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COLLECTION

Vol. II.

Enoch Long.
.FT, 84.

From a Photograph by John Esmay, Sabula, Iowa

Chicago Historical Society's Collection. — ^Vol. II.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH

OF

ENOCH LONG,

AN ILLINOIS PIONEER.

BY
HARVEY REID.

CHICAGO:
FERGUS PRINTING COMPANY.
1884.

CV-VHI

CONTENTS,

Preface, 17
CHAPTER I.
Enoch Long, an Example of Christian Manhood — the Sturdy Pio
neer and the Voluntee;- Soldier — Serves Honorably in the ^A^ar
of 1812 on the Niagara Frontier — Commands a Company in
Alton in 1837 to Defend the Rights of the Citizen, a Free Press
and Free Speech, ^sailed in the person of Elijah P. Lovejoy —
the Citizen, the Man, and the Christian — Connection with Sab
bath-Schools in New Hampshire and Illinois — Letter of Dr.
Benjamin F. Long, 21
CHAPTER II.
Ancestry of fhe Long Family — Settlement in New Hampshire —
Moses Long, the father of Enoch Long, a Soldier in the Revo
lution — Enlisted when Sixteen and a-Half Years Old — was at
the Surrender of Burgoyne— passed the Terrible Winter at Valley
Forge — Participated in the Battle of Monmouth, N.J. — Heard
Washington's Outburst of Wrath against Gen. Lee — Captures
a Musket from a Hessian — Marriage of Moses Long to Lucy
Harriman — Death of Moses Long — an Old Sermon^the Grand
father of Enoch Long, 26
CHAPTER III.
The Descendants of Moses and Lucy Harriman Long — the Distin
guished Sons, Engineers, Explorers, Soldiers, and Physicians —

4 CONTENTS.
Col. Stephen Harriman Long, Explorer of the Rocky Mountains
—"Long's Peak" named after him — belonged to the Engineer
Corps, U. S. Army— Major Geo. W. Long, also a Distinguished
Member of the Corps of Engineers of the U. S. Army— Dr.
Moses Long and Dr. Benjamin Franklin Long, 32
CHAPTER IV.
Early Life of Enoch Long— Learns the Cooper's Trade— Unites with
the Congregational Church at Hopkinton Village in 1812 — Teaches
School — Starts for the "Western Reserve", Ohio, on Foot and
Alone — the Country Traversed, and What he Saw on his Jour
ney — the War, of 1812 — Joins the Volunteer Forces in Ohio — in
1814 Returns to his old Home in Hopkinton — Sets up Business
as a Cooper in Concord, N. H., in 1815, 42
CHAPTER V.
Married February 20, 1816, to Miss Mary A. Hastings — the Children
of that Union — Sets out again for the W^est in i8ig to find a.
new Home — his Objective Point St. Louis — the Route he Traveled
— Descends the Ohio River in a Skiff — Journey on Foot from
Shawneetown to Alton, Illinois — Arrives at Alton, August 27th,
1819 — Continues his Journey to St. Louis — Returns to Alton to
make the Place his Home — his Long Sickness, 49
CHAPTER VI.
First Sunday- Schools in Illinois — Mr. Long Organizes the Second
Sunday-School in the State in May, 1820, at Upper Alton — Re
turns to New Hampshire for his Family in the Fall of 1820 —
Letter of Mr. M. Brown — Deacon Long goes to the Galena Lead-
Mines in 1828 — Returns to Alton and helps to start the First
Temperance Society in that Town — Vast Increase of Sunday-
School Scholars, 54
CHAPTER VII.
Mr. Long engages in Mercantile Business in Upper Alton in the
Spring of 1820 — the Fall of that Year starts East after his

• CONTENTS. 5
Family — Travels the Whole Distance to Hopkinton, N. H., on
Horseback — Time, Forty-four Days — is Accompanied Part of
the Way by Capt. H. H. Gear, who afterward Resided at Galena
— Route of Travel — Starts on his Return to Illinois with his
Family March 5, 1821 — Crosses the AUeghenies and Descends.
the Ohio River from Pittsburg to Shawneetown — Arrives at
Alton, May 5, 1821 — a Curious "Passport" from the Governor
of New Hampshire — Commissions from Gov. Bond and Gov.
Coles, 59
CHAPTER VIII.
Mr. Long returns to Alton — his Business Badly Mismanaged during
his Absence — Faces the Misfortune and Resumes his Trade of
Cooper — Removes to the Galena Lead-Mines in the Fall of 1825
— Makes the Journey on Foot from Alton to Galena — Itinerancy
of his Trip — Returns Home in November, 1826 — Teaches School
in the Winter of 1826-7 — Goes Back to the Lead-Mines in the
Spring of 1828 — "Strikes a Lead" — Returns Home again and
Pays Off his Debts — Engages in Business in the Fall of
1829, 65
CHAPTER IX.
Upper Alton — Godfrey and Oilman — the Beneficence of Benjamin
Godfrey — The Monticello Seminary — Business Reverses of Enoch
Long — his Fortune swept away — his liberality when in Prosper
ity — Trustees of the Monticello Female Seminary — Interesting
Letter from Rev. Mr. Hurlbut — a Just Tribute to the Character
of Deacon Long, 70
CHAPTER X.
Political History of the United States — Rev. E. P. Lovejoy, the
Martyr for Liberty and Free Speech — A Native of Maine — Re
moves to St. Louis — Edits the St. Louis Times, and afterward the
St. Louis Observer — his Courage and Ability — his Eloquent and
Courageous Letter to the St. Louis Mobocrats — Edits the Alton

O CONTENTS.
Observer— the Press Destroyed by a Pro-Slavery Mob— Call for
the formation of a State Anti-Slavery Society— A Pro-Slavery
Mob takes Possession of the Meeting and breaks it up — Deacon
Long and others organized to resist the Mob, 77
CHAPTER XL
The friendly relations between Deacon Long and Mr. Lovejoy — The
former active in the defence of the latter — A "prowler" seeks
after Mr. Lovejoy in the house of Deacon Long — A meeting of
the Friends of Free Speech — Addressed by Rev. Edward Beecher
— Turbulent Scenes— The Mob held at bay — Another Meeting —
Its Cowardly action and the Mob Spirit Dominant — Courageous
Protest of Winthrop S. Oilman — Indirect Incitations to Violence
— A new Press and Material sent to Alton — Names of the brave
Men who volunteered to defend the Press — Enoch Long selected
to act as Captain of the Little Band — The Mob gathers on the
night of November 7th, 1837, to destroy the Press, the possession
of which is demanded of Mr. Oilman — It is resolutely refused —
The Mob fires on the building — A return shot makes a Mobite
bite the dust — The Mob, filled with \Vhisky, return to the as
sault, go
CHAPTER XII.
Modest Disclaimer of Deacon Long entitled to full credit of being
Captain of the Company — Recollections of Henry Tanner, Win
throp S. Oilman, and Dr. Samuel Willard — Deacon Long a man
of deeds more than words — Dr. Willard would have given the
Mob " a little more grape," 102
CHAPTER XIII.
Deacon Long a Railroad Contractor — W^ithout active Business in
1840 — in 1841 tries his Fortunes again in the Galena Lead-Mines
— In 1843 removes his family from Alton to Galena— Engages in
the Lumber business — A hard Struggle — Church matters in
Galena— The Work of Deacon Long in the Churches there —
Removes to Sabula, Iowa, in 1863, 106

CONTENTS. 7
CHAPTER XIV.
Life at Sabula — Takes up Church and Sabbath-school work — His
Teachings and Example — The building of a new Church — Dr.
Magoun, Deacon Long's old pastor at Galena, preaches the dedi
catory sermon — His attendance at the Dedication among the last
acts of his life — Death of Mrs. Long, the beloved wife— Happy
married life — The foster children — Touching devotion of a grand
daughter — The birthday gathering — His failing health, but vigor
of mind — It gives way at last — He breathes his last, July ig,
1881, III
CHAPTER XV.
Funeral of Deacon Long — Buried in Evergreen Cemetery — Universal
Sorrow — Tributes paid his memory — Letters of Rev. Dr. Magoun
and Ex-Minister E. B. Washburne, 120

PREFACE.

In July, 1878, was formed at Sabula, Iowa, a "Society
of Union Veterans", from the former soldiers and sailors
of the Union army and navy who had served during the
War of the Rebellion. Its scope was soon enlarged to
include those who had served their country in previous
wars, and thus Enoch Long became a member of that
society. By a clause in its constitution, it is provided that "the
duties of the Orderly Sergeant shall be essentially that of
Secretary. He shall be the Historian of the Society, and
shall carefully arrange and preserve all records, writings,
and other data pertaining to the wars of the United States
that may be given him by members of the Society and
others for that purpose." Later action of the Society pro
vided that each member be furnished with a pamphlet-
bound book, containing printed questions, followed by
blank spaces, the answers to the questions forming a skele
ton sketch of the life and military history of each member.
Such a sketch was procured of the life of Comrade Long,
though, unfortunately, not in his own hand, nor as full as

I 8 PREFACE.
he might have made it. And thus we had a nucleus which,
by the request of friends, and through an ardent desire on
the part of the writer, that as full as possible a record
might be preserved in permanent form of so valuable a
life as Enoch Long had given the world, has grown into
this volume.
The writer submits this sketch to the public with great
diffidence. It has been written at odd moments, snatched
from the arduous labors of an exacting business, and by
one who has never before essayed the task of authorship.
The information necessary for the preparation of the
work has been mainly supplied by M. H. Long, Esq., only
surviving son of the subject of our sketch. Among those
to whom acknowledgments are due for material supplied
through him to us, are Dr. Benj. F. Long of North Alton,
III, and Mrs. Caroline (Long) Bartlett of Lawrence, Mass.,
surviving brother and sister, and Sarah L. Colby, St. Louis,
Mo., Mrs. Lucy L. Breckinridge, Alton, III, and Rebecca
B. Long, Rochester, N.Y., nieces of Enoch Long.
We wish also to acknowledge obligations to Henry
Tanner, Esq., of Buffalo, N.Y., for courteously permitting
the liberal drafts we have made for facts regarding: the
Alton riots from his book, "The Martyrdom of Lovejoy";
and to Winthrop S. Oilman, Esq., of New-York City, for
information there annexed.
The manuscript of this volume was submitted to the
Chicago Historical Society for examination, and it there
attracted the attention of Mr. LEVI Z. Leitek, a prominent

PREFACE. 19
member of the Society, whose interest in the history of the
State of Illinois and of its pioneers is only equalled by his
liberality. After reading the sketch, Mr. Leiter requested
that it might be published by the Society at his individual
expense. It is' thus that the volume is printed and given
to the public under the auspices of the Chicago Historical
Society. The "Society of Union Veterans" of Sabula,
Iowa, and all those who were the friends of the subject of
this sketch are profoundly grateful to the Society for the
interest it has manifested in the matter and particularly to
Mr. Leiter, whose generosity and public spirit has insured
its publication.
Harvey Reid,
Orderly Sergeant of the Society of Union Veterans.
Sabula, Iowa, June, 1883.

SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.

CHAPTER I.

Enoch Long, an Example of Christian Manhood — the Sturdy Pio
neer and the Volunteer Soldier — Serves Honorably in the War
of 1812 on the Niagara Frontier — Commands a Company in
Alton in 1837 to Defend the Rights of the Citizen, a Free Press
and Free Speech, assailed in the person of Elijah P. Lovejoy —
the Citizen, the Man, and the Christian — Connection with Sab
bath-Schools in New Hampshire and Illinois — Letter of Dr.
Benjamin F. Long.
The long life of Enoch Long was so full of examples
of the sublimest qualities of a noble Christian manhood
that the perpetuation of a record of its prominent feat
ures, for the encouragement and emulation of the young
and of all who are left to carry on the battle of life,
becomes a sacred duty almost imperative in its force.
As a pioneer, sturdy, indomitable, persevering, and brave,
he was a striking exemplification of the heroes who
conquered the wilderness and have made American
manhood the strong force that it is. When danger
threatened his country, although himself a man of peace,
at the imperative command of duty he could not forget
that he was the son of a soldier of the Revolution, and
the brother of a soldier, he promptly abandoned cher
ished plans of usefulness sind profit and sprang to the
defence of the State in which he was only temporarily

22 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG. '
remaining, to defend the homes of those to whom he was
personally almost wholly a stranger.
Serving honorably in the war of i8i2, on the Niagara
frontier, he afterward became an officer of militia in his
adopted State, and he became a prominent and honored
actor in one of the darkest events which ever stained the
history of Illinois. It was his company at Alton in 1837
that was called upon to defend the most sacred rights of
the citizen, — a free press and free speech, — assailed in the
person of Elijah P. Lovejoy, shot down when defending
his printing-press from the attack of a lawless pro-slavery
mob, and a further reference to which will be found in
these pages.*
Though the services of Mr. Long as a soldier were
honorable, it was in the other relations of life he was
most distinguished. It was as a citizen, a man, and a
Christian that he shone most conspicuously. As a Chris-
* Deacon Long had been all his life an anti-slavery man, but at the time of
the mob he was not known distinctly as an "abolitionist". His 'grief and
indignation at the murder of Lovejoy were made more intense by the fact that
it was arrived at by an assault on the freedom of speech and the press. It
was no longer simply a question of abolition, but it was whether a man
could speak or write his opinions on the subject without being shot down
like a dog. The accounts of the Alton mob which first went East, by the
then slow methods of the mails, had a decided- anti-abolition tinge, and it
was not strange that many good people were led to believe that there was
"blame on both sides". Such seems to have been the case with some of
Deacon Long's relatives in New Hampshire, as is gathered from a letter that
the Deacon wrote to his sister. Miss Caroline Long, dated " Upper Alton,
April 2, 1838." Speaking of a letter he had received from another sister
sometime before, he says:

EARLY MEMBER OF SABBATH- SCHOOLS. 2$
tian, he carried his faith into every department and walk
of life. He was a member of the first Sabbath-school
organized in the State of New Hampshire, which was
also the first or second one established in the United
States. He organized at Upper Alton, Illinois, in May,
1820, the second Sabbath-school established in this State,
and was for some time its only teacher.* Throughout his
long life he was always thereafter a teacher in Sabbath-
schools until about two years before he died, when the
increasing infirmities of his nearly ninety years confined
him to his house.
Mr. Long's religious character, as well as his sturdy
constitution and longevity, was partly inherited from a
long line of Christian, puritan ancestors. His only sur
viving brother, Dr. Benj. F. Long (himself y6 years of age),
writes to N. H. Long as follows:
" Sarah observes, in relation to the Alton mod at the time of Mr. Lovejoy's
death, that as we had not written she 'hoped that her brothers had nothing
to do with it, pro or con.' If the question had been confined simply to that
of abolition, her hopes would have been realized ; but it had assumed a
different form. The vital principal of our Constitution had been assailed by
the mob (the freedom of the press and speech). I would ask what son of a
Revolutionary father could stand tamely by and see the destruction of that
beautiful fabric which he struggled so hard to rear, without blushing with
shame. I hope our father has not such a son. I was there to defend the
freedom of the press, and I presume all my brothers would have been with
me had they had timely notice. Be assured that, should a similar assault
again take place, I should feel myself bound to again step forward to the
rescue. " These are brave and noble words.
* See Chapter VL

24 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
"NORTH Alton, Aug. 28th, 1881.
* * * -)t -X-
"The death of your father was not a surprise, for his
debility had foreshadowed it a long time, and the age of
his progenitors indicated that the time of his departure
had come. His great-grandfather died at 92; his grand
father at 93; his father at 88; his oldest brother at Zy;
all full of years and good works, and all bearing office in
the church of Christ, except his father, who was also a
disciple of Christ, and faithful in his cause. The exam
ples of these, our fathers, are worth volumes to us, and,
next to the word of inspiration, of more value than all of
the volumes upon morals and correct living that can be
heaped together. They afford to us living epistles of
life's duties, point out the way of the Christian warrior
with his armor on, and the manner of battling with the
enemies of our Saviour. Never laying down the weapons
of their warfare till Christ shall say: 'Well done, faithful
soldiers! rest from your warfare and come up hither.'
"Your father's character, as a Christian, in the perform
ance of the duties of a Christian, and in connection with
the sacrifices necessary for the advancement of the Church,
is well worthy of imitation by all who knew him. He
has gone to his rest, and his works follow him and are
made manifest. 'He is not dead, but sleepeth.'
"One and another of our dear ones have been taken
away until now of the members of the family, of which
your father was one, only two out of thirteen remain.
One of them now near 78, and the other over 76 years,
both bearing the Christian name and holding fellowship

CHRISTIAN MOTHERS. 2$
in the church. We have also a line of Christian mothers,
whose deeds have made them of renown in the church by
their godly lives.
"And here I say again, the holy living of these pro
genitors is worth more to us than all the essays upon
morals that the world can give us; for in these we have
their practical knowledge and their joyful end. Let us
imitate their virtues, and labor for Christ as they also
labored." * * * *

CHAPTER II.
Ancestry of the Long Family — Settlement in New Hampshire —
Moses Long, the father of Enoch Long, a Soldier in the Revo
lution — Enlisted when Sixteen and a-Half Years Old — was at
the Surrender of Burgoyne — passed the Terrible Winter at Valley
Forge — Participated in the Battle of Monmouth, N.J. — Heard
^Vashington's Outburst of Wrath against Gen. Lee — Captures
a Musket from a Hessian — Marriage of Moses Long to Lucy
Harriman — Death of Moses Long — an Old Sermon — the Grand
father of Enoch Long.
Traditions in the Long family go back to Rev. John
• Long, an Englishman, who was a Dissenter clergyman,
probably a Presbyterian, and lived in the latter part of
the 17th century. Having, been prohibited from preach
ing, and otherwise persecuted, in common with other Dis
senters of the period, he emigrated to Scotland, during
the reign of James II., it is supposed, and settled at or
near Edinburgh. Notes in the hands of Col. Stephen H.
Long, on the genealogy of the Long family, in speaking
of this ancestor says: "Fragments of his sermons, written
with much abbreviation, are now (1833) in the possession
of Isaac Long, Jr., of Hopkinton, N. H. From these it
appears that his tenets were such as are considered ortho
dox by modern Presbyterians or Congregationalists."
Col. Long's notes continue: "Three of the sons of John
Long emigrated to America early in the i8th century

genealogy of the LONG FAMILY. 27
and settled in Newbury Old Town, near Newburyport,
Mass. [Other authority calls it West Newbury.]
Abiel Long, one of the sons of John Long, continued
his residence in Newbury, the other two sons having
removed to other parts of the then colonies. The line
of descent from Abiel to Enoch Long, the progenitor of
the family of Longs of Hopkinton, N. H., is through
Shubal and Robert Long, who successively retained their
residence at Newbury Old Town, the birthplace of Enoch,
who was son of the latter and grandson of the former.
Enoch was born in 1727, and had six sons, viz.: Enoch,
born in 1758; Moses, born in 1760; Isaac, in 1764; David,
in 1772; Samuel, in 1774; and Robert, in 1781."
Moses Long, father of the subject of our sketch, second
son of the Enoch Long who removed from Newbury,
Mass., to New Hampshire, was born in Hopkinton, Merri
mack County (as it was then spelled). New Hampshire,
Oct. i6th, 1760. Hopkinton township adjoins the town
ship of Concord on the west, and the village of that name,
"pleasantly situated on a gentle eminence," is seven miles
west from the State House, in the City of Concord.
From "New Hampshire as It Is," by Edwin A. Charl
ton, published in 1857, we condense the following histori
cal sketch:
Hopkinton was granted by Massachusetts, January i6th,
1735, to John Jones and others, and was called Number
Five, afterward New Hopkinton. The first settlement
was in 1740. When the French and Indian war broke
out the inhabitants were compelled to leave, and did not

28 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
return until the war had closed. The inhabitants suffered
considerably from Indian depredations. In 1756, Henry
Miller and others received a grant of Hopkinton, which
was the occasion of long and bitter disputes. The diffi
culties were, however, settled by an act of incorporation
granted January nth, 1765. The Congregational society
[of which the Longs became members] was organized
November 23, 1757. The well-known Kearsarge Moun
tain is in an adjoining township, about 10 miles north of
Hopkinton. Moses Long enlisted as a soldier in the Revolutionary
army, in a Massachusetts regiment, in the spring of 1777,
being only about sixteen and a-half years of age, and
served for three years, leaving the service in 1780. His
regiment was first sent to New-York State, and was sta
tioned for a time at Fort Stanwix. He was at the surren
der of Burgoyne in the October following, and passed the
terrible winter at Valley Forge, suffering from cold and
hunger. In June, 1778, he participated in the battle at
Monmouth, N. J. His regiment, known as the "Cape Ann
Regiment", was in the division of Gen. Charles Lee, who
so seriously incurred the displeasure of Washington by
ordering a retreat of his command upon the first outset
of the enemy, contrary to his orders to attack and hold
his ground until Washington could come up with the rest
of his forces. Young Long was a witness of the outburst
of wrath and indignation with which the Father of his
Country met Lee, and which is said to be the onl)' known
instance in which that great man used profane language.

REVOLUTIONARY SERVICE OF MOSES LONG. 29
Mr. Long frequently related the incident to his sons, and
said that Lee fairly cowered beneath the storm of Wash
ington's wrath.
The night after the battle, Mr. Long was one of the
sixteen young men chosen from his regiment as Washing
ton's body-guard, and they stripped trees of leaves and
branches to make couches upon which they slept during
that anxious night. In this battle, Mr. Long captured a
musket from a Hessian, but the piece was too heavy for
the boy, not yet 18 years of age, so he exchanged it for a
"Queen's arm", which is now in the possession of Dr. S.
L. Breckinridge of Alton, 111., a great grandson of the
captor (grandson of Col. S. H. Long).
Three years after the young soldier's return home he
was united in marriage with Miss Lucy Harriman, daugh
ter of Capt. Stephen Harriman, then residing at Hopkin
ton, but formerly of Haverhill, Mass., where his daughter
was born, August 31st, 1764. His family consisted of one
son and seven daughters, of whom Lucy was the sixth
daughter. From such a father and such a mother, with such an
ancestry, sprang a typical New England family — strong in
body and strong in intellect — reared in the "nurture and
admonition of the Lord." There were in all thirteen chil
dren, of whom we shall speak more at length in the suc
ceeding chapter, and all but four of them lived long lives
of usefulness (some of them attained high worldly honors),
and most of them were remarkable for longevity.
Moses Long died at Hopkinton, on the 3d of March,

30 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
1848, aged 87 years, 4^ months. His wife died June
loth, 1837.
The aged sister of Enoch Long (Mrs. Caroline L. Bart
lett of Lawrence, Mass.), in acknowledging the receipt of
a photograph of her bnother, taken late in life, says: "The
upper portion of the face and head are like my honored
father's — the head is not quite as bald as my father's."
Since the foregoing was written, we have been permitted,
through favor of Mrs. Lucy L. Breckinridge of Alton, to
read a letter written Dec. 7th, 185 1, by Dr. Moses Long
of Rochester, N.Y., to his brother. Col. Stephen H., which
gives a somewhat different statement of the early gene
alogy of their family than. that recorded in the former part
of this chapter, as well as some additional particulars. We
will transcribe the portion of it relating to their ancestry:
"It is with regret I am unable to give you, off-hand, the
information you desire. I was called upon by Mr. Farmer,
an amateur genealogist of Concord, N. H., for information
for like purposes. I have no notes at hand to guide me,
but will briefly state the impressions resting on my recol
lections without pretension to strict accuracy as to dates.
In the early settlement of the Plymouth Colony is to be
found the name of Robert Long upon their records; and
after some time it was omitted there,, and found subse
quently to be enrolled on the records of the Massachusetts-
Bay Colony. He is said to have been a minister of the
gospel, who was obliged to leave England in the time of
Robinson's persecution for opinion's sake. He was claimed
by my Grandfather Long to be his great-grandfather. A

ENOCH LONG'S GRANDFATHER. 31
sermon of his is said to be in a good state of preservation,
now in the possession of Isaac Long of Hopkinton. It is
not written out at length, but in a species of shorthand.
Mr. Farmer's article in his genealogical work may have
given the lineage from him down to 1726, which was about
the time our grandfather Long [Enoch] was born at New
bury, Mass., where he lived about 54 years. At the age
of about 30 years he married Abigail Bailey, of his native
town, who was ten or twelve years younger than himself
" Our grandfather, Stephen Harriman, was born in
Haverhill, Mass., about 1727, and brought up in that
place. He married early in life to Sally Masteraft of
Connecticut. I think they first fixed their residence in
Pomfret, Conn., and afterward moved to Haverhill; kept
tavern there for a time, when they moved over the State
line and opened a tavern in Plaiston, N. H. About 1756,
he purchased a tract of land in Hopkinton, N. H., where
they cleared up the forest land, kept tavern for a number
of years, and made that their permanent place of resi
dence until their decease.
"Grandfather, Enoch Long, also moved to Hopkinton,
N. H., in 1779 or 1780, I think, with his family, where they
remained till their deaths."

CHAPTER III.
The Descendants of Moses and Lucy Harriman Long — the Distin
guished Sons, Engineers, Explorers, Soldiers, and Physicians —
Col. Stephen Harriman Long, Explorer of the Rocky Mountains
— "Long's Peak" named after him — belonged to the Engineer
Corps, U. S. Army — Major Geo. W. Long, also a Distinguished
Member of the Corps of Engineers of the U. S. Army — Dr.
Moses Long and Dr. Benjamin Franklin Long.
To Moses and Lucy (Harriman) Long were born eight
sons and five daughters. We will here record so much of
their individual histories as can be ascertained in the little
time the compiler has for investigation:
I. Sarah Long, born Feb. 25th, 1784, and died in twen
ty-two hours after her birth.
2. Stephen Harriman Long was born in Hopkinton,
Dec. 30th, 1784, and died in Alton, 111., Sept. 4, 1864.
We quote from "Appleton's American Cyclopedia": "He
graduated at Dartmouth College (Hanover, N. H.) in 1809;
in 18 14, entered the corps of engineers of the LInited States
army; and in 1815, became assistant professor of mathe
matics at West Point. In April, 1816, he was tranferred
to the topographical engineers. From 18 18 to 1823, he
had charge of explorations between the Mississippi and
the Rocky Mountains, and of the sources of the Missis
sippi in 1823-4; and in 1826, was made brevet-lieutenant

COL. STEPHEN H. LONG. 33
colonel of topographical engineers. He was engaged in
surveying the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad from 1827 to
1830; and from 1837 to 1840, was engineer-in-chief of the
Western and Atlantic Railroad in Georgia, in which capac
ity he introduced a system of curves in the location of
roads, and a new species of truss bridges, which has been
generally adopted in the United States. He was made
major in 1838, colonel, March 3, 1863, and retired June i,
1863. An account of his first expedition to the Rocky
Mountains (of which one of the highest summits was
named for him. Long's Peak), in 1819-20, from the notes
of Major Long and others, by Edwin James, was published
in 1823; in 1824, appeared 'Long's Expedition to the
Source of St. Peters River', 'Lake of the Woods', etc., by
W. H. Keating (2 vols., Phila.). His 'Railroad Manual'
(1829) was the first original treatise of the kind in this
country." He married Martha Hodgkiss of Philadelphia, on the
3d of March, 1819. Their children were: William Dewees,
born at Philadelphia, October iith, 1820, and still living.
Henry Clay, "born at the west end of Turner's Lane,"
near Philadelphia, February 18th, 1822; became a civil
engineer, and died while in employ of the L^. S. Govern
ment on board the United States steamer Montana, at
LaCrosse, Wis., April loth, 1871. Richard Harlan, born
at Philadelphia, Oct. 3d, 1824; graduated at West Point
Military Academy; was commissioned lieutenant in the
5th Infantry, and died in the service at Fort Gibson, Ark.,
Jan. 30th, 1849. Edwin James, born at Baltimore, June
nth, 1829, and died there April 30th, 1830. Lucy, born
3

34 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
at Philadelphia, Oct. 13th, 1832; married  Breckin
ridge, at Alton, III, where she still lives. Mrs. Martha
(Hodgkiss) Long was born at Philadelphia, March 23d,
1800. She died at Alton, III., nine years after the death
of husband — Sept. nth, 1873.
3. Moses Long, born Oct. 26, 1786, at Hopkinton, died
at Rochester, N. Y., March 8th, 1858. He adopted the
medical profession, having graduated in the medical depart
ment of Dartmouth College, Hanover, N. H., under the
instruction of Dr. Nathan Smith, the father of American
surgery, and commenced practice in Concord, east village,
in 1813. He removed from Concord in 1824; practised
three or four years in Hopkinton and Goffstown; went to
Warner, N. H., and from thence, about 1835, to Rochester,
N.Y., where he practised his profession to a limited extent,
but was principally and extensively engaged in the con
struction of a superior kind of bridges, the invention of
his brother. Col. Stephen H. Long.
Dr. Long imbibed largely of the military instincts of his
family, and although not in active service in the war of
1812, he joined in September, 1814, a company formed in
Concord for the purpose of home defence in case of neces
sity from invasion, and of which he was appointed ist
sergeant, orderly, and clerk. The company was composed
of that class of citizens who were by law exempt from
military duty, and comprised somiC of the most respecta
ble citizens of the town. There were over a hundred pri
vates enrolled in the company, many of whom had held
offices, both civil and military, as the secretary-of-state and
treasurer, seven justices-of-the-peace, one colonel, one lieu-

DR. MOSES LONG. 35
tenant-colonel, one major, and nineteen captains. These
particulars are learned from reminiscences published by
Dr. Long and quoted in Rev. N. Bouton's "History of
Concord" From the same work we learn that "a squad
or small company of volunteers was also formed in East
Concord, in consequence of a rumor that the British
intended to destroy the United States 74-gun ship JVas/i-
ington, then on the stocks at Kittery, Maine. This com
pany was also under drill by Dr. Moses Long, and con
sisted of about twenty men."
In 1 8 16, Dr. Long became captain of a company of light
infantry in Concord, which attained a fine reputation for
drill and general excellence. Rev. Mr. Bouton's "History
of Concord" says: "On the 18th of July, 18 17, President
James Monroe, on his tour through New England, visited
Concord. He was met on the borders of the town by a
committee of the citizens. * * * Arrived near
Barker's tavern, he was received by Capt. Long's excellent
company of light infantry, and saluted by that and a com
pany of citizens, consisting of several hundreds,'' * *
Dr. Long was married at South Reading, Mass., Oct. 18,
1818, to Miss Rebecca Bordman, who was born at South
Reading in March, 1786. She died at Concord, Jan. 14,
1823, from the effects of poison of white lead accidentally
mixed in the sugar used by the family. He was married
a second time, in May, 1826, to Mrs. Sarah Gardner Mar
shall, who was born at Nantucket, Mass., in 1792, and died
at Rochester, N. Y., July 12, i860. His children, who sur
vived infancy, were:
I. Rebecca Bordman Long, born at Concord, N. H.,

i^6 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.

Aug. 23d, 1819, living in 1881 at Rochester, New York.*
2. Martha Hotchkiss Long, born at Concord, Nov.
20th, 1820, married Rev. K. P. Jervis of the M.-E. Church,
Jan. 25th, 1853; still living in 1881.
3. Sarah Gardner Long, born at Warner, N. H., Feb.
12, 1830; married Charles F. Smith, at Rochester, N.Y.,
Oct. 31, 1850, residing in 1881 at Rochester.
4. Sarah, born at Hopkinton, Sept. 22, 1788; married
Dr. Henry Lyman in 1808 or 1809, who was a physician of
high standing as a practitioner and a skilful surgeon. He
was in the service of the United States as a surgeon in
the war of 18 12. He died at Warner, N. H., in 1829, aged
about 44 years. Mrs. Lyman died at Lawrence, Mass.,
Sept., 1859, another instance of the longevity of this
remarkable family. Her children were Joseph Warren,
Sarah, Lucy L., Moses L., and Stephen Henry, none of
whom are living.
5. Enoch (the subject of our sketch), born at Hopkin
ton on his father's thirtieth birthday, Oct. 16, 1790; died
at Sabula, Iowa, July 19, 1881, aged 90 years, 9 months,
and 3 days.
6. Isaac, who died when 3 years old; was choked to
death by a bean which he drew into his windpipe.
7. Abigail Bailey, born at Hopkinton, May nth, 1794;
married James Colby, Feb. iSth, 1826. The officiating
clergyman was Rev. Mr. Hatch, one of whose daughters is
the wife of Hon. William Windom, late secretary of the
treasury. "They lived in Warner, N. H., about ten years,
* She was for several years teacher of mathematics and natural philosophy
in Monticello Female Seminary, near Alton, 111.

DESCENDANTS OF THE LONGS. 37
then removed to Hopkinton, on the old Long homestead,
where they lived until the autumn of 1850, when Mr. Colby
went West with his family, settling near Alton, 111. James
Colby died January 19th, 1852, aged 54 years; his wife
died Feb. 19th, 1859." Their family consisted of six chil
dren, of whom the eldest died in infancy; Mrs. Lucy L.
(Colby) Stout, lives in Princeton, N. J.; George H. Colby,
near Alton, III; Sarah L. Colby, teacher in the Missouri
School for the Blind, St. Louis; Mrs. Caroline M. (Colby)
Thomas, died at Alton, Dec, 1864; Carlos W. Colby, lives
at North Alton, III, was a soldier during the war of the
Rebellion. 8. Lucy, born at Hopkinton, March 24, 1796, and died
there, January 24, 1821, seventeen days after her brother
Enoch's return to his old home from Alton, Illinois, for his
family, as will be related in a subsequent chapter.
9. The four boys that had already blessed this Puritan
household had received the good old Bible names of near
and dear ancestors, but, in the year 1799, the blood of
Revolutionary soldiers boiled hot with indignation at the
aggressions of France, and war was declared.
The hero of Moses Long's youth had been called from
the retirement to which he had so nobly repaired upon
voluntarily relinquishing the high office which the Ameri
can people seemed to insist upon his retaining, and, because
duty called, had consented to resume command of the
armies, and defend his country in the perils that menaced
her. Men's hearts grew warmer in love and admiration for
the Father of his Country in those days, and what wonder
then that when, on the 21st November, 1799, another boy

38 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
came the memories of Monmouth and Valley Forge grew
stronger and tenderer, and he received the name of George
Washington. The boy was worthy of the name. He died at North
Alton, III, July 8, 1880, in the 8ist year of his age, and
for the rest let us quote from the obituary notice published
in the Alton Telegraph: —
Long. — On the 8th July, 1880, of general debility, at
his residence, Grafton Road, Maj. GEO. W. LONG, in the
8 1st year of his age.

DEATH OF MAJ. GEO. W. LONG.

It is with great regret that we record the death of the
venerable Maj. Geo. W. Long, which took place at 10
o'clock last night, at his residence on the Grafton Road,
in the 8ist year of his age. This distinguished officer
and engineer was born at Hopkinton, N. H., in November,
1799. He was the son of a soldier in the army of the
Revolution, a member of the body-guard of Gen. Wash
ington. When a young man, Maj. Long was appointed
to the U. S. Military Academy at West Point, from which
institution he graduated in 1824, and was appointed
Brevet Second Lieut, of the First Artillery in July of the
same year, and soon after. Second Lieutenant in the
Fourth Artillery. During 1825-6, he was instructor in
mathematics in the school for practice at Fortress Mon
roe, and was acting -assistant Professor of Natural and
Experimental Philosophy at West Point, from Aug. 31,
1828, to P"eb. I, 1829. He was commissioned First Lieu-

MAJ. GEO. W. LONG. 39
tenant, Feb. 2, 1832. He resigned his commission in the
army, Dec. 31, 1835, and accepted the position of chief-
engineer of the State of Louisiana, which place he occu
pied until 1838. He superintended the building of the
Marine Hospitals at Paducah, Ky., Helena, Ark., and
Natchez, Miss., during the years 1850-1. He had charge
of the improvements of the Illinois River during the years
1853-4, and '55, and was associated with Gen. Robt. E.
Lee, and other officers in the survey of St. Louis harbor in
1842. Many other important engineering services were
rendered by him during the years he was engaged in the
active practice of his profession. He had resided for
many years previous to his death at the family homestead
on the Grafton Road, four miles from Alton. Maj. Long
was a gentleman of profound scholarly attainments, and
liad made many valuable contributions to the science of
engineering. Especially noteworthy are his papers on the
improvement of the navigation of the Mississippi, a sub
ject which possessed a strong interest for him to the day
of his death. His knowledge of the hydrography of this
stream was probably more thorough, complete, and prac
tical than that of any of his contemporary engineers. A
favorite project of his was the turning of the channel of
the Missouri into the Mississippi by means of a canal at
or near Portage, in order to prevent the destructive ero
sion of the American Bottom, which has been in progress
for years. Had his plan been carried out a score of years
ago, Madison County would today have thousands of acres
of valuable land, which are now in the Gulf of Mexico.
To illustrate: a leading physician remarked in our hear-

40 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
ing last evening: "The road on the Bottom, over which I
used to drive to Madison twenty-one years ago, is now a
mile and a half on the other side of the river.'' This tells
the whole story, and shows what would have been saved
to this county had Maj. Long's plans been adopted. We
believe the time is at hand when his view of the proper
way of regulating the mad Missouri's entrance into the
Mississippi will be carried out.
Maj. Long's career was an eminent one, and his services
as an engineer will hand down his name to posterity, as
the projector of many important public works on the Great
River of the West. His profession was his pride, and to
the development of engineering sciences he gave the best
years and the best work of his life. He was a member of
a distinguished family: An older brother was the late Col.
Stephen H. Long, chief of engineers, U. S. army. An
other brother is the venerable Enoch Long of Sabula,
Iowa, formerly of Alton, and a prominent anti-slavery
man in Lovejoy's time. A third brother is Dr. B. F. Long,
whose homestead on the Grafton Road adjoins that of the
deceased. Maj. Long's wife died in February, 1879. For
the past five months the major has been in feeble health,
the general debility of old age, and last night his eventful
life was brought to a close. He leaves three sons, Thomas
M. and J. Willis of Grafton Road, and Stephen H. of
Chicago, 10. Samuel born Aug. 29th, 1801 ; died Oct. 26th, 1802.
n. Caroline, born at Hopkinton, Nov. 4, 1803, mar
ried Bailey Bartlett, Esq., and is now (1S82) living at Law
rence, Mass.

DR. BENJAMIN F. LONG. 4I
12. Benjamin Franklin, born at Hopkinton, Aug. i,
1805, now (1882) living at North Alton, III, is a physician.
His studies in medicine were pursued in the office of his
brother-in-law. Dr. Henry Lyman, and in the Medical
Institutions at Pittsfield, Mass., and Hanover, N. H. (Dart
mouth College). From the latter he obtained his diploma
as M.D. about 1829 or 1830. After practising about a
year in Warner, N. H., he resolved to follow his brother in
seeking a western home, and, on the ist October, 183 1,
started for St. Martin's Parish, La., where his brother, Maj.
Geo. W. Long, was stationed in charge of fortifications in
course of construction. Upon his arrival at Upper Alton,
where his brothers Col. S. H. and Enoch were living, he
was persuaded to locate there, instead of pursuing his
journey further south.
13. Edward Preble, born at Hopkinton, on Christ
mas-day, 1807, died, at Alton, III, Nov. 3d, 1847, married
Marcia, second daughter of Dr. Wells of Hopkinton. Their
children were four boys, of whom only two are living in
1881.

CHAPTER IV.
Early Life of Enoch Long — Learns the Cooper's Trade — Unites with
the Congregational Church at Hopkinton Village in 1812— Teaches
School — Starts for the "Western Reserve", Ohio, on Foot and
Alone — the Country Traversed, and What he Saw on his Jour
ney — the War of 1812 — Joins the Volunteer Forces in Ohio — in
1814 Returns to his old Home in Hopkinton — Sets up Business
as a Cooper in Concord, N. H., in 1815.
The details to be here given of the early life and pio
neer experiences of Enoch Long, are substantially as
related by himself and recorded by his son, M. H. Long,
in the last years of his life.
He was born, as previously mentioned, on the i6th
October, 1790, in the west part of the town of Hopkinton,
New Hampshire, on a farm three miles from the village
of Hopkinton. His father was a cooper; he taught that
trade to all of his six sons, who attained manhood, and
young Enoch learned it with the intention of making it
his business in life. As was the wont with New-England
boys of that day, he labored faithfully for his father on
the farm and in the shop until he was 21, attending school
only about two months in the year — in the winter season.
His only absence from home during his minority was a
drive to Hanover, N.H., to take his eldest brother, Stephen
H., to one of his terms at Dartmouth College.

ENOCH LONG COMMENCES LIFE. 43
Young Enoch's first independent venture after becoming
"his own man" was an engagement to teach a district-
school in the southeast part of the town of Hopkinton for
two months in the winter of 1811-12. In the spring of
18 1 2, he got a job of coopering for a Mr. Williams, a mer
chant, to work up some cooperage stock that gentleman
had on hand. When that was done, in June, Mr. Williams
employed him to go to Newburyport, Mass., and make
into barrels a quantity of stock stored there. This task
completed, the young man returned home on the i6th of
September, walking the entire distance of sixty miles
between Newburyport and Hopkinton in one day.
During his first engagement with Mr. Williams at Hop
kinton, an event occurred which may truly be said to have
lent a coloring to every subsequent day of Enoch Long's
busy life. This was his uniting by profession, on the 12th
of May, 18 12, with the Congregational Church at Hopkin
ton Village, then under the pastoral charge of Rev. Ethan
Smith. The vows then taken with humble trust and
unfeigned sincerity, became, from that day, the ruling,
guiding principles of his manhood, and the comfort and
solace of his old age.
A part of the winter of 18 12-13, was again spent in
teaching, having been engaged for a district-school three-
quarters of a mile west of Hopkinton Village, the term
lasting about three months. During the ensuing summer,
business proved very dull for his trade, and he concluded
to seek a location on the rich farming lands of the West.
The "Western Reserve" in Ohio was the portion of the
West best known to New Englanders, and to that State

44 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
he resolved to direct his steps and take up land for a
farm. The phrase "directing his steps" must be taken
literally, for, on the nth of November, 1813, he packed
what of worldly effects he should require upon the journey
into his father's knapsack (the one he carried in the Revo
lutionary War), strapped it upon his sturdy young shoul
ders, and started, on foot and alone, for what was then the
far, far West. Ah! how that shows the fibre of which the
youth was made. Never before in his life had he passed
out of the county in which he was born, except twice, and
then with or among friends — when he went with his brother
to Dartmouth College, and when he went to work at New
buryport, near the old home of his grandsires. But trust
ing for protection in the God whom he served, in his own
integrity and fearless spirit, he boldly struck out alone to
carve his way in the world, in a new country, where hard
strokes would count quickest and surest.
His route lay through the western part of New Hamp
shire, crossed the Connecticut River at Bellows Falls,
twenty miles above Brattleborough, Vt., passed down to
Brattleborough, and took the turnpike over the Green
Mountains to Bennington; thence to Lansingburgh, N. Y.,
on the Hudson River, and down the river to Watertown,
near its junction with the Mohawk. Here he found a
cousin, who was also struck with the Western fever, and
concluded to go with him. They proceeded to Albany by
way of Troy, crossing the Hudson twice, and from Albany
their march lay over the "Great Western Turnpike" as far
as Canandaigua. Thence bearing northwest, they took the
"Ridge Road", running parallel to the shore of Lake

ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, IN 1813. 45
Ontario, but several miles south of that lake. On the 3d
day of December, 18 13, they arrived at and crossed the
Genesee River, at the "Falls" of that river, at Rochester,
on a new bridge built that season. Rochester was located
on both sides of the Genesee River, at the "Falls", but
where is now a city of about 100,000 inhabitants, there
was then, on the east side, a clearing of about 50 acres,
where was built a number of log-houses, joined together
for the accommodation of travelers, owned by a Capt.
Stone; on the west side about the same amount of land
cleared, ten or twelve log-houses, one frame house, one
saw-mill, and one grist-mill being built, and a race being
dug for another mill. Thus were being laid the founda
tions for the great "Flour City". Down the river four
miles to the "Ridge Road" again, and then west 16 miles
from Rochester, arrived at what was then called Murray's
Four Corners, now Clarkson, N.Y. Here Mr. Long found
Dr. Nathaniel Rowell, an old New- Hampshire acquaint
ance, who persuaded him that winter was a bad time to
explore for land, and induced him to remain and teach
their school for the winter.
In the meantime the war with England was progressing.
It was not popular in New England. The shipping and
commercial interests of that section were suffering, and
the feeling was general there that hostilities had been pre
cipitated before all more peaceable means of accommodat
ing the differences between the two countries had been
exhausted. Sharing somewhat this feeling, and unable
entirely to reconcile his professions as a Christian with
warfare, except for principles that he considered vital, or

46 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
in defence of his country from actual invasion, Mr. Long
had not felt, before leaving New Hampshire, that duty
called him. to take any personal part in the fray. But he
had now come so close to the scenes of actual warfare,
that the appeal to his patriotism could not be resisted.
Since the first breaking out of hostilities, the "Niagara
frontier" had been at varying intervals the scene of military
operations. In the summer and autumn of 1812, in an
action at Oueenstown Heights, the British General Brock
had been killed, and the American General Van Rensselaer
wounded, and a considerable portion of his force captured.
The American side of the river was, however, guarded by
a force exceeding that of the British; but, by the ineffi
ciency or cowardice of its commander (Gen. Smyth of
Virginia), it was not permitted to undertake any aggres
sive operations, and the British were allowed to retain
possession of Fort George, at the mouth of the Niagara
River, on the Canada side, until May 27th, 18 13, when
Gens. Chandler and Winder, with a portion of the force
which had just previously captured Toronto, crossed the
river, stormed and captured the fort, and drove the British
back to Burlington Bay, at the head of Lake Ontario. In
November, a campaign for the conquest of Montreal hav
ing been planned. Gen. Wilkinson took the greater portion
of the forces from the Niagara frontier to join him in that
abortive expedition. Taking advantage of their absence,
a force of British and Indians advanced against Fort
George. Gen. McClure, its commandant, abandoned the
place at their approach, and retreated to the American
side of the river. The news flew like wildfire through

WAR ON THE FRONTIER. 47
Western New York that the enemy had invaded their
State, and the dreaded savages were a portion of the
invading force. As an earnest of their intentions, the
villages of Lewiston, Youngstown, and Manchester, on the
Niagara River, were laid in ashes; and it was reported
that they were advancing on the "Ridge Road" toward
Rochester and the interior of the State. The militia were
called out, and Mr. Long could no longer hesitate.
Promptly obtaining a release from his contract to teach,
he joined a company under command of Captain Whittier
Stewart, which was placed in a regiment commanded by a
Col. Atchison or Atkinson. Mr. Long states that the
British and Indians crossed the Niagara River near Fort
Niagara, captured that fort, putting many of the garrison
to death, burned the villages before mentioned, and all
the houses up to the upper end of the falls. They came
down the "Ridge Road" ten miles, laying waste most of
the country. Then the militia began to appear in their
front in sufficient numbers to force their retreat back
across the Niagara. Mr., Long's regiment marched directly
to the river about the middle of December, and encamped
near its banks. On the last day of December, he was
with a scouting party on Lewiston Heights, when a mes
senger met them with news that the British had crossed
over the pirevious day, and burned Buffalo and Black
Rock villages during the night. The scouting party took
the news to camp, and their regiment was ordered, by the
commander of the forces, to fall back and secure the
public property. They moved back about 20 miles on the
Ridge Road, and there met a force of regular troops com-

48 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
ing to the rescue of the imperiled frontier. The regiment
was there disbanded, and went home except Mr. Long
and fifteen others. He was appointed sergeant, and left
with the detachment in charge of the public property
there stored. His inherent love of music had prompted
him when at home to learn to play on the fife, and this
knowledge had gained him the appointment on enlistment
of fife-major of the regiment, and the general efficiency
and trustworthiness he had exhibited had secured him the
more responsible position with which he was entrusted
when the regiment disbanded. He remained at the post
about three weeks, when he was relieved by a Lieut. New
berry of the regular troops, obtained his discharge, and
returned to Murray's Four Corners.
Abandoning entirely now the idea of going further west,
he remained with Dr. Rowell, in charge of that gentle
man's farm during the season of 18:4. In the fall of that
year, he returned, on foot, to his old home at Hopkinton,
N. H., completing the journey in thirteen days, on the last
two of which he walked ninety miles, from the west side
of the Green Mountains to Hopkinton. The following
winter (1814-15) he taught school in Salisbury, N. H.,
among the foot-hills of Kearsarge Mountain. The next
summer he went to Salem, Mass., and worked at his trade
a few months, and, in the fall of 1815, opened a shop in
Concord, N. H., in partnership with a Mr. Savoy, and con
tinued in that business until June, 18 19.

CHAPTER V.
Married February 20, 1816, to Miss Mary A. Hastings — the Children
of that Union — Sets out again for the West in 1819 to find a
new Home — his Objective Point St. Louis — the Route he Traveled
— Descends the Ohio River in a Skiff —Journey on Foot from
Shawneetown to Alton, Illinois — Arrives at Alton, August 27th,
1819 — Continues his Journey to St. Louis — Returns to Alton to
make the Place his Home — his Long Sickness.
On the 29th of February, 18 16, occurred the marriage
of Enoch Long and Miss Mary A. Hastings, daughter of
Moses and Miriam Hastings of Hopkinton, where she was
born April 17th, 179 1. Miss Hastings had been, for some
time, a fellow-worker with Mr. Long in teaching, and she
became a fellow-worker with him through a long life, in all
the labors and trials of his busy life; bearing her full share
of the burdens and vicissitudes of pioneer experiences
with true Christian cheerfulness.
Three children were the fruit of this union: (i) Lucia
Maria, born in Concord, November 24th, 1816; married, at
Alton, III, May 14th, 1834, to Dr. P. W. Randle; died
there, May 31st, 1836; a lovely girl, whose young life thus
early cut off gave promise of great usefulness. (2) Moses
Hastings, born August 29th, 1825, at Upper Alton, III,
now living at Sabula, Iowa. (3) Stephen Henry, born
May 30th, 1 83 1, at Upper Alton; died in Galena, March
4

50 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
15th, 1848, in the seventeenth year of his age.* His un
timely death was a severe blow to his fond parents, but
they had early learnt to lay their burdens at the foot of
the cross and say, "Not our wills, Lord, but thine be done."
But to return to our narrative. Mr. Long had never
given up the idea that the field for his energies lay in the
boundless West, and business being unsatisfactory in Con
cord, he again set out in the early summer of 18 19 to find
a new home. This time his objective point was the new
city of St. Louis, where his brother. Major S. H., had been
stationed for some time and had many friends and acquaint
ances. He started from Concord June 24th, Mrs. Long
nobly undertaking to support herself and their young
daughter by dress-making during his absence.
The first day's journey (to Brattleborough, Vt.) was
accomplished by private conveyance, driven by his brother,
Geo. W. (afterward West Point graduate and major of
engineers, as previously narrated), who returned home
from Brattleborough. Thence by stage to Albany, N.Y.;
thence down the Hudson River to New- York City, where
he spent three days; by stage again to Trenton, N. J.;
and then by boat to Philadelphia, where he spent several
days with his brother Stephen's young wife. That gentle
man was then practically illustrating one of the peculiar
hardships of a military career, having started upon his first
* This young man, Stephen Henry Long, who was thus cut off in his early
youth, is well remembered by many of the residents of Galena of that day.
He was a boy of remarkable gifts. Intelligent, comely in person, of a noble
and generous disposition, his premature death brought sorrow to many hearts
outside of his own stricken family.

JOURNEY TO THE WEST. 5 I
famous Rocky-Mountain expedition before his honeymoon
was fairly over.* From Philadelphia, Enoch took stage to
Pittsburg, expecting to obtain passage down the Ohio
River from there on a steamboat. This mode of naviga
tion was already coming into pretty general use, although
it had been but little more than ten years since Robert
Fulton's first successful experiment upon the Hudson
River. The crude vessels of that day, however, required more
water to float them than the fine light-draft steamers that
now navigate the Ohio, and the river being at a low stage,
no steamboats were running. Nothing daunted by the dis
appointment, our indomitable traveler soon found a com
panion whose route lay the same direction, and the two
bought a skiff, in which, after a few days delay, they were
afloat, and proceeded down the river to Cincinnati. When
two days out they overtook two other men in a skiff, one
of whom, as well as Mr. Long's partner, lived near Cin
cinnati, and to him Mr. Long gave his share of the skiff
when they arrived at that city.
Here he remained a few days with a former acquaint
ance — a Mr. Dickerson — awaiting an opportunity to con
tinue his journey. The first that offered was two keel-
boats (lashed together) bound for Nashville, Tenn. On
one of these he took passage for Shawneetown, III, and
was on board two weeks, but in that time progressed only
100 miles, being delayed by head-winds. Disgusted with
such slow progress, he and two other passengers patched
up an old skiff given them by the captain of the keel-boat,
* Married March 3d, 1819.

52 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
and in it made the rest of the trip to Shawneetown, having
traveled in all, in skiffs, about 800 miles. He now arranged
to have his trunk sent to St. Louis by keel-boat, first mak
ing a bundle or "pack" of his summer clothing, and started
on foot and alone for Edwardsville and Alton, Madison
County, Illinois, 160 miles distant. Of that lonely tramp
across the very sparsely-settled country through which his
route lay he has left us no record, except that he arrived
at Alton on the 27th day of August, 18 19 — two months
and three days from the time he left home in New Hamp
shire. In Alton, he found his friend. Major Hunter, living
in a new frame house by a spring, which still bears the
name of Hunter's Spring. In this hospitable home he
spent a few days, and then prepared for a visit to St.
Louis. There being no regular conveyance between the
two places — twenty-five miles apart — he set about with
his customary self-reliance to make one for himself Down
the river three miles, at a place then called Gibraltar,
some parties were building a saw-mill, to be run by oxen
on an inclined wheel. Here he borrowed some tools
and made a raft out of material picked from a drift
pile. He left the mill about noon, and found the ride a
much more perilous one than he had anticipated; for the
sediment from the "Big Muddy" Missouri kept collecting
on his unique craft and settling it deeper and deeper into
the water, until, when he arrived at St. Louis, about sun
down, nothing could be seen of it except the block he sat
on. A party of soldiers standing on the bank of the river
saw him as he rounded a point above them, and were so

VISITS ST, LOUIS. 53
startled at the strange appearance of a man apparently
riding on nothing, that they watched him until he landed
near them, when, bundle in hand, he sprang ashore and
let his raft go adrift. Among the army officers stationed
at St. Louis were several from New Hampshire with whom
he was acquainted, and he spent several days in visiting
with them. Those whose names are given in the memo
randum he left are Capt. Ballard and Capt. Lowe, whose
quarters were in the same building in St. Louis, and Col.
Snelling (after whom Fort Snelling, at the mouth of the
Minnesota River, was named), who was stationed at Belle-
fontaine, on the Missouri River, a few miles above its
mouth. Mr. Long had, however, determined upon Alton as his
future home, and returned there. But it soon became
evident that the fatigues and exposure to all vicissitudes
of the weather and the malaria of a new country had made
inroads upon even his vigorous constitution. He was taken
sick the latter part of September, and did not recover his
health until April, 1820. It is from this period of his
recovery that, as we learn from other sources, dates his
reorganization of the first Sabbath-school established in
the State of Illinois, and his school (rightfully Iiis, for he
conducted it almost alone) was for several years the only
one in that great State.

CHAPTER VI.
First Sunday- Schools in Illinois — Mr. Long Organizes the Second
Sunday-School in the State in May, 1820, at Upper Alton — Re
turns to New Hampshire for his Family in the Fall of 1820 —
Letter of Mr. M. Brown — Deacon Long goes to the Galena Lead-
Mines in 1828 — Returns to Alton and helps to start the First
Temperance Society in that Town — Vast Increase of Sunday-
School Scholars.
Mr. Long's recollection of this pioneer Sabbath-school
was given to his son, in the last year of his life, substan
tially as follows: "The first and only Sabbath-school in
Illinois was organized by Rev. Thomas Lippincott (then a
merchant, it being before he entered upon the ministry) in
a small village called Milton (two miles east of Alton, at
the crossing of the public road over Word River), in the
summer of 18 19, with ten or twelve scholars. The school
was discontinued by reason of the death of Mr. Lippin-
cott's wife and his removal to Edwardsville.
"Mr. Long organized another school in Upper Alton,
in May, 1820, with some forty scholars. His mode of
conducting the school was in having the children recite
scripture lessons — no teachers and classes as now. The
school continued until about 1st of August, when the
sickly season set in and it was given up. In November,
he returned East to Concord, N. H., for his family, and

address of DR. H. Z. GILL. 55
came back to Upper Alton*, in the spring of 1821, when
the Sunday-school was reopened under Mr. Henry H.
Snow as superintendent, who was then teacher of the day
school." From an address, delivered by Dr. H. Z. Gill before the
Jersey County Sunday-school Convention, at Jerseyville,
III, in Nov., 1880, we quote the following allusion to this
school. The letter of Mr. M. Brown, therein cited, also
gives other interesting reminiscences of Mr, Long's pioneer
experience. It will be noticed that Dr. Gill places the
organization of Thomas Lippincott's school in 1817, while
Mr. Long stated it as 18 19. We are inclined to think that
Dr. Gill's date is a misprint in the newspaper in which the
address is published:
" The first Sunday-school organized in this State was at
a small village called Milton, two miles from Alton, in the
summer of 18 17. It was started by Thomas Lippincott,
then a merchant, but afterward a preacher. Mrs. L. died
in the fall of the same year, and Mr. L. returned to
Edwardsville. The school was discontinued. In May,
1820, Mr. E. Long organized a Sunday-school at Alton
(now Upper. Alton), continued it through the summer, and
closed it in the fall to go to New Hampshire for his family,
and on his return, in the spring of 1 821, he reopened the
Sunday-school, which, it is reported, has been continued
ever since."
Mr. M. Brown wrote the following letter in regard to
Deacon Long, which will be read with interest :

56 sketch of ENOCH LONG.
"Brighton, III., Nov. 3, 1880.
"H. Z. Gill, Esq. — Dear Sir: Yours of the 26th ult.
was received in due time. The press of business has
caused me to delay a reply until now. In regard to Sun
day-schools, I remember Mr. E. Long as the first teacher
in Alton. He had boarded at my father's house during
the winter of 1819 and 1820. In the spring, about the 1st
of April, 1820, Mr. Long proposed commencing a Sunday-
school and asked my father to join him in the enterprise,
which he consented to do, and used his influence to get as
many children to attend as possible, and went with Mr.
Long to the .school-house on Sunday mornings occasion
ally, assisted in opening the school, and gave it his hearty
approval. But Mr. Long was acknowledged the princi
pal and conducted the school, being superintendent and
teacher. I do not remember that any person assisted him
except my father, whose name was Jonathan Brown. The
scholars were Clarissa and Grace Finch, and their brothers
Daniel, James, and Robert, Catherine and Robert Ruther
ford, James Michael, Wesley and Ashael Brown, William
and Sanders McCollister. There may have been others,
but I can not call their names now. The books were
Webster's spelling-book for the little children and the
New Testament for all those that could read. School
hours were mostly occupied in reciting and hearing Scrip
ture verses. The scholars were encouraged to commit to
memory all the verses possible, and were rewarded by a
ticket — white, yellow, green, or red — each color indicating
the number of verses recited by the holder of the ticket.
This created considerable competition, and some of the

letter of m. brown. 57
children spent much of their time committing Scripture
lessons to memory. I remember Catherine Rutherford
committed in one week io63 verses, but she went to
Deacon Long'g store daily to recite her lesson. The Sun
day-school gained in power among the people, and subse
quently others took hold of the work. Among the active
and efficient workers, I remember Mr. H. H. Snow, who
was a friend of Mr. Long, and they worked pleasantly and
heartily together. R. P. Maxey also took part in the
work. There were others, but I kept no memorandum, I
will not try to name them all. I remember that the school
was kept up for several years without any attempt to
explain the lessons. But the scripture language was well
impressed on the mind, and, to many, that has been a
valuable treasure' for many long years.
"Mr. Long was a cooper by trade, but engaged in the
grocery business; and soon after brought his family, a wife
and little daughter, from New Hampshire. He continued
the grocery business until he built a comfortable house for
his family; he then closed out the business, and built a
shop and carried on the cooper business, but the Sunday-
school work entered into his plans and was by him never
neglected. He was a man of considerable culture, a mem
ber of the Presbyterian church, a Christian gentleman. It
was my good fortune to form a partnership with him in
the lead mines, north of Galena, in the month of May,
1828. W^e afterward bought an interest in the newly-dis
covered mines at Mineral Point, and we were a part of,
and, I think, now the only surviving partners of the firm
of Hoard, Moore & Co. Our company built the first house
of any kind ever built at Mineral Point.

58 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
"Mr. Long went home to his family in Alton, and that
winter he helped form the first temperance society in
Alton. On his return to Mineral Point, in the spring of
1829, he told me of the temperance movement in Alton.
Mr. Long's influence was always on the side of morality
and religion. Such a life as his has not been a failure.
"Very respectfully, M. Brown."
How difficult to realize that we are so close to the
infancy of that great institution — the Sunday-school! But
Enoch Long attended the first one established in New
Hampshire, which was one of the first organized in the
United States, and his own great initial work in this cause
at Upper Alton, in 1820, was ovXy forty years after Robert
Raikes, in Gloucester, England, originated this great sys
tem of Christian labor. And Enoch Long lived to see
568,704 pupils enrolled in one year in the Sunday-schools
of the State of Illinois, in which the 40 that he taught
were the grand total. He lived to see in the United States
82,261 Sunday-schools, in the year 1880, in which 886,328
teachers were emploj^ed and 6,623,124 scholars enrolled.

CHAPTER VII.
Mr. Long engages in Mercantile Business in Upper Alton in the
Spring of 1820 — the Fall of that Year starts East after his
Family — Travels the Whole Distance to Hopkinton, N.H., on
Horseback — Time, Forty-four Days — is Accompanied Part of
the Way by Capt. H. H. Gear, who afterward Resided at Galena
— Route of Travel — Starts on his Return to Illinois with his
Family March 5, 1821 — Crosses the AUeghanies and Descends
the Ohio River from Pittsburg to Shawneetown — Arrives at
Alton, May 5, 1821 — a Curious "Passport" from the Governor
of New Hampshire — Commissions from Gov. Bond and Gov.
Coles. '
As intimated in Mr. Brown's letter, quoted in preceding
chapter, Mr. Long engaged in mercantile business in the
spring of 1820. About the 1st of April, he revisited St.
Louis, and made arrangements with a friend. Col. Paul
Anderson, to take a stock of goods to Upper Alton to sell,
and divide the profits. His business having become well
established, and promising to be remunerative, he waited
anxiously for an opportunity to become reunited with his
family. His brother, Col. S. H. Long, about returning
from his Rocky - Mountain exploring expedition, was
expected to pass through St. Louis on his way home,
and Enoch had no doubt of making arrangements with
him to have him bring out his family on his return to the
West in the spring. But Col Long returned by a southern

60 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
route, and our anxious pioneer was unable to see him.
Nothing seemed to remain but that he must make the trip
himself Among those who were then in Upper Alton, with the
intention of making a home there, was Capt. H. H. Gear,
from western New York. He too was desirous of return
ing to the East for his family, and he and Mr. Long con
cluded to make the journey on horseback in company so
far as their routes would lie together. They each pur
chased a horse, and started from Upper Alton on the 24th
day of November, 1820, traveling together as far as the
eastern part of Ohio.
From the point of separation, Capt. Gear's route lay
through Erie, Pa., on Lake Erie to Westport, N.Y., while
Mr. Long crossed the Ohio River at Steubenville, passed
through Pittsburg, Philadelphia, and New- York City, from
whence he rode up to West Point to see his brother, Geo.
W., then a cadet at the military academy. Thence by
roads leading through Connecticut, Massachusetts, and
New Hampshire. He finally arrived at his father's house
in Hopkinton on January 7th, 182 1, forty-four days after
leaving Alton, having performed the entire journey on
horseback. It is a coincidence worthy of notice that
Capt. H. H. Gear, who was his companion on so large a
portion of this trip, afterward settled in Galena, III, and
was a resident of that city when Mr. Long lived there; he
afterwards removed to Jackson County, Iowa, the same
county in which Sabula, the last home of Mr. Long, is
situated; and died at his home in Tete des Morts town
ship in that county, only a year or two before Mr. Long's

RETURN OF MR. LONG TO ILLINOIS. 6 1
decease. Capt. Gear was in many respects a remarkable
man, and, though he differed in a marked degree from Mr.
Long in many of his characteristics, he was imbued with
the same indomitable energy and perseverance, and a
vigorous vitality that gave him nearly as great longevity.
Mr. Long found his wife and little daughter at her
mother's homestead on Clement's Hill, a few miles from
his father's, and before the winter was fairly over, began
to make preparations for removing West. He purchased
a mate to the horse he had rode from Alton, also a wagon,
and covered it, and, on the 5th day of March, 182 1, bade
final adieu to the old Granite State. He was now accom
panied by his wife and their little Lucia, and by his wife's
sister. Miss Ednah Harriman [now Mrs. E. C. Silver of East
Boston, Mass.]. Hoping to avoid the bad roads incident
to the "breaking up" of spring, he persued a southerly
route by passing through Massachusetts, southeastern New
York, and New Jersey into Pennsylvania, coming on to
the main traveled road from Philadelphia to Pittsburg,
fifteen miles west of the former city. Having proceeded
on that road through Harrisburg to Chambersburg, Pa., he
again turned south, as the road was very muddy, and he
hoped to find one more dry and settled.- At Cumberland,
Md., they struck the "National Road", running from Bal
timore to Wheeling, and traveled on this to Brownsville,
on the Monongahela River. Here they met some mer
chants from Ohio going east after goods, who informed
them that it was almost impossible to go through Ohio
with a team, the roads being so muddy. So Mr. Long,
putting his experience on the Ohio of two years previous

6l SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
into play, purchased a flat boat 14 by 24 feet in size, fitted
up one end to accommodate his family, and the other end for
his horses, put the wagon on the roof, and was soon afloat
on the Monongahela. Sixty miles brought them to Pitts
burg and the Ohio River, on which stream they floated to
Shawneetown, III, where he sold his boat and made the
' ' »
remainder of the journey in a wagon again. They were a
little over two weeks on the river, and two months on the
entire trip, arriving at Upper Alton, May 5th, 1821. Prob
ably if Mr. Long had then been told that he would live
to see the time when that same trip might be made in two
days, he would have thought the bold prophet a lunatic.
Let us pause here to notice also some peculiarities of
laws and customs in those old days that the modern Yan
kee has grown far away from. Among the papers and
documents left by Mr. Long, are several yellow and dim
with age, that are now veritable curiosities. For instance,
when he first left New Hampshire for Illinois, it was neces
sary that he should have a "passport"!
This is a copy of the document in full: —
"State of New Hampshire.
"By his Excellency, Samuel Bell, Governor
SEAL j^j^^j Commander-in-Chief of the said State of
OF THE
STATE.* New Hampshire, one of the United States of
America.
"To all to whom these presents shall come. Greeting:
"Know ye, that Enoch Long, the bearer hereof, aged
* Aiound the border of the seal are the words : " Sigillum Reipublica: Neo
Hantoniensis, 1184. "

ENOCH LONG'S PASSPORT. 6^
twenty-eight years, of the height of about five feet, ten
inches, of dark or florid complexion, dark-brown hair, grey
or hazel eyes, is a native of this State and a citizen of the
United States — that his moral character is fair and his
standing in society reputable.
"The said Enoch Long being about to travel into other
parts. It is desired, that all within the said United States
of America, and that all foreign States, Potentates, and
Powers, and all others, in every quarter of the world, who
may see these presents, and whom it may concern, do per
mit him to pass safely and freely, without giving, or per
mitting to be given, to him any hindrance or molestation
in his voyage or voyages, or in journeyings or travels by
land, while persuing his lawful business and affairs; but,
on the contrary, affording all requisite protection and
assistance as would be granted and afforded here to per
sons coming in similar manner recommended to protection
and assistance.
"In testimony whereof, we have delivered to him this
Passport, signed by our own hand, with the seal of our
said State annexed, and countersigned by our Secretary of
said State.
"Given at Concord this twelfth day of June, Anno
Domini, one thousand eight hundred and nineteen, and in
the forty-third year of the Independence of the United
States of America. Samuel Bell.
"By his Excellency's command,
"Samuel Sparhawk, Secretary."
We also have two commissions of appointment of Mr.
Long as justice of the peace from governors of Illinois.

64 sketch of ENOCH LONG.
The first is given at Vandalia, July 2d, 1821, and is
signed by Shadrach Bond, governor, and Elisha K. Kane,
secretary of state.
Shadrach Bond was the first governor of the State of
Illinois, the State having been admitted into the Union in
18 18, and the governors were elected for terms of four
years. Another commission is dated January 14th, 1823, signed
by Edward Coles, governor, and Sam'l D. Lockwood,
Secretary of State, and differs from the first in that the
appointment seems to have been made by the State Legis
lature. It reads: "Know ye, that Enoch Long, having been
nominated by the House of Representatives to the office
of Justice of the Peace for the County of Madison, and
his nomination having been confirmed by the Senate, I,
Edward Coles, Governor of the said State, for and on
behalf of the People aforesaid, do appoint him Justice of
the Peace for said county. * * * And to have and
to hold the said office, with all the rights and emoluments
thereunto legally appertaining, during good behavior.''
The acknowledgment on the back is interesting as an
instance of the strict enforcement of the law against
duelling. It reads:
"State of Illinois, ) ss
Madison County. J
"Personally came before me Wm. P. McKee, Deputy
Clerk of the Circuit Court for Madison County, Enoch
Long, who took an oath to support the Constitution of

oath against dueling. 65
this State and of the United States, that he would faith
fully discharge the duties of the office of Justice of the
Peace according to the best of his knowledge and abilities,
that he has not been engaged in a duel, by sending or
accepting a challenge to fight a duel, or by fighting a duel
since the passage of an act entitled an 'Act to suppress
duelling', and that he will not be engaged, in any manner,
in a duel during his continuance in office.
"Sworn to before me, "Wm. p. McKee, Deputy-Clerk."

CHAPTER VIII.
Mr. Long returns to Alton — his Business Badly Mismanaged during
his Absence — Faces the Misfortune and Resumes his Trade of
Cooper — Removes to the Galena Lead-Mines in the Fall of 1825
— Makes the Journey on Foot from Alton to Galena — Itinerancy
of his Trip — Returns Home in November, 1826 — Teaches School
in the Winter of 1826-7 — Goes Back to the Lead-Mines in the
Spring of 1828 — "Strikes a Lead" — Returns Home again and
Pays Off his Debts — Engages in Business in the Fall of 1829.
Upon his return to Alton, Mr. Long and family occu
pied a log-cabin in close proximity to his -store, which was
in what is called Salu Addition to Upper Alton. The
unpleasant truth soon became revealed to him that his
business had been grossly mismanaged, during his absence,
by the person left in charge. Goods had been sold on
credit to irresponsible parties, and otherwise squandered,
so that he found himself owing one thousand dollars more
than he was able to pay. Cheerfully facing this burden,
as he had many others, he promptly closed out the stock
of goods, removed to another part of town ("into a house
of hewn logs near where the Baptist Church now stands"),
and resumed work at his trade, coopering. He shortly
afterward, by selling the horse he had rode to New Hamp
shire, was able to purchase the lots that became his home
stead during his subsequent long residence in Alton. He

removes to TPIE GALENA LEAD-MINES. 6^
built thereon a frame house and a log-shop, and pursued
the business of making barrels and rafting them to St.
Louis for a market.
He thus, by hard work and close economy, was able, in
four years, to reduce his indebtedness to five hundred dol
lars. It was now the wdnter of 1825-6. For some time
stories had been coming of marvelous fortunes being made
by "big strikes" in the Galena lead-mines. Feeling
strongly the necessity of taking advantage of every pos
sible means whereby he might be relieved of the still large
indebtedness that remained unpaid, and business being
very dull at home, Mr. Long resolved to try what he could
do at lead-mining. It being winter, navigation was closed
on the river, and there were no stage lines over the vast,
almost uninhabited country stretching between Alton and
Galena, a great portion of it being still unclaimed hunting-
grounds of wild Indian tribes. But these obstacles were
of little moment to so practical a pedestrian as our sturdy
pioneer had formerly been, and he resolved to reach his
goal by the primitive method that he had so often adopted
in his younger days. Accompanied by Benj. Delaplaine,
a young man 18 years of age, he started on foot for the
Galena lead-mines on the 26th day of January, 1826.
We have but a meagre record of the incidents of this
singular and arduous trip, beyond a statement of the stop
ping places at the close of each day's journey. These we
will give from Mr. Long's memoranda: Stopped the first
night at Mr. McLaughlin's, where Jerseyville now is;
second night at Mr. John Russell's, at Bluffdale, on the
Illinois River bottom; third night at James W. Whitney's,

68 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
on the Mississippi Bottom; fourth night at Captain Ross'
Atlas, Pike County; fifth night at Mr. Slaton's, five miles
south of Quincy; sixth night at Mr. Sale's, 12 miles north
of Quincy; seventh night at Maj. Marsden's, five miles
south of Fort Edwards; eighth night about half-way up
the lower rapids, where they camped out; ninth night at
Capt. White's, at the head of the rapids. There Capt.
White put them on the Indian trail leading from Fort
Edwards to Rock Island. They were now in a part of
Illinois that was still in the possession of the Indians,
there being very few white settlers in any part of the
state bordering on Iowa Territory until the lead-mines
were reached. It will be remembered that this was over
seven years prior to the Black-Hawk War, the scene of
which was in the section they had now entered upon. The
tenth day they traveled about 20 miles, camping at night
on the banks of a creek; on the eleventh night they
camped five miles north of where they crossed the Hen
derson River, which they, at the time, supposed to be Rock
River. The twelfth night they camped in a grove on the
prairie, and the next day arrived at the military post on
Rock Island — Fort Armstrong — which was in command
of Major Zachary Taylor, afterward President of the
United States. Their last two days' march had been
made on a very short allowance of provisions, as they were
unable to carry a large supply. Mr. Long met, in the gar
rison at Rock Island, an old acquaintance, Capt. Lowe,
with whom he spent two nights. The ice on the river
being very firm and solid, they took advantage of its
smooth surface for the remainder of their journey, and the

RETURNS TO ALTON IN NOVEMBER, 1826. 69
first night after leaving Rock Island, camped at the head
of the Upper Rapids — near where Port Byron now is.
The second night camped on an island a little below the
present site of the City of Clinton, Iowa. On the third
night they camped on the head of the island at Savanna,
III, or directly opposite to what is now Sabula, Iowa, where
the last years of Mr. Long's life was spent. The next
night they camped on Small-Pox Creek, four miles from
Galena, and arrived at that place on the 13th of February.
Here Mr. Long remained laboring in the mines, but with
very poor success until Nov. 4th, 1826, when he started for
home, in company with seven others, down the Mississippi
River. Their mode of conveyance was in two birch-bark
canoes. The trip to Alton occupied about two weeks.
The remainder of the winter of 1826-7, he taught school
and in the spring, returned to the mines. This time he
was more successful. He struck what in miner's parlance
was called "a good show for a lead", and without waiting
to fully develop it, had an opportunity to dispose of his
interest for one thousand dollars. This he accepted, and
immediately returned home, having been absent four
months. He was now enabled to free himself from debt,
and have something left. The summers of 1828 and 1829,
he also spent at the mines, but with poor success. After
his return home, in the fall of 1829, he engaged in mercan
tile business in company with Winthrop S. Oilman, and
thus ended what he was accustomed to call his pioneer life.

CHAPTER IX.
Upper Alton — Godfrey and Oilman — the Beneficence of Benjamin
Godfrey — The Monticello Seminary — Business reverses of Enoch
Long— his Fortune swept away — his liberality when in Prosper
ity — Trustees of the Monticello Female Seminary — Interesting
Letter from Rev. Mr. Hurlbut — a Just Tribute to the Character
of Deacon Long.
Upper Alton, in which was Mr. Long's home and
place of business, was then about two miles east of Alton
proper, and is still a separate municipality, being situated
upon the hills, — or Mississippi-River bluffs, — back of the
main city. Winthrop S. Oilman, with whom Mr. Long
became associated in business, was also a resident of
Upper Alton, and at that time made his home in Mr.
Long's family. He shortly after, in company with Capt.
Benj. Godfrey, organized the firm of Godfrey, Oilman &
Lj., which was for many years one of the greatest mer- ^
cantile houses in the West. They owned and controlled
several stores and warehouses; did a wholesale commission
business; handled for themselves and others large quanti
ties of farm produce and farmer's supplies; packed pork;
and had the ambition and hope at one time to make Alton
instead of St. Louis the commercial metropolis of the
Upper Mississippi Valley.
Capt. Godfrey was a gentleman of large wealth, acquired

BENJ. GODFREY— MONTICELLO FEMALE SEMINARY. 7 1
in fortunate mining investments in some of the Spanish-
American colonies; full of enterprise and push, and beloved
for his high character and enlightened Christian liberality.
He was a member of the Presbyterian denomination, a
gentleman of considerable culture, and an enthusiastic
friend of education. In 1837, he projected and built at a
cost of $40,000 the Monticello Female Seminary, located
about four miles north of Alton, at a village called by his
name, Godfrey. It was opened for the reception of pupils
on the nth of April, 1838, and has ever been one of the
most valuable institutions of learning in the West.
The funds for the erection of the building were placed
by Capt. Godfrey in the hands of three trustees, of whom
Enoch Long was one, and he continued to occupy that
responsible and honorable position as long as he remained
in Alton. The catalogue of the Seminary for the year
ending March, 1842, is now in the possession of M. H.
Long at Sabula, by which we learn that the trustees for
that year were: "Rev. Thereon Baldwin (principal of the
Seminary), Enoch Long, Esq., Winthrop S. Oilman, Esq.,
Benjamin Godfrey, Esq., and Hon. Cyrus Edwards.'' (The
latter was once Whig candidate for governor of Illinois.)
"Financial agent, A. W. Corey, Esq."*
* Mr. Corey was one of the zealous Christian reformers of Alton who had
become identified with Rev. E. P. Lovejoy in his anti-slavery efforts, and
although not of the party of Mr. Lovejoy's defenders on the night of his
murder, was among those enrolled under advice of the mayor to protect his
press and preserve order and the freedom of speech in the city. He had
been engaged a few years previously to come to Alton and edit the Illinois
Temperance Herald, a paper which in 1837 had a circulation of 6000 copies

72 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
Capt. Godfrey died in Alton several years ago, but W.
S. Oilman is still living in New- York City.
Mr. Long's business in Upper Alton shared the general
prosperity of its neighboring city of Alton in those years,
and he was soon enabled to purchase the interest of his
partner, and conduct it with his own capital. He also
invested to a considerable extent in land, purchasing,
among other property, two excellent farms, which he
designed to present to his two sons, Hastings (M. H.) and
Stephen. Upon the one intended for the former was dis
covered an extensive bed of coal, of good quality, by Mr.
Long's tenant, and he took immediate measures for work
ing and developing it. But the great era of prosperity for
the West in those years was not all genuine. In 1837 the
bubble burst, ¦ and too many honorable and enterprising
business men found themselves illy prepared to withstand
the general depression that followed. The great firm of
Godfrey & Oilman was forced to suspend, carrying with
them the State Bank of Illinois, from which they had
made large loans; and, in the general panic that swept
over the country, the failure of business houses became
almost universal. Mr. Long had, with characteristic gen
erosity, become endorser for many of his friends, and, with
his characteristic fine sense of honor, gave up everything
per month, and was conducted with great energy and boldness in opposition
to the liquor traffic. He afterward settled at Godfrey, 111., the seat of Mon
ticello Seminary, where he still resides at the advanced age of nearly 80
years. He was for thirty years agent of the Sunday- School Union in the
West, and "many thousands of Sunday-schools owe their origin to his effec
tive labors and astonishing executive ability. ''

PECUNIARY MISFORTUNES OF DEACON LONG. 73
to pay these debts when those he had thus befriended
shared in the general crash of fortunes.
He had estimated the value of his investments and accu
mulations at fully fifty thousand dollars, but these losses
by surety, added to those by bad debts and depreciation
in value of real estate and other investments, literally
stripped him of everything, and upon settlement of all his
affairs he found himself, when nearly fifty years of age,
forced to begin the world anew with only his strong hands,
clear brain, indomitable energy and perseverance.
The exact date of his failure we have been unable to
ascertain, but it must have been as late as the summer of
1838, although caused by the panic of 1837.
During the years of his prosperity, Mr. Long never for
got the obligations he believed he owed to "Him from
whom Cometh every good and perfect gift." His labors in
the church and Sunday-school were constant and zealous;
he took an active interest in the temperance work then just
beginning to engage the attention of Christians and phi
lanthropists; and he was prompt to ally himself with that
as yet small faction of heroic reformers who were deter
mined to do what in them lay to remove the foul sin of
human slavery from our land. Aye, he was ready to offer
his life, if need be, in defence of principles that he believed
God commanded his people to sustain; and we shall soon
see how he was among the foremost in defending the right
of E. P. Lovejoy to speak and write as he chose against
the horrible wrong of slavery.
His contributions in support of his church and all its
charities, and of other philanthropic enterprises, were regu-

74 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
larly and freely bestowed. He made a liberal donation in
aid of Illinois College at Jacksonville, III, then under the
presidency of Edward Beecher, D.D. — one of the famous
Beecher family. But his magnum opus — his great labor of
love — was the share he had in building the Presbyterian
church of Upper Alton — a fine stone structure — one of the
best houses of worship at that time in the West. He was
one of the trustees and building committee, his original
subscription was liberal and promptly paid, and when the
building was finished he presented to the church and
placed in it one of the finest bells ever made. It is remem
bered by all old citizens of Alton as one of retnarkably pure
tone and sweetness. Not only this, but, in his anxiety
that the church should enjoy their house of worship as
soon as possible, he advanced money to pay all deferred
subscriptions, taking the subscription list himself to collect
and be reimbursed for such advances. The panic of 1837
came on; very many of the subscribers became penniless
and unable to pay; and a loss thereby of between $5000
and $6000 helped swell Deacon Long's business embarrass
ments and contributed to his financial ruin. What shall
we say of the curious fact that not many years after the
beautiful church edifice took fire and burned to the ground,
and the rich-toned bell melted in the ruins to an undistin-
guishable mass!
The pastor of that " Presbyterian Church of Upper
Alton", in 1837, was Rev. Thaddeus B. Hurlbut, who is
still hving there (in 1882). He, too, was a radical anti-
slavery man; a close friend to Rev. E. P. Lovejoy, who
often preached in his church edifice, and was with Deacon

LETTER OF REV. T. B. HURLBUT. 75
Long as one of that band of twenty who defended Mr.
Lovejoy's press on the night when he was killed. We
insert here as appropriate to this chapter a letter from this
venerable clergyman (his wife as amanuensis) written to
M. H. Long, after his father's death:
"Upper Alton, Aug. 17, 1881.
"M. H. Long, Esq. — Dear Fiiend: We received the
paper you kindly sent us containing the obituary notice of
your honored father. I had seen the notice of his call
home, and though we could never feel really ready to let
him go, I did thank the Lord that he had given to the
church such a bright, consistent Christian example for so
many years. Could, or rather did, all professors of religion
give as truthful an exhibit of the Life of Faith, infidelity
would die away from the earth.
"I have known Dea. Long for more than forty-five years.
Have rejoiced in the much that he has done for his Master
by direct labors and godly influence. How many things I
remember of him! The house his efforts gave us in which
to worship — the sweet-toned bell — no bell ever sounded so
sweet to me as that one he made to ring in our beautiful
church. "Such a living epistle as he always was! I remember
Mr. Jennings telling me one day that the Sabbath previ
ous (it was in the time of Mr. J.'s ministry here, perhaps
in '35) he had urged upon the church the consecration of
their property to the service of Christ. He said Dea.
Long spoke with him after service, and said he 'thought
people did not know his circumstances — that he thought

"jQ SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
he gave as much as he was able.' Mr. J. said he replied,
'Mr. Long, I never considered myself as preaching to you
this morning. I have often pointed to you as the one
Christian that I knew who gave all that his Master called
for.' "Your dear mother is also one of my most precious
memories. She Was as near and, perhaps, I might in truth
say the nearest my ideal of what a Christian woman should
be of any one I ever knew. God grant that the mantle of
these glorified ones rest on their children and children's
children. "Mr. Hurlbut seldom attempts writing,* but he most
affectionately sympathizes in your bereavement as well as
myself, and we both rejoice in all the consolations so richly
vouchsafed to you. We are both old people; Mr. H. more
than eighty, and I almost eighty. Have both of us been
very feeble through this protracted hot weather. It is only
that it is cooler that I feel able to write.
* * * -X- *
"Affectionately your friends,
"T. B. Hurlbut,
"A. M. P. Hurlbut."

* Dr. Willard, in Tanner's "Martyrdom of Lovejoy", speaking of Rev.
Mr. Hurlbut, says: "A year ago, when he was at the advanced age of seven
ty-eight, he was so brave as to undergo an operation for cataract. "

CHAPTER X.
Political History of the United States — Rev. E. P. Lovejoy, the
Martyr for Liberty and Free Speech — A Native of Maine — Re
moves to St. Louis — Edits the St. Louis Times, and afterward the
St. Louis Observer — his Courage and Ability — his Eloquent and
Courageous Letter to the St. Louis Mobocrats — Edits the Alton
Observer — the Press destroyed by a Pro-Slavery Mob — Call for
the formation of a State Anti-Slavery Society — A Pro-Slavery
Mob takes Possession of the Meeting and breaks it up — Deacon
Long and others organized to resist the Mob.
The political history of the United States for what
might appropriately be designated the "middle third" of
the nineteenth century (1830 to 1870) is almost wholly
that of the inception, growth, and final culmination in a
civil war of unexampled magnitude, of a demand by the
nation that the institution of human slavery should not
disgrace a land whose form of government was based upon
the idea of political equality.
In the development of the moral sentiment that finally
decreed the total abolition of slavery, no single event had
greater influence in rousing and intensifying that sentiment
than the one which has made Alton memorable, and has
written the name of Rev. E. P. Lovejoy as one of the
great martyrs for free speech and liberty. By it, the then
young and obscure Wendell Phillips was stung to employ

78 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
for the first time that matchless power of eloquence which
has since made him famous; and led to devote his wonder
ful gift to the service of the downtrodden slave. Through
the wave of indignation which it sent over the entire
North, came increased and more perfect organization and
renewed zeal, that grew into a revolution.
In all the anti-slavery agitation in Alton, of which Mr.
Lovejoy was the centre, and among those few heroic men
who offered their lives in defence of free speech when it
was assailed in his person, Enoch Long bore a conspicuous
and highly honorable part.
In the hasty review which we are able to give of what
has come to be known historically as the "Alton Riots",
we are chiefly indebted to the full and interesting volume
published in 1881 by the Fergus Printing Co., Chicago,
entitled "The Martyrdom of Lovejoy". It is written by
Henry Tanner of Buffalo, N.Y., who was one of Mr. Love
joy's defenders, and contains also statements from the pens
of W. S. Oilman of New York, also a member one of that
company, and of Dr. Samuel Willard of Chicago, who was
then a resident of Alton. The compiler of this sketch
regrets that he never had the pleasure of hearing from Dea.
Long's own lips an account of his recollection of those
events (the idea of this writing not having occurred to him
during that venerable gentleman's lifetime). His remarka
bly retentive memory and unfailing accuracy of statement
would have made his version of inestimable value. We
have, however, availed ourselves of the recollections of M.
H. Long, who was a lad of twelve years of age at the
time, and of Wm. H, Bahne of Sabula, who was for many

LOVEJOY ENTERS THE THEATRE OF ACTION. 79
years an inmate of Deacon Long's family, and has fre
quently heard the occurrences described by him. We thus
obtain several incidents of Mr. Long's personal participa
tion not given in Mr. Tanner's book.
Elijah P. Lovejoy, born in Albion, Maine, Nov. 8, 1802,
was the son of Rev. Daniel Lovejoy, a Congregational
minister. He graduated at Waterville College, Waterville,
Me., and soon after emigrated to St. Louis, where he first
became a school-teacher, and afterward editor of the St.
Louis Times, a Whig newspaper.
In 1832, the whole current of his life was changed by
means of a remarkable conversion to the Christian faith.
He ever after felt that "The disciple is not above his mas
ter, nor the servant above his lord"; and nothing could
satisfy his fervent spirit but preaching that cross which had
shed such a flood of new light into his soul. H!e, there
fore, soon entered Princeton Theological Seminary, where
he progressed so rapidly that in the subsequent year, 1833,
he was licensed to preach the gospel. He returned the
same season to St. Louis, and, being known as a ready
writer, was put in charge of the St. Louis Observer, then
the organ of Presbyterians in the States of Illinois and
Missouri.* He was a man of intense feelings, strong will, energetic
nature, and the greatest tenacity of purpose in maintain
ing whatever he believed to be right. Such a man could
not refrain from taking a deep interest in the anti-slavery
discussion, then fairly beginning to agitate the public mind,
* Tanner's "Martyrdom of Lovejoy".

80 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
especially when its evils came so constantly under his own
observation as they were brought by his residence in a
slave State.
The coluinns of his paper were first opened to discussion
of the subject in the spring of 1835, in connection with an ,
effort being made by many of the best citizens of Missouri
to have the State Convention, appointed for Dec, 1835,
take action toward securing gradual emancipation.
Mr. Lovejoy's articles, although temperate and advocat
ing only gradual emancipation and colonization, being
persistent and frequent, created great excitement and
bitter feelings among the slave-holders. They objected to
any public discussion of the subject by the press, public
meetings, or in Congress, and the bulk of public sentiment
North, as well as' South, was inclined to sustain them in
that demand.
During Mr. Lovejoy's absence, in September, 1835,
attending Synod and Presbytery, the proprietors of the
Observer, at the request of its St. Louis patrons, announced
that nothing would be advanced in the paper calculated to
keep up the excitement on the slavery question. On his
return, a letter was addressed him by some of the worthi
est gentlemen in the city, including the pastor of the Sec
ond Presbyterian Church, urging him to change the manner
of conducting his paper in relation to the subject of domes
tic slavery. They stated that "we have reason to believe
that violence is even now meditated against the Observer
office, and we do believe that true policy and the interests
of religion require that the discussion of this exciting ques
tion should be at least postponed in this State."

BRAVE WORDS OF E. P. LOVEJOY. 8 1
In the same month (October, 1835) a public meeting
¦was held at which resolutions were passed strongly denounc
ing the course of the opposers of slavery, and particularly
that of Mr. Lovejoy.
To the letter referred to and the resolutions of the pub
lic meeting, Mr. Lovejoy published a reply, dated Nov.
5th, 183s, addressed "To my Fellow- Citizens," in which,
after denying charges that he was an amalgamationist, or
that he had sent copies of Garrison's Emancipator to Jeffer
son City for distribution, he says (among much else of
argument and illustration): "I deem it, therefore, my duty
to take my stand upon the Constitution. * * We have
slaves it is true, but / am not one. I am a citizen of these
United States, a citizen of Missouri, free-born; and having
never forfeited the inestimable privileges attached to such
a condition, I can not consent to surrender them. But
while I maintain them, I hope to do it with all that meek
ness and humility that become a Christian, and especially
a Christian minister.
"I am ready, not to fight, but to suffer, and, if need be,
to die for them. Kindred blood to that which flows in
my veins flowed freely to water the tree of Christian
liberty, planted by the Puritans on the rugged soil of New
England. It flowed as freely on the plains of Lexington,
the heights of Bunker HiU, and fields of Saratoga. And
freely, too, shall mine flow, yea, as freely as if it were so
much water, ere I surrender my right to plead the cause of
truth and righteousness before my fellow-citizens, and in
the face of all their opposers." In concluding this "Reply",
which is of considerable length, he says: "Fellow-citizens
6

82 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
of St. Louis, above you have my sentiments fully and freely
expressed on the great subjects now agitating the public
mind. Are they such as render me unworthy of that pro
tection which regulated society accords to the humblest of
its members.' Let me ask you why is it that this storm
of persecution is directed against me.'' What have I done.'*
Have I libelled any man's person or character.? No. Have
I ever disturbed the peace and quiet of your city by mid
night revelings or riots in the streets.' It is not pretended.
Have I ever, by word or deed, directly or indirectly,
attempted or designed to incite your slaves to insubordi
nation.' God forbid. I would as soon be guilty of arson
and murder. * * * I do, therefore, as an American
citizen and Christian patriot, and in the name of liberty
and law and religion, solemnly protest against all of these
attempts, howsoever or by whomsoever made, to frown
down the liberty of the press and forbid the free expres
sion of public opinion. Under a deep sense of my obliga
tions to my country, the church, and my God, I declare it
to be my fixed purpose to submit to no such dictation.
And I am prepared to abide the consequences. I have
appealed to the constitution and laws of my country; if
they fail to protect me, I appeal to God, and with him I
cheerfully rest my cause. * * * " * The effect of
these courageous and manly utterances was, as might have
been anticipated, to gain Mr. Lovejoy friends, and many
* The entire address is given in Tanner's " Martyrdom of Lovejoy ", pages
57 to 68. This language, now read after the lapse of nearly half-a-century,
must waken sentiments of admiration for one of the truest, bravest, christian
men who ever lived in the " tide of time".

MR. LOVEJOY CRITICISES JUDGE LAWLESS. 83
who did not agree with his sentiments were willing to sus
tain him in his demand for free speech and a free press.
The original proprietors of the Observer had requested
him to resign the editorship, but the paper now passed
by fore'closure into the hands of a Mr. Moore, who insisted
that Mr. Lovejoy should remain in charge of it, and in
St. Louis, although he had at first made the condition that
it should be removed to Alton. Six or seven months of
comparative peace ensued, Avhen, for pecuniarily reasons
chiefly, it was finally concluded to remove the paper to
Alton, where it had many friendly patrons.
The last issue in St. Louis was published June 21st, 1836,
and contained a stinging criticism upon the conduct of a
certain Judge Lawless, then upon the bench in that city,
who had, in a charge to the grand jury a few days previous,.
practically justified a mob in taking a negro murderer from
the jail and burning him at the stake. This, and Mr.
Lovejoy's comments on the action of the mob itself, again
excited the ire of the rabble, and, while the material was
being removed, a mob broke into the Observer office, took
out furniture and other property still remaining there, and
threw it into the Mississippi River. The rest of the press
was shipped to Alton, landed there on Sunday morning,
lay on the levee all day, and that night it, too, was thrown
into the river.
A public meeting of citizens of Alton was immediately
held, the act disavowed, and money raised to supply a new
press. It soon arrived; and on Sept. 8th, 1^36, the first
number of the Alton Observer was issued. It continued
to appear regularly until August 17, 1837, when it again

84 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
became the object of mob violence. During this time, Mr.
Lovejoy had changed his ground to that occupied by the
Eastern or Garrisonian abolitionists, and advocated imme
diate emancipation, instead of the plans of gradual eman
cipation and colonization that he had at first favored.
In the issue of his paper for July 6th, 1837, appeared a
strong editorial urging the formation of a State Anti-Sla
very Society. Feelings of bitter hostility had long been
brewing among the Southerners who had settled in Alton>
and this editorial fanned them to a flame. Handbills were
posted about the city calling upon those who disapproved
the course of the Alton Observer to meet at the public
market on July I ith, 1837. The meeting was held, although
but few respectable citizens took part in it. Resolutions
were passed disapproving Mr. Lovejoy's course, and a
committee appointed to wait upon him, "and ascertain
whether he intends to disseminate through the columns of
the Observer the doctrine of abolitionism and report the
result of their conference to the public." Nearly two weeks
elapsed before the committee finally prepared a letter and
presented it to Mr. Lovejoy, who replied with great suavity
that he could not recognize their right to question him on
the liberty of free speech, and referred them to a recently-
published article of his defining fully and clearly his views
on the slavery question.
St. Louis newspapers, particularly the Rlissouri Republi
can, commented upon the market-house meeting in a way
to encourage the spirit of lawlessness and outrage, and
returned to the subject repeatedly, urging finally that
"something must be done, and that speedily," by the citi-

A PLAN TO ASSAULT MR. LOVEJOY. 85
zens of Alton to eject from amongst them "that minister
of mischief, the Observer, or, at least, correct its course."
That article was published on the 17th August, 1837,
and on the 21st a mob assembled in Alton to carry out its
suggestions. They first attempted to assault Mr. Lovejoy,
who was returning at nine o'clock in the evening with some
medicine for his sick wife. His calm courage and coolness
of bearing shamed the crowd, and they allowed him to go
home; but at a little later hour, the same or another mob
broke into the Observer office, destroyed the press, type,
and material, and wounded one of the men by a stone
thrown through the window.*
Meetings of friends of the anti-slavery cause were called,
and after much deliberation it was concluded that the
paper must be reestablished and Mr. Lovejoy continued as
its editor, although he had offered to resign that position.
Money was subscribed for a new press — some of it in dis
tant States — and the material arrived in Alton about sun
set of Sept. 2ist, 1837. Mr. Lovejoy was then absent,
attending a session of Presbytery. The press and material
were immediately conveyed to the warehouse of Ferry &
Weller for storage, and the mayor, apprehending trouble,
* "The office was in the second story of a building on Second Street, the
principal business street of Alton ; and the building was next to the Piasa
Creek, which is now covered in as a sewer. * * « The windows were
demolished by volleys of stones, which were abundantly furnished by the
newly-macadamized street; and after it was seen that there was no apparent
resistance, a ladder was set up to a window and one of the mob crept up. *
* * " — Dr. Samuel Willard in Tanner's " Martyrdom of Lovejoy ".
M. H. Long, who was then a boy of twelve, well remembers seeing the
broken press and scattered type on the banks of Piasa Creek the next morning

86 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
placed a constable to guard the door until a late hour of
the night. After this officer left, a party of ten or twelve
men, disguised with handkerchiefs over their faces, broke
into the building, removed the press to the river bank,
broke it in pieces, and cast it into the Mississippi, despite
the expostulations of the mayor, who arrived on the scene
before the outrage was complete.
Thus was destroyed Mr. Lovejoy's third press. Friends
of the cause in Ohio immediately, upon learning the fact,
ordered another outfit shipped from Cincinnati to Alton,
to be placed at the disposal of the intrepid young editor.
It became then a question with him and his friends whether
another attempt should be made to continue the paper in
Alton, or remove it to some other locality; and that ques
tion was still undecided when the tragic event occurred
which we are about to relate.
In response to the suggestions in Mr. Lovejoy's paper in
July, as previously mentioned, a call signed by about two
hundred and fifty persons* had been issued for a conven
tion, to meet at the Presbyterian church in Upper Alton,
after the outrage. He picked up some of the type and preserved it several
years. He relates that on a recent visit to Alton he remarked to a friend,
while standing in the vicinity of the scene, that although it was now covered
by the sewer improvement, he believed he could point out the identical spot
where the debris then lay, and did so. He was astonished to learn, in confir
mation of the accuracy of his recollection, that a short time previous work
men, in excavating for the foundation of a new building, had exhumed pieces
of the broken press, and they were shown him.
* Dr. Willard says the call was signed by fifty-six gentlemen of Quincy;
forty-two of Galesburg; thirty-two of Jacksonville; twenty-three of the
Altons; twenty of Springfield; and seventy-two in other places.

PRO-SLAVERY MEN BREAK UP A CONVENTION. 87
on October 26th, 1837, to form a State Anti-Slavery So
ciety. This was the church of which Enoch Long was an
officer and had been the most liberal benefactor. The call
was for "a meeting of the friends of the slave and of free
discussion." It stated that the convention should consist
of those "who believe that the system of American slavery
is sinful and ought to be immediately abandoned." Tak
ing advantage of the clause favoring free discussion, the
pro-slavery men or anti-abolitipnists conceived the cunning
plan of entering the convention, claiming seats as members,
and thus-controlling its action. This they did ; and on its
formal organization on the second day, October 27th, 1837,
enough signed the roll to outnumber the real anti-slavery
men. They adopted resolutions deprecating the immedi
ate abolition of slavery, and adjourned the convention
sine die.
The meeting on the first day (October 26th) had been
somewhat turbulent, owing to the efforts of the pro-slavery
men to take part in it, and thus defeat its purpose; and
the official record says: "In consequence of the intrusion
of a number of disorderly persons, the convention did not
organize during the afternoon." Those proceedings, tend
ing as they did to apprehensions that such scenes of vio
lence and lawlessness as Alton had witnessed might be
repeated, led the authorities of Upper Alton to take
measures to protect her citizens and guests in their lawful
meeting; and on that evening they appointed and swore
in as special constables about forty "good men and true",
of whom Enoch Long was one. Dr. Willard, in his contri
bution to Tanner's "Martyrdom of Lovejoy", relates the

88 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
following in connection with that evening: "I remember
seeing one of the mob-party at a street corner, blustering,
and swaggering, and threatening ; Mr. Enoch Long and
other citizens told him he must n't behave so in that town,
and he presently departed with the air of a muzzled bull-
dog." The earnest men who called that anti-slavery convention
were not to be deterred by the farce by which its enemies
had controlled its action ; but met on the next day (Octo
ber 27th) at the house of Rev. T. B. Hurlbut,* where they
formally organized a State Anti-Slavery Society.
Elihu Wolcott of Jacksonville was chosen president of
the Society; Rev. E. P. Lovejoy, corresponding secretary;
Rev. T. B. Hurlbut, recording secretary. Among the vice-
presidents was H. H. Snow, then of Quincy, who has been
mentioned as one of the early coadjutors of Mr. Long, in
the Sunday-school work.
At this meeting, the question of the future location of
Mr. Lovejoy's paper was fully considered. It was decided
that its publication should be resumed in Alton, provided
some assurance could be obtained that the authorities and
people there would protect the rights of property and
defend peaceable and law-abiding citizens from mob-vio
lence. It was, therefore, thought prudent that when the
press arrived it should be stored at first in the warehouse
of Godfrey & Oilman, until the question had been fully
decided whether to revive the paper there or remove it to
* Rev. Mr. Hurlbut has been previously mentioned as being then pastor
of the Presbyterian church in Upper Alton.

LEADING CITIZENS CONSULT THE MAYOR. 89
Quincy. It was believed that the high-standing and popu
larity of the firm in question would insure their building
immunity from the vengeance of mobs.
Some leading citizens, among whom W. S. Oilman and
Henry Tanner were most active, immediately took meas
ures, upon full consultation with the mayor, and, as they
understood, with his explicit sanction and approval toward
organizing a company to resist by force, if necessary, any
further efforts of mobs to destroy property or molest peace
ful citizens. About sixty men enrolled themselves, includ
ing many of the "special constables'' in Upper Alton,
previously mentioned, and Enoch Long was among the
number, as were Rev. T. B. Hurlbut, A. W. Corey, and
Rev. Mr. Lovejoy.

CHAPTER XI.
The friendly relations between Deacon Long and Mr. Lovejoy — The
former active in the defence of the latter — A "prowler" seeks
after Mr. Lovejoy in the house of Deacon Long — A meeting of
the Friends of Free Speech — Addressed by Rev. Edward Beecher
— Turbulent Scenes— The Mob held at bay — Another Meeting —
Its Cowardly action and the Mob Spirit Dominant — Courageous
Protest of Winthrop S. Oilman — Indirect Incitations to Violence
— A new Press and Material sent to Alton — Names of the brave
Men who volunteered to defend the Press — Enoch Long selected
to act as Captain of the Little Band — The Mob gathers on the
night of November 7th, 1837, to destroy the Press, the possession
of which is demanded of Mr. Oilman — It is resolutely refused —
The Mob fires on the building — A return shot makes a Mobite
bite the dust — The Mob filled with Whisky return to the assault.
Mr. Long's personal relations with Rev. E. P. Lovejoy
were particularly intimate and friendly. The reverend
gentleman was a minister of the Presbyterian church, and
previous to, as well as after, his settlement in Alton, fre
quently preached in the church of which Mr. Long was an
officer. On such occasions, and at other times when his
family was absent, he often became a guest at Mr. Long's
hospitable home, and social visits between the respective
families were frequent and highly enjoyed by both.
In all measures, therefore, taken for the protection of
Mr. Lovejoy from the persecutions that were bearing him

PERSONAL EXPERIENCES OF M. H. LONG. 9 1
down, Mr. Long took' a prompt and active part. And the
necessity for constant vigilance on the part of those friends
of free speech was frequently demonstrated. Dr. Willard
says: "It wsis frequently thought best to defend Mr. Love
joy's home; a company from Upper Alton went down
several times; and more than once I saw to it that my
father's shot-gun was in order for use in this war, with
plenty of ammunition."
An incident related by M. H. Long of his personal
experience is another illustration. A social gathering at a
private house in Upper Alton was had one afternoon and
evening at which Mr. Lovejoy and wife were present, also
Mr. and Mrs. Enoch Long. Their boy Hastings (M. H.)
had been left at home with his brother-in-law. Dr. P. W.
Randle. The doctor being obliged to go out early in the
evening, advised young Hastings to fasten the house
securely, as from the disturbed condition of affairs he felt
some apprehensions that such a course might be best.
The boy took a hammer and repaired to the summer-
kitchen in the rear of the house to secure the window, by
driving a nail over the sash. Before beginning his work,
he cast a glance toward the outer door, and was startled
by seeing the crouching figure of a man peering in, with
the evident intention of entering. The frightened boy
flung his hammer at the intruder, and rushed back into the
house, calling his brother-in-law, who quickly made search
about the premises; but the prowler had disappeared. On
the same evening, some of the guests at the house where
Mr. Lovejoy was visiting saw the face of a man at one of
the windows, gazing into the room. It was subsec[uently

92 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
learned that emissaries were out, endeavoring to ascertain
where Mr. Lovejoy was on that evening; but learning that
he was with resolute friends, no attempt was made to
molest him.
The new company, of which mention is made at the
close of last chapter, first had occasion to demonstrate
their mettle at a meeting held on the 30th October, at the
Presbyterian church in Lower Alton, where the friends of
free speech were addressed by Rev. Edward Beecher, then
president of Illinois College. The incident is thus described
by Mr. Tanner: "Mr. Beecher's discourse was interrupted
for a short time in consequence of a stone being cast
through one of the church windows, and he probably
would have been mobbed then but for the fact that the
mayor was in the meeting, and we had made provision to
repel any attack. The moment the stone was thrown, my
brother, who was in the gallery, called our company "to
arms!" and in a few moments the church door was flanked
on either side by a row of armed men, whom it was not
safe for a mob to attack. Enoch Long and A. W. Corey
were among the citizens in line. Mr. Beecher went on with
his discourse to the close, and as the people retired, the
mayor called on outsiders to disperse."
Dr. Willard also alludes to this meetine: "The meetine
of October 30th was notable as showing the effect of a few
determined and organized men upon the mob. As the
company were going to their hall after Mr. Beecher's ser
mon, they were interrupted by a crowd of the mob; but a
collision between the head of a mobite and the breech of
a gun in the hands of Moses G. Atwood was sufficient to

PRO-SLAVERY MEN OVERRIDE ORDERLY CITIZENS. 93
clear the way. Another gang tried to waylay Mr. Love
joy, who had to walk nearly a mile to his home; but he
had exchanged his wide-brimmed white hat for a cap, and
passed unrecognized. Then his house was attacked; but
when he appeared, with a rifle in hand, the gang fled."
On the 2d of November, a meeting of citizens of Alton
was held at the counting-room of Messrs. John Hogan &
Co., for the purpose, as 'the call stated, of "taking into con
sideration the present excited state of public sentiment in
the city, growing out of the discussion of the abolition
question." At this meeting. Rev. Edward Beecher was
present, and offered a series of resolutions prepared by
himself and W. S. Oilman. They declared in substance
that every citizen may freely speak, write, and print on
any subject, being responsible for the abuse of that liberty ;
that the question of abuse must be decided by a civil court
and in accordance with law — not by an irresponsible and
unorganized portion of the community, be it great or
small; that the maintenance of these principles should be
independent of all regard to persons or sentiments; that
they should especially be maintained in cases of unpopular
persons or sentiments, for in no others will effort be needed ;
"that these principles demand the protection of the editor
and of the press of the Alton Observer, on grounds of prin
ciple solely, and altogether disconnected with approbation
of his sentiments, personal character, or course as editor of
the paper."
The adoption of the resolutions was opposed by Hon.
U. F. Linder and others, and were finally referred to a
committee with instructions to report to an adjourned

94 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
meeting. Mr. Linder was then attorney-general of the
State of Illinois and had been prominent in disturbing
and endeavoring to defeat the object of the Anti-Slavery
Convention on the 26th and 27th October, as previously
narrated. The committee appointed to consider the reso
lutions consisted of Hon. Cyrus Edwards, then a member
of the Legislature, brother of Hon. Ninian Edwards, ex-
governor of Illinois, and subsequently himself Whig can
didate for governor, Hon. U. F. Linder, Rev. John Hogan,
Winthrop S. Oilman, Stephen Griggs, H. G. Van Wagenen,
and Thos. G. Hawley.
The adjourned meeting was held on the afternoon of
the next day at the court-house. A resolution was first
passed excluding from participation in the meeting all not
citizens of Madison County. This was to prevent Rev.
Mr. Beecher taking part, as he resided at Jacksonville,
Morgan County. The committee, through Hon. Cyrus
Edwards, reported that it was inexpedient to pass the
resolutions referred to them; that they "demanded too
much and conceded too little"; that "there must be a
mutual sacrifice of prejudices, opinions, and interests", etc..
The committee presented six resolutions of their own,
the gist of which lay in the one that declared it "a matter
indispensable to the peace and harmony of this community
that the labors and influence of the late editor of the Alton
Observer be no longer identified with any newspaper estab
lishment in the city." Mr. Oilman protested against the
views of the committee, but he was alone.
• The meeting not only adopted the resolution above
quoted, but voted down one reported by the committee.

A NEW PRESS ARRIVES AT ALTON. 95
recommending the establishment of a properly-conducted
religious newspaper, and another repudiating all reflections
upon the private character of Mr. Lovejoy. Thus was
presented, in plain inference, a direct invitation by a large
body of the leading citizens of Alton to the mob spirit to
put down by violence any further exercise by Mr. Lovejoy
of his constitutional right to print and publish his free
thoughts. The invitation soon bore fruit. At midnight on the 6th
November, 1837, the steamer Missouri Fulton landed at
Alton wharf with the new press and material on board.
A preconcerted arrangement with the captain had been
made that the boat should arrive at that late hour, and the
entire company, organized as previously stated to defend
the press, was then to receive it. About sixty men, well
organized and fully armed, were stationed in and about
Godfrey & Oilman's warehouse, to which the press was
conveyed, and they remained there during the night. The
mayor, Hon. John M. Krum, was present by special request
when the press was landed, and all arrangements were
made with his sanction. He told the company that he
would make them all special constables and order them to
fire upon the mob if any appeared. A horn was heard to
blow, presumably as a signal to the mob, but none came
to make any hostile demonstrations.
During the day of the 7th, all was quiet in the city, and
nothing was heard by Mr. Lovejoy's friends to indicate
that the press would be molested where it lay on storage.
It did not seem necessary that the whole company would
be needed to guard the warehouse on that night, and

96 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
although many assembled there, only about twenty
remained for that duty later than nine o'clock. Follow
ing are the names of that historic band, as given in Mr.
Tanner's book:
Elijah P. Lovejoy, killed by the mob.
Amos B. Roff, store dealer (wounded), afterward re
moved to St. Louis; died there.
Royal Weller, firm of Gerry & Weller (wounded);
afterward married the widow of Mr. Lovejoy; is dead.
Winthrop S. Oilman, merchant, now of firm of Gil-
man, Son & Co., bankers, New-York City; lives at SparkiU,
Pahsades, N.Y.
Henry Tanner, merchant, now living at Buffalo, N.Y.
William Harned, hotel-keeper, a Kentuckian; after
ward removed to a farm near Alton and died there.
James Morse, Jr., died in 1865.
John S. Noble, firm of VanAntwerp & Noble; is dead.
Edward Breath, printer; afterward became mission
ary to Persia, and died there.
Reuben Gerry, firm of Gerry & Walworth; dead.
Geo. H. Walworth, firm of Gerry & Walworth; dead.
J. C. Woods, blacksmith; died about 185 i, at Alton.
Geo. H. Whitney, druggist, firm of Willard & Whit
ney; dead.
Enoch Long, merchant. Upper Alton; died, July 19,
1 88 1, at Sabula, Iowa.
Rev. Thaddeus B. Hurlbut, pastor of Presbyterian
Church of Upper Alton; still living there.
George T. Brown, boy of sixteen or seventeen, from

deacon long made captain of a company. 97
Upper Alton ; he left the building early in the evening and
could not return; he is still living at Alton, 111.
Samuel J. Thompson, carpenter from Upper Alton;
afterward went to Mobile, Ala., and died there about 1840.
D. Burt Loomis, son of Rev. Hubbell Loomis, Upper
Alton, then salesman in store of Godfrey & Oilman; still
living at Stillwater, Minn.
Daniel F. Randle, clerk in house of Flagg & North ;
afterward went to CaUfornia; do not know whether still
living or not.
H. D. Davis, do not know if living or dead.
Reuben D. Farley, carpenter; afterward became a
physician; still living in Jerseyville, III.
J. Norman Brown, carpenter; went into the building
after hostilities commenced and remained to assist the
besieged. It being known that Enoch Long had seen military ser
vice, and he also being the oldest man present, it was sug
gested that he act as commander or "captain" of the little
company for the evening. This was put to a formal vote
and carried, and he assumed charge.* About ten o'clock
it became evident that a mob was gathering.
The press was stored in the third story of a building
standing upon the shore of the Mississippi River, which at
that place flows nearly east. On the river side the build
ing showed a height of three stories and basement, but
the slope of the bank gave it only three stories on the
street at its north end. A door from the basement opened
,* See next chapter.
7

98 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
toward the river on the south and another on the west side
opened on a vacant lot or street leading to the river. In
this vacant space a large steam boUer lay and some lumber
was piled. The basement and street doors were barricaded
with sacks of salt, and the little company stationed behind
them, expecting them to be broken in. It was a bright
moonlight night, and the mob could be plainly seen
gathering near the building, most of them with arms, a
hooting and yelling and blowing tin horns. Liquor seemed
to be flowly freely among them. Their first demonstration
was made by a part of the mob filing in line on the river
front. They knocked and hailed, calling for Mr. Oilman.
He appeared at the second story door, when they demanded
Mr. Lovejoy's press. Mr. Oilman replied that they were
there to defend it, and declined to give it up. One William
Carr (who was one of the secretaries of the false anti-slavery
convention, mentioned in Chapter X.) raised his pistol to
fire when Mr. Oilman vyas pulled away by his associates.
Attack on the building soon commenced by volleys of
stones, breaking the windows at the north end, and by
firing of guns. A consultation among the besieged took
place, and some urged a concentrated fire upon the mob
at once, but "Captain" Long declined to order it, as it
would involve a large sacrifice of life that he regarded then
as unjustifiable and useless. Soon a more determined
effort to force an entrance into the building came, and he
ordered one of the men to fire in return for their shot
which entered the building. The shot hit one of the mob,
named Lyman Bishop, and he died before he could be
taken from the ground.

ELIJAH P. LOVEJOY FATALLY SHOT. 99
This had the effect of checking the mob, who retired for
a short time, but soon returned, filled with rage and whis
ky, and declared that they would burn the building. A
ladder was brought and placed against the west side of
the building, near the north end, and tar-balls prepared to
throw upon the roof No windows were on that side of
the building, so that the party inside could not readily
defend it against that mode of attack. Mr. Long, how
ever, in speaking of the affair, says that he stationed him
self at a window in the upper story, from which, by leaning
out, he had the man climbing the ladder in plain view. He
aimed at and would certainly have shot the man, but his
gun failed to discharge. It was a new one, and had evi
dently not primed because of dust in the bottom of the
barrel. Another party of four or five passed out of the
south basement door and around the southwest corner of
the building, and fired from there at the man on the ladder.
They retiirned, and then Mr. Lovejoy and Royal Weller
ventured out a second time, when they were fired upon by
men stationed behind the lumber piles on the levee. Both
were hit; Mr. Lovejoy fatally, five balls having entered his.
body; Mr. Weller only slightly. Mr. Lovejoy had strength
to run up one flight of stairs into the counting-room, where
he soon expired. Mr. Long says he was at the unfortunate
man's side when he died. Amos B. Roff also ventured to
show himself outside of the building, and was struck by a.
bullet in the ankle.
The roof was now burning from a tar-ball that had beeni
lodged upon it, and the mob was preparing to blow up the
building or force an entrance by rolling the steam boiler„

100 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
before mentioned, against the west basement door and
placing a keg of powder between it and the door. At
this juncture, two prominent citizens, Edward Keating (a
lawyer) and Henry H. West (a merchant), who had, earlier
in the evening, been in the building urging the defenders
to give up the press and avoid bloodshed, again demanded
a parley and were admitted. They offered, on behalf of
the mob, that if the party in the building would leave, they
would not be fired upon, that no property would be de
stroyed except the press, and the fire in the roof would be
extinguished. W. S. Oilman says of this juncture: "The choice being
between two evils, viz.: the burning of our warehouse, with
goods valued at many thousands of dollars, — some the
property of third parties — and the consequent destruction
of the press; or giving up the press with an agreement
that nothing else should be destroyed, and that we should
not be fired upon when leaving the building; we accepted
the latter alternative. An additional reason for this decision
was the fact that we had been in conflict about two hours
and the church-bell had bell ringing, but no help had come
to us from the civil authorities, the majority of whom
appeared to sympathize with the mob. * * * p^)-
what confidence can be placed in an agreement made by
a mob.' We were fired on whilst leaving the building, and
the outlaws came in and made their gross remarks about
the dead lion, whose body then lay in our counting-room,
and whose blood had consecrated the soil of Alton."
To carry out his agreement that the fire on the roof
should be extinguished, Mr. West was himself obliged to

THE DEFENDERS FIRED UPON BY THE MOB. lOI
ascend the ladder, carrying water in his silk hat, and throw
upon the burning tar-ball, which, fortunately, had not yet
burned through the roof
Leaving Mr., S. J.Thompson in charge of the dead body
of Mr. Lovejoy and the two wounded men, the rest of the
little band of defenders secreted their arms and left the
building in a body. In violation of the terms of surren
der, they were fired upon by the mob as soon as they
appeared in sight, but, protected by the sloping ground,
the shots passed harmlessly over their heads.
The press was taken out and destroyed, and the pro-
slavery mob seemed to have fully triumphed. But how
little they understood the spirit of American manhood!
The destruction of that press, with its dastardly accompa
niment of violence and murder, unmuzzled hundreds of
other presses and voices, and from that day the institution
of slavery was doomed.
Mr, Lovejoy's body was conveyed the next morning by
a few friends to his late home, where, on the following day,
a sad, almost silent funeral was held. Mr. Tanner says:
" The burial service was simple, consisting merely of
prayers by Mr. Lovejoy's constant friend. Rev. Thomas
Lippincott; no remarks being made lest the mob should
disturb the last sacred rites of our beloved friend. There
had been no inquest over his body, no flowers were strewn
upon his coffin. Mob-law not only reigned, but was insult
ingly triumphant. It was thought that the silence of
death, under such circumstances, well became the burial of
liberty."

CHAPTER XII.
Modest disclaimer of Deacon Long entitled to full credit of being
Captain of the Company — Recollections of Henry Tanner, Win
throp S. Oilman, and Dr. Samuel Willard — Deacon Long a man
of deeds more than words — Dr. Willard would have given the
Mob "a little more grape".
Deacon Long, in a conversation during the later years
of his life, disclaimed having had any special authority or
command over the defenders of Mr. Lovejoy's press on the
memorable night of November 7th, 1837. Indeed, the fact
seems to have been that coherence of organization and
concert of action was maintained for a very short time
oiily; that, during the greater part of the struggle, every
man of the little band acted independently or as seemed
to him best; and Mr. Long may well have forgotten, with
the lapse of years, that he was at any time expected to do
more than advise and consult with his associates as to the
best plans of proceeding.
The writer of this sketch having read in Tanner's "Mar
tyrdom of Lovejoy" the statement that Mr. Long was
chosen "Captain", addressed a note to the author of that
work, and afterward, at Mr. Tanner's suggestion, to Win
throp S. Oilman, asking those gentlemen to refresh their
memories on this point, and to detail any further incidents

LETTERS OF TANNER AND OILMAN. 103
that might be within their recollections in connection
therewith. The replies will interest our readers, and we
append them here: "Buffalo, Sept. 23d, 1882.
"Harvey Reid, Esq., Sabula, Iowa.
''Dear Sir: — Yours of 20th came to hand yesterday,
inquiring about my statement of Dea. Long being captain
of the small band in Godfrey & Oilman's building on the
night of 7th Nov., 1837. I have not made any wild state
ment regarding that event or anything connected with it.
Mr. Long was regularly elected by vote and assumed the
charge. When at one time a proposition was made for
some concentrated fire on the mob, he replied that such a
proceeding would be a useless sacrifice of life, and if the
time came to justify it he would select or order some one
to fire, and he thought that would disperse the mob.
"The shot that killed Bishop was after full consultation
with him and with his approval. Mr. Willard's statement
shows that he, as an outsider, well knew that Deacon Long
was the recognized head that night; and no one gave Mr.
W. any information not well understood by all our friends.
I am surprised at the statement that Dea. Long disclaimed
any command on that night. I have stated in the book
you allude to that there was no concert of action after the
killing of Bishop, and probably no order was given after
that by Dea. Long; but that he was freely consulted after
that as our recognized leader I well know. I do not know
what further proof I can give you substantiating my state
ment, except, perhaps, it would be well for you to write
Mr. W. S. Oilman, and should he write me, I could give

104 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
him a few points of private matters that would settle his
mind, if, indeed, he can have any need to have his mind
strengthened on that point, which I do not think he would.
* * * I wish you would write him on the point in
question, and may be well to send him this letter and have
him add to it what he would say on the subject.
"Yours truly,
"Henry Tanner,
" 1 1 Whitney Place, Buffalo, N.Y."
"Sparkill, New York, 29 Sept., 1882.
"Harvey Reid, Esq.:
"Dear Sir: — In accordance with your request of 25th
inst., I have to state that, as far as I can recall the facts,
Mr. Tanner's statements are correct as to the choice of the
late Enoch Long to command the little force in the ware
house of Godfrey, Oilman & Co., on the night of the Love
joy riot. Twenty men, after awaiting behind a "small
barricade, ex[)ecting the doors to be broken in, and the
mob not succeeding in accomplishing that, were scattered
over the building; and I do not remember seeing Deacon
Long again. He was a brave man, who 'rewarded his
deeds by doing them,' and not by talking much. Such
quiet, determined people are liable to pass without much
observation, and so, as I remember, it was with my old
friend that evening. His modesty ran parallel with his
merit, and I do not wonder that he did not consider that
he had much charge more than others, though he was our
choice as leader. "Yours very respectfully,
"Winthrop S. Oilman."

STATEMENT OF DR. SAMUEL WILLARD. 105
The illusions to this matter in the book referred to are
as follows:
Mr. Tanner says: "We had, early in the evening, selected
for our captain, Enoch Long, who had seen some service,
thinking that occasion might require concerted action on
our part. His method of defence was much milder than
some of us advocated, for we considered it best to fire on
the mob and make short work of it; but he commanded
that no one should shoot without his order, an order which,
from mistaken motives of mercy, he hesitated to give
until it was too late to intimidate the besiegers."
Dr. Samuel Willard, in appendix to same book, says:
"The forbearance of the men inside emboldened the mob.
I have long been accustomed to say that it was a pity that
Henry Tanner was not commander that night in place of
the aged, mild, and courteous Deacon Enoch Long. The
crisis required either vigorous fighting and a Napoleonic
movement upon the enemy, or Quaker non-resistance."
This passage is what is alluded to in Mr. Tanner's letter
above given. Whether the further sacrifice of life demanded
by these critics was necessary or justifiable is a question
we do not propose to discuss here, but simply call attention
to the fact that Mr. Long's views seem to have met the
approval of his associates at the time, with the exception
of one or two,

CHAPTER XIII.
Deacon Long a Railroad Contractor — Without active business in
1840 — in 1841 tries his Fortunes again in the Galena Lead-Mines
— In 1843, removes his family from Alton to Galena — Engages in
the Lumber business — A hard Struggle — Church matters in
Galena — The Work of Deacon Long in the Churches there —
Removes to Sabula, Iowa, in 1863.
Mr. Long's mercantile business having been closed, as
narrated in Chapter IX., in a manner highly honorable to
himself, although far from profitable, he wasted no time in
useless repining, but sought at once other channels of
activity. A railroad had been projected, and was in
course of construction from Alton to Brighton, 13 miles
distant. The only railroads then known were laid with
what was called "strap rail" — a flat bar of iron bolted to
a timber, and that timber again bolted to the cross ties.
Such a superstructure of course required a large amount
of timber, and Mr. Long, in company with several others,
took the contract to furnish that required for the railroad
from Alton to Brighton.
The greater part of the years 1838 and 1839, was occu
pied in this enterprise, when the railroad company failed
and the project was abandoned. Mr. Long and associates
succeeded, however, in barely saving themselves from loss.
During the year 1840, he was without any regular business

GOES AGAIN TO THE LEAD-MINES. I07
or employment, and when the spring of 1841 came, he
resolved to again try his fortunes in the Galena lead-
mines. And sorely they needed mending since his entire
capital at this time was reduced to the paltry sum of sixty
dollars. His oldest son, M. H., then a lad of sixteen
years, accompanied him, and they labored in the mines,
but with poor success, until fall, when they returned to
Upper Alton. In the spring of 1842, they again repaired
to the mines, and remained an entire year, returning in the
spring of 1843; and a third venture was made, in the fall
of that year, by Mr. Long, accompanied by his youngest
son, Stephen H. None of these mining enterprises proved
successful, and in the spring of 1844, he resolved to change
his occupation. He removed his family from Upper Alton
to Galena, and engaged as clerk in Messrs. Bradley &
Ripley's lumber-yard and office at a salary of three hun
dred dollars a year. He remained in the employ of this
firm until Jan. I, 1849, when he was engaged by Messrs.
Carson & Eaton to take charge of their lumber-yard at a
salary of five hundred dollars per year, and continued
with them until they closed out their business in the sum
mer of 1856.
During these years of struggle with adverse circum
stances, the devoted wife insisted upon also bearing a part
in the task of endeavoring to rebuild their shattered for
tunes, and so they kept boarders for most of the time.
As an evidence that they had not forgotten their old New-
England habits of thrift and economy, it may be men
tioned that, while working for what at this day seems
extremely low salaries, Mr. Long built and paid for a

I08 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
good brick residence. Nor did he at all relax his labors
in and for the church and Sabbath-school, nor cease to
contribute to their support freely and as liberally as his
circumstances would allow. His church affiliation in
Galena was at first with the Presbyterian denomination.
Himself and wife and two sons united with the First Pres
byterian Church in June, 1845. It was then under the
pastorate of that honored old pioneer preacher. Rev. Aratus
Kent. He had organized that church in Galena Oct. 28th,
183 1, and continued to minister to it until 1848.
In 1845, the membership of the First Church had out
grown its accomodatives, and the Second Presbyterian
Church was formed from a part of its membership in Sep
tember of that year. Mr. and Mrs. Long and their son
Stephen were among the original thirty-five members of
the Second Church. In January, 1846, Mr. Long was
chosen a deacon of the church, and, in October, 1850, was
elected as one of its elders. He held this office until
November, i860, when the First and Second Presbyterian
Churches were again consolidated into one, and he was at
once elected an elder of the consolidated church.
The first minister of the Second Church was Rev. N
M. Wells from Michigan. In April, 1848, Rev. Geo. F
Magoun, now the distinguished President of Iowa College
at Grinnell, Iowa, became its pastor. He was succeeded,
in January, 1852, by Rev. T. T. Waterman, who was fol
lowed, in January, 1857, by Rev. H. R. Dunham, who died
during his pastorate, April 29th, 1858. The last pastor of
the Second Church was Rev. W. B. Christopher, who entered
upon his duties in April, 1859, and resigned in July, i860.

CHURCH MATTERS IN GALENA. 109
As before stated, the church was consolidated with the
First Church u\ November of the same year. Mr. Long's
associates in the eldership of his churches were at different
dates: Chas. S. Hempstead, W. H. Bradley (now Clerk
U. S. District Court for Northern Illinois, and residing at
Chicago), 0. W. Campbell, (wholesale grocer), and Joshua
Brooks, (book dealer).
In December, 1862, Mr. Long resigned as elder, and
withdrew from the Presbyterian Church for the purpose of
uniting with the Congregational Society, which had been
formed the preceding year mainly by seceders from the
Presbyterians. Deacon Long's principal cause of dissatis
faction with his old church was that they had withdrawn
their support from the Home Missionary Society, with
whose work the good deacon had long taken a deep
interest. The upholding of new and feeble churches
among the heterogeneous populace of our great West
appealed strongly to the sympathies of his pioneer heart.
He knew much of their trials and difficulties, and was
disposed to insist that some portion of his contributions
to his church treasury must go to provide that "the poor
shall have the gospel preached to them."*
* For the principal details of Dea. Long's church affiliations and work in
Galena, we are indebted to a memorandum kindly furnished by Deacon Joshua
Brooks, who was, for many years, clerk of the Presbyterian churches there.
Dea. Brooks says in a letter to M. H. Long : — " For seventeen years your
father and mother were identified with the church work, being active in every
good word and work. The experience of the one and the amiable life of the
other made them valuable members of our Society. We recall their earthly
life with pleasure, and rejoice in the certain assurance of the heavenly reward
they now enjoy."

no SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
In 1856, as has been mentioned, Messrs. Carson &
Eaton closed business in Galena, and Mr. Long immedi
ately after, in partnership with his son, M. H., opened a
lumber-yard at the Carson & Eaton "stand". There they
carried on a fairly successful business until the spring of
1863, when they concluded to remove to Sabula, Iowa.
Closing out their stock in Galena, Mr. M. H. Long came
to Sabula early in the spring and opened a yard, but his
father and mother did not remove until September, 1863.
Thus was formed the firm of E. & M. H. Long, and the
large lumber business of the survivor is still carried on in
that firm name at Sabula. In 1868, they built a saw-mill
on the banks of the Mississippi there, and since that time
have manufactured their own lumber.

CHAPTER XIV.
Life at Sabula — Takes up Church and Sabbath-school work — His
teachings and example — The building of a new Church — Dr.
Magoun, Deacon Long's old pastor at Galena preaches the dedi
cation sermon — His attendance at the dedication among the last
acts of his life — Death of Mrs. Long, the beloved wife— Happy
married life — The foster children — Touching devotion of a grand
daughter — The birthday gathering — His failing health, but vigor
of mind — It gives way at last — He breathes his last July ig, 1881.
The life of Deacon Long at Sabula was the calm, peace
ful, honored close of a well-spent career. Connecting
himself at once with the Congregational Church of that
town, — of which Rev. Oliver Emerson, a pioneer of that
denomination in Iowa, was then pastor — he became its
principal mainstay and support. P"rom its regular Sab
bath services, its prayer meetings, and its Sabbath-school
he was never absent so long as his feeble strength would
permit his presence. To its Sabbath-school he brought a
long life's experience; the enthusiasm of devoted love for
its work, and an ardent desire to lead the steps of the
young and thoughtless to the feet of that Saviour whose
love had so crowned his own life with peace. He formed
a Bible-class of young ladies and gentlemen mostly, and
for nearly seventeen years was its instructor. Its person
nel, during those years, was constantly changing; the girls

112 SKETCFI OF ENOCH LONG.
and boys grew into womanhood and manhood, and
through the holy bonds of matrimony, were welded into
new homes; new duties pressed upon them, and their
places in the Bible-class were filled by a younger genera
tion pressing forward; but in all their future lives, Dea.
Long's teachings and example became a strong force by
which they are guided — not always consciously, perhaps —
and many communities contain better men and women
than they might have done but for the unselfish devotion
of our noble old friend. To each member of his class was
presented a card photograph of their teacher, and there
are but few homes in Sabula today in which the family
album does not contain, carefully cherished, the beloved
lineaments of Deacon Enoch Long.
The Congregational Church edifice, in use at Sabula
when Deacon Long and his son made their homes there,
was a small, plain structure, built in 1852, of the mixture
of small rock and pebbles, with lime mortar, called here
"grout" or concrete. The desire for a more commodious
and tasty structure grew in force with the Church Society
and citizens generally as years went on, and Deacon Long
fully shared that feeling. The society, however, was small
and its members not wealthy, so that nothing was done to
further that desire until the spring of 1873, when, under
the pastorate of Rev. F. Herbrechter, an earnest effort was
made to secure the erection of a new building, such as
might be a credit to the town and satisfactory to its
attendants. Deacon Long became the largest subscriber
to the fund pledged for the construction of the building.
His son was also a liberal contributor, and the firm (E. &

ASSISTS TO BUILD NEW CHURCH. II3
M. H. Long) agreed to advance whatever might be neces
sary to complete it, should the amount subscribed prove
insufficient and await future contributions for their reim
bursement. The church cost $5075. The amount sub
scribed was only $2625, so Messrs. Longs found it neces
sary to advance $2450. After the lapse of three years,
nothing having been paid by the church on their indebted
ness. Deacon Long, unwilling to see the full dedication
of the Lords house to his service longer postponed,
proposed that if the society would raise money enough
to pay one-half the indebtedness, which, with interest,
now amounted to $2800, he would himself assume the
other half By strenuous exertions, $1400 was secured in
small subscriptions; M. H. Long made another liberal
donation, but the greater .part of the balance was contri
buted by the old gentleman, and thus again, as at Upper
Alton, he had the privilege of being the principal means
by which a "House of the Lord" was provided for His
service; albeit, in both cases, the circumstances were such
as would try the patience of any man less imbued with
the spirit of his Divine Master.
The church thus erected at Sabula is a tasty edifice of
brick, with a symmetrical tower and spire rising from one
corner. It was formally dedicated to God on Sunday,
June i6th, 1876; the services being conducted by the dis
tinguished Geo. F. Magoun, D.D., then, as now. President
of Iowa College at Grinnell, Iowa, assisted by Rev. Oliver
Emerson of Miles, Iowa, who was the pioneer minister of
Sabula, having first organized the Congregational Society
there. Dr. Magoun had been, many years before, pastor

114 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
of the church in Galena of which Dea. Long was a
member. His attendance at this dedication was among the last
public acts of our honored old friend's life. Already 85
years of age, the infirmities of his years rested heavily
upon him. He felt that his departure from the scenes of
this life could not be much longer delayed, and he rejoiced
at being able to do so much while he lived toward provid
ing another community with a tabernacle wherein they
might worship God.
Soon after Deacon Long's removal to Sabula, he was
called upon to face the greatest loss of his life. The
beloved wife, who for half a century had shared his joys
and sorrows; in adversity and trial, as well as in pros
perity, had been a helpmeet indeed, departed hence to
assume the robes of immortality on the 14th day of Octo
ber, 1865. To add to the poignancy of grief at the loss,
it was not permitted that her death should take place in
the sacred precincts of home, although it was among sin
cere and honored friends. Like her husband, Mrs. Long
ever took a deep interest in all the work of the church,
and lent her aid to its missions and philanthropic enter
prises wherever practicable. The American Board of
Foreign Missions met in the City of Chicago in October,
1865, and Mrs. Long visited that city for the purpose of
attending its meetings, becoming the guest of her old
Galena friends and neighbors, Mr. and Mrs. W. H. Bradley.
By the unwonted change of air, or exposure to the lake
winds, she contracted a cold, which soon developed into
pneumonia, assuming the typhoid character, and before

DEATH OF MRS. LONG. I15
she could be removed to her home, she was past earthly.
help. Filled with a cheerful reliance upon the wisdom of
Divine Providence, she, almost with her last breath,
expressed her readiness to depart if such should be God's
will. Her grief-stricken husband was enabled to reach her
bedside and be with her in the last sad hour. He accom
panied the remains to their home in .Sabula, where they
were interred in the presence of a large concourse of sor
rowing friends and neighbors.
Seldom, indeed, has the matrimonial link united two
persons who were more thoroughly in harmony in thought
and purpose than Mr. and Mrs. Enoch Long. In work
and in pleasure, in church and in social relations, their
aims and their sympathies were as one; and in all of Mr.
Long's hardships and adversities, he ever felt that he could
count upon the cheerful support and loving counsel of his
intelligent, faithful wife. We have taken occasion to note
many instances of her ready helpfulness in the course of
this narrative. She took an active and intelligent interest
in the affairs of the great world, being an eager reader of
the public prints J^ and it was her habit to cut out and pre
serve in scrap-books, and other convenient places, some
thing of interest, especially those of a religious nature,
from nearly all the newspapers that she had access to. It
is now a matter of great regret to her son and family that,
in their several removals, these scraps were destroyed, as
they became old. Many of them would now be of price
less value.
Toward lonely and helpless orphans the hearts of this
worthy couple ever went out with loving pity, and they

Il6 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
always rejoiced when they were enabled to make lighter
the burdens of those bereft. To Sabula with them came
members of two orphan families. Misses Mary and Mar
garet Mace and Mr. Wm. H. Bahne; and they were of
Mr. Long's household for several years, until, indeed, they
went forth to help form happy homes of their own.
Miss Margaret Mace was married soon after Mr. Long's
death to Charles F. Berg, now of the Emmert Proprietary
Co., Monroe St., Chicago, and their home is in that city.
Miss Mary became her foster-father's housekeeper after
her sister's marriage until she too was sought in marriage,
and bestowed her hand upon a Mr. Hurlbut. They
removed immediately to his home in California, where the
young wife's life was soon cut off by that fell destroyer,
consumption. Mr. Bahne was among the first of those who enlisted
from Galena to serve his country in the war of the Rebel
lion. He became a member of Co. F., I2th la. Infantry,
under command of Col. A. L. Chetlain; participated in
the battles of Fort Donelson, Sliiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg,
and the Atlanta campaign; reenlisted at the end of his
three years' service, but was soon discharged for disability
arising from a severe attack of pneumonia; again enlisted,
after partial recovery of his health, in Gen. Hancock's
Veteran Corps, and was among the last of the volunteer
army mustered out of service, having served in all more
than four years. He still resides in Sabula.
After Mary Mace's marriage, the superintendence of
Deacon Long's household was assumed by his eldest
granddaughter, Miss Lucia M. Long, and for over eleven

THE BIRTHDAY GATHERINGS. II7
years his lonely life was cheered by the loving care and
skill of this estimable young lady. Until the last sad
scene of her grandfather's life on earth had closed, she
never relaxed her devoted attention to his comfort, to
which even needed recreation was ever made subservient.
It was a beautiful custom of Miss Long and her father's
famil}^ to observe each anniversary of the old gentleman's
birthday by a social gathering of friends and neighbors at
his home to exchange greetings and pass the evening in
social converse. The i6th of October was thus never
allowed to pass without a cheering reminder to the old
patriarch that he was loved and honored by the commu
nity in which he had cast his lot. Before dispersing to
their homes, it was the invariable custom at these gather
ings to join with their venerable host in singing a hymn of
praise to God who had preserved his life for another year,
and to unite in heart and spirit with him while he talked
with his Divine Master in prayer, in that childlike trust
and humility that characterized him, as though conversing
with a dear Friend in whose justice and mercy he could
implicitly confide. Deacon Long loved to sing, and his
clear, strong tenor voice so held its power, even in extreme
old age, as to attract attention from all who heard it.
His energy and force of mind were wonderful. His
residence in Galena had been near the summit of one of
the hills or bluffs surrounding that city, and was approached
in part by steps or stairs in the sidewalk. The severe
exercise of climbing these so frequently for many years,
had stiffened and crippled his lower limbs, making locomo
tion a slow and painful task. After about his eightieth

Il8 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
year, he was obliged to use two canes to support his steps,
and for the last two years of his life, could walk only when
assisted by some friendly arm. Yet he never, until about
a year before, his death, allowed a day to pass, whatever
might be the weather, that he did not repair to his office
and personally superintend his business in its financial
affairs and office work. Such was his remarkable vigor of
constitution and vitality, imparted by habits of correct and
temperate living, that he was very seldom detained at
home through sickness or any bodily ailment.
But, alas! to the relentless march of time, all must at
last succumb. Year by year, the feebleness of old age
was visibly undermining our old friend's physical vigor,
and ere long, the strong brain began, likewise, to feel the
withering touch of age.
For the last six months of his life, his friends were com
pelled to note with grief that his mind failed to retain its
wonted grasp upon affairs. At intervals his wonderful
memory that had ever been a marvel to his friends and a
source of pride to himself, seemed utterly gone; he would
fail to recognize his most intimate friends. Then he would
revive and for some weeks give evidence that his native
strength of mind \\'as regaining its force, but such improve
ment would be temporary only, and he grew gradually
weaker. As the warm weather of the summer of 1881 approached,
it seemed to make demands upon his vitality that his
enfeebled .system could not sustain, and at 9 a.m., July
19th, he peacefully breathed his last — utterly worn out.
Those who watched at his bedside during that last night

DEATH OF ENOCH LONG. I 19
and morning, say that his lips moved constantly in prayer;
sometimes audible, but mostly voiceless — mental commun
ings with that Maker whose face he was soon to see.

CHAPTER XV.
Funeral of Deacon Long — Buried in Evergreen Cemetery — Universal
Sorrow — Tributes paid his memory — Letters of Rev. Dr. Magoun
and Ex-Minister E. B. Washburne.
The funeral obsequies of Deacon Long were as simple
and unostentatious as his life had been. At lO a.m. of
Thursday, July 2 1st, his remains, enshrined in their last
narrow abode, were borne in the loving hands of six aged
men, selected from his associates in the Sabula Pioneer
Society, from his residence to the handsome church he
had loved so well. Almost the entire community, and
many from the surrounding country and neighboring
towns had assembled to pay their last tribute of respect
to one whom all had honored and revered in life. The
services were conducted by Rev. James Alderson, pastor
of the Congregational Church, assisted by Rev. C. A.
Hawn, pastor of the M. E. Church of Sabula, and Rev.
N. A. Kimball, a retired M. E. clergyman.
The Sabula Society of Union Veterans, composed of
those who had served their country during its wars, had
been proud to bear upon its rolls the name of Enoch
Long as a member, and he had ever manifested a deep
interest in its work and objects. They now sought and
obtained the privilege of forming an escort to the funeral

GENERAL ORDERS CALLING THE VETERANS. 121
cortege of their departed comrade. So he was borne from
his home to the church, and from thence to the cemetery,
with the sweetly solemn music of dirges played on a fife
and muffled drums.
Comrade Long had played the fife in camp and on the
march sixty-eight years before on the Niagafa frontier,
and those who, in later years, followed the flag that he
leved, insisted that martial music only should accompany
the old soldier's funeral.
We append the General Order calling the Veterans to
this escort duty:
"Headquarters Society of Union Veterans, No. i.
"General Order, No. 6. Sabula, Iowa, Jtdy igth, 1881.
"Comrades: — The Death Angel has descended and
torn from our ranks an honored and beloved comrade and
friend. Comrade Enoch Long — a veteran of the war of
1812 — departed this life at 9 a.m., Tuesday, July 19th,
1 88 1, in the ninety-first year of his age, full of years of
rare usefulness and devotion to duty, to the honor and ser
vice of his Maker, and to labor and sacrifice for his fellow-
men and his country.
"Members of this Society will report for escort duty at
the funeral of Comrade Long on Thursday, 21st inst., at
9:30 a.m., at the Town Hall, Sabula. Scarfs with mourn
ing rosettes will be worn. By command of
"N. C. White, Captain,
" Harvey Reid, Orderly Sergt."

122 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
The remains were interred in Evergreen Cemetery, on
the banks of the mighty Mississippi River, up which he
had passed fifty-five years before, when the beautiful spot
where he was laid to rest had probably never been pressed
by a white man's foot, and laid beside those of the loved
companion from whom he had been parted sixteen years
before, now to be reunited forever in the boundless realms
of immortality.
As the departure of our good old friend became known
abroad, expressions of regret and encomiums upon his
character came from many quarters. Some of these we
have already quoted in the course of the narrative.
The Sabula Gazette, in closing an extended sketch of
his life, says:
"That he was possessed of a remarkably fine physique
is very apparent from the hardships that he endured dur
ing his pioneer life, and the remarkable energy that he
displayed in all his undertakings. Coupled with the sound
body was a fine and strong mind, which was evinced by
the fact that he retained possession of his faculties to a
remarkable degree during the last moments of his life.
Father Long was a Christian in the fullest sense of the
word. Not one who preached and failed to practice, but
a man who carried his Christianity with him to his every
day labor, and took pleasure in talking of it and teaching
it to all who wished to listen, thus securing the profound
respect of the most skeptical, and convincing them that
while he professed Christianity, he was all that he pre
tended to be. Always a leader in the good work, he was
a member of either the first or second Sabbath-school

TRIBUTES TO DEACON LONG. I 23
established in America, was a member of the first one
organized in New Hampshire, and organized the second
one in the State of Illinois. His earnest work in the Sun
day-school leaves behind him many men and women who
will remember him with affection and reverence, and profit
by the moral teachings he gave them.
"His hand was ever open for charitable purposes, and
he gave with a free heart — not meagerly, but in abundance.
He has given largely to many different churches, and our
own neat little Congregational Church stands as a monu
ment to his benevolence, he having contributed the largest
share toward its construction. But churches alone did not
receive all his attention; the college at Jacksonville, III,
and the Iowa College at Grinnell, Iowa, were ably assisted
by him in the commencement; and in conclusion it would
be safe to say that the life of Father Long has been one
worthy of emulation in every respect.
"The funeral services, which took place on Thursday, at
10 o'clock a.m., were rendered very impressive, and were
largely attended by parties from a distance as well as
those from our own city. The Sabula Society of Union
Veterans, forming at their headquarters and marching to
the residence, escorted the remains thence to the church,
preceded by the drum corps playing an appropriate dirge.
At the church door the Veterans formed into two lines, leav
ing a space through which the remains of their departed
comrade, encased in an elegantly finished casket, were
conveyed by the pall-bearers. The services in the church
were appropriate and ably conducted by Rev. James
Alderson, assisted by Revs. C. A. Hawn of Sabula, and

124 SKETCH OF ENOCH LONG.
N. A. Kimball of Miles. After the services at the church,
the Veterans again formed in front of the procession, and
escorted the remains to the grave in Evergreen Cemetery,
the drum corps playing a dirge both upon leaving the
church and entering the cemetery.
"The pall-bearers were Dr. J. 0. Sugg, E. A. Wood,
W. H. Eldredge, George Canfield, Wm. H. Reid, and John
Stinton, each of whom have passed over three score of
years in this life."
Among those whose acquaintance Deacon Long had
made during his residence in Galena, was Hon. E. B.
Washburne, late Minister of the United States to France.
Although himself of an unassuming and retiring disposi
tion, never mingling much in the active world of politics
and statecraft in which Mr. Washburne had gained so high
honors, yet Mr. Long's probity of conduct and sterling
merit could not fail to win the high regard of such men of
worth, and we find the distinguished gentleman writing,
immediately upon his receipt of the intelligence of his old
neighbor's death, as follows:
"365 Dearborn Avenue,
"Chicago, III., July 23, 1881.
"Dear Sir:
"I hear of the death of your honored father. I knew
him long and well when he resided in Galena, and a better
and more conscientious man never lived. He cut quite a
figure in Alton, and was well posted in the earlier history
of Illinois. I have thought that he may have left many
interesting papers that would throw light on many events
of his time. If he has done so, I would be greatly obliged

LETTERS OF CONDOLENCE. I 25
if you would send them to me to look over; I will return
them to you if you desire, or place them in the archives of
the Chicago Historical Society. Your truly,
"E. B. Washburne.
"To M. H. Long."
This volume is an inadequate attempt to comply with
Mr. Washburne's request.
From across the sea came the following:
"London, Eng., Aug. ii, 1881.
"My Dear Brother:
"I have just heard from Mr. Wm. H. Bradley (at Paris)
that our dear Father Long has gone home. In Bunhill
Fields Cemetery, where John Bunyan and many Puritans
are buried, I read yesterday this inscription, 'Those within
are gone to rest'. So of him. Blessed are the dead who
die in the Lord. I have long been expecting the intelli
gence which comes to me in a foreign land. But he has
gone to the land that is not foreign; where your precious
mother and Stephen await him. It is well
"Yours truly, "Geo. F. Magoun.
"Mr. M. Hastings Long."
The Galetia Gazette gave a feeling eulogy and sketch of
Deacon Long's life, as also did \h& Alton Telegraph, Maquo-
keta (Iowa) Excelsior, and other papers.
May his mantle fall on many more equally pure, equally
conscientious, equally devout, equally philanthropic, equally
patriotic, equally brave, is the prayer of every true patriot
and every true Christian!

I NDEX

A.
Albany, 44, 50.
Alderson, Rev. James, 120, 123.
Alton, 111., 29, 32, 34, 37, 38, 40, 52,
53, 56, 58, 60, 61, 72, 78, 83, 86,
88, 96, 97, 100, 106.
Observer, 83, 84, 93.
Riots, 85-101.
11 Eastern accounts of, 22.
Telegraph, 38, 125.
American Board of Foreign Mis
sions, 114.
Bottom," erosion of, 39, 40.
Anderson, Col. Paul, 59.
"Appleton's American Cyclopedia,"
32.
Atchison, Col., 47.
Atlanta, 116.
Atlas, 111., 68,
Atwood, Moses G., 92.
B.
Bahne, Wm. H. [adopted son].
Reminiscences, 78.
Soldier, residence 1S83, 116.
Baker's Tavern, 35.
Baldwin, Rev. Thereon, 71.
Ballard, Capt, 53.
Bartlett, Bailey, 40.
Mrs. Caroline (Long) [sister],
birth, marriage, residence, 1883, 40.
furnishes material for sketch, 19.
letter to, 22.
on resemblance of E. Long to
his father, 30.
Baltimore, 33, 61.
&Ohio R. R., 33.
Beecher, Rev. Edward, defends free
speech, 92, 93, 94.
President of Illinois College, 74.

Berg, Charles F., 1 1 5.
Margaret (Mace) [adopted child],
116.
Bell, Gov. Samuel, 62, 63.
Bellefontaine, 53.
Bellows Falls, 44.
Bennington, 44.
Bishop, Lyman, death of, 93, 103.
Black Rock Village, 47.
Bluffdale, 67.
Bond, Gov. Shadrach, 64.
Bouton's "History of Concord", 35.
Bradley & Ripley, 107.
W. H., 109, 114.
Brattleborough, 44, 50
Breath, Edward, (defender of Love
joy); death of, 96.
Brighton, 111., 56, 106.
Breckinridge, Mr., of Alton, 34.
Dr. S. L., 29.
Mrs. Lucy L. [niece], 18, 30, 34.
Brock, Gen., 46.
Brooks, Dea. Joshua, letter of, 109.
Brown, Ashael, 56.
Geo. T., defender of Lovejoy, 96.
James Michael, 56.
J. Norman, defender of Love
joy, 97-
Jonathan, 56.
M., letter of, 55-8.
Wesley, 56.
Brownsville, 61.
Buffalo, 19, 47, 96, 103, 104.
Bunker Hill, 81.
Burlington Bay, 46. C.
California, 97, 116.
Campbell, G. W., 109.
Canal connecting the Missouri and
the Mississippi, 39.

128

INDEX.

Canandaigua, 44.
Canfield, George, 124.
Carr, William, 98.
Carson & Eaton, 107, 1 10.
" Cape Ann Regiment, " 28.
Chambersburg, 61.
Chandler, Gen., 46.
Charlton, Edwin A., 27.
Chetlain, Col. A. L, ri6.
Chicago, 40, 78, 114, 125.
Historical Society, 19, 20.
Christopher, Rev. W. B., 108.
Cincinnati, 51, 86.
Clement .Hill, 61.
Clarkson, N.Y., 45.
Clinton, Iowa, 69.
Colby, Abigail Bailey (Long) [sister],
36. Carlos W. [nephew], 37.
George H. [nephew], 37.
James [nephew], 36, 37.
Sarah L. [niece], 19, 37.
Coles, Edward, 64.
Concord, N. H., 27, 30, 34, 35, 48,
49, 54. 63-
Connecticut River, 44.
Corey, A. W., agent for Monticello
Seminary, 71.
defends free speech, 92.
edits temperance paper, 71.
mention, 89.
Corinth, 116.
Cumberland, Md., 61.

Dartmouth College, 32, 34, 41, 42, 44.
Davis, H. D., defender of Lovejoy,
97-
Dickerson, Mr., 51.
Delaplaine, Benjamin, 67.
Dunham, Rev. H. R., 108.

E.
East Boston, Mass., 61.
Edinburgh, 26.
Edwards, Cyrus, 71, 94.
Ninian, 94.
Edwardsville, 52, 54, 55.
Eldredge, W. H., 124.
Emerson, Rev. Oliver, iii, 113.
Erie, Pa., 60.

F.
Farley, Reuben D. , defender of Love
joy. 97-
Farmer, Mr., 30.
Fergus Printing Company, 78.
Ferry & Weller, 85.
Finch, Clarissa, 56.
Daniel, 56.
Grace, 56.
James, 56.
Robert, 56.
Flagg & North, 97.
Fort Armstrong, 68.
Donelson, 116.
Edwards, 68.
George, 46.
Gibson, Ark., 33.
Niagara, 47.
Stanwix, 28.
Fortress Monroe, 38.
French aggressions, 37.
and Indian war, 27-8.
Fulton, Robert, 51. G.
Galena, 49, 60, 69, 107, loS, i lo, 114,
116, 117.
Gazelle, 125.
lead-mines, 57.
Garrison's Emancipator, 81.
Gear, Capt. H. H., companion on
journey; coincidence in life, 60-1.
Genesee River, 45.
Gerry, Reuben, defender of Lovejoy,
96. & Walworth, 96.
& Weller, 96.
Gibralter, 111., 52.
Gill, Dr. H. T., 55.
Oilman, Son & Co., 96.
Winthrop S., acknowledgments
to, 18, 78, 102, 103.
advises surrender, 100.
banker, 96.
defends Lovejoy, 96, 98.
endorses Lovejoy, 93, 94.
letter of, 104.
member of firm Oilman, Son &
Co., 96.
do. Godfrey, Oilman & Co., 70.
mention of, 89.
partner of Enoch Long, 6g, 70.
residence in 1883, 96.

INDEX.

129

Gilman, Winthrop S. , resident of ,
Upper Alton, 70.
trustee of Monticello Sem. , 71.
CUoucester, England, 58.
Godfrey, Capt. Benj., wealth, charity,
death, 70, 71, 72.
& Gilman, 88, 97, 103, 104.
Gilman & Co., 70, 72.
Goffstown, 34.
Grafton Road, 38, 39.
" Great-Western Turnpike, " 44.
Green Mountains, 44, 48.
Griggs, Stephen, 94.
Grinnell, Iowa, loS.
College, 113.
Gulf of Mexico, 39. H.
Hancock, Gen., 116.
Hanover, 42.
Harned, William, defender of Love
joy, 96.
Harriman, Mrs. Sally (Mastercraft)
[grandmother], 31.
Capt. Stephen [grandfather], 29,
3'-.
Harrisburg, 61.
Hastings, Miriam [mother-in-law], 49.
Moses [father-in-law], 49.
Hatch, Rev. Mr., 36.
Haverhill, Mass., 29, 31.
Hawley, Thomas G. , 94.
Hawn, Rev. C. A., 120, 123.
Helena, Ark., 38.
Hempstead, Charles S. , 109.
Henderson River, 68.
Herbrechter, Rev. F., 112.
Hoard, Moore & Co., 57.
Hogan, Rev. John, 94.
John, & Co., 93.
Hopkinton, N. H., 26, 27, 29, 31,
32. 34. 40, 41. 43. 48, 60.
Hudson River, 44, 50, 51.
Hunter, Maj., 52.
Hurlbut, A. M. P., 76:
Mary (Mace) [adopted child], 1 16.
Rev. Thaddeus B., defender of
Lovejoy, 88, 89, 96.
letter of, 75-6. I.
Illinois Anti-Slavery Society, 84, 86
-7, 88.

Illinois and duelling, 65.
River Bottom, 67.
River improvement, 39.
Indian trail, 68.
Iowa, III, 113.
College, 108,
Itinerary between Alton and Galena,
69. J-
Jackson County, Iowa, 60.
James, Edwin, 33.
IR, 26.
Jefferson City, 81.
Jennings, Rev. Mr., 75, 76.
Jerseyville, III, 55, 67, 97.
Jervis, Rev. K. P., 36.
Mrs. Martha Hotchkiss (Long)
[niece], 36.
Jones, John, 27. K.
Kearsage Mountain, 28, 48.
Keating, Edward, 100.
W. H., 33.
Kent, Rev. Aratus, 107.
Kimball, Rev. N. A., 120, 124.
Krum, John M., mayor of Alton,
1837. 95- L.
Lake Erie, 60.
Ontario, 45, 46.
Lansingburgh, N.Y., 44.
Lawless, Judge, 83.
Lawrence, Mass., 18, 30, 40.
Lead mining at Galena, 69, 107.
Lee, Gen. Charles, 28-9.
Gen. Robert E., 39.
Leiter, Mr. Levi Z., 19-20.
Lewiston, burning, 47.
Heights, 47.
Lexington, 81.
Linder, U. P., 93, 94.
Lippincott, Rev. Thomas, conducts
Lovejoy's funeral services, loi.
organizes first Sunday-school in
Illinois, 54-5.
Lockwood, Samuel D., 64.
London, 125.
Long, Abiel, first ancestor in America,
27. Abigail (Bailey) [great-grand
mother], 31.

I30

INDEX.

Long, Dr. Benjamin Franklin [broth
er], acknowledgement to, i8.
letter from, 23.
medical student; physician at
East; settles in Alton, 41.
David [uncle], 27.
Edward Preble [brother], birth,
marriage, death, 41.
Edwin James [nephew], 33,
E. &M. H., HO.
Enoch [grandfather], 27, 30, 31.
Enoch [uncle], 27.
Enoch (subject of sketch), absent
from home during minority, 42.
ancestry, 26-31.
anti-slavery man, 40.
attempts to shoot one of mob, 99.
appearance at twenty-eight, 63.
attends first Sunday-school in
New Hampshire, 23, 58.
arrives at Alton, 52.
birth, 36, 42.
boating on the Mississippi, 52-3.
boating on the Ohio, 51-2.
builds residence at Alton, 57, 108.
business mismanaged during
absence, 66.
business prosperity, 72.
buys lots for residence, 66.
captain of Lovejoy's defenders,
102-5. charity, 115.
children, 49.
chosen deacon, 108.
christian ancebtry, 24-5.
manhood, 21, 22-3, 24-5.
church affiliations, 108-9, m.
113- commissions as justice of peace,
63-4- cooper, 42, 43, 48.
death, 36, 96, 119.
donation to Illinois College, 74.
econ(-my, 107.
engages in business at Upper
Alton, 59.
engages in grocery business, 57.
in lead-mining at Galena,
67, 69. in lumber business, no.
failures, 66, 72, 73.
farmer, 42, 48.
funeral services, 120-3.
indignation at murder of Love
joy, 22-3.

Long, interested in lead-mines at
Galena, 57.
at Mineral Point, 57.
journey on foot 160 miles, 52.
by horseback, 60.
by wagon and skiff, 61-2.
leading characteristics, 21-3.
longevity of ancestors, 24.
loses wife, 115.
love of music, 48.
lover of free-speech, 22-3.
makes Alton his home, 53.
marriage, 49.
materials for biography, 17.
member of first temperance so
ciety at Alton, 58.
mention, 41, 61, 88, 103.
moves to Galena, 107.
from Galena, no.
to Sabula, la., no.
officer of Presbyterian Church at
Alton, 87.
old age, III, 1 17-9.
organizes 2d Sunday-school in
Illinois, 23, 54-7.
partner in firm of Hoard, Moore
& Co., 57.
of Godfrey, Gilman & Co.,
69, 70.
partnership with M. H. Long,
no.
with Mr. Savoy, 48.
passport, 62.
pedestrian feats, 43, 48.
personal relations with E. P.
Lovejoy, 90-1.
pioneer, 21.
professes rehgion, 43.
protects Mr. Lovejoy, 92, 96.
railroad contractor, 106-7.
religious zeal, 73-6, 108, 111-4.
reopens Sunday-school, 55.
resumes coopering trade, 67.
returns to the East, 48.
East for family, 54, 57, 60-1.
to Upper Alton, 55.
school advantages, 42.
sickness, 53.
soldier, 21, 45.8.
special constable, 87, 89.
teaches district-school, 43, 48, 69.
tributes to his memory, 124-5.
trip West, first, 43-5.
second, 50-3.
last, 61-2.

INDEX.

131

Long, trustee of Monticello Semi
nary, 71.
veteran soldier, 17, 121.
visits brother's bride, 52.
St. Louis, 52.
Expeditions, " 33.
Geo. Washington [brother], men
tion, 41, 50, 60.
life of, 37-40.
Henry Clay [nephew], 33.
Isaac [uncle], 27.
Isaac [brother], 36.
Isaac, Jr., 26, 30.
Rev. John, ancestor of 17th cen
tury, 26, 30.
J. Willis [nephew], 40.
Lucia M. [granddaughter], 1 16.
Lucy [sister], 37.
Lucy (Harriman) [mother], chil
dren, 32.41.
death, 30.
marriage, 29.
Marcia (Wells) [sister-in-law],
41. Martha (Hodgkiss) [sister-in-
law], 33, 34.
Mary (Hastings) [wife], accom
panies husband West, 61.
Christian character, 49, 114.
death, 115.
dressmaker, 50.
marriage, 49.
teacher, 49.
parents, 49.
Moses [father], birth, 27.
captures musket, 29.
children, 32.41.
death, 29.30.
marriage, 29.
trade, 42.
Revolutionary soldier, 28.9.
one of Washington's body-guards,
29. Dr. Moses [brother], letter on
family genealogy, 30.1.
life, 34.6.
Moses Hastings [son], acknowl
edgments to, 18, 42.
birth, 49.
mention, 23, 71. 72. 75. I°7'
partner of father, no.
personal experience in Alton
riots, 91.
reminiscences of Alton riots,
85.6.

Long, residence in 1883, 49.
only surviving son, 18.
Rebecca (Bordman) [sister- in
law], 35.
Rebecca Bordman [niece], 18,
35-6. Richard Harlan [nephew], 33.
Robert [early ancestor], 30.
Robert [uncle], 27.
Samuel [uncle], 27.
Samuel [brother], 40.
Sarah [sister], 32.
Sarah (Gardner) Marshall [sister-
in-law], 35.
Shubal [early ancestor], 27.
Stephen H. [nephew], 40.
Stephen Harriman [brother],
birth, 32.
children, 33.
collegiate education, 32.
colonel, 33.
death, 32.
engineer, 32, 33.
explorations, 33.
genealogy of Long family, 26.
inventor, 33.
marriage, 33, 50.1.
mention, 29, 40, 41.
professor at West Point, 32.
return East for wife, 59.
stationed at St. Louis, 50.
Stephen Henry [son], birth and
death, 48-9.
mention, 72, 107.
Thomas M. [nephew], 40.
William Dewees [nephew], 33.
Loomis, D. Burt, defender of Love
joy, 97-
Rev. Hubbell, 97.
Louisiana, 39.
Lovejoy, Rev. Daniel, 79.
Rev. Elijah P., anti-slavery sen
timents, 73, 79, 80, 81-3, 84.
assaulted, 85, 95.
birth, 79.
conversion, 79.
destruction of presses, 83, 85, 86,
95. loi.
editor of Alton Observer, 83.
of St. Louis Observer, 79.
of St. Louis Times, 79.
endorsed by friends of free
speech, 85, 92, 93, 94.
funeral services over, loi.
influence of martyrdom, 77-8.

13=

INDEX.

Long, life in danger, 91, 93.
mention, 88, 89.
moves to Alton, 83.
murdered, 99.
protected by friends, 90-1, 96-9.
requested not to publish anti-
slavery articles, 80, 81, 84, 93-4.
teacher, 79.
Lowe, Capt., 53, 68.
Lower Alton, 92.
Lyman, Dr. Henry [brother-in-law],
36, 41-
Joseph Warren [nephew], 36.
Lucy L. [niece], 36.
Moses L. [nephew], 36.
Sarah (Long) [sister], 36.
Sarah [niece], 36.
Stephen Henry [nephew], 36.
M.
McCollister, Sanders, 56.
William, 56.
McKee, WiUiam P., 64-5.
McLaughlin's,) Mr., 67.
Madison County, 111., 39, 40, 64.
Magoun, Rev. Geo. F., 108, ni, 113.
tribute to memory of E. Long,
124.
Manchester, 47.
Maquoketa Excelsior, 125.
Marsden, Maj., 68.
"Martyrdom, The, of Lovejoy," quo
tations and references, 18, 78, 79,
82, 87, 92, 96, 100, 105.
Massachusetts- Bay Colony, 30.
Maxey, R. P., 57.
Medical College, Pittsfield, 41.
Michigan, 108.
Miller, Henry, 28.
Milton, III, 54, 55.
Mineral Point, 58.
first house in, 57.
lead-mines, 57.
Minnesota River, 53.
Mississippi Bottom, 67.
River, 32, 33, 83, 86, 97, no.
improvement of, 39.
Missouri, Si.
Fulton, steamer, 95.
Republican, 84.
River, 52, 53.
School for the Blind, 37.
Mot)ile, Ala., 97.
Monmouth, battle of, 28, 38.

Monongahela River, 61, 62.
Monroe, Pres. James, visit to Con
cord, 35.
Montana, U. S. steamer, 33.
Monticello Female Seminary, 71.
Montreal, 46.
Moore, Mr., 83.
Morse, James, Jr., defender of Love
joy, 96.
Murray's Four Corners, 45, 48.

N.
Nashville, 51.
Natchez, Miss., 39.
"National Road," 61.
Newberry, Lieut., 48.
Newbury, 27.
Old Town, 27.
Newburyport, Mass., 27, 43.
New England, 81.
Hampshire, 23, 44, 53.
as It Is," 27.
"i'ork City, 18, 50, 60, 72, 78.
State, 104.
"Niagara Frontier, " 46, 121.
River, 46, 47.
North Alton, 37, 41.
Noble, John S., 96.
defender of Lovejoy, 96.
O.
Ohio, 43, 60.
River, 62.
navigation on, 51-2.

Paducah, Ky. , 38.
Palisades, N. Y. , 96.
Panic of 1837, 72.
Passports necessary on moving to an
other state, 62-3.
Persia, 96.
Philadelphia, 33, 34, 50, 51, 60, 61.
Phillips, Wendell, 77.
Pittsburg, 51, 60, 61, 62.
Plaiston, N. H., 31.
Plymouth Colony, 30.
Pomfret, Conn., 31.
Port Byron, 69.
Princeton, N. J., 37.
Theological Seminary, 79.

INDEX.

Q-
Queenstown lieights, 46.
Quincy, 68. R.
Raikes, Robert, 58.
Randle, Daniel F., defender of Love
joy, 97-
Lucia Maria (Long) [daughter],
accompanies her father West, 61.
birth, marriage, death, 49.
Dr. P. W. [son-in-law], 49, 91.
Reid, Harvey, compiler of this sketch,
17-8. letters to, 103, 104.
orderly sergeant of Sabula Vet
erans, 19, 121.
Wm. H., 124.
" Ridge Road, " 44, 47.
Rochester, N. Y., iS, 30, 34, 36, 45.
Rock Island, 68, 69.
Rocky Mountains, 32.
Roff, Amos B. , defender of Lovejoy,
96, 99-
Ross, Capt., 68.
Rowell, Dr. Nathaniel, 45, 48.
Russell's, John, 67.
Rutherford, Catharine, 56, 57.
Robert, 56. S.
Sabula, Iowa, 17, 19, 40, 49, 60, 71,
78, 96, 103, no, in, 112, 113, 116,
120. Gazette, \2.i.
Salem, Mass., 48.
Salisbury, N.H., 48.
.Saratoga, 81.
Savoy, Mr., 48.
.Saw-mill, early, 52.
.Scotland, 26.
.Shawneetown, 51, 52, 62.
Shiloh, n6.
Silver, Ednah Harriman [sister-in-
law], 61.
Slaton's, Mr., 68.
Small-Pox Creek, 69.
Smith, Charles F., 36.
Rev. Ethan, 43.
Dr. Nathan, 34.
Sarah Gardner(Long) [niece], 36.
Smyth, Gen., 46.
Snelling, Col, 53.

Snelling, Fort, 53.
Snow, Henry H., 55, 57, 88.
South Reading, Mass., 35.
¦Sparhawk, Samuel, 63.
Sparkill, N.Y., 96, 104.
Steubenville, 60.
Stewart, Capt. Whittier, 47.
Stillwater, Minn., 97.
Stinton, John, 124.
St. Louis, 18, 50, 52, 53, 59, 70, 79.
80, 83.
Harbor, 39.
Observer, 79, 83.
Times, 79.
St, Martin's Parish, La., 41.
Stout, Mrs. Lucy L. (Colby) [niece],
37-
Sugg, Dr. J. G., 124.
Sunday-schools in Illinois; first at
Milton, 1819, 54, 55.
second at Upper Alton, 1820,
54. 55-
how early schools were conduct
ed, 54, 56-7.
statistics for 1 881, 58.

Tanner, Henry, acknowledgments to,
for information, 18..
ascribes captaincy to E. Long,
103-5- author of "The Martyrdom of
Lovejoy, " 78.
defender of Lovejoy, 96.
description of anti-slavery meet
ing, 92.
description of Lovejoy's funeral,
loi. gives roll of Lovejoy's defenders,
96-7. mention, 89.
present residence, 96.
Taylor, Maj. Zachary, 68.
Tete des Morts, la. , 60.
Thomas, Mrs. Caroline M. (Colby)
[niece], 37.
Thompson, Samuel J,, defender of
Lovejoy, 97.
takes charge of Lovejoy's body,
lOI.
Toronto, 46.
Trenton, N. J., 50.
Troy, 44.

134

INDEX.

U.
"Union Veterans of Sabula," 17, 19,
121.
Upper Alton, 22, 23, 49, 54, 55, 58,
59, 60, 62, 69, 70, 82, 74, 76, 86,
96, 97, 107, 113- V.
Valley Forge, 28, 38.
VanAntwerp & Noble, 96.
Vandalia, 64.
Van Wagenen, H. G., 94.
Vicksburg, 116. W.
Walworth, Geo. H., defender of
Lovejoy, 96.
War of r8i2, 22, 34-5, 45-8.
of the Revolution, 21, 28-9.
Warner, N. H., 34, 36, 41.
Washburne, E. B., tribute to memory
of E. Long, 124-5.
Washington, Gen., 28-9, 35.
Waterman, Rev. T. T., 108.
Watertown, 44.
Waterville College, 79.
Weller, Royal, defender of Lovejoy,
wounded, 96, 99.

Wells, Dr., 41.
Rev. N. M., 108.
Western & Atlantic R. R., Ga,, 33.
Reserve," 43.
West Newbury, 27.
Westport, N.Y., 60.
West Point, 32, 33, 38, 60.
Wheeling, 61.
White's, Capt., 68.
Whitney, Geo. H., defender of Love
joy, 96.
James W., 67.
Wilkinson, Gen., 46.
Williams, Mr., 43.
Williard, Dr. Samuel, acknowledge
ments to, for information, 78.
criticizes captaincy of E. Long,
105. recollections of Alton riots, 85,
87-8, 91. of anti-slavery call, 86, 87.
meeting, 92-3.
Winder, Gen., 46.
Windom, Hon. William, 36.
Wood, E. A., 124.
Woods, J. C, defender of Lovejoy,
96.

Y.

Youngstown, 47.

FERGUS PRINTING COMPANY, CHICAGO.

YALE UNIVERSITY

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