Yale University Library

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YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

Gift of
Edith and Maude Wetmore
in memory of their father
George Peabody Wetmore
B.A. 1867

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COLE'S CAVALRY;

OR

THREE YEARS IN THE SADDLE

IN THE

SHENANDOAH VALLEY,

BY

C. ARMOUR NEWCOMER.

PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR.

BALTIMORE :
CUSHING & COMPANV,
Booksellers and Stationers,
34 AV. Baltimore St.,
1895-

Srtbbed, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1895,
By 0. AEMOTJR NEWCOMER,
In tha office ot the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C.

HANZSCHE & CO.,
Printers and Engravers,
Baltimore, Md.

DEDICATED TO THE
SONS AND DAUGHTERS
OF THE
LOYAL SOLDIERS AND SAILORS
OF THE
LATE EEBELLION,
1861-65.

^INDEX.^

PORTRAITS.
The Author  fronting title.
Col. Henry A. Cole  " p. 115
POETRY. Page
Cole's Troopers, by Comrade Scott  38
Loudoun Heights, Va., January 10th, 1864  97
Sheridan's Ride to Winchester  157
A-Fightin' with Cole  162
HISTORY.
Chapter.
I. Inteodtjction  9
II. Formation OF Cole's Cavaley  11
Original Members Company A  12
The following were accidentally omitted :
MsCrtin L. Firestone, Daniel Link,
.Hanson T. C. Green, Dennis StuU,
;  Devilbiss.
Original Members Company B  14
" " " C  15
Ebbata.— JoJin B. Gibson should be John E. Gilson.
Charles A. Gibson should be Charles A. Gilson.
Original Members Company D  17
Recruits August 19, 1863, for Company D, 18
Skirmish with Ashby's Cavalry  20
"Royal Coffee,"  21
Duel with Cavalry Sabres  22

vi cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
Chapter. . Page
III. The First Battle at Winchester  24
Skirmish at Kernstown  24
Capture of Author and 12 men by Cap
tain Baylor  26
Breakfast of soft boiled eggs in crock . . 27
IV. Tobacco Warehouse and Belle Isle .... 29
Disappointed in not being Paroled  31
Bet made, but not yet paid  31
V. Home Again  32
Fight at Leesburg and Casualties  33
Back at Harper's Ferry  36
How "Captain" Cox killed his man.. . . 36
VI. Siege of Harper's Ferry  41
Order of Col. Miles to Cavalry  42
Cavalry crossing into Maryland  43
Major Cole as Courier with Message to
Genl. McClellan  45
VII. Harassing the Enemy  47
Capt. Baylor, of 12th Va. Cavalry, cap
tured by Capt. Vernon  48
Stealing Confiscated Whiskey from Pro
vost Marshal  50
VIII. Engagement at Sharpsburg  51
Major Harry Gilmor driven from Fred
erick  51
IX. Battle of Gettysburg — Retreat of
Lee's Army  54
Burning Bridge at Harper's Ferry  55
Capture and Execution of two Rebel
Spies  55
Lieutenant Rivers' daring exploit  56

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. Vii
Chapter. Page
IX. Raid to Rector's Cross Roads  59
Skirmish at Snickersville  60
Skirmish at Upperville  60
Retreat from Rector's Cross Roads. ... 61
X. Raid to New Market  63
Disappointment of Men in regard to
captured tobacco  64
XI. In Camp at Bolivar Heights  66
Reconnoisance up the Valley  67
XII. The Visit to Berryville.  69
Capt. Gallagher takes supper at the
Hotel, filled with Confederates  71
Capt. Gallagher has his leg broken. . . 73
XIII. Engagement at Charlestown  76
Defeat and Capture of 9th Md. Regi
ment  76
Casualties in the Engagement  79
XIV. Strasburg — Mt. Jackson — The Confede
rate "Independent Maryland Line"
at New Market  81
Their Stampede  84
XV. Harrisonburg — Staunton Road  86
XVI. In Camp at Harper's Ferry — Scouting
at Leesburg.  90
Falling back before Mosby  90
Cowardly shooting of Wm. Millholland 91
XVII. MOBLEY, THE OUTLAW — SURPRISED BY
MosBY  93
Death of Mobley  93
Night Attack on Cole's Camp by Mosby 94
Repulse of Mosby  95
Captain Vernon wounded  96

viii cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
Chapter. Page
XVIII. Pursuit of Mosby — Attempt to Cap
ture Major Cole  100
Casualties at Loudoun Heights, Jan
uary 10, 1864  102
XIX. Report op Battle and Complimentary
Letter of General Halleck  104
Report of Major Cole  104
Brig. Genl. Kelly's Endorsement. . . . 105
Gen. Halleck's Complirnentary Letter 105
Gen. Lee's Pass to Lieut. Colston .... 106
XX. Sent to West Virginia — Mechanics'
Gap  108
Partaking of Confederate Banquet . . 108
Fight at Mechanics' Gap  109
Old Billy Staton— Anecdote  110
Ereata— 13th line from top for '¦ Captain," read "command,"
p. 111.
XXI. Re-Enlistment — List of Officers.... 113
Reception at Frederick City  113
XXII. Roster of Officers under Reorgani
zation  115
Field and Staff  115
Non-Commissioned Staff  117
Company A  117
2nd Lieutenant Hanson Green, private, promoted to Sergeant,
to 2nd Lieutenant ; resigned December, 18G2.
Company B  118
C  119
" D  120
E  121
F, G, H  122

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. IX
Chapter. Page
XXIII. Shenandoah Valley  125
Sigel's Defeat at New Market  125
Battles under Hunter  126
Retreat before Early  128
Skirmish at Middletown  130
XXIV. MoNOCACY Bridge — Scouting in Fred
erick County  131
Fight with Early.  131
Defeat of Wallace and Tyler  131
Loyal Citizen — George Blessing. . . . 132
Capture of Rebel officers at Mr.
Preston's  133
Capture of Rebel pickets (four) by
the writer  136
XXV. Return to Virginia  138
Escape of Genl. Tyler and Lieut.
Goldsborough from being captured 138
Early's return to Virginia  139
Crook's defeat at Kernstown  140
Franklin Dickson's refusal to have
his arm amputated  141
XXVI. Return to Maryland — Fight at Ha
gerstown and Sharpsburg  142
Bebata— 4th line, 2nd paragraph, "Williamsport" should be
"McCoy's Perry."
Retreat from Dam No. 4  142
Fight at Hagerstown and falling
back,  143
Briscoe's fall and_dislocation of hip 144

X cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
Chapter. Page
XXVII. Burning of Chambersburg  146
Failure of McCausland and Johnson
to cross into Virginia  147
Prevented by "iron-clad" car bat
tery  147
Genl. Averill pursuing the Rebels. 148
XXVIII. Battle at Keedysville. ,  149
Defeat of Rebel Cavalry  150
The Boy Bugler, — Allen Greer  151
XXIX. Rebels recross into Virginia  153
Sleeping Vedette  153
XXX. Under Sheridan in the Shenandoah
Valley  155
Battles participated in.  155
XXXI. Brigaded by General Sheridan —
objected to by Colonel Cole —
AND objections SUSTAINED BY SEC
RETARY OF War  160
Conclusion  166

Cole's Cavalry;

OR

THREE YEARS in the SADDLE
In the Shenandoah Valley.

CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION.
The following pages were written at the solicitation
of a number of the survivors of Cole's Cavalry, and
I herewith present a brief history of this once famous
command, confining myself entirely to facts; most of
the incidents related coming under my personal ob
servation. The strong Southern feeling prevailing in Baltimore
culminated in a violent outbreak on the 19th of April,
1861. The march of the Sixth Massachusetts Regi
ment, on their way to the defence of the Nation's
Capitol, in response to President Lincoln's call for
troops, was obstructed by a mob composed of the
baser elements of society, and the troops were attacked
in the streets with stones and firearms ; many citizens
attracted to the scene by curiosity were shot down by
the soldiery, which had a tendency to further inflame
the excited feeling of the populace. Any one known

10
as an 'Outspoken Unionist, or giving expression to
loyal sentiments, was often the subject of insult, and
at times of personal violence. A number of citizens,
who were opposed to Secession, left the city for safety
¦ — myself among the number. I visited relatives in
the western part of the State, who were large slave
holders and Southern sympathizers, and who endeav
ored to influence me to cast my fortunes with the
Confederacy. Although connected by ties of birth and blood with
the South, I loved my country and flag better than
my State or section. A number of my relatives liv
ing in the cotton States had already identified them
selves with the Southern cause. One of my relatives,
(Mr. Rench,) who had not yet crossed the Potomac,
tried to persuade me to accompany him, and, failing
iu this, he started alone and was shot by a Union
Picket at Williamsport, Maryland. I resolved to
enter the Federal Army and was determined to join
the first Cavalry command that was organized in my
native State. Since the riot, affairs in Baltimore had
assumed an entirely different aspect, owing to the
occupancy of the city by the Government forces,
under the command of Major General Benjamin F.
Butler, and those of us who were compelled to leave
so hastily on account of our Union sentiments, now
had an opportunity of returning to our homes with
out fear of molestation.

CHAPTER II.
FORMATION OF COLE'S CAVALRY.
On the 28th day of August, 1861, myself, with four
teen other young men, enlisted for three years, or
during the war. We went to Frederick City, Md.,
where Company A had already been mustered into
the service ; Company B was forming in the extreme
western part of the State; and Company C had a
goodly number on their rolls from Emmittsburg and
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Company D, the Company
I joined, had several more detachments join us from
Baltimore City and Howard County, Ma;ryland, which
enabled us to be mustered regularly into the service
of the United States. At the time of formation, the
four Companies, AJ, B, C, and D, were separate and
independent of each other.
Company A elected for their Captain, Henry A.
Cole, from Frederick, who, after the consolidation of
the Companies, became the Major of the Battalion,
and on the reorganization of the command in 1864,
became the Colonel of the Regiment, and the com
mand from its formation as a Battalion, was known
as Cole's Cavalry.
Richard Cooms was made First Lieutenant, Geo. W.
F. Vernon was made Second Lieutenant. Lieutenant
Vernon later became the Captain of his Company,
and on the reorganization in 1864, became Lieutenant
Colonel of the Regiment.

12 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
Original Members Company A.
Henry A. Cole, Captain.
Richard Cooms, First Lieutenant.
Geo. W. P. Vernon, Second Lieutenant.
Lewis M. Zimmerman, First Sergeant.
Geo. W. Lease, Second Sergeant.
Isaac T. Devilbiss, Third Sergeant.
Martin L. Kaufman, Fourth Sergeant.
Edward V. Gannon, Fifth Sergeant.
James W. W. Virts, Sixth Sergeant.
John A. Hudson, Seventh Sergeant.,
Basil H. Albaugh, Eighth Sergeant.
David B. Orrison, First Corporal.
William F. Ulrick, Second Corporal.
Jeremiah Everly, Third Corporal.
James H. McDevitt, Fourth Corporal.
Joseph H. Stansbury, Fifth Corporal.
Peter J. Caughlin, Sixth Corporal.
David Speck, Seventh Corporal.
Roland H. Henry, Eighth Corporal.
James W. Forsyth, Sadler.
John W. Crim, Farrier.
Charles W. Beaty, Farrier.
David W. Oarnes, Wagoner.
Ashmeyer, W. Cubitts, John M.
Angelberger, Thos. T. Dellet, John J.
Badeau, Edgar. Dern, Abraham.
Betson, Joseph. Dixon, Franklin.
Bishop, Charles A. Early, John W.
Cline, Frederick. Edwards, James.
Crawford, B. F. Fogle, Henry. .
Crawford, Joshua M. Fogle, Solomon.
CromweU, Arthur H. Fouch, Temple.
Crouse, John A. Fosler, Charles.

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.

13

Fraley, John F.
Fry, Martin.
Grams, Jonathan C.
Grams, Frank D.
Hall, John B.
Hall, Levi M.
Hargett, David Q.
Hargett, Geo. B.
Harris, Edward V.
Harner, Wm. H.
Hornie, Christopher.
Houck, David.
Jacobs, Philip A.
Jones, David.
Keedy, Walter H.
Kelly, John A.
Kerns, John.
Killian, John.
Kintz, Daniel.
Kreglo, Isaiah A.
Lacoy, Alfred.
Manderfield, H. A.
Mathews, C. A.
Main, Geo. W.
Moore, Edward W.
McKnight, Jos. T.
Miller, Henry.
Miller, John.
Murphy, Harvey A.
Myers, John.

Null, Harvey T.
Orrison, Logan.
Eice, Job.
Eoutzahn, Alfred.
Shaefer, f!has.
Shaefer, Jos. H.
Shilt, Samuel D.
Smith, Geo. S.
Smith, Martin.
Smelzer, TJ. W.
Staley, Simon M.
Stone, Edward V.
Stone, Samuel.
Stott, James H.
Stottlemeyer, A. J.
Sweeney, Chas.
Tall, Erasmus.
Tinterman, Wm.
Tol linger, Geo.
Wachter, C. S.
Wachter, G. E.
Wachter, T. M.
Washburn, D. L.
Watson, John.
Wheeler, Thos,
Wilders, James.
Wolf, William.
Yoste, C. M.
Young, George.

This Company during its service had over two hun
dred members, the greater portion was wounded,
killed or died in prison.

14

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.

William Firey was selected by the members of
Company B as their Captain, John Metz as First
Lieutenant, and A. M. Florey as Second Lieutenant.
Original Members Company B.
William Firey, Captain.
Albert Metz, First Lieutenant.
Alex. M. Florey, Second Lieutenant.

Brush, Jacob.
Bell, P. M.
Boggs, William.
Coppich, Charies.
Carpenter, Jonathan.
Craft, Andrew.
Dick, David.
Davis, Thomas.
Diel, Eeuben.
Dennis, Jerry.
Donaldson, Thomas.
Drake, Benjamin.
Eyer, Isaac.
Filles, Frank.
Foos, Gotleib.
Fink, Michael.
Good, John.
Gletner, James.
Hoefly, John.
High, Eolla.
Holland, Daniel.
Holland, Joseph.
Ira, Isaac.
Jones, William.
Jackson, John.
Johnson, William.

Jack, Mathias.
Karns, Jacob.
Keefer, David.
Keefer, Silas.
Lucas, William.
Links, Henry.
Lormon, George U.
Miller, Daniel.
Myers, John W.
Mills, Samuel.
Medcalf, Otho.
Mann, Wesley B.
Mayhew, Harvey.
McKinny, Lake.
Miller, John.
Mills, Amos.
Pearl, Eeson.
Roger, James.
Robiuett, Mathias.
Eivers, Samuel.
Eivers, John L.
Eockwell, John.
Sufacool, William.
Sufacool, Joseph.
Stine, J. N.
Sosey, Abraham.

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. lo
Stoufer, Jacob. Spitnauss, A.
Steffey, William. Vance, William.
Smith, Plarrison. _ Wiley, Jerry.
Sleigh, Charles. Wiley, Harrison.
Strole, Samuel. Wolf, Hamilton.
Smith, Clark. Weaver, George.
Company B during its service had more than one
hundred and seventy-five members, a large percentage
was killed, wounded or died in prison. "^
John Horner was chosen as Captain of Company C,
with John M. Annan as First Lieutenant, and Wash
ington Morrison as Second Lieutenant.
Original Members Corripany C.
John Horner, Captain.
John M. Annan, First Lieutenant.
Washington Morrison, Second Lieutenant.
William A. Horner, Orderly Sergeant.
Ale.xander M. Walker, Quarter-Master Sergeant,
Oscar McMillan, First Sergeant.
Samuel J. Maxwell, Second Sergeant.
Hiram S. McNair, Third Sergeant.
George Guinon, Fourth Sergeant.
Oliver Johnson, First Corporal.
JDavid W. Longwell, Second Corporal.
Andrew A. Annan, Third Corporal.
Oliver A. Horner, Fourth Corporal.
Mosheim S. Plowman, Fifth Corporal.
John B. Gibson, Sixth Corporal.
John M. Swan, Seventh Corporal.
William White, Eighth Corporal.
Maxwell J. Cable, First Bugler.
Albert M. Hunter, Second Bugler.

16

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.

William B. Wenk, First Farrier.
William F. Weikert, Second Farrier.
Samuel J. Wolf, Sadler.
Peter Wolf, Teamster.

Bennett, Joseph A.
Bol lar, John A.
Buckingham, Henry.
Ceise, George.
Coyle, John B.
Crouse; William A.
Currens, William H.
Deihl, Martin.
Dorsey, Charles F.
Duphorn, Thomas W.
Fites, Theodore.
Flohr, Eeuben.
Fritchey, Alfred H.
Gehr, Henry.
Gel wicks, George.
Gillelan, George.
Gibson, Charles A.
Grimes, James.
Gettier, Henry.
Hartzel, Jacob.
Hollebaugh, John Z.
Huber, John M.
Hughes, Henry.
Hizer, Lewis.
Jacobs, George W.
Kehn, Calvin.
King, Hiram.
Knott, John B.
Lott, William H. .
McAlister, Theodore.

McCuUough, James.
McPharland, William.
Merving, Bdwin W.
Mcllhenny, William A.
McNair, Samuel.
Morritz, John N.
Morison, Lake B.
Myers, Jacob B.
Ocker, John H.
Eeaver, Henry A.
Eeck, Blias 0.
Eichards, Isaac.
Scott, James A.
Seitz, John.
Shaugheny, .John.
Sherfey, Thomas B.
Shilt, David.
Spangler, George.
Sponseller, George.
Stahl, Jesse.
Shriver, Geo. W.
Test, Joseph U.
Thomas, Levi E.
Turl, Henry.
Weigle, Daniel B.
Weikert, George W.
Welsh, Oliver.
Weible, Joseph E.
Wills, Joseph H. C.
Wilson, Samuel D.

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 17
Wolford, Thomas. Hilleary, Henry C.
Wolf, Johri F. Bostick, Samuel.
Company C's membership during their service was
near two hundred, a large percentage was killed,
wounded or taken prisoners.
This Company made more changes in their officers
than any Company in the command. [See Roster of
Officers.] Pierce K. Keirl became the Captain of Compariy
D, with Robert Milling as First Lieutenant, and
Francis Gallagher as Second Lieutenant.
Original Members Company D.
Pierce K. Keirl, Captain.
Eobert Millery, First Lieutenant.
Francis Gallagher, Second Lieutenant.
Stephen George, Orderly Sergeant.
Armstrong, Benjamin. Casey, James.
Alt, Conrad. . Craft, John.
Bennett, Charles. Davis, Charles.
Bennett, Andrew J. Davis, Lafayette.
Ball, Charles.' Dawson, Louis.
Ball, Joseph. Dennis, Charles.
Boyd, Andrew J. Edmonds, Esom.
Brown, Thomas. Eltonhead, Thomas D.
Brown, George. Earnshaw, James.
Buford, George. Eddy, John.
Bowman, William. Forward, Samuel.
Bryan, Stephen. ¦ Frost, John.
.Chamber, Geo. W. Fowler, Randolph.
Cox, Geo. H. George, Stephen.
Craig, Donald. Goff, John W.

18

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.

Gruber, Charles.
Grubb, James.
Gebbins, Oliver.
Godfrey, Thomas.
Grogg, W^illiam.
Howard, Henry.
Hugg, Benjamin.
Hilleary, Edward.
Hitzelberger, William.
Hoofnagle, Charles.
Hirshberger,  .
Iseminger, A.
Lewis, Arthur.
McOauly, Adolphus.
McConnell, Duncan.
McGregor, William.
Mills,. Samuel.
Mills, Amos.
Millholland, William.
Marks, Henry.
Morris, Hickman.
Newcomer, 0. Armour.
Nice Warner, Web.
0' Brian, John.
Orr, James C.
Purden, Charles.

Pierce, John Q.
Padgett, J. William.'
Ehodes, Augustus C.
Stansbury, John W.
Stansbury, Alpheus.
Shank, Otho.
Smith, William.
Sakers, John.
Seifert, John.
Stewart, William.
Stull, Henry.
Sigler, Samuel B.
Staton, William.
Sweitzer, Jeremiah.
Steadman, Wm. B.
Sullivan, J. W.
Trich, Henry.
Talbott, Howard.
Winters, Harvey.
Winters, Wra. H.
Winters, Warren.
Welsh, Wm. H.
Welsh, Eichard.
Wheeland,  .
Wiggans, John.
Williams, John B.

DetacJiment of Recruits Company D, Aug. 19, 1863.

Allen, William.
Beal, Robert B.
Barthelow, George. ¦
Brown, William.
Benner, Alonzo.
Carr, William,

Delevan, Francis.
Doherty, John.
Good, Joseph.
Giles, Edward.
Holmes, Henry C.
Hoffman, Henry.

19
Hawk, Thomas. EeindoUar, William.
Banning, James. Scarlet, Joseph.
Lailer, Johnson. Smith, William.
McOabe, James E. Sraith, Thomas.
Moore, John. Turner, William.
Nail, William. Valentine, Vincent V.
Pilcher, .Joseph.
Company D had more men on its rolls during the
war than any Company in the command, numbering
over two hundred and fifty. Its loss in killed,
wounded and prisoners was two-thirds of its mem
bership. The Companies were now thoroughly equipped
and ready for active service, and were ordered to
guard the Potomac River, which in the winter of
1861-62, they were constantly patrolling from Fred
erick to Cumberland. Company B, under Captain
Wm. Firey, was sent to Western Virginia. The boys
were commencing to look upon soldiering in a dif
ferent light from what they did when they left their
comfortable homes; the winter was severe, but there
was no complaining of the hardships they were com
pelled to endure.
During the winter General Jackson's forces had
made their appearance on the south side of the Po
tomac, opposite Hancock, Maryland, and on the 7th
of January, 1862, had sent a flag of truce to General
Landers, the commander of the small body of Fede
ral troops stationed at that point, to surrender the
town. Company A of Cole's Cavalry were hastily
sent from Hagerstown ; Company D was patrolling

20 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
from Hancock to Williamsport ; the first Maryland
Infantry, Colonel John R. Kenly, was also ordered
from Williamsport to join with Landers. A fearful
snow storm had set in and the weather was bitterly
cold. On arriving at Hancock the Rebels had fallen
back ; Cole crossed the river and followed through
Bath or Berkeley Springs, within a few miles of Win
chester, and not coming upon the enemy, returned to
Maryland, again crossing the Potomac at Hancock.
I will not attempt to give a detailed history of each
Company; but of the incidents which came under
my personal observation. The Spring of 1862 had
rolled around ; troops were being concentrated at dif
ferent points along the Potomac River. It was ru
mored there would be a general advance into Vir
ginia, and we were all eager for the command to
cross over, and at last the order came. How well I
remember the fears that many of us had ; we wrote
to our friends at home that we were about invading
the enemy's country, and it was doubtful if any of us
would ever return alive.
In March, 1862, my Company with others, crossed
the river with General Williams, at Williamsport.
We advanced upon Martinsburg, West Virginia, and
without seeing a sign of the enemy we occupied
the town. Colonel Ashby's Virginia Cavalry were
reported to be in the neighborhood of Winchester,
and Captain Cole with Company A, was ordered on
a reconnoisance, and at Bunker Hill they came across
Ashby's Confederates, who greatly outnumbered Cap
tain Cole ; the boys of Company A charged the enemy
and were driven back, then commenced their maiden

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 21
fight, the skirmish was spirited while it lasted ; our
boys were reinforced by a Company of Infantry, and
Colonel Ashby fell back. Captain Cole had his fa
vorite gray mare shot from under him; and a rifle
ball" cut a lock from his flowing beard. Dennis Stull
was killed ; Walter H. Keedy and Jonathan D. Grimes
were wounded; Captain W. H. Whittleson, Assistant
Adjutant General of Williams' Brigade of Banks'
Division, had his horse killed under him. The
loss of our comrade, and looking upon those that
were wounded cast a feeling of sadness over the
command, but we soon ceased to mind seeing wounded
soldiers and others shot to death.
An amusing incident occurred while encamped
near Bunker Hill, which came near proving a very
serious affair. The First Maryland Infantry Regi
ment under Colonel John R. Kenly, afterwards Gene
ral Kenly, was encamped with others at Bunker Hill,
for a few days. There was a distillery close by, and
a member of one of the Companies soon discovered
there was liquor to be had; the boys filled their
camp kettles, and it was not long before a number
of the soldiers were drunk. The cook of one of the
Companies, had made coffee with half whiskey and
half water, and there was quite a number came near
dying, after drinking the coffee. (The cook was
George McCurley, of Baltimore, who called it "Royal
Coffee.") Colonel Kenly placed a guard at the distil
lery to prevent any one from getting more liquor,
but when an examination was made of the premises,
not one pint of whiskey was in the building, the
boys had gotten in through the rear window, and

22 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
removed all the liquor whilst the guard had been
guarding the front for several days, not knowing
he was guarding an empty building ; it is needless
to say, the guard was sent to his quarters with a
reprimand. (The leader of the gang. Sergeant Bill
Taylor, afterward captured and confined in "Libby
Prison," from which he made his escaped, and after
wandering in the mountains for three months, joined
his company; and was afterward promoted to a cap
taincy.) On March llth, 1862, General Williams ordered an
advance, with Cole's Cavalry in the lead. We came
upon the enemy at Stevens' Station, five miles north
of Winchester, and for many of us, we were under fire
for the first time. Ashby's Cavalry fell back and on
the following morning, (Sunday, March 12th, 1862,)
Cole's Cavalry charged into Winchester and had the
honor of being the first Union troops that had ever
been in that historic town. Colonel Ashby was again
routed. At Stevens' Station I was called upon to witness a,
duel, fought with Cavalry sabres, between two mem
bers of my Company, John Chambers, known as
" Ginger," a notorious character, who enlisted from
and lived at Harper's Ferry, and James Orr. It ap
pears that they had a trifling dispute in reference to
their proper position in the skirmish line. I had
requested them to stop quarreling and fight the
Rebels; they could settle their differences when they
encamped for the night; not dreaming my advice
would be taken. Chambers was a powerful man,
weighing two hundred aud fifty pounds; his oppo-

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 23
nent, Orr, had been in the United States Navy prior
to the war, and understood the sabre exercise. The
Brigade had stopped for the night. The principals
stripped to the waist, and commenced a deadly com-
ba,t with their Cavalry sabres ; they were on the
edge of the camp, with no one to witness the fight
but myself and a few members of Company D.
Chambers, being the larger man, was the aggressor,
but his cuts and thrusts were skilfully parried.
After flghting for some time Chambers made a
fearful cut, his opponent's guard was broken and he
received an ugly cut on his arm. Both parties being
satisfied, they donned their clothing and we all re
turned to camp. It was some months before the
remainder of the Company knew the fight had taken
place. Chambers and Orr became fast friends for
the remainder of their service in the Army.

CHAPTER III.
THE FIRST BATTLE AT WINCHESTER.
General Stonewall Jackson came down the Shen
andoah Valley. General Shields was now in com
mand of the Union forces at Winchester. The pick
ets were attacked Saturday morning, Marfch 22, 186'2,
at Kernstown, three miles south of Winchester, and
by evening the skirmish became quite lively, and on
the following morning, Sunday, the fight became
general. After the battle had been raging all day,
General Jackson was beaten back, leaving his dead
and wounded on the fleld ; Cole's Cavalry with Gene
ral Banks' division, who had arrived, followed Jack
son for several days. General Banks assumed com
mand, with headquarters at Winchester. Our Cav
alry was constantly on the go, with an occasional
skirmish with the enemy's Cavalry. General Shields
was shot through the body in this engagement but
recovered. Myself, with others of the command, and a de
tachment of the First Michigan Cavalry, wej-e de
tailed to act as General Banks' body guard and cou
riers. The day following the occupancy of Win
chester, one of our number, Tom Godfrey, an Irish
man, rushed into the quarters, very much excited;
we expected to hear some startling bit of news, when
he informed the officer in charge of his having
wandered into the Medical College and of seeing
terrible sights. A number of us concluded to make

0(>i.E*s m.'Vrvland cavalry. 25
an investigation, and sure enough a number of sub
jects were in the dissecting room and one colored
lad on the table, partly dissected, the students hav
ing left the town on our entrance. It was not long
before the building was overrun with soldiers, and
many valuable specimens of various kinds found in
a medical college were destroyed. One skeleton was
supposed to be that of Old John Brown, who was
hung a few years prior, or one of his sons, who was
executed at the same time, at Charlestown, Va,
The command continued to scout in the surround
ing country and was constantly on the move, until
Banks' memorable retreat. Cole's battalion brought
up the rear; Companies A and C went to Harper's
Ferry, and Company D was the last Union .troops to
cross the Potomac River at Williamsport, having
been continuously in the saddle for over thirty-six
hours. They were ordered to Hagerstown to rest
horses and men. In a few days Company D went
to Harper's Ferry, and when the army again ad
vanced. Cole's Cavalry was found in the lead ; Jack
son had returned up the valley and the command
was constantly on the go, contending against small
bands of Confederate Cavalry. Mosby's, White's and
Harry Gilmor's commands had to be looked after ;
and Major Cole was kept busy ; his headquarters
being at Harper's Ferry.
A detachment of twenty men were sent from Com
pany D to Smithfield, an outpost, fifteen miles from
the Ferry, under command of Lieutenant Robert
Milling. The men had been in the village several
weeks, the citizens showing them every courtesy,

26 cole's MARYLAND CAVAl-RY. ,
inviting them to their homes and entertaining them
in the most hospitable manner. The boys lost their ^
usual vigilance. Lieutenant Milling, the officer in
charge, with a Sergeant and several men, accepted
an invitation to attend a party, several miles from
the camp ; they were promised a good time. The
Lieutenant's head was turned by the psrsuasion of a
beautiful woman. The party was gotten up simply
for the purpose of getting the officer from the camp,
and the ruse was successful. Captain Baylor, with
his Company of Confederates, many of its members
from this very town, were notified that the Com
manding Officer was absent. Baylor took advantage
of the circumstance and charged the camp, captur
ing thirteen of our number, not however without
exchanging a number of shots. Lieutenant Milling
was cashiered and dismissed the service. Major
Cole who had been out on a scouting expedition
with the Battalion, hearing of the capture, hastened
to Smithfield, but too late. Captain Baylor with his
prisoners had 'gotten away.
Being one of the number captured, I felt some
what dejected, when it was discovered that the com
rades in pursuit failed to overtake us, but I resolved
to make the best of it. About midnight our cap
tors halted at a farm house, and placed us prisoners
in an outhouse. After securing the door a guard was
placed outside, and we were permitted to rest until
the following morning, when we were again ordered
to mount our horses and rode rapidly in the direc
tion of Woodstock. Finding we were no longer pur
sued by Major Cole, Captain Baylor ordered a halt.

cole's MARYLAND OAVALIiY. 27
We were given something to eat, and the prisoners
were drawn up in line in front of a farm house, and
the farmer's daughter brought us a large milk crock
full of soft boiled eggs that were intended for our
breakfast ; the crock was passed along the line and
each prisoner was told to help himself, by drinking
the eggs from the crock. When the guard thought
one of us had sufficient, he would compel us to pass
' the vessel to the next man. The boys on the lower
end of the line kept calling out for their turn. We
got nothing more to eat that day. An amusing in
cident occurred while taking our egg breakfast.
Among our number was an old Irish chap, by the
name of Duncan McConnell. Duncan had been up
the Valley on one of our many raids and had stop
ped -at this very house, for a drink of water. After
having quenched his thirst and was about taking
his leave he remarked to the very young lady who
had served us with the eggs, that he would like to
marry just such a pretty Rebel girl, not thinking at
the time that he should ever see her again. The
young lady's memory was good, and as soon as she
saw Duncan she recognized him and informed her
brother, who was one of our captors. The brother
naturally was very much incensed, and inquired
from the old fellow if he l\ad ever before been up
the Valley, and was informed of the charge his
sister had made. Duncan most positively denied
ever being in this section of the country, and assured
the young man, if he was fortunate enough to get
out of this scrape, he would never be there again.

28 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
The young lady was most positive he was the party
who had insulted her, but Duncan's persistent denial
got him off. A number of' the Rebel Cavalrymen
were eager to hang the old man, as they stated it
would be a warning to others not to insult their
women. After we had gotten some distance on the
road, Old Duncan told the boys he had used the lan
guage, bnt it was simply a jest and he had meant no
harm.

CHAPTER IV.
TOBACCO WAREHOUSE AND BELLE ISLE.
We arrived at Staunton, and were placed on the
cars and started for Richmond. Oh arriving at the
Confederate Capital, we were escorted before the
Provost Marshal, who directed that we be searched
and it is useless to state everything of value was
taken from us. Our names, company and command
were taken down by a young clerk, but it proved after
wards were not entered on the ledger, and caused us
much inconvenience later on. We spent several days in
the Old Tobacco Warehouse, known as Libby Prison,
and with a number of others, sent to Belle Isle. Our
names were called and each man answered to his
name as it was mentioned. When the oflB.cer calling
the list had gotten to my name, he requested me to
step to the front, at the same time remarking he would
like to speak to me; at the conclusion of the roll call
he turned to me and inquired wliere I was from and
whether I had any connections living in the south?
I replied in the affirmative, and mentioned a number
who were then in the Confederate service. In speak
ing of a relative, the officer grasped my hand and
mentioned the one referred to as his own brother-in-
law. The guard and prisoners looking on could not
understand why the Confederate Officer was shaking
my hand and speaking so kindly to me, a Union sol
dier. I had found a friend and determined to make
the best of it. The officer stated he was in charge of

30

the guard on the Island, and I should not hesitate to
speak to him on the following day, as I would recog
nize him, whilst he might not know me among so
many. Several days passed and I saw nothing of my
new friend. After several weeks, I was informed by
one of the guards, that he was sick in the hospital, a
month rolled around, when one day I was gratified to
see the officer coming down the line and I did not
hesitate to attract his attention. He was much pleased
to see me again. After informing me of his attack of
sickness, he promised to interest himself in my be
half, a very amusing incident occurred. It was posi
tively forbidden for any one to trade with the prison
ers. The officer noticed a man with abarrel of apples;
he had been selling them to the prisoners. The man
was placed under arrest for violating the rules and he
called two of the gu^irds and dumped the apples from
the barrel upon the ground. The temptation was so
great, and not having tasted fruit for so long a time,
I forgot for the moment that I was speaking to my
relative's brother-in-law, and dropped on my knees,
filling my hat with the pedler's apples. I felt so
mortified at behaving so rudely that I failed to speak
to the officer after this occurrence. The lieutenant
was from Jackson, Mississippi.
There was now over six thousand "Yankee" pris
oners, as we were called by the "Johnnies," on the
Island. It was rumored that our Cavalry were raid
ing in the rear of General Lee's Army, and an effort
would be made to release us from captivity. The
authorities at Richmond became alarmed, and our
captors commenced paroling us, working day and

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 31
night for several days. Three thousand paroled men
left us one Saturday morning and the remainder were
to follow on the following day. The naines of the
thirteen members of Cole's Cavalry who had been
captured with myself, could not be found, as the slip
of paper the clerk had written our names upon, had
been mislaid and the names never entered on the
register. We were sent with the paroled prisoners
over to Richmond, and another examination of the
rolls failed to find our names. We went to Aikin's
Landing, on the James River, and after a consultation
the .Confederate Paroling Officer had a guard placed
over us and we were ordered back to Richmond, sus
pected of having broken our parole and of giving fic
titious names. In witnessing our former fellow pris
oners marching u?pon the United States transports and
we thirteen of Cole's men sent back again to prison,
our feelings can better be imagined than described.
On the following morning after being returned
to Richmond, our guards delighted in showing us the
papers giving an account of our return and comment
ing, stating we would be court martialed; and would
likely be shot or hung. This was not very encourag
ing for us. in prison I was speaking about what our
fate would be, when I remarked, "I suppose our time
has come," one of our number, Thos. Eltonhead, a
jovial felloAv, jokingly remarked "he would' wager an
oyster supper, that we would neither be shot nor
hung." I replied that "I accept the bet; it was agood
one if I lost." In a short time the authorities discov
ered their error and we were released. I had lost
my bet, and was happy for it.

CHAPTER V.
HOME AGAIN.
On our trip from Richmond to Baltimore, I was
taken sick and we were sent to the parole camp at
Alexandria, Virginia, remaining there several weeks.
In the meantime I rp covered my health. A number
of our command, who had been taken prisoners, and
paroled at various times, had been sent to parole
camp at Annapolis. I could not get away from Alex
andria by pass, my friend Eltonhead and myself fell
in with a squad that had been exchanged and we suc
ceeded in getting on the north side of the Potomac
River, and in a short time reported at Annapolis.
I had no difficulty in getting permission to visit my
home, and remained there until I was properly ex
changed, when I again reported to my commanding
officer at Harper's Ferry; in my absence many changes
had occurred and many of my old comrades had been
killed or wounded. Harper's Ferry had surrendered;
and the great battle of Antietam had been fought
and won by the Union Army.
Major Cole and his Battalion were constantly on
the move in the summer of 1862, averaging twenty-
five days of the month in the saddle, scouting through
Loudoun and adjoining counties, east of the Blue
Ridge Mountains and in the Valley and through West
Virginia. The command on the various raids, inva
riably subsisted upon the country; never taking any
supply wagons. And it is a remarkable fact that one

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 33
hundred miles were repeatedly covered in twenty-
four hours. It was rumored at Harper's Ferry that
General Pope had defeated General Lee at Manassas,
and Colonel Miles, commanding at the Ferry, ordered
Major Cole to go to Leesburg, the extreme right of
the Army of the Potomac, to capture stragglers of
the Confederate Army who were reported in that
vicinity. Companies A, C and D were ordered to
move at once. Company B had been for some time
operating in the mountains of West Virginia. The
three Companies crossed the Potomac River at the
Point of Rocks, and arrived at Leesburg, Virginia;
the advance exchanging an occasional shot with strag
gling bands of Mosby's and Major White's Confeder
ate Cavalry. When the command had gone several
miles south of the town, it was observed that the
Confederates were becoming more numerous, the rear
guard was kept busy repulsing numerous onslaughts,
and upon' the hills on all sides were noticed increased
numbers of the|enemy, Major Cole concluded to fall
back to the Potomac River. Lieutenant Green of
Company A, who had relieved Company C in the ad
vance, was confronted with a large body of the
enemy's cavalry. Lieutenant Green concluded that
the forces were other than Mosby's and White's, and
he immediately sent Sergeant Lewis M. Zimmerman
to the rear to notify Major Cole, he himself falling
back with his advance upon the main column, stub
bornly contesting the advance of the Confederates.
When Lieutenant Green reached Major Cole, the
Major had formed the command in a field surrounded
by a stout post and rail fence, and it was none too

34 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
soon, for the Confederates charged over the hill. It
was now discovered that instead of being a few Com
panies, it proved to be a brigade of General Lee's
Cavalry. The gallant Maryland Battalion fought five
to one; they discharged their pieces in the face of the
enemy, but it was useless to contend against such over
whelming numbers. Major Cole gave the command
to draw sabres and charge; a number of the Battalion
succeeded in cutting their way through the enemy's
column, whilst a few of the men took to the moun
tains and reported at Harper's Ferry on the following
day. It is not known how many of the Confederates
were killed. Cole's gallant command sustained a
loss of over thirty men, killed and wounded; many
receiving sabre cuts.
In numerous instances the men refusing to surren
der were cut down by the enemy's sabres.
Casualties in Company A.
Leesburg, Va., September 2, 1862.
First Sergeant  Hall, killed.
Corporal Julius Apple, killed.
John Hall, wounded. Basil H. Albaugh, wounded.
Thos. M. Wachter, wounded. Jas. H. McDevitt, wounded.
Wm. Tinterman, wounded. J. H. Stottlemeyer, wounded.
Edward Stone, wounded. 0. A. Wheeler, wounded.
Casualties in Company B.
Having waited for this list until the last moment,
we were compelled to go to press without it.

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 35
Casualties in Company C.
. Leesburg, Va., September 2, 1862.
George Ceise, killed. Corporal Wills, wounded.
Samuel Bostick, wounded. Joseph E. Wible, wounded.
Jas, A. Scott and Saml. N, McNair were both severely Avounded,
McNair receiving a musket ball clear through the lungs.
The following were captured and paroled on the field:
Captain A. M. Hunter, wounded.
Sergeant 0. D. McMillan, wounded.
Sergeant S. J. Maxwell, wounded.
Sergeant Geo. Gwinn, wounded.
Corporal Wills, wounded. S. J. Wolf, wounded.
E. 0. Peck, wounded. W. H. Scott, wounded.
Geo. L. Gillelan, wounded. Jacob Hartzell, wounded.
D. Wright, wounded.
Orderly Sergeant O. A. Horner, Sergeant A. A.
Annan, and Private W. A. Mcllhenny deserve special
mention for their bravery at Leesburg.
After the command having cut their way out. Ser
geants Horner and Annan, and Private Mcllhenny
were surrounded by the enemy, and single-handed
they forced their way through the Rebel line, using
their sabres to good advantage; joining with a few
comrades they brought up the rear and reported at
the camp at Harper's Ferry, each comrade having
slain one or more of the enemy.
Casualties in Company D.
Leesburg, Va., September 2, 1862.
Charles Davis, killed.  McCann, killed.
John W. Sullivan, killed. John W. Williams, wounded.
Esom Edmonds, wounded. Chas. Bennett, wounded.

36 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
The following day most of the command had got
ten safely back to Harper's Ferry, being familiar
with the mountain roads; Colonel Miles in command
at the Ferry, congratulated Major Cole for his gallant
fight against superior numbers of the Confederates,
and was surprised that the entire command had not
been captured.
It matters not how serious an affair may be, there
is always an amusing side to the same. There was a
comical fellow belonging to Company D, (George
Cox,) better known and called by every one the "Cap
tain," born and reared at Harper's Ferry; he was well
acquainted in Loudoun and adjoining counties.
Many the time was when apple jack was hard to
get; the Captain would swing several canteens across
his shoulder, visit some of his former friends and
neighbors, and invariably return to camp with can
teens full, and the Captain as full as the canteens.
He would be the life of the picket post and could tell
more amusing yarns than any man in the battalion,
and naturally became quite a favorite. There was
one peculiar thing that puzzled th© boys, and that
was after the fight at Leesburg, the Captain seldom
could be prevailed upon to go on a scout, or could he
be gotten into a fight; it had gone on for some time
and the Captain was requested to explain his conduct,
in his own quaint way he would remark he had killed
his man and he knew it to be a fact. He stated that
when he enlisted he had fully made up his mind to
kill one of the enemy, and if every Union soldier
would do likewise, the Confederate Army would be
annihilated. Naturally the boys were much interested

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 37
to know how and when the Captain had slain one
of the enemy, and in his own way, said, that when
Major Cole gave the command to charge, he was only
provoked at the Major for not giving the order eooner,
he had managed to get out of the field and had been
cut off, but struck the pike, leading to the Point of
Rocks, and had commenced to congratulate himself,
he was all right, when he discovered three horsemen
in his rear galloping towards him and commanding
him to surrender. Visions of the horrors of Libby
Prison and Andersonville loomed up before him, and
he concluded he would give them a run for it. The
loads had been shot from his carbine and revolver,
and knowing he could not contend against the three
"Johnnies" with his sabre, he kept repeating the
little verse about the man, "that fought and ran
away, lived to fight another day." He refused to
halt; he counted each shot as the enemy discharged
their pieces and was gratified when the firing ceased,
and two of them drew rein and halted, but one blood
thirsty Gray back kept thundering on behind him,
and was in the act of drawing his sabre with the
intention of cutting him down; (the Captain was en
couraging his horse and vowing if he succeeded in
making his escape he would never be caught in such
a scrape again,) he noticed a large rock in the cen
tre of the road; his horse cleared the obstruction, but
the Confederate in trying to draw his sabre pulled
his horse too close to the bank, and in jumping over
the rock his horse stumbled and fell upon its rider
and broke his neck. That is the way Captain Cox

38 cole's maryl.\nd cavalry.
killed his man. He contended that if the fellow had
not been following him his horse would not have
fallen and the rider would not have been killed.
COLE'S TROOPERS.
By Cohracs Jas. A. Scott, of Compasy C.
How the memories flocking come
Of the trial-days of war.
Blast of bugle, roll of drum.
Round the Heights of Bolivar!
From the mists of vanished years
Cole's brave troopers come to view ;
And the past all reappears
And is acted o'er anew.
We behold the column stand
In the serried ranks of war.
Heart to heart and hand to hand,
On the Heights of Bolivar.
Then we trace them from their camp.
Oft through battle fires and flames,
While their horses thundering tramp
From Potomac to the James.
And from Loudoun's hills and plains.
To and fro in strength and pride.
Marched they, oft with crimson stains.
To the far Ohio's tide
On the march by day or night.
Songs of love or war they sang;
How that one — their chief delight —
" Glory, Hallelujah !" rang !

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 39
'Neath the midnight's gloomy arch,
'Neath the sun's meridian ray.
When the summons came to march
Swift they mounted, and away!
O'er the river's rugged ford.
Over hill and mountain crag,
Subject to their leader's word.
Heart and eye upon the flag !
Oft in hunger and distress,
Scorching heat and bitter cold —
Their endurance none the less
Nor their loyal hearts less bold.
Wheresoe'er the foe was found
On they charged with shot and steel,
Or they nobly stood their ground
'Mid the cannon's thunder-peal !
Hear them shout at Winchester
As they dash into the fray —
Where in battle thrice they were.
Each a dark and bloody day !
How to mem'ry rise again
Charlestown, Smithfield, Berryville,
Woodstock, Eomney, Moorefield's plain,
Cedar Creek, and Fisher's Hill !
Leesbnrg, Aldie, Eectortown,
Waterford and Upperville,
Gettysburg — of world renown —
Loudoun Heights, whose mem'ries thrill !

40 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
Ashby's Gap, Monocacy,
Sharpsburg's day of loyal might,
Sad Newmarket's tragedy.
Piedmont's well -contested fight;
Fall of Staunton, Lexington,
Lynchburg and its dire retreat —
Empty haversack and gun —
In starvation, dust, and heat !
Some went down t« bloody graves,
Struck with shot or shell or blade.
Others died in mud and caves
In the horrible stockade !
Others perished by degrees
From the wounds received in strife,
Some a prey to fell disease.
Slowly yielded up their life.
Now the marches long and sore.
Fights by day, alarms by night.
Now the shot and cannon's roar.
Call to mount and march and fight
Are to them forgotten things ; —
But in reminiscent thought,
Mem'ry oft the spirit wings
To each well remembered spot.
And the rustic there at eve,
'Neath a dim and dusky sky,
In his fancy may conceive
He can hear them pass him by —
Hear the clashing of their steel.
Hear their song — now soft, now loud-
See the column march and wheel,
Men and steeds of mist and cloud !

CHAPTER VL
SIEGE OF harper's FERRY.
The command, ©n arriving at Harper's Ferry after
' their disastrous flght at Leesburg, counted up their
losses, and in a few days were again ready for active
service. The Confederates were moving upon Harper's Ferry
in great numbers. General Dixon S. Miles, U. S. A., in
command, was being surrounded. The great guhs on
Maryland Heights were booming day and night, the
forces at Bolivar Heights were contending with a
force in their front, and it was rumored the Confed
erates had crossed the river farther west, and the
enemy was gradually working their way in the rear
of the Union forces on Maryland Heights. It was
evident to all that Harper's Ferry must fall; there
was not sj)ace sufficient to handle all the troops con
centrated at Harper's Ferry; they were in a trap;
their opportunity for evacuating the Post had been
lost and there was nothing to be done but surrender.,
The rank and file thought they had been sold out and
did not hesitate to give expression thereto. After
the capitulation. Colonel Miles was shot and killed,
and it was generally supposed by one of his own men.
If he was a traitor he received his just deserts. A
great injustice has been done Colonel Miles, as he
was a competent officer, and the stigma upon his
name should be removed. He was under orders from
Washington, and it was his duty to obey.
3

42 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
There was a large force of Cavalry at the Ferry.
General Jackson was expecting to get the horses that
Lee's Army so much needed. Major Cole had his
little band of Cavalry drawn up in line, and stated,
that without a doubt, they would all be prisoners on
the following day. If the men so willed it they
should endeavor to cut their way through the enemy's
lines. Every officer and man in the command that
had a horse fit for duty told the Major they would
follow him, let it be to victory or death. Lieutenant
Green and Lieutenant Samuel Mills, of A and D Com
panies, urged their men to prepare themselves for the
worst, and every man was supplied with an extra
amount of ammunition. The officers of the various
companies personally superintended seeing that no
man carried any extra luggage.
Colonel Miles approved of the undertaking and
issued the following order : HEADQUARTERS,
Harper's Ferry, Va., 14th Sept., 1862.
Special Order No. 120.
1st. — The Cavalry force at this Post, except detached
orderlies, will make immediate preparation t6 leave
here at 8 o'clock to-night, without baggage, wagons,
ambulances or lead horses; crossing the pontoon
bridge and taking the Sharpsburg road.
2nd. — The Senior Officer, Col. Voss, will assume
command of the whole; which will form in the fol
lowing order: the right at Quartermaster's Office; the
left up Shenandoah Street, without noise or loud
command, viz: Cole's Cavalry, 12th Illinois Cavalry,

cole's MAItYLAND CAA'ALRY. 43
8th New York Cavalry, Rhode Island Cavalry, 1st
Maryland Cavalry. No other instructions can be
given to the Commander for his guidance than to
force his way through the enemy's lines to our army.
By order of Col. Miles,
{Signed) H. C. REYNOLDS,
Lieut, and A. A. A. Genl.
It was soon known that Cole's Cavalry was going
to undertake a hazardous task as soon as night ap
proached. (Officers and men of the different Cavalry
commands besieged Cole's camp and requested that
they be permitted to join with Major Cole, a"nd go
out with the Maryland boys; the request of course
was granted, and at ten o'clock on the night of Sep
tember the llth, 1862, Cole's Battalion took the ad
vance over the pontoon bridge across the Potomac
River, with their brave Major in the lead, and the
following regiments : 12th Illinois, 8th New York,
Battalion of the 1st Maryland, and a Rhode Island
Regiment, making in. all twenty-one hundred Cav
alrymen. Lieutenant Hanson Green of Company A,
with three men, were detailed as an advance, and
were the first to cross the bridge. Lieutenant Green
and his companions were thoroughly familiar with
the country, and their courage had been tested in
many an engagement. — If was deemed necessary to
have one in whom Major Cole had .implicit confi
dence as advance guard. One mile above Harper's
Ferry the advance was halted by Confederate pick
ets. The night was very dark. Major Cole coming
to the front with the command failed to halt, the

44 cole's mara'land cavalry.
Rebel vedette discharged his piece and felL back.
•The Cavalry continuing to advance until near Sharps
burg, Maryland, where they came upon the enemy
guarding a wagon train, and the Rebels supposing
the Federal Cavalry to be a Brigade of their own
command failed to fire upon them, Major Cole
captured the train without the loss of a man. At
daylight, when near Hagerstown, he discovered it
was General Longstreet's ammunition wagons, and
the capture of this train proved a great loss to the
Confederates. It has been said, that in a great meas
ure the battle of Antietam, which was fought a few
days later, was won to the Union' side because Gene
ral Longstreet's Corps of General Lee's Army had
run out of ammunition. But for the loss of the
train, captured by Major Cole, the battle of Antie
tam might have gone against General McClellan.
The train was taken to Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.
It is needless to state that General Stonewall Jack
son was surprised and disappointed the following
day, when he entered Harper's Ferry with his forces.
Miles having surrendered, to find that the large body
of Union Cavalry had cut their way out.
General McClellan was much gratified at having
this large body of Cavalry join his army, which did
good service.
It is just and proper that I should mention an inci
dent that occurred during the siege of Harper's Ferry.
Colonel Miles desired to communicate with General
McClellan, who was then at Middletown, Maryland;
Colonel Miles sent for Major Cole and communicated
his wishes, as it was necessary to have some one

45

carry this important message who possessed un
doubted courage. The message was of too great im
portance to entrust to one of his men, and Colonel
Miles stated he desired Major Cole, should deliver
the dispatch to General McClellan in person. Major
Cole left headquarters at midnight, and passed
through the Rebel lines, and safely delivered the
message. General McClellan personally thanked
Major Cole and sent him back with a reply to Colo
nel Miles at Harper's Ferry, where he arrived In
due time to take his command and other Cavalry
out of the besieged garrison.
Major Cole and his command were ordered by
General McClellan to annoy the enemy on the flanks.
The membership of the Battalion, whilst constantly*
receiving recruits, had now become greatly reduced,
their loss in- killed and wounded had been heavy.
The command being a perfectly Independent Bat
talion Avhich had been raised by a Special Act of Con
gress, was .subject to the orders of no one, e.xcept the
General commanding the Department. The Battalion
could perform more valuable service thn.n if they
had been brigaded. There was now not more than
one hundred and flfty men ansAvering roll-call, but
that small body of troops, captured, killed and
wounded more Confederates in the summer and fall
of 1862, than the Battalion had in active service.
In October, 1862, General Stuart's Confederate Cav
alry made their famous raid around General McClel
lan's Army, and the only prisoners taken from Stuart
was at Hyattstown, Maryland, where Cole's Cavalry
charged the rear guard and captured twenty-flve of
Stuart's raiders.

46 , cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
Captain Firey's Company B had not been with the
Battalion for some months, they had been detached,
and operating in the mountains of West Virginia and
Western Maryland. Firey's Company as it was known
in that section, had met with severe losses during the
year of 1862. They had performed much hard service,
and many of the original members had been killed
off, and like the other three Companies they were re
cruiting at all times. In the winter of 1862, Company
B again joined the Battalion at Harper's Ferry.

CHAPTER VIL
HARASSING THE ENEMY.
General Geary's Division started on a reconnois
ance to Winchester in the winter of 1862. Major Cole
with the command were again given the post of
honor in the advance. They captured a number of
prisoners at the various towns and villages" passed
through ; on arriving at Winchester the Battalion
charged through the town, driving out a small body
of Confederates. General Geary again returned to
Harper's Ferry.
The command was kept constantly on the go.
There was scarcely a day that Cole's men were not
on a scout either in Loudoun or Jefferson Counties.
Captain Baylor, of the 12th Virginia Confederate Cav
alry, had been annoying our pickets stationed outside
of Bolivar Heights. Baylor's Company was raised in
the neighborhood of Charlestown, Smithfleld and
vicinity, and was the same Company that had cap
tured the thirteen members of Company D at Smith-
field during the summer. There was more than the
usual desire to meet this particular Cavalry Com
mand ; the boys were anxious to repay them for past
reverses received at their hands. They had not long
to wait. Shots had been exchanged between the. two
commands almost daily for some time. At Halltown,
six miles south from Harper's Ferry, there is a small
stream of water. Baylor's men were doing picket
duty several hundred yards south of the stream, and

48 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
Cole's pickets a short distance north -^f the stream.
The men on picket duty arranged among themselves
that hostilities should cease at a certain hour of each
day, and both commands come to the stream and
water their horses. It was no unusual sight to see
Confederate and Union Cavalrymen watering their
horses at the same time and frequently exchanging
papers and trading coffee for tobacco.
A detachment of the Battalion, under command of
Captain Vernon, started on one of their daily raids,
and had gone through Halltown, driving the Rebel
picket from his post in the direction of Charles
town. A portion of Baylor's Cavalry attempted to in
tercept them; shots were exchanged, Baylor's men
falling back, when Captain Vernon's rear guard gal
loped up and reported the Rebels were coining up
the pike, in the rear. The 12th Virginia had as they
supposed the " Yanks" in a trap. Both front and
rear columns began to adA'ance more rapidly upon
Captain Vernon, down the pike. Captain Vernon
discovered he was in a tight place, but surprised the
enemy by charging the column in his front, with
drawn sabres. Baylor was completly surprised at this
move, and before he could recover, Captain Vernon
had him a prisoner, with a large number of his men,
including Lieutenant Baylor, a son of the Captain.
Captain Vernon gave the command to right about,
and with the prisoners he had taken, charged the
squadron who had attacked him in the rear, capturing
more of their number, and the rest scattering like
sheep to the fields and making their escape. The
most of Baylor's Company, with himself and his

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 49
Lieutenant, were brought safely into the Union lines.
Captain Baylor's Company of the 12th Virginia was
heard of no more, at least not in the vicinity where
they were organized.
The command received a number of recruits after
the first of January, 1863, and a large number of our
members Avho had been captured and had survived
the tortures of Libby Prison, Belle Isle ahd Ander
sonville, had now been exchanged and returned to
the command for duty.
The Battalion in the Spring of 1863, was again
ready for active work, and was ordered to Kearneys-
ville, on the Baltimore and Ohio Rail Road, twelve
railes west of Harper's Ferry, from where detach
ments were raiding the country and capturing Con
federates who were visiting their homes, for the pur
pose of placing crops in the ground.
Captain Vernon was Provost Marshal at this point,
ahd his guards were patrolling the country. A num
ber of Government horses with the "U. S." stamp
upon them had been taken from the farmers, and
all citizens desiring to pass through the lines were
compelled to get a pass from the Provost Mar.shal.
The Captain had his headquarters ina small one-story
log house, and all contraband goods captured, were
stored in this building before being sent to Harper's
Ferry. A citizen who had been selling* the soldiers
liquor had been arrested, and a barrel of whiskey
found on his place' confiscated. The whiskey was
brought to headquarters and placed in the room used
as the Provost Marshal's office; the driver after
unloading the liq-uor set the barrel on end instead of

50 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
simply rolling the same in, and it was not long before
every one in camp knew there was a barrel of whiskey
in the house, and some of the men were determined
to have it out. The guard was on duty day and night
at the front door, and it was no easy matter to get the
barrel out without being observed ; at last, one of the
men secured a long auger and gained entrance to the
cellar, ih the rear of the house. It was raining and
the guard had no thought of wha.t was going on; a
number of camp kettles were brought from the camp
and the soldiers in the cellar bored a hole through the
flooring and through the bottom of the barrel. The
liquor flowed through and was caught in the kettles,
passed out of the window and hastily carried off. On
the following moi-ning, when Captain Vernon dis
covered his loss he was not in the best of humor and the
guard received a severe reprimand.

CHAPTER VIIL
ENGAGE.MENT AT SHARPSBURG.
When General Milroy advanced up the Shenandoah
Valley, Cole's Cavalry continued their headquarters
at Kearneysville, and later, when General Milroy met
with his disastrous defeat at Winchester, June 15th,
1863, the Battalion with Major Cole in command, cover
ed his retreat and were the last Union soldiers to reach
the Potomac River.
After General Lee crossed into Maryland, the com
mand met a detachment of Confederate Cavalry at
Sharpsburg, and had quite a spirited fight ; we were
now acting as partisans and constantly annoying the
enemy, capturing their pickets and picking up strag
glers, and were on the move day and night.
Major Harry Gilmor was in Frederick; and Captain
Vernon with a detachment of forty men, charged the
town and drove Gilmor and his command through
the streets, capturing several of his men. The citi
zens, seeing it was Cole's men that had made the dash
into the town, raised their windows and cheered, and
the ladies waved their handkerchiefs as we went
throtigh. Lieutenant Link of Company A, deserves special
mention for his bravery on this occasion. Gilnior lost
one man killed and one wounded, besides three men
captured. It has been a disputed question when and where the
flrst gun was fired on Pennsylvania soil, and at what

52 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
place the first blood was spilled; let me state, without
fear of contradiction, that it was at a place called Foun
tain Dale, Adams County, Pennsylvania, near Monte
rey Springs, and by a portion of Cole's Maryland Cav
alry, under command of Lieutenant William A. Horner
and Sergeant O. A. Horner, of Company C. The Con
federate Cavalry were visiting the farms and pressing
into the Confederate service the farmers' horses ;
Ijieutenant Horner came upon a squad of the Rebel
Cavalrymen, at Fountain Dale, with twenty stolen
horses in their possession; the Lieutenant and his
men captured fifteen out of the twenty-five Con
federates, and recaptured the farmers' horses ; the
enemy lost one man killed and one wounded. Ser
geant O. A. Horner deserves special mention, having
captured a Rebel officer, who was a bearer of dis
patches from General Lee to General Ewell. The
dispatches were turned over to General Meade, com
manding the Federal forces and Avere of great im
portance. Sergeant Horner was later promoted to a
Major's position.
General Lee's Army had now passed through Mary
land into Pennsylvania and General Meade had sup
erseded General Hooker of the Army of the Potomac;
Major Cole was ordered to remain at Frederick with
sixty men and the remainder of his command, were
assigned to duty as scouts, guides and couriers, owing
to their fitness for this dangerous work, and their fa
miliarity with the country ; later following General
Lee into the Shenandoah Valley, where the com
mand was again united.

Cole's Maryland cavalry. 53
The writer was one of the .sixty men that remained
at Frederick with the Major; we were encamped on
the western outskirts of the town. The Maryland
Brigade, under command of General John R, Kenly,
were encamped several miles from Frederick, guard
ing the bridges over the Monocacy and the fording
at the Potomac River at the mouth of the Monocacy ;
Major General French was in command^ of all troops
around Frederick, and a portion of his men were
guarding the gaps in the South Mountain.

CHAPTER IX.
BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.  RETREAT OF LEE'S ARMY.

=-'a

The battle of Gettysburg was now being fought,
the booming of cannon could be distinctly heard ; it
was on the third day of July. A Company of Con
federate Cavalry drove in our pickets on the Har
per's Ferry Road, and had gotten into the town ;
"boots and saddles" was sounded by our bugler,
and in less time than it takes to relate this inci
dent Major Cole was in hot pursuit ; - we captured
five men and wounded one. After pursuing the
Rebel Cavalrymen to within a few miles of Harper's
Ferry, we returned to our camp at Frederick. In
the chase it was necessary to cross a wooden bridge ;
the Confederates had several of their men stationed
at this bridge and as soon as their command had got
ten across they tore np the plank flooring and we
were compelled to jump our horses over a space of
six feet, and had one of the horses stumbled he
would have fallen into the stream twenty feet
below. On the following day we again started for Har
per's Ferry with one piece of artillery; at the town
of Knoxville, four miles east of Harper's Ferry, we
charged a Company of Virginia Cavalry, and kept
them on the go until they reached the Railroad
bridge crossing the Potomac River. The Rebels were
compelled to cross the bridge in single file. Their con
federates on the Virginia side, having heard the flring

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 55
had swarmed to the river bank and opened fire upon
Major Cole and his little band. Our forces were com
pelled to fall back and await the arrival of the piece
of artillery that was following in our rear. Ina short
time the artillerymen arrived and opened fire, and
after a few rounds the Confederates fell back to Boli
var Heights.
Two of our men crossed over the bridge to the Vir
ginia side, with several buckets of oil that they had
procured at Sandy Hook, one mile from the Ferry;
they saturated the bridge Avith the oil and set fire to
it ; it was but a moment and the entire structure was
in a blaze. A large amount of forage that had been
removed from Maryland Heights by the Confede
rates, after the evacuation of the Heights by the
Union forces, was also consumed. We returned to
Frederick. General Lee had been defeated at Get
tysburg, and was now in full retreat. Cole's Cavalry
had destroyed the bridge at Harper's Ferry, which
Lee would have utilized in crossing the Potomac
River, had he been able to force a passage through
the gaps in the South Mountain.
On our arrival at Frederick the following morning,
two men were captured on the outskirts of the city,
that proved to be Confederate spies ; their actions
were suspicious, which caused their arrest. One of
the prisoners was a man I had known in Baltimore,
he had been connected with the Baltimore Argus,
a " copperhead" sheet, during and before the war, as
a reporter. His name was Richardson ; his compan
ion was unknown. They were thoroughly searched,
and in Richardson's boots, under the insoles, was

56. cole's marvland cavai.rY.
found the damaging evidence. General Buford gave
them a drumhead court martial, and they were
both hung on a small locust tree. Their bodies re
mained hanging for three days before they were cut
down, and their clothing had been entirely stripped
from their persons by the soldiers, and out in small
pieces, and retained as relics.
An incident that deserves special mention, occurred
during the retreat of General Lee's Army. Lieutenant
John Rivers, with twenty-five men, was following
in the rear of a Confederate Brigade of Cavalry. It
was near noon and Lieutenant Rivers, was informed
by a citizen that if he would ride fast he would come
upon the enemy not far in his front; the Lieutenant
with his twenty-five men started on a gallop over a
hill, and before he could halt his command he was
in among the Rebels. It was too late to turn back,
down the road the Lieutenant and his men charged.
The Confederates had stopped and were feeding their
horses on both sides of the road, and their bridles
were off their horses' heads. It was difficult to tell
which was the most frightened, the "Johnnies" or
Rivers and his men. Twelve hundred Confederate
Cavalrymen with the bridles off their horses. The
Rebels supposed that Lieutenant Rivers and his men
were the advance of a Brigade of Union troops, and
being taken so completely by surprise were willing
to surrender. The Lieutenant gave orders to " right
about" and it kept his men busy taking the revolvers
from the enemy. The Rebels almost to a man had
thrown down their guns, and called o}it that they
would surrender; before they had gotten over their

cole's MARYLAND CAA^ALRY. 67
surprise Rivers and his little squad were out of their
midst, with more prisoners than their own number.
After the Confederates realized the true condition of
affairs they gathered up their arms that they had
thrown down, and bridled their horses, and a portion
of the command followed Cole's daring riders a short
distance and then returned to their companions and
rode off in the direction of the Potomac.
General Lee had gotten safely across the Potomac
River, the Army of the Potomac was on its way to
Richmond; Major Cole's command was once more
united and in Virginia. Heavy work was now cut
out for the Battalion to perform, and in the fall of
1863, they were in the saddle constantly, and there
was scarcely a day that some portion of the conimand
was not in an engagement. It frequently occurred
that the Battalion left camp at Harper's Ferry long
before daylight in the morning, and each of the four
companies taking different directions, and after
scouting for several days, would concentrate at some
given point, perhaps one hundred miles from their
starting place, never failing to bring prisoners with
them. In the fall and winter of 1863 they fought the
enemy at Snickersville, Leesburg, Rector's Cross
Roads, Upperville, Charlestown, Mount Jackson,
Woodstock, Ashby's Gap, Front Royal, Edinburg,
NeAV Market, Harrisonburg, Romney, Moorefield and
other places, in which they generally came out with
flying colors, but in many instances not without
serious loss to the command in both killed and
wounded, and occasionally losing one or more of the
boys by being taken prisoners by the enemy.
4

58 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
For a time the Battalion was brigaded with the
First New York, known as " Lincoln Cavalry," and
the Twenty-First Pennsylvania Cavalry, under Colo
nel Boyd. '
Many instances of individual bravery and daring
came under my observation, but it is impossible to
mention each and every incident and member as
they deserve, space will not permit. Suffice it to
say, that every man in the command did his duty
as a soldier, from their brave Major Cole, down *o the
most humble private in the ranks.
The main body of the Confederates had now gone
out of the Valley ; Mosby's, White's and Harry Gil
mor's commands of Confederates still remained, and
were continuously making raids on the Union lines,
firing upon pickets and occasionally holding up a
train on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. Snick
ersville, Upperville and Rector's Cross Roads were
considered Mosby's stamping grounds ; many of his
men lived in this particular locality. Major Cole
concluded to visit this section, knowing that every
man, woman and child's sympathy was with the
enemy.

CHAPTER IX.

The Battalion left camp at Harper's Ferry, went
through Charlestown and captured a few men at
Berryville. It is proper perhaps to state that Lieu
tenant John Rivers, of Company B, had his accus
tomed place with the usual detail of six men from
each of the four Companies as an advance guard, a
position Lieutenant Rivers always took when the
command was on one of their many raids. The
command of the advance was given the Lieutenant
because of his daring and courageous action in many
a bloody encounter. The writer was fortunate in
being one from his company who was detailed to
make up Lieutenant Rivers' squad. When I remark
fortunate, I mean the men in the advance had a bet
ter opportunity of capturing prisoners, and as Cole's
men usually retained the revolvers and good horses
taken from those captured, the advance was a place
sought for.
After leaving Berryville we crossed the Shenandoah
1 River at Snicker's Ferry, and went through Snicker's
Gap in the Blue Ridge Mountains, where the advance
came npon a Rebel picket post ; after an exchange of
shots, they were compelled to give way and dashed
down the mountain side with Rivers and his men in
hot pursuit. A scouting party of Confederates were
at Snickersville, and hearing the yells and shots and
seeing their pickets were being driven in, formed in

60 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
line of battle to receive us; Lieutenant Rivers de
ployed his men and the skirmish became spirited,
when Major Cole with the command appeared in
sight and joined in the fight. The Major ordered
the Battalion lo charge the enemy, who were soon
put to fiight. They proved to be two companies of
Mosby's men.
We now advanced steadily in the direction of Lees
burg where the advance captured several prisoners,
and were a.gain confronted by the enemy, who were
routed. Small squads of Mosby's Cavalry were hover
ing on our fianks and a number in the rear, who kept
the rear guard constantly on the move.
At Upperville the advance charged the town and
received a warm reception. We were driven back
upon our main line, the enemy had evidently re
ceived an addition to their forces, as their numbers
now equalled that of Major Cole's command. After
fighting for more than an hour the Rebels were forced
back, and for a considerable distance it was a running
fight, the enemy retreating in the direction of Rec
tor's Cross Roads; Cole and his men were flushed
with victory and continued pursuing, getting farther
away from any relief in the event of meeting with a
reverse. The command had been on the move for
several days, the horses had been ridden hard in the
last twenty -four hours and needed rest and provender,
and as the command invariably secured forage from
the farmers on the route, — we had not had the time
of securing any.
Major Cole was for once indiscreet, and continued
following the fleeing enemy. As the advance n eared

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 61
Rector's Cross Roads, it was discovered that several
companies were advancing on a trot to join the Con
federates who were falling back before Cole. The
Major now discovered that we not only had our for
mer antagonists, whom we had routed in the morn
ing and the day before, to contend with, but several
additional companies, Avith fresh horses. It was evi
dent to all that we could not cope with our antago
nists, and the order was given to fall back, but not be
fore we had repulsed a charge made by Mosby. Af
fairs now began to look serious. A number of our
men had been wounded and several killed. Captain
Vernon of Company A, Captain Firey of Company B, ,
Captain Hunter of Company C, and Captain Frank
Gallagher of Company D, had been in the front of
their respective companies leading their njen on,
were now encouraging the boys and cautioning them
to stand flrm and not become disorganized. We were
falling back on the trot and were being hard pressed.
One of our corapanies would forra on an erainence
and receive the advancing enemy, whilst the other
three companies would continue moving on, and at
the next hill another company would form and per
mit the compapy that had been in the rear to pass to
the front and reload their pieces; by hard riding and
constantly checking the enemy's advance we were en
abled to reach our lines in safety with some fifteen
prisoners that we had captured in the different skir
mishes we had made on our raid ; we also destroyed a
large tannery at Upperville, that was turning out a
large amount of leather, which was being utilized by
the Confederates. We had met Mosby upon his own

62 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
ground, and considering that the command of Major
Cole numbered only two hundred and fifty men when
they left carap and had fought fully four hundred of
the eneray at Rector's Cross Roads, and got safely back
to Carap with only the loss of three killed, six
wounded and seven taken prisoners. Our forces had
captured fifteen prisoners with their horses and arms
and killed and wounded a number of the eneray, the
nuraber we were unable to know, and destroyed a tan
nery. We considered that we had not gotten the
worst in the raid. Whilst we were more often suc
cessful, we frequently met with defeat from the ene
ray's Cavalry and often had cause to remember Mosby,
Gilmor and Imboden. Colonel Ashby of the Confed
erate Cavalry had been killed. Cole's raen always
spoke of hira in the highest terras as a fighter; per
haps it is due to the fact that it was Ashby's Cavalry
that Cole's men met so often in the spring and sura
raer of 1862, and had Ashby lived, I am confident he
would have given the Union forces considerable an
noyance.

CHAPTER X.
RAID TO NEW MARKET.
The coraraand, with the 21st Pennsylvania Cavalry
and the 1st New York Lincoln Cavalry started on
a ten days' raid up the Valley. At Berryville, the
Battalion of Cole's Marylanders parted corapany with
the 21st Pennsylvania and 1st New York, they going
to Winchester, up the Valley and Cole's men frora
Berryville kept along the Shenandoah River, through
White Post, occasionally picking up one or raore
Confederate Cavalryraen at the different farm houses.
When the command arrived at Ashby's Gap we came
upon a body of the enemy whom we put tp flight
and then proceeded on our way, nothing unusual'
occurring. We arrived at W'oodstock, where later
in the day we were joined by the New York and
Pennsylvania Cavalrymen we had left at Berryville;
we went into camp for the night. At the Hotel
in Woodstock, the writer met a man whom he
knew, from Maryland ; he had left home for the
purpose of joining the Confederate Army, but he
had not yet joined any company or taken up arms.
I told him of his folly and advised him to return to
his home in Baltimore, and left hira ; he did not
take my advice, and later joined the Southern Army
and returned to his home at the close of the war and
served as a policeman for a number of years in Bal
timore. His having been in the Confederate Army
was a good recomraendation. On the following raorn-

64 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
ing we took up the raarch for New Market, Cole in
the advance. We captured several prisoners and a
large quantity of tobacco. We had six array wagons
which we loaded with the tobacco, and I regret some
of the men in the coramand did not observe the
usual discipline, but raided the stores in the town;
we started down the Valley and it was no common
sight to see a Cavalryman with one and sometimes
two boxes of tobacco strapped over his horse's back,
and the trooper walking by the side of his horse. In
some instances other merchandise had been brought
off. Had we been compelled to have gone into action
it is needless to state the plunder would have been
thrown away. The second day after leaving New
Market, we arrived at Charlestown, eight miles from
camp, the boys were beginning to count up their
gains and calculating what they would raake out of
their capture, when the coraraand was halted, and
after being drawn up in line, Colonel Boyd who was
the coraraanding officer of the expedition, rode along
the entire line and corapelled the men to place the
boxes of tobacco and other merchandise they had
brought all the way from New Market with them,
upon the sidewalk; wagons were procured and the
goods placed in them. That was the last seen of
what they all thought was going to bring thera a snug
little sura; some of the men were smart enough to
break the boxes and filled their saddle pockets, and
others rolled a quantity of tobacco in their blankets,
which was not seen by Colonel Boyd. They had
the laugh on their corarades, raany of thera having
walked all the distance frora New Market having

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 65
their saddles packed Avith the merchandise. From
that day to the close of the war Colonel Boyd was
not a favorite with Cole's boys. The goods were
turned over to the Provost Marshal as contraband
goods. On -the same raid sorae one had gotten into
a farra house at New Town and took frora the old
farmer a large amount of money in gold and Virginia
State bank notes. A large reward had been offered
for the apprehension of the thief. It was at first sup
posed that a meipber of Cole's Cavalry was the guilty
party, and in consequence the coraraand was deprived
of their pay for more than six months. After a
thorough investigation by Major Cole, ordered by
the General commanding the department, the raera
bers of Cole's command were exonerated frora any
coraplicity in the raatter. This little incident was
very unpleasant, whilst the raerabers did not hesi
tate to confiscate provender for their horses and food
for theraselves at tiraes, and perhaps a good horse
in exchange for one run down, they would not rob or
either would they perrait citizens and non-corabatants
to be robbed. The greater nuraber of Cole's raen were
from the best families of Western Maryland, and
would not tolerate such conduct among its mem
bership.

CHAPTER XI.
IN CAMP AT BOLIVAR HEIGHTS..
The command was again in camp at Bolivar
Heights, and the blacksmiths, as on former occa
sions, after coining frora a scout were busy putting
new shoes upon their horses. It was necessary to
have their feet in good shape at all tiraes, as a
Cavalry horse is perfectly useless unless his hoofs
are in proper condition. The blacksraiths of the
different companies always supplied each raan with
an extra pair of horse shoes, which the trooper
would carry in his saddle pocket, and could be
tacked on in a few rainutes in the event of his
horse casting a shoe.
The camp at Bolivar Heights was alwa,ys visited
by numerous soldiers of other commands on the
return of the Battalion frora their raids, and the
citizens of Harper's Ferry never failed to welcome
them back. Cole's Cavalryraen were privileged sol
diers and were permitted, when not on duty, to visit
the town at pleasure ; there Avas no guatd around the
camp. It is to the credit of the boys that they never
abused a privilege granted them.
The command had now been in camp for more
than a week when the bugles sounded "the assem
bly." Orders were given to saddle up. It was the
middle of the month of October and it had been
raining for two days, and no prospect of a let up.
The men donned their rubber coats, mounted their

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 67
horses, counted off by fours, and at the command,
followed their leader across the wooden bridge over
the Shenandoah River. The raen asked no questions,
they had becorae familiar with obeying orders, and
when they started out no one knew where they were
going or how long they would remain away, except
Major Cole or the officer in command. It continued
raining as we passed through Hillsboro' to Leesburg,
and as night was approaching we went into camp.
The detail that had been sent on ahead for forage
had returned, they had confiscated a bullock,
and it was not long before the boys were cooking
their coffee in their heavy tin cups and broiling
slices of befef on the hot coals of the fire. The
pickets were detailed and placed on their respec
tive posts. The men laid around the fires and slept,
not minding the rain which was coming down in
torrents ; there was no sign of an attack, for as Tom
Godfrey, an Irishman, a raeraber of Corapany D, re-
raarked : "The Rebels were too sensible to be out in
such weather."
Early the following raorning we were on the raove;
the roads were muddy. After scouting all day, we
had not seen or corae upon one single " Johnnie."
We passed through Snickersville, up the mountain
through Snicker's Gap, in the Blue Ridge Mountain,
down to Snicker's Ferry at the Shenandoah river.
The river was greatly swollen from the heavy
rain and fording was out of the question. Major
Cole stated it was necessary we should be on the
other side, and the raen should prepare to swim their
horses across the stream. On the opposite shore

68 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
was a soldier dressed in a gray uniform. He gave
instructions where the men should enter the river.
Major Cole, with the entire comraand, was soon
swimming their horses, and when we emerged from
the river, on the opposite bank, the Confederate, as
we supposed, carae forward and to our surprise was
one of our men. He had left Harper's Ferry the
sarae day we did, and had gone alone in a different
direction, and met us at this point. It now became
evident to us all why Major Cole was desirous to
cross the river.

CHAPTER XII.
THE VISIT TO BERRYVILLE.
Our scout informed us he had left the eneray's
camp several hours before, near Berryville. The
rain had ceased falling, but heavy clouds still con
tinued to hang over the Valley. Vivid flashes of
lightning would occasionally light up the heavens.
Major Cole informed the men of the true condition
of affairs and said it was necessary to have a detach
ment of the command visit Berryville, and have the
men mingle with the eneray, if any shonld be in
the town, and if possible ascertain the strength of
the Confederates reported there by our scout. We
should get all information possible, at the sarae
tirae to use the utmost caution not to disclose our
identity. Captain Frank Gallagher was to be in
charge of the squad.
Major Cole informed the men it was a hazardous
undertaking, he would not have any one detailed,
but wanted five men frora each one of the four Cora
panies to volunteer. It is useless to say that a raa
jority of the men in the conimand rode to the front ;
and as but twenty men were wanted it was decided
to take the first five men in each Company's file.
The writer made one of the number from his Cora
pany. Our orders were to go to Charlestown, after
leaving Berryville, providing we were fortunate
enough to get out of the town.

70 cole's MARi'LAND CAVALRY.
Captain Gallagher gave the order to "fall in" and
we raoved' off by "twos." It was night and very
dark, but we were farailiar with the road, and felt easy
on that point. It would take two hours before we
could reach Berryville, and the Captain would have
ample tirae to explain to each man his plans and
what tb do in the event of being discovered that
we were Union troops. A word was agreed upon and
given to us, and an answer to the same to be used in
the event we became scattered and should corae across
one-another. It had now becorae intensely dark and
the frequent flashes of lightning were blinding. We
had now gotten to within one raile of the town and
had not yet come upon the enemy's picket post. It
was decided if any one inquired to what command we
belonged, we were to tell thera a detachraent of Gil
mor's. The edge of Berryville was now reached,
many houses were lit up, and whilst we did not corae
upon the enemy's pickets, we soon discovered that
the town was full of Rebel soldiers, many of them no
doubt visiting their friends in the town ; the side
walks were lined with armed men. In front of the
Union Hotel and in the building, there could not
have been less than one hundred Confederates, some
with their muskets on their shoulders and others
with their sabres clanking by their sides ; naturally,
when we rode up and halted, they not dreaming we
were any but their friends, cbmmenced talking and
asking the prospects of meeting the "Y''anks." We
soon learned from their conversation that we were
talking to Imbodeu's men, and they Avere moving on
Charlestown, and perhaps Harper's Ferry. Captain

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 71
Gallagher had dismounted and entered the hotel,
and it was impossible to see his blue uniforra as the
poncho he had on covered hira alraost to his heels.
The proprietress of the hotel was in the dining room,
in the back part of the house, and when the Captain
entered the roora she looked up and at once recog
nized him, and as she remarked afterwards, she came
near fainting, as she at first supposed he had been
captured and his captors were bringing him in to get
something to eat. The tables in the room were
crowded with Confederate officers eating their supper,
and the landlady, whose name I regret I have for
gotten, but suffice to say, she was a loyal woman and
had frequently given Cole's men information on for
raer occasions. She took in the situation and informed
the Captain she had room for just one raore if he
did not object to eating in the kitchen; the Captain
kindly thanked the lady and accepted her invitation,
and in the far corner of the room, at a small table,
she placed a plate for the Captain, and at the same
time remarked she would sit down for a few minutes
and rest herself, as she was most tired to death. It
was a ruse of hers to have an opportunity to speak to
Captain Gallagher privately. She gave hira all the
inforraation he desired to know and let him out of a
side dqor where he joined his men who had been
waiting on the outside, and had becorae very irapa
tient at his seeraingly long absence; myself, with one
of the men, had gone to the farther end of the town and
we inquired from a Rebel soldier who was coming up
the sidewalk where the carap was located, he gruffly
replied "damn the camp, but do you know where I can

72 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
,get a- canteen full of apple jack?" I informed him I
thought General Imboden might have sorae at head
quarters. The "Johnnie" raurabled a reply and con
tinued on up the street. Captain Gallagher had re-
mbunted his horse as I carae up and the coluran moved
slowly through the town ; I rode by the side of the
Captain, at the head of the line. The Capta.in in
formed me that we should get to Charlestown as soon
as possible, and notify Colonel Sirapson, who was in
command at that point. Imboden, with two thous
and Confederates, was in and around Berryville, and
had gone out of town on two different roads, one be
ing the White Post road ; the carap fires could be dis
tinctly seen from the town, in that direction. The
lady at the hotel was unable to state in what direc
tion the second column of Rebels had gone.
Our little squad, under Captain Gallagher, had now
come to the road leading to Charlestown, and after a
short consultation we concluded that it was the better
policy to get out of Berryville as speedily as possible,
as we had accomplished our object. Our next inten
tion was to warn Colonel Sirapson, who was stationed
at Charlestown, in comraand of the 9th Maryland In
fantry Regiraent. This Regiraent had not yet seen
much service, and it was evident that it was Imboden's
intention to attack Charlestown. After leaving Berry
ville some three miles in our rear, and npt yet coming
upon any pickets, we concluded General Imboden felt
perfectly secure and had no thought that an enemy
was so close to his camp, and that he purposed start
ing for Charlestown early in the morning. On leav
ing Berryville we had taken the precaution of sending

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 73
three raen as an advance guard. The clouds in the
heavens had passed away and the moon shone bright;
we were now thankful it had not cleared off whilst
we were in Berryville, as our identity raight have
been discovered. Corporal Gibbons, with privates
Mills and McGTegor, who were in the advance, carae
dashing back and said they had been halted by a
picket guard stationed sorae distance down the road.
After a hasty consultation we concluded to flank the
picket post, and started through a dense woods ; we
had not proceeded far before our Captain uttered a
cry of pain, rayself, with others, hastened to his side
and discovered that he had been kicked by one of the
horses. His leg was broken and he was suffering
great pain. Being a non-comraissioned officer I as
suraed command and placed a man on either side
of the Captain, to prevent hira frora falling off his
horse. We were corapelled to move slowly and with
great caution through the woods. After some time
we carae to an opening, and seeing a farm house in
the distance I concluded to apply to the farmer, and
if possible get information that would place us on the
road leading to Charlestown; on arriving at the house
the column was halted, and myself with Sergeant
Alpheus Stansbury, of Corapany D, entered the gate,
and from the size of the mansion we concluded the
proprietor must be a person of sorae means and de
cided we would be more successful in getting infor
mation at the negro quarters than from the master of
the house. I rode with Sergeant Stansbury across the
lawn without attracting attention from the inmates

74 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
of the dwelling. On rsaching the quarters I dis
mounted and gained admittance; an old negro an
swered my call and after being informed we were
Union soldiers who had lost our way and wished to
be shown the right road, the old man woke up one of
the younger boys who was very anxious and willing to
act as our guide. After travelling several railes, we
reached a road that our colored escort said would take
us into Charlestown. It was now long after raid-
night, and Captain Gallagher was suffering great pain.
Every man in the squad was anxious to get the Cap
tain where he could get raedical attendance; day was
breaking when we carae upon the pickets of the 9th
Maryland, at Charlestown. We immediately took the
Captain to Colonel Simpson's headquarters and it
was deterrained that he raust be taken to Harper's
Ferry to have his broken leg set. The Captain was
placed on a mattress and raade as comfortable as cir
cumstances would permit ; he was given an opportu
nity to rest, having been in the saddle for over eight
hours since the time his leg was broken.
The horses and raen required food and rest, having
been on the raove and the raen in the saddle for
twenty -four consecutive hours; we concluded to re
main in Charlestown for a short time. Saddles were
removed from the horses and the faithful animals
given a feed and a good rub down, after which the
men rolled theraselves into their blankets and were
soon enjoying a rauch needed sleep. After allowing
the raen to sleep four or five hours, they were awak
ened and we continued on our way to camp at Harper's
Ferry; Imboden had not yet attacked the town.

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 75
Sergeant Alpheus Stansbury had been untiring in
liis devotion to Captain Gallagher, neArer leaving his
side, and on arriving at Charlestown refused the rest
he so much needed, and procured an ambulance from
the Surgeon of the 9th Maryland Regiraent. After
the Captain rested for a short time he took him to
Harper's Ferry, where he had his broken leg set and
properly cared for.

CHAPTER XIII.
ENGAGEMENT AT CHARLESTOAVN.
MA.IOR Cole, with the Battalion, did not arrive at
Charlestown until late in the evening, and then pro
ceeded to camp, at Harper's Ferry. Major Cole in
sisted upon Colonel Simpson, commanding the 9th
Maryland Regiraent, to vacate Charlestown and fall
back with his Regiraent several miles on the Harper's
Ferry road as soon as night approached; Cole telling
hira he would have a better chance to handle his raen,
instead of having thera cooped np in the Court House,
a position they were then occupying. Simpson re
fused to accept the Major's suggestions, saying he
would not leave his post until driven out. Major
Cole advised that in the event of an attack he (Simp
son) should take possession of the houses on both
sides of the street, as the eneray would not shell
the town and relief could come from Harper's Ferry,
Simpson replied he could take care of hiraself if the
eneray came down upon him. Major Cole reported
to General Sullivan the true state of affairs, on his
arrival at headquarters. General Sullivan did not
send reinforcements to Colonel Simpson, and on the
following morning, Sunday, October 18th, 1863, Gen
eral Imboden had surrounded Charlestown, and after
a feeble resistance the 9th Maryland Infantry sur
rendered. Colonel Simpson, with, his entire staff,
except his Adjutant who had been wounded, raounted
their horses, dashed through their own lines and made

77

their escape, leaving the men to their fate. Had
Colonel Simpson taken the advice of Captain Galla
gher and Major Cole, the 9th Maryland would never
have been taken prisoners and raany lives saved, as
they were confined at Andersonville for more than
a year; when the tirae came for the raerabers of the
9th Regiraent to be exchanged, not one-third were
living to return to their homes.
The noise of the firing at Charlestown, eight miles
distant, was no sooner heard at Harper's Ferry, than
the Battalion's bugles sounded " boots and saddles,"
and in a few rainutes Cole's rough riders were gallop
ing swiftly toward the echoes of battle. Captain
Minor's Indiana Battery and the 34th Massachusetts
Infantry, with the 10th Maryland Infantry, followed.
Cole's men, without waiting for the supports, charged
Imboden and drove him out on the Berryville road.
Imboden's Artillery of six pieces opened upon the
command with grape and canister, which caused a
check in our advance. Our support of Infantry and
Minor's Battery had not yet come up, and the Battal
ion deployed as skirmishers and fought Imboden's
Brigade until they arrived; Imboden fell back on the
Berryville road and our forces continued following
until after dark. Our loss was very heavy. The
officers and men of the command deserve the highest
praise for their gallant conduct in this engagement,
and in justice, I should particularly mention Captain
George Vernon, Lieutenant Samuel Sigler, Lieutenant
John Rivers, Sergeant O. A. Horner, Captain Hunter,
Sergeants Stansbury, L. M. Zimmerman, and Private
Smith, of Company D, were conspicuous for their

78 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
gallantry and bravery; private Thomas Smith dashed
into the eneray's line and brought two prisoners off
of the field with him. It would be an injustice to
others to attempt to individualize those who did more
than their fellows, although Private A. C. Roland, of
Company A, who sacrificed his life for his Captain,
certainly deserves special mention. Lieutenant Link
was leading his men when his horse was shot from
under him, and in falling the Lieiitenant was severely
injured. Captain Vernon who had been on the other
end of the line now dashed up in front of his men,
not knowing a company of the enemy's sharp-shooters
were behind a stone wall not two hundred yards dis
tant, shooting any one exposing himself at that dan
gerous point. Young Roland grasped the horse's
bridle in expostulation, at the same time a bullet
struck the faithful soldier, who died a moment later
in the arras of a corarade. Roland had never missed
a fight the Battalion had been engaged in ; he was of
an unusual happy disposition and was liked by the
entire command.
Major Cole had concentrated a number of men on
the raain road preparatory to making a charge upon
the enemy's battery, and we had advanced to within
a few yards of their line, when the writer of this book
was struck in the head by a rifle ball, knocked down
and the entire front portion of his hat shot away, and
strange to say no abrasion bf the skin was made;
the hat being drawn tightly over the head when the
ball struck, it glanced off. The bugle sounded
"charge;" I was again in the saddle, following our
gallant leader, charging the Rebel Battery; they

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 79
opened upon us with grape and canister and we were
met by the eneray's infantry, who checked our ad
vance; after emptying our revolvers in their faces we
fell back, to give the 34th Massachusetts Infantry an
opportunity to meet the enemy's column. Imboden
withdrew. It had becorae too dark to follow, and our
forces slowly returned to Charlestown, where we
encamped for the night. The coramand had been
fighting since early morning, and our forces had killed
and wounded a number of Confederates, had taken
seventy-five prisoners and five army wagons loaded
with provisions. The Battalion had lost sorae of
their best and bravest men, and on the following
morning when the Orderly Sergeants called the roll,
many comrades who had answered the day before
failed to respond; they had answered to their last
roll call.
The excitement of a Trooper's life soon "raakes the
living forget the dead."
Casualties in Company A.
Charlestown, W. Va., October 18, 1863.
Corporal Henry H. Eoland, killed.
Casualties in Company B.
Charlestown, W. Va., October 18, 1863.
Loss two men killed and three wounded, but are unable 'to
give the names.

80 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
Casualties in Company C.
Charlestown, W. Va., October 18, 1863.
Corporal W. A. Mcllhenny, wounded.
Edward Jourdon, killed. John Brown, wounded.
John Sites, wounded.
Casualties in Company D.
Charlestown, W. Va., October 18, 1863.
George Bartholow, killed. William Black, killed.
William Carr, killed. Henry Hoff"man, killed.
Louis Dawson, killed. George Bari, wounded.
C. A. Newcomer, wounded. Theophilus Brown, wounded.

CHAPTER XIV.
STRASBURG  MT. .JACKSON — THE CONFEDERATE "INDEPEN
DENT MARYLAND LINE" AT NEW MARKET.
Cole's Cavalry had removed their camp from Har
per's Ferry to Charlestown. One or more of the
companies would go out on a scout daily ; none of the
enemy had been seen since the flght with Imboden,
and a nuraber of new men having joined the com
mand, the different companies had their full quota.
The new raen were anxious that they should get into
a fight, they had not long to wait however, as orders
were received to prepare fifteen days' rations for a
raid up the Valley.
General Averill's Cavalry Brigade was moving on
Lynchburg and destroying the Railroad between that
point and Knoxville, Tennessee, in order to prevent
the forwarding of reinforcements by Lee to the be
sieged Confederates at Knoxville. The old Battalion
Brigade, with the 1st New York Lincoln Cavalry, 21st
Pennsylvania Cavalry, 34th Massachusetts Infantry,
Minor's Indiana Battery, and one Battalion each of
the 13th and 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry, had been
ordered to protect Averill's raiding brigade by inter
posing themselves between that gallant leader and
Lee's Army. They raoved down the Shenandoah
Valley to a point beyond Harrisonburg ; after Averill
had accoraplished his purpose, the brigade retreated
before Fitz Lee's division of Confederate Cavalry,
bringing in a large number of prisoners without sus-

82

taining any great damage. During the retreat from
Harrisonburg the Battalion covered the brigade and
was under constant fire.
The coraraand left camp at Charlestown the first
part of the raonth of Deceraber, 1863, with the 21st
Pennsylvania Cavalry, Colonel Boyd, the 1st New
York Lincoln Cavalry, 34th Massachusetts Infantry,
Minor's Indiana Battery, and two Battalions of Penn
sylvania Cavalry, one frora the 13th and one from the
14th — it may be possible that I ara mistaken in the
number of the regiments the two battalions belonged
to; they were new men and had seen but little service.
At Winchester the 1st New York left the main body
and joined the brigade further up the Valley. Perhaps
it may be proper to state that Cole's Cavalry and the
1st New York Lincoln Cavalry were fast friends and
had the greatest confidence in the fighting qualities
of one another; if a fight Avas on hand each command
could rely upon the other to stand by them to the
last. Cole's irien were in the advance through Strasburg,
where we carae upon a sraall body of Confederate
Cavalrymen, who fell back at our approach. The
advance had a skirmish at Woodstock; at Edinburg
the Confederates were increasing in nurabers. The
Major of one of the Pennsylvania Battalions came to
the front and requested that his men be given an op
portunity to go in the advance and have something
to do ; Major Cole granted his request and permitted
the Pennsylvanians to pass to the front; an hour had
perhaps passed by, when, in turning an angle in the
road, the advance came upon the enemy who had dis-

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 83
mounted and entrenched themselves behind logs and
rails. The Rebs opened a lively fire upon the advance,
who "right about faced" and carae to the rear sorae
what hurriedly. Major Cole deployed one of his
companies as skirmishers, who drove the enemy from
behind their entrenchments; the other three com
panies charged down the road and we soon had them
on the run.
Before Mount Jackson was reached. Major Cole,
with thirty raen, left the coraraand. Galloping down
the road a sraall body of the enemy's Cavalry were
noticed on our flank; we got in tlie rear of them before
being observed, capturing half a dozen, the others
making their escape. Two raen took the prisoners to
the rear, and the Major with the reraair^der of his
squad struck the raain pike and was at least one raile
in advance of the Battalion ; the column was fully five
miles in the rear. At Mount Jackson the Rebels saw
the small nuraber of men in the advance and raade a
stand; they had partially destroyed a sraall wooden
bridge crossing a stream, and when Major Cole's raen
charged down the hill the horses juraped over the
chasm, which was fully eight feet wide. The raost
of us got over in safety; as the Major's horse juraped
the ditch he stumbled "and threw the Major com
pletely out of the saddle on the horse's neck, and the
horse going at full speed towards the enemy, he
having lost all control over hira. Private Charley
Fosler, known as " Cole's forager," and called the
" flying Dutchraan," took in the situation at a glance,
and galloping up to the side of Major Cole's horse he
grasped the bridle and succeeded in checking him.

84 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
The Battalion had driven the enemy through Mount
Jackson and were advancing upon New Market. Any
one standing at the latter place can look down the
Valley pike for a distance of ten railes ; before we
had gotten to New Market the Confederate Cavalry
men could be plainly seen forming in line of Battal
ion on the outskirts of the town, and we knew a warm
reception awaited us. There had been several pris
oners captured, and from them we were informed
that the troops we were fighting called themselves
the "Independent Maryland Line." We had never
heard of this command before, a,nd after this particu
lar day at New Market they were never heard from
again. On entering New Market frora the north side, it is
necessary to ascend a steep hill. The Rebels cora
raenced shooting at long range, our coraraand advanc
ing steadily to within several hundred yards without
firing a shot; Major Cole then gave the order to
"charge." The eneray continued flring and stood
their ground until we were alraost among them, when
they broke and through the town they Avent at break
neck speed; for over four railes we kept up the chase.
It rerainded one of a great Derby race ; the men were
scattered over the road for a great distance. A
number of prisoners were captured and half a dozen
of the eneray killed and wounded. After discharging
our pieces we did not take time to reload, but con
tinued following the fleeing Confederates, who would
turn off the road at every convenient point, scattering
through the fields. Captain Vernon, Bugler Thoraas
Angelberger and myself sat upon our horses and

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 85
looked at the Rebels running with no one in pursuit,
our men having been halted, we watched thera until
they disappeared over the hills in the distance.
The Maryland Line was certainly greatly panic
stricken, and it is a question if the commander. Col
onel O'Farrell, was ever able to get thera together
again. Colonel O'Farrell is now the Governor of the
State of Virginia. I captured a raan by the narae
of Charabers, whora I knew in Baltimore before
the war, — and strange to state, I met this same gentle
man but a few weeks ago, — thirty-one years since the
above occurrence. Mr. Chambers had his horse shot
frora under him in the fight, and it was he that in
formed me that Colonel O'Farrell was in coramand
of their forces. The only person on our side that got
hurt was a correspondent of the "¦Philadelphia
Bulletin," who was in the advance with the command;
he was shot through the body on our entering the
town. I never found out whether the correspondent
died or recovered from his wound.
We returned to New Market, where the main coluran
had gone into carap for the night.

CHAPTER XV.
HARRISONBURG — STAUNTON ROAD.
Bright and early the following morning, "boots
and saddles" was sounded by the buglers. Colonel
Boyd, of the 21st Pennsylvania Cavalry, who was in
command of the expedition, ordered Cole's Cavalry
in the advance, towards Harrisonburg, which place
was reached in the afternoon, not having seen one
Confederate in onr front. A detachment of Gilmor's
Rebel Cavalry were following in the rear of our
column, which had the effect of preventing any
straggling. On reaching Harrisonburg the Battalion
charged through the town, the 1st NewYork and 21st
Pennsylvania had come up. Minor's Battery and 34th
Massachusetts Infantry had halted and gone into
carap sorae railes back; the two Battalions of Penn
sylvania Cavalry had gone on a reconnoisance to our
right and did not arrive at Harrisonburg until late in
the evening; one of our scouts reported to Colonel
Boyd that the enemy were coming down the Valley
in considerable force ; Colonel Boyd concluded to go
into carap at this place. Major Cole was ordered out
on the Staunton road, after going a short distance
from Harrisonburg the command came upon several
companies of Confederate Cavalrymen, and after a
lively skirmish they retired up the Valley. Major
Cole, after tearing down the telegraph wire, returned
to Harrisonburg and went into camp for the night.
The pickets were thrown out and at night the enemy's

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 87
camp fires could be seen in the distance. There was
every prospect of a fight in the morning. Colonel
Boyd destroyed a large amount of forage that had
been stored in a warehouse. Some of his raen raided
a number of stores in the town, the latter without
orders. On returning to Harrisonburg after our
skirmish on the Staunton road, the writer rode down
a side street in the suburbs of the town, the inhabi-
tants appeared to be very poor people, the houses
were small frame structures. I noticed in coraing
down the street a soldier with a large package on his
back and apparently trying to avoid rae. I demanded
hira to halt. He dropped his bundle and raade off;
what was ray astonishment to find he had thrown
down a large full bolt of muslin, evidently a part of
the booty taken from the store that the Pennsylvania
Cavalry had looted. I dismounted, and whilst won
dering what disposition I should raake of the goods,
two poorly clad woraen, with sorae half a dozen
children clinging to their dresses, carne to the door
of one of the houses. A happy thought came to my
mind that perhaps these poor people needed this
muslin, and I determined to let them have it instead
of turning it in at headquarters. I called the women
to rae and they told rae their husbands were in
Jackson's Army. I gave thera the bolt of rauslin and
adArised that they should raake it up into clothing
for their children. They thanked rae, and with tears
in their eyes saying, "God bless Cole's Cavalry, if our
husbands are in Jackson's Array." I have often
wondered if these two Stonewall Jackson's men lived

88 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
to return to their farailies. I started down through
the town to join my command; in passing the hotel.
Colonel Boyd, who was standing on the porch, called
me to him and informed rae that I should accorapany
a gentleraan whora he had been speaking to, and he
(the gentleman) would direct me to a house where a
Mrs. Johnson lived, one raile down the road, to whom
I should report and remain at her house until re
lieved; I should permit none of the soldiers to molest
this lady's property. I obeyed the Colonel's orders
so far as reporting to Mrs. Johnson, but I must con
fess that I ,left the following day without being re
lieved. If I had not done so I would have been
picked np by Fitz Lee's Cavalry. Mrs. Johnson and
her daughter were two ladies who had lived in Alex
andria, Virginia, and their strong Southern feeling,
and giving expression to the same, was the cause of
their being sent through the lines; they had located
at Harrisonburg. I reraained at the house of these
ladies until the folloA^'ing raorning; at early dawn
the reports of firearms could be distinctly heard;
a detachment of Cole's men, under Captain Vernon,
had raade an early start and come upon the enemy in
greater nurabers than they had yet seen ; it proved to
be Fitz Lee's Division of Cavalry sent frora Lee's
Array. I bade Mrs. Johnson farewell, she kindly
thanked me for what she supposed a service I had
rendered her, and I hastened to join ray comraand.
The object of our expedition up the Valley had
been accoraplished, and we were ordered to fall back.
Fitz Lee was following us and getting further away
frora Lynchburg. General Averill, seeing his oppor-

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 89
tunity, destroyed the Railroad between Lynchburg,
Virginia, and Knoxville, Tennessee.
Cole's Cavalry, whilst having the advance in going
up the Valley, were now transferred to the rear guard,
in falling back, and were fighting constantly for sev
eral days. The expedition had been successful, a
large araount of property had been destroyed and
over one hundred prisoners captured.

CHAPTER XVI.
IN CAMP AT harper's FERRY — SCOUTING AT LEESBURG.
After the fifteen days raid up the Valley the raen
and horses required a much needed rest, the horses
were reshod and the comraand left Charlestown and
went into carap at Harper's Ferry. Their stay how
ever was of short duration ; the weather had become
extremely cold, and the men had not had time to
prepare winter quarters before they were ordered to
move their carap across the Shenandoah River into
Loudoun County, two railes from Harper's Ferry, on
the east face of the Blue Ridge Mountain, known as
"Loudoun Heights." Tents were pitched and after
several days a portion of the command went on a
scout through Leesburg, to Upperville, under com
raand of Captain Hunter of Company C.
It was New Year's day, 1864; the thermometer in
this mountain country was below zero. The com
raand ran across a large nuraber of Mosby's Cavalry ;
our scouting party being greatly outnumbered were
compelled to fall back, and in crossing Goose Creek,
at Leesburg, the men were compelled to swim their
horses across the streara, and when they arrived at
carap raany of the boys were nearly frozen to death.
Their heavy boots had gotten full of water which
had frozen, and their boots were cut from their feet ;
A nuraber of the men were corapelled to go to the
hospital, where it was found necessary to amputate
their toes, and in several instances their feet ; which

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 91
had become terribly frostbitten. The command had
lost a number of their best men in killed and wounded,
and five or six taken prisoners in this raid.
William Millholland was among the number who
was severely wounded near Rector's Cross Roads.
After being shot and falling from his horse a cow
ardly Rebel dashed up and emptied his revolver
into Millholland's prostrate body, then riding off
supposing hira to be dead; sorae tirae after the en
gagement Millholland carae to, and was unable to
move ; the thermometer was down to zero. He had
despaired of ever seeing any one again, when a citizen
carae through the woods and Millholland attracted
his attention. The raan succeeded in getting hira
upon his back, and carried hira several hundred
yards to his humble horae, where he remained for
" four days. A scouting party passing by, the lady of
the house reported that a Union soldier was wounded
at her house; the officer in charge of the company
had Millholland placed in the ambulance and on the
following day they arrived at Warrenton, where the
soldier had his wounds dressed six days after being
wounded. He was never able to perform any more
service, and was raustered out of the army at the
expiration of his three years. Millholland was a
brave soldier and had b^en in many an engageraent.
The Battalion had been for sorae tirae very fortu
nate and had been coming qut with flying colors, but
this last reverse had somewhat put a damper upon
the spirits of the men for a few days ; it was not long
however before the boys regained their accustomed

92 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
self-assurance and were willing and anxious to meet
their late antagonists.
Snow had fallen to a considerable depth; every
thing about the camp on the raountain side looked
dreary in the extrerae. With the large nuraber of
our comrades who were under treatment in the hos
pital, and those who had been lost in our disastrous
fight on New Year's Day, left the Battalion with less
than two hundred raen for active duty. Those who
were not on detail kept to their tents, as the weather.
was very cold.

CHAPTER XVIL
MOBLEY, THE OUTLAAV — SURPRISED BY MOSBY.
An occasional scouting party from one or more of
the corapanies would frequently leave camp and go as
far as Hillsboro', nine miles distant, and after dark
would visit farm houses a few miles frora carap. An
outlaw, by the name of Mobley, with less than one
dozen men with him, had been reported as being in
the neighborhood, and it was for the purpose of cap
turing him that our raen were raaking their nightly
raids in the surrounding country. Mobley, with his
few raen, were never known to take a prisoner ; any
one falling into their hands would be instantly shot,
as they wanted nothing but the soldier's horse and
arms. A large reward had been offered by the Gov
ernment for Mobley, dead or alive, and onr men were
anxious to get this reward ; this is why the scouting
parties were hunting for him and his followers among
the farmers in the vicinity, whom he was known to
be visiting at intervals. He was afterwards killed by
a member of Major Means' Loyal Virginia Cavalry,
who claimed the $1,000 for his dead body. After the
death of Mobley, his few followers disappeared from
the neighborhood of Loudoun County.
We had now been occupying our new carap for two
weeks. It was two o'clock, Sunday raorning, January
10th, 1864; the stable guard had just been relieved,
when the tramp of horses' feet was heard on the icy
road, but a few hundred yards distant. The night was

94 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
dark and bitter cold; our guard on the edge of the
camp halted a column of horsemen he saw advancing
upon him. The Rebels, for such it proved to be,
refused to obey the comraand of the guard, who then
fired off his carbine. The Rebel yell resounded
through the mountain fastness; Cole's camp was
surprised. Colonel Mosby, their old antagonist, had captured
the pickets; he and his followers, raany of whom
were natives of Loudoun County, had crossed the
mountain and fell upon the camp, and then fired
a volley into the tents where Cole's men lay sleep
ing, raany of them no doubt dreaming of their
sweethearts and loved ones at home. No one who
has not experienced a night attack from an enemy
can forra the slighest conception of the feelings of
one awakened in the dead of night with the din of
shots and yells coraing frora those thirsting for your
blood. Each and every raan in that attack, for the
time, was an assassin. But we should remember that
war raeans to kill ; the soldier in the exciteraent of
battle forgets what pity is, and nothing will satisfy
his craving but blood.
The rude awakening brought Cole's hardy veterans
out into the deep snow covering the mountain, and
they promptly picked up the gauge of battle. Long
experience in border warfare had taught these gal
lant Marylanders to shoot at the horsemen, and not
attempt to mount their own faithful chargers.
For several nights Cole's raen had slept on their
arms, as they had been accustomed to do, whilst on
their many raids in the enemy's country, but a fan-

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 95
cied security led them on that fateful night to re
move their heavy boots and coats, and in some in
stances, all their outer garments ; they rushed -to
repel the attack, without waiting to dress, and for
some minutes the fighting was fierce. Lieutenant
Colston, of the Confederate Army, with Mosby's
command, fell immediately in front of my tent, at
the head of a Rebel company.
During the fight every raan was for himself. There
was no time to wait for orders, the cry rang out on
the cold frosty air " shoot every soldier on horseback."
Many of the Confederates whb were killed or wounded
were burned with powder, as Cole's raen used their
carbines. It was hand to hand, and so dark, you could
not see the face of the enemy you were shooting. It
was a perfect hell ! Every raan cursing and yelling,
and the horses were plunging and kicking in their
raad efforts to get away. When one of the poor beasts
would get wounded he would utter a piercing shriek
that would echo throughout the mountain. Mosby's
raen had eraptied their revolvers. The night was too
dark for thera to see to reload their pieces. They
were now corapletely at the mercy of Cole's Rangers,
who were using their carbines with good effect. Cap
tain Smith, one of Mosby's most gallant leaders, had
shouted, " fire the tents, shoot by the light," but his
order was never executed. A well-aimed bullet sped
through his brain and he fell dead from his horse.
The Confederates, who had expected that Cole's men
would raake but a feeble resistance, having been
taken so corapletely by surprise, now found them
selves in a trap in our camp. They were dumb-

96 • cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
founded. Captain Vernon, of Company A, had dis
charged the last load from his second revolver when
he fell with a ghastly wound in the head ; as soon
as his brave followers discovered that this gallant
officer was shot the vengeful bullets of the hardy
veterans fiew the faster. The Rebels seeing that the
bloody struggle was fruitless, the Confederate chief
reluctantly gave the order to retire.
Mosby had been badly used up ; our corarades who
had lost their lives on the last New Year's day, and
in other engagements, where he had been defeated,
were now avenged. It was difficult to tell how many
had been lost until after daylight.
The boys whe had been fighting so gallantly in the
snow, raany of thera with nothing on except their
underclothing, were now too glad to have an oppor
tunity to dress, and as many of them jokingly re
marked, they did not mind the fighting so much but
the next time that Mosby carae, they would thank
him to send word so they would have an opportu
nity to dress and be in proper condition to receive
corapany.

LOUDOUN HEIGHTS, VA., JANUARY 10th, 1864.
Bt Comrade J. A. Scott, of Compast C, WAaHiNQTON, D. C.
UpoH the wintry mountain side.
From succor far avvay.
With hearts in peril often tried,
Cole's hardy veterans lay.
The winds swept cuttingly and fleet
Across the frozen snow.
The shivering sentry on his beat
Walked briskly to and fro.
Their white tents rising from the ground
The Avind, with curious art.
Had so embanked with snow around.
They seemed of earth, a part.
The night closed down in bitter cold.
And as its gloom grew deep,
The soldier, in his blanket rolled.
Sought rest and peace in sleep.
From war and elemental strife.
Perchance his thoughts did roam
Afar to sweetheart, child or wife,
'Mid quiet scenes of home.
Perhaps he dreamed his toils were o'er.
His armor laid from sight,
The sun of peace ablaze once more.
Had closed war's dreadful night.

98 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
But hark ! what din is in the air ?
What rush the ear alarms —
And here and now with fitful glare.
What crash and roar of arms!
Alas ! alas ! that man should be
A more relentless foe
Than tempest on the land or sea —
Than winter's frost and snow.
Rise, soldier, rise ! thy sleep forego ;
Death rides upon the wind
In other shapes than frost and snow ;
On, on, thine armor bind.
Else, soldier, rise! thy soul in arms,
Strike, for thy Country's weal ;
For her, in dangers and alarms.
Thy heart and limbs be steel.
And up they rose, those soldiers proud.
Grasped arms with eager haste,
And dashed into the battle-cloud.
Upon the wintry waste.
And now, both to and from the foe.
Death-shots like fire-flies flew,
And here and there the trampled snow
Soon bore a crimson hue.
Some sank upon the icy ground
' Whom naught but death could quell.
And, fore-front, struck with ghastly wound.
Brave Vernon fighting fell.

99

Fierce shout and oath and yell and shot
Were mixed in horrid mirth.
Night's deepest gloom upon the spot
No light from heaven or earth.
One thought possessed the breast of each —
To yield they did not know —
A lesson of respect to teach
The daring Eebel foe.
Amid the horrors of the night.
With frozen hands and feet.
They stood and fought, nor ceased to fight
Till victory was complete.
The rolling years may come and go,
Survivors may grow old.
But not till death shall lay them low
And turns life's current cold.
Can they forbear to speak with pride
That makes the dim eye glow.
About the lonely mountainside
And battle in the snow ?
While Loudoun rears her height sublime,
Her stream runs to the sea.
Her airs shall in all coming time
Breathe of Cole's Cavalry.

CHAPTER XVIII.
PURSUIT OF MOSBY — ATTEMPT TO CAPTURE MAJOR COLE.
DoAVN at the Ferry, General Sullivan, the District
Coraraander lay. The ringing rifle volleys and echo
ing pistol shots awoke his forces and the 34th Massa
chusetts Infantry, Cole's corarades in many a bloody
fray, sprang at a double quick for the camp on the
mountain side, two railes distant. They arrived too
late to be of service to the Cavalry, which had won
the fight and wa,s already in the saddle in pursuit of
their ancient eneray. Sullivan rode over at daylight,
with words of soldierly praise for the brave fellows
who had so gallantly defeated the wily partisan in
his desperate attempt to "gobble them up" — an ex
pression frequently made use of in military parlance,
— nor were Sullivan's congratulations the only ones ; a
unique bit of war tirae history is the fact that the
General-in-Chief of the Arraies of the United States
sent a congratulatory telegram to a mere Battalion, —
the only instance of this kind during the entire war.
The detachment who had followed Mosby returned
to camp ; blood stains on the snow raarked the enemy's
retreat, and it was evident that a nuraber had been
wounded. During the day, a citizen living four miles
frora carap reported to Major Cole that an officer had
been lef t at his house severely wounded; the writer
Avas ordered to take a squad of men and go to the
farmer's house, after dark, and bring the wounded
man to camp. On arriving at my destination, I found

101

everything as the citizen had represented. The officer
was a Lieutenant, a man much larger than the average
size, a fine specimen of manhood, and perhaps twenty-
five years of age. The Lieutenant had been shot in
the breast, the ball going clear through his body; it
was evident he could not live; I spoke to him kindly
and told hira my orders were to bring him to carap,
but if he would give rae his word of honor as a
soldier and gentleman, not to be removed from the
farm house without first acquainting Major Cole, I
would assume the responsibility and permit him to
remain where he was. The soldier grasped my hand
and thanked rae, and said he did not see how one of
Cole's men could be so kind to one of Mosby's com
mand, after trying to murder us in our beds. I told
him to think no more of worldly affairs, but turn his
thoughts to heaven and ask forgiveness frora God,
the Great Father of us all. I returned to carap with
out ray man, and on the following day we received
word that the Lieutenant was dead.
When Mosby charged the camp, a special detail of
twenty men, under an officer, atterapted to capture
Ma.jor Cole at his headquarters, which was in a two-
story house on the edge of the carap, and by the side
of the mountain. As the officer and a portion of his
coramand entered in at the front door of the house,
the Major raade his escape from the rear of the build
ing into the mountain, and hastened to the camp,
where his presence greatly encouraged the men. Cap
tain Gallagher, who was still suffering with his broken
leg in an adjoining room to the Major's quarters,
escaped unnoticed. The Captain would not consent

102 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
to be taken to the hospital, and frora the time his
leg was broken, near Charlestown, he was never able
to perform any hard service up to the time of his
being raustered out of the array.
The 34th Massachusettes Infantry remained at our
carap during Sunday.
The officers and raen of the Battalion were recount
ing their individual encounters with the eneray, and
sorae of the yarns were extremely amusing. In
justice to all, every officer and man deserves the
highest praise for their action ; they fought as soldiers
never fought before.
General Sullivan sent Major Cole twenty gallons of
whiskey to be distributed among the men. It is
needless to say they all pronounced the General a
royal good fellow, and drank his health. If a suit
able raedal had been presented to the officers and
men, it would have been more appropriate, and even
at this late day Congress should recognize the sur
vivors of this fight for their gallantry, and place
them upon the roll of honor.
Casualties in Company A.
Loudoun Heights, Va., January 10, 1864.
Samuel Stone, killed. Harvey A. Null, killed.
Edward Stone, killed.
Captain Geo. W. F. Vernon, wounded.
First Sergeant Lewis M. Zimmerman, wounded.
John Killian, wounded. Edgar Badois, wounded.
Wesley Carnes, wounded. Martin L. Kaufman, wounded.
Simon Staley, wounded.

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. lOS
Casualties in Company B.
Loudoun Heights, January 10, 1895.
Sergeant Carnes, killed.
Captain John Eivers, wounded.
Sergeant Wesley Mann, wounded,
Samuel Eivers, wounded. Gotleib Fuss, wounded.
Casualties in Company C.
Loudoun Heights, Va., January 10, 1864.
Wm. H. Weaver, wounded. D. W. Longwell, wounded.
Casualties in Company D.
Loudoun Heights, Va., January 10, 1864.
George Burford, killed. Eeson Cross, killed.
Henry Howard, wounded.

CHAPTER XIX.
REPORT OF BATTLE AND COMPLIMENTARY LETTER OF
GENERAL HALLECK.
On the following day, after the fight, Monday,
January llth. Major Cole sent this report to Gene
ral Sullivan the Brigade Comraander :
"Sir: — I have the honor to report that my camp
was attacked, between three and four o'clock this
morning, by Major Mosby's coraraand of Rebel Gue
rillas, some four hundred strong, augmented by vol
unteers from Lee's Army. They cautiously avoided
my pickets and raade an irapetuous charge, with a
loud yell, on the right of the carap. In consequence
of the charge, the right Company, B, offered but a
feeble resistance, but in the meantime, the second
Company in line. Company A, was speedily rallied
by its coraraanding officer. Captain Vernon, who con
tested their further advance in such a sanguinary
manner as to form a rallying point ; in the raean
tirae, the enemy had charged the left Company, C,
and centre Company, D. The comraand was now
thoroughly aroused to the danger that threatened
thera, and one and all, frora the officers to the pri
vates, entered into the contest with such a deter
rained zest as led to the utter rout and discomfiture
of the enemy, leaving three prisoners in our hands
and a loss in killed, (left on the field,) of five, divided
as follows: one Captain, two Lieutenants and two

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 105
privates. They removed a large portion of their
wounded, as ray detachraent in pursuit observed
blood stains for railes along their line of retreat.
Our loss was four enlisted men killed and sixteen
men wounded, araong whoni are Captain Vernon,
Company A, seriously shot through the head, left
ey^ destroyed, and Lieutenant John Rivers, slightly
in the leg. I am happy to state that there are hopes
of Captain Vernon's recovery."
Brigadier General B. F. Kelly, the Department
Commander, upon receiving General Sullivan's ac
count of the flght forwarded it to Brigadier Gene
ral Cullum, Chief of Staff of the General-in-Chief,
adding :
" I cheerfully comply with the request of General
Sullivan, in calling the attention of the General-in-
Chief to the gallant conduct of Major Cole and his
brave comraand ; his repulse of a murderous attack,
made by an overwhelming force, at 4 o'clock, on a
dark, cold morning, evidences a discipline, a watch
fulness and bravery most commendable."
In due time, through the hands of Generals Kelly
and Sullivan, Major Cole received this dispatch :
"Headquarters of the Army,
Washington, January 28th, 1864.
" Brigadier General B. F. Kelly, Cumberland, Md.,
" General : — I have just received, through your
headquarters. Major Henry A. Cole's report of the
repulse of Mosby's attack upon his camp, on Loudoun
Heights on the 10th inst. Major Cole and his com-
7

106 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
mand, the Battalion of Cavalry, Maryland Volunteers,
deserve high praise for their gallantry in repelling
the Rebel assault. Your obedient servant, H. W. HALLECK,
General-in-Chief."
Lieutenant Colston, of Mosby's coraraand, was killed
immediately in front of my tent ; after the repulse of
the enemy there was taken frora the Lieutenant's per
son two passes, reading :
"Pass Lieutenant Colston in and out of lines at
pleasure. ROBERT E. LEE,General."
I was compelled to turn the passes into headquar
ters, by order of General Sullivan. It is presumed
the passes were used by our scouts to great advantage.
The Lieutenant also had on his person the picture of
a beautiful young woraan, and on the reverse side was
written "Your sister, Florence." The picture was
sent by rayself to Baltiraore, to be returned to the
young lady. I was never positive whether the lady
received the picture I had sent to ray horae until a
few days since. A raeraber of my faraily had given it
to a Mr. John Fowler, who was personally acquainted
with the Colstons, to be delivered to thera. A few days
ago, over thirty years after this occurrence, I was in
troduced by Captain Dudley P. Barnett, forraerly on
the staff of General Rhodes, of the Confederate Array,
to Mr. Frederick M. Colston, of the firra of Wilson,

cole's MARYLANt) CAVALRY' 107
Colston & Co., bankers, in Baltiraore, who told rae he
was a brother of the Lieutenant killed in Cole's camp
on liOudoun Heights, January lOth, 1864, and his
mother had received the picture. Mr. Colston had
also served as Major in the Confederate Army, and
is a raember of an old Maryland family, being a cousin
bf the late Honorable John P. Kennedy, historian.
The Battalion reraained in their carap on Loudoun
Heights until the middle of the month of January,
after which they moved to Harper's Ferry and en
camped on Bolivar Heights.

CHAPTER XX.
sent to avest VIRGINIA. — MECHANICS' GAP.
The latter part of January, 1864, the Battalion was
again ordered to leave camp for West Virginia, and
join the forces sent to pursue a Confederate Division
operating in that locality; the Confederates had
captured and destroyed a train on the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad. Colonel James A. Mulligan, with a
Brigade, including his famous Irish Regiment, the
23d Illinois Infantry, were in pursuit of the Rebels.
General Thomas L. Rosser, with his Brigade of Cav
alry, and General McCausland, were in command of
the Division of Confederates.
Cole's Cavalry, with a number of Federal troops,
left camp at Harper's Ferry and marched to Win
chester; thence to Romney. The Battalion in advance
captured the pickets at the latter place. A force of
Confederates were occupying a position at Mechanics'
Gap, four miles from Romney. Major Cole, after
capturing the pickets, continued to the foot of the
raountain and awaited the arrival of Colonel Fitz-
siraraons, commanding a New Y^^ork Regiment, who
was in command of our forces. A number of Con
federate officers, who had been invited by a citizen
living one mile from the Gap, to partake of his hospi
tality, were compelled to leave him and his family
rather hastily, at our approach, mounting their horses
and making their escape in the mountain; myself,
with others of Cole's men, however partook of the

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 109
royal feast that had been prepared for the host's
Rebel friends, to the great disgust of a number of
fair ladies who had come out frora Roraney to help
entertain the Confedcr.iU) officers. Perhaps it was
somewhat rude for the boys to seat theraselves at the
table without being invited, and eat that which had
been prepared for others, to the great disappointment
of the mistress of the house and her old colored
cook. I however insisted upon paying for the meal
and counted out flfty dollars in good Confederate
money. The comraand was ordered to attack the enemy in
their stronghold; the mountain on either side of the
road running through towers fully four hundred feet
in height, and the gap in the raountain is not one hun
dred yards wide. One Regiraent of Confederate In
fantry were stationed at this point to contest our ad
vance. If we could feucceed in forcing a passage, we
would then be in the rear of the Confederates retreat
ing before Colonel Mulligan. We crossed a sraall
stream of water at the foot of the raountain, a small
body of the enemy's Cavalry falling back at our ad
vance. When we had gotten to within a few hundred
yards of the Gap, the Rebel Infantry, stationed on
the top of the mountain opened fire. The Battalion
fought this Regiment the entire half day, using their
trusty carbines with good effect. On one side of the
road the mountain is alraost perpendicular, and at
times when one of our bullets took effect the Rebel
soldiers shot would plunge out in open air and
tumble clear to the bottom of the mountain. Why
the Colonel coraraanding our forces failed to use the

110 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
two twelve pounder cannon and shell the eneray from
their elevated position, has always been a mystery to
me, but I suppose the coraraanding officer had an ob
ject in not doing so, that he did not see fit to divulge
to those under hira. At the close of the day we fell
back out of range of the eneray's guns. Orders had
been given out that the coraraand would make an
early start on the following morning.
Old Billy Staton, a member of Corapany D, (who in
general appearance very rauch resembled Colonel
Miles, who had been killed at Harper's Ferry,) the
men would always address as the "Colonel." The
old gentleraan was extreraely neat in his dress and
the buttons on his uniforra were always bright and
shining. He wore a large brass wreath on the front
of his hat, with the letter of his Corapany in the
centre, that could be seen at a great distance. Uncle
Billy had been in the thickest of the fight. A rifle
ball struck the old man's hat, passing through the
brim, without injuring him in the least; one of the
boys dismounted and handed hira his hat. He coolly
remarked that "he was thankful to the 'Johnnies'
for not spoiling the handsome brass wreath on the
front of his hat." The old raan was a good soldier,
he had served in the Mexican war and could always
be relied upon in the time of a fight.
The comraand lost several men in killed and
wounded; the exact loss of the enemy was not
known, at least flve were known to be killed, as
they fell from their lofty height to the foot of the
canyon, or raountain.

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. Ill
Our pickets had exchanged shots with the eneray
during the first part of the night. At two o'clock the
following raorning the men were again in the saddle
and on the move, wo i-ode rapidly through the moun
tains until daybreak, Avlieri we halted and fed our
horses ; each man had been provided with sufficient
forage the night previous.* We were now within a
few miles of Moorefield, in West Virginia. The
smoke from a large camp fire could be plainly seen in
that vicinity. A body of soldiers was seen advancing
upon Moorefield, sorae distance off. It proved to be
Colonel Mulligan, who had been following the enemy,
on the west side of the mountain. Our Captain, who
had ridden hard from Mechanics' Gap, joined with
Mulligan and prepared to attack the enemy.. The
Regiment of Confederates whom we had fought the
day before, at Mechanics' Gap, had retreated after
dark, leaving only a small squad on picket, who had
been doing the firing at our pickets the night pre
vious. Tije Rebels could now be seen falling back in
the direction of Strasburg, with Rosser's Cavalry
covering their retreat; our Cavalry following, the
advance exchanging shots with the eneray. The
order was given to trot, gallop, and before the com
mand was given to "charge" a courier dashed up and"
our coramand was halted, and for some cause known
only to the Coraraanding Officer, the eneray were per
mitted to retire without giving them battle. Mutter-
ings of discontent could be plainly heard throughout
the ranks. The men were anxious to engage the
enemy, but they could do nothing without orders.

112 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
I ara stating plain facts, but do not wish to criticise
the action of any one.
Cole's Cavalry, with a Pennsylvania Cavalry Regi
ment, returned to Romney and back to Harper's
Ferry. The defeat of Mosby at Loudoun Heights
had given Cole's Cavalry a great reputation, and on
our return from the mountains of West Virginia, it
was rumored that the Battalion would be raised to a
full Regiraent.

CHAPTER XXI.
re-enlistment. — list of officers.
On February 13th, 1864, three-fourths of the Old
Battalion re-enlisted for the war. They were granted
a furlough of thirty days, and at once set out for
their homes, not however before visiting old Freder
ick City, where they were given a reception such as
no coramand ever received. Captain Vernon who
had been so severely wounded in the head, on the
night of Mosby's attack, and whose home was in
Frederick, was now sufficiently recovered to be up
and about. The Captain, with the Mayor of the
town, the corporate and County authorities, a large
concourse of citizens formed into line, and the whole
body marched through the streets. Church and fire
bells rang, fiags waved from every available point
and cannon boomed a welcome to the returning Bat
talion. It was certainly a gala day, and the recep
tion raade the boys feel proud. The HonoraTsle Madi
son Nelson, one of the Judges of the Court of Ap
peals of Maryland, raade a speech to thera in the city
hall, into which they were conducted to the strains
of " Horae, sweet horae." A banquet followed, after
which the members of the Old Battalion sought their
respective homes.
Honorable Augustus Bradford, the Governor of the
State of Maryland, sent for Major Cole and person
ally congratulated and complimented his Battalion
in the highest terms, and suggested that he augment

114 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
the Battalion to a full Regiment. The Governor
stated he had taken the greatest interest in the Cav
alry command. There was no difficulty in obtaining
the necessary authority.
Before the furlough had expired two additional
Battalions, of four Corapanies each, had been raised
in different parts of the State and reported for duty
at Frederick. Major Cole became the Colonel of the
Regiment ; Captain George W. F. Vernon, of Company
A, Lieutenant Colonel; Lieutenant A. M. Flory, of
Company B, Major of the First Battalion ; J. T. Dan
iels, a new recruit. Major of the Second Battalion ;
Robert S. Mooney, Major of the Third Battalion ; Ser
geant O. A. Horner of Company C, Adjutant; Lieuten
ant Da,niel Link, succeeded Captain Vernon, of Com
pany A; Lieutenant John Rivers, was raade Captain
of Corapany B; Sergeant Henry Buckingham was made
Captain of Corapany C; Captain Frank Gallagher
continued as Captain of Corapany D, but in the hos
pital, not yet recovered frora a fractured leg, and Lieu
tenant Sarauel Mills was in coraraand ofthe Corapany.
A very small percentage of the old non-comrais
sioned officers had been promoted in the new Com
panies, which caused rauch disappointraent and dis
satisfaction araong the members of the Old Battalion.
Colonel Cole said in speaking to the writer, of this
slight to the men who had assisted in making the
narae of Cole's .Cavalry a househald word in Western
Maryland, that it was a raistake he had often regret
ted. Influence had been brought to bear upon the
Governor and he had coraraissioned a nuraber of new
officers without consulting with the Colonel of the
command.

Colonel HENRY A. COLE.

CHAPTER XXII.
ROSTER OF OFFICERS UNDER REORGANIZATION.
The full Roster of the Officers of the Regiment was
as follows :
COLE'S MARYLAND VOLUNTEER CAVALRY.
Original organization of First Battalion, August
10th, 18^61. Augmented to a full Regiment April 20th,
1864. Field and Staff:
Henry A. Cole — Colonel, proraoted from Captain Com
pany A to Major, August 1st, 1862, to Lieutenant
Colonel, March 7th, 1864, to Colonel, April 20th,
1864.
George W. F. Vernon — Lieutenant Colonel, proraoted
frora Second Lieutenant Co. A, to First Lieutenant,
June 8th, 1862, to Captain, October 15th, 1862,
to Major, March 7th, 1864, to Lieutenant Colonel,
April 20th, 1864; wounded January 10th, 1864,
having left eye shot out in midnight attack on
camp by Mosby's Guerrillas.
J. Townsend Daniel— Major, March 19th, 1864.
A. M. Flory — Major, proraoted frora First Lieutenant
Co. B, to Major, April 20th, 1861; honorably dis
charged, October 2nd, 1864.
Robert D. Mooney — Major, promoted from First Lieu
tenant Co. I, to Major, April 20th, 1864.

116 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
O. A. Horner — Major, promoted from private Com
pany C, to Corporal, August 31st, 1861, to First
Sergeant, June 10th, 1862, to Second Lieutenant,
January 15th, 1864, to First Lieutenant a,nd Adju
tant, April 20th, 1864, to Major, February 1st, 1865;
captured .Inly 7th, 1864, and escaped same day.
Charles Ostrelli — First Lieutenant and Adjutant, pro
moted from private Company I, to Sergeant Major,
May 1st, 1864, to First Lieutenant Co. E, Decem
ber 30th, 1864, to Adjutant, February 1st, 1865.
Walter R. Way — Surgeon, proraoted from Assistant
Surgeon, April 20th, 1864; honorably discharged
and appointed Assistant Surgeon United States
Volunteers, December 3rd, 1864, by order Secre
tary of War.
D. W. Onderdonk — Surgeon, promoted frora Assistant
Surgeon, January 24th, 1865.
John Mfillvaine — Assistant Surgeon, proraoted from
Hospital Steward to Assistant Surgeon, May 17th,
1865.
H. F. Winchester — First Lieutenant and R. Q. M.,
(disraissed.)
H. H. Vernon — First Lieutenant and R. C. S., died at
Frederick, Md., June 23d, 1864.
Samuel J. Maxwell — First Lieutenant and R. C. S., pro
moted from Sergeant Co. C, to Corapany Comrais
sary Sergeant, January 1st, 1863. Re-enlisted as
a Veteran Volunteer, February 13th, 1864, pro
moted to First Lieutenant and K. C. D., July 7th,
1864; captured September 2d, 1862; exchanged
December 18th, 1862.
Charles Cole — Chaplain.

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 117
Non-commissioned Staff.
Charles L. K. Surawalt — Sergeant Major, promoted
frora private Corapany K, to Sergeant, Septeraber
1st, 1864, to Sergeant Major, January 6th, 1865.
H. G. Winter — R. Q. Sergeant, proraoted from Q. M.
Sergeant Co. D, to R. Q. M. Sergeant, May 1st,
1864, Veteran Volunteer.
W. L. Curreno — R. C. Sergeant, promoted frora pri
vate Co. C, to Corporal, June 10th, 1862, to Ser
geant, May 7th, 1864, to R. C. Sergeant, Septera
ber 1st, 1864, Veteran Volunteer.
Samuel J. Wolf — R. Saddler Sergeant, promoted frora
Saddler Co. C, to R. C. Sergeant, Noveraber 1st,
1864, Veteran Volunteer; captured Septeraber
2nd, 1862; exchanged December 18th, 1862.
Charles S. Long — Chief Trumpeter, proraoted frora
private Co. F, to Chief Trurapeter, May 1st, 1865.
James R. Scott — Hospital Steward, promoted from
private Corapany C, to Corporal, January 1st,
1863, to Hospital Steward, December 1st, 1864,
Veteran Volunteer; wounded at Leesburg, Va.,
September 2d, 1862; captured September 14th,
1862; exchanged February 18th, 1863.
James McDonald — Veterinary Surgeon.
Company A.
Captain Daniel Link — Promoted from private to Ser
geant, to First Lieutenant, to Captain ; honorably
discharged, January 24th, 1865.

118 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
Captain Franklin Hitchcock — Promoted from private
in Company C, to Second Lieutenant Corapany A,
to First Lieutenant, to Captain.
First Lieutenant Cooms — Deserted, 1861.
Second Lieutenant Hanson Green — Resigned, Decem
ber, 1862.
First Lieutenant Charles W. Beatty — Promoted from
Farrier to Fifth Sergeant, to Second Lieutenant,
to First Lieutenant, Veteran Volunteer.
Second laeutenant D. E. Orrison — Proraoted frora pri
vate to Corporal, to C. Sergeant, to First Sergeant,
to Second Lieutenant. Company B.
Captain William Firey — Dismissed May 30th, 1864.
The dismissal of Captain Firey from the Array
was greatly deplored by not only the members of
Corapany B, but by the rank and file of the entire
Old Battalion. Captain Williara Firey was a braA^e,
conscientious gentleraan and soldier, and ever ready
to do a kindness for those under him. The Captain
had been sick for some time, and when he becarae
convalescent he took comraand of his company on a
scout, and when the command went into carap for the
night, near Upperville, Va., the ground was very
damp, some one suggested that he, the Captain, lodge
at a house not far distant ; unfortunately the building
was outside of his picket line. During the night the
enemy charged down upon the picket post and cap- ,
tured several raen. Charges were preferred against
Captain Firey for being outside of his lines in the

119

eneray's country, and placed the blame upon hira
for lack of discipline. He was court-raartialed and
dishonorably dismissed the service, after serving his
country so gallantly for over two years.
Second Lieutenant Albert Metz — Killed inaction June
15th, 1863.
Captain Jbhn L. Rivers — Promoted from private to Q.
M. Sergeant, to Second Lieutenant, to Captain.
First Lieutenant Frank Burr.
Second Lieutenant Charles W. Mann — Promoted frora
private to Q. M. Sergeant, to First Sergeant, to
Second Lieutenant, Veteran Volunteer.
Company C.
Captain John R. Horner — Resigned June 10th, 1862.
First Lieutenant Washington Morrison — ^ Resigned
June 10th, 1862, promoted from Second Lieutenant
to succeed Annan.
First Lieutenant John Motter Annan — Killed acci
dently at Frederick, Md., November 14th, 1861.
Captain A. M. Hunter — Promoted frora Bugler to
Second Lieutenant and to Captain ; captured Sep
tember 2d, 1862; exchanged December 18th, 1862;
honorably discharged, September 28th, 1864.
Captain Henry Buckingham^Promoted to Corporal
from Private, Corporal to Sergeant, to Second
Lieutenant, to Captain; mustered out with Re
giment June 28th, 1865.
First Lieutenant William A. Horner — Promoted frora
First Sergeant to First Lieutenant, June 10th,
1862; captured September 14th, 1862; exchanged

120 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
February 1863; honorably discharged, September
28th, 1864.
First Lieutenant O. D. McMillan — Promoted from
First Sergeant to First Lieutenant, Veteran Vol
unteer ; captured September 2d, 1862 ; exchanged
Deceraber 18th, 1862; raustered out with Re
giraent.
Second Lieutenant H. I. McNair — Promoted from Ser
geant to Second Lieutenant ; resigned January 2d,
1864, to accept proraotion in 3d Maryland Cav
alry.
Second Lieutenant Williara A. Mcllhenny — Proraoted
frora private to Corporal, to Q. M. Sergeant, to
Second Lieutenant, Veteran Volunteer; wounded
at Charlestown, October 18th, 1863;mustered out
with Company.
Second Lieutenant O. A. Horner — Promoted from pri
vate to Corporal, August 31st, 1861, to First Ser
geant, June 10th, 1862, to Second Lieutenant, Jan
uary 15th, 1864, to First Lieutenant and Adjutant,
April 20th, 1864, to Major, February 1st, 1865 ;
captured July 7th, 1864, and escaped same day at
Middletown, Md. Company D.
Captain Pierce K. Keirle — Resigned June 18th, 1863.
Captain Francis Gallagher — Proraoted from Second
Lieutenant to First Lieutenant; captured Sep
tember 2d, 1862 ; exchanged December 18th, 1862 ;
honorably discharged, Septeraber, 1864.
First Lieutenant Robert E. Milling — Dismissed Sept.
1st, 1862.

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 121
First Lieutenant Samuel S. Mills — Promoted from
private to Q. M. Sergeant, to Second Lieutenant,
to First Lieutenant ; captured at Leesburg, Va.,
September 2d, 1862, and at Winchester, August
20th, 1864, escaping both times; honorably dis
charged December 2d, 1864.
Captain Tapham Wright Kelly — Independent Com
pany consolidated with Company D and cora
raanded the Company until close of war. First
Lieutenant Henry A. Bier, Second Lieutenant C.
F. Benchoff.
Lieutenant Sara Sigler — Proraoted frora private to
Bugler, to Second Lieutenant ; captured at Smith-
field, August 22d, 1862; exchanged December,
1862; honorably discharged, September, 1864.
Company E.
Captain G. J. P. Wood — Disraissed Septeraber 26th,
1864, revoked May llth, 1865, by order of the
President of the United States.
Captain John P. Forrest — Proraoted from private to
C. Sergeant, to First Sergeant, to Captain.
First Lieutenant Charles V. Duncan — Resigned June
8th, 1864.
First Lieutenant E. V. Gannon — Proraoted from pri
vate to Sergeant Company A, to First Lieutenant,
Veteran Volunteer.
Second Lieutenant John T. Hickman — Wounded in
action at Charlestown, Va., August 22d, 1864 ;
honorably discharged on Surgeon's Certificate of
Disability, November 2d, 1864.
8

122 cole's MARYLAND CAA'ALRY.
Second Lieutenant P. Walsh — Promoted frora private
to Q. M. Sergeant, to Second Lieutenant.
Company F.
Captain Williara F. Bragg.
First Lieutenant H. B. Younger — Captured August
5th, 1864, at Keedysville, Md.; exchanged April,
1865.
Second Lieutenant Uriah Garber.
Company G.
Captain George M. Kershner.
First Lieutenant Frank D. Kerr.
Second Lieutenant Thoraas McAtee — Resigned June
llth, 1864.
Second Lieutenant John T. Nolle — Promoted from
private to First Sergeant, to Second Lieutenant.
Company H.
Captain B. F. Hauck — Killed in action at Charles
town, Va., August 22d, 1866.
Captain J. W. Kraft — Raised Company of Heavy Ar
tillery, consolidated with Cole's Cavalry, assumed
comraand Corapany H, August, 18 64^
First Lieutenant E. H. Johnson — Dishonorably dis
missed, January 25th, 1865.
First Lieutenant Joseph B. Swaney — Proraoted from
Second Lieutenant.
Second Lieutenant Robert Butler — Proraoted from
private Company I to First Sergeant, to Second
Lieutenant.

123
Company I.
Captain W. L. Atkinson.
First Lieutenant A. Woodhull — Disraissed April 6th,
1865.
Second Lieutenant Alexander M. Briscoe — Proraoted
frora private to Q. M. Sergeant Corapany F, to
Second Lieutenant Corapany I, to First Lieuten
ant ; captured at Hagerstown, July 29th, 1864; es
caped frora Hospital, at Columbia, South Caro
lina, with assistance of Miss Carrie Karey, a
Southern lady, February 14th, 1865.
Company K.
Captain L. M. Zimmerman — Promoted frora private
to Corporal Corapany A, to Sergeant, to Second
Lieutenant, to Captain of Company K ; captured
at Leesburg, Va., September 2d, 1862; exchanged
Deceraber 10th, 1862 ; wounded at Loudoun
Heights, January 10th, 1864.
First Lieutenant George E. Owens.
Second Lieutenant B. F. McAtee — Resigned Novera
ber 14th, 1864.
Second Lieutenant Charles H. Barto — Proraoted from
Sergeant Company H to Chief Trumpeter, to
Second Lieutenant. Company L.
Captain John H. McCoy — Proraoted frora private to
Corporal Corapany F 2nd Maryland Infantry, to
Second Lieutenant, to Ca-ptain, and transferred
to Company L.

124 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
First Lieutenant A. A. Troxell.
Second Lieutenant Charles J. Gehring.
Company M.
Captain L. H. Greenewald — Promoted from private
Company F, to Sergeant, to Second Lieutenant,
to Captain.
First Lieutenant George M. Lease — Promoted from
private to Q. M. Sergeant Company A, to First
Lieutenant of Company M, Veteran Volunteer;
wounded August 24th, 1864.
Second Lieutenant C. A. Santmyer — Promoted from
private to First Sergeant, to Second Lieutenant.

CHAPTER XXIIL
SHENANDOAH VALLEY.
After the Regiment had been properly equipped
they saw much hard service and kept up the reputa
tion the Old Battalion had made ; they participated
in the Valley Campaign, with Sheridan, and lost a
number of men in killed and wounded.
The raembers of the first, or Veteran Battalion, as
they were called, had returned to camp at Frederick
City, their thirty day's furlough having expired, and
were now thoroughly equipped and ready for duty,
and were ordered to join General Sigel, then moving
up the Shenandoah Valley, participating in the
disastrous fight at New Market, May 15th, 1864.
The Battalion was only saved from annihilation or
surrender by their desperate courage, and superb
fighting qualities, that had before enabled it to cut
its way through opposing ranks of the enemy. The
Battalion suffered severely and many a poor fellow
bit the dust in this engagement. In this battle Sigel
was badly beaten by Breckinridge, and his Germans
completely routed, and many of them captured by
the Boys' Brigade of Cadets, from the Virginia Mili
tary Institute, commanded by Colonel Scott Shipp.
Colonel Shipp was wounded and the command de
volved upon Professor Captain Henry A. Wise, who
after the war becarae Superintendent of the Public
Schools of Baltimore City. The Cadets charged and
captured a battery. Senator Faulkner, John A. Wise,

126 COUE's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
and many others who have since risen to erainence,
were in the Cadet Brigade, which lost a large per
centage of their merabership in killed and wounded.
On the return of the comraand to Harper's Ferry,
the Battalion was again sent to Loudoun ; they had
not met Mosby since the latter's defeat on the 10th of
January. After scouting several days, we carae upon
a portion of his command at U^pperville, and also at
Snickersville ; defeating them at both places and
capturing several prisoners.
The two new Battalions of Colonel Cole's Regiment
went frora Frederick to Camp Stoneman, near Wash
ington, for the purpose bf being mounted and
equipped. After the defeat of Sigel, he was superseded by
General Hunter, who was ordered to clear the Valley.
of all Confederate forces, and these two Battalions
were temporarily armed with muskets and assigned
to Colonel Mulligan's Brigade of Infantry, which had
charge of a wagon train loaded with ammunition and
provisions sent to General Hunter, whilst on his
faraous raid to Lynchburg, Virginia. Two-thirds of
the old Battalion who were mounted and a number
of the new men owning their own horses, under
comraand of Major Daniels, and Captain Daniel Link
of Corapany A, had been detailed to take the advance
of Hunter's army, destroying a large araount of
Confederate property, including a wagon train cap
tured near Lynchburg. They participated with Hun
ter in the battle at Harrisonburg, June 3d, 1864, Pied
mont, June 5tli, Tye River, June 7th, and Lynchburg,

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 127
June 17th and 18th, and also at Lexington, Buckhan
non and Salera.
Lee hastened Early's Corps to the aid of the Con
federates at Lynchburg. Hunter was several hun
dred railes frora his base of supplies, and Early
massed such an overwhelming force in front of hira
that he was corapelled to fall back ; retreating up the
Kanawha Valley, in West Virginia. Early, instead
of continuing in pursuit of Hunter, changed his
course to the Shenandoah Valley, and had gotten to
Leetown, within ten railes of the Potomac River,
where he struck Colonel Mulligan's Brigade, who had
started with a supply train for Hunter's army, and
was repulsed. A portion of the old Battalion, who had
not gone on the raid with General Hunter, had been
sent from Leetown by Colonel Mulligan in the direc
tion of Winchester. Mulligan had sent his train back
to Harper's Ferry. In leaving the carap Cole's raen
went to Charlestown, and then out the Berryville
road. In going through Charlestown it was observed
that the citizens were congregating upon the street
corners, and from their general manner something
unusual was up. Lieutenant Sam Sigler, of Company
D was in comraand of our scouting party of sixty-five
raen. Night was approaching when we met a farraer
who informed ns that Early was at Winchester and
was expected to be in Charlestown next day. After
this information we concluded to return to carap, but
halted several railes outside of Charlestown, on the
Surarait Point Road, supposing that if Early was at
Winchester, the men of his command living around
Charlestown, some of them would get to their homes

128 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
in advance of the Confederate Army, and our conjec
tures were correct. I had charge of the pickets ; the
men were dismounted in a strip of woods standing by
their horses. I had relieved the guard after mid
night, and had gotten but a short distance from one
of the pickets when I heard the man on duty halt
ing sorae one, and called upon me to return to his
post. The corarade I had relieved frora duty I sent
to the reserve, with instructions to have the comraand
ready to mount. When I approached the sentinel he
had under arrest a horseman, who upon investigation
I discovered was a mounted Infantryman, and he in
formed rae that he belonged to Early's Array, and had
left his command at AVinchester. After a short con
sultation among ourselves we concluded to return to
camp and started at once. In passing through Charles
town on our return, raany houses were lit up; we
knew the occupants were expecting their friends, and
at daylight we carae into the carap at Leetown. Lieu
tenant Sigler started at once to Colonel Mulligan's
headquarters, with the prisoner we had brought in.
The raen unsaddled their horses, and the next instant
we heard the pickets on the outpost firing. The bugle
sounded " boots and saddles," the men had scarcely
•time to raount their horses when the enemy was upon
thera ; had onr scouting party reraained away thirty
rainutes longer than we had, the Rebels would have
gotten to the carap first. Our detachment of Cav
alry were instantly thrown out in advance of Mulli
gan's brigade as skirmishers and engaged the enemy.
Sigel who had been restored to the command of the
lower Shenandoah Valley, had his headquarters at

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 129
Martinsburg. Mulligan, with his Brigade, repulsed
the enemy, and Sigel immediately evacuated Martins
burg without coming to Mulligan's assistance, and fell
back into Maryland, after which he ordered Mulligan
to fall back across the Potoraac at ShepherdstoAvn, and
frora thence Sigel took his entire command to Mary
land Heights.
Cole's new Battalions were under fire for the first
time at Leetown and they behaved most admirably,
forming line of battle in face of an artillery fire with
promptitude that would have done credit to older
veterans. I do not wish to criticise General Sigel's move
ments. It is a Avell known fact that it left Early a
clear pass over South Mountain to Frederick, and
resulted in his nearly capturing Washington. The
Capital was defenceless until the arrival of the 6th
Army Corps, which General Grant promptly threw
around it.
On July 6th, 1864, Adjutant O. A. Horner had charge
of a wagon train sent from Harper's Ferry to Freder
ick, and reported to Colonel Higgins, in charge of the
post. Rumors of Rebels advancing upon Frederick
from Boonsboro^, had been received at headquarters ;
Colonel Higgins ordered a scouting party, coraposed
of raembers of the 12th Pennsylvania Cavalry and
Means' Loudoun Rangers, an independent Virginia
Battalion, to go in the direction of Middletown under
conimand of a Major Thorp ; about seventy-five men
in all. Colonel Higgins requested Adjutant Horner
with his few men, some eight or ten, to accorapany
Thorp, and take the advance. The coluran had

130 cole's MARYLAND CAVAtRY.
advanced to within one raile of Middletown, when
they carae upon the eneray's picket post; Adjutant
Horner iramediate ordered his men to charge and
drove the pickets upon their reserve, about twenty-
five men, who in turn charged Horner's sraall squad.
Major Thorp with his entire comraand "right about"
and dashed back towards Frederick, in the greatest
disorder, and behaving in the raost cowardly raanner.
Adjutant Horner finding it was irapossible to check
the enemy, was compelled to fall back and in doing
so, the Adjutant's horse was shot and fell upon its
rider, who was captured by the Rebels, but succeeded
in making his escape ; concealing himself in a small
negro cabin. The Confederates re-established their
picket post immediately in front of the house ;
Adjutant Horner found an old coat and hat belonging
to the former occupant of the building which he
donned and leisurely walked out into the yard and
succeeded in making his escape to the mountains,
walked to Frederick and reported at headquarters in
his unmilitary garb. After procuring suitable cloth
ing and a fresh horse he returned to his regiraent at
Maryland Heights.

CHAPTER XXIV.
MONOCACY BRIDGE — SCOUTING IN FREDERICK COUNTY.
On July the 9th, 1864, General Early was confronted
at Monocacy, Maryland, by Lew Wallace and General
E. B. Tyler, who had in their commands a number of
new regiments who were under fire for the first time,
some of these regiments had only been in the service
but a few days and were unfamiliar with the tactics.
Alexander's Maryland Battery and the 1st Regiment
Potomac Home Brigade of Maryland Infantry, Col
onel Maulsby, did good service. After fighting for
one-half day against the flower of the Southern Army,
(Early's Corps,) Wallace and Tyler were defeated with
a loss of nearly two thousand men.
The Sixth Army Corps had arrived and Washington
was sa\'ed.
During Early's invasion of Maryland, Cole's Cavalry
was not idle ; a number of the raen of the new Bat
talions had secured horses and had been in several
minor skirmishes. Lieutenant Colonel Vernon, with
a detachraent of the old Batallion, were for a tirae
separated from the Regiment, who were at Maryland
Heights and Pleasant Valley, Maryland. The Colo
nel's instructions frora the General in coraraand,
were to harass the eneray, capture their pickets, and
do all the daraage he could accoraplish. We were for
the raost part of the tirae inside the eneray's lines,
and performed a great deal of hard and dangerous
service, capturing a large number of prisoners, among

132 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
which was a Confederate Major with the mail for
Bradley T. Johnson's Brigade.
The battle of Monocacy had beeri. fought. Lieuten
ant Colonel Vernon and his small force of sixty-five
men were familiar with the country. The eneray's
Cavalry were overrunning Frederick County in sraall
detachments, gathering up horses from the farmers.
Our detachment had corae upon several small squads
of Rebel Cavalrymen and either captured or dis
persed thera. On our arrival in the neighborhood
of Middletown we were inforraed by the citizens
that an old gentleman, a farmer by the name of
George Blessing, living several railes distant, had
shot one or raore Rebels, and Colonel Vernon started
at once with his men for Blessing's farra. As our
advance was proceeding up the lane leading to the
farraer's house they were halted by an old gray-
haired man, fully sixty-five years of age, who de
manded that they should go back, or he would
shoot. The old gentleman was partially concealed
behind a large tree, with a rifle in his hand. Colo
nel Vernon called him by name and informed him
Ave were Cole's men and had come to protect him.
Mr. Blessing gave us a hearty welcome and said he
had raistaken us for the Confederates whom he had
exchanged shots with a number of times during the
day, and had driven off the eneray not an hour be
fore, who threatened to return and hang hira and
burn his property. To prove his assertion, he led
the way up to his barn yard, where lay a dead Rebel
and one in the barn, wounde^. The eld farmer had
some half dozen guns of different patterns; when

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 133
the roving bands of Confederates approached his
house he would warn them off, they would flre upon
him, and this old patriot stood his ground. He
would do the shooting whilst his sraall grandson
would load the pieces. Our coraraand reraained at
the farm house over night and the "Johnnies"
failed to put in an appearance; they would have
received a warm reception if they had returned.
Our men buried the dead soldier and left the
wounded prisoner in the hands of his captor, who
promised to have hira properly taken care of. On
the following raorning we raade an early start in
the direction of Frederick, picking up an occasional
straggler. Our advance carae near running into a large body
of the enemy's Cavalry. They turned off the main
road however, and we permitted them to go by with
out following them up, as we had received informa
tion that several Confederate officers had stopped
over night with a Mr. Preston, who lived but a short
distance from the road. Colonel Vernon was very
anxious that these officers should be taken, and in
structed me to ride on ahead with two men, and cap
ture thera, which I did. When I got to Mr. Preston's
house we captured four officers, who were enjoying
themselves under the shade of the trees in the yard.
We pounced upon them so suddenly, they did not
have an opportunity to raake their escape. One of
the officers, a Major, handed rae his revolver, which
I carried during the remainder of the war. My two
comrades each captured a raan; we were about to
return to the command which I knew would be

134 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
awaiting us out on the road, when I was told by a
colored servant, that one of the officers had ran into
the house. On investigating, I discovered him under
the bed in Miss Preston's bed-chamber. He quietly
crawled out, at the sarae time requesting me not to
shoot. After turning our prisoners over to the guard
Colonel Vernon and rayself again went back to the
house. The Colonel was personally acquainted with
the Prestons, and wished if possible to get some in
formation frora thera. On arriving at the house we
were invited to disraount and corae in, which invita
tion Colonel Vernon very politely declined, but sat
upon his horse talking to Mr. and Miss Preston, when
two Confederates carae riding down the lane. I was
concealed behind an outhouse. Colonel Vernon was
in plain view, they evidently imagined he did not
see thera, and no doubt it was their intention to
capture him. Miss Preston in the meantime trying
to warn the Rebels to go back. The Colonel reminded
her of her ¦ intention, and just as the two Confede
rates were in the act of opening a gate to let them
selves through I raoved frora behind the outhouse
and told them to throw up their hands. Before they
recovered from their astonishment, I had their arms
in my possession. We bade Mr. and Miss Preston
good day and joined our coraraand on the raain road,
continuing on our way.
We had now reached a point three railes West of
Frederick, on the main road, advancing cautiously,
having been told by the citizens that the enemy's
picket post was not far off. John Fraley, one of

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 135
Company A's flrst and bravest men, who was riding
by ray side, proposed we should ride on ahead of the
advance and stop at a public house, kept by a Mr.
John Hagins, who was a personal friend of Fraley's
although a strong Southern sympathizer, having a
son in the Confederate Army. Hagin advised us to
turn back, as there was a Rebel picket post at the
toll-gate, one quarter of a mile down the Freder
ick turnpike, and but a short time before' a small
squad of Confederate Cavalry had passed in that
direction. Fraley insisted that we should try and capture
the picket post before Colonel Vernon came up, and
if I refused to accompany him he would go alone,
which I of course would not permit. From Hagin's
house to the toll-gate there was almost a continuous
line of trees growing by the side of the road. Fraley
and myself approached the pickets, keeping well
under cover of the trees, until we had gotten up to
within one hundred yards of thera, when we dashed
out with a loud yell, at the sarae time discharging
our revolvers.
The Confederates went pell-mell into a sraall one
roora house, used by the toll-gate keeper as an office,
and closed the door after thera. Fraley was unable
to hold his horse, and he continued at break neck
speed in the direction of Frederick. I became alarmed
fearing the Confederates would discover that I alone
was on the outside, and perhaps turn the tables and
capture me instead of surrendering to one raai^. Fra
ley had gotten completely out of sight.

136 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
The frarae building the Confederates were in had
a sraall window at the side, the door was closed.
Thrusting my revolver in at the window, I enquired
who Avas in command ; the Sergeant who had charge
of the post was much excited, and I demanded he
should open the door and come out backward bring
ing his gun, and the reraainder to follow in rotation.
The small room was so corapletely packed they could
scarcely move on the inside, and had great difficulty
in opening the door. The Sergeant was the first to
come out, as I directed, closing the door with his
back to me, and I ordered the Sergeant to place his
gun against the side of the building, after which he
returned to the inside, sending another one of his
raen out. There were but four soldiers in all, and
some six or eight citizens who had been visiting the
picket post when Fraley and myself charged down
upon them. One old gentleman assured rae he was a
Union man, and had advised the Rebels to surren
der. Colonel Vernon had heartl our shots and came
galloping to the front and was greatly surprised to
find me guarding the building, with the prisoners
on the inside. Fraley had succeeded in checking his
horse and was now returning up the road and was
rauch chagrined at not being present at the surren
der of the pickets. It is useless to state that- Colo
nel Vernon was much pleased Avith the capture. We
stationed our pickets at this point, and the command
removed a short distance, fed our horses and re
mained over night.

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRA'. 137
In the raorning the coramand cautiously advanced
upon Frederick. The rear guard of Early's Army
had gone out the night before in the direction of
Washington. The coramand returned to Harper's
Ferry. Early returned to Virginia pursued by Eraory
and Crook.

CHAPTER XXV.
return to VIRGINIA.
When Early's coraraand crossed the Potoraac into
Maryland, before Colonel Vernon had been sent with
his detachment to harass the enemy, Cole's Cavalry
fought a force of Confederates at Brownsville, Mary
land, driving them out of Pleasant Valley, through
Crarapton's Gap. The new Battalions lost a number
of men in killed and wounded in the two days skir
mishing ; the officers and men behaving and fighting
in the raost soldierly manner.
There is an incident connected with the battle of
Monocacy that perhaps should be mentioned. After
the Union forces were compelled to fall back before
Early, a number of raw recruits became panic-stricken ;
the officers failed to control their men. General E. B.
Tyler, who had achieved distinction on more than
one occasion npon the battlefield, was powerless to
check the rout, and was one of the last to leave the
fleld. In his anxiety for the safety of his men he
failed to notice that his own retreat was cut off.
Lieutenant E. Y. Goldsborough, a brave and gallant
Marylander, a resident of Frederick City, was a
special Aide upon General Tyler's staff and could
have made his escape, but he refused to leave his
chief as other members of the staff had done. The
General and this faithful officer were now entirely
surrounded by the enemy's cavalry and were com
pelled to seek safety in a dense thicket of under-

Cole's marVland cavalry. 139
brush, near Mount Pleasant, five railes east of
Frederick. These two officers remained concealed
for over two days, when rayself, with twenty raen
who had been sent on a reconnoisance, got infor
mation from a loyal citizen that a Union officer of
high rank had been cut off and could be found at the
point designated.
I took the liberty of pressing into service a carriage,
— the driver said he was then on the way to attend a
funeral ; his story raay have been correct, but at that
tirae it raattered little to us. General Tyler and Lieu
tenant Goldsborough both expressed their thanks at
being relieved from their perilous position; they oc
cupied the carriage and I had them conveyed to Fred
erick City, where our forces were again in possession.
After the war I becarae intiraately acquainted with
both of these officers. The carriage was not returned
to the owner, a Mr. Ulrich, who kept a livery stable
in Frederick for several raonths after this occurrence,
it having been sent to Washington. Mr. Ulrich no
doubt realized a handsome sum frora the Govern
raent for its use.
Early had now returned to Virginia, pursued by
Eraory and Crook. Colonel Cole, with the entire
raounted portion of the command, were attached to
General Crook's division, and those of the new Bat
talions who had not been mounted, were sent to Ha
gerstown and given condemned horses frora the cor
ral ; they later joined the Regiment, and saw much
hard service. Early was retreating in the direction
of Winchester, through Snicker's Gap, and across the
Shenandoah River at Snicker's Ferry. Cole's Cav-

140 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
airy assisted in capturing a portion of Early's wagon
train near Snickersville. Many of the wagons cap
tured contained raerchandise that had been stolen
frora storekeepers during Early's raid in Maryland.
One wagon captured had been used by the Paymaster
of the Rebel Army, and contained thousands of dol
lars in Confederate money, and several thousand dol
lars in United States greenbacks, which were secured
by two members of Company B, of Cole's command.
On July 24th, Crook attacked Early at Kernstown,
and was defeated. The mounted portion of Cole's
new Battalions suffered severely. Colonel Mulligan
who had distinguished hiraself upon more than one
occasion, was killed in this fight. His death was a
great loss to the Federal Army in the Shenandoah
Valley. General Crook fell back to Harper's Ferry ;
his loss at Kernstown being over twelve hundred
raen. Private Franklin Dickson, of Corapany A, was se
verely wounded in this engageraent, and was sent
to the hospital at Winchester, The doctor in charge,
after an examination, decided his arra should be am
putated. Dickson refused to have his limb taken off,
and overheard the surgeon tell one of his attendants
that the eneray would be ih town in a short tirae and
those in the hospitals would be prisoners. Dickson,
although suffering with his shattered arm, got out
of the window and took possession of an ambulance
that was standing at the door, with several wounded
raen, and placing the reins in his one hand, drove
out of Winchester in the direction of Martinsburg, as
the Confederates carae in at the other end of the

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 141
town. On arriving at Martinsburg he reported to the
surgeon in charge of the hospital at that place. The
corarades he had brought with him were taken in
charge and the surgeon stated Dickson should re
main. After examining the arm, which had become
greatly inflamed, he said that his life depended upon
the araputation of it. Dickson again refused to have
his arra amputated, and walked from Martinsburg to
Williamsport, Maryland, a distance of twelve miles,
taking a stage coach at that place to Hagerstown and
from thence to Frederick City, in an army wagon.
At the hospital in Frederick, the surgeon operated
upon the arm ; an old Army surgeon stating his arm
raight be saved. Dickson suffered for raore than ten
years after the war, when Dr. Stone, of Mount Pleas
ant, Frederick County, performed an operation, tak
ing a large amount of decayed bone from the arra,
after which the wound healed up. Private Dickson
had been wounded on two forraer occasions ; once
receiving a severe sabre cut over the head. He was
one of Cole's raost daring raen ; he was born in Fred
erick County, Maryland.

CHAPTER XXVI.
RETURN TO MARYLAND — FIGHT AT HAGERSTOWN AND
SHARPSBURG.
A PORTION of the old Battalion was sent to Ha
gerstown and joined with the new Corapanies, who
had secured horses frora the corrals at that point.
Lieutenant Colonel Vernon was in coraraand and
Captain Louis M. Ziraraerraan was acting as Provost
Marshal. Colonel Cole, with the reraainder of the
Regiraent, was stationed at Sharpsburg, and two com
panies at Williamsport, under command of Captain
William Bragg, and Company I, -under command of
Captain Atkinson, near Dam No. 4.
On the morning of July 29th, 1864, having been at
Hagerstown but a few days, one of our scouts re
ported the eneray crossing the Potomac River at
Williamsport and going north. Colonel Vernon at
once sent me to Williamsport, with a dispatch to
Captain Bragg, who was then the senior officer in
coramand at that post. The Rebels had not yet
made their appearance at Williamsport.
Captain Williara Atkinson, of Corapany I, sent a
detail, under coraraand of Lieutenant Alexander M.
Briscoe, to the fording, at Dam No. 4; during the
afternoon two Companies of the 10th West Virginia
Cavalry and one Corapany of the 12th Pennsylvania
Cavalry were driven back upon Captain Atkinson's
position. Captain Atkinson being the senior officer,
commanded the four Companies and retreated in the

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY' 143
direction of Pennsylvania, pursued by the enemy's
Cavalry, not however before sending a courier down
to the fording, with instructions for Lieutenant Bris
coe, to fall back. The enemy had attempted to cross
the river at Dam No. 4 and were repulsed by the
small force at that post. Lieutenant Briscoe seeing
he had a full Company to contend against, had given
the order for the men to fall back, but before he
mounted his horse he fired his carbine at the Rebel
Captain, killing him, and the body floated down the
river. The Confederates seeing their Captain was
killed, becarae confused. Briscoe ordered his raen
to again open flre, the enemy retreating on the south
bank of the river. Lieutenant Briscoe fell back to
Hagerstown going with Major Mooney.
I returned to Hagerstown, and had scarcely time
to report to Captain Zimmerman, the Provost Mar
shal, when firing was heard on the southern outskirts
of the towri; the pickets had been attacked and were
falling back. " Boots and Saddles" were being
sounded by the buglers, and Major Robert Mooney
Avas in command of our four Companies. Lieuten
ant Colonel Vernon had taken a small portion of the
comraand down to the river, and joined with Bragg,
who had been attacked by a superior force and fell
back on Sharpsburg, joining with Colonel Cole.
Major Mooney deployed the men and fought through
the streets of Hagerstown. We were forced back by
the Confederates, after fighting three hours, falling
back. on the road leading to Greencastle, Pennsylva
nia. After being driven out of Hagerstown a short
distance, what' was our astonishment to find General

144 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
Averill's Brigade drawn up in line ; they did not
engage the enemy as the Rebels halted on the north
ern edge of the town. General Averill fell back to
Greencastle and encamped for the night.
In the fight at Hagerstown the command lost a
number in killed and wounded, and a few taken pris
oners, including Lieutenant Briscoe, who behaved so
gallantly in the early part of the day, at Dam No. 4.
The Lieutenant's horse was shot from under hira and
in falling Briscoe's hip was dislocated ; he was sent
to Columbia, S. C. Major Mooney distinguished him
self for bravery, and was the last of our raen to leave
the town. Adjutant O A. Horner had his horse shot
from under him, and deserves special mention for his
bravery. Captain Zimmerman had a number of men
in his Company who had not yet received bridles or
saddles, but the men insisted upon taking a part in
the fight, and mounted their horses bare-back, with
nothing on the horse's head except a halter. I regret
that I have not the names of these comrades as they
should be raentioned individually.
Colonel Cole, after being joined by Lieutenant
Colonel Vernon, near Sharpsburg, where they en
gaged the enemy, had been more successful, having
routed the Confederates and captured some prison
ers, after which Vernon proceeded to the Gaps in the
South Mountain, leading to Frederick.
On arriving at Greencastle, I remained over night
at the house of a relative, and on the following raorn
ing joined my command with Averill, who had fallen
back to a small town, six or seven miles east of Cham
bersburg. Before overtaking Averill I was joined on

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 145
the road by one of our scouts, who stated the Rebels
were making for Chambersburg, and if Averill wished
to prevent them from entering the town he had bet
ter be up and moving. We reraained at the little vil
lage, within one hour's ride of Chambersburg, for one
half day, — the rank and file could not understand the
delay. We were evidently giving the Confederates,
under General McCausland, an opportunity to enter
Chambersburg, as there was but a email force of
State troops with one Company of the Maryland Pa
tapsco Guards, Captain Thomas McGowan, and one
gun, from a New York battery, at this point.

CHAPTER XXVII.
BURNING OF CHAMBERSBURG.
About the middle of the day, on July 30th, J864,
a dense volume of smoke was observed ascending to
the heavens ; every man in the command knew the
town was on fire, and wondered why our forces were
lying idle. Chambersburg could have been saved;
some one had blundered. When orders came to
raount, every man in Averill's command, including
those of Cole's Cavalry, who were with him, were
eager and anxious to avenge this act of incendiarism,
but on our arrival at Chambersburg the enemy had
gone; they had accomplished their hellish work and
were retreating in the direction of the Potomac.
Those of us, who were in the advance, Avent through
the burning town, bending forward upon our horses'
necks, as fast as our faithful steeds would carry us.
We had no knowledge of the great destruction and
devastation that we should witness, and when we had
once started it was necessary to continue through the
burning streets. Houses on fire on both sides, it was
no time to turn back, and to stop was to be burned
up ; our poor horses were mad with fright. Each and
every one of us felt relieyed when we got to the outer
edge of the toAvn. The atmosphere was stifling, with
the smoke that settled over the earth like a pall.
The citizens were gathered in groups; strong men
AA'ith bowed heads, woraen wringing their hands and
the little children clinging to their mother's dresses

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 147
and crying. Desolation on all sides! It was a sad
picture, long to be reraerabered.
Myself, with two raerabers of Company A, Charley
Fosler, known as the " Flying Dutchman" and John
Kelly, a splendid soldier, were sent by General Ave
rill on the extreme advance. The Confederates had
fallen back on the Pittsburg road. Averill was now
pressing McCausland, exchanging shots with his rear
guard. In going through the country my two com
rades and myself came upon a nuraber of fanners
who had their horses concealed in a dense thicket of
underbrush ; we carae upon thera without being ob
served, and they mistook us for Rebel Cavalrymen,
and pleaded to spare them, and not run off their
stock. We assured them that there was no danger, as
we were men) bers of Cole's Maryland Cavalry. We
advised them io reraain in the woods over night,
and return to their homes in the morning, as the
Rebels by that time would be far away.
Merchandise of every description was strewn along^
the road, boots, clothing, window curtains and even
infants' shoes and little slips, and women's dresses,
that had been stolen frora the houses in Chambers
burg and along the route, were noAV thrown away by
the raiders, no doubt not wishing to be captured
with stolen plunder in their possession.
McCausland and Johnson tried to cross the Potomac
River at Hancock, but were prevented by Federal
troops, who had erected a battery on gondola cars, on
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, on the Virginia
side of the river; the battery on the cars was desig
nated as "ironclads," Averill forced the Confede-

148 cole's maryl^^nd cavalry.
rates through Hancock and they retreated in the
direction of Cumberland, crossing the river the day
following; General Averill following into West Vir
ginia, coming upon them at Moorefield, where he
captured four pieces of artillery and a large portion
of Bradley T. Johnson's Brigade, including a num
ber of officers.
On arriving at Hancock, Maryland, and after the
skirmish we had with the "Johnnies," General Averill
informed me that Cole's men had been sent back to
Hagerstown from Chambersburg, and myself with
Fosler and Kelly should return and report to our
coraraanding officer. We rejoined Major Mooney at
Hagerstown, and went to Frederick, where Colonel
Cole, with the reraainder of the Regiraent had gone.

CHAPTER XXVIII.
BATTLE AT KEEDYSVILLE.
Colonel Cole was now in comraand of bis full Re
giment, all the men being mounted, and Captain
Ziramerraan'9 Corapany K, had been provided with
proper accoutrements. General Hunter, who had re
turned frora his faraous raid to Lynchburg, was now
in command at Frederick. On August 4th, 1864,
Hunter received information that Early was again
advancing upon Maryland, and ordered Cole's Cav
alry to Hagerstown; the Regiment left Frederick
in command of Lieutenant Colonel Vernon, Colonel
Cole having been detained at headquarters on busi
ness, expecting to overtake the coraraand when they
went into camp a few miles outside of Frederick.
Lieutenant Colonel Vernon hearing from a citizen
that the Confederates had established a picket post
at Boonsboro', concluded to take the Regiment to the
summit of the South Mountain, where he encamped
for the night. Onr advance, under coraraand of Cap
tain Ziraraerraan, stationed his pickets at the foot of
the mountain, three miles frora Boonsboro'. On the
following raorning. Lieutenant Colonel Vernon con
cluded to make an early start. One of our trusted
scouts, who had left camp during the night had re
turned and reported the eneray in large nurabers
at Keedysville, five miles south of Boonsboro'. We
were ordered to raount, and took up our line of march
in that direction ; the Confederates had stationed a

160 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRV.
vedette on the road leading into Boonsboro', who fired
upon our advance and fell back. Captain Zimmer
man, with his company following, and on the out
skirts of the town of Keedysville, raet the enemy's
first line of skirmishers; Captain Zimmerman de
ployed his men. Lieutenant Colonel Vernon hear
ing the firing in his front, ordered the Regiraent up
on the trot, and taking in the situation at a glance
concluded a larger body of Confederates were con
fronting hira than he had supposed were on the north
side of the Potoraac River. Vernon iraraediately
formed his entire coraraand in line of battle and
attacked Vaughn's advance Brigade of Tennessee
Cavalry, and drove thera back upon Early's Infantry,
then in position on the south bank of the Antietara;
in this engageraent the Regiment lost heavily. Cap
tain Louis M. Zimmerman and the members of his
Company K, deserve special mention for their brav
ery ; they held the enemy's line of battle in check
until Colonel Vernon brought the Regiment up. This
Company alone lost eighteen men, out of a member
ship of thirty-five.
After Lieutenant Colonel Vernon had defeated this
Brigade of Cavalry, and having retarded the advance
of Early's Rebel Army for a period of four or five
hours, the command retreated in good order under a
heavy fire of artillery, over the South Mountain,
bringing off our wounded and a large number of
prisoners. Those captured could scarcely credit that they
were fighting only a single Regiraent and said they
knew it was Cole's Cavalry, but supposed it was a

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 151
Brigade instead of a Regiment. The comraand fell
back to Middletown, where they encaraped for the
night. Colonel Cole, who had been detained at General
Hunter's headquarters in Frederick, hearing the Ar
tillery firing, hastened to join his Regiraent ; arriv
ing at Keedysville too late to engage in the fight.
The Colonel raade a narrow escape frora being cap
tured by the enemy's Cavalry, and joined the com
raand at Middletown during the night. Lieutenant
Colonel Vernon sent the writer with a dispatch to
General Hunter, at Frederick, who was much sur
prised to know the enemy had crossed into Mary
land in such great numbers.
The General was gratified at Lieutenant Colonel
Vernon's report, and remarked to his Adjutant Gen
eral, that " Cole's Maryland Cavalry were the flower
of his Division."
I reraained at General Hunter's headquarters over
night and joined the Regiraent on the following day.
General U. S. Grant came to Frederick the same ev
ening and stopped with General Hunter, and for the
flrst time I saw the great Coraraander-in-Chief.
At Keedysville, the young bugler of Company K,
Allen Greer, a mere boy, was at the head of the
Corapany with his Captain, when the Corapany made
the charge on the enemy's line, and when soldiers
were being shot all around him, he continued blow
ing his bugle, sounding the various calls, such as
"Charge and rally," &c., the sound of this young
bugler's trumpet could be heard above the din and
roar of musketry and artillery firing.

162 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
Sergeant John G. Maynard, of Company K, also
deserves special mention for his bravery and gal
lantry, and I regret not to have space to mention
each and every officer and man in the command per
sonally, as they deserve.

CHAPTER XXIX.
rebels recross into VIRGINIA.
The Confederates started to recross the Potoraac
River at Shepherdstown, on the following day, Aug
ust 6th. Colonel Cole was now in command of the
Regiment and again advanced in the direction of
Boonsboro'. We encamped for the night on the same
ground we had stopped at two days before, on the
surarait of the South Mountain; on the following
day Colonel Cole with his orderly and myself left
carap for the purpose of getting inforraation in ref
erence to Early's raoveraents. The three of us
charged into Boonsboro' and exchanged shots with
some half a dozen Rebels, who left the town in
the direction of Keedysville. After following them
for some distance we returned and remained at
Boonsboro' during the reraainder of the day, getting
back to camp late at night. A loyal citizen from
Sharpsburg reported that Early's command had re
crossed the river and only straggling Cavalry re
mained in Maryland. On our return to camp, after
having advanced to the foot of the Mountain, we
came upon our outpost. The vedette had dismounted,
seated himself on the ground, and had fallen asleep,
with his horse standing by his side. The penalty of
a soldier sleeping on his post, in the face of the ene
my, is death. The Colonel on discovering that the
picket was asleep, drew his sabre frora the scabbard
and struck the soldier across his shoulder, who awoke
IQ

164 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
and for the moment supposed that he was in the
hands -of the enemy. The soldier was placed under
arrest and taken to the reserve picket post, the
Sergeant of the Guard receiving orders to bring him
before the Colonel in the raorning. The boy, for
he was not more than eighteen years of age, be
longed to one of the new companies, and had no
thought of sleeping. He was completely exhausted
frora being in the saddle for so long a time, but had
coraraitted the fatal error of dismounting, and sitting
down. I felt deeply interested in the young soldier
and knowing the kindness of heart of our generous
and gallant leader, thought I would exert myself in
his behalf on the following raorning, so I spoke to
the Colonel and urged upon hira not to prefer charges
against the prisoner, as he had been in the service
but a short time and did not know the great re
sponsibility resting upon a man on picket duty. By
giving him a severe lecture it would have its effect.
Whether the Colonel had decided upon this course
before I spoke to him I know not. The young man
was let off, and for the remainder of his service in
the Army he proved himself a good soldier.

CHAPTER XXX.
UNDER SHERIDAN IN SHENANDOAH VALLEY.
General Sheridan had now superseded General
Hunter, and later on Cole's Regiment was assigned
to duty under General Merritt, in the Shenandoah
Valley, participating in the battles with Sheridan
at Charlestown, Halltown, Surarait Point, Berryville,
Opequan Creek, Winchester, Fisher's Hill and Cedar
Creek, where it is reported in verse and song that
Sheridan raade his faraous ride frora Winchester,
which is cited at the close of this chapter.
The command was with Sheridan in all his cam
paigns up the Valley, and lost a large number of its
membership. The latter part of August and the first part of Sep
tember, 1864, the few survivors who had not re-en
listed when the Battalion had been raised to a Re
giment, had now served three years. Their tirae
having expired, they were now raustered out of the
United States service. Captain Frank Gallagher and
Lieutenant Sam Sigler of Corapany D, took their hon
orable discharges, after serving for three years ; their
records had been honorable ones. Lieutenant Sarauel
Mills, of Company D, was acting Quarterraaster of
the Regiment until a regular Quartermaster was ap
pointed ; the former quarterraaster having been dis
missed the service. Company D had been greatly
reduced in killed and wounded, and after the few

156 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
raen had taken their discharges, left but a small por
tion of Company A, without commissioned officers.
Captain Tappan Wright Kelly, a son of General B.
F. Kelly, had command of an independent Company,
and had seen some service in the western part of
Maryland and West Virginia, was assigned to Cole's
Regiment and took command of Corapany D, with
Henry A. Bier as first Lieutenant and Columbus F.
Benchoff as second Lieutenant.

SHERIDAN'S RIDE.
Bt Thomas Buchanan Rbed.
Up from the South at break of day.
Bringing to Winchester fresh dismay.
The aff"righted air with a shudder bore.
Like a herald in haste, to the Chieftain's door,
The terrible grumble and rumble and roar.
Telling the battle was on once more.
And Sheridan twenty miles away.
And wider still those billows ;of war
Thundering along the horizon's bar,
And louder yet into Winchester rolled
The roar of that red sea uncontrolled.
Making the blood of the listener cold.
As he thought of the stake in that firey fray,
With Sheridan twenty miles away.
But there is a road in Winchester town,
A good, broad highway leading down ;
And there through the flash of the morning light,
A steed as black as the steed of night.
Was seen to pass as with eagle flight —
As if he knew the terrible need.
He stretched away with the utmost speed ;
Hills rose and fell — but his heart was gay.
With Sheridan flfteen miles away.

158 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
Still sprung from those swift hoofs thundering South,
The dust, like the smoke from the cannon's mouth.
Or the trail of a comet sweeping faster and faster.
Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster ;
The heart of the steed and the heart of the master
Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls.
Impatient to be where the battle-field calls;
Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play.
With Sheridan only ten miles away.
Under his spurning feet the road
Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed.
And the landscape sped away behind
Like an ocean fiying before the wind ;
And the steed like a bark fed with furnace ire,
Swept on with his wild eye full of fire ;
But, lo ! he is nearing his heart's desire,
He is snuffing the smoke of the roaring fray.
With Sheridan only five miles away.
The first that the General saw were the groups
Of stragglers, and then the retreating troops :
What was done — what to do — a glance told him both,
And striking his spurs with a terrible oath.
He dashed down the line 'mid a storm of huzzahs,
And the wave of retreat checked its course there because
The sight of the master compelled it to pause.
With foam and with dust the black charger was gray,
By the flash of his eye, and his nostril's play
He seemed to the whole great army to say,
" I have brought you Sheridan all the way
From Winchester, down to save the day !"

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 159
Hurrah ! hurrah for Sheridan !
Hurrah ! hurrah for horse and man !
And when their statues are placed on high.
Under the dome of the Union sky, —
The American Soldier's Temple of Fame, —
There with the glorious General's name
Be it said in letters both bold and bright :
Here is the steed that saved the day
By carrying Sheridan into the fight
From AVinchester — twenty miles away !"

CHAPTER XXXI.
BRIGADED BY GENERAL SHERIDAN — OBJECTED TO BY COL
ONEL COLE — AND OBJECTIONS SUSTAINED BY
SECRETARY OF WAR.
General Sheridan had brigaded the Regiment and
had intended taking the coraraand with hira when he
moved from the Shenandoah Valley. Colonel Cole
objected to being Brigaded, clairaing that inasmuch
as the Battalion had been an independent comraand,
raised by special act of Congress, the Regiment
should remain the same. The matter was reported
to the Secretary of War who sustained Colonel Cole.
General Sheridan refused to have independent Regi
raents in his comraand, and ordered Colonel Cole with
his Regiment to West Virginia to guard the lines of
comraunication, where he reraained until the close
of the war.
The coraraand Avas raustered out of service at the
close of the war, at Harper's Ferry, on the 28th day
June, 1865.
During the terra of service of Cole's Cavalry, from
1861, to the time of its being raustered out, it has to
its credit over one thousand prisoners captured; had
fought in nearly two hundred battles or skirraishes,
had wounded or killed raore raen than it nurabered
itself; and had captured or destroyed an immense
amount of the enemy's property.
But a small fragment of the original Cole's Cav
alry, the first or Veteran Battalion, remained. Had

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 161
the first Battalion not been increased to a Regiment,
their percentage of loss would have been greater than
nine-tenths of the Regiments in the service, but by
adding eight new Companies in 1864, the full Regi
ment was credited with the entire loss, which greatly
reduced the percentage of losses. The majority of
the survivors of the Old Battalion were mairaed and
scarred. The bones of the most of the brave Mary
landers, who left Frederick City in 1861, and cheered
the flag and their gallant comraander, whora they
were ever ready to follow, in the paths of duty and
glory, were strewn frora Gettysburg to Lynchburg,
and many reposed in the graveyards of Belle Isle,
Salisbury and Andersonville.
On the following page will be found a poem from
'^ Frank Leslie," in regard to Cole's Cavalry.

'NO FELLOW HAS GOT ENOUGH MONEY TO BUY HIM.

A-FIGHTIN' WITH COLE.
Bt Hakbt Sbbllman.
That boss ! Why, yes, he's the knowin'est mind ;
He knows Decoration an' Fourth of July ;
An' w'enever the bugles, or things of that kind.
Comes 'round, both his head an' his tail git up high,
An' he goes cavortin' in a way that'll win ye ;
He knows the music. Why, Lord bless your soul!
We was together down there in Virginia ;
Down in the valley a-fightin' with Cole.

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 163
Ain't worth nothin' ! No ; he's too old for the plow.
Or the carriage, or such like. Just do for the boys,
The young ones, to climb on. That's all that he now
Amounts to, 'cept prancin' around at the noise
Of music an' guns. Would I sell him ? Why, no ;
No man's thousand dollars will ever come nigh him.
While I've got a spot where that old boss kin go.
No felloAv has got enough money to buy him.
Never heerd tell of Cole's fightin' battalion,
Maryland cavalry? Well, now, I declare!
We went in together, me an' that stallion.
Eight from the farm — a lively young pair.
All through tbe Eebellion together we scouted.
At Winchester, Leesburg, Loudoun, a whole
Grist of fights, where sometimes we won — or was routed —
Down in the valley a-fightin' with Cole.
We both belonged to blue-blood a'istoc'acy.
An' inclined to be wild, then, was Lion an' me.
So we skipped from our home here on.the Monocacy,
An' went in the fight for the flag of the free.
Excitement! We got enough. Many's the close call
We had. Why, the thought even now takes my breath.
Me an' that boss, we Avent plumb through it all
An' came out all right from that cyclone of death.
The swish an' the swash an' the jinglin' of spurs.
The clang of the sabres, the carbine's dull rattle ;
The rush an' the crush when the fierce charge occurs ;
The mad, wild excitement of bloodshed m' battle ;

164 cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY.
The scout an' the bivouac, the long raid ; — what's in ye
Shows up when alone on a midnight patrol ;
An' they showed they was men that was down in Virginia;
Down in the valley a-fightin' with Cole.
Once, worn out, we stopped by the roadside a sportin'
An' 1 went to sleep. 1 woke with a cry;
That boss was a-lickin' my face an' a-snortin' ;
The boys had rode on an' the rebels was nigh,
I jumped in the saddle, an' he was so glib he
Dashed oflf 'fore 1 fairly got fixed in my seat ;
He knowed that for me it were leg it or Libby,
An' he knowed how to dust w'en we had to retreat.
Yes, we was together a-scootin' an' scoutin' ;
Sometimes we was comin', sometimes we was goin' ;
One day it was Mosby's men doin' the routin'.
Another to us their heels they was showin' ;
Dashin' an' fightin', you bet we was, down there.
Me an' old Lion went in heart and soul,
Eipe for the chasej_ charge, or scrimmage we foun' there,
Down in the valley a-fightin' with Cole.
One day up at Winchester we got surrounded ;
The Johnnies was thick an' they charged like a storm ;
Minie-balls whistled an' big hossguns pounded —
We had to hustle ; you bet it was warm.
Three comes right at us, w'en Lion, he wheels.
Gits on his hind legs an' paws, then comes down ;
One I shot, while he let fly with his heels,
Then we scooted off" out of Winchester town.

cole's MARYLAND CAVALRY. 166
There is the mark of the bullet that caught hira.
Eight on the flank as we galloped away.
The rebs tried to down him, but they never come nigh him.
For we wasn't born to be killed by the gray.
Why, stranger, for truth, 1 have nothin' to say.
But you can't git that boss to save your soul ;
Why, we was together down there in Virginia,
Down in the valley a-fightin' with Cole.

CONCLUSION.
And now Comrades of Cole's Independent Cavalry
and old Soldiers, whose friendships were formed and
welded in the strifes and turmoil of that faithful
struggle which raged for four years to raaintain the
unity of the States and the preservation of our liber
ties, let us be thankful for all the favors and bless
ings we have received under the shade of " Old Glory,"
and the beneficence of a kind and overruling Provi
dence, and with the hope of recalling to your memo
ries the years gone-by — I close ray labors. THE AUTHOR.

VALE UNIVERSITY

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