, of Wyalusing creek ; he volunteered in the War of 1812, and had reached Carlisle, Pa., when the Avar ended. Coming to LeRaysville in 1810, he took up land Avhere he afterward lived and reared a family of four children, of whom Lewis B., the youngest in order of birth, Avas married January 18, 1855, and for four years was engaged in general mercantile business in LeRaysville, and afterward in farming, two years; he was inspector of the training militia, and in 1861 joined, as lieutenant- colonel, the One Hundred and Thirteenth, Twelfth P. V. Cavalry, known as the " Curtin Hussars," organizing his own regiment twelve hundred strong. Upon the resignation of Col. Frieschmuth he Avas made colonel, at Harrisburg ; spent four weeks at home during the war on account of a wound; was suspended four months on account of a charge preferred against him by a Harrisburg gambler, stood his trial and was honorably re-instated, and made brevet-brigadier in the spring of 1865. In November, 1865, he removed his family to Baltimore, where he engaged in the insurance business with the Phoenix Mutual Life Insurance Company, of Hartford, Conn., in which he remained until his death, which occurred October 30, 1876. He Avas a graduated physician, but never practiced medicine. In his family there were three children: Martin W., in the Postoffice Department, Washington ; F. H„ and Mary H., who died at the age of two years. Our subject was educated in Baltimore High School, and began work,when nineteen, in Johnson's mill, in LeRaysville, where he remained two and one-half years, then engaged with Jesse P. Carl in his present business, the firm being know as Carl & Pierce, manufacturers of all kinds of men's foot Avear, doing a Avholesale and retail business. Mr. Pierce was married January 3, 1883, to Cora B., daughter of George N. and Alice (Chaffee) Johnson, and they have three children : Alice E., born October 28, 1884; Marian Ellen, born June 9, 1887, and Lewis B., born December 28, 1890. Mr. Pierce is a member of the Masonic Lodge at LeRaysville, and has held all the offices in the Blue Lodge. He is a Republican, and has been school director six years. In his younger days he Avas an accomplished athlete, excelling as a skater and oarsman ; has also HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1085 figured with success on the base-ball diamond, is noAv leader of the LeRaysville brass band, and is master of the cornet. ISRAEL A. PIERCE. The progress as well as development, of any section is largely determined by the number of enterprising, intelligent and progressive citizens who make their home within its boundaries, and such a one is the subject of this brief memoir. Mr. Pierce was born in Rehoboth, Mass., October 3, 1820, a son of Israel and Polly (Walker) Pierce. His paternal grandfather, Israel Pierce, who was born in Rehoboth in 1760, came with his wife, Hannah, to Columbia township, this county, in 1830, and here they passed the remainder of their lives, he dying in 1838 and she in 1839. He served under Gen. Sullivan, in Rhode Island, during the Revolutionary War. Their son Israel (father of subject), also a native of Rehoboth, was born in 1787, settled in Columbia township, in 1831, and engaged in agricultural pursuits. He died in Troy, this county, in 1862; he Avas a soldier in the War of 1812. To Israel and Polly (Walker) Pierce were born four children, tAA'o of whom -grew to maturity, Walker and Israel A., of whom the first named Avas born in 1809, and for many years was^i carpenter and builder in Columbia and Troy townships, this county, but later in life followed farming; he died in October, 18.88, aged seventy-nine years. Israel Allen Pierce, whose name opens this sketch, was educated in the public schools of Providence and Warren, R. I., and in the common schools of Bradford, in which county he was reared from twelve years of age. He learned the carpenter's trade Avith his brother, Walker, and worked at same until 1851, from which year until 1871 he Avas engaged in the furniture and undertaking business in Troy. Soon afterward he embarked in the hardware trade, later adding a stock of crockery, and carried on business until he was burned out, in 1884. Having a large clientage in the settlement of estates, Mr. Pierce has, since the date just mentioned, given his attention thereto, as well as to the manage ment of his own affairs. On August 17, 1848, he was married to Harriet G., daughter of Charles and Anne (Parmeter) Burgess, a de scendant of an old New England family, of Pilgrim and Puritan stock; the issue of this union was two children: J.Franklin and Frederick Charles (latter deceased). J. Franklin Avas born May 24, 1853, and April 26, 1883, was married to Margaret, daughter of James Shannon, of Troy, this county, and by this union there is one son, Frederick Allen. Mrs. Israel A. Pierce died February 12, 1891, aged sixty-five years. Mr. Pierce is a Democrat in politics, and in 1851 he Avas elected a justice of the peace of Troy, which office he held for fifteen years continuously. He is an attendant of the Episcopal Church, and is one of the best known and most highly esteemed citizens of Troy. NOBLE WILLIS PIERCE, retired farmer, Pike township, P. O. LeRaysville, was born in Susquehanna county, Pa., September 3, 1818. His father, Catlin Pierce, was born in New York, March 11, 1797, the son of Joseph Pierce, also a native of New York, who died in 1804, leaving five children: Betsey (wife of Ira Brister), Benjamin, Catlin, Sally (wife of Alby BosAvorth) and Jane (whose first husband was B. B. Lewis, and her second, M. Blakesley). Catlin Pierce was educated 1086 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in this State, his family having moved here in 1804, was a successful farmer, and died January 5, 1861; he was married, January 8, 1817, to Eunice Canfield, daughter of AndreAv and Eunice (Fairchild) Canfield (she Avas the sixth in a family of ten children) ; of this marriage there were ten children : Noble Willis, Commodore Perry, Sarah A. (wife of E. T. Billings), Alvira (wife of Harris Beecher), Emaline (wife of O. R. Coggswell), Betsey (wife of William Jones), Joseph, Temper ance E. (wife of R. Brister), William and Andrew C. Mrs. Catlin Pierce died October- 2, 1872. N. Willis Pierce, the subject of this sketch, was educated in the district school, and learned the trade of wheel-right, following that and farming until 1876, when he rented a house in LeRaysville borough, and kept boarders three years, then returned to the farm until 1886 ; then kept the LeRaysville hotel one year, and purchased his present home on which he has lived. He is a Republican, and was constable and collector in 1875. Mr. Pierce was married, December 22, 1841, to Harriet L. Hoadley, who died in 1843, and he afterward married, December 29, 1847, Jane A. Weed, daughter of John and Sally (Goodall); she died April 12, 1857, leaving one child, James E., born July 5, 1849, and died in 1878. Mr. Pierce's third wife was Ellen W. Ford, daughter of John and Sally Merritt (she was the third of nine children, seven of whom are living) ; they have had one child, Frank G., born October 14, 1861, at Prattville, Pa. STEPHEN PIERCE (deceased) was born in Smithfield township, this county, August 29, 1813, a son of Abiram and Sarah (Satterlee) Pierce, the former a son of Phineas and Ruth (Gaines) Pierce. Phin. eas was a son of Amos and Mary (Spaulding) Pierce, Amos was a son of Thomas and Mary (Wyman) Pierce, and Thomas Avas a son of Thomas, who Avas a son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Cole) Pierce- Thomas, the son of Thomas and Elizabeth Pierce, in 1633-34 came from England, and settled in Charleston, Mass. Phineas Pierce, the grandfather of our subject, with his family, settled in Springfield town ship, this county, in 1800, removing from Poultney, Vt., and died in 1808. He was twice married; by his first wife, Ruth Gaines, he had eleven children, and by his second Avife, Ruth Beebe, he had three children. Abiram, the father of our subject, who was the eighth child and third son by his first wife, Avas born May 20, 1786, and cleared and improved a farm in Smithfield township, which he paid for twice, owing to the Connecticut title, and died there, October 17, 1860. On January 8, 1809, he married Sarah, daughter of James Sat terlee who was a colonel in the Revolutionary War, and who settled in Smithfield township in 1799. The issue of this union was seven children : Christopher E., William S., Stephen, Mary (Mrs. John Spaulding), Jane L. (Mrs. John J. Johnson), Amos and Emma (Mrs. Horace Pomeroy). Our subject was reared in Bradford county, edu cated in the common schools, Clinton Liberal Institute, and a law school. He was admitted to the bar in 1837, and had an office in Troy from that time until 1860, when he removed to Wellsboro, Pa., where he was in active practice of his profession until 1867; he died February 12, 1868, at the residence of his daughter, Mrs. G. F. Red ington, now Mrs. Robert Ayres, of Troy. Mr. Pierce married, August HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1087 23, 1838, Mary daughter of John and Rhoda (Pierce) Ransom, of Poultney, Vt.," and by her had four children: Emma J., Rollin A., Clarence W. and John R.; the sons all died of consumption. Mr. Pierce was possessed of rare natural talent, he was noted for his logical and legal ability, and his Avord was as good as his bond. He died honored and respected by all who knew him. He was a prominent Mason and Odd FelloAv; in religious faith he was a Univer salist, in politics a Democrat, and in 1840-41 was a member of the Lower House of the Pennsylvania Legislature. His only daughter and only surviving child, a resident of Troy, is the wife of Capt. Rob ert Ayres, a native of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., who from 1855 to 1871 Avas in the United States Regular Army. He served through the Civil War, and rose from a non-commissioned officer of United States Engi neers to the rank of captain of infantry, and was honoraby mustered out of the service, January 2, 1871. THEODORE PIERCE, postmaster, Canton, is a native of Broome county, N. Y., born October 9, 1839. His parents were Hamilton and Eleanor (Codington) Pierce, natives of Vermont, the former of whom Avas a farmer and died in Broome county, N. Y., in 1858, in his fifty- third year ; the latter died in 1852, in her forty-fourth year. Theodore Pierce is the fourth in order of birth in a family of five sons and three daughters, of whom six are now living. He Avas reared in Broome county, and received an academic education; taught one term of school in Lehigh county, Pa., and then clerked in a store some time in Whitehaven, same State. In 1864 he joined the Government Construc tion Corps, and was discharged in June, 1865. Returning to Broome county he farmed a short time, and was postmaster at Centre village, Broome county, two years ; he was also elected a justice of the peace, but in 1869 he resigned his office, and came to Canton, where, he engaged in the hardware business, which he has since followed. He was married in Broome county, N. Y., in 1867, to Malinda Light, who died in 1870. Mr. Pierce was appointed postmaster, and took charge of the office March 10, 1890 ; he served one term as burgess of Canton borough ; is a member of the F. &. A. M., Canton Lodge, No. 415, and served as master in 1880; Troy Chapter, No. 261, and Canton Commandery, No. 64. He has been treasurer of Canton Lodge several years, and is also treasurer of Canton Commandery. Politically he is a Republican. FRANK PIKE, of Wilcox, Pike & Co., proprietors of meat-market, Sayre, is a native of Owego, N. Y., and is a son of Horace and Lavan- tia (Norton) Pike, natives of Massachusetts. The father was a farmer and died in 1868, in his sixty-fourth year, while his wife died in Owego, in 1870, in her sixty-fourth year. Our subject is the tenth, in order of birth, in a family of twelve children, and was reared in Owego until he was seven years old, when he was taken to Long Island, where he remained until he Avas sixteen years of age. He then returned to Owego, and served an apprenticeship at the brick-mason's trade, which he followed about six years, and then clerked for the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company about five years, when he found employment in his present occupation in Waverly, N. Y., in September, 1887- On Janu- 1088 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ary 15, 1891, a new shop was started in Sayre, of which he has charge. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., Manoka Lodge, No. 219, and the Order of Red Men ; in politics he casts his vote with the Republicans. HON. VICTOR E. PIOLLET was born in Wysox, this county, June 24, 1812, and died August 27, 1890, seventy-eight years, three months and three days intervening between the birth and death of one of the most remarkable men ever given to Bradford county. A son of Joseph M. Piollet, of France, a soldier under Napoleon, A\Tho was severely wounded at Austerlitz, by which he Avas so disabled that he Avas made postmaster of the Army of the Alps, and retiring from the army he entered the banking house of the celebrated financier, Talley rand, of Paris. On the banker's recommendation he was appointed, by Count LeRay du Chaumont, his agent for the sale of his lands in northern Pennsylvania, and accordingly he came to Philadelphia in 1806, stopping there one year to learn the English language. He came direct to Wysox, Avhere he married Elizabeth Whitney, a native of Massachusetts, a lady of rare accomplishments and intelligence. Their children were : Victor E., Frances Theressa, Emily Victorine, Joseph E. and Elizabeth Josephine. The great Carlyle has described the French as " a volcanic people ;" and Avhile we all know them as fiery and impulsive, philosophers Avho laugh, yet the meaning of Carlyle's words are not so readily comprehended in their full by one who has been careless of French history. Victor E. Piollet combined the remarkable qualities of the volcanic French and the stern and rigid Puritan, blended and so mixed up in him Avere these forces that all nature might stand up and say : " Here was a man." And over his grave the fitting words spoken by Rev. Thomas K. Beecher when he said: "Col. Piollet was a 'character;' whatever may have been his faults, follies, virtues and deservings, they were patent. They were his. No one ever called him lukewarm. His words were not whispers. He was a downright man, and all who knew him knew where to find him. * * We may recall Avith admiration his strength, his industry, his persistence, his constancy, his earnest prosperity, his pronounced character, his hospitality and his large acquaintance. Yes, we may note the great gap (as when a tree falls, and did not knoAv before its spread and bigness) left by his fall." Victor E. Piollett had precious little of book education ; he needed it not. He Avas his own school- master, and therefore he had a great teacher, and his rise was as the resistless up-lift of the mountain, either guiding or creating circumstances. A farmer, born and dying on the same acre, he was the greatest champion of the farmers — the whole people — that the State has produced. Philosophic in expression, fear less in thought and deed, he despised all cant, and the arts of the dema gogue and trimmer he spat upon. His business life, extending over a period of more than half a century, Avas characterized by that energy and rare ability that are giA^en to but few men. Nature had richly endowed him with her choicest gifts ; when but twenty-five years of age, in 1837, he and his brother Avere the contractors for the work on a section of the North Branch Canal, then under construction by the State. His promptness in the execution of the work secured him the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1089 favor of the State officials, and being active and influential in the coun" oils of the Democratic party, in the northern portion of the State, upon the election of Governor David R. Porter, in 1839, he was appointed superintendent of the North Branch Canal, then owned by and operated under the control of the State Government ; subsequently he was elected a colonel in the State Militia. The duties of these positions -he discharged Avith unwavering fidelity and signal ability. During his incumbency of the office of superintendent of the canal, the late David Wilmot, author of the celebrated " Wilmot Proviso," was then a young attorney, just commencing practice in the courts of Bradford county. Col. Piollet Avas allowed, as superintendent, $1,000 per annum for clerk hire, and he generously gave the position to Wilmot, and performed the greater portion of the duties himself. In 1846 he was elected to the House at Harrisburg as a Democrat, and re-elected in 1847. The war between the United States and Mexico was then in progress, and while a member of the Legislature he was appointed a paymaster in the army, Avith the rank of major, by President Polk, and assigned to duty with the army of invasion under Gens. Taylor and Scott. He immediately arranged his business affairs at home, and departed to enter upon his duties in Mexico. While there he became acquainted with many of the officers in the regular army, who, later, achieved distinction in the Union and Confederate armies of the late Rebellion, which acquaintance was maintained when ever opportunity presented, during his life. Just prior to his departure for Mexico he was married to Miss Jane Miller, daughter of Hon. Jesse Miller, the then Secretary of the Commonwealth, under GoA^ernor Porter; had been previously a memberof the Twenty-fourth Congress, and a recognized leader of the Democracy in central Pennsylvania. This union Avas a fortunate one, Miss Miller inheriting many of the admirable characteristics of her gifted and distinguished father. She possessed a refined and cultivated taste, combined with those qualities of mind and heart which rendered her beloved and respected by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. The genuine and generous hos pitality of Col. Piollet and his wife Avas unlimited, and was as exten sive as his acquaintance. Mrs. Piollet died in March, 1879. The sur viving children of Col. Piollet are Emily V., an estimable and accom plished lady, noAv the wife of R. H. Eggleston, of NeAV York City, and Louis, who for some years has been the active business manager of his father's farm. In 1855-56, in company with Marcus Blair, of New Jersey, he con structed twenty miles of railroad in that State. In the same year his brother, Joseph E., built the Barclay Railroad from Towanda to the Barclay mines, a distance of sixteen miles. While at this time he Avas actively engaged in various enterprises, the political world received a share of attention. A life-long personal friend of Mr. Buchanan, in his election Col. Piollet performed the most excellent and loyal service on the stump in Pennsylvania. Mr. Buchanan, recognizing the ability of his friend, Col. Piollett, proffered him the position of private secre tary. Being then engaged in business that required his personal atten tion, he declined the place, but consented to remain a few weeks at 1090 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the National Capital, and act in the capacity that the President desired him to occupy during his administration. He once informed the author of this sketch that his duties, while he remained at the White House, consisted largely in returning the presents which had been sent the President. While the guest of Mr. Buchanan, one day, at dinner, he Avas seated opposite the British Minister, with Avhom he conversed quite freely in regard to the relation of the two countries. The dinner over, the representative of Great Britain inquired of Mr. Buchanan in regard to the profession of Col. Piollett, and was quite astonished when informed that he Avas a Pennsylvania farmer. In April, 1861, immediately after President Lincoln's proclamation, calling for 75,000 volunteers to put down the Rebellion, a meeting was called at the court-house in Towanda, to enlist volunteers to fill the quota of Pennsylvania. Col. Piollet addressed the meeting from the court-house balcony in a speech, which for eloquence and patriotism, has never been excelled in this county; his words were the strongest appeal to our citizens to stand by the emblem of our nationality, and our free institution; the integrity of the Union, and its indissolubility had no firmer or more loyal advocate and friend than Victor E. Piollett from 1861 to 1865. In 1864, in June, he represented the Thirteenth Congressional District in the Democratic National Convention, which nominated Gen. McClellan for the Presidency. In the same year he was the Democratic candidate for Congress, in the district composed of Brad ford, Sullivan, Montour, Columbia and Wyoming counties ; his oppo nent Avas the late Chief-Justice Ulysses Mercur. The district Avas Republican by a majority of one thousand. Of the vote actually cast in the district, Col. Piollet had a majority, but Avas defeated by the vote declared cast against him by the soldiers in the field. Many of his friends seriously questioned the declared result. He Avas instru mental and the active agent in the purchase of the North Branch Canal for the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, and Avhen accom plished was made superintendent of the construction, in 1866, ofthe rail road extension from Lackawanna Junction to Waverly, N. Y., the work occupying three years; the first train bearing the president of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, Hon. Asa Packer, its chief 'officials and hun dreds of citizens along the line, passed over the road September 9, 1869. Col. Piollet was the active spirit in formulating this great enterprise and bringing it to the attention of the officials of the " Lehigh Valley." In 1868 he was made the Democratic candidate for Congress, and was again confronted by his old ' opponent, Judge Mercur. Party lines were sharply drawn on the issues of the war, viz.: the reconstruc tion of the Southern States, and the impeachment of Andrew Johnson. After an active canvass he was defeated by the insignificant maj*ority of 311 in the largest vote ever cast for Congress, in the Thirteenth District. In 1874 he was elected lecturer of the State Grange, Patrons of Husbandry, and visited every county of the State. Through his efforts the number of organizations and members was greatly increased. He was subsequently honored by being elected HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1091 master and chairman of the Executive Committee. His interest in the success of the producing classes never wavered, and was untiring. His desire was to educate and elevate all engaged in agricultural pur suits. How earnest and energetic were his efforts can be attested by thousands in his native State. In 1875 he was nominated by the Democratic State Convention for State treasurer, and canvassed Pennsylvania, from Lake Erie to the Delaware, but was defeated by 4,000 in the State. In 1886 he was again the leader of the forlorn hope for Congress in a district containing 4,0o0 Republican majority. In the Presidential canvass of 1888 he, Avith Hon. Samuel J. Randall and thousands of other Democrats, refused to support President Cleveland's tariff reform platform, and opposed his election on the ground that the protection was for the best interests of the American people. Victor E. Piollet possessed the courage of his convictions, and in that canvass severed his connections with the Democratic party. He has passed from " the land of shadows," and peacefully rests in the beautiful valley of the Susquehanna, made glorious by his efforts more perhaps than by any other man, living or dead. JOSEPH- E. PIOLLET, farmer, Wysox, is a son of Hon. Joseph M. and Elizabeth (Whitney) Piollet. He was born August 30, 1819, .almost on the spot where he now resides, and of him it may be said (and what more need be said of any man) that he is a worthy son of an illustrious father. His father came to this county in 1807, and the first year Avas at Rummerfield, and then in 1808 removed to Wysox, and was for years merchandising with William Keeler. Joseph M. Piollet died in Wysox, in, 1850, aged seArenty -seven. Victor E. and Joseph M. Piollet were more than brothers ; they were inseparable com panions and partners in all the business affairs of their lives, a close communion without variableness and change, that only parted when the Grim Reaper gathered his harvest, in August, 1890, in the death of the elder brother, and when the two were thus forever separated, the next nearest thing to that continued companionship and communion was to place Victor's son, Louis, in the place of his father, and the business went on. Joseph E. Piollet and Esther A. Cox (a daughter of John Cox, of Scotch-Irish descent) were united in the holy bonds of wedlock, in Dauphin county, in 1849, and of this happy union were born four sons and one daughter, of Avhom, John C. is at home, and is manager of his father's large farm ; Heister is a locomotiA'C engineer on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and resides at Sayre. The two brothers, Victor and Joseph, engaged largely in railroad building at different times, and constructed many miles of the Lehigh Valley, almost the entire road bed of the Barclay Railroad. Joseph was president ofthe Bradford County Agricultural Society, eleven years; he was nominated on the Democratic ticket for the Legislature, but suffered defeat Avith his ticket, though running largely ahead of it. The brothers were contractors on the old canal. It is proper to state here, that while the brothers were Democrats, the younger one eschewed politics and left that almost wholly to his brother, and his one ambition Avas to be one of the best of the many famous farmprs 1092 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of old Bradford county, and he fully realized his fondest expectations in this respect. Of his brothers and sisters, other than Victor E., it is proper here to say that his sister Frances T. married Alexander Dewing (she is now a widow and a resident of Wysox); Emile V., married to Thomas T. Wierman, resides at Harrisburg ; her children are tAvo sons and three daughters (her eldest daughter married the eminent Dr. Mitchell); Elizabeth, youngest daughter of Joseph M. Piollet, married D. C. Salsbury, and died at at the age of twenty-two, leaving one child. To the outside public these two companion and partner brothers' lives ran in very different grooves, but it was not so. The one simply was indifferent to all except the vast business affairs and his quiet home ; this Avas merely responsive to his nature, the conservatism of his born characteristics, and they were best known and best, or per haps only fully, appreciated by that brother and partner. His long and useful life is gently closing, and it brings to him the cheering con solation that it has been a true life, and is rounded out with those features that will make it a study and subject of fond respect by a remote posterity. JOHN PIOLLET, farmer and stock-groAver, Wysox township, was born in Wysox, this county, April 12, 1856, and is a son of J. E. Piol let. He spent his boyhood on the farm, attending the common schools, _ and has always been engaged with his father on the farm. Mr. Piollet was married, November 1, 1882, to Miss Carrie, daughter of Eugene D. and Clara (Krafft) Morgan, of Memphis, Tenn., and this union has been blessed with three bright and beautiful children, viz.: Theresa, Clara Eugenia and John Cox. Mr. and Mrs. Piollet are members of Wysox Grange; he is a life-long and full-fledged Democrat, and a strong advocate of political reform. LOUIS PIOLLET, farmer, of Wysox toAvnship, is a descendant of one of the most illustrious families of Bradford, a people eminent for their progressive enterprise, as well as for their convictions, that command universal attention and respect. He was born May 22, 1859, and is the only son of Col. Victor E. Piollet. His sister, Emily V., first married Robert A. Packer, known throughout the country in con nection Avith the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and whose splendid residence is now the noted Robert A. Packer Hospital, Sayre ; he died when a young man, and she afterward married Richard H. Eggleston, cashier of Lincoln National Bank, New York, and of which they are residents. She is the only other surviving child of Col. Victor E. Piollett. The childhood life of young Piollet Avas surrounded Avith the unusual advantages that came of great wealth, and one of the most intelligent arid interesting families of the Commonwealth. At his mother's knee he imbibed his first lessons of life, impressed, as they were, every hour and minute of his childhood, by the stronger will and the nearly equal deep affection of a father of rare intelligence and gentle blood. When he Avas old enough, his parents provided a private tutor, both a teacher and companion, who guided his footsteps along the intricate paths of that higher and better education, including the sciences and the classics. Thus he came, in tender years, in touch with only the best influences, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1093 and the lad Avas responsive to all this parental care and solicitude that their fond hearts could bestow. His home education completed, the text books had been successfully passed, when his parents sent him to polish the whole with travel, both in this country and in Europe. His companionship in his travels was, most fortunately, part of the time Avith Robert A. Packer, with whom he visited most of the noted spots in Europe, many parts of this country, especially Florida, at Mr. Packer's cottage by the sea, and at the National Democratic Convention, St. Louis, in 1876, that nominated Gov. Samuel J. Tilden for President. Thus, by travel and by circumstances, he was throAvn in contact with many of the most noted men of the day, both in this country and in the Old World. When he returned to his old home, he began at once to relieve his father of some of the vast business cares that Avere well and bravely met, and in a short time, Avhen he had demonstrated his ability, he was more and more entrusted, until soon the declining years of his father were soothed with the glowing satisfaction that both his confidence and hope were Avell placed. Thus and then only may the young, in part, repay the solicitous love and care of fond parents. The young man soon mastered affairs, and carried along successfully the enterprises that had been so well placed on their foundations by his sire. The great farm, and its interests and many-sided concerns, Avere being moved eA'er forward by the young man. At the same time he was not allowing his literary tastes to rust or spoil, and he gave careful attention to the great economic questions of government, and, young as he was, in 1890 he camTassed the entire State in behalf of the grand old Republican party, winning laurels where often old veterans of the stump had failed to catch the public favor. The young man had hardly passed his " teens " when he stood at the head of the noted farmers of the grand old Commonwealth ; and hardly had he passed his majority before his eloquence and wisdom were sought, and not in vain, in the more important councils of his party — a party in Bradford county that can boast of its Wilmot, its Graw, and its Mercur. Thus, as intimated above, as child, youth, and young man, he Avas most fortunate in all his surroundings, happily found fallow ground in his young soul, and ready responses have come to every touch. He was married November 29, 1885, to Georgianna MoAvery, daughter of Hon. Ezekiel Mowery, of Wyoming county, of English descent. To this marriage were born three children, as fol lows: Emeline V., Victor E. and Thomas Wierman. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church; he is a Master Mason, and a member of Pomona Grange, Patrons of Husbandry, No. 23, of Sulli van and Bradford counties. WILTON L. PITCHER, blacksmith, P. O. Warren Centre, was born in Jackson Valley, Pa., March 26, 1861, a son of Joel and Eliza beth (Beeman) Pitcher, natives of this State, and of English stock. The father was a wagon-maker by trade, and was born in this county, where he now resides. His family consisted of four children, and our subject, who is the third in the order of birth, was reared and edu cated in Warren township, and was placed, Avhile quite young, in a blacksmith shop here, where he learned the trade, which he has fol- 61 1094 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. loAved with marked success, and his shop in Warren Centre is Avell known and largely patronized ; his residence is one of the elegant buildings of the place, which has many find residences. He married, in in his native township, February 15, 1882, Ella A., daughter of James and Frances (Corson) Tibbetts, natives of Rhode Island and New York, respectively, and of English extraction. Her father was a school teacher, and died December 12, 1888, aged sixty seven ; he was the son of Capt. James Tibbetts, who died July 19, 1879, aged ninety-seven years. The widow of James Tibbetts, Jr., survives, and is a resident of Owego, N. Y. To them were born two children, Seth E. (of Maine) and Ella (wife of our subject). To Mr. and Mrs. Wilton L. Pitcher have been born three children, as follows: Lee E., born June 2, 1884; Lora A., born January 17, 1886, and Walter W., born April 26, 1887. Mr. Pitcher is a member of the Sexennial League, and is a Republican. Mrs. Pitcher is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. The family count among their intimates and friends many of the best peo ple of the countv, and are highly respected. GEORGE PLANTS, farmer, Litchfield township, P. O. Litchfield, was born April 20, 1836, in Chemung county, N. Y., a son of Leonard and Hulda Plants, the former a native of Cumberland county, Pa., the latter of Orange county, N. Y.; they settled in Litchfield township on a farm of eigty-six acres. Their family consisted of ten children, eight of Avhom are living, George being the youngest. The subject of this memoir was reared in Litchfield, and educated at the common school. He served one year in the War of the Rebellion under Gen. Butler, as a member of Company E, Seventy-sixth P. V. I., and was honorably discharged. He is now a prosperous farmer, enjoying the confidence of his fellow citizens. He is a Republican in politics, and was elected to the offices of auditor, judge of elections, and justice of the peace, Avhich latter office he is at present filling. In his religious views he is a Baptist. C. BURTON POMEROY, a prominent farmer of Bradford county, P. O. Troy, was born in Troy township, this county, April 11, 1839, a son of Ebenezer and Laura (Brewster) Pomeroy, both natives of Tolland county, Conn., and is of Puritan and Pilgrim stock. His paternal grandparents were Eleazer and Priscilla (Kingsbury) Pomeroy; Eleazer was a son of Daniel and Naomi (Kibbs) Pomeroy; Daniel, a son of Noah and Elizabeth (Sterling) Pomeroy ; Noah, a son of Joseph, who was a son of Effweed Pomeroy, who came from England to America in 1630, settling in Northampton, Mass., and later, at Wind sor, Conn. Ebenezer Pomeroy settled in Troy township about 1818, and for some years carried on the carding and cloth dressing Avorks near Long's Mills. He afterward purchased the land now owned by his sons Chauncey N. and our subject, which he cleared and improved, and where he resided until his death, Avhich occurred in 1878, when he was aged seventy -three years. He was the father of ten children: Edwin S., Emily (Mrs. Volney M. Long), Kingsbury, Fayette, Augustus, Chauncey N., Sybil M. (Mrs. E. B. Parsons), Mary, Frances (Mrs. W. B. Hoff) and C. Burton. The subject of this sketch was reared on the old homestead, a part of which he now owns and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1095 occupies. He married, October 30, 1867, Sophia, daughter of Lorenzo and Jane A. (Welch) Webber, of Elmira, N. Y., by vvnom he has five children: Edwin S., John W., Adelle, Horace B. and Fayette B. Mr. Pomeroy is a leading and progressive farmer of Troy township, is a breeder of Jersey cattle, registered in the American Herd Book, of Shropshire sheep and Wood Hambletonian horses ; he is a member of the Presbyterian Church of Troy, and is a Republican in politics. SAMUEL WHITE POMEROY, of the firm of Pomeroy Bros., bankers, Troy, Avas born in Troy, this county, December 8, 1821, a son of Col. Isaac N. and Anna (Kingsbury) Pomeroy, and can trace his ancestry to the time of William the Conqueror. His father, a native of Coventry, Conn., was born March 28, 1791, and Avas a son of Eleazer and Priscilla (Kingsbury) Pomeroy. Eleazer was a son of Daniel and Naomi (Kibbs) Pomeroy ; Daniel Avas a son of Noah and Elizabeth (Sterling) Pomeroy; Noah was a son of Joseph, a son of Eltweed Pomeroy, who came from England to America in 1630, settling in Dorchester, Mass., and later in Windsor, Conn. Isaac N. Pomeroy received a good education, which laid the foundation of his future successful business career ; he spent some years in Genoa, Cayuga Co., N. Y., and in 1818 settled in Troy, Pa., and at once engaged in the manufacture of cloth, Avhich he followed successfully for ten years ; he then purchased a farm near Troy, upon which he lived ten years, when he bought the "Eagle Hotel " at Troy, which he rebuilt, and was its successful proprietor for nearly twenty years. About this time he built the residence, adjoining the bank, in company with his son Horace ; he was interested largely in village property, imparting, by means of his excellent business talents and liberality, a stimulus to Troy that Avill long be gratefully remembered ; he Avas extensively engaged for many years with staging and bridge building, being considered one of the most courteous and genial of employers. He took an active part in military affairs, and was elected colonel of a militia regiment, his affability and fine military bearing making him one of the most popular officers of the regiment. He Avas married three times : his first wife was Anna O. Kingsbury, to whom he Avas married December 8, 1813, and the issue of this union was seven children: Sybil K , Daniel F., Eleazer, Horace, Samuel W., Laura A., and Charlotte Eliza (Mrs. Charles C. Paine); his second wife was Maria A. Merrick, whom he married March 17, 1 832, and by her had two children : Newton M. and Anna M.; by his third, wife, Lucinda W. Merrick, whom he married October 9, 1839, he had three children: Solyman, Henrietta B. (Mrs. George B. Davidson) and George H. FeAv men have left the impress of their lives and characters upon the community where they resided more forcibly and indelibly than Col. Pomeroy, or have been more just in their business transactions. He died May 30, 1861, in his seventy-first year. Samuel W. Pomeroy, the subject of the sketch, was the fifth child and fourth son, was reared in his native toAvn, received an academical education, and began life as a clerk in a dry-goods store in Owego, N. Y., when twenty-one years of age. ' He embarked in the general merchandise business in Troy, Pa., as a member of the firm of 1096 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Pomeroy & Redington, and from 1844 up to 1860 as S. W. & D. F. Pomeroy & Co.; he then engaged in the banking business with his brothers, Daniel F. and Horace, under the name of Pomeroy Brothers, in which name the business has been successfully conducted to the present time ; in 1869 a branch bank was established at Bloss burg, Tioga Co., Pa., under the name of Pomeroy Bros. & Smith, which has also been conducted and successfully managed up to date; besides his banking interests, Mr. Pomeroy is also interested in farming, in Troy township, and is a stockholder in a large cattle ranch in South Dakota." Mr. Pomeroy Avas married, May 15, 1843, to A. Malvina, daughter of Edward and Olive (Bennett) DaAndson, of Tompkins county, N. Y., and has one daughter : Ellen E. (Mrs. Capt. B. B. Mitchell). Mr. Pomeroy is pre-eminently a self-made man ; he and his family are members of the Presbyterian Church ; politically he is a Republican. A. B. PORTER, postmaster, Wyalusing, Avas born in NeAvton, Fair field Co., Conn., January 10, 1834, and is a son of M. B. and Sabra (Peck) Porter. M. B. Porter, who was born in Danbury, Conn., in 1808, learned the trade of blacksmith, which he folloAved several years ; then began to preach the Gospel, belonging to the Wesleyan Methodist denomi nation; in 1844 he came to Bradford county, and after a short sojourn in Pike township, he purchased a farm in Herrick township, Avhere he resided some time; he then went to LeRaysville, and from there to Montrose, where he Avas engaged in mercantile business, and died June, 20, 1876; of a family of four children, three reached maturity, viz: Hor ace S. (deceased), Harriet M. (married to Hon. Asa Nichols, and died in LeRaysville in December, 1889), and our subject. A. B. Porter Avas born and reared on a farm, attending the common-school until seven teen, when he began teaching, which he followed about twelve years, attending the LeRaysATille Academy in the meantime; he afterward took a course in Bryant & Stratton's Commercial Academy, in Phila delphia, graduating from same, October 3, 1861. He enlisted in Com pany L, Second Pennsylvania Cavalry, in 1862, he Avas promoted to hospital steward, and veteranized December 26, 1863; he served until July 13, 1865, and Avas then mustered out Avith his-company; he partic ipated in over forty engagements, among which Avere Second Bull Run, Gettysburg, Cold Harbor, Wilderness and the campaign against Rich mond. After returning home he learned the photographer's business at Wyalusing, where he remained tAvelve years, and was traveling salesman for a book house one year. In July, 1889, he received his appointment as postmaster at Wyalusing. Mr. Porter was united in wedlock, January 5, 1870, Avith Amelia R., daughter of Henry and Martha (Taylor) Gaylord, and they have the following children: Sabra L. (born October 13, 1870), Gustavus A. (born June 22, 1872, died September 23, 1872), and EA'angeline (born August 28, 1877). The family worship at the Presbyterian Church of Wyalusing. Mr. Porter is a member of Jackson Post, No. 74, G. A. R., also of the I. O. O. F., No. 808, Wyalusing, and has passed all the chairs; he is a Republican in politics, and has held the office of justice of the peace fifteen years. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1097 CLARK B. PORTER, a prominent druggist of Towanda, was born in Cheshire, Ne\v Haven Co., Conn., January 19, 1844, and is a son of Hobart C. and Jerusha (Bronson) Porter. His paternal grandfather was Horace Porter, of Puritan stock, and a large land owner and dealer in real estate, at Waterbury, Conn., Avhere he lived and died. The maternal grandfather Avas Benjamin Bronson, also of Puritan stock, and a prominent merchant of his day, at Ne\v Haven, Conn. Hobart C. Porter was a native of Waterbury, Conn.; was edu cated at New Haven, and began his business career as a merchant, in Cheshire, Conn., and died in New Haven, in 1859; his children were Clark B. and Helen P. (Mrs. Arthur Snow, now deceased). Clark B. Porter was reared in New Haven county, Conn., until fifteen years old. In 1859 he came to Towanda, and entered the drug store of Dr. H. C. Porter, as clerk, and served an apprenticeship of seven years at the business, after which he was employed in the Treasury Depart ment at Washington, two years. In 1868 he embarked in the drug business, at Towanda, with Job P. Kirby, the partnership existing four years, under the firm name of Porter & Kirby, when he sold his interest to Mr. Kirby, and engaged in business alone, at his present location, south end of the " Ward House," Avhere he has since con ducted a successful business, and is now the pioneer druggist of the city. Mr. Porter married Lizzie L., daughter of Matthias H. and Annie (Overton) Laning, of Wysox toAvnship, this county, and has three children, viz.: Mary R., Fannie L. and Emily L. Mr. Porter is a member and vestryman of Christ Episcopal Church, and is a F. & A. M. He is president of Oak Hill Cemetery, president of the Lin-ta Hose Company, a director of the Hawes Manufacturing Company, and Electric Light Company, and is a member of the Board of Trade. He has served two terms as a member of Towanda borough council, and burgess of ToAvanda, three years. He has served two terms as chief engineer of the Fire Department, is president of the Providence Shield Insurance Company, and in politics is a Democrat. JASPER B. PORTER, general merchant, Columbia township, P. O. Sylvania, was born at Rising Sun, Cecil Co., Md., June 20, 1849, and is a son of William and Mary E. (Rathbun) Porter, of English descent. He was reared in his native" county, until thirteen years of age, when he removed to Washington, D. O, and was graduated from the public school of that city, in the English, French and German branches. On account of ill-health he traveled extensively over the American continent for several years ; and in 1883, locating in Syl vania, this county, he embarked in the drug business, at Avhich he continued two years. In 1890, he became proprietor of a general mer chandising store, the principal one of Sylvania. On October 4, 1881, he married Stella F., daughter of Harry and Mary E. (Gregory) Coan, of Bloomville, DelaAvare Co., N. Y. Mr. Porter is a member of the F. & A. M. and I. O. O. F.; he has served as burgess of Sylvania four years, and in politics is a Republican. THEODORE F. PORTER, salesman, Elmira, N. Y, was born in Granville township, this county, September 5, 1844, and is a son of Minor T. and Anna (Ayres) Porter. His paternal grandparents, Zora 1098 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and Anna (Keeler) Porter, formerly of Vermont, were pioneers of Granville township, where they cleared and improved a farm on which they lived and died. Their children were Seth K., Minor A., Major B. and Albert. Of these, Minor T., the father of Theodore F., Avas born in Troy township, in 1810; has always followed farming, and cleared and improved the farm he now owns and occupies in Granville town ship; his wife was a daughter of Abijah Ayres, who settled in Gran ville township in 1820. Their children, who grew to maturity, were Edward, Sally (Mrs. Fred Black), Roxie (Mrs. Seely Ayres), Nancy Mrs. John Grantier), and Theodore F., Avho was reared in GranA'ille toAvnship, was educated in the common schools, and. was engaged in farming there for twenty-four years, being now the owner of one of the best farms in Granville township, which was cleared and improved by his father-in-law, Dr. Bovier. Mr. Porter married, in 1866, Helen S., daughter of Dr. Solomon and Almira (Edsell) Bovier, of Granville township, and they have one daughter, Effie (Mrs. S. P. Tinklepaugh). Mr. Porter Avas in the Civil War, having enlisted, in 1864, in Company I, Fifteenth New York Engineers; participated in the battles of Fort Fisher, the Weldon raid and in other minor engagements, and was honorably discharged after eleven months' serA'ice. Mr. Porter has resided in Elmira, N. Y., since 1890. He is a Sir Knight Templar, and is a member of the G. A. R.; in politics he is a Democrat. UEL C. PORTER, retired, Troy, was born in Troy township, this county, March 16, 1829, and is a son of John and Martha (Furman) Porter. His paternal grandfather, Thomas Porter, was of English parentage, and settled in Troy toAvnship in 1814, when he purchased about one hundred and fifty acres of land on the "Drinker tract," which was cleared by himself and sons ; he taught school for many years, and was generally known as "Master Porter;" he died in 1824. He married a widow, Mrs. Wiltsie (formerly Hannah Mosher), by Avhom he had three children: John, Uel and Betsey (Mrs. Warren Will iams). The sons succeeded to the homestead, and for tAventy years or more, worked the farm in unison, then divided the property on the best of terms. John, the father of our subject, was born in Bethlehem, Albany Co., N. Y., in 1798, and died on the homestead in Troy town ship, in 1858. His wife was a daughter of William and Abey (Halleck) Furman, the former of whom was a pioneer of Columbia township, where he settled prior to 1810. The issue of this union was eleATen children, of whom nine grew to maturity : Betsey (Mrs. Howard Tay lor), Julia (Mrs. S. H. Hill), Electa (Mrs. C. T. Merry), Lyman, Uel O, George, Furman, William Burton, and Sarah (Mrs. F. P. Gates). Our subject Avas reared in Troy, township, served an apprenticeship at the harness-maker's trade, in Burlington, this county, from 1847 to 1849, and from 1856 to 1866 was engaged in farming on the old Porter home stead. At the latter date he embarked in the harness business at Troy, with B. H. Hobart, as Hobart & Porter, which they continued until 1888. In 1873 the firm built a tannery, and operated it for a period of three years, Avhen they took E. VanDine in as a partner, and car ried on the business for a period of four years longer, under the firm name of E. VanDine & Co., at which time (1880) the firm of E. VanDine HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1099 & Co. was dissolved, and Hobart and Porter retired, Mr. Porter having been in business a period of twenty-two years. He has been four times married : his second Avife Avas Sarah E., daughter of Jacob and Olive (Williams) Linderman, of Troy township; his third Avife was Laura, daughter of Ansel and Betsey (Case) Williams, of Troy town ship, by whom he has a daughter, Martha E., and his present wife, Fannie M., is a daughter of A. M. Cornell, of Columbia toAvnship. Mr. Porter is a member of the Universalist Church, the F. & A. M. and R. A. M. Politically he is a Democrat. HON. JOSEPH POWELL, Towanda. The good brethren of the Moravian Church Avere among the earliest pioneers to settle along this branch of the Susquehanna river. These people came as early as 1742, in chartered ships, under the supervision of Count Zinzerdorf and Brother Spangbrother, and every ship-load would organize church soci eties; hence they were known for a long time as " Die See Gemeinen," or " Sea Congregations." One of these ships so laden was the " Cath erine," that sailed from Holstein to London, where they were joined by seven families, of whom were Samuel Powell and wife, Martha, and Joseph PoAvell and wife, Martha, who were from Shropshire, England, on the border of Wales. The Powells first preached at New Haven. They visited Yale school, and went on foot from Greenwich to New York, Avhere they joined their ship's company, and proceeded to Phila delphia, and finally to Bethlehem, the Chief Moravian settlement. Of these two men, Joseph Powell was the great-grandfather of the gen tlemen whose name opens this sketch. At Bethlehem the great-grand mother died. He was sent by his church to Wechquadnach, Conn., and died in Sharon, Litchfield county. In 1859 the Moravians erected a suitable monument over his grave. His son, Stephen Powell, was a soldier of the Revolution, and in 1798 he removed from Dutchess county, N. Y., to Bradford county, settling in Ulster, bringing with him his young son, Joseph C. Powell, the father of Joseph Powell. Joseph C. Powell became one of the leading men of Bradford county, and was very prominent as an organizer in the political movements of that day. He was a farmer and merchant, was elected to the Legis lature and filled several county offices, such as sheriff and prothono tary, and died at Towanda, in 1854, leaving a large and eminently respectable family. His wife was Selina Phillips, whose father was a native of York and mother of Vermont. Hon. Joseph Powell was born in Towanda, this county, June 23, 1828, was reared on a farm and attended the common schools, also the academy at Athens. At the age of eighteen he became a clerk in a general store, and had learned the trade well enough, in 1852, to engage in it on his own account, soon becoming one of the leading business men of the county. He was an extensive farmer and merchant, deal ing heavily in coal and timber lands, whereby he aided greatly in developing the resources of his native county. He was one of the organizers of the coal company, of Avhich he was treasurer for many years, and he contributed to the building of a large tannery to con sume the bark from the timber manufactured in the mills. As a busi ness man he Avas broad and generous, ever alert in promoting the pub- 1100 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. lie weal, and helpful toward not only friends, but all whose claims or wants appealed to his charitable and kind nature. He Avas one of the original stockholders in the First National Bank of ToAvanda, in 1863, and in 1870 he became its president, in Avhich position he served nearly tAventy years. He was interested in establishing the Towanda Agri cultural Implement Factory, and was adirectorof the Towanda Bridge Company, besides being associated in many other important enter prises. In all these varied industries and pursuits he was eminently conservative and successful. While he Avas first in enterprise and in public spirit, when war came, although he was from cause exempt from service, yet he claimed the privilege of sending a substitute to the front, while he, at home, Avas one of the most liberal contributors to the cause, giving both time and means thereto, and his contributions to the different commissions in aid of the soldiers and their families were many and ahvays liberal. When the war was over he took issue with the Republican party on its reconstruction measures, and in 1874, almost without his knowl edge, he was made the Democratic nominee for Congress, and in the face, of a heavy adverse majority was triumphantly elected. He served his term with wisdom and fidelity, and every measure of econ omy presented found in him a hearty supporter. He Avas re-nomi nated in 1876, but being a Presidential year the opposition Avas ena bled to hold enough of their party in check to defeat him. In 1883 he Avas nominated, in the face of his earnest protest, by the Democratic State Convention, for State treasurer, and he yielded to the Avish of his friends all over the Commonwealth only when he became con vinced it was his duty. In 1885 he Avas appointed, under President Cleveland, deputy collector of the Port of Philadelphia, and served a full term in that high and responsible office. In that great city of rich Republican merchants he discharged every personal and official duty sans peur et sans reproche; and, on resigning his office, in 1889, he carried with him the unqualified respect and approbation of all. In 1890 he was named by the Democratic County Convention for sheriff, and, in the face of a Republican majority, at the preceding election, of 4,200, he was elected by the unprecedented majority of 1890 — exactly one vote for each year of the Christian era, to the date of this extraordinary political triumph ; in this particular case, not so much a political triumph as a tribute by his old neighbors and friends to his personal worth. This simple statement of his private and public record clearly indicates that no man in Bradford county ever gained a more sincere and cordial respect of all the people than has he. He had buillt up a great private fortune, and when a series of the most untoward circumstances swept away that fortune, while holding in his hands many private trusts, yet so clean, honorable and clear was his every move that his personal popularity among all men was only added to, when it had already seemed to have reached the extreme high tide. He was married, February 2, 1859, to Miss Hannah Noble, step-daughter of Hon. H. W. Tracy, a member of Congress, in 1862, and by this union there are four daughters and one son, as follows : Henrietta Page, Frances Theresa, Joseph, Hannah and Mary. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1101 PATRICK POWERS, blacksmith, P. O. East Smithfield, was born in Athens, January 29, 1850, a son of Thomas and Alice (Bollon) Powers, natives of County Waterford, Ireland, Avho came to this county when young, and settled at Athens, about forty-five years ago. Mr. Powers, who is the youngest of eight children, commenced to learn his trade at fourteen years of age, and when eighteen started in the busi ness for himself at Athens, which he has continued since. He married, November 6, 1875, Catherine, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Farr) Buck, natives of Ireland, who came to this country in early life (she was the third in a family of twelve children, and was born in Ridge bury, this county, May 28, 1854). Mr. and Mrs. Powers have had born to them two children: Thomas F., born August 6, 1876, and Isabell, born June 22, 1878. Mr. Powers has been a successful business man, and has accumulated a nice property; he is a Democrat in politics. The familv are members of the Roman Catholic Church. DAVID S. PRATT, M. D., Towanda, one of the leading and eminent physicians of Bradford county, is a native of the State, born in Susquehanna county, December 16, 1826, and is a son of Russell and OJive Towner Pratt. His paternal grandfather removed from Connecticut to Middleton in 1799, and purchased a quarter section of land, and died there. Dr. Pratt's father, who was afarmer, merchant and manufacturer, removed to Towanda in 1848, and resided there until his death. His children were nine in number, as follows: Matilda (Mrs. Lyman E. DeWolf), Leonard, Calvin, Mary (Mrs. A. J. Easterbrook), David S , Angeline (Mrs. H. A. Burbank), Julia (Mrs. Rev. Timothy Olmsted), Sophronia (Mrs. S. W. Rogers) and Joseph T. Dr. Pratt was reared in his native town, and educated in the common schools and at Susquehanna Academy. He read medicine with his brother, Dr. Leonard Pratt, now of San Jose, Cal., was graduated from the Homeopathic Medical College, Philadelphia, in 1851, and immediately located in ToAvanda, Avhere he has. since been in active practice. His youngest brother, Joseph T., who died twelve years ago, Avhen but thirty-eight years of age, had. by his own unaided exertions, attained the honorable position of judge of the court of common pleas, at Philadelphia. In 1849 Dr. Pratt married Catherine, daughter of Daniel and Mary (Allen) Abell, of Warren township, this county, and niece of A. S. Abell, of Baltimore. He has four children: Ella (Mrs. W. G. Gordon), Dr D. Leonard, Isabella (Mrs. Simon Randall), and Dr. C. Manville. The Doctor is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the F. & A. M., and in politics he is a Republican. The practice of homeopathy, at the time of his opening an office here, was somewhat new to the people, but his remarkable success is the best evidence that it did not long thereafter remain so. Profession ally, socially and financially Dr. Pratt has long been easily recognized as one of our foremost citizens, and has reared nis family eminent in all the social qualities that are the make-up of this favored community. He has passed the three-score mile-stone on life's highway, but is strong, active, and as busy, professionally, as in his younger and probably more combativei days, and Avith his extensive practice has accumulated a handsome competency. 1102 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. D. LEONARD PRATT, a well-known physician and surgeon of Towanda, was born in Towanda, this county, December 6, 1853, and is a son of Dr. David S. and Catherine (Abell) Pratt. He was reared in his native town, and received an academical education at Susque hanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda, and Waverly Academy, Waverly, N. Y., where he passed the regent's examination, which admitted him to any university in the State, when but fifteen years of age. He then studied medicine Avith his father, and graduated from Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, in March, 1875, and in 1878, graduated from the Chicago Homeopathic Medical College, Chicago, 111. Dr. Pratt began the practice of his profession in Towanda, in 1878, removed to Minnea polis, Minn., in 1886, and while there was elected presiding officer and medical examiner in the Knights of Honor of that city: was four years Medical Director of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, and also State examiner for the Knights of Pythias. He returned to Towanda in 1888, where he has since been in active practice, giving his especial attention to surgery. On May 12, 1875, the Doctor married Mary, daughter of Sherman M. and Helen (Myer) Aspinwall, of Towanda, and by her he has three children : Catherine H., Joseph G. and Sue M. The Doctor is a member of the Western Academy of Medicine, the Minnesota State Medical Society of Homeopathy, and also belongs to the K. of H. and K. of P.; in politics he is a Republican. C. MAN VILLE PRATT, M. D., Towanda, is a native of Bradford county, a son of the Avell-knoAvn Dr. D. S. Pratt, his mother being Catherine (Abell) Pratt. The ancestors of this gentleman were among the early pioneers of Bradford county, and the family are remotely of English descent. In Dr. D. S. Pratt's family were four children — two sons and two daughters. The subject of this sketch was born in Towanda, October 26, 1859, passed the rooms of the public schools and then became a student in the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, where he was graduated in 1875, and was then in attend ance at Princeton University, three years, entering sophomore year, and was graduated in 1879. He then became a medical student in the Pennsylvania University, and received the degree of M. D. in 1882, and in 1885 he was graduated in the Homeopathic School of Medicine, at Chicago, and practiced one year in his father's office, in Towanda, since Avhen he has been alone ; and, while not one of the oldest in the profession, he has a practice that is as extensive as many who have long outranked him in years in the borough. While his practice is in physic and surgery, yet it is probably in the line of sur gery that he excels, as to this branch of his profession he is earnestly devoted, and has performed some noted and difficult operations. The doctor was united in marriage, in 1885, with Louise, daughter of Ster ling Woodford, who Avas of English descent. The children born to Dr. and Mrs. Pratt are : David S., Sterling Woodford and Russell Boyd. Mrs. Pratt is a member of the Episcopal Church ; Dr. C. Man- ville Pratt is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics is a Republican. SOPHRONUS S. PRATT, farmer, Pike township, P. O. Brushville, Avas born in Prattville, Bradford Co., Pa., April 4, 1836, a son of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1103 James W. and Ruth (Canfield) Pratt, natives of Connecticut, in whose family there Avere eleven children, of whom Sophronus is the sixth. He purchased his present home of seventy-two acres in 1861, and has since given his undivided attention to farming. Mr. Pratt Avas married, January 2, 1859, to Lucy, eldest daughter of Giles N. and Emeline DeWolf, natives of Pennsylvania and of French origin. This happy union has been blessed with four children, as follows : Leslie M., born June 2, 1860, died June 23, 1863; Sylvia May, born November 27, 1862, was married, September 16, 1883, to Irad Doan (they have one child: Ella C, born November 2, 1885); Arthur V., born November 17, 1865, was married September 1, 1885, to Lottie Wyley (they have one child, George S., born November 20, 1887) and Clara V., born June 12, 1868, died October 13, 1879. Mr. and Mrs. Pratt are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in politics he is a Republican. EBEN L. PRESTON, general blacksmith, P. O. Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Troy township, this county, April 24, 1848, a son of Jabez and Elvira (Ayres) Preston. His paternal grandfather, Eben Preston, formerly of Vermont, was one of the pioneers of Troy town ship, and cleared and improved the farm uoav owned by Benjamin Webber and the Levi Preston estate; he married Lucy Baldwin, by whom he had three children : Jabez, Nancy (Mrs, Andrew Decker) and Levi, who married Susan Webber. The father of our subject was born in Troy township, always followed farming as an occupation, and died, in 1865, at the age of forty-six years. His wife was a daughter of Lorenzo and Abigail (Smith) Ayres, of Columbia township, by whom he had four children : Eben L., Lucy (Mrs. Julius Adams), Lewis and Emma (Mrs. George Ross). Eben L. was reared and educated in Troy toAvnship, and followed farming until 1885. For several winters he worked at the blacksmith's trade, and in 1886 located at Columbia Cross Roads, and embarked in the general blacksmith business, in which he has since successfully continued. In July, 1868, he married Phebe M., daughter of Myron and Phebe (Rundell) Luther, of Burlington toAvn- ship, and has four children living: Elmer, Bertie, Elsie and Lucy. He is a member of the I. O. O. F.; politically he is a Republican. L. D. PRINCE, mechanic, Rome, was born in Orwell township, this county, December 1, 1830, and is a son of M. B. and Harriet (Russell) Prince, the former a native of Massachusetts, and the latter of Orwell township, a daughter of Dan Russell, one of the early pioneers of that township. Their family consisted of ten children, three of whom died in infancy, and one was killed by a rolling log ; but four of the family survive, viz.: Polly, wife of Merritt Cole; Marthy, wife of Kirby Smith ; David, a wagon-maker, and L. D. The boyhood of our subject was spent on a farm; he attended the common schools until eighteen, acquiring a fair knowledge of the common branches. He began as a farmer on the old homestead at twenty-two ; then learned the trade of mason, and has worked at the same in connection with farming until the present time. He was united in wedlock, October 21, 1855, with Elizabeth, daughter of Martin and Polly (McGill) Moore ; she was born in Towanda township, December 8, 1828, the eldest in a family of ten children. Mr. and Mrs. Prince have bad four 1104 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. children, as follows: Polly, born September 13, 1856, married to L. D. Strope; J. M. Prince, born in Rome township, August 12, 1858, educated at Rome Academy, Collegiate Institute, of Towanda, and was graduated Doctor of Medicine and Bachelor of Science at National Normal University of Lebanon, Ohio, 1890, and is now a student at a Polyclinic school at Cincinnati. He taught several years in the common and graded schools of this county, and though using the pro fession as a stepping stone to something better, and to wider fields for his future career, has made a marked success of teaching ; Levi L., musician, born April 7, 1870, educated in the common schools, Rome Academy, Monroeton High School, and the National University of Lebanon, Ohio ; Lizzie, born September 4, 1867, educated at Rome Academy, and has adopted teaching as her profession. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. L. D. Prince fills the position of trustee, treasurer and superintendent of the Sabbath- school ; he is a Republican, and has filled the office of assessor many years ; is now serving his second term as burgess of Rome borough. Mr. Prince has passed his life so far in Rome township, and has always commanded the esteem and respect of all his neighbors. MILES PRINCE, farmer, of Warren township, P. O. Cadis, a native of Windham township, was born January 1, 1822, a son of Joseph and Lucinda (Bates) Prince, natives of New Hampshire and Connecti cut, respectively, who were married in this State, and were farmers. The father was a son of Abell Prince, who was a son of Lieut. Joseph Prince, of King George's army, and fought the Indians of New Hampshire, in early days. Abell Prince died in 1832; he had reared a family of ten children, of whom Joseph, who was the fifth, came to Bradford county in 1810, Avith his brother Abell, and improved the farm where his son Miles now resides. He was an early pioneer, strong and vigorous, and planted a seedling orchard, one of the first in the township; he died April 16, 1844, while his AvidoAv survived until November 12, 1852. They had four children, as follows : Miles, Myron, Joel (died March 24, 1859, aged twenty-five), Lucinda A. (Mrs. Edwin Williams), died September 22, 1871, leaving two children, Alice and James. Miles, the eldest, was reared and educated at his home in Wind ham and Warren townships, and when a young man taught several terms of school in the Avinter, and farmed in the summer; he has been one of our most successful farmers, and owns 150 acres, with ample build ings, and in an excellent state of cultivation. He lias his farm well stocked, and his accumulated capitalis loaned out. February 20, 1847, in Warren township, he married Charlotte, daughter of Manson and Elmira (Mackey) Elsbree, natiA^es of Albany county, N. Y., who came to this county in 1830, and had three children, of whom Mrs. Prince Avas second. Mr. and Mrs. Prince have four children as follows : Joseph M., a resident of West Warren; Emmogene (Mrs. Warren Elsworth), of Albany, N. Y., who has one child, Webster H.; Laura E. (Mrs. Emerson Taylor), of Nichols, N. Y., and James W., married to Grace E. Berk, of South Creek township, and has a son, Miles G. Mr. Prince is a member of G. T. and the I. O. O. F. and is a Free mason of Westbrook Lodge, No. 333, a master of the third degree; HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1105 has filled the office of justice of the peace three terms, school director, etc., and is a Republican. JAMES T. PRITCHARD, foreman in the Lehigh Valley Railroad boiler shops, Sayre, is a native of Schenectady, N. Y, born September 22, 1857, and is a son of Richard and Annie (Tyler) Pritchard, the former a native of Middlesex, England, and the latter of Aberdeen, Scotland. The father is a boiler-maker and resides in Scranton. James T. is the second in a family of nine children, of whom four are living. At the age of ten he went to work in the boiler shop, in Jersey City, and then moved to Scranton, and served an apprenticeship with the Dickson Manufacturing Company, Avhere he remained about seven teen years; thence went to Rome, N. Y., Avhere he worked at his trade until the fall of 1886, when he came to Sayre, and in April, 1890, he Avas promoted to the position of foreman of the boiler shops. Mr. Pritchard was married in Scranton, in 1875, to Miss Mary, daughter of Harry and Mary Rodgers, natives of Pennsylvania; she is the third in the order of birth in a family of nine children, and was born in Scran ton, in 1856. To Mr. and Mrs. Pritchard were born eight children, of Avhom seven are living, as follows: James D., Ellen J., Jessie L., Mildred E., Alfred L., Ernest E. and Eugene E., the two latter being twins. The family Avorship at the Episcopal Church ; in politics Mr. Pritchard is a Republican. J. SCOTT PULTZ, conductor on the L. V. R. R., Sayre, is a native of Burlington, this county, a son of Henry and Adeline (Wheeler) Pultz, the former a native of Owego, and the latter of Schoharie county, N. Y. Henry Pultz is a farmer, residing in Bur lington, this county, and is now in his seventy-fifth year. The mother is in her seventy-sixth year. The subject of this biographical memoir is the youngest in a family of four children, of whom two are now living, himself and a sister, Dorleaki, wife of Philander Long, residing in Wellsboro, Pa. J. Scott Pultz Avas reared in Burlington, and received his education in the public schools ; then Avorked at the carpenter's trade, building wooden bridges, until 1877, when he Avent to work on the Northern Central Railroad, but only remained there a short time, when he Avent to work on the L. V. R. R. as brakeman : Avas promoted to conductor on that line June, 1880, and has held that position since. He is a member of the Order of Red Men, the Order of Railway Conductors, Southern Tier Division, No. 10 ; Iron Hall and Conductors' Aid Association. Politically, he is a Republican. LUMAN PUTNAM, retired, Granville Centre, was born in Great Barrington, Mass., September 22, 1801, and is a son of John and Lendy (Andrus) Putnam, who settled in Granville township, this county, in 1817, locating on the farm noAv occupied by subject, Avhere they started a clearing, and died. The father was a soldier of the Revolutionary War, serving nearly four years; he was tAvice married, his first wife being Fiche VanDeusen, by whom he had tAvo children : Katie, and Lucretia (Mrs. Joseph Bush); by his second wife, Lendy (Andrus), he had children, as follows: Luman, Henry, Fiche (Mrs. Stephen Landon), Isaac, Lydia (Mrs. Heman Bruce), Sally (Mrs. Luther F. Clark), Jane (Mrs. VanRensalear Champney). Mr. Putnam died in 1844 at the 1106 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. age of seventy-six years. The subject of this memoir was reared in his native town, until nearly sixteen years of age, when he removed Avith his parents to Granville, and, with the exception of three and one-half years he lived in Wayne county, N. Y.; has since resided there, occupying the old homestead, most of which he cleared and improved. He married twice : his first wife was Jerusha, daughter of Scoville and Jerusha (Hale) Bailey, of Granville township, and by her he had children, as follows : Lurenda (Mrs. Benjamin S. Smiley), Amanda (Mrs. Dr. Charles Drake), Lucretia, Selenda (Mrs. Valentine Saxton), Eliza (Mrs. A. S. Rockwell), Luman, Jr., and Harvey. Mr. Putnam is a member of the Church of Christ ; he was justice of the peace of Granville eighteen years, eight years by appointment of the Governor, and ten years by election of the people ; was county auditor and commissioner, each one term, and also revenue commissioner of the district of Bradford, Susquehanna and Sullivan counties ; was delegate to the State Convention, at Harrisburg, in 1854, that nominated Will iam Bigler for governor. Since 1856 he has been a Republican. PHILANDER PUTNAM, farmer, Granville Centre, was born in Granville township, January 5, 1831, and is a son of Harry and Mary Saxton) Putnam; his paternal grandfather, John Putnam, formerly of Massachusetts, settled in Granville township in 1817, cleared and improved a farm and died there ; his maternal grandfather, Benjamin Saxton, settled in Granville in 1807. Harry Putnam, father of the subject of this sketch, cleared and improved a farm in Granville, on which he lived and died; his children were: Erastus, Philander, John, Jane, Benjamin and Lura (Mrs. Aaron Waldron). Philander Putnam Avas reared in Granville, began life as a farmer, Avhich he has always followed, clearing and improving most of the farm where he now resides. In October, 1852, he married Mary, daughter of Ambrose Spencer, of Granville township, and has six children, as follows : Edward, Leslie F., Merton A., Scott W., Rosalia (Mrs. Irvin Caster- line) and Milan H. Mr. Putnam was in the Civil War, enlisting in October, 1862, in Company D, Third Pennsylvania Artillery, and was honorably discharged, after six months' service, on account of disability. He is an attendant and supporter of the Christian Church ; is a mem ber of the G. A. R., and in politics is a Republican. EDWARD W. PUTNAM, superintendent of the County Poor House, and farmer, P. O. Burlington, was born in Granville, this county, February 10, 1854, a son of Philander and Mary (Spencer) Putnam, natives of this county, and probably direct descendants of Gen. Israel Putnam, of Revolutionary fame. Philander Putnam, who is a farmer in Granville township, was in the War of the Rebellion, three years, and participated in many of the hard-fought battles. Edward W. Putnam was reared on the farm, and educated in the schools of his native town, followed farming until the time of his ap pointment as the superintendent of the County Farm, in January, . 1887, which farm comprises 267 aeres of fine land, the buildings being probably the finest of any similar ones in the State. Mr. Putnam was married, September 29, 1885, to Amanda Herda, of Burlington, born February 14, 1861, a daughter of Frederick and Sophia (Herbst) HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1107 Herda, the former a native of Germany, and the latter of Detroit, Mich. Mr. and Mrs. Putnam have had one son, named Walter, born January 8, 1887. Mr. Putnam is a Republican in politics, takes an active interest in the affairs of the party, and has become deservedly popular in the responsible position he now occupies. MRS. ELIZABETH QUICK, Wilmot township, was born May 5, 1842, and is a daughter of George and Margaret (Frutchey) Kintner, natives of Pennsylvania and of German lineage. She was married Jnly 4, 1865, to Thomas, son of Paul and Mary (Miller) Quick, of Wilmot, and who died April 19, 1881. They had five children : Eva, born October 1, 1866, died October 31, 1889 ; Bertha A., born Septem ber 29, 1868 ; Cora E., born May 13, 1871 ; Pauline, born March 18, 1873, and Thomas M., born May 28, 1880. Mr. Quick enlisted August 7, 1862, in Company A, One Hundred and Forty first P. V. I., and served his country's cause until May 16, 1865, when he was mustered out Avith his regiment. Mrs. Quick ¦ is a member of the Presbyterian Church. W. CLINTON QUICK, farmer, Wilmot township, was born in Wilmot, this county, January 2, 1841, and is a son of George and Jane (Howey) Quick, the former a native of Pennsylvania and the latter of New Jersey, both being of Holland origin. He began life for himself at the age of sixteen, working at farm labor, and enlisted at Laceyville, October 2, 1861, in Company B, Eighty-fourth P. V. I., and was in the following engagements : Bath, Hancock, Winchester, Front Royal, Port Republic, Rappahannock Station, Slaughter Mountain, Thorough fare Gap, Bull Run, Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, where he received a gunshot-wound in the right forearm, and was also struck in the side by a spent minie-ball, seriously injuring his lungs ; he was taken prisoner, but was paroled in fourteen clays, when he was taken to the Little Potomac Creek field hospital, and later to West Philadelphia Hospital and was discharged, for physical disabilities caused by wounds and exposure, on July 30, 1863. He then returned to Wilmot township, and in 1884 purchased his present home. Mr. Quick was married, Nov. 4, 1867, to Miss Eliza, daughter of Daniel Crandell, of Wilmot, and they have four children: Minnie E., born August 30, 1868; Alice L., born November 8, 1871; Stanley A., born March 17, 1875 ; Florence N., born March 15, 1878. Mr. Quick's loyalty to the Union cause on the field of battle is paralleled only by his fidelity to the Democratic party. PROF. EDWIN E. QUINLAN, A. M., principal of the Susque hanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda. The biographer notes, ahvays with peculiar pleasure, the rise and progress in life of the feAv men who are classed as " self-made." There is something fascinating in the idea of the youth, rough and rugged, starting out in the world, conscious only of his high resolution to succeed, and to travel along those higher walks of life, that are so inviting to all noble ambitions. Prof. Quin lan is a native of Fallsburg, N. Y, where he Avasborn, January 5, 1848, a son of Bennett and Abbie S. (Knox) Quinlan, respectable farmers in their native State, and descendants, in the remote years, of the Scotch- Irish and German. The parents were well-to-do people, with well cui- 1108 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. tivated fields, fair education and Christian character. The old gentle man has now retired from the active cares of life, and is at the old New York home. In such surroundings, young Edwin grew to a lad of six teen, and from a fair farm hand in summer, and a pupil in the common- schools or academy in winter, he became a school teacher. He taught his first five months for a total salary of $100, and "boarded around." The next year Ave find him in charge of the schools at Monticello, N. Y., the seat of justice of Sullivan county, and his salary is now the compar atively princely sum of fifty dollars a month. At eighteen he became one ofthe instructors at the Monticello Academy, at that time a large and flourishing institution, where he taught two years, in a school of eight teachers. It was chiefly in this school, by his untiring application to private study, that he prepared himself for college. At the end of his two years' teaching he was enabled to enter Cornell University, and was a speaker at the first public exercises ever held by the students of that institution. While teaching he had earned and saved consider able to pay a portion of his way in college. In 1870 he left the univer sity, to accept a position in the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, ToAvanda. He had been elected principal, with Prof. George W. Ryan of the Institute. These young men entered upon the work with a zeal that soon lifted it into permanent prominence. After three years Mr. Ryan retired to take charge of the Towanda public schools, when Prof. Quinlan became sole in charge. The standard bf scholarship, under his administration, has been raised, and the institution placed on a sure foot ing, and is one of the flourishing and prominent schools of the State. There were fourteen graduates in 1889, and in the year of 1890, sixteen. In his chosen field of labor in Towanda, Prof. Quinlan has now been engaged twenty-one years, and nearly 3,000 pupils have passed through his hands as their instructor. In the colleges and universities where students have gone from his Institute the certificates of his school are received in lieu of an examination. The Professor is a member of the Presbyterian Church, teacher of the Bible-class of the Sunday-school, and is an earnest and effective Christian worker in other fields of Chris tian activity. In 1876 he received an honorary degree from Lafayette College; he is esteemed as a highly cultured gentleman, of fine physique, and equipped for higher work in the paths of literature and science; broad and liberal as a Christian teacher, who combines, Avith intense love of his profession, the equipments of a practical and efficient finan cier. Politically, he esteems it a privilege and duty to vote for the best man, regardless of the name of the party to Avhich he may belong. Prof. Edwin E. Quinlan and Miss Jennette A. Snook Avere joined in marriage in Brooklyn, N. Y., August 22, 1870, and there have been born three children: Mary F., Charles E. and Alice E. The family worship at the Presbyterian Church, of Avhich he is an elder. Prof. Quinlan has large interests in the lumber business, and this is more profitable, from a financial point of view, than is his compensation as teacher, yet he follows the latter almost wholly from a feeling of devotion to the cause. He has published a small work on language teaching, entitled," The Student's Hand-Book on the English Sentence," several thousand of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1109 which have already been used in Pennsylvania schools, Avithout being pushed by any agent or publishing house. JOHN M" RAHM, roadmaster, Northern Dh'ision, Lehigh Valley Railroad, Towanda, was born in Wooster, Ohio, September 25, 1839, a son of David and Hannah (Davis) Rahm, natives of Middletown and CataAvissa, Pa., respectively. The paternal grandfather, Melchoir Rham, Avas a native of Germany, and a pioneer of Wayne county, Ohio, where he died. The maternal grandfather Avas John Davis, of German descent, who resided at Catawissa, Pa. The parents of our subject settled in Standing Stone, this county, in 1855, and in 1867 removed to Towanda, where they resided until their death. David Rahm was superintendent of the North Branch Canal from 1855 until it was abandoned, in 1872, and Avas afterward in the employ of the Pennsylvania & New York Canal Railroad Company until his death in 1882: His children were five in number : John" M., Joseph R., Sarah E., Isaac M. and Susie E. John M. Rham was reared in Penn sylvania, where he received a common-school education, and Avhen sixteen years of age he entered the employ of the State, as foreman of a canal division, and served five years. The property being purchased by the North Branch Canal Company, he continued with them in the same capacity, three years, when he was appointed supervisor of a division of thirty miles, which he held until January, 1866, when the property came into the control of the Pennsylvania & New York Canal & Railroad Company, and he continued with them in same position until December, 1867, when he Avas appointed roadmaster of the divi sion betAveen Towanda and Waverly, of which he had charge two years. Then in the same capacity he took charge of the road between Waverly and Pittston, which position he still fills, and since 1869 in the interest of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, and now has charge of 356 miles of track. Mr. Rahm was married, January 2, 1866, to Amelia, daughter of Alexander and Eleanor (Stevens) Ennis, grand daughter, on the paternal side, of Levi Ennis, and, on the maternal side, of Asa Stevens, son of Jonathan, a son of Asa Stevens, who settled in the Wyoming Valley in 1772. He Avas a lieutenant in Wilkes-Barre county and was active in the battle at Wyoming, Avhere he Avas among the slain. Both grandfathers, as well as the great-grandfather of Mrs. Rahm (Jonathan Stevens), were pioneers' of Standing Stone, this county. Mr. and Mrs. Rahm have one daughter, Millie L. (Mrs. Edward L. Smith), who has one son, David R. Mrs. Rahm and daughter are members of the Universalist Church. Mr. Rahm is a member of the F. & A. M., and is serving his second terra as member of Towanda council ; politically he is a Democrat. OLIVER B. RAKE, stone-cutter, Wilmot township, P. O. Lacey ville, Wyoming county, was born in Wyalusing, July 15, 1859, and is a son of William and Lydia (Brown) Rake, natives of Pennsylvania, the former of German and the latter of Irish descent. Our subject began life for himself at fourteen, as an apprentice to the stone-cutter's trade in Black Walnut, Pa., and in two years Avas recommended as a jour neyman. He then went to Myersburg, and Avorked one year, during which time he did afi the fine stone-cutting for the building of the 65 1110 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. " Ward House " and the " Seeley House," at Towanda. In 1878 he was a partner in operating the Conklin quarry at Myersburg, and then sold out and went to Windsor, N. Y., where he was engaged in bridge building, and remained nearly a year, when he Avas foreman at Lanesborough, Pa., where he remained until 1881. He then went to Meshoppen, but after a short time removed to Towanda, Pa., where he had charge of the Fox quarry, for the Wyoming Valley Blue Stone Company, three years. He then removed to Tioga county, Pa., and was there as fore man until he located in Laceyville, and was then foreman in the Rockey Forest quarry, in Wilmot, Avhere he is noAv. Mr. Rake Avas married, March 26, 1881, to Miss Anna E., daughterof Charles Turner, of Stroudsburg, Monroe Co., Pa., and they have two children : Nina D., born March 29, 1882, and Maggie E.," born August 5, 1883. Mr. Rake is a very skillful mechanic, and is regarded as master of his art; his political sympathies are with the Republican party. L. D. RANDALL, of the firm of Randall & Son, millers, Canton. township, P. O. Canton, is a native of Armenia township, this county, born June 26, 1849, and is a son of Daniel and Charlotte (Mcintosh) Randall, natives of Delaware and Schoharie counties, N. Y., respect ively. Daniel Randall is a farmer, and resided on the farm near which the mill property is located, about one mile east of Canton. He served one term as township commissioner ; Mrs. Randall died in 1881, in her fifty-fourth year. The subject of these lines is the eldest in a family of three children. They removed from Armenia township to Tioga county, Pa., when he was ten years of age, where he remained about six years, working on the farm, and then removed to Troy, where he learned the miller's trade, which he followed six years, and then came to Canton, and has since been connected with the gristmill. Mr. Randall Avas married in Union township, Tioga Co., Pa., in 1875, to Miss Electa, daughter of Samuel and Maria (Spencer) Morgan, natives of Wayne and Tioga counties, Pa. Mr. Morgan is a farmer, and resides in Tioga county. Mrs. Randall is the second in order of birth in a family of nine children, and was born in Tioga county, Pa., in Juiv, 1849 ; politically Mr. Randall is a Democrat. MILES F. RANSOM, farmer, Ulster, born in Tioga county, N. Y., a son of Ira Ransom, who was the first male child born in the toAvn. His grandfather, Forman, was a scout in Washington's army, and Avas sheriff of Tioga county many years. His great-grandfather, Ransom, Avas a captain in the Revolutionary War, and was massacred at Wyom ing. Mr. Ransom came to this town about fifty years ago, and Avas married, August 20, 1846, to Adelaide D., daughter of Mathias and Susan (Minier) Lent ; there have been born to them six children, five of whom are living, as follows: Alice, born April 30, 1848 ; William, born March 9, 1850, married to Marion McCauly ; Jessie H., born February 25, 1856, married to Robert N. Nichol ; George Palmer, born June 12, 1865 ; and Anna IL, born June 6, 1870. Mrs. Ransom traces her ancestry back to the Dutch, who first settled on Manhattan Island, N. Y.; her parents Avere pioneers of Wysox, who settled there about ninety years ago. Mr. Ransom's mother, Sarah Forman, was of the same family as Miles Standish, the captain of the famous "Mayflower." HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1111 The Formans Avere Puritans. Mr. Ransom has been a successful man, and prospered in all of his enterprises ; has been largely engaged in rais ing fine horses, cattle and sheep, and has sold some of the finest horses in the county ; he is a Democrat, and has been county commissioner and auditor. His daughters, Alice, Anna H. and Mrs. Nichol, are mem bers of the Roman Catholic Church. W. R. RAYMOND, freight conductor, Athens township, P. O. Sayre, a native of Athens toAvnship, this county, was born October 8, 1854. His parents were John R. and E. C. (Crans) Raymond, the former a native of Tjoga county, N. Y, and the latter of Athens county. The father was a farmer and lumberman, and died in Athens township in 1856, and the mother, after his death, married Andrew J. Lyon, and they are now residents of Waverly ; she is a descendant of Adam Crans, a pioneer settler of this county, and a sister of the late R. G. Crans, a merchant of Waverly. Our subject, who is the younger of two children, resided in Athens township until he was eight years of age, Avhen the family removed to Factory ville, where they remained about four years, and then came to Waverly. Here our subject received an academic education, and afterward clerked in a dry-goods and grocery store, and then was in the employ of Westfall & Bonnell, flour and feed dealers. He then made a trip West, returned, and was engaged in the trade on his own account a short time. In 1870 he again went West, traveling through Michigan, Illinois, Montana and Can ada, and returned home in 1872. In 1876 he went on theL. V. R. R. as brakeman, Avas promoted to conductor in 1880, and has held that position since. Mr. Raymond was married .in Waverly, in 1878, to Miss Henrietta, daughter of Alfred and Lucinda (Rosencrantz) Good- die, natives of Wyoming county (she is an only child and was born in Tunkhannock, in September, 1857). To Mr. and Mrs. Raymond Avas born one daughter, Loui. Mrs. Raymond is a member of the Episco pal Church; he is a member of the Order of Railway Conductors, Waverly Division, No. 10, and is a Democrat in politics. CHARLES REED, physician ahd surgeon, Wysox, was born in Wysox, this county, September 3, 1857, and is a son of J. Myer and Stella L. (Goodrich) Reed, the former a native of Amenia, N. Y., and of English and German origin ; the latter a native of Towanda, and a granddaughter of John Fox, one of the first settlers in Bradford county. Charles Reed, Avho is the third of five living children, was reared on the farm, educated in the common school at Myersburg, the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and, after one yearspent in studying medicine with Dr. T. F. Madill, of Wysox, entered Jefferson Medical College, Avhere he was graduated in 1880, taking the third honor in a class of 213. He then entered into partnership with Dr. Madill in the practice of medicine, Avhich was continued two years, when he opened an office of his OAvn at Wysox, Avhere he has since practiced. In 1891, he went to Europe to further pursue the study of medicine, and specialize diseases of the heart and lungs, and spent two months at Berlin, attending lectures and studying Dr. Koch's treatment for con sumption. Before departing for Europe, he was commissioned, by Gov. Pattison, a medical representative of Pennsylvania at Berlin. 1112 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. After leaving that place, he spent some time in traveling through Italy, Austria, France and England, visiting many interesting places, galleries, hospitals, etc., and returned to America, April 3, 1891. Since his return, Dr. Reed's practice, which was already very large, has increased so that he can scarcely attend to it ; he has cases in the neighboring counties, from Elmira to Wilkes-Barre, where he has suc cessfully used Dr. Koch's world-renowned "Lymph." The Doctor Avas married, May 8, 18S3, to Miss Nellie W., daughter of Urbane and Lydia (Weber) Dilley, of Wilkes-Barre, and they have two children: Edward U., born May 1, 1884, and Charles B., born June 4, 1887. Dr. and Mrs. Reed are members of the Presbyterian Church, of Avhich he is elder and trustee. He is a member of the Bradford County Medical Society, and of the American Medical Association. Politically he is a pronounced Democrat. WILLIAM RELYEA, farmer, of Wells township, P. 0. Gillett, was born in Middletown, DelaAvare Co., N. Y., September 7, 1829, a son of Daniel and Eliza (Murdock) Relyea, the former born in Ulster, the latter in Delaware county, N.Y. Daniel removed to this county in 1835, locating in South Creek township, Avhere he took up a farm of 150 acres, in what was then a wilderness. He, like all old pioneers, had to contend with the hardships incident to pioneer life; he built a log house, wielding his ax in felling the timber that circumscribed his prog ress, and at times the rod and gun were called into requisition. He cleared up his farm, and made improvements in other respects, besides adding more to what he already had. He died in 1890, at the ad vanced age of eighty-six, having lived in this county over fifty-five years. He reared nine children, eight of Avhom grew to maturity, and five of whom are now living. The subject of this sketch inherited the same enterprising spirit that his father had, and was reared and edu cated in South Creek at the common school. He entered into business for himself, at the age of twenty-one, having, before that age, pur chased his present home, upon which he has lived all his days, except ten years he spent in Columbia township, though, Avhile there, he retained his farm in Wells. He is a practical farmer, and made his money out of the soil on which he lives, by hard work, perseverance and economy. At the age of about twenty Mr. Relyea married, for his first wife, Miss Jane, daughter of John and Jerusha Ann McMullen, October 4, 1849, at Rutland, Tioga, Co., Pa., and there were born to them four children : Lydia R., Emma, William H. and Martha, all of whom are married and prosperous. For his second wife he married Miss Margaret, daughter of John and Mary Wilson, March 1, 1866, at Columbia, this county; by this marriage he had five children, three of whom are living : Wilson, Nellie and Minta, and they are at home and unmarried. Mr. Relyea is a general farmer, but pays especial attention to dairying. His premises are well watered, as he keeps a wind-mill continually in motion; his fish pond is spacious, containing the palatable carp in aJbundance. Mr. Relyea is now serving his sec ond term as town commissioner, an office he fills to the satisfaction of all ; he is a member of the I. O. O. F. and the Grange. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1113 EZRA E. REYNOLDS, Windham township, farmer and stock- grower, P. O. North Orwell, was born in Delaware county, N. Y., December 18, 1836, and is a son of John and Violetta (Bates) Rey nolds, of Connecticut, of English origin, a people who have been tillers of the soil for generations. The family came to Bradford county in 1846, and settled in Windham toAvnship, and made this their permanent home, and the father died in 1870; the mother still sur vives. Their family consisted of eight children, of whom Ezra was the second, and grew to manhood in Windham township, and com menced life a farmer, and has, with his own hands, made his way to, a competency, and his highly improved and valuable farm- consists of 186 acres of rich land. He married, in 1860, Lucinda, daughter of Robert and Elizabeth (Wilsey) Wilson, also natives of New York, and of English origin. To them were born two children, Mary E., wife of Piatt Osborn, of Windham, and Martin, a merchant of New York City. The family worship, usually, at the Methodist Church, though Mrs. Reynolds is a member of the Episcopal Church. In 1864 Mr. Reynolds enlisted in Company B, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cav alry, and Avas under Gen. Sheridan ; was in the battle of Winchester as his first fight, and was at Snicker's Gap and Maryland Heights. After arriving at Washington he Avas taken sick, and was sent to the hospital, and when convalescent beame a nurse in the small-pox ward. He never fully recovered from his camp sickness, and is a pensioner. He is a member of the G. A. R., Stevens Post, No. 69, Rome, and has held the office of treasurer; in politics he votes the Republican ticket. GEORGE F. REYNOLDS, farmer, Wysox township, P. O. Myers burg, Avas born in Wysox, this county, October 25, 1827, and is a son of Samuel and Sarah (Bennett) Reynolds, natives of Pennsylvania, the former of vvhom was a mill-wright. They reared a family of four children, of whom George F. is the eldest and the only survivor. Our subject was reared on the farm, educated in the common school, and assisted his father on the farm and at his trade until he Avas twenty- four ; then purchased his present home of his father. On August 10, 1862, he enlisted at To wanda,and was mustered out January 6,1863. on surgeon's certificate of disability; his Avife was obliged to go to Washing ton to bring him home. He has since given his attention chiefly to farm ing, and has made a success. G. F. Reynolds' grandfather, Wilbur Ben nett, and his brother, Robert, traded a farm in Wilkes-Barre for a tract of land extending from Myersburg to Gillett's bridge, called Plum Vale Tract, where they settled about 1804. The farm owned by G. F. Reynolds and son, William, is part of that tract of land. Robert afterward sold his claim, but Wilbur remained and cleared a large farm ; he reared a family of three children : Asa, Benjamin and Sarah. G. F. Reynolds was married, November 17, 1853, to Miss Malinda Porter, who Avas born October 4, 1834. This happy union has been blessed with five children : Ellen J., born September 10, 1856 (married to George Fox, of Durell, and died April 21, 1886); Addie M., born July 2, 1858 (married to Samuel Chamberlain, a farmer of Wysox township) ; Georgia, born August 8, 1860 (married to Frank Frisbie, a blacksmith, of Durell) ; William S., born March 11, 1866, a farmer, of Wysox 1114 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. township; Mary C, born March 24, 1874. Mrs. Reynolds is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Myersburg. Mr. Reynolds is a Republican in his political preferments. WILLIAM S. REYNOLDS, farmer, of Wysox township, P. O. Myersburg, was born, March 11, 1866, in Wysox, this county, a son of George F. and Malinda (Porter) Reynolds. He Avas reared on the farm, educated in the common school at Myersburg, and at Eastman's Business College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y. He is now engaged in farming on a portion of the old homestead. Mr. Reynolds was married. Octo ber 17, 1888, to Miss Hattie M., daughter of Charles and Harriet (Strope) Brown, of Rome, and they have two children : Vivian Beatrice, born September 24, 1889, and Winton Llewellyn born March 21, 1891. Mr. Reynolds is a supporter of every worthy public enterprise. In politics he is a Republican. WILLIAM RICE, druggist, and physician and surgeon, Rome, was born in what is now Rome borough, this county, April 16, 1840, a son of Hiram and Amanda (Guernsey) Rice, the former of whom was a native of this county, born in Smithfield township, in 1809 ; the latter a native of Chenango countv, N. Y. The father was first a printer, at Towanda, and edited the Northern Banner, the second newspaper ever published in Bradford county. This he abandoned, while yet a young man, and commenced to read medicine in the office of Samuel Huston, M. D.,of Towanda; afterward attended a NeAV York school of medicine, from which he graduated. After his graduation, he came directly to Rome, in 1837, and began the practice of medicine, which he followed here up to his death, which occurred in 1876, when he Avas aged sixty-seven years. He had a family of four children, viz.: Wil liam, Lizzie, Amanda and Charles; their mother died in 1888, -aged eighty years. The early life of William was spent in Rome, where he attended the public schools, and, afterward, the academy at ToAvanda, and, having read the necessary time with his father, he entered Jeffer son College, at Philadelphia, and was graduated in 1862. Returning at once to Rome, he Avas associated with his father in the practice of medicine for a few years. In 1864, he received the appointment of as sistant-surgeon in the Union Army, and was acting surgeon of the Ninth Pennsylvania Cavalry, under Gen. W. T. Sherman, until the close of the war; he Avas with the Army of the West, wben it made its famous march from Atlanta to the sea. During his service, he had charge of the Brigade Hospital, at Lexington, N. O, also the hospital at Durham, same State. At the close of the Avar, he returned home, and resumed the practice of medicine, Avhich he has continued to the present day. In 1880, he opened a drug store, and he now carries a full line of drugs and medicines. The Doctor was married, May 1, 1862, to Emily V. Whitney, of Wysox township, and they have six children, viz.: Fred erick W., Nellie M., Robert G., Mary W., Willie and David. Of these, Nellie married U. G. Russell, and Robert married Margaruite Kilmer. Dr. Frederick W. Rice, who has adopted his father's profession, as Avell as studying and graduating in dentistry, was born in Rome, December 20, 1864, and received his education in the public schools of Rome borough. During his leisure hours, he clerked in his father's. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1115 drug store, where he studied pharmacy, and he became a registered pharmacist in 1887; then read medicine with his father, and, after a sufficient course of reading, entered Jefferson Medical College, of Phil adelphia, and was graduated April 4, 1889. He commenced the study of dentistry, and entered the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery, of Philadelphia, was graduated, and received the degree of D. D. S., in 1891. He is also a registered pharmacist, and clerks in his father's store. He was united in marriage, June 11, 1888, with Clara E.Forbes, of Rome. William Rice is a member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R.; also a member of the Masonic Fraternity, at Rome, Lodge No. 418, and has taken the degree of A. Y. M. Politically the family were formerly Democratic, but have been stanch Republicans since the organization of that party. J. W. RICHARDS, dispatcher, Northern Division, L. V. R. R., Sayre, is a native of Factory ville, Luzerne Co., Pa., and was born May 14, 1852, a son of Edward and Harriet (Allen) Richards, natives of Orange county, N. Y. His father, who was a farmer, died in Scranton, in 1872, in his fifty-ninth year; his mother died in 1869, in her forty- ninth year. At the age of thirteen J. W. started out in life for himself, and at the age of sixteen began an apprenticeship at the boiler-maker's trade, in Scranton, where he worked until 1880, when he came to Sayre, and in 1881 was made foreman in the boiler shops, and held that position until April, 1890, when he was promoted to his present position. He was married, in Scranton, in 1873, to Miss Anna, daughter of Joab and Sarah Haywood, natives of England, and, of their family of seven children, she is the youngest in order of birth, and was born in Water- town, N. Y., in August, 1852. Mr. and Mrs. Richards have one daughter, Alice. Mrs. Richards is a member of the Baptist Church ; Mr. Richards is a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity, No. 70, Chapter No. 161, of the Northern Commandery, No. 16, and of the Royal Arcanum and Iron Hall ; in politics he is a Republican. ROBERT RICHARDS, farmer and stock-grower, Windham toAvn- ship, P. O. Windham Summit, is a native of Ithaca, N. Y., born June 13, 1814, and is a son of Athinal and Hannah (Smith) Richards, the former born in Wyoming county, Pa., the latter in New Jersey. When a small boy in his father's Wyoming home, Athinal Richards gave unusual indications of being a natural musician, and in after life was pronounced the best violinist in the State of New York. The young man, with his fiddle, the big end of his patrimony, came to Bradford county, and located in Durell township in 1813, but after a stay of one year removed to Tompkins, N. Y., where he remained until his death in 1846 ; by his side Avas laid his widow in 1850. The parents of this musician were of English stock, the mother being Rachel (Davenport), and they were married in Wyoming county. The father Avas severely wounded in the battle of Wyoming, in 1763, and died two months -thereafter; the widow afterward, in the year 1790, removed to Standing Stone, in this county, where she died in 1856. Athinal Richards had nine children, of whom Robert, the sub ject of this notice, is the fifth. He became, like his ancestors, a farmer, and in 1847 came to Bradford county, where he purchased a 1116 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. farm in Rome township, where he remained seven years ; then sold and went to Orwell, and was on his farm in that place eleven years. In 1866 he again sold, and located in Windham, giving to his son, W. N. Richards, his elegant farm of 100 acres. He was twice married, first to Elizabeth Roe, daughter of Samuel J. and Sarah (McCann) Roe, of Ithaca, N. Y., and by her had two children : W. N., now in Owego, N. Y., very wealthy, and Mary E., wife of Daniel Vanloane. Mrs. Richards died July 29, 1847, and he was afterward married in Standing Stone, March 8, 1848, to Rebecca, daughter of John V. and Polly Morris, natives of Peekskill, N. Y., by which marriage there were three children : Lou, who died October 25, 1881. aged thirty-one years; Benjamin F., who is postmaster at Windham Summit, and George A., a civU engineer on the St. Paul, Chicago & Milwaukee Railroad. In the family is an adopted son, Frank M. This wife Avas twice married, first to Nehemia Vought, by whom there were two chil dren: Isaac, a farmer in Orwell, and Charles M., who died at the age of ten. Robert Richards enlisted in the army, October 15, 1862, in the Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company D, and was mustered in October 17 at Camp Curtin. From severe exposure on camp duty in the frosty and rainy Avinter, he was stricken down with sickness, and contracted chronic rheumatism ; was f urloughed sixty days, and whfle still sick was carried off, as a deserter, to Camp Distri bution, Va., and from there Avas sent to his own camp, and placed on a dismounted cannon near Washington, where he, was again examined by surgeons and honorably discharged. From that day to this he has been a constant sufferer from disease contracted on duty, and is now wholly disabled. He was the oldest soldier in his regi ment, and now is the oldest ex-soldier in the county ; is a member of the G. A. R. Post, at Nichols, N. Y., and in politics he is Republican. He voted the first Abolition ticket ever put in the ballot box at Rome. The complete explanation of the charge of desertion is in the fact that, when his furlough expired, he was unable to report, and was arrested; but full proofs were made, and he was honorably acquitted, and no man to-day stands higher in the ranks of the old soldiers. He is now drawnng a pension. He was one of the first settlers in Greenwood, Steuben Co., N. Y. SAMUEL Y. RICHARDS, photographer, Towanda, is a native of the bright little county of Montour, Pa., where he was born August 31, 1836, a son of John and Rebecca (Clark) Richards, of Welsh and Scotch- Irish stoek, and natives of Pennsylvania. They were a family of farmers, and of that heroic mold that braved the forests and carved out new farms of the wild wood-land. His parents removed to the outer borders of Lycoming county, when he was little more than a young infant, and there, on his farm, his father spent the remainder of his days, and reared his family of seven children, and died in 1862. Samuel, the youngest of the family, Avhose childhood was spent in the deep woods, miles away from the nearest school-house, and, instead of books, he learned, at an early age, to chop and plow and do general farm labor, and there are few secrets connected Avith clearing a farm but that he well remembers from experience just how people go about it; HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1117 and when he was a young man grown he was innocent of knowing the names or faces of the alphabet. When he was about twenty-five years old, he very Avisely found his partner in life; married, and noAv has not only the best of wives, but his school teacher; for, commencing Avith "A B C," she carried him along to a very respectable English educa tion. While the good wife was helping him with his books, he was helping himself, and from chopping wood, he became an expert shingle- maker, and by slow gradations, eventually, a carpenter and builder. From day to day and year to year he labored on, adding both to his material and mental resources, and after fourteen years of carpen tering he removed, in 1858, to Danville (the county-seat of his native county), where he was married (as above related), and continued the carpentering trade until 1867, when a fortunate acquaintance with a photographer of that place finally led him to learn the art and mysteries of the trade of photography. His good reputation enabled him to borrow the money to start himself in this business, and his close attention and skill in the art enabled him to repay the loan in a short time, and to finally come to Towanda and build up one of the most extensive and finest studios in northern Pennsylvania; and so rapidly has his fame extended and his work accumulated, that noAv he owns two branch offices. He came to Towanda in 1883, and he-re has his head studio, and his excellent work has spread his fame abroad. Mr. Richards was married in Danville, in 1861, to Matilda, daughter of David Keim, and widow of John Young, and who had a daughter, Ella (Mrs. Charles Colburn, of Wilkes-Barre). They have had three children, born as follows: Hattie (died, aged nineteen), Elizabeth (an artist, the wife of Walter Smith) and Mary Alice (wife of George O. Englebreckt). Mr. and Mrs. Richards are prominent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a Republican, a member of the I. O. O. F. In connection Avith his gallery he has a stock of artists' goods. LEWIS RINEBOLD, a leading farmer of Overton township, P. O. Overton, one of the surviving wounded veterans of the Civil War, is a native of Lehigh county, Pa., born April 19, 1831, and is a son of Lewis and Sallie (Slatterleigh) Rinebold, natives of Pennsylvania and of German extraction. The father, who followed the trade of shoe maker, came to Bradford county in 1834, and made Overton his home until he died in 1856; the mother died in 1863. Lewis Rinebold, who is the tenth in a family of eleven children, grew to manhood in the family home, and when of sufficient age was put to learning the cabinet-maker's trade, which he followed for twenty years; he then pur chased a sawmill, which he operated the next twenty-two years, wlien he engaged in farming, his present occupation, on his farm of fifty- seven acres in Overton Valley, which is highly improved, and makes a most comfortable old homestead. On January 31, 1870, Mr. Rinebold was joined in wedlock with Mira, daughter of Alfred and Hannah (Mudge) Leonard, Pennsylvanians of English origin, who came to Bradford county in 1835, and settled in Troy, where they passed the remainder of their days. The Rinebolds are members of the Metho dist Episcopal Church, of which he is a trustee, steward and class- leader, superintendent of the Sunday-school, and Bible-class teacher, in 1118 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the latter of which Mrs. Rinebold is also a teacher. He votes the Pro hibition ticket, and has held the office of school director. He enlisted in the army, September 7, 1862, in the One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., Company C, and was wounded by a musket ball, in the hip, at the battle of Chancellorsville; he participated in the battles of Fred ericksburg and Chancellorsville; and Avas honorably discharged, Sep tember 7, 1863. REUBEN RINEBOLD, Overton township, P..O. Overton, a lead ing and influential farmer of his township, a native of Lehigh county, Pa., born March 20, 1820, is a son of Ludwig and Sallie (Slothy) Rinebold, Pennsylvanians of remote German descent. His father, who Avas a shoemaker and farmer, came to Overton in 1835, where he died January 7, 1856, and his widow, March 12, 1864. Their children were eleven in number, of whom Reuben is the fourth in order of birth. He remained in the family home, and Avhen he attained his majority commenced life on his own account, and carved out his own fortune ; he is now retired from active labor, having sold his fifty-acre farm to his son Adison. Mr. Rinebold was married, in Overton, January 5, 1843, to Catherine, daughter of Daniel and Magdaline (Wilt) Heverly, of the early pioneer family of Overton, and to this union there were eleven children, of whom Adison L., is the fifth in the order of birth, born in Overton where he grew to manhood and engaged in saAvmill and lumbering eleven years, and then purchased his father's farm, which he still ocpupies. Adison L. Rinebold and Effie Allen Avere joined in matrimony, December 25, 1879, and have a family of four children, as follows; Grace, George E., Francis R. and Murray. Reuben is " Prohibition " in politics, while Adison is Repub lican. The former is a prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and has filled the offices of class-leader, steward and trustee; has also held the offices of school director, road commissioner, treasurer and assessor. JOHN RING, farmer and stockman, P. O. Cadis, was born in County Cork, Ireland, December 16, 1838, to Daniel and Johanna (Malmes) Ring, natives of the same place, and farmers. The family migrated to America in 1839, and pushed at once their way to the present abode in Warren township, this county, one of the early pio neers to this part of the county, and a hearty, bold young man he was, who, with ax in hand, measured his strength of body against the dark old primeval forests that clung upon the hillsides and shadowed so deeply the rich valleys. No man in his time, perhaps, cleared for cul tivation more acres of these rich lands than he. He died March 25, 1878, and his good wife and helpmeet departed this life February 24, 1884. To them had been born ten children — five sons and five daugh ters — of whom John, the subject of this sketch, is the eldest; Mary, a resident of Omaha ; Ellen (Mrs. Thomas Dunlovey), of Warren town ship, the mother of eleven children ; Catherine (Mrs. Luke Cheghem- essy), of Owego, N. Y., has eight children ; Richard, died July 3, 1888, aged forty-one, at Wilkes-Barre ; Jerry, married Anna Ryan, of Kings ton, N. Y, they have one child, aged seven, died in 1866 ; Johanna (Mrs. Michael Pingrose) of Windham, her husband died October 6, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1119 1888; Margaret (Mrs. Edward B. Brosnan, who has five children). John Ring was reared on his father's farm in Warren township, and in early life learned the carpenter's and joiner's trade, which he fol- loAved eighteen years, and then turned his attention to farming. He has 145 acres well improved and stocked, with ample and good build ings, with one of the finest farm residences in this part of the county. Mr. Ring was married in Warren township, March 31, 1861, to Johanna, daughter of Patrick and Mary (Spaid) Shelton, natives of County Clare, Ireland, who came to this country in their early married life ; the father died in 1877, and the mother in 1875. They had children, as follows : James, married to Maggie Murray (they have one child, John, and reside in Williamsport) ; Mary, of Elkland, Pa.; Daniel ; Henry, a blacksmith, of Altoona; John, died in 1871, aged three years. Mr. Ring was married, the second time, in 1871, to Julia daughter of Daniel and Julia Delhouty, of Tipperary, Ireland, and to this marriage, were born four children: Joseph, a blacksmith, of Altoona; Julia and Hannah, school teachers, and Kit at school. The family are prominent and exemplary members of the Catholic Church, and in politics he is a Democrat. ORIN G. ROBBINS, farmer, Monroe township, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born on the farm where he now resides, April 10, 1865, and is a son of Isaac and Emily (Arnot) Robbins. The ancestors of Isaac Robbins had lived in Pennsylvania several generations, and his wife is a descendant of Selah and Prudence (Knight) Arnot, who came to Monroe in 1816; the former of German and the latter of Holland origin. They were accompanied by their children : George E., Joshua, Samuel, Mahala, Susan, Hannah, Cidney and Jane, and set tled on the farm adjoining where Orin G. Robbins now resides. The first school at Liberty Corners was kept in a log-barn on this place, and was soon changed into a hewn-log building, which had been built for a shingle shop. In Isaac's family there were two children : George E., born June 9, 1856, a hair dresser in Oswego, N. Y., and Orin G., who Avas reared on the farm, educated in the common school, and after following various occupations for brief intervals, engaged in farming on the old homestead, where he has since resided. Mr. Robbins was married, March 24, 1888, to Miss May, daughter of George and Char lotte (McGill) Edsall, of South Branch, and they have two children : Nema Belle, born January 8, 1889, and Edna May, born January 7, 1891. Mr. and Mrs. Robbins are members ofthe Patrons of Industry, and he is a Republican in politics. J. W. ROBERTSON, farmer, P. O. Orwell, was born in Fairdale, Susquehanna Co., Pa., July 11, 1822, and is a son of John and Hannah (Sherer) Robertson, the former of whom was a native of New Hamp shire, removed to Susquehanna, in 1816, and passed the greater por tion of his life there, passing much of his last years with his son, J. W. Robertson, and died in 1877; the m'other died in. 1875; they Avere agriculturists, but the father worked at the shoemaker's trade several years. He reared a family of ten children, viz.: David S., Hannah (married to William J. Arnold, both deceased), Mary (married to David Patterson, both deceased), William, J. W., Samuel (deceased), James 1120 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. M., Rhoda (deceased), Helen (married to Dr. Augustus Bissell, of Maha- noy City) and Samuel. J. W. Robertson passed his boyhood in Susque hanna county, receiving a fair common-school education, and on reaching his majority farmed on his own account, and resided on the old homestead until 1866, when he bought his present farm, on which he has made the improvements. During the past -twenty-five years Mr. Rob ertson has suffered from rheumatism to such an extent that he has been disabled from farm labor, which he has trusted to his son, Frank C. He Avas united in wedlock, June 1, 1848, Avith Laura L., a daughter of Richard and Lydia (Robinson) Jillson, natives of Connecticut ; her father, who was a farmer, came to Bradford in 1825, and reared a fam ily of nine children, of whom Mrs. Robertson is the second. Mr. and Mrs. Robertson have had three children : Franklin, born September 30, 1849, died September 6, 1851; Amos, born November 30, 1850, married Dellie Gould, and is noAv operating a butter and milk store in New York City ; Frank O, born May 29, 1854, in Susquehanna county, was reared on a farm and received a common-school education. After reaching his majority he engaged in farming on his own account; he was married, January 3, 1884, to Josie M. Green, who Avas born in Iowa, a daughter of John H. and Deborah (Bailey) Green; the farm they now own contains 145 acres, highly improved and well stocked. Mr. and Mrs. Robertson have had two children : Ethel A., born Feb ruary 21,1885 ; and Jennie L., born September 11, 1889, and died when about three months old ; the family worship at the Methodist Episco pal Church, and since becoming members they have been earnest workers. Mrs. Frank Robertson is a member of the Free-Baptist, of which denomination her father was a minister. Mr. J. W. Robertson is an uncompromising Republican ; Frank is a member of the Prohibi tion party. ALPHONSO L. ROBINSON, farmer and stock-grower, P. O. South Hill, was born in Orwell township, this county, April 18, 1848, a son of Linus and Clarissa (Norton) Robinson. His father was born in Orwell township, September 15, 1826, on the farm he now occupies. The grandfather was one of the first settlers in Orwell township, in 1810, and was a noted hunter; in his family there were nine children, as follows: Curtis, Daniel, Wesley, Linus, Whitmore (who was killed when a young man), Betsy (married to John Johnson), Sallie (married to Morris Woodruff), Polly (married to Francis Chubbuck) and Louisa (married to Simon Kinney). Linus assisted in clearing the old home stead, where he had alwayslived; his family were six in number: Emily, a widow (married to Fred Jones), Alphonso, Elmer (married to Sarah Vanness), Edmund (married to Hattie House), Berton (married to Eva Chaffee) and Mertie (married to Ernest Barnes). Alphonso L. Robin son married November 14, 1870, Rosa A., daughter of Nelson and Eliza beth (Knapp) Barnes; in her fathers family there were two sons and two daughters, viz. : Loton, who died, aged four years; Emeline, married to Dr. C. H. Warner; Hiram, who entered the army at sixteen, in the One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment, Company D, and was in all the work of that regiment until the battle of Gettysburg, Avhere he was killed, and Rosa A. (Mrs. Alphonso L. Robinson). Mr. Barnes was a son of Jesse HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1121 Barnes, who was one of the very earliest settlers of Orwell township. In 1856 he built the house on the farm noAv occupied by Alphonso L. Robin son, in which he resided until his death, which occurred July 18, 1881, when he was aged sixty-three years. Alphonso L. Robinson spent his boyhood on his father's farm, and attended the district schools and Orwell Hill Academy until his twentieth year. He began life for himself as a farmer, and bought his first land, known as the " Billy Warfle " farm, in 1870, and owned it until 1 879, when he traded it for the " Boyd " farm, adjoining his present home; same year he removed into his pres ent residence. Mr. and Mrs. Robinson have had two sons and five daughters, viz.: Clara, born September 21, 1872; Effie, born September 17, 1874, and died April 1, 1879; Arthur, born May 7, 1880; Clarence, born March 20, 1881; Mabel, born September 17, 1884; Ethel, born Sep tember 3, 1886, died January 9, 1887; and Bessie, bom May 24, 1888. Mr. Robinson owns a farm of 185 acres, has a sugar orchard of about 500 trees, and also raises a great many young cattle, sheep and hogs; he is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is a Prohibi tionist in his political preferments. C. B. ROBINSON, blacksmith, P. O. Wyalusing, was born in Wil mot township, Bradford Co., Pa., July 23, 1853, and is a son of Chandler and Harriet (Adams) Robinson, natives of Wyoming county, Pa. The father was a farmer, and spent the greater portion of his life in Brad ford county ; in 1859 he removed to Cleveland, Ohio, where he died in 1862, aged forty-four years; the mother is now living at Forkston, Wyoming county. They Avere the parents of fhre children : Berkley, a farmer of Mehoopany; Mary A., married to Joseph Calligan, an employe of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, and residing in Wyalusing; Dora, residing in Cleveland, Ohio; Janette, married to Mr. Harkell, a miller, of New York, and our subject, Avho passed his boyhood, from six to twelve years of age, in Ohio, attending the public schools of Cleveland ; then returned to Mehoopany and attended school there, after which he engaged in farming until 1877, when he began to learn his trade, blacksmithing, at which he Avorked four and one-half years ; then went to Mehoopany, and from there to Sugar Run, where he owned a shop of his OAvn, and Avas there two and a half years ; from there he returned to Mehoopany and had a shop, and stayed in that town two years, thence went to Loveton and was there one year ; from there he moved to Forkston, where he remained until 1891, Avhen he came to Taylorsville, and opened the old Swage stand, and does a gen eral blacksmith business. Mr. Robinson married, January 21, 1874, Maxalina, daughter of A. L. Bates, a wagon-maker of Wilmot town- shipper mother was Catherine E. Douglass, deceased). To them were born five children : Cassie E., Georgie A., Bessie JVL, Willie L. and Clarence B. Mr. Robinson's political views are Democratic. JOEL H. ROBINSON, farmer, Warren township, P. O. Aurora, is a native of Rome toAvnship, this county, born August 25, 1839, a son of Owen and Elvira (ToAvner) Robinson, natives of Vermont and Penn sylvania, respectively. Owen Robinson was the son of Joel and Celia (Whitaker) Robinson, of Vermont, who came to Bradford county in 1820, settled in Warren township, and were among the pioneers and 1122 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. early prominent settlers. After residing here some years Mr. Robin son removed to Candor, N. Y., where he died in 1873; his first wife had died in 1863, and he married, for his second, Mrs. Polly Stewart, Avho died in 1884. There were eight children by the first wife, of whom Owen, the second in order of birth, was born in Vermont, came to this county with his father's family, and went with them to New York, thence removed to this State and county in 1835, locating in Rome toAvnship; he Avas a farmer and mechanic, and died in 1881; his widow survives and resides in Owego; their family of children were five in number, of whom -Joel H., the subject of the sketch, is the third. He grew to manhood in Candor (whither he had gone with his family Avhen nine years of age), and commenced life for himself, lumbering, following this twenty years. He Avas married in Candor, in 1863, to Nancy J., daughter of William and Elizabeth (Terwilager) Eichen- burg, natives of Orange county, N. Y.; her father was a tailor, and died July 11, 1849; her mother died March 19, 1888; they had nine children, of Avhom Mrs. Robinson is the seventh. To Mr. and Mrs. Joel H. Robinson were born five children, as follows : Willis, mar ried to Flora Chapman, and has one child, Joel O; George O., of Hor- nellsville, N. Y.; Alonzo, of same place; Frank and Ernest. The fam ily Avorship. at the Methodist Church ; in politics Mr. Robinson is a Republican. ROBERT ROCKEFELLER, Windham Centre, one of the dis abled retired veterans of the Civil War, and a leading farmer of Wind ham township, was born in Albany county, N. Y., May 24, 1824, a son of John and Ruth (Jacobs) Rockefeller, the former of whom Avas a blacksmith, who came to Warren toAvnship in the year 1841, and, after several years, returned to New York and came again to Warren; went from Warren to Rome, where he resided until his death, in 1858; his widow died in 1877. Their children were ten in number, of whom Rob ert, the second in order of birth, remained in Albany county until his seventeenth year, when he learned the harness-maker's trade, Avhich he followed ten years, and then became a blacksmith, working at his father's forge twelve years. In 1841,along with a brother, he came to this county, farming and blacksmithing. In October, 1862, he enlisted in the Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company D, and went direct to the front with the Army of the Potomac, under Gen. Pleas- anton, and afterward under Gen. Sheridan; was in the battle of the Rappahannock, and on the Rapidan River, and Shenandoah, Avhen he was detailed blacksmith to the army transportation department, thus continuing until the war closed. He was severely sick soon after enter ing the service, and was in the Alexandria hospital three months; had an attack of varioloid, and was sent to Camp Distribution, where he remained four weeks, and was discharged in August, 1865; he now draws a pension; is a member of the G. A. R., Stevens Post, No. 69, Rome; he is Republican in politics, and has been school director, and he was postmaster many years at Windham Summit. Mr. Rockefeller was married twice: first to Priscilla Bullock, who bore him two chil dren: Nathaniel B., of Rummerfield, and Martin H., of Camptown; the . HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1123 second marriage was with Emeline Demorest (daughter of John Kuy kendall), Avho had two children : John R. and Ophelia B. ALBERT N. ROCKWELL, farmer and stock-raiser, Ulster town ship, P. O. Ulster,, was born in Ulster, this county, March 30, 1853, and is a son of Chauncy and Wealthy (Gordon) Rockwell. [See sketch of W. H. Rockwell.] His early life was spent on the farm, attending school at Ulster, where he received a good English education ; then he engaged in farming, and resides on the old homestead, which he and his brother cultivate. He was married, April 14, 1880, to Ella, daughter of Alexander and Janette (Rodgers) Murdock, natives of Ayrshire, Scotland. They have one child, a son, Guy Edward, born May 30, 1888. Mr. Rockwell was formerly a member of the I. O. O. F.; he is a stanch Republican in politics. HON. DELOS ROCKWELL, a prominent member of the Bradford County Bar, Avas born in Troy, Bradford Co., Pa., August 28, 1837, a son of Luther M. and Johanna M. (Marvin) Rockwell. His paternal grandfather, Samuel Rockwell, was a native of Berkshire county, Mass., and with his family moved to Canton, this county, in 1804. He died at the advanced age of eighty-eight years ; his wife was Hannah Las- selle, by whom he had ten children, viz.: Johanna (Mrs. Eli Parsons), Elias, Samuel, James, J. Calvin and Luther M. (twins), Laban, Rufus M., Myron and Hiram. Of these, Luther M., the father of subject, was a native of Burlington, Vt., who came to Canton with his parents, in 1804, but afterward moA'ed to Troy. In 1816, he married Johanna, a daughter of Jesse Marvin, of Monroe county, N. Y.' He Avas the father of ten children, namely: Bingham L., Jesse M., Alvord P., Martin L., Elvira (Mrs. D. W. C. Herrick), J. Calvin, Orlando W., Hiram L., Azor S., and Delos, the subject of this sketch, who was reared in Troy, educated at Madison University, Hamilton, N. Y., and studied law with D. W. C. Bates, of Cherry Valley, N. Y., and fin ished his studies with the late Hon. Paul D. Morrow, of Towanda, and Avas admitted to the bar in February, 1862. He opened an office in Troy, the same year, and has since been in the active practice of his profession. He married, in June, 1864, Eliza B., daughter of Francis and Laura (Spalding) Smith, of Troy. Mr. RockAvell was in the Civil War, having enlisted, in June, 1863, in Company B, TAventy-sixth P. V. I., but, after six weeks' service, was honorably discharged. In 1874, he was elected State Senator from the Twenty-third District of Pennsylvania, and was a delegate to the National Democratic Conven tion, at St. Louis, in 1888, which nominated Grover Cleveland for a second term. Mr. Rockwell has been one of the foremost men in all school matters ; he was for tAventy-five years a prominent school officer of the borough and vicinity. Something of the estimate of this gentleman by his neighbors and many friends is found in the fact that, Avhilehe has always been a fearless and outspoken Democrat, yet he was elected to the State Senate, in the face of an adverse majority of 3,500 votes. He is esteemed for his many excellent qualities of head and heart, as well as for an integrity that has never even been a subject of discussion. He is a Avorthy representative of the family of one of the early pioneers to this part of Bradford county. It is noAv nearly a 1124 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. . century since his paternal grandfather came to western Bradford, and made his permanent home, and here is Avhere the name of Rockwell is best known and best appreciated. His brothers are all living in west ern Bradford, except J. M. Rockwell, who died in 1889. Azor S. lives on the old homestead, in Troy toAvnship, where his father moved at the time of his marriage, and where he lived until his death, in 1856, and on which farm his brothers and sisters were born. EDWARD ROCKWELL, farmer and stock-grower, Ulster, was born April 19, 1849, at Cincinnatus, Cortland Co., N. Y., and is a son of Chauncy and Wealthy (Gordon) Rockwell. [See sketch of W. H. Rockwell.] He was born and reared on a farm, and his education — a • good one for his day — was received in the schools of Ulster; he resides on the old homestead farm with his mother. His father's house was one of the first buildings erected in Ulster, and was pulled down, in 1868, to make room for the house in which he now resides ; the old homestead farm consists of 165 acres, and is one of the finest in the valley, comprising both river and hill landj and under a magnificent state of cultivation. He and his brother, Albert, manage it in partner ship, using improved farm implements, and are careful in the manner of changing their crops, making the soil richer every year. They raise from six to eight acres of tobacco yearly, besides the other crops. His father's family consisted of nine children, seyen of whom are living, six in this county ; George is in Buffalo, N. Y. Edward RockAvell, who is the seventh child, resides with his mother, who was born at Standing Stone in 1814 ; he is unmarried, is a Republican in politics and is a good neighbor and citizen. ELMER A. ROCKWELL, physician and farmer, Stevensville, was born near his present home, October 2, 1845, a son of Nathan and Delia (White) Rockwell, the former of whom was born, of New Eng land origin, on the farm where Elmer A. now lives, the latter being a native of Windham, N. Y., born of New England and German lineage: the grandfather was a Shaker. In Nathan Rockwell's family there were five children, of Avhom Elmer A., the second in order of birth, was reared on a farm and educated in the common school. On July 23, 1863, he enlisted at Baltimore, Md., in Company C, Third Mary land Cavalry, and served until the close of the war, being mustered out August 14, 1865, at Baltimore. He then began the study of medi cine, Avith Dr. C. H. Warner, continuing three years, at the same time taking the course at Michigan University, where he was graduated in 1868. He practiced successively at Eden ville (Mich.), Stevensville, Gladwin (Mich.), where he was register of deeds one term, and then came to Stevensville, but has practiced but little since, owing to ill health. Dr. Rockwell married Harriet E., daughter of John and Louisa (Redson) Hicks, natives of New York, and of German and American descent. He is a member of the G. A. R., Post No. 86, at Camptown, and in politics he is a Republican. GAMAGE ROCKWELL, farmer, P. 0. Burlington, was born Sep tember 13, 1863, on the farm where he now resides in West Burling ton township, a son of Orlando W. and Mary (Gamage) Rockwell, of English origin and natives of this county; the former was born in HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1125 Troy, and the latter in West Burlington township, this county. The grandfather, Rockwell, who was a pioneer of the township, a farmer and a man of influence, reared a family of ten children, the father of our subject being the sixth in order of birth, and eight of the sons are still living. Hon. Delos Rockwell, of Troy, is a member of the family, and uncle to Gamage. The father is a farmer and lives in West Bur lington. The great-grandfather Gamage is the first of the paternal ancestors of Avhom the family have any knowledge, and was a pioneer of West Burlington township. Gamage Roclnvell, who is the third of five children, was brought up on the farm, and now owns his father's old homestead, one of the finest farms in the township, comprising about one hundred acres; he has a good dairy, and also raises sheep and cattle. Mr. RockAveil was married, September 10, 1886, to Frankie Mead, who was born November 25, 1867, daughter of Francis C. and Helen (Calkins) Mead. Her father, who was a native of Ohio, and by trade a shoemaker, was a soldier in the Civil War and saw a great deal of service, was taken prisioner at Bull Run, and died from exposure soon after he Avas discharged ; his father was a pioneer in the county. To Mr. and Mrs. Rockwell have been born two children: Helen, born April 3, 1887, and Martha, born February 22, 1889. The family are consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. HIRAM L. ROCKWELL, farmer, of Troy township, P. O. Troy, was born in Troy township, this county, December 13, 1831, and is a son of Luther M. and Johanna (Marvin) Rockwell. His paternal grand parents, Samuel and Hannah (Lassell) Rockwell, of Berkshire county, Mass., settled in Canton township in 1804. Luther M., a native of Burlington, Vt., and a farmer, came to Bradford county with his parents in 1804, and spent most of his life in Troy township, clearing and improving the farm now owned by his son Azor S., and died there ; his wife Avas a daughterof Jesse Marvin, a pioneer of Troy toAvnship, and later of Rochester, N. Y. [See sketch of Hon. Delos Rockwell.] Luther M. Rockwell reared a family of nine sons and one daughter, of whom our subject is the eighth child and seventh son. Hiram L. Rock- * well was reared on the old homestead, a part of whieh he now owns ; this he cleared of stones and stumps, making all the improvements in buildings, etc.; it comprises about 135 acres. Mr. Rockwell married twice : his first Avife was Juliet, daughter of Jehel and Maryette (Norman) McKean, of Burlington toAvnship, and by her he had one daughter, Metta (Mrs. Samuel Bennett), who has one son, Hira ; his second wife was Mary McKean, sister of his first wife. Mr. Rockwell is a prominent farmer ; has held various township offices ; is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; and in politics is a Republican. HORACE W. ROCK WELL, proprietor of foundry, Monroeton, was born April 30, 1834, in what is now Troy borough, this county, and is a son of Myron and Mary Ann (Lilly bridge) Rockwell. He was reared in Sullivan township, Tioga Co.,Pa., from six years of age,and was educated 'at Troy Academy. In 1851 he Avent to Monroeton, for three years serving an apprenticeship at the molder's trade, after which he Avorked as a journeyman in Towanda, Athens and Troy, and in 1864 purchased the foundry at Monroeton, where he had learned his trade, which he 66 1126 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. has since successfully conducted. In 1877 he was burned out, but immediately rebuilt on a larger scale, and is now giving employment to fifteen hands in the manufacture of agricultural implements and repairing. He married, in 1865, Hattie Emily, daughter of J. B. M. and Frances M. (Dudley) Hinman, of Monroeton, and by her had the folloAving children: Frances L. (Mrs. Coly J. Beach), Mary-E., Harry H., Verne L. and Inez M. Mr. Rockwell was a member of the Thir teenth Pennsylvania Militia, known as the " emergency men," during the Civil War, served one month, and was then discharged. He is a member of Presbyterian Church, the F. & A. M. and G. A. R. In politics he is a Republican. JOHN ROCKWELL, farmer, P. O. LeRoy, was born in Franklin dale, Pa., a son of Hiram and Dolly (Green) Rockwell, the former a native of Massachusetts, born in 1814, the latter of Delaware county, N. Y., born in 1816. They removed to this county early in life, Avhere Mr. RockAvell followed lumbering, after which he turned his attention to farming; his family consisted of eleven children, nine of whom grew to maturity, as follows : Orator, John, G. K., A. O, Hiram, Cirena, Polly, Louisa and Amelia, and eight of these are now living. Our subject is the second in the family, and was reared and educated in LeRoy; in early life he helped his father in the lumber mill, and at the age of eighteen he enlisted in Company C, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., and served his country all through the war. He was twice wounded, at Chancellorsville and at Spottsylvania. Sep tember 9, 1865, he married Myrtie, daughter of Harry and Mary Kel logg, of LeRoy, the former of Avhom was a native of Connecticut and a noted river man, generally known by the name of " Capt. Kellogg." To them were born eight children, seven of whom are living, viz. : C. L. (married to Minnie Sanford), Flora, Delia, Robert R., Pearl, Marion, Daisy and Harry. During seven years of Mr. Rockwell's life, he devoted his time to mercantile business at LeRoy Centre, in which he Avas quite successful ; afterward he became engaged in general farm ing. He has held various offices of public trust; he is a member of the G. A. R., I. O. O. F., and Patriotic Order Sons of America; polit ically he is a Republican. JOSEPH L.ROCKWELL, miller and farmer, P. O.West Burlington, Avas born April 9, 1843, in Troy toAvnship, this county, a son of Bing ham and Abby (Pierce) Rockwell, natives of Vermont, Avho removed to Bradford county with their parents when children; both families are of English origin. The grandfather, Luther Rockwell, was one of the pioneers of Troy, and was a miller, farmer and lumberman ; he built the mill at West Burlington Avhich Joseph L. now owns. Bingham Rockwell is a farmer living in West Burlington, at the age of seventy- three years, and is a brother of Hon. Delos Rock w ell, of Troy. Joseph L. was twice married: his first wife was Emma Ross (deceased); his second wife Avas Julia Strange, of Tioga county, Pa., and they were married May 27, 1885. Mr. Rockwell's milling business is one of the largest in the county ; he has recently added to the property in repairs and improvements the sum of of $4,000; the mill has both steam and Avater Dower. He also owns a fine farm of about 300 acres on which HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1127 dairying is carried on quite extensively ; he also raises some fine-bred trotting horses, and cattle. Politically he is a Democrat, but gives his attention entirely to his business affairs; he is a member of the Freemasons, and he and his wife are active members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is superintendent of. the Sunday-school; he is one of the thorough-going and substantial business men of the countv. OSCAR H. ROCKWELL, M. D., Monroeton, is a native of Sulli van township, Tioga Co., Pa., born November 23, 1844, and is a son of Myron and Mary A: (Lillybridge) Rockwell. His grandparents, Sam uel and Hannah (LaSelle) Rockwell, came, in 1802, from Vermont to this county, where they settled. Myron Rockwell, father of the sub ject of this memoir, was a native of Canton, this county, having been born there September 20, 1804. He was reared and educated in his native town, and about the year 1840 he located in Sullivan town ship, Tioga county. In 1839 he had been licensed to preach the Gospel in the East Sullivan Baptist Church, of which he had been a member since fifteen years of age; served as pastor for the Baptist Churches in Tioga and Lycoming counties. Throughout his active life he was pre eminent in piety aud Christian zeal, and he practiced what he preached. He passed from earth at Roseville, Tioga county, at the patriarchal age of eighty years nine months and two days. His wife was a daughter of Warren Lillybridge, of Providence, R. I., and by her he became the father of eight children, viz.: Nancy J. (Mrs. Joel Webster), Myron A., Warren A. (deceased), Horace W, Mary E. (Mrs. Ira Bement), Emma P. (Mrs. Frank L. Miller), Oscar II. and Ella £. (Mrs. Marchael Lefler). , Oscar H. Rockwell, whose name opens this sketch, was reared in Tioga county, educated in the common schools, Mansfield Seminary and Troy Academy. In 1868 he came to Monroeton, this county, and in 1870 began the study of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. D. N. Newton. In the fall of 1871 he entered the medical depart ment of the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, and grad uated therefrom in the spring of 1873, since which time he has been in the active practice of his chosen profession at Monroeton. The Doctor was married, December 19, 1870, to Catharine M., daughter of John and Celestia R. (Hinman) Hanson, of Monroeton, and to them has been born one daughter, Mary C. The family are members of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics the Doctor is a Republican. He is a member of Bradford County Medical Society, of which he was president one year. He is a member of the F. & A. M., is past master and secretary of the Lodge at Monroeton; is also a member of the I. O. O. F., and is past grand in the same. SAMUEL A. ROCKWELL (8), farmer, P. O. Gran ville Centre, Pa., was born in Troy borough, this county, August 22, 1825, and is a son of John C. and Harriet (Andrus) Rockwell (7). His paternal grand parents were Samuel and Hannah (Laselle) Rockwell (6), formerly of Lamsboro, Mass., who located in Canton township, this county, in 1804, but later removed to Troy, and afterward returned to Canton, and resided there until their death. Samuel Avas a son of John (5), son of John (4), son of Jonathan (3), son of John (2), a son of John Rock- 1128 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Avell (1), and the first ancestor in America, who sailed from Dorchester, England, in 1641, settling in Stamford, Conn. John C. Rockwell, father of subject, born in Cornwall, Vt., came to Canton with his parents in 1804. He was a shoemaker by trade, and his life was spent in Canton, Troy, LeRoy and Granville toAvnships ; he cleared and improved the farm occupied by subject, and died there. His children were Sylvia (Mrs. Orator Holcomb), Emily (Mrs. John P. Bush), Samuel A., James B., Eliza B., (Mrs. Hiram Stone). Samuel A. Rock well was reared in Troy and LeRoy townships and, in 1846, came to Granville with his father, where he has since resided : he lhTes noAv on the old homestead, where his father and mother both died. He married, October 11, 1849, Hannah, daughter of Eli and Harriet (Bailey) Holcomb, of LeRoy township, and has five children, as follows : Lavinia (Mrs. T. H. Bailey), Ella E. (Mrs. Franklin Saxton), E. Adelle (Mrs. Isaac Blish); J. C. (his only son, married to Josie Morse, of LeRoy) and Phcebe (Mrs. Frank Wilcox). Mr. Rockwell is among the repre sentative farmers of Granville township, and aside from farming, sum mers, he taught school, eighteen winters, when between the age of eighteen and forty. He is a member of the Church of Christ at Gran ville Centre. In politics he is a Republican, and served one term as mercantile appraiser for Bradford county. WILLIAM A. ROCKWELL, farmer, Tuscarora township, P. O. Springfield, was born in Pike, May 22, 1826, and is the eldest of four children of William and Sally (Andrus) Rockwell, the former a native of Connecticut, the latter of Vermont, both being of New England parentage. Our subject was reared on a farm, educated in the com mon school, and at the age of tAventy-one began life for himself, Avorking at the carpenter's and joiner's trade, Avith Wright & Green- ough, in Granville township. On April 15, 1853, he moved to Tusca rora, where he worked at his trade, until he purchased his present home of 100 acres, and has since been chiefly engaged in farm ing, occasionally working at his trade. Mr. Rockwell was married, February 11, 1851, to Miss Mary E., daughter of Thomas and Hannah (Montgomery) Taylor, of Rocksbury, Delaware Co., N. Y.; they have seven children, viz.: Ella O, born February 26, 1853, married to Aden Lyon, farmer, Tuscarora; Eliza I., born April 11, 1856, died June 16, 1875; Herbert V., born October 12,1860; Angie H., born June 11, 1863, and died March 11, 1864; Fred A., born September 12, 1865; Bertha M., born November 11, 1867, married to Gilbert Sumner, Tus carora, and Blennie O., born July 26, 1872. Mr. Rockwell is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Spring Hill, and in politics he has ahvays been honorably identified with the Republican party. W. H. ROCKWELL, farmer and stock-raiser, Ulster, son of Chauncy and Wealthy (Gordon) Rockwell, was born in Cortland county, N. Y.. March 4, 1840. His father was a native of New York, and his mother was born and reared at Standing Stone, this county. His grandfather was one of the early pioneers of Cortland county, moving to that county from Massachusetts in the year 1778 ; all that is known of the early history of the Rockwells is that two brothers by the name of Rockwell came to Massachusetts from England in the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1129 early Colonial times, and to these two brothers the present generation of Rockwells trace their descent. His father's family consisted of eight children, viz.: Charles (deceased), Henry, George, Emmet, Edward, AlbertyEmma and Ella, of Avhom seven are living, six of them being residents of this county; his father remoAred from Cortland county, N. Y., to Ulster in the year 1850, and lived there until his death, in the spring of 1862; his mother survives, is in her seventy- sixth year, and makes her home with her son Edward. He received his early education at the public schools of Ulster, as a farmer's boy of his day, which was, of course, limited. He is one of the largest tobacco groAvers of the county, having supplied his farm with all the improved apparatus and machinery for raising that crop. On Decem ber 12, 1872, he has united in marriage with Lavilla W., daughter of Lorenza and Matilda Watkins ; they have no children. In religious views the family are independent, and have never been associated with any religious organization ; in politics Mr. Rockwell is a Republican ; he has held numerous township offices; owns a fine farm, well improved, consisting mostly of river land, well watered by springs; besides culti vating a large tobacco crop, he devotes considerable attention to sheep- raising, and keeps a small dairy; he has always been successful in his business, and owes his present prosperous condition largely to his own fi"Y"AI'*'i"l ririQ WILLIS N. ROCKWELL, farmer, P. O. West Burlington, was born April 13, 1853, in West Burlington, this county, a son of Alvord P. and Achsa (Harrison) Rockwell, the former of whom was born in Troy township, this county, of English extraction, is a farmer in Burlington township, is now aged seventy years, and is a brother of the Hon. Delos Rockwell, of Troy. The mother of Willis N., whose family were from New England, and of English origin, died at the age of thirty years. There were only two sons, Willis N., and another who is a farmer in West Burlington township. The grandfather, Luther Rock- Avell, was one of the pioneers of the township. The subject of these lines was reared on the farm, and educated in the schools of the town and at Troy. He engaged in farming, which occupation he has fol lowed, and is now the owner of a fine farm of 130 acres, one of the finest locations in the township, and his principal interests are dairying and sheep-raising. He was married, February 27, 1878, to Emma J. Phillips, of Burlington township, who was born February 27, 1852, in Charleston, S. O, a daughter of John M. and Sarah (Petsch) Phillips. Mr. Phillips was a planter in Charleston, S. O, after the Civil War, during which period he was in the employ of the United States Govern ment, in Buffalo, in the transportation of arms from the North. At one time he was owner of a fine farm in West Burlington township, this county; he Avas born in New York State, of English parents, and died at the age of sixty-four years. Mrs. Phillips Avas a native of South Carolina, and her mother was also a native of South Carolina, of English origin. Mr. and Mrs. Rockwell have two children : Achsa, born Feb ruary 28, 1883, and Jennie, born November 19, 1887. He is a Repub lican in politics, and has held the offices of assessor, constable and collector, also other positions of public trust in the township. He is 1130 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. one of the rising young men of the community. Mrs. Rockwell is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. MRS. BETSEY J. RODGERS, Litchfield township, P. O. Litchfield, Avidow of Johnson Rodgers, Avho was a farmer, was born in Orange county, N. Y., May 19, 1818, a daughter of Samuel and Betsey Ball, natives of Orange county, whosettledin Litchfield in 1825, and engaged in farming. Their family consisted of ten children, all of whom grew to maturity. Betsey J.was the eighth in the family, and was reared and edu cated in Litchfield at the common school. On December 28,1840,she mar ried Johnson Rodgers, and to them Avere born the following children : Hudson, born June 17, 1841; Mary, born March 12, 1843, married to Joshua Teerk; John, born January 15, 1845 ; Taylor, born Novem ber 7, 1848, married to Orphie Ellis; Johnson, Jr., born March 15, 1850, married to Julia Maston ; Allen M., born July 1, 1853, married to Jane Goodsell ; Martha, born August 8, 1858, married Wells Horton ; Samuel, born December 1, 1860; Sarah A., born March 31, 1863, and Ann, married to Edward Maynard. Johnson Rodgers was a mill-wright of vast ex perience in his day, and also a competent pilot on the Susquehanna river ; he was a soldier in the Civil War, and served three years in the Army of the Potomac, Company D, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry ; he held the office of lieutenant and was honorably discharged. Mrs. Rodgers is now drawing a pension of fifteen dollars a month, and lives on a farm of 260 acres. RURR ROGERS, painter, Sugar Run, Avas born in Wyoming county, Pa., October 11, 1850, and is a son of William and Olive (Crawford), Rogers, the former a native of Steuben county, N. Y., born of Irish lineage ; the latter a native of Pennsylvania, born of New England origin. Burr Rogers began life for himself at the age of twenty, farming, and two years later learned the cooper's trade, which he folloAved six years ; then Avorked at painting two years, after which he commenced clerking, which business he has since followed. Mr. Rogers was married, November 19, 1870, to Miss Gertrude, daughter of Sterling and Sallie (Williams) Quick, of Wilmot, and this union has resulted in the birth of five children : George F., born October 26, 1871; David M., born October 20, 1876; Jacob J., born May 5, 1879; Henry A., born June 5, 1881, and Anna L., born March 5, 1884. Mr. Rogers is a firm adherent to the principles of the Republican partv. CHARLES S. ROGERS, D.*D. S., Towanda, a native of Forks ville, Sullivan Co., Pa., was born February 5, 1864, a son of Moses A. and Abigail (Potter) Rogers, and of English descent. His maternal grandfather, George W. Potter, was a native of CooperstoAvn, N. Y., and Avasa pioneer foundryman of Towanda; in later life he removed to Sullivan county, Pa., and died there. Charles S., the subject of this memoir, was reared in Sullivan county, and received an academical education at Vineland, N. J. In 1881 he began the study of den tistry, with Dr. Pepper, of Forksville, Pa., and graduated "from the Philadelphia Dental College, in the spring of 1884. He immediately began the practice of his chosen profession at LeRaysville," this county, and in December, 1885, removed to Towanda, where he has been very successful, and built up an extensive practice. He married, September HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1131 24, 1884, Mary, daughter of William C. and Elizabeth (Whitley) Mars- den, of Towanda, and has two children: Charles S., Jr., and Marsden A. Dr. Rogers is a member of the Susquehanna Dental Association, and the Alumni of Philadelphia Dental College; is a member of the I. O. O. F., and in politics is a Republican. JAMES C, ROGERS, Litchfield township, P. O. Athens, was born December 25, 1824, in Sheshequin township, this county, on the farm now owned by James Newman; he is a son of John S. and Maria (Campbell) Rogers. John S. Rogers was a native of Sheshequin town ship, born October 17, 1795; his father removed to this county imme diately after the Revolutionary War, and lived most of his life in Sheshe quin township ; he was a soldier for a time in the Revolutionary War, but the records were destroyed. In his father's family there were five children (three of Avhom are yet living): Almira and Almera (twins, the latter of whom survives and resides on Babb's creek, Tioga county); James O, the subject of this sketch; Eliza M. was married to W. S. Park, and now resides in Colorado ; Orlando S. died in 1875, at Athens. James C. Rogers, the subject of the sketch, was reared. on his father's farm in Sheshequin township, and received a common- school education. He finished school when seventeen years of age, and moved from Sheshequin to Litchfield, April 18, 1840, and resided on the farm now OAvned by Chas. Green, seven years, then purchased a farm, which was then a wilderness, which he cleared and improved. His first business was lumbering, which he followed twelve years. He noAv OAvns seventy-five acres, about sixty-fiATe of which are culti vated ; he keeps a dairy for family use, and has accumulated the prop erty by his own exertions. His parents moved with him and resided there until their death. He was married, February 15< 1860, to Jane A., daughter of Benjamin F. and Sarah (Depue) Watkins ; she died August 31, 1890. To them was born one child, O. S., now twenty- eight years of age, who resides at home with his father. Mr. Rogers is a member of the I. O. O. F., Valley Lodge, No. 446 ; in politics he affiliates with the Democratic party ; he has held the offices of assessor, road commissioner, auditor, and judge of election. - JOHN A. ROGERS, farmer, Wilmot 'township, P. 0. Elwell, was born December 26, 1827, at Pillar Point, N. Y., and is a son of Hugh arid Caroline (Sage) Rogers, the former a native of New York, and of Irish descent, the latter a native of Massachusetts, and of New England parentage. His paternal ancestor in this country (Rogers) was a pas senger onthe "Mayflower." John A.Rogers was educatedin the common school and Wyoming Seminary, and began life for himself at the age of twenty-six, lumbering in Wyoming county, Pa., where he remained five years ; then removed to his present home, and has since given his attention to farming chiefly, occasionally to lumbering. Mr. Rogers was married, December 15, 1857, to Miss Phebe L., daughter of John and Louisa (Stannard) Brizse, of Chenango county, N. Y., and they have one son, John B., born August 5, 1859, and married, to Mary L, daughter of A. Porter and Sarah (Crandall) Oliver, of Wyoming county, Pa.; he is engaged with his father on the farm. John A. Rogers 1132 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Wilmot Centre, and in politics is a Republican. HENRY C. ROLISON, proprietor of Farmers' Mills, Troy, was born in Alba, this county, March 13, 1853, and is a son of Nathan and Arminda (Riggs) Rolison, natives of Sussex county, N. 3., who settled in Canton township, this county, about 1835, and cleared and improved a farm, on which they lived until the death of Mrs. Rolison, in 1864, Avhen Mr. Rolison returned to New Jersey , he came back to this county and died here in 1888 ; he had eleven children Avho grew to maturity : Martha (Mrs. G. H. Nelson), John, Lewis, Ruth (Mrs. J. S. Wilcox), Squire and Uriah (twins), Cornelius, Jane (Mrs. A. J. Hume), Alanson, Henry C. and Perry. Henry C. Rolison, the subject of the sketch, was reared in Canton, educated in the common schools, and, at the age of fourteen, was apprenticed to the miller's trade, which occupation he has followed to the present time, and, since 1883, has been the proprietor of the Farmers' Mills, at Troy. He was twice married : first time to Emma J., daughter of Asa and Mary (Harding) Pratt, of Canton, by Avhom he had two chil dren : Florence A. and Herbert H.; she died January 1, 1888, and Mr. Rolison afterward married Nell E., daughter of Rev. A. M. and Julia (Pardee) Weston, of Indiana, and by her has one daughter, Grace I. Mr. Rolison is a member of the Disciple Church ; in politics he is a Republican. JOSEPH L. ROOF, farmer, Franklin township, P. O. Franklindale, was born in Franklin, this county, February 11, 1847, a son of James and Emeline (Lantz) Roof, the former of Avhom was born in Newton, Sussex Co., N. J., and the latter in. Franklin. The father was a son of Jacob and Mary (Struble) Roof, natives of Germany, who came to this country about 1785, locating in Sussex county, N. J., near the batiks of the "Paulius Kill," where he (Jacob) died about 1860 ; his family consisted of nine children, of whom James, the fifth in order of birth, removed to this county in 1830,'and in 1843 married Miss Emeline Lantz, which union resulted in the birth of three daughters and one son, the subject of this sketch. Mrs. Roof, the mother of Joseph L., died February 15, 1889. James Roof and his wife lived on their present place nearly fifty years, where she died. Our subject ¦ was reared and educated at Franklin, excepting one term at the State Normal School, Mansfield, Tioga Co., Pa., and one term at the Susque hanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda. On March 24, 1874, he married, at Franklindale, Miss Ella, daughter of Stern and Wiimina McKee, and to this union were born two children : J. Raymond, born October 3, 1875, and Mina Emeline, born December 23, 1878. Mrs. Roof is a great-granddaughter of Leonard McKee, one of the first settlers. Mr. Roof is a thrifty farmer and is successful in his enterprises; he has owned some very fine-blooded horses; he lives on a farm of 106 acres, and has a peach orchard of 500 trees ; he is a Democrat in politics. THOMAS JEFFERSON ROOF, farmer, Standing Stone town ship, P. 0. Rummerfield, was born in Wysox township, this county, July 11, 1835, son of Charles Roof, who was born in Sussex county, N. J., February 12, 1809, and was a son of Jacob Roof, also a native HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1133 of New Jersey, who married Hannah Struble. Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Roof had a large family: the eldest son, Charles, married Maria, daughter of Peter Lantz, another native of New Jersey, and they had three children: Sophie Elizabeth, who wTas twice married, her first husband being Joel Huff, and the second, Jonathan Stevens; Thomas Jefferson and Hender son. When Charles Roof first came to this county he lived in Wysox three years, then removed to Frenchtown, where he lived until 1842, and then purchased a farm in this township from H. W. Tracy, of about one hun dred and fifty-four acres, and in 1857 added thereto 186 acres ; he was a very successful farmer, and a member of the Baptist Church. Thomas J., the subject of this sketch, attended the district school until his twenty- first year, then worked at home until 1860, when he began for him self, on a portion of his father's farm, 186 acres, Avhich was willed to him at his father's death. He purchased, in 1869, of William Hager- dorn, sixty-four acres, and in 1881, of Miles Ried, sixty-two acres, and in 1883, of Joseph Powell, fifty-four acres. He has been very success ful in all his undertakings, has been school director twelve years, also road commissioner twelve years, and, as his name indicates, is a Demo crat. He married, March 18, 1860, Elizabeth Roe, daughter of David and Saphire Dennis Roe (she is the eldest of seven children, natives of New Jersey), and of this marriage there are nine children, as follows: Emma, Ella, Chauncey, Mary, Samuel, Frederick, Sarah, Denton and Susie. ALBERT S. ROSS, merchant, Wyalusing, was born at Rockey Forest, Wyoming county, January 25, 1848. and is a son of George G. and Melissa (Myers) Ross, the former a native of Connecticut, and the latter of Pennsylvania. His mother was of German origin, and her grandfather was a soldier in the Hessian Army, during the War of the Revolution; he deserted, and to avoid capture concealed himself in the woods, where provisions were carried to him by the maiden who after ward became his wife. After their marriage they settled in Wyoming county, about eighteen miles back from Laceyville. Albert's ancestors, on his father's side, were Scotch, and his great-grandmother was a Duball, sister of the author of Duball's Arithmetic. George G. Ross was a blacksmith, and worked at various points in Bradford and Wyoming counties, and in Wyalusing, over thirty-five years ago; he died in Wyoming oounty, February 7, 1890, aged seventy-three, his wife having died about two years previously. They had three children, of whom the eldest died in infancy. Anise Avas married to a Mr. Lee, and died in the West. Albert S. is the youngest and only living member of the family; he passed his boyhood in different localities in Bradford and Wyoming counties, and was educated in the common schools. When only sixteen years old, March 8, 1864, he enlisted in Company G, Fiftieth P. V. V". I. He was discharged, with his regi ment, July 5, 1865, having participated in the following engagements: Weldon Railroad, Hatcher's Run, Peebles Farm, Petersburg and the Siege of Petersburg; then was sent to Broad's Crossing, on the South Side Railroad, where he remained until after the surrender of Lee, Avhen he started for the front. Upon enlisting, through some mistake, he was sent to join the Army of the West, at Nashville; was stricken 1134 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Avith the measles, and sent to hospital, and was shortly after transferred to Louisville, Ky., and then to NeAV Albany, Ind. After his recovery he again started to the front, and joined Sherman's army, at Atlanta, and from there he was sent to his regiment at Horse Shoe, close to Peters burg. After his return home he worked with his father in the shop, and learned the blacksmith's trade, and worked at it until his failing health compelled him to abandon this labor, and for about six years he followed huckstering and teaching, after which he resumed his trade, and folloAved it about two years; then gave it up, as his health Avas undermined by his military hardships, and would not permit his fol lowing manual labor. After working at various places in Wyoming and Bradford counties, in 1887, he came to Wyalusing, and entered the grocery business, where he has since been, and has a complete line of groceries and provisions, cigars, tobacco, smokers' supplies, lamps and fixtures. He was united in marriage, January 1, 1875, with Helen Gory, and they have one child, Jessie L., born November 13, 1881. Mr. Ross is a member of the Republican party, but does not take an active interest in politics. CHARLES H. ROSS, farmer, Ulster township, P. O. Ulster, was born in Burlington, this county, August 11, 1864, and is the son of Benjamin and Ennico (Swain) Ross, farmers. Charles H. Ross was reared on a farm, educated in the common schools and the Susque hanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda; he then taught school six months, and engaged as traveling salesman for the Eureka Mower Company, three months, then began farming. He Avas married, April 8, 1886, to Mable, daughter of Isaac and Adaline (Myers) Carpenter, and the fruits of this marriage are : Winnie, born February 20, 1887, and Madge, born July 6, 1891. Mr. Ross is a member of the Iron Hall, No. 886, and fills the chair of accountant ; is also a member of the Golden Cycle, and fills the chair of chaplain. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he holds the office of steward, and he is a Republican in politics. HENRY A. ROSS, merchant, Pike toAvnship, was born in Pike township, this county, September 22, 1835, a son of Nelson and Eliza W. (Bosworth) Ross, the former of whom was a native of Connecticut, of New England origin. In their family there were five children, of whom Henry A. is the second. Our subject was reared on a farm, educated in the common school, LeRaysville graded school, and Hol land Patent Academy. He began life for himself at the age of tAventy- five, and for six years was occupied in farming; in 1867 he engaged Avith E. B. Stone in the mercantile and milling business, and in 1870 he built his present store. He was in business alone, six years, then with R. Stevens, four years, afterward with Lacy Stevens, seven years, and in 1887 the firm of Ross, Stevens & Jones was organized. Mr. Ross was married October 8, 1861, to Sarah V., daughter of Myron and Susan (Bosworth) Stevens, and they had two children : George H., born March 11, 1863, died August 24, 1864; Nellie, born June 26, 1866, married Charles F. Jones. Mrs. Sarah V. Ross died July 5, 1885, and Mr. Ross was married June 6, 1888, to Miss Maggie J., daughter of John and Nancy (Irwin) Haney, natives of Ireland. Mr. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1135 and Mrs. Ross are members of the Presbyterian Church, of Avhich he is elder and trustee; he is a Republican, and has held the offices of con stable and collector; Avas appointed postmaster in 1871, released in 1885, reappointed in 1889, and is uoav in possession of that office. WILLIAM F. ROSS, farmer, Smithfield township, P. O. Burling ton, Avas born, April 21, 1821, in Burlington, this county, a son of John and Hannah (Head) Ross, natives of Pennsylvania, of Irish and Dutch ancestry. The father was a blacksmith in Burlington borough many years, and died in Granville, at the age of ninety-three ; the mother died in Ulster, at about the same age. The grandfather, David Ross, Avas a pioneer of Burlington, settling, in the early part of this century, about one and one-half miles east of the borough, Avhere he cleared a large farm ; he died in Granville at the age of sixty-four years. William F. Ross learned the blacksmith's trade with his father, which he has continued most of his life; recently he purchased a farm in the south part of Smithfield, where he now resides. On February 15, 1842, he married Clarissa, daughter of Thomas and Betsey (Law) Smith, natives of NeAvburg, and of Welsh and Irish origin (she was born in Newburg, N. Y., February 23, 1820 ; her parents came to Bradford county, in 1825, settling in Burlington, and on a claim at Mountain Lake, and cleared the farm now owned by David S. Lenox, where the father died at the age of eighty-one years, and the mother aged eighty-two). Mr. and Mrs. Ross have had six children, as follows : Marion, Wilmot (deceased), Devellum, Edith, Isabell and Arthur. Wilmot was a soldier in the Civil War, and lost his life there, and the mother now draws a pension on his account. Mr. Ross is a Republican. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. DEVELLUM ROSS, farmer, P. O. Burlington, was born in Colum bia township, this county, July 29, 1849, a son of William F. and Clarissa L. (Smith) Ross, the former of English and Irish extraction, a native of Burlington, and the latter of Welsh origin, a native of New burg, N. Y., both of whom are living. The father had been a black smith a great many years, mostly at Burlington, but is now a farmer in Smithfield ; his parents were John and Hannah (Head) Ross, the father a native of Pennsylvania. The paternal great-great-grandfather of our subject was David Ross, one of the pioneers of Burlington, and experienced all of the privations of the early settlers ; he settled on a claim about one-half mile east of the village, and Avas a farmer all of his life. Our subject was reared on a farm, and Avhen he reached his majority Avas engaged in farming on his own account. He is now the owner of a fine farm in a beautiful location on a high elevation in the north part of the township ; he is mostly engaged in raising horses, with a general farming business. He was twice mar ried ; his first wife Avas Elizabeth Fletcher, of Smithfield, born in 1851, died August 6,- 1887, and on May 27, 1888, he married Mrs. Nellie (Camp) Gustin, of Burlington (she was born in Herrick town ship, April 21, 1856, a daughter of Hiram and Margaret (Lum) Camp, old settlers of that township). Mrs. Ross has one daughter by her former husband, Florence M., born July 16, 18 — . Mr. Ross is a Republican in politics, but takes no great interest in the affairs of the 1136 HISTORY OF BRADFORD. COUNTY. party. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is one of the substantial business men of the community. JOHN H. ROWE, farmer, Smithfield township, P. O. Ulster, born in Smithfield, this county, February 7, 1844, a son of William L. and Rhoda A. (Williams) Rowe, the former a native of NeAV Jersey and the latter of Connecticut. The father came to this county in 1825, and was a journeyman shoemaker and a great traveler. The Will- iamses were among the first settlers in Smithfield. Mr. Rowe, who is the fifth in a family of ten children, was reared on his father's farm, and educated in the schools of the township. When he was seventeen years of age he enlisted in Company H, Fifty-seventh P. V. I., and Avas in the service over three years, in twenty-five hard-fought battles and numerous minor engagements. He Avas Avounded twice, and was a prisoner four months in Belle Isle and Libby Prison; he is a pen sioner and a member of the G. A. R. On May 10, 1868, Mr. Rowe married Ann Elizabeth Smith, of Smithfield, who was born September 1, 1848. They have had one child, Arthur M., born November 21, 1874~ Mr. Rowe has been a successful man, and is now the owner of a fine, well-improved farm; he is a Republican in politics, and takes an active interest in the affairs of the party. WILLIAM S. ROWE, mechanic, Orwell, was born in South Danby, N. Y., August 4, 1838, and is a son of John and Rebecca (Struble) Rowe, the former of whom was a native of New Haven, Conn., and the latter of Ithaca, N. Y., both of English origin. His father was born in 1794, a son of Robert Rowe, also a native of Connecticut; of hisgrand- father's family, he has remembrance of four boys and two girls, of Avhom Ira and Henry lived their lives out in Connecticut, John (the father), came to Bradford and located in Rome, and Truman also came to Bradford, locating in Springfield tov/nship; of the girls, Jane remained in Connecticut, while Larinda came to Bradford, married Mr. Olmstead and located in Sayre. John Rowe, father of subject, Avas a farmer/and came here in 1840, buying the tract of land now owned by Frank VanLoon, but sold and removed to Sheshequin, Avhere he died July 6, \1870. He was three times married, the first time to Rebecca Struble, by whom he had the following children : Ira and James, deceased ; Wealthy Ann, married to Daniel Eiklor ; Larinda', married to Ezra Chandler ; Elizabeth, married to Hiram Morris, both deceased ; Sarah, married to Austin Russell ; William S.; Rebecca, deceased. His second Avife was Lucinda Fletcher, by Avhom he had the folloAving children: James F.; Catherine, married to Jesse Denmark. His third wife was Mrs. Abigail Jane Lines, Avidow of Harry Lines, of Connecticut, daughter of John and Margaret (Strope) Parks ; by her first marriage she had the follo.wing children: Elizabeth M., Mrs. Rowe ; Mary A., married to Albert Conklin, whom she survives ; John M.; Elmira R., married to Dillis Bennett; Morris H. By her second marriage she had the following : twin daughters, Ada and Ida, married to List Chilson and James Lockabee. respectively ; Elashu W. and Frank Henry. The mother died when W. S. Rowe was four years old, and when thirteen he left his father's home and went to Peter Allen's; then to Harry Clark's, where he made his home until he HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1137 reached his majority. He received a common-school education, and worked on the farm. He began working at his trade of mason after reaching his majority, and soon became an expert at it, and has been doing extensive contract work on bridges, etc., during the past twelve years. Mr. Rowe was united in wedlock, November 8, 1855, with Elizabeth M. Lines, and has had a family of eight children, as follows : Mary A., born September 25, 1856, married to Landon Jackson, of Warren, Pa.; Leslie O., born July 12, 1858, died, aged seven ; Lottie J., born January 29, 1860, married to Charles W. Lines, of Connecticut ; Walter V., born December 15, 1862, married to Lizzie Middaugh, and resides in Orwell ; Ida E., born November 19, 1864, died in infancy ; Leslie E., born March 27, 1866, and died at the age of four years ; Charles E., born February 16, 1868, died in his second year ; Francis W., born December 25, 1874, and is residing Avith his parents. The family worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is a Repub lican. Mr. and Mrs. Rowe have lived in their present residence since 1859, where they enjoy the society of a large circle of friends and neighbors. WALTER V. ROWE, mechanic, Orwell, was born in Orwell town ship, this county, December 15, 1862, spent his boyhood there and attended the common schools, and the academy at Orwell Hill. ' When nineteen years of age he found employment in a music store at Owego, with John Thompson, and was there three years ; then Avent to Avork with his father to learn the trade of a stone-mason, and has followed that occupation six years. The principal part of his work has been done on this side of the river, working mostly with his father, and assisting him on the public Avorks in this county, but he sometimes takes work on his own account. On NoATember 1, 1886, he married Lizzie, second child of William and Mary (Yetter) Middaugh, and to this union have been born three children ; Lottie, born August 26, 1887; Charles, born November 6, 1888, and Ethel, born August 26, 1890. Mr. Rowe has been for some time engaged in buying and shipping hay and buck wheat. He is recognized as one of the thrifty and industrious men of the county; politically he is a Republican. PROF. LINCOLN E. ROWLEY, principal of schools, Athens, is a native of Schoharie county, N. Y., a son of Alfred W. and Susan (Defandorf) Rowley, natives of New York State, the former of whom was a farmer and died in Schoharie county, N. Y., in February, 1887, in his sixty-sixth year; Susan Rowley died in 1867, in her forty-fifth year. Lincoln E. Rowley, who is the youngest in a family of six chil dren, was graduated at Cazenovia Seminary, Madison county, N. Y., in the spring of 1884, and attended the Syracuse University two years. He Avas elected principal of the public and high schools of Sidney, N. Y., in the fall of 1886; he was elected principal of the Athens schools in 1889, and re-elected in 1890 and 1891. Prof. RoAvley Avas united in marriage at Sidney, N. Y., with Miss Martha Butler, a daughter of William and Catherine (Chawogo) Butler, natives of N. Y., and is the eldest in a family of three children. Prof, and Mrs. Rowley are mem bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church; politically he is a Republican. 1138 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. A. RUFF, superintendent for E. B. Stone «fc Company, Wyalusing, was born in Stroudsburg, Monroe Co., Pa., a son of Godfrey and Cath erine (Posinger) Ruff. His father was born in Veternburg, German}', and his mother in this State, her parents being natives of Germany; iiis parents reside in Wyalusing. Godfrey Ruff was a soldier in the Civil War, and is a pensioner. Their daughter, Clara, married Henry Smith, a hardware merchant of Wyalusing, and is deceased; Frank, the eldest of the familv, died in 1891, at Wyalusing; SteAvard, brake- man on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, resides at Wyalusing. A. Ruff, the subject of this sketch, passed his boyhood in the vicinity of Strouds burg, and until sixteen attended the schools of that city, then folio Aved farming until 1880, when he came to Wyalusing, and shortly afterward eutered the employ of BosAvorth, Stone & Company, where he has, by close application to business, and careful watch over his employer's interest, climbed steadily toAvard the top, until he noAv fills the posi tion of general superintendent. He was united in marriage, October 17, 1S83, with Minnie R. Gaylord, daughter of Joseph and Lorinda H. (Jayne) Gaylord. This union has been blessed with four children : Charles S., born February 25, 1885; Anna L., born March 12. 1SS6; Joseph G., born January 8, 1SSS, and Emma, born November 25, 1889. Mr. Ruff is identified with the Democratic party; has held the various town and borough offices, and is now auditor. He has made his way Avithout assistance, and has been very successful. He OAvns a beautiful home at the corner of Senate and Second streets, which he built in 1885. DAVID M. RUNDELL, farmer, P. O. West Burlington, was born in Burlington, this county, October 21, 1851, a son of Lorenzo M. and Susan (Lane) Rundell, natives of Bradford county, the former of French origin, the latter of Irish. The father, Avho Avas a Methodist preacher many years, spent the latter part of his life on the farm, and died in 1880, at the age of sixty -three years; the mother, now aged sixty-six years, is living with her son. The grandfathers were both pioneers and preachers in the Methodist Church; the maternal grandfather died about 1831, at the age of sixty years. Mr. Rundell Avas married October 21, 1879, to Lettie McKean, of West Burlington, Avho was born October 21, 1857, a daughter of Jesse B. and Mary (Van Dyke) McKean, farmers and natives of this county, of Scotch-Irish origin, the former of whom died January 10, 1891, at the age of seventy-four years ; the mother is living with her daughter at the age of seventy years. Grandfather Van Dyke was one of the pioneers of ToAvanda township. To Mr. and Mrs. Rundell have been born two children : Clare, born in 1881, and Bertha, born in 1885. The family reside on the old McKean homestead, a fine farm of 145 acres, Avhich Mr. Rundell owns as well as two other farms of sixty-five and eighty-three acres, respectively, also in Burlington township; dairying, sheep-raising and tobacco- groAving are here carried on quite extensively ; the eighty -three-acre farm lies on the shore of the famous Mountain Lake on Avhich Mr. Rundell contemplates opening a fine summer resort. He is a Repub lican, and has been assessor and held other offices of public trust. The family are consistent and faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1139 Church, of which he is a steAvard, and they are workers in the Sunday- school. WILLIAM S. RUNDELL, farmer, P. O. Towanda, was born in Burlington township, this county, May 10, 1824, and is a son of David and Polly (Ensign) Rundell. David Rundell came to this State from France when a young man, and was a pioneer Protestant Methodist preacher, and Avas one of the founders of that church in America. He rode on horseback many thousands of miles over the mountains of Pennsyhania, and made the trip a great many times between his home and Philadelphia. He was at one time the OAvner of the Minnequa Springs farm, and at the time of his death had improved it and given it some of its reputation as a health resort. William S. Rundell is the youngest in a family of nine children ; he was married November 17, 1843, to Nancy, the eldest of the five children of Joshua and Polly (Gregg) Bailey, of French ancestry, born February 26, 1825, in the township in which she now resides. They have had ten children, four of whom are now living, as folloAvs : Milton L., born April 15, 1846; Lorenzo B., born July 3, 1848 ; William A., born May 11, 1857; and Nancy A., born May '19, 1865, all of whom are married and prosperous. Mr. Rundell settled on his present farm forty- one years ago, and has since lived here, ah honorable and honored citizen, and a prosperous tiller of the soil. His farm is under a fine state of cultivation, Avhile with his general farming he has combined that of tobacco and stock- raising. He is a member of the I. O. O. F., a Republican in politics, but independent in his voting, and has been a school director for seven teen years. ASA RUSSELL, farmer, P. O. Orwell, was born in Orwell town ship, this county, December 25, 1853, and is a son of Burton and Sallie (Elsworth) Russell. His father was a son of Dan Russell, the first settler of Orwell township, Avho came from Vermont and settled on Wysox creek, in 1796. Burton Russell was born in Orwell township, September 8, 1806, and was married March 16, 1831. His family con sisted of the folloAving children: Mary A., born November 12, 1833, married to William Harrington; Helen M., born June 7, 1836, married to Amos Jillson; Dan E., born December 29, 1839, married to Matilda Maston ; Sophronia L., born May 21, 1842, died March 2, 1845; Mer cur J., born November 8, 1844, married to Anna Statia Russell, November 9, 1869; Ralph L., born February 8,1847, married to Mary Kennedy; Samuel O, born May 6, 1851, died July 26, 1868, and Asa. The father died in 1877, and the mother July 6, 1870. Burton Russell was reared on the old Russell homestead, Avhich is now occupied by Stephen Russell, and, after reaching his majority, removed to the neighborhood where Asa now lives, and settled on a tract of the wil-. derness, Avhich he at once commenced to improve, and built the first frame house in that neighborhood, and owned about six hundred acres of land, and some of the buildings he erected are yet standing. He had to make a journey to Harrisburg on foot, to complete his title. He followed lumbering extensively, and made numerous trips on rafts down the Susquehanna river. Tavo of his sons, Ralph and Dan, served in the Union army. Asa passed his boyhood on the farm, and received 1140 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. his education in the common school and at Orwell Hill Academy; when eighteen years old he commenced teaching, and taught three winters in Montour county, and two in Luzerne, then came home and has fol lowed farming since. He noAv owns 110 acres of fine farm land, which he has improved by erecting comfortable and commodious farm build ings, and has his farm well stocked. He was united in wedlock, July 4, 1876, with Sarah' Hendershot, of Orwell, and to them have been born three children: Harry L., born November 15, 1883; Gertie, born July 26, 1887, and Mabel, born January 21, 1889. Mercur J. Russell was born and reared on a farm, has successfully folloAved farming, and now owns eighty acres of highly improved land. He has a family of three children: Cora, Burton and John M. Both brothers are members of the K. of H., and are stanch Republicans in their politics. CHARLES P. RUSSELL, farmer and stock-grower, of Windham township, P. 0. Lix, is a native of Rome township, this county, born May 22, 1834, and is a son of Reuben and Sarah (Eiklor) Russell, of Pennsyl vania and New York, respectively, and of remote Irish and German extraction. The father, who Avas a carpenter and a well-esteemed and good citizen, died in 1876 ; the mother survives. In their family were ten children, of Avhom Charles P. is the sixth. He was reared in the place of his nativity, and had access to the schools of the vicinity in a moderate way, but sufficient for a fair education in the rudiments of learning, and during his minority he learned the carpenter's trade in his father's shop. These were his only aids in starting in life for him self. On August 5, 1862, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Forty- first Regiment, P. V. I., Company I. To name the command he was in tells the terrible story of war for all its members, a regiment that stands pre-eminent in the annals of that struggle. At the battle of Fredericksburg the first and second fingers of his right hand were taken off by a gunshot, and he had to go three days before he could secure a surgeon's attention ; in the meantime lockjaAv and death impended. Afterward he was attacked with typhoid fever, and also small-pox, and finally was discharged from the hospital and service and returned home. Mr. Russell was married in Sheshequin, to Mrs. Clotilda Chandler, daughter of Nathaniel and Catherine Courad, natives of NeW York, she being the second in a family of nine children. Her first husband was Allen Chandler, who died" in the army, a soldier in Company D, Seventeenth Pennsylvania Cavalry, and when his regi ment was captured on the Potomac he escaped, but from exposure he contracted a fatal sickness. He left one child, Linda J., wife of George Strope. Mr. and Mrs. Charles P. Russell have one child, Allen, Avho is a farmer. Our subject and wife live on the farm owifed by the latter. JUDGE C. S. RUSSELL is the leader in the insurance and real estate businesses in Towanda. He is a native of the county, having been born in Windham township, May 13, 1824. His parents, Julius and Eliza (Seymour) Russell, came from Connecticut, and Avere of the distinguished stock which has faced and subdued all obstacles and hardships in making the country what it now is. The grandfather, John Russell, folloiving the Avestward current of his day, removed HISTORY OF BRADFORD OOUNTY. 1141 West, in the year 1800, and settled in the town of Owego, Tioga Co., N. Y., but on account of continued sickness in his family returned to Connecticut in 1804. In 1814 he again turned his steps westward, and this time became a citizen of this county by purchasing a farm, and settled in Orwell township, bringing with him Julius (the sixth of seven sons), who was born in 1796, and Avas eighteen years of age when the family came to this county. The young man remained with his parents (to'whom eight daughters were also born) until he was twenty -one, when he returned to the old home in Connecticut, where he learned a trade, and in 1823 was married to Eliza Seymour, who came Avith him to Bradford county, and to the small dwelling prepared for them in Windham township. They Avere diligent in Avork, as they had chosen it, careful in the management of the farm, and solicitous for the welfare of the children who came to brighten their home and assist their labors. The respect which they com manded at home widened in its circle of influence, and in 1842, by an almost spontaneous movement, the people elected Julius Russell to the office of register and recorder of the county. He had not long been installed in office when circumstances determined him to bring his son Chauncey, then eighteen years old, to Towanda, to make him clerk and, if competent, his deputy in office. The proposal was to the young man like thunder from the clear sky. His horizon of work had been bounded by the labors and duties of the farm, and any reason able ambition might well be satisfied in the grand work of developing the new country. But the father had command of the situation, and with reluctance the young man left his first home and entered the register and recorder's office at the county seat. This was the first turning point of his life, for from that day he has been a citizen of ToAvanda. His father continued for a quarter of a century to watch the son's progress, and died in 1868, at the old farm home, full of years, and the respect o'f all who knew him, followed to his grave by a wide circle of friends. The son progressed rapidly as deputy in his father's office, fully mastering the business, and by his suavity, promptness and diligence making himself acceptable to all. When his father's term of office had passed, he Avas tendered the place of deputy prothonotary, and was in this pos.tion from 1845 to 1848, when he was appointed clerk to the commissioners of the county, and continued in that office until 1851. He then left the court-house and engaged in the hardware trade in Towanda, with D. C. Hali as a partner, and soon had built an exten sive trade. Closing. out this establishment in 1858, he accepted the employ of the Farmers' Union Insurance Company, of Athens, and was its secretary$and traveling agent two years. In 1860, in company Avith John A* Codding, he returned to the hardware business and, resuming at the old stand, and so remained until 1876. In 1873 he was nominated by the Democracy for the office of associate judge, and in the face of and adverse majority of 4,000 he was elected, the only Democrat on the ticket Avho did not suffer defeat. He was the last associate judge of Bradford county, and it will remain a part of the history of the county that his influence was manifest far more during 67 1142 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. his term than had ever been the case with any other associate judge in this portion of the State. He honestly believed that saloon licenses were not a public necessity, and, having the courage of his convictions, it is only necessary to say that the last two years of his incumbency of the judgeship Bradford was a " dry county," so far as saloons were concerned. Since 1876 he has been engaged in insurance and real estate, and conducts an extensive business. He filled the responsible position of burgess of Towanda eight successive years. As a business man, farmer, official both in county and borough, he has ever main tained a high position of respectability and public confidence, possess ing a moral courage that has never been questioned, and his honor as a man and official has never even been discussed. Judge Russell Avas married in Wysox township, September 20, 1853, to Miss Mary P., daughter of Robert and Aurelia (Satterlee) Spalding, a great-granddaughter of Gen. Spalding of Revolutionary fame, and, on her mother's side of the line of Elisha Satterlee, one of the distinguished early pioneers. Judge and Mrs. Russell are mem bers of the Universalist Church, of which he is secretary and trustee. He is a prominent Mason of the thirty-second degree, and is one of the oldest members of the fraternity in the countv. He has likewise for many years filled official and foremost places in the Order of Odd Fellowship. He is a man of such broad and generous public spirit that he sacrificed a fortune of no small proportions trying to develop the manufacturing interests of the county, and then commenced again at the bottom of the ladder to toil and climb toward the top, and suc cess crowned his efforts. DANIEL E. RUSSELL, postmaster, Windham Centre, one of the prominent citizens of Windham township, was born in Orwell township, this county, December 29, 1839, a son of Burton and Sally (Ellsworth) Russell, natives of Bradford county. The Russells have always been agricultural people. The father died on his farm in 1877, having been preceded to the grave by his companion and helpmeet in 1872. Their family consisted of six children, of whom Daniel E. is the third in the order of birth. He spent his young life and greAV to manhood on his father's farm in Orwell, Avas educated in the public schools, and com menced life on his oavu account a farmer, and in time became the pos sessor of 110 acres of farm land and a pleasant home, which, owing to wounds received in the army, he Avas compelled to sell on account of physical inability to attend to the same. He Avas married in Litchfield toAvnship to Nancy M., daughter of James R. and Thedotia (Merrill) Mastin, of New York and Pennsylvania, respectively. He enlisted in the army in 1864 in Company E,One Hundred and Seventy-ninth Reg iment New York Infantry. He Avas in the Army o"the Potomac in front of Petersburg. October 12, 1864, Avhile assisting to mount a large cannon at Fort Welch, a shot from the enemy struck the fort, and the shock and fall that he received caused paralysis, from which he has but partially recovered. He was sent to the hospital at City Point, then to Alexandria, Avhere he Avas discharged March 7, 1865. Cyrus Cook, an uncle, was obliged to take him home, and even when he bought his farm he had to be carried on a bed to see it. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1143 JOSEPH P. RUSSELL, farmer and stock-grower, Windham toAvnship, P. O. North OrAvell, is a native of Windham township, this county, bdrn May 9, 1844, a son of Austin and Annes (Bates) Russell, natiAres of Pennsylvania and Connecticut, respectively, and of English stock, a family that followed agriculture. The father died in 1853 ; the mother is noAv living, at the age of seventy-eight. ' Their family consisted of eight children, of whom Joseph is the fourth. He greAv to his majority in his native place, and Avorked on the farm in summer, attending school in winter. On June 20, 1862, he enlisted in the One Hundred and Ninth N. Y. V. I., Company K, and was sent at once to the Army of the Potomac ; was in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House, North Anna, Cold Harbor, and Petersburg, where he was taken prisoner, July 30, 1864, and Avas sent to Danville prison ; here he remained seven months, when he was taken out, Feb ruary 22, 1865, and had the luxury of reposing one night in Libby Prison. He barely tipped the scales at sixty pounds, after being two weeks at home, prior to which he would probably have required apoth ecary scales; he was unable to walk Avhen he came home, so crawled on his hands and knees into the house. When before Petersburg, he was standing with Edwin Wilber before a porthole, reading a paper, when a ball entered, grazing his scalp and killing Wilber instantly. Qn making a charge on the breastwork at Petersburg, twenty-nine of his company were killed, but three escaped, of whom he was one. Mr. Russell describes the dead on the ground after the battle as thick enough to walk on ; and, in looking them over, he found his old and dear friend, Alexander Atherton. In the battle of the Wilderness, Mr. Russell's clothes were riddled by bullets; there were four holes shot in his hat, and his haversack was shot off, in consequence of which it cost him fifty cents to get water to cook his supper. His prison life, like that of many others of the poor fellows, he says, was " worse than any nightmare! " He saw an unfortunate German shot dead for daring to look out of a Avindow. The prisoners had a daily allowance of one- pound rations, of the rankest quality, and more than one contrh'eri to catch rats and mice, and eat them! Mr. Russell was united in marriage with Emelia Tanner, daughter of Henry D. and Olive E. Tanner, nathTes of New York, and of this marriage there are five children : Austin H., Elec, Lottie B., Hattie C. and Ofive E. Henry D. Tanner, father of Mrs. Russell, was a native of Schoharie county, N. Y., born August 10, 1826, a son of George and Elizabeth (Ditchridge) Tanner; the family immigrated to this country immediately after the Revolu tion ; the father died in 1868, and a few months thereafter the mother passed away in tl^ Stateof Wisconsin ; in their family were six children, of whom Henry™, was next the youngest. He Avas reared in Susque hanna and Bradford counties, and became a carpenter and joiner ; came to Bradford in 1832, and married Olive E. ToAvner, daughter of Joseph and Emily (Pratt) To wner; they had three children: Emelia (Mrs. Russell), Olin C. (married to Isabella Rickey), Hattie (died in 1879, aged twenty-four years; had married Stanley Pete, a dentist). Mr. Tannqr was a worthy soldier in the State's emergency call to repel 1144 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. invasion. Joseph P. Russell is a member of the G. A. R., Stevens Post, at Rome. L. F. RUSSELL, farmer and stock-grower. P. O. Rome, was born on the farm he now occupies in Rome township, June 26, 1844, a son of Dan and Debora Ann (Forbes) Russell. His grandfather, Dan Russell, came' from Connecticut and was among the early pioneers to locate in Orwell township, Avhere the father of L. F. was born in 1808 ; his grandfather, Hezekiah, was also a resident of Orwell township at time of his death, a farmer in Orwell and Rome townships, and at the time of death owned one hundred and fourteen acres well-improved land. The father of L. F. had a family of nine children, four of whom are yet living: Ellen, married to Harvey Johnston, a farmer of Litch field township, this county ; Simon, a farmer of Rome township; L. F. (the seventh of the family) and Phoebe, married to Jacob Struble, Avho is working in the Bridge Works at Athens, Pa. The boyhood of our subject was spent on his father's farm, and he attended the com mon schools of Rome until seventeen years old, securing a good com mon-school education. He commenced farming, and followed it up to 1872, when he purchased and commenced to operate a sawmill; after which he sold and returned to the farm, where he has since remained. On February 20, 1865, he enlisted in Company C, Twenty-fourth New York Cavalry, and served until the close of the war. He noAv owns two hundred acres, and the house, built in 1886, is an elegant modern farm dwelling of ten rooms; farm is well stocked with young cattle, and he keeps about ten cows for his dairy. Mr. Russell was united in wedlock January 31, 1866, Avith Eunice, daughter of M. V. B. Towner, a farmer, and the fruits of this marriage are six children, as follows: Alice V., born November 3, 1866 ; Lina E., born July 31, 1871 ^Farn ham H., born December 31, 1876, died August 1, 1882; Edith D., born October 13, 1884 ; Gertie, born January 18, 1887 ; Stanley, born Decem ber 26,1889. Mr. Russell is a member of F. & A. M., Roman Lodge, No. 418, Rome; he has taken the degree of Master Mason and has been a mem ber for about twenty-two years. He is a member of the Farmers' Alliance; is a Republican in politics, and has frequently been called by his friends and neighbors to fill offices of trust of his township, such as treasurer, constable and collector and commissioner. Among the prominent farmers of Bradford county Mr. Russell ranks high. STEPHEN C. RUSSELL, farmer and stock-grower, Orwell town ship, P. O. L^x, was born in Rome township, this county, June 9, 1846, and is a son of Reuben M. and Sarah (Eiklor) Russell, natives of Pennsylvania. Reuben M. Russell Avas a carpenter, and died in 1876; his widow survives. They reared a family of 'ten ohildren, of whom Stephen is the youngest ; he was reared at his fathe™ home, attended the public schools of Rome toAvnship, where he received the rudiments of a fair education, and when he reached his majority commenced farming on his own account, and with no other aids than his own industry has become the owner of a valuable farm of fifty-one acres. He was married in Rome, to Sarah, daughter of Nathaniel and Cath erine (Courad) Chandler, natives of Pennsylvania. Mr, and Mrs. Russell have five children, as follows : Willie N. (married to Orpha HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1145 Janes, resides in Athens), Fred M., Minor J., Elmer H. and Frank S. In 1865 Mr. Russell enlisted in the Twenty-fourth Regiment New York Cavalry, Company C, and went directly to the front with the Army of the Potomac; he Avas in the battle of Horse Shoe, Avhere he was severely injured by being thrown from his horse, and was sent to the Virginia Hospital ; was in time honorably discharged and came home. He draws a pension. Mr. Russell is a member of G. A. R., Stevens Post, No. 69, Rome, and is a Republican in politics. FRANK G. SAIRS, foreman of the riveting department, Union Bridge Works, Athens, is a native of Ithaca, N. Y., and was born Jan uary 29, 1854. His parents are Leonard B. and Malinda (Munson) Sairs, natives of New York, and now residents of Athens; his grand father Munson was a soldier in the War of 1812. The subject of this sketch is the fifth in the order of birth in a family of nine children, of whom seven are living. When he Avas two years old the family moved to Halsey Valley, N. Y., and when he was aged seven years they immigrated to Potter county, Pa., whence, after remaining there a short time, they removed to Owego, N. Y. While there Mr. Sairs went to Avork at the Buffalo Bridge Works, continuing thereat nearly two years. On March 2, 1874, he came to Athens, Where he found, the day after his arrival, employment in the Bridge Works, and has since been with that company, except from February, 1881', to February, 1882, during which period he was employed at the Youngs toAvn Bridge Works, "ioungstown, Ohio. In April, 1882, he was pro moted to his present position. Mr. Sairs was married in Owego,. N. Y in 1874, to Miss Isabel P. Wright, who was born in Owego, N. Y, November 22, 1853, daughter of H. N. and Jane (Courtright) Wright natives of Nichols and Weltonville, N. Y., respectively. Mr. Wright who was a pattern-maker by trade, died in Owego in June, 1887 ; his widow resides with her daughter, Avho is the only survhdng one of a family of three children. To Mr. and Mrs. Sairs have been born two children, Harley W. and Leslie M. Mr. Sairs is a member of the Masonic Fraternity, Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70; also of the Sons of Veterans; Captain of John Griffin Camp, No. 30; is president of the Third Ward Fire Company, and secretary of the school board. Polit ically he is a Republican. JOHN F. SANDERSON, attorney atlaw, No. 118 Diamond street, Pittsburgh, Pa., was born in New Brunswick, N. J., April 21, 1853, and is a son of Henry and Mary S. (Myer) Sanderson, the former- of Scotch-Irish and the latter of Dutch and Irish origin. His father, an artist by profession, had, by a former wife, three children, one of whom, Annie, wiie of Albert L. Sweet, of Chicago, survives, and by the second wife he had two children : Kate (now deceased), who mar ried Dr. Edward J. Abell, of Coal City, Ills.; and John F. The subject of this sketch was brought to Athens township, this county, by his mother, in 1854, after which time to 1869 they made their home with his grandmother. He Avas educated in the common schools of Brad ford county, and in a grammer school at Newark, N. J. "In 1869 he secured a position as clerk in the First National Bank at ToAvanda, where he remained until October, 1873 ; he read law with William 1146 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Foyle and James Wood, and was admitted to the Bradford County Bar in May, 1874, where he practiced law until January 1, 1891, when he formed a partnership with United States District Attorney Walter Lyon and Charles H. McKee, of Pittsburgh. In 1876 he was admitted to the Bar of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and in 1885 to the Bar of the United States Supreme Court; he is also a member of the Bar of United States Courts of the Eastern and Western Districts of Pennsylvania. Mr. Sanderson was married November 26, 1872, to Miss Celinda M., daughter of William and Elizabeth (Stone) Griffis, of Tov\randa, and they have had six children : William G., born August 20, 1873 ; Evangeline, born May 12, 1875, died in Harrisburg, January 2, 1889; Katharine, born May 17, 1877; Elizabeth, born March 3, 1879; Jonathan, born January 23, 1883; Beulah, born July 11, 1886. Mr. Sanderson is an ardent adherent of the Republican party; in March, 1887, he Avas appointed, by Governor Beaver, Deputy Attorney-General of Pennsylvania, which position he held until Janu ary 20, 1891, the end of Governor Beaver's administration. C. H. SATTERLEE, book-keeper for Fitch & Kinney's hardware store, Athens, is a native of Sheshequin township, this county, born February 15, 1849; a son of Elisha and Emily (Briggs) Satterlee. Elisha Satterlee, who was a merchant and farmer, removed, in 1865, to Lock Haven, Pa., and engaged in the lumber business ; he died in Sayre, this county, March 9, 1881, in his seventy-first year; his widoAv died December 10, 1890. Great-grandfather Col. Elisha Satterlee Avas an officer in the Revolutionary War, and was one of the pioneer settlers of Athens toAvnship, this county. Uncle John F. Satterlee was in the Government service. C. H. Satterlee is the fifth in order of birth in a family of seven children, of Avhom five are now living. He was reared in Athens from the time he Avas four years old, and received an academic education' in the old historic academy of the place; he Avent with his parents to Lock Haven in 1865, and Avas engaged in the lumber business there until 1869, when he went to Duluth, Minn., where he was engaged in merchandising about two years ; from there he went to Annapolis, Md., and had charge of D. W. Smith's lumber yard about two years ; thence moved to Washington, D. C. , and followed the same business about one and one-half years ; then returned to Lock Haven, and was in the lumber trade some time; then came to Sayre and worked for the L. V. R. R. Co. four years, and in April, 1883, came to Athens, where he accepted the position he noAv holds with Fitch & Kinney. Mr. Satterlee was .married in Mansfield, Pa., February 6, 1873, to Miss Nettie, daughter of Albinas and Harriet (Seeley) Hunt, natives of Pennsylvania. Albinas Hunt was a merchant and died in Mansfield in 1876. Mrs. Hunt survives him and resides with her daughter Mrs. Satterlee, Avho is the eldest in a family of two children, born in Mansfield July 3, 1849. To Mr. and Mrs. Satterlee Avere born three children, of whom W. F. is the only one living. Mr. and Mrs. Satterlee are members of the Presbyterian Church, of Avhich he is trustee and secretary and treasurer. He is a member of the F. & A. M., Annapolis Lodge, No. 89. He is a Repub lican, and has served one term as councilman in Athens borough. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1147 JOHN FRANKLIN SATTERLEE. This gentleman is a repre sentative of the Satterlee family,' which holds a prominent place, not only in the pioneer history of Bradford oounty, but in the dawn of American history. The Satterlee family was a conspicuous one in Sussex county, England, Avhere the Satterlee Church and Manor House still stand, as mute monuments of their venerable founders and pro prietors. In the latter part of the seventeenth century, two Satterlee brothers came to this country and settled in Connecticut. Benedict Satterlee, a lineal descendant of one of these brothers, was one of the forty original settlers in the Wyoming Valley. He had a family of six children : one daughter, the wife of Col. Elisha Mathewson, and five sons, the eldest of whom was Elisha, Avho was with Washington at Valley Forge, in the memorable Avinter of 1777-78, and, in 1779, as a soldier in the company of Capt. Simon Spalding, participated in the expedition of Gen. John Sullivan, through the Wyoming Valley into New York State, against the hostile Indians. The other sons were Elias, Benedict, Nathaniel and Samuel. Elisha came to " Tioga Point," or Athens, as early as 1787, in company with Col. Elisha Math ewson, and, about two years later, brought the remaining members of the family to the new settlement. Elias afterward practiced medicine at Elmira. Benedict was a school teacher at Athens as early as 1791, subsequently removing to Mount Morris, N. Y. Nathaniel and Samuel settled in Smithfield. Elisha, together with Col. John Franklin, assisted in laying out the township of Athens, and, was actively identified Avith the early history of the county. He married Cynthia Stevens, by whom he had three children : John Franklin Satterlee, Sr., who was eleven months old when the new settlement was established ; Lemira, who married Harry S. Spalding; Aurelia, Avho married Robert Spalding. John Franklin, Sr., was for years a prominent and influential citi zen of Athens, actively engaged in the material progress of the county and town in which he lived until his death, February 11, 1856. He Avas a merchant from 1812 to 1817, and subsequently kept the old hotel at Athens. During most of his business life he dealt quite extensively in lumber, which he rafted to the markets of the lower Susquehanna and Baltimore. He established and maintained the first ferry across the Susquehanna, at Athens, which Avas abandoned when the bridge was built, about 1840. For several years, during the latter part of his life, he was a justice of the peace, and engaged in farming, on the old settlement on the east bank of the river. He, early (about 1808), became associated with the Masonic Fraternity, was a charter member of Rural Amity. Lodge, F. & A. M., and for several years was the Master, never ceasing to take great interest in the Order until his death. While he never held, nor sought, political office, he Avas an active Avorker, and in the campaign of 1844 stumped the county for Henry Clay. John Franklin Satterlee, Sr., married, December 25, 1808, Julia Prentice, by whom he had five children: Orin D.; Elisha; Anna P., who married Horace Kinney ; Cynthia L., who married Edward Oven- shire; and Julia P., Avho married George Stevens. His second wife was Elizabeth Marshall, by whom he had five children : Sarah, who 1148 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. married James Lemon, of Waverly, N. Y.; John Franklin, Jr.; Eliza beth, who married Dr. John A. Thomson, of Wrightsville, Pa.; Lucy, who died at sixteen ; Marion B., who married William R. Schuyler, who has been acting deputy collector of the Port of Philadelphia for several years. John Franklin Satterlee, Jr., born April 14, 1829, spent his boyhood on his father's farm, and was educated in Athens High School. He engaged in business for himself when he was eighteen years old; at twenty-four he began farming on the old Satterlee place, where he remained until 1868, when he removed his family to Waverly. He then engaged in contracting in Brooklin, and, in 1869, removing to Monroeton, commenced lumbering on the mountains to the south and west of the town. In 1889 he was appointed special agent in the General Land Office of the Interior Department, in which capacity he has been stationed in various States Avest of the Mississippi, in New Mexico and Florida, and at present is on duty at Gainesville, Florida. He was married, October 18, 1853, to Lucy E., daughter of Horace and Minerva (Atkins) Booth. Three children are the result of this union : Charles Booth, born March 26, 1 855 ; Mary Eloise, born August 5, 1857, married Robert B. Drake, for many years associated with the Lehigh Valley Railroad (they have one child, Lucie Satterlee Drake, born February 8, 1891) ; and "the youngest of the Satterlee family, Rob ert Harris, born June 12, 1859, is now engaged in the clothing business in Minneapolis, and also interested in the St. Paul Knitting Works. Charles Booth Satterlee was educated in Athens High School, Waverly Institute, and Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, at Towanda. In 1872, he was appointed a cadet at the United States Military Acad emy, at West Point, N. Y,, where he graduated in 1876, and was com missioned as second lieutenant, Third Artillery, U. S. Army. Since entering the army, he has been on duty in various parts of the United States : in 1876, in South Carolina, during the then political excite ment; in Pennsylvania, in 1878, during the labor riots; from 1878 to 1880, he was on duty at the United States Artillery School, where he graduated ; in 1881, he was with the Light Battery of his regiment on its march from New York to Yorktown and return, a distance of 901 miles ; in 1882, in Arkansas, under special instructions of the Secretary of War, making estimates of the destitution incident to the overflow of the Mississippi river, and, again, in 1884, in Louisiana, distributing Government rations to destitutes. He was promoted first lieutenant in 1883, which rank he still holds in the service. From 1882 to 1883, he was professor of military science at the Orchard Lake Military Academy, Michigan. He served at the headquarters of his regiment, at Washington, D. O, from 1885 to 1891. In 1887, Lieut. Satterlee was appointed the regimental quartermaster, and, later, the adjutant of the Third Artillery, serving as such until 1891, Avhen, by direction of the War Department, he Avas ordered to Georgia for duty in connec tion with the militia, and was designated by the Governor to act as assistant adjutant and inspector general of the State. ALBERT W. SAVAGE, blacksmith, Wyalusing, was born in Somersetshire, England, May 14, 1845, a son of Joseph and Rhoda HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1149 (White) Savage, natives of England. His father was a gardener, fol lowing that occupation and mining after coming to the United States, where, in 1846 or 1847, he located at Scranton, where he died March 24, 1885 ; his family consisted of six children born in England, viz.: Rube and Rubin, who died there; Robert P., a blacksmith, of Dun- more ; Fanny, married to James Powell, of Dunmore ; Lucy, married to John Cordy, now of England, and Albert W. A. W. Savage, the subject of these lines, was educated in the common schools of Scranton, and when sixteen years old was apprenticed to a blacksmith of Prov idence, Pa.; he served four years and then set up as a journeyman at Scranton. He came to Wyalusing September 25, 1865, and worked tAvo and one-half years, rented a shop and ran it one year ; then left Wyalusing and worked for different parties, returning in 1869, pur chased the shop and residence, and followed his trade there until January 10, 1891, when he sold. He has been eminently successful in business, and accumulated his property by his own exertions ; he is a Republican in politics, and has held A7arious township offices. LEWIS SAXE, farmer, Wilmot township, P. O. Wilmot, was born in Wilmot, this county, February 14, 1845, a son of John and Lucre tia (Leaphfrum) Saxe, natives of Germany. Our subject Avas reared on a farm, educated in the common schools, and at the age of twenty- one commenced life for himself, lumbering and farming, which he carried on until 1874, when he gave up the lumbering business and has since made farming his only occupation. He was married January 6, 1870, to Lizzie, daughter of John Biddle, of Wilmot, who died July 8, 1874, and April 25, 1876, Mr. Saxe married Hannah Suber, who was born in Sullivan county, Pa., April 19, 1852, a daughter of Benjamin and Caroline (Hoffa) Suber, of Sullivan county, Pa. Mr. and Mrs. Saxe have had born to them four children, viz.: Lulu May, born April 5, 1877; John Leonard, born October 30, 1879, and died July 30, 1880 ; Benjamin Thaddeus, born June 23, 1881, and Edith Lucretia, born April 13, 1888. Mr. Saxe is a Roman Catholic, and is an enthusiastic follower of the Democratic party. ADOLPHUS SAXTON, farmer, P. O. Granville Centre, was born September 22, 1834, in Granville township, this county, on the farm where he now. resides, and is a son of Henry and Julia (Bailey) Saxton. His paternal grandparents, Benjamin and Susie (Corbin) Saxton, came from the New England States in 1807, and lived and died there; the maternal grandfather, Ezra Bailey, was also a pioneer of Granville toAvn- ship. The father of subject, who was born in Bradford county in 1808, cleared and improved the farm occupied by subject, and died there. His children were Matilda (Mrs. Alfred Putnam), Adolphus, Sophia (Mrs. Loren M. Leonard), Burton, Myra, Solomon (died while a prisoner in the Civil War) and Franklin. Adolphus Saxton was reared on the old homestead Avhere he has always resided. He mar ried, September 19, 1858, Jeanette, daughter of George and Catherine (Davis) Catlin, of Granville township, and has two children : Kate (Mrs. Dr. Pratt J. Smith) and Belle. Mr. Saxton is a well-known and prominent farmer of Granville township; is a member of the Church of Christ, and in politics he is a Republican. 1150 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. CHARLES H. SAXTON, farmer, of Granville township, P. O. Gran ville Summit, was born in Granville township, this county, July 5, 1850, and is a son of Benjamin and Delight (Holcomb) Saxton. He was reared in Granville, where, with the exception of three years, during which he lived in New York, he has ahvays resided. He was educated in the common schools, and served an apprenticeship of two and one-half years at the carpenter's trade, but most of his life has been spent in farming. On December 25, 1873, he married Emma, daughter of Samuel and Mary (McNaught) Merritt, of Granville. Mr. Saxton is one of the enterprising farmers of Granville, is a member of the I. O. O. F., and in politics is a Republican. FRANKLIN SAXTON, farmer, Granville township, P. O. Gran ville Centre, was born in Granville, this county, September 20, 1845, and is a son of Henry and Julia (Bailey) Saxton. His paternal grand parents were Benjamin and Susie (Corbin) Saxton, Avho settled in Bur lington township, this county, in 1804, and his maternal grandfather, Ezra Bailey, was also a pioneer of Granville. The subject of these lines was reared in Granville, where he has always resided, and has occupied the farm where he noAv resides since 1873. He married, Septem ber 11, 1872, Ella, daughter of Samuel A. and Hannah (Holcomb) Rock well, of Granville, and they have five children, as follows : Henry, George, Clara, Ruby and Willis. Mr. Saxton was in the Civil War, having enlisted January 4, 1864, in Company F, Eleventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, participated in nearly all the battles of the regiment while in the service, and was honorably discharged August 13, 1865. He is a member of the Church of Christ, of the G. A. R. and I. 0. 0. F., and in politics he is a Republican. OSCAR SAXTON, a prominent farmer of Granville toAvnship, P. O. Granville Centre, was born in Granville township, this county, July 11, 1832, and is a son of Benjamin and Delight (Holcomb) Saxton. His paternal grandparents were Benjamin and Susie (Corbin) Saxton, natives of Massachusetts and Connecticut, respectively, Avho came to Bradford county in 1804, and in 1807 settled in Granville township. His maternal grandfather was Truman Holcomb, a pioneer of Ulster township. The subject of this memoir was reared in Granville town ship, and educated in the common school. He served an apprentice ship at the mason's trade, which he followed fifteen years, and has since been engaged in farming. He was in the Civil War, enlisting August 30, 1864, in Company I, Fifteenth New York Engineers, and was honorably discharged from the service July 2, 1865. In 1856 he married Persis, daughter of Sullivan and Phebe(Bailey)Morse, of LeRoy township, and they have three children: Dayton L., Ada L. (Mrs. Licher Ross) and Robert A. Mr. Saxton is a member of the Disciple Church. In politics he is a Republican. SOLON J. SAXTON, farmer, Granville township, P. O. Granville Centre, Avas born in Canton township, this county, September 11, 1834, and is a son of Benjamin and Delight (Holcomb") Saxton. His pater nal grandparents, Benjamin and Susie (Corbin) Saxton, natives of NeAV England, came to Bradford county in 1804, and settled in Granville township in 1807. His maternal grandfather, Truman Holcomb, Avas HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1151 a pioneer of Ulster township, this county. Benjamin Saxton, the father of our subject, was born April 4, 1800, and reared in Granville township from seven years of age ; was a farmer by occupation and cleared and improved the farm occupied by our subject, and there died. His children Avere : Valentine, Lucy (Mrs. Hiram Kittle), Oscar, Solon J., Edward, Mahlon, Samantha, Susannah (Mrs. Charles Kenyon), Benjamin and Charles H. The subject of these lines was reared on the old homestead where he has always resided. He was in the Civil War, enlisting in February, 1864, in Company F, Eleventh Pennsyl vania Cavalry, and participated in Wilson's Raid, and the battle of Petersburg, as well as other minor engagements, and Avas honorably discharged after eighteen months' serA'ice. He married Harriet, daugh ter of Charles and Rebecca (Becker) Martin, of Granville township, and has two children: Nellie (Mrs. Raymond Selleck), and Charles M, Mr. Saxton is a representative citizen of Granville; he is a member of the I. O. O. F. and G. A. R., and in politics is a Republican. VALENTINE SAXTON, deputy United States revenue collector, and farmer, P. O. Troy, was born in Rose, Wayne Co., N. Y., Novem ber 30, 1827, and is a son of Benjamin and Delight (Holcomb) Saxton. His paternal grandfather, Benjamin Saxton, was a native of Massa chusetts and settled in Burlington township, this county, in 1804, but soon after moved to Granville, where he followed the blacksmith trade up to his death, which occurred in 1840, when he was aged sixty -eight; his wife was Susie Coburn, a native of Connecticut, Avho died at the age of ninety-three ; by her he had eight children : Lucy (Mrs. Chauncey Hill, Avho died at the age of ninety-four), Susan (Mrs. Elam Parkhurst), Benjamin, Charles, Mary (Mrs. Henry Putnam), Henry, Sarah A. (Mrs. Albert Watkins) and Lewis D. Of these Benjamin, father of our subject, cleared a farm of 200 acres in Granville township, on which he resided until his death ; his wife was a daughter of Truman Holcomb, of Ulster township, and by her he had ten children: Valen tine, Lucy (Mrs. Hiram Kittle), Oscar, Solon J., Edward, Mahlon, Samantha, Susie (Mrs. C. R. Kenyon), Benjamin and Charles H. Valentine Saxton was reared in Granville township, received a limited education in the log school-house of his day, and on attaining his majority engaged in farming and butchering, in which he has since continued. In 1860 he married Polly, daughter of Darius R. and Ann (Merwin) Manley, of Troy township, and has two children : Fred and John. Mr. Saxton is a member of the Disciple Church, of the F. & A. M. and I. O. O. F.; politically he is a Republican, and was appointed deputy U. S. revenue collector in the Revenue District of Pennsylvania, in 1890. CHARLES G. SAYLES, carpenter and joiner and farmer, P. O. Granville Centre, was born in New Haven, Huron Co., Ohio, January 7,1843, and is a son of Cornelius and Margaret (Townsend) Sayles, natives of the State of New York. The father, who is a wagon-maker by trade, settled in Granville township, this county, in 1853, and is still living ; his children were as follows : Charles G. and William O, of whom Charles G. Avas reared in Granville from ten years of age. He was in the Civil War, enlisting August 24, 1861, in Company F, 1152 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Eleventh Pennsylvania Cavalry ; was never on the sick-list nor lost a day during his term of service, except while home on veteran furlough of thirty days. He participated in the principal battles of his regi ment, and Avas honorably discharged after four years' service. Since the war he has been engaged at his trade and farming in Granville. Mr. Sayles married, November 19, 1873, Olivia A., daughter of Adam and Helen (McNeil) Innes, of Granville, and has two children : Clarence and Ethel. He is a Sir Knight Templar, and a member of the I. 0. 0. F. and G. A. R. In politics he is a Republican. REUBEN L. SCHEUFLER, proprietor of marble works, Towanda, was born near Tamaqua, Schuylkill Co., Pa., December 5, 1854, and is a son of Albright and Abigail (Lenhart) Scheufler, natives of Wurtemberg, Germany, and Berks county, Pa., respectively. He was reared in Berks county, learned the marble cutter's trade at Hamburg, Pa., and worked as a journeyman from 1870 to 1886, when he located in To wanda,and formed a partnership with W. N. Lacey, under the firm name of Lacey & Scheufler, which partnership existed two years, when Mr. Lacey sold his interests to J. C. McCarty, and the business has since been conducted under the firm name of Scheufler & McCarty. Mr. Scheufler married, in 1874, Mary C, daughter of Jacob and Annie (Hance) Creveling, of Hunterdon county, N. J., and has one son, Albert C. Mrs. Scheufler is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Scheufler has been a resident of Towanda since 1881; in politics he is a Republican. J. H. SCHOONOVER, farmer, P. 0. Asylum, was born (January 24, 1842), reared and educated in Terry township, this county. He is a son of Chester and Adela (Horton) Schoonover, natives of Chenango county, N. Y., and Wilmot, Bradford Co., Pa., respectively. Chester is the son of Joseph, who was also a native of Chenango county, descended from the early Dutch settlers; he removed to this county, in about 1831, when fifteen years of age, prospecting, but returned to New York and shortly afterward moved to this county with his father's family, who for a short time located in Terry township, near Rienzi. Joseph Schoonover had a family of eight children, who helped him in the new country, for it Avas then a Avilderness ; they depended a good deal on fishing, hunting and other resources for a living while their crops were maturing; Joseph soon removed to Terrytown, where he died. In about 1840 Chester purchased a farm of 175 acres on what is known as " Vaill Hill," where he removed, and by patience, industry and economy he cleared a valuable farm, erected substantial and commodious buildings, which stand to-day as a monument to his patient toil. He was a member of and preached for the Old-School Baptists about thirty-five years ; he died in September, 18.84, at the age of sixty- nine years; he had been twice married and had six children, J. H. being the second by the first marriage. Besides the mind training at the common school, our subject had the advantage of sitting under the accomplished and learned Rev. David Craft, and, soon becoming competent to teach, he taught in several of the district schools during the Avinter months, the summers being devoted to farming. On November 30, 1864, he married Miss Emily O, daughter of J. L. and Sarah P. Jones, of New Era, and there were born to them seven children, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1153 five of whom are living : Earl O, James A., George H., Lorenzo J. and Earnest L.; of these Earl C. is married, resides in Towanda, and has two children. In 1863, when his country, through Governor Curtin, called for troops, Mr. Schoonover gladly shouldered his musket as a member of Company A, Thirty-fifth Pennsylvania Emergency Troops, served his time and was honorably discharged ; he is noAv drawing a State pension by special act of the Legislature of session of 1891. He is a prosperous general farmer, and enjoys the full confidence of his fellow-citizens who have elected him to the office of town clerk for the term of ten years ; school director, twelve years, also treasurer and auditor ; during all which time he was secretary of the school board; was also appointed census enumerator of the eleventh census for the toAvnship of Terry. Politically he is a Republican. J. M. SCHRADER, farmer, in Franklin township, P. O. Franklin dale, was born in Towanda township, this county, December 24, 1837, a son of Samuel and Elizabeth (Rose) Schrader, both of -whom were born in this county, spending most of their lives in Towanda township. Samuel Schrader's family numbered nine — five sons and four daugh ters — all of whom grew to maturity, and several of them are now living. J. M. Schrader, the subject of the sketch, and the fifth in the family, was reared and educated in ToAvanda and Franklin townships, and always worked on the farm. In 1862 he married, at Granville, Miss Sallie, daughter of Russell and Jane Lindley, of LeRoy, and seven children — three sons and four daughters — were born to them : Libby, married to Frank Crane, a farmer; Estella, married to Frank Madigan, a farmer; Katie, married to John McMullen, a mechanic; Edyvard ; Glenn; Clyde and Lottie. Mr. Schrader is an enterprising farmer, and lives on the old Schrader homestead of seventy-five acres of fertile land ; he served nine months in Company C, One Hundred and Thirty- second P. V. I., in the Civil War, for which he now draws a pension; he is a member of the G. A. R. and of the Patrons of Industry; polit ically he is a Republican. LOUIS J. SCHRIER, of the firm of Schrier Brothers, confectioners and cigar manufacturers, Athens, is a native of New York City, born October 19, 1856, and is a son of Louis (a cigar maker) and Elizabeth' (Amrhein) Schrier, natives of Germany, who came to New York in 1854. The family came to Athens in 1883. Louis J., who is the eldest in a family of nine children, of Avhom six are living, received his educa tion in the public and private schools, and learned the cigar trade early in life. In August, 1872, he went from New York to Owego, where he worked at his trade five years, and then to Elmira, one year; thence to Big Flats, and, returning to New York in 1883, he came to Athens and began manufacturing cigars, under the firm name of Schrier Bros., for the wholesale and retail trade. In July, 1890, Mr. Schrier bought the confectionery store of J. C. Minier, Avhere he handles fruits, veget ables, confectionery, cigars and tobacco. He was married, in 1880, to Miss Josie, daughter of Richard and Harriet (Hubbard) Peck, the former a native of Orange county, N. Y., coming to Athens in 1838, and the latter of Cooperstown, N. Y., coming to this county in 1827. Richard Peck died February 10, 1881, in his seventy-ninth year ; 1154 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Mrs. Peck died August 11, 1890, in her seventieth year. Mrs. Schrier is the only child, and Avas born in Athens January 9, 1860. To Mr. and Mrs. Schrier was born one daughter, Annie. They are mem bers of the Episcopal Church ; he is a member of the I. O. Q. F., No. 165, and also of the Iron Hall, and is a Republican. MICHAEL F. SCHUMAN, furniture contractor, Towanda, was born in Rush, Monroe Co., N. Y., October 13, 1849, a son of Michael J. and Elizabeth (Hane) Schuman, natives of BaA^aria and Baden, Ger many, respectively. His father came to America in 1841 and located in Pennsylvania, where he worked at the shoemaker's trade two years ; he then removed to Rush, N. Y., where he married, and in 1864 settled in Rochester, N. Y., where he still resides. Michael was reared and educated in Monroe county, N. Y., learned the cabinet-maker's trade in Rochester, at which he worked as a journeyman ten years. In 1879 he came to Towanda, where he has since been in business as a contrac tor in the furniture factory of J. O. Frost Sons. He married, April 6, 1874, Mary A., daughter of Herman and Anna (Leible) Langknecht, of Rochester, N. Y., and formerly of Bavaria, Germany. The issue of this union is nine children, viz.: George, Annie, Anthony, Isabel, Mary, Fred, Frank, Albert and Joseph. Mr. and Mrs. Schuman are members of the Catholic Church ; in politics he is a Democrat. CHARLES SCOTT, farmer in Monroe township, P. O. Liberty Corners, was born in Towanda toAvnship, this county, January 31, 1839, and is a son of John and Catherine (Harris) Scott, the former a native of Trenton, N. J., and of English origin, the latter of Berwick, Pa., and of Dutch lineage. The father worked on canals and other public works near Philadelphia and Hazelton as a mechanic, and came to Bradford county about 1833, where he lived seven years, Avhere E. W. Hale now resides; then removed to Sullivan county, where he remained three years, at which time he returned to Bradford county and settled on the farm which his son Charles now occupies, where he followed carpentering and farming until his death in 1882, at the age of seventy-eight years; he reared a family of six children, of Avhom Charles is the second. Subject was reared on the farm, educated in the common school, and has ahvays been engaged in farming where he now resides. He enlisted at Monroe, August 7, 1862, in Company C, One Hundred and Forty-First P. V. I., and Avas Avith the regiment until the battle of Gettysburg, where he received a gunshot wound in the right shoulder, which disabled him two months; at the end of this time rejoined his regiment and remained with it until the battle of Peters burg, where he was wounded in the right hip. Including a furlough of forty-five days (during which time he Avas married), he remained in the Philadelphia Hospital until January 20, 1865, when he was dis charged as first lieutenant on surgeon's certificate of disability. He Avas married November 15, 1864, to Miss Mary J., daughter of Charles and Sallie (Blauvelt) Hollon, and they had two children : Walter F., born January 6, 1866, married to Mary H. Kram, daughter of Will iam Kram, and lives on a portion of his father's farm ; and Dora E., born April 6, 1878. The family are members of the Methodist Epis copal Church, of Avhich he has been trustee and steward, also superin- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1155 tendent of the Sunday-school. He is a Republican, and has held the following offices of public trust : Town clerk, school director, com missioner and assessor, and is now assistant assessor. FRANK H. SCOTT, farmer, Smithfield township, P. O. East Smith- field, Avas born in Springfield, this county, April 20, 1847, a son of Orrin and Martha A. (Brown) Scott, the former a native of Vermont, and latter of Connecticut. They came to this county in 1843, and settled in Springfield township. One son, A. O., Avas in the Civil War. Frank H. is the youngest in a family of three children. The father Avas a blacksmith, as well as a farmer, and Frank H. Avas reared on the farm, educated in the schools of the town, and adopted farming as his business. He was united in marriage, December 1, 1869, with Pleiades, daughter of Merit and Abigail (Kingsley) Wood; she is a sister of Francis Wood. Her great-grandfather was a Revolutionary soldier, and they trace their family genealogy back many generations. Mrs. Scott Avas born October 9, 1849, the third in a family of five children, and the only daughter. There have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Scott tAvo children : Ella L., born April 1, 1874, and Bessie M., born February 4, 1881. Mr. Scott is the owner of a fine farm, and is a part owner of other lands — 400 acres in all. His principal interest thereon is dairying. He is a genial and pleasant gentleman, and has a wide circle of friends. WINFIELD SCOTT, farmer, Monroe township, P. 0. Monroeton, Avas born in Monroe, this county, May 2, 1814, and is a son of John H. and Catherine E. (Harris) Scott; in his father's family there were six children, of Avhom Winfield is the fourth. He Avas reared on the farm, educated in the common school, purchased the farm Avhere Harvey Cum- mings now resides, lived there from 1868 to 1874, Avhen he removed to his present home, and he has since given his attention and energy chiefly to the cultivation of the soil. Mr. Scott Avas married, October 1, 1867, to Miss Mary E., daughter of William V., and Julia (Griggs) Stevens, of Monroe, and they have three children : Stella M., born September 6, 1869 ; Franklin L, born April 3, 1876, and John W., born February 15, 1879. Mr. and Mrs. Scott and their daughter are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which he has been trustee fifteen years, and is also steward ; he is a Republican in politics, and has been toAvn treasurer ten years. HARRY SCOVELL, retired farmer, P. O. Towanda, was born February 13, 1803, on the farm Avhere he now resides, and is a son of Silas and Abigail (Harris) Scovell. His paternal grandfather, Elisha Scovell, moved Avith his family from Connecticut to Exeter, Luzerne Co., Pa., in an early day, and from there the father of our subject came to Towanda in 1788, and soon after his marriage, in 1790, he removed to the farm hoav occupied by Harry Scovell, a part of which he cleared and improved, and Avhere he resided until his death in 1824. His children were Phebe (Mrs. Nathan Stevens), Peter H., Harry, Celesta, Caroline (Mrs. H. S. Frazier), Silas J., Joseph J. and Abigail (Mrs. E. Reuben Deleng). On the death of his father, he succeeded to the homestead, where he was born and reared and has ahvays resided. He cleared and improved a large part of the farm, Avhich he has divided between his sons, John H. and Silas M. He was tAvice 1156 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. married ; his first wife was Sarah Courtwright, by whom he had four children: John H., James, Amanda (Mrs. Francis Barnes) and Silas M. Harry Scovell resides with his youngest son, Silas M., Avho was born March 25, 1848, and married, in 1871, to Eva, daughter of David and Eliza (Smith) Walborn, of Sheshequin township, this county, and has two children : Jennie and Jesse. SAMUEL M. SEAFUSE, farmer, P. 0. Bentley Creek, was born in Springfield township, this county, June 24, 1869, a son of Horace and Sarah (Palmer) Seafuse, natives of Monroe and Tioga counties, respectively. Horace was a son of Solomon Seafuse, Avho removed from Monroe county, Pa., to this county in 1855, locating in South Creek township, on what is known as " East Hill; " this Avas in the early settlement of the town, when its inhabitants did not number half as many as they do now. Solomon Seafuse learned the carpenters' trade, at Avhich he worked in connection with his farm; his family consisted of eight children, four of whom grew to maturity. Horace, the father of Samuel M., Avas a farmer, and worked as such until his death, which occurred March 2, 1874, when aged but twenty-eight years. There were four children born to him, all of whom are living. Samuel M. Seafuse, who is the eldest in the family, was reared and educated at the common school, and so proficient did he become that he fitted himself for a teacher, and has taught four terms in South Creek and Ridgebury townships; has been studying medicine under Dr. Charles N. Hammond, of Bentley Creek, for the past two years, and is now a student of the College of Physicians and Surgeons, of Baltimore, Md. He is a bright, intelligent young man, and bids fair to make his mark in life. On July 4, 1887, he married, in South Creek township, Jennie, daughter of Walter and Maria Mason, and there have been born to them two children: Glen and Mary. In con junction with his studies, Mr. Seafuse is working on his farm Avith his grandfather, Solomon Seafuse". He is a member of the International Fraternal Alliance. W. C. SECHRIST, attorney at laAv, Canton, is a nathTe of Tioga county, Pa., and was born January 27, 1858, a son of John and Harriet (Miller) Sechrist, natives of Tioga county, Pa., and Germany, respectively. His father was a farmer in early life, and is now in the employ of the Fall Brook Railroad Company, a position he has held for some time. Mrs. Sechrist died in 1881. W. C. Sechrist is the second in order of birth in a family of five sons and five daughters; he was reared in Tioga county until seventeen years of age, when he came to Canton and completed his education in the graded schools; read law with Capt. J. H. Shaw, was admitted to the bar in January, 1881, and has been practicing his profession there since. He was married in Canton, in 1882, to Ella, daughter of J. W. and Lucy (Spalding) Griffin, natives of this oounty. J. W. Griffin wras a blacksmith by trade, but retired from his trade Avhen about forty years of age, and was until his death extensively engaged in real estate transactions; he died in 1876, in his sixty-third year; Mrs. Griffin yet survives; she is a descendant of Ezra Spalding, Avho Avas one of the four first settlers in the township. Mrs. Sechrist, who is the youngest in a family of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1157 four children, was born in Canton, in January, 1852, and is a member of the Disciple Church. Mr. Sechrist is serving his seventh year on the borough school board; politically, he is a Republican. H. C. SEELEY, conductor on the L. V. R. R., Sayre, is a native of Ridgebury township, this county, and was born November 12, 1848. His parents Avere John F. and Sally M. (Thompson) Seeley, natives of Orange county, N. Y., the former of whom Avas a farmer, and died in Ridgebury, this county, July 2, 1888, in his eightieth year. H. C. See ley is the eighth in a family of nine children — six girls and three boys. Two brothers served in the Civil War, one of whom died of Typhoid fever, near Cape Hatteras, and the other died several years after the close of the war from the effects of a shell wound. Our subject was reared in Ridgebury, and received his education in the common schools. When he became of age he farmed two years, and then Avent on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, in 1872, as brakeman ; was promoted to coal train conductor in 1877, and to freight train conductor in the spring of 1884. He was married, in Athens, in April, 1870, to Miss Mary E., daughter of Solomon and Sally (Taylor) Bosworth, the for mer a native of Athens, and the latter of Windsor county, Vt. Her father was a farmer and died in Athens toivnship, this county, in March, 1861, in his fifty-second year; her mother resides in Sayre. Mrs. Bosworth's uncles, Samuel and Benjamin, were soldiers in the War of 1812. Mrs. Seeley is the youngest in a family of eleven children, and was born in Athens township, November 13, 1853. To Mr. and Mrs. Seeley was born a son, Clair D. Seeley. Mrs. Seeley is a member of the Baptist Church. Mr. Seeley is a member of the Order of Railway Conductors, Southern Tier Divison, No. 10, Waverly, N. Y., and is also a member of the Iron Hall. In politics he is a Republican. I. R. SELLARD, farmer and dairyman, of Canton township, P. O. Grover, is a native of Canton township, this county, and was born July 2, 1849. His parents were Ichabod and Harriet (King) Sellard, natives of Canton township and Tioga county, Pa., respectively. Our subject's father, grandfather and great-grandfather all died in the house where Charles J. McKee now resides, about two and one-half miles south of Canton ; it is probably the oldest house in the town ship, and was built in 1818. The great-grandfather, James Sellard, was a native of Connecticut and removed to Lycoming county, Pa., from there to Tioga county, and settled in Canton township in about 1812, on the old Sellard homestead. The grandfather, Stephen D. Sel lard, served in the War of 1812, and died in May, 1852, in his sixty- fourth year. Ichabod Sellard was born March 24, 1821, and died October 21, 1877. Mrs. Sellard died January 22, 1888, in her sixty- first year. Our subject is the third in order of birth in a family of five children ; he received his education in the common schools and attended the State Normal School at Mansfield, Pa., one year, and taught one term of school ; he OAvns a Avell-improved farm containing 132 acres; also a part of the old Sellard homestead.- He married, in Canton, in 1872, Louise, daughter of Samuel and Malissa (Bates) Fitz- water, natives of Bradford county. Mrs. Sellard is third in a family 68 1158 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of ten children, and was born in Canton township, in January, 1854. To them were born a family of five children, as follows : Minnie, Belle, Helen, Daisy and Mildred. Mrs. Sellard is a member of the Disciple Church. Mr. Sellard is a member of Grover Grange; politically is a Republican, and has served two terms as township treasurer. M. P. SEWARD, of the firm of Seward & Company, proprietors of planing-mill, Sayre, is a native of Broome county, N. Y., and was born October 24, 1847, a son of William and Tamar (Hewitt) Seward, natives of New York, the former of whom was a mechanic and died in Binghamton, N. Y., the latter surviving and now residing in Earls- ville, Delaware Co., Iowa. M. P. Seward, Avho is the second in order of birth in a family of five children, received his education in the com mon schools, and served an apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade in his native county, where he worked until 1875, when he came to Sayre and followed his trade until 1881, Avhen he became a member of the firm of SeAvard & Company, since when he has devoted his time to the success of that establishment. He was married in Bingham ton, N. Y., in 1872, to Miss Rachel Mallinson, whose parents were natives of England. (She was the eighth in a family of twelve chil dren, and was born in Rockland county, N. Y., in 1845, and died Aug ust 6, 1889, a consistent member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and an estimable lady). In the family is an 'adopted daughter, Elsie Seward. Mr. Seward is a member of the Iron Hall, and is a Repub lican in politics. GEORGE W. SEXTON, a farmer of Franklin township, P. O. Powell, was born in Orwell township, this county, March 1, 1839, and is a son of Jabez E. and Jeanett (Jilson) Sexton, both of whom were natives of Connecticut. His father was a son of William Sexton, who removed from the East to this county in 1813, at which time Jabez Avas six years of age. He located on a farm of sixty-five acres in Orwell, on Avhioh he remained all of his life. Jabez lived on the same old homestead seventy-two years, having been born in 1807, and reared a family of nine children — two sons and seven daughters — six of whom grew to maturity, and five are noAv living. Our subject Avas reared and educated in Orwell at the common school, and has ahvays followed farming as an occupation. At the age of twenty -three he attached himself to Company D, One Hundred and Forty-First P. V. I., for the term of three years. He was wounded at the battle of Chancellors ville, and lost his right arm, for which disability he noAv draAvs a pension of $45.00 per month. Mr. Sexton is located on a beautiful farm on Towanda Creek,. near the Monroe line ; he is a general farmer, and, like others along that rich lowland, pays attention to raising tobacco ; is a member of the G. A. R., and is a Republican in politics. ADELBERT SHAW, engineer, P. O. Ulster, was born in Ulster, this county, July 9, 1837, and is a son of Norman and Mary Ann. (Marshall) Shaw, and a grandson of Ebenezer Shaw. Norman Shaw was a farmer, and our subject was born and reared on a farm ; he attended the common schools of Ulster and received a good English education. He Avorked on his father's farm until eighteen years of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1159 age, and then Avas employed on a boat on the North Branch Canal for eight years. He enlisted, in 1862, in the Twenty-fourth Indepen dent Battery, and served until 1864, when he was discharged. He married Anna E., daughter of Martin and Nancy (Brigg) Thorp, and three children were born to them : Rosa, married to Charles Watkins ; Charles, married to Kate Crawley, and May, married to Robert J. Wood. Mr. Shaw is a Republican in politics, and is a member of the G. A. R. URIAH SHAW, farmer and carpenter, Ulster, was born in She shequin township, this county, May 13, 1806, a son of Ebenezer Shaw, a native of Little Compton, Newport Co., R. I., who was born Sep tember 5, 1771, and died at Sheshequin, December 17, 1871, at the extremely advanced age of one hundred years and three months; he was the oldest Freemason in the State at the time of his death, and was buried by the Fraternity. Uriah Shaw, his grandfather, reached the age of eighty-four, and his grandmother ShaAv (before marriage, Campbell), reached sixty-four years of age, while his grandfather Holcomb reached eighty-one, and his grandmother Holcomb reached eighty-three years of age. His mother, Cynthia (Holcomb) ShaAv, Avas born in Barkhamsted, Litchfield Co., Conn., March 17, 1783, and died at Sheshequin, April 10, 1868, aged eighty-five; his father came to Sheshequin in 1786, when fourteen years old; his mother came to Ulster in 1794, being then eleven years old. His parents were married February 26, 1801, among the earliest marriages of this county, and their family consisted of the following children: Laura, Harry, Uriah, Norman, Hiram, Matilda and Ebenezer P. He and one sister, Mrs. Matilda Gore, are the only survivors. He received his early education at the Sheshequin school, and the school-house stood just across the road, and while attending school he would spend his noon recesses threshing Avheat with a flail, in his father's barn. He acquired a good education, for those days, and upon leaving school engaged in teaching, in Rome toAvnship, three months, then for two winters next in succession taught school in Sheshequin in the house near his father's barn, but- abandoned that after a few months, as his salary was but $9 a month and board, "boarding round," and that Avas then considered ample pay. He next engaged as a member of a surveying corps, and assisted in making many surveys in this and adjoining counties, then turned his attention to farming and carpen tering, Avhich he folloAved more or less until June 30. 1868, when he was appointed mail messenger on the route betAveen Ulster and Horn brook; continued at this until May 29, 1872. Avhen, in connection with his sons, Henry and Hiram, he opened the "canal grocery" in Ulster; for some time past he has been carrying the mail to and from the rail road station and postoffice. He was married, January 19, 1832, to Patience Lenity Segar, and to them'were born eight children, viz.: B. F., Ralph, Henry, Samuel, Anna, Cynthia, Hiram F., and Anna (deceased). When a young man he purchased the first lot laid out in Ulster; caught lumber and logs in the drift of the river, built him a plank house, 40x18 feet, two stories, and as soon as it was partially com pleted moved in ; this was the fifth house built in Ulster, and the 1160 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. building in Avhich the second tavern in the township was opened. In religious belief he is a Universalist, and a Republican in politics. HENRY SHAW, station agent, Ulster, was born December 31, 1836, at Ulster, Bradford Co., Pa., son of Uriah and Patience Lenity (Segar) Shaw. He secured a business education, engaged in the mer cantile trade, and in connection with his brother, B. F. Shaw, opened a confectionery and bakery in Towanda, in 1860. In 1861 he pur chased his brother's interest, and was alone for a time, when he sold out and purchased a canal boat, Avhich he ran from Buffalo to New York, returning via Elmira, and from there to Baltimore. He was thus engaged two years, and then Avith his father and brother, Hiram, built and stocked the grocery store on the canal at Ulster, known as the " canal grocery." The firm was U. Shaw & Sons; he continued in the grocery until their business was ruined by the abandonment of the canal, in 1871, and then secured the appointment for agent of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and has held that position to the present time. He has a beautiful home in Ulster, and has saved a fair com petence from his gains in business. On Christmas Day. 1863, he Avas united in marriage with M. E. Smith, daughter of I. W. and Selestia A. (Arnold) Smith, a lady of English descent. To them were born four children, of whom Hattie died in infancy, and Minnie, the wife of W.Ethel Shoemaker, also died; Lulu and Fred Harper live with their parents. The family are Universalists; in politics, Mr. Shaw is Republican. In the possession of Mr. Shaw is one of the first two clocks brought to Bradford county, which was brought by his grand father, Ebenezer Shaw, about the year 1816; it is over seven feet high, and a sight of it carries us back to the old New England kitchen, Avhere it occupied the post of honor and chimed out its music to the pitcher of cider and rosy-cheeked apples. SHEPARD. Among the most prominent families of western Brad ford were two sons of John Shepard, namely, Silas E. Shepard, D. D. (deceased), and Samuel W. Shepard, M. D., of Troy, representatives of the Shepard and Bonesteel families. John Shepard married Elizabeth Bonesteel; he was the son of John and Abigail (Eaton), the son of Daniel and Jane (Hosmer), the son of Daniel and Mary (Smedley), the son of John and Sarah, the son of Ralph and Thanks, Ralph came from England in 1635; died September 11, 1693, aged ninety years. John Milton Shepard, son of Silas E. Shepard, died June 1, 1853. He married, December 29, 1846, Matilda Willey Benton, who was born August 14, 1824. Allen Benton, her father, Avas born June 9, 1792, married July 22, 1819; his wife. Deborah (Willev), was born February 1, 1797. Allen Benton died September 12, 1879; Deborah (Willey) Benton died August 23, 1867. Milton left one -daughter, who mar ried Rev. D. W. Hart, noAv of Wilton, Conn. John Shepard, who mar ried Elizabeth Bonesteel, was born December 26, 1780, died March 8, 1833. Elizabeth Bonesteel was born November 26, 1781, died May 1, 1832. Their children were: Paul, born March 25, 1799, married Mercy Osborne, born May 13, 1800, died October 7, 1876. Silas Eaton, born February 2, 1801, died in Troy, Pa., November 12, 1877; he married Nancy Lake in 1821; had three children: Catherine, John Milton and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1161 Alma Wright. Luke, born March 19, 1803, died April 20, 1837, mar ried Jerusha Boynton; his children were Manly and Jackson. John, born March 28, 1805, died in 1826. Millicent, born September 5, 1807, died in 1826. Stephen A., born October 4, 1809, died in 1888. Betsy Shepard, born in 1812, died in Bay City in 1876. Lysander Curtis, born April 6, 1814. Daniel Bonesteel, born April 19, 1816, died in Bay City in 1875. Samuel W., born September 24, 1818. Rosina, born November 7, 1821, died in 1886. Following is the genealogy of the Bonesteel family on the maternal side of the house: Nicholas Bonesteel, born in Germany about 1695, emigrated to Dutchess county, N. Y., United States of America, about 1720, died near Troy, N. Y., about 1788; was a farmer nearRhinebeck, N. Y.; had five sons — Jacob, Philip, Nicholas, Jeremiah and David — and several daughters; he had only one brother, David. David, brother of Nicholas, came from Germany, and the descend ants of the two brothers are a great race, on both sides of the Hudson river, from New York City to Troy from 1700, now numerous in Ontario, Cattaraugus and Niagara counties, N. Y., and in Northern Penn sylvania. Philip Bonesteel, born in Dutchess county, N. Y., 1753, thence removed, about 1755, to Florida, Montgomery Co., N. Y., had eleven children, and died September 17, 1848, aged ninety-four years ; was with the Shakers at West Pittsfield, Mass.; he was forty-three years a Shaker, and Avas knoAvn as " Father Philip." He married, in 1775, Elizabeth Ray, born in Dutchess county, N. Y., 1754, married in her native county, died in Benton, Yates Co., N. Y., 1814, aged about sixty years. She had brothers, Mathias and Christian; sisters, Margaret (Stirzees), Mary (Pettit), Catherine (Roland). Their father, Christian Ray, born in Germany before 1700, immigrated to America about 1720 in a sail ing vessel, the trip from land to land occupying eleven months, and buried one child at sea; settled in Dutchess county, N. Y.; kept hotel on main thoroughfare, and often entertained General Washington. Him self and wife died just after Revolutionary War. Wife unknown. The sons and daughters of Philip Bonesteel and Elizabeth Ray were Philip, second, married Roland, had a feAv sons and daughters, removed to Wisconsin. Elizabeth married John Shepard, children: Paul, Silas, Luke, John, Betsey, Lysander, Samuel and Rosina, Stephen. John married three times, had twenty -two children; first family in Cattarau gus county, N. Y; second family, in Pennsylvania ; third family, in Niagara, N. Y. Sarah married John Gay, descendants at or near Albion, Mich. Luke married; ATery small family, in West. Amos mar ried; very small family, Wisconsin. Mary married Benjamin Wood, eleven children. Anna married Samuel Carley and then George L. Carley; large family, Oswego county, N. Y. Nicholas married Miss Squire, then married Miss Fosdick; large family, Cattaraugus county, N. Y. Asenath, married Ebenezer Pettit; three daughters and one son, all dead, Livingston county, N. Y. The children of Benjamin Wood and Mary Bonesteel: Elmira married John S. Bristol, both dead ; one daughter and two sons. Mary Ann married Ezra Cornell (deceased), of whom Cornell College took 1102 IIIHTOKY OF BUADFOlin OOUNTY. its name ; nine ohildren, three sons and two daughters now living, at Ithaca, N. Y. Lydia died unmarried. Orrin Squire married Mary I. Mitchell ; married Julia Korbes; married Mrs. Anna Dodd ; two daugh ters and one son, at Staten Island, N. Y. Merritt L. married Caroline B. Sage; no children; Mioanopy, Florida. Emily married Jonathan Dunham; two daughters and one son, at Valley Springs, South Dakota. Harriet (deceased) married Jonathan Dunham. Caroline died unmar ried. Norman B. married Anna Spencer; two daughters living. Otis Eddy married Olivo A. Houtz; two sons living, Ithaca, N. Y. Cor delia M. married Alonzo Chase; three daughters, Rodiield, South Dakota. DR. 8ILAS EATON SHEPARD, son of John and Elizabeth Shepard, was a native of Utica, Oneida Co., N. Y., born of Puritan blood, and from the public schools was a student at tho academy in Norwich, N. Y., and while at this school turned from the Congrega tional to the Baptist Church. Ho came to Shamokin, this State, as a teacher when eighteen, and the same year became a preacher and entered upon the long work of fifty -eight yearn that marked his course in life. He married in 1821, at Washingtonville, Pa., Nancy Lake; visited Canton in 1825, located there in 1827, and purchased a "farm, in Armenia; was regularly preaching at the church in Canton. At this time Dr. Alexander Campbell bocamo known to the world, and Rev. Dr. Shepard accepted Campbell's theological views, and began that thorough course of studying Latin, Greek and Hebrew that soon made him a famous scholar. In 1828 he began preaching in Smithfield and other places in. western Bradford. In 1834 he moved to Auburn, N.Y., editing, the next four years, the I'rimilive Christian. While hero he attacked the prison system and effected a revolution therein; returned to Troy in 1839, and practiced medicine four years uh a homeo path. In 1843 he went to Cincinnati, and was present at Campbell's and Rice's discussion; then returned to Troy and in conjunction with his son Milton preached in Canton, Granville and Smithfield. In 1850 he Avas called to the pastorate of the Church of the Disciples on Sev enteenth street, New York, and was here eight years; while here ho became a member of the American Bible Union for translating the Scriptures, and his translations rank unexcelled. The death of his son Milton recalled him to Troy June 1, 1853; there ho built the house now Hon. Delos Rockwell's. In 1858 he made the tour of Europe, Egypt and the Holy Land. On his return he spent 1801-62 as pastor of the Central Christian Church, of Cincinnati^ when he returned to Troy and now divided his time between this place and New York, at AvorK at the Bible Union, and lecturing, in 1864 he was candidate for State Senator on the People's ticket, and with his party was defeated, In 1865 he went to Indianapolis, and was pastor of a church in that place, and in 1867 he took charge of the new Hiram College of Ohio — a self-educated man at the head of a great institution of learning! lie was now called to Troy by the illness of his wife, and again took up his abode and the work of preaching, and his pen was busy writing those strong and vigorous articles that marked the columns of the Christian Standard and the Christian Quarterly of which he was HISTORY OF BUAUFOKD COVXTY. 11(53 one of the founders, editing the latter many years; and of the good man gone it was well said: " Know ye not that there is a prince and a s.reat. man fallen this dav in Israel i " ""DU. SAMUEL W. SHEPARD was bom in New Berlin. Chenango (then Broome) Co., N. Y. AY hen one year old his parents moved to Pittslield, Mass., where he attended school from live until ten years of age: thence went to Virgil. Cortland Co.. N. Y.. remaining one winter; thence to Bradford county, unending school in Canton and Granville townships until fifteen veal's of age ; thence traveled through Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois. Missouri, Kentucky. Virginia, and returned in January. 1838. after nearly (our years spent in the then " far AY est." He married Amanda- daughter of Scovil Bailey, of Granville, and settled on a farm; having studied medicine several years in various ways as Regular, Thomsonian or Eclectic, he commenced the practice in a small neighborhood, and, in 1840, studied Homeopathy under his brother, Silas K. Shepard, M. D.. avIio was in practice in Troy. His brother removing to New York City, Dr. Samuel took his practice in Avestern Bradford, and has continued with wonderful success until the present time; but now. being in his seventy-third year, he cures not to be burdened Avith the sick. In politics, a lwa as a Democrat. He has held all of the township offices, from school director to justice of the peace, and was three years county auditor; in 1855 he was the Democratic nominee for Representative, receiving every vote in Troy township and borough, but a coalition of the Free-Soilers and Wliisjs defeated the Democrats. In religion he is a Disciple. Dr. S. W. Shepard and Amanda Bailey were joined in wedlock. September 2. 1838. She was a daughter of Scovil and Jerusha (Hail) Bailey, of Gran ville township, formerly of Connecticut, and of this marriage were four children ; the eldest. Jerusha E.. born October 27. 1841, married Mav 7, 1872. AYiUiam ,1. Hillis, M. D.. of Herrick. who died in 1888. She 'has tliree children — two daughters and one son. Lovina, born September 25. 1844. married H. M. Spalding, son of Andrew Spalding, of Canton; they have four children — one daughter and three sons. O'Meara, born in 1847, of Granville Centre, a farmer, has three sons. Earnest, Samuel and Gtws^.of Granville Centre, and Philena.married to A. M. Wooster. of Granville ; they are now living in Troy. Mrs. Wooster has threesons. making thirteen grandchildren, all healthy and understanding the principles of homeopat ii y . The Doctor has bat one brother now living. out of eleven children — eight sons and three daughters. The brother. Lysander Curtis Shepard. Esq.. was born in April. 1814. and never remembers of being confined to the house one day by sickness. He has lived at Fallbrook. Tiojja Co.. Pa., about thirty-five years, except six vears in Raleigh. N. C. When at Fallbrook he held the office of justice of the peace the entiiv time while there. He has three sons and one daughter living, having lost two daughters. The IVetor's relatives are wry numerous on the maternal and paternal sides, living in every State of the Union. MORRIS SHEPARD. ex-sheriff. Towanda, and one of the most prominent farmers of Bradford county, has been county commissioner and recently turned over the office of sheriff to his successor. He was 1164 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. born April 18, 1838, in Wells township, where is his fine farm, a son of Nathan and Jane (Case) Shepard, natives of New Jersey and of English and Scotch descent, respectively. His parents were agriculturists who came to Bradford county in 1836, and located in Wells township on their farm, Avhere the father died in 1862, and reared a family of six children, all of whom grew to their majority. Our subject, who is the third in the order of birth, and was on the old homestead working as a farmer's boy, and attending the schools in about their average way and manner, commenced life for himself with no other hope or ambition than that of being a good farmer. But his neighbors found him out in time, and by their suffrage made him county commissioner, serving a term with distinguished credit, and returned to his farm and private life ; but in 1887 they again called on him to stand for sheriff, and he was elected. His farm is 186 acres of choice land in a high state of cultivation, the whole the proud product of his own energy and patient toil. He was married in Wells township, May 10, 1862, to Mary Jewell, daughter of Rev. Joel Jewell, minister of the Presbyterian Church, and to this marriage have been born children as follows : Charles N., Perry (died aged three years) and Orpha May. The family worship at the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Shepard is a member of Trojan Lodge, No. 306, F. and A. M., Troy, Pa., and is a stanch Republican. O'MEARA SHEPARD, farmer, T. O. Granville Centre, was born in Granville township, this county, March 30, 1847, a son of Dr. Samuel W. and Amanda (Bailey) Shepard. His maternal grandparents, Scovil and Jerusha (Hale) Bailey, natives of Connecticut, were pioneers of Granville, where they settled in 1801. The subject of this memoir Avas reared in Granville, received a public-school education and learned the carpenter's trade, which he followed ten years. In 1878 he located in LeRoy township, where he was engaged in farming five years, and has occupied his present farm in Granville toAvnship since 1883. He married, November 24, 1869, Jennie, daughter of William and Roselta M. (FitzGerald) Bunyan, of Granville. Mrs. Shepard's father, who was a native of Melrose, Scotland, a carpenter by trade, settled in Granville about 1838, and cleared the farm on what is known as Bunyan Hill, now occupied by his sons, Andrew and George, and died there. His wife was a natiAre of New York, and by her he had eleven children : Mary (Mrs. John Jackson); Ann (Mrs. S. C. Wright); William; Silas (killed at the battle of Fort Johnson, July 3, 1863; he was in Company E, Fifty-second Regiment P. Y. I.); Andrew; Frank ; Margaret (Mrs. Newton Landon); Jeanette (wife of the subject); Effie (Mrs. J. W. Duart); George L. and Alice (Mrs. Dayton Saxton). Mr. and Mrs. Shepard have three sons : Ernest N., Samuel W. and George B. Mr. Shepard is a highly respected citizen. ROBERT E. SHERIDAN, foundryman, Athens, is a native of the city of Cork, Province of Munster, Ireland, where he was born in October, 1840, and is a son of Robert and Hanora (Shanahan) Sheri dan, natives of Ireland. His father was a mechanic, and worked in the dock yards, and died in 1849, in his forty-second year, and his Avidow is now a resident of ToAvanda. When the son was nine years HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1165 old his parents came to Port Jervis, N. Y., Avhere he had relatives. He served an apprenticeship at the molder's trade in Port Jervis and Middletown, N. Y., and in 1862 came to Athens, where he remained about four years, during Avhich time he worked about one year in Williamsport, and from Athens went to Wilkes-Barre, and was there two years. He returned to Athens, and in 1869 removed to Owego, N. Y., and worked at his trade until 1890, and then worked a short time in Williamsport. In the spring of 1890 he erected a building, 30x68, for his foundry, where he makes castings for plows, stove trimmings, hitching posts, chimney tops, windoAV weights, and all kinds of castings in the rough. He was married in Athens, in April, 1863, to Miss Mary, daughter of John and Mary (Buck) Doran, natives of Ireland ; she is the fifth in a family of six children, and was born in Athens in 1842. To them Avere born two daughters, Mary and Hanora. The family are members of the Roman Catholic Church, and the father is a Republican, politically. JAMES W. SHINER, harness manufacturer and dealer in hides and wool, Towanda, was born in Towanda, this county, August 4, 1864, and is a son of AndreAV and (Wilcox) Shiner. His paternal grandfather, Stephen Shiner, came from New Jersey to Bradford county in 1836, settling in Towanda township, Avhere he engaged in farming, and died. His wife was Sally A. Pearson, by whom he had nine children, as follows: Silas, Andrew, Stephen, Jacob, Mary A. (Mrs. Wells Goff), Susan (Mrs. John Annis), Phebe J., Lydia E. and Eliza Shiner. His maternal grandfather was James Y. Wilcox, a resi dent of Towanda, where he still resides. Andrew Shiner is a farmer of Towanda township, where he was reared from six years of age. His children were four in number, viz.: Fannie (Mrs. Dr. F. W. Brockway), James W., Charles S. and Fred. James W. Shiner, the subject of the sketch, was reared in Towanda township, received a common-school education, and learned the harness-maker's trade with his grandfather, J. Y. Wilcox, of Towanda, serving an apprenticeship of three years. In 1887 he engaged in business for himself, and has built up a success ful trade. He was married in November, 1886, to Mary E., daughter of Stephen and Caroline (Holmes) Strickland, of Wysox, Pa., and has one daughter, C. Eugenia. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics he is a Republican. ABRAM F. SHOEMAKER, farmer, Granville township, P. O. Granville Summit, Avas born in Granville, this county, May 31, 1833, and is the son of Malachi and Susan (Shafer) Shoemaker, formerly of Luzerne county, Pa., who settled in Granville in 1826, cleared and improved the farm now owned by T. F. Porter, and died there. Their children were : Payne, Catherine (Mrs. Alex. Lane), William, Susan (Mrs. Alva Mitchell), Malachi T., Martha A. (Mrs. Peter Groom), Elizabeth (Mrs. John Fen ton), Mary A. (Mrs. James Davis), Sarah (Mrs. LeAvis Spalding) and Abram F., the latter of whom was reared in Granville, and settled on the farm he now occupies, in 1858, where he has since resided. He married, October 10, 1858, Sophia, daughter of David and Sally (Doavhs) Coe, of Granville, and has four children : Frances E., Hattie (Mrs. O. Hawthorn), L. D. and Harry. Mr. Shoe- 1166 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. maker enlisted, September 27, 1864, in the Civil War, and served in the Fifteenth New York Engineers, and after nine months' service was honorably discharged; he is a member of the G. A. R. and P. of H.; politically he is a Democrat. MAHLON W. SHORES, teacher, Sheshequin township, P. 0. Sheshequin, was born in Sheshequin, this county, April 3, 1863, and is the only son of Meramon and Mary (Shores) Shores, natives of She shequin, and of English origin. He is a descendant .of the Shores family, who occupy so important a place in English history, as well as in the history of Bradford county. Our subject was reared on a farm, educated in the common school, Towanda graded school, Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, and Warner's Commercial College, Elmira, from Avhich he was graduated in 1884. He has taught nine terms of school in Bradford county, and has been salesman in various capacities and in different lines. He is in strong sympathy with the Republican party, but votes purely on principle and for the best man. HENRY W. SHORTELLE, shoemaker, LeRaysville, was born June 23, 1853, a son of Robert P. and Mary (Finn) Shortelle, the latter of whom, Avho is still living Avith her son H. W., was born in Carrick- on-Suir, County Tipperary, Ireland, the third, in the family of six children of Stephen and Margaret (Briscon) Finn. She was married, in 1833, to Robert P. Shortelle, also a native of Ireland, and they came to America in 1836, settling at LeRaysville, where the father was employed as superintendent of a boot and shoe department, and after ward had a shop of his own ; he was for several years overseer of a boot and shoe factory in Elmira, N. Y.; he died November 8, 1859. They had the following children : Patrick, born March 17, 1834, died February, 1836 ; Robert, born 1835, died in infancy; Robert, Jr., born in 1837, died in infancy; Margaret, born 1840, married Perley Coburn, who has been principal of the Elmira Grammer School twenty-six years ; Robert (third), born March 30, 1843 (enlisted as clerk in Company I, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves, in 1861, rose to adjutant's clerk, and his commission of lieutenant arrived the day after his death; he partici pated in fifteen battles, and was killed at Gettysburg, July 3, 1863, by a grape shot ; he Avas a graduate of Binghamton Commercial School) ; Stephen, born in 1845, died 1850 ; James E., born in 1847 (Avas gradu ated from the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, Towanda, appointed cadet at West Point, on recommendation of Judge Mercur, was gradu ated in very good standing in his class, June 12, 1871, and died at Elmira, on his Avay home, August 5, same year. Once, when home on a vacation, a young man by the name of Davis, who had been in the army, requested James to go through the West Point drill to see if it was the same as in the army ; he did so Avith an old musket that had lain untouched many years; when the order was given to "fire" his hand seemed to tremble on the trigger and he refused, but young Davis, who was acting as drill-master, stamped his foot, repeating the command; James then fired and killed Davis instantly; as these two young men were the greatest of friends, the incident is sad to relate, and, as it has been often remarked, "the shot killed them both") .The youngest child is Henry W., born June 23, 1853, a shoemaker by trade, HISTORY OF BRADFORD OOUNTY. 1167 who had a shop for some time in LeRaysville, and has been in the employ of Carl & Pierce several years' The Shortelle family are members of the Roman Catholic Church, and in politics are Republi cans. Mrs. Shortelle was married, January 25, 1868, to Azariah Champion, a farmer in Pike township; he died December 18, 1884. Mrs. Champion, who is now seventy-four years of age, still takes much interest in all kinds of literature; she is a great reader and an excellent conversationalist, fully up Avith the times ; she is one of those types of true and upright Avomanhood one always feels better by having met. JOHN ANDERSON SHUMAN, blacksmith, Sugar Run, Avas born at Tamaqua, Schuylkill Co., Pa., and is the fourth in the family of eight children of George and Mary (McCancey) Shuman, the former a native of Pennsylvania, born of German lineage, and the latter a native of Ireland. He began life for himself at the age of fifteen, blacksmithing with Joseph Geiger, of Mainsville, and after serving an apprenticeship of four years Avent to Lock Haven, and worked at his trade about three years ; then went to Georgia on the Altamaha river, Baird's Bluff, where he remained until 1859, Avorking at his trade ; he then returned to Mainsville, where he was engaged at clerking for a time, but resumed blacksmithing, and finally went into the hotel business, in which he remained about a year, when he sold out and moved to Wilkes-Barre, where he continued in the hotel business two years ; then came to this county, and was employed with Kirkendall & Troxel, lumbering two years ; thence went to Panther's Lick, where he operated a sawmill for Schurchill; then went to Foot of Plain, where he superintended the Schrader Land Go's sawmill at that place, until 1874, when, he removed to Sugar Run and resumed his trade. In 1887 he went to Wyalusing, where he worked at his trade until the spring of 1891, Avhen he returned to Sugar Run. Mr. Shuman married Amanda Gitling, of Columbia county, who died, leaving one child, Kate M., married to H. G. Gouvier, a produce dealer at Hazleton. Mr. Shuman married, for his second wife, Deborah, daughter of Daniel Wilson, of Wilmot. The subjeot of these lines is a member of the I. O. O. F. at Sugar Run, the Masonic Lodge at Laceyville, and the Knights of Pythias at Barclay, and in politics he is a stanch Democrat. WILLIAM SHUMWAY, one of the prominent citizens of Spring Hill, was born, January 17, 1841, on the farm where he now resides. He is a son of Cyrus and grandson of Reuben Shumway, who came from Steuben county, N. Y., in 1803, and settled near the present vil lage of Wyalusing. The grandfather spoken of was an old Revolution ary soldier. When the commander of the Continental forces needed the most trustworthy of his men to guard Maj. Andre, he was the one selected. At another time, Avhen it was deemed necessary that he should perform picket duty at a place where several preceding him had been shot, he said to the officer in charge : " You will hear my gun before morning." That night an Indian, covered with a hog-skin, cautiously approached the sentry, and became a corpse. In every respect a thorough pioneer, he built for himself fourteen log houses, and, as some one has said, " moved into all the empty ones he could find." 1168 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. He located, in 1805, where William now resides, and took from the land office a Go\Ternment land warrant for 436 acres, a considerable share of which is still OAvned by the subject of this sketch, the same having never passed out of the possession of the family. Cyrus ShumAvay was a man of great physical and mental force. His ambition did not allow him to reach middle age, before he had Avrested from the wilderness a valuable home for himself and for those who might succeed him. A large part of this, together with much of his native energy, he transmitted to his son. But he gave him a still better inheritance in training him, by both precept and example, to a life of integrity and usefulness. The settlement of Reuben Shumway is believed to have been the first one made in the township of Tuscarora. The descendant occupy ing these ancestral acres is a man of a thoughtful caste of mind, and of pure truthfulness and honor. Only the generosity of his character has prevented him from being the possessor of large means. Though never an aspirant for public recognition, he has held such positions as are within the gift of his friends and neighbors. In 1874 he materi ally aided in organizing a Farmers' Mutual Insurance Company, which now, among the citizens of eastern Bradford, has risks in force to nearly $3,000,000. This enterprise has been so conducted as to save its members many thousand dollars. At that time he was given a place at the head of the company as president, a position which he has ever since continued to fill. In 1863, he married Addie, daughter of Ferris Ackley, by whom he has two surviving children, the elder one, Daisy, being a graduate of the Susquehanna Collegiate Institute, in the class of '91. His wife dying in 1877, in 1884 he Avas re-married, this time the partner of his choice being Minnie, daughter of George Sumner. Their union has been blessed with three children. In poli tics, by daring to act " upon the courage of his convictions," Mr. Shum way has become a leading " Independent " Republican, and is recog nized, also, wherever known, as one of Bradford county's most progressive farmers. The family are of French extraction, the original ancestors in this country having been Huguenots, who, on account of religious persecution, came to America in about 1695. It should be added, that in every war waged for the creation or preservation of our institutions, its blood has been represented. HENRY R. SIBLE, railroad watchman, Wysox toAvnship, P. O. Wysox, was born in Rome township, Bradford Co., Pa., July 16, 1862, and is the youngest of the four children of Isaac and Alma (Lent) Sible, natives of Pennsylvania. He was reared on a farm, educated in the common school and in the Towanda graded schools, and began life at the age of sixteen at farming, but at twenty began braking on the Lehigh Valley Railroad. While coupling cars at Sugar Run, November 14, 1885, he received an injury by Avhich he lost the two first fingers of his right hand, and on December 14, 1886, his left arm was badly crushed while working in the yard at Towanda. As soon as he was sufficiently recovered, he was employed as Avatchman by the rail road company, and is now stationed at the East Towanda crossing. Mr. Sible was married June 27, 1883, to Miss Sarah, daughter of Isaac HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1169 and Elizabeth (Walker) Schoonover, of ' Standing Stone, this county, natives of New Jersey and Pennsylvania, respectively. Mr. and Mrs. Sible have had born to them two children : Edna L., born January 19, 1888, and Pearl M., born July 29, 1890. Mr. Sible has always been identified with the Republican party. A. J. SILYARA, merchant, Siivara," was born in Tuscarora town ship, this county, August 18, 1828, a son of Manuel and Janette (Marsh) Siivara, the former of whom was born in Portugal, and, when about seventeen years of age, came to America, and worked for a man by the name of Nichols, learning the mason's trade, which he continued about three years, and then removed to the then Avilderness of Bradford and located on what is now Spring Hill ; there he cleared up a farm, which after a few years' residence he exchanged for wild land around where the hamlet of Siivara now stand. Here he resided nearly fifty years, and was largely instrumental in clearing up and settling the country about him ; he has always been a farmer and lum berman, and built two of the first sawmills of the section ; by the time of his death he had accumulated a considerable fortune in money besides a large tract of land containing over 800 acres. His family consisted of the folio Aving children: Joseph, a doctor (now deceased); B.M., amerchant and banker of Dushore, Pa.; Eliza Ann, married to Robert Cooley (deceased); Theodore,a retired farmer, of Tuscarora township; A. J.; John, Avho was accidentally drowned in Muncy creek, Pa.; Emily, married to Charles Davidson (deceased); L. B.,a traveling salesman, residing in Sii vara; E. L., speculator and broker, of Perry, Mich. A. J. Siivara passed his boyhood on a farm, and received a limited common-school educa tion ; at his majority he began business for himself, adopting farming as an occupation. After fifteen years he entered mercantile business in the hamlet of Siivara, opening a store in a building where he con tinued about five years, and then built the room he now occupies, where he has continued in business to the present time, conducting a general store. Besides his mercantile business he owns about 230 acres of valuable land and various building lots, etc. Mr. SihTara was united in marriage, October 31, 1855, with Margaret E., daughter of Thomas Taylor, a prominent farmer of Tuscarora, and has a family of five children : Cora Edna, married to B. P. Raub, a steam sawmill owner, of Emporium, Pa.; M. T., married to Francis Bunnell, a farmer, of Wyoming county; T. A., married to Ethna Bennett, a farmer, of Siivara; Lillie E. and Hinkley S. Politically Mr. Siivara is a Republi can, and has filled the various town offices ; in 1870 he was appointed postmaster at Siivara, and with the exception of four years under Cleveland's administration has filled the office since. Mr. Siivara ranks well toward the front among the successful men of the county. WILLIAM R. SIMS, farmer, P. O. Troy, was born in Troy town ship, this county, November 26, 1842, and is a son of John and Char lotte (Case) Sims, the former of whom, a farmer by occupation, was born in Wells township, but spent most of his life in Troy township, where he died at the age of sixty years; his wife was a daughter of Reuben and Statira (Hugg) Case, and granddaughter of Reuben and Experience (Nichols) Case, who settled in Troy toAvnship in 1170 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1798; her father was the first white male child born in Troy township. To this union were born seven children: William R., Jerusha (Mrs. James Worden), Laura (Mrs. B. Frank Newberry), James, Jane (Mrs. John Mershon), Mary (Mrs. John Soper) and Charles. William R. Sims Avas reared in Bradford county, and educated in the common schools. In the Civil War he enlisted, October 14, 1861, in Company C, Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry; he participated in all the experiences of the regiment, with the exception of six months he was on detached duty; he Avas promoted to corporal, then to sergeant, and was honorably discharged as second lieutenant at Macon, Ga., August 27, 1865, and mustered out at Harrisburg, Pa., September 14, 1865. He then returned to Troy, where he Avas engaged in farming until 1884. He was then appointed superintendent of the insane department of the County Poor House, which position he filled acceptably six and one- half years. On March 1, 1891, he located in Columbia township, on the farm he now occupies. He married, September 26, 1867, Phebe A., daughter of William and Lucy (Barber) Brewer, of Weils toAvn- ship, and has one son, Frank E. Mr. Sims is a member of the F. & A. M., I. O. O. F., G. A. R. and the Patrons of Husbandry; politically he is a Republican. CHARLES J. SLEEPER, farmer and stockman, Warren township, P. O. Warren Centre, one of the prominent citizens of the county, was born September 9, 1827, a son of John and Abigail (Lathrop) Sleeper, natives of Yermont and Connecticut, respectively, farmers. John Sleeper came to this county in 1820, and located in Warren township, where he. married Abigail Lathrop in 1826 ; he died, August 25, 1865 ; his widow died January 9, 1889 ; their family of children Avere three in number, viz.: Charles J., John F. (married to Susan Stevens, has two children and resides in the township) and Caroline (Mrs. James A. Nichols), of Warren toAvnship. Charles J. Sleeper grew to strong manhood in the old family home, learning more of work than books, and early commenced farming on his oavh account ; he has prospered well and now owns 100 acres of highly-improved and Avell-cultivated land, finely equipped with good and substantial build ings. He was married in Susquehanna county, December 23, 1855, to Jane E., daughter of Robert and Parmela (Baily) Sleeper, natives of Yermont and New Hampshire, respectively, and of English extraction ; they had only one child, Jane E. The family came to this countv in 1865 ; the father died May 20, 1865, the mother on July 4, 1882. " To Mr. and Mrs. Charles J. Sleeper were born three children, viz.: Yielda (Mrs. Alfred Day), of Susquehanna county, Silas and Fred. Mr. Sleeper is a, Democrat, and during President Cleveland's term he was postmaster at Warren Centre. The Sleeper family have an ancient and honorable record, dating back to the early and prominent people of Bradford county. Mr. Sleeper's father, John, was the son of Robert and Catherine (Fox) Sleeper, natives of Yermont, who both died in 1850; their family of children Avere ten in number, of whom John was the fifth, in the order of birth. GEORGE B. SLEEPER, farmer, Warren Centre, is a native of Warren township, this county, born April 28, 1844, and is a son of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1171 Josephus and Maria (Bowen) Sleeper. His father was a native of Ver mont, and his mother of Warren toAvnship, a daughter of George Bowen. The father, who was a farmer, came to this county in 1818, when it was still a wilderness, and hewed away the dark woods to make his farm on which he lived ; he died January 8, 1889 ; the mother died September 5, 1860. Their family consisted of eight chil dren, viz.: Catherine, Olive, George B., Thomas J., David A., Laura, Robert F. and James D. Their father Avas twice married, his second wife being Mary E. Bowen, a sister of the first wife, and by her there were tAvo children : Willie and Mabel. The subject of this sketch, who is the third child in the family by the first wife, grew to manhood in his family, was educated in Warren Centre, engaged in farming and has followed same with eminent success, clearing his own way to fortune, and is the possessor of 140 acres of well-tilled and improved land, one of the finest farms in the county ; has also a fine residence in the Centre, where he now lives. He was married here to Mary L., daughter of Caleb and Rebecca (Goff) Abell, natives of Rhode Island and Massachusetts, respectively ; they had five children, as follows : Nancy B., Sarah A., Caleb T., Mary L. and Lois R. To Mr. and Mrs. George B. Sleeper were born three sons, viz.: Merton A. (a clerk in NeAV York), G. Milton and Roy A. Mr. Sleeper is a Republican , has been elected a justice of the peace for two terms, and has been assessor twice. This is one of the much esteemed families of Bradford county, well known for integrity and industry. JOHN JAY SLOCUM, farmer, Pike township, P. O. LeRaysville, Avas born in Herrick, this county, September 16, 1848, a son of Micajah and Mary E. (Fairchild) Slocum; the father was a shoe-maker and farmer, native of Connecticut and of New England origin ; the mother a native of Pennsylvania and of NeAV England lineage. In Micajah's family there Avere six children, of whom John Jay is the third. He Avas reared on the farm, educated in the common school, and began life for himself at the age of twenty-one, retailing milk in Bingham ton, N. Y., where he remained six months ; then worked for P. J. McCauley six months, and worked on the farm with his father, who died September 21, 1877, at the age of eighty -one. Our subject pur chased the homestead consisting of 165 acres of well-improved land, known as the " Perley Buck farm ; " and has since built two large barns and a dwelling-house. Mr. Slocum was married, February 26. 1875, to Helen A., daughter of Joel and Celinda (Acla) Chilson, of Durell. Her parents and grandparents were early settlers. Mr. and Mrs. Slocum have one child, Hattie A., born January 8, 1877. Mr. Slocum is a brother of Oscar B. Slocum, baggage master for the Lehigh Yalley Railroad at Wilkes-Barre. In politics he is a Republican. WINFIELD S. SLUYrTER, farmer, P. O. Towanda, was born February 24, 1855, a son of William A. and Polly (Bennett) Sluyter; his father was a native of Allegany county, N. Y., and his mother of this county, Avhose ancestors were among the earliest settlers, and of German and Irish extraction. Winfield S. was born in this county, and reared on his father's farm, the one on Avhich he now lives. He was married, August 25, 1880, to Mary J., daughter of John and Emma L. 1172 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. (Adams) McQueen, who were of Scotch and English ancestry. Mr. Sluyter is the seventh in a family of ten children, two of whom, Sylvester and Alonzo, were in the Civil * War, Avhere they both died. Mrs. Sluyter is third in a family of ten children, four of whom are living. There have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Sluyter five children, as follows : Anna (died in childhood), Edwin H. (born June 5, 1882), Frank M. (born July 15, 1883), John B. (born December 14, 1884), Bertha M. (born October 19, 1886). Mr. Sluyter is a Republican, and takes an active interest in public affairs. He has a fine farm, under a good state of cultivation, and has combined with general farming that of market gardening and the raising of tobacco. The family are widely esteemed and prominent in the social affairs of the county. DAYID SMILEY, farmer, P. 0. West Franklin, Avas born in Can ton, Pa., September 7, 1822, the son of John and Susannah (Stone) Smiley, of Avhom the former was born near Lewisburg, Pa., and the latter in this county. John Smiley was the son of Thomas Smiley, one of the early settlers in West Franklin; John had a family of eight children, all of whom grew to maturity, and six of them are now living. David is the eighth in the family, and was reared and edu cated in Canton and Franklin ; he always fived and worked on a farm. ; he commenced with nothing and now has a farm of 120 acres of fer tile land. On September 23, 1846, he married, in Towanda, Miss Phebe Ann, daughter of Alpheus and Hannah (Kingsbury) Holcomb, natives of Connecticut, and who belong to the old class of settlers of LeRoy. To Mr. and Mrs. Smiley have been born four sons and two daughters : Oscar, married to Hattie Newell ; Flora, married to B. M. Walters; Augusta, married to M. R. Foster; 0. L., married to Lizzie Taylor ; O'Mera, and Jay, married to Blanche Andress. Mr. Smiley entered the army in 1864, and served during the remainder of the con flict, attached to Company L, Twelfth N. Y. C; Col. Savage com manding, and now in his old age draws a pension. He has retired from business in favor of his sons, O'Mera and Jay. His son O. L. has been honored with the office of deputy register and recorder, while he himself holds some important town offices; he is a member of the G. A. R., in faith a Baptist, and a Republican in politics. ALYAH C. SMITH, of Smith Brothers & Turner, furniture deal ers and undertakers, Towanda, was born in Wysox township, this county, January 19, 1845, and is a son of John B. and Lucinda (Hor ton) Smith. He was educated in the common schools and Susque hanna Collegiate Institute at Towanda, and. since attaining his majority has been engaged in farming and dairying. In 1886 he became a member of the firm of Smith Brothers & Turner, leading furniture dealers of Towanda, and has been a resident of the borough since 1887. Mr. Smith has been twice married ; his first wife was Louisa Sanders, and his second wife was Isabel, daughter of Darius R. and Anna S. (Merwin) Manley, of Monroe county, Pa., and by her has one son, Randolph A. Mr. Smith is a member of the Methodist Church and of the K. of P. In politics he is a Republican, and he held several offices while a resident of North Towanda. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1173 CADY SMITH, physician and surgeon, Alba, is a native of Ames, Montgomery Co., N. Y.,*born July 11, 1849, a son of Charles and Ellen (BoAvman) Smith, natives of Herkimer and Flat Bush, N. Y., respect ively. Charles Smith Avas a mill-wright by trade, and died in Schuyler county, N. Y., October 28, 1890, in his seventy-fourth year. Mrs. Smith still survives him, and resides in Schuyler county, N. Y. The subject of this memoir is the youngest in order of birth in a family of four children, viz.: Dr. O. W. Smith, of Union Springs, N. Y.; Mary A. Wellar and Elsie Wilier, of Monterey, N. Y., and Cady. He was reared in Schuyler county, N. Y., from the time he Avas five years of age ; received a public-school education, read medicine for three years, and was graduated from the Eclectic Medical College of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, in 1879; also attended the Medico-Chirurgical College, of Philadelphia, during the winters of 1887 and 1888." The Doctor began the practice of his profession in West Burlington, where he remained three months ; then removed to Schuyler county, N. Y., and Avas there until February, 1881, Avhen he came to Alba, and has since been practicing his profession in that place. Dr. Smith Avas married, July 5, 1869, to Julia E., daughter of R. H. and Eliza D. (Goddard) Ward, natives of Troy and West Burlington townships, respectively. R. H. Ward was a blacksmith by trade, and died in West Burlington, June 7, 1888, in his seventy-fifth year. Mrs. Ward still survives him, and resides in West Burlington. Mrs. Smith is the third in order of birth in a family of six children, and was born in Burlington, August 15, 1849. The family are members of the Disciple Church. The Doctor and wife are members of the Equitable Aid Union ; he is also a member of the Schuyler County Medical Association ; is justice of the peace, also school director, a position he has filled seven years, and has been secretary of the board during that time ; politically he is a Republican. He is liberal in religion, medicine and politics. C. 0. SMITH, merchant, Camptown, Avas born at Skinner's Eddy, Wyoming Co., Pa., June 30, 1855, a son of Leon and Mary (Bryant) Smith. His father was born in New Hampshire, and learned the trade of a blacksmith, in the shop of his father; he followed that business until forced from active life on account of failing health, and removed with his parents to Wyoming county, in 1828, and still resides there, being now in his sixty-eight year; was a soldier of the Rebellion, and served his country faithfully throughout the war. He had a family of five children, viz.: C. C; Lillie 0., married to Arthur L. Vander- voort, of Skinner's Eddy; Prescott A.; Leonie, married to G. P. Stal ford, agent for the L. V. R. R., at Laceyville; and EdAvard E. Our subject passed his boyhood at Skinner's Eddy, and received a good common-school education; when twenty years of age he entered the office of the L. Y. R. R., at Skinner's Eddy, and learned telegraphy ; Avhen twenty-one Avas appointed night operator at Tunkhannock, and, remaining there three months, was then appointed day operator at Wyalusing, Avhere he remained from 1875 to 1881; then spent a short time in Colorado, but returned to Bradford county, and in con nection with his brother, P. A. Smith, purchased the mercantile busi ness of C. S. Lafferty, of Camptown, where they have since continued 69 1174 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. as the firm of Smith Brothers. They have one of the most commodi ous stores in the county, and have it stocked with general merchan dise, hardAvare, stoves and tinware, drugs, etc. They carry the greatest variety of goods of any firm in the county, and besides their mercan tile interests have invested largely in real estate in California and Col orado, the investments being made under the direct supervision of Mr. C. C. Smith, who spent some time in those localities, in 1889. Mr. Smith has also made numerous inventions, among which we may men tion a revolving baggage check, patented both in the United States and England (in the former, April 20, 1884, and in the latter, March 15, 1884), Avhich check is now in use on the Queen & Crescent route; also a spring for buggies and platform wagons, patented in 1884; a sure cure for sick headache, which remedy was a discovery of Dr. P. H. Sumnee, but Mr. Smith owns a one-half interest in the patent; a ribbon clasp, patented in 1891, and "Crow net," a game to be played with disks and board, and one of the most interesting games ever invented, patented in 1889. He has pushed most of these articles to a successful issue. He was united in Avedlock, October 23, 1885, with Mary E. Avery, daughter of Major AATery, of Camptown, and this union has been blessed with two children, Raymond, born September 25, 1886, and Bryant E., born December 29, 1889. Mr. Smith is a member of the Baptist Church, of CamptoAvn; of the I O. O. F. Lodge, No. 503, and is past grand ; politically, he is identified with the Prohibition party; is one of the successful business men of the county, and has made a record of which he may be justly proud. CLARK H. SMITH, superintendent of the Sayre Steam Forge and Iron Works, Sayre, is a native of Paterson, N. J., born January 20, 1852, and is a son of Henry and Lucinda (Babcock) Smith, natives of New Jersey. His father was a farmer, and died in his native place, in 1865, in his fortieth year, while his mother died in 1885, in her fiftieth year. His great-grandfather, Babcock, was a soldier in the Revolution ary War. Clark H. Smith is the second in a family of four children ; he received a common-school education, and learned the iron-worker's trade in Paterson, N. J., with the Paterson Forge and Iron Works, and worked there until 1873, Avhen he went to work for William S. Sizer, in Buffalo, N. Y. He Avorked there about eight years, and the last three years was superintendent of the mill. When he left there he went to Boston, in the employ of Fisher & Son, Locomotive Forge Works, and Avas there about three months Avhen he returned to Buffalo and Avas superintendent for the Henry Childs Buffalo Steam Forge Company for about fourteen months. He then gave up the forge business, about two years, on account of his health, and went to Pittsburgh. He Avorked in the Locomotive Works about a year, then returned to Buf falo, and was superintendent for the Buffalo Steam Forge Company about fifteen months; thence Avent to Kingston, Canada, and worked in the Locomotive Works there, about two years, after which he returned to the Pittsburgh Locomotive Works, then came to Sayre, and accepted the position he now has. He married, in Paterson, N. J., April 13, 1873, Miss Margaret, daughter of James and Margaret (Taylor) Feeney, natives of Ireland (she is the second in a family of six children, and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1175 was born in Paterson, N. J., in July, 1851). To them were born seven children, viz.: Henry C, Frank E., Joseph (deceased), Charles, Lucy, Mable and William. Mr. Smith is a member of the Ancient Order of United Workmen, and votes the Republican ticket. GEORGE G. SMITH, farmer, of Windham township, P. O. Wind ham Centre. This gentleman has worked his way slowly but surely from the very first round in life's ladder, and is surrounded Avith a large and influential family and a sufficient competence of this world's goods. He Avas born in Parry, New York, January 2, 1820, and is a son of Robert and Katie (Shaw) Smith, natives of the same State, and of remote German origin. The father, who was a farmer, departed this life in December, 1826, and the motherin August, 1827; their children were three in number, George G. being the second in order of birth. He had but limited school advantages up to the age of twelve, when he came to Windham township, Bradford Co., Pa., where he Avorked on a farm five years, and then went to Athens, where he learned mill ing, and remained two years ; then tended mill in Windham, three years; then bought a farm on which he staid tAvo years; when he sold and commenced milling again, tending Russell's Mill two years ; then moved to Susquehanna county and tended mill three years, at the end of which time he bought the place where he now lives, resumed agricultural pursuits, and now is the owner of a fine farm of 150 acres, having divided his land with his children, giving them the same amount as he retained for himself. Mr. Smith was married in Windham to Annie Webster, daughter of Joseph Webster, and she bore him children, as follows : Robert, Joseph W., Jasper, Elenor (wife of Abel Bordman), Achsa W. (who married Samuel Harding, died in 1882), George and Annie (wife of Edward JakeAvay). The mother of these children dying, Mr. Smith, married, in 1881, at Rock Creek, 111., Mrs. Ruth E. Ellsworth, of whom the following is a brief record : Mrs. George Smith (whose maiden name was Miss Ruth Crandall) was born February 22, 1821, in the town of Windham. Her father, Daniel Crandall, a resident of Greenwich, Washington Co., N. Y., remoAred to Windham in or about the year 1816. He was one of the pioneer settlers of the town, and carved out a home from the heavily timbered forest of that day. What was known as the "cold summer " came the year following his settlement in Windham. The frost continued during the summer, and all the crops were ruined. Great suffering followed, and it was with great difficulty that food was procured in sufficient quantity to sustain life. Mr. Crandall Avas a successful farmer and cleared a large tract of land. His useful life was cut short by a sad accident. While engaged Avith a large company of neighbors in assisting a sick friend, he.Avas killed by the fall of a tree. Ruth Crandall was the youngest of eight children, and is the only sur vivor. At the age of twenty years she was married to Mr. Charles Ellsworth, of Orwell, Pa., Avith whom she lived thirty-three years, or until his death in 1874. To them were born five children : M. L. Ellsworth, a war veteran, at present engaged in business in Wahoo, Neb.; P. F. Ellsworth, a farmer, living in Windham Centre; Fronia Ellsworth, married to Mr. H. J. Lee, one of the leading business men 1176 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of Nebraska; J. S. Ellsworth, educated at Lafayette College and Union Theological Seminary, and at present pastor of the Congrega tional Church, Newark Yalley, N. Y.; Mira Ellsworth, married to L. E. Chubbuck, of Orwell, now a successful business man of West Point, Neb. The children are all married and settled. Mrs. Smith lived a widow eight years, and was re-married at sixty, Mr. Smith being sixty-one. The family are of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Smith is a Freemason, and has passed all the chairs of his Lodge. Politically he votes the Republican ticket, and has held the office of road commissioner. G. S. SMITH, one of the prominent business men of ToAvanda, was born in Orange county, N. Y., October 12, 1830, and is a son of Ira and Sally (Crawford) Smith, whose nativity was the same, and Avho Avere of remote Irish descent, and farmers by occupation. The father died in 1879, and the mother in 1880 ; they were intelligent and Avell- to-do people, who during life drew about them a wide circle of acquaint ances and friends, and reared a family of ten children that were greatly respected, and of Avhom our subject is the fourth in order of birth. The son was with his parents until aged eighteen, and had been giATen a fair education, Avhen he Avas apprenticed to the carpenter's trade, which he folloAved several years. In 1867, soon after the close of the Avar, he removed to Towanda, and soon thereafter organized his pres ent bottling works, commencing originally in a most limited way, but has built the business to its present enlarged proportions. He Avas married at Patterson, N. Y., October 1, 1854, to Miss Julia Decker, a daughter of Halsey Decker, of German descent, and to them were born children, as follows: Jennie M. (Mrs. I. P. Spalding), and C. Irvin, the latter of whom is employed with his father in their factory. He was born in Orange county, N. Y., February 14, 1856, and came to this county with his' parents when young. He Avas educated in the higher branches in Towanda Collegiate Institute, and for some time thereafter acted as traveling salesman. He married Anna E. Smith (families entirely distinct), daughter of Stephen W. Smith, of English descent. In this case the father and son are Democrats, members of the I. O. 0. F., and the son is an active member of the Towanda Fire Company, and has served as foreman of Hose Company No. 2. The entire family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. J. H. SMITH, farmer, Wyalusing toAvnship, P. O. Wyalusing, Avas born in Sussex county, N. J., January 30, 1835, a son of Fred erick and Catherine (Probasco) Smith. The father was a native of Bucks county, Pa., and the mother of Holland ; the father is still liv ing in his ninety-first year, is a farmer and lived many years near Scranton ; the mother died in 1885, aged eighty. J. H. Smith, the subject of this sketch, was reared on his father's farm, and after receiving a common-school education engaged in farming. Jle enlisted, August 15, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Forty- third P. Y. I., and serAred until June 12, 1865, when he was discharged with his regiment; during his military career he participated in the following engagements: Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, South Anna, Poe River, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Wei- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1177 don Railroad, Poplar Grove Church and numerous minoi engage ments ; was twice in the hospital for sickness, caused by exposure and fatigue. He came to Wyalusing in the fall of 1865, and for a few months drove the stage from Wyalusing to Towanda; then resumed farming and followed that many years. He was united in marriage, April 15, 1866, Avith Eliza B., daughter of Samuel and Mary Ann (Overpack) Smith. Her first husband, A. L. Smith, was brother of J. H. Smith, and was killed April 9, 1865, while marching to Appomat tox ; he was a member of Company B, One Hundred and Ninety- ninth P. Y. I. Her father, who is a farmer, still resides in Herrick toAvnship, now aged eighty-two years. By her first marriage there was born one child, E. W, who married Esther Conklyn ; he is a loco motive fireman in the employ of the Lehigh Yalley Railroad Com pany, and resides in Sayre; her second marriage has been blessed with four children ; Andrew W., Charlie (deceased), Genevieve (deceased), and Georgie May. The family worship at the Methodist Episcopal Church of Wyalusing; Mr. Smith is a charter member of Jackson Post, No. 74 ; G. A. R. , and has filled all the offices except commander ; in politics he is identified Avith the Republican party, but has never been an office seeker. JOHN M. SMITH, farmer and stock-grower, Sheshequin, a native of the county, was born February 22, 1837, a son of Isaac and Permilla (Horton) Smith. When our subjeot was but two years old his father died, and he made his home with his grandfather, John M. Smith, in the vicinity of Hornbrook. After his father's death his mother mar ried William Tuttle, is a second time a widow, and resides in Litch field. When twenty-one years old John M. began farming for himself, on the farm of his grandfather. He enlisted, September 19, 1862, in Company D, Seventeenth Regiment Pennsylvania Cavalry, and served under "Gallant Phil" during his entire time, and was discharged at Point Lookout, May 14, 1865, on account of disability from a wound received while on skirmish duty. He participated in the battles of Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Manas sas, Winchester, the raid down the Shenandoah Yalley, Fair Oaks, etc. May 12, 1864, at the skirmish before the battle of Meadow Bridge, he was dismounted and fighting as infantry, when he received a severe wound from a minie-ball, which struck him in the upper arm close to the shoulder, and ranged downward, shattering the bone and lodging above the elbow joint, where it Avas cut out four days after; but as the bone was shattered to the shoulder joint amputation was impossible. He was in Point Lookout Hospital three months, without hope of recov ery. When his wife learned of his condition, she reached him and secured a furlough for him, and by assiduous care rendered his condi tion such as to enable her to bring him home, and nursed him through long months of suffering. His furlough was renewed nine times before he could again join his regiment, which he did in the spring of 1865, and served about three months, when he was discharged. The wound has never healed, and he now draws a pension, and feels that his life is due to the heroic devotion of his wife. He purchased, in 1884, the farm he now occupies, which contains twenty-five acres of bottom-land, 1178 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and is well improved. He was married, January 1, 1861, to Sarah, daughter of Benjamin and Christina (Beadle) Shields, natives of Ne\v York ; she was born in Otsego county, N. Y., and came to this country with her parents about 1860, and located at Hornbrook, where her parents died. They had a family of ten children, all of whom are living, and of whom she is the eighth. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have one child, Dellie, who married Isaac Collins, foreman of one of the depart ments of the Athens Bridge Works. They are members of the Meth odist Episcopal Church; and Mr. Smith is a member of Perkins Post, G. A. R.; also a member of the Union Yeteran Legion, Encampment No. 28, Athens; politically he is a Republican. LESTER S. SMITH, farmer, of Tuscarora township, P. 0. Lacey ville, Wyoming county, Avas born on his present place, January 20, 1853, and is a son of George W. and Polly A. (Wood) Smith, natives of Pennsylvania, and of New England origin. In his father's family were six children: Sheperd (deceased), George (a merchant of Lacey ville), Sarah E. (deceased), Fred E. (deceased), Emma A. (married to William Overton, a farmer in Nebraska) and Lester S. The subject of these lines began life for himself, farming, at eighteen, on his pres ent place, which contains about 100 acres of the best farming land in Bradford county, and upon which he has recently erected the finest residence in Tuscarora township. He was married, December 9, 1877, to Miss E\7a M., daughter of David H. and Anna (Lacey) Rugg, natives of Pennsylvania, and residents of Tuscarora township. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have two children: Lloyd, born September 28, 1878, and Flor ence, born January 3, 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are members of the Baptist Church at LaceyAille, of Avhich he is deacon, and in politics he is a pronounced Republican. P. A. SMITH, merchant, Camptown, is the junior member of the firm of Smith Brothers, general merchants, of Camptown. He was born at Skinner's Eddy, Wyoming Co., Pa., May 20, 1859, receiving the benefits of a common-school education, and at the age of fifteen entered the employ of T. B Yosburg as a clerk in a general store at Skinner's Eddy, where he remained until 1878, when he removed to Camptown, and entered the store of C. S. Lafferty, a merchant of that place, and remained with him until 1880, when he and his brother, C. C. Smith, purchased the business of Mr. Lafferty, Avhich they have enlarged and increased, and still conduct, as is noted in his brother's sketch. He was united in marriage, May 16, 1883, with Lettie J. Fuller, and their union has been blessed with three children : Adah Lenora (born May 29, 1884) ; Leon A. (born February 25, 1888), and Guy (born January 31, 1889). Mr. Smith is a member of the Baptist Church, and fills the positions of deacon, clerk and trustee of the same; he is a member of the Wyalusing Lodge, No. 503, I. O. O. F.; politically he has cast his lot Avith the Prohibition party. P. J. SMITH, D. D. S., Towanda, one of the prominent profes sional men of the borough, Avas born July 3, 1851, a son of James and Diana (Shores) Smith, Pennsylvanians, and of ancient English descent. The father was a carpenter and farmer, spent the most of his useful life in Sheshequin township, and reared a respectable family HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1179 of three sons and four daughters, who spent their happy childhood on their parents' farm. Dr. Smith was a student in the Towanda Col legiate Institute, taking a classical course and acquiring a thorough knowledge of civil engineering; from his literary school he entered the Pennsylvania University, and was graduated in dental surgery in 1879; in the meantime had taken a two years' course in physic and surgery. He opened his dental office in 1880, and in 1885 removed to his present office, where he has had unusual success in building up a large and lucrative practice. He was married, in 1885, to Kate, daughter of Adolphus and Jennie (Catlin) Saxton, a family of English origin, and to them has been born one child, Miles C. Smith. Mrs. Smith is a leading and exemplary member of the Disciple Church. Dr. Smith is a Mason and aRepublican. The family are much esteemed in the social circles of the borough and vicinity. WILLIAM H. SMITH, senior member of the firm of Smith Bros. & Turner, furniture dealers and undertakers, Towanda, was born in Leavenworth, Ind., December 30, 1839, and is a son of John B. and Lucinda (Horton) Smith. His paternal grandfather, John M. Smith, was a son of Jesse Smith, a native of Connecticut, who was among the pioneers of Wysox toAvnship, this county, where he cleared and improved a farm, on which he died. John M. Smith, his paternal grandfather, was a life-long resident of Sheshequin township, a farmer by occupation, and died there. He reared a family of eleven children, of whom John B. was the third child and the third son. John B. Avas born, reared and married in Sheshequin township, and, with the exception of two years that he lived in Indiana, his life Avas spent in Bradford county ; he died in North Towanda township, in September, 1882; his wife, Lucinda, was a daughter of Elijah Horton, a pioneer of Sheshequin township, and by her had six children, viz.: Clark, Rachel (Mrs. G. L. Fuller), William H., Melissa (Mrs. George W. Hor ton), Alvah C. and Orris (Mrs. Leslie Mills). William H. Smith, tlie subject of the sketch, was reared in Bradford county, educated in the common schools, and, on reaching his majority, engaged in farming in Wysox township, until 1870, when he removed to North Towanda, and commenced farming and dairying, in which he is still interested. In 1886 he embarked in the furniture and undertaking business, in Towanda, with his brother, Alvah O, and John C. Turner, and they have built up a successful trade. Mr. Smith married, in April, 1866, Eunice L., daughter of Lewis and Jemima (Shores) Gillett, of Sheshe quin township, and has two daughters, Mildred and Myra B. Mr. Smith is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, of the I. O. O. F., and State Grange; he is serving his first term as member of the Towanda council, and is a Republican in politics. W. A. and M. D. SMITH, merchants, Wilawana, were born in Ridgebury, this county, W. A., October 19, 1861, and M. D. Septem ber 10, 1863. They are the sons of W. H. and Amy J. (Lefter) Smith, the former of whom was born in Genesee county, N. Y., the latter in Ridgebury, Pa. W. H. Smith is the son of Henry Smith, who removed to this county about 1840, located in Ridgebury, where he died in 1881, at the age of seventy-six years. W. H. has lived near the 1180 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. old homestead and confined himself to farming in general; his family consists of five sons, all living. The subjects of this memoir, who are the first and second in order of birth in the family, were reared and educated at Ridgebury. W. A. attended the High School at Waverly, where he graduated with honor ; afterward taught schgol several terms, commencing Avhen he was seventeen years of age. In April, 1888, the tAvo brothers commenced business in Wilawana under the firm name of Smith Brothers, carrying a full line of groceries, provis ions, drugs, farming machinery etc.; they are also commission mer chants, doing a large business in the shipment of butter, grain, hay, coal, etc. Last year their trade accumulated to $13,000. W.A.Smith married, in Elmira, in March, 1888, Miss Carrie, daughter of EdAvard and Elizabeth Cain. M. D. married June 24, 1891, Miss Clara, daugh ter of Charles Thomas, at Wellsburg, N. Y. Mrs. W. A. Smith is postmistress, the office being in her husband's store, and this is her third year. AUGUSTUS E. SNEDEKER, of Snedeker & Mitchell, lumber manufacturers, Troy, Avas born in Canastota, N. Y., November 11, 1846, and is a son of William H. and Eliza (Gray) Snedeker. The father, Avho was a native of Dutchess county, N. Y., settled in Columbia toAvnship in 1865, where he has since been engaged in an extensive lumber business; was for many years engaged in general merchandising, and owns a large tract of land ; his children Avere seven in number: Carrie (Mrs. Jerry Ryan), Cora (Mrs. Charles Mitchell), Jessie (Mrs. Sam Thompson), William Henry, Freddie, Jennie and Augustus E. Our subject, who was reared in the State of New York, came to Columbia township in 1865 Avith his parents, and assisted his father in business up to 1886, when he formed a partnership with his brother-in-law, C. W. Mitchell, in the manufacture of lumber in Troy toAvnship, in which he has since successfully continued ; they turn out 1,500,000 feet of lumber annually, and give employment to twenty hands ; besides their mill at Troy they operate portable mills in different parts of the county. Mr. Snedeker married, June 6, 1890, Julia, daughter of Mr. and" Mrs. Patrick Grimes, of Troy, and they have one son : John Edward. Mr. Snedeker is an enterprising citizen, and his business is one of the leading industries of Troy township. Politically he is a Republican. WILLIAM SNYDER, farmer and stock-grower, Sheshequin, was born November 24, 1826, in the house he occupies, a son of William and Hannah (Parks) Snyder, the former of Avhom was born in New Jersey, of Dutch descent, and the latter was a native of Connecticut, of English origin. His grandfather, Peter Snyder, came from NeAV Jersey and settled in Sheshequin about the year 1789, one of the ear liest settlers of the valley, on a farm, and opened a tanyard, and made saddles and harness, and had a shoe shop at the same time, also a still; he Avas a Avell to-do farmer ; the grandson still preserves some of the Continental currency he brought with him. Peter Snyder was twice married, and he left the following children by his first wife: Maria, Jacob and Mary ; by his second marriage: William, Peter, Elizabeth, Catherine, Nancy, John and Benjamin P. Of this family William was HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1181 born January 19, 1783, and at the age of fourteen commenced Avork in his father's shop and tanyard, learning the whole business, and bought the yards of his father before he was twenty-one years old. He resided alone for several years, keeping " bach," then married and commenced housekeeping in the house occupied by him prior to his marriage, and continued at that place eight years, and then bought the farm William now occupies. It was improved and owned by Harry and William Spalding. He moved his business to that farm, opened a hotel, and had quite a village around him, but it was destroyed by fire long since ; only the farm buildings are left. He gave up all of his business (with the exception of farming) to his son-in-law, and continued farming up to the last year of his life; he died October 12, 1860, aged seventy- seven, leaving a family of nine children — three boys and six girls ; William is the eighth child ; John P. enlisted in the army and Avas killed near Orange Grove Court House, Ya., a member of the One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment, P. Y. I.; P. W. is a farmer in Litchfield township; of the girls, Polly married Harry Shaw; Sally married Nathaniel Moody; Julia married Charles Forbes; Miranda married George, Northrup ; Emiline married L. D. Tyrrell; Eliza mar ried F. G. YanNorstran. William Snyder spent his boyhood on his father's farm, attending the common school until fifteen years old. He has operated largely in lumber, stock and real estate, and has been eminently successful as a business man, and noAv owns 260 acres of finely improved land, cultivating it well and breeding graded cattle and horses. He was married October 25, 1854, to Laura. M., daughter of Manson and Elmira (Mackey) Elsbree, and they have two children : William M. and Burton E., the former married to Jennie Minier. Mr. Snyder is a member of I. O. O. F., Yalley Lodge, No. 446, has passed all the chairs, and holds withdrawal card from the State Encampment, ToAvanda; he has been a stanch Republican since the organization of that party, and has held nearly all the toAvnship offices; was justice of the peace twenty-five years. WILLIAM SNYDER, farmer and dairyman, P. O. Spring Hill, Avho is among the prominent farmers and business men of the county, was born in Broomecounty, N. Y., August 14, 1843, a son of N. D. and Elizabeth (Richard) Snyder, the former of whom was born in Scho harie county, N. Y., and was a farmer, afterward a hotel-keeper four years ; he was proprietor of the hotel at LeRaysville, also a hotel in Rush, Pa., twenty-eight years, where he died, July 10, 1877, aged sixty-six years ; his family consisted of nine children, viz.: George, who resides in Owego, N. Y.; A. Y., Peter, David and Margaret (all deceased ; three died the same week of scarlet fever); William; Cathe rine (married to Isaac Hare, of Rush, Pa,); Ellen (married to George Hissis, of Rush) and David (a farmer of Middletown, Pa.). The sub ject of these lines received a common-school education, and at the age of twenty-two began business for himself, taking up farming and purchasing 100 acres of the farm he now owns, to Avhich he has since added 100 acres, making in all a tract of 200 acres of well- improved and fertile land. About ten years ago he began extensive dairy operations, using graded and thorough-bred Jerseys ; he now 1182 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. has a dairy of thirty cows, and ships the cream and milk from his own and several of his neighbors' dairies to Philadelphia. He was united in marriage, August 21, 1864, with Phoebe Angel, a daughter of John B. Angel, of New York, and this union has been blessed with a family of six children, viz.: N. D., married to Leila Y. Goodell, and resides on his father's farm; Ida (deceased); Georgie E., Cora, M. B. and Alice. He is a member of the P. of I., Spring Hill Association; is a member and director of the Tuscarora Insurance Company. Politically he is a Democrat and has filled the various town offices. Besides his farming and dairy operations he has been an extensive dealer in stock, also in farm implements and machinery, and has always been successful. COLLINS W. SOPER, farmer, P. O. Rutland, Tioga Co., Pa., was born, February 2, 1818, in Columbia township, this county, on the farm where he now resides, and is a son of Solomon and Polly (Corey) Soper, formerly of Manchester, Yt., who settled in Columbia township in 1800, locating on the farm occupied by subject, Avhich the father cleared and improved, and there died ; he for some years, in the pioneer days, operated a gristmill on the farm ; his wife was a daughter of Jon athan Corey, a soldier of the Revolution, who settled in Rutland town ship, Tioga county, in 1800, and by her he had seven children, as fol lows: Harriet (Mrs. Naham Havens), Heman (the first white child born in Columbia township), Harris O, Thomas, William, Collins W. and George. Collins W. Soper was reared on the old homestead, on which he has always resided, and was married, in 1840, to Diadama, daughter of Alexander and Saloma (Daggett) Harris, by whom he has six children : Elwyn, Walter, Ward, Edith (Mrs. Thomas Walker), Edson L. and Charles M. Mr. Soper is one of the prominent and representa tive farmers of Columbia township, and, Avith his sons, owns over eight hundred acres of land in Columbia and Rutland townships. He gave each of his sons a fine farm, and erected substantial houses for all but one. In 1878, he had his right arm taken off in his sawmill. Though in his seventy-fourth year, he is hale and hearty. In politics he is a WALTER S.' SOPER, farmer, P. O. Rutland, Tioga Co., Pa., was born in Columbia township, this county, September 13, 1839, and is a son of Collins W. and Diadama (Harris) Soper. His paternal grandparents were Solomon and Polly (Corey) Soper, who settled in Columbia town ship in 1800. His maternal grandparents Avere Alexander and Saloma (Daggett) Harris, both pioneers of Rutland toAvnship, Tioga Co., Pa. The subject of these lines was reared in Columbia township, was edu cated in the common schools, and since attaining his majority has been engaged in farming. He resides on the farm in Rutland, formerly occupied by an uncle, Thomas Soper, avIio cleared and improved it. Our subject set out maples and elms for a mile on each side of the road, Avhich have now grown large enough to give a splendid shade, as Avell as beautifying the property, which is all in the possession of members of the Soper family. Mr. Soper was married April 12, 1876, to Fannie, daughter of Christopher and Achsah Walker, the former of whom was a natiA^e of England, and a pioneer lumberman of War ren county, Pa. This union was blessed with five children, as follows ; HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1183 Roy, Rexford, Ethel, Metta- and Rollin. The family are believers in the Baptist faith. Mr. Soper is a member of the Patrons of Hus bandry, and in politics he is a Democrat. ISAAC D. SOPER, farmer, in Burlington township, P. O. Burl ington, was born September 3, 1828, in Burlington, this county, a son of DaA'id and Polly (Luther) Soper, the former of whom was a native of Connecticut, of English origin. He was a man of influence, and one of the first justices of the peace, in which office he continued twenty-five years. The grandfather, Levi Soper, who Avas an English man, was in the War of 1812, and one of the first settlers in the town of Burlington. Polly Soper Avas a sister of Enoch Luther, who was also one of the pioneers of Burlington toAvnship; both families cleared large farms from the dense wilderness, and experienced all the priva tions of a pioneer life. Isaac D. Soper was reared on the farm and engaged in agricultural pursuits, at which he has continued, and is now the OAvner of a fine farm of one hundred acres under a good state of cultivation. He was married, in 1855, to Charlotte Stuart, of Michigan, by whom he has the following named twelve children: Roena, Ella, Clara, Horatio H., Isaac N., Cloe, Nettie, Minnie, Lottie, Edith, Dean and Stuart. Mr. Soper Avas a soldier in the Civil War, in Company B, Tavo Hundred and Seventh P. Y. I., and was in the battles of Petersburg and Fort Steadman, and in several minor engagements; served until the close of the war, being present at the surrender of Lee's army; contracted disease from exposure, and is now a pensioner. He is a member of the G. A. R. and of the I. O. O. F. In politics he is a Republican, and has held several offices of public trust. . JOHN E. SOPER, blacksmith, Ulster, was born in North ToAvanda, this county, December 6, 1864, and is a son of Edward O. and Jane E. (Bailey) Soper, natives of this State, of English descent. In his father's family there were ten children, he being the fourth in order of birth ; six of the ten are living, and are in this county. The father Avas a farmer, and John E. was reared on the farm, attending school until fifteen years old, and receiving a fair education. He learned his trade at Burlington, and commenced for himself there' in 1888 ; was there two years, when he removed to his present place; he is a skillful mechanic and has a large business. He was married, December 24, 1889, to Mary E., daughter of John and Charlotte M. Sims, natives of this county. Mr. Soper is a member of the Golden Cycle, and has filled the chair of vice-speaker ; in politics he is a Republican. CHESTER P. SPALDING, superintendent Towanda Gas Works, was born in Athens, this county, October 12, 1818, and is a son of Robert and Aurelia (Satterlee) Spalding, and of the eighth generation of Edward Spalding, who came from England to America about 1632, and settled in Massachusetts. His paternal grandfather was William Miter Spalding, who settled in Sheshequin, this county, in 1788, and afterward resided in Athens and Sheshequin. He married, August 23, 1789, Rebecca, daughter of Gen. Simon and Ruth (Shepherd) Spalding, who settled in Sheshequin, this county, in 1783 ; the issue of this union were ten children, of whom Robert, father of subject, was the first child and eldest son, and was born July 1, 1790, and AA'as a resident of 1184 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Athens township many years. He engaged in farming and lumbering, and in 1840 removed to Wysox township, where he continued in the same business until his death, and where, for a short time, he was also engaged in general business. He Avas the father of eleven children, viz.: Cynthia A. (Mrs. F. A. Tyler), Alex H., Chester P., Rebecca (Mrs. S. P. Gore), Lemira K. (Mrs. M. J. Coolbaugh), Israel P., Aurelia (Mrs. Jerry M. Collins), Mary P. (Mrs. C. S. Russell), George, Robert M. and Helen M. (Mrs. William Elwell, Jr.). Chester P., the subject of the sketch, was reared in Athens, where he received an academical education. He removed to Wysox township Avith his father in 1840, where he assisted for a time, and afterward engaged in farming until 1851. In the spring of 1852 he located in Rockford, 111., and remained there until the spring of 1869, when he returned to Bradford county, locating in Towanda, where he superintended the building of the Towanda Gas Works, and has since been the superintendent of the company. On October 20, 1842, he married Mary, daughter of Allen and Mary (Kingsbury) Smith, of Bath, N. Y., by whom he had three children, as follows : Florence, Henry K. and Rowena K. He is an attendant of the Universalist Church, and politically is a Republican. HORACE M. SPALDING, produce, coal and plaster dealer, Troy, was born in Canton township, this county, October 7, 1840, a son of AndreAV E. and Cynthia S. (Holcomb) Spalding, and is a descendant of Edward Spalding, who emigrated from England to America, in 1832, and settled in Massachusetts. His paternal grandfather, William P. Spalding, a native of New England, was a pioneer of Canton township, and cleared and improved the farm now known as the "John Brown Farm," and resided near there until his death in 1877; his wife was Eleanor Watts, by whom he had six children : John, Andrew E., Ezra, James, Elizabeth (Mrs. Loren Morse) and Jane (Mrs. Richard Hughes), all born in Canton .township, Andrew E., in. 1811. After reaching manhood Andrew E Spalding engaged in the hotel business, in which he continued to his death, September 12, 1857, when he dropped dead in his hotel, the " Canton House," at Canton, Pa.; his wife Avas a daughter of Sterling Holcomb, of LeRoy township, this county, and by her had five children : John M., William S., Horace M., Charles E. and Jennie (Mrs. U. J. Manley). Our subject was reared in Canton town ship, and in early life engaged in farming. In 1872 he located in Troy, Avhere he engaged in the dray business eight years; became a member, in 1879, of the firm of Beardsley & Spalding, hardware merchants, Troy, Avhich style continued until 1884, then from 1884 to 1890 as Beardsley, Spalding & McKean, Avhen he retired, and has since been engaged as a buyer and shipper of produce, coal and plaster. Mr. Spalding married, May 19, 1864, Lovina, daughter of Dr. S. W. and Amanda (Bailey) Shepard, of Troy, and they have four children : Cora A., S. Hillis, Andrew E. and Fred L. Mr. Spalding is a member of the Disciple Church and I. O. O. F.; has always taken an active part in public affairs, was burgess of Troy one term, and councilman eight years ; in politics he is a Republican. MAJOR ISRAEL P. SPALDING'S first ancestor in America was Edward Spalding, who came from England about 1630-33, and settled HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1185 in Braintree, Mass. His father was Robert Spalding, a native of what is now Bradford county, who was born July 1, 1790, and was married, July 2, 1814,, to Aurelia Satterlee, by Avhom he had eleven children; he Avas the son of William (Wilter) Spalding, a native of Connecticut, who settled in what is now Sheshequin, in 1788, and married, August 23, 1789, Rebecca, daughter of Gen. Simon Spalding, of Sheshequin. William (Wilter) died in 1845; he was a son of Oliver, son of Ephraim, son of Edward, son of Benjamin, son of Edward Spalding, first above mentioned. Major Spalding was born in Athens, this county, January 22, 1825, and was the sixth child and third son of Robert and Aurelia (Satterlee) Spalding; he Avas married, December 21, 1852, to Ruth E. Cooley, daughter of Alva Cooley, of Myersburg. His life Avas spent on the farm until the breaking out of the Civil War. In 1862 he took an active part in enlisting men for the One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment, P. Y. 1., and was elected captain of a company from his own neighborhood, and on the organization of the regiment, August 29, 1862, he was elected major, and served in that capacity until his death. He received a slight Avound at the battle of Chancellorsville, and on July 2, 1863, at Gettysburg, was twice wounded in the same leg, aminie-ball shattering his ankle-joint, and another passing through the fleshy part of the thigh; exposure and the complication arising caused his death, on July 28, following. Major Spalding was a special favorite of his regiment, and his loss Avas universally mourned ; he Avas buried near his home in Wysox, August 2, 1863; his children Avere three in number, viz.: Ella, Fred and Israel P., Jr. JOSEPH E. SPALDING, farmer, P. O. Franklindale, was born in Franklin, this county, July 22, 1826, a son of William B. and Delight (Spalding) Spalding, the former a native of Sheshequin, the latter of Plainfield, Conn. William B. was a son of John Spalding, Avho was one of the first settlers in Sheshequin; John was the son of Simon Spalding, a colonel in the Revolutionary Army under Gen. Washington. John Spalding and his future wife, Miss Wheatley Gore, were in the Wyoming massacre, but escaped by a hasty flight. In after years they returned to and settled in the Wyoming Yalley, and after the lapse of a few years the two families removed to Sheshequin, Avhere John Spalding and Miss Wheatley Gore were married. They had fourteen children — eleven sons and three daughters — and the son Harry was the first male child born in Sheshequin. William Spalding, his son, was born August 24, 1786, and about 1810 commenced business in Franklin, in partnership with his brother Noah, in the milling and lumber business. William was the first Avho discoATered coal in Barclay town ship, in 1812. He married, May 20,1816, Delight Spalding, of Canton, and their family consisted of five children: Sarah (deceased), Ezra (deceased), Hannah, Joseph E., and Anna. William, at the time of his residence in the county, is reported to have been the oldest male in Bradford county; he lived in Franklin until 1846, when he went to Texas to visit a brother, where he died, at Corpus Christi, September 10, 1847. Joseph E. Spalding was reared in Franklin and educated at various schools, spending some time at Mannington, in Susquehanna county, and also at Cazenovia, Madison Co., N.Y.; he finished his educa- 1186 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. tion at ToAvanda, where he also learned surveying, which he has followed from 1847 to the present time. At the age of thirty he married, at LeRoy, January 31, 1856, Miss Louisa, daughter of Mr. Kelder, of Onondaga county, N. Y., by which marriage there Avere three children : Susie M. (born August 24, 1857, married Martin Kerry), Anna Delight (born March 4, 1860, married C. M. Fanning), Wm. S. (born July 22, 1861, married Mrs. Sarah Curtis), the latter residing in Montana and reported to be very wealthy. Mr. Spalding entered the army during the Civil War, October 24, 1862, as sergeant of Company C, One Hundred and Seventy-first Pennsylvania Drafted Militia, for a term of nine months; then re-entered the army, in September, 1864, in Com pany B, Third New York Artillery, to serve one year ; was honorably discharged from both commands, and now draAvs a pension. He has retired from active business life, and is at present living with his daughter, Mrs. Martin Cary. He is a member of the F. and A. M., I. O. O. F. and G. A. R.; is a Republican, and has held the office of county surveyor six years, also other town offices, such as road commis sioner and school director. ELIJAH CICERO SPENCER, farmer, of Wysox township, P. O. Wysox, was born in Bridgewater, Susquehanna Co., Pa., January 15, 1817, a son of Neimiah and Elizabeth (Swan) Spencer, natives of Connecticut, and of English lineage. We find in this family some thing that few heretofore have known Bradford county to possess — a branch of the famous English Spencer Family. Gen. Joseph Spen cer, of Revolutionary fame, was the grandfather of Elijah O; he Avas also of the wife of Lewis Cass, Avho Avas candidate for President in 1860. Dr. Ichabod Spencer, of Brooklyn, N. Y., and Hon. Joshua Spencer, of Utica, N. Y, are also branches of this family. The con nection of the different branches of this family in England and Amer ica is shown beyond a doubt in a letter to Jared Sparks by Charles Sumner, in which he was assisted by the Earl of Spencer ; and in Avhich he also relates the convivial relations that existed between the Washingtons and the Spencers. After leaving Connecticut. Neimiah resided in many different places, at brief intervals, and in i819 came to Orwell; he subsequently lived in Sheshequin, and finally in Wysox; Avas killed, in 1839, by a horse, which he Avas riding on Main street, Towanda, falling on him. In his family there were eight children, of whom our subject is the youngest. Elijah Cicero Spencer began life for himself in his early "teens," working on a farm and in sawmills until he was sixteen ; then engaged with Martin Ridgebury, of Wysox, to learn the shoemaker's trade ; he remained Avith him three years, and one year with A. A. Bishop. He folloAved this occupation to some extent for thirty years, at the same time clearing and tilling a farm of 111 acres, which he purchased in 1842, frequently working in the field all day and on the bench until midnight. Mr. Spencer was married, December 5, 1841, to Mary Jane, daughterof John and Polly (Lent) Bull, natives of Orange county, N. Y, and they have nine children, as follows: George P.; Henry C, born March 31, 1845, a farmer, in Wysox toAvnship ; Mary Ellen, born May 3, 1848 ; John Clayton, born January 26, 1850, a miller, of Watertown, S. Dak.; HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1187 Joseph O, born October 10, 1852, died June 30, 1885; Thomas A., born April 17, 1855, a carpenter in Chicago, 111.; William L., born January 14, 1858, an employe of James Shalor, Towanda, Pa.: R. Reed, born January 30, 1861, an employe of his brother, J. C., at Watertown, S. Dak., and Emma I., born May 12, 1863. The Spencer family are mem bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Pond Hill, of which Mr. Spencer has been trustee thirty years and steward twenty-five; he is an earnest advocate of the principles of prohibition, and has done much for the advancement of education in Bradford county, nearly all his children being teachers. GEORGE P. SPENCER, farmer, P. O. Wysox, was born, August 28, 1842, on the farm where his father noAv resides, a son of Elijah C. and Mary Jane (Bull) Spencer. In his father's family there were nine children, of whom he is the eldest. He spent his boyhood on the farm, and in attending the common school and select schools ; began life for himself at the age of twenty-one, teaching, which he has fol lowed to some extent since, having taught, in all, twenty-one terms. From 1865 to 1868 he clerked in a tea store and in a gents' furnishing goods establishment in Jersey City, and in 1884 he purchased his pres ent home of fourteen acres. On November 27, 1872, Mr. Spencer married Hannah M., daughter of Edward C. and Lydia (Horton) Yought, of Ghent, natives of Pennsylvania, and they have one child, Edward C, born March 16, 1882. Mr. and Mrs. Spencer are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Myersburg. He is a Prohibi tionist, and has been auditor of Asvlum. HORACE SPENCER, farmer "in West Burlington kwnship, P. O. West Burlington, Avas born September 1, 1841, at Providence (near Scranton), Pa., a son of Horace and Hannah (Denton) Spencer, nativTes of Dutchess county, N. Y., and of English origin ; they removed to Pennsylvania and experienced all the privations of pioneer life, as tillers of the soil; they reared a family of nine children, seven of whom greAv to maturity. Horace, who is the fifth in the order of birth, Avas reared on the farm, and has successfully followed agricultural pursuits. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company C, One Hundred and Forty- first P. Y. I., and served until the close of the war, participating in several battles; was finally made a bugler of the regiment, and was present at Gen. Lee's surrender, serving in all nearly three years. He is a pensioner. Mr. Spencer was married, November 14, 1866, to Elvira A. Johnson, of Granville, who was born November 19, 1845, only daughter of George A. and Lemira (Ballard) Johnson, who Avere among the pioneers of Granville. Mr. and Mrs. Spencer have had born to them four children : George A., Alfred O, Myra and Floyd. He is the owner of two farms — the homestead of 100 acres, and another near it of 100 acres, on Avhich he carries on afine dairying business, also raises sheep. Mr. Spencer has been well known many years as a teacher of singing schools. Politically he is a Republican, and has held several offices of public trust. He is much respected by the entire communitv. JAMES EDWIN SPENCER, farmer, P.O. West Burlington, was born, January 21, 1835, in Dutchess county, N. Y.,a son of Horace and 1188 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Hannah (Denton) Spencer, natives of that county, born of English extraction, and farmers by occupation ; they removed to Pennsylvania when James E. was a lad of five years of age, and settled near Scran ton, where they had a farm, and reared a family of nine children, of Avhom our subject is the second in order of birth, and six are still liv ing ; the father died, October 8, 1882, at the age of seventy -two years, and the mother, August 15, 1891, aged eighty-two years. Mr. Spencer was reared a farmer, and removed to Bradford county in 1850, settling on his present farm in West Burlington township in 1860, which was then a wilderness. By strictest economy and great perseverance he has accumulated a fine property, the farm consisting of 100 acres, on which he has built one of the finest residences in the town. Mr. Spencer was twice married : first time to Catherine Brown, by whom he had three children: Mertie, Hattie and Dewitt; she dying in 1874, he was afterward married to Charlotte Whitehead, of Burlington, to whom have been born children, as follows: Hezekiah, Jay E. and Benjamin H. Mr. Spencer is a Republican, but gives his attention more to busi ness than to politics. He is a member of the Patrons of Husbandry. FRANK H. SPONSLOR, proprietor of the "Canton House," Can ton, is a native of Mechanicsburg, Pa., born March 5, 1852. His par- rents Avere David and Susan (Breinizer) Sponslor, aiso natives of Penn sylvania; the father, who was a stock-dealer and dealt quite extensively in horses, died in Mechanicsburg, Pa., in 1 868, in his fifty-first year; the mother died in Warrensburg, Mo., in 1888, in her sixty-sixth year. Frank H. Sponslor, who is the fifth in order of birth in a family of six children, Avas reared in Mechanicsburg, and received a public-school edu cation; went to Altoona in 1870 and worked in the Pennsylvania Rail- Road Company's Passenger Car Shops three years; then went to Hazel- ton and Avorked in the sash and door factory about six months, after which he engaged in the glassware and notion business with Frank Fullerton, under the firm name of Fullerton and Sponslor, and they continued in business a little over a year, when Mr. Sponslor moved to St. Louis and traveled for a short time in the West. Returning to Hazelton by Avay of New York, he embarked in the grocery business with his brother-in-laAV, James Gilmore, Avhich continued two years; he successively took charge of hotels at the following places: Dauphin, Middleton and Bethlehem; he then removed to Canton in August, 1884, and took charge of the " Canton House." Mr. Sponslor was married in Reading, Pa., October 17, 1881, to Sarah, daughter of Benjamin and Annie (Hooker) Myers, natives of Dauphin county, Pa.; her father is a farmer and resides in Dauphin county. Mrs. Sponslor is the eldest of six children; she is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Spons lor is a member of the F. & A. M., Canton Lodge, No. 415; Troy Chapter, No. 261; and Canton Commandery, No. 64; politically he is a Democrat. JOHN D. SQUIRES, retired farmer, was the first child born in Herrick township, this county, south of the State road. He was born January 2, 1821, a son of Charles and Mary (Webb) Squires, natives of Connecticut. The father, Avho Avas a blacksmith, came to this county in 1815, and located in Asylum township; then in 1820 removed HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1189 to Herrick, when the country was almost an unbroken wilderness ; he crossed the river on the ice, and had to cut a road through the woods nearly two miles ; his first log-house was 20x30 feet, and contained two rooms, with one Avindow in each room, six panes, 8x10, a fire place at each end, and a Dutch oven built in the house ; the first winter the chimneys Avere built only to the joist, and an aperture was left in the roof for escape of the smoke ; the house Avas made almost without nails, the rafters and sheeting were ash poles split and fastened with iron nails made at his forge ; the roof was of white split pine boards, fastened with poles. The first night after moving into this house the whole roof was broken in by snow and lodged on the joist. This was a primitive log cabin, gotten up and furnished in the most primitive manner ; the bedstead was of white pine split from the log and nailed together with nails manufactured at his own forge ; he also made all the tools used by him at his trade and on the farm, such as axes, hoes and rakes. Mr. Squires has in his possession a griddle over one hundred and thirty years old. To plant the first crops in this wilderness they cleared the trees and brush from the land, and with axes and hoes worked the dirt loose among the roots and deposited their seed, covering the same with what loose earth they could scrape Up, and, with exception of occasionally pulling the Aveeds, this was all the cultivation the crop received, but there was an abundant yield. There Avere no school- houses in the neighborhood until after his tenth birthday, when his father and neighbors, Isaac Camp, Warren C. Granger and William Gamble, erected a small log-house, Avhich was used as a school and church many years. Hannah Smith Avas the first teacher, and at the close of school she married Joseph Camp; the first sermon he remem bers Avas preached at his father's house by Levi Baldwin, a Baptist minister. He Avas ten years old when he first commenced to attend school about two months in the year until he was twenty-one, and very early engaged in lumbering, rafting, clearing and farming; he has' cleared a large amount of land and fitted it for the ploAV. In 1844 he purchased the farm now owned by Mr. Camp, then wild land, and sold it in 1864. Mr. Squires ivas married in 1845 to Eliza, daughter of Rev. Levi Baldwin, and to them Avere born six children, four of whom died in infancy ; the survivors are Levi S. and Gideon P., the latter of Avhom married Harriet Whipple, of Standing Stone. Levi S. Squires was born in Standing Stone, Pa., September 23, 1846 ; attended the common schools of the county until twenty, farmed until 1890, and studied theology during his leisure hours. In 1-888 he received a call, and is a prominent Baptist minister, ordained Septem ber 9, 1890, as pastor of the South Auburn Baptist Church, of Avhich he is noAv pastor. He was married October 23, 1867, to Mary M., the youngest in the family of six children of Joseph and Mary (Molyneux) Pardoe; to them has been born one child, Eva J., Avho.was educated in the common schools of Bradford county, and at the Keystone Acad emy, Factoryville, finishing at Buoknell University, Lewisburg, Pa.; she was filled with a desire to become a foreign missionary from her fourteenth year, and Avas educated with that design. On Septem ber 26, 1890, she started, fully equipped for her field of labor in Burmah, 70 1190 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and she is now there earnestly engaged in her work. Mr. John D. Squires is a member of the Baptist Church; in politics a Prohibitionist, and has held several toAvnship offices; his son Levi S. is a Republican. PEMBROKE S. SQUIRES, farmer, P. O. Ballibay, was born December 23, 1829, on his present farm, which was the home of his father, Charles Squires. He attended the common schools until his fourteenth year, since which time he has devoted his life to farming, lumbering and threshing. In 1853 his father gave him the homestead, and he executed to him a bond and mortgage to support and care for him the remainder of his life, paying to the other heirs their share in the estate, in all 100 acres, to which he has since added eighty-nine, and built his present residence in 1863, and the barn in 1869. Mr. Squires is the son of Charles and Mary (Webb) Squires, natives of Massachusetts and Connecticut, respectively. The mother was a daughter of Santhare Webb (born August 9, 1790), and she Avas married November 10, 1810, in her native place. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Squires came from there to Asylum township, this county, in 1815; in 1820 moved to Herrick township, and improved the family homestead, where they spent the remainder of their long, useful and honorable lives. Charles Squires was born September 15, 1787, and died Janu ary 29, 1865, aged seventy-seven ; his consort, Mary Squires, died July 12, 1866, aged seventy-six. They Avere the parents of thirteen children, and left, living, four daughters and five sons, tAventy grandchildren and two great-grandchildren. When Mr. Squires came to the new country he Avas a skilled black smith, and so worked in connection with his farm many years. The family were exemplary members of the Baptist Church. Nearly fifty years this brave man and his wife lived in the wild Avilderness, to the reclaiming of which Avere devoted their strong and brave energies. They were in the far front of the little band that heAved the way in the primeval forests. He located and cut out the highway that now runs from Camptown to Smithboro, and he assisted inmuchof the early-day surveying in this region about. Their pilgrims through the woods on foot or with oxen teams ; the encampment by the babbling brooks on the mountain side; the first log-house; going long days' journeys to mill, and the little ones waiting the return for their supper porridge ; the long intervals of visits from distant neighbors; the dreary silence, so often only awakened by the hungry wild beasts' terrifying cries — these were some of their experiences. Mr. Squires, among other inci dents, Avould tell of his returning home just after dark, when suddenly appeared before him in the path a panther. The animal would walk along-side of him ; when Mr. Squires would stop, it would also stop, and when he would go on, it would also, and only Avhen almost at his cabin did the panther turn off and disappear. Mrs. Squires, going on one occasion. to the stream to wash, discovered a gang of Avolves approaching ; she took her position by the vessel of boiling Avater, pre paring to defend herself as best she could, and they turned aAvay, only frightening her. P. S. Squires, the subject of the sketch, has been one of the suc cessful and enterprising farmers of the county, and his friends are HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1191 legion. He was first elected town constable one year, then assessor one year (1851), then town auditor one year, school director eight years, being president of the board during all the time except one year ; then Avas again elected toAvn auditor, and, in 1872, was elected town commissioner for a term of three years ; in 1885 86, he was town assessor, and in 1890 was elected county commissioner, which oflice he now holds. He has never sought rates nor office, and invariably his majorities have been so emphatic that they alone are the highest com pliments his neighbors could bestow. At the last election, in order to accommodate some of his fellow-candidates, so little did he care for office that he allowed them to sacrifice, to some extent, his interests, and yet polling day showed as usual that his was the largest. These record facts speak more plainly than any words we can add. Mr. Squires is a member of Wyalusing Lodge, No. 503, I. O. 0. F., and has passed the chairs; he is a member of Wyalusing Baptist Church. In 1854 he married Harriet H., a daughter of John and Jane (Little) Lafferty, natives of New Jersey, but residents of this county at the time of marriage. By this marriage there are three children : Judson W., Jennie (Avife of D. F. Mahoney, of Wilkes-Barre) and Katie (wife of R. S. Hillis, of Herrick township, this county). Mrs. P. S. Squires died January 24, 1886. Mr. Squires is one of the most prominent men of the county, one Avho makes no loud pretentions, but is sincerely esteemed bv all Avho know him. FRANK R. STALFORD, farmer, Wilmot township, P. O. Sugar Run, Avas born September 23, 1857, and is the eldest of the three children of Joseph H. and Mary A. (Dehil) Stalford, natives of Penn sylvania, and of Scotch-Irish descent. He was reared on his father's farm in Wilmot, and educated in the common schools of Wilmot toAvn- ship. He began life for himself at twenty-one years of age, farming and lumbering, at which he is still engaged. Mr. Stalford married, December 8, 1878, Miss Amelia, daughter of Zodak and Amelia (Har ford) Hiney, of Rome, Pa., and they have four children : Lucy B., born August 19,' 1881 ; Arthur M., born"April 22, 1885 ; Mary L ,"born Sep tember 27, 1889, and Emily, born December 18, 1890. Politically Mr. Stalford is a Republican. W. H. STALFORD, manufacturer of lumber, Wyalusing, Avas born in Wyalusing township, this county, June 22, 1865, a son of Jesse Stal ford. He passed his boyhood on a farm, and Avas educated in the common schools and Wyalusing Academy. At the age of eighteen he began teaching, which occupation he continued for a short time ; then followed farming until December, 1878, when he went to Michigan, and for three years was engaged in lumbering. At the end of that time he returned home and purchased a sawmill, and has since been engaged in the manufacture of lumber in Bradford county. He owns the Stalford mill on Wyalusing creek, and also owns and oper ates a portable mill in Wilmot toAvnship. He has an elegant residence, which he built in 1888. On December 1, 1886. Mr. Stalford married Ameline O, daughter of Hon. E. B. Chase, of Wilkes-Barre, and they have one child, Y. H., born April 25. 1891. Mr. Stalford is a member of White Lilly Lodge, No. 808, I. O. O. F., and has taken all the sub- 1192 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ordinate degrees; he is a Republican in politics, and has filled various toAvn offices. CHARLES W. STEELE, of the firm of Steele & Jones, liverymen, Troy, was born in Granville, this county, October 25, 1860, and is a son of Calvin and Achsah (McKeel) Steele, natives of Pennsylvania. His father was a farmer by occupation, and resided in Bradford county many years, where he reared a family of twelve children: Edmond, Emma J. (Mrs. Charles Williams), William A., Emory O, Charles W., James O, Andrew W., Warren B., Samuel, Ada and Ida (tAvins, of Avhom Ada married Arthur Field), and Elizabeth (Mrs. Abner Owens). Charles W. Steele was reared in Union township, this county, received a common-school education, and located in Troy in 1884, and for four years was in the employ of Pomeroy Brothers. In 1888, with his brother, James O, he embarked in the livery business under the firm name of Steele Bros., Avhich partnership existed up to September, 1890, when his brother sold his interest, since which time the firm has been Steele & Jones. Mr. Steele is a popular liveryman, and is doing a successful business; politically he is a Republican. ALONZO R. STEPHENS, physician and surgeon, of Herrick township, P. 0. Herrickville, was born in Pike toAvnship, June 1, 1835. Jonathan Stephens, his father, was born in Connecticut, of English descent, a carpenter and joiner ; his wife was named. Charity, and was also a native of Connecticut. He came to this county in 1842, where he followed his trade until his death. He had eleven children, viz.: Orlena, Charles and Louis (both died in infancy), Caroline (deceased), Harriet (deceased), Almon P. (deceased), Harry (deceased), Eliza (deceased), Charles F. (deceased), Emma A., Avife of John Champion, and Alonzo R., the subject of this sketch. The latter attended the district school until his fifteenth year, and then went to Binghamton, N. Y., where he continued his studies. At the age of seventeen he began the study of medicine under Dr. 0. Y. Thayer, of Binghamton, and, after studying seven years, attended the Albany Medical College, Avhere he received his degree of M. D. in 1855, when he returned to Binghamton, and began practice with Dr. George A. Thayer, and con tinued with him until 1862. when he enlisted in Company B, One Hundred and Forty-ninth N. Y. Y. I. He was afterward appointed medical cadet, U. S. A., and assigned to temporary duty with the Eighty-ninth Regiment, N. Y. Y. I.; was commissioned assistant- surgeon in 1864, and assigned to the Twentieth Army Corps, Second Brigade, Second Division ; he was injured in service, September 14, 1864, receiving a gunshot wound in his leg, and in falling received an injury in his baek, which caused paralysis. He was removed to the hospital at Louisville, Ky., and was there until the following March ; then was transferred to the general hospital at Albany, N. Y., Avhere he remained until he was discharged, September 4, 1865, on account of physical disability. He came to LeRaysville, and from there to Herrick ville, arriving here in 1866, Avhere he engaged in, and has continued to practice, his profession. The Doctor married Nancy, daughter of Hiram and Malvina (Waterman) Sweet, of Glen Castle, N. Y., Avho died in 1885. They had two children: Hiram H. and George Thayer. On HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1193 January 20, 1889, Dr. Stephens married Mrs. Mary Park, widow of Norman F. Park, and daughter of Clark and Mary (Baldwin) Smith. She was born, September 15, 1850, the fifth in a "family of nine chil dren; she had been married, March 10, 1868, to Norman F. Park, mer chant, of Wysox, who died, May 16, 1880, in the thirty-fourth year of his age. Dr. Stephens has a farm of fifty-three acres, and a small dairy and five horses ; he is a member of Hurst Post, No. 86, G. A. R, and a United States Pension Examiner, having received his appoint ment July 31, 1885, and in politics he is a Democrat. Mrs. Stepnens is a member of the Presbyterian Church. IRA H. STEPHENS, locomotive engineer, Sayre, is a native of Towanda, born December 18, 1856, a son of Ira E.- and Mary A. (Gregg) Stephens, natives of Bradford county. Ira E. Stephens is a traveling salesman, and resides in Towanda. Our subject's great grandfather, Ira H. Stephens, Avas a soldier in the Revolutionary War, and was a charter member of the Masonic Fraternity in Athens, Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, in 1795 ; he built a house at the foot of Spanish Hill that is still standing and occupied ; he married Cybil, daughter of Capt. Samuel Ransom, who served as an officer in the Continental War, and was killed at the Wyoming massacre. The subject of this sketch, who is the second in a family of eight children, was reared in Towanda, and completed his education in the Collegiate Institute of that place. He commenced driving a team when about eleven years old, working on the building of the Lehigh Yalley Railroad, and was watchman at the depot awhile, in Towanda. In May, 1874, he went on the road as brakeman, began firing in 1877, was promoted to engi neer in October, 1881, and has been running on the line since. He has not missed a monthly payment since he commenced work. He is a lover of a good horse, and owns one of the best-bred young trotters in the county. Mr. Stephens was married, in Towanda, February 16, 1882, to Miss Esteele, daughter of Adam and Harriet (Adamson) Wilson, the former of whom is a natiA'e of Dumfries, and the latter of Easton, Pa. Her father is a carpenter, and works in the Erie Rail road shops, at Elmira, where they reside. She is the fourth in order of birth in a family of seven children, and was born in Steuben county, N. Y, April 2, 1860. To Mr. and Mrs. Stephens was born one son, Louis Wilson. Mr. Stephens is a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, Union Chapter, No. 161, and Northern Com mandery, No. 16. SAMUEL STETHERS, a farmer of Herrick township, P. O. Bal libay, Avas born in Herrick township, this county, October 12, 1848. His father, Francis Stethers, was born in County Monaghan, Ireland, June 29, 1812, and in his thirteenth year he went to Liverpool (sailing in the " Henry Bell," the first steamship built to run between Ireland and Liverpool), where he Avorked through the summer seasons, until March 19, 1837, when he married Anna J. Hillis, daughter of James and Nancy (McCray) Hillis, and came to this country, settling in Her rick township, this county. He had one sister — Sarah — and three brothers — William, John and James — of Avhom William died in LiAT- erpool, and John and James in Ireland. Sarah and her husband, John 1194 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Hurst, came to this country soon after Francis did. When Francis Stethers first came here he purchased ninety-five acres, the present Stethers homestead, and then bought a house and lot in Camptown, which he sold to Richard Graham. In 1877 he purchased eighty-four acres of the David Nesbit homestead, and in 1867 thirty acres of the Michael Coleman estate, also, from George and Gershum Barnes, thirty-three acres adjoining the Coleman property, and in 1876 he purchased of Richard Graham sixty-nine acres in Wyalusing township, which he sold ; then in 1877 bought sixty-seven acres in Wyalusing township, making a total of 309 acres. He built his first log-house and barn in 1839; in 1850 his present barn, and in 1851 his house Avhich in those days was considered quite modern. He raised and dealt quite extensively in cattle, and was considered a very successful man; he died April 23, 1889; Mrs. Stethers died April 5, 1889. They had children as follows : James; Sarah, Avife of Theodore Clark (deceased); Nancy; Samuel and Francis M. Samuel Stethers attended the Ballibay school until his thirteenth year, then went to Camptown and attended a select school kept by Silas Durand, one term, also a select school, kept by Rev. S. F. Brown, three terms, and returned home and went three terms to William Thomson, at Herrick. Then he began farming, taking full charge of his father's affairs, which he managed until his father's death, when he received, as his share, the homestead, Avith all the personal property and a half interest in the property which his father had purchased, consisting of sixty-three acres which he now owns, having purchased his brother's share. He married, in 1877, Yie Haight, daughter of Harry L. and Caroline (Shiner) Haight, natives of this State; she is the third in a family of seven children, six of whom are still living. Mr. and Mrs. Stethers have had two children, as follows : William L., born January 15, 1882, and Atla D., born October 20, 1884. Mr. Stethers is a Democrat, and is highly regarded by all his neighbors. ACHATIUS STEVENS, farmer, was born in Standing Stone township, this county, January 10, 1822, and is a son of Asa StevenSj who was born in Wilkes-Barre, September 24, 1790, a son of Jonathan Stevens, a tailor, Avho was born in Canterbury, Conn., in 1764. Asa Stevens received a common-school education, and worked on a farm until his twenty-fourth year, when he received from his father fifty acres of land, adding to it later; built his first log house in 1815, and lived in that until 1844, when he built the present frame house, Avhich he enlarged afterward, and followed farming until he died, February 20, 1879. He had married, in 1814, Phebe, daughter of Achatius and Jane (Oakley) Yought, who died March 16, 1876, and they had the following children : Benjamin, Achatius, Jonathan, Joel, Byron, Nelson, Eleanor (wife of Alexander Ennis), Annie (wife of William Kingsley), Sarah and Lydia (wife of James B. Bush). Achatius Ste vens was educated in the district schools until he was eighteen ; then worked on the farm until his thirtieth year, when he purchased his present farm of sixty acres ; he added thirty acres in 1864, and built his house in 1872. lie has been town treasurer thirty years, is a member of the Grange, No. 354, and of the Universalist Church ; in HISTORY OF BRADFORD OOUNTY. . 1195 politics he is a Democrat. He married, in 1852, Sarah, daughter of Jabez and Lucy (Thurston) Sumner, and they had four children: James, Asa Sumner, Lucy Eleanor and Jabez Hamilton. This is one of the highly respected and influential families of Bradford county. ASA S. STEYENS, farmer, of Franklin township, P. O. Franklin dale, was born in Standing Stone, this county, December 24, 1854, a son of Achatius and Sarah (Sumner) Stevens, the former born in Standing Stone, this county, the latter in South Auburn, Susquehanna Co., Pa. Achatius is the son of Asa, who was the son of Jonathan, the first settler in Standing Stone, and whose father was killed at the Wyoming massacre. Nelson Stevens, uncle of our subject, is now living on the old homestead Avhere Jonathan first settled, in Standing Stone. Achatius Stevens' family consisted of five children, three of whom grew to maturity. Asa S., who is the seoond in the family, was reared and educated at Standing Stone, and attended tAvo terms at the Mansfield State Normal School. On December 19, 1878, he married Miss Ella M., daughter of Hiram and Lodoiska Yannest, of Standing Stone, and this union resulted in the birth of three daughters: Lucy M., Florence E. and S. Lodoiska. Mr. Stevens is an enterprising young farmer, and " his place is situated on the high land, north of Franklindale ; it com prises 120 acres, and is known as the " Mineral Spring Farm," because of a valuable mineral spring on the place, which has not yet been analyzed. Mr. Stevens is a general farmer, and owns a fine assortment of stock ; also pays some attention to wool-raising. His farm is well supplied with a living spring of soft water. He is a Democrat, and has held the offices of auditor and inspector of elections. He is a member of the Grange. CYRUS LEE STEYENS, physician and surgeon, Athens, is a native of Pike township, this county, a son of Cyrus and Lydia A. (Lacpy) Stevens. The father, a farmer, died at SteA^ensvifie, this county, February 12, 1890, in his eighty-seventh year; his widow survives. Dr. Stevens, who is the youngest in a family of eight children, grad uated at Lafayette College in 1876, was tutor of Natural Sciences at Parsons College for two years, and in 1878 entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Keokuk, IoAva, from which he graduated in the spring of 1880 ; he soon thereafter went to Turkey (Asia Minor), Avhere he practiced his profession three years, when he returned to New York City, where he practiced until 1885 ; during which time he was medical superintendent of the New York Post-Graduate Medical School and Hospital. In August, 1885, he came to Athens, where he has since practiced. He was married at Laceyville, Pa., in 1880, to Nettie J. Keeney. Dr. and Mrs. Stevens are members of the Presby terian Church, of which he is a ruling elder. He is a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70 ; of the I. O. O. F., No. 165 ; of the Royal Arcanum, No. 1153, and of the Order of the Iron Hall, No. 146. The Doctor is ex-president of the Bradford County Medical Society, a member of the Pennsylvania State Medical Society and of the American Medical Association ; is consulting surgeon of the Robert Packer Hospital, at Sayre, Pa., and is a member of the board of health, Athens. In politics Dr. Stevens is a Republican. 1196 ' HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. EBENEZER LACEY STEVENS, merchant, Pike township, P. O. Stevensville, was born, April 4, 1843, on the place where he noAv resides, a son of Cyrus and Lydia Ann (Lacey) Stevens, matives of Pennsylvania, of New England origin. The paternal grandparents were Aeden and Annis (Warner) Stevens, who came from Connecticut in 1794 and looated on the farm where our subject now lives; they had five children, of whom Cyrus was the third in order of birth. To Cyrus and Lydia Ann (Lacey) Stevens were born eight children, E. Lacey being the fifth. He spent his boyhood on the farm, attending the common school, where he completed his education; at twenty-five he engaged in farming, Avhich he has followed to some extent since ; in 1880 he engaged with H. A. Ross in the mercantile business. Mr. Stevens was married, October 8, 1868, to Abbie Birchard, daughter of John and Mary (Griswould) Birchard, and this union has been blessed with three children: Mary Lucretia, born October 24, 1870, and died March 2, 1876; Eva Louise, born November 8, 1874, and Ruie May, born May 1, 1880. Mr. and Mrs. Stevens are members of the Pres byterian Church, of Avhich he is an elder; he is a Republican and has been toAvn commissioner, school director and assistant assessor. ELMER F. STEYENS, farmer, and manufacturer of lumber, lath' and shingles, SteATensville, was born at Stevensville, this county, May 12, 1850, and is a son of Myron and Susan (Bosworth) Stevens, the former a son of Nathan Stevens, and the latter a daughter of Reed Bosworth. In their father's family there were eight children, of whom Elmer F. Stevens is the youngest. He was reared on a farm, educated in the common school and LeRaysville Academy, and began life for himself at the age of twenty-one, engaging in farming the next fourteen years. He then exchanged a portion of his farm, with W. C. Burrows, for a stock of goods, at Stevensville, where he remained in mercantile business three years, and then removed to his present home, where he has since lived. In 1883, he engaged with his brother- in-law, F. E. Eastabrook, in the lumber business, of which they have made a success. Mr. Stevens was married, September 11, 1870, to Clara B., daughter of Edward J. and Emaline (Potter) Eastabrook, of English lineage, and they have the following children: Walter B., born February 10, 1873, head sawyer in his father's mill; Fred E., born May 21, 1877, and Floyd R., born January 2, 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Stevens are members of the Presbyterian Church, and he is a Republican in politics. GEORGE W. STEYENS, farmer, Pike township, P. O. Stevens ville, Avas born, April 3. 1867, on the farm Avhere he now resides, the only child of Aeden and Lucy (YanGorden) Stevens, natives of Penn sylvania, and of New England origin. He was reared on a farm, educated in the common-school, and at Nicholson, Pa. He began life for himself at sixteen, on his present farm of seventy-nine acres, Avhich he inherited from his father. Mr. Stevens married, May 11, 1889, Miss Mary, daughter of Sylvester and Delia (Terry) PoAvers, natives of Pennsylvania, also of New England origin, and her grand parents were among the early settlers in Pike township. They have HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1197 one child, Earl A., born November 2, 1890. Mr. Stevens is a member of the Farmers' Association, and is a Republican in politics. JOEL STEYENS, farmer, P. O. Macedonia, was born February 7, 1828, in Standing Stone, this county, a son of Asa and Phoebe (Yought) Stevens, former of whom was born in Luzerne county, Pa., and latter in Peekskill, N. Y. Joel Stevens was reared on his father's farm, educated in the schools of his native toAvn, learned the carpenter's trade, and was a contractor and builder over fifteen years. He was married, January 8, 1863, to Sarah, daughter of George and Rebecca (Terry) Gordon, whose ancestors were among the pioneers of the county, coining here in an early day and settling at Terrytown. To Mr. and Mrs. Stevens were born children, as follows : George, born December 2, 1864, married to Alice G. Cole; Augusta L., born Septem ber 24, 1866; Mary E., born March 8, 1870; Joseph M., born July 5, 1872; Thomas E., born December 10, 1874, of Avhom the first three were born in Standing Stone, and the two latter in Asylum. The great-grandfather of subject was killed by the Indians a feAv days before the massacre at Wyoming, and Grandfather Stevens, who was born in Canterbury, Conn., Avas a soldier in the Revolutionary Army, enlisting when but fourteen years of age. Mr. Stevens is a Democrat, and has held many places of public trust; he has been a school director twenty years, and at the present time is town auditor. He is a popu lar man with both political parties, and is respected by a wide circle of friends. JONATHAN B. STEYENS, farmer, Pike township, was born February 18, 1838, the second of three children of Henry L. and Martha "(Brink) Stevens. He was reared on a farm and educated in the common school, beginning life for himself at the age of twenty-one, farming, Avhich occupation he has since followed except while in the army. He enlisted at ToAvanda, August 24, 1862, in Company B, One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment P. Y. I., and was mustered out April 24, 1863, on surgeon's certificate of disability. Mr. Stevens Avas married, May 27, 1863, to Miss Sarah O, daughter of Nathan and Delia M. (White) Rockwell, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of NeAV York ; they have one child, Ella M., born October 25, 1864, married to F. E- Eastabrook. Mr. Stevens is a stanch and life long Republican. OLIVER W. STEYENS was born in Stevensville, Pike township, this county, January 15, 1831, on the old homestead farm of his grand father, Col. Aden Stevens, one of the early pioneers of the Wyalusing valley, who purchased and settled upon it in the year 1794, and noAv is owned and occupied by E. Lacey Stevens, having been kept continuously in the family for three generations, and almost one hundred years. Col. Aden Stevens Avas the son of Peter Stevens, of NeAV Milford, Conn., a Revolutionary soldier, who was wounded at the capture of Danbury, from which he died August 6, 1779, leaving a large family of children, of which five subsequently settled and raised large families in Pike township. Two of his sons. Col. Aden and Nathan, came to the present site of Stevensville in 1794, and jointly purchased some five hundred acres of Capt. Bronson, lying on both sides of the Wyalusing 1198 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. creek, under the Connecticut title, paying for the same one hundred pounds (money) in gold. The Pennsylvania title was purchased of John B. Wallace and others about 1814. They, after a few years, divided their land, and each established for himself a good home and a fair competency, besides raising large families and paying for their land twice. Col. Aden Stevens was commissioned colonel of the One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Regiment of Pennsylvania Militia, Second Brigade, Ninth Nivision, composed of the counties of Northumberland, Lycoming and Luzerne, September 9, 1805. During the War of 1812 he was ordered to Northumberland, but peace was declared before he took part in any engagement. He was a very active, energetic man, a deacon of the Presbyterian Church, of whicli he Avas a member over fifty years. A stanch Whig, he held several important positions of trust, and he died at his home July 28, 1858. He married, -November 14, 1796, Anise Warner, and had five children, as folloAvs : Oliver W., Hiram, Cyrus, Anne and Sally. Anise (Warner) Stevens died Feb ruary 6, 1814, and February 16, 1815, he married Rebecca P. Somers, by whom he had three children : Philena, Louis (died in infancy) and Peter. Oliver W. went to Ohio in 1819, was a merchant in Cincinnati for some time, and engaged in steamboating on the Ohio, Mississippi and Missouri rivers. In or about 1850 he went to California, engaged in banking, and died there a few years since. He was a very successful business man, and amassed a iarge fortune. Hiram settled upon a farm in Stevensville, was a successful farmer, a devout Christian, and died a few years since, beloved and respected by all who knew him. Cyrus, the father of Oliver W., remained on the homestead farm. He was educated in the common schools, and had the advantage of a thorough home training, With a natural taste for letters, he acquired a general fund of information and knowledge of the sciences that has often put to blush the college graduate. He was a man of modest mien, never forcing his views or opinions (which were very decided) upon others. He held a captain's commission in the militia, was post master at Stevensville for some tAventy years, and held several town offices. He was a ready writer, as many of his published articles will attest; a Presbyterian by faith and profession; a strong Whig in early life, later a stanch Republican, and after a fairly successful life he died February la, 1890. Anne married Abel Bolles; Sally married Elkanah Bolles; Philena married Elisha LeAvis; Peter went West and died in Kansas. In 1830 Cyrus Stevens married Lydia Ann, daughter of Ebenezer and Zeruah (Northrup) Lacey, of Laceyville, Wyoming county. She was the eldest of ten children, six of whom are now living. Cyrus and Lydia Ann Stevens were the parents of eight children, as follows: Oliver W.; Lucretia and Maria died young; Lydia Philena ivas married to Charles Ingham, who died, and she afterward married Ellicott A. Ingham, and lives in Iowa; E. Lacey Stevens remains on the homestead, and is one of the mercantile firm of Ross, Stevens & Jones, of Stevensville ; Zeruah is the wife of James Avery; Louisa Avas married to Dr. Frank Taylor, and died in her thirtieth year ; Dr. Cyrus Lee Stevens lives in Athens. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1199 Oliver W. Stevens, the subject of this sketch, attended the common school in Stevensville, and the Academy of LeRaysville, also Owego Academy, and when about twenty years of age began the practice of surveying and civil engineering, teaching school winters for a number of years. In 1852 he purchased a farm near LeRaysville and located there. In 1859 he sold his farm and purchased the Hill Side farm in Herrick, to Avhich he moved and where he has since resided, a few acres of the same being the first improvement made in the toAvnship. There are now thrifty bearing apple-trees thereon, which were set out pre vious to 1805. The house Avas built by one Sabins, in 1810, being the oldest remaining house in the township. Mr. Stevens was elected county surveyor in 1868, and has held various toAvnship offices. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, of Stevensville, and in politics is a Republican. He married, May 22, 1854, Susan E., the youngest of eight children of John and Marinda (Stone) Ingham, and born November 20, 1832. They had five children : Manning R., born May 15, 1855, died in infancy; Susan, born May 11, 1857, died young; Lydia Marinda, born October 14, 1858; Harvey Ingham, born February 1, 1861, and Cyrus Aden, born July 21, 1864. Susan E. (Ingham) Stevens died July 27, 1875, and Mr. Stevens married, March 8, 1881,Uraniah L., the eldest of ten children of Ira L. and Henrietta (Carman) Brown, born at Sugar Hill, Wilmot township, April 15, 1855. They have one child, Susan Uraniah Stevens, born July 18, 1883. PHILANDER G. STEYENS, retired farmer, Columbia township, P. O. Sylvania, was born in Burlington township, this county, January 1, 1832, a son of Joel and Celestia (Ballard) Stevens; his paternal grandfather was formerly of Massachusetts, and was a pioneer of Troy toAvnship, this county, while his maternal grandfather, Nathaniel Ballard, Avas a native of Vermont, and son of John Ballard, both of whom Avere pioneers of Burlington township. Nathaniel, Avith a brother John, made the first clearing in Columbia township in 1796-97. He returned to Burlington township soon after, and in 1833 again located on the farm now owned by our subject, and resided there until his death, Avhich occurred November -1, 1861, when he was aged eighty-three years ; he Avas born December 27, 1787. The father of our subject was a native of Spencer, Tioga Co., N. Y., but was reared in Burlington township, this county, and settled in Columbia township in 1853, where he cleared a large part of the farm now owned by our subject, and died there in 1880. at the age of eighty years ; his children were : Harriet (Mrs. William G. Bradford), Nathaniel, Philander G., Susan (Mrs Alvin Furman), Lydia (Mrs. David Wherler) and Myron. Philander G. Stevens was reared in Columbia township, where he has always resided. In 1853 he married Achsa, daughter of James and Louise (Strait) Parsons, of Columbia township, and has one daughter, Harriet (Mrs. Fred D. Bedford). Mr. Stevens is a prominent and influential citizen of Columbia, a member of the I. O. O. F., and in politics is a Democrat. SILAS W. STEVENS, farmer, Pike township, P. O. Stevensville, was born April 5, 1830, in Pike township, this county, a son of Nathan and Phoebe (Scoville) Stevens, the former a native of Connecticut, 1200 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and the latter of Pennsylvania. In their family there Avere nine chil dren, of whom Silas W. is the fifth. He Avas educated in the common school, and began life for himself at the age of twenty-one. After one year spent on a farm, he learned the blacksmith's trade, which he followed five years ; then resumed farming, which he has since fol lowed. His present home of two hundred acres was inherited. Mr. Stevens Avas married, December 15, 1863, to Henrietta A., daughter of George N. and Elizabeth (Lockwood) Stevens, and they have two chil dren : Harry S., born January 16, 1866, married, December 19, 1888, to Emma Harris (and they have one child, Ina M., born October 18, 1889); Louie, born July 30, 1877. About 1794, Aden and Nathan, Sr., Ste vens located on the farm now owned by E. Lacey Stevens, and an adjoining farm , and soon thereafter their brother Samuel settled where H. U. Jones now lives, and a half-brother, Jonathan Stevens, where Silas W. now owns. Aden was once tax collector, and went to Wilkes-Barre (then the county-seat) with the taxes of Pike town ship, amounting to something less than three dollars. Mr. and Mrs. Stevens and their son, Harry S., are members of the Presbyterian Church, and in polities are Democratic. Mr. Stevens was postmaster four years under Cleveland's administration, and is at present a school director, and a member of the Patrons of Industry. Harry S. Stevens is also a member of the Patrons of Industry. WILLIAM V. STEVENS was born in Orange county, N. Y,, June 28, 1819, and died February 4, 1878. He was the fifth of ten children of Jeremiah and Nancy (Smith) Stevens, and he was reared by his aunt, Mrs. Isaac Wells, of Southport, N. Y. He came first to Bradford county in 1846, working as a millwright at Mason's mill ; then lived in Elmira until 1859, when he located on his present home, Avhich he rented until 1867, Avhen he purchased it, and placed the present buildings thereon. Mr. Stevens was married, May 11, 1847, to Miss Julia A., daughterof Joseph and Mary (Mason) Griggs, and this union Avas blessed with seven children, viz.: Mary E., born May 24, 1848, married to Winfield Scott ; Eugene W., born November 21, 1849, liv ing at home; Joseph F., born July 16, 1853, married to Emma Ennis, of Liberty Corners, by whom he has two children, and resides at Gaines, Pa.; Oscar L., born September 17, 1855, employed in the toy factory at Towanda (he married Elizabeth Allen, of Laddsburg, by whom he has three children), Emily L., born September 19, 1862, is at home; Willis E., born April 19, 1865, is engaged in the toy factory at Monroeton ; and Charles V., born March 21, 1873, died December 6, 1882. The family have always been identified with the Presbyterian Church, and are Republicans in politics. REV. JOHN STEVENS STEWART, D. D., the present pastor of the First Presbyterian Church of Towanda, began his labors in this congregation March 1, 1870, and is therefore in the twenty-second year of his service in this church. Dr. Stewart was born at Jenkintown, Pa., April 1, 1835, the youngest of a family of nine children. His father, Ardemus Stewart, was born in what is now Philadelphia, and came of Scotch ancestry. His mother, Eliza (Dillion) Stewart, was born at Abington, Pa., of French blood on her paternal, and of German blood HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1201 on her maternal, side. The farm on which her father and mother began their married life 100 years ago was retained by her until her death, in 1887, and is still, in part, held by her children. The early life of the subject of this sketch was spent in JenkintOAvn, but when he was fourteen years of age his parents removed to their farm at Abington. He was able here to gratify his predominant tastes for communion with nature, and for books. His early reading was mainly in the line of belles-lettres; and especially did he become acquainted with the great English poets. In the two years of his farm life, he mingled ploughing with poetry, and hay-making with essay-writing. The religious atmosphere of his early years Avas surcharged with the sober and serious influences of old-time Presbyterianism. The follow ing realistic poem, written in later life, gathers up his recollections of his youthful environment : " O, the Sabbaths that are past! How their holy memories last, Like the odor of the violets around our childhood's door! Sure the sky seemed nearer then, And a warmer hand had men, And a brighter aureole the brows of saintly women wore. " Now the quaint old church is gone, In its stead a Gothic one; And a bell from out the tower calls a younger race to prayer. True; 'tis sweet, but then I think Of the saints across the brink, And I miss the solemn stillness in the brooding Sabbath air. " Where the girls who used to be In the queer old gallery, And sing till all the house was filled with clear and joyous sound ; All are vanished: now the place Knows no more such maiden grace. One with heavenly light and gladness has her modest forehead crowned. •' But the sweetest thoughts of all Are the Sabbaths I recall, When the banquet-hall was opened and the banner waved of love. Then the elders sang ' Coleshill,' And the preacher's eyes did fill, And we sat and wept together with the Spirit of above. " To the past a pensive sigh! Morrow-duties call hard by, And God's angels walk around us truly as in days of yore. Blessed Sabbaths that are past, May your memory always last, And the languid pulse of duty quicken ever more and more! " Out of these sober and stimulating influences at the age of sixteen, a shy and dreamy boy passed into the severe discipline and eager com petitions of school-life. For two years he pursued the studies prepara tory to college at the Tennent School, Hartsville, Pa. — named after the" famous William Tennent, Avho founded the Log College near by — and in August, 1853, entered the Sophomore Class in Princeton College, and graduated in 1856. He was the first class-day poet in that insti tution : the class-day exercises of that time consisting of merely an oration, a poem and a class song. The newly -fledged A. B. sighed for 1202 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. some larger and more definite knowledge of the world, before entering upon a course of professional study, and so, for two years, he presided over one of those family-schools, which were a striking feature of the South in the days before the Civil War. It was " simplex " without the " munditiis." A log cabin formed the school-house, and the fur niture Avas any thing but spruce or elegant. But the grace and elegance were found outside the school-room in the manners and conversation of the cultivated men and Avomen who kept up well the old traditions of Virginian courtesy and hospitality. In September, 1858, Dr. Stewart returned to Princeton and entered the Theological Seminary ; whence, after a full course, he was graduated in 1861. During a part of this time he served as tutor of rhetoric in Princeton College. During the War summer of 1861 Dr. Stewart supplied the Presbyterian Church of Silver Spring, Cumberland Co., Pa., and in November of the same year was called to the pastorate of the Presbyterian Church at Greenwich, Cumberland Co., N. J. He was ordained and installed February 11, 1862, and remained as pastor until he removed to Towanda. His entire ministerial life has been spent in these two congregations, and has been quiet and uneventful. The church at Greenwich was blessed with a powerful revival during his ministry, the fruit of which is apparent to this day ; and several revivals of greater or less power have marked his labors in Towanda. This church numbered 150 mem bers when he became pastor March 8, 1870, and now it numbers 392. During his ministry of twenty years, about 500 persons have been added to the church, and in every way the congregation has prospered and grown. In 1875 Hamilton College conferred upon Dr. SteAvart the honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity. Dr. Stewart was married, May 1, 1862*, to Miss Anna M. Ellies, of Shippensburg, Pa., Avho has been his active helper in all good Avorks. Their family consists of four children. H. A. STILES, dealer in drugs, books, stationery, tobaccos, paints, oils, etc., Ulster, is a son of Dr. O. D. and Mary E. (Chubbuck) Stiles, who reside in Elmira, N. Y., and was born April 21, 1869, at Rome, Pa. His father was a native of Michigan, and his mother of Pennsyl vania, both of English descent. His maternal grandparents, L. S. and Phoebe Chubbuck, reside in North Orwell, this county. His father's family consisted of eight children, seven of Avhom survive. H. A. is the only one of the children who resides in this county ; he was reared in Elmira, N. Y., and attended the public school during school-time, and clerked in his father's drug store during vacations. He graduated, with honors, from the Elmira schools, June.27, 1884, and, having learned the drug business in his father's store, on leaving school, he accepted a position in an Elmira drug store, owned by Dr. J. L. Everitt, and was here a short time, then worked in Gerity Brothers' wholesale drug store for one and one-half years, after which he returned to his former place with Dr. J. L. Everitt, where he remained until August, 1889, when he came to Ulster, and purchased the drug store he now oavhs. He was united in marriage with Jennie M., daughter of L. J. and Martha J. (Blakeslee) Ballard, of Troy, Pa., September 26, 1889. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; he is a member HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1203 of the Order of Aegis, of which he is secretary, and is one of the leading successful business men of his locality. JAMES STIRTON, farmer, P. O. Bentley Creek, was born April 4, 1833, on the farm where he now resides, a son of John and Ellison (Elder) Stirton, the former born in Edinburgh, Scotland, and the latter in London, England. The father, Avho Avas a baker, and carried on an extensive business in London several years, came, in 1828, to America, and was one of the first settlers in the Avestern part of Ridgebury, this county; he avus a prominent member of the Presbyterian Church, and his influence Avas always that of the best of men; he died at the age of seventy-nine years, and the mother when aged sixty-eight years. There were eight children in their family, seven of whom are now living; one son, John, was in the Civil War. Mr. Stirton, the subject of these lines, has a fine farm of 130 acres in a beautiful location in the township of Ridgebury. He Avas married, May 25, 1868, to Mrs. Sarah E. (BroAvn) Raynor; she was born in South Creek township, July 25, 1837, a daughter of Elijah and Lucetta (Burnham) BroAvn, and to them was born one daughter, who died at the age of seven years. Mrs. Stirton has two children by her first husband: Eva, M., wife of Frank SAvartwood, and Ettie B., wife of John L. Wilcox. Mr. Stirton is a Republican in politics, but takes no active part in the affairs of the party, and is one of the substantial and highly respected citizens of the toAvn; his wife is a consistent member of the Baptist Church of Wellsburg. CHARLES R. STONE, merchant, Wyalusing, Avas born in Camp- toAvn, this county, August 27, 1849, a son of Philemon and Theresa (Homet) Stone, the former of whom was a farmer, and had a family of five children, viz.: Charles R.; Thomas B., a farmer on the old home stead ; a daughter that died in infancy; Ulysses P., a farmer on the old homestead, and Lucy. The parents are both living. Charles R. Stone was born and reared on a farm, and educated at Camptown Academy. When eighteen years old he began clerking for C. S. Laf ferty, with whom he remained seven years; then came to Wyalusing and entered the employ as clerk for Bosworth, Stone & Co., where he remained until August" 27, 1889, Avhen he became a member of the firm. He is unmarried. Politically he is a Republican, and has held various township offices; was assessor three terms, and elected first treasurer of the borough. WESLEY B. STONE, farmer, LeRoy township, P. O. West LeRoy, was born in LeRoy township, on the old homestead, Decem ber 17, 1838, a son of Horace and Cynthia (Lindly) Stone, natives of Connecticut and Vermont, respectively. They moved to this county in 1820, locating in West LeRoy, where he continued farming until his death, which occurred May 11, 1861; his wife died March 22, 1867. Their family consisted of ten children, nine of Avhom greAv to maturity, and six are now living. Our subject, Avho is the eighth member of the family, was reared in his native town and educated at the common school, has always followed farming, and is now the owner of eighty- five acres of fertile land, lie married, March 11, 1863, Mary R, daughter of Rev. E. H. and Permelia (Griggs) Cranmer, the former 1204 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of whom Avas a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and for a number of years presiding elder oaw the old Troy (now the Elmira) district. To Mr. and Mrs. Stone was born, October 16, 1865, one son, Horace L., who married Bertha, daughter of Oakly and Anna Lewis; he is a young man of promise, now engaged in the mercantile busi ness in LeRoy. Mr. Stone is a prosperous farmer, raising stock, wool, butter and grain. He has been elected to various offices in the town ; is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; also a member of the Grange, and in politics he is a Repuolican. JONAS F. STORRS, farmer, P. O. LeRoy, was born in Delaware county, N. Y., a son of Isaac C. and Emily (Owens) Storrs, also natives of Delaware county. Isaac C. Storrs, who was a son of Oliver Storrs, removed to Liberty, Tioga Co., Pa., Avhere he remained seven years; then came to Bradford county, first locating in Canton, afterward in Granville, where he remained until his death, which occurred November 13, 1889. He was an industrious farmer. His family consisted of three sons, all of Avhom grew to maturity. Jonas F., Avho is the eldest in the family. Avas reared and educated in Granville, this county, and in his early life he learned the blacksmith's trade, fie Avas twice married, his first wife being Mrs. Eleanor Gifford, the widoAv of Stephen Gifford, and a daughter of John and Sallie Coon; his second wife was Alice M., daughter of Dr. W. H. and Polly (Bullock) Holcomb, of LeRoy; by this marriage there Avas one child, Iona B., born June 4, 1879. Dr. Hol comb, the father of Mrs. Storrs, was born in LeRoy, and is the son of Eli Holcomb, one of the early settlers of LeBoy township, this county. He was a successful physician and had a large practice; he died at the age of sixty-one years; his Avidow and eight children still survive him. Mr. Storrs was one of the first volunteers to ansAver to his country's call, enlisting April 22, 1861, and serving his first term. He was hon orably discharged and again enlisted, this time July 22, 1861, in Com pany G, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves, for a term of three years; after a service of nine months he Avas honorably discharged on account of disability, and is noAv drawing a pension. He engaged in general farm ing, paying some attention to blooded horses; he is living with-Mrs. Dr. Holcomb, whose farm he works in connection Avith his own in Gran ville; he is a member of the G. A. R., the Patrons of Husbandry and politically he is a Republican. ALVIN STRAUSS, foreman, L. Y. R. R. repair shops, Sayre, is a native of Lehigh county. Pa., and was born August 15, 1834, a son of Reuben and Sarah (Edelman) Strauss, natives of Lehigh county, the former of Avhom was a contractor. Grandfather John Strauss was a soldier in the War of 1812. Alvin, who is the second in a family of seven children, received a common-school education, and when a young man served an apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade, at which he Avorked in his native county until 1862, when he went to Mauch Chunk, in the employ of the Lehigh Valley Railroad Company, and after about three years moved to Wilkes-Barre and was in the employ of the company until October, 1869, Avhen he went to Waverly, Avhere he remained until the shops were removed to Sayre, where he has been in the employ of the company since. He enlisted in the State Militia HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1205 on the Sunday preceding the battle of Gettysburg, but was mustered out after being out six weeks. Mr. Strauss was married in Allentown, Pa., in 1861, to Miss Mary (Shelley) Thomas, the eldest of two chil dren, and born in Bucks county, Pa., October 12, 1836. To the union of Mr. and Mrs. Strauss were born six children, as follows: Charles, Carrie, William T., Gertie, John and Eva E. The family are members of the Lutheran Church, of which Mr. Strauss holds the office of councilman; he is a member of the A. O. U. W., the Knights of Honor and the Empire Order Mutual Aid. In politics he is a Democrat, and is treasurer of Sayre borough. FRANK I. STREBY, carriage manufacturer, Overton, is a native in Sullivan county, Pa., born April 5, 1860", and is a son of Thomas and Caroline (Bleiler) Streby, natiA^es of Pennsylvania and of German extraction. The ancestors who came to America were Isaac Streby and Betsey Ann Ruth, the former of Avhom died in Overton in 1880, and the latter in 1886; these were grandparents of the subject of this brief sketch. In the father's family were John, Fyann and EdAvard, of whom Fyann died in 1865. Thomas Streby removed to SulliAran county, where he reared a family of five children, of whom Frank I. is the third. Our subject grew to manhood in his native place, and came to Overton in 1881. He had learned the carriage-maker's trade, and engaged at same in his new home, and he now owns and operates an extensive factory, turning out carriages, wagons and sleighs, and in all his work he has his own blacksmith shop. He was married, April 30, 1884, to Ellen, daughter of John and Hannah Heverly Molyneux, Pennsylvanians, of English and German extraction. Of this union there are three children, as follows : Herman O, and Thomas R. and Carrie E. (twins). Mr. Streby has a taste for fine horses, and has raised and handled many in his time, and has done much for the improvement of the horse in this county. In his barn at this time is the thoroughbred French imported coach stallion, "Rattler, Jr.," born at La Prairie, Canada, June 12, 1884, and which he imported at great expense. The Streby family worship at the German Reformed Church. He is a Democrat, has been school director, and is constable. CHARLES B. STRICKLAND, farmer, Wysox township, P. O. Towanda, Avas born in Wysox, this county, January 6, 1864, and is a son of Stephen and Caroline (Holmes) Strickland, who are descendants of pioneer families in Bradford county. The father was born October 5, 1822, and died February 20, 1888 ; the mother was born May 30, 1830, and is now living with him on the old homestead. The grand parents were Stephen Strickland (born January 1, 1791, died April 12, 1874) and Mary Dewitt (born December 16, 1793, died February 27, I860). The great-grandparents were Stephen Strickland (born in 1763. died in 1800, and Nancy Wilcox, born 1768, died in 1841). In the father's family there were four children: Frances IL, born December 15, 1859, died' December 28, 1862; Mary E., born October 20,1861, married to James W. Shiner, Charles Bradford, the subject of this sketch, married January 9. 1889, to Miss Ethel Elizabeth, daughter of Hiram S. and Lydia Ml (Graves), of Towanda (they have one child, Stephen, born April 22, 1890). The youngest child in Stephen 71 120C HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Strickland's family is Ella Lucile, born October 21, 1865. Mr. and Mrs. Charles B. Strickland are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Towanda, and in politics he is a Republican. DANIEL STRONG, farmer, proprietor of feed, cider and saAv- mills, P. O. Wells, Avas born in Wells toAATnship, this oounty, January 19, 1861 ; his parents were Daniel and Lucretia (Sherman) Strong, natives of Otsego county, N. Y., where the former was a tanner and lumberman, and died in 1861. Mrs. Strong still survives him, and resides on the farm with her son. Daniel Avas reared on the farm and educated in the common schools; his father erected the saAvmill in Avhioh he placed new machinery; he added the oider-mill in 1S83, and erected the feed-mill in 1884; he OAvns a farm containing 152 acres, which is in a good state of cultivation. He married, in Troy, in 1887, Nettie, daughter of James and Mary (Salsberry) Sa\vyer. James Salsberry is a farmer, and resides in Troy township, and Mrs. Strong, who was born in Troy township, in August, 1806, is the sec ond in order of birth in his family of three ohildren. To Mr. and Mrs. Strong Avere born tAvo children : Harry and Claude. Mr. Strong is a member of Wells Grange, No. 528; politically he is a Democrat, and is serving his second year as a constable and collector. JAMES H. STRONG, of the firm of Strong & Gernert, general merchants, Columbia Cross Roads, Avas born in Wells township, this county, May 6, 1852, a son of Daniel and Lucretia (Sherman) Strong. His paternal grandfather, John Strong, a native of England, was a pioneer of Wells township, where he cleared and improved a large farm ; was also a carpenter by trade, and resided in Wells township until his death; his wife Avas a Miss Burt, by whom he had eleven children, as follows: Clarisa, Cordelia, Elizabeth, John, William, George, Belden, Thomas, James P., Daniel, Sarah and Mary A.; of these Daniel, a native of Wells township, cleared a farm there, and operated a sawmill on his place, in connection, many years; his chil dren were eleven in number: John, Andrew, George, Joseph, James H., Daniel, Clara (Mrs. John Drummond), Mary (Mrs. Asa Wiloox), Flora (Mrs. Richard Wickham), Sarah (Mrs. Crippen), and Hannah (Mrs. Smith). James II. Strong was reared by his uncle, James P. Strong, of Columbia township, and received a common-school educa tion. For ten years he was operator, express and station agent at Columbia Cross Roads, and in the hay and grain business, still contin uing the latter. Since the fall of 1889 he has also been engaged in general merchandising. In 1876 Mr. Strong married Mary Dell, a daughter of William II. and Maria (Ilowland) Gernert, of Columbia township, and they have four sons : Foster, William IL, Andrew and Robert. Mr. Strong is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is a Republican, and has been postmaster of Columbia Cross Roads since the spring of 1889. JAMES II. STRUBLE. farmer, Columbia township, P. 0. Columbia Cross Roads, Avas born in Wantago toAvnship, Sussex Co., N. J.. August, 13, 1833, and is a son of Jacob and Phebe (Kilgore) Struble. 11 is paternal grandfather, Peter Struble, was of Dutch descent, a native of Sussex county, N, J„ and is a son of Peter Struble; his maternal HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY . 1207 grandfather, Robert Kilgore, was a native of Ireland, and a pioneer of Columbia township, this county. Our subject was reared in Sussex county, N. J., removed to Columbia township, this county, with his parents, where they settled and still reside. James H. is the eldest of their six children : James H., Peter, John, Theodore, Jacob and Robert. In 1861, Mr. Struble purchased a farm in Columbia township, which he partially cleared and improved, and still OAvns, and resided there until 1885, when he remoA'edto Columbia Cross Roads, where he still resides. He was twice married ; his first wife was Mrs. Harriet (Furman) Ger nert, and his second wife was Nancy Pennock. Before he married, Mr. Struble had worked' out several years, and helped to clear 100 acres of land. He is a prominent and representative citizen, a mem ber of the Patrons of Husbandry, and in politics he is a Democrat. , JACOB STRUNK (deceased).— The family from which this gentle man has descended, and which has long filled prominent places in the different localities in which they have made their homes, originated in Germany. Tradition tells us that William, Powlis and Henry, three brothers, came to this country on the same ship during Colonial times, and settled on the Delaware river in the vicinity of Bethlehem. Henry is the one through Avhom this family descend, and of his numerous sons two were Revolutionary soldiers : John, great-uncle of our subject, and Henry, his grandfather. John met with many adventures, and saw as hard service as befell the lot of many of that patriotic few. He was in the battle of Cowpens, Ga.; climbed the Heights of Abraham above Quebec Avith Montgomery and Arnold with their patriotic army; at another time marched barefooted over frozen ground to Washington's winter quarters at Valley Forge, where he was, during that long and never-to-be-forgotten winter, for days without food, taking the worms from an old decaying horse's head and roasting and eating them, and declaring at the same time that they were the sweetest morsel he had ever tasted ; then he was a prisoner confined on Long Island, and with thirteen companions attempted to escape by SAvimmingto the main-land, a distance of several miles, and it is a noted fact that he was the only one that succeeded in bringing off his gun and knapsack safely, as the others were compelled to drop theirs in order to save themselves from drowning. This old hero was also captive to the Indian allies of the enemy, and carried to his grave the marks of their savage cruelty, in the amputation of all the ringers and thumbs at the terminal joint. In making his escape, his first food was a small snake which he dis- fatched and dried on his hat; next he came on the hut of a lone old ndian whom he hacked to death with a broken hoe which he found outside the hut; then, helping himself to the dried venison, heAvassoon among the " pale faces" again. After the close of the Revolutionary War he settled in Northumberland county, Pa., where he left many descendants. Of their great-grandfather, Henry, not much is known except that he served his country faithfully in the ranks of Washing ton's army. Their grandfather, Peter Strunk, Avas a soldier of 1812 ; he had the following-named children : Polly, Jacob, John, Betsie, Henry, Julia Ann, Benjamin and Lucinda. Of these, Jacob was born in Northampton county, Pa., January 5, 1802, and while a boy removed 1208 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Avith his parents to Middle Smithfield, Monroe Co., Pa., where he attended school and received a good English education; then learned the trade of plasterer and weaver, serving five years apprenticeship at the latter, which he followed many years ; in after-life he became a farmer, which vocation he carried on until his death; prior to coming to this county he followed rafting on the Delaware river, and became a pilot on the Susquehanna ; he was a natural musician, and for years was fife-major in the militia, and his shrill fife was heard at all training points; he was a man of splendid physique, resolute and amply able to take his own part. He came to this* county May 17, 1824, and located at Frenchtown. He was married, in Monroe county, June 17, 1823, prior to coming to this county, to Nellie or Eleanor Biles, daughter of Alexan der P. Biles, and who came on before him with her people, but he shortly joined her, and they began housekeeping in Frenchtown; then lived on different farms in the vicinity of Homet's Ferry, and finally removed to the farm (where Dr. B. T. now lives) Avhere he died March 29, 1881 , his wife had passed away May 22, 1878. They had the following- named children : Mary O, born February 5, 1826, died January 18, 1854; Roseanna, born August 18, 1827, died June 16, 1851; Samuel, born May 2, 1829, died Nevember 22, 1830 ; Solomon, born February 28, a practicing physician residing on the old homestead at Homet's Ferry, together with his brother, Dr. Benjamin T.; Rebecca, born Janu ary 8, 1834, died September 22, 1868; Ziba S., born April 19, 1836 (married toLoUisa Stiles), farmer, and postmaster at Lime Hill; George N., born August 12, 1838, married to Sophia Mills, and is a farmer of Terry toAvnship; Chandler B., born July 20, 1840, married to Sarah J. Ricketts, and is a music teacher at Utah ville, Pa.; Oscar F., born January 9, 1843, and residing at Meshoppen, and Benjamin T. Jacob Strunk AvTas an extremely modest man, and had no faculty of putting himself ahead in the world ; but it has been said of him that he Avas scrupulously honest and truthful. Although not connected Avith any church, he was a firm believer in the doctrines of the Bap tists (NeAV School), and was a constant reader of the Bible, Avhich was held by him, as was the Deity, in the greatest reverence. He was hospitable, in the fullest sense of the Avord, and the best he had was none too good for his friends. Dr. Benjamin T. Strunk was born January 24, 1846, in Wyalusing township, this county, and was educated in the common schools and academies of the county. For ten years he folloAved teaching in this and Clearfield counties, and then began the study of medicine, and Avas graduated at the United States Medical College, of New York, March 6, 1883 ; since when he has been a practicing physician, located in the vicinity of Homet's Ferry. He has a large and extensive prac tice, and associated Avith him is his brother, Dr. Solomon Strunk, a physician of tAventy-seven years' experience, and a fine specialist, being remarkably successful in his treatment of all chronic diseases, and they have met with well-merited success. Politically, the family are Republicans. Dr. B. T. Strunk was elected coroner of Bradford county in 1887, and Avas re-elected in 1890. He has a farm of seventy acres, which he oversees. The Doctor is a mem- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1209 ber of Clausin Lodge, No. 920, I". O. O. F., Sugar Run ; also of Lime Hill Association, No. 3305, P. of I. He is an enthusiastic lover of music (a characteristic of the family), and for years has led the choir in his vicinity, as have also other members of the family. In fact, the Strunk family have contributed their full share to the musical inter ests of their community. Z. S. STRUNK, farmer, and postmaster at Lime Hill, was born in Wyalusing township, this county, April 19, 1836, Avas reared on a farm and received the advantages of a common-school and a musical educa tion. When fifteen years of age he began Avorking at the shoemaker's trade, in which he soon became proficient, and which he followed with unusual success many years, numbering among his customers many from Towanda, Wilkes-Barre, and even points more remote. He opened his first shop on his father's farm in Wyalusing township, and Avorked there until 1857 ; when he removed to Craig's Meadows, same State, where he was located eight years ; then moved to Vaughn Hill, this oounty, remaining two years, afterward living in Camptown, until 1876, when he gave up his trade and removed to his present fine well- stocked farm on Lime Hill. During a short period he taught common school, and also vocal music most of the time for thirty winters — not consecutively, however — commencing at the age of seventeen and closing at the age of fifty-three. Mr. Strunk was united in marriage, August 12, 1865, with Louisa A., daughter of Moses Stiles, of Monroe county, which union has been blessed with a family of three children : Grenville O, born May 9, 1866, died August 23, 1891 ; Vesta L., born January 29, 1879, and Mabel O, born September 9, 1880. Mr. Strunk is a member of the Baptist Church ; also of the I. O. O. F., Asylum Lodge, No. 488 ; is a member of and president/of Lime Hill Associa tion, P. of L, No. 3305. Politically, he is a stanch Republican, and Avas appointed postmaster at Lime Hill in 1876, which office he has since held. He has always been dependent upon his OAvn resources, and is a successful business man as well as farmer. ANDREW J. STUART, of the firm of Stuart & MaxAvell, drug gists, Troy, was born in Wells township, this county, September 21, 1851, and is a son of Noble J. and Mary (Roberts) Stuart. His father, a native of Connecticut, and a carpenter by trade, settled in Wells to Avnship about 1850, and followed his trade in connection with farm ing in different parts of the county, up to 1860, when he located in Trpy, where he has since resided ; he was tax collector of Troy, three terms, and is now serving his third term as justice, of the peace; his Avife Avas a native of the State of New York, and they have had three children : Zada J. (Mrs. William Bird), Andrew J. and Jesse E. The subject of this memoir was reared in Bradford county, and educated at the'graded schools and Troy Academy. For seven years he served in the capacity of clerk in the dry-goods business; then was four years in the drug' trade, as a member of the firm of Stuart Bros., at Bloss burg, Pa., Avhere he learned the business. In 1876 they removed to Troy and purchased the drug business of R. F. Redington, and contin ued the business eight years, when the firm of Stuart & Maxwell was formed (J. E. Stuart, of Stuart Bros., retiring from the firm at the 1210 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. expiration of the eight years), in which name the business has since successfully continued. Mr. Stuart was married, April 19, 1881, to Nellie J., daughter of Robert P. Hagerman, of Springfield township. He is a member of the Episcopal Church, of the I. O. O. F., and in politics is a Republican. JOHN Q. SULLIVAN, farmer, Ulster, was born June 24, 1837, in Sussex county, N. J., a son of Charles L. and Mary (Myers) Sullivan, the former of whom is a native of Vermont, and the latter of New Jersey. His father was a blacksmith, emigrating to this county in 1872, settling at Ulster, and had a family of eight children, four of whom are yet aliA'e, John Q. and Mrs. A. A. Kinneur being the only ones residing in this countv. Our subject received his education in the schools of Sanderson, New Jersey, and acquired a good common education; he has always been a farmer, and owns a beautiful home in the village of Ulster. He Avas married, December 24, 1864, to Emerette Smith, a daughter of Henry and Abagail Smith, and to them were born six children, viz.: Charles H., in California; Frank K., now in Minneapolis ; Fred L , in Pittsburgh ; Mary Dell, at home ; Corral Ida died December 10, 1872, and Johnny died April 20, 1881; The family belong to the Methodist Episcopal Church, of which Mr. Sullivan is steward; he is a member of Ulster Lodge, No. 2057, K. of H. is a Republican in politics, and holds the oflice of school director, and is a member of the board of education of the toAvnship. STEPHEN SULLIVAN, foreman section No. 11, Lehigh Valley Railroad, Wyalusing, was born in Standing Stone township, this county, December 20, 1862, a son of Michael and Kate (Dorsey) Sulli van, both of whom are living in Wyalusing township, and with whom our subject makes his home. His parents Avere both born in Ireland, but his father came to this country while a young man, and has been engaged most of his time since as foreman on public works. They had a family of four children : Mary, now in the grocery and confectionery business in Wyalusing ; Kate; Maggie, married to M. J. Larkin, and residing in Wyalusing oorough, and our subject, Avho passed his boyhood in this county, and attended the common schools. When sixteen years of age he began to work on the railroad during the summers, and attended school during the winter time, for two years ; then took charge of a set of men in the Coxeton yards, where he remained a short time ; then was made section foreman on the Lehigh Valley Railroad, and has filled that position since. He is a member of the Roman Catholic Church, at Towanda; politically he is Independent. JOAB SUMMERS (deceased) was born in Northumberland county, Pa., September 1, 1800, and was of English origin. He Avas orig inally a Aveaver by trade, but after his marriage he abandoned that calling and engaged in farming on .the farm where his widow and daughter and son-in-law now live, Avhere he resided until March 1, 1887, when he Avent to his eternal rest. Mr. Summers Avas married, June 5, 1831, to Miss Sallie Hollon, who was born March 29, 1810, a daughter of Jeremiah and Betsey (Orcutt) Hollon, of Chemung, N. Y, and of New England origin. This happy union was blessed with one son and one daughter: Angeline E., born January 3, 1835, married to HISTORY OF BRADFORD OOUNTY. 1211 Simeon Becker, of Asylum (they are living with Mrs. Summers on the old homestead), and John H., born August 12, 1840, residing in Monroe ton (he is engaged in the mercantile business in Roanoke, Va.). The Summers family have been identified with the Methodist Church, and in their political views they have been in close sympathy with the Republican party. JOHN H. SUMMERS, merchant, Roanoke, Va., with residence in Monroeton, Bradford Co., Pa., was born in Monroe, this county, August 12, 1840, and is a son of Joab and Sallie Summers. He engaged in the mercantile business at Liberty Corners, in 1867, where he remained until 1873, during Avhich time he was postmaster; in 1874 he removed his business to Monroeton, and in 1891 to his present place of business. Our subject enlisted in Company B, Seventh Pennsyl vania Volunteer Cavalry, and served with such courage and fidelity that he was brevetted captain at the close of the war. Mr. Summers Avas married, July 1, 1871, to Miss Amelia M., daughter of Edwin and Abagal (Sickler) Benjamin, natives and early settlers of Bradford county. They have three children, viz.: Carl G., born December 14, 1872 (is engaged with his father); Genevieve, born February 12, 1877, and Moss Egie, born April 23, 1881. Mr. and Mrs. Summers are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church ; he is a member of the G. A. R., I. O. O. F., F. & A. M., K. of IL, and is a Republican. GEORGE SUMNER, retired, P. 0. Spring Hill, Tuscarora town ship, was born in Susquehanna county, Pa., September 1, 1811; was reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools. He is a son of Jabus and Lucy (Thurston) Sumner, the former a native of Massa chusetts, the latter of New York, both of New England parentage. Mr. Sumner began life for himself at the age of nineteen ; when twenty- two he began farming near Tunkhannock, Pa., remaining there about a year, and then went to Wyalusing, where he followed the same occupation, and in 1867 he removed to his present place in Tuscarora township, where he has since resided. He Avas married, March 2, 1835, to Miss Lydia, daughter of John and Mary (Place) Bunnell, of Tunk hannock, and the following named children are the fruits of this happy union : Archibald B., John B. (born March 25, 1838, now presiding elder of the Honesdale District, married Alma L., daughterof William Gardner, of Abington Pa.), Benjamin E. (born February 2, 1840; was a member of Company A, One Hundred and Forty-first Regiment P. V. I., and was killed at the battle of Chancellorsville), Savana A. (born August 31, 1842, now Mrs. Harrison Lyon, of Spring Hill), Corington A. (born December 8, 1843, died October 10, 1844), Corington James (born March 19, 1845, a merchant in New Albany), Mary Lucy (born December 25, 1849, now Mrs. Daniel W. Camp, of Lewisville, Pa.), Martha Amanda (deceased ; born February 22, 1850, married H. B. Gaylord, a merchant of Wyalusing, Pa.), Elnora I. (born December 29, 1851), Maria Ann (deceased ; born November 7, 1853), Armina Irene (born March 3, 1855, married to William Shumway), Ida Sarah (born February 26, 1857, and died May 10, 1862) and George Gilbert (born September 6, 1860, a farmer, of Tuscarora township). The 1212 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. family are all members of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Spring Hill ; in politics Mr. Sumner is a Republican. HON. A. B. SUMNER, farmer, Tuscarora toAvnship, is the eldest in the family of eight children of George and Lydia (Bunnell) Sum ner, the former a native of Pennsylvania, of New England origin, and the latter of German lineage. Our subject Avas educated in the com mon schools and the Wyoming Seminary, and began life for himself at the age of twenty-five, farming; also taught school in Wyoming, Luzerne and Bradford counties; he removed to Tuscarora, and pur chased his present home, in 1861, Avhere he has since been engaged chiefly in farming. He has been secretary of the Tuscarora Farmers' Mutual Insurance Company since its organization, in 1874, during which time the company has issued over tAventy-five hundred policies; in 1890, he Avas elected a member of the House of Representatives, at Harrisburg, which office he still holds. Mr. Sumner was married, July 3, 1862, to Miss Martha, daughter of John and Martha (Arnot) Irvine, of Asylum, and they have two children, viz.: Gertrude, born June 6, 1863 (now Mrs. Manville Shumway, of Tuscarora), and Florence, born August 24, 1878. Hon. A. B. Sumner has held the office of justice of the peace, and various other offices ; is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, at Spring Hill, and is an Independent Republican in politics. JESSE SUMNER, farmer, P. O. East Smithfield, was born Octo ber 11, 1813, a son of Jesse and Mary (Harkness) Sumner, natives of Halifax, Vt. The father came here in the year 1811, and partly cleared a farm, and returned to his native place for his wife in the spring of 1813, but died before reaching his new home, a few days before his only son, Jesse, was born. The widow soon after married John Bird, and reared a family. Mr. Sumner Avas reared on the farm with his step-father, and has always followed the occupation of a farmer. The first time his father came here from Vermont, he drove tAvo yoke of oxen all the distance before a sled, and experienced many privations. Mr. Sumner married,' November 23, 1841, Louise, daughter of Seba and Eliza (Bird) Gerould, who was born in 1820. Her family trace their ancestry back to the time of. the French Huguenots, at the time of the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. To Mr. and Mrs. Sumner were born three children : Elbertine L., born September 21, 1842, wife of L. A. Bosworth, of LeRaysville ; Orpheus B., born April 8, 1846, mar ried to Helen A. Brigham ; and Betsy G., born September 6, 1848, wife of L. A. Blackman, of LeRaysville. Orpheus lives with his father on the farm, Avhich he manages ; he has three children, as follows : Louise, born August 6, 1878; Jesse, born August 29,1882, and Bert, born July 24, 1886. Mr. Sumner has a fine farm of 137 acres, which is in a good state of cultivation. Politically he is a Republican, and has held several offices of public trust, among others that of school director ; his son, Orpheus, is also a Republican. Mrs. Sumner departed this life April 21, 1881, mourned by her family and a large circle of friends. P. H. SUMNER, physician and surgeon, Camptown, was born in Wyalusing township, this county, December 30, 1855, a son of Charles and Agnes (Blocher) Sumner. His father is a prominent farmer of HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1213 Wyalusing township, and has a family of six children, of Avhom the Doctor is the eldest. P. H. Sumner, the subjeot of this sketch, was born and reared on a farm, educated in the common schools of the township and State Normal School ; in 1878 he began the study of medicine, reading with Dr. M. F. Terry, of Terrytown, this county ; after four years spent in diligent study, he entered, in 1880, the United States Medical College, of New York City, and graduated from there in the spring of 1882. He located at Windham and began the prac tice of his profession ; remaining there two years, he then removed to Bozeman, Mont., remaining two years ; then returned to Camptown, where he has since resided. He has an extensive practice, and, as a successful physician, his reputation is excelled by no one in the county. Dr. Sumner was united in marriage, June 18, 1882, Avith Lottie Jag- ger, daughter of Daniel Jagger, a prominent farmer of Wyalusing township, and to them has been born one child, Daniel J., born July 10, 1883. Dr. Sumner is a prominent member of the I. O. 0. F., Wya lusing Lodge No. 503 ; at present he fills the chair of conductor ; politically he is a Republican, and is an active worker for his party's LUTHER SWARTWOOD, farmer, P. O. Bentley Creek, was born in Monroe county, Pa., December 11, 1850, a son of O. P. and Mary (Bunnell) Swartwood, the former of Avhom was born in Pike county, Pa., the latter in Monroe county, same State ; in 1S60 they removed from Monroe county to Chemung county, N. Y., where they lived twenty-one years; then came to South Creek township, where they noAv reside. O. P. SwartAvood has two sons, Luther and Frank, both of whom are married; they (the sons) purchased the property on which Luther now resides, in South Creek township, knoAvn as the Chamberlain and Spencer farms, the former of which contains fifty- eight acres and the latter 114, and this property they have improved since they bought it. At the age of twenty-six Luther Swartwood married, in Ridgebury, in 1876, Kate, daughter of John Miller, "by Avhich marriage there are three children : Ralph, Jay and Anna. Mr. Swartwood is an enterprising farmer, raises a general crop, but confines himself more especially to butter making, and his stock is of fine grade. He is a member of the Grange. ALDEN SWAYZE, general merchant, Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Wells township, this county, April 3, 1862, and is a son of Alden and Caroline (Gifford) Swayze, the former a native of Sussex county, N. J., born September 23, 1823, a son of Obadiah and Eliza beth (Beamer) Swayze. Alden Swayze, Sr., was reared in New Jersey, and settled in Bradford county in 1840, locating in Wells township, where he Avorked at the cooper's trade until 1874 ; was also engaged in farming there until January 1, 1891, when he removed to Columbia township ; his wife Avas a daughter of Jeremiah and Eliza (King) Gifford, pioneers of Wysox township, this county, and formerly of the State of New York, and by her he had five children : H. Franklin, Schuyler, Elvie E. (Mrs. Frank Knapp), Hettie M. (Mrs. Thomas Taber) and Alden, Jr. Our subject Avas reared in Wells toAvnship, and educated in common schools and Oberlin College, and 1214 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. after attaining his majority engaged in farming until 1888, in Wells township. He then located at Columbia Cross Roads, and embarked in general merchandising, in which he still successfully continues. On October 19, 1887, he married Jessie M., daughter of Richard M. and Jane (Gustin) Howland, of Columbia tovraship, and has two children : Bessie C. and Lillian. Mr. SAvayze is a popular merchant, a member of the Presbyterian Church, of the I. O. O. F., and politically he is a Republican. DALLAS J. SWEET, a leading citizen of Towanda, was born in Monroe township, this county, November 3, 1843, and is a son of Free man and Nancy (RidgeAvay) Sweet. His paternal grandfather was Elezar Sweet, a native of Connecticut, who settled in Albany, this county, in 1812; later removed to Monroe township, where he cleared and improved a farm, on which he resided until his death, which occurred in 1866, when he was aged eighty-eight. His wife Avas Amy Wilcox, by whom he had eight children, as follows : Freeman, Lavina (Mrs. Ezra Kellogg), Jemima (Mrs. Lemuel Streeter), Rosena (Mrs. — Cole), Jane (Mrs. George Irvin), Elizabeth (Mrs. Lyman Hollam), Hiram and Ransom. Of these, Freeman, father of Dallas J., was a farmer and lumberman for many years, and is now living- a retired life in Monroeton. He reared a family of eight children, viz.: Edwin, Charles, Hiram, Dallas J., Ulysses, Emma, J. Theron and Ella. Dallas J. was reared in Monroe township, received a common-school educa tion, and in his nineteenth year entered the Union Army, enlisting August 7, 1862, in Company C, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I. and participated in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna, Cold Har bor, Petersburg, Hatcher's Run, Sailor's Creek, and Avitnessed the surrender of Lee at Appomattox. He was honorably discharged, May 29, 1865. After his return home he engaged in farming for three years, and then embarked in mercantile business at Monroeton, in which he continued alone until January 1, 1885. Mr. B. F. Myer then became associated with him for one year, and in 1886 his brother Theron purchased Mr. Myer's interest, since which time the business has been under the firm name of Sweet & Co. In 1884 Mr. Sweet was elected sheriff of Bradford county, for a term of three years. He has been a resident of Towanda since January 1, 1885, and in '1888 embarked in the lumber business, in Avhich he still engages. He was married, August 18, 1870, to Ella, daughter of Henry and Sarah (Young) Myer, of Monroeton, and has one daughter living, Lucy. Mr. and Mrs. Sweet are members of the Presbyterian Church ; he is a member of the G. A. R., and in politics is a stanch Republican. JAMES THERON SWEET, merchant, Monroeton, was born in Monroe township, this county, May 23, 1854, and is a son of Freeman and Nancy J. (Ridgeway) Sweet, natives of New York and Pennsyl vania, respectively, and of English origin. In his father's family there Avere eight children, of whom our subject is the seventh. He went West and started in life 'for himself at twenty-one years of age, and worked at various occupations five years; then took charge of his father's farm on the South branch for four years, after which he engaged in mer- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1215 cantile business with his brother, D. J., in his present place of busi ness. He handles a general line of goods, and has built np a large and lucrative trade. Mr. Sweet married, May 2, 1SS4, Miss Isadore, daughter of Hiram and Lavina (Manley) Linley, of Canton; he is a member of the P. O. S. of A., and is a Republican; he is serving his second term as burgess; and has also been in the council. FRED TAYLOR, lumberman, P. O. Granville Centre, was born in Granville township, this county, January 13, 1S59. and is a son of Levi and Sarah (Campbell) Taylor. His paternal grandparents were Jere miah and Martha (Bailey) Taylor, natives of Connecticut, who came to Granville township in 1S00, and were the first settlers of same. Levi Taylor, father of subject, was born in Stockbridge, Mass., September 19, 1797, and in 1800 came to Granville with his parents, where he was reared; he cleared several farms and resided in the township until his death, April 27. 1890, at the age of ninety-three. He was three times married : first time, to Louise (daughter of Sterling and Betsey (Stone) Holcomb, of LeRoy township), by whom he had four children : Alvira (Mrs. S. Denton Perry). Betsey (Mrs. Hiram Reynolds), Yolney and Sterling; his second wife was Mary Landon, and his third was Sarah Campbell (daughter of James andKesiah (Patrick) Campbell, of Tioga county, Pa.), by whom he had three cirildren : Milan, Hollis and Fred. The subject of these lines was reared in Granville, educated at Troy High School, and after attaining his majority engaged in farm ing until 1S90, since when he has given his time and attention to lumbering. He married, May 27, 1SS0, Ida, daughter of Hiram and Lucy (Saxton) Kittle, of Granville township, and has three children, viz.: Bayard, Irene and Elise. He is a member of the F. ing in Lester Shire, where he works at 1252 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. his trade; Mr. Varguson is Independent in politics, but takes little interest in such matters. IRA VARNEY, than Avhom there is no more highly respected citizen of Franklin township, is a native of Luzerne township, Warren Co., N. Y., having been born August 13, 1810. He is a son of Joseph and Mary (Hartman) Yarney, and was reared on the farm, Avhere he assisted his father in tilling the soil, also in making rafts and shipping lumber down the Hudson river. His earliest educational advantages Avere very meager, but after attaining his majority he attended a pay school. At the age of twenty-two he married Miss Mercy Barrows, who lived but two months after her wedding, and two years later Mr. Varney was married to Mary Ogden, by whom he had six children — two sons and four daughters — as follows : Mercy (deceased), Ogden, Mary, Susannah, Helen (deceased) and an infant unnamed. The mother of these children died in 1884. Mr. Varney began life a poor boy, and now ranks among the most substantial men in his toAvnship. The story of his Avell-spent and busy life may be summed up in a few words : In 1839 he came to Bradford county as agent for an extensive lumbering firm, and their affairs he successfully managed for a period of seven years. This lumber was rafted down the Towanda creek, and when reaching the river was made up in squares, and floated to the market. Mr. Varney relates with much pleasure, that in all his extensive ship ping not one drop of Avhisky was used, a thing uncommon in those days. He then commenced, for his own account, in the real estate line, making his first purchase of land in the year 1845, 140 acres, the same being his present home in Franklin toAvnship. To this he has added, until he now oAvns in all 452 acres. Mr. Yarney has always voted the Republican ticket, has held all the toAvn offices of West Franklin except justice of the peace, and was treasurer twenty-seven consecutive years. In his religious connections he was reared in the Quaker faith. Mr. Varney has now passed the honored age of four-score years, and both mentally and physically he is Avell preserved. EDWARD W. VAUGHAN, farmer, P. O. Wyalusing, was born in Wyalusing township, this county, on the old homestead, January 21, 1818, a [son of Elias and Sarah (Abbot) Vaughan. His father Avas born in what is now Wyoming county, then Luzerne, June 10, 1785, and died in Wyalusing, November 1, 1865 ; he had thirteen children, (of Avhom six are living), viz.: Elmer, born June 9, 1808; John, born November 9, 1809; Elias, bora January 20, 1812; Harriet, born Feb ruary 22, 1814 ; James, born January 18, 1S16; Edward W., our sub ject; Evander R., born October 24, 1819; Alonzo, born August 15, 1821; George H., born July 2, 1823 ; Rhoda H., born April 9, 1825; Harriet, born January 20, 1827; Mary S., born August 10, 1830, and Aurelia W., born February 28, 1833. Richard Vaughan, grandfather of our subject, was a Revolutionary soldier, and came to this county after the close of the Avar, and was the second person buried in the Wyalusing Cemetery. Edward's father Avas a farmer, and moved to Avhatis knrnvn as Vaughan Hill about 1812, also lived at Rummerfield and Avas postmaster there; took up 100 acres of woodland, about two acres of which were cleared, and had a log cabin on it that had been HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1253 built by Mr. Charlott. He added to his farm until he had 650 acres ; he followed lumbering during the winter, owned a sawmill on Stal ford creek, and during summer would farm and clear land. Before his death he had cleared at least 200 acres; he built a frame house and barn, both of which have been destroyed ; he was an Old-School Bap tist, and at his house religious services Avere held prior to the building of the church. He filled various offices and Avas an important factor in the early settlement ; he also held a captain's commission in the State Militia, was a large land-owner and an industrious and enter prising man, and always endeavored to develop his section of the country. Edward W. Vaughan passed his boyhood in the wilderness, assist ing his father in clearing and farming; attended school at Wyalusing and at the Vaughan school-house, also down at Fairbanks, frequently going three miles to school. He passed his whole life here, clearing and farming, living on and oAvning a portion of his father's estate, and has 145 acres nearly all cleared, with the necessary buildings and improvements, and has his farm under a high state of cultivation. He married, July 12, 1849, Almira, daughter of Samuel Cox, a farmer of Vaughan Hill, and they haATe a family of fiATe children : George H., married to Mary Daley, resides in Fremont, Neb., where he is deputy sheriff; Fremont and Almira (twins, latter deceased); Emma, married to E. L. Condon, foreman in the paint department of a car shop at St. Paul, and William, married to Elizabeth Haney, and living on the old homestead. Mr. Vaughan is a member of White Lilly Lodge, No. 808, I. O. O. F., Wyalusing, and has passed all the chairs; he is a Republican, and has filled nearly all the township offices. JAMES C. VAUGHN, farmer and stock-grower, Wyalusing town ship, P. O. Wyalusing, who is among the pioneers of Wyalusing township, was born on the old Vaughn homestead (now in possession of Lyman ()A*erton), January 18, 1816. His grandfather was born in England, and came to this country when a young man, married, and had the following children : William, Avho \ATas a number of years a naval officer, and resided at Sacket's Harbor, N. Y., participating in the War of 1812, commanding a sloop of Avar ; Robert, settled in Canada; Richard, also of Canada, but removed to Rochester. Avhere he died ; Elias, father of subject ; Justice ; Polly, married to Walter Seaman ; Phebe, married to William Eddy, and located in Canada ; Anna, married to Daniel Coolbaugh, of Wysox township, and Rhoda, married to Daniel Martin, also of Wysox. Elias Vaughn removed from Wyoming to Laceyville, Luzerne county, when sixteen years of age, Avhere his father died ; he and his mother moved to Rummerfield, where he was connected with a corps of men, engaged in constructing a Government road through Allegany county, N. Y., and there met and married Sarah Abbott; he returned to Rummerfield, and was postmaster of the place, making his home there until after the close of the War of 1812 ; he OAvned a farm, Avhich he traded for his property on Vaughn Hill; after the birth of his daughter Eleanor, John and Elias, he removed to Vaughn Hill, Avhere he owned 800 acres of land, built a saw mill and began clearing and lumbering, rafting his lumber down the 74 1254 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Susquehanna. In 1838 he built a large house, which was constructed of three-inch plank, which was a fine substantial farm house ; this house stood in good condition until six years ago, when it was destroyed by fire. James C. Vaughn, the subject of this sketch, who is the eldest sur vivor of the family, passed his boyhood on the old farm, and attended the common school at Wyalusing. He spent his early life assisting his father in clearing the farm and in lumbering, also in rafting the same down the river; he took possession of his first farm, which is the one now owned by William Boyd, in 1841, where he resided seven years; then traded with his father for the farm he now owns, which he has cleared and improved to its present state of excellence; this farm contains 120 acres of beautiful and fertile land. He was united in marriage, in 1843, with Elizabeth Ann, second in the family of seven children of Joseph and Sarah (Spaulding) Gamble. To Mr. and Mrs. Vaughn have been born seven children, viz.: Elwood L., born October 6, 1844, married to Lois L. Fuller, of Camptown, and died May 19, 1872 ; Sarah E., born September 3, 1846, married to Nelson C. Dyer, farmer, of Abilene, Kans.; Joseph G., born August 22, 1848, of Kingston, Pa.; Charlotte A., born June 10, 1851, married to W. R. Safford, of Kingston ; Richard, born June 27, 1853 ; Orrilla W., born April 21,1855, and Ralph B., born May 9, 1859, of Kingston, Pa., mar ried to Rilla Major. Mr. and Mrs. Vaughn are members of the Meth odist Episcopal Church, Wyalusing, of which he is steward; in politics he is a Republican, has filled numerous township offices, and Avhile firm in his political opinion has never been an aggressive politician ; he is one of Bradford's most successful farmers, receiving but little aid out side of his own resources ; he has during his life amassed a fortune ample for his needs. URI N. VERBECK, carpenter, East Troy, was born in Litchfield, this county, July 29, 1836, a son of William and Lucretia (Norton) Verbeck. His paternal grandfather, Henry Verbeck, a native of the Mohawk Valley, N. Y., settled in Windham toAvnship, this county, in 1808, cleared and improved a farm and died there. He married a Miss Dunham, by whom he had nine children: William, Philip, Henry, Sylvanus, Abigail, Lydia, Sarah, Elizabeth and Matilda; of these, William, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a carpenter by trade; he spent most of his life in Bradford county, resided in East Troy forty-one years, and died there in March, 1890, at the age of eighty-nine; his wife was a daughter of Henry Norton, of Sheshequin township, this county, formerly of Connecticut, and a soldier of the revolution; by her he had six children: Almira (Mrs. J. Warren Park), Jonathan D., Margery, Uri N., Arlette (Mrs. Marvin Leonard) and Eli. Uri N. Verbeck was reared in Bradford county, and educated in the public schools of Elmira, N. Y. He learned the carpenter's trade in East Troy, which he folloAved for eighteen years, and has since been working at Avagon-making. He was in the Civil War, enlisting in September, 1861, in Company C, Seventh Pennsylvania Cavalry, Avas wounded at the battle of Gallatin, Tenn., and participated in fifty- three battles and engagements of his regiment, Avas promoted to cor poral in the Avinter of 1862, Avas for a year commissary sergeant, and HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1255 discharged in that capacity in September, 1865. He married in March, 1866, Julia, daughterof John Edsall. of Monroe township, this county, and has tAvo children living : Meena E. and Edsall II. Mr. Verbeck is a member of Hector Lodge, I. O. 0. F., No. 166, of East Troy, and Gustin Post, G. A. R., Troy; he has held various township offices, and in politics is a Republican. GREELEY P. VOORHIS, farmer, of Springfield township, P. O. Big Pond, Avas born July 9, 1856, in Springfield, a son of John and Helena (Hosley) Voorhis, natives of Springfield. His father Avas a farmer, and died, at the age of thirty-five years, June 2, 1863, and the mother died, at the age of thirty -five years, September 15, 1857. Our subject was the only son by his father's first marriage ; he was edu cated in the schools of the township and became a farmer. March 30, 1886, he married Alice, daughter of Theodore and Mary (Brooks) Watson, Avho was born December 17, 1859. Her father was born in Greene, Chenango Co., N. Y., December 26, 1828, and his parents were John H. and Maria (Upham) Watson. Mrsr^ Watson was born at East Hampton, Conn., and came here when fourteen years of age. Mr. Watson is a general merchant at Big Pond ; is a Republican and a member of the I. O. O. F. Mr. Voorhis' grandfather Avas one of the first settlers in the township, and died here, at the age of eighty years, November 19, 1861 ; and his father, John K., died at the age of sixty-eight years, oh November 4, 1872. Mr. Voorhis was an only child, and Avas educated in the schools of the township and at Smithfield graded school, and Avas a teacher from the time she was sixteen years of age until her marriage. They have no children. Mr. Voorhis owns a fine farm of about sixty acres, which he has under a good state of cultivation. He is a Republican in politics, has been a constable and collector in the township; is a member of the I. O. O. F., and is amanmuch respected by his many friends. WILLIAM E. VOORHIS, merchant. East Smithfield, Avas born November 17, 1823, in Springfield, Bradford Co., Pa., a son of James and Charlotte (Wilson) Voorhis, the former of whom was a native of New York, and the latter of Massachusetts. The father, Avho Avas a carpenter and builder, came to Springfield when a young man and took up farming. William E., who is the eldest in a family of seATen children, five of Avhom are living, was reared on his father's farm, remaining there until tAventy-five years ago, when he came to East Smithfield and commenced in the manufacturing and dealing of furniture. He was married, September 10, 1845, to Nancy M., daughter of Asher Hunt ington (she Avas born May 14, 1827, in Vernon, Conn.), and they have had born to them four children, two of whom are living: Clarence, born August 3, 1847, married to Celia Burt; Wilson F., born June 4, 1856, married to Carrie Cowell. The sons are partners in business with their father, and Wilson is the present postmaster. Mr. Voorhis continued in the furniture business ten years, then commenced in his present business, that of a general merchant. He is a member of the Freemasons and of the I. O. O. F., as is also his son Wilson. Both father and sons are Republicans. Mrs. Voorhis is a member of the Universalist Church. 1256 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. FRANK M. VOUGHT, farmer and dairyman, P. O. Towanda, Avas born July 24, 1847, a son of Edward and Lydia (Horton) Vought, natives of this county, and whose grandparents Avere also reared in this State ; the family have always been tillers of the soil. Frank M. Vought is the third in a family of eight children, as follows : Joseph M., Lewis G., Frank M., Hannah M., Edward M., Charlotte M., Charles S. and Emerson W., all of whom grew to maturity, six still h>ing in this county. Mr. Vought was married, November 20, 1872, to Maretta J. Gillett, Avho was born August 22, 1851, daughter of Lewis and Jemima (Shores) Gillett, the former of Avhom Avas a native of Connecticut, and the latter of Pennsylvania. Mr. and Mrs. Vought are the parents of three children, viz.: Ruth, who died at the age of five years; Emerson W., born September 28, 1883 ; and Ethel May, born May 2, 1886. Mr. Yought Avas born and reared in this county, and lived on his father's farm the early part of his life ; then taught school several years. He is now the owner of an excellent farm in Shesquehin toAvnsnip, in a fine state of cultivation. Mr. and Mrs. Vought were visited in their early married life Avith calamity which came nearly destroying the life of the latter : On January 16, 1875, at midnight, they were awakened by the house being on fire, and Mrs. Vought, who was very ill, was carried out on a feather bed, along with little Ruth, avIio Avas but five days old, into the snow, which was two feet deep, Avhereby her health was so impaired that she has never fully recovered. The family are devoted members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, are active in the Sunday-school, and are very genial, agreeable people. Mr. Vought is a Republican, and takes an active interest in public affairs. AMOS P. WALCOTT, farmer, of Litchfield township, P. O. Litch field, was born in that township, May 20, 1826, son of Elijah and Eliza beth Walcott, the former of whom was born at Penn's Valley, Pa , in 1770, and the latter in Luzerne county, Pa., in 1778. Elijah W. settled in this county in 1807; his Avife, Elizabeth, was the daughterof Thomas Park Avho came from Connecticut and settled in the Wyoming Valley. Mr. Park married Mrs. Heady, Avhoresided in the Valley, and was there during the AVyoming massacre; Thomas being absent at the time ser ving his country under Washington. Two years subsequent to this event he purchased 400 acres of land in Litchfield, ivhere with others under Sullivan he drove the Indians WestAvard. Elijah W. was the father of twelve children, all of whom grew to maturity, Amos P. being the tenth in the family; he was reared on the old homestead, and educated at the common school. In September, 1851, he was married to Esther J., daughter of Lemuel and Harriet Munn, of Litchfield. This union was blessed with four children, as follows: Countess D., married to Sylvester K. Walcott; Prentice W., married to Ruth, daughter of John and Phoebe Haddock; Marion L., married to Franklin I. Decker; and Viola O, who married Iram David. In early life Mr. Walcott was exten sively engaged in lumbering; during his lifetime he held many town offices, "such as commissioner, auditor, judge of elections and at one time was a candidate for the Legislature. He is a member of the I. O. O. F , at various times holding the different offices of the Lodge, and in politics HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1257 he is a Democrat, and holds a lieutenant-colonel's commission, appointed by Gov. William Bigler. H. EUGENE WALDO, miller, Wyalusing, was born in Berkshire, Tioga Co., N. Y., August 20, 1839, a son of Orson and Lydia (Waldo) Waldo, who were born in the same house and in the same year (1802) in Berkshire, N. Y. The Waldo family originated in France about the middle of the Twelfth century; they left there on account of the Huguenot persecutions, and settled in the Netherlands about 1569-70. About 1650 Cornelius came to America and settled in Chelmsford, Mass. fie married Hannah Coggswell and had five children, and died June 3, 1701. Of his children, John, the eldest, is the branch through which Eugene Waldo descended. John Avas born in Chelmsford, Mass., about 1653, and married Rebecca Adams, of the same line as John Adams, late ex-President of the United States. He died in 1700, having had seven children, of whom EdAvard, the second son, is the ancestor of our subject. He was born in Chelmsford, Mass., in 1683 and at Windham, Conn., in 17 — , married Thankful Dimmock, of Mansfield, Conn., and had ten children. His ninth son, Zacheus, is in the line of our subject's ancestors, and was born in Windham, Conn., July 19, 1725, married Tabitha Kingsbury, and had eleven children, the second, John, being this branch of the family. He was born in Windham, Conn., April 22, 1750, was a physician and resided at Coventry, Conn., and married Lucy Lyman, August 19, 1773 ; he was a surgeon in Col. Huntington's regiment of State Militia, in 1775, and probably served during the Revolution ; he had six children, from two of whom our subject is descended, viz.: John, Jr., the second child, who was our subject's grandfather, and Lyman, the eldest, who was our subject's mother's father. Orson, our subject's father, was born March 17, L802, and his wife, Lydia, was born May 25, 1802; they had the following children: Lucius Alva, Arthur Tap- pan, Reynold Heber and Herbert Eugene. Orson was a mill-Avright and worked at his trade, and built numerous mills in northwestern New York, and inA'ented various appliances for use in mills, among which was a water wheel patented during Jackson's administration. Our subject was educated in the common schools and at Waverly Academy, and at the age of seventeen began work as a mill-wright Avith his father; he worked with his father and brother until after his mar riage, and then started out for himself. He has built mills in all sections of northwestern New York, and in 1871 took charge of a mill owned by Otis G. Parker, at Moravia, N. Y., and was there three years; then rented the Stone mill at Moravia, where he remained until April 6, 1880, Avhen he came to Wyalusing, and assumed charge of the Welles mills, where he has since remained. He married, June 21, 1865, Lucy Ann, daughter of Joseph A. and Lucy Hendel (Bell) Armstrong. Her parents had a family of seven children: Jasper (deceased), who was for a number of years general superintendent of the water supply for the Atchison, Topeka & Sana Fe Railroad ; Millicent (deceased) ; Ruth J., married to John W. Hollenback, a traveling salesman of Owego, N. Y.; Fendall, resides in the West; Lucy Ann; Addie W., married to C. W. Hemenway, a merchant of Owego, N. Y.; and Charles H., who 1258 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. died in infancy. To Mr. and Mrs. Waldo have been born the following children: Jessie Gertrude, born September 29, 1867, married, May 2, 1886, to Frederick Armstrong, of Athens ; Edward, born November 26, 1868, a clerk, married, June 25, 1891, to Jennie Carpenter, of Wyalu sing; Lucius J., born July 1, 1873, clerk; Earnest E., born November 22, 1877; Nettie A., born March 6, 1881 ; and Raymond W., born Feb ruary 1, 1890. He and his wife are both members of the Presbyterian Church of Wyalusing ; he is a member of the F. & A. M., Sylvan Lodge, No. 41, Moravia, N. Y., politically he is a Republican. JOSEPH G. WALDRON, farmer, Smithfield township, P. O. Hoblet, born August 13, 1845, son of Billings and Jane (Gray) Wal- dron, natives of Bristol, R. I., who came to this county in 1837. Joseph was one of eleven children, five of whom are living ; he was reared on his father's farm. On February 9, 1873, he was married to Ella, daughter of John J. and Mary Jane (Riley) Woodin, early settlers of Burlington (she was born August 27, 1854, and is a member of the Baptist Church). They have had born to them four children, three of whom are now living, as folknvs: Bertha, born August 7, 1874; Grace, born June 17, 1881 ; and Ruth, born September 11, 1888. Mr. Waldron is a member of the F. & A. M., Lodge No. 428, is a Republican and takes an active interest in politics. WILLIAM N. WALDRON, farmer, Smithfield township, P. O. Hoblet, born in Bristol, R. I., May 29, 1835, a son of Billings and Jane (Gray) Waldron, also natives of Bristol, R. I., of English descent. His paternal grandfather was a colonel in the Revolutionary War, as was also his grandfather, Gray. Mr. Waldron's father came to Smithfield township in 1837, and settled near Avhere William now lives. William N. Waldron is the eldest in a family of eleven children, five of whom are still living. He enlisted, at the commencement of the Civil War, in Company F, Sixth Pennsylvania Reserves Volunteers, in which he served until 1862, when he was transferred to Battery B, First Penn sylvania Artillery; he was wounded severely in June, 1862, and the following January was discharged, on account of disability caused by this wound. He was married, April 25, 1863, to Hannah, daughter of James Phillips, who was born in Broome county, N. Y., October 31, 1830 ; they have an adopted daughter, wife of Charles K. Burnside. Mr. Waldron has a fine farm, under a good stateof cultivation, and has been an extensive dealer in stock for the last fifteen years ; he is a member of the G. A. R., and is a Republican in politics; he has held several positions of public trust, and has been school director nine years. The family are members of the Congregational Church of East Smithfield, Bradford county. CHARLES W. WALKER, general merchant, Monroeton, was born Sept. 1, 1842, in Painted Post, N. Y.,a son of Delinius and Cath erine (Keeney) Walker, and is of Scotch descent. He was reared in Tioga county, Pa., Avhere he received a common-school education, and took a commercial course at Elmira, N. Y. He was in the Civil War, enlisting August 26, 1861, in Company F, Eleventh Pennsylvania Vol unteer Cavalry, participating in the battles of the regiment, and between June and August, 1864, Avas in a fight every day — in all twenty-six HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1259 engagements. He was discharged August 26, 1864. Since the War Mr. Walker has been engaged in mercantile business principally. He has spent thirteen years in Monroeton, where he located in 1878. On November 26, 1868, he married Sarah, daughter of Rev. Enoch and Parmelia (Griggs)' Cranmer, of an old family of Monroeton. This union Avas blessed Avith two children ; Fred E. and Maud A. Politi cally our subject is a Republican ; he is a member of the G. A. R. and K. of H., was school director and treasurer of Monroeton several times. EDMUND L. WALKER, farmer and breeder of blooded stock, P. O. Ulster, was born in Ulster township, Bradford Co., Pa., December 16, 1845, and is a son of Daniel and Mary Ann (Lockwood) Walker, of German and English origin, respectively. His grandfather, who was a mill-wright, spelled the name Walger, and from the corruption of that name comes Walker ; he built a mill at Seeling's Grove, at the beginning of the present century, when Indians were more numerous than whites, and when going to mill was equal to a journey across the continent to-day. As soon as the mill was completed he leased it and a large tract of land for one hundred years, and of late years there has been a controversy over this property, in Avhich Mr. Walker is interested, but on account of the changes in the names they have been unable to trace anything definite. The farm Mr. Walker now owns consists of 165 acres, and is a part of the old Lockwood estate. He attended the schools of Ulster, and secured quite a fair education, and taught a short time. In 1872 he went to Michigan and purchased a tract of timber land, and erected mills and opened a lumber camp, but sold it, and after two years' residence there returned and pur chased what is known as the Col. Wells land, cleared 300 acres of stump land, and made a fine farm of it, after which he returned to Ulster and engaged in the breeding of Jersey cattle, and has the finest herd in this section of the State. He also devotes attention to breed ing trotting horses, and owns two Don Cossack stallions, mahogany bays, and Avhich show all the points of speed, pluck and endurance for which the Wilkes strain is famous. He married Delia, daughter of Benjamin and Mary (Shackelton) Park, natives of this county, May 8, 1872. Her grandfather, Daniel Park, was one of the first board of commissioners, and helped frame the first tax list for Bradford county. They have one child, Delia. Mr. Walker is a member of the Order of the Iron Hall, and fills the chair of vice justice ; also of the Equitable Aid Union, and is a member of the finance committee. Politically he is a Republican. His father was the first officer from Ulster township, coroner, and is a member of the board of school directors, which office he has held a number of terms. ZEPHON FLOWER WALKER is the fourth child of the union between George Walker, Jr., and Zulimma W. Walker (nee Flower), and was born at Factory ville (now East Waverly), Tioga Co., N. Y., July 1, 1824. His paternal grandfather, George Walker (in the'vul- gate Walger), was of German nationality. Tradition is that he was one of a colony of Germans that migrated from central New York, near the source of the Susquehanna river, by boats down the same, and settled in central Pennsylvania, now Nescopeck, where he bought 400 1260 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. acres of land, and being a miller by trade constructed a gristmill near the mouth of the Nescopeck creek. Soon after the completion of the mill, the same was destroyed by a flood. Next we find him at Salem, Luzerne county, same State, Avhere he purchased a tract of land of Wm. Gray, of Philadelphia, and here erected anothor mill, which in the course of a feAv years met the same fate as the mill at Nescopeck. During this interval his wife had died and he married again. Becom ing discouraged by constant reverses, he sold out his property here, or, as is averred by his son Henry, also his daughter Mary, he leased the property to Jacob Schaffer for ninety-nine years, on a money consid eration which Avas paid in silver, being counted out into the grand mother's apron on the eve of their departure from this place. But no lease or record of this transaction can be found. In about 1787 or 1788 he moved from Salem up the Susquehanna river by what was then called " Durham Boats " (propelled by men pushing the boats with setting poles), his family and household goods being sent by that con veyance, and his stock by the overland route. He sojourned until he passed the line between the States of Pennsylvania and New York, where he struck camp at a place on the west side of the Susquehanna river, known as the " Isaac Raymond farm " in Ellistown, about two miles east of Waverly, N. Y., and where the Hannas settled. Remain ing here for a short time he purchased, in the township of Nichols, 480 acres of " Patent No. 1," adjoining the State line on the east side of the river, and moved thereon, cleared up the land and carried on the distilling business, becoming successful in all his undertakings. Next he purchased 500 acres on Cayuta creek, known as the " Cantine lot on the Thomas tract," which is adjacent to Waverly corporation and in East Waverly, and constructed another gristmill, which he success fully operated until his death in 1812. His family by his first wife were : Peter (who was drowned in Rocky Riff, Luzerne county, Pa.), Jacob, Daniel, and a daughter who married a Mr. Reap; by his second wife the children were: Betsy, Mary and Henry (born at Salem, Pa.), and Samuel, Elias, George and John (born in Nichols, N. Y.). His son, George, who was the father of subject, was born March 3, 1795, at Nichols, N. Y.,and died February 14, 1837; Avas married November 1, 1817, to Zulimma W. Flower, Avho was born April 6, 1800, and died September 1, 1852. To them were born Glencarn, Leanora Leander, Zephon Flower (the subject of this sketch), Thaddeus S., Helen V., Ma rion B., George C. and Portia Z., all yet living except Glencarn, Leanora, Helen V. and Portia Z. The mother Avas a daughter of Maj. Zephon Flower, a Revolutionary patriot, who was of English nationality, and a descendant of the family Avho gave the first school teacher to Phila delphia under the Colonial government. He was born at Hartford, Conn., November 30, 1765; on March 28, 1785, he was married to Mary Patrick, a lady of Irish nationality, who was born at Valentine, Conn., December 25, 1765, and died at Athens, March 5, 1848. They reared a large family who settled in various localities of the United States, and are now all dead except Ithurael, Avho lives at Oshkosh, Wis., and is now ninety-four years old. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1201 The childhood of the subject of this sketch was passed where he was born until he had reached the age of eight years, Avhen he was adopted into the family of his mother's brother, Nathaniel Flower, where he was schooled in the old Franklin school-house near Athens village, Avhen schools were open, and assisted about the farm when there was no school, until about 1840, when he took an academical course in Athens Academy. At the age of nineteen he commenced land surveying under direction of his grandfather, Maj. Flower, and the first lot surveyed was for Henry Mitten, in the town of Herrick, Pa. This and civil engineering have been his vocation since. He has made more surveys in Bradford, Sullivan, Lycoming ahd Tioga coun ties, Pa., and Tioga county, N. Y., than any other surveyor living at this time ; having the advantage of all the records and maps of Maj. Z. Flower, who preceded him as a surveyor in these counties. His first work as an engineer Avas on assisting in the location of the old North Branch Canal from Athens to State line. He entered the sur vey of the location ,of the, then, Athens & Ithaca Railroad, now the Ithaca Branch of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, being on the same from its inception to its final completion. Soon after this'he laid out and staked the, now, borough of Sayre, besides many other Avorks in the engineering line. He entered the service as engineer and draughts man for the Lehigh Valley Railroad, Northern Division, January 21, 1882, and is in that position now. fie has made many maps of "land surveys as well as of railroads, both right of way and mechanical. In 1850 he made a very elaborate map of the subdivision of the Decatur Lands, situated in Litchfield, Sheshequin, Rome, Windham, Herrick and Pike townships, covering some 14,000 acres cut up in fifty and one- hundred-acre lots, which were sent to Belgium, Europe, for the owner, Mr. Decatur. Duriug this time Mr. Walker carried on his farm on which he lives and was brought up on since his adoption by his uncle, Capt. Flower. His uncle, Capt. Nathaniel FloAver, purchased the homestead part of the late Col. John Franklin farm in the spring of 1834, and at his death, September 8, 1852, he bequeathed the same by Avill to the subject of this sketch. It is on this farm that Col. John Franklin and his Avife, as Avell as Maj. Zephon Flower and his Avife, Capt. Nathaniel Flower and his wife, and Heloisa, daughter of Maj. FloAver, are buried, and neat marble upright flags mark their resting- places ; and the community can esteem the benevolence of Capt. Nathaniel Flower, who (though no way related) paid for, from his own fund, and placed the stones to mark the place of burial of Col. Franklin and wife. Mr. Walker politically was a Whig until the breaking up of the parties, when he identified himself with the Repub licans for two years; but, their views not agreeing with his, he went over to the Democrats and stands firm with them to-day. Posts of honor, politically, he has never sought, although he has served and filled his share of the local offices of the town. Among other distant relatives in New York is Roswell P. Flower, governor-elect of that State. Z. F. Walker was married, August 9, 1854, at Seneca, Mich., to Rebecca M., daughterof Amos and Cynthia Franklin, and great-grand- 1262 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. daughter of Col. John Franklin. Amos Franklin Avas a son of Billa Franklin, whose father was Col. John Franklin. Cynthia Franklin (nee McKinney) was a daughter of Henry and Rebecca McKinney, who had a settlement in Athens as early as 1788. The results of the union of Z. F. and R. M. Walker have been : Frank Z., Nathaniel F., Alfred I., Clara, Ada and Helena, and all are living. GEORGE W. T. WARBURTON, farmer, LeRoy township, P. O. LeRoy, was born in Elkland, Sullivan Co., Pa., November 13, 1849, a son of Jesse and Elizabeth (Brown) Warburton, the former a native of Liverpool, England, and the latter of Wilton, same country. They came to this country in 1816, locating in Sullivan county, but removed to Bradford county in 1853. Mr. Warburton died in 1872, Mrs. War- burton in 1884. Their family consisted of four children — two sons and two daughters — all of Avhom grew to maturity. The subjeot of these lines, Avho is the youngest, was reared and educated in LeRoy. In early life he was engaged in the jeweler's trade almost ten years. On July 19, 1882, he Avas married at Granville to Ettie B., daughter of Philander and Rebecca Foster, and this union has been blessed with one son and one daughter: Arthur T., born December 10, 1883, and Sarah Ann, born June 27, 1887. Mr. Warburton is a farmer of considerable ability, and has always lived on the old homestead of only sixty acres; he has two carp ponds, one of which is stocked ; last year he sold over twenty-six dollars worth of young carp. His farm ing is general, and he raises considerable wool ; he holds the office of Meteorological Observer for the United States. He is a deacon in the Baptist Church; in politics he is a Republican, and is auditor. O. P. WARD, farmer, P. O. Alba, is a native of Canton township, this county, born June 23, 1835, a son of Eliphalet and Polly (Case) Ward, natives of Connecticut and Vermont, respectively. Eliphalet Ward Avas a farmer and an early settler of Canton township. He served in the War of 1812, and died in August, 1865, in his seventy- sixth year. Mrs. Ward died in April, 1876, in her eighty-fourth year. The paternal grandfathers were in the Revolutionary War. The sub ject of this sketch, who is the youngest in order of birth in a family of eleven children, was reared in Canton township, receiving his edu cation in the common schools, and has made farming his occupation. He enlisted, August 24, 1861, for three years in Company F, Eleventh Pennsyhrania CaATalry, under Capt. B. B. Mitchell ; took part in the battles of Petersburg, Wilson's Raid and Deserted House, and was in many skirmishes ; was mustered out at Jones's Neck, Va., August 26, 1864. He was married in Fox, Sullivan Co., Pa., April 1, 1866, to Paulina, daughter of Aaron and Julia (Burdick) Wright, natives of Delaware county, N. Y. Aaron Wright was a farmer, and died in Fox township, Sullivan Co., Pa., in 1879, in his sixty-ninth year; Mrs. Wright still survives him, is in her seventy-ninth year, and resides in Alba. Mrs. Ward's great-grandfather Wright was a soldier in the Revolutionary War ; she is the sixth in order of birth in a family of nine children, and was born in Springfield township, this county, January 25, 1844. To. Mr. and Mrs. Ward were born three children, as follows : Minnie, Avife of Frank Jennings ; Allen T. and Julia. Mr. Ward is a HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1263 member of the G. A. R., Ingham Post, No. 91, and Union Veteran Legion, No. 48 ; also a member of the Keystone Grange. Politically he is a Democrat, and holds the office of road commissioner ; served six years as school director and one term as town clerk. DRAPER N. WARNER, farmer, Tuscarora township, P. O. Spring Hill, was born, June 30, 1860, about two miles from where he now resides, and is a son of Charles and Betsey M. (Black) Warner, the former a native of New York, and the latter of Pennsylvania, both being of New England origin. Mr. Warner has one sister, Jennie, who was married to William Richardson, of Brooklyn, N. Y. The father was a soldier in the Rebellion, being a member of Battery H, One Hundred and Twelfth Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was taken prisoner at Petersburg, and sent to Salisbury Prison, where he died of starvation. Draper N. Warner was educated at the Soldiers' Orphans School, at Harford, Pa., and from the time he left there, which was when he was sixteen, he lived with his stepfather till he was past twenty. At twenty-one he began life for himself, farming on his present place, whicli was left to him by his father. He was married, December 24, 1881, to Miss Sarah L., daughter of William and Mary Jane (Lacey) Peet, of Tuscarora, and they have two children : Charles Wesley, born December 5, 1883, and Eldridge L., born August 19, 1885. In politics Mr. Warner is a pronounced Republican. JOHN M. WARNER, farmer, P. O. Windham, is a native of Albany county, N. Y.. Avhere he was born December 22, 1827, a son of Peter and Amanda (Smith) Warner, also of NeAV York, but remotely of German and English descent, and belonging to the Agricultural class who migrated to Bradford county in 1845, and located in the immediate vicinity of the subject's present residence; the mother died in 1882 at the age of eighty-two years, and the father departed this life at the age of ninety-two. Their family of children Avere five in num ber, John being the third in order of birth. He came with his parents to Bradford countv. and when grown engaged in farming, and now owns fifty-three acres. In October, 1861, he enlisted in the Fifty-seventh Regiment, P. Y. I., Company G, joining the Army of the Potomac, and was at the siege of Yorktown. He was detafled for extra duty on the steamer " Commodore," and was on duty there at the time of the bat tles of Williamsburg and Fair Oaks." He also did arduous duty on the fleet at White House Landing; he was seriously hurt in the hip in getting off a train, and from disability was discharged from the service in December, 1862, having been in the hospital nine months; these injuries are a life affliction. Mr. Warner was married in Litchfield, in 1848, to Phoebe Kuykendall, who was born in 1828, a daughter of John and Betsey (Brack) Kuykendall, of New York, and they have had four children: Harry (deceased); Eugene (deceased); Delphine,' married to Luther Bixby, a farmer, and Betsey Ann (deceased wife of Albert Johnson). Mr." Warner raises improved stock on his farm. Mrs. War ner is a registered physician in Bradford county. M. S. WARNER, a prominent farmer, of Ulster township, P. O. Milan, son of Adnijan and Nancy (Means) Warner, was born in Wysox toAvnship, this county, October 12, 1808. His father was of English 1264 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. descent, and a native of Massachusetts ; his mother was of Northum berland county, Pa.; his grandfather, Adnijah Warner, Avas a resident of Boston at the breaking out of the Revolution, and Avas one of the crowd who organized the noted " Boston tea party." His father migrated to Athens in 1792, it then being a village containing only three or four houses ; he was a young physician, and formed a part nership with Dr. Hopkins in 1797; he removed to Sheshequin, and engaged to teach the common school at that place, with the privilege of visiting his patients when called. He was married, in 1798, to Nancy Means, of ToAvanda, removed to Wysox and continued the prac tice of medicine at that place until 1835, Avhen he retired from active practice; he died in 1846, aged eighty-three years. M. S. Warner, the subject of this sketch, was born on the farm at Wysox, and attended the common schools, Avalking a distance of two miles to reach the school-house. On reaching manhood he farmed until 1844, when he received the appointment of State Aveigh-m aster, and removed to Northumberland ; he remained there until 1848, when he bought the farm he now owns and occupies, which consists of 200 acres of finely improved land ; the improvements have all been made by him ; his business ventures have always been successful, having secured his entire fortune by his own exertions. He Avas married, January 6, 1833. to Harriet, daughter of Ebenezer Smith, and niece of Gen. War ren, the eminent Revolutionary soldier; his family consists* of the folloAving children : Adelaide D., wife of Dr. Addison Sayres, of Har rison county, Texas; Mary Ellen, 'wife of J. P. Drake, of Beech Pond, Wayne Co", Pa.; Frances I., wife of N. W. Price, of Rockford, 111.; Charles B. married to Jane Stiles, died January 16, 1890 ; and Emma St. Leon. Mr. Warner is a member of the Freemasons, Lodge No. 108, ToAvanda, and is a Presbyterian in religious views ; politically he is a Jackson Democrat on the Jefferson model. He has reached a green old age, and still carries on his business with a skill and success that many a younger man might envy, and is surrounded with the comforts of life, which his own exertions have brought him. . CHARLES WARREN, farmer, P. O. Alba, is a native of Sullivan county, Pa., born August 25, 1834, a son of Josiah and Sarah (Glide- Avell) Warren, natives of Sullivan and Northumberland counties, Pa., respectively, the former born in 1808. He is a farmer and resides in Granville township ; Mrs. Sarah Warren died in 1881, in her seventy- first year. The paternal grandfather, John Warren, also a farmer, emigrated from England, and was one of the first settlers in what is now Sullivan county, near what is now Millview ; he died in 1813 ; his Avife was Mary Ward, Avhom he married in England. The subject of these lines, who is the eldest in a family of six living children, was reared in Canton township, from one year of age. He was educated in the common schools and attended the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary two years. He began teaching when eighteen, and taught almost continu ously until 1884. He owns a farm containing 190 acres in a good state of cultivation, and is also engaged in the dairy business. Mr. Warren was married in Alba, in 1861, to Celestia, daughter of William and Laurinda (Lane) Shoemaker, natives of Granville and Burlington town- HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1265 ships, respectively. William Shoemaker is a farmer, and resides in Granville township. Mrs. Warren is the eldest in a family of four children, and Avas born in Granville township, in September, 1842. To Mr. and Mrs. Warren were born eight children, of whom four are living, as follows: G. A., B. J., Errett and Edna. The family are members of the Disciple Church, of which Mr. Warren is an elder, and super intendent of the Sunday-school ; he is a member of the West Granville Grange. Politically he is a Republican, and is serving his fourth term as township auditor. EZEKIEL N. WATERMAN, farmer, and one of the surviving veterans of the Civil War, P. O. Nichols, Tioga Co., N. Y., is a native of Smithboro, Tioga Co., N. Y., born October 9, 1834, a son of James and Lucinda (Smith) Waterman, natives of New York and Pennsylvania, respectively, and of remote English and German descent. James Avas a " village blacksmith," and died in 1859, Avhile his widow survived until 1875. Their family consisted of fourteen children, of whom Ezekiel is the ninth, and grew to his majority in his father's humble home. He came to Bradford county in 1871, and has been a farmer and mill operator in Windham township, and is now retired on his comfortable little home farm. He volunteered in the service in July, 1863, in Company B, One Hundred and Fourth Regiment, N. Y. V. I., and with his command was sent directly to the front, going from Owego to Elmira, then to New York, "then to Rockers Island, then by sea to Norfolk, then to Alexandria, and thence to the Rappahannock river under Gen. Robinson, the Confederates living on one side of the river and the Union forces on the other. They then crossed over to Brundy Station, and thence to the Rapidan, which they reached October 11, where he was stricken with fever, and when the army fell back he was left, and an ambulance took him to Cul- peper, from where he Avas s.ent to Corse Hospital in Washington, Avhere he was in the hospital five Aveeks, then was sent home on fur lough, and Avas ultimately discharged July 29, 1865, and has never recovered fully, but remains disabled and is pensioned. On his return from the army he entered a store and was in partnership three years, when he purchased the little farm he noAv occupies. He married Dell, daughter of Job R. and Parmelia (Osborn) Bixby, the former a native of Bradford county, and the latter of Orange county, N. Y., of Scotch and German origin. Of this marriage are children as follows : George H., Ed J., Frank O., Iva M., Sarah N., Bertha L. and Winifred U. In politics he is a Republican, has been on the school board, and served as president last year and is now secretary. A. WATKINS, farmer and stock-grower, Ulster to wnship,P.O.Ulster, was born the thirty-first day of August, 1840, on the farm Avhich he now occupies. His father, Lorenzo Watkins, was born in South Reading, Windsor Co., Vt., in 1807 ; his mother, Matilda Watkins, Avas born at Athens, this county, in 1815. Lorenzo Watkins migrated to Bradford county, in 1836 ; his family consisted of two children. A. Watkins, the subject of the sketch, was reared on a farm, receiving his education in the country schools, with the exception of four or five terms at Towanda; leav ing school he engaged in farming and has always been successful. 1266 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. December 24, 1862, he was married to Sarah, daughter of S. Clark, of Burlington ; by this marriage were two children: Frank, a physician, of Grey's Harbor, Washington, and Edwin, a teacher. His first wife died in 1870, and September 24, 1872, he was married to Christena Murdoch, daughter of Alexander and Janette Murdoch, natives of Scotland, but residents of Ulster; by this marriage there were three children : Cora, died, January 10,1877; George H. and Leslie Day. In his political views Mr. Watkins is a stanch Republican; in religious views he is independent, not being connected with any church. In his possession is an old parch ment deed, granting lands to Simonds, said lands being his and a part of three other farms. There is on his farm an old burying ground used by the aborigines as a place of interment ; it is located on the river bank and he has ploAved up numerous skeletons, some of them being of very large size; he also made a discovery near the same place, tending to show that the aborigines either used the means of cremation, or else offered human sacrifices at their funerals, probably the latter — of a large flat stone, of a variety and formation unknown in that locality, it Avas sur rounded with smaller stones firmly cemented together so as to form a bowl-shaped cavity ; in the hollow of this structure was found charcoal and the charred remains of human bones. Mr. Watkins now owns 100 acres of finely improved and highly cultivated land, and devotes his attention entirely to farming and sheep raising. MIAL WATKINS, a prominent farmer of Columbia toAvnship, P. O. Austinville, was born in Columbia township, Bradford Co., Pa., February 13, 1819, and is a son of David and Polly (Seeley) Watkins, natives of Connecticut, who Avere of the first settlers in Columbia township. David Watkins was born January 21, 1779. He cleared the farm now owned by our subject and son Burt, and died there; his children were Laura (Mrs. Philip Slade), Avho was the first white child born in Columbia toAvnship; Charry (Mrs. John Wolfe), Seeley, William, Rebecca (Mrs. Isaac Besley), Eliada, Mial, Hannah (Mrs. Isaiah Montanye), Mary (Mrs. John Perry). Mial Watkins was reared in Columbia township, where he has always resided, and is the owner of five farms of which he cleared a large part of the homestead. He Avas twice married : first time to Ophelia, daughter of Alexander Harris, of Rutland, Tioga, Co., Pa., and by her he had three children, as follows : Ida Belle (Mrs. David Deforest), Walter and Burt. His second wife was Mrs. Hester M. (Case) Pennell, of Troy township, by Avhom he has one son named Treat. Mr. Watkins in politics is a Republican. WILLIAM B. WATKINS, farmer of Columbia township, P. O. Altus, Avas born in that township, June 3, 1869, and is a son of Joel and Eliza (Horton) Watkins. His paternal grandparents were William C. and Pamphelia (Furman) Watkins, and his great-grandparents were David and Polly (Seeley) Watkins, one of the five families who first settled in Columbia township. The maternal grandfather of our sub ject was Thomas Horton, a pioneer of Rutland, Tioga Co., Pa., and the father of our subject Avas a native of Columbia township, Avhere he followed the occupation of farming, and is now residing at Austin ville. He reared a family of five children : Flora (Mrs. H. A. Bullock), HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1267 William B., Carrie, Grace and Thaddeus. The children of William C. and his wife Pamphelia (Furman) Watkins Avere Justus, John, Cor delia (Mrs. Charles Strait) and Joel. William B. was reared in his native township, educated in the common schools, and resides on the old homestead of his father and grandfather. He married, March 28, 1888, Lillian, daughter of William W. and Sarah (Ayres) Young, of Columbia township, and has one son, Leslie. Mr. Watkins is one of the prominent young farmers of Columbia toAvnship; in politics he is Republican. ' NELSON S. WATSON, merchant, Springfield township, P. O. Big Pond, Avas born November 14, 1830, in Greene, Chenango Co., N. Y., a son of John K. and Maria (Upham) Watson, natives of that county. John K. Avas a farmer and came to this county in 1838, and looated on a farm at Big Pond, then nearly a dense wilderness; he was a man of influence, and died at the age of sixty-eight years, November 4, 1872, and the mother died March 30, 1875, at the age of sixty-nine years; they were of English extraction. Mr. Watson was the second in a family of seven children — five sons and two daughters; he was reared on the farm and was educated in the schools of the township, and was a lumberman and farmer many years. TAventy-six years ago he com menced in his present business, that of a general merchant, in which he has accumulated a competence. Two of his brothers, Thomas and George, Avere in the Civil War, and George was wounded at the battle of the Wilderness and taken a prisoner to Andersonville, and when nearly starved to death was exchanged, and brought home a complete wreck. August 27, 1855, subject married Hannah, of Springfield, born August 31, 1828, daughter of Luke and Charity Pitts, early settlers in the township. Mr. Pitts built the first gristmill in the township; they are believed to be of the same family as Sir William Pitt. Mr. and Mrs. Watson have had two children: Willie, who died when two and one-half years bf age, and Charles, born November 2, 1857, married Jessie Ham mond, of Ridgebury, and is a newspaper reporter. Mr. Watson is a strong Republican as well as a great temperance man. JOHN MASON WATTLES (deceased, was born in Wysox, this county, February 9, 1816, a son of Arunah and Elizabeth (Allen) Wattles, of Scotch and Irish lineage, respectively. His grandfather, Jesse Allen, who Avas a nephew of Ethan Allen, of Revolutionary fame, was among the first settlers in Wysox, and one of the founders and leaders of the church at that place. As far back as it has been possible to trace the Wattles family is to one John Wattles, who came from Scotland and settled in Connecticut ; he had two sons, John and Dan, both of whom settled in Delaware county, N. Y., Dan after- Avards coming to Bradford county; he married Cynthia Williams, a niece of Roger Williams, the founder of Rhode Island, and had three children, Arunah, Caroline and John. Arunah Wattles was elected a member of the Pennsylvania Legislature in 1848. In his family there were eleven children, of whom John Mason Avas the sec ond. The subject of these lines, when quite a young man, was chosen clerk in the county commissioner's office, at Towanda, Avhere he remained several years; then located on a farm in Wysox, and in 1268 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1872 removed to the present estate, where he died April 11, 1889. He Avas married, August 31, 1843, to Amanda, daughter of Shepard and Sarah (Coolbaugh) Pierce, the former a native of New York and of Irish origin, the latter a native of Pennsylvania and of German origin. They have five children, as folloAvs : Henry Leslie, a conductor on the Northern Pacific Railroad, at Tacoma, Wash.; John P., on a ranch near Denver, Col.; Fred, married to Ellen Moscrip (they have two children, Fred Mason and Helen); Sara Pierce and Ruth, who are liv ing on the old homestead which they now own. Mr. Wattles was, during his life, a strong Democrat and unusually Avell versed in the workings of the Government. A. E. WATTS, farmer and dairyman, P. O. East Canton, was born January 31, 1833, on the farm where he now resides, a son of Squire and Margaret (Gregg) Watts, natives of Towanda and Sheshequin, respectively. Squire Watts was a farmer, born August 5, 1800, and Avas killed Avhile helping to take doAvn a barn in May, 1863. Mrs. Watts died November 1, 1886, in her ninetieth year ; the paternal grandfather, Frank Watts, was a native of Scotland. A. E. Watts is the youngest in a family of six children — four sons and two daughters — of whom five are now living. He Avas reared on the farm, and received his education in the common schools ; was engaged in lumber business several years, but made farming his main occupation, and noAv OAvns a farm containing eighty acres in a good state of cultivation. He Avas married in LeRoy township, in 1866, to Samantha, daughterof Sullivan and Phoebe (Bailey) Morse, natives of LeRoy township and Massa chusetts, respectively. Sullivan Morse is a farmer, and resides in LeRoy township. Mrs. Watts is the sixth in order of birth in a family of seven children, and was born in LeRoy township July 3, 1844. To Mr. and Mrs. Watts were .born two sons : Frank (clerk in the First National Bank of Canton) and Clarence. Mrs. Watts is a' member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Watts is a member of the F. & A. M., Canton Lodge, No. 415, and also of the Keystone Grange. He enlisted, July 25, 1862, in Company C, One Hundred and Thirty- second P. V. L, for nine months; he took part in the battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg, Avhere he was wounded December 13, 1862, and was mustered out at Harrisburg May 24, 1863. Politically he is Independent, and has served one term as school director and one term as collector. THOMAS MURRAY WATTS, farmer, LeRoy township, P. O. East Canton, Avas born at Towanda, January 4, 1825, a son of Squire and Margaret (Gregg) Watts, natives of Towanda and Dauphin county, Pa., respecti\Tely. fie was the son of Francis Watts, of Scotch descent, who came to ToAvanda about 1782 or '83, and built and oper ated a still a number of years; he settled on 200 acres of land, noAv a part of the toAvn of ToAvanda ; he Avas a Revolutionary soldier who fought bravely for his country, for which he was granted a homestead in the Stateof Illinois; was in the Wyoming massacre, Avas captured, but by strategy made his escape. Squire Watts removed to Canton about 1825, and located on a one-hundred-acre lot, where he lived thirty-seven years, and met his death by a timber falling upon him. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1269 His family consisted of four sons and two daughters, all of whom grew to maturity. Our subject, being the eldest of the family, was reared and educated in Canton at the common school; in early life he learned the carpenter's trade, also devoted his attention to lumbering, and is noAv living on partof his old homestead. When forty years of age, March 8, 1865, he married Mary, daughter of Jacob and Polly Beardsley, of Canton. Mr. Jacob Beardsley removed from NeAV York and settled in Beech Flats about 1830; he was the son of Isaac Beardsley, a native of Connecticut and a descendant of Puritan stock. The grandfather of Mrs. Watts on her mother's side, J. B. Farr, was a soldier in the War of 1812. Mr Watts' family consists of one son and four daugh ters, viz.: Mary Louise, Grace Delphine, Margaret Marion, Thomas Murry, Jr., and Helen La Ville. He makes a specialty of lumbering, but works his farm to some extent, is a member of the F. & A. M., is a Granger and politically is a Democrat; has been honored with the office of commissioner nine years, held the same office in Sullivan county three years, was justice of peace at same time, and was school director thirteen years. He is a man of much thought and intelligence. J. N. WEAVER, master mechanic, Lebigh Valley Railroad shops at Sayre, is a native of Northampton county, Pa., and was born July 25, 1844, son of Henry and Marian (Semple) Weaver, the former of whom is a mechanic, a native of the same place, latter being a native of Scotland. J. N. Weaver, who is the fourth in a family of nine children, completed his education in the high school at Easton, Pa., and served an apprenticeship at the machinist's trade in Pbillipsburg. He Avas employed by the L. Y. R. R. as journeyman machinist in South Easton, where he remained until the fall of 1869, when he was transferred to Waverly, N. Y., and placed in charge of the engines and machines of this branch of the Lehigh Vailey Railroad. In 1880 the company moved their shops to Sayre, where he superintended the construction of the shops, and has been in the employ of the company since. Mr. Weaver was married in Waverly, N. Y., in 1872, to Miss Lila, daughter of Zura and Fanny (Lyman) Travis, natives of Sus quehanna county (she was born in Bradford county, Pa., in July, 1847). To Mr. and Mrs. Weaver were born three children, viz.: T. Desmond, Agnes F. and Nellie F. The family are members of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Weaver is a member of the F. & A. M., Union Lodge, No. 108, Towanda; Cayuta Chapter, No. 245, and Northern Com mandery, No. 16; also of the Provident Life and Trust Company. He is a Republican, and served serveral terms as member of the council in Waverly, and two terras as school director in Sayre. HON. JAMES H. WEBB, attorney and counselor at law, ToAvanda, is a native of Tioga (now Chemung) county, N. Y., and was born December 4, 1820. His parents Avere John L. and Annis (Ham mond) Webb, natives of Connecticut, and of English descent, agricul turists, who came to this county in 1823, and iocated in Ridgebury township, west of Athens. lie was a man of strong personality, and impressed upon his boys the lessons of an upright life and a vigorous brain and constitution, and died on his farm, in 1846. He left four sons and one daughter, and a marked incident of these brothers is the 75 1270 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. strong similarity of their political and public lives. These robust farmer boys acquired good educations, and all studied law and engaged Avhile yet young men in the practice, except our subject, who began reading law in 1883, and was licensed to practice in 1885. Scattering, as by instinct, to different county seats, they rose rapidly in their pro fessions; all were active and stanch Republicans, and every one of them was elected time and again to the legislature, and this gentle man was elected Speaker of the House at the beginning of his fifth term, and re-elected in the Senate. This apparently being the first break in the line where all moved abreast, it is reasonable to suppose that if the/e had been four speakers' chairs at the disposal of the body, the boys would have as a matter of course taken seats together ; as there was but one chairman or speaker possible, the other three boys started a new departure, and all three were elected to the Bench. The youngest, Charles M., is now filling his second term as President Judge, in Wisconsin. If there is a family in Bradford county that has turned out more self-made men, Avho, as it were, have gone hand in hand, from the plow handles to eminence and fame, they can not now be readily recalled. James H. Webb was first married to Sally Cham berlin; she died in 1879, and left four children, as folloAvs: George, who is noAv in Government employ, Philadelphia; Charles G., bank cashier, Kansas; Edwin R. and William H. The second marriage was with Mrs. Mary M., Avidow of Jos.eph Munson, of Elmira. In the family of Mr. and Mrs. Webb is an adopted daughter, Margaret. James H. Webb has "served as register and recorder of Bradford county three terms, six terms in the Legislature, and in his public life has been an efficient friend of the county and its interests. His intelligence, probity and suavity have ever called about him since early manhood troops of admirers and sincere friends, and he has never had to swap his old friends for new ones; gentle and charitable, courageous for the right always, yet forgiving toward the faults of others; the living personi fication of what Scotia's bard wrote: "The rank is but the guinea's stamp — A. man's a man for a' that." JOHN J. WEBB, contractor and builder, Towanda, is one of the prominent citizens of his township, and has contributed largely to the improvements of the borough. He was born in Orange county, N. Y., March 27, 1833, and is a son of David and Charity (Patterson) Webb, who were natives of New York, and of Welsh and Dutch descent. respectively, and for generations were tillers of the soil. David Webb, however, was a tailor by trade, and the father of six children ; the grandfather was a soldier of the Revolution. John J. Webb Avas the third in the family of children, and grew to manhood in his father's home. He received the advantages of a fair English educa tion, and learned the carpenter's trade, and in connection with this occupation has carried on a farm Avhich is situated in North ToAvanda township. He came to Bradford county in 1855, and first settled in Sheshequin township. In 1864 he enlisted in the First New York Veteran Cavalry, Company D, and was honorably discharged at the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1271 end of the Avar, June 1, 1865. He married, January 12, 1859, Frances, daughter of Albert and Susan (Bull) Lent, whose mother was a native of New York, and her father of Wysox township, and the latter is now residing on the farm, where he was born in 1808, a representative pioneer of the valley. To this marriage have been born two children : Charity and Susan. Mr. Webb is a member of the G. A. R., Wat kins Post, and a Republican in political affairs. WILLIAM WEIGESTER, of Weigester & Morse, marble and granite works, Troy, Pa., was born in Peterboro, Canada, December 9, 1858, and is a son of Jacob and Elizabeth (Kimble) Weigester, natives of Germany. He was reared in his native town and educated in the common schools. He settled in Troy, Pa., in 1881, served an apprenticeship of three years with his brother, George, at the marble cutter's trade, afterward worked as a journeyman, and, on the death of his brother in 1886, carried on the business for the widow one and one-half years. In 1888 he purchased the business, which he con ducted alone six months, Avhen he formed a partnership with Mr. Frank Morse, and under the firm name of Weigester & Morse have since conducted a successful business. He married, September 8, 1886, Susie J., daughter of Benjamin and. Lorinda (Putnam) Smiley, of East Troy, and has one son, Charles. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and in politics is a Prohibitionist. C. H. WELCH, general foreman, locomotive department, L. V. R. R. machine shops, Sayre, is a native of Philadelphia, and was born May 1, 1855, only child of James and Eliza (Whitehead) Welch, the former a native of Norfolk, Va., and the latter of Philadelphia. The father, who was a rope spinner, died in Philadelphia in 1855 in his thirty- sixth year; the mother now resides in Philadelphia. C. H. Welch was reared in Philadelphia, and received his education in the city schools. When seventeen years of age he went to Renova, and began an appren ticeship at the machinist trade in the Philadelphia & Erie Machine Shops, where he worked until February, 1881, when he came to Sayre and found employment in the L. V. R. R. Machine Shops as journey man until 1887, Avhen he Avasmade foreman ofthe machine department, and in July, 1889, was promoted to his present position. He Avas married in Renova, in 1878, to Miss Jennie, daughter of Rev. McCor- mick and Mary (Bolinger) Graham, natives of Clinton county, Pa. Rev. McCormick Graham is a minister in the Methodist Episcopal Church; his family consisted of seven children, of Avhom Mrs. Welch is the fifth in order of birth, and five are living. Of this marriage there Avere born tAvo children : Claire and Willmina. The family are members of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Welch is a member of the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, also of the Patriotic Sons of America, and in politics he is a Republican. ARTEMUS WELLER, Litchfield township, P. O. Athens, was born in Tioga county, N. Y., February 25, 1840, a son of Frederick Weller, a farmer who spent the greater portion of his life in Athens township; his mother's name Avas Anna Spear; they had fifteen chil dren, six of whom are living: Elizabeth J., married first to Isaac Osborn, and afterward to William Fish ; Erastus, married to Temper- 1272 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. ance Carey, resides in Tioga county, N. Y.; Rachel, married to Je rome White, of Athens; Leartus, married to Amelia Cornaby; Daniel, married to Jane VanGorder, of Athens, and Artemus. Our subject came to Athens Avhen three years old, and lived there continuously until 1878, when he removed to where he noAv resides. He attended school in Athens until about sixteen, and received a good common- school education. He enlisted in the army, October, 1862, in the One Hundred and Seventy-first Regiment, Company C, P. V. I.; he was in the service nine months, Avhen he Avas stricken with paralysis and returned home helpless, and for two years after was unable. to do any business. Recovering somewhat, he engaged in the sawmill business, in Avhich he had worked but a short time when by misfortune he lost the fingers of his right hand, which prevented him from doing anything. He then engaged for a time in peddling, and for a period of three years thereafter he Avas employed at Athens Avith the Union Bridge Works. He came to Litchfield toAvnship and purchased the farm he noAv occupies, containing fifty acres; the handsome residence and sur roundings attest the success which has attended his efforts. He was married, in 1869, to Celicia Fitzgeralds, daughter of Adam and Mahala (Carman) Fitzgeralds. Mr. Weller is a member of Perkins Post, G. A. R., No. 202, Athens. The family are members of the Methodist Epis copal Church, and in politics he is a Republican. NATHAN V. WELLER, dairyman, Athens, a native of Chemung county, N. Y., was born March 18, 1842, and is a son of Jacob A. and Julia (Fitzgerald) Weller, the former a native of Newburg, N. Y., and latter of NeAV Jersey. The father, who was a farmer, died at Greene's Landing, Athens township, this county, May 12, 1887, in his seventy- eighth year. Mrs. Weller died in 1876, in her sixty-eighth year. Nathan V. is the seventh in a family of twelve children, of whom two died in infancy; he came to Athens township with parents, March 4, 1843, was reared on the farm, and received the early part of his education in the public schools; then attended a private school two years. He enlisted in the army July 6, 1862, in Company I,One Hundred and Ninth N. Y. V. I., and some of the engagements that he participated in were the battles of the Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, North Anna and Hatcher's Run; he was wounded at Petersburg and North Anna, and at Spottsyl vania he was taken prisoner, but escaped the night after his capture Avith two others. He was mustered out at Tennallytown, June 16, 1865. After his return from the army he Avorked at the blacksmith trade ten years, and then abandoned it on account of ill health ; after ward he engaged in farming and began the dairying business in 1875; his farm contains 208 acres of Avell-im proved land with good buildings; he also handles agricultural implements. Mr. Weller was married in Athens township, November 8, 1865, to Miss Mary A., daughter of Edward and Agnes (Holmes) MoMorran, natives of Scotland ; they immigrated to this county about the year 1849, and are now residents of Athens. Mrs". Weller, who is the youngest in a family of four chil dren, was born in Scotland, August 21, 1844, and to them Avere born three children : Fred M., Harry E. and Mary A. The family are mem bers of the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Weller is a member of the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1273 F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70, of the Chapter and Com mandery, is also a charter member of the G. A. R., Perkins Post, No. 202, and a member of the Union Veteran Legion, No. 28, and of the Union Veteran Union, of Sayre, also of the Royal Arcanum. Mr. Weller is a Republican, and has held the office of township treasurer, auditor and secretary of the school board. N. A. WELLES, Wyalusing, the son of Matthias H. and Mary (Ackley) Welles, Avas born at Wyalusing, but spent most of his youth in Elmira, N. Y. He was educated in the public schools and Cornell University. After graduating, he came to Wyalusing, where he is connected with the M. H. & G. H. Welles Lumber Company. He is married, and has two children, Sayre and Mary Ackley. The family worship at the Presbyterian Church. He is a Republican, but inde pendent in town and county matters. RAYMOND M. WELLES, a prominent citizen of Towanda, was born in Wyalusing township, this county, in 1825, and is a son of Charles F. and Ellen (Hollenback) Welles. His paternal grandfather was George Welles, a native of Connecticut,- who settled at Tioga Point (now Athens), in this county, about 1800, where he engaged in farm ing and later in merchandising, and resided there until his death ; his wife was Prudence Talcott, of a noted Connecticut family, by whom he had five children, viz.: Susan, Mrs. John Hollenback, of Owego, N. Y.); General Henry (who married Sarah Spalding); Charles F.; James and Mary (Mrs. William Pumpelly). The maternal grandfather was Matthias Hollenback, of German and Welsh descent, a pioneer of the Wyoming Valley, who is said to have been the first trader at what is now Athens and Wysox, in this county, and at Elmira N. Y., and boated merchandise up the Susquehanna river on what Avas called " Durham boats ; " he Avas for many years a resident of Wilkes-Barre, and d ied there. Charles F. Welles, father of our subject, was a native of Connecticut, and was reared in Bradford county from ten years of age. He had but three months of steady schooling in his life; however. he educated himself and studied law in Binghamton, N. Y., but never practiced his profession. Most of his life was spent in farming and in the land agency business. He was the fi^st prothonotary, register and recorder of Bradford county, receiving his appointment to the office by the governor in 1815, and served in that capacity until 1822; he then removed from Towanda to Wyalusing,, where he resided until his death. His children were as follows : Charles F., Jr.; Sarah ; Matthias H., Jane M. (Mrs. George M. Bixby); George H.; Henry H.; Raymond M.; John W. (whose name was changed to John Welles Hollenback by act of Legislature in 1862); William and Edward. Raymond M. Welles was reared in Wyalusing township and educated in the common schools and at Owego and Athens Academies. In 1850 he engaged as a dealer in agricultural machinery and hardware at Athens. In 1856-57 was engaged in the business of manufacturing fanning mills in Athens, and from 1857 to 1860 in the manufacturing of agricultural machinery, and from 1873 to 1876, was interested in agricultural works at Ithaca, N. Y. He has been a resident of Towanda since 1865. In 1850 he was married to Mary J., daughter 1274 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of Thomas and Anne (West) Page, of Athens township, formerly of England, by whom he has five children living, viz.: Charles P., Francis R., Edward M., Emma L. and Arthur T. Mr. Welles is a member of the Baptist Church, and in politics is an Independent. Charles Page Welles, eldest son of the above, was born in Athens, August 31, 1851, and was reared in Athens and Towanda and educated in the common schools and at Susquehanna Collegiate Insti tute. He has been engaged in the crockery and fancy-goods business in Towanda since 1877. He was married, June 2, 1875, to Ellen, daughter of George and Sabra (Shinn) Best, of Quincy, 111., and has five children, as follows : Ellen and Florence (twins), Alice, Amelia and Mary. Mr. Welles is a vestryman of Christ Episcopal Church, Towanda, and is a member of the F. & A. M., K. T. Scottish Rite, and I. O. O. F. and K. of P. He served two terms as auditor of Bradford county ; was elected a member of the borough councils of Towanda 1888. running 108 votes ahead of his ticket, and was elected burgess of Towanda in 1890, and re-elected to council in 1891 by the unanimous vote of the second ward. He is a popular and enterprising citizen, and in politics is a Democrat. CHARLES WELLS, miller, Ulster, is a son of John J. and Harriet (Smith) Wells, both natives of Johnstown, N. Y., and was born in Mont gomery county, N. Y., May 7, 1829. The Wellses are of Welsh, and the Smiths of English, descent ; their parents Avere born in Connecti cut., His maternal ancestors came to this country in the "Mayflower," and landed at Plymouth Rock, in 1620 ; the next year the " Mayflower " bore, on its second trip, among its passengers, the ancestors of his family on his father's side. His father was a farmer and miller. The son attended the common schools of New York until the age of seven teen, and secured a fair education. At the age of eighteen he ran away and shipped as assistant carpenter on the whaling-vessel, " Sophia," of Nantucket, bound to the Pacific, and forty-four long months were passed on the voyage ; finally they reached Australia, and he left the ship, remaining at Sidney about two months ; then secured passage for California, which place he reached in the fall of 1852, three years after the gold discovery; he started for the interior to mine gold immediately on landing, and located in Maraposa county; was at the mines six months, when he started to return home, coming via the Isthmus and by steamer to New York, which he reached in December, 1852. In 1853 he came to Pennsylvania, locating at Mason- town, and engaged in the lumber business until 1861. Was then in the navy as master mate ; served on the United States supply ship, " Sup ply," from which he was transferred to the United States sloop-of- war, " Lackawanna," and joined the West Gulf squadron. In 1864 he was promoted to ensign and transferred to the United States steamer, " Glasgow," serving on board that vessel as executive officer until the close of the Avar. The vessels on which he served were in the block ading fleet on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, and also participated in the capture of Mobile. Mr. Wells served altogether over three years in the navy. In 1865 he came to Towanda, and was appointed super intendent of the mines at Barclay mountain. He built, in 1866, the HISTORY OF BRADFORD OOUNTY. 1275 first steam gristmill that was ever erected in Towanda; in 1868 he sold out and went to Ulster, Avhere he purchased the Holcomb mill, running it until 1872, Avhen he built the Ulster steam gristmill ; in 1878 he added the roller process in this mill, for the manufacture of wheat flour. He has retired from active business. In 1857 Mr. Wells was married to Mary, daughter of G. H. Mason, of Towanda, and by this marriage there Avere three ohildren : Cora and Ida (twins), and Charles A., a printer. Mrs. Wells died in May, 1865, and Mr. Wells after- Avard married Mrs. Amelia (Birdsall) Pavne, by which marriage there are three ohildren : Emma J., Jennie V. and Kate. Mr. Wells is a member of the G. A. R., being one of the charter members of Gilmore Post, No. 227, and senior vice-commander. He has always voted the Republican ticket. When Mr. Wells was enlisted in the service, his name Avas spelled " Welles " on the books and papers, and he has never succeeded in getting it entirely corrected on the records. He draws a pension for injuries received in the service. The maternal grandparents of Mrs. Amelia (Birdsall) Wells were of French origin, and on her father's side they were English, by name Betts, three brothers taking passage on the '• Mayflower," the second tripshemade to this country. Mrs. Wells' first husband, J. Arthur Payne, enlisted in the Union ser vice March 24, 1864, died April 24, 1864, and is buried at Monroeton, this county. J. M. WELLS, farmer, P. O. New Era, was born, June 18, 1843, reared and educated in Terry township, this county, a son of Daniel and Ruey (Strong) Wells, the former of whom was born in Terry June 27, 1820 ; the latter was born in Northumberland, Wyoming Co., Pa., April 14, 1825; they were married February 3, 1841. Daniel Wells is the son of Samuel, who was a native of Rhode Island and a shoe maker by trade, who removed to this county as early as 1778, at that time a young man ; it is said that he owned most of Terrytown, four hundred acres, but by some mismanagement he lost possession of it, and it is noAv owned by the Terrys. Like all early settlers, he did not confine himself to shoemaking, but Avorked at other business. His family consisted of nine children. Daniel was adopted by Maj. John Horton, Avith Avhom he lived until of age, Avhen he married Miss Ruey Strong. To themAvere born thirteen children — six daughters and seven sons — all of whom grew to maturity; his grandchildren number fifty- six. He began with nothing, but by hard work, energy, patience and the co-operation of a devoted Avife, he left behind him a large prop erty, bequeathing to five of his sons a productive farm ; he Avas exten sively engaged in the lumber trade, and during the war took a fair adATantage of the high prices ; he lived in Terry toAvnship his entire life, Avith the exception of five years spent in Columbia county, this State ; he held the office of justice of the peace nine years, showing the confidence and trust reposed in him. The subject of this memoir is the second son, and, like his progenitor, is a successful man of busi ness and a practical farmer. At the age of nineteen (in 1862) with his brother George, whose age Avas tAventy, he entered the army as a member of Company A, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., for the term of three years, or during the war. J. M. Avas honorably 1276 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. discharged, on account of disability, and now enjoys a life pension. On February 22, 1872, when tAventy-eight years of age, he was mar ried, at Wysox, by Rev. David Craft, to Adelia A., daughter of James and Amanda Furman ; by this marriage there was born, January 10, 1873, one son, Herbert. " Mrs. Adelia Wells died January 24, 1874, aged twenty-three years, and for his second wife Mr. Wells married, August 11, 1875, Miss Mary J., daughter of Dr. J. M. and Lydia Furman, a cousin of his first Avife, by which marriage there were born four children, viz.: Anna A., Burtie G., Daniel F. and Jessie M., all of whom are living and unmarried. Mr. Wells, who is an exten sive farmer, owns 225 acres of fertile and productive land, 200 of which are cleared ; his dairy is large, and he makes that branch a specialty, and his stock is of the Jersey breed ; it is said that there is iron ore on his farm ; he is a member of the G. A. R., and a Democrat politically. LEVI WELLS, farmer and dairyman, P. O. Spring Hill, was born October 20, 1832, a son of Chester and Rebecca (Hines) Wells, natives of Bradford county, the father born at Merryall. Chester Wells was a farmer by occupation, and a pioneer of the Spring Hill section of Tuscarora, while that country was so dense a wilderness that he was under the necessity of marking the trees so as to find his Avay back to' Merryall settlement; he located on a farm on Spring Hill, built him self a log cabin and commenced to clear a farm ; die Avas a typical pio neer and made a competency from the farm and timber; he followed lumbering to a considerable extent, assisting in building the old slide down the hill to Ingham's mill, just above Camptown, and would send his logs doAvn this slide, haA'e them saAved at Ingham's mill, and then float the lumber down Wyalusing creek and raft it down the river. At his death he owned about two hundred acres of Avell-improved land. His family consisted of five children, viz.: Clara H., married to John Bradford, merchant (deceased), late of Gold's Ferry, Conn.; W. W., merchant tailor and coal dealer, of Webster City, Iowa ; Eleanor J., married to Hiram Taylor, now residing at Cawker City, Kansas ; E. C, residence, Newark, N. J., and Levi, the subject of this sketch. Levi Wells was born and reared on the farm he now occupies, and Avas educated in the common schools, LeRaysville Academy and Wyo ming Seminary. At the age of seventeen he began teaching, and taught ten years during the winter seasons, devoting his attention to farming and stock-growing during the summers ; he also became a practical surveyor, and has spent considerable time in the practice of that pro fession. He now owns 240 acres of finely improved farm land, 200 acres being the old homestead. He makes a specialty of dairying, having recently completed a commodious stock barn, with a capacity of from fifty to sixty cows, and has it filled with choice Jersey stock. He has been using Jerseys in his dairy since 1871, and is a pioneer of the breeding of that grade of stock in the county ; he ships the cream from his own and several of his neighbors' dairies to New York City and Philadelphia. Mr. Wells was married, January 21, 1861, to Helen S. Jones (deceased September 15, 1887), a daughter of Edward Jones, of Pike township, and this union was blessed with six children : N. J., HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1277 now in the Wyalusing Creamery ; Chester, a cadet at the Naval Mili tary Academy at Annapolis, Md. (he received his appointment to the cadetship in 1887, and will graduate with the class of 1893); Guy and Maud at home; Fanny T. and Harry B. (deceased). In 1861 Mr. Wells became a member of the Twelfth Reserve band, and went to the front ; after about five months' service he was discharged and returned home ; in 1863, he became captain of Company G, Thirty- sixth Regiment Pennsylvania Militia, and served two months; in 1864, he received a commission as captain United States Volunteers, and served on Gen. Duval's staff during Sheridan's campaign in the Shenandoah Valley. In February, 1865, he Avas transferred to the Army of the Potomac, and assigned to duty on the-staff of Gen. Ramsey, commanding the Fourth Brigade, First Division, Second Army Corps, and Avas with him until the surrender of Lee, except when, for a short time, a prisoner of Avar; from that time until his discharge in August, 1865, he was on staff of Gen. Pierce of a provisional corps organized for duty in the South whenever the exigencies of the times might demand their presence; Avas appointed commissary of subsistence with rank of captain, May 18, 1864, and brevetted major, for efficient and meritorious service, August 9, 1865. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and is an A.. Y. M., Franklin Lodge, No. 263, Laceyville; a member of Jackson Post, No. 74, G. A. R, Wyalusing. Politically Mr. Wells is identified with the Republican partv, and has always been a promi nent factor in politics in his section. In the bitter campaign of 1890, he was candidate for sheriff on the straight Republican ticket. MARKLE C. WELLS, music and sewing-machine dealer, Towanda, was born in Jackson township, Tioga Co., Pa., July 30, 1844, and is a son of Benjamin and Eliza (Updyke) Wells, of English and German descent. His paternal grandfather, Norman Wells, Avas a pioneer of Wysox, in this county, where he married Elizabeth Cool baugh. He was many years engaged in lumbering and merchandis ing at Daggett's Mills, Tioga Co., and in later life removed to Jackson toAvnshio, in that county, and died there; he was a prominent politi cian of his day, was a Whig, and a natural orator. The maternal grandfather was Foster Updyke, of Holland-Dutch extraction, and a pioneer of Jackson township, Tioga Co., Pa. The lineage of the Updyke family is traceable back to the Thirteenth century. Benja min Wells, father of our subject, Avas a native of Barrington, Yates Co., N. Y., and for eight years was a captain of a militia company. He was for many years engaged in the lumber business in Tioga county, and died in Jackson township, that county. Markle C. WeTls was reared in Tioga county, and educated in the common schools and what is now the State Normal School, at Mansfield, and began life as a teacher in the common schools, and later, for four years, was em ployed in different capacities in the lumber business. During the late Civil War he Avas a Government sutler two years, and then engaged in the mercantile trade at Lamb's Creek, Tioga Co., and later at Dag gett's mills. For a time he Avas a book-keeper for a business house at Owego, N. Y., and spent one year at Corning, N. Y., as local and traveling agent for the Howe Sewing Machine Co., and in 1873 settled 1278 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. in ToAvanda, Avhere he has since been engaged as a dealer in sewing machines and musical merchandise. He married, October 23, 1872, Mable, daughter of Asher and Betsey (Silvernail) Armstrong, of Owego, N. Y, and had three children, as folloAvs: Nellie, Harry B. and Fred B. Mr. Wells is trustee of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is a member of Owego Lodge, F. & A. M., No. 587, Owego, N. Y. Politically he is Independent. S. M. WELLS, farmer and mechanic, Orwell township, P. O. Herrickville, was born in Orwell, November 11, 1834, and is a son of Henry and Betsie (Baily) Wells, the former of whom was born in this county, Avas a mechanic and a noted singing teacher, having taught many years; he removed to Illinois, where he died in 1850; he had seven children, viz.: Elmira, married to Allen Brown, and died several years ago; Mary C, married to B. F. Walker, and died in 1890; S. M.; Chester, in Dakota ; Charles, deceased ; Henry, in Florida ; Abagail, married to Fred Newcome, of Iowa. S. M. passed his boyhood attending the common schools ; he learned the carpenter's and joiner's trade, which he followed until May 13, 1861, when he enlisted in Com pany F, Fifth Regiment Pennsylvania Reserves, and served until June 11, 1864, Avhen he was discharged. He was in nearly every engagement in which the Army of the Potomac was involved during the time of his service, except the battle of Antietam, being in the hospital at that time, and was in the battle of Dranesville, the Penin sular Campaign, the battles of Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, the Wilderness, and in numerous minor engagements. During the battle of the Wilderness (fifth day) he received a shell wound in the calf of the leg, and at Bethesda Church he received a shell wound in the head, Avhich fractured the skull and which still gives him great trouble. Leaving the army, he resumed his trade until 1882, wdien his health became impaired, and he Avas obliged to retire; he owns a small farm. Mr. Wells has been twice married, the first time to Anna Matilda, daughter of John Murphy, and to them were born the following children : Charles, married to Josephine Warner ; Grove, married to Flora Aliis ; Alonzo, married to Flora Coggswell Burton ; John, and Ora. The mother of these children died August 8, 1889, and July 5, 1890, Mr. Wells married SusannaRoberts, Avidow of Joshua Roberts. Mr. Wells is a member of the Baptist Church, and of the 1. 0. 0. F., Rome Lodge, having passed all the chairs ; he was a charter member of the G. A. R. Post at Herrickville, and is a Republican. Mr. Wells saw as much hard service wThile in the army as almost any one, and returned suffering from the effects of his wounds and exposure. The Government granted him a pension of twelve dollars a month. JOHN S. WESTBROOK, farmer, P. O. Macedonia, was born in Standing Stone, May 10, 1835, and is a son of Isaac and Deborah (Smith) Westbrook, natives of the county, of German ancestry ; he was reared on his father's farm and educated in the schools of his native township, and then taught some time, and Avhen yet a young man commenced contracting on public works, and was about sixteen years engaged in building railroads, and among other jobs was one on the Union Pacific Railroad. August 26, 1866, he married Mary E., daughter HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1279 of Philip and Hannah(Sherry)Henry, natives of this State, and who was born in September, 1845. There haATe been born to them three children, two of whom are living: William H., born August 16, 1871, and Robert A., born October 12, 1878. Mr. Westbrook came to Asylum township, in 1854, commenced farming, and is now the owner of several farms, of a total of 250 acres, and by economy and industry is rated as one of the solid and substantial citizens. He has been a Democrat many years, but is at present Independent, and votes for the best man ; has held positions of public trust, and is now a school director and the town commissioner. O. B. WESTGATE, carriage manufacturer, Canton, is a native of West Burlington township, near the Troy township line, this county, having been born May 4, 1833, a son of Wanton and Betsey (Headley) Westgate, natives of Massachusetts and New Jersey, respectiATely. Wanton Westgate was a blacksmith by trade, and also followedfarming, having settled in West Burlington about the year 1815; Avas born Octo ber 15, 1789, and died in Granville toAvnship, March 17, 1839. Mrs. Westgate, a daughter of James Headley, was born November 21, 18 — , and died May 27, 1873. She was a cousin of J. T. Headley, author of the " History of the Rebellion," and also a cousin of P. C. Headley, an author, both of whom were educated for the ministry. Our subject, who is the younger of two sons (his brother, Avho was the elder, died at the age of fifteen), was reared in West Burlington, attended school three months, but received the principal part of his education from his mother who taught school over fifteen years. He served an appren ticeship at the house painters' trade in Troy, and during the winter taught singing schools through the western part of the county, and also played the clarionet in bands. He removed to Monroeton, and was engaged in the manufacture of wagons five years; thence went to Troy, and was there engaged in the grocery business one year; then moved to Towanda, and worked at carriage painting one year; returning to Monroeton, he worked at house painting one year; then Avas again in Towanda for a short time, and thence returned to West Burlington, where he still owns the old homestead. At the end of two years (in 1870), he removed to Canton and began the manufacture of carriages, which has since been his occupation. In the spring of 1886 he started a harness shop, which he still carries on. Mr. Westgate was married April 26, 1865, to Emma, daughter of Benjamin H. and Lucy (Crippen) Steevens, natives of New York; her father, a farmer by occupation, was born April 20, 1805, settled in Troy township in early life; was married (the second time) in Vermont, in 1842, and died March 22, 1887. Mrs. Steevens was born May 21, 1810. The paternal grand father, Joel Steevens, settled also at Troy in early life, and the mater nal grandfather, Amos Crippen, who was a native of Vermont, and resided in Rutland county until advanced in years, removed to Troy borough, this county, and died in 1864 in his eighty -seventh year. Mrs. Westgate is the third in order of birth in a family of three daughters, and one son, and was born in East Troy, September 29, 1844. To Mr. and Mrs. Westgate were born two children: Benjamin H., married to Ora Andrews, and Lucy Helen. The family are members of the Pres- 1280 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. byterian Church. Mr. Westgate has served as justice of the peace, assessor and school director; is leader of the Canton Cornet Band, and a member of Westgate's Orchestra; is also a member of the I. O. O. F., Canton Lodge, No. 321, and has passed all the chairs ofthe Order; polit ically he is a Republican. G. W. WETHERBEE, blacksmith, Grover, is a native of Tioga county, Pa., and was born August 28, 1838, a son of M. W. and Olive (Houghton) Wetherbee, natives of New Hampshire, former of whom is a farmer and resides in Tioga county, Pa., now in his eightieth year; the latter died in 1888, in her seventy-fourth year. The grand fathers, Edmond Wetherbee and Simeon Houghton, were among the first settlers of Delmar township, Tioga Co., Pa. Our subject, Avho is the second in order of birth in a family of eight sons and one daughter, was reared on his father's farm in Tioga county, and received his education in the common-schools. After he became of age he farmed four years, and then served an apprenticeship at the blacksmith trade, which occupation he has since followed. On July 7, 1865, he removed from Tioga county to Canton, Pa., where he remained four years, then came to Grover, where he has since resided. He purchased the first building lot sold in Grover. He Avas married in Union township, Tioga Co., Pa., December 23, 1858, to Emeline, daughter of Hubbard and Eliza (Kilburn) Spencer, natives of Connecticut. Hubbard Spencer was a farmer, and resided in Tioga county, near Grover, where he died, September 30, 1888, in his seventy-fifth year ; Mrs. Spencer died March 28, 18S4. Mrs. Wetherbee is the eldest in a family of eight children, and was born in Tioga county, May 30, 1839. To Mr. and Mrs. Wetherbee have been born two children : Carrie E. (wife of Frank Fitzwater) and George D., who is a partner with his father. The family are members of the Disciple Church. Politically Mr. Wetherbee is a Republican, and served four years as school director, and three vears as constable. WILLIAM WHEATLEY, farmer, Franklin township, P. O. West Franklin, Avas born in Durham county, England, November 2, 1841, the son of William and Jane (Hall) Wheatley, both of whom are natives of England. His father came to this country in 1845, locat ing in Franklin, on the south side of Towanda creek, near where David Smiley now resides; he died in January, 1876, aged eighty-seven years, his Avife following him September, 1S77, aged sixty -six. Their family consisted of ten children, eight of whom grew to maturity, and are now living; five of them Avere born in England. Our subject is the fourth of the family, and was reared and educated in Franklin, and spent his life at general farming. At the age of twenty-five he married Miss H. Geraldine, daughter of Hiram and Sarah (Allen) Fairchild, of Franklin township. Mr. and Mrs. Fairchild removed to this county from Glens Falls, N. Y., when Hiram was a boy of seven teen. To Mr. and Mrs. Wheatley Avere born children as folio avs: Fred L., Leon F. and William H. Fred has embarked in the mercan tile business, under the firm name of Mason & AVheatley, Avith every indication of success. Mr. Wheatly is a general farmer and a success ful man of business ; his farm consists of seventy-five acres of very HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1281 fertile land along the Towanda creek, twenty acres of which is creek flat, the remainder is upland. He has held the office of township treasurer one term. In 1864 he joined Company B, Tavo Hundred and Seventh Pennsylvania Volunteers, in the Civil War, serving until the close ; he now enjoys a pension, and is a member of the G. A. R. SAMUEL A. WHEATON, farmer and stockman, Warren, Avas born in South Warren, April 30, 1830, and is a son of Samuel and Mary (Abell) Wheaton, nati\Tes of Rhode Island, and of old English stock"; the family were farmers from generation to generation. The family removed to Bradford county about 1820, and settled in the, then,Avild Avilderness of Warren township ; Samuel Wheaton died in 1875, and was followed to the grave by his widow in 1876 ; they reared eight children, of whom Samuel, the subject of this sketch, is the sixth; he spent his childhood and youth on his father's farm, learning to work and giving some little time to the chance of winter schools of the neighborhood of his day and time. He launched himself upon this busy world as a young farmer, with no other fortune than his bare hands and stout heart, and is now the owner of ninety acres all in a fine state of cultivation, and all with suitable and modern buildings. He is one of the leading, prosperous farmers of this part of the county. He was married in LeRaysville, in 1860, to Rachel Willson, daughter of Harry and Lydia (Johnson) Willson, and to them have been born tAvo children, namely: Frank M., a printer, and who is now editor and publisher of the LeRaysville Advertiser, and Fred L., who is a success ful young farmer, and bids fair to soon be among the leaders in the county in that line. Mr. Wheaton is a Republican in politics. FRANK MERTON WHEATON, Pike township, P. 0. LeBays- ville, Avas born on May 29, 1862, in Warren toAvnship, a son of Samuel Abell and Rachel (Wilson) Wheaton, now living in Warren toAvnship. Frank M. spent his early childhood on the farm, and at nineteen began life for himself, teaching the Beecher school in Pike township ; he taught two years and then attended the Mansfield Commercial College, where he was graduated in 1 883, was then engaged with Bosworth & Lyon one year in the mercantile business, and three years with John son & Son in the furniture and undertaking business; afterward pur chasing a -half-interest in the LeRaysville Advertiser, and is now one of its editors. He was married, September 16, 1885, to Beulah Bostwick, a daughter of Willis G. and M^tha (Chaffee) Bostwick ; they have one child, Aruna A., born January 15, 1889. In politics Mr. Wheaton is a Republican. SEYMOUR M. WHEATON (deceased) was a native of Warren township, this county, born March 26, 1852, a son of Frederick and Susan (Humphrey) Wheaton, natives of Pennsylvania and Connecticut, respec tively, and of English descent. Frederick Wheaton was the son of John and Sally (French) Wheaton, natives of Rhode Island, who came to Brad ford county about 1820, and located in Warren township ; they had eight children, of whom Frederick Avas the youngest of the sons, and the seventh child ; he died in 1854 ; his widow survives ; they had but one child, Seymour M., subject of this sketch. Seymour M. Wheaton grew to manhood where he was born, and, like his ancestors, has always 1282 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. carried on farming, except during two years of his life, when he was engaged in a tub factory. He Avas married in 1875 to Augusta Bowen, daughter of William C. and Susan (Tibbetts) Bowen, natives of Rhode Island, who came to this county and township in 1832; they had four children: Mary (Mrs. David Brink), of Orwell; Augusta (Mrs. Seymour M. Wheaton); Wheaton (married to Mary Cordis and residing at Ann Arbor, Mich.); John (married to Adelaide McCrery, and Avho died in 1876). The father, William C. BoAven, died November 12, 1886, and the mother died October 22, 1889. Mr. Seymour M. Wheaton died June 12, 1889, leaving a widow and seven children. The children are as follows : Frederick, born July 23, 1876 ; Rena, born September 28, 1877; Clara, born November 18, 1878; Susan, born July 17, 1880 ; Harry, born September 9, 1882 ; William, born December 26, 1883, and Guy, born May 31, 1887. Mr. Wheaton left his family a fine farm of 110 acres ; he Avas one of the eminently respectable farmers of the county. ENSIGN W. WHEELER, merchant, Luther's Mills, was born at Luther's Mills, Burlington township, Bradford Co., Pa., November 11, 1856, a son of Clark and Susan (Rundell) Wheeler, farmers, of Irish and French origin, respectively, natives of this county. The father is living at the age of sixty-three years. Ensign W., who is the second in a family of four children — three daughters and one son — Avas reared on the farm and educated in the common schools of the township. He followed farming successfully until the spring of 1888, Avhen he embarked in mercantile business at Luther's Mills, where he is doing a large and increasing business, keeping a large and general line of country merchandise. He was married, November 25, 1879, to Hattie Marvin, of Smithfield, Avho was born January 18, 1859, a daughter of Charles and Olive (Walker) Marvin, natives of Tioga county, Pa., now of Smithfield. To Mr. and Mrs. Wheeler hayre been born two children : Charles Clark, born May 8, 1886, and Fayette Ensign, born .May 25, 1889. Mr. Wheeler is a Republican in politics, and has held the offices of collector, assessor, auditor and constable, also several other positions of public trust; he is a Freemason, a member of the I. O. O. F., and one of the growing and substantial men to the toAvn. His father is a pensioner, having been a soldier in the Civil War, when he participated in many hard-fought battles, and Avas present at the surrender of Gen. Lee. HARRISON L. WHITAKER, farmer and stockman, Warren township, P. O. Warren Centre, is a native of Susquehanna countv, Pa., born October 12, 1823, a son of Abraham and Catherine (Sleeper) Whitaker, natives of Vermont, and of English extraction. His father Avas a farmer, who came to this State, in 1811, and settled in Warren township, where he passed the remainder of his days, and died Feb ruary 4, 1869. Harrison L. Whitaker was born and reared where he now resides, a pioneer farmer's boy, and is noAv a leading farmer of the county, owning 112 acres of land, Avith all necessary buildings, which are modern and commodious, the farm being in an excellent state of cultivation. He was married, in Warren township, February 25, 1853, to Hannah A. Chaffee, daughter of William and Martha (BoAven) HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1283 Chaffee, natives of Providence, R. L, who came in the early part of the century to Bradford county, and settled in Warren township ; they had thirteen children, of whom Mrs. Hannah A. Whitaker Avas the sixth, and was reared and educated in Warren toAvnship ; she died February 2, 1889, mourned by her husband and a wide circle of friends. Mr. Whitaker is one of our most prominent citizens, a leading farmer, and a Republican in politics. CHARLES E. WHITE, justice, P. O. North Towanda, was born in Hillsdale, Columbia Co., N. Y., July 26, 1820, and is a son of Peter and Catherine (Sharts) White, natives of Otsego and Columbia county, N. Y., respectively. He was reared in his native county, and educated in the common schools ; in early manhood he removed to DelaAvare county, N. Y., where he engaged in farming five years. In 1846 he settled in Bradford county, cleared a farm of sixty acres in Asylum township, and one of forty acres in Franklin toAvnship. In the spring of 1865 he settled in North Towanda, where he has since resided, and where he was engaged in farming up to 1880. He married, November 24, 1838, Lavina, daughter of Alanson and Lorany (Elliott) David, of Delaware county, N. Y., and by her had ten children, as follows : Ann J. (Mrs. Samuel Schrader, deceased), James, George, Mary (Mrs. Solomon Talada), Elisha, John, Emma (Mrs. John Place), Ida (Mrs. Hiram Granger), Charles and Chester. Mr. White is a prominent and well-known citizen of Bradford county ; he is a member of the I. O. O. F. and Good Templars, and has held many of the local offices in the township in which he has resided, in Bradford county, and is noAv serving his third term as justice of the peace of North Towanda township; politically he is an advocate of Prohibition. ANDREW J. WHITNEY, civil engineer, P.O. Rome, was born in Wysox, this county, January 2, 1830, and is a son of Alvin and Mary (Woodburn) Whitney, the former of whom, a native of Massachusetts, and a farmer, came to the Wyoming Valley in 1811, and to Wysox in 1816; the latter was born in Rhode Island, and was the first school teacher in this section, and Avas conducting the school in a house that Avas destroyed by a tornado. The father had a family of children, as fol lows: John D., died in his third year; AMn, died in infancy; Asa Clark, born 1819, died in 1890; Sarah, died, aged twelve; Ellen; Andrew J.; Mary fi.; Charles; Carrol, married to Maggie Vought, and resides on the old homestead ; Carrie, died in infancy; Allen Dorrance; Emma V., married to Dr. William Rice. The early life of Andrew J. was spent on the old homestead farm in Wysox toAvnship, and he was educated in the district school and the academy at Wysox, then at the academy of Towanda, and at the Harford University, Susquehanna county. He studied civil engineering, and began its practice in 1852, when he was employed on the surveys and construction of the old Junction Canal, from Elmira to the State line, Avhich occupied him until 1854 ; then Avas on the construction of the Barclay Railroad from 1854 to 1856; was mining engineer and superintendent of the coal mines at Peru, Ills., where he sank the first shaft to the loAver seam of coal in that now famous coal field. He was engaged from 1859 to 1880 by the Pennsylvania Canal Company, Avidening and improving 1284 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. the canal ; then Avas for a short time engaged in surveying and building the Louisburg & Tyrone Railroad in 1884; he entered the employ of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company as engineer of special work, which position he has since filled. During his busy and active life he has been engaged in various outside enterprises, among which was the construction of the Stand-pipe system of water-works at Harrisburg, Pa., built in 1874. He was united in marriage, November 10, 1856, at Rockford, 111., to Olive A., daughter of Lemuel S. and Amanda (Cranmer) Maynard, natives of this county, and to this union were born the following children : Williard Prentice, married to Josephine Thomas, a locomotive engineer; Mary Hellena, married to Charles A. Study, a book-keeper ; A. J., Jr., assistant superintendent Pennsylvania Railroad ; Grace Hover, of Tyrone ; Olive A., married to William L. Madill; Thomas and Ruth M. The family are Presbyterians, and in politics Mr. Whitney is a Democrat. He is a member of the Grange. Of his ancestry, two brothers came to the United States in the six teenth century, and settled, one on Long Island, and the other in Massachusetts ; his grandfather, Eli.Whitney, descended from the old Massachusetts branch, Avas a Revolutionary soldier, and closely related to Eli Whitney, the inventor of the cotton gin. Mr. Whitney left Bradford county in 1852, since which time his life has been mostly spent in other sections. He owns his interests in the old homestead farm of Wysox, besides fifty-five acres of finely-situated farm land in Rome township, all Avell improved. GEORGE WICKIZER, farmer, Herrick township, P. O. Herrick, Avas born in Rome township, this county, March 7, 1827. His father, Jacob Wickizer, was born near Wilkes-Barre, Pa., October 18, 1784 ; he was a farmer, purchasing a farm of 150 acres, and died March 5, 1868; his wife was Thankful Green, Avhose parents were natives of this State, and she Avas born in 1790, and died December 28, 1862, leaving thirteen children, viz.: Rosina, wife of H. Russell ; Lucy, Mar garet and Andrew, all three deceased ; Jacob, Catherine, John, Alex ander, Willard, Sarah (wife -of John Horton), George, Marium (deceased) and Andrew. George, the subject of this sketch, attended school in Orwell township until his eighteenth year, and worked on his father's farm until 1848, Avhen he purchased seventy-two acres of his present farm, on Avhich he erected his house in 1856 ; his barn Avas destroyed by fire in 1887, having been struck by lightning, and rebuilt in May, 1889. He is a Republican, and was school director one term. On December 13, 1846, he married Emily Permelia, daughter of John D. Wage, of this county. By this union there is one child, George L., a farmer in Wyalusing township. Mrs. Wickizer died December 22, 1890, in her sixty-fourth year. Mr. and Mrs. Wickizer were members of the Baptist Church. WILLIAM J. WIGSTEIN, farmer in Springfield township, P. O. Big Pond, was bom in County Down, Ireland, January 18, 1836, a son of Matthew and Mary (Johnston) Wigstein, also natiA^es of Ireland, born of Scotch-Irish ancestry. The father, who was a farmer, immigrated to this country in 1850, the voyage occupying eight and one-half weeks, on account of a disaster which befell the ship. He settled on the farm HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1285 where the son now resides, and lived to the age of eighty-five years, the mother living to be seventy-six. The father was a member of the Presbyterian Church, and the mother of the Episcopal, in Ireland. Our subject, Avho is the second in a family of three children, Avas married, March 7, 1867, to Mary McKee, who was born March 18, 1847, daughter of Thomas and Sarah (McCaw) McKee, of Ridgebury, but natives of County Down, Ireland, having come here in early life ; her father was a farmer, and died at the age of seventy -three, and her mother died when aged forty-three years. To Mr. and Mrs. Wigstein have been born six children, as follows : John H., born December 20, 1867; Frank A., born February 17, 1869; William, born August 10, 1872 ; Judd, born December 31, 1873 ; Cora, born December 29, 1878; Jennie, born October 4, 1882. Mr. Wigstein is the OAvner of a farm of 200 acres under a fine state of cultivation, dairying being the principle industry. In politics he is a Republican, has been assessor ten years, and has held other offices of public trust ; is a member of the F. & A. M., Troy Lodge, and is a very genial and pleasant gentleman. GEORGE W. WILCOX, farmer, LeRoy township, P. O. East Canton, was born in LeRoy, this county, August 4, 1834, a son of Hezekiah and Eliza (Moore) Wilcox, the former of Avhom was born in Orange county, N. Y., December 24, 1809, and the latter at the same place March 30, 1806. The subject's father Avas unfortunate in losing one of his limbs when quite a young man, in consequence of which he learned the tailor's trade; he soon turned his attention to farming, which occupation he followed until fifty years of age, Avhen with the aid of his sons he engaged in the lumber business under the firm name of H. Wilcox & Sons, Avhich firm continued until his death, April 22, 1876. His family consisted of six children : Samuel W., born October 30, 1831, and died in infancy; George W.; Mary, born March 23, 1836, married W. P. Tillotson; E. Western, born July 13, 1838; S. A., born October 8, 1841, and R. D., born January 7, 1844. Our subject is the second in the family and was reared and educated in his native town; in early life he taught school in this county several terms. He married, at Canton, November 4, 1857, Joanna Elizabeth, daughter of Augustus and Amy Ellis, of Tompkins county, N. Y. To them were born three sons and three daughters, as follows : Mary O., born March 30. 1860, married to Jonathan Bellows; Amy E., born Decembers, 1861, married to J. T. O'Brien, of Williamsport, Lycoming Co., Pa.; J. D., born April 9, 1863; H. S., born August 31, 1867; Charles E., born May 20, 1869, and Sarah, born March 24, 1872, all of Avhom grew to maturity. Mr. Wilcox devotes his time to farming, but often fills the position of clerk for the merchants of Canton, fie oAvns a farm of 100 acres of fertile land, which is well watered with living springs, and which he has stocked with Jerseys. His principal pursuit is dairying and market gardening. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, also of the Grange, and in politics he is a Prohibitionist. JOHN L. WILCOX, merchant, Bentley Creek, was born June 20, 1863, in Smithfield, this county, a son of Orrin and Esther (Harkness) Wilcox, the former of whom, also born in Smithfield, is a carpenter 128G HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. and farmer ; his father (the grandfather of John L.) was among the pioneers of Ridgebury township and. a veteran of the War of 1812. The mother's grandfather, John Harkness, Avas the first permanent settler in the town of Smithfield, and was a Revolutionary soldier. John L. Wilcox is an only son, and has two sisters. He Avas reared to the carpenter's trade with his father, and graduated at the Mansfield Business College in April, 1885. In August, 1883, he located at Bent ley Creek, and engaged as clerk in the mercantile establishment of Craig & Tuton. On September 14, 1887, he married Ettie B. Raynor, Avho was born in Ridgebury, Pa., July 22, 1862, a daughter of William H. Raynor, a son of Samuel and Charlotte (VanBuskirk) Raynor, who were born in Orange county, N. J., and moved to Wellsburg, N. Y.. many years ago. The grandfather was a veteran of the War of 1812. She was a granddaughter of Elijah and Lucetta Brown. Her father died June 30, 1863, aged thirty-three years, and her mother is now the wife of James Stirton, of Ridgebury. Mr. and Mrs. Wilcox have one son, Earl O., born August 27, 1889. Mr. Wilcox is a Republican in politics, but takes litttle interest in the affairs of the party, rather devoting his attention to business affairs; is also a consistent member of the Disciple Church, of Smithfield. fie has one of the most pleas ant homes in the village, and is one of the growing business men of his community. LUCINDA M. WILCOX, farmer, P. O. East Canton, widow of Samuel W. Wilcox, was born in Brady township, Kalamazoo Co., Mich., February 2, 1837, a daughter of Levi and Philena (Clark) Burton, who removed from Michigan to Tioga county about 1840, .where they engaged in farming. Ln 1854 she came to this county, and made her home Avith William Lewis. On August 5, 1855, at LeRoy, she mar ried Samuel W. Wilcox, a carpenter, who was born in Bradford county, Pa., a son of Isaac Wilcox, one of the pioneers of this county. To this union were born four sons, three of whom grew to maturity : Emery B. and Emerson B. (twins), born April 13, 1856 (Emery B. married, in September, 1881, Rose, daughter of Lewis and Elizabeth Sellard, of Canton ; Emerson B. married, Mav 2, 1877, Hattie R., daughter of Walter and Emily Leavett, of Canton), and George L., born August 22, 1860, married, in December, 1884, to Lettie D., daughter of Orlando and Lucinda Perry. Samuel W. Wilcox (deceased) enlisted in the army in 1862, in Company C, One Hundred and Thirty-second P. V. I., and, for courage and good behavior, he was promoted during the first year to the rank of sergeant ; he was wounded in the first finger of the right hand. After his discharge from the One Hundred and Thirty-second he joined, on September 16, 1864, a regiment of New York Cavalry for the term of three years, of which he served six months. While on a raid near Goldsborough he was shot dead on the field. Mr. Wilcox was a soldier loved and respected by his com rades in arms. His widow, the subject of this sketch, lives on the farm of eighty acres, and on Avhicii are raised stock, grain and butter. Her two eldest sons Avere educated at the Soldiers' Orphans School, Hartford, Avhere they spent six years, Mrs. Wilcox is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1287 S. A. WILCOX, farmer, LeRoy township, P. O. East Canton, was born in LeRoy township, this county, October 8, 1841, a son of Heze kiah and Eliza (Moore) Wilcox, natives of Orange county, N. Y., who removed to and settled in LeRoy about 1830, on a farm of eighty acres, where in addition to farming Mr. Wilcox also gave his attention to the lumber business. At the age of twelve the father lost one of his limbs through sickness, which made it difficult for him to move around in after years ; his family numbered four sons and one daugh ter, all of whom grew to maturity. The subject of these lines, who is the fourth member of the family, was reared and educated in his native toAvn. On June 19, 1863, he married Carrie, daughter of George W. and Hannah (Morse) Porter, of LeRoy, and to them has come one child, Coryell, born May 21, 1866, who married Mary, daughter of Hiram and Lucinda Parkhurst, and is now a prosperous merchant in North Dakota. Mr. Wilcox is engaged in general farm ing on a tract of 117 acres. He served nine months in Company C, One Hundred and Thirty-second P. V- L, was wounded at the battle of Fredericksburg, and now draws a pension of $10 per month. Mr. Wilcox is a member of the I. O. O. F., and of the G. A. R., and is a ¦¦(¦Republican in politics^ "'% FREEMAN N. WILLCOX, farmer, P. O. New Albany, was born on the farm where he now resides, in Albany toAvnship, this county, April 19, 1828, a son of Hiram S. and Maria (Langford) Willcox, farmers, of English origin, former of whom was also born in Albany toAvnship. Grandfather Freeman Willcox, Avho was a pioneer in NeAV ¦ Albany, and one of the first permanent settlers, was a great hunter, and is believed to have killed more deer and panthers than any man in the county; he Avas a soldier in the War of 1812, a man of influence in political matters, one of the founders of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Albany township, and a great Abolitionist. Hiram S. Willcox Avas also an active man in politics, and was a justice of the peace many years. Freeman N. Willcox was reared on the farm and at the age of fifteen years engaged in a general store at Wyalusing as a clerk; was also many years in mercantile business for himself, and has been successful in ail his enterprises. Returning to his farm in 1859, he engaged in farming. In August, 1861, he enlisted in Com pany K, Fiftieth P. V. L, and in April, 1862, he was discharged on account of ill-health, but re-enlisted in March, 1864, in Company G, same regiment; he was wounded through the thigh by a gun-shot at the battle of Spottsylvania, and was eight months in the hospital; then Avas detailed as clerk of bis regiment, which position he held until July, 1865, when he Avas discharged. Mr. Willcox is a Republican in politics, and in 1880 he was elected a justice of the peace, and is now serving his third term. He was married, November 16, 1852, to Celinda A. Lawrence, who Avas born February 24, 1830, and whose maternal grandfather, Ephraim Ladd, was one of the pioneers of the township of Albany. Mr. and Mrs. Willcox have had the following named children: George H., married to Ada L. Jones; Frankie J., Avife of Edward E. Cole; Freeman C, married to Ida Bowman, and Maud E. Mr. Willcox has a fine farm of seventy-five acres, and his 1288 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. grandchildren are of the fifth generation of the name Avho are living on the place. He is much respected by the entire community. G. H. WILLEY, farmer, of Franklin toAvnship, P. O. Franklindale, Avas born in Franklin township, this county, May 26, 1852, a son of Horace S. and Debby Ann (Andrus) Willey, the former born in Dutchess county, N. Y., in 1801, the latter in Schuyler county, N. Y. The father removed to this county in 1830, locating at the mouth of Sugar creek, Avhere he engaged in wool carding and fulling business. After the lapse of a few years he removed to Franklin township, locating on Avhat is now known as the " Willey property," a part of a 400-acre lot which he purchased from the State. His property Avas divided into tAvo parts, one known as the "upper place," and the other as the " lower place," both being situated'on the north side of Towanda creek. He first lived on the upper place a few years, and then moved to the loAver place. He successfully engaged in the manufacture of lumber, chiefly on the upper place, and operated a gristmill on the loAver place, buying an old mill which he so materially improATed and onerated as to make a success of it, and at which he continued until Iiis death, whicli occurred November 29, 1889, at the age of eighty-eight years. He was a self-made man, accumulating all of his property by hard labor, which property is noAv divided among his heirs. At the age of. thirty-five he married Miss Debby Ann, daughter of Cyrus Andrus, by whom he had six children — three sons and three daughters — four of whom grew to maturity, our subject being the sixth in the family. He was reared and educated at Franklindale, spending two terms at the Mansfield State Normal School, and has always folloAved farming. On December 17, 1879, he married, at Monroeton, Marion, daughter of Humphrey and Esther Knickerbocker, former of whom Avas a native of New York, and died in Libby Prison during the Civil War. To this marriage has been born four children : Horace K.. G. H., Jr., Max L. and Mattie L., all unmarried. Mr. Willey folloAvs general farming. His stock is well mixed Avith Jerseys, and he has 100 acres of fertile bottom-land well under cultivation. Ho is a member of the Patrons of Industry, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is a Democrat. A. D. WILLIAMS, of the firm of Burk, Thomas & Co., Canton, Avas born in Troy, May 25, 1840. His parents were Edwin C. and Julia A. (Williams) Williams, natives of Troy township, Avhere the former Avas a mechanic and also followed farming; he died in Troy, in Octo ber, 1875, in his sixty-third year. The mother was the daughter of Ansel Williams, of Troy, and Avas born July 30, 1815, and for forty-five years resided on the spot Avhere she died ; she was a person beloved by all who knew her. " Kind to the poor and unfortunate, her cheery words have lightened the gloom of many hearts and made life seem bright." Her grandfather, David Williams, emigrated from Wales to this country in an early day. Our subject Avas an only child, and Avas reared in Troy, receiving his education in the public schools of Troy, Troy Academy and Dickson Seminary, at Williamsport, Pa. In 1867 he removed to Canton, and formed a partnership with Timothy Burk and E. H. Thomas in the general merchandising business, and it is one of the oldest and most successful business firms in the countv. Tie HIHTOIIY OF BUADI'OItD COUNTY, 1289 Avas united in marriage in Canton, in 1869, with Emma, daughter of Samuel II. and Almira (Manley) Newman, natives of Wyoming county, Pa. Mrs. Williams, who is the second in order of birth" in a family of six children, avus born in Wyoming county, Pa., in 1843. To Mr. and Mrs. Williams was born one daughter, Anna. The family are mem bers of the Presbyterian Church, of which Mr. Williams is an elder, and a teacher of the Sunday-school ; politically he is a Republican. FRANK WILLIAMS, farmer, Pike township, P. O. Neath, was born in Middletown, Susquehanna Co., Pa., July 28, 1864, a son of Samuel F. and Elizabeth (Watkins) Williams, natives of Pennsylvania and of Welch descent. In his father's family there were three children, of whom Frank is the second. Mr. Williams spent his boyhood.on the farm, attended the common school and the LeRaysville Academy ; he purchased his present home of 125 acres, in 1890. On April 16, 1890, he was married to Miss Anna, daughter of James and Mary (Howells) Jones, natives of Wales. Mrs. Williams is a member of the Congrega tional Church at Neath; in politics Mr. Williams is a Republican. II. N. WILLIAMS, of the law firm of Williams, Elsbree & Wil liams, Towanda. This is one of the prominent firms of Bradford county, known all over this section, and commanding a clientage both large kand respectable. Mr. Williams is a son of N. P. and Elizabeth (Miller) ¦Williams, natives of the same place; the father of English descent, ^he mother of Dutch. The family were agriculturists on their farm in Steu ben county,N.Y., where they had located in 1835,and remained until the death of the father in 1884 at the advanced age of eighty-one ; his Avidow survives and is aged eighty-six. They had born to them six chil dren, of whom II. N. is the eldest living of the four sons. He grew to his majority as a farm boy, with the advantagesof superior home influences, and was in attendance at the academy some time. When a well-grown youth he commenced teaching school, and followed this some time both in the country and village schools, and then was engaged as principal of the Wellsborough (Pa.) Academy, during three years. While teaching he occupied his spare hours, and commenced taking a bird's-eye view of the " garnered Avisdom of the ages " of a long time ago, when " the memory of man runneth not to 'the contrary," and in 1859 was licensed to practice law in the toAvn of Wellsborough. Soon thereafter he opened his office at Canton, where he remained in a busy professional life seventeen years. In 1878 he removed to Towanda, and has made this his permanent home and abiding-place. As an adArocate before the courts it can be truthfully said of Mr. Williams that he has, upon appeal to the highest court, succeeded in reserving the decisions from which he has appealed in an average of more cases than perhaps any kwyer in the oounty, having had four cases reversed, and sent back at one term of the Supreme Court. His statement of the case to the high court is always so clear and distinct that it is all the printed argument that he needs to make. While Mr. Williams has eschewed office hold ing, and given himself almost wholly to his profession, yet he is not an unknoAvn quantity in the politics of the day either in the county or State. A Republican, he has wielded a significant influence in the councils of his party, and has carried its banners, to many of its most 1290 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. brilliant victories, and has helped successfully in guiding it between the Scylla and Charybdis that at one time or another will frown upon the progress of every dominant party. In 1858 he was united in mar riage with Miss Lucy A. Austin, Avho died April 1, 1889. They had a family of two children : Charles R. Williams (in the Government employ as postal clerk) and Robert H. Williams, a partner in his father's law office. JOHN WILLIAMS, molder, Sayre, is a native of Bavaria, and Avas born March' 1, 1837, a son of Frank and Magdalena (Achna) Williams, natives of Bavaria, who immigrated to New York City, in 1838. In early life the father was a farmer. John is the eldest in a family of. four sons and daughters; he served an apprenticeship at the molders' trade in NeAV York City, where he remained about twenty- six years, and then worked in Buffalo, Jersey and Mauch Chunk, and remained in the latter place about ten years ; then went to Elkhart, Ind., and from there returned to Mauch Chunk, and remained until March, 1885, when he came to Sayre, and has worked in the L. V. R. R. foundry since. He married, in Mauch Chunk, in 1873, Miss Mary A. Keeler, a native of Lehigh county. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Williams enlisted in the _ "One-hundred-day call," in Company A, Eleventh N. Y. Y. I., and was.j discharged at the expiration of his term; then re-enlisted in the lat^ ter part of 1863, in the North Atlantic Squadron of the United States*' Navy, and was in the engagement at Fort Fisher and other battles along the Cape Fear river. He Avas mustered out after Lee's surren der. Politically, Mr. Williams is a Democrat. B. G. WILMOT, miller, and of the firm of B. G. Wilmot & Son, Rome Planing Mill, Rome, Avas born in Orwell toAvnship, this county, August 10, 1840, and is a son of Henry and Sarah (Crum) Wilmot. His father was twice married and had eleven children, three by his first wife, of whom our subject is the youngest, and the only one living. Of the children by the second marriage, Albert N. resides in Sullivan county, Pa.; Henry B. is in Larrabee City, N. Dak., the oldest engin eer on the Union Pacific Railroad ; Ida married George Fields and resides in Groton, N. Y., and Mary married Alonzo Robinson, of Towanda. Our subject's boyhood, up to his tenth year, was spent on the farm, then he began driving teams, hauling merchandise and prod uce to and from Smithboro, N. Y., Orwell and Rome, and folloAved this six years, and attended district school, receiving quite a good education for that period. He then worked in a gristmill in Allegany county, N. Y., and remained there three years and learned the trade of a miller in a mill now owned by W. H. Sypher, and remained there until August 11, 1861, when he enlisted in the Union Army in Com pany G, Fifth N. Y. V. O, and participated in every battle fought by the Army of the Potomac, as well as many skirmishes; he was cap tured at the battle of Hagerstown, July 6, 1863, and Avas taken to Libby Prison, and then to Belle Isle, where he was paroled October 28, 1863, and sent to Navy Yard Hospital at Annapolis. From there he was sent to Dismount Camp, Geesboro, and Washington, D. O, and there he was prostrated by intermittent fever and erysipelas, and was HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1291 i sent to Dismount Hospital. After his recovery he was appointed Avard master of that hospital, but when fully recovered rejoined his regiment at Fredericksburg. At the battle of Nye River he was recaptured, in company with his captain, May 15, 1864, and experienced all the horrors of all the Southern prison pens, as he was moved from one to another, from Richmond to Charleston, and after nine months of borror was released, January 3, 1865, a mere shadow of his former self, weighing only 112 pounds. He with others had attempted to tunnel out of the prison, with nothing but knives to dig their way, and some who got out, after weeks of such labor, Avere recaptured and returned. When again well, he rejoined his regiment, in May, 1865. He married, April 7, 1863, while at home on a ten-days' furlough, Sophia O, daughterof Damford and Debora (Rockwell) Chaffee. The fruits of this marriage are six children, viz.: Lettie, married to F. E. Boothers; Minnie R.; Charles L., married to Alice J. Johnson (he is associated with his father in the planing mill); Claud B.; Daisie and Susie. After returning from the army our subject learned the trades of wagon making and house carpentering, which he has followed since, and he is also a stair builder of pronounced skill. He and his ^on Charles built the mill they now operate, in 1889 ; the machinery Kisists of two planers and two buzz-saAvs, turning lathe, one jig-saw, one scroll-saw, shingle machine and feed-mill; the mill has not the capacity to fill the orders they have. Mr. Wilmot is a member of Stevens Post, No. 69, G. A. R., is past senior commander, and now holds the office of adjutant; is a member of Roman Lodge, No. 418, F. & A. M.; has taken the degrees, is past master, and now fills the chair of senior deacon. He is a straight Republican, has been elected to nearly all the borough offices, and was constable and tax collector nine years. ERASTUS WILSON, farmer, Terry township, P. O. West Terry, was born in Eaton, Wyoming Co., Pa., September 12, 1837. a son of Andrew and Margaret (Bush) Wilson, the former born in Northamp ton county, the latter in Monroe county, Pa. Andrew was a black smith, and worked at his trade in early life; he came to this county in about 1854, and located in Wyalusing toAvnship, on what is known as "Oak Hill," where he purchased a farm of eighty-two acres, which he improved, and in a short time made a. beautiful farm. At one time before he removed he held the office of constable; he died at the age of seventy-seven in the year 1883. His family numbered thirteen, ten of whom grew to maturity, and six are noAv living. Our subject, who is the sixth in the family, was reared and educated in Wyoming county, and has always confined himself to agricultural pursuits. In 1859 he married, at Wyalusing, Miss Eliza, daughter of John and Catharine Terry, and there were five children born to them, three of whom greAv to maturity : Elma E., married to Lewis Hoff man, by whom she had one son, Erastus, and afterward married Free man N. Phillips ; Mary, married to Delmar Lenox, and George H. Mr. Wilson is a self-made man, having received only $400 from his father's estate ; the rest he has accumulated by economy and perse verance. He is a successful farmer, raising grain and hay chiefly. In 1292 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1889 he erected a beautifully constructed residence ; has lived on his present property tAventy-five years, and has the confidence of his fel low-citizens, Avho have elected him to the office of road commissioner four years. In 1864 he entered the army, and joined Company I, Forty-fifth P. Y. I., and served until the close of the Avar, at which time he was honorably discharged, and now draws a pension. Polit ically he is a Republican. REUBEN WILSON, farmer, Monroe township, P. O. Liberty Corners, Avas born in New York City, April 15, 1832, and is a son of Thomas and Caroline Wilson, natives of Connecticut, and of Scotch origin. In their family were two children, of whom Reuben, the elder of the two, came to Frenchtown in 1856, and three years later moved to Liberty Corners. On August 10, 1861, he enlisted, at Monroe, in Company K, Fiftieth P. V. I., and participated in the following battles : Pocataligo, Coosaw River, Second Bull Run, Poplar Springs, Chantilly, South Mountain, Antietam, Mine Run, Spottsyhrania, Cold Harbor, South Anna, Nye River and Petersburg; was struck several times, and had his whiskers shot off, but was never Avounded. At the expiration of his first term of three' years he re-enlisted, and was dis charged on surgeon's certificate of disability, December 28, 1864; then returned to Liberty Corners, where he has since resided. Wilson was married, March 22, 1865, to Miss Harriet T. Gale, be March 13, 1840, daughter of John and Charlotte (Benjamin) Gale, anc they have one child, Herman A., born January 9, 1866, married, December 30, 1885, to Mary Connmey, by whom he has two children : Nellie May and Ethel. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson are members of the Methodist Episcopal and Baptist Churches, respectively; he is a mem ber of the G. A. R. Post at Towanda, and is a Republican. STEPHEN F. WILSON, farmer, Austinville, was born in Columbia toAvnship, this county, September 25, 1858, a son of James and Mary (Gustin) Wilson. His paternal grandparents, George and Jane (Fowler) Wilson, Avere among the pioneers of Columbia township, settling on the farm now occupied by Orr Wilson, which with the assistance of their sons they cleared and improved, and there they died ; their children are as follows : Letitia (Mrs. Hosea Kennedy), Nancy (Mrs. Labon Rockwell), John, James, William, Orr and Stephen. Of these, James was born in Southport, Chemung Co., N. Y., in 1815, Avas reared in Columbia township, and cleared and improved the farm now occu pied by our subject, and died there ; his wife was a daughter of Thomas and Nancy (Kilgore) Gustin, by whom he had six children : Judd, Eva (Mrs. Stephen Kenyon), Stephen F., Hattie (Mrs. John Wolfe), Jessie (Mrs. Fred Watkins) and Frank (Mrs. Dr. G. M. Case). The subject of this sketch Avas reared on the old homestead which he now owns and occupies, and married Miss Flora Dewey, of Austinville. He is one of the enterprising young farmers of Columbia, and in politics is a Democrat. MORGAN L. WINSTON, buyer of hides, leather and wool, Troy, Avas born in Stephentown, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., July 31, 1811, and is a son of Lewis and Lydia (Bennett) Winston, of English descent. He was reared in his native State, educated in the common schoo* HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1293 and began life as a tanner and currier in his father's tannery, in Che nango county, N. Y., which business he followed until thirty years of age ; fbr five years thereafter he was engaged as a boatman on the Erie and Chenango canals, and then for four years Avas manager of a tannery in Greene, Chenango Co., N. Y. About the year 1850 he came to Bradford county, locating in Columbia township, when he engaged in farming two years; then removed to Wells, engaged in farming there two years, and one year as buyer of grain, pro duce and hides, and in 1856 he located in Troy, where he has since resided, engaged as a buyer and seller of hides, leather and wool. He Avas married three times, his first wife being Polly C. Benedict, his second Avife Lucy Keech,and his third Avife Harriet Madge, of Troy, by whom he has three children : Jennie, Nellie and Martie. Mr. Winston is a well-knoAvn and respected citizen of Troy ; is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and politically is a Democrat. LELAND O. WOLCOTT, farmer and stock-grower in Windham township, P. O. Windham, was born in Warren township, this county, January 20, 1861, and is a son of Loren B. and Laura A. Wolcott, also natives of Bradford countv. The maternal grandparents Avere Joseph id Laura Morey, natives of New York, Avho came to Bradford county 11817, and located in Warren township; the paternal grandparents jere Josiah and Lydia (Verbecks) Wolcott, of Connecticut, who came k> Bradford county in 1830, and located in Warren township; on both sides they Avere agriculturists, and had boldly ventured into the almost unbroken wilds. The parents of Leland O. are still living, and have reared five children, of Avhom-he is the eldest. He Avas reared on his father's farm and educated in the public schools of the vicinity. In 1880 he went to Windham toAvnship, Avhere he commenced farming, and now is the possessor of a finely-improved farm of 120 acres. Leland O. Wolcott and Minnie Beckwith, of Orwell, were joined in happy wedlock; she is the daughter of Austin and Julia A. (Russell) Beck with, of Pennsylvania. Of this union there are three children, as fol lows : Irving L., born February 1, 1886, and Florence and Flora (twins), born August 12, 1888. Mr. Wolcott is a Republican, and is noAv serving his fifth term as town clerk. Mrs. Wolcott is an exemplary member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. T. D. WOLCOTT, merchant, Athens, is a natiA'e of Litchfield township, this county, and was born February 11, 1840; his parents Avere Samuel P. and Lydia (Bidlack) Wolcott, natives of this county. Samuel P. Wolcott was a farmer, and Avas born December 27, 1811, and died in January, 1882 ; his maternal great-grandfather, Capt. James Bidlack, lost his life in the Wyoming massacre ; it is a fact in his tory that he was held on a burning brush heap by the Indians with pitchforks, and burned to death. The paternal great-grandfather, Silas Wolcott, was a soldier in the Revolutionary War ; was with Washington through many of the hard campaigns during that strug gle, and acted as one of Washington's body guards, during the memorable winter when the army lay encamped at Yalley Forge. T. D. Wolcott is the third in a family of eight children, six of whom are now living. He received a common-school education, and the early Dhe1 1294 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. part of his life was spent in the lumber business. He Avas foreman for Harris & Saltmons and Hunsicker & Harris, of Athens, Pa., and after ward for Canfield & Cotton, of Williamsport, Pa. He quit the lum ber business in 1872, and in the spring of 1873 engaged in the grocery trade with Mr. Gohl, under the firm name of Wolcott & Gohl, and continued in that business until the fall of 1888, when he sold to his partner. Since then he was engaged in building and improving his property until 1891, Avhen he Avent into his former business again. He was married, in Wellsboro, Pa., January 15, 1872, to Miss EATa, daughter of Edwin and Samantha (Horton) Hastings, the former a nati\Te of Massachusetts, and the latter of NeAv\ork; they have always lived in Tioga county since childhood, and he is one of the oldest merchants in Wellsboro. Mrs. Samantha (Horton) Hastings is a descendant of Barnabas Horton, who came with two of his brothers in the " Mayflower ;" Mrs. Wolcott is the eldest in a family of six chil dren, and was born at Stony Fork, Tioga Co., Pa., July 18, 1852. To Mr. and Mrs. Wolcott were born five children, viz : Harry L., Carrie E., Mark P., and Edwin and Wyland (both deceased). Mrs. Wolcott is a member of the Universalist Church. Mr. Wolcott enlisted in the State Militia during the Civil War, but was out only a short time ; is a member of the G. A. R., Perkins Post, No. 202, also a member' the F. & A. M., Rural Amity Lodge, No. 70; has served one term burgess of Athens borough, and politically he is a Prohibitionist. HORACE L. WOLF, baker, confectioner and proprietor of res taurant, Troy, Avas born in Troy, this county, August 27, 1850, a son of James and Anna (Mink) Wolf, the former a native of Columbia toAvnship, this county, a son of Michael and Betsy (Furman) Wolf. who settled in Columbia toAvnship in 1811; the maternal grandfather, Rev. William Mink, of Rhinebeck, N. Y., was a native of Germany, James Wolf, father of subject, whoAvas a shoemaker by trade, and Avas for many years a resident of Troy, in later life removed to Elmira, N. Y., where he died in August, 1861 ; his children were ten in num ber: William, Martha (Mrs. J. W. fiarding), Charles, John, Kate, Thaddeus, Lottie (Mrs. J. W. Gustin), Horace L., Frank and Howard. The subject of this memoir Avas reared in Troy, and educated in the public schools ; during the Grant campaign in 1868, he lost both arms by the premature discharge of a cannon. In 1887 he embarked in his present business in Troy, in which he has since successfully continued ; he is an enterprising citizen ; in politics he is a Republican. NELSON WOLF, a prominent farmer of Columbia township, was born in Columbia township, this county, August 11, 1815, and is a son of Michael and Elizabeth (Furman) Wolf. He Avas reared in Colum bia township, where he has always resided, and occupies the old home stead of his father, Avhich he partly cleared and improved. He married tAvice : his first wife Avas Cecelia Edwards, of Columbia town ship, by whom he had four children: Sarah J. (Mrs. Bayton Shepard), DeWitt, Mattie (Mrs. Harry Chase) and Miranda ; his second wife was Phebe Ferguson, also of Columbia township. Mr. Wolf is a member of the Presbyterian Church ; politically he is a Republican. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1295 RENSELEAR WOLF, farmer, of Columbia township, P. O. Vir tus, Avas born in Columbia township, this county, May 7, 1813, and is a son of Michael and Elizabeth (Furman) Wolf. His father was a native of Connecticut, of German parentage, and located in Columbia toAvnship in 1813, and soon after settled" on what is known as the Wolf settlement, and, with the assistance of his sons, cleared and improved the farm now owned and occupied by his son, Nelson, and died there. His wife was a daughter of William and Abigail (Hal- leck) Furman, pioneers of Columbia township, and by her he had eleven children, as follows : Abigail (Mrs. Robert Early), William, George, John, James, Michael, Martha, Renselear, Nelson, Horace and Maria (Mrs. Henry Gifford). Our subject Avas reared in Columbia township, Avhere he has always resided, and cleared and improved the farm of 120 acres he now occupies. He married twice : his first Avife was Emma, daughter of Obediah Brown, of Columbia township, and by her he had one daughter, Alice (Mrs. Abram Joralemon) ; his sec ond wife was Martha, daughter of James Fries, of Columbia town ship, and by her he had two sons : Jacob and James. Mr. Wolf is a leading and well-knoAvn citizen of the township; in'politics he is a ^apublican. ¦KORACE WOLFE, retired farmer of Columbia township, P. O. SiMieker ville, was born in Columbia township, this county, February ¦pj819, and is a son of Michael and Elizabeth (Furman) Wolfe, who Settled in Columbia township in 1813. He was reared in his native town ship where he has always resided, and cleared and improved the farm now occupied by his son-in-law, Lewis Hammond. His wife was Hul dah Haynes, by whom he had three children : George H., Maria (Mrs. Lewis Hammond) and John H; his daughter (Mrs. Hammond) has one daughter, Nora. Mr. Wolfe has been one of the most successful farmers of Columbia toivnship, and is one of its leading and represen tative citizens ; politically he is a Republican. GEORGE H.WOLFE, farmer, P.O. Snedekerville, was born in Co lumbia township, this county, October 11, 1854, and is a son, of Horace and Huldah (Haynes) Wolfe. He was reared in his native township, educated in the common schools, and has always followed farming as an occupation. He lived on the farm where he has resided since 1880. On March 17, 1880, he married Belle, daughter of Ananias and Rachel (Gordon) Knapp, of Wells township, and has two sons, LeRoy H. and Hallock C. Mr. Wolfe is an enterprising and promi nent farmer, and in politics is a Republican. JOHN H. WOLFE, farmer, P. O. Snedekerville, was born in Columbia township, this county, November 8, 1858, a son of Horace and Huldah (Haynes) Wolfe, and a grandson of Michael and Eliza beth (Furman) Wolfe, who settled in Columbia township in 1813. The subject of these lines was reared in his native township, where he has always resided, and has occupied his present farm nine years. In August, 1881, he married Hattie, daughter of James and Mary (Gustin) Wilson, of Columbia township, and thev have three children : FoAvler, Olive and Horace. Mr. Wolfe is one of the leading farmers 1296 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. of Columbia township, and is an energetic and enterprising citizen. Politically he is a Republican. HOSEA C. WOLFE, farmer, P. O. Columbia Cross Roads, was born in Columbia township, this county, October 10, 1832, a son of George and Leefe (Kennedy) Wolfe ; his paternal grandparents, Michael and Elizabeth (Furman) Wolfe, settled in Columbia township, in 1813, and his maternal grandfather, Alexander Kennedy, Avas one of the pioneers of Springfield township. George Wolfe, father of subject, after reaching his majority settled on the farm now occupied by his son, John D. Wolfe, cleared and improved it and died there; his children were six in number, as follows ; Lydia (Mrs. Charles W. Joralemon), Susan (Mrs. Oliver O. Besley), Hosea O, Rhoda (Mrs. Eugene Youmans), John D. and Betsey (Mrs. Jefferson Warner.) Hosea C. Wolfe was reared in Columbia township, where he has always resided, cleared up a good deal of land in the toAvnship, and has occupied his present farm since 1867 ; he is owner of four farms, con taining, respectively, 170 acres, 107 acres, 100 acres, and 235 acres. He married, February 15, 1855, Lucy L., daughter of Levi and Fannie (Luther) Cornell, of Columbia township, and by her he had three children : Clinton A., Ella E. (Mrs. Charles P. Shaw) and Georgj The last named was born October 26, 1865, resides on the home" with his father, and was married, December 7, 1887, to Minn? daughter of Churchill and Ida (Goodrich) Strait, of Columbia tol ship, and they have one daughter, Dora. Mr. Wolfe is one of the moSt prominent and enterprising farmers of Columbia township. In poli tics he is a Republican. PETER WOLFE, farmer, P. O. Sheshequin, is a native of New Baltimore, N. Y., born February 18, 1820, and is a son of John and Esther (Parker) Wolfe, of NeAV York. There were six children in his father's family, and four came to this county: William, Ephraim, Jane and Peter. The family were tillers of the soil, and came to this county about 1842, settling in Ghent. The grandfather, Peter Wolfe, served in the Revolutionary War seven years, was a captain, and Avas a prisoner two years, confined in the hulks. The father was a success ful farmer ; he sold the farm at Ghent, and bought 300 acres in the same township. Peter Avas reared at North River, N. Y., Avhere he Avas educated until he was twelve years of age, when he commenced life for himself. In 1868 he bought the farm he now owns, and which consists of 100 acres of bottom-land, well improved, and has a dairy of eight cows. He married, February 21, 1845, Marshie, daughter of RosAvell and Polly (Webster) Russell, the latter of whom was related by blood to Daniel Webster. To them were born the following chil dren : Adelaide, married to Rufus Mallery; John, married to Ethlen Brown, of Sheshequin ; Roswell, died when aged sixteen ; Ida, died in infancy; Kate, married to Cornelius Alliger; Peter, married to Emma Smith ; Isabelle, married to Ossie Vandozer, and Jessie, married to Loyd Kinner, of Waverly; there are eleven grandchildren. Mr. Wolfe was in the country's service during the Civil War, four months, employed in the Construction Corps, serving in Tennessee ; he is a Democrat in his political preferences. HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1297 BEEBE W. WOOD, farmer and stock-grower, P. O. Laceyville, Avas born in Pike township, this county, December 29, 1827, and is a son of David Wood (born in Dutchess county, N. Y.) and Amy (Wells) Wood, the latter of whom is a native of Bradford county. The father of subject came Avith his parents to Pike toAvnship prior to 1800, where they took up a considerable tract of land. The father passed his life in that township, and had the following children: Polly Ann, Beebe W., William J., Sarah Ann, Abigail, Abner, Harriet and John A., of whom Beebe W. and William J. are the only residents of this county. Beebe W. Wood was reared on a farm and educated in the common schools of his day. At the age of twenty-one he pur chased the farm Avhere he now resides, the only improvements at the time being a small clearing and a small frame dwelling; the first purchase contained seventy acres, which he proceeded to clear and improve; he has added to it until he now owns over 200 acres Avell improved, 175 acres being cleared and under cultiA'ation. He operates a large dairy, and has his farm Avell stocked Avith horses and cattle. Mr. Wood was united in marriage, April 30, 1856, with Susan E. '" |d, daughter of Josiah Wood, of Pike township, and this union dessed with two children : Mary, married to Cornelius Overton, fa farmer of Nebraska, and Ella (deceased). His wife dying in Mr. Wood married, November 4, 1869, Emma E. Wakeley, a daughter of Burton Wakeley, of Tuscarora. The family are members of the Baptist Church, at Laceyville; he is a deacon of the church, and also licensed to preach, but has not made a practice of preaching. He is a charter member of the Tuscarora Insurance Company, and has been its treasurer since its organization; politically, he is a Republican, and has filled various toAvn offices. CHARLES C. WOOD, master painter, Northern Division L. V. R. R. Shops at Sayre, is a native of Binghamton, N. Y., and was born July 10, 1834, a son of Orin and Sallie (Baldwin) Wood, the former a native of Connecticut, who settled in Binghamton, in early life; the latter a natiAre of Montrose, Susquehanna county. The father, Avho was a mechanic and boot and shoe merchant, removed to Niles, Mich., in 1835, Avhere he died in 1840, in his thirtieth year; the mother died in Candor, N. Y., in the spring of 1869, in her sixty-fifth year. Great grandfather Baldwin was a soldier in the Revolutionary War. The family consisted of five children, of whom the last three died in Michi gan ; the surviving brother, Orlando S., is a physician and resides in Omaha, Neb. Charles C. Wood came with his mother from Michigan to Susquehanna county, where he received a common-school education, and learned the baker's trade in Montrose. In 1853 he began an apprenticeship at the painter's trade in Sullivan county, and completed same in Owego, N. Y.. where he remained about four years; then went to Towanda in 1861, and Avorked at house and carriage painting. In October, 1869, he accepted the position of foreman painter on the railroad, Avhich he has held ever since. Mr. Wood was married in Candor, N. Y., December 31, 1854, to Caroline E.. daughter of Elijah and Marion (Boeie) Moody, the former a natiA'e of Massachusetts, the latter of Roylston. N. O; her father, Avho was a merchant and exten sive live-stock dealer, died in Towanda, in 1863 ; her mother died in iford ; was lTPBi 1298 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. same place in 1874. Mrs. Wood Avas the youngest in a family of seven children— five daughters and two sons — of whom three are living; she Avas born in Montrose September 26, 1834, and died in Sayre, Novem ber, 1886, a most estimable wife and a consistent member of the Epis copal Church. To Mr. and Mrs. Wood were born three children, of Avhom tAvo are now living, as follows : Minnie, wife of Edward Black- mure, of New York City, and Charles M. The family are members of and Avorship at the Episcopal Church. Mr. Wood is a member of the Knights of Honor, and is serving his third term as president of the Wilbur Hook and Ladder Company, No. 1.; is also president of the Democratic club of Sayre. C. M. WOOD, stone-cutter, Tuscarora township, P. O. Siivara, was born in Tuscarora township, this county, January 11, 1867, and is a son of W. J. and Elizabeth (OAven) Wood. His mother died, and his father married, for his second wife, Mary Finch. By the first mar riage he had the following children : Milly, married to B. E. Wood, a lumberman, of Sullivan county, Pa.; Louie, married to James Harvey, a farmer, of Susquehanna county, Pa.; George, a farmer, of Bradford : Hattie, married to Horace Bristor, a farmer, of Pike township ; G.f Carrie, married to George Share, a miller, of Pike township, and Ge residing with her grandparents on Spring Hill. Our subject pa his boyhood in Siivara, and at the age of fourteen began life for self; he folloAved farming a few years, and then for five years Avas the lumber business, and since then has been following the trade of a stone cutter. He began his occupation in the Bennett quarry, and for the past several months has been in the quarry of Fish & Houdly; he is a Republican in politics, and takes an active interest in the political affairs of his neighborhood. FRANCIS WOOD, farmer, P. O. East Smithfield, Avas born June 16, 1845, on the farm Avhere he now resides, a son of Merit and Abi gail (Kingsley) Wood, natives of this county. The Woods trace their genealogy back to the year 1582, and one of the family came to this country from Derbyshire, England, settling at Concord, Mass., in 1638 ; the great-grandfather of our subject Avas Samuel Wood, born at Westminster, Mass., in January, 1761 ; when sixteen he enlisted in the service of his country, and served through the Revolutionary War; in 1780 he was in the Department of West Point, and Avas one of the participants in the taking of Maj. Andre into camp after his capture by the three "coav boys." He settled in East Smithfield township, this county, in 1809, with his family. Francis Wood, Avho is the second in a family of fiATe children, Avas educated in the common schools of the township and at Mansfield Normal School. He was married, December 28, 1869, to Louise D. Campbell, who Avas born July 17, 1847, a daughter of Alber and Rowena (Phelps) Campbell, of Athens. To Mr. and Mrs. Wood have been born five children, viz.: Raymond, born May 31,1871; Minnie, born June 22, 1872; Merit, born August 5, 1877; Glennie, born January 29, 1879; and one not named, born November 17. 1890. The family are members of the Disciple Church, of Avhich Mr. Wood is deacon. He is a strong Pro hibitionist, and was on the ticket of the party in the fall of 1890 for HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1299 sheriff of the county ; has a fine farm, dairying being his principal business, and is very prosperous. J. M. WOOD, merchant, Aliis Hollow, was born in Wysox, this county, May 10, 1857, and is a son of Henry and Mary (Waters) Wood, the father a native of Susquehanna county and the- mother of Wales. His grandfather, Jonathan Wood, a pioneer, lived many years in Standing Stone, and his maternal grandfather, Morgan Waters, came to this county from Wales about 1830, and located first in Pike, andafter- Avard removed to Burlington, Avhere he died. The father's family consisted of six children, four living, viz.: Nancy (married to Charles Daugherty), Frank D., Elizabeth and J. M. Our subject was born and reared on his father's farm in Wysox, attending the district school . until he was aged twenty. When reaching his majority, he began farming for himself, and was so engaged until March 27, 1889, when he traded his farm for the property he now owns and a stock of gen eral merchandise — his present business. He was married, December 7, 1880, to Fidelia A., daughter of Dr. M. E. Reed, of Standing Stone, noAv of Genesee Fork, Potter Co., Pa., and this marriage has been Massed with two children : Carleton H., born December 19, 188-5, and I J»Christine, born December 18, 1887. Mr. Wood is a Republican, anBhas been postmaster at Aliis HoIIoav since June 12, 1890. ¦DR. SKILES M. WOODBURN, a prominent physician of [Rwanda, was born in Penn township, Cumberland Co., Pa., June 20, 1850, and is a son of John and Isabella (Dunlap) Woodburn, and of Scotch-Irish descent. He was reared in Pennsylvania and Ohio, and educated in the common schools and Pennsylvania State College. He began the study of medicine, in 1869, with Dr. J. T. Rothrock, now professor of botany in the University of Pennsyh^ania, in Avhich insti tution, in 1870, he continued his medical studies, Avhere he was grad uated in the spring of 1872, and immediately located in Towanda, Avhere he has been in active practice since and has built up a lucrative business. In the fall of 1871 he married Margaret E., daughter of Leonard K. and Elizabeth B. (Robbins) Dilts, of Ringoes, Hunterdon Co., N. J., and has two children living: Charles L. and Isabella E. Dr. Woodburn is a member of the Presbyterian Church, R, A., K. of H., etc., and of the Bradford County Medical Society and Pennsyl vania State Medical Society. He was for nine years pension examiner for Bradford county, and in politics he is a Republican. ALLEN WOODIN, liveryman, Canton, is a native of Granville township, this county, born December 18, 1843. His parents were Joseph and Sarah Jane (Vroman) Allen, natives of Newfield, N. Y., and Schoharie county, N. Y., respectively; his father, who is a black smith and farmer, resides in Granville township; his maternal grand father, Peter I. Vroman, was a soldier in the War of 1812. Allen Woodin, the subject of this sketch, is the eldest in a family of ten children — eight sons and two daughters (the average height of the family, including the parents, is six feet one and one-half inches). Our subject was reared in Granville township, and educated in the common schools. lie enlisted in August, 1862. in Company I, Fif teenth New York Engineers, and served until the close of the war; jater- neerata 4 :ecH:. 1300 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Avas mustered out at Elmira in June, 1865. He then returned home and engaged in farming and lumbering, also operated a sawmill until the fall of 1883, when he removed to Canton and engaged in the livery business. He Avas married in Granville township, January 1, 1867^ to Elise, daughter of Charles and Harriet (Brigham) Taylor, natives of Springfield and Granville townships, respectively; she is the eldest of five children, and was born in West Burlington town ship in February, 1845. To Mr. and Mrs. Woodin were born the fol lowing children: Jennie (Avife of Burton Kiff), Harvey, Hattie, Billy, Alison, who died in 1876, and Charles. The family are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Woodin is a member of the G. A. R., Saxon Post, No. 63, at Granville Centre; he was commander- in-chief of the Encampment of the G. A. R. during 1886; is also a member of the I. O. O. F., Canton Lodge, No. 321, 'and in politics he is a Democrat. GEORGE E. WOODRUFF, proprietor of Woodruff's book-store, ToAvanda, Avas born in Monroe township, this county, September 17, 1863, and is a son of J. Ferris and Jane (Howie) Woodruff. His pater nal grandparents were Jared and Sophia (Alden) Woodruff, pioneej of Monroe, and his maternal grandfather, William Howie, Avas a niu of Scotland, and for several years a resident of Ulster township/ county. George E. Woodruff Avas reared in Monroe township educated at Monroeton graded schools. In June, 1887, he embarked the book and stationery business at Towanda, in which he has since successfully continued. On October 23, 1889, he was married to Hat tie, daughter of Stanley W. and Eleanor (Stark) Little, of Towanda. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and is a Republican. WILLIAM W. WOODRUFF, blacksmith, LeRoy, was born in Dresden, Ohio, September 17, 1845, a son of L. V. and Eliza (Allen) Woodruff, the former a descendant of the Quick family, a native of Wyoming county, Pa., and a blacksmith by trade. Their family consisted of five children — four sons and one daughter — three of Avhom grew to maturity. William W., the subject of this sketch, Avho is the eldest, Avas reared and educated in Illinois, from Avhich State he enlisted in the army in Company C, Fifty-third V. V.; he was wounded at the battle of Jackson, July 12. 1863. After serving his country during the entire war, and being honorably discharged, he came to this county, locating in Litchfield in 1866. He Avas tAvice married : to his first Avife^ Gustie Johnson, on July 4, 1868; his second Avife, whom he married July 21, 1888, was Rose E., daughter of James and Seba Crofutt, and by her he had two sons : John E. and James L. Mr. Woodruff is an enterprising mechanic and a good workman in general blacksmithing ; in politics he is a Democrat. AFTON M. WOOSTER, of Wooster & Boothe, grocers, Troy, was born in LeRoy township, this county, February 5, 1849, and is a son of Malvin and Fidelia (Holcomb) Wooster. The paternal grandfather, Enos Wooster, was born in 1794, came to this county from Danbury Conn., and died in LeRoy in 1823, leaving two children, Malvin and Lucy. The maternal grandfather, Marlin Holcomb, was also a pioneer of LeRoy toAvnship. Malvin Wooster, a farmer by occupation, was HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1301 born in 1822, and died October 11, 1854; his wife died November 28, 1854, both dying with typhoid fever, which Avas very fatal in LeRoy that year; they had a family of five children: Lowell A., Maria (Mrs. A. E. Case), AftonM., Lillie J. (Mrs. S. S. Surdam) and Seymour M. Left an orphan at five years of age Afton M. Wooster was reared in the family of L. D. Taylor, at Granville Centre; he received a common- school education, and on reaching his majority engaged in farming one year in Troy township. He settled in Troy borough in 1872, and for six years Avas engaged in the dray business; in 1878 he embarked in the grocery business with Mr. O. E. Boothe, under the firm name of Wooster & Boothe, in which he has since successfully continued. He married, November 16, 1870, Philena, daughter of Dr. S. W. and Amanda (Bafley) Shepard, of Troy, and has three children: Melvin S., born February 7, 1875; Frank A., "born February 7, 1881, and Harold A., born November 8, 1886. Mr. Wooster is a member of the Disciple' Church, and in politics is a Republican. ANDREW WORTENDYKE, retired farmer, Gillett, was born in Sussex county, N. J., April 29, 1820, a son of Abraham and Rachel Noremus) Wortendyke, natives of Bergen oounty, N. J., the former tarhom was a son of Rynear Wortendyke, who was a native of Hol- I, born March 11, 1759, and whose father removed to this country lut the time the colony was started at "Bergen Hill." Rynear ortendyke's wife, Hannah, was also a native of Holland, born May 4, 1765. Abraham, about 1820, left Bergen for New York City, where he remained six years ; he was a shoemaker by trade, but, being a natural mechanic, worked also at other vocations as opportunity pre sented itself. In 1827 he removed to this county, locating in South Creek township, at that time a part of Wells; this was in the early settlement of the town when there were only a few houses where the village of Gillett now stands. Mr. Wortendyke experienced the priva tions of all the pioneers; the mill facilities were limited, taking two days to go to mill and return; at that time wages were one dollar per day in harvest season, and flour was worth twelve dollars per barrel. Dur ing his residence in Gillett he worked at the cooper's trade, which increased the facilities on the settlement in that direction ; he spent thirty-four years of his life in South Creek township, clearing and improving his farm which consisted of one hundred and twenty-one acres ; he died September 20, 1861, at the age of sixty-five years ; he had a family of eight children, all of whom grew to maturity, and five of them are now living. Andrew, the second, and subject of this sketch, was reared and educated in Wells and South Creek townships, and in early life followed the example of his father, working at the cooper's trade which he pursued in connection with farming about fifteen years ; he fell heir to his father's property. In 1865 he married Nancy M., daughter of Gideon and Sarah Ingersoll, of South Creek township. The Ingersolls were among the oldest settlers in the town ship. Mrs. Wortendyke in her maiden days was a prominent and com petent teacher in the schools of the various townships for twenty-five years, and at her present age is a lady of marked intelligence. Mr. Wortendyke is now living in a neat little home in the village of Gil- 77 1302 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. lett ; he owns a farm of one hundred and twenty -one acres of fertile land, and it is believed that the farm lies above an iron ore mine. He has always enjoyed the confidence of his fellow-citizens who elected him to the office of toAvn commissioner for a term of four years. RAYMOND H. WRIGHT, farmer, P. O. Canton, is 'a native of Canton township, this county, and was born July 9, 1865, a son of Charles Clark and Elizabeth (Fitz water) Wright. Charles Clark Wright was born in Middletown, Vt., August 11, 1818, and died Janu ary 4, 1889 ; he was a son of Joel and Mary (Hoi brook) Wright, natives of Connecticut. Joel Wright Avas a soldier in the War of 1812, removed to Canton township Avith his family, in 1833 ; he was a car penter by trade, and died in 1866, in his eightieth year; his wife died in 1867, in her seventy-fourth year. His father, also named Joel, was a sol dier in the Revolutionary War. Mr. Charles Clark Wright in early life worked at the carpenter's trade with his father, and invested his savings in a land claim (then a forest), where he resided until the time of his death ; he was a ruling elder in the Presbyterian Church for more than twenty-nine years. He married, in May, 1844, Elizabeth Fitzwater, who was born in Jerusalem, N. Y., January 11, 1826, an" still survives her husband. Our subject is the youngest of eight livi children, as follows: Oscar, married to Mary Adell; Diantha, wifj Frank Ammerman ; Silas, married to Anna Hatten ; Mary, wifi John Turner ; Clara, wife of Delos Webster ; Martin, married to Jes! Crandle ; Lena, wife of Lawrence Wright, and Raymond H., who was reared on the farm and received his education in the common and graded schools of Canton borough. He was married in Grover August 28, 1889, to Addie L., daughter of James and Cassandra (Congdon) Rittenhouse, the former of whom was born in Newfield, N. Y., March 21, 1834, and the latter in same place, February 25, 1839. They were married, December 3, 1857, and removed to LeRoy township, this county, about the year 1863, and to Canton township in 1882. James Rittenhouse is a carpenter by trade and resides in Grover. Mrs. Wright is the third in order of birth in a family of five living children, as follows : Dell (wife of Horace Kiff), Byron (married to Nelia Den mark), Addie L. (born in LeRoy, January 20, 1864), Hattie (wife of Elisha Bloom), and Elda, still residing with her parents. Mr. and Mrs. Wright are members of the Presbyterian and Methodist Churches. respectively ; politically he is a Republican. WILLIAM S. WRIGHT, justice of the peace, and a cooper by trade, of Burlington township, P. O. Burlington, was born May 3, 1832, in Wyoming Valley, and had friends killed by the Indians in the massacre at that place. He is a son of Chancy D. and Elizabeth (McKean) Wright, the former of whom was of English extraction, a shoe-maker, and also a rope-maker, and quite a politician ; the latter was of Scotch-Irish descent. The grandfather Wright Avas an officer in the War of 1812, and died of a wound at the age of nearly one hundred years. Our subject was reared as a farmer, and in August, 1862, enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Forty-first P. V. I., and at once went to the Army of the Potomac ; was wounded in two places in his left leg at Chancellorsville, and laid twelve days on the HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1303 battlefield ; was taken prisoner, but was soon paroled, then exchanged, and served to the end of the war. He was, for a time, orderly on the staffs of Gens. Hancock and Humphreys. January 1, 1860, he mar ried Emily, daughter of Daniel H. and Lydia (Morton) Lane, of Bur lington, of Scotch-Irish origin, who was born April 24, 1844, and whose parents were of the same family as Gen. Lane, of Kansas fame. Mrs. Wright's grandfather, great-grandfather and great-great-grandfather fought side by side in the Revolutionary War ; her grandfather, who died at the age of eighty years, was buried in Burlington township. She had two brothers in the" Civil War, Alexander and Daniel. She has borne our subject seven children, all of whom are living, as follows : Willie S. (married to Maggie Fenner), Daniel W. (married to Jane Walters), Permelia (wife of Douglass Brown), Homer D., Howard H., Arthur L. and Lydia May. Mr. Wright is a Republican and a worker at the political Avheel ; has been a justice of the peace seven years, and is on his second term ; is generally known in all political circles. MANASSAH M. YORK, farmer, Wysox township, P. O. Wysox, Avas born March 28, 1821, a son of Amos and Harriet (Hinman) York. He has been engaged in contracting, lumbering, milling and boat- Iuilding, in various parts of the United States and Canada ; he Avas ¦eman on the North Branch Canal, and assisted in putting the first Bter over it, and has charge of keeping a portion of it in repair. He nlisted, February 15, 1864, at Ithaca, N. Y., in Company K, New York Artillery, and was in the folloAving battles : Wilderness, North Anna, South Anna, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, and was wounded while on picket duty in front of Petersburg, June 17, 1864 ; was taken to Harwood Hospital, Washington, D. C., and was discharged on surgeon's certificate of disability, May 29, 1865. He returned to Wysox, boated on the canal, and contracted in lumbering as long as he remained in active life. For several years after the war he carried his disabled left arm, but was finally obliged to have it amputated at the shoulder. He purchased his present home in 1879, and has resided on it ever since. Mr. York married Arila Birchard, and they had three children : Nellie H., Loella and Frederick W. His first wife having died April 1, 1879, Mr. York married Mrs. George Fox, of Wysox. He is a member of the G. A. R. Post, at Towanda, and has always been a most loyal Democrat. SIMEON A. YORK, farmer, P. O. Wysox, Avas born in Wysox township, this county, October 15, 1829, a son of Amos and Harriet (Hinman) York, the former a native of Wysox, and a descendant of the old English York family ; the latter a native of Connecticut, and of English origin. Amos and Lucretia (Miner) York, great-grand parents of Simeon A. came to Wyalusing, in 1876, where he was taken prisoner and carried to Canada, the mother escaping with the children and making herAvay back to Connecticut ; one of the children died on the Avay. and she was obliged to bury it with her own hands under a saw mill. Her husband, being liberated, returned to Connecticut, and was buried one day before she reached there. The paternal grandparents of Simeon A. Avere Rev. Manassah M. and Elizabeth (Arnold) York, who came to Wysox, and the maternal grandparents were John and ch- ft 1304 HISTORY OF BRADFORD OOUNTY. Hannah (Mallory) Hinman, who came to Wysox about 1791, the grand father having made a previous visit and taken up a farm soon after his arrival ; he built the first gristmill in Bradford county, on the farm now owned by J. L. Morgan, and it was in operation three years, hence is not remembered by some as the first mill in the county. Rev. Manassah Minor Ytork was about the first permanent minister in the county, and preached from Wyalusing to Athens. The children of Amos and Harriet (Hinman) York Avere : Wealthy Ann, married to J. Y. WoodAvard, of Williamsport, Pa.; Nelson H., of LaGrange, 111.; Manassah M., a one-armed soldier living in Wysox ; Harriet M., deceased wife of E. A. Coolbaugh ; Saphrona E., E. A. Coolbaugh's second wife ; John O, a farmer in Missouri; Simeon A., the subject of this article ; Penelopy F., who died at fifteen years of age; James S., clerk in drug store at Rockford, HI., and three deceased. Simeon A. York has always been connected with the homestead farm and now owns seventy-five acres of it. He was married, June 11, 1856, to Jane D., daughter of John and Phebe (Kelley) Barnum, natives of Delaware county, N. Y., of English and Irish lineage, respectively ; they have six children, as follows: John, born April 9, 1857, engaged in ranch ing in Montana ; Harriet M., born October 8, 1858, married Lyman Norton, a farmer, Hillsgrove, Pa.; Charley H, born August 23, 18 a farmer, Colorado; Mary N., born March 30,1864, married D. Crawn, of Wysox; Amos M., born September 5, 1866, and Lizzie born March 6, 1868. Mr. and Mrs. York are members of the Presby terian Church at Wysox, of which he is elder, Sunday-school superin tendent and president of the board of trustees. Politically he was formerly a Democrat, then a Republican, but is now separated from all party influences, and votes independently. EDWARD B. YOUNG, druggist, Monroeton, was born Decem ber 11, 1838, in Beaver MeadoAvs, Pa., a son of Edward F. and Eunice E., (Hinman) Young. His father, who Avas a native of Oneida county, N. Y., was a molder, machinist and draftsman by trade. As early as 1830, he located in ToAvanda, and later at Monroeton, where he engaged in the foundry business ; from there he went to Beaver Meadow, and thence to Foundryville. In 1838, he returned to Mon roeton, and operated a furnace and foundry, which in 1850 Avas com pletely destroyed. He immediately rebuilt on the site where H. W. Rockwell's foundry now stands, and to whom he sold in 1864. He resided in Monroeton until his death. His wife was a daughter of John B. Hinman, a pioneer of Monroeton, and by her he had two children : Marion E. (Mrs. Stephen R. Ormsby) and Edward B., our subject, who Avas reared in his native State. He received a common- school education, and most of his life has been spent in Monroeton, where he managed the store of D. J. Sweet, for fourteen years, and was deputy postmaster during that time.' For three years after the Avar he was in the restaurant business. He had an interest Avith Mr. Sweet in business two years, and since 1888 has been engaged in the drug business. He Avas in the Civil War, having enlisted October 14, 1861, in Company F, Twelfth Wisconsin Volunteers, and served four years, when he was honorably discharged, having re-enlisted January 3, HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. 1305 1864. He married twice : his first wife was Lou Douglas, and his second was Sarah A., daughter of William B. and Mary (Warren) Reif- snyder, of Albany, this' county, and by her he had five children: Car rie E. , Edward F., Willie M., Till. B. and Marion Genevieve. Politically Mr. Young is a Republican. He is a member of the K. of H., the G. A. R., and the P. O. S. of A. JOHN M. YOUNG, proprietor of " Knight's Hotel," Troy, was born in Columbia township, Bradford Co., Pa., June 24, 1841, and is a son of Edward and Celinda (Woodruff) Young. His father was a native of Lincolnshire, England, and came to America in 1825, settling in Bradford county. In 1839 he located in Columbia township, cleared a fa,rm, and there he died. His wife was a daughter of Jesse and Polly (Dobbins) Woodruff, pioneers of this county, and by her. he had three children: William J., Henry and John M. Our subject Avas reared in his native township and remained on the old homestead until 1874, when he engaged in the hotel business at Troy, later at Burling ton, and has been the proprietor of " Knight's Hotel," in Troy, since 1887. He was married October 18, 1866, to Harriet A., daughter of James and Martha (Brace) Bullock, of Columbia township, and has one ^>on, Edward J. Mr. Young is a popular and genial landlord; politically ie is a Republican. M CAPTAIN ROBERT YOUNG, farmer, P. O.Troy, was born in ^^rlasgow, Scotland, June 30, 1819, a son of John and Mary (Anderson) Young, who came to America in 1824, locating in Schuylkill county, Pa., and later removing to Lycoming county. In 1876 the father came to Troy township, this county, and died at the residence of our subject, in 1880. Capt. Robert Young was reared in Lycoming county, learned the molder's trade, in Williamsport, in 1840, located in Troy, where he was employed in the foundry of Seth W. Paine, fifteen years; then moved to Tioga, Pa., and engaged in the foundry business for himself, tAvo years; in 1857 he removed to Wellsboro, Pa., and conducted a foundry there until 1863. In June, 1863, he joined, as second lieuten ant, Company A, First Batallion Pennsylvania Volunteers, and was mus tered out after three months' service; he immediately re-enlisted as a private in Company A, One Hundred and Seventh P. V. I., and was soon after promoted to first lieutenant and later to captain, serving in latter capacity about two years, and was honorably discharged and mus tered out of the service in August, 1865. He then located in Troy, Avhere he was in the employ of Mr. Paine until the burning of the foundry, after Avhich he took an interest as a stockholder in the Enter prise Foundry and Machine Works, in Troy, with which he was con nected until 1.884, since which time he has been engaged in farming. Capt. Young was thrice married: first time to Elizabeth Williams, of Troy; and second time to Mrs. Eunice Gilmore, of Troy, and third time to Mrs. Melissa (Mosher) Lanud, of Troy, his present wife. Capt. Young is a popular and well-known citizen of Troy township, a member of the F. & A. M. and G. A. R.; in politics he is a Republican. WILLIAM W. YOUNG, clerk, Austinville, was born in Mains- burg, Tioga Co., Pa., December 22, 1840, and is a son of William and Almira (Basett) Young, early settlers of that place. He was reared in 1306 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Tioga county, Pa., until ten years of age, when he removed to Colum bia township, this county, where he has since resided. After reaching his majority he engaged in farming, at which occupation he continued ten years, and since then has been in the employ of the late A. B. Austin and J. W. Hibbord as clerk in a general store. He married, July 4, 1861, Sarah, daughter of Abijah and Thursa (Palmer) Ayres, of Canton township, and has four children : Austin, Lilian (Mrs. Will iam Watkins), Lizzie and Curtis. Mr. Young was in the Civil War, having enlisted March 1, 1865, in Company I, Ninety-seventh P. V. I., and served six months, when he Avas honorably discharged. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he is a Democrat. ALFRED D. ZELLER, foreman of the car blacksmith shop of the Lehigh Yalley Railroad, Sayre, is a native of Sheshequin, this county. and Avas born March 18, 1860, a son of Andrew and Mary (Stickles) Zeller, natives of Wurtemberg, Germany, who came to this county about the year 1851. The father, who was a stonecutter, and, during the latter part of his life, a farmer, died in Sheshequin, December 18, 1880, in his sixty-second year; the mother resides in Sheshequin. Alfred D. Zeller, who is the sixth in a family of seven children, was reared in Sheshequin, and received a common-school education. B commenced his trade in Sayre, in 1881, in the locomotive blacksmi " shops, and was promoted to his present position in December, 189 He was married in Waverly, N. Y., January 22, 1884, to Miss Hattie A., daughter of John and Hattie (Decker) Codet, the former a native of France, a ship-builder by trade, and the latter a native of this county (Mrs. Zeller is the youngest in a family of three children, and was born in Rome township, this county, December 12, 1864). To Mr. and Mrs. Zeller were born four children, viz.: Lora B., Lillie G., Jennie M. and Grace P. The family are members of the Baptist Church, and Mr. Zeller is a member of the Patriotic Order Sons of America, Iron Hall and Sexennial League, and is treasurer of the latter. In politics he is a Democrat, and was elected one of the toAvn councilmen of the borough of. Sayre in February, 1891. 'a m INDEX. PART I. Page. A brave girl 84 A land of farmers 19 Abolition party 289 Academies 345 Accident at Towanda 181 Adjusting the prophecies 268 Agriculture 19, 270 Agricultural societies 387 Canton Union society, 452 — Farmers' insti tute, 452. Alba borough 389, 391 is First school, 390. fallen, Gen. Ethan 133 Ellen, Nathaniel 434 TAllis Hollow 478 American Eagle, not web-footed 157 Amusements in Olden time 64 Ancient giants 441 Anti-Masonic movement 293 Appearance of country, discovered 39, 40 Arrest of Col. Franklin 1117 Asylum ..: 393 Athens township 189,394 Proprietors, 189— Old hotels, 395— Lots,'396. —No. 1, 398— Indian treaty, 399— Penn's purchase, 399— Village platted, 401 — Trus tees. Franklin, Satterlee and Shepard, 402 —First postoffice, 406— Cayuta mill, 406— Planing mill, 406— Cayuta Axle Company, 406. Athens borough 1 408 Officials,409— Chemung bridge 411— Fire De partment, 411 -Iron Works, 411, 41 S, 413— • Principal fires, 413— Old Exchange burned, 415 — Growth of town, 415— Titles, 416— Town in 1842, 416— Old stone mill, 417— Old stage drivers, 417— Taverns, 417— As it was in 1850, 418— First school, 418— First ferry, 418— Physicians, 418— Fulling mill, 419— Postoffice, 419-First National Bans,' 419— Union Bridge Co., 419— Schools, 420— Old Academy, 420, 423, 424— Foundry, 424 — Sheridan's Iron Works, 425— Furniture Company, 425— Mattress Factory, 425— Car & Coach Co., 425— Planing mill, 425— Flex ible file, 425— Smull's Tannery, 426— Butter Package Factory, 426— Morley's Gristmill, 426— Town in 1861, 426-.Present hotels, 426 — Business concerns, 426— Cemetery, 427— Whisky Insurrection, 427. Sayreboroush 437 Ground purchased, 427— Railroad shops, 428 —Arbor Association,428— Wafer- works, 429 —Fire board, 429— Railroad division, 429— Borough incorporated: first officers, 429— Cavuta Wheel & Fouadry Co., 429— Rapid frowth of place, 429 -Schools 430. outh Waverly 430 Called Factoryville, 430— John Shepard, founder, 430— On State line, 431— Incorpo rated, 431— Official, 431 — Gas and electric lights, 431— Two Herdic lines, 431— Popula tion, 431. Page. Attorneys 317 to 324 Austinville 459 B Ballibay 464 Barclay coal mines 432 Barclay postoffice 432 Bartram. John 42 Bascom, Henry B 435 Battle in Bradford county, 102— Battle of Wyoming, 88. Bennett, Thomas , . 100 Bentley Creek 483 Biddle, Nicholas 217 Big Pond 492 Bird's-eye view of county, 1813 149 Blacksnake and Mrs. Ballard 435 Blossburg mountain 23 Boroughs, number of 384 Boston Tea Party 280 Bowman, Jacob , 59 Boy, ye olden time 62, 63, 67, 153 Bradford county 191 Called Ontario, 191— Justices' districts, 192 — Obstacles encountered, 199— Trustees, 200— Townships, when formed, 201. Brave escape from Indians 100, 101 Burlington borough 441 Butler," John 88 Butler, Zebulon 122 C Cabot township , 454 Oamptown 59 Canal 217 Canton township.. 443 Recollections, Horace Spalding, 443— Ezra Spalding's ledger, 414— Spalding's house burned, 448 — First schools, 448— Arrests under intrusion law, 449. Canton borough 450 Officials, 45 —Business concerns, 451, 452— Schools, water-works, tannery, mills, 451 —Union Agricultural Society, 452— Farm er's Institute, 452. Cannibals 28 Captives 83,84,88,100,102, 108 Carr, Robert 58 Cash books balanced by war 180 Centreville 483 Chilloway, Job 59 Chubbuck, Aaron 177 "Circuit riders" 318 Civilization advances under difficulties ... 47 Oivilizing Indians 28 Claverack 189 Coal 24,412 Cold plague 436 Collectors, 1815 187 Columbia Cross Roads 459 Compromise act of 1799 143 Connecticut people 54, 127 1308 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. PAGE. Coolbaugh, Moses 193 County seat contention 201 Located, 202— Organized, 203 — Topog raphy, i29 — County Poor Farm, 441— Where people lived, 203— Retrospective, 203. Courtship, fifteen minutes 163 Churches 351 Baptist, Troy, 351 — Presbyterians, 351 — Methodists, 352— Of East Troy and Colum bia Cross Roads, 352— Episcopal Church, Troy, 352— Disciples, 352 — Universalists, 3-)2— Catholics, 352^-St. John's, 352~Meth- odists, Canton, 353 — Baptists — Seventh Day Adventists of Alba, 3ft3— Disciples, 353 —Methodist, East Troy, 353— Free Will, 353— Disciples, Granville, 353— Free Will, West Granville, 354— Baptist, 354— Wes leyan Methodist, 354— Universalist, 354— Baptist, of Wells and Columbia, 354 — Methodist, Judson Hill, 354 — Baptist, Springfield, 354— Universalists, Spring field, 354— Methodist, Leona, 355— Method ist, Big Pond, 355 — Methodist,- Burling ton, 355— Protestant Methodist, 355— Evan gelical, 355 — Methodist, Canton, 355— Presbyterians, 356— Disciple, 356— Baptist, 356— Presbyterians, Orwell, 356— Brothers and Sisters disciplined, 357— Churches, Towanda, 358— Presbyterians, 358— Meth odist, 358— Christ Church, 358- Catholic, 359— Baptist, 360— Universalist, 360— Afri can M. E., 360— Episcopalian, 361— Method ist, 361— Presbyterian, 361— Catholic, 361— Baptist, 361— Episcopal, 361 — Methodist, 362— Evangelical, 362— Wysox Church, 362 —At Smithfield, 363 -At Orwell, 362— Keen Summit Church, 363— Baptist, 363— Catholic, 363— Methodist, 363— Presbyte rian, 363 -Methodist, 363— Methodist, 364— Methodist, LeRaysville, 364 — Methodist, Rome, 364— Methodist, Orwell, 364— Pres byterian, Terrytown, 364— Second Presby terian, Wysox, 364— Reformed Presbyte rian, 364 — Ballibay congregation, 365— Herrick Church, 365— Monroeton Presby terian Church, 365— Stevensville Church, 365 -Barclay Church, 365— Rome Church, 365— Church of Orwell and Warren, 365— Ridge Road Church, 365— Church of Wells and Columbia, 365 — Presbyterian of Or well, 366— Methodist, Ulster, 366— Method ist, East Troy, 366— Methodist, Liberty Corners, 366— Methodist, Albany, 366- Methodist, Wilmot, 366 -Lutheran, 366— Universalist, 366. D Death, violent, Benjamin Martin 181 Decree of Trenton 120 Dennison, Col. Nathan 89 "Divine rulers"' 57 Door of Six Nations 29 Dorrance, Col 87 Dow, Lorenzo 436 Douglas and Lincoln 297 Drainage 22 Durell, Stephen, and DureU Creek 391 Dutch 53 E Early settlers 53, 433 East Smithfield 489 Economic subjects 182 Education 264, 340 to 351 Elections in 1813 152, 284, 287, 388 First, 291, 448— General elections, 297. Election districts 194, 197 Elevations 24 Elliott, Joseph 102 Eminent people 302 Evans.Lewis 42 Evergreen , 389 F Page. Fall Creek, hamlet 433 Farms in county 19 Farmers' Institute 452 Fassett 490 Federalist party 284, 288 Federal Republicans 150 Female suffrage 198 First-white man, 42— settler, 54, 433— On Susquehanna, 58— White child, 87— Real Democracy, 119— Paper, 148— Prayer meet ing, 433— Political meeting, 149— Axe fac tory, 179— Gerrymander, 193. Fitch, Lemuel 58 Five Nations 28 Flower, Maj. Zephon 108 Foot of Plane 432 Fort.Sullivan 99 "Forty" settlers 117 Fox, Rudolph 54, 83, 84, 87 Fox, Elizabeth 87 Franklin, Col. John.. 89, 90, 100, 102,110, 134, 137, 138, 284, 395, 400 Franklin township 459 Burr Ridgeway's recollections of, 459. Franklindale 460 Friedenhiitten 44 "Free press" 253 G Gas Gaylord, Justus .' Geology 2Q, Giddings, Joshua R Gillett Gleanings from early papers 148 to Goddard, Ezra and l_uther, killed Good versus splendid government Goodrich, E. O'Meara Gordon, Samuel Gore, Samuel 101, 103, 104, 107, Government, best form of 258, Granteer, Jacob Granville Centre Granville Summit Graydon Granville township First arrivals, schools, first born, 461 — Draft in 1812,462— Mails and postoffice, 462 Grover H Hagan, Betsey .' 437 Half-share rights 134,144, 198 Hamilton, Alexander 282 Hammond, Libeus, captured 100 Hancock, Isaac 69 HappyValley 59 Harrison, W. H., and Tammany Hall 261 Death of President 289 Hartford Convention 179, 254 Hartley,Col 8], 90 "Have I one son left?" 108 Herrick township .463 Named for Judge Herrick, 463— First - settlers, 463— Ballibay settlement, 464— Hon. Gtorge Landon, 464. Hibbardtown 389 Hicks, Edward .58 History, advance in 47 Hollenback, Mathias 397 Homicide, 158— Dalton killed Hurlbut, 220. Hooker, A. S. (" Wirt Arland ") 110 Hoover, Casper 59 Immigrants 48 First arrivals, 49— Compared to Napoleon, 49— Remarkable people, 51. " Indians 27 to 39 Barbarities, 32— Paths, 32— "Root hog or die," 33— Iroquois, 29. 449 • INDE? 1309 T r 4. ¦ a i. ¦ PAOE. Infant industries 260 Ingersoll a captive 83 Intellectual progress 249 Intrusion law 140 Iron 25 Jackson and Clay Jarndyce vs. Jarndyce. Jefferson, Thomas Jenkins, Col. John . . Joliet 319253 .287, 394 34 K Kinney, H. L 318 Kinney, Simon 183, 317 Laddsburg 389 Land disputes 283 Landon, Hon. George 464 Laporte, Bartholomew 288 Law, study of 320 Law of averages 249 Leather breeches 63 Leona , 493 LeRaysville 482 LeRoy township 465 First settlers, 465 -On south side Towanda, 466. Lettoy village 466 t Letts, Catharine (Mrs. Cole) 110 Liberty, blessed 252 Liberty Corners 471 Lincoln and Douglas 297 Lincoln and Trumbull, episode. 297 Litchfield township 467 Local history 249 Log cabin 69 to 79 Lord.John 58, 59 Lott, Leonard 59 Luther's Mills 441 M McKean, Samuel 437 McKean, Thomas 287 Macedonia 393 Madison's message 261 Mail routes. 207, 208 Manors, Stoke and Sunbury 117 Manufactures 19, 270 Marquette 34 Mason and Dixon's line . 283 Mason expelled 172 Meade, Justice David 132 Means, WiUiam 149, 159, 201 Mercur, Chief Justice 305 " Middle British Colonies " 42 Middletown 483 Milan 540 Mill creek 407 Milltown 394 Minequa springs 450 Missionaries and traders 39, 560 Monroe struggling for county seat 201 Monroe township 468 Early settlers. 468 to 470 -Liberty Corners, 471— Northrup Hollow, 471— Weston, 471— Masontown, 471 — Greenwood, 471— Tan nery, 471. Monroe borough 472 Moore's Hill 540 Moravians 560 Morrow, Judge P . D 310 Mount Pisgan 492 Napoleon, sympathy for. 178 Nations, rise and fall of 34 Navigating the Susquehanna, 108,109,110 Page. Negro suffrage 199 Slaves, 288, 435-" Cesar," 448. Newspapers, first here .-.148 to 189 Then and now 254, 257 Presschapter 330to340 New Albany 389 O Officials 284, 271 to 280 Oil 25 Old church 435 Old map 4a Ontario, first county name 191 Act creating county, 191. Orwell 197, 477 Orwell township 453 Called " Mount Zion," 473— Early settlers, 474, 477— Church organized, 477— Making rails to get marriage license, 477— Orwell Hill, 478— Aliis Hollow, 478. Overton township 478 Overton village 479 Overton, first name of Towanda 202 Paine Island 398 Painter, Philip 59 Palatines 53, 54 Pawling, Henry 59 Pennamites and Yankees 81,114, 119 to 129' Pennsylvania and Maryland line 283 Petitions for new county jgg Pike township 479 Indian trail, 479— Josiah Bosworth, 479— " Half -Way House," 479 — Soldiers, War, 1812, 479— Welsh Settlement, 481— Welsh church, 481— Stevensville, 481— The Pha- . lanx, 481— LeRaysville, 482. Pioneers, character of ...41, 44 Persecutions in the Old World 41 Politics 149,170,171,172,173 A "Merino ticket," 174, 25u, 257— Begin ning of, 280— Talk of disbanding the States, 281— Jefferson and Hamilton, 282— Constitution formed, 282 — Founding a democracy, 282 — First meeting)!, 284 — Early leaders, 287— Abolition party, 288— County Democratic, 288 -" Hunker " and " Free-soiler," 289— Labor party, 289— "Tylerized," 289 — Party platform, 290— Farmers' Alliance, 290— Anti-Masonic, 293 — Jacksonand Clay, 293— Presidential elec tion 1888, 300 -Election 1890, 298. Poor Farm 441 " Poor Richard's " philosophy 253 Population 19,383 Postage in 1816 188 Postmasters, early 207 Postoffices in county 212 to 214 Potatoes 384 Q Queen Esther 30,83, 91 Village 394 E Railroads— Lehigh Valley, 218-Barclay, 218— Sullivan and State Line, 219- Southern Central, 2i9 — G. I. and S., 219— Northern Central, 219 Miles of road in the county, 384. Religion, old time 262 Return after Revolution 61 Revolution 79 -War meeting 178', 8 —Effects of, 25'. Ridgebury township 482 Centreville, 483-Bent!ey Creek, 483— Mid dletown, 483. R dgeway. Burr 101, 167, 183. 257, 315, 459 Rivers, Chemung and Susquehanna 399 Rogers, Jonah 100 Roads, first 207,210,441 1310 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Page. Rome township 483 Bumptown 484 Rome borough 485 Royalty and fetich 47,57, 60 Rummerfield, Anthony 58, 59 Rummerfield village 393, 495 Russia and its miserables 250 Satterlee, Col 109,193, 400 Schools. 340 to 351 Primitive schools, 340— Master Root, Ben- diet Satterlee, Thomas Wigton, Uriah Terry, David Lake, Eliphalet Mason, Theodosia Wells, Mr. Brevost, Clarissa Woodruff, early teachers, 34 1 — Free schools established, fit st county superin tendents, 34 L — Academies, 345 — school property, 348— Scholars by towns and bor- ougns, 3 18— Teachers, expenses, etc., 351 —Teachers' Association, 351. Secords, John, James and Cyrus 59 Seeley, Samuel 393 "Seventeen townships" Ill First and Second Pennamite and Yankee Wars, 111 to 148— Decree of Trenton, 120 —Confirming Act, 124— Half -share rights, 124,144— Sketch of Franklin,188— Confirm ing Act failed, 138— Act repealed, 139— Intrusion law, 140— Litigated, 140. Shawnees, 30 Shuefelt, Peter 54 Shepard, John 407 Sheshequin township 485 Meaning of name, 485— Col. Spalding, Judge Obadiah Gore, 486— Franklin Blue Stone Co., 487. • Sheshtquin village 487 Simple annals of the poor 44 Simpson, Thomas 148 SixNations 92 Slocum, Frances 108 Smithfield township 488 East Smithfield 489 Snedekerville 459 Societies 369 Masons : Rural Amity, No . 70, 369— Union Lodge, No. 108, 370— Royal Arch Chapter, No. 161, 371— Northern Commandery, No. 16, 371— Mt. Moriah Lodge, 371— Trojan Lodge, 373— Canton Commandery, 372— Canton Lodge, 372— Evergreen Lodge, 372 —Roman Lodge, 372— Smithfield Lodge, 372— LeRay Lodge, 373-Sisterhood O.I.H ., 373— Royal Arcanum, 373 — Asa Packer Lodge, 373-B. of L., 373-B. of L. F., 363 —Alumni, 374-Pomona Grange, 374— Golden Cycle, 374— Union Agricultural, 374-K. of P.,374-K. of H.,374— I.O.O.F., 374, 376, 376, 377— G. A. R., 378, 379, 380, 38 L —Sons of Veterans, 379— Iron Hall, 379— K. of H., 379— Mystic Lodge, 379— P.O.S. A., 380— Building and Loan, 380— Band, 380— U. V. Legion, 380-S. of V., 381— Hull's Battery, 382. South Creek township 490 Gillett 490 Fassett 490 Spalding, Simon 59, 193 Spanish Hill 407 Springfield township 491 Mount Pisgah, Springfield, Leona, Big Pond 492 Stalford, J. B 29 Standing Stone, survey 58 Standing Stone township 495 A historical rock, 595— Settlement aban doned, 595— Rummerfield, 590— Standing Stone, 595. State road 211 Statesmanship 291 Statistics 383 Stevens, Ira 401 Stevensville 461 PAGE; Stokes township 192 , Sullivan's expedition, 91— Centennial of, 99. Sullivan Fort 395 Superstitions 267 Susquehanna Company 58,283 Susquehanna river 23 Declared highway 208 Sylvania' 459 T Taxables 382 Teeter, Conrad 213 Terry township 496 Terrytown 496 "The Day We Celebrate" 164 The " old man " and hopeful heirs 64 The Seventeen Townships 190 Tioga Point 394 Tioga township 193 Tobacco 384 Tomjack 433 Tories 83 Township organization 498 Towanda township 497 Claverack, 497— Township named, 499— Pioneers, 499, 500-Settling the Towanda hills, 501. Towanda borough 502,520 (Naming the towD, 168, 69, 202)— Early set tlers, 502— William Means, 603— Old red tav ern, 503— Some of the first in Towanda, 505 —Bridge, 534— Fire Department, 525— Tow anda Gas Co., 525— Electric Light Co., 526 —Water-works; 526— Towanda Bank, 52ti— i First National Bank, 527-Citizens National 's Bank, 527— Towanda libraiy, 527— Hum phrey B os. & Tracy's factory, 527— Day ton's mill, 527 — Hale's planing mill, 528— Humphrey Manufacturing Co., 528— Nail works, 528— Foundry, 528— Furniture fac tory, 528— Toy factory, 528— Business con cerns classified, 531. Towanda mountain ...23, Townships- Albany Armenia Asylum Athens Barclay Burlington Canton Columbia 453 Franklin 459 Granville 460 Herrick 463 LeRoy 406 Litchfield 467 Monroe 468 Orwell 478 Overton 479 Pike ' 472 Ridgebury 483 Rome 485 Sheshequin 483 Smithfield 488 South Creek 490 Springfield 491 Standing Stone \ . . . 495 Terry 496 Towandas, Two 4S7 Troy 538 Tuscarora 539 Ulster 541 Warren 544 Wells 546 West Burlington 551 Wilmot 552 Windham 556 Wyalusing 559 Wysox 576 Townships, Four 189 To2er, Col. Julius 109,401 Trade with England 260, 261 Treason 263 39 S91 394432432442 INBEX. 1311 Page. Troy township 532 In 1803, 53a— Old ruins, 532— Samuel Rock well, 532— First mills, 532— First schools, 533 Troy borough 534 First house, 533— Horse racing in the streets, 534— Bird's-eye view of, 534— Bor ough officials, 535— Pierce's recollections, 535-Dr. Almerin Herriok, 535-Early trade, 536— As it was in 1837, 536— Fire company, 536— Tanneries, 536— Schools, 536— Farmers' club, 538. Turnpike, old Berwick 207, 211 Tuscarora township 539 Originally Spring Hill, 539— Samp-mill, 539 —First burial, 540—" Toad smashers," 541. " Two whole families lost " , 183 u Ulster township 541 Originally Sheshequin,541— Early Settlers, 542— Old graveyard, 543— First mill, 543 — Milan, 540— Moore's Hill, 540— Ulster vil lage, 540. Upson, Asa, killed by Indians 100 V Vaccine, first in county .' 436 Valleys 190 Van Campen, Moses 10J Van Valkenbergs 58 W Walker, Z. F 108 "•Walking purchases " 43 War- People driven off, 60— Three companies, 82 — War meeting, 81— Committee of Safe ty, 81, 83- War 1812, 181, 253, 221— Mexican War, 221— War cioud in '97, 220— Hollen back's recruits, 220. Civil War, 221 -County responds to Presi dent's call, 232— First Bull Run, 223— War meeting, 223 -Number furnished by county, 224— County's fallen heroes, 227— Meeting in Towanda, 227— Three compa nies, 227— Sixth Reserves, 228— Gettysburg monument, 230— Twelfth Reserves, 231— Fiftieth regiment, 231— Fifty-second, 238 —Seventh cavalry, 248— One Hundred and Sixth, 238— Eleventh cavalry, 238— One Hundred and Thirty-second, 239— One Hundred and Thirty-seventh, 239 -One Hundred and Forty-first, 239-Call for 300,000 men, 240— Rapid recruiting, 240, 241, 242. 243, 244— Seventy-seventh cavalry, 244— One Hundred and Seventy-first, 244 —Two Hundred and Seventh, 247— Emer gency men, 247— Governor's supplement al call, 247— Summary of county's doings, 247, 248— Bounty raised, 248— Survivors, 249. [See biographies of Gen. Madill and Col. Edward Overton.] Welles, Charles F log Welles, James 58 Page. Welles, Roswell 287 Welles, Guy 149 Warren township 544 Martell settlement, 544—" Old Clearing," 544— Bowen Hollow, 544 — Going to mill, 545— First birth, 646— Taxables in 1804, 545 —Church, 546— South Warren, 546— War ren Centre, 546— West Warren, 546. Wells, township 546 Named for Henry Wells, 546— "Priest" Smith, 546— First death, 549— School, 550— Revolu tionary patriots and 1 812 soldiers, 550 Wells village, 551— Aspinwall 551 West Burlington : 551 West Burlington village 651 Westmoreland county erected 120, 189 Westmoreland town 119 Westover, Cynthia M.... 342 Whig party 288 Whigs and Tories 81 Wiles,G.H 29 Wilmot, David 289, 302 Wilmot township 652 Named for David Wilmot, 552— First set tler, 552— Ingham's purchase, 554 — School- house and buryjng-ground, 555 — First school, 555. Wilson, Irad .' 389 Windham township 556 Draft in War 1812, 556- Shoemaker's mill, 658— First sawmill, 558 — Rafting, 558— Going to mill, 558. Windham 559 Windham Centre 559 Windham Summit 559 Wyalusing 29,54,58,59,88,193 Wyalusing township 559 Change, 559 — Friedenshiitten, 559, 561— Curious river, 5i9— Vaughan Hill, 559— David Zeisberger, 560— Browntown, 560— Judge Stalford, 561— Zeisberger's journal, 562— Exodus, 563— Town surveyed, 563— Henry Powling's purchase. 664— Memorial stone, 564— First whites, 565— Tragedy at Kingsley 's, 565— Fir_t tavern, 565— Five stills, 565— First church, 665— Return of settlers, 567— Election in 1806, 567— Elliott's escape from capture, 567— Floods, 568— Bridge at Camptown, 570— Mills, 571— Pop ulation in 1795, 571— Roads, 571— Taxables, 1795, 572— Fairbanks settlement, 572— Holl enback's store, 573— First justice, 573— Camptown, 574— Churches, 574— Homet's ferry, 574— Merryall, 575. Wyalusing borough, 675— Incorporated, 575 —Officials, 575— Creamery, 576— Industries, 576. Wyoming battle 88, 91 "Wyoming bed" , 108 Wysox township 576 Early mention, 193 — Was to be "New Baltimore," 202— First settlers, 576, 577— First school-house, 578— Pond Hill, 577— Myersburg, 578. Wysox village 578 PAET II. A Abbott, Wallace D 581 Abell, Amaziah A o»L Abell.LoisA °82 Abell, Preserved T »82 Abrams, David 5°2 Ackley, Demmon &°_ Ackley.J.B "84 Alden, Hon. Jobn :. 684 Alden, Philo E ™» Allen, Darwin N 589 Allen.Ezra 589 Allen, Henry H 590 AUen,John 591 Allen,J.A 691 Allen, Robert B 593 Allen, S.O 592 Allen, William 593 Alliger, Cornelius W 594 Alliger, Elijah 593 Aliis, Charles H 594 1313 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Page. Aliis, Edwin 1 594 Aliis, George R 595 Allis,H. C 596 Aliis, I. M 596 Allis,N.H 597 Allyn, Jacobs 597 Allyn, Thomas B 597 Alvord, Stephen W 598 Anderson, Jeremiah 598 Andress,L.J 599 Andrews, W. H 600 Andrews, W. W 600 Angier, G. M 601 Angle, Eleazer J 602 Angle, Philip C 601 Antisdel, William 603 Arey, Henry W 603 Arey, James L 603 Armstrong, A „ 604 Armstrong, George B 604 Armstrong, William E 605 Arnold, Corington T 605 Arnold, Henry C 606 Arnold, Senaca L 606 Arnout, Levi G 607 Atwood, Elmer J 607 Atwood, Frederick G 608 Atwood, George N 609 Atwood, Rollin C 609 Avery, Cyrus 610 Ayer.O.F 611 Ayres, Enoch J 611 Ayres, Jacob J 612 Ayres,M.P 612 Ayres, Mrs. R 1086 Ayres,Shelly 613 Bailey, George W 614 Bailey, Mrs. Marian 614 Bailey, Newton J 614 Bailey, Robert 615 Bailey, RodolphusD 614 Baker, William F 615 Baker, William W 616 Baldwin, Vine H. 616 Baldwin, William F. . : 616 Ball, Jacob L 617 Ball, Joseph A 618 Ballard, Charles H 618 Ballard, Lert J 619 Ballard, Shepard H 619 Ballentine, Kev. George 620 Barbour, James D 620 Barker, Perley N.,M. D 621 Barnes, George 621 Barnes, Ulyssus 622 Barnes, William 623 Barrett, Henry 623 Barrowcliff, Washington I 623 Bartch, Jacob J 624 Bartlett, Henry Arthur 624 Baxter, Uriah D 6?5 Beaman, John W 625 Beardsley, Chas. 1 626 Beardsley, George G 636 Beck, Cyrus 626 Becker, Joseph 627 Beebe, Abner M 627 Beidleman, George M 628 Beidleman, Joseph B 628 Benjamin, Alonzo E 628 Bennett, James 629 Bennett,W.A 629 Bensley, John G ' 630 Berry, Alvin L 630 Berry, Woodard 631 Besley, John 631 Besley, William W 632 Bessey , Francis E 632 Best, Jerome E 633 Biles, Charles 635 Biles, John A 683 Page. Biles, Peter A 636 Bishop, Alonzo A ' 636 Bishop, Joseph W 637 Bixby, Mrs. Clara 637 Bixby,G. M 637 Black, Mrs. Elizabeth 639 Black, Harrison 638 Black,John 639 Black, John H 639 Black,N.A '.. 640 Blackman, George W 640 Blackwell, John 641 Blackwell, Thos 642 Blair, A. Stryker 642 Blauvelt, Charles D 643 Bliss, Liston 643 Blocher, Jacob F 644 Bloom, Carpenter J 645 Bohlaier, John J 645 Boland, Daniel F 646 Boland, Patrick 646 Bonney, O. M 646 Bostwick, Arthur 647 Bostwick, John 647 Bostwick, Wm 650 Bostwick, Zechariah 647 Bosworth, E. E 650 Bosworth, J. Alonzo 652 Bosworth, James W 651 Bosworth, Jasper P 651 Bosworth, Lewis A 653 Bothwell, James L 654 Boughton, Lyman C 654 Bourne, Danvers 655 Bowen, Anson H 655 Bowen, Brainerd 656 Bowen, George A 656 Bowen, George W 657 Bowen. Richard T 658 Bowen, Zachary T 658 Bowman, Frank A 659 Boyce, Joseph G 659 Boyd, J. W 660 Boyle, Francis 660 Bradbury, Daniel 661 Bradford, Daniel 662 Brainard, Spencer S 662 Brennan, Patrick F 662 Brink, T. W 663 Brink, Mrs. G. W 663 Brink, George W 663 Bronson, Samuel N 664 Brown, B. F 666 Brown, Charles J 666 Brown, Charles L 667 Brown, Clark M . . 667 Brown, D. K 668 Brown,D.S 669 Brown, Edward H 669 Brown,F.S 670 Brown, Ira A 670 Brown, James R 670 Brown, John H • 671 Brown, J. H 672 Brown, Mrs. Lydia A 670 Brown.L.O 673 Brown, Morris C 674 Brown, Oscar M 674 Brown, R. G 675 Brown, T. F 676 Brown, Ulysses F 676 Brown, Rockwell & Co 669 Brundage, John L 676 Bruster, G. C 677 Bryant, James 678 Buchanan, Abi-am 679 Buck,PerleyH 679 Buck,SamuelW 679 Budd, Loudon 679 Buffington, Rufus C 680 Bull,HiramE 681 Bull, Joseph 681 Bullard, C. W 681 Bullock, C. E. (Canton township) 682 INDEX. 1313 Page. Bullock. C. E. (Springfield township) 682 Bullock, G. E 683 Bullock, William A 683 Bunyan, Geo. L 684 Burch, Marous E. 685 Burc hill Brothers 685 Burk, Isaac 685 Burritt, Charles R 686 Burroughs, D. M 687 Burroughs, Arthur B 687 Bush, J. K 688 Buttles, Ellihu 688 Butts, S. a 689 O Califf, John N 690 Califf, Rev. Stephen A 690 Camp, Charles O 691 Camp, Geo.S 691 Camp, William H 692 Campbell, A. J 693 Campbell, Chauncy C 693 Campbell, Daniel . . 694 Campbell, D. V 695 Campbell, H.C 695 Campbell, Jesse W 694 Campbell, Joseph 695 Campbell, Josephus 695 Campbell, Sterling K 695 Campbell, William B 696 Canfield, Clarence W 696 Canfield, Daniel C 697 Card, Charles H 697 Carey, John H 698 Carl & Pierce 1084 Carmody, John 699 Carpenter. Philo S., M. D 699 Carrier, Charles W., M. D 699 Case, Frank P 700 Case, Hiram A 701 Case,H.L 701 Case, Samuel R 702 Case, Warren 703 Chaffee, Cordis M 704 Chaffee, D. W 703 Chaffee, Ephraim 704 Chaffee, JohnH 704 Chaffee.N.P 705 Chaffee. W. B 705 Chamberlain, Byron A 706 Chamberlain, J. W 707 Chamberlain, Milo 707 Chamberlain, Samuel 708 Chandler, H. 1 709 Cnapman, M. C 709 Chase, Daniel 709 Chase, David 710 Chase, William P 711 Chesley,A.N 711 Child, Charles A 711 Child, Rufus W 712 Chilson, Francis 713 Chubbuck, L.S 713 Chubbuck, O.J 714 Chubbuck, Rev. S. A 716 Chubbuck, Tracy J 717 Churchill, Calvin W 718 Clapper, John 718 Clark, Benjamin 719 Clark, B.M 719 Clark, Gilbert M 719 Clark, Harry 720 Clark, H.L 730 Clark, J.Fred 721 Chtrk.S. S 721 Cleaver, Isaac 722 Cleveland, E. J 722 Coburn, Franklin 723 Coburn, J. P 723 Coburn, Lewis B 724 Codding, Edgar H 724 Codding, James H '37 Codding, John A 725 Page. Codding, John W 727 Codding & Wheaton 724 Cogswell, Bela 727 Cole, Chas. C 729 Cole, C. H„ M. D 729 Cole,DavidW 730 Cole, Wm. F 731 Cole, J. H 731 Cole, William W 732 Coleman, Henry H 732 Coleman, Mrs. Irene 733 Coleman, Leroy 788 Collins, Daniel J 733 Collins, Timothy 733 Colony Bros •. 734 Colt, Dr. Samuel Fisher 734 Comerford, Rev. Thomas J 736 Conant, Emery L 736 Conklin, Joseph L 736 Conklin, Sophia L 737 Conklin, William H 737 Cook, Cyrus 737 Cook, Reed 739 Cook, Willard 738 Cook, Zeri 739 Coolbaugh, Chester J 739 Coolbaugh, Eustis A 740 Coolbaugh, Jefferson L 741 Cooley, Rodney H 741 Coons, G. M 741 Cooper, Cort 742 Cooper, Joseph F 743 Corbin, Alfred B 744 Corbin, George G 744 Corbin,J. T 745 Cornell, Alvah M 745 Correll, James W 746 Corss, Rev. Charles C 746 Cory. John H 747 Oovell, Albert 747 Covert, George L 748 Cowell, Edward M 749 Oox, George H 749 Craft, Rev. David 749 Craig, Mackay 750 Craig, Samuel W 751 Crandal, Armenia .- 751 Crandal, Charles H 751 Crandall, George A 752 Crandall, Gilbert B 753 Cranmer, Ashbel L 753 Cranmer, Chester W 753 Crawford, Hugh 754 Crum, Harrison 755 Cuffman, George 755 Culp, Rulandus 756 Culver, Lafayette J 756 Currier, John M 758 D Daggett.S.0 758 Daniels, Jacob .759 Daniels. William H 759 Dare, Charles V 760 Daugherty. Jabez G 760 Davidson, J. A 761 Davidson, Thaddeus B 761 Davies, Evan W 761 Davies, E. W 762 Davies, John D 762 Davies, Montague A 763 Davies, William T 763 Davis, A. M 764 Davis, George E 765 Davis, Samuel J 765 Dean, John H 766 Decker, Rev. Alex. D 766 Decker, Edwin W 767 Decker, P. E 946 Dekay, Samuel S 767 Delaney, Wesley H 767 De Lano, Orrin L 768 Denmark, R. B 768 1314 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Page. Depue.D.D 769 Derrah, Charles D 769 Desmond, Andrew 770 Detrick, Mrs. May A 770 Detrick, Harrison 710 Dettra, Charles J 771 Dewey, Andrew J 771 Dewey Brothers 772 Dewey, Floyd 771 Dewing, George F 772 De Witt, William F 773 Dibble, Joel 774 Dickinson, Le vi S 77* Dieff enbauch, W. S 775 Dillin, George & Sons 775 Dimon, Charles 776 Dinan, Thomas J. Jr 776 Dobbins, John E 778 Dobbins, William A 777 Dobbins, William S 777 Dodge, John E 778 Doty, Benjamin H 779 Douglas, L. H 779 Duart, D.H 780 Dubert, George W 780 Dumond, William E 781 Dunbar, Oliver G 781 Dunham, William H 781 Dunklee, E. L 782 Dunn, Barcley 783 Duruz, Augustus 783 Dwyer, Dr. Charles S 783 E Eastabrook, Frank E 784 Eastabrooks, A, J 784 Eastabrooks, Charles J 785 Eastabrooks, Marcus 786 Eastgate, James H 787 Eastman, Calvin J 787 Eastman, John 1 787 Eaton, William H 788 Edinger, Peter H 789 Edsell, John W 789 Edsell, Mrs. Sarah E 789 Edson, John M 789 Eighmey, Lewis 791 Elliott,John H 791 Elsbree, A. C 792 Elsbree,J.L 792 Elsbree, N. N 793 ElsbreeJPerry H 793 Elwell, Ephraim W 794 Ely, Joseph M 794 Emery, Jacob 795 English, Orlando 796 Ennis, Frederick A 796 Estell, Geo. S 797 Evans, DavidT 797 Evans, Henry 798 Everitt, Edward A 798 Fairbanks, Morris 799 Fanning, Adelbert C 799 Fassett, John Q. A 800 Fee.Andrew 800 Fee, Deborah A 800 Fee, Martin 801 Fell, Ulysses M 802 Field, Oliver D 802 Finch, Ira 803 Fitch, E. G 804 Fitzgerald, Cornelius 804 Fitzgerald, Thomas ,. . 804 Fleisher, Daniel /...'. 805 Fleming, David T 805 Fletcher, B. Frank 806 Fletcher, John P 806 Flory, William H 807 Foley, Thomas F 807 Foilett, James 808 Page. Forbes, Andrew D 808 Foster, Frederick . 809 Fox.Geo.H 809 Fox, John A.. 810 Foyle, WiUiam 810 Franklin, Geo. W 811 Frawley, John 811 Frazer.J. W 811 Frazer, N. S 812 French, Walter H 813 Fries, Abraham 814 Frisbie, Addison C 814 Frisbie.A.G 815 Frisbie, Frank 816 Frisbie, William L., M. D 817 Frisby, William 817 Frost, Edward 818 Frost, E. M 818 Frost, James O 819 Frutchey, Reuben 819 Fulford, W.R 820 Fuller, Edgar S 820 Fuller, George L -821 Fuller, I. C 822 Fuller, N.A '. 823 Fuller, R.J 824 Furman, Finley 824 Furman, Hiram 824 Furman, James B 835 Furman, JohnM 826 G Galligher, William ; 826 Gamble, Judson J 827 Gamble, Nathaniel N 827 Gamble, Thomas A., M. D 828 Gamble, Thomas J 827 Garey, R. R 828 Garrison, Prof . C. P 829 Gaylord , H. B 830 Gaylord, H. P 830 Gaylord, Joseph 831 Gaylurd, Justus J 831 Gaylord.N.J 831 Gee, Julius 832 Geiger, J. Valentine 832 Genung,S.A 833 Gernert, John P 833 Gernert, Stephen C 834 Gernert, Stephen G 834 Gernert, William E 834 Gerould, Samuel W 835 Gillette, John F 835 Gladding, Charles E 836 Gleason, L. R 836 Gleason, Rufus B 837 Glover, Henry A 838 Goff, L S •.. 838 Gooding, E.G 839 Gore, Abraham 840 Gore, Charles F 840 Gore,W.H.H 841 Gorsline, Abel L 843 Gould, IraA 843 Grace, Addison 844 Grace, Thomas 845 Grady, Francis P 845 Grant,J.H 845 Green, James H 846 Green, William H. D 847 Green, Walter K 846 Gregory, George W., M. D 848 Griffin, Job 848 Griffith, Joseph P 849 Griggs, Lucius E 850 Grimes, Terrv 850 Grinnell, Henry G 851 Grohs, Charles N 861 H Haflett, Geo.H 851 Haflett, John W 852 INDEX. 1315 Page. Hager, Caleb S • 852 Hageman, Francis H 853 Haigh, JohnF 853 Haight, Harry L 853 Haines, Charles A ' 854 Haines, Jno. F 854 Hale, Elias W 856 Hale, E. W. Jr 855,1238 Hall, Chas. M 856 Hall, Darius Custer 856 Hallock, H.J 857 Hamaker, J. S 859 Hamm, Aaron 859 Hammerly, A. C 860 Hammond, Chas. N 861 Hankinson, Richard S 861 Hannon, James J. 862 Hannon, Patrick J 863 Harkness, Stephen D 864 Harlow, Stephen B 864 Harps, Titus 865 Harris, Arthur H 865 Harris, Charles V 866 Harris, Nathaniel C 866 Harshbarger, David W 867 Hawthorn, Jas. A 868 Hayden, Bert 868 Heath, Wm. S 868 Heidt, Edward 869 Henson, Alfred C 869 Herman, Moses D 870 Herrick, Edward C 871 Herrick, Edward F 871 Hibbard, James W 871 Hickey, Maurice 871 Hickock, Francis R 873 Hickok, A. H 872 Hickok, Newton 873 Hicks, F M 873 Higgins, Mrs. Addie 875 Hill, Chauncey 876 Hill, Mrs. Dolly 875 Hill.Edgar J 876 Hil'.JohnL 876 Hill, Jonathan A 877 Hill, Lorenzo D 878 Hill, Randolph P 878 Hillis, Albert S : 879 Hinds, Adolphus H 880 Hinds, John B 880 Hinds, Mrs. John B 880 Hoaglin, Orlin W 881 Hobart, Burdick H 881 Hoffman, Charles M 881 Hoffman, George M 882 Holcomb, George O 882 Holcomb, Harvey 883 Holcomb, Jasper N 883 Holcomb, Halleck L 884 Holcomb, Judson 884 Holcomb, LeRoy 885 Holcomb & Tracy 884 Holdridge, Henry A 886 Holdridge, Howard B 886 Hollon, Daniel O 886 Hollon, Guy C 886 Holmes, George F 886 Homet , Charles S 887 Homet, Edward 887 Homet, GeorgeS 888 Homet, Seth 889 Homet, W.H ,.890^ Honeywell, Nathaniel 891 Hooker, Augustus S 891 Horton, Elijah H 893 Horton, Earl W 892 Horton, George H : 893 Horton, George L 893 Horton, Horace 894 Horton, J. B 895 Horton,J.P 895 Horton, Miles E 896 Horton, Ulysses E 896 Horton, William T 897 Page. Hosley, Norman S 897 Hosley, Norman S. Jr 897 Hottenstein, Jno. C 898 Houseknecht, Benjamin J 898 Hover, Allen 899 Hovey,R.M 899 Howe, E. A 900 Howe, Henry 901 Howell, Howell 902 Howie, James G 903 Howie, John 904 Hoyt,L.T 904 ,Hubbard,F.N 904 Huff, J. V 905 Huggins, Savill S 905 Hull, Unas. T 906 Humphrey, Newton 1225 Hunt, Mrs. Francis J 908 Hunt, James 907 Hunt,JohnF 907 Hunt, Mrs. Wealthy 907 Huntley, F. H 908 Hurley, Daniel 908 Hutchins, Burt 909 Hutchinson, Lewis H 910 Hutchinson, Stephen S 910 Ingham, Abraham M 910 Ingham. Geo.T 911 Inman, Mrs. Solome 911 Innes, Adam 912 Innes, Colin A 913 Innes, Daniel 914 Innes, Jno. A 914 Innes, Judson K 915 Irvine, Charles N 915 Irvine. John M 916 Irvine, James W 915 Irvine, Robert M ... 917 Irvine, Washington 917 Irvine, William W 917 Tsbell, Wm. and John 918 Isbell, Philemon 918 Jackson, W. C 918 Jacoby.E.H 919 Jakway, S. Atwood 919 Jarvis,F.H 920 Jeffers, Moses, Jr 921 Jennings, Charles E •. 921 Jennings, Henry W 922 Jewell, S.H 923 Jillson, Amos 922 Johnson, Alfred 923 Johnson, Frank E 923 Johnson, George N 925 Johnson, H. F C26 Johnson, T.B.,M.D 926 Jones, Charles F 927 Jones. Henry 927 Jones.HenryU 928 Jones, Rev. John D 929 Jones, JohnF 929 Jones, Leonard W 929 Jones.S.0 930 Jones, Wm. H 930 Jones, Wm. Henry 931 Joralemon, Charles W 931 Joralemon, Joseph 931 Jump, H. D 932 > K Kane, Patrick 932 Keeler, Alanson L 932 Keeler, Ezra P 933 Keeler, John G 933 Keen, John A 934 Keen, Robert 934 Kelly, AugutusG 935 1316 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTV. Page. Kelley, C. A 936 Kelley, Curtis 935 Kellogg, Chas 936 Kellogg, Myron 937 Kendall, Ephraim B 937 Kendall, J. W 938 Kendall. Robert C 938 Kerwin Bros 938 Kerwin, James 938 Kiersted.C.F 939 Kilmer, George W 939 King, William H 940 Kingsbury, L. S 940 Kingsland, J. C 941 Kinney, G. A 941 Kinney, James 942 Kinney, John D 943 Kinsman, Dr. Hiram T 943 Kintner, W. H 943 Kintner, W. M 944 Kline, John W 945 Knapp, Benjamin F 945 Knapp, EdsonR 946 Knapp, Robert M 946 Kniffin, Orrin A 947 Kram, LinaF 948 Kram, William 948 Kramer, John M 948 Krise,G.F 949 .Kuykendall, Benjamin 949 Lafferty, C. S 950 Lamb, Harrison 951 Lamkin, Geo. A 951 Lamkin, James W 952 Lamphere, H 952 Landmesser, Frederick C 953 Landmesser, Peter B 954 Landon, Neuton 954 Lane, Rev. Alexander 955 Lane, Gustavus G 955 Lane, Stephen A 955 Lane, Wm. P 956 Laning, Robert H , 956 La',tz,Geo 957 Lantz, Lester R 957 Lantz, Mrs. Mary 958 Lantz, Peter 958 Lantz.W.L 9.->8 Laporte, Bartholomew 959 Laporte, Emily 959 Larkin, Michael J 959 Layman, Peter 959 Lee, John 960 Lee, Joseph P 960 Lee, Thomas A 961 Lees, James P 962 Lenox, DavidS 963 Lenox, Edward P 963 Lent.AbelK 964 Lent, Albert 963 Lent. Lewis T 964 Lent, Thornton F 965 Lentz, George W 965 Leonard, Henry S 966 Lewis, A. B 967 Lewis, C. J 968 Lewis, E. D 968 Lewis, Elmer F 969 Lewis, Evan 969 Lewis, Leonard 970 Lewis, W. S 971 Lilley, McKean 972 Lilley,MialE 972 Linderman, Jacob A 973 Lindley, Denton G 973 Lindley, Sheldon H 974 Loder, Anthony 975 Loewus, Nathan 975 Long, Alonzo 976 Long, Martha J 976 Long, Martin J 976 Page. Loomis, Frank ..- 977 Loomis, Milton O 977 Loomis, Noah 978 Loomis, Seth 978 Lowe, Fred 979 Loyd, William T 979 Lull, G.M 979 Lunn, George 980 Luther, Hiram D 981 LutheitfRoswell 981 Lynch, Hugh M 982 Lynch,JerryJ 982 Lynch, Thomas P 983 Lyon, Geo. F 984 Lyon, Oliver D 984 Lyon, Samuel 985 Lyon, S.W 986 Lyons, Isaac 986 M 987 McCabe, James McCabe, Hugh 987 McCabe, Richard 988 McCain, William W 989 McCallum, C. A 990 McOarty, James 990 McCraney. A. Douglas 991 McCraney, Henry W 991 McCraney, Albert B 992 McDonald, James... 992 McDonough, Michael J 993 McFaddin, Theodore L 993 Macfarlane, Edward 0 993 McKean, Arthur B 997 McKean, Henry B 997 McKee Brothers 999 McKee, Charles J 998 McKinney, A 994 McKinney, Huston 994 McKinney, Joseph 995 McMahon, Michael 996 McNulty, Michael J 995 McPherson, Isaiah 996 McQueen, John 1000 Madden, John ICOO Madill.H. J 1000 Madill, Thomas F., M. D 1002 Mallory, William M 1003 Maloney, Lawrence H 1004 Maney,JamesB 1004 Manley, Samuel N 1005 Manley. Ulysses J 1005 Mann.P. J 1006 Marr, James 1007 Marr.J.M 1007 Marsh, Joseph H 1003 Martin, Rev. James A 1003 Mason, Hiram 1010 Mason, James G 1010 Mason, Mary 101U Mason, Robert 1011 Mason, Walter 1011 Mather, James 1012 Mather, John 1012 Mather.John C 1013 Mather. William 1013 Mattocks, Nathaniel H 1013 Maxwell, Thomas 10)4 Maxwell, Wm 1015 Maxwell. William P 1014 May, D.Smith 1015 May,T.S 1016 May,WilliamH 1016 Maynard, F. M 1017 Maynard, H. F 1018 Mead, Charles F 1018 Meeks, Hiram B 1018 Melville, Andrew 1019 Mercur, John D., M. D 1019 Mercur, Rodney A 1020 Meredith,. John 1020 Merrill, H. A 1021 Middaugh, A. B 1022 INDEX. 1317 Page. Miller, Carroll E 1022 Miller, Frederick J 1023 Miller,F.W 1023 Miller, Louis J 1024 Miller, Sussel 1024 Miller, William W 1025 Mills, George B 1025 Mills, Silas 1026 Mitchell, Austin 1026 Mitchell, B. B 1027 Mitten, W. T 1028 Mitten, William 1028 Moger, Frederick A 1030 Monro, Geo. P 1030 Monroe, Alexander 1031 Monroe, Arthur B 1031 Montgomery, Martin 1031 Moody, Dr. Horace M 1032 Moody, Ulysses & Son 1033 Moore, Geo. H 1033 Morey.P.W 1034 Morgan, EnosW 1034 Morgan, Zophar L 1035 Morley, Dwight 1035 Morris, J. D 1036 Morris, Thomas J 1036 Morrow, Newton J 1037 Morse, C. T 1038 Moscrip, Rev. Geo 1038 Mosher, E. M 1039 Mosher, James S., M. D 1040 Mott, Rev. Abraham M 1040 Mott, Hiram K .1040 Mullen, Martin 1041 Mullen, Thomas 1041 Murdock, Alexander 1041 Murdock, George R '. 1042 Murray, John H 1042 Murrav, John R 1043 Myer,BerlinF 1044 Myer, Geo. V 1044 Myers, Wm. G 1045 Nash. A. J 1045 Newell, Daniel C 1046 Newell, E. J.. 1047 Newell, J. J 1047 Newell, Dr. J. K 1048 Newman, Albert S 1048 Newman, David C 1049 Newman, Henry T 1049 Nichols,C.F 1050 Nichols, James W 1051 Nicholson, P. H 1051 Noble,Geo.W 1051 o O'Brien, John 1052 Ochs, Joseph 1053 Oliver, Edwin C 1053 Ormsby, Sevellon S 1053 Osborn, Daniel G 1054 Osborne, W. H 1055 Ostrander, Chas 1055 Overfield,B.J 1056 Overton, Edward 1056 Overton, Lyman C 1059 Overton, Nelson 1059 Overton, Orenzo S 1059 Owen, Augustus 1060 Owen, Edward 1 060 Packard, Kileon 1061 Page.F.T 3061 Palmer, Chas 1063 Palmer. R.R 106^ Park, Benjamin 1062 Park, Charles F 1063 Park, D. F 1063 Park, Elias T 1064 Page. Park, Geo. B 1064 Park, Dr. Ira R 1065 Parks, Frank W 1066 Parks, Harry 1067 Parks, Isaac A 1067 Parks, William B 1068 Parsons, E. Ashmun 1068 Parsons, Jesse 1089 Parsons, Jno. A 1070' Parsons, J. W 1070 Partridge, Edward 1071 Passmore,J.E 1072 Paul, Thomas 1072 Payne, Edward D., M. D 1072 Pease, Joseph K 1075 Peck, Benj. M 1076 Peck. GeorgfsS 1077 Pendleton, Fred Albert 1078 Pendleton, Mrs. Lettie 1078 Pepper, Raymond 1078 Perry,R.N 1079 Pettes, Jno. F 1079 Phelps.Diton 1080 Phelps, Henry L 1080 Phelps, William H 1081 Phillips; H.F 1081 Phillips, Israel 1081 Piatt, JohnM 1082 Pickering, WiUiam R 1083. Pierce, E. Corodon 1083*., Pierce, F. H 1084 Pierce, Israel A 1085 Pierce, Noble Willis 1085 Pierce, Stephen 1086 Pierce, Theodore 1087 Pike, Frank 1087 Piollet, John 1092 Piollet, Joseph E 1091 Piollet, Louis 1 092 Piollet, Victor E 1088 Pitcher, Wilton L 1093 Plants, George 1094 Pomeroy, O. Burton 1094 Pomeroy, Samuel W 1095 Porter, A. B 1096 Porter, Clark B 1097 Porter, Jasper B 1097 Porter, Theodore F 1097 Porter, Uel C 1 098 Powell, Joseph 1099 Powers, Patrick 1101 Pratt, C. Manville, M. D 1102 Pratt, David S., M. D 1101 Fratt, D. Leonard . . , 1102 Pratt, Sophronus S 1102 Preston, Eben L 1103 Prince, L. D 1103 Prince,Miles 1104 Pritchard Jas. T 1105 Pultz, J. Scott 1105 Putnam, Edward W 1106 Putnam, Luman 1105 Putnam, Philander 1106 Q Quick, W. Clinton 1 107 Quick, Mrs. Elizabeth 1107 Quinlan, Edwin E., A. M 1107 E Rahm, John M 1109 Rake, Oliver B 1109 Randall, L. D 1110 Ransom, Miles F 1110 Raym nd, W. R 1111 Reed, Charles 1111 Relyea, Wm.... _ 1112 Reynolds, EzraE 1113 Reynolds, George F 1113 Reynolds. William S 1114 Rice, William 1114 Kichards, J. W 1115 Richards, Robert 1115 1318 HISTORY OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Page. Richards, Samuel Y 1116 Rinebold, Lewis 1117 Rinebold, Reuben 1118 Ring, J ohn 1118 Robbins, Orin G 1119 Robertson, J. W 1119 Robinson, Alphonso L 1120 Robinson, C.B U21 Robinson, Joel H 1121 Rockefeller, Mrs. Emeline 1122 RockefeUer, Robert 1122 Rockwell, Albert N 1123 Rockwell, Delos 1123 Rockwell, Edward 1124 Rockwell, Elmer A 1124 Rockwell, Gamage 1124 Rockwell, Hiram L 1125 Rockwell, Horace W 1125 Rockwell, John 1126 Rockwell, Joseph L H26 Rockwell, Oscar H., M. D 1127 Rockwell, Samuel A 1127 Rockwell, William A 1128 Rockwell, W. H 1128 RockweU, Willis N 1129 Rodgers, Mrs. Betsey J 1130 Rogers, Burr 1130 Rogers, Charles S., D. D. S 1130 Rogers, James C 1131 Rogers, John A 1131 Rogers, Orlando S 1131 Rolison, Henry C 1132 Roof, Joseph L 1132 Roof, Thomas J 1132 Ross, Albert S 1133 Ross, Charles H 1134 Ross, Deveilum 1135 Ross, Henry A 1134 Ross, William F 1135 Rowe, John H 1136 Rowe, Wm. S 113B Rowe, Walter V 1137 Rowley, Prof. E.Lincoln 1137 Ruff.A 1138 Rundell, David M 1138 Rundell, William S 1139 Russell. Asa 1139 Russell, Austin H 1113 Russell, Charles P 1140 Russell, C. S 1140 Russell, Daniel E 1143 Russell, Joseph P 1143 B.usseil, L. F 1144 Russell, Stephen C 1144 Sairs, Frank G 1145 Sanderson, JohnF 1145 Satterlee, C. H 1146 Satterlee. John F 1147 Savage, Albert W 1148 Saxe, Lewis 1149 Saxton, Adolphus 1149 Saxton, Charles H 1150 Saxton, Franklin 1150 Saxton, Oscar 1150 Saxton4 Solon J 1150 Saxton, Valentine (Granville township) . . .1150 Saxtou, Valentine (Troy township) 1151 Sayles, Charles G 1151 Scheufler, Reuben L.. 1153 Schoonover, J. H 1152 Schrader, J. M 1153 Schrier, Louis J 1153 Schuman, Michael F 1154 Scott,Chas 1154 Scott, Frank H 1155 -Scott, Winfleld 1155 Scovell, Harry 1155 Scovell. Silas M..' 1155 Seafuse, Samuel M H56 Sechrist, W. C 1 1 56 Seeley,H.C 1157 Sellard, I. R 1157 Page. Seward, M. P 1158 Sexton, Geo. W 1158 Shaw, Adelbert .....1158 Shaw, Henry 1160 Shaw, Uriah U59 Shepard 1160 Shepard, Morris 1163 Shepard, O'Meara 1164 Shepard, Dr. Samuel W 1163 Shepard, Dr. Silas E 1162 Sheridan, Robert E 1 164 Shiner, James W 1165 Shoemaker, Abram F 1165 Shores, Mahlon W 1166 Shortelle, Henry W 1166 Shuman, John A 1167 Shumway, Wm 1167 Sible, Henry R 1168 Sible, Mrs. H. R 1168 Silvara.A J 1169 Sims, Wm. R 1169 Sleeper, Charles J 1170 Sleeper, George B 1170 Slocum, John Jay 1171 Sluyter, Winfleld S 1171 Smiley, David 1172 Smith.AlvahC 1172 Smith, Cady 1173 Smith, CC 1173 Smith, ClarkH 1174 Smith, George G 1175 Smith.G. S 1176 Smith, J. H 1176 Smith, JohnM 1177 Smith, Lester S 1178 Smith, Prescott A , 1178 Smith, P. J..D.D.S 1178 Smith, W.A. and M. D 1179 Smith, W.H 1179 Snedeker, Augustus E 1180 Snyder, William (Sheshequin township) ...1180 Snyder, William (Tuscarora township) 1181 Soper, Collins W 1182 Soper.IsaacD 1183 Soper, John E ...1183 Soper, Walter S 1182 Spalding, Chester P 4 . 1183 Spalding, Horace M .11184 Spalding, Israel P 11184 Spalding, Joseph E 1(1185 Spencer, Elijah C 1186 Spencer, George P U87 Spencer, Horace 1187 Spencer, James E 1187 Sponslor, Frank H 1188 Squires, John D 1188 Squires, Levi S 1189 Squires Pembroke S 1190 Stalford, Frank R 1191 Stalford. W. H 1191 Steele, Charles W 1193 , Stephens, Alonzo R 1192 * Stephens, Ira H 1193 * Stethers, Samuel 1193 Stevens. Achatius 1194 Stevens,AsaS 1195 Stevens, Cyrus L 1195 Stevens, Ebenezer L 1196 Stevens, Elmer F 1196 Stevens, George W 1196 Stevens, Mrs. J. A 1200 Stevens, Jonathan B 1197 Stevens, Joel 1197 Stevens, Oliver W 1197 Stevens, Philander G 1199 Stevens, Silas W 1199 Stevens, Walter B 1196 Stevens. William V 1200 Stewart, Rev. John S., D. D 1200 S.tiles,H.A 1203 Stirton, James 1203 s-tone, Chas. R 1203 Stone, Wesley B 1203 Storrs, Jonas F 1204 INDEX. 1319 Page. Strauss, Alvin 12u4 Streby,. Frank 1 1205 Strickland, Chas. B 1205 Strong, Daniel 1206 Strong, James H 1206 Struble, James H 1206 Strunk, Jacob 1207 Strunk, Dr. Benjamin T 1208 Strunk, ZibaS 1209 Stuart, Andrew J 1209 Sullivan, Jqhn Q 1210 Sullivan, Stephen 1210 Summers, John H 1211 Summers, Mrs. John H 1211 Summers, Joab 1210 Summers, Mrs. Sallie 1210 Sumner, Archibald B 1212 Sumner, George 1211 Sumner, Jesse 1312 Sumner, P. H 1212 Swartwood, Luther.... 1213 Swayze, Alden 1213 Swayze, Alden Jr 1213 Sweet, DaUasJ 1214 Sweet, James Theron 1214 T Taylor, Fred 1215 Taylor, George F 1215 Taylor, Harris Browning 1216 Taylor, Hiram P 1217 Taylor, HolUs H 1216 Taylor, James A 1218 Taylor, John M .' .1218 Taylor,J.H 1217 Taylor.J.R 1219 Taylor.J.W 1219 Taylor, Luman D 1220 Taylor, Orlando 1220 Taylor, Volney.:...., 1221 Tears, Lewis H 1221 Teed, W.I 1222 Templeton, Hugh 1222 Terrv^James ....1223 ThoHis, Alex. H 1223 Thifci, Hiram W 1224 Tbjfas. John W 1224 Tb«ias, Morgan 1225 TmmsB, Rev. Thomas 1225 TfDmas, Thomas F 1225 Thompson, Burleigh 1227 Thompson, Charles C • 1227 ^Thompson, Charles W 1228 •Thompson, E. M 1228 Thompson, John B 1229 Thomson, George H 1229 Thornton, Frank 1230 Towner, Harry L 1232 Towner, Joseph 1230 Towner, Washington J231 Townsend, S. G 1233 Tozer, Julius 1233 Tozer, Ralph 1234 Tracy, Albert O 1335 Tracy, Charles L 1235 Tracy, Elijah G., M. D 1236 Tracy, Edwin P 1239 Tracy,Geqrge P., M. D 1236 Tracy, Henry C i«g° Tracy, Henry W 1A» Tracy, James G l~g« Tracy, WiUiam 1239 Trippe, J. Henry •¦ 1240 Trippe, Mrs. Florence V 1240 Turner, J. C...... \*f Tuton, Edmund M 1241 Tuttle, Joseph W l**l u Underwood, William 1243 Upham, Levi W 1*M Upson, William l*«s V Page. Vandemark, John B 1244 Vanderpool, Daniel . . 1244 Vanderpool, Nelson 1244 Vandyke, George H 1245 Vandyke, James 1246 Van Fleet, Charles G 1053 Van Fleet, J. P 1246 Van Gorder, Daniel 1247 Van Horn, Luther C 1247 Van Loan, Frank E 1248 Vanuoy, Jacob R ...1249 Vannoy, John J 1249 Van Wert, John A 1250 Van Woert, Samuel 1250 Varguson, C. H 1251 Varney, Ira 1252 Vaughan, Edward W '. 1252 Vaughn, James C 1253 Verbeck, Uri N 1254 Von Wolffradt, Henry 1251 Voorhis, Greeley P 1255 Voorhis, William E 1255 Vought, Frank M 1356 W Walcott, Amos P 1256 Waldo, H. Eugene 1257 Waldron, Joseph G 1258 Waldron, WUliamN 1258 Walker, Charles W 1258 Walker, Edmund L 1259 Walker, Zephon F 1259 Warburton, George W. T 1262 Ward,O.P 1262 Warner, Draper N 1263 Warner, JohnM 1263 Warner,M.S 1263 Warren, Charles 1264 Waterman, Ezekiel N 1265 Watkins, A 1265 Watkins, Mial 1266 Watkins, WilliamB 1266 Watson, Nelson S : 1267 Watson, Theo 1255 W attles, John Mason 1267 Wattles, Sara Pierce 1267 Watts, A. E 1268 Watts, Thomas M 1268 Weaver, J. N 1269 Webb, James H 1269 Webb, John J 1270 Weigester, WiUiam 1271 Welch, C. H 1271 Weller, Artemus 1271 Weller, Nathan V 1272 Welles, N. A. . . : 1273 WeUes, Raymond M 1273 Welles, Charles Page 1274 Wells, Charles 1274 Wells, J. M 1275 Wells, Levi 1276 Wells, Markle C 1277 Wells, S. M 1278 Westbrook, John S 1278 Westgate, O. B 1279 Wetherbee, G. W 1280 Wheatley, William 1280 Wheaton, Mrs . Augusta S 1281 Wheaton, Frank M 1281 Wheaton, Samuel A 1281 Wheaton, Seymour M 1281 Wheeler, Ensign W 1282 Whitaker, Harrison L 1282 White, Charles E 1283 Whitney, Andrew J 1283. Wickizer, George 1284 Wigstein, William J 1284 Wilcox, George W 1285 Wilcox.JohnL 1285 Wilcox, Lucinda M 1286 Wilcox, S. A 1287 Willcox, Freeman N 1287 1320 HISTORV OF BRADFORD COUNTY. Page. Willey^ G. H 1288 Williams.A. D 12S8 Williams, Frank 1289 Williams,H.N 1289 Williams, John 1290 Wilmot, B. G 1290 Wilson, Erastus 1291 Wilson, Reuben 1292 Wilson, Stephen F .....1293 Winston, Morgan L ; 1292 Wolcqtt, Leland 0 1293 Wolcott, T. D :1293 Wolf.HoraceL 1294 Wolf,,Nelson 1294 Wolf, Renselear 1295 Wolfe, Geo. H 1295 Wolfe, Horace 1295 Wolfe, HoseaC 1296 Wolfe, JohnH 1295 Wolfe, Peter 1296 Wood, Beebe W 1297 Wood, Chas. C.'. 1297 Page. Wood, CM 1298 Wood, Francis 1298, Wood,J.M 1299 Woodburn, Skiles M., M. D 1299 Woodin. Allen 1299 Woodruff, Geo. E 1300 Woodruff, Wil iam W 1300 Wooster, Afton M 1300 Wortendyke, Andrew 1301 Wright, Raymond H 1302 Wrght,Wm. S 1302 Y York, Manassah M 1303 York, Simeon A 1303 Young, Edward B 1304 Young,. John M 1305 Young, Robert •. 1305 Young, Wm. W .1305 Z Zeller, Alfred D 1306 m