The

• *

1862-1865 OF
Charles H. Lynch, 18 th Conn* Vol's.

D

ftrrthe-foHmting if a-Co/legt in t/tisjCelenf

Presented by the Author

With the compliments of
Charles H. Lynch,
Hartford, Conn.

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Charles H. Lynch
1862

The Civil War Diary
1862-1865

OF

Charles H. Lynch, 18th Conn. Vol's.

Privately printed
Cc34-7S3

The Case, Lock-mood &> Bramard Co.,
Hartford, Conn.

DURING the spring and summer of 1862 the war
fever was running very high. Great excite
ment prevailed. Darkness and gloom seemed
to cover the country. Men were urged to enlist, go to
the war, and help save the country. It was preached
from the pulpits, printed by the press, talked about at
great war meetings that were held by day and nights.
Business at times was suspended. Drums and fifes were
heard continuously being paraded through the streets and
followed by men and boys. Churches were open in
country towns, giving men an opportunity to enlist.
Mr. Isaac H. Bromley, City Editor of the Norwich
Morning Bulletin, at a great war meeting held at
Breed's Hall, had enlisted to go to the war. He came
out with a card in the Bulletin asking one hundred
young men to go with him and organize a company for
the 1 8th Regiment that was forming at the time.
On the evening of August 6th, 1862, I visited the
recruiting office with my mind fully made up to enlist
for the war and go in Bromley's company.
On the 1 2th the members were requested to meet at
the recruiting office at 1 P. M. to form company and
march to the fair grounds where camp had been located.
Distance about two. miles. At 2 P. M. with drum and
fife we began our march to the camp. Cheers greeted
us all along the line of march.
The camp was known as Camp Aiken, so named in
honor of General Aiken, son-in-law of Connecticut's war

Governor, William A. Buckingham. \ At camp we were
assigned two rows of tents, mattresses and army blankets
included. After the medical examination, uniforms
were given to us. Then began the life of a real soldier,
learning how to march and drill and also doing guard
duty. ^
A meeting of the company was called to elect officers.
Isaac H. Bromley was elected Captain, Samuel T. C.
Merwin, a lawyer, ist Lieutenant, Henry F. Cowles,
2nd Lieutenant. In due time we were selected as color
company, also known as Company C. It was considered
a very great honor to be the color company of a regi
ment. With cheers and congratulations we pledged our
selves to be true and to carry the flags with honor. We
are now getting the new experience of a soldier's life in
camp. August 17th. Sunday in camp. Most of the mem
bers of the regiment were allowed to leave camp and
visit homes and the city. It would be our last Sunday
in the state. I was detailed for guard duty and could
not leave camp. Many visitors in camp during the day.
I was on duty two hours and off four during the day and
night. August 18th. Monday. Regiment mustered into
the United States service, William G. Ely, Colonel, hav
ing been promoted from Lieutenant-Colonel of the 6th
Connecticut Regiment. A resident of Norwich. The
remaining days in camp brought many visitors and
peddlers. Those were sad and very exciting days while
we were preparing for the life of a soldier. The weather
hot and dry in camp.
August 22d. Friday. Early this morning great
crowds began to arrive in camp as we were to leave for

the war. About 10 A. M. a large delegation of Nor
wich ladies came into camp with fine flags, National and
State, which they presented to the regiment, Governor
Buckingham making the presentation for the ladies
from whom the flags came. The flags were received by
Colonel Ely and then turned over to the color-sergeants
who had been selected to carry them. Then assigned to
Company C, our company. This event over, the regi
ment broke ranks.
About 3 P. M. the regiment broke camp, formed in
line, and began our march to the city. Business was sus
pended. Great crowds lined the streets as the regiment
marched along. Near five hundred young men from
Norwich were in the regiment, leaving home for the life
of a soldier in the great war. It was a very sad day in
old Norwich. The boys marched on, going on board
the large, fine steamer City of Boston, of the New York
and New London Line. Many sad farewells :as we
marched on board the boat. The Norwich Brass Band
volunteered its services as far as New York. About 7
P. M. the boat left the dock, going slowly down the
Thames River. The music by the band, cheering by the
people, roaring of cannons, and the great crowds made
a scene that could not be forgotten. As the steamer
rounded a bend in the river our view of Norwich was
cut off and the shades of night were coming on. The
lights of New London began to show up. Passing on,
the steamer was soon out into Long Island Sound.
August 23d. Very little sleep on board the boat
last night. Passing around New York the boat landed
at Pier No. 2, North River, at about 6 A. M. The trans
port steamer Kill-von-Kull was at the pier waiting for
us. Marched across the pier on board to the music of
7

the band. When all were on board the Kill-von-Kull,
the City of Boston sailed away and with it the band.
The last tune we heard the band play was " The Girl I
Left Behind Me," and the strains in the distance com
ing across the water to us were " Home, Sweet Home."
The Kill-von-Kull soon got under way. Reported
that we were going to Elizabethport, N. J. It proved
to be a very pleasant trip. The weather fine. We were
saluted by passing boats and the people along the shores.
Late in the day we arrived in Elizabethport, safe and
sound. We found a long train of cars waiting for us.
All railroad lines leading to Washington were crowded
with troops hurrying on in response to the President's
call for three hundred thousand more men.
August 24th. Sunday. It was after eight o'clock
last night before the train got under way. At midnight
we passed through Harrisburg, Penn. The night very
dark. Did not get much sleep. A slow, tiresome jour
ney. Passed through York, on over the state line into
Maryland. Soldiers are on guard along the railroad.
The train moved along very slowly, making many stops.
About noon-time arrived in Baltimore. The regiment
soon formed in line and marched through the city, stop
ping at the Soldier's Rest on Camden Street, where
dinner was served, bread, salt-beef, and coffee. Then
waited for transportation to Washington. Late in the
day orders were received to report at Fort McHenry for
duty, and relieve the 48th New York Regiment. A
march of four miles. That put our regiment in the 8th
Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, General John E.
Wool, Commander, Brigadier N. W. Morris, com
manding the fort.

August 25th. After a short drill by officers of the
48th Regiment, I was detailed for guard duty. A large
number of Confederate prisoners were confined in one
of the old buildings near which I was posted. That kind
of duty I did not like. It had to be done.
The fort was located on a point of land extending
out into the Patapsco Bay. A high stone wall from water
to water enclosed it. Company drill during the fore
noon, battalion drill and dress parade in the afternoon,
and all other duties incident to camp life had to be done
as each day came along. By our stopping at the fort
we escaped the battle of Antietam, at which time we had
to do extra duty and be ready to march at any time, if
wanted. September Ist. The fort was historic ground. The
flag flying over it caused Mr. Key to write the song
"The Star-spangled Banner," in 1814. Many British
shells and solid shot were piled up in the fort as relics.
After the battle of Antietam many rebel prisoners were
brought to the fort to remain as prisoners of war until
exchanged. Sympathetic friends from Baltimore were
allowed to visit them giving them supplies and en
couragement. A camp for sick and wounded Union soldiers was
located in the enclosure. No notice was taken of them.
That was more than the Connecticut boys could stand
for. A raid was made on the Baltimoreans, they were
run out of the fort, the supplies confiscated and given to
the disabled Union soldiers who were in need of some
comforts. Fort McHenry was like being in prison. We
were not allowed outside of the walls. We had quite a
number of callers from Connecticut. They were always

welcome. Citizens were allowed passes to enter the
grounds. October Ist. I was detailed with twenty members of
our company under the command of Lieutenant Merwin
to take boats and to row to a long bridge over a branch
of the Patapsco River, there to remain on guard duty
for ten days. It was about eight miles from the fort. It
proved to be a picnic for us. Our duty was to guard the
bridge. When off duty we tramped through the country
for miles. It was a fine fruit section of Maryland. We
bathed in the fine, clear salt water and white sandy
beach. The ten days passed quickly when we were re
lieved and obliged to report to our company at the old
fort, when we resumed our duty of various kinds, drill
ing and guard duty, also keeping the camp clean.
Our rations remained the same from day to day,
fresh beef, salt beef, pork, hard-tack, and soft bread.
Our supper remained the same every night, a cup of
black coffee, a plate of boiled rice with very black
molasses, called by the boys coal tar, two slices of soft
bread. We became so tired of rice that we could not
eat it.
October 2Qth. Marching orders received. Our last
day and night at Fort McHenry. Great rejoicing over
the prospect of leaving the old place. Packing up and
getting ready for an early start on the morrow. Singing
and very happy in camp.
October 30th. Camp fires were kept burning very
late last night. The boys are singing, dancing, making
speeches, and having a very merry old time. All seem
happy. This morning the regiment formed in line for
our march out of the old fort. When outside of the walls
cheering began as the happy boys went marching on.
10

The regiment made a fine appearance as they marched
through Baltimore. Every man seemed to be trying to
do his best. Stopping for a rest in one of the streets, a
grocer treated us to apples. Citizens cheered us as we
marched along. Passed through Baltimore on out to
the east side, going into camp near Fort Marshall on
Snake Hill. Camp being established it was named
Emory in honor of the General. Seven companies sent
out for guard duty along the Baltimore & Philadelphia
Railroad. Bridges had been set on fire at times. There
was much sympathy for the South in Maryland. Com
panies A, B, and C remained in camp. Regimental
headquarters a pleasant location for a camp. Guard
duty, drilling, dress parade, with an occasional tramp
through the country on skirmish drill was about the
daily routine of duty, weather permitting. One of the
very pleasant things about camp life was the writing and
receiving of letters.
Our duty at Camp Emory was not very laborious.
Allowed to visit the city quite often on passes. After
Sunday morning inspection no more duty required of us
until dress parade. Guard duty must be done all the
time. November. The most important event was our first
Thanksgiving in camp. Passed very pleasantly. A
good dinner, with games of foot and base-ball. The
day closing with dress parade. Many visitors from
Baltimore and some from Connecticut. The weather
during November was very fine for camp life. Barracks
were built for winter quarters to take the place of tents.
December. Much cold rain and snow-storms.
Near our camp was a great neighborhood for pigs. They
were allowed to roam about, running through our camp.
11

Colonel warned the people to keep them out. It did
no good. Colonel shot one, wounding it. Members of
our company captured and dressed it. Company C had
fresh pork for dinner. The owner tried to collect pay.
The Colonel promised if the pigs were kept out of camp
for two weeks he would pay. In less than three days the
pigs were in camp again.
The routine for each day. Roll call at 6 A. M.
Breakfast at 7. Guard mount, 8.30. Company drill, 9
to 11. Dinner, 12. Battalion drill, 2 to 4. Clean up for
dress parade at 5 P. M. Supper at 6. Roll-call, 9.
Taps, 9.30. On guard duty every other day and night.
Much sympathy in this vicinity for the South. Rail
roads are kept well guarded.
December 30th. Marching orders. Reported the
rebel cavalry leader J. E. B. Stuart about to raid into
Maryland along the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The
three companies of our regiment and other troops here
are suddenly ordered out on the line of the B. & O. R. R.
Left camp tonight in a warm rain storm.
December 31st. We passed a very uncomfortable
night in old dirty box cars. After a ride of sixty miles
we reached a station known as Monrovia very early in
the morning, just before daylight. Pickets were soon
posted on the roads crossing the railroad. A sharp look
out was kept. After daylight we took possession of a
small Quaker church and sheds for our quarters. We
were obliged to, as we did not have any tents. Started
off in light marching order. Most of the inhabitants
were Quakers, very fine people. Kind to us. The warm
rain turned to snow with freezing weather, making us
feel very uncomfortable for picket duty.

12

i863
January Ist. When off picket duty try to keep com
fortable by the picket fires and chopping wood for the
large camp fire just outside the church. No place in
the church for fires.
January 2d. Late last night, our second night out,
pickets began firing. We were called out and soon had
line formed. The supposed enemy proved to be Union
scouts with orders for the Colonel to return to Balti
more. The enemy did not come into Maryland. The
command was complimented for the way it turned out
into line ready for duty. This morning, in line by the
railroad waiting for the train. After a long wait in the
cold the dirty train of box cars came along which we soon
boarded. On to Baltimore. Arriving in the city, ordered
to the west end, going into camp in Stuart's woods. A
surprise and disappointment as we expected to return to
Camp Emory, our good quarters, in good warm barracks.
Many disappointments come to soldiers.
In our camp was located Battery L, 5th U. S. Regu
lars. The battery boys did not like being inside the
guard line of volunteers. Would run the guard line,
making trouble for us. A sergeant of the battery, under
the influence of drink, attempted to run the guard. Was
halted, grabbed the sentinel's musket, resulted in the ser
geant's being badly wounded. The wooden plug in the
muzzle, with the bullet, passed through the sergeant's
body. He was not killed. (After a time he recovered.)
After that event the battery boys and the 18th Regiment
were friends. All were sorry over the event. No one
blamed the sentinel. Cold rain and snow making the
life of a soldier a very disagreeable one in tents, sleep-
13

ing on the ground. Deep mud and very sticky all
through our camp.
January 6th. Last night, while on guard duty, I was
taken suddenly ill. Had to be relieved from duty.
Placed in an old barn, used for a field hospital, with a
leaky old roof, the rain coming down on me. Colonel,
I was informed, came to the barn, saw my condition,
ordered me carried to a general hospital known as
Stuart's Mansion, afterward named the Jarvis Hospital,
at the west end of Baltimore. At the hospital I was ex
amined by a surgeon who pronounced my illness typhoid
fever and the pleurisy. I was placed in Ward 4. I was
very ill. My side was cupped for the pleurisy. Re
ceived good care from the nurses, one woman and four
men, two by day and night. My comrades of Company
C called on me quite often until the company was
ordered to Fort Marshall at the east end of Baltimore,
about five miles from the Hospital. In good quarters.
All were very sorry I could not be with them. While in
the hospital the officers of the company called on me. I
also received a call from our good Governor Bucking
ham. Promised friends at home that he would call on
me, see that I was having good care. His home was in
Norwich. I told the Governor that I had no fault to find and
for him to tell the folks at home that I was receiving
good care. Also received calls from Mrs. Henry Bing
ham, the wife of a comrade of our company and an old
friend at home. Comrade Bingham was very ill in the
same hospital with me. On the wall, at the head of our
beds, was a card with our name, company, and regiment.
The loyal people of Baltimore often visited the hospital.
furnishing entertainment for the patients in songs and
14

recitations. Was very much enjoyed and appreciated as
the time dragged slowly along.
April. Having been an .inmate in the hospital for
three months, at my own request, I was allowed to join
my company, located at Fort Marshall, east end of Bal
timore. Reported to Lieutenant Merwin, commanding
company. He would not allow me to go on duty.
Wished me to remain at Regimental Hospital for a
while until I could get stronger.
April 29th. Our company was ordered for guard
duty to guard the railroad bridge over the Gunpowder
River, on the Baltimore & Philadelphia Road. A very
pleasant change and much enjoyed in the fine early
spring weather. The fishing and sailing were fine.
Many boats at that point we were allowed to use. Many
attempts had been made to burn the bridge. It had to be
kept well guarded. (It was later destroyed by rebel
guerillas making a raid through Maryland.)
May 20th. We remained here until this date hav
ing the finest of times, when orders were received to pack
up and report to the regiment at Fort Marshall. Orders
having been received for the regiment to report to Gen
eral Robert H. Milroy at Winchester, Virginia.
May 22d. We bid farewell to Fort Marshall and
Baltimore. Marched across the city to the Camden
Street railway station, Baltimore and Ohio R. R. After
a long wait a train of box cars ready to receive us, into
which we were packed and started on our journey. A
slow tiresome ride in the old cars.
May 23d. After an uneventful ride we arrived at
Sandy Hook at four o'clock this morning, getting our
first view of the Potomac River. Orders received to turn
out and form in line for a march. The road was along
15

the side of the Ohio and Chesapeake Canal, under the
Maryland Heights. The march continued on over the
iron railroad bridge crossing the Potomac River into
Harper's Ferry. Here we first put foot on what was
called the sacred soil of Virginia. Harper's Ferry was
historical ground. Here John Brown started an insur
rection to liberate the slaves. Our march through the
town was by way of Shenandoah Street, then by file
left into a large open lot in town. Here we prepared our
breakfast. Later we were allowed to visit the town and
the points of interest. The old brick fire-engine house,
known as John Brown's Fort was one of the points of
interest. Saw where the bricks had been knocked out for
port-holes to fire through. A government arsenal had
been located here. Destroyed by the rebels, only the old
walls remained standing. Some severe fighting had
taken place in this side hill town. At 5 P. M. we left
the town on the march for Winchester. After a march
of eight miles camped for the night in woods. Not be
ing strong, after my illness, I was obliged to fall out by
the roadside. Lieutenant Merwin wished me to return
to the hospital. I answered no, I would rather die in
the field, I wanted to stay with the boys. The Lieuten
ant was very kind to me, he taking my knapsack and the
boys my equipment. After a short rest and a bath in a
brook I was able to follow on, finding the regiment in
camp for the night near Charlestown.
May 24th. After a night's rest and breakfast I was
very much improved, taking my place in the company.
We left the camp at 6 A. M. Sunday morning with
drums and fifes, to the tune of Old John Brown, which
was kept up until we passed through the town. In this
town John Brown had been tried and hung, which event
16

had become history. The town was pleasantly located
but showed the effects of the war by its ruined buildings.
The scenery was fine looking up the valley. The march
continued on towards Berryville, a hot dusty one. It
caused many of the boys to fall out by the roadside.
After a march of about ten miles we camped for the
night near Berryville.
May 2^th. Again on the march after an early
breakfast. Marched in good order through the town, by
music of the drum corps. The town is an old Virginia
one. Many old buildings, some showing the effects of
the war. Reaching the center of town, filed to the right,
going west, on the Winchester Pike. On the march we
were obliged to ford three small rivers, or creeks, as the
natives called them. Passed a number of large mansions.
Many small outhouses, the homes of slaves in prosper
ous times. We surely are now in the enemy's country.
In conversation with the natives we would try and keep
them talking, on account of their peculiar dialect. We
never could find out how far it was to the next town, in
miles. The answer would be " Right smart aways, I
reckon." After a tiresome march we reached the town
of Winchester late in the afternoon. After a halt in the
town for a while, until the Colonel could report to the
Commander, General Milroy, we again were on the
march, out the south side of the town, to locate camp
about two miles from town.
On the Front Royal Pike at the Shawnee Springs. A
fine supply of good cold water. The location was fine
and the camp was known as Camp Shawnee. Severe
duty began right away. Picket, scouting through the
country, working on the fort and rifle pits, with axe, pick,
and shovel. The large fort was known as the Star Fort
2 17

Many of the boys had never used or handled that kind of
tools. It was hard work. After a hard day's work came
the march back to camp, a distance of about four miles.
Then clean up and get something to eat. Various duty
came to us each day. Made out to get some pleasure out
of the life of a soldier as the days passed by.
May 30th. The regiment, with cavalry escort,
ordered up the valley. After a march of ten miles came
to a halt at Newtown. Muskets stacked along the main
street. The cavalry continued to advance with flag of
truce. After a few hours' wait the cavalry returned
and with them were some poor people who were ordered
out of the rebel lines. They were Union people, mostly
women and children. They were nearly famished and
were known as refugees. Their faces brightened up
when they saw us and the flags. We divided our rations
with them and made coffee for them. We guarded them
back to Winchester. Later on they were sent North.
Not very much change in our line of duty from day to
day. Scouting, picket duty, working on the forts and
rifle pits which kept us very busy.
June nth. Orders received to prepare for three
days' scouting up the valley. A sharp lookout must be
kept for the enemy through the valley and the mountain
passes. Tonight we have three days' rations all prepared
for an early start on the morrow.
June I2th. All is ready for our scouting trip,
rations, with a good supply of ammunition, and equip
ment all in good condition. Tonight finds us still in
camp, ready to start.
June 13th. Turned out very early this morning.
Waiting for orders to march. While waiting for orders
our cavalry scouts are coming in, reporting the enemy
18

coming down the valley in force. Somewhat of a sur
prise, they having come through the mountain passes in
the night, making a forced march. While near the
Colonel's quarters I saw a scout coming, almost flying,
down the pike. Jumped his horse over a stone fence that
surrounded our camp. Headed straight for the Colo
nel's tent. Without any ceremony rushed in, informed
the Colonel the enemy was almost upon us. I ran to
the Colonel's quarters and heard the report. With a
shout the Colonel called out " Fall in, fall in, double
quick." We soon formed in line, ready for orders. Left
our camp on double quick time to meet the enemy. They
opened fire on us and our camp with a battery well
posted on a high hill about one mile from our camp.
We held them in check for a while when orders came
for us to fall back and take position in the line of battle
that had been formed near the town. In the meantime
the enemy had taken possession of our camp with all its
equipage and our knapsacks that contained all our be
longings, making a great loss to every man. The sudden
appearance of so large a force was a surprise. We were
under fire all day and were obliged to change our posi
tion at different points to meet the enemy, who were try
ing to get into Winchester. It was plainly seen that a
large force of Confederates were surrounding the town
and that we were in a bad fix, as we could see the gray in
all directions and knew that we were more than out
numbered. June 14th. Last night our position was changed
from the south to the east side of the town, on the Berry
ville road. The night was a very dark, stormy one, with
severe lightning and thunder. We were wet through.
Not allowed fires as it might draw the enemy's fire.
19

Passed a very uncomfortable night. This morning, at
daylight, our position was again changed, extending our
lines further towards the north, under fire from the
enemy as we attempted to enter the rifle pits. In the
movement Lieutenant Merwin commanding our com
pany was wounded in the foot.
The enemy had possession of a large brick house a
short distance in front of our position in the pits. Their
sharpshooters made it hot for us. A charge on the house
was ordered. The enemy ran, but we captured a few
prisoners. Later in the day the rebs again took posses
sion of the house making it hot for us in the pits. We
had to lie low or zip would come a bullet, and at times
many of them. Colonel ordered a section of a battery.
Two guns putting a few shells through the house, the
enemy left it. No more trouble came from that point,
the house was ruined. About 6 P. M. General Milroy
called in all his forces and formed them around the
Star Fort, the largest fort. A fierce battle came on. It
was a hot place. The roaring of the big guns, explosion
of shells, rattling of musketry, was something fearful.
The charging of both sides was hot work. We drove
the enemy back and they also forced our lines back.
Darkness put an end to the carnage and I had passed
through the battle unharmed. The end of the second
day. The casualties were great as I could not help
seeing. It gave me an opportunity to see what a horrible
thing war really was. We were fighting Jackson's old
corps, now commanded by General Ewell, reported to
number forty thousand.
June 15th. Last night we were under arms, ready
for a call to duty at any moment. Prisoners report that
Ewell has about forty thousand men with eighty cannon
20

under his command. While in the fort waiting for
orders we talked over the events that might happen when
daylight came. About 2 A. M. we silently marched
out of the Star Fort to the Martinsburg Pike. The
movement was very slow which kept us guessing, won
dering what was in store for us. When out on the road
about four miles, just at break of day, at Carter's Farm,
near Summit station on the Harper's Ferry & Winches
ter Railroad, the enemy opened a fierce fire upon us. The
cavalry were to the right of us, marching in fours or
parallel to the infantry lines. They broke and ran
through our lines, causing much confusion. While we
were re-forming, the enemy kept up a severe fire on us.
They were well posted across a deep railroad cut. A
case of ambush, waiting in the dark for us, having a
good range of the pike. Our regiment soon had line
formed, with the 5th Maryland on our left. Ordered
to charge on the battery which the enemy had well
posted and supported. Charging through the woods and
the severe firing of the enemy, our lines became broken,
when we were ordered to fall back and re-form. The
second charge in the woods on the battery. We were
again ordered to fall back and re-form. The 18th Con
necticut was now the only regiment left on the field with
General Milroy. After a short drill by our Colonel,
under fire all the time, I heard him report to the General
that he was now ready for orders. Our company, C, being
center and color company, the Colonel's position was right
in our rear, so that we heard all his orders, even in battle.
The Lieutenant-Colonel and the Major were on the right
and left of the regiment to repeat orders. The 18th Con
necticut Regiment made the third and last charge unsup
ported, all others having left the field. We held the
enemy in check until the General, his staff, and escort,
21

left the field, guided by scouts through fields, on to
Harper's Ferry. That was a hot fight in that early June
morning. The cannon and musketry firing was a grand
and awful sight to us young fejlows, who were getting
our first lessons in a real battle, a hard one and against
great odds.
Coming out of the woods after the third and final
charge, our Major Peale directed us to go to the right
and get away. I followed his orders. For some reason,
best known to himself, the Colonel ordered a halt and
a surrender to the enemy, when he and between four
and five hundred were made prisoners. Major Peale
and between two and three hundred got away. I was
one of those who followed the Major and reached
Harper's Ferry after a long and tedious march. Tired
and discouraged, we dropped to the ground for rest and
sleep. Our regiment was badly broken up. Many
killed, wounded, and prisoners. The trials of the past
few days were something fearful to endure. It was won
derful that we came out as well as we did. Short of
rations, sleeping on the ground. Cool nights follow the
hot days. On the march through Charlestown. Saw the
Confederate cavalry on the Berryville Pike. In case of
an attack we are ready. While marching on to Hall-
town a force of cavalry came to meet us from Harper's
Ferry. Stopped for the night on Bolivar Heights.
In the battle I lost my pocket-book, containing over
five dollars with gold pen and silver pen-holder. We
were obliged to fill our pockets with cartridges. As they
were loose we used them first, so must have pulled my
pocket-book out in the excitement.
June l6th. Up very early this morning. All Major
Peale could muster of the 18th Regiment was only thirty
members. The rest of those who escaped were with
22

Captain Matthewson, they taking a different route from
Major Peale who followed the route taken by General
Milroy. After breakfast of hardtack and coffee, the Major
marched us on through Harper's Ferry, crossing the
Potomac River on a pontoon bridge. On, up Maryland
Heights, halting under low pine trees, well up to the
top of the Heights. Here we were allowed to remain
for rest and sleep. General Dan Tyler, a Connecticut
man, was in command of a large force at this point.
From the top of the Heights we could see the enemy
crossing the Potomac River at Williamsport into Mary
land. Our detachment was detailed for headquarters
guard at the quarters of General Tyler. The duty was
easy and made very interesting about all the time.
June 20th. Scouts brought in many prisoners. All
were obliged to report to the General at headquarters.
I very often heard the conversation. One question
always asked. " Whose command do you belong to? "
While on duty at the General's headquarters we received
a call from two citizens from our home town, Norwich,
Dr. Charles M. Carleton and Henry H. Starkweather.
Came to learn all the particulars about our regiment's
part in the three days' battle at Winchester. There was
much excitement at home over the results. A full report
had not been received. The casualties at this time were
not really known. We were questioned as to what we
knew about the disaster that had overtaken our regiment.
Those of us who escaped received many letters from
home asking for information about members of the regi
ment. At this time the regiment was well scattered,
prisoners, a detachment reported at Hancock, Md., and
ours at Maryland Heights. 23

June 24th. Orders received from General Hooker
to evacuate the Maryland Heights. All supplies and
munitions that could be moved loaded on canal boats and
taken to Washington by way of the Ohio & Chesapeake
Canal. Great quantity of stores was left, salt beef, pork,
beans, rice, coffee, and sugar. Some of it was gathered
up by people from Harper's Ferry. A guard was sent
with the boats but most of the troops were ordered to
join the Army of the Potomac on its march up through
Maryland to meet the Confederates who seem to be
pushing on up into Pennsylvania. Our detachment was
sent on guard with the canal boats. We left on the last
two boats. There were about thirty in all. The rebels,
under the cavalry leader J. E. B. Stuart, captured the
first fifteen boats. After helping themselves to the sup
plies the boats were burned up. We passed the boats
that had been destroyed. It took us two days and one
night to complete the trip, a distance of sixty miles.
Left the boats at Georgetown, then marched through the
town to Tenallytown, going into camp. At the time our
brigade consisted of the 12th West Virginia, the 5th
Maryland, and our detachment. These regiments hav
ing been with us at Winchester and had lost many
members. July 5th. Left camp very early this morning. A
heavy downpour of rain. Passed through Georgetown,
on through Washington. The mud in Pennsylvania
Avenue was ankle deep. Marching very hard and dis
agreeable, so much so that we were obliged to take off
our leggins and throw them away. Our first time in
Washington. Boarded a train at the B. & O. R. R.
station, going north. Nothing important taken place.
At the Relay House, near Baltimore, train switched to
24

the west bound track. After a long tedious ride we
reached the Monocacy Junction, thence to Frederick
City, where we left the train and began a march out on
the South Mountain Road, passing New York's crack
regiment, the 7th, on picket duty. Stopped at the top of
South Mountain.
July Jth. Near where General Reno fell, during the
battle of Antietam. Passed down the west side of the
mountain into the Antietam country, becoming a part
of the 3d Corps, Army of the Potomac, General French
commanding, taking part in the battle of Boonsborough,
and supporting the cavalry at the battle of Falling
Waters. Both armies are back in Maryland from the
battle of Gettysburg.
July IOth. Continual skirmishing going on with
the rebs between Sharpsburg and Hagerstown, Mary
land. Reported that General Lee is trying to cross the
Potomac River into Virginia. We are either skirmish
ing or changing our position most of the time so that we
are kept on the go about all the time and most of the
movements are at double quick time. The most impor
tant subject under discussion is, " Why doesn't Meade
attack Lee? " as we have a number of regiments here
who were not at Gettysburg, having come as reinforce
ments. July 14th. General Lee and the rebel army have
crossed the Potomac River into Virginia. I saw a num
ber of prisoners who were taken at the river. They in
formed us that we were too late, Lee was pushing up the
valley. We are again on the march, going south, up and
over the South Mountain. A hot, hard, dusty march as
we go pushing along. A soldier's life in the field is a
severe one. Came to a halt in the valley, near Sandy
25

Hook. The 2nd Corps passed. Met some of the 14th
Connecticut as the corps came to a halt. I had friends
in that regiment who I was anxious to see. One who
I expected to meet was Walter Standish. I asked for
him, was informed that he was killed at Gettysburg.
Again on the march. Passed through the town of
Sandy Hook, on over the Potomac into Harper's Ferry,
crossing the Shenandoah River, up Loudon Heights, into
the Loudon Valley, Virginia. Pushing right up the
valley to guard the gaps in the Blue Ridge Mountains.
July igth. The enemy are marching up the Shenan
doah Valley. They seem to have the lead. Came to a
halt at Snicker's Gap, twenty miles south of Harper's
Ferry, after making a forced march. Here Major Peale
received orders for us to report at Sharpsburg, Mary
land, where another detachment of our regiment was on
duty. July 20th. We left Upperville, near Snicker's Gap.
very early in the morning, having served in the 3d Corps,
Army of the Potomac about five weeks. On the march
back we met the 12th Corps, meeting the 5th and 20th
Connecticut Regiments of that corps. Met Charlie
Corey, a boyhood friend from my old home in Hanover,
New London County. It was a short meeting but we
talked fast. Charlie had been in service a little over
two years in the 5th Regiment, while I had been in
eleven months. His mother often read his letters to me
before I came to be a soldier. A pleasant meeting for a
few moments. On our backward march we kept push
ing along, stopping to rest at one point. Blackberries
grew wild, we picked our coffee cups full and ate them
while we marched along. Nothing of special interest
took place, but by the time we reached Harper's Ferry,
26

twenty miles march, we were tired and foot-sore. After
a short rest and rations we were obliged to push on
toward Sharpsburg, twenty miles further on. Darkness
coming on we did not have the hot sun beating down
upon us. The marching was over rough, stony roads, up
hill and down. Reaching Sharpsburg along in the night,
we learned the boys were in camp about two miles out of
town, so we pushed on, reaching the camp at midnight,
a march of about forty miles. The boys were sleeping,
except the guard and the pickets. They did not know
that we had arrived. We were glad to drop down on
the ground and get sleep and rest after the severe march
from Upperville, Virginia, to the town of Sharpsburg,
Maryland. The command now numbered about two hun
dred. Consolidated into two companies. Our meeting
was a very happy one. We talked over the events that had
taken place during the past few weeks that we had been
separated, and wondered how our boys in prison were
getting along.
July 24th. Marching orders. Broke camp. After
a short march, go into camp on high ground near the
Potomac River. Plenty of water here where we could
bathe and wash our clothes, hang them on the bushes and
wait for them to dry. We also used the river water to
drink and make coffee. The current ran very swift at
this point.
(During my army life I drank, made coffee, fished,
bathed, washed 'my clothes, waded through, its blue
waters. When clear it was blue as one looked at it.
When storms came it was yellow, the color of Virginia
and Maryland mud.)
We only enjoyed our camp near the Potomac for a
few days, when marching orders were received, to report
27

at Hagerstown, Maryland, about ten miles from Sharps
burg, or about eight from our camp. At Hagerstown
the Seminary and the grounds were used for a rebel
prison and hospital, where we were to do guard and
picket duty. Many of the poor fellows confined there
died from wounds and disease. While the duty was not
very laborious, it was not very pleasant. This is a fine
section of Maryland, scenery fine. A large spring,
walled in, in the center of the city, from which we ob
tained water. Quite a large number were confined here
as prisoners of war. Here we also came in contact with
an army of pedicules, which kept us very busy fighting
them. Our boys claimed they bore on their backs the
letters C. S. A., Confederate States America. The Sem
inary and grounds covered quite a tract of land. Our
camp was placed as far as could be and still be on the
grounds enclosed.
August I ^th. A field hospital and camp was estab
lished to the north on the Chambersburg road, about two
miles from town. A fine location. Plenty of good, clear,
running water. The change was not only good for us
but very beneficial to all the prisoners, and they enjoyed
it very much. Good air and grounds for them to walk
about. A provost guard was on duty in town to preserve
the peace and protect the town. We were on the alert
all the time. Reports of cavalry raids from Virginia
into Maryland caused us to turn out in the night and
double the line of pickets on the road to Williamsport,
near the ford crossing the Potomac. We have very
pleasant recollections of Hagerstown. Nothing very
serious happened while we were there. Some of the
people were very strongly in sympathy with the South.
The 4th Connecticut Regiment was at that town a year
28

before we were. They left a good impression there and
were well spoken of by the people. We became well
acquainted in Hagerstown and vicinity. We traded
with farmers coffee, sugar, and hardtack, for eggs, butter,
and vegetables. We lived well at that place. All things
come to an end. Marching orders received. The pris
oners were ordered to be sent to Chambersburg, Penn.
At this camp we conquered the army of the pedicules,
and became free of the pest.
September 25th. Our regiment with supplies and
munitions ordered to Martinsburg, West Virginia. Pack
ing up, getting ready to march.
September 2yth. Left Hagerstown, leaving a detail
for provost duty in town. Marched through Williams-
port, wading the Potomac, over into Virginia, pushing
along in our wet clothes over very rough roads. After a
march of about ten miles, we reached the town, going into
camp on the west side. Here we erected our camp and
began duty. Provost guard in town, picket, and guard
duty, drilling, dress parade. When off duty, allowed to
visit town on a pass from the company commander.
October Ist. Our duty for Sunday, besides picket
duty and guard, was Sunday morning inspection, attend
church in town, weather permitting. The day's duty
closed with dress parade.
October ioth. Our boys who had been prisoners
since the fifteenth of June, had been released and ex
changed. Lieutenant-Colonel Peale, commanding regi
ment, ordered to Camp Parole, Annapolis, Maryland, to
bring the boys to camp for duty. A happy meeting talk
ing over our past experience. Guns and equipment given
out. All were ready for duty. Drilling, picket, and
scouting. The guerillas in the valley keeping us busy,
29

as they often raided the trains on the B. & O. R. R.
Our boys made friends among the towns-people. Were
made welcome in many homes. The town was considered
a Union town. Many loyal people in it.
No important events have taken place during the past
few days. November coming in brought cold rain and
snow, making mud. Reminded winter is coming on.
Duty must be done in all kinds of weather. Daily
routine with its various duties must be performed as the
days come and go. Looking forward to the coming of
Thanksgiving, hoping it will pass pleasantly.
November 25th. Thanksgiving Day. Weather fine.
Our second one in the U. S. service. Some of the boys
received boxes from home containing good things which
they divided with others. Connecticut mince pies were
all right. We had baked chicken prepared by a baker
in town. Our Thanksgiving in camp passed very quiet
and pleasant. Excused from all duty except picket and
guard. These days are passing quietly, nothing extra so
far to perform. Kept busy most of the time.
December came in quite pleasant. Weather permit
ting, drilling is kept up.
December 8th. Marching orders received. Must
prepare three days' rations in haversacks. Ordered to
Charlestown for duty. We are informed the cavalry
under General Averill are to raid upon the enemy's
country. The General is a dashing cavalry officer. He
is all right.
December I Oth. Left camp early this morning.
Passed through Martinsburg, going east, bound for
Charlestown. Weather good. After a march of about
eight miles, came to a halt at Leestown for rest and
rations. Again on the march, forded the Opequan
30

Creek. Not very pleasant at this time of year. Soldiers
must not stop for wet feet. Pushing on. After a march
of about eighteen miles we reached the town of Charles
town, Virginia, eight miles south of Harper's Ferry, just
after dark, tired. Took possession of an old church for
our quarters, the weather growing colder. No place for
a fire. Trying to make ourselves comfortable for the
night. December Ilth. The morning opened up with a
cold rain. I am detailed for picket duty. Posted on a
back road, just south of the town. Took possession of an
old building for the reliefs and the reserves, when off
duty. Manage to keep very comfortable. All quiet.
December I2th. Off picket. Cold rain continues,
making life miserable. A large campfire near the
church. When off duty do some scouting around the
vicinity. The ist Connecticut Cavalry in camp near the
town. Visited the cavalry boys at their camp.
December 14th. On picket, which comes every
other day and night. All things seem to be very quiet.
Bought a watch. The first one I ever owned. Paid one
of the boys ten dollars. Wrote many letters to friends at
home. When off duty visited the many points of interest
around the town. Here old John Brown was tried and
hung for treason against the state of Virginia. I visited
the court house where he was tried, the jail where he
was confined, and the ground just outside of town where
he was hung. These places were pointed out to us by old
residents of the town.
December iyth. A severe, cold storm, rain freezing
on the ground and trees. The people in town say the
Yankees brought the cold weather with them. Claim
the weather is colder than it has been for years. Most of
31

the houses here not built very warm. The people suffer
from the cold, have only wood fires.
December 20th. Bitter cold. Out on picket last
night on the Duffield road. Duffield is on the line of
the B. & O. R. R. about eight miles from this town.
Detailed to go out for wood. Teams going outside of
camp must be kept well guarded, owing to bush
whackers and guerillas. While some of the boys cut
wood, the guard must be on the alert. Keep up the large
campfire in front of the church. Try to keep comfort
able. My tent mate at this time is Lem Manning. The
guerillas know every path over the mountains and all
fords in the Shenandoah River.
December 22nd. Detailed with twenty under the
command of Lieutenant John Lilley, Company I, for
a night's scout and picket duty with four cavalry scouts
from the ist New York (Lincoln) Cavalry. Left late
this P. M., marching across lots through woods. Ordered
to keep very quiet as we went marching on, so that
our presence might not be known. After a march of
between seven or eight miles we came to a small town
called Cabletown, at a ford in the Shenandoah River.
The cavalry boys were good scouts, on the alert, keeping
our Lieutenant well posted as we advanced. We
reached the town just after dark, as it began to snow.
Pickets were soon posted at the ford. Our quarters were
a wagon shop, where we kept very comfortable when
off picket. A few citizens spent a part of the night with
us. A good fire was kept burning in the stove all night.
December 23d. All quiet through the night. This
is known as a very loyal town. The Johnnies call it
Little Massachusetts, so we were informed by the people,
who were very kind to us. With daylight our duty
32

ended. We remained until noontime, when we left for
Charlestown. Have been sorry that I did not keep the
names of the cavalry scouts. The detail from our com
pany, C, Thomas A. Loomis, Lemuel A. Manning,
Charles H. Lynch. Arrived at headquarters late this
P. M. Tired. Pleased with the trip. Enjoyed scout
ing when everything went well.
We are all the time watching the mountain passes
and the fords. The guerillas know every foot of this
country and section of Virginia. They make many raids
on the B. & O. R. R., and are generally successful, cap
turing and wrecking trains. All is quiet at this point.
Some of the boys managed to find skates and are hav
ing a great time on a pond. Women and children watch
the tricks on the ice performed by our boys and seem
pleased. December 24th. General Averill and his troops re
turned today after a raid of fifteen days. The boys and
horses show the effects of hard service as I saw them pass
through town on to Harper's Ferry. They did an im
mense amount of damage to the enemy. Hard fighting,
fording many streams in extreme cold weather during
cold rains, and snow. \A soldier's life in the field is a
very severe one. The poor horses suffer as well as the
men. ¦ Orders received for the regiment to return to our
camp at Martinsburg. Christmas Eve.
December 25th. Christmas Morn. The boys made
very happy last night over the prospect of returning to
our camp. Spent the evening singing, making speeches,
having a good time. It was late when the tumult ceased
and we lay down for a little rest and sleep. Our second
Christmas in the service. We bid goodbye to old
Charlestown as we go marching on, singing and cheer-
3 33

ing, on to Martinsburg. Weather fine, a perfect day.
Hard marching over a very rough road. At i P. M.
stopped for rest and rations. Again on the march, pass
ing through Leestown, fording the Opequan Creek.
Pushing right along, anxious to reach camp. About two
miles from Martinsburg passed the picket line. With
music by the drum corps and every man in line, we
marched through the town, reaching camp just before
dark. The guard left in charge of our camp gave us a
hearty welcome. Very tired, glad to tumble into our
tents after an absence of sixteen days.
December 30th. On our return regular duty was
resumed. Fourteen new recruits came to the regiment
from Connecticut. Nine assigned to our company, C.
Recruits were known as fresh fish. That was the way
they were greeted. Most of them had relations and
friends in the regiment. The recruits were always wel
come and used kindly. Some were very young boys.
December 31st. Orders received to prepare for a
three days' scout. Reported we go up the valley. A
cold rain storm set in before we started. Caused the
marching orders to be countermanded. The regiment to
remain in camp. I am detailed for picket duty. The last
day of the year 1863. 1864
January Ist. New Year. Last night on second re
lief, going on post at eleven o'clock. Remained until
one o'clock. Saw the old year out and the new in.
This morning before daylight the outposts were at
tacked. A sharp, hot firing. All the forces around town
were ordered out, double-quick time. All under arms.
Later it was learned there was a large force of rebel
34

cavalry near North Mountain, about five miles out. Re
ported to be under Generals Imboden and McCausland.
The rebel scouts and our pickets caused the sudden firing.
The cold rain turned to snow, and was bitter cold, caus
ing much suffering while waiting in line of battle.
According to reports from prisoners, they suffered worse
than we did. Standing in line all day, ready for action.
The boys are anxious to give the enemy a hot welcome.
Double picket line ordered.
January 2nd. In line all night. Not much sleep.
Prisoners brought in this morning, captured by scouts,
report the enemy going south, owing to the severe
weather. Late this P. M. all is quiet. Our company
ordered on picket for the night. A double picket line
will be maintained for the night. Cold weather
holds on.
January 3d. Sunday. All quiet last night. Ordered
to our camp early this morning. Weather a little more
mild. Cleaned up. Attended church in town. All is
quiet at this time. Enemy reported well up the valley.
Plenty of snow on the ground.
January Jth. Cold with more snow. Detailed as
guard with brigade teams going about five miles out on
the Williamsport road for wood. Severe, cold weather.
Wood choppers and teams must be kept well guarded.
Rebel scouts and guerillas often reported in this vicinity.
Wood must be collected for our camp. We pass most of
these winter evenings very pleasantly in camp, visiting,
singing, reading, telling stories, writing, study, discus
sing the war question, and wondering what the outcome
will be, and when we will get home. The song " Home
Sweet Home " leads all others. Often hear the war

35

called a cruel war. I think all wars cruel, from what
little experience I had.'
January 6th. While in town I saw and bought a
pair of kip leather boots. Keep them well greased.
They are good for walking through snow and water as
well as Virginia mud. Try to keep my feet warm and
dry. The enemy is reported to be again making raids in
this vicinity. The 3d and 4th Pennsylvania Reserves
came here as reinforcements. In camp near our regi
ment. A good gang of fellows. Soon get well ac
quainted with them.
January 8th. Twenty new recruits arrived from old
Connecticut. Welcomed as fresh fish. They were
assigned to the different companies which are being filled
up for the coming campaign.
January ioth. Sunday. A very pleasant day. At
tended church in town morning and evening. Service
conducted by Chaplain, 3d Pennsylvania Reserves.
Attendance by the towns-people and soldiers good.
Chaplains from the different regiments were invited to
occupy the pulpits in the churches. Special service was
held evenings during the week, when no extra duty was
demanded. January lOth-iyth. Weather fine. Weather permit
ting, company drill in the forenoon, battalion drill in the
afternoon, also dress parade. No matter what the
weather conditions were guard and picket duty must be
done. Mild weather brings on the sticky Virginia mud,
disagreeable. My greatest trouble at this time is an
ingrowing toe nail, causing me much trouble. Doctor
trying to cure it. At times forced to wear an old shoe.
Wrote and received many letters, also reading every
thing that we can get in the way of reading matter.
36

Everything being quiet along the lines, furloughs are
granted for a short visit home. Two to four are allowed
at a time, for an absence of ten days, from each company.
January l8ih-2^th. Rain, sunshine, snow, very
windy, has been the weather for the past week. At times
very disagreeable. Target practise has taken the place
of drilling. Daily routine does not change very much
from day to day. Many are ill at this time, in hospital.
Occasional death takes place.
January 26th. In camp today we have a visitor, a
minister from Woodstock, Connecticut, Rev. Mr. White.
The day being fine, our regular routine was carried out.
At dress parade, Mr. White delivered an address, a mes
sage from home. A pleasure to hear direct from old
Connecticut. January 28th. This morning the Pennsylvania boys
are packing up to leave, they having received marching
orders. Ordered to New Creek, West Virginia. Our
boys lined up, bid them good bye, good luck, with hearty
cheers. These regiments, the 3d and 4th were known as
the reserves and the Buck Tails, they having seen hard
service. We found them a good lot of boys, and visited
back and forth very much while they were in camp
near us.
January 31st. The weather for the past few days
has been very bad, making our duty very severe. Picket
and guard must be done. These cold storms make the life
of a soldier a bitter one. Wood must be brought to
camp, trees cut down, then worked up into fire-wood.
Must go out about five miles from camp for the wood.
All must take a hand at the axe. Teams and wood-
choppers must be kept well guarded. Each tent is pro-
37

rided with a small cylinder stove set on the ground, pipe
jp, out the top of the tent. Once in a while a tent takes
ire, which makes lively work for the boys. We keep
srepared for such an emergency. Manage to keep com-
:ortable in our tents when off duty. Visit the town quite
iften when off duty.
Orders received that our old commander, General
Etobert H. Milroy, will visit our camp this afternoon and
•eview our regiment. Much excitement getting every-
:hing in order. All are happy and pleased at the pros
pect of seeing the General, whom we have not seen since
:he battle of Winchester, June 13th, 14th, 15th, 1863.
\.t 4 P. M. the General, with staff and escort, came into
ramp. The regiment being in line, received him with
learty cheers and a welcome and a salute. He ad-
Iressed the regiment, which I copy.
Soldiers of the Eighteenth. Since I last saw you,
you have suffered captivity in rebel prisons. We
have been separated since then, but I have come to
see you and to praise you for your gallantry.
I saw you in the second day's fight, as you
charged the enemy from your rifle-pits and drove
them back upon their reserves, holding them in
check until night, when you fell back but with your
face to the foe. Again I saw you the next morn
ing facing as hot a fire as I ever witnessed. I looked
in vain to see you waver. Boys, it was a hot place
— a hot place. I saw you go where none but brave
men dare to go, saw you make three successful
charges, preserving your line as well as if on dress
parade. I witnessed it all. I saw you as you broke
the first line of rebel infantry, and charged up to
their batteries, driving away their gunners, still
pressing on and breaking their reserves. But a
third line was too strong for you. I knew it was.
38

Only then did you fall back, when your lines were
broken, and many brave Connecticut men lay bleed
ing on the field. But you only fell back to re-form,
and give them another taste of your steel. I knew it
was madness to order you forward again, it was
ordering you to death and annihilation. But I
watched you with pride as you charged the third
time, but when I saw your ranks withering, and
your comrades falling, it made my heart grow sad
within me, and I ordered you to fall back. You
know the rest. You were surrounded and there was
no escape. But I miss your noble commander, Colonel Ely,
may he soon return to you.
Boys, to your valor I owe my safety. You come
from a state whose soldiers never disgrace them
selves nor their flag. I am proud of you.
February Ist-^th. This month so far has brought
snow and cold rains. Regular duty kept up from day to
day. Our regiment has been without a chaplain for
several months. The Rev. William C. Walker, a Baptist
clergyman of Putnam, Connecticut, having been ap
pointed chaplain, arrived in camp and began the duties
of that office. Believe that he will make a good chap
lain. We all welcome him.
The 123d Ohio Regiment having received orders,
left our brigade and camp. Ordered to New Creek,
West Virginia, following the 3d and 4th Pennsylvania
Regiments. Andrew Washburn, ist Sergeant of our
company, having been appointed a Captain in the 29th
Connecticut Colored Regiment, left us to join that regi
ment. Albert Green, Company A, organized a singing
school in town. It is very much enjoyed by the towns
people and the soldiers, passing the evenings very pleas-
39

antly. I attend once in a while when off duty. Enjoy
it very much.
February 6th. Martinsburg, West Virginia. Cloudy,
cold. Detailed for picket duty. Located on Charles
town Pike, southeast of town. On post two hours and off
four. So I passed the day. Along in the evening, while
out on post, was relieved from duty, informed that I had
been granted a furlough for ten days, giving to me an
opportunity to visit old Connecticut. On my return to
camp, found that Edwin White of our company had also
received a furlough. After a bath and a change of rai
ment, we decided to journey together. We left camp
about eleven o'clock at night. At the depot was in
formed that the next train North would leave at 2 A. M.,
which would be Sunday morning. About midnight we
started up town to find something to eat. The town be
ing under martial law, provost guards were at every
corner to protect the town and preserve order. I was in
possession of the countersign, having received it early in
the evening while on picket duty. Did not find anything
to eat, had a good time walking around while waiting for
the train. Whenever challenged by the guards, I would
advance and give the countersign. Few trains were run
on the B. & O. R. R. in the night. Shall not be able to
get anything to eat until our arrival in Baltimore, where
the train is due about 7 A. M. We are very happy over
the prospect of seeing home and friends once more, hav
ing been in the service for eighteen months.
February Jth. Arrived in Baltimore at 7 A. M.
Had breakfast, then made our way across the city to
the Philadelphia R. R. Station. There learned that we
could not get a train out of the city until 9 P. M. A
great disappointment. When leaving camp thought we
40

could connect right through to New York. As we had
a long time to wait, we put up at the Union House.
Made a few calls, as we had acquaintances in the city.
Called at the Stuart Mansion Hospital, where I was
during my long illness, early in 1863. I found the nurses
still on duty. All were pleased to see me. One woman
and two men, in charge of ward 4. At this time it was
known as the Jarvis Hospital, west end of Baltimore.
The day passed very pleasantly.
February Sth. My birthday, 19 years old. Left
Baltimore at 9 o'clock last night. Passed through Phila
delphia about midnight. Arrived in Jersey City at 8
A. M. Made my way to the home of my relations, tak
ing breakfast with my grandmother. All were surprised
and glad to see me. New York was my early boyhood
home, having been born in that city, but left it when
eleven years old, going to Connecticut to live. My time
passed quickly and very pleasantly. Nothing happened
to mar the pleasure of my visit.
February IOth. Norwich, Connecticut. Left New
York last night by boat. Arrived here all right. Came
from New London to Norwich on the engine with my
cousin Sidney Williams. Made my way to the home of
my aunt, Mrs. Jane Tubbs. Gave the family a great
surprise. Did not have time to let them know that I was
coming. February 15th. Called on friends in and around
Norwich. Visited my country home in Hanover, near
Norwich. Time passed quickly and very pleasantly.
Must again set my face southward, and join the regi
ment. Weather very cold during my vacation.
February 16th. In New York. Left Norwich last
night by boat. A cold sail on Long Island Sound. Re-
41

main here today and tonight. JVly cousin Theodore
Luyster enlisted in the ioth New York Regiment. His
father and mother feel very badly over it. Many other
mothers and fathers have been made to feel sad over the
same thing. Boys seem bound to enlist.^
February l8th. Arrived at Martinsburg at 2 A. M.
Left Jersey City early yesterday morning. After an un
eventful trip arrived in Baltimore at 4 P. M. Left at
nine o'clock. Met other members of the regiment
bound for camp. When we got there lay down for a
little rest and sleep. At daylight attended roll-call, after
which I was given a hearty welcome by the boys of
Company C. Thankful for the furlough and the good
time. Connecticut did look good to me as I again turned
my back to it, facing southward, bound for old Virginia.
Again writing letters home after my safe arrival in camp.
February 20th. Detailed for picket duty. It again
fell my lot to be located on the Charlestown road and the
same post I left on the eve of the 6th when I received
my furlough. Weather fine at this time. All is quiet
in this vicinity. No one knows how long it will last.
Business improving in town.
February 22d. Washington's Birthday. Orders to
prepare for parade and review. All the troops around
town ordered to take part. The march will be through
the principal streets. Quite a celebration in honor of the
first president, George Washington. Wrote several
letters to friends at home.
February 28th. Nothing important has taken place
since the last date. Sunshine, cold, rain, and snow has
come to us weatherwise. Certain duties must be kept up
regardless of weather. Attended church in town.
Masonic funeral in town this afternoon. The drum-
42

corps of our regiment furnished the marching music.
Many soldiers taking part in the parade who were
Masons. They helped to carry on the service. The
citizens were pleased to have the help of the soldiers.
March ist. Martinsburg, West Virginia. \ March
brought a severe snow-storm. Out in it, on picket duty.
The duty must be attended to no matter how severe it
may be. This is a soldier's life. War is cruel. )
March 2nd. Came off picket duty. My laundry
and repairs on my clothes I have done by a German
woman in town. Called for my laundry. Had a bath,
put on clean clothes, for which I am very thankful. Re
ceived a pass, visited town. f~No soldier can enter town
without a permit, excuse and pass must come from the
company commander. > Coming off picket or guard duty
a soldier is excused from all duty during the day, ex
cept dress parade. Much pride is taken in dress parade,
then we wear our good clothes.
March 4th. Received a number of letters from
friends at home. Snow has disappeared. While the
weather is fine, the mud is very sticky and plenty of it.
A large quantity will stick to one's feet, or rather to our
army brogans, as we attempt to walk in it. This all
comes in the life of a soldier. (We are not serving our
country for pleasure. We are very anxious to have the v
war stop. We are not in love with the life but the war
must be stopped right, so that we can have a free
country.) March 5th. Cold rain storm. A disagreeable day
in camp. We are ready for duty at any time, no matter
how bad the weather may be. We are starting on the
fourth year of this awful war. Many more brave men
must fall before the end comes. 43

March 6th. Sunday. Cloudy and cold. Attended
church in town. Wrote letters. Late this afternoon
marching orders received. Leave camp on the morrow
for parts unknown to us. ^Soldiers must obey orders and
not ask questions. At times some movements look very
foolish to us. We often wish the war was over and we
could go marching homeward. The people suffer very
much from the effects of the war. Thankful it is no
nearer to old Connecticut. ^ The guerillas and scouts keep
us on the alert all the time as they are liable to show up
at any time. They raid trains on the B. & O. R. R.
Seem to know when they can make a good haul.
March 7th. Broke camp early this morning.
Marched through town. Boarded a train of box cars at
the station. Headed east. Stopped at Harper's Ferry.
Five companies ordered to go in camp on Bolivar
Heights. The train with five companies proceeded on,
over the Potomac River into Maryland about ten miles
farther, stopping at the Point of Rocks, near the Potomac,
ten miles from Harper's Ferry. Companies C and I
ordered off the train. The other three companies con
tinued on to Monocacy Junction. As soon as our com
pany was ordered out I was detailed for picket duty.
Posted near the ford leading over into Virginia. Here
we were obliged to use the river water. The current ran
very swift at this point.
March 8th. A cold, wet, disagreeable night for
picket duty. We are about as miserable as we can be.
When off duty we find shelter in an old barn, until the
arrival of our tents. Maryland mud is fully as bad as
Virginia. Trying to make the best of our condition,
hoping for sunshine and warmer weather. All is quiet
along the picket line. Once in a while the boys take
44

chances and shoot at the turkey buzzards, sailing through
the air.
March nth. Up to this date the weather has been
very bad. We are also short of rations. On picket every
other night. Late today our tents arrived, and a good
supply of rations. We shall have to put in another night
in the cold old barn. -.Somewhat discouraged over our
present condition. It is all in the life of a soldier, who
must meet all discouragements and make the best of it
as the days come and go.)
March I2th. This morning opened up bright and
pleasant. Camp located and tents put up. A busy day.
We have here with us a battalion of cavalry known as the
Loudon Rangers, composed of loyal Virginians and
Marylanders. They make good scouts. Some few have
been in the rebel service. They often ford the river,
going into the Loudon valley, watching the enemy. At
this point the B. & O. R. R. turns to the north, leaving
the Potomac River. The scenery at the Point of Rocks
is grand. When clear the water of the river looks blue.
It is either blue, or yellow from the rains which come
pouring into it from the brooks and creeks in Maryland
and Virginia.
These nights are cold for picket duty along the Poto
mac. tjWhile wishing the war was over, I have no de
sire to go back to old Connecticut until the end comes. I
enlisted for the war and am doing my duty as it comes
from day to day. I must make mention of the Loudon
Rangers who are a plucky crowd and who have some
very severe and dangerous duty. I met one who had been
in the rebel service and was up against us at Winchester.
Said that our firing at Carter's Farm was a severe one.
We put up a good fight. We were fighting Jackson's
45

old corps, commanded by General Ewell. It was con
sidered as among the best fighting corps in the Con
federate Army. At that time it numbered among thirty
and forty thousand, with a large number of heavy field
guns. A large flock of wild geese passed over our camp, go
ing north. They know a good country. There are large
flocks of turkey buzzards in this vicinity. Known as
scavengers. On picket tonight.
March 14th. Cold, disagreeable morning. All
quiet along the Potomac at this place. Received a num
ber of letters from friends at home. These letters bring
much comfort to a fellow. V Some of our boys are being
appointed officers in the colored regiments. These regi
ments must have white commissioned officers. L. A.
Manning and I, of Company C, climbed to the top of
the Point of Rocks, where we had a fine view of Mary
land and Virginia, and for miles down the Potomac.
From this point the river appeared to be running up
hill. We enjoyed the scenery and the quietness of the
surrounding country. Not far away battles were being
fought. War is liable to break out at this point almost
any day. At times rebel scouts and guerillas can be seen
across the river, causing us to keep a good lookout and
be on the alert. We very seldom exchange shots across
the river.
March 1 8th. Nothing important has taken place
during the past few days. Weather very good, but very
cold nights along the Potomac. Out among the farmers
buying straw for our tents. Ground too cold to sleep on.
Try to keep comfortable. Large campfires kept burn
ing nights and days. When too cold to sleep sit around
the fire. 46

March igth. L. A. Manning and I off duty.
Weather being fine, we decided to take a long walk out
into the country. Passed a few farm houses. Came to a
small school house where we heard the music of a violin.
Looking at the building and listening to the music, a
gentleman came out and invited us in. He was the
teacher. It being Saturday there was no school. He
was practising on the violin. A fine looking young man.
Inclined to ask us many questions, which we avoided
answering. His sympathy was with the South all right.
We were about four miles from camp. Returned very
much pleased with our tramp. Maryland is a fine coun
try. We had passed through different sections of it.
March 20th. Sunday. Detailed for picket duty.
Posted about two miles up the river, between the river
and the canal, on the tow path. Our company, C, and
the Loudon Rangers ordered to ford the river for a
scout into Virginia. Returned quite late. Nothing im
portant obtained. Bad time of the year to ford rivers.
Snow squalls still greet us. It doesn't last very long, but
helps to increase the circulation of the mud. Camp-
fire burning all the time. We often burn our clothes by
keeping too close to it. We live close to the earth. In
warm weather we have a better show to keep clean,
bathe, and wash our clothes.
March 2$th. Marching orders received to report at
regimental headquarters, Camp Hill, Bolivar Heights,
near Harper's Ferry. A cold rain storm on at this time.
On account of a hard cold, with a number of others,
went to Harper's Ferry by cars. There met by am
bulance and rode to camp. My first ride in an ambu
lance. Bad getting around in camp on account of the
deep mud. Harper's Ferry is a side hill town. The
47

Potomac and the Shenandoah on either side. Here the
B. & O. R. R. crosses the Potomac into Maryland.
Above Harper's Ferry is located the Jefferson Rock,
where one gets a fine view. The scenery at this point is
grand. The mountains, rivers, and the valley, and also
the great Maryland Heights.
March 28th. Camp Hill, Bolivar Heights. Early
this morning received orders to prepare three days'
rations. Reported we are to go up the valley, scouting.
Waiting for orders. At noontime rumors began to cir
culate that the regiment was ordered home to vote. The
news seemed too good to be true. Orders came to detail
two men from each company to remain as camp guard.
Those who were detailed to remain felt very badly. All
were anxious to see home. At this time the anti-war
party was very strong in Connecticut, which may seem
very strange. They were called copper-heads. Late in
the afternoon orders came to fall in. A gay and happy
crowd, marching and singing as we go down through
Harper's Ferry, where a train was in waiting. Did not
take us long to board the train, which soon got under
way, bound for Baltimore. Singing, cheering, making
merry as the train began to move, on over the Potomac
River into Maryland.
March 2Qth. Arrived in Baltimore early this morn
ing. Nothing happened to mar the pleasure of the jour
ney. All were soon out of the cars, line quickly formed,
ready to march from the Camden Street station to the
Philadelphia R. R. station, on the east side. Our march
led through Pratt Street, the scene of the attack on the
6th Massachusetts regiment in April, 1861, by the Balti
more toughs, who claimed to be in sympathy with the
South. 48

March 2Qth. At the Philadelphia station a train
was soon made ready for us, which we quickly boarded,
and were soon under way, passing the scenes of our first
soldier life, Camp Emory and Fort Marshall. These
were points of interest to us, and very pleasant recollec
tions. After an uneventful trip we arrived in Phila
delphia late this P. M. Ordered out of the cars, line
formed for marching, stopping at a place known as the
Cooper Shop, where a good dinner was served by the
ladies of Philadelphia. It was a very pleasant occasion
in our lives, never to be forgotten. Again journeying on
towards New York. Our train being special was often
side-tracked and we were forced to wait.
March 30th. After an all-night's ride on a slow
train we reached Jersey City at eight o'clock this morn
ing. We were due in Connecticut this morning in time
for the men to register, so they could vote, this being the
last day. At Jersey City marched on board a small
transport. By the time half of the regiment was on
board, the old craft began to sink. Not fit to take us
around New York, and surely not through Long Island
Sound. We returned to the dock. Informed the officers
we were ready to pay our fares home by cars, as we would
not risk our lives on that frail craft. After waiting awhile
orders came to fall in. Then marched on board a Cort-
landt Street ferry-boat for New York, thence through
Cortlandt Street to Broadway, on up to 14th Street, then
up 4th Avenue to 27th Street, to the station, (to the New
York, New Haven, and Hartford R. R. Going on board
train we were soon bound for Connecticut. Passed on
through New Haven, out on the Shore Line road. The
train was often side-tracked, making the journey a tedi
ous one. Nothing important happened during the
4 49

journey until we reached the Connecticut River. Up to
this time cheers and congratulations had been shouted for
good old Connecticut. It was believed that the mana
gers of the railroad were in sympathy with the South and
were copper-heads. The crossing of the Connecticut
River was by ferry-boat. It was obliged to make two
trips in order to get the regiment over. The river was
very high and very swift, owing to the spring freshet.
Our company went over in the first load with safety.
The second boat-load was carried out into the Sound.
Great anxiety was felt for those on board as the boat
struggled in the swift current to make the dock. After
making slow progress the boat finally reached the dock,
after a long time. It began to grow dark before the train
started again. After many delays the train arrived in
Norwich about midnight, in a cold rain-storm. Form
ing in line we marched to Treadway's Hall on Water
Street, a good lunch having been provided. Many
people were out, waiting to greet the regiment. After
the reception at the hall many made their way home.
Those from out of town remained in the hall until morn
ing. All were happy, being home once more. Pretty
well tired out. Not much sleep for the past three days
and nights on the cars, homeward bound. My home was
with an aunt on Franklin Street, where I received a
hearty welcome.
March 31st. Norwich, Connecticut. It is good to
be home once more among friends. Wishing the war
was over. I am afraid that many more of the 18th Regi
ment must fall before the end comes. Some will never
see home again. These are dark, sad days, but we are
trying to enjoy our visit at home, visiting relations and
friends. The cemeteries in the cities and the country
50

show that many young fellows have given their lives for
our country.
April 3d. Sunday. Attended church and Sunday
School at Hanover, New London County, where I spent
my boyhood days.
April $th. Governor Wm. A. Buckingham re
elected. Pleasing to the boys in blue. The body of
William Town, Company A, having arrived, was given
a military funeral by the regiment in Greenville, Nor
wich. Bought one dollar's worth of postage stamps.
Writing letters is one of the pleasing features of the army
life. Orders for our return tomorrow. All members
must assemble here tomorrow morning.
April 6th. Soon after noon the regiment formed in
line for parade through some of the principal streets.
Received a great reception all along the line of march.
After the parade marched on board the steamer City of
Norwich, which soon got under way and moved slowly
down the river. With cheers and waving of handker
chiefs we again said goodbye to home and friends. Sad
ness came over the men as we looked back on the scene,
the crowds on the dock and the city. How we did wish
the war was over. We were in for three years, or during
the war, and are bound to stick until the end comes and
peace reigns throughout our land. All is quiet on board
the boat. Hunting for some place to lie down for sleep.
April yth. Arrived in New York early this morn
ing. Crossed over to Jersey City by ferry-boat. Soon
on board train, bound for Philadelphia. Making good
time, much better than when home-bound. On arrival
had another good dinner at the Cooper Shop, after which
we again boarded train for Baltimore. Everything go-

51

ing well, making good time. Nothing important has
taken place.
April 8th. Arrived at midnight last night. Marched
to the Union Relief Rooms. Here we wait for transpor
tation to Harper's Ferry. Wishing we were in our camp.
April gth. Still waiting at the Union Relief Rooms
for transportation to our camp. Rain — cold — disagree
able weather. Cannot leave the place for we don't know
just when a train will be ready for us. Late this P. M.
we go on board train for Virginia.
April ioth. A cold, damp, disagreeable morning.
Passed the Point of Rocks early this morning. Saw that
the Potomac River was on a rampage owing to the recent
heavy rains. On arrival at Harper's Ferry formed in
line for a march to Camp Hill, Bolivar Heights. Dur
ing our absence the 34th Massachusetts Regiment was
ordered to take our place, so took possession of our camp.
We were forced to take quarters in old buildings until
camp could be located and tents put up. A large mail
was waiting for us. I received a number of letters.
April 12th. Nothing important has taken place.
Our regular routine of duty goes on from day to day. A
strong picket guard is kept up owing to the guerillas in
these mountains. Mosby is the chief among them. This
seems to be the rainy season, judging by the way it comes
down. Mud, mud, sticky Virginia mud. At every step
one must lift a load of it, as it sticks to our army shoes.
It helps to add misery to our camp life. Well, we are
Uncle Sam's soldiers, doing our duty from day to day.
April 14th. Sunshine for this morning. Came off
picket duty. Visited town on a pass, a lonesome old
place. The old buildings show the effects of the war,
broken down and ruined. Some must have been fine ones
52

Charles H. Lynch
1864

in their day. At dress parade a new national flag was
brought out for the first time. Colonel Ely surrendered
to the enemy the one given us by the ladies of Norwich.
Some things in this life are hard to understand. It
could have been saved as well as the state flag, at Win
chester, June 15th, 1863. Received my pictures, taken
when I was at home. Sending them out.
April igth. All quiet in camp for the past few days.
Detailed for picket duty this morning. Weather fine.
Located at the bridge over the Shenandoah River.
Officer of the guard a Lieutenant from the 5th New York
Heavy Artillery. General Max Weber, a former
colonel, 20th New York Regiment known as the Turner
Rifles, in command at this post. A fine old German
officer. Military rules require that the reserve guards
turn out and salute the General. I had never seen him,
did not know him. Did not see the star denoting his
rank until it was too late to call out the guard. The
Lieutenant, a fine young man, felt very badly about it.
I was generally on the lookout, but got caught this time.
After the General left I went to the Lieutenant and made
an apology, informing him how badly I felt over it, be
cause I always prided myself on being on the lookout.
April 20th. A very pleasant morning. Came off
picket. After a good clean-up, obtained a pass permit
ting me to cross the Potomac River into Maryland, as I
wished to visit and climb to the top of Maryland
Heights, which I had done before. One gets a fine view
of a tract of country which is very pleasant to look at,
the Blue Ridge Mountains, the Loudon Valley, the
Shenandoah Valley, up and down the Potomac River,
Pleasant Valley, Maryland. The pleasure was well
worth the labor and the trouble I went through. Much
53

fighting had taken place in this vicinity but now quiet
and peaceful. Battles are liable to take place here most
any day. I always felt that Pleasant Valley, Maryland,
was rightly named, for it is a beautiful country.
April 23d. Early this morning the Johnnie Rebs
made an attack on the outposts on the Charlestown Pike.
A hot fire was kept up. Our pickets holding them in
check while our regiment was ordered out, double quick.
We made a forced march out about two miles but the
enemy had left. It was thought to be a scouting party,
who came near the outposts. Our scouts reported the
enemy going up the valley. Our regiment returned to
camp. Two large field guns were mounted in our camp,
pointed towards the Loudon Heights. Can be seen by
the enemy. They are ready for work at any moment
Weather permitting drill and dress parade are kept up.
Spare time devoted to reading and writing letters and
discussing the war question. Wondering what the out
come will be and when the end will come. All is quiet
in our camp.
April 26th. Marching orders received. Ordered
to report at Martinsburg. Now under General Sigel,
who has been put in command of all the forces in the
Shenandoah Valley, for an advance up the valley.
April 27th. Camp Hill, Bolivar Heights, near
Harper's Ferry. Broke camp. I am detailed to go by
train with regimental baggage, to load and unload and
also to guard it. The regiment on the march. By noon
time we had the baggage loaded and the train under
way, which makes a good run. On arrival baggage was
unloaded. Put up tent near railroad station. Must wait
for the regiment. Called on the German people who did
my washing and mending whenever we were in this
54

vicinity. Mrs. Shults invited me to remain and have
supper with the family. Such invitations did not come
very often, but I accepted and enjoyed it.
April 28th. Martinsburg, West Virginia. Up early
this morning, waiting for the regiment which soon came
marching into town, having camped for the night about
five miles out of town. Weather fine. Ordered to camp
out on the Williamsport Pike, north side. Just got camp
located, tents up, orders came to strike tents, turn them
over to the Quartermaster's Department, and in place to
receive shelter tents, also known as pup tents by the sol
diers. Ordered to be ready to march early on the
morrow. We are in for business now. Weather fine
tonight. April 2gth. Reveille at daylight, then roll call,
breakfast. Packed up waiting for orders to march,
while in line. The command being given, we began
our march, passing through town, out on the Winchester
Pike. Macadamized roads were known as pikes. Go
ing towards Winchester it was named after that town.
Going from Winchester the same road was known as the
Martinsburg Pike because it led to that town. Just out
side of Martinsburg the 8th Corps was forming, under
the command of General Sigel. This corps was also
called The Army of West Virginia and fhe Shenandoah
Valley. Our regiment was the last to arrive. Received
hearty cheers from the Ohio and West Virginia boys,
which we returned in good old Yankee style. We could
cheer. At this point we were brigaded with the 28th
and 126th Ohio Regiments under the command of
Colonel Moore, 28th Ohio, a German officer. About
nine o'clock we began our march, the day being very hot
and the road very dusty. Pushing up the valley. After
55

a slow, tedious march, late in the day, a halt was made at
Bunker Hill, a small village on the main pike. A sup
ply of good water. Tired and leg weary. Our record
for today's march, ten miles.
April 30th. At Bunker Hill. Only doing picket
duty and resting. Weather cloudy. Liable to march at
any minute. All is quiet and nothing important has
taken place up to this time. Camp made up with our
shelter tents.
May Ist. Marching orders this morning. Pushing
on towards Winchester. Passed over the battle-field
known to us as Carter's Farm, or Summit Point, on the
Harper's Ferry and Winchester R. R. On this field we
did some hard fighting against great odds, June 15th,
1863. Many of our boys were made prisoners. Talked
over the events of the battle as we marched along, point
ing out the places where our boys fell and were buried.
We are very familiar with this section of Virginia.
Pushing along, passed through Winchester. Very few
people in sight. Those we saw said they hated the Yan
kees. Hope we would all be captured and taken to Rich
mond. Out on the main pike, came to a halt near the
Union Mills. Our regiment detailed for picket on the
advance, near Kernstown. We are now in the enemy's
country. Liable to meet trouble at any time. The signal
corps is kept very busy. I do not know the code but it is
very interesting to me as I watch them work. They seem
to find every high point of ground where they get a fine
view of the country.
May 2d. Severe rain storm this morning. Came off
picket wet through. Tents no good, leaking very badly.
Our regiment still on the advance, holding the picket line
from the main pike to the Romney dirt road on the west.
56

May 3d. Received three days' rations. On picket
post near the Romney road. A dangerous point, as the
rebel scouts and cavalry take the dirt roads instead of
the pikes. Cannot be heard as they advance. Horses
make more noise on the pike.
May 4th. On the third relief last night from 1 to 3
A. M. Visited by the grand-rounds about 2 A. M. All
was well. Relieved this morning. Weather clear and
fine. Saw one of our cavalry scouting parties pass along
the pike, having captured a rebel Major and twelve men
up near Strasburg. Drilling and dress parade kept up
when the weather permits.
May gth. Nothing important has transpired since
the last date. Our regiment was kept on the advance
picket line. Orders to march. The army again on the
march. Pushing on up the valley. Getting farther from
our base of supplies as we march over the old pike wheie
we have marched before, while doing scouting duty.
Our cavalry on the advance are continually skirmishing
with the enemy's cavalry who try to contest every mile
as our advance pushes on. Marched through Newtown
and Middletown. Hot dusty marching. Much suffer
ing from the extreme heat. Every time we halt, run for
water. Many good springs in this section. Once in a
while we find a sulphur spring. Don't like the taste of
it but are obliged to drink it in order to quench our
thirst. I am in the best of health. Rugged enough for
this kind of life. Thankful that I am so well. Our ad
vance are continually skirmishing with the enemy.
Sometimes it sounds as though there was a hot time.
We are looking for a battle as we advance. Notice and
talk about the points of interest as we go marching on.
Fine country is this Shenandoah Valley. Blue Ridge
57

Mountains on our left. Came to a halt on the north bank
of Cedar Creek, about three miles from the town of Stras
burg. Make camp here for the night. Pleased when we
halt for the night.
May ioth. Turned out early this morning. Orders
to prepare for inspection and drill. Officers seem bound
to keep us busy. This afternoon while enjoying a bath
and a swim in Cedar Creek, felt something around my
leg under water. It did not take me long to pull the
thing off, which proved to be a water snake. With a
jump I was soon out of the water. My leg bled freely
from a small wound. First thought that I had been
bitten. No bad results coming from it, decided that the
wound was made by a sharp stone. Comrade Charlie
Geer of our company was with me.
May nth. Marching orders. Left camp early this
morning. The army on the move. Waded Cedar Creek,
on through the town of Strasburg, up Fishers Hill.
The boys are all in good spirits as we go marching on.
Halt and go into camp near the town of Woodstock, in
the valley. Marched about ten miles.
May 1 2th. A severe rain storm set in last night.
Detailed for picket. Wet through. Between the rain
and the mud we are in misery. Duty must be attended
to. We are in the field, the enemy's country. What
sleep we can get in the mud and rain doesn't amount to
very much, as we must lie on the ground. We are en
during hardships for our country. Very little growling
or complaining from the boys. Some of the boys will
call out, good natured, " Boys, it is three years or dur
ing," meaning during the war. Most generally creates
a laugh, in spite of our condition. Some changes in our
company. Color-sergeant Geo. W. Brady made first
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sergeant, Corporal Sylvanus Downer made color-
sergeant. May 13th. Rain continues. No prospect of a let up.
I helped our wagoner, Wm. Wetmore to water the mules.
Had to go about a half mile from our camp. My first
ride on a mule. Rode one and led others: We are won
dering if it will ever stop raining. Wet through. Must
attend to our duty and sleep on the wet ground. Mud,
mud, Virginia mud. Sticks like glue. Rain, rain.
May 14th. Rain. Broke camp at 4 o'clock this
morning. Again on the march, pushing up the valley.
Heavy cannonading going on at a distance. By the
sound, hot work must be going on at the front. March
ing on, passed through the town of Edenburg. Go into
camp about a mile from the town. Our regiment detailed
for picket duty. Relieved the 12th West Virginia Regi
ment. I was detailed with two hundred others to go on
post. The rest of the regiment formed the reserves.
Lieutenant Robert Kerr in command of the outposts.
Posted in the woods about one mile from headquarters.
Hot, muggy, wet weather. We are very anxious about
the morrow, as we listen to the heavy artillery firing. We
are about fifty miles from Harper's Ferry, our base of
supplies, with no prospect of re-enforcements, if needed.
The enemy have the advantage of railroads direct to
Richmond. Report comes that our cavalry are putting
up a hard fight at New Market, sixteen miles south of
Edenburg, and about fifteen from our picket line.
May 15th- Rain. Rain. On picket, wondering why
we do not get relieved. It is past time for the relief to
show up. Lieutenant Kerr sends a detail to camp to
learn the cause. Returned in a short time, reported the
regiment had left for parts unknown. The Lieutenant
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called in the pickets to the reserve headquarters in the
woods. Formed company and were ready for action as
we marched out of the woods to the pike, expecting to
meet the enemy's scouts. Instead we met our own cavalry
scouts who reported our regiment left in the night, going
up the valley towards New Market. We started on after
them, making a forced march, wet, tired, hungry, well
used up. Some misunderstanding of orders was the
cause of our being left on picket. It was a wonder to us
that we did not meet the rebel cavalry and have a hot
time, as they had been in this vicinity, scouting all around
us. We were determined to put up a hot fight, had we
met the enemy. Lieutenant Kerr kept urging us on, mak
ing a forced march up the pike. Duty having been so
severe, and the lack of rations for the past few days, we
were near used up. The last two miles of the march we
ran, and joined the regiment as they were going into
action, having made a march of sixteen miles with hardly
a rest, and very little to eat.
Colonel Moore, Commander of our brigade, pushed
our regiment and an Ohio regiment, with a section of
a battery, two field guns, about six miles in advance of the
main army, bringing on a general engagement. We
could not hold the enemy in check as they advanced
with a long line of battle. Our battery fell back. The
Ohio regiment followed, when our commander, Lieuten
ant-colonel Peale, gave the command to our regiment,
" By the right of companies, to the rear in column," so
we continued to march until we met the 34th Massachu
setts Regiment, coming running up with a battery, taking
a good position. The enemy was held in check, but for
a short time. Sigel managed to get his main force in
line, batteries posted, so the enemy was held in check.
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Our brigade suffered heavy loss. Some of the field pieces
had to be abandoned as the horses had been killed and
we were in too much mud to draw them away, or back
to the main line. It looked to us like a case of mis
management. May 16th. Last night we fell back to Mount Jack
son, when orders were given to fall back, or to continue
the march. ' I am about worn out for the want of sleep
and rest. This is war and the life of a soldier. With all
our troubles it continues to rain very hard and the mud
is deep. Hard work to keep on the march. We surely
are suffering for our country. Reverses will come, we
cannot help it. We try to do our duty. I am so tired and
worn out that I fell asleep on the march last night. This
may seem almost incredible. These are true facts that I
am writing.
After a continuous march we reached the town of
Strasburg late this afternoon. Passed through the town,
wading Cedar Creek, going into camp on the north side,
close to the creek. As soon as we halted, dropped down
on the ground and fell asleep, so tired and worn out.
Thankful for the privilege. The ground for a bed and
the sky for a covering. We are now thirty miles from
yesterday's scenes. Our scouts brought in a bushwhacker,
a tough looking specimen of humanity. Not much mercy
is shown to them.
May 17th. Near Cedar Creek. Took account of
stock this morning. A requisition goes to the quarter
master for a supply of clothes, rubber blankets, shelter
tents. Much of our luggage gets lost on the march and
in battle. Captain Wm. L. Spaulding, Co. B, killed at
Newmarket. Body brought along by members of his
company. Buried today near Cedar Creek, with military
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honors, the regiment taking part. It is intended to send
the body home later. I expect to sleep tonight in an
army wagon, near camp.
May 20th. Nothing important has transpired since
the last date. Weather warm and fine. Getting rested.
A soldier must obey orders, not ask questions, keep his
eyes open, be on the alert ready for the call to duty. Our
company, C, loss at New Market, twelve wounded, five
prisoners. General Sigel relieved of the command. A
good officer. Kind to the men under his command.
From a soldier's view we need more men in this, the
Shenandoah, valley. Major-General David Hunter
now in command. Dark complexion, black moustache,
stern looking. We don't like his looks. We are doing
picket duty and drilling as the days come and go. Writ
ing many letters. We manage to keep our writing paper
dry. May 2 Ist. Colonel Ely and other officers who have
been prisoners since June 15th, 1863, returned and
assumed command of the regiment. We are again in
good condition for any kind of duty that we may be called
upon. A good rest here, near Cedar Creek.
May 24th. Nothing of importance has taken place
in camp since the last date. Marching orders received
in the shape of general orders. Advance up the valley.
Four days' rations to be issued, with instructions to make
it last eight. That puts us on half rations, and we are also
put in light marching order. All extra baggage, with
knapsacks, sent to the rear, at Martinsburg. Regiment
on skirmish drill. Our company, color company, re
mains on the reserves. When the regiment forms in line
the formation is made on center company and the colors.

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All things are now ready for the advance. Waiting for
orders. May 26th. Broke camp very early this hot morning.
Once more on the march. Again waded Cedar Creek,
passing through Strasburg, on up Fishers Hill, hot and
very dusty. Again camp near Woodstock. Some of
the boys come from the town of Woodstock, Connecticut.
There are many incidents that remind us of home. As
soon as we halted for the night, began to hunt for wood
for our fires, to boil coffee, fry our bacon and hard tack.
We seem to be always hungry and ready to eat. The
health of the regiment at this time is good.
May 27th. Rain. Regiment ordered out into line
about 3 A. M. This is done to guard against a surprise
while we are in the enemy's country. Remained in line
about two hours, then stacked arms and were dismissed
and allowed to get our breakfast. This is a dark, rainy,
dismal day in camp. Late this afternoon a battalion, 5th
New York Heavy Artillery, came into camp, they having
made a forced march, being ordered to join the army.
We were old friends, having been in the same brigade
during the winter of 1862-3. We greeted them with
hearty cheers which they returned, while our Colonel and
their Lieutenant-Colonel, who was in command, were
shaking hands, while on horseback. Our company de
tailed for picket duty. Located on the extreme right of
the picket line.
May 28th. Nothing important occurred last night.
All quiet this morning. In an open country where we
have a good view. We are located west of the pike.
Ordered to keep a sharp lookout for the enemy's cavalry
and guerillas. Late this afternoon we were relieved from
picket duty. This is a fine country as we continue to see.
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May 29th. Left camp early this hot morning. Push
ing up the valley. Passed through Woodstock. Very few
people to be seen. They still inform us that they hate
the Yankees. Hope we will all be captured and be sent
to Richmond. Came to a halt at Mount Jackson. Line
of battle formed. The advance are having a hot time, as
we can plainly hear the boom of the guns. Passing over
the battle-field of the 15th, stopping near New Market.
I am in the best of health. Rations running low. Would
like more to eat. Hot, cloudy, muggy weather. Our
march today covers twenty miles.
May 30th. Owing to our rations running very low
some of the boys took the liberty to go foraging, going
without a permit from the General's headquarters.
They were rounded up by cavalry scouts, placed under
arrest, taken to headquarters, where they received a
severe reprimand from General Hunter. All were pun
ished. Non-commissioned officers reduced to the ranks.
Privates made to carry a heavy fence rail over the shoul
der and walk a beat for four hours. The lack of rations
and seeing the boys undergoing a severe punishment
made a gloomy time for us. The life of a soldier in the
field is no picnic. We can stand most anything but hun
ger. It did seem very strange to us that we could not
forage in the enemy's country. We are seventy miles
from our base of supplies, which must be brought to us
in wagons under a strong guard. Cavalry must do that
duty^ Reported that they have much trouble from the
guerillas under Mosby and others. They keep concealed
in the woods along the pike. From the hills they can
be seen far up and down the valley. Weather cloudy
and muggy.

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May 31st. This morning still finds us in camp on
the battle-field, near New Market. Orders from the
General's headquarters. Details have been made to
forage and sent out from headquarters. Inspection and
battalion drill by our Colonel, Ely. The first since his
return from prison. The Colonel, on the quiet, restored
to their former rank the non-commissioned officers re
duced by General Hunter for foraging. They were all
good boys, and driven to it by hunger. I often wonder
why we must have this awful war. This is a beautiful
country, at this time quiet and peaceful, but the horrors
of war liable to come at most any time.
June Ist. In camp waiting for orders to advance.
Skirmish drill during the forenoon. This afternoon
went to the Shenandoah River. Gave my clothes a good
washing, which they needed. Remained in the water,
having a good bath and swim, until they were dry. It
did not take long in the hot sun. No change of raiment
for a soldier in the field. Managed to carry one extra
pair of woolen stockings. Army brogans for soldiers.
Marching orders received.
June 2nd. On the march again, on through New
Market. As we go pushing up the valley, our advance
are again having a hot time, judging by the booming of
the guns. Passed the Lincoln Springs, a fine body of
water coming out of the ground. The force is strong
enough to drive a mill. A good drink from its cold
water. There are many fine springs in this valley. Our
boys are driving the Rebs as they advance. Report comes
that our cavalry boys have taken Harrisonburg. Hard
marching over these rough, stony roads. Very tired to
night.

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June 3d. In camp near Harrisonburg. Sat up very
late last night watching the Signal Corps using rockets
and roman candles. A wonderful sight. Reported Gen
eral Hunter is trying to get in communication with Gen
eral Crook who is in the mountains making for Staun
ton, the same point that we are headed for. Hospital in
town, containing a few wounded Union soldiers. Held
as prisoners, were re-captured: Among them was
Charlie Avery, a member of our company, wounded
through the chest. He surprised us by coming into our
camp asking for his brother Jim, also a member of our
company. Up to this time we did not know whether he
was alive. Could not remain with us, was obliged to re
turn to the hospital. The weather hot, muggy, with
heavy rain storms. Our shelter tents are poor protection
in these hard storms, as the rain pours down. We try to
keep as dry and as comfortable as we can. The boys
keep in good spirits and do not growl very much.
June 4th. Saturday morning. Up early and on the
march, going on through the town. About ten miles up
the pike is Mount Crawford, at which point the Shenan
doah River crosses the pike. The enemy have the mount
strongly fortified, a commanding position. About three
miles out of Harrisonburg we file to the left over a dirt
road. The intention seems to be to flank the mount. We
are now making for Port Republic, near which we were
obliged to cross the Shenandoah River. Owing to the
recent heavy rains it was very high, running swift. A
canvas pontoon bridge was made by drawing canvas over
boat frames which had been made and brought along.
The boats were made and placed in the river, when the
bridge was completed like any pontoon bridge, except
the canvas boats. (The first and only ones I ever saw, and
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was the only time I ever saw that one used.) It was a
frail thing for an army to cross on. General Hunter sat
on his horse very close to the frail bridge, anxiously
watching us cross, and shouting, " Men, break step."
That would divide the weight while we were on the
bridge. That seemed to be a duty that the General would
not trust to any one else. (I well remember that scene.)
As far as I know the army all passed over in safety. The
cavalry crossed at some other point. A young cavalry
man attempted to swim his horse across the river near the
bridge, slipped or fell from his horse and was drowned.
Many boys jumped in and dove for him. The high, swift-
running, dirty water was too much for them. The Shen
andoah River was his grave, as it was the grave of many
other Union soldiers. Some were members of our regi
ment, the 1 8th Connecticut. The enemy was driven out
of Port Republic, losing a large wagon train filled with
supplies, captured by our cavalry. The supplies were dis
tributed to us. A number of packages of coffee came to
our company, which gave to us a great surprise as they
were put up in our home town by Selden & Willard,
Norwich, Conn. Here we were, one hundred miles from
our base of supplies, in the enemy's country. It has often
been reported that there are people in the North getting
rich by running supplies through the blockade. These
people are anxious to prolong the war when they should
remember that every battle kills a soldier, and by the help
they give to the foes. These soldier boys have dear
friends at home. Passed on through Port Republic,
camping near the town. Hunter forced the enemy to
leave Mount Crawford and change front. Judging from
what we can learn the enemy is in strong force in our
front. Night sets in dark and raining.
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June Sth. Late last night our company detailed for
picket duty. Located at the ford, near the town. It was
a fearful, dark, rainy night. Every man was on duty and
on the alert all night. By order of General Hunter a
large woolen mill was burned this morning. I noticed a
number of women were crying as the mill burned. It
had been used to make cloth for the South. Death and
destruction follows in the path of war. This is a quiet
Sunday morning in old Connecticut. Here a battle is
about to begin. Came off picket, ordered to join the
regiment. After a forced march, about six miles, over
took the regiment, taking our position in the line. Soon
skirmish firing began and grew hot. Our boys driving
the Rebs as we advanced. About 7 A. M. the enemy
opened fire on our line with batteries well posted on high
hills, distance about two miles, getting range on our colors.
At the time we were advancing by division front, when
the shells began to come lively. Our Colonel's voice rang
out clear " By division, into line, right and left, half
wheel, forward, double quick." The command was
quickly executed as the regiment advanced in line
through the open lots, taking the extreme right of the
line of battle. We could plainly see all that was taking
place in the open country. The enemy's line of battle
was formed in a wooded field at the top of the highest
hills. We were forced to jump brooks, some quite wide,
and climb over fences, all this time under fire. We could
not return the fire because of our skirmish line in our
front, between us and the enemy.
Reaching the foot of the hill on which the enemy was
posted, we were ordered to crawl up it on our hands and
knees. Reaching the brow we were ordered to rise, at
the same time the enemy poured a deadly volley into our
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ranks. A number fell, and the stock of my gun was shot
off. As we started on a charge for the enemy in the woods
they broke and ran. As we poured a sharp fire into their
ranks, they left their first line of earthworks and fell back
to the second. We continued the charge on through the
woods, coming out into an open lot. Our Colonel being
mounted, saw the second line of earthworks in the edge
of another wooded field, commanded a halt, which was
done after a while. Then we were ordered to fall back
and re-form in the edge of the woods and to wait for
orders. My gun having been shot and no good, I picked
up another one on the field. I was very sorry to lose the
old musket. A number of our boys had fallen. The
enemy was strongly posted on another hill across an
open field which we must charge through in order to
get at them.
Orders came for us to take their works. A charge was
again ordered, but we were ordered to fall back and re
form. Another attempt was made to capture the works.
Owing to our heavy loss the Colonel ordered us to fall
back.. Our regiment was holding the extreme right of
the line. In the second charge across the field a bullet
pierced my tin coffee cup, hanging on my haversack,
making, as the boys said, two close calls for me. After
the second charge our Colonel called for a battery, posted
it in a good position on our right, where it did great
execution. The enemy attempted to take the battery but
we drove them back. A third charge was ordered across
the open field. We were again obliged to fall back.
The enemy's fire was too hot for us and we were losing
many good fellows. In the third charge the colors went
to the ground, the corporal of the color-guard, who was

69

carrying them, being shot down. I jumped and picked
up the flag, waving it and holding it up.
Later, orders came to prepare for another charge on
the enemy's earth works. A desperate effort must be made
to capture those works. As a signal, a cheer would ring
out from the left of the line, extending to the right, for the
entire length of the line, to charge. It was quickly done
and the battle was won.
The enemy threw down their arms and were pris
oners. In the fourth and final charge, the Confederate
commander, Major General Wm. E. Jones, was killed.
He was known as Billy Jones. I saw the dead com
mander lying on the field, he having been shot through
the forehead. I also saw the flag of truce when the Con
federates came for the body. I spoke to the escort, they
telling me who the dead General was.
The day had been a long, hard one. We were under
fire from 7 A. M. to 5 P. M. Sorrow came to us over our
loss, but we must have something to eat in order to keep
up. I carried several canteens over to the Shenandoah
River, filled them. On my return I stopped to see a
young wounded Confederate. Bathed his wound on his
foot with the water from my own canteen. He thanked
me kindly as he lay on the ground, patiently waiting for
his turn to be cared for. After having rations I picked
up a few blankets, visited the field hospital, and covered
our boys over with them, as the nights were cool. It was
a sickening sight to me. No more desire to visit a field
hospital after a battle. I made my way back to our com
pany in the dark. Lay down on the battle field for the
night, for rest and sleep. Dead and wounded around us.
June 6th. Up early this clear, hot morning. Dur
ing the night the wounded had been removed and cared
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for, and the dead buried. Our company's loss, twenty
killed and wounded. The loss in the regiment, one hun
dred and thirty killed and wounded. None taken pris
oners. The color-sergeants and the guard were all killed
or wounded except one. They were a part of our com
pany, as we were the color company. Very sad over our
loss. Such is the life of a soldier. Rations running very
low. This morning, fifty rounds of cartridges given to
each man, forty for our boxes, ten for our pockets. Left
the battle field. Again on the march, rather slow,
through wood-land, wondering what was in store for us.
After being under way for about two hours, suddenly,
great cheering was heard. The regiment came to a halt
as the cheers came nearer to us. Reports came to us by
scouts that our cavalry was in possession of Staunton,
where we expected to meet with stubborn resistance. We
were soon pushing for the town, said to be twelve miles
away, at the upper end of the Shenandoah Valley. The
march takes us over a rough, stony, hilly road, sometimes
through the lots, giving up the roads to the artillery and
wagon train. As we marched along there was much to be
seen by inquisitive Yankees. We entered the town
from the north, passing through what seemed to be the
main street, going into camp on the west side.
The scenery in this vicinity is grand. Town located
on hills and hillsides. Reminds us somewhat of our home
town, Norwich, Connecticut. We are soldiers, doing
hard service for our country in a cruel war, but for all
that we cannot help but take in the fine scenery. We are
living close to the earth, as we eat and sleep on the
ground. We try to improve every opportunity to take a
bath, wash our clothes, and swim. At this time the
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weather is very hot, dry, and dusty, which seems to come
very soon after the rain. Thunderstorms, in this valley,
are very fierce at times.
June 7th. Called up very early this morning. After
a light breakfast, ordered to fall into line. All sorts of
reports are in circulation, that guerillas and bush
whackers infest this section. We are one hundred miles
from our base of supplies, right in the enemy's country.
Our work today is to destroy the Virginia Central Rail
road by burning bridges and other property. It is hard
work, tearing up the track and ties. After being out on
the line all day we did not see any armed rebs. A guerilla
chief, known as Mudwall Jackson, is reported to be in
this vicinity. Late this afternoon we returned to town
and camp for the night. We put in a hard day's work
and were glad to have night come, for we needed the
sleep and rest. The ground makes a good bed.
June 8th. Again routed out early. Into line on the
march through town to continue our work of destruction.
Piling up ties, place the rails on top, set fire to the ties.
When the rails become hot in the center, they warp or
bend, making them useless. The march out of town,
along the railroad, destroying it, makes very hard work
for us, as we put in a long day, and not very much food.
We manage to pick up some corn meal and a little flour,
which we make into pan-cakes, called by the boys, Toe-
Jam. Some of the boys received bruises and jams in the
work on the railroad. There is much kicking over the
hard work.
In camp tonight, talking over the events of the day,
wondering what the morrow has in store for us. Many
buildings and much property in town have been de
stroyed by fire, by order of General Hunter. Many
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of the women look sad and do much weeping over the
destruction that is going on. We feel that the South
brought on the war and the State of Virginia is paying
dear for her part. The loss of our good boys brings us
many sad hours. We cannot help think, and wonder who
will be the next one to give his life for our country.
June gth. This morning still finds us at Staunton.
Called out early. Marched through the town. Destruc
tion goes on. It certainly looks bad for this town. It
seems to be a part of war. A large Confederate hospital
is located here, also a retreat for the insane. Among
the buildings destroyed are large tobacco warehouses,
much of the contents thrown into the streets. Tobacco
plenty. Many of our boys carried much of it into the
Confederate hospital, giving it to the poor fellows con
fined there. They were pleased and thankful, some even
saying they were glad we came, so I was informed by those
who went to the hospital.
Our regiment scouting through the country along the
line of the railroad, picking up horses and cattle wherever
we found them. Also protect the boys of the 5th New
York Heavy Artillery who were busy destroying the rail
road. By the time we leave here there won't be much
left in this vicinity.
Our scouts manage to find some meal and flour. We
are getting a part of our living in this vicinity. We use
a half of a canteen for a frying pan, a stick for a handle,
so we have pancakes, or, as the boys call them, toe-jam,
and fresh meat. The buildings destroyed in town and
along the line of the railroad were factories and ware
houses, and some public buildings. To my knowledge
no dwelling houses were burned up. In camp tonight.
June ioth. General Crook joined forces here with
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Hunter, coming into town from the west. It is now re
ported that the combined forces numbered about eighteen
thousand and that we will advance on to Lynchburg. All
sick and wounded who can be moved, including two thou
sand prisoners, will be sent with guards to Beckley, West
Virginia, one hundred miles to the northwest. After they
were well under way the army began its march, going
to the southeast of the town. The day a hot one, and very
dusty as we marched over the rough roads. The boys
keep up good courage, taking in the points of interest, and
at the same time going farther into the enemy's country.
All cattle and horses that can be found are taken in
charge by the Quartermaster's Department. Some of the
cattle are butchered in the night, the meat given to us in
the early morning. If we have time, we fry or broil it
before we begin our march.
After a march of about twenty miles, we stop for the
night. The next town that we are headed for is Lexing
ton. We take notice and comment on the various move
ments of the army and can most generally tell when the
enemy is near and in force.
June Ilth. Up and on the march by daylight. After
a few hours marching, judging by the cannonading, there
is hot work going on. We are pushing on for Lexington.
Find the town is located on the south side of the James
River. The enemy burned the bridge, delayed our cross
ing. The Engineer Corps provided a way for us to
cross on the ruins of the bridge. The cavalry and artil
lery crossed at some other point. The Engineer Corps
used lumber from nearby buildings to make the bridge
safe for us to cross.
At this point we received a great surprise. A wagon
train overtook us with supplies. Our rations at this time
74

were very low. The enemy were run out of town. We
go in camp on the east side. Lexington is a beautiful
town. The scenery grand. Reported to us that the sound
of Yankee guns had never been heard here before, or
until today.
Stonewall Jackson and many prominent rebel officers
lie buried here in the town's cemetery. The Washington
Military Institute is located here, the pride of old Vir
ginia. Governor Letcher resides here. Many other
fine residences are located here. The weather clear, but
hot. Scouts are bringing in prisoners. Detailed for
picket duty tonight.
June I2th. Sunday. Came off picket. General
Hunter is applying the torch, to many buildings. I
watched them burn. Among them were the Washington
Military Institute, and the home of Governor Letcher.
It was a grand and awful sight to see so many buildings
burning at the same time. A bronze statue of George
Washington was removed from the front entrance and
saved. It was put in one of the wagons, and in time was
to be sent to Washington, D. C. After the fires were out
I visited the ruins. The cavalry brought in to our lines
many slaves, the owners trying to hide them in the sur
rounding mountains. They were a husky lot, and could
run as fast as a horse. I saw them keep up with cavalry.
Visited many points of interest in and around this fine
looking town.
June 13th. A hot morning. All is quiet. Gave my
clothes a good washing, hanging them on the bushes to
dry. A good swim and bath while waiting for them to
dry. Dry quickly in this climate. No change of rai
ment, only one suit, we are in light marching order. A
soldier's life in the field is not always one of cleanliness,
75

marching in the dust and dirt, wading brooks and rivers,
sleeping on the ground.
Orders from the Colonel. I have been made a cor
poral, for bravery on the battlefield of Piedmont, June
5th, 1864. So the orders read. I donned my chevrons
for the honorable posish, 4th corporal, Company C, 18th
Regiment, Connecticut Volunteers, at Lexington, Vir
ginia, June 13th, 1864.
Marching orders received. We leave here to
morrow morning.
June 14th. Called up by daylight. This morning
a hot one. Must bid farewell to this town. The people
will no doubt be pleased to see us leaving. We had a
very quiet time here. Roads very dusty. Our scouts re
port the enemy in all directions. The boys are in good
spirits as we go marching along, taking observations,
looking for points of interest. Passed within four miles
of Virginia Natural Bridge. Was in hopes that we
could see it. These are rough, stony roads. After a
hard march we reached the town of Buchanon, near high
and lofty mountains. Here the enemy had burned the
bridge. The Engineer and Pioneer Corps made the
ruins strong enough for us to cross. We camp for the
night in a wheat field. Thankful to stop for a rest, after
marching about twenty-four miles. It looks to us as
though we shall be obliged to climb the mountains to
morrow. The road leads in that direction. This is a
wild looking country. The scenery grand. Very few
people can be seen as we pass through the towns and vil
lages on the line of march, going farther in the enemy's
country, and away from our base of supplies. It makes
us feel that we are in for much hard work and marching.

76

June 15th. Up and early on the march this hot
morning. Going up the narrow road over the mountains
we make very slow progress. The Rebs and bush
whackers have cut down large trees and fell them across
the road. The Pioneer Corps are having hard work to
clear the road. As we pass slowly along the bodies of
dead Rebs are lying beside the road, having been killed
by the advance scouts. They looked frightful, with their
long black beards and white faces, in death. The road
is very narrow and winding as we go on up the mountains.
At the side of the road one can look away down into the
valley and ravines. Army wagons can be seen down
among the trees. We suppose they must have broken
down and been pushed over to get them out of the way.
It was cause enough to set the boys talking and to help
make them forget their own troubles. A hard, tiresome
march over the mountains, stopping for the night between
the Peaks of Otter, having marched only fourteen miles.
Orders are to keep very quiet and not make any fires.
Must go without our coffee for the night.
June 16th. Last night some member of our company
started a small fire close to the root of a pine tree. It
was decayed through the center, which quickly caught
fire, the blaze shooting out at the top, like a high chim
ney. The tree being away up the mountain, the blaze
could be seen for miles along the Lynchburg Valley.
Attempts were made to put out the fire with dirt.
This morning finds us in the mountains, between the
Peaks of Otter, the highest mountains in Virginia. Our
signal corps climbed to the top of one of the peaks. We
get an early start, on down the mountain over a rough
stony road. At the same time we get a grand view of the

77

surrounding country. It certainly is fine. Good grow
ing crops in all directions. Passed through a large pea
nut field. The vines were fine but not much left of them
after the army had passed through the field. The ad
vance are skirmishing, as we can plainly hear. Fifteen
miles from the Peaks of Otter, we pass through the town
of Liberty, after a hot, dusty march. Out on the Lynch
burg Pike we go. Hungry, tired, foot-sore, we stop for
the night in a cornfield, near New London, after a march
of about twenty-four miles. Sharp skirmishing kept up
all day, showing the enemy is contesting our advance on
Lynchburg. We hear it reported that the Yankee army
has never visited this section of Virginia before. With
us, it is now on for Lynchburg, which we seem confident
that we can capture. We hope so.
June 17th. A cornfield was a rough place to sleep
for a night, and try to rest. Up early this morning.
After a hasty feed, again on the march, along the main
pike to Lynchburg. Our advance is slow most of the
time, as we drive the enemy along. At times it is hot
work. General Hunter, for reasons best known to him
self, has ordered the burning up of many fine old Vir
ginia mansions with all the contents. Many fine appear
ing ladies weep while their homes are burning. All they
can do is to look on. One cannot help but feel sorry for
them. That is cruel war. When told it was done by
order of the General, I heard one woman say, " I would
like to pull the General's nose." There were some great
fires along that Lynchburg Pike. One report was that
our men had been fired on from the houses that were
burned. They were not all burned, along the pike. It is
fight as we advance, at times, making a forced march.
Late this P. M. we go into battle near Lynchburg. A
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hot one. The enemy routed, retire to their main earth
works, near town. We capture two field pieces and a
number of prisoners. Darkness put an end to the fight.
The battle is known to us as Quaker Church, four miles
from Lynchburg. A line of battle having been formed,
our guns were stacked, with orders to keep close in line.
Getting a little feed, we dropped down on the ground
to try and get a little sleep and rest. In front of Lynch
burg, Virginia.
June 1 8th. Not much sleep and rest for us last night.
Pickets kept up a ceaseless firing, with an occasional shell
dropping in our midst. Could also hear the trains run
ning into town all night. Beating of drums, pounding
and hammering, and much noise. Estimated our lines
are formed within three miles of the town. Our regi
ment holds the extreme left of the line. In the early
morning the enemy dropped a shell in our midst. Two
of our boys were severely wounded, one having his leg
shattered, from which he later died. With us on the left
was Captain Snow, with his Maryland Battery, which we
had to support. The enemy made two attempts to take
the battery. We charged them and drove them back into
their earthworks both times. That battery did good serv
ice, as we could see, when the shells exploded in their
works. Lieutenant Robert Kerr, Company A, had command
of our* skirmish line. A cool, brave man in charge of a
responsible duty, which he performed well. Our
national flag was made fast to the roof of a large barn,
in plain view of the enemy. They tried to dislodge it.
It afforded us some amusement as we watched them
waste their ammunition. Later, when they ceased firing,
it was taken down. Our Colonel was wounded in the
79

neck by a piece of shell. While painful, it was not very
severe. He left the field, putting us under the command
of Major Peale, our Lieutenant-Colonel being a prisoner
at Richmond. At this point, on the left of the line, in
our rear, was a peach orchard. So severe was the firing
of the enemy that hardly a tree escaped the enemy's shells,
some being cut down and others had limbs cut off, while
many bore marks.
Our regiment, when not called up to protect the
battery, was lying down in a road, which afforded us
protection. We did lie close to the ground and were
protected by a two foot knoll of gravel. At one time
the enemy tried to sneak through a ravine to get our
battery. We were ordered to charge them. As they fell
back we followed them, until we were under a cross fire
by our own men and the enemy. Our boys, seeing our
colors, ceased firing, as we came to a halt, when orders
were given to right face, and forward, by file right,
double quick, which soon brought us in our position, just
in the rear of the battery. We put in a hard day and were
only holding our position, nothing gained. Supplies and
ammunition running very low. No prospect of help as
far as we could learn, and night coming on.
Orders received that we fall back tonight. We are
a sick, tired, discouraged lot of Yankee soldiers. After
dark the army began the return march. Our regiment
detailed for the rear guard. We cannot leave our posi
tion until the army is well under way. Our duty is a
very dangerous one.
June igth. Last night, by a forced march, we over
took the army. It was a fearful night. Dark, a part of
the time marching over rough roads, through lots, wad
ing small streams, fighting back the rebel cavalry. Glad
80

when daylight came, but no time to stop for rest this hot
Sunday morning. Tired, foot-sore, hungry, and about
played out, but must keep pushing on or be taken a pris
oner. The cavalry are now covering the rear. Again
passed through Liberty. A few miles from town, our
regiment ordered to lie down behind a hill in ambush, to
support the cavalry, they having got in the rear of the
enemy. After a sharp fight they were routed, and many
made prisoners. After these events we had a short rest
and a feed of fresh meat. Detailed for guard with the
wagon train for tonight.
June 20th. A hot morning. Traveled all night.
Most of the time at a lively gait, at times on the run, to
keep with the wagons and artillery. Sometimes we
would hang on to the tailboards in order to keep up.
Don't know how many miles we have covered since we
left in front of Lynchburg. Stopped this morning for
rest and rations, which consist only of fresh meat, broiled
and fried. We have been informed that this part of
Virginia is known as the Blue Gap country. We have
not stopped long enough to learn the names of the places
that we pass through. We are along the line of a rail
road leading to Lynchburg. This railroad, its bridges,
and property, are destroyed as we go along. Some of the
bridges are over deep ravines. When the bridge is gone,
the cars are run over into the deep ravines. They go
down with a great crash.
( Constant skirmishing is kept with the rear guard and
the enemy. The rear guard reports that many of our boys
are falling into the hands of the rebels, as they are worn
out and cannot keep up with the army. The suffering of
our men is something fierce. Clothing and shoes are
wearing out. Many are barefoot while we go pushing
6 81

over these rough roads. We are still guarding the wagon
train. At times we are obliged to trot in order to keep
up. There is room in many of the wagons so that the
guard might ride. It is against orders. Soldiers must
obey orders. On the road we pass a few houses once in
a while. Inhabitants very few in this rough country.
Mostly old men, women, and children. Young men are
in the rebel army. These people look as though they
were suffering for the southern cause. Very little forage
can be found in this mountainous country.)
June 2lst. After an all night's march, we reach the
town of Salem, Roanoke county, Virginia, located near
the mountains. The scenery good. After we came to a
halt by the roadside, tired — worn out — hungry, lean
ing up against a rail fence, I soon fell asleep. Later I
was awakened by the cavalry, then had to find my com
pany. By the buildings I should judge that this is a
college town. Our regiment detailed as rear guard.
Colonel Ely again in command, the wound in the neck
having improved. Ordered, with a battery, to march
back about one mile, pushing the enemy back and holding
them in check while the army wagons and artillery
passed through the gap near Salem, Blue Ridge Moun
tains. While we are holding the enemy in check our
Colonel acts as though he was nervous. If the enemy is
strong enough, we may get cut off and perhaps captured
before our turn comes to march through the gap, we
are so far in the rear with the battery. Late in the day
orders came for us to march on through the gap into the
mountains where we were surprised to see some of the
wagons and a battery badly damaged. A portion of the
train was not guarded when a dash was made by gueril
las who were in ambush in the woods. A detachment
82

of our cavalry was soon on the ground with the Spencer
carbine, routed and captured a number of the guerillas.
Reported we are headed for a place called New Castle.
After a short rest we received a small piece of fresh meat.
Pushing along, expecting to stop for the night. Hungry
and thirsty. Very little water to be found in these moun
tains. Footsore and very tired. Wonderful what men
can endure. It is either push ahead or be left and made a
prisoner. June 22nd. In camp late last night after a long hard
march. A good night's rest. The ground for a bed and
the sky for a covering. Sadly in need of rations. On the
march pass the ruins of many army wagons being burned
up to prevent them falling into the hands of the enemy.
Many horses and mules are giving out, drop for the lack
of feed and rest. It is hard pulling those wagons over
these rough mountain roads. All horses and mules that
cannot be driven or led are shot to prevent the enemy
from getting them, as all they need is rest and feed for
most of them. War is a cruel thing. I wish it was over.
In conversation, while on the march, with Captain
Meigs, Engineer Corps, he thought we ought to break up
the gang of guerillas following in the rear. Asked us
boys if we were ready to fight them, the answer was yes.
Many are dropping out by the roadside, too weak and
used up. Reported we march from ten to thirty-five
miles a day. Clothing and shoes giving out. Very little
forage can be found in these mountains and valleys. Our
route takes us over the Potts Mountains, very high. Our
suffering is intense, as many are barefooted.
Just at dark we reach the town of New Castle and go
into camp for the night.
Thankful that we are to get a night's rest. Two of
83

our company found a bag of flour. It was portioned out
to each member. Mixed with water we had pan-cakes
(toe-jam). We have plenty of coffee, no sugar. A little
coffee goes a good ways. Some of our boys stole a bag of
coffee from General Sullivan's headquarters. He was
our division commander. Of course it could not be
found, as it found its way in many haversacks.
June 23d. Left New Castle very early this hot morn
ing. No air in these valleys of Virginia and West Vir
ginia. Most of our rations consist of fresh meat. It is
brought in to us in the night and cooked in the night,
broiled on the end of a ramrod. It is hard to keep out of
our minds, but is generally believed that we are eating
horse and mule meat. When we left Cedar Creek on this
raid, General Hunter informed us that we might be
obliged to eat horse flesh before our return. At that time
we were ordered to be careful of our rations.
All the roads in the mountains and valleys are bad,
hard for our feet. It is now thought that we are in the
Alleghany Mountains. In spite of all our hardships we
cannot help admiring the scenery. How we could enjoy
it if we had plenty to eat and could take our time march
ing along. Up and down, over the mountains we go,
until we reach the Sweet Springs, twenty-six miles from
New Castle. Here we are to stop for the night. Large
fine buildings here. A resort. Deserted. Generals
Hunter and Crook located headquarters in a large, fine
building. Our regiment stopping nearby. Rations for
tonight, plenty of fresh meat and coffee. While we are
all tired, foot-sore, and near used up, there is but little
growling or fault-finding. Keep up courage very well as
we endure these hardships, all for our country. While
the days are hot, the nights are cool.
84

June 24th. Did not have to hurry up this morning.
After breakfast, orders were, we remain here for the day.
I started out to find water where I could take a bath.
While hunting for such a place I met Sergeant Samuel
Lee, Co. A, who was on the same errand. Together we
hunted for water through the lots. We were rewarded
by finding a small brook with a deep hole, close to the
foot of a high mountain. A good clean place. Water
enough for a good bath but not for a swim. Remained in
the water for a long time. After the bath we visited the
springs. Drank freely of its waters. Walked around the
grounds and in some of the buildings. The soldiers
raised havoc with the place. It was a fine property,
badly ruined. At the springs we met our Colonel and
Colonel Rodgers, 2nd Maryland. Our Colonel said,
" Boys, you ought to find a place for a bath." We in
formed him, "We just came out of the water."
" Where? " he asked. We pointed out the place across
a lot. Thanking us, they made tracks for the place. We
lay down under the fine trees for a rest. This is certainly
a beautiful place. On returning to the regiment, orders
had been given that we leave in the early evening for an
all night's march. It is done on account of the extreme
heat. After a feed of fresh meat and coffee, line was
formed and ready for the march.
June 2 Sth. After an all night's march we stopped to
rest at a place known as Dry Run, near the White Sul
phur Springs. Another severe march over bad mountain
roads. Up to this morning reported we marched
eighteen miles. Passed many horses and mules down and
out. Poor things must be shot. Must die for the need
of a rest and feed. Many wagons continue to be burned
up. Many of the boys drop out, weak and faint, who will
85

be captured by the mountain guerillas following in the
rear. So I was informed by a scout. The White Sul
phur Spring was another fine resort ruined as the results
of the war. I am often reminded that death and destruc
tion follow the path of war. Our marching continues, on
across the Green Brier valley. Waded seven rivers, as
we supposed. Later we learned that it was all one river,
the Green Brier, and a very zig-zag one at that. This
is known as the Green Brier country. It is surely rightly
named. I never saw such a quantity or such high green
briers. We try to observe all these points of interest as
we go pushing along but we cannot forget our suffering,
and it is all for our country. It certainly is a fearful
time as we tramp on, through and over these mountains.
Reported that the next town we are headed for is
Lewisburg. It is also claimed the town is in possession
of the enemy. Later reports come that our advance has
the town. Four miles from the town we found General
Crook's division in camp. We file from the road and
go into camp. Eighteen miles from Dry Run and thirty-
six from Sweet Springs. Almost a continuous march.
Foot-sore, tired, hungry. The lack of rations is
getting to be a serious thing to men as near played out as
we are. Report comes, supply wagons are on the way to
meet us. We are glad to get out of that rough green-
brier country. I am detailed for picket duty tonight. It
is a serious thing when one is so near played out. Well,
this is war, we are in it until it closes, no matter how long
it may last.
June 26th. Lewisburg, West Virginia. Very early
on the march. Nothing to eat except a cup of hot, black
coffee, on a hot morning. Dragging ourselves along.
Trying to keep up our courage. Our next stopping place
86

will be Meadow Bluff, where we expect to find rations.
After a slow, tiresome march over mountains, we came
to a halt at Meadow Bluff.
Rations of fresh meat were given to us. Remained
here six hours. Very little water and very poor. Late
this afternoon we again began to march. After dark,
small fires were made along the roadside. It made us
think that the advance was in camp, so the boys would
take courage and push along. Fifteen miles from
Meadow Bluff, along in the night, we came to a halt,
dropped on the ground, and were soon asleep.
June 27th. Again on the march. I will be thankful
if I can hold out until we get rations. Progress is very
slow over these mountains. Roads are badly washed by
the heavy rains. This is no time to repair roads. They
are very dangerous, not only for the men, but also for the
poor horses and mules drawing the cannons and heavy
army wagons. Very few houses and not much settlement
along these mountain roads, so that we see very few
people. After a forced march, about eighteen miles, came to
a halt at the foot of the mountains. In the distance we
saw what looked like wagons coming towards us. It
proved to be farm wagons. The farmers offered their
services to bring us rations. How thankful we were to
meet them. Each man received two hardtack and a small
piece of fresh meat. We were a foot-sore, hungry,
ragged, dirty crowd of Uncle Sam's soldiers. Our suffer
ing has been intense, over the mountains. The farmers
informed us it was reported that Hunter's army was
starving in the mountains. Raining very hard tonight.
June 28th. Again on the march this hot, muggy
morning. Still climbing the mountains. After a march,
87

about twelve miles, came to a halt. Do not know the
name of this section of Virginia. At this point rations
are piled up by the roadside. Waiting for our turn to be
supplied, which was slow work. Becoming impatient
and could not wait, some of the boys made a raid on the
supplies, helped themselves. After a good feed of bacon,
hardtack, and coffee, we felt much better. After a short
rest we are again on the march, taking more interest in
the mountains and scenery. After a march reported to
be nine miles, we camp for the night well up the moun
tains. Don't know the name of the place. Reported we
are headed for the New River and Gauley Bridge, West
Virginia. June 2gth. Up very early this morning and on the
march. A hot, muggy morn. After being under way
about two hours, we could hear in the distance the pop
ping of guns. Sounded like skirmishing firing. We
thought there was music ahead for us. We kept pushing
on. After a time the road rounded a curve on the moun
tains, where we could see ahead for a short distance. We
could see the men leave the road and some running back.
As we came near the point, saw that it was a cliff, a great
overhanging rock. We learned that it was known as the
Hawk's Nest, giving a grand view of the New River,
the mountains and valleys. We were allowed a look and
permission to shoot, and listen to the wonderful echo our
old muskets made. The view was something grand and
awful. Shall never forget that scene. We learned there
was a legend connected with its history. Indian lovers
jumped from the cliff because the father, a chief, would
not let his daughter marry the man of her choice. The
story was told us by people living near.
After a time we began to descend the mountains,
88

which I learned were the Gauley Mountains. At the
foot of the mountains we came to a halt at the Gauley
River, the bridge having been destroyed at the breaking
out of the war, when General Rosencrans drove the rebel
General, Robert E. Lee, out of West Virginia. We went
up the river a short distance, where we managed to cross.
The New River and the Gauley meet at this point and
form the Great Kanawah River. A short distance from
the Gauley River, on the bank of the Kanawah River, an
ideal spot, camp was located. At this point rations had
been stored for Hunter's hungry army. Good bacon, salt
beef, salt pork, rice, beans, coffee, sugar, hardtack. Good
water. Fine place for bathing. The Kanawah River
was as clear as crystal. Plenty to eat, a chance to bathe,
wash our clothes, rest, made a great improvement in our
condition in a very short time. This is a very interesting
point here, as we learn its history from the old residents.
They seem pleased to meet us and give us all the par
ticulars about the location. Great lofty mountains on
each side of the rivers. More inhabitants here than we
have seen in any place for a long time.
June 30th. Up very early this fine morning. A
good bath in the waters of the Great Kanawah. A good
place to dry our clothes on the bushes. We remain in
water for a long time. So refreshing and good. At this
point a great battle had taken place when General Rosen
crans drove the rebels out of West Virginia, who were
under the command of General Robert E. Lee. The
bed of the river was covered with shells, solid shot, pieces
of exploded shells, and bullets. I never saw anything
like it before. This battle took place the first year of
the war. I have a bullet picked from the bottom of that
river by myself. Received orders to clean up for inspec-
89

tion, and muster for pay. Having a good time and a
much needed rest. We are all in good health in our com
pany. Wonderful what men can endure. Thankful for
a good rest in this quiet, ideal place where there is so
much of interest.
July Ist. This hot morning finds us still in our good
camp on the banks of the Great Kanawah River, sur
rounded by lofty mountains. We have been informed
of a fine spring of water over the river, upon a mountain.
Some of the residents wish that we would try it and
drink of its good waters. They offered us the use of a
boat. We rowed over, taking a number of canteens.
After a good drink from the spring coming out of the
side of the mountain, we had a most wonderful view of
this fine valley from another point. The pleasure we had
paid us well for our trouble. At this point the river is
very wide and deep. We were informed by old resi
dents that soundings had been made and failed to find
any bottom.
Wrote many letters from here. Weather fine for
camp life. Shelter tents are all right in fine weather.
Since the battle of Piedmont, June 5th, our company has
been under the command of a sergeant. Two of our
officers are prisoners, and one absent on account of
wounds. Marching orders received. Must leave this ideal
spot early tomorrow morning. Here we have plenty of
good rations and a good rest. Late this afternoon a hard
shower came up, a regular mountain shower. The
clouds broke loose right over this spot. So hot we don't
mind it very much, will soon dry up. It all comes in the
life of a soldier.

90

July 2nd. Routed out early this morning, a hot one.
Packed up, ready to march. We bid farewell to our
good camp, where we received so much pleasure in this
section of West Virginia. After a march of twenty-six
miles over a very rough, stony road, along the banks of
the Kanawah River, we came to a halt at a place known
as Camp Piatt, near the river. The march was a hot one,
causing much suffering to the men. No air in this valley.
Informed we take boat at this point for Parkersburg,
West Virginia. Rations very plenty at this point. All
horses and wagons are to be sent overland, a distance
of one hundred miles. Waiting for the boats to arrive.
July 3d. No boats showed up last night. This
morning finds us still waiting at Camp Piatt. Yester
day's march was a hard one. We are resting while wait
ing. Up and down hill over these old stony roads makes
a fellow tired and used up. At noon two boats arrived.
They had large stern wheels and flat bottoms. The first
I ever saw. About two o'clock we marched on board
and were soon under way, leaving Camp Piatt, sailing
on down the Kanawah. Weather fine and we were en
joying the trip. A pleasant change. Scenery grand on
the river through this mountainous country. Salt, iron,
coal, in these mountains along each side of the river.
The boats are going very slow down the river. We are
in no hurry. We make good use of the time, eating and
sleeping whenever we feel like it. Night coming on,
reported we will tie up for the night and start by daylight
tomorrow morning.
July 4th. The day we celebrate. At dark last night
the boat tied up at Charleston. Went ashore for a while.
The town is located on a bluff, which we had to climb
to reach it. As we saw it in the dark, it was a dirty
91

looking place. Perhaps because it was a mining town.
The boat left at daylight, going on, down the river. The
boat being flat bottomed, to sail in shallow water, we
came near tipping the thing over as we made a rush to
one side, something having attracted our attention. The
officers of the boat let out a yell " Trim ship ! " and
then explained that we must not do such a thing. We
got our lesson, the way the boat tipped. We were care
ful after that.
Having a good time, as the boat goes slowly down
the river, taking in all the points of interest. As we are
near the Ohio River we pass Point Pleasant, on the Vir
ginia side. Here we leave the Kanawah River and are
out on the O-hi-o. Surprised when the boat headed
down the river, as we supposed we were going up. After
a run down the Ohio, about four miles, we landed at
Gallipolis, and were ordered to go ashore. In the early
morning, on the Kanawah River, we were allowed to
celebrate for a while, by discharging our muskets.
At Gallipolis, Ohio, we were ordered to wait for a
larger boat to take us up the river. Here the people
were very kind, tried to make our stay happy. I bought
a quart tin pail to use, taking the place of the one shot
through at the battle of Piedmont. It had a cover, bail-
handle. Up to this time I had used an old fruit can to
make coffee in. While waiting for the boat, conversed
with the people, who were very kind to us. Informed us
it was reported Hunter's army was starving in the moun
tains of West Virginia. He was censured by the people
and the press. It was also reported he could have taken
Lynchburg, had he got there the day before. That could
have been done by not stopping so long at Staunton and
Lexington. I often wonder whether a true history of
Hunter's raid to Lynchburg would ever be written and
published. 92

As soon as the large boat arrived we were quickly on
board, going up the O-hi-o. This being a holiday, many
people were along the banks celebrating. They greeted
us with cheers, firing guns. Whenever the boats came
near the shores, the people came with baskets, filled with
bread, cakes, and pies, and threw to the soldiers. It was
laughable to see us catch pies. As our hands caught one,
they would generally go to pieces, making many a hearty
laugh. The people seemed to enjoy the fun while watch
ing us eat whatever we caught. This trip up the Ohio
River is very enjoyable, except when the boat runs
aground or sticks on a sand bar. Then we were obliged
to wade ashore, and perhaps walk from one to two miles,
or until the boat got into deep water. At this time the
river is very low. The boat seems to find all the sand
bars. Shouting and cheers greet us as we go up the
river. The boats carrying the soldiers were overloaded.
A memorable trip for the 18th Connecticut Regiment.
Owing to the low water, the boat will tie up for the night.
The rest and change is very beneficial, also gave us time
to talk over the past two months. It am very thankful
that I was able to keep my place in the ranks, and not
obliged to fall by the wayside. It is claimed we marched
over seven ranges of mountains. Passed through four
battles, six skirmishes, since we left Martinsburg. At
times our suffering has been intense. Feel that we have
suffered much for our country.
I am detailed to take charge of the guard for tonight,
on board the boat, while tied up to the shore. Guard
duty is kept up at all times. At times must act as a
sergeant. July Sth- At daylight this morning the boat got
under way, pushing on up the great Ohio. Passed the
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towns, Middlesport, Pomeroy, Syracuse, on the Ohio side,
and Hartford, West Virginia. The farther up the river
we go, have more trouble with low water. Sand bars
are many. Again obliged to wade ashore. Later, go on
board a smaller boat. It seems to make good time as it
pushes along. Reported the boat will push along all
night. This will close our second day on the water. A
very pleasant and interesting trip. A good rest, good
food, and very plenty. We are now in good condition,
ready for duty. This will no doubt be our last night on
board the boat. Another good rest, provided all things go
well with us during the night.
July 6th. A very pleasant morning. A good night's
rest. The boat pushed along all night. Must be getting
near our journey's end, or destination, Parkersburg. Soon
after noon the boat grounded and held fast. We were
again obliged to wade ashore, on the Ohio side. Later
it was decided, we give up the boat and march on to
Parkersburg, distance, from five to six miles. The march
was over a good road through a fine country. The field
officers, not having their horses, set the pace, which was
very slow. We had them that time, for we could march
right away from them. The horses and wagons were
coming overland from Camp Piatt. During the march
we were among friends. Some of the old settlers were
from Connecticut. The old and young people were
pleased to see Connecticut soldiers. We came to a halt
quite often to talk to the people. One very old gentleman
brought out an old powder horn which he claimed was
once the property of General Putnam, of Revolutionary
fame. He also made claim to be a descendant of General
Putnam.

94

The march through Ohio was very pleasant, the
people were so kind. Parkersburg was in West Virginia,
we were in Ohio. Were carried over the river on boats.
At this point, while waiting for a train, we received a
large mail. I received two letters. A long time since we
heard from home. Hunter's army took train at this place.
A train of box cars was made ready for us, into which we
were packed like a lot of animals. At times we were
made to feel that we were cattle. Hope I can live to see
the finish up of the war. This is a strenuous life. It's
all for our country.
July 7th. Rain this morning. Late last night the
train got under way. Kept running all night. Soon after
daylight a number of us climbed to the top of the cars. I
always did that when I could. It relieved the packed
condition of the inside. I have slept many miles while
riding on top of the old box cars. The B. & O. R. R.
leads through a mountainous country, West Virginia. As
we rounded a curve we saw a large hole in the mountain.
There came a shout for every man to lie down as the train
entered a tunnel, a long one. We lay face downward.
Thought the heavy smoke from the engine would smother
me. A fearful experience. Before I could get down into
the car we entered another. As soon as we passed through
the second one, I made haste, got inside. That was tunnel
riding enough for me.
Passed through Clarksburg and Grafton. Nothing
important transpired during the run so far. The train
moved along very slowly with its human freight, packed
in filthy old box cars, soldiers who were fighting for our
country. Wonderful how patient the men are, and what
we have to endure. In the filthy box cars we came in con
tact with an army of pediculers. 95

July 8th. A bright morning in the mountains. Up
to last evening we were two hundred miles from Parkers
burg. At nine o'clock this morning we arrived at Cum
berland after a very slow journey. We are now in Mary
land. A great coal mining'country. Here we left the
cars. Could not proceed any farther, the rebels having
destroyed the railroad on beyond this place. Many
bridges cross the mountain streams. Later in the day we
march on to Cherry Run. Go into camp. Reported that
the enemy, in strong force, are at Martinsburg. Late
this P. M. I am detailed for picket duty.
July gth. This fine morning finds me on picket near
Cherry Run, Maryland. Nothing important occurred
so far. Late this afternoon relieved from picket.
Ordered to join the regiment, it having left Cherry Run
and advanced east along the line of the railroad, towards
Martinsburg. After pushing along from six to eight
miles, found headquarters located at Back Creek, the regi
ment having reached here in the early morning. Com
panies A and C were out on scout duty in the direction of
Martinsburg. They returned late tonight without having
found the enemy. The railroad is badly damaged. Busi
ness on the line is suspended east of Cumberland, as far as
Harper's Ferry. This is an important railroad through
to the west. It has met with great losses on account of the
war. July ioth. Back Creek, seven miles from Martins
burg. Some of the companies are out scouting about all
the time. The enemy must be near. All sorts of rumors
are in circulation. Our scouts do not run up against the
Confederates. Bridge over this creek has been destroyed.
When we cross it, must wade. We are well acquainted
in this section, having done much duty along the line of
this railroad. 96

July nth. Called up early this morning. Orders to
march. Left Back Creek. After a slow march of about
seven miles we came to Martinsburg. We call this our
home town, having served in this section of the Shenan
doah Valley for two years. Marched through the town,
meeting a few old friends. Camped on the south side,
near the Winchester Pike. The enemy left town early
this morning. Our knapsacks, with extra clothing, left
here when we began our march up the valley in May,
were taken by the rebs, so we lost our clothing that we
expected to find here on our return. On picket. Strict
orders for tonight, as the enemy is reported a short dis
tance south. Keep a sharp lookout.
July I2th. A fine morning. When relieved from
duty went to the large spring for a bath. Called on Mrs.
Shults, my wash-woman. A fine old German woman.
Always did my washing and the mending of my clothes.
Her old father lived with her. Owned a small home on
the Winchester Pike, close to the town. They were
pleased to see the Union soldiers in the town again. So
far all things remain quiet. The enemy must be in this
section. July 13th. Routed out by daylight. After rations,
while waiting, wrote a few letters. The mail was most
generally looked after by the Chaplain. Marching
orders, " Fall in," came the command, line soon formed.
Down through the town we go, out on the Harper's Ferry
Pike. Weather fine. Soon take the route step, an easy
gait. We take that step when there is no immediate
danger of meeting the enemy. About ten miles out on the
road we were surprised to meet our old commander,
General Sigel, and staff, with a large escort. He was
headed west while we were going east. Nothing im-
7 97

portant occurred during our march over rough roads.
Night coming on, we halt for the night within a few miles
of Harper's Ferry. It is thought we have marched four
teen miles.
July 14th. We have to turn out at daylight. Soon
after rations, again in line and marching. We are getting
very ragged. Many are barefooted. Clothes will wear
out in this rough life. Pushing along. Marched over
Bolivar Heights, down through Harper's Ferry, over the
Potomac River on the railroad bridge, into Maryland,
taking the river road along the canal through Sandy
Hook, camping near Knoxville. A mail received. Very
tired tonight. It is thought we have marched about fif
teen miles. Detailed for picket.
July I Sth. Came off picket very early. A fine morn
ing. The army again on the march. Our regiment in the
rear, waiting for orders. Passed through Knoxville,
pushing on to Berlin, Maryland. Coming to a halt dis
covered the advance wading the Potomac River, over into
Virginia, the Loudon Valley country. At this point there
was a stony ridge running diagonal across the river. At
low water it could be forded. At this time the water was
about waist deep and the stones were very slippery. In
order to keep our ammunition and rations dry we carried
our equipments and haversacks fastened to the muzzle
of our muskets, over our shoulder. Some of the boys lost
their footing, went down under the water, getting a duck
ing. There was much laughing, joking, and shouting, in
spite of the wetting we were all getting. On reaching
the Virginia shore no time to halt, not even to stop and
pour the water out of our shoes. Must push on in our wet
clothes over dusty roads which soon formed a mud cover
ing. After a time our clothes began to dry as we marched
98

on in the hot sun, the dirt dropping off. By night our
clothes were all dry and we were all in better spirits.
Many reports are in circulation that we are following on
after the rebs under the command of Jubal Early, who
have been raiding into Maryland. Late tonight camp
near Hillsborough.
July l6th. Yesterday we had a long tedious march,
putting in a hard day. Last night we were glad to drop
on the ground for rest and sleep. This is a hot morning
out here in the open fields. Our cavalry boys brought in a
captured rebel wagon train. The rebel teamsters were
driving as directed by our boys who held guns in their
hands. The teamsters knew what that meant. Orders
came for us to move into the shaded woods which we
found cool and fine.
General David Hunter relieved of his command.
General George Crook now our commander. The 8th
Corps. Six pointed star. We are also known as the Army
of the Shenandoah.
July 17th. Sunday morning. Late last night we
were ordered to march. Estimated we marched about
five miles, when we came to a halt in a wooded field. Fine
large trees. During the night we heard the rattling of the
wheels of artillery and wagons, being driven very rapid,
going south. This morning report reached us that itwas
the enemy's guns and wagons. No doubt there is hard
work before us. Don't just know our present location ex
cept that we are somewhere in the Loudon Valley, Vir
ginia. Orders for Sunday morning inspection. It won't
be a very clean one. After that duty was performed we
rested and slept. Large stacks of grain were burned in
this vicinity to prevent the enemy from getting. It made
a hot fire and a great loss. It will no doubt cause much
99

suffering among the people. Women and children in
these parts must suffer by the war which is a cruel thing.
I am sorry for them. As soon as they hear the reports
of the guns, they take to the cellars for protection. Shot
and shell go through many houses that are in range of
the guns. I have seen many houses that were damaged
by the field guns. This Sunday night finds us in the
woods, cool and good aii;, while the sun was red hot, out
in the open.
July 1 8th. Up and early on the march this fine morn
ing. Pushing on to the south in the direction of Snicker's
Gap, Blue Ridge Mountains, eighteen miles south of
Harper's Ferry. We cannot tell what an hour may bring
forth. As we approach Snicker's Gap we came to a halt.
Here we meet a part of the 6th Corps, Army of the Poto
mac, and a division under Colonel Mulligan, the Colonel
of the 23d Illinois Regiment. After a few hours' halt up
the side of the mountains came orders to advance slowly
through Snicker's Gap. Then proceeded slowly down the
west side of the mountains on towards the Shenandoah
River. A battle seems to be imminent. Ordered to wade
the river. At that point the river was waist deep. When
over, a line was quickly formed. Ordered to lie down,
our clothes being wet. Before our division was all over,
the enemy made a furious attack on us from the woods,
in our front and on our right. Our regiment had the ex
treme right of the line. We fought them desperately and
were losing many of our boys. We held on as we expected
help from the 6th Corps and Mulligan's division, which
did not come. We saw plainly the enemy massing a large
force on our right, as our regiment was holding that point.
Our Colonel saw the dangerous position that we were try
ing to hold and no prospect of help, ordered left face, and
100

to re-cross the river under a galling fire of musketry and
cannon. It was a fearful thing to re-cross that river, as it
was deep in places. Some of our boys who were wounded,
drowned as they attempted to re-cross before reaching the
ford, or the place where we crossed. In this battle it was
claimed the rebs used explosive bullets on us. The oppo
site bank where I crossed was about eight feet high, very
slippery, made so by the men who had climbed up before
me. As I made my way almost to the top of the bank,
pulling myself up by the bushes, an explosive bullet struck
near me. The report and the fire from it caused me to
loose my hold on the bushes and slip down the bank into
the river. At that time I thought I was a goner. Soaking
wet, I made another attempt to reach the top of the bank
and was successful.
We were then forced to ascend through a large open
field under fire. Shot and shell flew furiously. General
Wright finally ordered a battery into position to protect
us. As seen by the men in the ranks, it was strange that a
small force was ordered over that river to cope with
Early's force, and the 6th Corps near by.
Camp tonight at Snicker's Gap with the 6th Corps.
Discussed the events of the day. Discouraged and mad,
saying hard things about General Wright, Commander of
the 6th Corps. Some things are hard to understand in the
life of a soldier.
July igth. This hot morning finds us at Snicker's
Gap. Everything quiet. The enemy on one side of the
river and we the other. Both armies where we see one
another. Later in the day batteries were put in position
on both sides, and occasionally open fire on one another.
One shell from the enemy seemed to go farther than any
other, as I saw it explode in the ranks of the 6th Corps.
101

Several were wounded. They were over a hill and sup
posed to be out of range of the enemy. The batteries in
position make us feel a little uneasy. Don't know when a
shell may come over our way, for we are in plain sight of
the enemy. Night coming on finds us at Snicker's Gap.
Hope for a quiet night, a good rest, and sleep.
July 20th. Called up early, this hot, muggy morn
ing. The 6th Corps early on the move. Watching them
cross the Shenandoah River at Snicker's Ford. No enemy
in sight. We follow on after the 6th Corps. As we wade
the river I think it was never known to rain harder. We
were soaked from head to foot. Crossing the river we
filed to the right, going down the river into camp on the
battlefield of the 18th, two days before. Looking over the
field we were surprised to see that the enemy had not
decently buried our dead who fell into their hands. Our
boys gave them a decent burial.
Camp in the woods that were occupied by the enemy
during the battle. Raining very hard. We build a large
campfire which helps to keep us more comfortable dur
ing the night.
July 2 Ist. The sun came up this morning bright and
warm. The morning finds us in the same woods where we
passed the night. A foraging party, sent out last night
from our regiment, returned with flour, bacon, hams.
The officers appropriated the best sugar-cured hams.
Late in the night the hams were taken from the officers'
mess. No one seemed to know what became of them.
Officers put up a great kick, were mad through and
through. Of course the boys were all innocent. Punish
ment was in store for the rascals who stole the hams. A
fine nice piece found its way into my haversack. I did
not put it there but thought I could guess who did. I
did not ask any questions. It sure was good to eat.
102

I visited the river to take a look at the place where we
crossed during the battle of the 18th. Thought it another
case of mismanagement, although it did seem at times that
men must be sacrificed in order to find out the plans and
location of the enemy. No troops should have crossed
that river at the time without being well supported.
That was the way we felt about it. The bed of the river
was the grave of some of our boys. Marching orders for
early tomorrow morning. Hope to get a good night's rest.
July 22d. Early on the march. After a march of
about five miles, passed through the town of Berryville.
A raid was made on bee-hives that looked inviting near
the town. Honey for a change. The boys could eat most
anything. Pushing on along the Winchester Pike, ford
ing the Opequon Creek and a wide brook, entered Win
chester from the east. Passed through the main street,
out on the Strasburg Pike, came to a halt at the Union
Mills, about four miles from Winchester, having
marched about fifteen miles. For rations tonight we had
pancakes (toejam) and honey, brought from Berryville.
From observations we think we are near the enemy. It
don't take us long to catch on. We watch the movements
of the Signal Corps. They seem to have plenty of work
when the enemy is hear. The 6th Corps has left us, hav
ing been ordered to Washington. Only the 8th Corps left
here. Greatly reduced in numbers owing to its severe
duty for the past three months. Reported that General
Early and his forces are still in the valley, and they num
ber about thirty thousand.
July 23d. Routed out early this morning. Picket
firing has commenced. Our boys are driving the enemy.
We advance in line of battle for quite a distance through
the open lots, coming to a halt at Kearnstown, going right
103

at work digging rifle pits and throwing up earthworks.
Our regiment ordered out on the skirmish line. Later,
orders received to fall back and prepare camp for the
night. At this time I am barefoot, shoes and stockings
worn out. No prospect for any more as we are on the
march about all the time. My feet are very sore as I
must go through stubs and briers, cannot pick my way,
must keep in line. Many of the boys are also in the same
condition as I am, no shoes or stockings. Try to keep
up courage.
July 24th. Sunday morning, Kearnstown, hot.
Ordered out into line early for inspection. Instead orders
came to advance. Hot skirmishing began right off. Our
regiment placed at the right of the line, west side of the
pike. Colonel Mulligan with his division form the left
of the line. Our position is on high ground where we can
overlook the field. Orders came to charge into the woods.
There we found the enemy en masse. They poured their
fire on Mulligan's division. Mulligan was killed, his
division losing very heavy. They were ordered to fall
back. Orders came for our regiment to fall back to Win
chester. We marched back and later the enemy came out
of the wood, when we saw plainly the large force they
had. Owing to my naked feet I could hardly keep up, but
kept pushing. There are many hills around Winchester.
Before we could reach the earthworks the enemy had field
guns posted on hills commanding our position. As I
could not keep up with the boys I came near being cap
tured. I made a running jump over into the rifle pits
near the old Star Fort. As I landed in the pits a solid shot
also struck there. As I looked at it was thankful it was
not a shell. Running around in the pits I was able to get
out on the opposite side from the enemy and take my place
104

in our company, line being just in the rear of the fort,
where we formed. Shells began to drop all around us.
Finally one came in our midst, doing much damage, some
being killed and wounded. It caused great excitement
as the dust and dirt flew over us. A peculiar numbness
came to me, making me think I was wounded. Picking
up my gun that had fallen to the ground, I discovered
that it had been hit by a piece of the exploded shell, the
barrel being flat and bent. I threw it down and picked up
another on the field. That was no doubt the cause of my
numbness. Orders came for a change in our position and
to fall back to Bunker Hill. Up to this time we had been
fighting and falling back for about sixteen miles. Had
the 6th Corps remained in the valley it would have given
us more show against Early's large force, as they are in
plain sight and we can see them from the hills. We will
hold Bunker Hill and remain here for the night. I am
in agony with my feet. We are in a ragged, dirty con
dition. The life of a soldier is a hard one. Our suffering
at times is intense. It's all for our country that we all love.
July 2Sth. Bunker Hill. A very severe rain storm
set in last night. We are wet through. Orders to march
on to Martinsburg. My feet keep me reminded of the
rough roads, stubs and briers in the lots. We reach Mar
tinsburg after a march ot ten miles. After holding the
enemy in check for a while we are again on the march.
I picked up a pair of old boots, no doubt discarded by
some cavalryman. They were much too large for me, and
not having stockings I could not wear them as they galled
my feet, making them worse. Was obliged to throw them
away. After a very tedious march we reached Williamsport
on the Potomac River, twenty miles from Bunker Hill.
105

Will remain here for the night. Foot-sore, weary, glad
to lie down for the night on the wet ground for rest and
sleep. Often wonder how the men can keep so patient.
Sometimes we are made to feel that much of our trouble is
brought on to us by jealousy and mismanagement on the
part of our officers high up in rank. Our boys are always
ready for any kind of duty. We have made marches over
this Williamsport Pike before. Like all the pikes it is
hard marching over the rough stones, up and down hill.
That's our experience.
July 26th. Called up early this morning. Wade the
Potomac River over into Maryland. Marching on down
the river road, across the Burnside Bridge, over Antietam
Creek and the battlefield, passing the Dunker Church,
located in the woods on the right. The rail fences were
riddled with bullet holes, showing how fierce the battle
must have been., Marched on through Sharpsburg, going
into camp near the town, which shows the effects of the
battle. The battle is known in the South as Sharpsburg.
A fearful hot day, and a hard march. Our record for
today is a march of about fifteen miles. Many of us
fellows are marching shoeless.
July 27th. Up early this hot morning. On the
march along the river road, going south. Nothing im
portant has taken place since we waded the river at Wil
liamsport. After a march of about six miles we came to
the Maryland Heights. Passing on down, the road runs
along beside the Ohio and Chesapeake Canal. Opposite
is Harper's Ferry. Here we stop for rest and rations,
making coffee from the water in the canal. After a short
rest we continue our march on down the road beside the
river and canal, on through Sandy Hook into Pleasant
106

Valley, Maryland, where we go into camp on high
ground, overlooking the river and the canal.
Owing to the severe service many of the boys are giv
ing out and are sent to a hospital. I would be all right,
only for my feet. This is suffering for one's country. We
are in it to the finish, in spite of what we must endure. I
doubt at this time, if any man would take a discharge. I
have not seen or heard of any who would. We are all
very anxious for the finish, when peace will reign over our
fair land. We remain here for the night, but don't know
how much longer.
July 28th. Pleasant Valley. All one can see from
this point is mountains, trees, grass, the Potomac River,
great flocks of turkey buzzards sailing through the air.
About noontime orders came to fall in for a march. Our
march led back over the river road, through Sandy Hook,
on over the railroad bridge, through Harper's Ferry, up
over Bolivar Heights by Camp Hill, out on the Charles
town Pike, going into camp near Halltown. A march of
ten miles. Here we find a wagon train loaded with sup
plies. Orders to draw five days' rations. This will pass
for another hot, dry, and dusty day, and I marching bare
footed over the rough, stony roads, up and down hill.
Orders to put up our shelter tents. A large mail received.
The 6th Corps showing up again. Trouble must be brew
ing. They are camping near our Corps, the 8th. Drew
a pair of shoes and two pairs of woolen stockings. My
feet are in bad condition to break in new shoes, or army
brogans. Hope to get along all right now. Wrote a few
letters. Our camp is on high ground, and all is quiet
while we try to sleep and rest.
July 30th. This morning opens up very hot. Hav
ing a rest. Trying to break in my new shoes. A bad job
107

for the feet, which are very sore. Early this afternoon,
marching orders received. Confederate cavalry reported
to be raiding into Pennsylvania and upper Maryland.
Ordered to make a forced march. Fearful hot as we
break camp and begin the march. Pushing on over Boli
var Heights down through Harper's Ferry, over the rail
road bridge into Maryland. Many of the boys are drop
ping out on account of the severe heat, the sun beating
down on us, and no air. New shoes, woolen stockings,
sore feet, make me about sick, while pushing along. I
was obliged to drop out by the roadside. A member of
our company, George W. Cross, said he would drop out
and stick to me. After the sun went down we pushed
along. Came to a brook of good cold water. Gave my
feet a good bath, after which I was able to push on.
Found the regiment in camp for the night, after making
a forced march of sixteen miles. Glad to get my shoes
and stockings off for the night and get a little rest.
July 31st. Sunday morning, but hot and dusty.
Early on the march. About 9 A. M. we marched through
Middletown, a fine place. There are many people in this
town, dressed in their good clothes, watching us as we
pass on, a dusty crowd. They all have a sad look in their
faces. Keep very quiet, not a smile nor a cheer. We can
not tell whether they are in sympathy with us or are
against us. We are reminded of our old homes in good
old Connecticut. We soon passed through the town, out
on the dusty hot roads. Between the hot sun and the dust
many of the boys are giving out, dropping by the roadside.
Some are picked up by the Ambulance Corps. Those
who need a little rest, push on. This is a fine section of
Maryland. 108

Night coming on we go into woodland to camp.
Don't know the location, but believe we must be near the
Pennsylvania state line. It is estimated we have marched
about fifteen miles.
August Ist. Cloudy, muggy morning. After a good
night's rest, am feeling fine. Early on the march. After
a march, about four miles, came to a halt on a road
leading through woodland of very large trees. Later we
camp in the woods, near the town of Wolfsville, Mary
land. A report has reached us that the rebs have burned
the town of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. Reported the
enemy may come through this section and we may get a
crack at them. Infantry cannot pursue cavalry. Mounted
men have a great advantage over us fellows on foot.
Weather very fine, water very poor, and not very much
of it. We appreciate good water, where we can have
plenty of it.
August 2d. A fine morning. All is quiet in camp.
Found a place where I could wash my clothes and dry
them. Drew rations. Am feeling fine. A hot sun and
dusty roads to march over, a fellow cannot keep very
clean. Having a good rest in the good cool woods. We
cannot help to wonder why we are in this section of the
woods, unless the enemy are somewhere about here.
Private soldiers are not supposed to know anything, but
to obey orders.
August 3d. Called out very early this morning. Left
camp and on the march at 3 A. M. Enjoying the march
through this fine country. After a time we began to
ascend the mountains. Said to be the South Mountains.
A fine view of the surrounding country. Peaceful and
quiet. The inhabitants along the line of march seem to be
very friendly. Maryland has regiments on both sides,
109

Union and Confederate. After marching along the top of
the mountains for a few hours, we began to descend,
coming out on the Frederick City Pike, which we had
traveled before. Passed on through the city, out on the
Monocacy Junction Pike, which we reached after a short
march. Crossed the Monocacy River, going into camp
near the river. Here we were surprised to see the 19th
Corps, just arrived from New Orleans. In the corps was
the 9th, 1 2th, 13th Connecticut Regiments. Pleased to
meet the Connecticut boys. Our record for today's
marching is estimated about twenty miles.
August 4th. Fine morning. Had an early swim in
the good clean waters of the Monocacy River. Later
hunted up some bait, sat under a large tree to try my luck
at fishing. Always keep a hook and line by me. Had
very good luck. Dressed the fish at the river, went back to
the camp, cooked them, and shared the fish with the boys.
Only trouble was, I did not have enough for all our com
pany. A battle had been fought at this point a few weeks
before, between the forces of General Lew Wallace and
the Confederate leader Early. Additional rations were
given to us, one potato, one onion, large size. A long
time since we had vegetables. They were all right. We
boiled and ate them.
August Sth. Early this morning had a good swim,
after which I lay down under a large tree near the river.
Had a good nap and rest. Then wrote a few letters.
Very late in the afternoon orders came to fall in and form
line. We marched into a large open field and formed
three sides of a square, when orders came that a deserter
from the 34th Ohio Regiment was to be executed at sun
set. After waiting a while we heard the band playing a
dirge. Soon the whole party came in sight, six armed
110

men in front of the deserter and six in the rear. At his
side walked a Chaplain. Behind all came an ambulance
with a coffin. When all was ready the deserter sat on the
coffin, blindfolded. Orders came to fire. I saw him fall
over on the coffin. Don't wish to witness anything more
like that. Besides being a deserter, it was reported that
he was a spy, having enlisted in the rebel service. All
I know about it is the talk about our camp and other
regiments. August 6th. Anniversary of my enlistment. Two
years in the service. Rain this morning. Marching
orders came early. Left camp, crossed the Monocacy
River and the B. & O. R. R. Roads very muddy. Hard
marching as we go up and down hills. On over South
Mountain, descending into the Pleasant Valley. After
marching about fifteen miles we go in camp near the
Potomac River. Late this afternoon the weather became
clear and fine. Camp located on high sandy ground. A
number of the boys are ill at this time and must leave for
hospitals. All is quiet tonight. Hope to get a good rest
for we don't know what tomorrow may bring to us.
August 7th. A very hot morning. Early in the Poto
mac River for a good swim. Nothing like it. At the
Quartermaster's I drew an army hat. The first I ever had.
They are worn by the western boys. Much better than
caps. Trying to keep cool during this hot day. Wrote a
few letters. Mountains on all sides. Turkey buzzards
in the air.
August 8th. General Phil Sheridan takes command.
Reported he will organize a large force in the valley. I
witnessed the cavalry corps as they passed along the tow
path, along the canal. Marching orders. Again on
through Harper's Ferry, along the Shenandoah River.
Ill

After marching about eight miles, came to a halt near
Halltown, on the river road. Here we find the 6th, 19th,
and our own, the 8th Corps. A good place to bathe in
the river. Foot of Loudon Heights.
August gth. Pleasant morning. Camp near the
river. Just at this time we are taking life easy. The boys
wade the river, taking long tramps through the lots, up
the mountain sides. Don't seem to have any fear of the
guerillas who are said to be in the mountains. Perhaps
they don't wish to make their presence known, and are
watching the movements of the army now under the com
mand of General Sheridan. All is quiet in our camp this
evening. August ioth. A hot morning. Marching orders
came early, to be ready to march at the report of a signal
gun. It will be our first movement under the command of
General Sheridan. The advance is in three grand divi
sions, the 19th Corps on the right, the 6th center, the 8th
on the left along the river road. Signal Corps and cav
alry on the advance. A part of the time we advance in
line of battle. We watch, but do not understand, the
work of the Signal Corps. Those boys seem to find the
highest hills to work from. After advancing about ten
miles, ordered to camp for the night. While all is quiet
we are reminded there is trouble brewing for us. The
boys talk and discuss all the movements of the day, as
night comes on, and wonder what the morrow will bring.
August Ilth. Early on the march. A hot dry morn
ing. Passed on through Berryville, pushing south
through open lots and woods. Skirmishing on the ex
treme right, at Stony Point. A hot, hard, day's march.
Suffered very much for water. After marching about
twenty miles, late tonight came to a halt near a large
112

spring. Many of the boys were obliged to fall out. We
are all very tired and about exhausted as we lie down for
the night.
August I2th. When near the enemy we are always
routed out very early in the morning before daylight, in
line to guard against a surprise. A hot dry morning. On
the march across country. At noon, stopped near Cedar
Creek for rations and a rest. Soon we began to advance
in line, to the left of the pike, coming up against the rebel
skirmish line. Soon a hot fight was on. We drove them
back. As usual they had the shelter of the woods. Night
coming on, the enemy having fallen back, our regiment
detailed for picket and the skirmish line. Our company,
C, remains at headquarters with the colors, being color
company. Located on the north side of Cedar Creek, on
high ground. The enemy, under Early, at Strasburg and
Fisher's Hill, about four miles from our position. The
battle of this date is known to us as Cedar Creek.
August 13th. Early this morning our regiment took
position in line, having been relieved from picket and
skirmish duty. We can see the enemy over on the hills
near Strasburg. Skirmish fighting is kept up between the
lines during the day. We watch one another from the
hills. Both sides open up once in a while with field guns.
All is quiet this hot night, firing ceased.
August 14th. This morning finds us still in line near
Cedar Creek, and skirmish firing continues, but we
are reminded that every battle kills a soldier, some one's
dear friend killed, as we see them brought in from the
skirmish line. We continue to watch one another from
the hills. Sometimes the enemy will run a section of field
guns up a high hill and throw a few shells over our way.
A hot skirmish at Hupp's Hill. Near our line is a very
8 113

high hill. Our boys have a habit of going up it to watch
the enemy. Guards have been placed there to keep us
away, as we might draw the enemy's fire. A shell coming
over that hill would no doubt drop in the midst of our
regiment. The weather is fearful hot, day and night.
No trouble to sleep.
August I Sth. This morning finds us still in line near
Cedar Creek. Not much firing along the skirmish line.
Sometimes both sides seem to get tired of the continual
popping of the guns and cease firing. A large mail
came for our regiment. Wrote a few letters to friends at
home. All is quiet tonight near Cedar Creek.
August 1 6th. Line of battle still maintained. The
boys are discussing the question of a probable battle at
this point. It seems to be a question of watching and
waiting. Marching orders received to march back to
Winchester tonight. General Sheridan is now in com
mand. Many movements and manoeuvers are often made
that are puzzling and hard to understand by the average
soldier. It is our duty to obey orders and not ask ques
tions. Our Corps, the 8th, also known as the Army of
West Virginia, the Mountain Creepers, Foot Cavalry,
and the Buzzards, so called by its making so many forced
marches over the mountains and valleys of Virginia.
August 17th. This morning finds us at Winchester
after an all night's march. The night was hot. Did not
have the hot sun beating down upon us. The return
march was slow. After a few hours' rest and something
to eat, pushed on to Berryville, east of Winchester.
Reached there at night, tired out. A march of thirty
miles from Cedar Creek. The enemy following on after
us. Orders to remain here over night. Owing to the hot
dry weather, the brooks and creeks are dry, no wading.
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August l8th. Rain came during the night and this
morning. While we do not like to get wet, it is welcome.
Will lay the dust, provided there is not too much, to make
mud. Again on the march. Left Berryville by way of
the Charlestown Pike. After a march of about six miles,
came to a halt in woods, a field of corn nearby fur
nished us with plenty to boil and roast. Rain continues.
All is quiet tonight in camp.
August igth. Rain all night and this morning.
Camp located a few miles south of Charlestown. Lieu
tenant Hinkley, Company I, returned today having re
covered from wounds. Edwin S. Fitch promoted to
sergeant in our company, C. Pleasing to all of us. A
very stormy day in the life of a soldier.
August 20th. No rain this morning, very cloudy.
Keeping quiet in the woods. Late this afternoon, march
ing orders. Marching on towards Charlestown. The
enemy must be near. Halt near the town on the Berry
ville Pike. Reported we remain here for the night. Very
cloudy. Nothing important has taken place. All is quiet.
August 2 1 st. This morning opens up bright and fine.
Early we go on the march. Cross the Smithfield road,
southwest of Charlestown. Line of battle formed.
Ordered to intrench by digging rifle pits. Working while
under a heavy fire, solid shot and shells dropping all
around us. The enemy was forced to retire. This battle
was at Smithfield and the Opequon Creek. We are wait
ing for orders. While waiting, surprised to receive a
large mail for our regiment. We put in a hard day, dig
ging rifle pits under fire and battle, changing position at
double-quick time. The brunt of the battle was fought
by our cavalry.
August 22d. Early on the march. Passed through
Charlestown. Pushing on, after a march of about six
115

miles, came to a halt at Halltown. A line of battle was
soon formed under a hot fire from the enemy. Go right
at work building intrenchments made of logs and dirt.
The strongest we were ever behind. Hot skirmishing
going on. Rain and darkness put a stop to the firing.
Trying to get sleep under arms, ready for an attack at
night. August 23d. Sun shining bright this morning. Skir
mishing firing began at daylight. A number of the
enemy's sharpshooters are up in high trees. They annoy
us very much. Not safe to show one's head above the rifle
pits. Saw General Sheridan pass quickly along the line,
just as a shell dropped inside our intrenchments. No
damage from it, as it exploded just beyond our line. We
are on the watch, as the skirmishers are kept very busy.
August 24th. Routed out before daylight. Our
brigade ordered outside the intrenchments to charge and
drive the enemy out of the woods, also to burn a number
of haystacks behind which the enemy kept reserves. As
we started on the charge they fell back to their main line
at Charlestown. The sharpshooters came out of the trees
in a hurry. Later, orders came for us to return inside the
intrenchments, taking our position. The enemy followed
slowly on after us, taking their old position, but not be
hind the haystacks, which had gone up in smoke.
August 2Sth. Last night, under cover of darkness,
a detail was made, about twenty men, ordered to advance
and intrench, to try and dislodge the enemy's sharp
shooters who were up in high trees and making trouble
for us, shooting at the boys, by improving every chance
they could get. When the opportunity came,(our boys
were to give them a volley. They did so, but did not harm
the rebs. I heard them call out, as soon as our boys fired
116

on them, " How are you Horace Greeley? " showing that
no harm came to them. It made quite a laugh at the time.
The rebs often called to us " How are you Horace
Greeley? Does your mother know you are out? "
Late in the afternoon all firing ceased and everything
became quiet. We could hear the enemy's drum corps
and they could no doubt hear ours. Our boys and the
Johnnies on the skirmish line entered into an agreement
not to fire on one another. For proof they fixed bayonets
on their guns, sticking them in the ground, butts up.
Both sides could see. Agreements made at such times
were kept. Both sides kept outside the earthworks.
Sometimes the boys would meet between the lines, ex
change tobacco for coffee. The rebs were always very
anxious to get hold of New York papers. Night coming
on, both sides would resume duty. A hard shower came
late this afternoon. \
August 26th." This morning finds us still in line at
Halltown. A large force of skirmishers ordered outside
the rifle pits. Must charge on the enemy, drive them
back. The enemy in strong force, well posted. The
skirmish was hot while it lasted. A number of our boys
were wounded, carried inside our lines. Late in the day
all became quiet. I am detailed for picket duty tonight.
The boys are sleeping tonight with equipments on, ready
for a sudden call to duty. We are often obliged to sleep
with our guns in our arms.
August 27th. Came off picket duty very early this
morning. It was discovered that the enemy was on the
march southward. Some of our boys having recovered
from wounds and sickness, returned today for duty. Some
have died, others discharged from the service. Owing to
the severe duty our regiment is greatly reduced in num-
117

bers. We can only muster at this time, fit for duty, one
hundred and twenty. Commanded by Captain Martin
V. B. Tiffany, Co. I. No field officer on duty except
Adjutant Geo. W. Brady. Some of the officers of the
regiment are still prisoners of war. Surprised when
orders came for a dress parade outside the earthworks.
August 28th. Left Halltown and the earthworks
very early this morning, following on after the rebel
hordes who are under the command of General Jubal
Early. We are pleased to be under the command of the
Gallant Phil Sheridan. There will come a time when he
will grab Early by the neck, we believe. Came to a halt
at Charlestown. Again on the march, going southward
through woodland and across fields. Judging by the roar
of the field guns and musketry firing in the direction of
Winchester, our boys have overtaken the enemy. We
came to a halt in the woods. Ordered to remain here for
the night. Weather fine. Our marching record for today
about eight miles.
August 2gth. Called up very early this morning
after a quiet night. We are about four miles south of
Charlestown. Heavy cannonading in the direction of
Winchester, which lies about ten miles southwest of
Charlestown. All is quiet with us as we rest and sleep.
Rations are good and plenty. Consist of hardtack, pork,
coffee, sugar. Report reaches us that our boys are in
possession of Winchester. Weather fine. Taking life
easy in these woods.
August 30th. This fine morning finds us in the
woods. We need this rest and sleep that we are having at
this time. This is fine timber land. Great large trees,
mostly white oak and black walnut. We are enjoying this
very quiet time. Very thankful for it.
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August 31st. Camp in the woods. Called up very
early. Our regiment detailed for picket duty. We ad
vance towards the west, near Smithfield and the Opequon
Creek. A strong picket line maintained. While every
thing is quiet with us, must keep a good lookout. Cannot
tell what an hour may bring forth. We have been in the
service for over two years on this the last day in August.
September Ist. Thursday. A very hot morning.
Our regiment relieved from picket. Marched back to our
camping place in the woods. A good bath in cold spring
water coming out of the ground clear as crystal. There
are many fine springs in the Shenandoah Valley. After
my bath had a good sleep. Ready to eat and sleep at most
any time. All sorts of rumors are passed along the lines.
One report comes that we are to receive a visit from the
paymaster. A poor place for us to receive six months'
pay, which is more than due. The families at home are in
need of the money.
September 2nd. A very pleasant morning. Now
wondering why we still remain in the woods. Believe the
enemy must be in this vicinity in a strong force. Wrote
several letters to friends at home. Later a surprise came
when orders came to fall in for pay, the Paymaster having
shown up in our camp. Too much money for a fellow to
carry while in front of the enemy. The Confeds liked
to get hold of greenbacks. We usually sent money home
by the Adams Express Company. The men with families
were very anxious to send money home. All I send home
is banked for me. Men of families often worry and won
der how they are getting along at home, as they must wait
for the money, which comes very slow and not very much
of it for men with families.

119

September 3d. Routed out very early this morning.
On the march by daylight, moving slowly on towards
Berryville. Reached the town at noon. Stop for rations.
Sharp cannonading to the west, in the direction of
Winchester. While waiting, orders came to camp on
the west side of the town. Put up our shelter tents.
Weather very cloudy and windy. While preparing
rations orders came suddenly to strike tents immediately
and get into line. Our pickets on the advance were at
tacked. A hot skirmish was on. After a hard run for
about a mile, line was formed and we were in a hot en
gagement. Making a charge, orders came to halt. The
battle continued until darkness, when we ceased firing, but
the artillery kept up their work long after dark. Both
lines are very near each other, while we are under arms,
ready for a call at arty moment. When the firing ceased
it did not take us very long to drop off to sleep.
September 4th. About midnight last night I was
called up by the Adjutant to take a detail of ten men, go
to the rear, find the ammunition train, obtain five thou
sand rounds of cartridges, five boxes. It was estimated
the train was about a mile in the rear, owing to the
enemy's firing from field guns very late in the night. The
boxes were very heavy. The detail ought to have been
twenty men, as we had so far to carry the boxes. It was
a fearful dark night. Going back we lost our reckoning.
Began to think we were approaching the enemy's line. I
ordered a halt. Told the boys I would go forward and
investigate and locate the regiment if I could. Going
forward carefully, listening, looking in all directions,
believed I was approaching the enemy's line. I knew
when darkness came on both lines were very close to each
other. To the right I could see the outline of trees.
120

Approaching them I saw horses, and men sleeping on the
ground. Owing to the darkness I could not see who they
were. Putting on a bold front I called out " What regi
ment? " For answer I received a glorious reply, " The
1 8th Connecticut." Overjoyed I near dropped to the
ground. I ran back to the boys and the ammunition was
delivered to headquarters in safety, for which I was very
thankful. On our return from the ammunition train we
had worked off to the left, approached the regiment from
the south instead of from the north side, where we left.
Lay down for a rest. Had a talk with some prisoners
captured last night on the charge. They were from
Mississippi. Claimed they did not know we were in their
front. They were on their way to cross Snicker's Ford
and the Gap. It seemed to be a surprise all around.
We are now under the command of General Sheridan.
The enemy won't fool him. At daylight the ammunition
was given out and the line of battle was changed.
Ordered to fall back and change our position. Passed
the 1 2th Connecticut, in the 19th Corps. We are under
the command of Captain Tiffany. Owing to severe serv
ice for the past eight months our regiment greatly reduced
in numbers. Less than one hundred men fit for duty and
not a field officer except the Adjutant. Our regiment
detailed to guard the wagon train. Don't like that kind
of duty. Must take our turn at it. Guerillas keep us busy.
As many of them dress in blue uniforms we cannot tell
them from our own men. Sometimes they manage to
cut out of a train three or four wagons loaded with sup
plies. The drivers will most generally obey orders,
whether from friend or foes, when they see a gun pointed
at their heads. Sometimes it is most impossible to keep
the teams close together, but at this time the train is
121

parked, so we stand guard around it. All is quiet at this
time along our lines at Berryville.
September Sth. Cold cloudy morning. All is quiet.
We have a long line of earthworks near Berryville, fac
ing south. This seems to be another case of waiting and
watching. Guarding the wagon train which remains
parked. Nothing special has taken place today, only a
cold rain tonight, making us uncomfortable.
September 6th. A cold rain storm set in last night.
Relieved from guarding the wagon train. Orders for us
to proceed to the front. Company A ordered out on the
skirmish line, under command of Lieutenant Robert
Kerr. Regiment in line in the rifle pits. Rations issued.
Cold storm continues. No tents up. Out in the open.
Clothes wet through. Late this P. M. our company, C,
detailed for picket duty. Picket fires not allowed as it
might draw the enemy's fire, by sending shells over our
way. September 7th. Storm cleared up this morning, for
which we are very thankful. Relieved from picket by
a company from the 12th West Virginia Regiment.
Wrote a few letters. Weather clear and cool. Trying
to get rest and sleep. When off duty call on members of
other regiments. Very pleasant to become acquainted
with soldiers from the different states.
September 8th. This morning comes in cool and very
cloudy. An opportunity given us to send money home.
I sent seventy dollars to put in bank. Did not wish to
carry so much with me. One cannot tell what might
happen to a soldier, for we remember that every battle
kills a soldier. Orders came about ten A. M. to fall in,
double quick. The result was we made a forced march
across country, through muddy lots, until we came to
122

Summit Point, near the Winchester Pike. A hard march
that put us on the right of the line of battle. A march of
about ten miles from Charlestown to Winchester Pike.
Why it was a forced march in a cold rain storm, we
cannot tell. It was through Virginia sticky mud. At
this point all things seem to be quiet. Orders to make
camp and put up our shelter tents. This all comes in the
life of a soldier in the field during war. Obey orders
and don't ask questions.
September gth. Camp near Summit Point, our old
battlefield, June 15th, 1863. Company drill this morning.
Very strange to us. No other regiment out, in the face
of the enemy. Battalion drill this P. M. The boys are all
mad over it. The men need the rest. It is thought Cap
tain Tiffany wished to make a show, because we are well
drilled. Dress parade at 5 P. M. A number of new
recruits joined our regiment today, coming from Con
necticut. They were assigned to our company, C, we
having the least number of any company in the regiment,
owing to losses during the severe campaign for the past
eight months. Wrote a few letters. Draw four days'
rations. The day closes clear and pleasant. All is quiet
along the lines.
September ioth. This morning brings rain, making
camp life very miserable again. Heavy cannonading to
the south, in the direction of the Winchester and Berry
ville Pike. The enemy is still in the valley. General
Early will have to keep a sharp lookout for our gallant
Phil Sheridan. A large mail received today. A very
great pleasure to receive letters from home and friends
in good old Connecticut. The weather clear at noon.
Fine.

123

September Ilth. Marching orders came early this
morning. On the backward march towards Charlestown.
Go into camp on the south side of the town. A good bath
in a large brook over on the east side of the town. Remain
here for the night.
September 12th. Cold cloudy morning. Ordered to
the east side of the town, to make camp. Shelter tents
put up. Picket line established out near the Shenandoah
River. The fords must be guarded. Must keep a sharp
lookout for Mosby and his guerillas. They know every
foot of this country and all the fording places, so it is
reported to us. A cold rain has come. I am detailed for
picket. Have charge of the outpost, near the river. Cap
tain Tiffany in command of our regiment. The town and
vicinity in command of our Brigade Commander, Colo
nel Rodgers, 2d Maryland Regiment. Many army
wagons are parked here.
September 13th. Clear cool morning. On picket.
A shot rang out last night on the still air, fired by one of
the pickets. Caused a little excitement. There was no
real cause for an alarm. All became quiet. Pickets make
a mistake at times. The regiment guarded a wagon train
on to Halltown, about five miles. Returned quite late
this afternoon, when we were relieved from picket duty.
September 14th. A quiet morning in our camp.
Resting and trying to get a little comfort out of life.
Talking and living over our service during the past year,
not forgetting our unfortunate comrades who were killed
and wounded, prisoners. The life of a soldier in war is
a severe and sad one. Wonderful what men can endure.
September ISth. Weather fine. At this time duty
is light in our camp near this town. Getting all the com-
124

fort we can out of our soldier life. Writing many letters
to friends in good old Connecticut.
September l6th. All is quiet in camp and on picket
duty. General Sheridan and the main part of the army
are near Winchester. Long wagon trains with supplies
pass through town, to and from the main army. Must be
kept well guarded. Guerillas are liable to attack the
trains at most any point and time. One can get a good
view of the valley and surrounding country from the
mountains and hills.
September 17th. Pleasant morning. Detailed for
picket duty. Located northeast of town, between the
Harper's Ferry Pike and the Shenandoah River, on the
ground where old John Brown was hung in 1859. About
noontime saw a company of cavalrymen come flying down
the pike from Harper's Ferry. Wondered what it meant.
Later we learned that General Grant and General Sheri
dan were in town. Caused much excitement and com
ment as they held a conference at a large house just
southeast of town. The company I saw from our picket
post was General Grant and his escort. All is quiet
tonight. September 18th. Relieved from picket. Late in the
day long wagon trains passed through town, some being
parked here. Those passing on went to Harper's Ferry.
Things begin to take on a mysterious look which created
much comment and talk among the boys. Either a battle
was coming or Sheridan was to fall back. We had heard
that Early was holding a strong position between the
towns of Berryville and Winchester. All is quiet with us
tonight. September igth. Roused up at daylight by heavy
cannonading in the direction of Winchester. The battle
125

was on. Those of us who were off duty, with some of the
towns-people, went to the top of a high hill to listen to the
roar of musketry and the field guns. It was something
frightful as it continued. We were ordered to hold our
selves ready to fall in at any moment. The inhabitants as
well as the soldiers wore an anxious look as the battle was
on. After a time the firing ceased and we began to wonder
how the battle was going on. Later we heard it again
but knew from the sound that it was farther away. Then
we began to rejoice and the inhabitants, with a sad face,
went to their homes. Late in the afternoon the news came
that Early was routed and was fleeing up the valley.
Then our boys began to wish that we were in it. Sheridan
placed us at Charlestown to guard and care for the wagon
train. It is not our fault to miss the battle.
September 20th. Great excitement and talk among
our boys over Sheridan's great victory. It is now our
gallant Phil Sheridan who is master of the Shenandoah
Valley. Early has run up against a good soldier who has
the men at his command. Too small a force has been in
the valley for the past three years. Sheridan has a good
cavalry corps, just what is needed here. We cheer and
sing for our gallant Phil Sheridan. Keep a good watch
for the large number of wagons, horses, and mules parked
at this point. That's our duty, to care for them.
September 21st. Pleasant, quiet morning in our
camp. Nothing special to cause any alarm. Waiting and
wondering what's coming, as the wagon train is slowly
leaving. Was somewhat surprised, when ordered into
line, to hear Colonel Ely read his resignation as colonel
of the 1 8th Regiment, he having been in the service for
three years and six months. At this time I am fourth

126

corporal, acting first sergeant, so greatly reduced is our
company and regiment.
September 22d. This morning prisoners began to
show up. They were guarded from here to Harper's
Ferry by a portion of our regiment, who relieved the
cavalry escort, or guard. Our boys joking with them.
Some of them we had been up against at Lynchburg, dur
ing Hunter's raid. The wagon trains have left here,
going on to Harper's Ferry. Nothing for us to do here.
Reported late tonight we leave here in the morning.
September 23d. Called up very early. Marching
orders received. Report at Martinsburg, a distance about
eighteen miles from Charlestown. The road led along
the B. & O. R. R., a very rough road for marching over.
We entered the town late this afternoon, making good
time but very tired. The town was well deserted, having
been occupied by the rebels. Our regiment, the first to
enter after the enemy left. Marched through the town
to the south side. Go into camp in the Faulkner's woods,
owned by Charles J. Faulkner, a leading Virginia seces
sionist, one who did much damage to the Union people in
this part of Virginia. Faulkner and his son went south,
casting their lots with the Confederacy. His wife and
daughter remained at home to hold the large plantation
and property. The home was a great resort, from all
accounts, for Union officers, who were entertained there.
Much valuable information went south from that home.
So it was always reported by the Union people in Martins
burg. I put in many hours on picket duty in those woods,
while stationed in Martinsburg and vicinity.
September 24th. This morning details were made
for picket duty and working on the railroad and the tele
graph lines, doing the work laboring men ought to have
127

done. The enemy destroyed about everything connected
with the railroad. I was detailed, with twenty men, to
report at the station to the road-master. Our equipments
were left at the station, while we loaded telegraph poles
on flat cars, distributed them along the road, and helped
to set them. We were obliged to throw the poles off from
the slowly moving train. It was hard and very dangerous
work for inexperienced men who were so near used up
from hard service during the year. We were thankful
when night came and we could return to our camp to rest
and sleep.
September 2Sth. Hard work and picket duty con
tinues. There is much kicking by the boys over the hard
work. It's out of our line. We are soldiers and here for
that purpose, not laboring men working for a railroad
company to help build up the line, doing very dangerous
work. September 26th. Weather fine. Nothing of a special
nature has taken place so far, but the hard work continues.
Our camp is in a pleasant location. We enjoy it all we
can, but do get very tired with the hard work put upon us.
September 27th. All quiet in our camp. Martins
burg is beginning to resume business again. Stores are
opening up. As far as can be known, no enemy in this
vicinity at the present time. Trains are running to this
town. September 28th. A provost guard of our regiment
is on duty in town to preserve the peace and protect the
business interest, which is improving. Service is now
held in all the churches. All is quiet. Many seem to
think that the war is about over. The rebel sympathizers
do not, say they will never give in.
128

September 29th. Early this morning our regiment
ordered out in light marching order. After line was
formed we marched out on the Winchester Pike. About
a mile out we came to a halt at the roadside, waiting for
some cause, under arms. After waiting a long time, late
in the afternoon, a marching column could be seen coming
down the pike. It proved to be a large number of
prisoners under cavalry escort. We relieved the cavalry
men, taking charge of the prisoners. Marched them
through the town to the railway station. Loaded them
into box cars. Guarded them to Harper's Ferry where
we arrived about midnight.
September 30th. At Harper's Ferry with the pris
oners, having been on duty all night. Had a great
time talking to the rebs over past experiences. Met one,
formerly from our old home town, Norwich, Conn.
Turned the prisoners over to the commander of the post,
when we returned to Martinsburg. As soon as we arrived
went right on duty, after being up all last night. Picket
duty and working on the railroad. The guerillas are at
work. Old Mosby keeps us busy. They managed to steal
horses, and get the best. Our boys are kicking over the
hard work on the railroad. Trains are running regular
again over the road. This is an important line, through,
on to the west. Business is improving, judging by the
number of trains.
October Ist to 1 2th. Nothing special has taken place
between these dates. Picket duty, and plenty of hard
work, has been the order of each day as they come and go.
Business is improving in the town. Many places are
opening up, ready for business. Trains running quite
regular. Lieutenant- Colonel Peale returned to the regi-
9 129

ment, taking command, after being absent about two
months in Washington, D. C.
October 13th. The long roll called us up very early,
before daylight. We turned out on double-quick time
leaving camp on the run, out on the Winchester Pike.
When out a short distance came to a halt. After wait
ing a while, was ordered to return to camp. Wondering
what it meant. Later in the day we heard that Mosby
and his guerillas captured a train on the B. & O. R. R.
between Martinsburg and Harper's Ferry. The train
was badly damaged, passengers robbed. Mosby knows
every road and path in this section.
October 18th. All quiet since the last date. Nothing
special to record. Our regular routine has been going on
through the days, picket and labor. When time permits
we have to drill and have dress parade. Sunday morning
inspection comes regular.
October igth. Early this morning, at daylight, we
heard the guns at a distance. We knew by the sound that
a hot battle was on, up the valley. We waited for a re
port but none came. We knew by the sound that our boys
were falling back. It was an anxious time for us. Our
regiment under arms, ready for duty as soon as called
upon. There came a time when the firing seemed to
cease, all was quiet. Later on the battle was on again.
The sound became less. We could hardly hear it. Then
we began to feel that our boys were driving the enemy.
Quite late, reports came that a battle at Cedar Creek and
Fisher's Hill was on. At first our boys were surprised
and driven back, but became victorious.
October 20th. Many reports of the great battle came
late last night and this morning. Great cheering and re
joicing. Our gallant Phil rode from Winchester to the
130

army and saved the day. Expressions on all sides, Gen
eral Sheridan was never defeated. Jubal Early found out
that our gallant Phil Sheridan was in command of the
Shenandoah Valley and he had the men to back him up.
The talk in camp is the war will soon be over.
October 21st. We are rejoicing over the defeat of
Early, and Sheridan's great victory. We are also happy
over the part our corps, the 8th under Crook, had in
bringing about the great victory. It was not our fault that
we were not there. We continue our picket duty and
laboring for the good of Martinsburg and the railroad.
October 22d. Report comes to us of the death of our
Brigade and Division Commander at Cedar Creek. We
are all sorry that he was killed. He was one of the best
officers in our corps. Colonel Thoburn, ist West Virginia
Regiment, a good friend to our regiment, a medical
doctor by profession.
October 23d. Our regular routine is kept up day
after day. A part of the duty of a soldier and laboring
man. Everything quiet in this vicinity except reports
that come to us about the guerillas. Don't think they
care to come near infantry.
October 26th. All quiet up to early this morning,
before daylight, when the long roll sounded out calling
us out under arms. It makes much excitement in the dark.
We were quickly in line and on the Winchester Pike.
In line waiting for orders. After waiting some time, later
on, we learned the cause. General Duffield, a cavalry
commander, left Winchester last night for Martinsburg,
with a small escort. A few miles out on the Pike the
General and his escort were captured by Mosby. The
General was riding in an ambulance to get sleep and rest.
That's the report as it came to us. That dashing business
131

was carried out on both sides. After a time we returned
to our camp. General Duffield is no doubt on his way to
Richmond. All is quiet tonight.
October 2gth. All things have been quiet with us
since the last date. \The regiment voted for President.
Commissioners were here from Connecticut. Each voter
was given two ballots and an envelope. One for Lincoln
and one for General McClellan. The voter, taking his
ballots to his tent or anywhere he chose, put in the en
velope the one of his choice, seal and return to the Com
missioners who carried the vote home. I was not old
enough to vote. I could carry a gun and do as much duty
as any man/)
(The excitement through the North is great, so it is
reported to us, and trouble is expected in the large cities,
owing to the anti-war spirit that is cropping out. Ac
cording to reports many regiments are being sent to the
North to hold the toughs in check. Reported late this
afternoon we may be sent to New Haven]) Hope there
won't be any trouble, for the sake of good old Connecticut.
Later orders came for us to prepare to take train for New
Haven. Great excitement in camp tonight as we are
getting ready to leave in the morning.
October 30th. Not much sleep last night. Early in
line this morning. Relieved by an Iowa Regiment.
Cheers were given for each regiment, then all together
for Honest Old Abe. The Iowa boys shouted, "A good
time and good luck." Soon reached the train where a
crowd gave cheers for Old Abe, and wishing us a happy
time. Singing and cheering as the train moved on
towards Baltimore, where we arrived about noon. Noth
ing important happened as we journeyed along. Pushed
across the city to the Philadelphia R. R. station. Then on
132

to Philadelphia, where we arrived late this afternoon.
Dinner at the Cooper Shop. Received kind treatment
from the people of Philadelphia. A pleasant journey so
far. Discussing over the election as we journey along, on
towards good old Connecticut.
October 31st. Arrived at Jersey City all right, this
morning. Crossed the Hudson River by Cortlandt Street
ferry. On the march up Cortlandt Street we were hooted
and jeered at by the toughs. We passed along without
taking any notice of it. Our march was up Broadway.
At Martinsburg, West Virginia, we were sent off with
cheers. In New York City which had many thousands of
its good citizens in the Union army, Union soldiers were
insulted as they marched on through the streets. At the
railroad station, Fourth Avenue and 27th Street, we were
soon on board train for New Haven.
We enjoyed the trip. When we crossed the line cheers
were given for good old Connecticut. We arrived late
this afternoon. Line formed, we marched through the
streets, making a good appearance, every man doing his
best, from the drum corps all down the line. Passed
under a large Lincoln banner, cheered by each company
as we passed along. We marched out to Grapevine Point,
East Haven, going into camp at Conscript Camp, there to
remain on duty until further orders. This camp is used
by the state. All recruits are sent here and sent from here
to the different regiments.
November Ist. On duty at the camp. Waiting for
the election to take place. I was one of the three cor
porals in charge of the main gate. The grounds and bar
racks are surrounded by a high board fence. A number
of recruits are here, waiting to be sent to the different
regiments. 133

November 7th. Nothing special has occurred up to
this date. On duty most of the time as corporal of the
guard. November 8th. This is the great day, election taking
place. We are under orders to respond if wanted.
November gth. The election passed off very quiet
yesterday. No trouble. Great rejoicing over the re-elec
tion of Honest Old Abe. We feel that it was a great vic
tory, and do believe that the war will soon be over.
Allowed to go home for a short visit. Ordered to
assemble at the camp on tomorrow night, and by the morn
ing of the nth, to return to Martinsburg.
November Ilth. Had a very pleasant short visit at
home. The regiment assembled this forenoon, soon in
line, on the march through New Haven, to the railroad
station. We received a great send off by the citizens of
New Haven, cheering and wishing us good luck. Soon
on board train bound for New York. Made good time.
Marched through the city. All quiet. No toughs in
sight. Mr. Lincoln's election made things quiet. Crossed
the Cortlandt Street ferry to Jersey City. Soon on board
train, bound for Martinsburg, which we were anxious to
reach. November I2th. After an all night's ride, arrived
at Baltimore this morning. Marched through Pratt
Street to the B. & O. station, Camden Street. Up to this
time nothing special occurred to make mention of. All
are anxious to reach camp. Leave Baltimore tonight.
November 13th. Arrived in camp early this morn
ing. Pleased with our trip to Connecticut. Happy that
our regiment was selected. Again on duty. Hope to
remain here during the coming winter. In camp in the
Faulkner's Woods, a good place.
134

November I Sth. Nothing special just at this time.
We enjoy our camp and this town. Hope we go into
winter quarters and remain here for duty. The town and
railroad must be protected. No bad winter weather so
far. Regular duty is kept up from day to day. Picket,
guard, drilling, cutting wood for camp. The health of
our regiment, at this time, is good.
November 22d. Everything has been quiet with us
up to this date. The daily routine comes and goes on
from day to day. Weather good for this time of the year.
Late today, marching orders received. Must leave here
for Halltown, four miles south of Harper's Ferry.
November 23d. Called up early this morning.
Sorry to leave our good camp in the Faulkner's woods,
Martinsburg. Our boys often repeat, " There is no rest
for the wicked." Soldiers must obey orders and not ask
questions. Left camp, on the march for Halltown. After
an uneventful march of about eighteen to twenty miles we
reached Halltown at night, tired, foot-sore, marching
over rough roads. This town consists of a railroad station
and a few old houses, which show the effect of the war.
General Sheridan will open up the Harper's Ferry and
Winchester Railroad, as it is reported his army will go in
winter quarters at Winchester. Our regiment must hold
this point, owing to scouting parties of the enemy, who
may attempt to capture his supply trains.
November 24th. Our camp located on a high hill,
west of the town. Fine scenery at this point. Our picket
line will cover from Halltown to Charlestown, a distance
of about five miles along the railroad.
November 26th. Orders are that we prepare for
winter quarters, as we are to remain here. A good
supply of good, clear, running water. Halltown is half
135

way betwen Charlestown and Harper's Ferry. All our
supplies come from Harper's Ferry.
November 30th. Very busy since the last date. Pre
paring to keep comfortable for the coming cold weather.
A steam sawmill near town, where we can buy lumber to
make our shacks. The government only furnishes tents,
so we have to chip in and buy the boards. Our quarters
are six feet wide, nine feet long. The roof made of tents
drawn over rafters. Bunks made for four, filled with
straw. Some of the shacks were made larger. Ours was
occupied by Sergeant Fred Spencer, Corporals Restcome,
Peckham, Charles H. Lynch, and Private Edwin Wash
burn. December Ist. Time is passing very pleasantly with
us. Duty so far mostly picket and guard. There are
many points of interest in this vicinity that were con
nected with the Revolutionary War, so we have been in
formed. The raid of old John Brown, and his death by
hanging, in December, 1859, by the State of Virginia, for
treason. Trying to liberate the slaves.
December 3d. Our duty continues to be the same
from day to day. When off regular duty, work in the
woods cutting up wood for camp. Everyone must take a
turn at the axe. George A. Weaver, of our company, re
ceived a bad cut in the leg from an axe slipping from
the hands of one of the boys. Weaver was carried to the
hospital, where a number of stitches were taken in the
wound. General Sheridan has posted notices along the
Harper's Ferry Railroad that if the road, or trains going
to and from Winchester to Harper's Ferry, are in any
manner molested, he will burn every house and barn
within a circle of five miles. I read the notice on trees
along the line of the road. 136

December Sth. Orders to keep a sharp lookout for
guerillas and raiding parties. The Blue Ridge Moun
tains and hills are in plain view, and the valley for miles.
Chaplain Wm. C. Walker returned after a long illness.
We were all pleased to welcome the good Chaplain. We
believe Sheridan's notice will be a good thing, as the in
habitants can help to protect the road.
December ioth. All things have remained quiet as
we go through our regular routine of duty from day to
day. We get newspapers quite regular from home, fur
nished by good people, for all of which we are very
thankful. December I2th. Report comes this morning that
guerillas crossed Sheridan's railroad last night and cap
tured a train on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, near
Duffield Station. They passed near our picket posts.
Did not molest us, as we did not see or hear anything of
them. Trains with passengers, mail, and supplies pass
over this road. The rebs no doubt read Sheridan's notice,
for many of them have homes in this vicinity.
December 2Sth. Christmas at Halltown. We hope
this will be our last Christmas in the service, and that the
war will soon be over. We write many letters and re
ceive a large mail every day, coming from Harper's
Ferry. All our shacks have small stoves, so that we use
much of our time cutting wood. When off duty we visit
the farmhouses, buy eggs and butter, vegetables. We are
living well, passing the time very pleasantly for camp life.
We are dressed warm, as we can have things sent from
home, coming by Adams Express to Harper's Ferry.
December 31st. This is the last day of the year. All
is quiet at our camp on this high hill. Not very much
snow or real cold weather. We manage to keep comfort-
137

able. At our reserve picket post we have built a large
inclosure, made of logs and dirt, surrounded by small
evergreen trees, a large fire in the center around which we
sleep and rest when our reliefs are off duty. The inclo
sure is so large and high it cannot be seen from the out
side, making it safe from the shots of the guerillas, scouts,
and bushwhackers. The farthest post out from the re
serves is about one mile, while the pickets are within
hailing distance. We go on picket duty at 3 P. M.
instead of 9 A. M. I don't know why the change was
made. I am on duty every other night.
l865
January Ist. Camp at Halltown, where we are going
through life doing the duty of a soldier, in winter quar
ters. Many new recruits are being added to our company,
and the regiment. The sick and wounded who have re
covered are also coming back. All returning members
and recruits are greeted as fresh fish. Our camp being
on high ground, none can enter without being seen. At
the call of " Fresh fish," the boys turn out and welcome all
who come. Many questions are asked about home, as
most of the recruits have friends in the regiment. Some
have relations. With the returning members and the re
cruits gives us more men for duty, which helps to make
duty more easy for the men, while the sergeants and cor
porals must be on picket duty every other night. Reli
gious service is conducted every Sunday, and evenings, by
our Chaplain. The chapel is also used for a reading
room. Tables, pen, ink, and paper for the boys who wish
to use it for writing letters. We are the only regiment
in this vicinity. Others are at Harper's Ferry and
Charlestown. 138

January 3d. Weather permitting, we have company,
battalion drill, and dress parade. Weather very cold at
this time. We have to lie close to the fires when off duty
or post. Sergeants must keep awake all night. Corporals
get sleep and rest when their reliefs are off post.
January ioth. During the past few days we had all
kinds of weather, starting in with a cold rain, turning to
hail, and winding up with a heavy snow storm. Now we
have to go through about twelve inches of snow. The
surrounding country for miles does look gloomy enough.
Heard bells and saw one sleigh going down the pike.
Lieutenant Joseph P. Rockwell elected, or rather made,
Captain of our company, C. Our Lieutenants, Merwin
and Cowles, are still held as prisoners of war since June
15th, 1863. We are all hoping this will be our last winter
in the service. Our time will be out when the war is over,
we are in for three years, or during the war.
January 20th. Severe cold weather since the last
date. Deep snow and plenty. The inhabitants have
always claimed the Yankees brought the cold weather.
Such severe winters do not come to Virginia but once in
many years. Our regular routine of duty is, and must be,
kept up in spite of the severe weather. It is two hours
on duty and four off. The report of a gun calls up the
other two reliefs. The corporal must investigate and find
out the cause of the alarm. If more than one gun is fired,
the camp guard reports firing on the picket line. The
Colonel is notified. He orders the sounding of the long
roll, calling out the regiment. Everything is kept ready
for a sudden call in the night. We turn out very lively,
soon in line.
January 2 Sth. All quiet since the last date. I am in
the best of health, ready for duty at any time, and for any
139

call. The general health of the regiment at this time is
good. Company A ordered to Harper's Ferry for provost
duty under command of Lieutenant Kerr. Companies
D and I to Duffield Station on the Baltimore & Ohio
R. R., west of Harper's Ferry. Their quarters are in
block houses, bullet proof, about seven miles from our
camp. Guard the railroad.
January 30th. Seven companies remain at regimen
tal headquarters. The change makes extra duty for the
companies at headquarters. Five prisoners were brought
to camp, having been captured by our pickets. They were
sent under guard to Harper's Ferry.
January 31st. When off duty read, write letters, wash
and mend my clothes. Try to keep clean and in good
condition. Do my part handling an axe. We use up a
whole lot of wood during this extreme cold weather. Try
to keep as comfortable as we can. All sorts of questions
come up for discussion. The close of the war is the most
important. All companies do much singing during the
evening. There are some violins and banjos in camp.
February Ist. The Christian Commission, with head
quarters at Harper's Ferry, furnish the chapel tent with
pens, ink, paper, books, magazines, and newspapers. Our
duty remains about the same from day to day. All is
quiet these days. Occasionally we have a visitor from
Connecticut. Always pleased to meet and welcome them.
February 8th. While everything is quiet with us,
time goes on. This is my birthday, twenty years old.
Weather cold at this time.
February 18th. A hard snow storm greets us today.
Those not on duty are sticking to our quarters, keeping
comfortable, while the snow and wind howl through our
camp. 140

February igth. This morning we find eighteen
inches of snow on the ground. Wading through the deep
snow reminds me of a picture that I have often seen,
Napoleon Bonaparte before Moscow. Duty must be
attended to, no matter what the weather may be. The
snow makes camp life very unpleasant. The heavy fall
of snow at this time of year is a very great surprise, so the
inhabitants report.
February 20th. The deep snow is settling down very
fast, weather very mild. General Seward from Martins
burg a visitor in camp. The commander of our brigade
and this section of the valley.
February 2 Ist. Snow melting very fast. Must wade
through the wet snow. Orders to fall in and to report at
Bolivar Heights, near Harper's Ferry, a march of about
four miles. When we arrived we were surprised to learn
that we must witness the execution of two deserters.
Strange that we must march so far to witness such a sad
thing. Just before all things were ready, and in the nick
of time, a pardon was received from President Lincoln.
When it became known that a pardon was received there
were a few faint cheers from some of the boys. For my
part I was thankful that I did not have to witness the
execution. Returned to camp late this afternoon.
February 22d. Routed out early this morning to pre
pare for a review and inspection by General Crook and
staff. Report came to camp that Company I, at Duffield
Station, had been attacked, but succeeded in driving the
guerillas away.
February 24th. Detailed for picket. Corporal in
charge of one relief. Located about three miles from
camp on the line of the railroad, all quiet.
141

February 2Sth. About midnight last night we were
aroused by sharp firing. Made us open our eyes and ears.
Ready for any sudden call. All we could do was to listen
and wait. Soon all became quiet. Those of us off duty
soon dropped asleep again. This morning we learned
the cause of the firing last night. Two scouting parties
of the 1 2th Pennsylvania Cavalry met, each taking the
other for the enemy. Opened fire on one another. No
harm was done in the dark. It created some excitement
on the picket line.
March ist. Since the last date we have been visited
by a cold rain, hard wind, hail, snow, mud. Very dis
agreeable weather for army life, but it must all be en
dured by soldiers. On picket duty. Corporal in charge
of the outpost, about one half of a mile from the reserve
quarters. On duty twenty-four hours from 3 P. M. We
like the change from 9 A. M., the old custom.
March 2d. Last night a shot was heard beyond our
outpost. Could not learn the cause. It seemed to be in
the direction of Charlestown. About nine o'clock this
morning I received a call from Captain Kibbe, Officer
of the Guard, asked for any information that I could
give. I could not give him any as it was beyond our out
post. Putting a man in charge of the outpost, the Captain
ordered me to go with him for an investigation. The
people we called on had not noticed it. They became
used to the report of a gun and did not pay any attention
to it. At the home of a Mr. Snyder we were invited in
and received very pleasantly. As it came time for us to
go, as it was getting near noon, they urged us to remain
to dinner. The invitation was accepted. The family
consisted of Mr. and Mrs. Snyder and two young
daughters. Mrs. Snyder was in very poor health, the
142

daughters doing the house work. A fine chicken dinner
was served for which we were very thankful. After
dinner Mr. Snyder invited us out to take a look over his
place. He was the owner of a grist and saw mill, and a
large farm. We were treated very kindly by the whole
family. All expressed sorrow over the war. The loca
tion was near Charlestown. When the time came for us
to go, we received a very cordial invitation to call again.
We made our way back to the picket post after our very
enjoyable time and good dinner, on Sunday, March 2d,
1865. At 3 P. M. we were relieved from picket duty. Made
our way to camp with pleasant recollections of the good
time that came to us on this Sunday on picket duty along
the line of the Harper's Ferry and Winchester Railroad.
March 4th. A camp has been located a short dis
tance north of ours. Reported that General Hancock will
organize a veterans' corps at this point. It will be com
posed of men who have been in the service and wish to
re-enlist. All is quiet in our camp.
March Sth. While on duty out in the lots and woods,
we see many wild animals such as foxes, fox and gray
squirrels. Some of the boys cannot resist the temptation
to shoot them, which they dress and boil and eat. Our
routine of duty is kept up.
March gth. All is quiet. Our regiment voted for
governor today. Ballots sealed in envelopes, to be opened
in Connecticut on the day of election. Commissioners
here to receive the ballots. We hope our war governor,
Buckingham, will be re-elected.
March 13th. A little excitement this morning.
Rebel cavalry made a dash for our picket line. Regiment
called out, soon in line. We saw the rebs going up the
143

valley, running their horses. More fresh fish received,
as we call the recruits. A muddy time in camp, and bad
weather. March 14th. This morning the 1 3 1 st Ohio Regiment
located near our camp. A new regiment. Just organized.
Real young, fine looking fellows. Hope they won't be
obliged to see hard service, for war is a cruel thing.
March I Sth. Orders received for our regiment to
report at Martinsburg. Must leave our winter quarters
at Halltown. We are relieved by the 144th Indiana
Regiment. Busy packing up, as we are to march to
morrow. Will pass one more night in our winter
quarters. Time has passed very pleasant in this camp
during the winter.
March 1 6th. Routed out very early this morning.
Soon in line and on the march, taking the road on to
Harper's Ferry. A great surprise to us when informed
we go by train. Soon loaded into box cars, during a cold
rain. A few miles out on the road the train came to a
stop. Detained by the breaking down of a bridge. Cold
and very uncomfortable in the cars. On the road all day.
Arrived at Martinsburg just before dark. Relieved the
95th Ohio Regiment, taking their camp on the Winchester
Pike, near the home of Mrs. Shults, my wash-woman,
a fine old German lady.* Detailed for picket duty to
night, soon after our arrival.
March 17th. Martinsburg. Weather clear, but very
windy. Putting camp in order. Hoping for good
weather. Lieutenant Merwin returned today, having
been a prisoner of war since June 15th, 1863, most of the
time at Richmond, Va.
* A picture of her home can be seen on page 330, History of the 18th Connecticut Regiment.
144

March 20th. Pleased with change from Halltown.
Everything quiet. We believe the war is about over.
Crowds of rebel deserters are coming inside our lines.
They are sick and tired of the war, believe their cause is
lost. We send them under guard to the Provost Marshal's
office in town. Weather permitting, we drill and have
dress parade. Our regiment in good condition for duty.
March 24th. The past few days have been windy,
with a cold rain, turning to hail and snow. The wind
howling through our camp, coming from the North
Mountain. Winter is hanging on. Every day we are led
to believe that the war is about over with. No enemy has
been reported in this vicinity for a long time. Picket
duty is kept up.
March 30th. Nothing special for the past few days.
Daily routine is kept up. When off duty tramp through
the country, calling at the farms, meeting the old men.
The young men are mostly in the army, either in the
Union or the Confederate. Religious service is held in
the log chapel, conducted by our good Chaplain, Walker,
assisted by Chaplains from other regiments and the
Christian Commission.
April Ist. Weather improving, for which we are
thankful. Good reports come from General Grant's
army, pushing General Lee. General Sheridan left the
valley with his cavalry corps. Infantry left at Winches
ter. Great excitement over reports that come to head
quarters. Many visitors from town witness our dress
parade. Boys are doing their best to make a fine appear
ance on parade, which takes place at 5 P. M.
April 2d. New recruits continue to come to our regi
ment. Some are assigned to our company. Our regiment
in good condition, and ready for any kind of duty. Good
10 145

news continues to come from the front. All are happy
over the prospects of the war ending soon.
April 3d. Detailed for picket. Located out on out
post on the Tuscaror road, leading to the North Moun
tain, about one mile out of town. Have done picket duty
on this road many times. At the edge of town all roads
are barricaded and closed for the nights, to prevent a
sudden dash from the guerillas and Confederate scouts.
Report comes tonight that General Grant has taken Rich
mond and that General Lee has retreated. Good news.
April 4th. Relieved from picket this morning. On
reaching camp there was great rejoicing over the good
news. Reports continue to come about General Grant's
success. Shouting and singing, glory hallelujah on all
sides. Citizens and soldiers cheering over the good news.
Bands and drum corps making all the music they can.
We are at liberty to go and come as we please. Duty
suspended as far as can be. In and out of town as we
please. A happy time. The Union people in town are
keeping open house. The soldiers are made welcome.
The glorious Yankee Army are surely in Richmond. We
are all thankful for the good news. This summer will
surely find us in good old Connecticut. The singing and
cheering is continuous.
April Sth. Orders received this morning to fall in
without arms for a march into town and report at head
quarters. Surprised to hear that we were to receive four
months pay. It was overdue. No one left in camp but
the camp guard. We were allowed more liberty than
ever before. We remained in town all day. I was the
only corporal in town with the company. Many of the
boys are on the sick list. I was ordered to receive the pay
for those of our company in the hospital, visit the hospital
146

and give the boys their money. All were thankful to get
the money and pleased to see me and were made happy
over the good news I brought to them about General
Grant's success in routing the enemy. Returned to camp
late tonight. I felt that I had put in a very busy day.
Weather damp, cool, and very cloudy.
April 6th. A cold rain storm this morning. Nothing
to do but try and keep comfortable. Discussing the war
question, and what the indications are about our getting
home. General Lee has not surrendered as yet. Perhaps
there may be much more fighting. One question is, it may
turn into a guerilla warfare, owing to so many mountains
in the South.
April gth. Detailed for picket duty. Located out on
Tuscaror road, in charge. One duty I had to perform
was to examine all citizens who enter town, as the town
is under martial law, and they must have passes to go in
and out, which are obtained from the Provost Marshal.
They must take the oath of allegiance to the United States.
They can then go in and out on business.
April IOth. The firing of heavy field guns at mid
night aroused everybody. Great rejoicing when we
learned that General Lee has surrendered to our Grant.
Crowds of people began to come to town very early to
hear the latest news. It was hard for some to believe
it. We hope the four years of struggling with death and
destruction are at an end. As the people returned to their
homes, informed me that they would again have an open
road, and not be stopped to answer questions and show a
pass. They won't be any more pleased about it than these
same soldiers who are very anxious to return to our homes
in Yankee land. This is a fine country. We are happy
over the prospects that the war is coming to an end.
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Passed a very pleasant time in charge of the picket post,
out on the Tuscaror road.
April I2th. Not much duty done since the last date.
Talking and rejoicing over the events of the past few
days. Orders to resume drilling. It creates opposition
and much kicking. What's the use. The war is over
although peace has not been declared. Our term ends
with the close of the war. Three years, or during the war.
April 13th. Our happiness continues. Ten minutes
walk from camp, towards town, is a pump where we are
obliged to go for water. Good water. A great meeting
place for the people and the soldiers. News of the day is
talked over. It is known as the news pump. Newspapers
are not very plenty. They come from Baltimore and
Ohio. Those who are first at the pump in the morning
bring the news and stories that can be picked up, and are
soon circulated through camp. So we look for the morn
ing news from the pump.
April 14th. Orders to clean up and prepare for a
parade in town to celebrate the surrender of General Lee,
and the capture of Richmond. The parade to take place
in the afternoon. All troops in this vicinity to take a part
in the big parade. Our company, C, color company,
made a fine appearance in the parade, every man doing
his best. During the parade there was great excitement,
cheering, and rejoicing, all along the line of march.
After the parade we were allowed our liberty for the
rest of the day and evening. In the evening the towns
people illuminated the best they could under present
conditions. Returned to camp quite late tonight, tired
but happy.
April 13th. Early morning news from the pump.
Reported the assassination of our beloved President. At
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first it could not be believed. I saw an orderly galloping
into camp, going right to the Colonel's quarters. He
brought the official report. It was soon known through
camp. It was a great shock and cast a great gloom over
our camp. How sudden the change. Joy turned to
sorrow, when we were rejoicing over the prospects of
peace and the end of the cruel war. At first it was re
ported that he might recover. Later report he was dead.
We could not do anything but talk over the sad event.
We all became angry and hated the South worse than
ever. Thought all the leaders should be condemned to
death. Indignation and rage was expressed alike by
citizens and the soldiers. We wondered who could do
such an awful thing. Later we were informed who the
assassin was. Excitement continues in our camp as this
sad day comes to a close.
April l6th. Sunday. No inspection. All is quiet
in camp. After breakfast, cleaned up, ready for service
in the log chapel. Sermon by our Chaplain. A good
attendance, with several visitors from town. A good
sermon on the sad event. All is quiet, and a very sad day
in our camp. All duties suspended for the day. Went
for a walk. Evidence of mourning on many houses and
public buildings, by placing crape on them.
April igth. All duty except guard and picket sus
pended since the assassination of Mr. Lincoln. These
are days of mourning. Officers wear crape on the left arm
and on the hilts of swords for thirty days. The funeral
takes place today in Washington. The towns-people have
arranged for a funeral parade and service to be held in
the Court House. Our regimental band is engaged to
furnish the music for the procession. On the march a
coffin was carried, making a solemn appearance as the
149

funeral procession marched to the cemetery where the
coffin was buried. The whole thing was in charge of the
towns-people. It was a very strange proceeding in the
eyes of down-east Yankees. It was a very solemn occasion
all through, to the burial of the coffin.
April 20th. Weather fine. Real spring. All is quiet
in camp. The body of the martyr President is being
carried across the country to his home town, Springfield,
Illinois. These are days of mourning. The sudden tak
ing off of Mr. Lincoln is the topic of conversation in our
camp. It is generally believed there was a conspiracy
among the leaders of the rebellion to murder Mr. Lincoln,
so the cry is that the leaders must be punished.
April 23th. Weather good. Regular routine of duty
is now on again. Drill, dress parade, picket, and guard.
Not much interest taken in these duties at this time. No
danger now from the enemy. The only real interest is
taken in our dress parades, as we have many visitors from
town. Confederate soldiers are now on their way home,
all having been paroled. Halt them at the outposts, send
a guard with them to the Provost Marshal, when they are
allowed to proceed to their homes in Virginia and Mary
land. Many were glad the war was over. Some were
very bitter. Would not admit they were beaten. We
laughed at the poor fellows. Many having tramped for
miles to reach home. Some shed tears when they were
forced to admit that the war was over, and their cause
was lost.
April 30th. Fine growing weather. The leading
topic in camp is, when do we go home. Picket duty sus
pended. Camp guard kept up, and provost duty in town
to keep order and protect government property. Many
150

horses and mules are corralled and guarded. This duty
comes to our regiment. There is much that we must do
to assist the government officers in collecting the property.
The town has not been turned over to the civil authority
yet, so we must do the duty of civil officers and protect
the town, and do the duty of policemen. Guards on the
different streets.
May Ist. Weather fine, and we are enjoying it. Our
company remains at camp as headquarters' guard. The
other companies are going through surrounding towns,
picking up all government property, and all that is col
lected is put in wagons and brought to this town. Every
thing marked U. S. must be collected and stored here.
In time it will be sold by government officers at public
auction. This is a fine country. Our boys are enjoying
these collecting trips. We are all so happy over the close
of this awful, cruel war.
May Sth. Detailed for guard duty in town. Placed
in charge of a rebel Major, who made claim of being
on General Early's staff. I was informed that he was
placed under arrest because he had broken his parole.
Appeared on the streets of his home town, Shepardstown,
Virginia, in full uniform, making a show of himself, and
insulting loyal people, for which he was waiting to be
tried by a court-martial. He was confined in a room in
the basement of an old church. I had three men on duty
with me, making three reliefs. Guarding him was a tire
some job. When night came he told me not to sit up
all night, he would not attempt to get away. I made up
my mind that he would not get a chance, as I would not
take any chances with a rebel. I did my duty. Sat up all
night and changed my reliefs every two hours. While he
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was agreeable to me I formed an opinion of him.
Thought him rather mean, but I used him well.
May 6th. About 9 A. M. I was relieved from duty.
Turned the prisoner over to the relief guard. The pris
oner asked me to shake hands with him, and thanked me
for my kindness. Said that he had been used very kindly
by the boys of the 18th Connecticut. After being relieved
returned to camp. I was excused from all duty except
dress parade. Turned into my bunk, had a good sleep and
a fine rest. Cleaned up and took part in our dress parade.
A fine evening. Visited among the other companies.
May IOth. These are quiet days. Nothing special
for the past few days. Getting all the pleasure we can
when off duty. Take long walks out in the country. De
tailed for duty in town. Report to the Provost Marshal.
Guards posted on the principal streets continue. Must
keep peace by preserving order. Headquarters in the
Court House. Duty light and easy.
May Ilth. About midnight of last night, while I
was in the Court House, I heard the cry of fire. Looked
out and saw a great blaze to the south. Ran to the fire.
It was a large barn on the Faulkner place. Watched it
burn, as it could not damage other buildings. The Faulk-
ners had many enemies in the neighborhood, whom he
treated bad at the outbreak of the war. I heard Mr.
Faulkner repeat " Poor revenge." Sometimes revenge is
sweet. The soldiers did not have any sympathy for the
Faulkners. Looked upon as arch traitors. Soldiers were
placed on guard over his property at the time of the fire.
May 20th. Our regular routine has been kept up for
the past few days. Guard duty, drill, dress parade, Sun
day morning inspection. When at liberty continue to
take long walks out into the surrounding country. Call on
152

the farmers. They laugh about the Yankee soldiers mak
ing friends with the cows. We tell them that's because we
like milk. We found out the cows would eat hardtack.
We fed and petted them while they were out to pasture.
Women do the milking in this section. I heard a woman
say that she was a good milker but the Yankees could beat
her and milk into a canteen at that.
May 2lst. As we have plenty of rations we trade
with the farmers, coffee, sugar, hardtack, for butter, eggs,
and vegetables, and some milk. The cows eat garlic
which gives to the butter and milk a bad taste, but we
manage to eat the stuff, if we don't really like the taste.
We paid money for some things to the farmers. They
were always anxious to get hold of a little ready cash.
Some soft bread was furnished us in place of hardtack,
but could most generally get hardtack. While we suffered
much from hunger and thirst, we had good feed whenever
near our base of supplies.
Detailed for guard duty in town. Charge of the
third relief. When off duty could get excused for one
hour. Visited a bookstore for something to read. Sur
prised to find a copy of the History of Connecticut. Paid
one dollar for it. The Waverly magazine was quite a
favorite with the boys. Much pleasure working out the
enigmas, and reading the short stories and the poetry.
May 26th. At one o'clock this morning the guard
was called out to stop a negro dance, some trouble having
broken out, caused by outsiders. The guard must act as
police, keep things quiet. At 9 A. M. relieved and re
turned to camp.
June Ist. Fine weather. All is very quiet. The
country has on its summer dress. Looks fine. The most
important question with us is, home, sweet home, when
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do we go. Soldier's life at this time is a dull one. Our
only interest is our dress parades. We have many visitors
from town.
June 2d. Our regiment is the only one left at this
post. Details continue to hunt and collect government
property. Some western regiments pass through this
town on the B. & O. R. R., bound for home, singing and
cheering, happy.
June 3d. Still having a pleasant time at this town,
and continue our walks through the country. Berries and
cherries are beginning to ripen. Allowed to help our
selves with all we can eat, as we do much work for the
farmers, helping at various kinds of work. Stores are
opening up in town, as are also all the churches. Build
ings are in bad condition, the result of the four years of
the war.
June Sth. The anniversary of the battle of Piedmont.
Thank God the cruel war is over. Playing ball, pitching
quoits, helping the farmers, is the way we pass the time
while waiting for orders to be mustered out. We have
many friends in this town and vicinity. Helping in
various kinds of work and also in the churches.
June 13th. Nothing special has taken place since
the last date. Public auction in town today. All govern
ment property must be sold. An agent here in charge.
Horses, mules, saddles, wagons, ambulances. Some of
our company have been on duty and in charge of the
corral for several days. Will be glad to see the thing
closed up. Some of the horses and mules were kickers,
as well as some of our boys, who did not like that kind
of work. June 20th. By the disposal of all the government
property our duty seems to come to an end. Nothing
154

more for us to do. We may now be ordered home, or to
some other point for duty. We are all anxious to get
home. June 23d. Our Colonel, Henry Peale, in command
of this post. Headquarters in town. Our regiment
ordered into town for a dress parade at 5 P. M., at the
public square in front of headquarters. Our service in
the army is no doubt about over with. We shall be glad
to leave old Virginia for good old Connecticut.
June 24th. Yesterday afternoon our regiment formed
at camp, marched into town. Line was formed fronting
headquarters, for dress parade and review by our Colonel.
To our great surprise, sitting on the veranda at the house
used for headquarters, with Colonel Peale, was the arch-
traitor, Charles J. Faulkner, hated by the Union people
and despised by the soldiers. The home in this town was
reported to be a great resort for spies. Much information
went from that home, south. On the march back to camp
the boys were mad through and through. Did not want
to be paraded and reviewed by a mean rebel like Faulkner
and family.
June 23th. Orders received to prepare for muster-
out. Details have been made from each company to help
make out the muster-out papers. The companies that
were out of town on duty, ordered to report at regimental
quarters. All duties given up. Peace and quiet reigns
in town and through the country.
June 26th. A bright Sunday morning. Everybody
happy. Our last day in camp at Martinsburg, the
Shenandoah Valley, where we have seen and passed
through hard service during the past three years. As the
time draws near we are anxious to go home, but there is
somewhat of a feeling of sadness on leaving old Martins-
155

burg, where we have made many friends. Our camp is
about deserted. A few men remain on guard in charge of
the camp. Some of the boys are in town visiting, and
attending church. Others are tramping through the
country, bidding good-bye to the farmers and taking a
look at the fine scenery and country. We must all report
back to camp in time for our last dress parade, at 5 P. M.
At our dress parade was a large attendance of people from
town. A short religious service was held by our Chap
lain, Rev. Wm. C. Walker. It was made somewhat
solemn by the good man, as the journey home was laid
before us. Orders were also read to be ready to leave
camp early on the morrow, at 5 A. M. This is a happy
evening in camp. Singing all through the camp.
June 27th. Taps sounded later than usual last night.
When the lights were put out we could not sleep for joy,
as we were all so happy over the prospect of going home.
I cannot write and do justice to those happy hours. Will
remain with me as long as memory lasts. The hymns
heard mostly last night were " Oh Happy Day " and
" We are going home, to die no more." Everybody can
sing at this time if they never can again. Reveille
sounded very early this morning, for the last time at
Martinsburg. Broke camp very early this morning. In
line, waiting for orders to march. This is a fine morning.
We shall soon be homeward bound. When orders were
given to march great excitement prevailed. Cheers and
shouting as we marched along, on through the town. The
waving of flags, handkerchiefs, and " Good-bye boys "
from the towns-people. On reaching the depot it did not
take us very long to board the train, a gay and happy
crowd. I was soon on top of a car, where I enjoyed
riding when the weather would permit. In this section
156

we always rode in box cars. The train left about 7 A. M.,
with cheers and shouting to and from old Martinsburg
friends. The train soon rounded a curve and that scene
was closed forever. We knew this railroad and country,
having been over it a number of times by rail, and march
ing through it, during our service in the Shenandoah
Valley. About 10 A. M. we arrived at Harper's Ferry.
Soon out of the cars and in line ready to march. Passed
through Shenandoah Street. Entering an open lot, close
in town, came to a halt, stacked arms. Must remain here
until we are mustered out of the United States service.
When we first entered Virginia, near three years ago, at
Harper's Ferry, our first stopping place was this very
same place, or lot, where we are now waiting to be
mustered out. Late this afternoon we were mustered out.
Expect to go on board of train tonight, homeward bound.
June 28th. Harper's Ferry. A fine morning. Early
on board train, waiting for it to move. At 8 A. M. the
train began to move slowly along the banks of the Shenan
doah River, on over the iron bridge across the Potomac
River, into Maryland. The cheering was loud, with
shouts of " Good-bye old Virginia." The cheering
echoed and re-echoed between the mountains of Mary
land and Virginia. I knew all the points of interest in this
vicinity. We are in passenger cars, running along the
banks of the Potomac River. At the Point of Rocks,
about ten miles from Harper's Ferry, the road turns to the
left, headed to the north. At this point we bid farewell to
the old Potomac. No more picket duty along its banks in
all kinds of weather, watching for the enemy, and looking
at the turkey buzzards as they go sailing through the air.
Many times have I waded the old Potomac, swam in its
water, drank it, made coffee, fished in it. When clear its
157

waters appeared blue, or yellow from the storms. Either
blue or yellow we were obliged to use it and make the
best of it.
The country looked fine with its summer dress on, as
we passed through it. Arrived in Baltimore this after
noon. Marched from the Camden Street station, across
the city to the Philadelphia Railroad station. Passed
through Pratt Street, the point where the 6th Massachu
setts Regiment was attacked in April 1861. Soon on
board train where hilarity continued. No one allowed
to go to sleep. All are in good spirits and very happy as
we go speeding on towards Philadelphia, bound for home.
June 2gth. After an all-night's ride we arrived in
Philadelphia early this morning. Left the cars, taking
up the line of march, on through the city. Stopped at
the refreshment rooms of the Cooper Shop, when a good
breakfast was served by the good people of the city.
Many soldiers will remember the Cooper Shop refresh
ment rooms at Philadelphia. After breakfast again on
the march through the city, going on board a ferry-boat,
and like Washington we crossed the Delaware River, to
Camden and Amboy Railroad station, boarding a train
for South Amboy, so we were informed. Leaving Cam
den, our journey was a continuous ovation by the people
along the railroad line through Jersey. Cheers, waving
flags. Cities and villages had erected arches with
" Welcome home to our soldier boys." Whenever the
train would stop people came with refreshments. They
knew the boys were ever ready to eat the good things.
The journey across the state of New Jersey was a grand
reception. Through a fine country. It was a happy
time, and nothing happened to mar the pleasure of the
journey. It was a very happy time. Arrived at Amboy
158

all right. It was a great port for coal, an interesting
sight for us, never having seen so much coal at any one
time. Here we left the cars. After a short march went
on board a government transport, bound for New York
City. The journey on boat was very pleasant and en
joyed. The trip was along the south side of Staten
Island, on through the narrows between Long Island
and Staten Island, passing Forts Hamilton and Wads-
worth. Large camps were located at the forts. Cheers
greeted us as we passed on to the city, landing at the
Battery, where the trip ended. At Castle Garden we
were served with rations, after which we marched to
Peck Slip, along South Street, boarding the steamer
Granite State, bound for Hartford. A disappointment
to us, as we had expected to land at Norwich, our home
town, from which point we left on going to the war.
We were used to disappointments and got out of the trip
through the East River all the enjoyment we could.
Long after dark we lay down on the decks for a little
sleep and rest, that we needed very much. We knew
that in the night we would be sailing up the Connecti
cut River. The evening was fine, and the steamboat
had on board a happy crowd.
June 30th. Very early this fine June morning our
fife and drum corps went to the uppermost deck and beat
the reveille, and played at all the river landings as the
boat proceeded on up the river. It made good time,
landing at Hartford about 7 o'clock, after a very pleasant
journey from Martinsburg, West Virginia.
After we landed people began to come to the dock.
After a time a detachment of the Hartford City Guard
came to the dock as an escort. The regiment formed and
with the escort, marched up State Street, thence up Main,
159

countermarching to the State Capitol on Central Row,
where Governor Buckingham, members of the legisla
ture, and a few leading citizens, welcomed us home, and
extended the thanks of the state for our patriotism and
service. After the welcome and the addresses, breakfast
was served at the hotels, our company going to the City
Hotel. In the afternoon, regiment formed^ marched out
Park Street to a camp. Late in the afternoon we were
allowed to go to our homes and remain over July 4th.
Report back on the 6th for final discharge. Norwich.
Home again.
July Ist. Arrived home last night at 9 o'clock.
Great was the welcome home. Crowds were in waiting
to receive us. Hearts full of thanksgiving that we were
permitted to return to good old Connecticut. Soon made
our way to our various homes.
July 4th. A great parade and reception to our regi
ment. The welcome home was a grand time. During the
march, on the parade, many people were in tears, and
we knew the reason why. Their husbands and boys did
not come home. While we were happy we did not forget
the good fellows and the homes that contained a vacant
chair. It was a great day in old Norwich. A Fourth
that cannot be forgotten by those who participated in the
parade. It was the last parade of the Eighteenth Regi
ment, Connecticut Volunteers. Our guns and equipments
were laid aside. No more cruel war for us.
July 6th. Returned to Hartford to receive our final
discharge. Waiting. Reported we must pass one more
night in camp. We won't mind a little thing like that.
Tomorrow we will go free.
July 7th. Up early this morning. Waiting for our
turn to come for our pay and discharge.
160

July 7th, I86S-
The Eighteenth Regiment, Connecticut Volunteers,
disbanded. Its members free citizens again. The separa
tion was somewhat sad. We were happy that the end
had come. Now came the last good-bye, as we grasped
each other by the hand, looking into each other's face,
sad but happy. Our soldier life had come to an end. No
more picket and guard duty. No more marching by day
and night in all kinds of weather. No more camp life,
sleeping on the ground in all kinds of weather. No more
the long roll to call us out in the night. No more the
danger from battle, sickness, or suffering from hunger
and thirst. These things all helped to make the life of a
soldier a very serious one. Left Hartford at 6 P. M.
bound for Norwich, singing " Oh Happy Day."

11 161

I served with the 3d Corps, Army of the Potomac, in
the campaign in western Maryland, following the battle
of Gettysburg, up to July 20th, 1863.
Membership in our company, C, on leaving home
for the war 98
Recruits added 22

Total 1 20
Killed in battle, died from wounds and disease and
in rebel prison 20
Wounded 30
In prison during our service 80
Some were taken prisoner twice. A few members
were held prisoners for two years and died in Anderson-
ville. Passed through the following battles and skirmishes.
1863
June 13, 14, 15, Winchester, Va.
15, Summit Point, Va.
16, Carter's Farm, near Winchester, Va.
July Boonsborough, Md.
Falling Waters, Va.
1864.
May 15, New Market, Va.
June 3, Harrisonburg, Va.
162

June 5, Piedmont, Va.
5, Mt. Crawford, Va.
u, Lexington, Va.
14, Buchanan, Va.
15, Liberty, Va.
17, Quaker Church, Va., near Lynchburg.
18, Lynchburg, Va.
21, Salem, Va.
July 10, Hedgersville, Va.
18, Snickers Ford, Va.
23, Kearnstown, Va.
24, Kearnstown, Va.
24, Winchester, Va.
25, Martinsburg, Va.
August 11, Stoney Point, Va.
12, Middletown, Va.
12, Cedar Creek, Va.
13, Hupp's Hill, Va.
21, Opequon, Va.
21, Smithfield, Va.
22, Charlestown, Va.
22-26, Halltown, Va.
September 3, Berryville, Va. Our last real battle.
During the campaign of 1864, from May ist to
November ist, the 18th Regiment, Connecticut Volun
teers, are credited with having marched over thirteen
hundred miles, and I marched every step of it. Did not
lose an hour's duty.

163

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