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FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS

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THE sudden death of Mr. Holls brought distress to a very
wide circle, not only of his friends, but his followers —
one might say to his pupils — who did not know him personally.
Indeed, we have had no other instance which illustrated,
as his life did, the "public duty of a private citizen." He had
resolutely withdrawn himself from what is called public office,
but at the same time he knew that the People rule America,
and he knew that no sovereign is worth a straw unless on any
occasion he is in the saddle, foremost among those who rule.
And so it is that in what are called the private charities, be
cause they are not taken care of by political appointments, he
was ready to be at the helm or at the bow, wherever he might
be needed most. Thus it was that while he was the coun
selor most beloved, the first sought for in the most important
questions of diplomacy, at the same time he was the adviser
who knew best what was to be done in the humblest charities
of city life. " He was the companion of princes and he stood
unawed before kings." And the same man who knew how
to teach, knew how to instruct a widow in an attic in New
York how she should take care of her children. What is
more, he understood that he was serving the Good God, whose
child he was, as completely in the one case as in the other.
It was then simply a matter of course that with the tidings
of his death there came a chill and a tearful regret, and even
anxiety, as to the great duties in which he was engaged — how
in this enterprise or in that for the coming of the kingdom of
God the endeavors which he directed could go forward with
out his visible presence.

4 IN MEMORIAM
Different organizations, different men and women have tried
to express such regret and such anxiety as well as hope with
which such a life inspires men, in the several papers which will
be found in this volume. It has seemed to Mr. HoUs's friends
that a memoir of such a life as his ought to be preserved for
this generation and for future generations. And while we are
to hope and to expect that some such fitting biography of a
life so full and so successful shall be prepared, we think it de
sirable on every account that as an introduction to such a
biography this volume shall be printed separately.
The reader of the various resolutions and addresses which
are printed here will begin to get some idea of the wide range
of Mr. Holls's active life in this country. Beside his work
here, — by a certain divine fitness of things, it came about that
he was of use to his country, not only in America, but in
Europe. His early training in the home of his distinguished
father, the ease with which he used the three leading languages
of our modern life, enabled him to go and come in Europe,
when his country or the world needed him, as easily as he
came and went at home. His friendship with the leaders of
Europe has been at times of the first value to this nation of
ours, which he understood so completely and which he loved
so truly. In this volume, however, we only undertake to pre
serve the public memorials of respect and love which followed
immediately on the sudden death of a life so varied and useful.
His friends will join with me in the hope that such a biography
as I have spoken of will preserve the memories of a life so
important, though it was cut short so suddenly. Edward E. Hale

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS ^
IN the sudden death of Mr. Frederick W. Holls, on July 23,
this country has lost one of its best-trained and most ver
satile men of public affairs. Mr. Holls had just completed his
forty-sixth year, and was in the very prime of his intellectual
power and capacity for usefulness. With an intense American
patriotism, he was at the same time a citizen of the larger
republic that embraces broad-minded and peace-loving men of
all nations.
His father, George Charles Holls, was born in Darmstadt,
Germany, in 1824, of a family both distinguished and cultured.
The father of George Charles Holls, after retiring from army
service in the Napoleonic wars, had spent the remaining period
of his life in the direction of public charities for the city of
Darmstadt and the surrounding province. George Charles at
first chose the calling of a professor of science ; and to that
end he studied in German and French polytechnic schools.
But he soon found himself strongly drawn toward religious and
philanthropic work, and in a few years, through intensely inter
esting experiences, he had made himself both a practical and
a theoretical master of such methods as were then in vogue in
Germany for the training of destitute children and the carrying
on of other forms of social amelioration. He was a friend of
iThe editor of the Review of Reviews ¦was one of Mr. Holls's nearest and dearest friends.
This collection of memorials of his life is best introduced to its readers by the foUo^wing
memoir, all too brief, which appeared in the August number of that journal.
5

6 IN MEMORIAM
Froebel, and all the most distinguished educators and philan
thropists of Germany. While still in the twenties, he rendered
distinguished service in Silesia, learning the Polish language
in order to be of greater use.
It was in 1851 that he yielded to a strong impulse to come
to America. He was then only twenty-seven. His first year
was spent in teaching German and French in an academy in
Ohio while he learned English. In the next year, he was
married in Germany, and it was not long before he was called
upon to organize the first Lutheran orphan asylum in this
country, the location being Zelienople, Butler County, Pa. He
remained at the head of that institution for eleven years. It
was there that his only son, Frederick William Holls, was born in
1857. In the year 1866, Dr. Holls having meanwhile entered
the Lutheran ministry and risen to a high position in the
Church, there was established the Wartburg Orphan Farm
School, near Mount Vernon, in Westchester County, a few
miles from New York City. Dr. Holls was placed in charge
of this institution, which during his administration was pro
nounced by our foremost authorities to be the most admirable
and perfect institution of its kind ever known. He was a mas
ter of religious music, a man of wide and varied tastes and
interests, a writer and contributor to the press, and, in short, a
man of the very highest type of usefulness. He died in 1886,
when his son, then a member of the New York bar, was enter
ing his thirtieth year.
It is only through some such allusions to the career of his
father — a man greater even than his fame — that one can un
derstand the qualities and the career of Frederick William
Holls. He graduated with honor at Columbia College in
1878, and from the Law School of the same institution in 1880;
but the best part of his education was that which he owed to
the training he derived from his father at home as a boy. The

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS 7
father was as convinced and enthusiastic an American as if his
ancestors had come over in the Mayflower ; yet he knew the
value of languages and of a cosmopolitan training, and the son
grew up with a complete and easy mastery of two great lan
guages. From his early boyhood, also, he was trained in
music, of which he obtained a very extensive and thorough
knowledge. He was an amateur organist of greater skill than
most professionals.
With a father and grandfather eminent in philanthropy and
charitable work, it was natural enough that Mr. Holls should
have identified himself early with public movements for the
bettering of the condition of the people of New York City.
He was for many years a leading officer of the Legal Aid
Society, which has protected scores of thousands of poor
people against oppression and wrong. He was a director of
the Charity Organization Society, was active in tenement-
house reform work, and was ready to render service wherever
called upon.
He was married, in 1889, to Miss Caroline M. Sayles,
daughter of F. C. Sayles, Esq., of Rhode Island, whose death
was noted several months ago, and who had recently built, at
Pawtucket, R. I., a magnificent memorial library, a picture of
which was published in this Review, and at the dedication
of which Mr. Holls made an address. Mr. and Mrs. Holls,
soon after their marriage, made their home on the Hudson
River, in the suburbs of Yonkers, where his death occurred.
This charming home was a center of hospitality and of cul
tured life. Many persons of eminence, widely scattered, will
long cherish the memory of interesting conversations in Mr.
Holls's library, and of rare entertainment in the music-room.
Mr. Holls was an omnivorous reader, with a prodigious mem
ory ; and he possessed a large and well-selected library, rich
in historical, biographical, and political works.

8 IN MEMORIAM
While engaged for some twenty-two or three years in the
practice of law in New York City, he was always intensely
interested in politics and public questions; and as a Republi
can, had participated actively in every national campaign for
nearly a quarter of a century. He was in regular demand
where the campaign committees desired a speaker able to
appeal in their own language to Germans of the best class in
such cities, especially, as Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Louis.
The only elective office which he ever held was that of a mem
ber of the great constitutional convention which ten years ago
revised the organic law of the State of New York. Ambassa
dor Choate presided over that convention, and Secretary Root
was its leading member on the floor. Both these men will bear
ready testimony to the indefatigable services rendered them by
Mr. Holls, who was chairman of the committee on education, a
prominent member of the committee on cities, and a prompt
authority on many points that arose involving the past legal
or constitutional history of New York, or comparison with the
systems of other States.
As he grew older, his interest in foreign policy and inter
national problems was constantly increasing. He visited
Europe almost every summer, and became ever more widely
acquainted there with leading public men. He was especially
well known in Germany, where in recent years he had estab
lished a branch of his legal firm, and where his long and greatly
prized friendship with Dr. Andrew D. White made him always
at home at the American embassy. From the very moment of
the first announcement of the Czar's idea of an international
conference for the discussion of disarmament and the promotion
of peace, Mr. Holls was an enthusiastic supporter of the plan.
Without disparagement of any one else, it may be said that to
him, and, indeed, to him almost alone, must be attributed the
gradual arousing of President McKinley's interest in the con-

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS 9
ference, and the final determination of our government to be
represented by a large and strong delegation.
Mr. Holls's activity in the matter had made it natural that he
should be sent to The Hague, and he preferred to go in the
capacity of the delegation's secretary and executive officer.
His wide acquaintance in Europe, and his knowledge of French
and Spanish, as well as of German, made it possible for him
to be of enormous service, not only to the American delega
tion, but also to the Hague Conference as a whole. Every
leading European member of the conference, whether English,
French, Russian, German, or otherwise, has ever since been
ready to testify to the remarkable record made by Mr. Holls
in the whole work of the conference. It happened that the
disarmament proposals came to naught, while most unexpect
edly the conference was diverted — largely through American
influence — into the more fruitful field of international arbitra
tion. Mr. Holls was the American member of the great com
mittee which drafted the arbitration treaty. He showed unex
pected resources of knowledge in the sphere of international
law, and when the conference was over he wrote a book on its
work and achievements that will long make his name known to
students of history and international relations.
He had long been an intimate friend of President Roosevelt,
who had only a few weeks ago asked him to umpire the ad
justment of the German and English claims against Vene
zuela. He possessed the high distinction of being a member
of the permanent international Hague tribunal, having been
appointed to that office by the King of Siam. Whatever
future public honors might have been in store for him, he had
reached a position of influence and authority in the discus
sion of affairs which had already brought him world-wide
recognition. There was something, at times, in his directness and frank-

lo IN MEMORIAM
ness that seemed to men who did not know him well, or who
were of feeble convictions, to be tactless and aggressive ; but
in these days of over-tactfulness and complaisance it is re
freshing to know a man who has strong views and opinions,
and who never hesitates to assert them and is ready to fight
for them. Men of complete candor and intellectual honesty
in public affairs are not as numerous as one might wish for.
Mr. Holls lived and thought upon a high plane, and strove for
large rather than for petty ends. In the midst of the hurly-
burly of professional, political, business, and social life, he
never flinched from his full share of work ; yet he still, some
how, found time for the pursuits of a thinker, a scholar, and a
man of taste. With a remarkable sense of humor, his conver
sation sparkled with anecdote, and his letters were full of wit
and pithy description. From a letter that Dr. Edward Everett
Hale has written to express his own sorrow in the loss of Mr.
Holls, we may quote the following sentences :
I used to write to him every month to ask him what secrets there were
which I might publish on the housetops in our journal. And so often,
at least, I used to receive one of his wise, entertaining, vital letters,
full of the suggestions of that extraordinary insight which was, once and
again, of such service to the country. — From the " Review of Reviews."

THE funeral service at the home of Mr. Holls in Yonkers
called together his immediate friends and neighbors.
The friend of his lifetime, Rev. G. C. Berkemeier, made a short
address, introduced by the following poem :
HEIMGANG
HeimgangJ So the German people
Whisper when they hear the bell
Tolling from some gray old steeple.
Death's familiar tale to tell ;
When they hear the organ dirges
Swelling out from chapel dome,
And the singers' chanting surges,
Heimgang ! Always going home.
Heimgang ! Quaint and tender saying.
In the grand old German tongue,
That hath shaped Melanchthon's praying,
And the hymns that Luther sung;
Blessed is our loving Maker,
That where'er our feet shall roam.
Still we journey toward " God's Acre."
Heimgang! Always going home.
Heimgang! We are all so weary;
And the willows, as they wave.
Softly sighing, sweetly, dreary,
Woo us to the tranquil grave ;
When the golden pitcher 's broken.
With its dregs or with its foam,
And the tender words are spoken,
Heimgang ! We are going home !

ADDRESS
He who lies here in death before us was a citizen of the world.
Of German ancestry, he remained German to the core of his
heart, exhibiting in the traits of his character all the forceful
elements of his ancestry, Gemilt as well as Gemiltlichkeit, —
strong sentiment without sentimentaHty, honesty of purpose,
profundity and thoroughness in all that he did.
At the same time he was an illustrious example of an Amer
ican citizen, unbounded in his patriotism, untiring in his quiet
but manifold and far-reaching efforts for the honor, the name,
and the ever-widening influence of his native country. He was
a typical German-American. But he was more than this. He
was a friend of the English, entertaining intimate relations with
those highest in authority, the Prime Minister having honored
him with a friendly letter only a few days before his death. He
was a lover of the Russians, whose Sancta Sophia and Troitza
he interpreted to the New World, and having studied the peo
ple, he was finally, on special invitation, ushered into the pres
ence of the august sovereign of that country. He received
marked consideration from their imperial majesties the Kaiser
of Germany and the Emperor of Austria ; and, a Protestant,
was granted an audience by the late Pope in Rome. In every
direction he exerted his influence, and this influence was grow
ing, and always proved to be a potent factor for good. He was
called upon to sit in the council of nations, and helped hasten
the day when peace shall take the place of war, and good-will
to men shall govern the empires of the world. He was a uni
versal genius, and could say in truth. Homo sum, nihil humani

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS 13
a me ahenum puto ; a scholar and lover of science and art in
every branch ; a lover, a reader, a writer of books ; a traveler
and a linguist ; a thinker and philosopher. He was a citizen
of the world, — a noble, useful, loyal citizen, — and as such he
was recognized, valued, and honored by his peers at home and
abroad. And yet, the place where he was known best and prized
most highly and loved most sincerely was here, where we now
assemble, in his home-circle, amid the most sacred relations of
life; where we, who were privileged to associate with him as
intimate friends, so often enjoyed his hospitality and were
magnetized by his wonderful personality and delighted by his
golden words of wit and wisdom. .
The place where a good and noble man has lived ; the house
which he treasured as his home, where he spent silent, solemn
hours alone with his God, and had genial converse with the
elect of his heart ; the place where he developed his inner
self and whence his influence flowed forth as a many-branched
river into the outer world, — such a place is, indeed, sacred
ground, a tabernacle of God with men. And those of us who
saw and met our dear one dead within the sanctuary of home,
who found an opportunity here to look not only into his face,
but deep within the inmost recess of his noble heart — those,
and only those, I think, knew him thoroughly and appreciated
the mafi at his true worth.
It was my privilege in early youth and maturer days for
forty years to have been his intimate friend. And never did
I cross the threshold of his home except with joyful anticipa
tions, nor did I depart without grateful remembrance. Today
only it is different, and instead of beating with joyful expecta
tion, my heart mourns at the loss of a life-long friend. And
yet, there applies even now what the great poet has said of
memory : " It is the only Paradise from which we can never be

14 IN MEMORIAM
banished." The refreshing waters, which here bubbled forth
as an ever-flowing fountain, shall henceforth return as a mighty
flood of grateful remembrance. The enduring love of thou
sands will continue to bless this house, and may the God of
all comfort and mercy comfort the afflicted ones of this home,
even as a mother comforteth her child.
We shall never forget the beautiful and majestic tree under
whose shadow we have here so often rested, and by whose
sweet and mellow fruit we have so often been refreshed.
Grateful remembrance shall remain as fruitful seed out of the
gladsome harvests of bygone days. They say our friend is
dead. Dead? — not to us, not to our hearts. Love never ceas-
eth! He sleeps. W^e gaze upon his loved face not with
affright — but to be urged back into life, to live, to work, to
endeavor, to persevere while it is day, for full too soon the night
wUl come. The memory of the departed one shall fill us with
holy zeal, to make our lives noble, useful, symmetrical, beautiful.
So death produceth life. Let us not look down, but up; let us
not look back, but forward. The dawn of peace is upon us.
Half the night has fled and morning is near. " The things
which are seen are temporal, the things which are not seen
are eternal." "Without the hope of immortality," says the
great philosopher Herder, "I would not wish to have a
friend ! " — and he who forgets the dead will never prove a
true friend to the living.
So now, farewell, thou dearest friend ! Farewell — auf Wie-
dersehen. Depart in peace, thou good and faithful servant.
Life's work done ;
Life's race run;
Life's crown won —
And now rest !
Our tears, our gratitude, our love shall follow thee; also my
love, my tears, my gratitude. Again, farewell — auf Wiedersehen!

MEMORIAL SERVICES HELD AT
COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

jHemorial ^txWts"
IN HONOR OF THE LATE
FREDERICK W. HOLLS
EARL HALL, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK
October 22, 1903, 4 P.M.

PROGRAM OF EXERCISES
I. Andante Cantata  ... Tschaiko^wsky
richard arnold's string quartet
2. Professor William H. Carpenter
3. Honorable Andrew D. White address
4. Aria   Bach
richard arnold's string quartet
5. Professor Hugo Munsterberg address
6. Violin Solo, Adagio ... . .... David
mr. richard arnold
7. Dedication of Mr- Behrer's Bust of F. W. Holls to the Faculty of Political
Science of Columbia University by Dr. William C. Alpers on Behalf of
the Committee, and Response by Professor John Bassett Moore on Be
half OF the Faculty
8. Evening Song .  Schumann
richard arnold's string quartet
1 Dr. Holls ¦was a graduate of Columbia College, Class of 1878, and of the Columbia La^w
School, Class of 1880- On the twenty- second of October, at the suggestion of the Gesellig-
Wissenschaftlicher Verein, memorial services were held at Columbia University- The above
program was carried out.

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS
MEMORIAL EXERCISES!
A SIMPLE but impressive service in memory of the late Fred
erick William Holls (A.B., 1878; LL.B., 1880) was conducted
in Earl Hall on the afternoon of Thursday, October 22. The
service was held at the suggestion of the Gesellig-Wissenschaft-
licher Verein, the arrangements having been intrusted to a
committee of this society, on which the Germanic Department
of the University was also represented. A number of persons
affiliated with the University, both instructors and students,
were present, but the audience was chiefly composed of friends
and relatives of the deceased. The various addresses on the
program were interspersed with appropriate music furnished
by a string quartet, and at the conclusion of the service a bust
of Mr. Holls, executed by Mr. Behrer, was presented to the
Faculty of Political Science by Dr. William C. Alpers on behalf
of the committee.
Frederick William Holls, in the brief space of years that
Providence allotted to him, had come to be regarded as one of
the foremost and ablest exponents of those phases of German-
1 Professor Rudolf Tombo, Jr., of Columbia University, a valued friend of Mr- Holls,
wrote a full account of the Memorial Services for the December number of the Columbia
University Quarterly (Vol- VI, No- i, pp. 40-49).

i8 IN MEMORIAM
Americanism which the most patriotic American of English
descent would not hesitate to countenance. All his life long he
represented the high and humane ideals that were voiced in
Germany at the close of the eighteenth century by the eloquent
Lessing and the prophetic Herder, and these ideals he was
never weary of applying to the conduct not alone of the indi
vidual, but of the nation. The presence at the memorial service
of the most distinguished German-Americans of New York
bore striking testimony to the affection and esteem in which the
deceased was held by this portion of our community. The fact
that he also enjoyed the friendship and regard of some of the
most prominent citizens of our republic not of German descent,
amply proved that his conception of the place that the German-
American should occupy in the community was sound and
wholesome and not in any way dictated by narrow racial preju
dice. We of Columbia, too, have much reason to be proud of
the service rendered by Mr. Holls, both to his Alma Mater and
to the country at large. The same active interest in the Uni
versity which Mr. Holls evinced as a student he continued to
display as an alumnus ; and it was therefore peculiarly fitting
that sons of Columbia should join with friends and relatives to
honor his memory.
President Roosevelt, a warm personal friend and admirer of
Mr. Holls, sent the following letter, which was read at the
opening of the services :
I wish I could be present at the memorial service in honor
of my valued friend, Frederick W. Holls. Unfortunately, it is
not possible. Mr. Holls has rendered eminent service to our
country in many ways ; he has worked with tireless energy and

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS 19
with singleness of purpose for many of the reforms upon the
necessity of which our best leaders of public opinion were
agreed. Prominent among his services is that rendered in
connection with the establishment of the Court of Arbitration
at the Hague. I feel that his death is a grievous loss, not only
to us, his friends, but to our people as a whole ; and were I able
to leave Washington at this time, I should certainly be with
you. The words of welcome were delivered by Professor W. H.
Carpenter of the Germanic Department, who spoke as follows :
It is with a feeling of sad pleasure that we welcome you here
today to celebrate, under the auspices of the University, a ser
vice in memory of one who was not only a distinguished alum
nus of Columbia, but a most loyal and faithful son. Frederick
William Holls entered the freshman class of Columbia College
in 1874, and four years later, in 1878, was graduated a bachelor
of arts. Two years afterwards he received the degree of bach
elor of laws from the Columbia Law School. During this long
period of study his roots struck deeply into college life, and he
was in many directions one of the strong and notable men of
his class in both Law School and College. Among his many
student activities he is remembered as the first editor of the
Columbia Spectator, the college organ that exists as a daily
journal today. If he was active as a student in student interests,
he was no less eagerly interested in the growth and develop
ment of the University in the busy years that have intervened,
when he always gladly and self-disinterestedly stood ready with
word and deed to help us along our way. It was with peculiar
satisfaction, then, to us at Columbia, that we learned that you
who are not our alumni, on your own initiative, desired to have
these memorial services at this University, because we saw that

20 IN MEMORIAM
you plainly connected Frederick W. Holls's career, so wide in
its later activities, in its beginnings, at least, inherently with us,
and as we, too, like to connect it. Columbia mourns with you
today a son departed, but glories, too, in the memory of his
career — a life brief in its measure of years, but long in distin
guished achievement.
The first address was made by the Hon. Andrew D. White,
late Ambassador to the German Empire :
Ladies and Gentlemen :
More deeply than is usual on occasions of this kind, this com
memoration must touch our hearts.
Usually such gatherings to renew and compare our remem
brances of a departed friend are made up wholly or mainly of
members of the same profession, or the same organization, or
the same sect, or the same party. That is not at all the case
with us today. We come from various professions, from many
organizations, from all sects and parties ; we represent, indeed,
nothing less than universal humanity.
Usually, also, such meetings commemorate the departure of
men laden with years and honors ; of men who have well
rounded out their lives ; who have discharged their duties and
received their rewards : but we now meet to commemorate a
man who had not reached middle age. He had, indeed, dis
charged duties, many, varied, and important, and he had dis
charged them well ; but we had all thought of him as only at
the beginning of his career. Therefore it is that his death
comes to us all as an especial loss, leaving a void both in our
hearts and in our best hopes and expectations of his yet higher
service to his country.
My first knowledge of him was derived from various com
munications made by him to the press — articles which showed

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS 21
an ardent devotion to a reform of the civil service. What
especially struck me was their clearness, their cogency, their
practical insight into American life, their thorough under
standing of the conditions under which a struggle for such a
reform must be made in a republic Hke ours. He was then but
a young man — just out of Columbia College. He had clearly
set for himself a high ideal, but he pointed out paths toward it
which were practical. He had made the studies which doctri
naires make, but he had done far more; for while his know
ledge of the best thoughts of the best thinkers was wide and
deep and accurate, he had closely observed men as they are,
and he had kept in touch with them.
Frederick the Great said of Joseph II, who made perhaps
the noblest of all efforts in modern times to accomplish great
reforms, and yet the most unsuccessful, that he always took the
second step before he had taken the first. This could not be
said of our friend. In his efforts one step logically followed
another. He was willing to labor and to wait. He strove for
the best attainable, in the hope of securing, later, the best
thinkable. He had faith in right as against wrong, even
though right was delayed. He had inherited a noble German
idealism, and he had gained American straightforward com
mon sense. He revered the political ideas of Francis Lieber ;
he rejoiced in the patriotism and eloquence of Carl Schurz; he
cherished the teachings of his Columbia instructors, notably
those of Professor Burgess: but in solving any political prob
lem or laying down a line of political action he took the course
revealed to him by his own reason and his own conscience —
even though it led him away, temporarily, from friends very
near and dear to him.
My first personal acquaintance with him was made at the
Republican National Convention of 1884, at Chicago. Unex
pectedly to myself, I had been sent there as one of the dele-

22 IN MEMORIAM
gates-at-large from the State of New York, as the colleague
of such men as Theodore Roosevelt and George William
Curtis. We had been elected as " Independents." Our wish
was that whoever might be nominated or whatever might be
done, the candidate of the party should be fully and thoroughly
committed to a reform of the civil service. For that we cared
more than for the success of any individual. The candidate
whom we favored was not nominated. The candidate selected
was more widely beloved by his contemporaries than any
statesman since Henry Clay, but we feared his connection with
men and methods of the past, we doubted whether his alle
giance to the principles we had at heart could be secured. An
especial effort was therefore made to interest him in the re
form, and to induce him to commit himself to it, and one of the
main agents in this effort was this young German-American.
He discharged his duties vigorously and faithfully; made, at
once, the journey from Illinois to Maine, and wrought there
with others so efficiently that the candidate committed himself
definitely, fully, and publicly to the militant reform.
The activities of our friend now became varied. He was
making a vigorous beginning as a young lawyer; he had his
own way to hew and he was obliged to work hard; but this
caused no abatement of his political efforts. It was soon seen
that his interest in the higher range of political questions was
greater even than in his profession, and that, as regarded a
very considerable number of such questions, especially those in
which our German-American citizens were most interested, he
was a wise counselor and a forceful speaker. Whether in
the committee room or on the stump, whether advising or
exhorting, whether in English or in German, he was soon
recognized as a power to be reckoned with.
There was in him a big, hearty, shrewd force — physical,
intellectual, moral — which it was hard to resist, This was

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS 23
soon felt by his neighbors and he was nominated to the State
Senate. In the district where he lived his party was indeed in
a hopeless minority and defeat was of course; but he made a
strong effort, and the party was the better for it.
The next important step in his public career was his election
to the State Constitutional Convention. There he was soon
among the leaders. He threw himself into the work with all
his thoughtfulness and force. Nearest his heart were ques
tions pertaining to the betterment of municipal government and
the advancement of the educational system of the State in aU
its branches ; to these things he gave steady thought and con
stant effort, with a most useful result to our whole Common
wealth. The next main step in his public career was when, in 1899,
he was appointed secretary to the American delegation at the
Peace Conference of the Hague. From intimate knowledge, I
do not hesitate to assert that no member of the delegation ren
dered greater services than he. More and more I was im
pressed by his earnestness in studying the questions which rose
before us. He brought to this task a clear and thorough
knowledge of international law ; but he also brought remark
able skill in securing the best opinion from his contemporaries
and associates, and he constantly showed his force in discus
sion. Before the delegation had been at the Hague twenty-
four hours, he seemed to know and to be in touch with the
leading men in the whole body ; he seemed instinctively to dis
cern those who were simply make-weights and lookers-on, and
those who might be made useful allies in the effort of the
American government to secure a practical plan of arbitration.
As a member of the great committee of the conference on
arbitration, he was especially active. More and more his abil
ity was recognized by the leading men representing various
nations in that body, and more and more he influenced their

24 IN MEMORIAM
thinking. One matter deserves here especial mention. He
was the only member of the whole body whose name was given
by general consent to a successful proposal — for it was he
who suggested the article on "Seconding Powers," which was
finally adopted by the conference in full session and with vir
tual unanimity. It was generally known as " The Holls Pro
posal" — "Z« Proposition Holls." It is altogether likely that
this may yet prove a most important weapon in the armory of
peace. Recognition of his ability, his shrewdness, his earnestness,
his force, came in various ways and from many different quar
ters. A strong friendship grew up between him and leading
delegates from England, France, Germany, Russia, Austria,
the Netherlands and Italy. Perhaps the most curious and
interesting of all the tributes to his ability was that made by
the Siamese delegation; its members formed so high an opin
ion of him that he was soon afterwards selected as one of the
judges to represent Siam on the permanent arbitration tribunal.
While thus doing worthy work in the conference at large,
his skilful activity was shown in other ways. Some time after
our assembling, there arose questions of the utmost difficulty
and delicacy. It was suddenly made known that three of the
greater powers of continental Europe were likely to take ground
against the whole idea of international arbitration. It was
therefore decided by the presidents of the German and Ameri
can delegations to send each a special messenger to Berlin to
clear up misunderstandings and to prevent such a catastrophe,
if possible. Our friend was one of the two selected, the other
being one of the most eminent European authorities in inter
national law. Never was mission more successful. Mr. Holls
at once gained the confidence of the Minister of Foreign Affairs,
then Count von Buelow, and even of the Chancellor of the
Empire, Prince Hohenlohe. Both these magnates were greatly

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS 25
impressed by his straightforward and earnest statement of the
case. The danger was averted and thenceforward the repre
sentatives of Germany, of Austria- Hungary and of Italy stood
shoulder to shoulder with those of the United States, Great
Britain and France in the creation of an international tribunal.
At a later period Mr. Holls clenched this work by interviews
with the three continental emperors, — the Emperor William,
the Emperor Francis Joseph, and the Emperor Nicholas.
These interviews were not merely perfunctory. He discussed
with these monarchs the work of the conference, fully, ear
nestly and with power. They gladly heard him, and he thus
undoubtedly increased the certainty of ultimate triumph for
international arbitration.
The same thing may be said as to his activity among
European statesmen, especially at Berlin, London, Paris and
St. Petersburg. Probably no young American of our time has
thoroughly discussed the questions raised by the International
Peace Conference, or indeed any current political questions,
with so many leaders of various European nations as did our
friend in these interviews.
In the intervals of political effort at home and of these ser
vices to international peace abroad, he did much other work.
Especially important was his book upon the Hague Confer
ence. It gave the history which led up to the calling of that
body, and it showed what was said and clone, not only in the
body at large, but in the various committees and by the individ
uals who took an important part in its deliberations. In view
of the brief time in which the book was prepared, it certainly
did our friend great credit. It must ever remain a monument,
not only to the congress of which it records the history, but
to this young secretary who, in so short a space of time, gave
so complete an account of the work then done for his country
and for humanity at large.

26 IN MEMORIAM
From various journeys in many parts of the world he also
brought back much of general interest, but among the things
we have to regret is that he published so little of this. Those
who have read his recollections of his Eastern journeys, and
especially of his stay at Constantinople, must always regret
that he did not find time to give to the press more of these
results of travel. The latest of his publications in this field has
especial interest to many scholars. Happening to stop at
Weimar, during a rapid journey through central Germany, he
discovered the manuscript letters which passed between Ralph
Waldo Emerson and Herman Grimm. These he prepared for
publication, and they throw a most pleasant light over the rela
tions of the greatest of American philosophers and the most
thoughtful of recent German critics.
I might dwell upon many of his varied qualities which so
endeared him to the friends who knew him best. Many of us
had occasion to admire the breadth and depth of his acquain
tance with literature, both German and English, with the best
historical treatises, and with the clearest statements of modern
political thought on both sides of the Atlantic. All this drew
us to him, but he had two special gifts which were to those
who knew him best a constant delight. First, his fund of
humor. Whether in English or German, this fund seemed
inexhaustible. Again and again I have seen it drawn upon in
the midst of surroundings so diverse as gatherings of political
leaders in America, and of university professors in Germany, —
and always to the joy of his hearers.
But perhaps that which drew the group of his most intimate
friends most closely to him was his passion for what was best
and highest in music. Who that has been privileged to hear
him in the midst of his beautiful home surroundings, while
interpreting the most lofty inspirations of the greatest com
posers, can ever forget it?

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS 27
And here perhaps I may be allowed to give one reminiscence
showing not only his skill in the great art which he loved so
well, but his promptness, shrewdness and tact in doing the
right thing at the right moment.
On the 4th of July, 1899, in the midst of the sessions of the
Peace Conference at the Hague, the American delegation cele
brated our national festival of Independence, and invited to this
celebration not only the delegates from our sister nations, but
the leading representatives of the Netherlands : the ministers
of the crown, the men foremost in science, literature and art,
the leaders in the universities, the authorities of the cities. The
celebration was held at the ancient cathedral church in the
City of Delft, and the central event of the whole celebration was
the laying of a wreath of silver and gold, by the American dele
gation, upon the tomb of Hugo Grotius — a tribute to the fore
most leader in the realm of international law — the first to
utter forth to the world a plea for a settlement of international
difficulties by the methods of peace rather than by those of war.
The main labor in making all the arrangements fell to our
friend, the secretary of the American delegation. His duty
was discharged vigorously, thoroughly, perfectly. The great
national choir of Amsterdam, which had sung at the coronation
of the Queen of the Netherlands, he assembled in the apse of
this vast church edifice. At the great organ he placed one of
the most eminent professors of the Netherlands ; he made pro
vision even for the due chiming of the bells in the tower, and
finally for a dinner, admirably served in the ancient Town Hall,
to four hundred and fifty guests. As the center of all the exer
cises came addresses by the Netherlands ministers of state, by
the Burgomaster of the City of Delft, and by representatives of
our own delegation, of whom I rejoice to remember as the most
eloquent the then President of Columbia University, the present
Mayor of the City of New York, the Honorable Seth Low.

28 IN MEMORIAM
But the event most characteristic of our friend occurred just at
the beginning of the proceedings. Our delegation, being as
sembled at the extreme east end of the cathedral, in front
of the tomb of William of Orange and at the side of the
tomb of Grotius, awaited the coming of the delegates of all
the great states represented at the Hague. Presently they
began to arrive. First came the president of the confer
ence. Baron de Staal, the Russian ambassador at London,
with his large body of associates. Hardly had he planted
his foot within the church, filled as it was with a vast assem
bly, when from the great organ went up the Russian national
anthem, swelling through the aisles, rolling under the vaults,
echoing between the arches, majestic and sublime. Next came
the representatives of Austria- Hungary ; and hardly had they
entered the church when their great national anthem, the
"Imperial Austrian Hymn," sounded through the vast edifice.
The German delegation was duly saluted by "Die Wacht am
Rhein." Lord Pauncefote followed, and there swelled forth
" God Save the Queen," and when the delegates of France
entered there came an outburst of " La Marseillaise." And so
it was that every leading national delegation, as it entered this
vast edifice and made its way up the broad aisle, was in its
turn greeted by its own national anthem gloriously given.
The old cathedral seemed to tremble for joy — joy at the in
coming of a better epoch.
At first it was all a wonder to me. It was hard to understand
how the organist could have possibly arranged matters so per
fectly ; but presently, on looking about, I discovered that our
friend was not with us, and then the mystery was solved. In
his determination that all should be done in the best manner
possible, he had quietly left us, made his way up into the organ
loft, taken the place of the organist, and having arranged a
chain of signals from the entrance of the cathedral, had been
able to salute each delegation as it arrived with the music

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS 29
which it recognized as its own. Those of us who best know
our friend will see in this a combination of his two most remark
able characteristics — his profound esthetic sense and his prompt
ness in doing his duty, whatever it might be.
On his return home he resumed all his more important
activities. His merit as an adviser was recognized, especially
in questions pertaining to the relations between the United
States and Germany, and between German-Americans and the
great body of our citizens at large, by both the late and pres
ent President of the United States. The last letter which I
ever received from him was one written on the last afternoon
of his life, giving an account of a recent discussion with the
President regarding certain important matters of international
policy. It represented all of our friend's best characteristics —
his clearness of vision, the cogency of statement, his earnest
patriotism, and his devotion to international peace with honor.
It came to me as a voice from beyond the tomb. Thirty-six
hours before I received it, while making an excursion on the
coast of Maine, I had taken up a newspaper and there had
seen the account of his sudden death, and it was only at the
end of the following day that his letter reached me. I thought
of the words, " He being dead yet speaketh."
Many lessons of value might be drawn from his career, but I
think that they must be evident to us all. They are treasured
in the hearts of those who knew him best. There is no need
to dwell upon them here. Deep as is our disappointment that
he is lost to us, and above all, to his country, at so early an age,
we may yet be thankful for the example he has set, for lofty
ideals worthily followed, for good purposes nobly served, for
sturdy battles bravely fought, for a spirit strenuous, yet kindly,
for a life full of force, yet full of beauty.
Mr. White was followed by Professor Hugo Miinsterberg, of
Harvard University, who spoke of his intimate friendship with

30 IN MEMORIAM
the deceased and of his friend's view of the duties of the Ger
man-American citizen. Professor Miinsterberg, speaking in
German, delivered the following address:
Die Geschichte des Deutschtums in Amerika ist farblos und
einformig. Das Deutschtum tat seine Schuldigkeit, ehrbar
und schlicht, ohne kiihne Hoffnungen und deshalb ohne schwere
Enttauschungen : nur selten kam der Anlass zu iiberwalti-
gender Freude oder zu erschlitternder Trauer. Um so tiefer
mussdaher der Schmerz in die Seele greifen, wenn das Deutsch
tum endlich einmal aus seinem Boden eine stolze sieghafte Per-
sonlichkeit erwachsen sieht, die den Deutschen des Landes
wie kein andrer Ehre bringen sollte, und dann ein Blitz hernie-
derzuckt, der plotzlich alles Hoffen vernichtet. Ja, selten hat
das Deutschtum Amerikas zu ernsterer Trauer Anlass gehabt,
als in der Stunde, da Friedrich Wilhelm Holls starb. Von den
Millionen Deutschamerikanern, die in diesem Lande geboren
sind, schien er wie kaum ein andrer berufen, ein Fiihrer zu
werden ; wer den schnellen Anstieg seiner letzten Jahre sah,
der fiihlte lebhaft, dass alles nur die Vorbereitung flir grosse
reife weitwirkende Taten gewesen : und da erstarrte die Lippe,
ehe das erfiillende Wort gesprochen war.
Bei einer so inhaltvollen Personlichkeit istjedes Erinnerungs-
wort unzureichend und deutlich vor allem empfinde ich es, wie
viele andre wiirdiger waren, die Gefiihle der Deutschen in
dieser Stunde zum Ausdruck zu bringen. Nur eines gibt mir
dazu den Mut : die enge treue rlickhaltlose Freundschaft, die
mich mit dem Verstorbenen wahrend seiner letzten Lebens-
jahre verbunden hat. Ja, mich durchsonnt die Erinnerung an
immer neue gliickliche Plauderstunden, wenn wir am Hiigel-
abhang seines prachtigen Gartens sassen, im Friihling in
seiner Lieblingslaube unter den bliihenden Apfelbaumen,
oder im Herbst, wenn die blauen Trauben um uns reiften, und

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS 31
die Blicke iiber den Hudson hinliber zu den Pallisaden
schweiften. Oder wenn er hiniiber nach Harvard kam, wo er
so gerne unter den alten Ulmen schlenderte und oftmals im Ge
sprach aus dem Morgen der Abend ward. Aber immer doch
war ich mir dessen bewusst, dass er mir nicht nur ein person-
licher Freund war, sondern dass ich in den Ziigen des Freundes
noch ein andres suchte und fand: das Idealbild des Deutsch-
amerikaners. Als ich vor Jahresfrist ein Buch amerikanischer
Eindriicke in die Welt hinaussandte, da trug jeder Band auf
der Widmungsseite die Inschrift: Friedrich Wilhelm Holls, dem
idealen Typus des Amerikaners von deutscher Abstammung.
Er selber hat es oft deutlich ausgesprochen, was er als Ziel-
punkt des amerikanischen Deutschtums erfasste. Eines vor
allem : der Deutsche soil mit ganzem Herzen Amerikaner sein.
Jede Stunde seines Tagewerks hat diese ernsteste Forderung
erfiillt : mit gliihendem Patriotismus hat er dem Lande gedient,
in dem er geboren wurde, und selbst in jener Feststunde, als die
Deutschen den Bruder des Kaisers griissten, war ein stolzes
Amerikabekenntnis sein erstes Wort. Und dennoch war die
Zugehorigkeit seiner Eltern zum deutschen Volke fiir ihn
durchaus nicht nur eine sentimentale Erinnerung, sondern eine
Quelle freudiger Aufgaben, wertvollster Pflichten. Welches
sind diese deutschamerikanischen Pflichten ?
Nicht einen Staat im Staate sollen die Deutschen schaffen.
Wenn die Deutschen sich absondern, so sagte er oft, dann er-
kennen sie damit auch andren das Recht zu, besondere Gruppen
zu bilden, und da die Englander in der Mehrheit sind, so
wlirden die Deutschen dadurch in die zweite Reihe zuriick-
gedrangt. Unser Freund wollte es anders. Es gibt nur eine
Art Amerikanertum. Es ist so wenig englisch wie es deutsch
ist: es ist ein Neues, ein erst taglich zu Schaffendes, das als
einheitliche sittliche Aufgabe den Abkommlingen aller Na-
tionen gestellt ist. Jede Nation soil ihr Bestes beitragen.

32 IN MEMORIAM
dieses Volk der Zukunft zu innerer Vollendung zu erheben,
aber das Ganze ist dann schliesslich gemeinsames Werk, mit
gleichem Anrecht fiir alle, die zur amerikanischen Neukultur
beitragen durften.
So kam es, dass er den Schwerpunkt vielleicht weniger als
andre auf die Pflege des Deutschen als Umgangssprache legte.
Er liebte die Sprache seiner Eltern von Herzen, er sprach sie
vollendet, er ehrte sie dadurch, dass er sie rein hielt und nie die
widerwartige Vermischung von Deutsch und Englisch duldete,
seine bedeutendsten Reden hat er deutsch gehalten : aber im
Grunde wollte er das Deutsche hier als die Sprache der deut
schen Dichter und Denker gepflegt wissen, als Kultursprache,
nicht als Volkssprache, da er eben nur eine einzige Art des
Amerikanertums anerkannte und es aus historischen Griinden
feststand, dass Deutsch nicht die Sprache des neuen ameri
kanischen Volkes sein kann. Wichtigeres als die sprachliche
Form sollte das Deutschtum zu der neuen Kultur beitragen :
deutsche Griindlichkeit und deutsche Tiefe, deutsches Gemiits-
leben und deutsche Gewissenhaftigkeit, deutsche Freudigkeit
und deutschen Ernst.
Hier setzte sein bestes Wollen ein und alle Einfliisse des
vaterlichen Predigerhauses, alle Gaben, die Natur ihm mitge-
geben, alle Zlige seines Temperaments und Characters, wirk-
ten harmonisch zusammen, um ihn in diesem Sinne zum Vor-
bild werden zu lassen. Wer lauschen durfte, wenn er in seinem
Heim mit Kiinstlerhand die Orgel spielte, der wusste, dass
alles Tiefe und Ernste der deutschen Volksseele in seinem
Gemiite herrlich weiterklang. Immer wieder versenkte er
sich in die deutsche Dichtung; deutsche Geschichtsschreibung
war seine liebste Lektiire ; dem Andenken Hermann Grimm's
war seine letzte Schrift gewidmet. Und der deutsche Idealis-
mus, der ihn selbst erflillte, sollte nun die weitesten Kreise
durchdringen. Wie ward er zum Rufer im Streit, wenn es gait

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS 33
fiir Reinheit und Ehre im politischen Kampfe einzustehn, wenn
es gait, das Dauernde iiber den Vorteil der Stunde zu erheben.
Was ihm nahe trat, ergriff er mit deutscher wissenschaftlicher
Griindlichkeit ; der Verkehr mit Gelehrten war ihm Lebens-
bediirfnis ; die wissenschaftliche Arbeitsweise trug er in jedes
Gebiet, das er beriihrte. Als ihn der Haager Friedenskon-
gress zu beschaftigen anfing, wandte er sich sofort den em-
sigsten Forschungen zu und bald schrieb er das griindlichste
Werk iiber die ganze Bewegung. Er sagte oft, dass der
schlimmste innere Feind Amerikas die Oberflachlichkeit sei
und dass Amerika erst lernen miisse, wie sehr es not tut, ein
Problem wirklich zu bemeistern, ehe man es zu losen versucht.
Vor allem aber glaubte er an die vertiefte deutsche Lebens-
auffassung ; nichts Wertvolleres bringt der Deutsche iiber den
Ozean. Er bewunderte die angelsachsischen Tugenden, aber
er wusste es, nur der deutsche sittliche Idealismus kann das
nationale Leben Amerikas "davor bewahren, von dem Flug-
sand der Tagespolitik verschiittet zu werden." In tiefbe-
wegten Worten sprach er das aus, als ich ihn zum letzten Male
sah, kurze Wochen vor seinem Tode. Er war hiniiberge-
kommen, um in Boston und Concord die Erinnerungsfeier zu
Emerson's hundertstem Geburtstag mitzuerleben. Mit der
Begeisterung eines Jlinglings schritt er durch die Strassen
von Concord, das er mit Weimar verglich, und genoss den
Zauber jener Stunden, in denen Emerson's Geist lebendig
wurde. Immer wieder kam er damals darauf zuriick, dass
der deutsche Idealismus, der Idealismus Fichtes, der Emerson
bewegte, fiir Amerika wichtiger sei als irgend eine deutsche
Erbschaft. Zu seinem deutschen Lebensernst und seiner deutschen
Tiefe gesellte sich aber wie bei wenigen die deutsche Lebens-
freude. Seine launige, oft schalkhafte Heiterkeit, sein Behagen
an frohlicher Geselligkeit, sein Gliick im Heim, sein Schwel-

34 IN MEMORIAM
gen in Dichtung und Musik, seine Liebe fiir die Natur, seine
Freude am personlichen Verkehr mit Mannern von historischer
Bedeutung, alles einigte sich, damit sein tatenvolles Leben
zugleich ein freudenvoUes wiirde, und wahrend sein Dasein in
seiner Arbeit weiterwirken wollte wie die Rede des Anwalts,
war es zugleich in seiner Lebensfreude jederzeit in sich selbst
vollendet wie der Sang des Dichters. Und so in voUster
Lebenslust traf ihn der schnelle leidenlose Tod.
Aber die Pflichten des Deutschen in Amerika erfiillen,
bedeutete ihm nicht nur, deutsche Ideale in die Volksseele zu
senken, sondern zugleich, zwischen dem Vaterlande und
dem Lande der Vater Faden der Freundschaft hiniiber und
heriiber zu knlipfen. Auch da hat kein Deutscher, der unter
dem Sternenbanner geboren, je die Aufgabe tiefer erfasst und
reicher erfiillt. Was er fiir die freundschaftlichen Beziehun-
gen beider Lander vollbracht, durch das, was er angeregt,
und vielleicht noch mehr durch das, was er verhindert, wird
erst dann deutlich hervortreten, wenn es nicht mehr Politik ist,
wenn es Geschichte geworden ist. War es doch auch sein
personlichstes Verdienst, dass Deutschland in entscheidender
Stunde den Widerspruch gegen die amerikanischen Vor-
schlage auf der Haager Konferenz aufgab. Und niemals war
seine Politik durch kleinliche Sonderinteressen bestimmt ; sein
scharfes Auge sah die Welt in historischer Perspektive. Grade
well Amerika fiir ihn nicht zufalliges Produkt der Vergan-
genheit, sondern sittliche Aufgabe der Zukunft war, so wurde
die deutschamerikanische Freundschaft fiir ihn nicht nur ein
Wunsch der zuriickschauenden Pietat, sondern vor allem ein
Ziel der vorwartsschauenden Kulturarbeit. Deshalb war er
auch gewiss, dass das ungeschriebene Biindnis zwischen
Deutschland und der Neuen Welt sich nicht gegen England
kehren dlirfe ; unermiidlich suchte er zwischen den teutoni-
schen Volkern auszugleichen.

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS 35
Vielleicht kein amerikanischer Privatmann ist so vielen lei-
tenden Staatsmannern Europas personlich nahe getreten wie
er; gleichviel aber, ob er mit Kaisern und Kanzlern ver-
handelte oder im schlichten Kreise der Freunde plauderte, auf
dem Forum wie am Kamin, er war stets der gleiche Idealist,
stets der gleiche Enthusiast, dem die Ehre seiner Nation und
der Friede der Welt die weite Seele erfiillte. Das aber wusste
er, dass der Friede der Welt am besten gesichert ist, wenn die
germanischen Volker ihn schiitzen, und dass die Ehre der
amerikanischen Nation am kostlichsten glanzen wird, wenn
das wahre Deutschtum im Lande zu starkerem Einfluss
kommt, denn tief in seinem Herzen gliihte still der Glaube,
dass von alien Idealen die deutschen doch die reinsten sind.
Lasset uns sorgen, dass auf seinem Grabeshiigel niemals der
deutsche Eichkranz fehlt.
[Here follows a translation of the foregoing address']
The history of German culture in America is colorless and
uniform. The German has done his duty, modestly and sim
ply, without daring hope.s, and thus without sharp disillusions:
seldom has he been moved to overpowering joy or to over
whelming sorrow. So much the deeper, then, must be the
grief of the community of Germans, in seeing a high, conquer
ing personality — one sprung at last from its own soil, one
which should have, more than any other, done honor to the
Germans of the land — struck down of a sudden by a blow
which brings all hope to naught. Seldom, indeed, has the
German race in America had ground for graver mourning
than in the hour when Frederick William Holls died. Of the
millions of German-Americans born in the country he seemed
called, as none other, to be a leader; they who saw the
rapid rise of his last years perceived clearly that all that had

36 IN MEMORIAM
gone before was but the preparation for ripe and great achieve
ment: and then the lips grew cold in death, ere yet the con
summate word was spoken.
For so rich and so significant a personality, every word of
commemoration is inadequate, and keenly do I feel how much
more worthy were many others to voice the feelings of Ger
mans in this hour. One thing alone gives me courage : the
close, loyal, and frank friendship which, during these, his last
years, has bound me to the dead. There comes to me the
sunny memory of oft-renewed and ever-joyous hours of talk,
on the terrace of his splendid garden, or in spring-time in his
favorite bower under the blossoming apple-trees, or in autumn
when the purple grapes were ripening about us, and our eyes
could sweep the Hudson to the Palisades beyond; or when
he came in turn to Harvard, where he loved to saunter under
ancient elms, and in happy interchange the morning hours
passed, oft unnoted, into evening. But I was ever conscious
that he was to me not a personal friend alone; in the features
of the friend I sought and found another — the ideal fig-ure of
the German-American. When I, a year before, had launched
upon the world a book of impressions of America, every
volume bore in dedication : " To F. W. Holls, ideal type of the
American of German descent."
He has himself often and clearly proclaimed what he held to
be the end and aim of German culture in America. One thing
above all: the German shall be whole-heartedly American.
Every hour of his day's work has made good this solemn obli
gation : with glowing patriotism has he served the land in
which he was born, and even in that festal hour in which the
Germans welcomed the brother of the Kaiser, a proud avowal
of loyalty to America was his first word. And yet the fact
that his parents belonged to the German people was for him
not at all a mere sentimental memory, but a spring of joyous

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS 37
tasks, of precious duties. These duties of the German-Ameri
cans — what are they ?
' It is not a state within a state that the Germans have to
build. If the Germans sunder themselves from the rest, as he
often said, they concede thereby to others the right to form
separate groups, and as the English are the more numerous,
the Germans will have to take a secondary role. Our friend
would have it otherwise. There is but one kind of American
national life. It is English no more than it is German : it is a
new creation, shaped from day to day, set as a single moral
task to the descendants of all nations. Each nation shall give
her best to bring this future folk to self-realization, but the
whole is then a common product, in which all who were privi
leged to contribute to the new culture of America have equal
title. So it was, that he laid, perhaps, less weight than others on
the use of German as a means to intercourse. He sincerely
loved the speech of his parents, he was master of it, he hon
ored it in keeping it pure and in refusing to countenance the
offensive mixture of German and English, and he delivered in
German his most important addresses ; but at heart he wished
the German to be cherished here as the tongue of German
poets and thinkers, as Kultursprache, not as the language of
the people ; inasmuch as he in fact admitted but a single type
of American national culture, and it was unquestioned that
German could not be the speech of the new American nation.
Gifts greater than the linguistic form must come from the Ger
man spirit to the new civilization : German solidity and depth,
German conscientiousness and spirituality, German joyousness
and German gravity.
To this end he set his best powers, and all the influences of
his pious up-bringing, all the gifts wherewith nature had en
dowed him, all the forces of his character and temperament

38 IN MEMORIAM
worked together to shape him to the ideal type. The privi
leged listener, when in his home he touched the organ with a
master-hand, could not but feel that all that was profound and
serious in the spirit of the German folk still echoed grandly in
his soul. He was ever wont to steep himself in German
poetry ; German historical works were his favorite reading ;
his last composition was dedicated to the memory of Herman
Grimm. And this German idealism, with which he was im
bued, he desired to see penetrate into all fields. What a
champion he became, when there was need to stand for purity
and honor in political strife, when there was need to exalt the
permanent above the profit of the hour !
What he was concerned with he grasped with the German
scientific thoroughness ; the company of scholars was to him a
necessity of life ; the scientific method he carried into every
field that he entered. At the time the Peace Congress at the
Hague began to occupy him, he gave himself up to the most
painstaking researches, and soon wrote the most profound work
on the whole movement. He often said that America's worst
internal foe was superficiality, and that America must first of
all learn what need there is really to master a problem before
seeking to solve it. Above all, however, did he believe in the
German's intensive view of live ; he brings over the ocean
nothing more precious. He esteemed the Anglo-Saxon vir
tues, but he realized that only the German moral idealism can
preserve the American national life "from the quicksand of
opportunism." It was in words of deep emotion that he ex
pressed this the last time of our meeting, a few weeks before
his death. He had come over to take part in the memorial
celebration in Boston and Concord of the centenary of Emer
son's birth. With all a youth's enthusiasm, he strode through
the streets of Concord, which he likened to Weimar, and
gave himself up to the magic spell of those hours in which

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS 39
Emerson's spirit lived again. Again and yet again, at that
time, he came back to the thought that the German idealism,
the idealism of Fichte, by which Emerson was inspired, is more
important for America than any other German inheritance.
Yet to his German seriousness and gravity he joined as do
few the German joy of living. His playful, often roguish,
humor, his enjoyment of merry company, his happiness in
home, his delight in poetry and music, his love of nature, his
pleasure in personal intercourse with men of historical impor
tance — all came together to make his life, rich in deeds as it was,
also full of joy ; and while his existence aimed through his work
at a future effectiveness, like the plea of the attorney, it was at
once and always, through his joy in life, complete in itself, like
the poet's utterance. And thus in fullest tide of life he was
struck by sudden, painless death.
But to fulfil the duties of the German in America meant to
him not only to plant German ideals in the soul of the people,
but also to join his fatherland and the land of his fathers ever
closer in the bonds of friendship. Herein, too, there is no
German born under the Stars and Stripes who has more deeply
conceived and more richly fulfilled his task. What he did for
the friendly relations of the two countries, through that which
he set in action, and perhaps yet more through that which he
prevented, will first come to light when it is no longer poli
tics, but history. It was due at least to him personally that in
the decisive hour of the Hague Conference Germany yielded
in her opposition to the American proposals. And never was
his political action determined by petty special interests : his
far-seeing eye gave back the world in historical perspective.
Because America was for him not the chance product of the
past, but the moral opportunity of the future, the German-
American friendship was for him not merely a wish of retro
spective filial regard, but above all an end and aim for the effort

40 IN MEMORIAM
of culture of the future. For this reason, too, he felt strongly
that the unwritten alliance between Germany and the New
World should not mflitate against England ; tirelessly he sought
to mediate between the Teutonic peoples.
Perhaps no American of private life has come into close per
sonal relations with so many of the leading statesmen of Europe ;
but whether he dealt with kings and councilors, or chatted in
a modest friendly circle, in the tribunal as by the hearthstone,
he was ever the same idealist, ever the same enthusiast, whose
soul was filled with the thought of the honor of his country and
the peace of the world. This at least he knew, that the peace
of the world is best secured when the Germanic peoples guard
it, and that the honor of the American nation will take on
brightest luster when the true German spirit comes to stronger
influence in the country ; for deep in his heart glowed the belief
that the German ideals are of all the purest. Let us have a
care that upon his sepulchre the German garland of oak-leaves
shall never fafl.
In presenting the bust of Mr. Holls to the Faculty of Political
Science, Dr. William C. Alpers spoke as follows :
In the name of the Memorial Committee, in the name also of
the citizens of German birth of the City of New York, I deliver
to you, as the representative of the Faculty of Political Science
of Columbia University, this bust of our late friend Frederick
William HoUs.
In doing so, we perform a double duty.
First, we hereby express our appreciation of the great ser
vices that this prosperous University has rendered and is daily
rendering to this city and to the whole country in its various
departments ; and while the Germanic Department, by its thor-

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS 41
ough cultivation of the German language and literature, is
naturally the most gratifying one to us, it is principally to your
faculty, the Faculty of Political Science, that we must turn at
the present moment. Through the proficiency and learning of
its teachers and the application and devotion of its students, this
faculty has attained the highest rank among other similar
schools, and the essays and treatises emanating from here are
eagerly sought and read by students of political science all over
the world. It was here that Frederick Holls received his first
instruction in international law ; it was here that he was imbued
with the ideals that he carried into practice in his short but
successful career; and here, therefore, is the proper place for
his memorial.
The second duty that we perform by this dedication is to
express our gratitude toward our deceased friend, who through
the example of his active life filled the heart of every German-
born citizen with justified pride. In him the best qualities of
German character were evinced, blended in beautiful harmony
with true glowing Americanism. So may this bust perpetuate
his memory in the halls of your faculty ; may the young stu
dent in future years look up to these features in admiration,
learn from them the high aims and ideals of his profession, and
emulate the shining example of one of the first and ablest
alumni of this school ; and may we others, and aU citizens of
this land, whenever we look upon this face remember that the
greatest eulogy of a republican — a eulogy within the grasp of
all, and yet attained only by a few — is not that he accumu
lated wealth, not that he was an accomplished society man, not
that he distinguished himself on the rostrum, not even that he
was great in learning or a patron of science and art, but that
he was, as our friend Frederick William Holls was, a good and
loyal citizen of his country.

42 IN MEMORIAM
Professor John Bassett Moore responded on behalf of the
Faculty of Political Science in the foflowing words :
The glory of the University is in the lives and achievements
of her sons. Of this fact we have today been strongly
reminded, as we have listened to the sober but eloquent narra
tion of the career of a distinguished alumnus of Columbia Uni
versity, who by his weU-directed activities rose to eminence
among his feUow-men. His high abilities were exerted with
conspicuous success in various fields of effort, but it was in
connection with international affairs, and especially with the
cause of the peaceful adjustment of international disputes, that
he won his most lasting fame. I have therefore had the honor
to be deputed, as incumbent of the chair of international law
and diplomacy in Columbia University, to receive at the hands
of his loyal friends, as I now do, in behalf of the Faculty of
Political Science, this artistic memorial, in which his features
are so well delineated. We accept it with grateful appre
ciation. A selection by the string quartet, Schumann's " Evening
Song," brought the exercises to a fitting close.
Rudolf Tombo, Jr.

RESOLUTIONS OF
SOCIETIES

Many of the various organizations with which Mr.
Holls was connected held special meetings on the
occasion of his death. We print the proceedings
of such meetings in the order of their occurrence

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FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS 55

The following resolution was moved by General Tremain at a
meeting of the Republican Club of the City of New York, held
on the 1 7th day of August, 1903, and was unanimously carried :
The members of The Republican Club of the City of New
York learn with sorrow of the death of our fellow-member
FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS
and we lament our loss. He was a pure-minded and patriotic
gentleman, rejoicing in his benevolent disposition and broad
public spirit; of scholarly attainments ; skilled in jurisprudence;
wise in counsel ; useful in the service of the state and nation ;
and esteemed abroad as well as at home for his talents and
international experience. In the midst of a life of activities
and public and private usefulness a brilliant career was sud
denly extinguished. He was a steadfast friend, a congenial
companion, a devoted husband, a sturdy republican, an honored
and trusted citizen, and a man beloved for his own sake by all
who knew him.
We respectfully tender our sympathy to his widow.
John Henry Hammond,
Recording Secretary

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FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS 65

Deutscher Verein
DER
Columbia Universitat
Beschluss angenommen in einer am 12. Oktober 1903
gehaltenen Versammlung des Deutschen Vereins
der Columbia Universitat
Da Gott der Herr unsern lieben Freund Friedrich Wilhelm
Holls, ein hochst angesehenes Ehrenmitglied des Deutschen
Vereins der Columbia Universitat, in seinen liebevollen Schutz
genommen, — ferner, da Herr Holls als Staatsmann und Diplo
mat stets als Vertreter jener Ideale gait, deren Verwirklichung
dem Amerikanischen Volke als hehrste Pflicht und schonstes
Verdienst angerechnet wird, — und da wir denselben Idealen
huldigen, well durch sie des Lebens Bahn bereichert und
geadelt wird, sowol fiir den Biirger im Privatleben als fiir den
der die taten- und ruhmvolle Laufbahn eines offentlichen
Beamten erwahlt, —
Sei es beschlossen, dass wir, die Mitglieder des Deutschen
Vereins der Columbia Universitat, der Familie des verehrten
Verstorbenen unser tiefstes Beileid und unsere" warm empfun-
dene Teilnahme an dem Verlust, der sie sowie auch uns getroffen
hat, ausdriicken.
Und ferner sei es beschlossen, dass eine Abschrift dieses
Beschlusses in das Vereinsbuch eingetragen und eine zweite
an die Familie des Herrn Holls gesandt werde.
Wm. H. Carpenter,
Prdsident
G. A. Younger,
Sekretdr [^Translation on following page"]

66 IN MEMORIAM
Resolutions adopted at a regular meeting of the Deutscher
Verein of Columbia University, held on October 12, 1903
Inasmuch as it hath pleased the Almighty God in His infinite
wisdom to call to Himself our beloved friend Frederick William
Holls, a highly respected honorary member of the Deutscher
Verein of Columbia University ; and
Whereas, In the exercise of his talents as a statesman and
a diplomat, Mr. Holls continually appeared as the champion of
those ideals, the striving toward which must ever be regarded
by the American people as a bounden duty, and the ultimate
realization of which will reflect the greatest honor upon our
country ; and
Whereas, We too have faith in these ideals which enrich and
ennoble human life for the private citizen as well as for one
who is actively engaged in the service of his country and his
people ; therefore be it
Resolved, That we, the members of the Deutscher Verein of
Columbia University, express our deep and heartfelt sympathy
with the bereaved relatives in the great loss which they and
we have sustained ; and be it further
Resolved, That these resolutions be spread upon the minutes
of the society, and that a copy be sent to the relatives of our
deceased member. Wm. H. Carpenter, President
G. A. Younger,
Secretary

III'

1- li

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS 71
At the organization meeting of the Board of Directors of the
Music Hall Company of New York, Limited, held December 3,
1903, being the opening meeting for the season of 1903-4,
the following minute was unanimously adopted by a rising
vote, as the first official act of the board.
Resolved, That in the death of Frederick William Holls, which
occurred at Yonkers on July 23, 1903, this board has lost
an able member and the Music Hall Company a firm friend.
Mr. Holls was one of the incorporators of the Music Hall
Company, one of the original members of this board; was
elected secretary of the company at its first meeting in May,
1889, and retained that office until the date of his death.
He manifested a deep interest in the affairs of the com
pany, the objects of which he promoted by wise counsel and
energetic effort. His efficient services, voluntarily given,
found a deep basis in a keen delight in music and a desire for
the encouragement of that art in this community.
This board recognized in Mr. Holls a man of lofty ideals,
with great tenacity of purpose and courage of conviction. He
discharged with marked ability the duties of a public-spirited
citizen, and his ever-widening sphere of action made him useful
alike to city, country, and humanity.
As a memorial to its esteemed associate this board directs
that this minute be entered upon its records, and a copy be sent
to his widow, to whom the members of this board tender their
sincerest sympathy.
New York, December 7, 1903
Attest: Wm. B. Tuthill,
Secretary pro tem.

72 IN MEMORIAM

[From the London Times]
Our Paris correspondent writes : — The death of the Ameri
can jurisconsult Mr. Frederick Holls, one of the most brilliant
delegates at The Hague Conference and one of the chief
founders of the International Court, at the very moment
when arbitration is receiving the final sanction of English,
French, and American statesmen, is, indeed, a melancholy
coincidence. I made Mr. Holls's acquaintance at The Hague,
and since then a warm friendship had existed between us. I
frequently had opportunities not only of hearing his views on
the future of arbitration, in which he had robust faith, but also
of observing his almost fanatic devotion to the idea of an alli
ance between the two great Anglo-Saxon races.
Mr. Holls's book on the Peace Conference, published some
three years ago, is the most complete work of the kind that
has appeared. Speaking of the International Court, he avowed
his conviction that the "Peace Conference accomplished a
great and glorious result, not only in the humanizing of warfare
and the codification of the laws of war, but, above all, in the
promulgation of the Magna Charta of international law, the
binding together of the civilized powers in a federation for
justice, and the establishment of a permanent international tri
bunal of arbitration." Mr. Holls contributed so largely and
with such fervent zeal to the creation of the International
Court that it may fairly be said that in no small measure it
owed its existence to him. An incident occurred during the
conference when the energetic intervention of Mr. Holls may
be considered to have saved The Hague meeting from ship-

FREDERICK WILLIAM HOLLS ']o^
wreck. Germany had never looked with favor on the Peace
Conference. Nobody present at The Hague can have forgot
ten the attitude which the chief German delegate. Prince (then
Count) Miinster took up at an early stage of the proceedings,
and maintained till the end. It was one of haughty contempt
for what was being done, and presumably reflected the views
of his sovereign. Germany raised objections to the proposed
permanent Court of Arbitration, affecting to regard it as an
innovation of a most radical character which could not be intro
duced without great risks and even great dangers. It was, I
believe, on this occasion that Mr. Holls went secretly to Ger
many, saw Prince Hohenlohe, and said to him : — "The special
train is ready. All the powers have taken their seats. If
Germany refuses to accompany them they will go without her."
Prince Hohenlohe made pressing representations to the Em
peror, with the result that Germany waived the difficulties she
had raised and the conference continued. Plain speaking,
such as that employed by Mr. Holls on this occasion, goes
further even with Germany than some distinguished English
statesmen seem to be aware of
Mr. Holls was the author of that paragraph on special
mediation which forms part of The Hague Convention. Only
last month I had a fresh proof of Mr. Holls's good feeling
towards England. He wrote to me that relations between
England and America continued to be of the very best, not
withstanding the cloud on the horizon in the far northwest of
Canada. He added: — "More than 200,000 Americans have gone
there to take up the new wheat lands, selling their own farms
in the United States, and buying the new lands in Saskat
chewan, Alberta, and Assiniboia at nominal prices, so that they
start with a surplus and a good opportunity. But they are all
attached to the United States: and, while they become Cana-

74 IN MEMORIAM
dian citizens in order to have a vote, those who are best quali
fied to judge and who have been up there among them assure
me that, sooner or later, there is likely to be a movement for
secession.  The dispute about the Alaska boundary bids fair
to take a secondary place in the discussion of the greater prob
lem. It seems to me that it is all the more incumbent upon
reasonable men in both countries to keep their heads clear, and
especially to prevent any European powers from meddling or
raising greater troubles than may arise in the natural course of
events. A fundamental fact is that no one in the United
States covets one square inch of Canadian territory against
the wishes of the inhabitants, and no one here would consider
a quarrel with Great Britain as anything less than the great
est calamity. My own feeling is that if at any time portions
of Canada might wish to unite with this country, that very fact
might easily be utilized as a basis for the formation of an
Anglo-Saxon alliance which would dominate the policy of the
world for peace and would forever avert all danger that might
threaten either country from its invidious enemies."
I would only add one word to the above evidence of Mr.
Holls's devotion and signal service to the cause of arbitration,
as well as of his friendship for England. It is that both sprang
from a wider knowledge of European affairs than is possessed
by most Americans, and from a great-heartedness that cannot
fail to be recognized by all those who had the privilege of
knowing him as intimately as I did. During one of his last
European tours Mr. Holls was received in private audience by
the Emperor Francis Joseph and the German Emperor, and
on a previous occasion he had been received by the Tsar.

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