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THE ANTIQUARY'S BOOKS
GENERAL EDITOR: J. CHARLES COX, LL.D., F.S.A.

THE
PARISH REGISTERS OF ENGLAND

THOMAS CROMWELL
THE FCIUXDER OF I'ARISH KEGISTEIC.S
V the pai>itini: (in the School of Holbein) at thr \atio>ial Poi

THE
PARISH REGISTERS
OF ENGLAND BY
J. CHARLES COX, LL.D., F.S.A.

" every parish must have a history, every pari.sh
has a register, every person has a parish." Bishop Stubbs

WITH TWENTY-FOUR ILLUSTRATIONS

METHUEN & CO. LTD.
36 ESSEX STREET W.C.
LONDON

ivo

First Published in igio

IT IS A GRATIFICATION
TO INSCRIBE THESE PAGES
TO MY OLD FRIEND
ROBERT MEYRICKE SERJEANTSON, M.A., F.S.A.
RECTOR OF ST. PETER's, NORTHAMPTON
AS A SMALL TOKEN OF MY GRATITUDE
FOR THE VERY CONSIDERABLE ASSISTANCE
HE HAS SO FREELY RENDERED
TOWARDS THEIR PRODUCTION

PREFACE
IT is just half a century since I began, in the year
i860, making extracts from parish registers in
West Somerset, where my father was beneficed,
a pursuit followed up with some success a few years
later in my own county of Derbyshire, At that time
the only work on the subject was The History of
Parish Registers in England, by Mr. J. S. Burn,
published in 1829. A second edition, considerably
extended, was issued in 1862. With the latter were
incorporated the salient points of the same writer's
brief book entitled History of the Fleet Registers.
Mr. Burn's book, long since out of print, is still of
value, and contains a variety of legal information,
but it is ill digested throughout and confusedly
arranged. In 1870 Mr. R. E. Chester Waters reprinted a
pamphlet on parish registers from the pages of The
Home and Foreign Review. A few years later, I
learnt, through a friend, of Mr. Waters' intention to
extend and reprint his treatise, and, knowing how
he was crippled by infirmities, I put a variety of
extracts at his disposal and gave some assistance
in other ways. The book issued by Mr. Chester
Waters in 1882, under the title of Parish Registers
in England, their History and Contents, had become

viu

PARISH REGISTERS

expanded from a pamphlet of three sheets into a
compact little volume of 122 pages. This work, a
great improvement upon the straggling chapters
of Burn's bigger book, was much appreciated, es
pecially by the clergy ; but it has been long out of
print, and difficult to procure through second-hand
agencies. Meanwhile, I kept steadily before my mind the
hope of producing a book which, whilst based upon
the labours of my predecessors. Burn and Waters,
should strike out a wider line of its own, and aim
at a better arrangement and at a fuller explanation
of unusual points. At last, after many interruptions,
literary and otherwise, the idea has matured, and
these pages are put forth with a fair amount of
hope that they may prove useful and helpful to
those who desire to have a better understanding
of parochial registers.
Another book on this subject was produced in
1908, of the highest value and yet in no sense
clashing with this work or causing me to falter in
my task, which had then made considerable advance.
I allude to Mr. Arthur Meredyth Burke's volume
called A Key to the Ancient Parish Registers of
England and Wales. In the following year a supple
ment of addenda and corrigenda was also issued.
The object of this laborious work is to provide
those who have reason to consult parish registers
with an easy and reliable guide as to the period
covered by each of them, and also with information
as to their having been printed, if such has been the
case. It is only those who have had occasion to
consult such registers who are aware how common

PREFACE ix
are the blunders as to their dates in the usual local
works of reference.
In conjunction with Mr. Burke, a particular
endeavour has for the first time been made to
definitely settle the long vexed question as to the
existence of parochial registers priorJo the year ( 1538)
when Thomas Cromwell first ordered them to be
kept. The^ jiumber of these early examples has
hitherto always been exaggerated. Each instance
is discussed in the'last chapter, and they prove to
be under a score, instead of upwards of forty. Of
the two which are the oldest — Tipton, 15 13, and
Altham, 151 8 — full details are given.
It is foreign to my purpose to discuss the advis
ability or methods of changing the custody of the
parish registers in these pages, but no one can be
more impressed than myself with the culpable care
lessness shown, and continued to be shown, by a
minority of the beneficed clergy as to their safe
keeping. In three instances, early registers from
which I took various extracts within the last thirty
years have hopelessly disappeared. The large
number of registers lost since the Blue Book of 1833
is discussed with some detail in the last chapter.
As to Bishops' Transcripts, no words can be too
strong as to the scandal of their condition, Mr.
Waters' statement of 1882 is amply warranted:
"They present a lamentable picture of episcopal
negligence, parochial parsimony, and official rapa
city." It would be useful if some genealogist would
undertake a systematic work on their often pitiful
remains. To comply with the requirements of my long-

x PARISH REGISTERS
suffering publishers, and a generally expressed wish
that this book should be of modest dimensions, severe
excision has been used. Less than half of the original
number of selected extracts have survived the process
of sifting. No reference will be found to Briefs in these pages,
though long lists appear on the fly-sheets of some
registers. Those desirous of following up this
subject are referred to an excellent and exhaustive
volume issued by Mr. W. A. Bewes in 1896, entitled
Church Briefs.
The details as to visitations of the plague, set forth
at some length from the registers in Chapter IX,
will be found to correct some of the exaggerations
and misstatements of local historians, notably in the
case of Derby,
With regard to assistance in bringing out this
book, my gratitude is in the first place due to the
Rev, R, M, Serjeantson, who has not only supplied
a large number of Northamptonshire register extracts,
but has also carefully read the proofs. In the next
place it is a pleasure to thank Mr, Burke for his
generous kindness and help ; without the aid of his
Key, and his personal supervision, the appendixes
could not have been produced. Many of the clergy
have been most courteously prompt in their replies
to troublesome queries. Among them I should like
to mention the Rev, J, F, Monckton, vicar of
Sinnington ; the Rev, T, S, Lea, rector of Penkevil ;
the Rev, G, B, R, de Jersey, vicar of KingslDury;
the Rev, S, G, H. Sargeant, vicar of Nonington ;
the Rev, C, Swatridge, rector of Thurlton ; the Rev,
G. S. Biddulph, vicar of Stretton Grandison ; and

PREFACE xi
more especially the Rev. H. H. Whitaker, the vicar
of Altham. I am hopeful ere long of producing a companion
volume on Churchwardens' Accounts, of which a
large number of pre- Reformation examples (many
quite unknown) remain, including also Constables'
and Poor Accounts. Towards this book considerable
preparations have been made. I shall be particularly
obliged for a post-card note as to anypre-Reformation
instances, as some may have been overlooked.
Corrections of these pages will also be welcomed.
J. CHARLES COX
13 LONGTON Avenue, Sydenham
February tgio

CONTENTS CHAPTER I
'ACTS OF PARLIAMENT AND CANONS
PAGE
Cromwell's order of 1538 — Popular dislike — Action of 1547, 1555,
and 1558 — Bills of 1563 and 1590 — Convocation in 1597 and
1603 — Action of Parliament in 1644 and 1653 — Registration
Acts of 'William ill — Lord Hardwicke's Act of 1753 — The
Stamp Act of 1783 — Rose's Act of 18 12 . . . i
CHAPTER II
THE STORY OF THE REGISTERS
The registers of 1 538 — Elizabethan registers — ^The transcripts from
paper — FaultyregistratipBD Poat-R^storation registers — The
Stamp Act of 1783-^Calendar changes — Large hand entries . 1 2
CHAPTER III
CHANGES IN RELIGIOUS FORMULARIES
Much 'Wenlock Register — Death of Henry vill — Accession of
Edward VI, Mary, and Elizabeth — Bidding Prayer of 1 545 —
Use of English Service temp. Edward vi — Commonwealth
changes ........ 25
CHAPTER IV
BAPTISMS
Births and baptisms — Casting nativities — Puritans and fonts —
Exceptional baptismal entries — Adult baptism — Godparents
— Godparents to bastards — Baptism by midwives — Creatura
Christi ........ y)
xiii

xiv PARISH REGISTERS
CHAPTER V
CHRISOM CHILDREN, FOUNDLINGS, ETC.
Chrisom children — Foundlings — The foundlings of the Temple —
Nurse children — Confirmation — Churching — Bastards —
Terms for illegitimacy ......
CHAPTER VI
MARRIAGES
Terms of entry — Marriageable age — Hours of marriage — For
bidden seasons — Marriage by banns — Forbidding of banns
— Marriage by licence — Marriage of the defective — Marriage
in smock — Marriage of bishops — Commonwealth marriages
— Conviviality — Exceptional entries — Act of 1753 — Clan
destine marriages and lawless churches — Fleet Street and
London — Dale Abbey — Peak Forest .... 76

CHAPTER VII
BURIALS
Burial entries not perfect— Singular burial entries — Characters
ofthe deceased — Centenarians — Burials of excommunicants —
The Recusants — Excommunicate Non-conformists — Post-
Reformation excommunication — Burials of suicides — Other
burials by night — Burials of criminals — Burial without coffins
— Burials in woollen — Mortuaries — Arrest of corpse for debt \ , '
— Burial offered to passing corpse . . . .96

CHAPTER VIII
ACCIDENTS
Deaths from various accidents — The fate of Dorothy Matley —
Deaths through cold and snow — Mining disasters — Deaths
through drowning — Escapes from death— Freaks or prodigies 128

CONTENTS XV
CHAPTER IX
THE PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS
PAGE
The Sweating Sickness — The Plague in London — In Xorthamp-
tonshire — In Derbyshire — The Eyam episode — Plague burial
in Cheshire — ^The Plague in the Midland Counties — In the
North of England — In the Eastern Counties — In the South
and West — The tragedy of the Dawson household — The
tragedy at Great Hampden — SmaU-pox — Inoculation —
Influenza — Scarlet fever — Lithotomy — ^The Royal Touch for
scrofula ........ 142

CHAPTER X
HISTORICAL
Arrival of King Phihp — Marian burnings — Funeral of Mary
Queen of Scots — The Armada — Elizabethan martyrs — -Levies
on the clergy — Border warfare — Historic entries at Youl-
greave — Victories of Van Tromp, 1639 — Dewsbury registers
— The Great Civil War — Casualties in Northamptonshire,
Derbyshire, etc — Register irregularities caused by the war
— ^Tamworth registers — The Protestation and the Cove
nant — The death of the Protector and of his Relict — The
Restoration — Rye House Plot — Death of Charles II and
accession of James II — Monmouth's rebellion — The Prince
of Orange . . . . . . " 184

CHAPTER XI
STORMS, FROSTS, AND FIRES
Storm of 1606-7 — The Snowstorm of 1614-15 — Later seventeenth-
century storms — The frost of 1683-84 — " The great storm" of
1703 — A late snowstorm — Aurora Borealis of 1716 — Earth
quakes — Other eighteenth-century storms — The Cherry
Burton register — Eclipses — Comets — Fires — The Great Fire
of London ....... 205

XVI

PARISH REGISTERS

CHAPTER XII
OLLA PODRIDA
Penance for incontinency and slander — Penance for marrying
diegeased wife's sister — ToUesbury font inscription<;;^lesh in
'Lent — Butchers' recognisances — Number of communTcailts=^
Altar wine — Benefit of clergy — Witches — Gipsies — Parochial
whippings — Records of exhibitions — Tithing notes ., . '^217'

CHAPTER XIII
THE DATES AND CONDITIONS OF THE REGISTERS
The Blue Book Returns of 1833 — Numerous blunders — Mediseval
death registers — Parish registers prior to 1 538 — The numbers
of 1538-39 registers — Transcripts ordered in 1597 and in
1603 — Grievous defects of Bishops' Transcripts exposed in
1800 — Act of i8i2 — Returns of 1831 — Transcripts of the
peculiars of Lichfield and Southwell — Careless loss of regis
ters, instanced in Kent and Bucks — Irregularities of entry —
Trades and occupations in London, Chesham, Lancashire,
etc. — " Sir " signifying priest — Puritan names — Similar
names in one family — Double names — Contracted form of
entry — Birth registers — Printed registers — Nonconformist J^ _<--.
and Huguenot registers . ..... 234 \

Appendix I
Appendix II
Appendix III
Appendix IV
Index

261264 270 272283

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
IN THE TEXT

PAGE

Facsimile of Title-Page of 1653 Registry Act . . .9
Title-Page of Register of St. Peter's, Dunwich . . -14
Title-Page of first Prayer Book in English . . -35
Title-Page of "Directory' of 1644 . . . . .37
Edward Myner, a Chrisom Child . . . . -63
Facsimile of Commonwealth Marriage Entries, Staines . . 88
Facsimile of Burial Register, Lyminge . . . -97
Facsimile of first page of Register of Burials in Woollen :
Littlebourne, Kent . . . . . .123
Title-Page of "Fearefull Summer," first printed in 1625 . . 149
Title-Page of "London's Lamentation," 1641 . . 151
Petition to Charles I as to King's Evil . . .180
Proclamation as to times for " Touching," 1683 . . 182
Whipping Post and Stocks, Aldbury . . .231
From a Drawing by J. C. Wall.

LIST OF PLATES

Thomas Cromwell ..... Frontispiece
From the Painting (in the School of Holbein) at the National
Portrait Gallery FACING PAGE
The Priory of Wenlock . . . . . .26
From a Photograph by J. Valentine & Co. Ltd.
The Parish Church, Wenlock . . . . .30
From a Photograph by J. Valentine & Co. Ltd.
Cardinal Reginald Pole . . . . . -So
From a Painting (artist unknown) at the National Portrait
Gallery
Dale Abbey Chapel ....... 94
From a Photograph by R. Keene Ltd.
Mompesson's Well, Eyam . . . . . .162
From a Photograph by J. Valentine & Co. Ltd.
Riley Grave Stones, Eyam . . . . . .164
From a Photograph by R. Keene Ltd.
Wingfield Manor House . . . . . .194
From a Drawing by Colonel Machell, 1785
The Solemn League and Covenant, Preamble . . .198
The Solemn League and Covenant, Second Clause . . 200
Reduced facsimiles of an engraved edition of the Covenant
by W. Hollar
The Frontispiece of Matthew Hopkins' "Discovery of
Witches," 1644 ....... 228
Facsimileof First Page of Tipton Register, 1513 . . .238
Kindly lent by Mr. A. M. Burke

These all are gone, their little day is o'er,
They laugh, they weep, they sport, they toil no more ;
Their feet are still, and others in their room
With busy step are hurrying to the tomb.
We, in our turn, to others shall give place.
And others yet come forth to run the race ;
And yet that race by others shall be run
Till time is over and the world is done.
From the Burton Latimer Registers, 1823-24

PARISH REGISTERS
CHAPTER I
ACTS OF PARLIAMENT AND CANONS
Cromwell's order of 1538 — Popular dislike — Action of 1547, 1555,
and 1558 — Bills of 1563 and 1590 — Convocation in 1597 and
1603 — Action of Parliament in 1644 and 1653 — Registration
Acts of William in — Lord Hardwicke's Act of 1753 — The
Stamp Act of 1783 — Rose's Act of 1812
IN July 1535, Henry VIII, by virtue of the Act of Supre
macy, appointed Thomas Cromwell, who was at that
time Lord Privy Seal, to be his Vicar-General.
Cromwell in his early life had been a resident in the Low
Countries, and would therefore have knowledge of the
baptismal registers introduced there by the Spanish clergy.
His much improved scheme for securing the registration in
his own country of births, deaths, and marriages, at httle or
no expense, is the one commendable action in the public life
of this marvellously shrewd but absolutely unscrupulous
man. There can be no doubt that Cromwell's registration
project must have been planned and discussed during the
first year of his ecclesiastical administration. The rumour
spread far and wide to the effect that this strange new
power, which had sprung up within the Church of England,
was about to levy a tax for his master's coffers on the
administration of the Sacraments. This rumour, in which
there was quite possibly some tfuth, naturally aroused the

2 PARISH REGISTERS
keenest resentment among the masses. The very first of
the list of popular grievances put forth by the insurgents of
the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536 was "That no infant shall
receive the blessed Sacrament of Baptisme bott onlesse an
trybette be payd to the king." A pamphlet printed in 1537
states that the Yorkshire insurgents gave out that the people
were ordered henceforth to pay the crown for christenings,
marriages, and burials.
Cromwell, however, who must have been thoroughly
aware of the extent and gravity of the great popular risings
against his initial steps in the suppression of the monasteries,
was clever enough to withdraw for a time, and probably to
modify his original registration project.
It was not until three years later that Cromwell issued
injunctions to every parish in England and Wales, ordering
the parson to enter every Sunday in the presence, of,. the
wardens, or one of them, all the baptisms, marriages^and
burials of the previous week, in a book which was to -be .kept
in a two-locked coffer, under pain of a fine of 3s. 46., to be
applied to the repair of the Church. The following is the
exact phraseology of this order, which is dated 5th September
1538, , as set forth in the State Papers, save that the con
tracted words are extended : — ¦
" In the name of God Amen. By the authorite and comission
of the most excellent Prince Henry by the Grace of God Kynge of
Englande and of France, defensor of the faithe Lorde of Irelande,
and in erthe supreme hedd undre Christ of the Church of Englande,
I Thomas lorde Cromwell, lorde privie seall, Vicegerent within this
realme, do for the avancement of the trewe honor of almighty God,
encrease of vertu and discharge of the kynges majestic, give and
exhibite unto you theise injunctions folowing, to be kept observed
and fulfilled upon the paynes hereafter declared. . . .
"That you and every parson vicare or curate within this diocese
shall for every churche kepe one boke or registere wherein ye shall
write the day and yere of every weddyng christenyng and buryeng
made within yor parishe for your tyme, and so every man succeed-

ACTS OF PARLIAMENT AND CANONS 3
yng you lykewise. And shall there insert every piersons name that
shalbe so weddid christened or buried. And for the sauff kepinge
of the same boke the parishe shalbe bonde to provide of these
comen charges one sure coffer with twoo lockes and keys wherof
the one to remayne with you, and the other with the said wardens,
wherein the saide boke shalbe laide upp. Whiche boke ye shall
every Sonday take furthe and in the presence of the said wardens
or one of them write and recorde in the same all the weddinges
christenynges and bnryenges made the hole weke before. And that
done to lay upp the boke in the said coffer as afore. And for
every tyme that the same shalbe omytted the partie that shalbe in
the faulte therof shall forfeit to the saide churche lus uud to be
emploied on the reparation of the same churche. . , .
"Thomas Crtjmwell"
Although the very whisper of disapproval of the king's
ecclesiastical or general policy had by this time been con
verted into an act of high treason, and any hint or form of
active opposition suppressed with brutal ferocity — such as
one of the fairest of our historians terms a veritable " reign
of terror" — ^there was no small resentment up and down
the country to this registration order. It is but fair to
state that this resentment was mainly due to popular
misconceptions as to the details of the scheme, which, as
has been shown, imposed no kind of fee on any one, save
the purchase by the parish of a book, and simply added
to the duties and responsibilities of the beneficed clergy
and the churchwardens.
There are three extant communications at the Public
Record Office addressed to Cromwell in the early part of
1539, which reflect this current distrust.^ The first of these,
dated 15 th February, is from John Marshall, of South
Carlton, Notts, stating, inter alia, that in those parts of
Nottinghamshire and Lincolnshire around Newark there
was much resentment as to the various new " fashions," and
no little fear that some " paymentes shuld or myght grow
• Dom. State P^)eis, Heniy viil, vol. xiv. pt. i, X03. 295, 507, 815.

4 PARISH REGISTERS
uppon them at lengthe to the kyngs hyghnes." On 12th
March, Richard Covert and John Michel wrote to Cromwell
and the privy council as to words used by one William Hole,
a smith of Horsham, to the effect that there " wasse come
downe comyssion or comandement that a writen tribute or
some of monye shuld be payd to the Kynges highnes for
weddynges crystenyngs and buryalls, and that ther shuld
be payd to the Kyng for every one of these vd or more
and to the lorde of the Franches as moch." The alleged
offender was sent up to London to appear before the council.
The third letter is one, which has been several times cited,
from Sir Piers Edgcumbe as to the alarm felt in sundry
parts of Devonshire and Cornwall ; it is dated 20th April,
and expresses a hope that these misgivings will be officially
set at rest : — " Ther mystrust is that somme charges more
than hath byn in tymes past shall growe to theym by this
occacyon off regesstrynge of thes thynges ; wher in yff hyt
shall please the Kynge's majiste to put them yowte off dowte
in my poor mynde shall encresse moche harty loff."
The council of the boy-king, Edward VI, reissued in 1 547
the registration injunctions of Cromwell almost word for
word, with the exception that the fine of 3s, 4d, for neglect,
was to be assigned to the " poore mens box of that parishe,"
In the same year one of the visitation articles of the diocese
of Canterbury was —
" Whether they have one Book or Register safely kept, wherein
they write the day of every Wedding, Christening, and Burying."
Under Philip and Mary, in 1555, Cardinal Pole directed
that the Bishops in their visitations were to inquire —
" If the parish priest had a Register with the names of those
who were baptized, of the sponsors, of the married, and the dead."
Two years later, among the Cardinal's articles touching
the clergy was one —

ACTS OF PARLIAMENT AND CANONS 5
" Whether they do keep the Book or Register of Christenings,
Buryings, and Marriages, with the name of the Godfather and
Godmother." The question of registering the god-parents is discussed
in a subsequent section.
In the first years of Queen Elizabeth, the registration in
junctions were again reissued in almost the identical phrase
ology used under Henry viil and Edward VI, with the slight
alteration that the defaulting penalty was to be divided
equally between the poor and the repair of the church.
The first interference of Parliament with matters of
registration occurred in 1563. On 9th March a bill was
read for the first time in the House of Commons to authorise
every archbishop and bishop " to erect one Office of Register-
ship of all the Church Books to be kept in every diocese."
This bill was of an elaborate character : transcripts were to
be sent of all parochial registers to the diocesan centre, and
copies were to be executed of "all former church books
of 24 yeeres continuance already passed or thereabouts "
into "great deacent books of parchment." To cover
expenses, the Bill provided that the parents of every child
not baptized having lands to the value of £40, or goods to
the value of £^5, should pay at the christening id. ; that ever>'
man of like possessions should pay id. on his marriage, and
2d. on the burial of his wife ; that every woman of like
possessions should pay id. at the burial of her husband ; and
that every such man or woman should pay id. at the burial
of their son or daughter or household servant. These fees
were to be paid to the churchwardens, and to be by these
once a year transmitted to the diocesan register. The clergy,
however, opposed the scheme, and the measure was dropped.
The like fate befel another scheme for a general registry,
arranged under counties, which was propounded in 1590 by
Lord Treasurer Burghley.

6 PARISH REGISTERS
Though these two schemes failed, they prepared the way
for a genuine plan of general registration which was adopted
in 1597. On 25th October of that year, a constitution
issued by the convocation of the archbishop, bishops, and
clergy of the province of Canterbury, and approved by the
Queen under the great seal of Great Britain, directed the
more careful keeping of parochial registers, which were
pronounced to be of the greatest utility {permagnus usus).
The registers were for the future to be kept on parchment,
and parchment copies were to be made of those old registers
which were on paper. For the prevention of guile or negli
gence in the keeping of the registers, it was enacted that
the whole of the entries of the previous week were to be
read out openly and distinctly by the minister on Sunday,
at the conclusion of either mattins or evensong. The names
of the minister and wardens were to be appended to every
page of the register on its completion. Lastly it was
ordained that a copy of the parish register was to be sent
by the warden annually within a month after Easter,
without any fee, to the diocesan register, and there to be
kept faithfully among the episcopal archives. These copies,
known as " Bishops' Transcripts," have, however, been most
fitfully and slovenly kept, as is subsequently noticed.
A somewhat similar ecclesiastical mandate was issued in
1603, at the opening of the reign of James I, whereby it was
enacted that a parchment book was to be provided at the
expense of the parish, wherein were to be copied former
paper registers, "so far as the ancient books thereof can
be procured, but especially since the beginning of the reign
of the late Queen." The safe keeping of the register was to
be entrusted to " one sure Coffer with three Locks and Keys,"
to be in the several respective custody of the minister and
the two wardens. The provision for the public weekly
reading of the register was not repeated. This curious and

ACTS OF PARLIAMENT AND CANONS 7
generally forgotten order was only in operation for six years,
and we are not aware that any memorandum exists as to
its execution. The Sunday register entries of the past week
by the minister, in the presence of the wardens, was,
however, again enjoined, and so too was the order for the
annual transmission of the bishops' transcripts, though the
exact date was changed to within a month after 25th March.
The widespread disturbances during the Civil \\'ar,
and the ejection of so large a number of the Episcopal
clergy from their benefices naturally brought about consider
able irregularity in the keeping of the register in not a few
parishes, and occasionally resulted in their entire cessation
The attention of Parliament was called to these irregularities,
and on 6th December 1644, it was ordered that "it be
referred to the committee for bringing in the ordinance for
the establishing the Directory, to bring in a clause in that
ordinance for registering the time of baptising of children,
and their parents' names, and for registering of burials."
In the same year it was further ordained that " there shall be
provided at the charge of every parish or chapelry, a fair
Register Book of velim to be kept by the minister and
other officers of the church, and that the names of all children
baptized, and of their parents, and of the time of their birth
and baptising, shall be written and set down by the minister
therein, and also the names of all persons married there,
and the time of their marriage; and also the names of all
persons buried in that parish, and the time of their death
and burial ; and that the said book shall be shewed by
such as keep the same to all persons reasonably desiring to
search for the birth, baptising, marriage, or burial of any
person therein registered, and to take a copy or procure a
certificate thereof"
Notwithstanding these regulations, it was found that
during this transition state of matters religious, when

8 PARISH REGISTERS
endeavours were being made to suppress Episcopal Church
government, and even the possession of a Book of Common
Prayer was visited with the severest penalties, registration was
reduced to chaotic conditions. In consequence the hand of
Parliament was again evoked in 1653, when an Act was passed
on 24th August. By this Act the ministers were required to
give up their register books to laymen, who were to be
called "parish registers."^ These new officials were to
enter all publications of banns, marriages, births, and burials.
For marriage entries they were empowered to charge a fee
of 1 2d., and 4d. for each entry of birth and burial. The
lay register was to be chosen by the householders of each
parish on or before 22nd September 1653, and as soon as he
had been sworn and approved by the local justice, his
appointment was to be entered in the register book. The
enactment by this same Act of civil marriage is subsequently
discussed. Here it may be remarked that this elaborate
Commonwealth legislation was ignored at the Restoration,
when the keeping of the registers reverted to the clergy.
The civil marriages before justices during 1653-1660 were,
however, legalised by Act of Parliament (12 Car. ii, c. 33)
during the latter year.
The whimsical Act of 1680 for burial in woollen, with
its enforced register entries, is also treated of in later pages.
The reign of William Hi saw several Registration Acts
passed, which were obviously designed to assist the ex
chequer. Amongst other taxes designed "for carrying on
the war against France with vigour " was a graduated scale
' The comparatively modern word Registrar is not to be found in the Statutes,
nor in Johnson's Dictionary. "In the language of Roman jurisprudence," as
pointed out by Mr. Waters, ' ' the archivist was regerendarius and the archives
were regerta, from which came in low-Latin registrum and registrarius. When
the registrarius signed Latin documents officially, he subscribed himself for
brevity Registrar, just as the Prebendarius signed himself Prchendar ; and
the abbreviation of the Latin signature came to be mistaken, in a generation
ignorant of Latin, for the official designation in England."

AN ACT
tOUCHING
MARRIAGES And the Rcgiftring thereof ;
And alfo touching
Births and Burials.

Wednefday the 24* of ./<»f */, 1655.
Oidereibjthe farlidmeiit, Thit this AStc fortbp>itb trintld
tttdPubti^ed. Hen: Scobell, Clerk of the Parliament.
London, Printed by lohn Field, Printer to the Par
liament of England, 1653.

FACSIMILE OF TITLE-PAGE OF 1653 REGISTRY ACT.

to

PARISH REGISTERS

5°

s. 4 o

of duties imposed in 1694 {6 Sc 7 Wm. ill, c. 6) on
marriages, births, and burials ; it also included a tax for five
years upon bachelors and widowers. The tax collectors
were allowed full access to the registers, and the penalty on
the minister for neglect to register was £100. The following
was the scale adopted : —
For the burial of every person . . .0
„ of a Duke (above the 4s.) .
„ of a Marquis, etc., etc. in pro
portion
„ of every person having a real
estate of ^50 per annum or
upwards, or a personal estate
of ;^6oo, or upwards
„ of the wife of such person
having such estate
For and upon the birth of every person and
child, except the children of those who
receive alms .....
„ of the eldest son of a Duke
,, of a marquis, and so forth.
Upon the marriage of every person .
„ of a Duke .
,, of a Marquis
„ of an earl .
and so forth.
Bachelors, above 25 years old, yearly
Widowers „ ,,
A Duke, being Bachelor or Widower, yearly
A Marquis „ ,,
In the following year it was enacted (7 & 8 Wm. Ill, c. 35)
that a fine of 40s. was to be imposed on parents who
omitted to give notice to the minister within five days of
the birth of a child, and the minister was enjoined under a
like penalty to keep a distinct reference of such so born and
not christened, for doing which the parents were to pay
sixpence to the clergy. This form, however, of registration

. 0

2

0

• 3°

0

0

0

2

6

• 5°

0

0

¦ 40

0

0

• 3°

0

0

. 0

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. 0

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. 12

10

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. 10

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ACTS OF PARLIAMENT AND CANONS ii
was for the most part neglected, and in 1706 (4 Anne c. 12)
an Act of Immunity was passed in respect to negligent
clergy, wherein it was plainly stated that an enforcement of
the heavy penalties would expose them and their families to
ruin. The year 1753 is memorable in the history of registra
tion for the passing of "An Act for the preventing of
Clandestine Marriages " (22 Geo. II, c. 33), which is generally
known as Lord Hardwicke's Act. It prescribed a special
foriri of entr\' for banns and marriages, and directed that all
marriages were to be through either banns or licence, and
were to be solemnised in some church or chapel which had
been customarily used for such purpose. To this Act, and
to the evils which it suppressed, further allusion is made in
the section dealing with marriages.
The Stamp Act of 1783 (23 Geo. Ill, c. 71) imposed a
duty of 3d. upon every entry in the parish register, and two
years later was extended to Nonconformists. This invidious
tax, which fell lightly on the rich, but was a distinct burden
on the poor, placed the clergy in the unfortunate position of
tax gatherers, and was a direct inducement to defective
registration. This unpopular and obnoxious statute was
repealed in 1794-
Rose's Act of 181 2 "for the better regulating and
preserving of Parish and other Register of Births, Baptisms,
Marriages, and Burials in England" (52 Geo. HI, c. 14/^),
put the whole question of registration on a surer foundation.
But the Act was loosely drafted ; the only penalty imposed
was transportation for fourteen years, whilst a subsequent
clause provided that one half of all penalties shall go to the
informer and the remainder to the poor of the parish ! We
have no concern in these pages with the further registration
legislation of the nineteenth century.

CHAPTER II
THE STORY OF THE REGISTERS
The registers of 1538 — Elizabethan registers — The transcripts
from paper — Faulty registrations — Post - Restoration re
gisters — The Stamp Act of 1783 — Calendar changes — Large
hand entries
A KNOWLEDGE of the history of the registration en
actments of some three centuries, set forth in outline
in the last chapter, is necessary to the due under
standing of England's parochial registers.
The one fairly obvious fault of Cromwell's injunctions of
1538 was the neglect to specify the nature of "the one boke
or registre " Vifherein the entries were to be made. Most of
the first registers appear to have been written on paper,
which was naturally used on the score of economy. This
was the case even in an important parish, so near to the
centre of court life, as St. Margaret's, Westminster.
The Churchwarden's accounts contain this entry : —
" 1538. Paid for a book to registre in the names of buryals, weddings,
and christ'nings, 2d."
It is not worth while to multiply instances of this, but we
have noted seven similar entries in the churchwardens'
accounts of other parishes ; in three of these cases it is
specified that 2d. was the price of a quire of paper.
Although the use of parchment or vellum was not en
joined prior to the ordinances of Elizabeth and James I, just
a few parishes were sufficiently enterprising to procure a

THE STORY OF THE REGISTERS 13
thin folio book of parchment at the very dawn of registration.
It is exceedingly rare to find an undoubted original register
beginning in 1538; fully 95 per cent, of those that go back
to that date are transcripts made towards the end of
Elizabeth's reign or at the opening of that of James I, The
first register book of Staplehurst, Kent, is one of the rare
exceptions, where the original and the transcript exist side
by side. When parchment transcripts and current registers were
ordered, various parishes not unnaturally followed the plan
usually adopted with every class of official record, of pro
curing narrow strips or membranes and stitching them
together to form a roll as occasion required. Such rolls
have been noted in the Northamptonshire parishes of
Burton Latimer (1538-1569), and Orlingbury (1564-1653);
at Brenchley (1539) and Nursted (1561), Kent ; at Appleby
St. Michael (i 582-1677), and Ambleside (1643), Westmore
land; and at Thormanby, Yorks (1658).
The majority of the early registers are in Latin. During
the Commonwealth, the use of Latin was generally
abandoned, and but very occasionally resumed after the
Restoration. The following sensible note occurs in the
register of All Saints, Derby : —
" May 16, 1610. I see no reason why a Register for English people
should be written in Latin. Richard Kilbie, Minister of All-
HaUows in Derbie."
In the register of Clyst St. George, Devon, is an entry
under 1735-36 to the effect that "the law now forbids ye
keeping any records in Latin"; but in this statement the
minister was mistaken, the Act of 173 1 (4 Geo. II, c. 26)
ordering that " all proceedings in Courts of Justice " were
to be in the English language does not extend to parish
registers. Miscellaneous memoranda, particularly those of
a personal character, were frequently entered in Latin when

H

PARISH REGISTERS

the rest of the register was in English, and occasionally in
Greek, French, and even short-hand.
The statement or heading at the beginning of the old
registers is usually of a fairly simple character, as in the case
of the register book of the long ago submerged church of

*^'

TITLE-PAGE OF REGISTER OF ST. PETER's, DUNWICH.
St. Peter's, Dunwich. Occasionally the incu mbent introduced
extraneous or verbose matter, particulariy if he was a con
troversialist. A good example of this occurs in the first
register book of Newbottle, Northants :—
"October i, 1538. Thys Boke, made by ye expresse command
ment of our most Sovereygne Lorde Kynge Henry viii, by
ye grace of Gode Kynge of Englande and of France, Defender

THE STORY OF THE REGISTERS 15
of ye fayth. Lord of Yreland, and ye supreme hede in earth of
this hys church of England, for certain goodly usys, by his
ryght excellent wyse and sage Counseul, divised and upon lyke
consideracons instituted as by the divisyons of ye same in iii
stmdrie places here followynge may apere, begynninge in ye
yere of hys prosperous and honorable reyne xxx, and in ye yere
of our mayster Christ MDxxxviii, fyrst day of October, to be
exercysed after ye forme as therafter ensueth. The Lord
Thomas Comwell Lord privy seal and vicegerent to hys
hyghnese of ye ecclesiastycal jurisdiction, exhibiting to us of
ye clergy ye same with dyverse other at ye time lyke fraytful
and laudable invention, meted to ye glory of God, to the
King's honour and to ye great benefyts of ys hys realme and
annilihatynge of ye bysshop of Rome hys very falsly pretendyd
and usurped powres. I Edward Medley, beynge Vicar here,
Robert Wyat and Thomas Harden churchwardens, statynge
our lyke assyduouse prayer with all fidelyte and obsequence to
ye accomplisshmet of ye contentes of ye same. Amen."
In larger parishes it was occasionally arranged, after the
injunction of 1558, to keep two separate books for regis
tration purposes, the one for baptisms, and the other for
marriages and burials. Thus at St. Minver's, Cornwall, there
are two registers, both of them beginning in the first year of
Elizabeth. The first of these contains baptisms extending,
with a few gaps, from 1558 to 1758; whilst the second
volume records marriages from 1559 to 1754, and burials
from 1558 to 1695. As a rule, however, the threefold entries
of the parish registers were started in three different parts of
the register book ; in the smaller parishes all the entries were
not infrequently entered in one place in the exact order of
their occurrence, whether baptisms, marriages, or funerals.
An exuberant admirer of Queen Elizabeth and her
policy took the opportunity of beginning a new register
book for St, Oswald's, Durham, to thus express his
feelings : —
" The Register boke ofthe parysshe of St. Oswalds made the xxvth

i6 PARISH REGISTERS
day of Marche a.d. 1580 Ann. Elyzabethe xxii. wherein is contayned
the names of all suche persons as have been chrystened, maryed and
buryed within the sayd paryshe the yeares folowynge writen and
kepte accordinge to ye Quenes Injunctions by Charlys Moberiye
Vicar, James Lyddale, Thomas Haryson, Xpofer Rampshaw, James
Robynson, dated chosen and sworne churchwardens, accordinge to
the Quenes proceedinges, whose doinges god directe to hys glorye
and profette of the sayd parysshe, and to the mentayning of the
quenes Majesties godly proceedinges, whom god preserve to Reyne
over us, to the abolyshment of popery and strange and false
Religion, and to the Menteynge of the gospell, Graunt o lord yt
she may long continew a Mother in Israel with prosperwos healthe
honor and felycitie and after thys hyr gret governement in thys
lyffe, she may with Moyses, Josua, Debora, and other godlye
govnours, injoy a crowne of seternall glory, goed Reder say
Amen." Now and again concern is expressed by the custodians
of registers as to their subsequent preservation. One of the
quaintest of such interpolations is in the register book of
Rodmarton, Gloucestershire, under the year 1630, to the
following effect : —
" If you will have this Book last, bee sure to aire it att the fier or
in the Sunne three or foure times a yeare — els it will grow dankish
and rott, therefore look to it. It will not bee amisse when you finde
it dankish to wipe over the leaves with a dry woolen cloath. This
Place is very much subject to dankishness, therefore I say looke to
it." Burn, in citing this entry, states that the situation of
Rodmarton is high and dry on a calcareous soil, and that the
" dankishness " complained of arose solely from the exuding
nature of the building-stone.
The second register book of Bishop Wearmouth, beginning
in 1653, has on its first page a commination against those
who should mutilate the pages -or alter the entries : —
" Signis hunc librum mutilate vel in uUa parte vel nomen aliquod
delete, aut in falsum immutare audeat, pro sacrilego habeatur."

THE STORY OF THE REGISTERS 17
With regard to the Elizabethan and Jacobean transcripts
of the older register, though care seems for the most part to
have been taken to secure verbal accuracy with the names,
there is no doubt whatever that, as a rule, the labour of
transcribing was reduced to a minimum, and everything of
an extraneous nature rigidly excluded. Hence the great
majority of parchment registers beginning in 1538 or 1539
are uninteresting and almost valueless, save for genealogical
purposes, right through the sixteenth century.
Thus when the raster of Staplehurst, Kent, was recopied,
the words printed between brackets were left out of the
transcript. "1543. December 3r. There was buryed John Turner the elder
[whose sowle Jesu pardon. Amen.]
"1545. June 6. buryed the soun of Thomas Roberts the younger,
called Henry [upon whose soule I pray God have mercy].
" 1548. September 1 1. buryed James Bragelomd an honest man and
a good householder [whose soule Jesu pardon, and bring to
eternal rest]."
An entry in the transcript of the register of St. Dunstan's
West reads : —
" 1560-1. February 17. Mr. Rithe buried."
But the old paper book adds : —
" A benchar of Lyncolnes Yne, buryed out of the newe brycke
byldyngs, beynge in oure parishe, the nether syde of Lyncolnes Yne."
In obedience to the Elizabethan injunction, the transcripts
are in many instances signed at the foot of every page, to
ensure accuracy, by the minister and churchwardens of the
year wherein the copy was executed. This fact gave rise to
an ignorant and ridiculous blunder of past antiquaries and
historians, who ought to have known better, as to the
remarkable longevity assigned to clergy and their

i8 PARISH REGISTERS
wardens. A round dozen of such errors could be cited, made
-by the leading writers of the old-fashioned county histories ;
it must suffice to mention that Nichols, the very able
historian of Leicestershire, gravely asserts that the vicar of
Keigham held his benefice for ninety-two years, and had the
same wardens for upwards of seventy years !
Usually, as is known from the handwriting, the copying
of paper registers on to parchment was done by the in
cumbent; but in towns and larger parishes a paid lay
copyist was occasionally employed. Thus at St. Peter's,
Northampton : —
"A true and perfect extracte 'of all entries since 21 Elizabeth
was ' written and extracted by me Thomas Walsbey by or at the
appointment of Master William Stocks, parson of the said church,
and of Arthur Potter and Richard Rands, churchwardens, according
to the true meaning of the constitution of the late convocation
holden at London anno Elizabeths Reginse the fortyeth anno
dni 1597."
At the beginning of the first register book of Beeston-
next-Mileham, Norfolk, is the following entry, showing that
the rector made the transcript from the original register : —
" Johannes Forby, Rector 1598, de integro ex antique exemplari
scripsit hunc librum.
"Register booke for the parish church of Beeston-next-Mileham,
to recorde all such their names as shall be within that parish either
christened, maryed, or buried accordinge to the booke of consti
tutions and canons of the parliament in the yeere 1597. The
number of sheets herein 13 with 18 leaves of every sheet, in all 244.
The price of the parchment 10/- and for the bindynge 2/-."
William Cooper, Vicar of West Bradenham, Norfolk,
declares in 1603 that he had —
" Trully and faithfully colected word for word out of both ye olde
Register Books from the Beginning of our Lord God 1538 in anno
regni Henrici Octavi."

THE STORY OF THE REGISTERS 19
The register of Nether Compton, Dorset, which begins in
1538, was copied throughout by the rector in 1600.
Robert Travell, the minister of Weston Favell, Northants,
who died in 1641, did a good work in copying fragmentary
registers. He enters in the earliest register book : —
" Ab anno r548 the names herein contayned with their moneths
and yeares very rudely and imperfectly written in loose papers I
have faithfully set doune without any alteration according to my
copies." On the inner cover of the first register book of Plymp-
ton, Devon, which begins in 1616, are the following lines by
the transcriber : —
"Walter Winsband His book
The Lord of Haven upon him look,
And so correcke him with a rod
that he may be a child of God
And when for him the bel doth dole
the Lord of haven recive his soul."
In at least one case the transcribing was the work of a
woman, as is shown by the following entry in the registers of
the parish church of Peterborough : —
" 1564, August. Sarah Stowkes, the Daughter of Henry Stowkes,
was christened the x day, who afterwards in the yeare our Lord
God 1599 did coppye this Register Book with her own hands,
then being the Wife of John Lansdune."
As to admittedly faulty registers, there are a variety of
quaint entries, such as the one which occurs in the first
book of Earls Barton, Northants : —
"1593. Understand gentle reader that from 1592 untill 1597
Renold Eastwood the Clercke was put in trust to write the weddings,
christenings, and burialls, w"" in part he somewhat negligentlie
did, but ommitted w' I have unorderly yet treulie sett down as I
learned there names and tymes of there freindis."

20 PARISH REGISTERS
Scores of registers bear witness to the natural
irregularity or cessation of entries during the Civil War and
Interregnum, a selection of which are subsequently cited
in the historical section. But space may be found here for
a long and gravely worded extract from the registers of
Carshalton, Surrey. " Good Reader tread gently :
" For though these vacant yeares may seeme to make me guilty
of thy censure, neither will I symply excuse myselfe from all
blemishe; yet if thou doe but cast thine eie uppon the former
pages and se with what care I have kepte the annalls of mine owne
tyme, and rectifyed sundry errors of former times thou wilt beginn
to thinke ther is some reason why he that begann to build so well
should not be able to make an ende.
" The truth is that besyde the generall miserys and distractions
of those pretermitted years wh it may be god in his owne wysedome
would not suffer to be kept uppon record, the special ground of
that pretermisseon ought to be imputed to Richard Finch, the
parishe clerke, whose office it was by long proscription to gather the
ephemeris, or dyary of the dayly passages and to exhibite them once
a yeare to be transcribed into this Registry ; and though I often
called upon him agayne and agayne to remember his chardge, and
he always tould me that he had the accompts lying by him, yet at
last perceaving his excuses, and resolving uppon suspicion of his
words to put him home to a full tryall I found to my great griefe
that all his accompt was written in sand, and his words committed to
the empty winds. God is witnes to the truth of this apologie, and
that I made it knowne at some pish meetings before his own face,
who could not deny it neither doe I write it to blemishe him, but to
cleere mine owne integrity as far as I may and to give accompt of this
miscarryage to after ages by the subscription of my hand.
"March lo, r6si. (Signed) William Quelch, B.D. Vic."
Nor did irregularities at once cease with the Restoration,
as is shown, inter alia, by the two following entries in
Northamptonshire registers : —
" The very true reason why this register, is found as imperfect in

THE STORY OF THE REGISTERS 21
some years as from 1669 to 1695 is because the parishioners could
never be persuaded to take to see it done, nor the churchwardens
as y" canon did require, and because they refuse to pay such dues
to -f ciu-ate as they ought by custome to have payed. {Brington)
" Memorandum that the Register booke being neglected two or
three yeares notice was given two severall times in y" church to desire
all parents and others to give in y" names of all y' ought to have
been registered and y° time when baptized married or buried. But
not more was brought in but what was set down in this and y' two
next pages. "Sam. George, Minister, r67o {Long Buckby)"
After the Restoration, it was generally the custom to pro
cure substantially bound parchment volumes to serve as
register books. The price of these often occurs in church
wardens' accounts, and occasionally in the actual books.
Thus at Kidderminster a register book was bought in 1674
iox £\, 15s. A new register was purchased for the Derby
shire village of Tickenhall, in 1693, for 8s.
" A register for y* parish of Ravenston (Derbyshire) bought by
Robert Ayre and Thomas Grant Churchwardens y" ist of
Septemb' 1705, price 16 shillings."
The second volume ofthe registers of Wellington, Somerset
has inscribed on the first page : —
" This Book was Bought by Cornelius Marsh, the 2 ist day of
May, Anno Dom. 1726 : and it cost the sume of 01/. 07^^. o()d.
" Baptism, Matrimony, and the Winding Sheet,
As Times do come. Within this book do meet.
Cornelius Marsh"
The following entries respecting the Register Stamp Act
of 1783 in the register of Whittlesey St. Mary, Cambs: —
" 1 783, Oct. In the beginning of this month the nasty three penny
Tax took place, and as I expect, from the great number of poor, and
the Rebellious Humour of the parishioners, to collect but few three
pences I shall mark those that pay with V in the Baptisms and

22 PARISH REGISTERS
Burial. N.B. — As people are most frequently openhearted on the day
of Marriage, I expect 'most of my parishioners will pay y° 3d on that
occasion. I shall therefore mark those that do not pay with a V.
I squeezed 3d from many a poor wretch ill able to give even so much
to Government I am afraid. I think I ought not to urge quite as
hard." The fees for the one year in the parish amounted to
;^i, OS. gd., upon which the curate entered this further note : —
" Tis very much more than I expected or than I shall have next
year, for as Poverty is admitted as a plea, it will be frequently
urged." The beginning ofthe Christian year in England has been
subject to various changes. The year was reckoned from
Christmas Day, 2Sth December, after the sixth century
until 1066; from ist January to 31st December, from 1067
to 115s ; from the Annunciation, 25 th Marchjo 24th March,
1^15 3 to 1750-51 ; from 25th March to 3 1st December, in 1751 ;
and from ist^anuary to 31st December, from ist January
1752 up to the present time. The last of these changes was
brought about pursuant to Statute 24 Geo. II, c. 23 ; the
alteration excited a great deal of comment, adverse and
otherwise, particularly with regard to the omission of eleven
days in September, to bring about a true balance of the
calendar. It is not therefore surprising to find occasional
reference to this subject in the church registers. The follow
ing entries occur in the books of All Saints, Northampton : —
"1752, Jan. Whereas the supputation of the year of Our Lord,
(in the Church of England) did heretofore begin on the 2Sth
day of March, it is now, by virtue of an Act of Parliament
passed in the 24th year of His Majesty's reign and in the year
of Our Lord 1751 to begin on the first day of January.
"1752, Sept. According to an Act of Parliament passed in the
24th year of His Majesty's reign, in the year of Our Lord
1 75 1, the Old Style ceased on the second day of this month

THE STORY OF THE REGISTERS 23
and the New takes place. So that all the eleven intermediate
nominal days from the second to the fourteenth are omitted, or
rather annihilated this year : and the month contains but nine
teen days."
A highly unusual note accompanies the first entry of
the year 1539 in the Chelmsford register book, which was
kept by Mr. Richard Wolston, the curate. Under the date
of 13th January 1539, Mr. Wolston writes: —
" Beginning at the first Daye of Januarye after the maner of the
Astronymers and soe we truste to precede."
Mr. Wolston was evidently far in advance of his times.
In the register of Whilton, Northants, is another ex
ceptional calendar note at the end of the year 1737 : —
"N.B. — Before this I began the year as the common almanack
dpes. But from this place shall follow the ecclesiastical year,
beginning on the 25th of March."
A parish register ought to be no respecter of persons.
The clerk (using that term in its widest significance) ought
ever to bear in mind George Herbert's line —
" All equall are within the Churches gate."
The offices of the Church of England for Baptism,
Marriage, or Burial are identical, whether used for prince
or pauper, for peer or peasant. But those who made the
entries were by no means always of the opinion of the writer
in the register of Ruyton, Salop, who penned an appropriate
stanza beginning : —
" No Flatt'ry here, where to be bom and die
Of rich and poor is all the history."
Those who were best acquainted with original registers
cannot fail to be aware that they not infrequently find, as
they turn over the pages, certain entries written in a far

24 PARISH REGISTERS
larger and bolder text than the remainder. On examination
it will always be found that the register writer has been
vulgar enough to reserve this prominent big lettering for the
great people or squires of the parish. This vulgarity is usually
more noticeable in seventeenth or eighteenth century register
books than in earlier examples ; but it is occasionally to be
found in those of Elizabethan date. A single example will
suffice ; the register book of Elland, Yorks, has the following
entries in great staring lettering : —
" 1566. Henricus Savile de Stainland gen. sepult. 12 Oct.
" 1567. Johes Thornell de Fixbie Gen. sepultus 27 Aprill.
" 1582-3. Jana Filia Johis Savile de Bradley Ar. baptiz,
16 February."

CHAPTER III
CHANGES IN RELIGIOUS FORMULARIES
Much Wenlock Register — Death of Henry viii — Accession of
Edward vi, Mary, and Elizabeth — Bidding Prayer of 1545 —
Use of English Service temp. Edward vi — Commonwealth
changes
EXTRACTS from the register of Thomas Butler, vicar
of Much Wenlock, beginning 26th November 1538,
and ending 20th September 1562, transcribed by that
careful antiquary, the late R ev. C Hart<;hnmp^ wpfp printpd in
the Cambrian Journal in 1861. This early register, written
on paper in a clear bold hand, was unhappily destroyed in the
fire that consumed the mansion of Sir Watkin W. Wynne,
at Wynnstay, in 1859, where of course this parochial register
had no business to be stored. This register, judging from
the f^rly full extracts fortunately taken by Mr. Hartshome,
was most exceptionally interesting in the full comments it
supplied as to the religious changes of the reigns of
Henry VIII, Edward vi, Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth,
and of incidents connected with the latter days of the
Cluniac Priory of Wenlock, which held the advowson of the
vicarage of the adjacent parish church up to the time of its
dissolution. The Monastery of Wenlock, as stated in this register,
surrendered on the morrow of the Conversion of St. Paul,
1539- The register stands out so distinctly and individually in

26 PARISH REGISTERS
the character and freedom of its entries, that it seems better
in this place to print the selected excerpts in a collective
form and in chronological order, rather than break them up
among the subsequent sections. It is somewhat singular to
note that Vicar Butler, appointed to his living by the monks
of the priory, and with his natural leanings to the unreformed
faith, could reconcile it with his conscience to follow out the
various changes in tongue and services that occurred during
the twenty-two years that he kept this parish register. The
vicarage was but of slight value, and it is not necessary
to think that he retained the post of parish priest from
merely mean motives. He may have enjoyed the responsi
bility and prominence of the position, but it is kinder to
believe that Sir Thomas Butler, in common with others of
the old priests, recognised that the main essentials of creed
and worship remained the same under the varied changes,
and that it was his duty to do the best he could for the flock
he had been called upon to serve during this upheaval of
formularies. It must have caused him deep pain to record the burning,
on 7th November 1547, of the bones of St. Milburge, to
whom the priory was dedicated, and he made the bare
entry in Latin. There is unrestrained joy about his long
notice in English of the accession of Queen Mary, and of the
dates on which the various Latin services, after the Sarum
Use, were resumed, and genuine sorrow when the time came
for recording the death of that Queen. But the simple way
in which he at the same time urged his flock to rejoiae over
the accession of Elizabeth, and to join in the local festivities,
is pleasant reading, whilst one of his latest entries states
that the celebration of the Divine Service in the " Englysh
Tonge" was once more begun on 25th June 1559.
"12 March 1540-1. Thro lycens was christened at Wylley, Agnes
the daughter of Ric. Charlton of this towne of Wenlok and of

1^oo2; oo 2MW

CHANGES IN FORMULARIES 27
Jane his wife, gossibes were Sir Thomas Butler of Wenlok,
aforesaid Vicar, and mistress Agnes wif of Maistr Ric. Lacon,
Lord of Wylley aforesaid, and wif of ^Vm. Davys of Apley
Lode.
"Memorandum that the loth day of this instant month of Febry. in
the year of our Lord 1541, here was buried W"" Lowe a
Cheshire man born, which William was a lad of 18 years of age
or thereabouts, cast by the verdict of 1 2 men at the s" Sessions
holden here before the s'' Justices the day as it is written in
the last of the leaf next preceding, which Sessions were pro
rogued till friday because of the absence of the ordinary, foras
much as the s" William desired the Priviledge of the Church,
saying that he could read; and on friday the loth day of this
february, when the Justices were sitting, the Ordinary Mr.
George Dycher parson of Stretton, Dean of this Deanery, being
ready in presence. It was found he was no Clerk, and so was
put to execution of the law and buried the same day, confessing
openly both in the Hall and at the place of Execution on the
Edge Top that he had robbed divers persons of their goods.
"1541-2, 5 Feb''. Agnes Pyner a poore woman of thage of
VI score er old and above as shee sayed unto h' Gostly fad'.
S' Richard Doghty who mynistred the blessed sacmets of
thaltar unto her to dayes befor her departing.
"1542, 17th June. John Mynsterley thrise bailiff of this borowe
of Moch Wenlok whose corpus lyeth humate in this parish
churche of the most holy Trinite befor the first stepp to the
Pulpitt bgfor thimage of our Lady of Pitie and Elizabeth his
wif lyeth ther buryed uppo the right hand of him southwards.
" 1542, 5 Nov. on Sonday aft' the feste of Alhallows all
Saincts in this parish Church sange his first Masse, S' Rychard
the Son of John Doughty of Burton w'in this parish and of
Julyane his wif, at whose said first Massinging was offered to
his use a p'sent.
"1543-4, Feb. 21. Here was buried out of the Almhouses
John Treessingham, a Cheshire man born, an aged lame man,
for on Saturday before his departing, he said unto me, Sir
Thomas Butler, Vicar of the Church of the Holy Trinity of
Moch Wenlock, that he was of the age of seven score years,
and I said it could not be so, and he was, as he said, of the
age of four score years at the Battle of Blower Heath, and
since that, there were three score years (count altogeder said

28 PARISH REGISTERS
he, and ye shall find seven score years, rather more than less),
and said also that some time he was servant to the old Sir
Gilbert Talbot, Knt. at the manor of Blakemore besides
Whitchurch.
"1542-3, 5 March. Agnes daughter of John Chistoke departed,
somtyme deacon or Clerk of this Churche, who departed of
the pestilens the first day of September in the er of our Lord
God MDxxxij who was a full honest server of the Churche and
taught scolers playne song and prick song full well so that the
churche was well served in his tyme ; buryed he was in the
churche yard on the knapp uppon the right hand 'as ye entre
into the Porche abowte vij cloth yards fro the porch, whose
sowle God Almighty take to incy. Amen.
"1544, 15 Sep. John Gogh at that tyme Curate otherwise
called S' John Castle sotyme moncke in monastre of St.
Milbge presctor in Moch Wenlok and prior of the cell in
Preen, the last Priest that ther was whose body is buryed.
"1546, 26 May. Here was buryed out of the Strete called
Mardfold out of the two Tenements nexte unto Sanct Owens
Well on the same side of the well, the body of S' Will"
Corvehill Priest, of the Service of O' blessed Lady St.
Marie, within the Churche of the holy Trinite &c. which two
hows belSging to the said Svice he had 1 his occupacion,
w' their apperten and parte of his wages, which was viij
markes, and the said hows in an overplus : whose body was
buryed in the chancell of our blessed Ladie befor thalt' under
the Ston in the myddle of the said altare, upon the left hande
as ye treade and stand on the heighest steppe of the thre, befor
the said altare; whose fete streche forth und' the said
altare to the wall in the Eest of thaltare, the body ther lying
w'in the Erth in a tomb of lyme and ston which he caused
to be made for himselfe for that intent ; after the reryng and
buldyng of the new Ruff of the said chansell, which rering
framyng and new reparyng of thaltare and chancell was don
throw the councill of the said Sir W"" Corvehill, whoo was
excellently and singularly experte in dyvse of the vij liberal
sciences and especially in geometre, not greatly by speculacon,
but by experience ; and few or non of handye crafte but that
he had a very gud insight in them, as the making of Organs,
of a clocke and chimes, an in kerving, in Masonrie, and
weving of Silke, an in peynting; and noe instrumente of

CHANGES IX FORMULARIES 29
musike beyng but that he coulde mende it, and many gud
ghifts the man had, and a very paciant man, and full honeste
in his conversacon and ly^"ng ; borne here, in this borowe of
Moche Wenlok and somtyme moncke in the monastrie of St
Mylbge here. Two brethren he had. One called Dominus
John, Monke in the said monastrie, and a Secular prieste
called S' Andrew Corvehill who dyed at Croydon beside
London, on whose soule and all Christian soules Almighty
God have mcy. Ame. AU this contrey hath a great
losse of the death of the s" Sir W" Corvehill for he was a
gud Bell founder and a mak' of the frame for bells.
" 1546, 9 JuliL Ad ultimam missam ^o dominus Thomas Boteler
Vicarius huj. Ecclie in Pulpito 1^ proclamacionem dni R.
nn Henrici octavi propter condempnationem libroram hereri-
corum istor. Vz. Fryth, Tyndale, Wycliff, Joy, Roie, Basilic,
Bale, Barnes, Covdale, Toner, Tracy, anno regni predicti
XSXTUl.
" 1 546, 7 February. Memorandum that the same 5th day of month
and year as it is above written, word and knowledge came
hither to this s^ Borough of Moch Wenlock that our
Sovereign Lord King Henry the 8th was departed out of this
transitory life, whose soul God Almighty pardon.
"1547, 17 July. Eodem die fuit communis ludos apud Hopton
Monochorum cuj^ ludi fiiit director Rich'' Lawley.
'¦' 7 Nov. Quo die combusta fuerunt ossa dive Virginis
Milburge in fori itroitu cimiterii cu quatuor imagor^ vz. S"
Jo. Bapt. de Hopebowdlar, Imagines S"" Blasii de Stanto
long, imagines S'- Marie Vgis Matris Xti de Acton Roflde,
et imagines ejusdem S"* Viiginis Maris.
"25 Dec'. Departed and dyed in the man" place of
Madeley about IX of the clock in the nyght Sir John BaUy
Clercke the last Prior of Moncks that was in the Monastre of
Moch Wenlock prior ther at the tyme of the Surredr thereof,
whose bodie was buryed on the morrow, v^ fest of S' Stephen
in the parish churche of Madeley aforesaid.
"1551-2, 22 March. Out of Calowton John France Fermerofthe
Chief ferme ther, beyng at the tyme of his death of the yeres
of one hundred rij ; five Score yeres, and seven yeres above
the C as he himselfe in his lif tyme befor diverse of his neigh
bours did declare.
" (Richard PhiUps who hanged himself) at the ynde of the Lane

30 PARISH REGISTERS
going toward Calowton at the plotte of grownde wher somtyme
was a Crosse of tymbre called Hamns Weales crosse.
"1553, Mem. That as some say King Edward the vi by
the Grace of God died the 6th day of this instant month of
July, in the year of our Lord God as it is above written, and
as some do say he died the 4th day of May last preceding,
in the same year of our Lord, and upon Mary Magdalenes,
which is the 22 nd day of this instant month, at Bridgnorth
in the fair, there was proclaimed Lady Mary Queen of
England, &c., after which proclamation finished the people
made great joy, casting up their caps and hats, lauding, thank
ing and praising God Almighty with ringing of bells and making
of Bonfires in every street. And so was she proclaimed
Queen the same day at Shrewsbury, and at the Battlefield in
the same evening with the like joy of the people, and triumphal
solemnity made in Shrewsbury, and also in this Borough of
Much Wenlock.
"1553. Here was buried out of Brosely the body of Sir Thos.
Parkes, priest, sometime a White Monk of the Cistercian order
in the monastery of Buildwas.
" iSS3i 3 Sep'. Quo die Ego do^ Thol Botelar hujus Ecclie
pochlis Sancte ac ¦ individie Tni vicarius, divina servicia ac
etia missam Latinis verbis more antiquo et secudum usu Sarum
auctoritate excellentissime Vgis Mariae Reginae nostrse Anglise
celebravi, sicut et ceteri curati hujus decanatus, ac ecciar
com. Salop fecerunt. Et in Vesperis, Rege Edwardo defuncto
Vesperas, de Placebo et dirige ac Cetera p defuncto, cum
missa de Regnina etiam in Crastino.
" '553) 7 Oct. A child first Christned in the Latyne tongue by
the booke called the Manuale.
"15531 31st Oct. A child first buryed after the Coronacon of
the Queen's Majistie in the latyne tongue after the use of
the Church of Sarum.
" 1554, 16 June. The altar of our blessed Ladie within this Churche
was consecrated and of newe reedified and made up-
" 1554, July 6. Memorandum that in the 6th day of this instant
month of July in the year of our Lord God as it is above
written, and in the first year of the noble reign of Marie, by
the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland Queen, cSic,
here sat Mr. John Herbert of Buildwas, Wm. Charlton of
Wombridge, Thomas Eyton, and Richard Lawley, Esq'., in

CHANGES IN FORMULARIES 31
commission directed to them from Lord Nicholas Bishop of
Worcester, Lord President of the Marches of Wales, for the
examination of the lands sometime belonging to the Chauntry
or service of our blessed Lady within this parish Church of the
Holy Trinity of Moch Wenlock.
"1554, 16 July. That the same day last above written my Lord
the Bishop of Worcester Dr. Nicholas Heath, Lord President
of the Marches of Wales coming with Justice Townesynde in
company with him from Salop, and riding towards Bridgenorth
about two of the clock in the afternoon, was desired by the
Burgesses of this Borough of Wenlock to drink, and so they
did alight and drank, sitting in the house of Richard Lawley
Gent, at the Ash, hanged and decked in the best manner the
s'^ Burgesses could, with clothes of Arrras, Covering of Beds,
Baneards, Carpets, Cushions, Chair Forms, and a Cupboard
covered with Carpet and a cloth, whereon stood the silver plate
whereof they drank, borrowed for the time of Mrs. Agnes the
wife of Mr. Thomas Rydley, sometime wife of Mr. Rich''.
Lakyn of Willey; the table covered with Carpet Cloth of
diaper and napkins of the same, three dishes of Pears, and a
dish of old apples. Cakes, fine wafers, wyne white, and claret,
and sack, and bread and ale for the waiters and servants with
out, at their pleasure, where my said Lord and Mr. Justice
sat the space of half an hour, and then arose, giving the said
Burgesses great and gentle thanks for their cost and cheat, and
so departed towards Bridgenorth. The names of the Burgesses
that were the cause of this s'' Banquet hereafter do follow as
they come into remembrance.
Edmund Sprott, deputy to Mr. Rich" Benthal, Bailiff of this
Borough of Moch Wenlock and the Liberties of the same.
Ralph Leigh, Gent. Rich'' Leg Christopher Morall
Wm. Moore David Lien Edward Dyke "i p , ,
John Bradeley Wm. Jeffries Wm. Fennymer/
John Sothorne Thomas Hill John Wildcocks de Burton.
Richard Wildcocks Serjeaunt of the s'' town and Liberties, and
divers other of the Burgesses both of town and country. The
sum of the costs of the said Banquet was ns.
"1555-6, 4th February. Here was christened Rich'' the son of
Thomas Lawley Gent, and of Beatrix his wife, dwelling within

32 PARISH REGISTERS
the site of the Monasterie of St. Mylburge the Virgin : the
gossibs were Mr. Acton of Aldnam besides Sherlet, Rich''
Benthal of Benthal, and Ann Chidde widow, the wife sometime
of Thomas Chidde Gentleman, sister natural of the said
Beatrix, who hath been and brought into this world in Matri
mony by her two husbands with this s" child 17 children.
"1558, 7 May. At Bridgenorth wtin the Churche of St Leonarde
was buried the bodie of Dominus Richard Marciall othwise
called dominus Richard Baker, sotyme Abbot of the Monasterie
of the Holy Apostles Petre and Paule in Shrowsburie, whoo
succeeded in the Abbatie the dominus Richard Lye abbate of
the same, whose bodie lieth buried in the churche of the
Spittle of St. Bartholomew in London at Smithfield. The s"*
Richard Martiall resigned the s** Abbatie to Dominus Tho'
Botelar who was Abbate at the suppressyng of the s"" Monastrie
and after lyved and died in Bridgenorth, and his bodie buried
1 the Churche of S' Leonard ther. And the resignation made,
the s"* Ric. Martiall was Prior of the Cell in Northfield whose
Sowles Almightie God take into his mercie. Amen.
"In remembrance to be had it is, that the 17th day of this instant,
month of November, in the year of our Saviour Jesus Christ,
1558, in the morning of the same day departed by death the
noble Queen Marie, in the 6th year of her reigne the daughter
of King the 8th, and of Queen Catherine his first wife ; and
the same day of her departing at 11 of the Clock, with the
whole 'assent of the nobility, was Elizabeth the daughter of the
said King Henry proclaimed Queen of England &c. in
London. And upon St. Catherine's day, as Sir Thomas
Botelar, Vicar of this Church of the Holy Trinity of Moch
Wenlock was going toward the Altar to celebration of the
Mass, Mr. Richard Newport of High Ercal Esq' then being
Sheriff of Salop, coming late from London, came unto me and
bad me that I after the Offertorie should come down into the
Body of the Church, and unto the people here being, should
say these words in open audience and loud voice. Friends ye
shall pray for the prosperous estate of our most noble Queen
Elizabeth, by the Grace of God Queen of England France and
Ireland, defender of the faith, and for this I desire you every
man and woman to say that Pater Noster with ave Maria, and
we in the Choir sang the Canticle Te deum Laudamus, pater
noster, ave maria, cum collecta pro statu Regni prout stat in

CHANGES IN FORMULARIES 33
processionale in adventu Regis vel Reginae mutatio aliquibus
verbis ad Reginam. And then went I to the altar and said
out the mass of St. Catherine, and after mass forthwith went
the same Mr. Sheriff with all the people out of the Church and
by Laurence Rindles the cryar he caused her noble grace to
be proclaimed Queen in the Market Place at the Church Yard
Style before the Court Hall ; he the s"* Mr. Sheriff giving him
instructions thereto as is above written ; and then the honest
men both of this Borough of Much Wenlock and of this parish
brought and accompanied him to the house of Richard Dawley
the younger, then Serjeant to Mr. Francis Lawley, then Bailiff
of the Franchises and Liberties of the same, and this done he
went homewards, they bringing him on the way ; and he
taking his Horse rode forth, and upon Sunday next after (the
28th of the same month being Dominica proxima adventum
domini) Mr. Richard Lawley in the name of himself and of his
Bailiff (who then was absent) came with W"" More, Rich''
Legg, and John Sothorne, with others, and willed me before
(them ?) that we should go in procession to repeat and to say
in the body of the Church to the people assembled the same,
saying in words that Mr. Sheriff willed me to pronounce with
some addition of words as here it foUoweth after, and hereupon
I having upon me the best cope called St. Milburges cope,
said unto the congregation in this wise. Friends, unknown it
is not unto you that our Sovereign Queen Mary is out of this
transitory life departed, for whose soul ye shall pray to Almighty
God to take unto his mercy, and ye shall pray also for the
prosperous Estate, &c. ut supra. And for this I desire you
every man and woman to say Pater noster and Ave Maria &c.
Then I said. Friends, Mr. Baihff of this Town and of the
liberties of the same, and Mr. Rich'' Lawley his father, with
other that have been Bailiffs, have willed me to shew you that
are poor folks that ye may at afternoon about one of the clock
resort to the Bonfire where ye shall have Bread and Cheese
and drmk to pray unto God Almighty for the prosperity of the
Queen's noble Majesty, and this said we went forthwith in
procession with Salve festa dies &c. sicut in dedicatioe ecclesie,
and at our return unto the quire we sang by note Te deum
laudamus, and ended with Keerie, Christe (Keerie Eleeson ?)
pro nos ave Maria, cum precibus et collecta pro bono statu
Regine prout est in processionale. This done I went to mass
3

34 PARISH REGISTERS
and after evening the bonfire was set on fire where the poor
folks were served.
"1559, 25 June. It is to be had in Remebrance that the celebra
tion of the divine Svice in the Englysh Tonge was begun this
day in crastino Nativitat S" Joh'^ bapt."
The following are some of the more remarkable and
definite references to the religious changes of the sixteenth
and seventeenth centuries, noted in the parochial registers
up and down the country, beginning with one in the latter
days of Henry vill.
Under the year 1 545, the Bidding Prayer to be used before
the service is written out in the register of Kirkburton, Yorks.
The sentence, " our most holie father the pope wyt all his
true college of cardenalls," is crossed out. This erasure was
probably made by Archbishop Holgate during his diocesan
visitation of 1546. The prayer runs—
" Yow 5halt pray for the whole congregation of Xrystes churche
wheresoever it be dyspersed throught out all the worlde and
especyally for this churche of England and Hyreland wherein I
commend unto your devout prayer our most holie father the
pope wyt all his true college of cardenalls and for all arche-
byschopes byschopes parsons vicars and curates who hayth care
and charge of soules and especyally for the vicar and curat of
this churche who haythe care and charge of your soules."
All references to the Bishop of Rome were ordered to
be "utterly abolished, eradicate and rased out" in 1537 by a
definite royal injunction ; but the order was in this case
boldly disregarded for eight years.
" 1547-8. {St. George Tombland, Norwich). Agnes Rogers nata fuit
viij. Februar 1547, et baptizat xj. die Februar 9, minister non
vult eam baptizare in lingua anglicana ideo differt' baptism set
nihil p' valuer' quia baptizavit eam in Ungua anglicana.
" 1549 {Soberton, Hants), 12 May. This tyme began the Ingles
service.
" 1549 {Staplehurst, Kent). The ninthe daye of June. This day

TITLE-PAGE of FIRST PRAYER BOOK IN ENGLISH.

36 PARISH REGISTERS
being Whitsunday (wherein the Booke of the Common Prayer
and Administration of the Sacraments and other rite and
Ceremonie of the Churche, after the use of the Churche of
Englande began to be executed) there was first baptized
Marie the daughter of Richard Besiley parsone of this py'she
Churche borne the last Thursday hora fer' quintu ante
meridiam of his lawful Wif Jane who were maryed the year
before, and in the first day that the holly comunion in the
English tonge (after thorder that now is was here mynystered),
they bothe w' others most humblye and devoutlie com-
unicating the same. The parsone Christined his owne
Childe."
Under an entry of births in the register of Oundle,
Northants, on 6th July 1645, is written : —
"These set doune according to y° Directory set forth by y'^ synnod
and alow'd by both houses of Parliment."
According to the Directory, which superseded the Prayer
Book in 1644, the child was to be baptized in church, but
" not in the places where Fonts in the time of Popery were unfitly
and superstitiously placed."
It is also therein stated that the minister
"is to baptize the child with water : which for the manner of doing it,
is not only lawfuU, but sufficient and most expedient to be, by
powring or sprinckling of the water on the face of the child,
without adding any other Ceremony."
"1645 {Whitworth, Durham), July 27. James, son of Ambrose
Bell, was the last Baptism with the Book of Common Prayer
in this Parish.
"1646 {Fitz, Salop), July 7. Alee, d. of Richard Ferington and
Amias bap. This Alee d. of Richard Ferington was the
first that ever was baptized in Fittz Church without the signe
of the Crosse at the instance and earnest desyer of him, that is
of Richard, was the signe of the Crose omitted.
" 1647 {Ibid.) Nov. 16. John s. of Joseph Lloyd and Elnor bap.

DIRECTORY FOR
The Publique Worfhip ofgOT>,
Throughout the Three
KINGDOMS OF
England, Scotland, and Ireland.
Together with an Ordinance of Parlia-
nicnt for the taking away of the Book of
C O M M O N-PR A YE R:
I AND
jForeftablin-iir.gand obfervingofthis prefent Directcrt
throughout the Kingdom of fif/.^i.', and Dominion o( iv^tet.
I Die J-ovts, I J. CMArtit^ 1544.
ORdered by the Lords and Commons affemblcd in
Parliament, That this Ordinance and ViTeclory bee
forthwith Printed and Publtfhcd;
Job: Brown, Cleric. H. Elfynge, Cter.
Parlumintorum. Farl.D.Com.
^^-*^ '^'^ L O N D O N:
Printed for Lvm Tjler^ Alexarider Fifeld, RJph Smith, and
^ghn Field -^ And are to be fold at the Sign ofthe Bible
in Cornhill,neerthe Royall-Excha.s&e. 1644.
TITLE-PAGE OF "DIRECTORY" OF 1644.

3^ PARISH REGISTERS
The infant was the first baptzd after the new forme of the
Directorie and not by the Common Prayer Book.
" 1650 {Moze, Essex), July 6th. Francis y= daughter of Mr. Thomas
Sherman of Harwich Physitian and Francis his wife was
baptized by me Mat: Duerdon rector of Mose by ye booke
of Common Prayer at Mr. Shermans house in Harwich.
"1660 {Whitworth, Durham). Charles 11 proclaimed at London,
May 8th, and at Durham, May 12th, on which day I, Stephen
Hogg, began to use again the Book of Common Prayer."
The registers of Nassington, Northants, contain the
following : —
" Memorandum that on Sunday the viii day of Febuary in the
yeare of our Lord 1662-3, being the second Sunday after the
Revised Book of Common Prayer was brought him, John
Laurence, vicar of Nassington, after Morning Prayer, publiquely
and solemnly read (as it is by the said Booke appointed) and
declare his unfeigned assent and consent to the use of all things
in the said Booke conteined and prescribed according to the
Act of Parliament on that behalfe in the presence of us whose
names are underwritten and of the whole congregation then
assembled." [No names, however, follow.]

CHAPTER IV
BAPTISMS
Births and baptisms — Casting nativities — Puritans and fonts —
Exceptional baptismal entries — Adult baptism — Godparents —
Godparents to bastards — Baptism by midwives — Creatura
Christi
IT is very rare to find birth as well as baptism entered in
registers until the Commonwealth period is reached ;
but from other sources it is quite clear that in mediaeval
days and throughout the sixteenth century baptism followed
far more speedily after birth than has now for a long time
been customary.^ For instance, in a commonplace book
of Arthur Mowen of Woodseats, Derbyshire, mention is
made of Alice Mowen, born on Monday night, and christened
at Dronfield church on the following Wednesday, 1 3th March
1 593 ; of George Wilson, born on Tuesday, 1 3th September
1590, and christened on the Thursday; of Frances Wilson,
born on Saturday about xj of the clock, 7th July 1599, and
christened in Tickhill church, Yorks, on the morrow ; and
of George Mowen, born at Milnethorpe on Saturday 19th of
April 1600, and christened at Dronfield on the following
day by his uncle. There are many other entries of baptisms
of his posterity the day after birth, and one of the latest
is still more remarkable : —
' By the ecclesiastical laws of King Ine, a.d. 693, a child was ordered to be
baptized within 30 nights ; if otherwise, the father was to make satisfaction with
30 shillings. The laws of the Northumbrian priests shortened the period, in 950,
to 9 nights, under a penalty of twelve ore. The canons under King Edgar,
made in 960, extended the period to 37 nights.
39

40 PARISH REGISTERS
" George Mowen my son and Hellen his wife had issue, and she
was brought to bed of a goodly boy on Sunday at morn,
between i and 2 of the clock, being the 12th of June 1628, at
Woodseats, and christened at Bariey the same day, between
morning prayers, by me Arthur Mowen, his grandfather."
The eariier part of the first register book of Chislet,
Kent, is a remarkable exception to the general rule. The
birth is always recorded, and the entry is made in Latin, either
as natus et baptizatus, or natus et renatus. It was obviously
the rule in that parish to baptize on the birthday. Out of
15 baptisms in 1544, 13 were baptized on the day of birth ;
in 1545, 8 out of II ; and in 1546 the whole of the 16
entries were of that nature.
The expression renatus for baptism is not infrequent in
Latin register entries ; it is the form usually adopted in the
registers of Hughley, Salop, from 1576 to 1616; it also
occurs in the. Shipton registers of the same county.
The following is the preface to the 1653 births and
baptisms in the register of Barnstaple, Devon : —
" Here beginneth a Register of the dayes of the Birth of Children
here in Barnestaple as it is comanded for Authoryty of Parlam'
more exact than formerly."
The list begins with William, son of Henry Drake, born
4th December 1653. Parallel columns opposite the names
are prepared for " Born " and " Bap." Out of the 40
names entered as born up to the end of the year 1653
(24th March), only one is entered as baptized, and only five
more up to the end of August 1654. As, however, from this
latter date up to the close of the Commonwealth period
baptisms are almost invariably entered after the births, the
omission of the former for some months in 1653-54 is
apparently accidental.
Occasionally births are entered of a much later date, as
suggested in accordance with the Stamp Act of 1783. Thus

BAPTISMS 41
the third register book of Askham, Notts, which begins in
1784, records both birth and baptism. The following is the
first entry : —
"1784. Mary, daughter of William Pankerd, born 15 June,
bap. 27 th."
In the same year occurs Isaac Hilton, born 22nd May,
baptized 20th June ; and Mary Clark, born and baptized on
2nd April. The double entries continue down to 1812.
A belief in the follies of astrology caused certain registers
to be disfigured by the occasional exact entry as to birth,
in order to give facilities for " casting the nativity," or telling
the fortune of the child. It is a wonder that the profanity
of associating holy baptism with such an unscriptural
attempt to fathom the future did not check such entries.
Four examples are here given out of about a score that
have been noted : —
'•1574 {Hawsted, Suffolk). M?. That Mr. Robert Drury, the first
Sonne of Mr. William Drury, Esquire, was born 30 Jan. betwixt
4 and 5 of the clock in the morning, the Sunne in Libra, anno
1574, at Durham House, within the Parish of Westminster.
" ^586 {Exton, Rutland). Mr. Henry Hastings, Son and Heir of Mr.
Francis Hastings, was born on St. Mark's Even, April 24,
between the hours of 10 and 11 of the clock at night, Sign
Sagit: secund: die pleni lunii Marte in Taurum intrato die
precedente; and was christened May 17.
" 1600 {Brundish,, Suffolk). The xxvjth dale of October was
Baptisid Thomas Colbye the sonne of Thoraas Colbye gent
and Annye ux' beeinge borne the xiij dale of October the signe
beeinge in Taurus at the hower of vij of the clocke in the
eveninge.
" 1636 {South Pickenham, Norfolk). Elizabetha filia Jacobi Hunter
ex Anna Uxore ejus in ipsius plateis sub Australi parte
Magnse Ulmi October 9 in Lucem Edita est, et eodem die
sacro baptismate aspersa est."
The Puritans had an innate dislike to the use of a

42 PARISH REGISTERS
baptismal font, and preferred to use an ordinary basin as
necessitating more sprinkling, and belittling the importance
of the initial Sacrament of the Church. The Elizabethan
injunctions strictly forbade the use of basins, but when the
Puritans gained the ascendancy in the Commonwealth days
basins were ordered to be substituted for fonts, and not a
few of the latter were broken up or ejected from the
churches.^ The use of anything save a proper font for baptism was
not only prohibited by Elizabeth in 1584, but is strictly
forbidden by the reformed Canons of the Church of England.
Nevertheless the use of basins by the Puritans had obtained
such a hold that this irreverent custom was not wholly
abolished at the restoration of episcopacy ; in fact, it is still in
practice in a few out-of-the-way parishes of slovenly habits.
At Hillingdon, Middlesex, basin-baptizing continued for
ten years after its renewed prohibition, as the incumbent
admits in the register : —
"Elizabeth, the Daughter of WiUiam Pratt, Feb. 25, r67i-2.
The first that in eleven years was baptized with water in the
font, the custom being in this place to baptize out of a bason,
after the Presbyterian manner, only set in the Font, which
I could never get reformed, till I had gotten a new clerk,
John Brown, who 'presently did what I appointed to be done."
We give two out of several register references to new or
restored fonts immediately subsequent to the Restoration : —
"1660 {Cathedral Church of Peterborough). Hellin Austin, the
daughter of Humphrey Austin, was born the 20th of February
being Wednesday, and baptized the 7th of March in the
Cathedral Church, being the first that was christened in the
Font there after the setting it up. The said Font being puU'd
down and the lead taken out of it by Cromwell's soulders.
Anno Dom. 1643.
^ See Cox & Harvey's Cliurch Furniture (1907), pp. 160-235, ^f"! Bond's
Fonts and Font Covers (1909).

BAPTISMS 43
" 1661 ( Whittington, Lancashire). Mary daughter of Johne Johnson
bapt. the second day of February in the New font the first
child in the said font erected in the 14th year of the Reigne
of our Soverign Lord Charles the second."
The following are a selection of somewhat unusual entries
from baptismal registers arranged chronologically ; they
need no comment: —
"1575 {Christ Church, Newgate Street), Sep. 26, was christened
4 dau's of Roger Abraham, pulter
Elyzabeathe' Margerett these 4 dau's were borne at one byrthe
Dorathye by his wyfe Joone.
Marye
"1588 {Mitcham, Surrey). William Anselm, the Sonne of William
Anselm Vicar of this parish of Mytcham was borne upon
Friday beinge the firste of Novembre and the festivall day off
all Saintes betwene the hours of one and two of the Clocke in
the aftemone of the same day and was baptized the sonday
sennight after being the x of the month aforesaid.
"1604 {Nunney, Somersetshire). Roger Starr, baptized Dec. 17.
He clymed up a ladder to the top of the house, 23 Oct., 1606,
being seven weeks and odd days less than two years old.
" 1613 {Holnest, Dorset). ^Marye Doher, Hanna and Arthur Dober,
the ii daughters and sonne of Thomas Dober, were all three
home at one tyme, and were baptized the xxixth daye of Marche.
" 1624 {St. Peter's, Canterbury). Elizabeth Fuller, d. of Thomas
Fuller, a baker of St James his p'ish in Dover (the mother
in her jorney overtaken w'th her travaile being deUvered here
with us at the Cherrytree) the sayd Elizabeth Fuller baptized
Septemb. 5.
" 1634 {Stock, Essex), 15 Mar. John s. of John Fisher (as was said)
and of Margaret a stranger, brought to bed at ye 'Cocke'
some 4 days before was baptized ye same time being ye 15th
of March, on which day in ye night the sayd Margaret as they
called her and her sayd sonne were together with one whom
they called her sister, secretly conveyed away, the host and
hostesse not knowing thereof. Meretricium certe hoc fuit
facinus.
"1635 {Drypole, E. R. Yor^s). George the son of Robart Johnson

44 PARISH REGISTERS
was baptized on tuesday the 26th of Januarie about foure of
the clocke in the morninge being weake and abortivefie borne.
The said George Johnson was buried on Wednesday the
27th of Januarie.
"1642 {Nassington, Northants). Rich. Forsters child christned at
Fotheringhay by Mr. Welby and not signed w"" the signe of
the Crosse 2 June.''
Allusion has already been made to the changes in con
nection with baptism under the Commonwealth. This
change is commented upon in several registers; it will
suffice to give two of such references, the one in Latin,
the other in English: —
"1645 {Wing, Rutland). Michael Winge filius Michael Winge et
Annae Haule uxoris ejus baptizatus fuit vicesimo sexto die
Octobris. Iste infans fuit primus qui baptizatus fuit secundum
Directorium parliamentarum. '
" 1647 {Blatherwick, N'hants). Marke the sonne of Ferdinando
Broun and Anne his wife was baptized Mar. the 25th, beeing
the first baptized according to the Directory.
" 1646 {Moze, Essex). Mattheus Duerdenus filius natu maximus
Matthei Duerdeni Rectoris de Mose et Elizabethse uxoris
natus erat 15 die Octobris Ano Dom 1646 inter horas primum
et secundum nocturnas baptizatus Octob. 22 in ecclesia
parochiali de Mose. Sponsoribus.
"165 1 {Eastbourn, Sussex). Rich Boulte, the Son of me John
Boult^, was born January 19th, and was baptized January 20th,
he being my 26th child.
"1655 {St. Botolph, Aldgate). William Clark, a Soldier, and
Thomasine his Wife, who herself went for a Souldier, and was
billetted at the Three Hammers in East Smithfield, about
seven months, and was afterwards delivered of this Child the
1 6th day of this July, and was baptized the 17th in her lodging,
being one Mr. Hubler's House. She had been a Souldier,
by her own confession, about five years, and was sometime
Drummer to the Company.
" 1661 {Hackness, Yorks). James the sonn of Thomas Moore gentle
man borne the second of September in the momeinge baptized
the tenth day privately it is supposed by a popish prieste

BAPTISMS 45
beinge a straunger then at the mannor. Mr. Thomas Moore
was then at London.
" 1664-5 {Grinton, Yorks), Mar. 24. Anthony, son of Mark Raw
of Blades, baptized in y" presense of y" Great Grandfather,
and Grandfather and other witnesses then having received y°
holy communion : he was aged 2 yeares at Martinmas before.
" 1667 {Abington, N'hants). John, sonne of Clement Spicer chirothe-
carius (glover) and of Elizabeth his wife, was made a X^"
24 Novemb.
" 1689 {Thornton, Bucks). Richard ye son of William How and of
Elizabeth his wife was baptized 15 th day of September. Called
out of Church in midst of sermon to baptize it, bee likely to
die.
" 1692. Debora y° dearly beloved wife of Robert Jenney Esq. dyed
y' 24th of October and was buryed the 26 of y" same Month
leaveing 2 pretty Babes Offley and Debora behind her whereof
Debora dyed y° 28th of May and was buryed y° 30th 1693.
"1703 {Corby, N'hants). Presbyterians, Nathaniel Chambers and
Rebecca his wife had two children a male and a female, born
May 22, 1703, as I am told, whom one Davis of Rothwell
has made Christians, they will call (them) Richard and Rebecca.
" r7o9 {Hepworth, Suffolk). Joseph son of Robert Beever of Hep-
worth junr. baptized with a conditional Baptism the 15th day
of May, because it was said that the Dissenting Minister Mr.
Jo. Biram had baptized him before, but the said Robert Beever
being interrogated about it, could not tell mee that the said
Mr. Biram had done more than sprinkled it and prayed with
it, injoyning him to bring the child afterwards to Lidget meet
ing to be baptized there.
" 1712 {St. Alkmund's, Derby). Bap. Nov. 5 Elizabeth and Honey-
love the daughters of John Key. Note Elizabeth was about
3 years old. The reason that she was baptized at the same
time in the church when Honeylove the infant was, was this,
I (Rev"* H. Cantrel M.A.) had some time before preached con
cerning baptism, and proved that the dissenting teachers have
no authority to baptize, and consequently that children that
had been sprinkled by 'em, ought to be baptiz'd by an
Episcopal Minister. The Father was so fully convinced by
what was said, that he came to me and desired me to baptize
the said child.
"1767 {Church Broughton, Derbyshire). May, daughter of Humphrey

46 PARISH REGISTERS
Morley, was born and baptized June 2nd. N.B. This child
had two Teeth cut when born. I saw the teeth when they
brought the child to me to baptize it. Jno Dimott, Vicar.
"1771 {Slaley, Northumberland), Feb. 25. Then was baptized
John, son of William Durick and Mary his wife, a travelling
dansing master and mistress.
" 1772 {Stanwell, Middlesex). Robert, John, and Mary Nash, trines
{i.e. triplets), baptized Feb. 7, buried Feb. 14.
"1796 {St. Peter's, Canterbury), Dec. 25. Esther Owen, d. of
William Owen, Drum Major in the Royal Glamorganshire
Militia and Ester his wife, privately baptized about the i6th
day of October, 1794, on Maker Heights in the County of
Devon or Cornwall, was received into the congregation, being
2 years of age, in this Church. This Battalion in October
1797, being then in camp on Maker Heights.'
The following instances, selected from many entries as to
the baptism of those of riper years, possess some interest. It
will be noticed that three of them refer to persons of colour : —
1663 ( Westminster Abbey). Drell Pead, one of the King's Scholars,
ab' 16 y'' of age, was bapt'' by the Deane pubUckly in the
font newly set up, April 18.
"1674 {Great Hampden, Bucks). Colliberry Winkfield and Jane
Winkfield, the daughters of John Winkfield and Elizabeth his
wife were baptized the 23d of Sept., the first being about
9 yeares old and the other about 4 years old.
"1693 {Bishop Wearmouth, Durham), March 27. A person aged
about 20 years, a Tawny, borne at the Bay of Bengal, in the
East Indies, and being taken captive by the English in his
minoritie was (after due examination of himself and witnesses)
baptized, and named John Weremouth, by me T. O., Curate.
"17 19 {Bobbingworth, Essex). John Reade (son of John Read
an Anabaptist) born Dec. y" 19th 1698 was at his own
request baptiz'd this 2 2d day of April.
"1736 {Dunster), Feb. 15. A black man was baptized William,
being about 22 years of age, and desired to be called William
Dunster in remembrance of his new birth.
"1757 {Stokesby, Yorks). Memorand. Jonathan Hill Physician and
Chirurgion aged 66 bapt Apr: 24th.
"1763 {Thurcaston, Leicestershire), Nov. 19. John Cragg of

BAPTISMS 47
Thurcaston, an adult, in his 75th year, being bed-rid, was
privately baptized, at his own request. N.B. — His Father
and Mother had been rigid Anabaptists. R. HuRD, Rector
"1788 {Chislehurst, Kent), Jan. 20th. Thomas West, a negro of
about 6 years of age^ who had been sent over as a present
to Lord Sydney from Governor Orde of Dominica."
Entertainments at the time of baptism were customary
among the well-to-do classes. Strype tells us that when
the son of Sir Thomas Chamberlayne was baptized at St.
Benet's Church, Paul's Wharf, in 1559,
" the church was hung with cloth of arras, and after the christening
were brought wafers, comfits, and divers banquetting dishes, and
Hypocras and Muscadine wine to entertain the guests."
There is an entry of a choral baptism in 1636 among
the registers of 1636 at St. Margaret's, Westminster : —
" May 26. Baptized Mrs. Alice, daughter to Sir Robt. Eatan,
Secretary to King Charles i. The Quire attended : the boys
had ;^3, i6s. 8d."
When Cardinal Ximenes put forth his great influence
in 1497 to secure the due registration of the baptism of
children throughout Western Christendom, this step was
mainly taken to correct the laxity of morals whereby divorces
had become frequent on the score of alleged spiritual re
lationship or affinity, arising out of acts of sponsorship.
Hence it was ordered throughout the diocese of Toledo,
and the custom ere long became general throughout Spain
and Italy and elsewhere, that the names of the sponsors
should be registered at the time of baptism.
" Godfathers and godmothers,'' as Mr. Chester Waters puts it,
"were regarded by the Church as spiritual parents, who, with
their husbands and wives and children, were spiritually related to
each . other and to the infant of whom they were sponsors, within

48 PARISH REGISTERS
the prohibited degrees. When, therefore, two persons wished to
dissolve the bond of marriage, they had only to allege that they
had previously contracted some spiritual relationship which rendered
their marriage canonically invalid; and from the absence of any
record to test the truth of the allegation, they were, by an easy
collusion, enabled to separate and marry some one else."
Divorces on the ground of spiritual incest were fairly
common in England in pre- Reformation days. Thorpe's
Customale Roffense supplies various instances in Rochester
diocese during the fifteenth century of divorce or punish
ment for such offences. The marriage between John
Trevemook and Joan Peckham was annulled in 1465 on
the ground that John's former wife, Letitia, had been god
mother to one of Joan's children. William Lovelesse, of
Kingsdown, was cited in December 1472 on a charge of
having married his spiritual sister — that is, a woman to
whom his mother had been godmother. John Horsthan, of
Tunbrldge, was sentenced in 1463 by the diocesan official
to be whipped three times round the market-place and
church for marrying Dionysia Thomas, a goddaughter of
his former wife.
The following entry in the register book of East
Quantock's Head, Somerset, is the last instance known in
England of the remarriage of the persons who had been
divorced for spiritual incest: —
" 1560, Aug. 7. Thomas Luttrell esquier and Mrs. Margaret
Hadley married."
This Thomas Luttrell was a cadet of the ancient and
disringuished family of the Luttrells of Dunster Castle.
During the lax times of Edward vi he had been contracted
in marriage with Margaret, the infant heiress of the Hadleys
of Withycombe, notwithstanding the fact that she was the
goddaughter of his mother. Dame Margaret Luttrell, and
therefore in the eyes of the Church the spiritual sister of

BAPTISMS 49
Thomas. The bride came to full age in the time of Queen
Mary, when the laws of the Church were strictly interpreted,
with the result that the offenders were divorced, and ex
communicated. Appeal was made for a dispensation to
Pope Paul IV, and by his decision the culprits were released
from excommunication in November 1558, on condition
of a new marriage being celebrated in the face of the
Church. The remarriage, however, did not take place
until the new conditions of things under Elizabeth were
established, when all references to Rome and questions of
illegality were ignored, and the couple were remarried ac
cording to the reformed rite, the bride in her maiden name.
It is highly probable that in a large number of parishes,
and possibly in the majority, the names of the sponsors
were added to the baptismal entries so soon as the general
law of registration came into force in England. It is known
that this was the case in several instances, but the vast
majority of the registers which date back to 1538-9 are
mere abstract transcripts dating from the close of that
century, wherein every superfluous word beyond the barest
record is obviously omitted.
It would appear, from some of the earliest entries in the
now missing register of Much Wenlock, Salop, that god
parents were there known by the old English term of
"gossips." The word is more correctly written "gossib,"
for it is derived from the Anglo-Saxon sib, alliance or
relationship, hence one related in the service of God.
"Jan. 21, 1538-9. Gossibes S' Thos Butler Vicar of this churche
and dominus Jas. Ball monke of the Monastre of Sainte
Milburge.
" 18 Feb. Gossibes Ric. Lawley Gent, and Johan the wif of
Jas. Fenymer Porter of the Monastre."
The following entry of the year 1542, in the register of
Ickenham, Middlesex, is probably due to the distinguished
4

50 PARISH REGISTERS
position of the sponsors, and not to any adherence to a
then general Catholic custom : —
" Katherine, the Dowgter of the Lord Hastyngs, and the Lady
his Wyff, was borne the Saturday before our Lady Day, th'
assumption, being the • 1 1 day of August, and was christened the
20 of August, the godmother, Queene Kateryn by her debite, being
her syster, one Mr. Harbard's Wiff; the other Godmother, the
Lady Margaret Duglas, the Kyng's nece, and the Godfather, the
Lord Russell, beying the Lord Prive Scale, by hys debite, Master
Francis Russell, hys Son and Heyre."
In the preliminary Articles of Visitation drawn up by
Cardinal Pole, in Queen Mary's reign, the final question
" Touching the Clergy " is — " Whether do they keep the
book or register of christenings, buryinges or marriages,
with the names of the godfathers and godmothers ? "
The first register book of Chislet, Kent, shows com
pliance with the Marian orders, but the godparent entries
ceased on Elizabeth's accession : —
" 1556. Thomisina filia Thome Clipson erat baptizata 10 die Julii
patribus et matribus rob'tus alen Thomisina blaksland Elizabet
Hinckton.
"1558. Gilbertus Androwe filius Johani Androwe baptizaf fuit
3 die Augustii compatres gilbert^ penj et Thomas Wylkys
co'mat'r Juliana Lyon."
The earlier pages of the well-kept registers of the parish
church of Chelmsford also show obedience in this respect to
Cardinal Pole's injunctions. The following are among the
few cases wherein we have noted the more or less regular
entry of godparents in the baptismal registers of Elizabethan
days: Mertsham, Surrey, 1 559-1 562; Selattyn, Salop, 1560-
1574; Birchington, . Kent, 1564-1606; Burton Fleming,
Yorks, 1577-1599. At Ledbury, Hereford, the entry of the
sponsors began, according to order, in 1556, and was
continued down to 1576.

CARDINAL REGINALD POLE
(ak'I'IST UNKNliWN)
¦o>n a paintiHx' at the Xational Portrait CalUv

BAPTISMS 51
The registers of St. Martin's, Micklegate, York, give
the names of the godparents of baptized children for the
years 1571-75; they are in each case termed "sureties,''
to which term "witnesses" is added in two or three
instances."1571. Barbara Vandighteryng, doughter of Sir James Vandighter-
ynge, Flemyng and ... hys wyf, was baptysed this eleventh day
of november — surties, Mr. Cotton, archedecon of Cleveland, Mrs.
Trew, and Mrs. Cuttes."
Godparents are also named in the registers of All
Hallows-in-the-Wall for several years, beginning in 1584: —
"1585 {All Hallows-in-the-Wall). Roose Raman, the daughter of
John Raman being yeaman purvyar unto her Majestic was
Baptized the xiiij day of novembre, and had to her witnesses
John burton currier of this parish, and Roose Willis the wyfe
of John Willis of the parish of St. peters the poore, and Martha
Smyth, the wyfe of Richard Smyth one of her majesties
trumpets, of this parish."
In the registers of Holy Trinity, Chester, the names of
the godparents are set forth for each baptism from 1600 to
1624, thus: —
" 160T, 6 January. To Ashton Baker a sonne named Raf. G. F. Mr.
Rose Berkenhead and Rafe Crosse, G. M. Mrs. Elizabeth
Thropp.
" 1620, 14 March. Margret, Dau. to Robt Flecher Baker; Rafe
Cratchley, Margret Harndy and Marg' Blanchard, Gossips."
The registers of Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, occasionally
supply the names of godparents under the baptismal entries
from 1600 (the beginning) to 1625. In each entry the
sponsors are termed " witnesses." Thus under 161 2 occurs : —
" Christopher Reane sonne of Nicolas Reane and Eme his wyfe
was baptized the xvj day of June Robt Cockrell, thomas myles and
Mrs. Mary Jackson wyttnes."

52 PARISH REGISTERS
As to the various names, in addition to witnesses or sureties
assigned in the registers to godparents, it may be mentioned
that in the early Selattyn entries they are invariably called
" Goshipps," and at Birchington " Susceptores," " Compatres,"
or " Fidejussores.'' The last of these terms is also used in
the registers of Startforth, Yorkshire.
In the time of Elizabeth there was no necessity to
continue the entry of sponsors in our registers on the ground
of avoiding the danger of spiritual incest, as such an impedi
ment to marriage was no longer maintained by the Church
of England. The custom, therefore, generally fell into
abeyance. But in many a register, more especially in
country parishes, isolated entries of sponsors are found to
accompany the baptismal record. In almost all such cases,
we are sorry to say, the reason for this exceptional setting
forth of sponsors is the innately vulgar one, particularly odious
in a Church record, of doing supposed honour to the family
of the squire or other magnate. This vulgarity is not in
frequently still further emphasised by such entries being made
in an exceptionally large text.
At Askham, Westmoreland, the Sandforths were lords of
the manor ; throughout the latter part of Elizabeth's reign,
and down to 1662, the children of that family bore the
unique distinction of having their godparents' names set
forth in full. A single instance is given as a sample : —
"1592. Oct. 20 was Thomas the chyld of Mr. Thomas Sandforth
esquier borne and chrystened the fyrst day of Nov. being All
Saints day, his godfathers was Thomas Lord Scrope by his
substitute Mr. John Mydleton esquier and Mr. Thomas Salkeld
esquier, his godmother was Mrs. An Bellingham."
The only mention of godparents in the registers of Stokes
ley, York, which begin in 1571, is a single instance, the entry
being obviously made for the poor reason of exaldng the
dignity of a family which could command the presence of

BAPTISMS 53
such exalted sponsors at the initial sacrament of the Divine
Carpenter : —
" 1602-3. Margrett the doughter of the Right Worshippfull Sir
William Eure Knight being borne the xth of December was
Baptized the xviijth dale of Januarie The God Father my Lord
Arch Bushopp hys Grace Bush, of Yorke and the God Moothers
the Right Honorable Countesses of Kent and Cumberland."
It must suffice to give but two or three other examples, out
of many that we have noted, of the preferential treatment in
church registers of the children ofthe great people of the parish,
when dedicated to Him who knew not where to lay His head.
The Bowdens, of Bowden Hall, were the most ancient and
wealthy family of the widespread Derbyshire parish of
Chapel-en-le-Frith. Hence their children are singled out
for elaborate entry : —
"Bamby Bowden was bom y* 5 th day of August, 1653, about 6
of y* clock in y" morning, and was baptized y° i6th day of y* same,
Thomas Bamby and Peter Foljamb Esquiers godfathers, and
Katharine 'Wentworth, wife of Michael Wentworth, of Wody, Esquier,
godmother. "Thomas Bowden was bom y' 4th of October, 1654, about
3 o'clock in y° morning, and was baptized y" i8th day of y° same.
Henry Bagshawe, of Ridge, and Tristram Stafford godfathers, and
Mrs. Wooderofe, godmother."
The same principle obviously regulates such exceptional
entries as the following in the registers of St. Margaret's,
Westminster : —
'¦ 1708, June 28. Charles Grahame, son to Very Rev. Wm D.D.
Dean of Wells, by Alice, baptized by Jno Ld Arch Bishop of
York. Her Majestic being godmother, and the Dukes of
Somerset Queensberry and Dover, godfathers — ^Bom y' 6th.
"1720, June 2 2. Lord George Jonnstone, son to the Most Honorable
WiUiam Lord Marquess of Annandale, by Lady Charlotte his
Marchioness. His godfathers, His Majestic King George (by
proxy the Earl of Orkney), the Lord Viscoimt Allington the

54 PARISH REGISTERS
other: and Her Grace the Dutches of Hamilton his god
mother."
After all this servility, it is a relief to recollect that there
are in our English parish registers just one or two very rare
cases where the minister does honour to the lowly. The
most touching entry of this kind that we have met with is
that penned by the parson of West Thorney, Sussex, who
was not ashamed to make known in the register that he was
sponsor to a base-born infant. Surely the boy's unusual
name was the clergyman's choice ; spinola is a small briar
rose.

"1615 filius .
terrse

'Spinola, the Sonne of Dorothy Dumpar, base borne baptised
the tenth day of March, his Godfathers were Godfrey
Blaxton P'sone of Thorney, and Thomas Roman, and
Widdowe Toogood Godmother ; God's blessing be uppon
him, Amen."

In connection, however, with infants of illegitimate birth,
it must be recollected that now and again there are register
entries of sponsors whose names are obviously recorded in
order that they might serve as witnesses, if required, in
matters which might be charged on the parish, not unlikely
to arise in cases of bastardy. This is the explanation of the
following entry, of the year 1580, in the registers of St.
Michael le Belfry, York :—
" Dorothye Atkingson, Daughter to M'garett Atkinson,unmaryed,
and begotten as she did confesse, in the tyme of hir laboure,
before the wyves there present, by one Roger Nuton, cov'lett weaver.
The godfather name of it is Thomas Maryson, servant to Mr.
Henry Maye ; godmothers are Dorothy, ye wyf of one Edward
Walker, and one Ephame, the wyfe of Laurence Graye, baptized
the xxvth day of April."
The same explanation holds good with regard to the
entry of sponsors in the two following register excerpts : —
" 1607 {Holme Hale, Norfolk). James, ye bastard of one Maria, who

BAPTISMS 55
sayeth she hath or had a husband called Cockson ; was bapt.
6 April. She sayeth y' James Barbye was ye father of y' ;
one Peter Whytyng of Walpole was godfather, Ann Cooke and
Ann Bateman were Godmothers.
"1614 {St. Oswald, Durham), May 8. Richard EUeson, supposed to
be the son of Richard EUeson of the parish of Pittington,
bassebegotten with Ezabell Raw, the wife of Cuthbt Raw
decesed. Godfather John Sim; godmother Alice Dun, the
wife of Georg Dun, with S' Wright Curatt that did christen
the saide child."
In the registers of the last of these two parishes, there
are similar sponsor entries at the baptism of bastards for
the years 1609-12.
A baptismal entry in the Elizabethan registers of St.
Olave's, Hart Street, mentions such historical characters as
"witnesses," that the exceptional registration honour done
to the infant viscount can be pardoned, especially as the
saintly Bishop Andrews, then vicar of St. Giles', Cripplegate,
was the celebrant : —
" i59C3-r, Jan. 22. Robert Lord DeaverauxVicount Hereford, sonne
and heyre of Robert Earl of Essex, in my lady wallsingham's
bowse, mother to the Countis, Sir francis Knolls and the lord
rich with the countess of leicester wittnesses. Doctor
Andrewes preached and babtized the child."
The condescension of two well-born men in standing as
godparents to the child of a mere common sawyer, in the
reign of Charles I, was thought well worthy by the rector of
Albrighton, near \^'olverhampton, of being honoured in the
parish register : —
"1638, May 12. John, sonne of Edwarde and Cisley Davies, of
Albrighton, sawier, was baptized the 12th day of May, being
^^'hitsunday even. Sir John Corbett Knight barronett, and
his kinsman Mr. Thomas Riton coming from London acci
dentally being ye two godfathers who desired to doe good unto
a poore man and so baptized his childe."

56 PARISH REGISTERS
The rector of Methley, Leeds, had such an extraordinary
tale to tell of the godparents at a baptism in his church, in
1683, that he may readily be excused for making a special
entry : —
"John, the son of Savile Salsterston bapti'' the 16 of May, and it
weare confirmed and had its sureties on the 24 day of May,
and his sureties was these : his granfather and his great granfather
and great granmother, all by the father."
The Canon Law has always held that the rite of baptism
could be administered by any person in case of necessity.
Midwives in the Church of England, both before and after
the Reformation, were particularly enjoined to baptize if
there was any risk of the child dying before a priest could
arrive. The midwife was licensed by the bishop ; to obtain
a licence, the woman had to be recommended by matrons
who knew of her skill, and also by the parish minister, who
was to certify as to her life and conversation, and that she
was a member of the Church of England. By her oath she
was sworn to be " diligent, faithful, and ready to help every
woman travailing of child, as well the poor as the rich, and
not to forsake the poor woman and leave her to go to the
rich," and she was also bound to " in no way exercise any
manner of witchcraft, charms, sorcery, or invocation."
Curates were enjoined openly in the church " to teach
and instruct the mydwiefes of the very wordes and fourme
of Baptisme, to thententes that they may use them perfictly
and none oder.''
Several examples of entries referring to baptism by
midwives are here set forth, both from the earlier and later
parochial registers : — ,
" 1539 {Goodnestone, Kent), July 19. Francis Sladde, Son of Henrie,
who was also christened by y" midwife at St. Alban's Courte.
" 1SS5 {^orth Elmham, Norfolk). The ij chyldren of Johne Brow
and Agnes hys wyffe, wer chrystened by y= mydwyffe at home

BAPTISMS 57
y° xvj day of Apryll, and was buryed yt same dye, it was
esterne Tuysday.
" 1567 {Heme, Kent). William Lawson, an infant, christend by the
woemen, bearyed 21 Martii.
"1568 {Bobbingworth, Essex). M'' that John Browne was Christened
at home by the mydwyfe beinge in greate perill the ix day of
November and after his recoveringe was brought to the Church
to receave according to the Lawe.
" 1569 {Ibid.). M" that George Bourne the sonn of William Bourne
was Christened at home by mother Wryte the mydwyffe of the
parish and in the presence of ix other honest women of the
parish then beinge present accordinge to the lawe thorowe
great pearill and dainger the xvj day of Februarie.
"1578 {St. Michael le Belfry, York). John childe, sonne to Thomas
childe, baptized at home in the house by the mydwif, mother
todd, and afterwarde brought to the church, the iij"* day of may.
" 1582 {St. Mary Woolnoth), Sep.- 12. Cislye, daughter of Roger
Tasker, Goldsmythe, witnes by Roose Freest, Mydwief, that it
was so weke that it coulde not tarry untelle Sundaye.
" 1589-90 {Mitcham, Surrey). George Tyrwitt the sonne of William
Tyrwitt of Kettlebey Esquier was baptized by the hannde of
the Midwife in Mrs. Rutlands house the Childe being in greate
daunger. Jan. i.
" 1591 {St. Mary's, Lichfield), Oct. 12. Magarett, D"' of Walter
Hemingham, of Pypehall, baptized by the midwyfe, and as yett
not broughte to y^ Church to be there examyned and testified
by them that were then presente.
" 1 730 {Bishop Wearmouth, Durhani). Robert, daughter of William
Thompson, bap. 1 5 Feb. the midwife mistaking the sex, ebrietas
dementat.
" 1731 {Hanwell, Middlesex), Daughter. Thomas, Son of Thomas
Messenger and Elizabeth his Wife, was born and baptized
Oct. 24, by the midwife at the Font called a boy, and
named by the godfather Thomas, but proved a girl.
" 1787 {Clunbury, Salop), Augt. 5. Thomas* s. of William and Ann
James was baptised.
* " His name was not Thomas but WiUiam. He was the
only son and was born on the i6th June, 1787, as appears by
Mrs. Hold's (the midwife's) Book. B. Morgan, subcurate."
Creatura Christi. — It will be noticed that the three

58 PARISH REGISTERS
last extracts by midwives all relate to mistakes made as to
name or sex. It was, perhaps, from this liability to error
in hasty baptisms during dangerous confinements that the
midwives or others in mediaeval days now and again styled
the infant Creatura Christi, or simply Creature, a term
equivalent to Child of God. This term is met with in
several parochial registers of the sixteenth century. It
probably had its origin from Tindall's version of the New
Testament text, 2 Cor. v. 1 7. " Yf any man be in Christ, he is
a newe creature."
" 1547 {Staplehurst, Kent). Then was baptized by the Midwyffe and
so buryed the childe of Thorns Goldham caUed Creature.
" I Edw. 6 the xxvij of Apryle, there was borne ij Childre of Alexander
Beerye the one christned at home and so deceased called
Creature, the other christned at church caUed John.
" 1561 {St. Peter-in-the-East, Oxford), June 30, the chylde of God,
filius Ric. Stacy.
"1563 {Ibid), July 17. Baptizata fuit in cedibus he"" Humfrey
(Bishop ) filia ejus quae nominata fuit Creatura
Christi.
"1563 {Ibid.), July 17. Creatura Christi filia Laurentii Henfeldi
sepulta fuit eodem die.
" 1565 {Staplehurst, Kent), March 3. Ther was buryed the sonne
of John . . ., which dyed imediatly as he was borne, being
named Creature.
"^573 {Kidderminster), April 14. b. Gods creature, the sonne of
John and Jane Glazzard.
" 1588 {Elmley Lovett, Worcester). Bur. Creature the daughter of
Robert Briges being chrisf* by the midwife, was buried the
xith day of December."
Sometimes, however, the little ones then baptized lived
to mature age.
"1579 {Staplehurst, Kent), July 19. Marryed John Haffynden and
Creature Cheseman yong folke."

CHAPTER V
CHRISOM CHILDREN, FOUNDLINGS, ETC.
Chrisom children — Foundlings — The foundhngs of the Temple —
Nurse children — Confirmation — Churching — Bastards — ^Terms
for illegitimacy
REGISTER entries of the burial of " Chrisom Children "
are of fairly frequent occurrence throughout Eng
land during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,
and more rarely during the earlier part of the eighteenth
century. The chrisom was the white linen cloth or vesture placed
on the child at the time of baptism. In the mediaeval Church
of England, the priest anointed the child with the chrism
or holy oil, in the form of a cross, on the breast and between
the shoulders, and the idea of the chrisom cloth was to
protect the chrism marks and to preserve them from hasty
removal. The chrisom was worn as a vesture by the child
for seven days, or until the mother was able to be churched.
At the time of the churching, the chrisom was presented to
the church. The chrisoms were afterwards used by the
priests for ablutions and such-like purposes in the church.
If, however, the child died before the mother's churching, the
infant was termed a chrisom child, and was shrouded in the
white baptismal vesture, which was bound round the little
body with ornamental folds or strips of linen.
The anointing with chrism, unlike other incidentals of
mediaeval baptism, was not given up by the Church of
59

6o PARISH REGISTERS
England in her early reformed service, and the use of the
chrisom was also for a short time maintained. The following
is the pertinent passage as to the chrisom from the first
Prayer Book of Edward vr (1549): —
" Then the Godfathers and Godmothers shall take and lay their
hands upon the child, and the minister shall put upon him his white
vesture, commonly called a chrisom, and say, ' Take this white
vesture for a token of the innocency which by God's grace in
this holy sacrament of Baptism is given unto thee ; and for a sign
whereby thou art admonished, so long as thou livest, to give
thyself to innocency of living, that after this transitory life thou
mayest be partaker of the life everlasting. ' "
The use, however, of both chrism and chrisom was erased
from the second Prayer Book of 1552. Nevertheless, though
no longer enjoined, the use of the chrisom or special white
vestment lingered in certain .parishes for many a long year
after the disappearance ofthe word from the Book of Common
Prayer, together with its presentation at the time of churching.
Thus in the register book of Wickenby, Lincolnshire, is an
undated entry made early in the seventeenth century to the
following effect : —
"The chrysom and a gracepeny is always to be given at ye
woman's churching. The chrysom must be half a yard of fine Unnen
long and a full yard in width."
We have met with several late Elizabethan depositions,
both in Derbyshire and Somersetshire, wherein the actual
use of the chrisom at baptisms is named in manorial
inquisitions, godmothers testifying that they had carried the
chrisom to the font at the baptism of an heir, or had placed
it on the child. A survival of the custom may even yet be
noted in some quiet country churches, where the godmother
is wont to place a clean cambric handkerchief, generally a
new one, over the infant's face immediately after the actual
baptism, and whilst the rest of the office is proceeding.

CHRISOM CHILDREN, FOUNDLINGS 6i
The custom was so engraven upon English minds that
the application of the term chrisom child to those babes that
died in their innocency, and who were shrouded in their
chrisoms, was fairly general throughout the seventeenth
century. Two entries from the registers of St. Peter's,
Northampton, for the same year may serve as examples : —
" 1632. A crisom woman childe of Ann Nelson widow buryed the
xxx of March r632. A chrisom child of John Taylor was
buryed the vii of October.''
It was not necessary to be of legitimate birth to obtain
this title. Thus at Hinckley, Leicestershire, a few years
earlier, occurs this entry among the burials: —
" 1627. One Crysome, base, of Rebakca Dunning, March i6th."
The registers of St. Sepulchre's, Northampton, have an
unusual number of chrisom children burials. They occur
under the years 1622, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1637, 1643,
1644, 1646, 1659, 1663, 1664, 1665, 1667, 1668, 1680, 1684,
1687, and one at the exceptionally late date of 1716.
Like entries occur with unusual frequency in the registers
of Aldenham, Herts, during the second quarter of the
seventeenth century. There are two in 1637, four in 1642,
six in 1643, three in 1644, two in 1645, two in 1646, and four
in 1647 ; they are continued down to 1657.
Chrisom children occur in the parish register books of
almost the whole of the churches of the city of London
and of Westminster. One of the most interesting occurs
at Westminster Abbey: —
" The Princess Anns Child a Chrissome bur. in y' Vault, Oct. 22,
1687." Occcisionally the term chrisom or chrisom child was
lengthened into chrisomer. This is the case in the registers
of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate, where the terms "male

62 PARISH REGISTERS
chrisomer" and "female chrisomer" occasionally occur.
Chrisomer is also used with some frequency in the registers
of St. Columb Major's Cornwall, between the years 1603
and 161 8. The register of Boughton-under-Bleau, Kent,
for the year 1617, has the following entry: —
" The 6th day of March buried a Female Chrisamer, the
daughter of Thomas Pudall."
Though the term is oftener found in seventeenth-century
registers than in those of the sixteenth century, yet there are
exceptions. Thus there are three such entries in the register
of Kirkburton, Yorks, under the year 1568 : —
"The xxvj of November was Margere Kay buryyd. A Crysm
chyld. " The ix day of December was Jhon March buryyd. A Crysm
chyld. " The xxviij day of december was Eyllyn Lytyllwood buryed.
A Crysm child."
There are four like entries in these registers for the year
1569, two in 1570, three in 1571, and seven in 1572; they
are continued at intervals down to the year 17 10.
The following double entry as to twins, one of whom
was a chrisom child, which occurs in the register of
Broxley, Salop, for the year 1669, is sufficiently curious for
transcription : —
" April 2. Hugh twin son of Will'm Gough deceased and Eleanor
his relict :
" April 2. A chrisom son being the other twin of the s"" Will'm
Gough, deceased : "
A survival of the presentation of the chrisom to the parish
priest lingered for a long time in certain country parishes,
where it was customary for a woman at her churching to
make an offering of a white cambric handkerchief This is
stated to have been the use in the parish of Dutton, Essex

CHRISOM CHILDREN, FOUNDLINGS 63

in Morant's history of that county, which was published
in 1768.
Representations of chrisom children are not infrequent
on monumental brasses of the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries ; one occurs on an incised slab at Croxall, Derby
shire. The baptism, only too often followed by the speedy
burial of foundlings, is of
frequent occurrence in town
and suburban parishes, and
occasionally in country dis
tricts. The naming of the
deserted infant was left to
the vestry in towns, and to
the overseers of the poor
and churchwardens in the
country. It was usual to
give the name of the parish
as the surname, and of
the Saint whose day was
nearest to the discovery of
the child as the Christian
name. This is exemplified
by the two following entries
from the first register book
of St. Denis (or Dennis)
Backchurch in the City : —
" 1567, Dec 14. A chylde that
was found at the stran
gers dore in L}"mstrete
whych chylde was founde
on Saynt petter day, and founde of the p'ishe coste. Where
fore they named the chylde by the day that he was founde,
and surname by the p'ishe, so the chyldes name ys Petter
Dennis.

INCISED SLAB OF EDWARD MYSEE,
CROXAL.I,: A CHRISOM CHILD.

64 PARISH REGISTERS
" 1585, April 23. A man child was lead at Sir Edward Osboutne
gate and was christned the xxiii of Aprill named Dennis
Philpot, and so brought to Christes ospitall" [Philpot Lane
was a street in this parish].
The registers of another City church, St. Nicholas Aeon,
supply two interesting instances : —
" 1585, Nov. 5. A man child a foundhng named Nicholas Aeon
after our Parishe Church name, was laid in this p'ishe.
" 1618, Oct. 26. Elizabeth Aeon. This child was found in the
streete at one Mr. Wythers dore in St. Nicholas lane upon the
nynteenth of this presnt moneth of October being as it was
supposed some two monthes old but we not knowing whether
it was baptized before or no, baptized it by the name of Eliza
beth Aeon after the name of this p'she.''
The church of St. Dunstan West affords several curious
examples. A child found in 1 594 was baptized " Relictus
Dunstan"; a foundling of 1618 was named "Mary Porch,"
doubtless from the porch where it was discovered ; to
another foundling, buried on i6th January 1629-30, the
strange but not inappropriate name of " Subpoena " was
applied; whilst an infant found in Chancery Lane in 163 1
was styled " Elizabeth Middlesex."
The most marvellous surname bestowed on any City
foundling was that chronicled in the following entry in the
registers of St. Helen's, Bishopsgate, under the year 161 2 : —
" Job Rakt-out-of the Asshes, being borne the last of August
in the lane going to S'" John Spencer's back gate, and there laide
in a heape of old cole asshes, was baptized the First daye of
September following, and dyed the next day after."
The first register book of All Hallows-On-the-Wall sup
plies the following : —
" 1592. Benett Fincke being a man child of vj weekes old, being a
foundling, in the p'she of St. Benett Finckes, the xvjth daye of

CHRISOM CHILDREN, FOUNDLINGS 65
Septembre, and was brought to be nursed wth the good wyfe
HiU dwelling within the vyne on the wall : was buryed from
thence the xviijth of Septembre."
A quaint conceit gave the names of " ^loyses and i\aron"
to two male infants found in the street on 26th December
1629, as entered in the register of St. Gregory-by-St. Paul's.
Bum supplies the following from the Kensington registers
as to treasure-trove in that parish, but neglects to give the
year : —
" A woman child, of the age of one year and a half or there
abouts, being found in her swadlinge clothes, layed at the
Ladye Coopers gate, baptized by the name of Mary Troovie,
loth October."
The roisters of St. ilary Woolnoth's for the year 1699
give two instances descriptive of the clothing of foundlings : —
" March 28. Joseph, a male child, f old, with a Blew Tamarett coat
and English calico printed frock, was taken up at Mr. Man-
wood's door. [In margin] Sent for away by the mother
April 3.
" Sept. 28. Michael, a child taken up between Deputy Moor
and Mr. Mark Gilbert's house, with a striped white coate and
printed frock, put to Nurse Bramwood at WirehaU in Essex."
The following are a few of the entries of occasional
foundlings culled from various provincial registers; they
will suffice as examples, out of a large number of instances,
of the style of names usually bestowed upon these deserted
innocents : —
'¦ 1600 {Lee, Kent), Feb. i. Vicessimo quinto die mensis Januarii
infantula juxta viam communem relicta et inventa fuit, quae
(ignotis parentibus) primo die mensis Februarii in baptismo
nominata fiiit Fortime Founde.
" 1669 {Chipping, Lancashire). Moses a child foimd within the
forest of Bolland bap 28 March.
" 1674 {Great Hampden, Bucks). Mary Lane, a child that was

66 PARISH REGISTERS
found in the Lane by the street, whose father and mother we
know not, was baptized (being about eleven months old) the
23d of Sept.
" 1689 {Plympton, Devon). Charity that was found in the strate of
Plympton Morrish was baptized the 12th of Desember.
" 1 7 1 3 ( Thornton, Bucks). John reputed son of Catherine Cartwright
of Ockhamstead (found hanging in a basket on the gates which
open out of the great yard into the Highway) was baptized ye
4th of Oct.
"1732 ( Walesby, Notts). Ignotus a male child found in the Parish
of Palethorpe, bap. March 3r.''
The Foundlings of the Temple during the eighteenth
century were almost proverbially and scandalously numerous.
The coarser cynics of the times sharpened their wits on the
long-continued custom of abandoning these luckless infants
amid the intricacies of the Temple precincts. The following
is the first entry of a foundling baptism in the Temple
register : —
" EUenore Temple, being so named, found in the Middle Temple,
was baptized on the 7th June, 1700."
The last is : —
" Mary Temple, a foundling of the Middle Temple, supposed
to be now about ten months old, and on the 13th November,
1845, baptised."
The first entry of the burial of a foundling is : —
" Ann Temple, an infant, found in the Inner Temple, and buried
in the Temple Churchyard the 21st May, 1695."
The last is : —
" Charles Temple, a Foundling, was buried in the Churchyard on
the 2nd June, 1830, aged six."
In no other instance is the age of a Temple foundling
given, but a comparison of the baptismal and burial registers
shows that their life was usually very brief, often extend-

CHRISOM CHILDREN, FOUNDLINGS 67
ing over only a few days. There is one entry, under
26th August 1763, ofthe burial of a murdered foundling: —
" A male child found dead in King's Bench Walk, Inner Temple,
and according to the verdict of the Coroner's Inquest, murdered
by a Person or Persons unknown."
During the eighteenth century there are actually 240
foundling baptisms, and 170 foundling burials recorded in the
Temple registers. To almost the whole of these the name
Temple or Templer was assigned.
The lack of any form of legislative protection of infant
life caused the foundling scandals of London to be a
grievous blot on the social condition ofthe metropolis. Even
the establishment of the Foundling Hospital in 1739 did but
little for a long time to mitigate the prodigal sacrifice of
child life. It is stated that within four years of the
establishment of that hospital 14,934 infants were admitted,
and that out of that total not more than 4000 survived.
"Among the persons buried," writes 'Sir. Pegge in his
valuable transcript of the first register book of Chesham,
Bucks (i 538-1636), "a considerable number of 'nurse
children' from London are mentioned. This illustrates
a curious difference in the family relations of the time
from those which now prevail. Children received little
attention at home, and were generally sent away as soon as
possible to spend their early years elsewhere. Londoners
who could afford it put them out at nurse with people in the
country, ostensibly for the sake of the benefit supposed to be
derivable from country air. But that so many of these
children should die away from their parents and be buried
unnamed affords ground for conjecture as to the real
motives which prompted the sending of them to a place so
far from London and so out of the way as Chesham was ;
and it does not require a very imaginative mind to read

68 PARISH REGISTERS
an occasional tragedy between the lines of these simple
entries." The burial of a nurse child is first entered in 1575, and from
that year up to 1635 there are forty-five cases of such burials.
Of the large majority, it is specified that the child came from
London. Sometimes no name of any kind is given to the
child, only the name of the Chesham woman who had the
infant in charge. Usually the name of the London father
or mother is given, but only in one single instance (namely,
Henry, son of George and Mary Linford, of Hornsey, buried
in 1600) are the names of both parents supplied. Mr. Pegge's
surmises as to these nurse children are far too charitable ; the
probabilities are strong that in almost every instance these
infants were born out of wedlock, and the supposed care of
them would be now termed " baby-farming."
The mention of the burial of these nurse children is fairly
common in the registers of the Home Counties or of other
shires within reasonable distance of London, and occasionally
near other large towns such as Bristol and Norwich. With
out making any special search, we have incidentally noticed
them in the registers of twenty-seven separate parishes.
Several seventeenth century instances occur in the records of
.(Mdenham, Herts, Stoke Pogis, Bucks, and Orpington, Kent.
The following explicit instances of the latter part of
Elizabeth's reign are taken from the registers of Mitcham,
Surrey : —
"1589. Paul Toobast a fleminge sonne being a Norschilde from
Loundoun bur. April 21.
" 1590. Mary the dau. of John Water a Norsechilde of Loundoun
being drewes norsery bur. Jun. 12.
" 1590. Elizabeth Beresley a Nurschild of Londoun her father being
a Joyner borne in St. Olife's parishe, bur. Nov. 13.
" 1591. Mary Porter a Norschild of Loundoun being a habbardasher
daughter, bur. March 19.
" 1591. William son of John Piatt of Barmondsy Streete being a

CHRISOM CHILDREN, FOUNDLINGS 69
Norschilde of Loundoun with 'Sh. Frances tenannt beyound the
River, bur. Apil 2."
Lewisham, Kent, with its township of Sydenham (usually
spelt " Sipenham " or " Syppenham "), seems to have been a
favourite resort of these baby-farmers on the fringe of
London. They are first mentioned in these registers in
1576, and are of frequent occurrence between 1690 and
1703- The name given at Holy Baptism has ahvajs been re
garded by the Church as indelible, save for one exception.
The Western Church from an early date reserved to itself
the power of altering the baptismal name at the time
of confirmation. Thus Charles IX of France only assumed
that name at confirmation, having been baptized ^Maximilian.
The like transformation was effected in the cases of two of this
king's brothers, Edward - Alexander and Hercules being
respectively changed at confirmation to Henry and Francis.
After the Reformation, it was a disputed point whether the
civil law of England would recognise a revised confirmation
name. Serjeant Thomas Gawdy, who lived in Elizabeth's
reign, had two sons, both of whom had been baptized Thomas.
To avoid confusion, the younger brother's name was changed
at confirmation to Francis. Both of them went to the bar,
and both rose to be judges. The younger brother died in
1606 as Chief Justice of Common Pleas, but he did not
venture to use the name of Francis in purchases and grants
until the advice of all the judges had been taken that it
could be safely done.
The registers of Holme Hale, Norfolk, lurnish an instance
of a change of name being duly entered when Queen Mary
was on the throne : —
" 1554. Deci'o nono die Novembris. Baptizat' filius Richi Loruigton
et Cecilie consor* sue et no'iat' Samuell et mutat' nomen ejus
ad confirmacionem et noiat' Willmus."

70 PARISH REGISTERS
A learned canon of the Church of England, who has
taken a considerable share in a recent church history in
several volumes, has made the strange blunder of stating
that English mediaeval bishops must have much neglected
the rite of confirmation because there is hardly ever any
reference to this sacrament in the extant episcopal registers !
If there is anything substantial in so flimsy an argument, it
certainly follows that the post-Reformation bishops were
equally guilty of this grave lapse, for not only are their
registers equally silent, but it is most exceptional to find any
reference to confirmation in the parochial registers. Five
such instances are given.
At the end of the first register book of Pakenham,
Suffolk, is the following entry : —
" The names of those Children within ye Parrish of Pakenham,
which were confirmed in Church of Tostock by the Reverend father
in God Matthewe Ld: Bishop of Norwich, September 21. Ao dni
1636."
The names appended are Samuel Cross and seven other
boys. The registers of Bamburgh, Northumberland, supply a
list of those confirmed in that church by Lord Crewe on 22nd
July 1676, namely, 11 males and 3 females. On that
occasion the following extraordinary entry was made in the
registers : —
" Mem : y' ye most Rev'end father in God did honour Tho.
Davison then presbyter of Bamb' with his attendance and accept
ance of a glass of sack, sydar, and March beer in honorem parochiae
dictae." A most monstrous mixture of liquors 1
•' 1693 {Tideswell, Derbyshire). The fourth day of July, the Reverend
Father in God WiUiam Floyd, Lord Bishop of Lichfield and
Coventry, came to Tideswell church about 11 o'clock, and

CHRISOM CHILDREN, FOUNDLINGS 71
preached, and after Sermon did confirm four hundred and
ninety and five persones."
A memorandum in the Basingstoke registers records
that on 26th September 1732 the Bishop of Winchester
confirmed 319 persons at the parish church. The Tarrant
Hinton, Dorset, registers for 1809 contain a note of
"Bishop's Visitation Sep. i. Elizabeth Frances and Leonora
Diggle confirmed."
A ridiculous and vulgar instance of the abandonment of
a long-held baptismal name, on the specious authority of the
King's sign-manual, is recorded by Mr. Chester Waters : Sir
Onesiphorus Paul, Bart., changed his name to George in
1780, when he was pricked as high sheriff of Gloucestershire.
If the absence of allusions to confirmation is to be taken
as a proof of the neglect of that ordinance, still more so is
this the case with regard to the Purification of women after
childbirth. The register references to Churchings are most
scarce. Here are two of Elizabethan date from the first
register book of Kirkburton, Yorks : —
" 1567, 30 Sept. Rychard Wrygth howyth my Mr. for churchying
of y'' wyf
" 1567, 26 Oct. Rychard Crosland hath payd for churchying of hys
wyffe.
"1585. Hursselle Houssie daughter unto Hurselle Houssie was
baptysed the vjth daye of Augusta. Al the churchying they
dyd put in this name Hursselle Houssie alias Houghesonne."
Burn mentions that at one period Churchings were entered
in the register of Staplehurst, Kent ; he gives the following
extract, but omits to supply the date : —
"The xii day of May was churched Wyllyam Bassoke's' Wyffe
and Willyam Poller's Wyffe."
Entries of illegitimate birth are for the most part sadly
frequent.

72 PARISH REGISTERS
The register book of Bramfield, Suffolk, which be
gins in 1539, has a summary of the parish baptisms at
the end of each year up to 1558, in which cases of
bastardy are specially mentioned. At the end of 1539 is
entered : —
" The holie yeare Christened xiiij Children, whereoff Men
Children xj, whereof Bastards ii. Women Children iij."
Theother instances of bastards were, 1540, three; 1544,
one; 1548, one; 1549, one; 1550, one; 1555, one; 1556,
one; and 1557, one.
As a rule, registers bear witness to a growth in the
number of illegitimate births as time went on. This is
shown after a striking fashion by a table based on the
registers of Letheringham, Suffolk : —

1588 to i6co .

none

1601 to 1650 .

I :

proportion per births,

I in

144

1651 to 1700 .

I

51 )»

I in

74

1701 to 1750 .

3

. )J JJ

I in

33

1751 to 1800 .

7

3J >)

I in

21

1801 to 1812 .

3

)) ))

I in

10

Not a few registrars, in making entries ofthe baptisms of
illegitimate children, set at naught the order in such cases
of the Roman Church — Omnis tamen inf amice vitetur
occasio. It is certainly more seemly to have such entries made
in Latin. In the first register book of Mitcham, Surrey,
where the following Elizabethan baptismal entries are to be
found, the Latin and the vulgar tongue are promiscuously
used : —
" 1568. Edwardus filius populi sed mater erat Anna Moris bapt 18
die Janarii.
"1575. Johes filius nescio cujus sed mater erat Johanna Wagstaffe
meretrix bapt. 30 die Januarii.

CHRISOM CHILDREN, FOUNDLINGS 7^^
"1586-7. WilUam ^Miite his father unknowen, bapt March r
Anni d. of Martha Hedge the father unknowen, bapt
March r8.
" 1588. Isabella filia nescio cujus sed mater erat meretrix, qua et
reliquet eam cum Jasper Dob, bapt 13 Januari.
'• r592. Annis Parker, the daughter supposed of Thomas Parker, of
Mordoun, beinge lefte in the Churche portch hy that harlot her
mother, bur. Dec. 18.
"1599. Johannes filius popuU sed mater erat communis meretrix
serva Johannes Clay de HoUens bapt. 6 April."
The following chronologically arranged entries are taken
from registers in every part of England : —
" 1550 (¦^'- George Tombland, Norwich). Mai^areta filia cujusdam
Elizabeth ex fomicatione nata, dedmo octavo die augusti,
1550, batizat' fiiit.
" 1553 {North Elmham, Norfolk). John Curbye, home in bast:, ye
sone of Margaret Curbye, Synglewoman and b^ote by one
Thomas Wardy Syngleman, as it is seyd, whom he hath
p'mysed to marye, and was Chrystened ye xjth day of Maye,
w'ch was Thursdaye.
" 1560 {Chesham, Bucks). Bridget and Elizabeth the daughters of
Adultery bapt Jan'' 1560.
"1560 {Chesterfield). Rian, the mother's name Ashe, a bastar^
gotten in London, bapt xiij March.
¦¦ 1571 {Idem). Alicia Charles et Margreta Charles, filix Luca Charles
de Newbold, bastardes, bapt. fuere xxij July. Stephen Lu
father as she sayth.
"1583 {Rochdale), Dec. 15, bur. Jacobus filius Jacobi Eam-
shawe et Alice Hallowes boothe of Yorkeshjnre and the sayde
Alice did lye in the house of ux' of James Collinge in
Buttworth the woman hath done her penance.
" 1591 {Aston-by-Birmingham). A bastard out of Yardington was
baptized 12 May, a travellinge woman brought a bedd in
the streete. Hard harted people.
" T594 {Barnstaple, Devon). Rycharde, base son of Jerymie
Payment, baptized 16 Aug. Fond uponne Island of Loundye,
being aged i^ years when baptized.
"1597 {Mansfield, Notts), March 26. Elizabeth, bast, bom
child of Ehz. Stones, whose reputed father is Martin

74 PARISH REGISTERS
Bridghouse, was, by the toUerance of the Vicare of Munsfield,
baptized at Plesley.
"1602 {Broseley, Salop), July 18. Alicia fil, Izabelle Nocke et
Johi's Berick putavi patris : bap.
"1613 {Ibid.), Nov. 14. Thomas Croyden fil. Alicie Croyden et
Ludovici Poell, ut dicitur : bap.
" 1606 ( Wigan). William the sonne of one Gould borne by
channce, bap. 20 Maye.
" 1616 {Harrow-on-the-HilV), May the 4th, was baptized Lucretia
Wilblud of Sudbery sojourner at lies, one William Wilblud
was with me acknowledging hymselfe to be the father, he sent
xx^ to be given to AUce Bateman the mother.
" 1625 {Adel, Yorks), July 3. Grace, a base child, nominated by
the mother to be the doughter of Expofer Kirke, of the
Brecke.
"1633 {Petersham, Surrey). Nicolas, the sonne of Rebecca Cock,
filius populi, bapt. 28 Jan.
" 1658 {Morden, Surrey). Peter, the unlawfully begotten Son of
Ann Major, bap. Jan. 6.
" 1662 {Forcett, Yorks). Anne supposed daughter of Sir Jeremiah
Smithson, fathered y° said Jeremiah in the church, bap.
9 April.
" 1 7 1 7 {Ramsden Bellhouse, Essex). Diana daur of John BiUy
and Diana Waker, proles spuria, bap. Jan. 13.
"1732 {Neentone, Salop), April 11. Brazener Margaret Barret
bur. Supposed to be the Bastard child of one Sarah Barret,
a servant at Boreton in the p. of Much Wenlock, and to be
born at one Brazeners of Cressidge in the p. of Cond but
left by night in the Beast-house of John Wall of this p.,
about sixteen months before its death : the s"* Sarah Barret
having liv'd in service some years before in this p. Tho. Nash,
Curat.
"1743 {St. Pancras, London). William, Son of Lord Talbot, per
Dutchess of Beaufort, ut asseritur, born November i, 1743,
bap. Mar. 24, 1743-4."
The commonest register term to denote illegitimate
birth is "base-born"; but the variants of this unhappy
nomenclature are exceedingly numerous. A selection is
appended : —

CHRISOM CHILDREN, FOUNDLINGS 75

1554

St. Martin's, Birmingham

Filia popuU (a common form)

1560

Cheshunt, Bucks

The Son of the People

1564

Chelsea

Filius meretricis

1569

Croydon

Filius vulgi

1579

Wimbledon

The Daughter of an Harlott

1580

Stepney

Begotten in adultery

1582

Croydon

Filius teiraj

1583

Heme, Kent

Filia fomicatoris

1590

Twickenham

A scape begotten child

1595

Eckington, Derby

Ye daughter of noe certain man

1603

Isleworth

FUia uniuscujusque

1608

Ulcombe, Kent

Filius scorti

r62o

Minster, Kent

Filia adulterina

1652

Marden, Surrey

Begotten in fornication

1676

Wilby, Northants

One of y= children of y' people

1683

All Saints, Newcastle

Lanebegot

1685

Lambeth

A merry begot

1688

Do.

A byeblow

CHAPTER VI
MARRIAGES
Terms of entry — Marriageable age — Hours of marriage — For
bidden seasons — Marriage by banns — Forbidding of banns —
Marriage by Ucence — Marriage of the defective — Marriage
in smock — Marriage of bishops — Commonwealth marriages
— Conviviality — Exceptional entries — Act of 1753 — Clan
destine marriages and lawless churches — Fleet Street and
London — Dale Abbey — Peak Forest
MARRIAGES are as a rule found to be entered in our
parish registers with greater care and regularity
than either baptisms or burials. This doubtless
arose from the obvious importance to persons of all ranks
of possessing a faithful record of their union, both for their
own sake and as a legal proof of their children's legitimacy.
The terms of the marriagev entry were usually very simple,
recording the fact that the contracting couple were
" married " on such a date, the word being occasionally
changed to " wedded," or " coupled together in matrimony."
Most, however, of the registers of the sixteenth and early
seventeenth registers are in Latin, and that tongue affords
greater variety in the expression of the matrimonial union.
Nupti erant is the commonest phrase ; among other variants
may be noted copulati sunt in matrimonio (Croydon), con-
traxerunt matrimonium (Heston), conjuncti fue7'e (Debtling),
mariti fuerunt (Wilton), alligati fuerunt (Great Wigston), and
connubio juncti erant (Bobbin).
The age of consent for espousals, in the mediaeval Church,
76

MARRIAGES -j-j
was seven years, at which the infancy of both sexes was
supposed to end. The canonical age for the completion
of the contract or actual marriage has long been laid
down as twelve in the woman and fourteen in the man.
Consent given by males and females of these respec
tive ages was held to be valid up to the passing of the
Marriage Act of 21 Geo. II, c. 33. By this Act the legal
age of consent was fixed at twenty-one for each sex, but
with the consent of parents or guardians the much earlier
ages remained valid.
It is exceedingly rare to find the ages of the contracting
parties set forth in the old registers. An Elizabethan
exception occurs in the first register book of Burnley,
Lancashire, under the year 1582 : —
" Edmunde Tattersall of ye age of xiij yeares and Lettice
Hargreves of thage of xv° yeares mar'' 14 May."
For such a marriage, in the case of the boy, a dispensa
tion or licence must have been obtained from the bishop or
his official.Exceptional cases of marriage at an early age can
sometimes be detected by careful examination of the
registers, as is the case in the following entry of the boy-
and-girl union of two important local families, probably
for estate reasons : —
"1611-12 {Middleton, Lancashire). Edmund Hopwoode gent and
Dorothie Assheton were maried uppon Sundaye the seconde
daye of Februarie in thaffore noone in the tyme of Divine
service by me John Walkden Curate of Middleton with the
Consente of bothe their parents accordinge to Lawe and
theffect of a licence granted from Chester dated the first daye
of thabove named monithe of Feb. ano 1611."
Previous entries in the Middleton register show that
both groom and bride were but- fourteen years of age. The

78 PARISH REGISTERS
bride lived until 1641, but the groom died within four days
of the wedding, apparently from some virulent disorder, as
is shown in the burial register : —
"1611-12. Edmunde Hopwoode, of Hopwoode Esquire, deceased
the sixte daye of Februarie about Eleven of the Clocke before
noone And was buried Att Middleton before tenne of the
Clocke in the nighte of the same daye."
Various early canons provided, in order to secure due
publicity, that marriage should only be celebrated at
seasonable hours. As the nuptial Mass formed part of the
ceremonial, it could not take place save in the forenoon.
The register of Soberton, Hants, has several entries
about the year 1580 of marriages "at iiij y* cloke in ye
morning," and one of " an oure before day breke by licence
fro the chancelur."
Canon Ixxii of 1603 ordered that no minister, under
pain of suspension for three years, " shall join any person in
marriage at any unseasonable times, but only between the
hours of eight and twelve in the forenoon." ^
The Commonwealth Directory of Public Worship merely
named that the marriage was to be "at some convenient
houre of the day." In the case of the following marriage,
darkness was probably chosen because of its illicit character : —
"1659 {Great Staughton, Hunts). Lucy Cosen, widdow, was married
to Jn Cosen (brother of her former husband) the 15 th day of
December at St. Neots, by the Mynister of the Towne, and at
seaven of the clocke in the nighte."
As early as the fourth century, the Council of Laodicea
{c. 365) forbade the celebration of marriages during Lent.
Ere long the seasons of canonical limitation were extended.
According to the rubrics of the Sarum manual and
missal, the prohibited seasons in England were from Advent
^ The new canons of iS88 extended the hours to three in the afternoon.

MARRIAGES 79
to the octave of Epiphany, from Septuagesima to the octave
of Easter, and from the Sunday before the Ascension to
the octave of Pentecost. The close time was restricted to
Advent and Lent by the Council of Trent, but for some
time after the Reformation the Church of England adhered
to the three periods prohibited by the use of Sarum. An
entry of the forbidden times was not infrequently made in
the parish registers.
In the first register book of Cottenham, Cambs, which
begins in 1 572, is this Latin triplet : —
" Conjugium Adventus prohibet, Hilarius relaxat,
Septuagena vetat, sed paschte octava remittit,
Rogamen vetitat, concedit Trina potestas."
The like occurs in Latin in slightly altered phraseology
in two or three other places, as at Dymchurch, where it is
dated 1630.
The four-lined form in the register of Lamport, Northants,
under the year 1628, runs thus : —
" Regula quee matrimonium inhibet
Conjugium adventus vetat Hillariusque relaxat
Septuagena ligat sohntque octavia Paschce
Rogamen prohibet, Liberavit Trina Potestas."
On the last page of the first register book of Dunster,
Somerset, which begins in 1559, is a somewhat confused
Latin entry : —
" De temporib' in quid' non licet matrimonia solemnizare.
" Solemnitas nuptiamm facienda non est Septuagesimo in Octava
Pasche, et prius die rogatione in mane clauditur Ula SoUemnitas
et Durat xhibitio ad octaviam diem post Pentecosten inclusionem, et
prima Die Domminicae Adventus usque ad Epiphaniam non Debent
nuptua CeUbrari. • "Tho. Smith"
A mingled Latin and English version of the forbidden

8o PARISH REGISTERS
times is set forth in the register book of Horton, Dorset,
under the year 1629. The Latin begins : —
" Conjugium Adventus tollit, Hillarius relaxat."
The English version is particularly explicit : —
" I. From y" Sounday moneth before Christmas
till y" 7 day after twelf day.
2. From y° Sounday fortnight before Shravetyde
till y° Sounday after Est' weake.
3. From y° rogation Sounday till 7 dayes after
whit Sounday, and y° 7 last days are in
cluded in y° prohibition."
In certain instances these forbidden seasons appear in
English rhymes. At the beginning of the old register book
of St. Mary's, Beverley, are the following rhymes : —
" Rules for Marriage, the Time
" When Advent comes do thou refraine
till HiUary sett y" free againe ;
next Septuagesima saith the nay ;
but when Lowe Sunday comes thou may;
yet at Rogation thou must tarrie
till Trinitie shall bid the mary. "Nov. 25, 1641"
A somewhat later variant occurs in the register of
Everton, Notts, where the lines run : —
" Advent marriage doth deny
But Hilary gives thee liberty.
Septuagesima says thee nay.
Eight days from Easter says you may.
Rogation bids thee to contain
But Trinity sets thee free again."
Archdeacon Cosin, in his Visitation Articles of 1627,
inquired : — ¦
"Whether hath your minister or curate . . . solemnized Matri-

MARRIAGES 8i
monie ... in any time prohibited (that is to say) in Advent, Lent,
and in the Rogations without a license first obteyned from the
Archbishop or his ChanceUour."
In the Durham Prayer Book, Cosin added in manuscript
to the Table of the Vigils, etc. : —
" By the ecclesiastical laws of this Realm, there be some times
in the year wherein Marriages are not usually solemnized, viz. —
/"Advent 1 q d {^ ^7^ ^^^^ Epiphany
from -! Septuagesima i' r'l | ^ *^y^ after Easter
I Rogation J I Trinity Sunday."
This brief table is exactly copied in the register book
of Wimbish, Essex, under the year 1666.
The register of the parish church of Lindisfarne contains
the following prose version entered as late as 1660 : —
"Tymes prohibiting marriage. Marriage comes on y'' r3 day
of January, and by Septuagesima Sunday it is out again until Low
Sunday, at which tyme it comes in again and goes no mor out tUl
Rogation Sunday, from whence it is forbidden again untill Trinitie
Sunday ; from thence it is unforbidden till Advent Sunday, but
then it goes out and comes not in again untill y' 13 day of January
next after."
Almanacks and calendars ofthe seventeenth and occasion
ally of the eighteenth century gave tables of the forbidden
times for the current year. Thus an almanack called Galen,
for 1642, has the following: —
" Times prohibiting Marriage this y eer
From the 27 of November till January 13.
From Februarie 6 untill April 18.
From May 16 untill June 5.''
A careful comparison of a large number of marriage
registers up and down the country enables us to say that
the ancient discipline of the Church of England with regard
to the three periods was widely observed throughout the
6

82 PARISH REGISTERS
whole of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Thus the
registers of Letheringham, Suffolk, which begin in 1580,
contain only three marriage entries during March (the centre
of Lent) for the term of 182 years.
On 8th February 1600 occurs the following remarkable
marriage entry in the registers of Chislehurst, Kent : —
" George Ralins et Susan Switzer sine solemnitate omni propter
diem hunc septuagessimae.''
The Twickenham registers for 1665 afford an instance
of marriage by particular licence during the third period,
which was as a season unforbidden throughout Western
Christendom save in England : —
"Christoper MitcheU and Anne Colett married 4 June, by
permission of Sir Richard Chaworth, it being within the octaves of
Pentecost." The term Banns is a Saxon word signifying a proclama
tion. It was laid down in the Church of England as early as
1200 that no marriage was to be contracted "without banns
thrice published in the church" (Hubert Walter's Canons
at Westminster, 'Ho. 11). The constitutions of Archbishop
Reynolds, in 1322, provided that these three public banns
were to be published " on three Lord's days or festivals
distant from each other.''
Marriage Banns were from time to time forbidden in
past days as well as at the present time. The record of
such an occurrence was occasionally entered in the register
among the marriages. From several entries of this character,
the three following, one from each century, have been
selected : —
"1570 {Bramfield, Suffolk). M^y'the banes of Rychard WappoU
and Rose Simson was puplished the vj day of August and' so
was Asked ij Severall Sondays and y= last Sonday beyng y"

MARRIAGES 83
xiij day of y* sam month did Thomas Neve forbid it no cause
y' he could lay against him but he sayd whan I am ordenary
I shuld know.
" 1 68 1 -2 {Abington, N'hants), Feb. 9. Henry Mason of Greens
Norton and Mary Osborn were married by license. A shabby
fellow came in and forbid the marriage, but wold neither tell
his name nor shew any Reason thereof I required Bond of
him and securities on a sufficient caution that he would try
the suite, but he ran away to 'Six. Newmans the Aleman. I
sent the clerk and Mr. Henry Osborne of Northton to the
Alehouse to demand of him the reason of this act of his and
to demand bond and securitie of him for trying the cause.
He refused. Mr. Henry Osborne of Northton, !Mason entered
into bond of 40' to keepe mee harmlesse. The bond hangs
ujMn the file in my studie.
" 1732 {Mertsham, Surrey). Married Joseph Benge and Betty Liew,
Nov. 14. It is to be remembered that the Bans were
pubUcly forbid in the Church by — Morphew spinster of this
parish but upon her being then pubUcly told from the Desk
how she must proceed according to the Rubrick, she was
advised it seems by some to take another method to hinder
this man's marriage and prove herself with child by him
befor Justice Payton tho' in the end it appeared she was
not."
A marriage could be legally solemnised without banns,
by virtue of a licence granted either by the bishop or
ordinary, or by the special licence of the Archbishop of
Canterbury. The power of episcopal dispensing with banns
was of ancient use, and is at least as old as the Constitu
tions of Archbishop Mepham in 1328. The subject of
marriage licences was dealt with in detail in 1603 by
Canons ci-civ.
Three examples of register entries making definite
mention of the licence are here set forth ; they are selected,
almost at haphazard, from a considerable number : —
"1570 {Bobbingworth, Essex). M"* that Robert Younger principall
of David's Inne in Holburne without London and Elizabeth

84 PARISH REGISTERS
Brooke daughter of Robert Brooke were maryed together in
Bobingworth Church the 13th day of Aprill accordinge his
Lycense graunted therein.
"1618 {St. Margaret's, Canterbury), Jnnii g°. Thomas Grenefeild
And Margery Stace Wyddow were publiklye maryed in the
p'she Church of St. Margaret in the Cittye of Cant: the
nynth daye of June by virtue of a lycence under the scale of
office of the Right Wor : James Hussey doctor of the law and
Commissarye gen'all for the dyocese of Cant.
"163 1 {Bekesbourne, Kent). Richard Epps and Ann Pye were
married the 23th of June an° predict, by Mr. Arch-Deacon's
license."
Registers occasionally bear witness to unusual marriages
wherein one of the contracting parties is defective or
deformed. A marriage at St. Martin's, Leicester, in 1576,
wherein the man was deaf and dumb gave rise to a long
entry : —
"Feb. 15. Thomas Tilsye and Ursula Russel were maryed;
and because the sayde Thomas was and is naturally deafe, and
also dumbe, so that the order of the form of marriage used
usually amongst others, which can heare and speake, could not
for his parte be observed. After the approbation had from
Thomas, the Bishoppe of Lincolne, John Chippendale, doctor
in law, and commissarye, as also of Mr. Richd. Davye, then
Mayor of the town of Leicester, with others of his brethren,
with the rest of the parishe, the said Thomas, for the
expressing of his mind instead of words, of his own accord used
these signs : first, he embraced her with his arms, and took her
by the hand, putt a ring upon her finger, and layde his hande
upon his hearte, and then upon her hearte, and held up his
halndes toward heaven. And to show his continuance to
dwell with her to his lyves ende, he did it by closing of his
eyes with his handes, and digginge out of the earth with his
foote, and puUinge as though he would ring a bell, with diverse
other signes."
An equally long entry of the year 1618 occurs in the
registers of St. Botolph's, Aldgate, when Thomas Speller, a

MARRIAGES 85
deaf and dumb smith of Hatfield Broadoak, Essex, was
married to Sarah Earle by licence granted by Dr. Edwarde,
Chancellor of the diocese of London. The bridegroom
appeared
" taking the Book of Common Prayer and his license in one hand
and his bride in the other . . . and made the best signs he could
to show that he was wiUing to be married."
The minister appears to have been nervous about the
marriage, and required to be assured by the Lord
Chief Justice of the King's Bench as to its lawfulness. He
does not seem to have known of any precedent, and the
entry concludes : —
" This marriage is set down at large because we never had the like
before." At a much later date, namely on 5 th November 1832,
there is a record at St. James's, Bury St Edmunds, of
the overcoming of a yet more serious impediment to the
accustomed ceremonial of marriage : —
"Christopher Newsam married Charity MorreU. Charity
Morrell being entirely without arms, the ring was placed upon the
fourth toe of the left foot, and she wrote her name in this register
with her right foot."
There must have been some special infirmity to cause
the following entry in the registers of Sunbury, Middlesex,
under 7th February 1663 : —
" Samuel Turner and Margaret Shase, widow, was married sitting
in a cheare, in her house."
There was an old vulgar error, which lasted for several
centuries, to the effect that a man was not liable for his
bride's debts provided that he married her in no other
apparel than her smock or shift. The strangest thing about

86 PARISH REGISTERS
this odious custom is that any priest or minister could be
found to administer the sacred rite with the woman in such
a guise.
"1547 {Much Wenlock), Aug. 4. Here was wedded early in
the morning Thomas Munslow, smith, and AUce Nycols, which
wedded to him in her smock and bareheaded.
"1714 {Chitterne All Saints', Wilts). John Bridmore and Anne
Selwood were married, Oct. 17.' The aforesaid Anne Selwood
was married in her smock, without any clothes or headgier on.
" 1774 {Saddleworth, Yorks). Abraham Brookes, Clother, and Mary
Bradley, of Ashton parish, Widow. By Banns 3 Feby, by
Samuel Stones, Curate."
With reference to this last marriage, a passage occurs in
Prescott's Journal, under date February 1 2th, 1 774 : —
" On Tuesday sen'night was married at the Parochial Chapel of
Saddleworth, Abraham Brooks, a Widower, of about 30 years of
age, to Mary Bradley, a Widow of near 70, but as the Bride was
a little in Debt the Bridegroom obliged her to be married in her
shift, and the weather being very severe threw her into such a violent
fit of shaking as induced the compassionate minister to cover her
with his coat whilst the marriage was solemnised."
The marriage of priests, after so many centuries of
celibacy, as recorded in several registers of the time of
Edward VI, must have caused considerable astonishment
and resentment among the adherents of the unreformed
faith. There must have been still greater surprise for them
in the marriage of bishops. Here are two of the earliest of
those episcopal entries, the one in Latin and the other in
EngHsh : —
"1551 {Croydon), Oct. 23. Reverendus Pater Johannes Episcopus
Wynton duxit Mariam Raymond generosam in ista ecclesia
coram multitudine parochianorum presente Reverendissemo
patre Thoma Cantuar. Archiepo cum multis.
" 1 560-1 {St Dennis, Backchurch), Jan 21. Edmond Scamlare,
byshoppe of peterborowe and Julyan Franncys were married."

MARRIAGES 87
The former of these marriages cost the bishop his all, for
Dr. Poynet was on that account deposed from the bishopric
of Winchester on the accession of Queen Mary ; he died in
exile at Strasburg in 1556.
As examples of the form of record generally adopted for
marriages under the 1653 Act, these two consecutive entries
of 1654-5 from the register book of Marshfield, Gloucester
shire, will suffice ; in the one case the banns were published
in the market-place, and in the other in the church.
" The twelth day of Februarie in the yeare abovesaid Stephen
Browne and Jeane Simmons both of WesterUegh in the County of
Glouc. being Three severall markett daies pubUshed in the Markett
place between the hours of Eleavn of the clocke and Two of the
clocke according to the Act and noe objection made to the contrary
were married before John Gostlett Esq', Justice of the peace.
" The six and twentieth day of Februarie in the yeare abovesaide
Robert Fry and Ellinor Barton both of the p'ish of Dynham being
three severall Lords Daies published in the p'she Church of
Dynham aforesaid and noe contradicion to the contrary were
married at Marshfield in the County of Glouc. before John Gostlett
Esq' Justice of the peace."
The entries of this period rarely omit the name of the
Justice of the Peace before whom the civil contract was
made; but this was now and again done for the sake of
brevity : —
"1657 {Leek, Staffs). Ralph Lera of Consal and a daughter of Hugh
and Margaret Fynny were published three times at our
Market Cross, and married April 22."
The full entry in the register of St Martin's-in-the-Fields,
of the civil marriage of Frances, the Protector's daughter, on
November 11, 1657, is worth citing. It will be noted that
both " Martin " and " Andrew " are childishly bereft of the
saintly prefix which they had borne uninterruptedly for so
many centuries.
Still greater brevity characterised a few of the Common-

88 PARISH REGISTERS
wealth marriage entries, as was the case at Staines,
Middlesex.

/(>>

4-

FACSIMILE OF COMMONWEALTH MARRIAGE ENTRIES :
STAINES, MIDDLESEX.

MARRIAGES 89
" These are to certifie whom it may conceme, that according to a
late Act of ParUament, entytuled an Act touching Marriages, and
the roistering thereof, etc., publication was made in the publique
meeting place, in the Parish Church of the Parish of Martins in the
Fields in the county of Middlesex, upon three several Lord's Days,
at the close of the morning exercise, namely, upwn the xxv. day of
October ^MDCLVIL, as also upon the i. and viiL of November follow
ing, of a marriage agreed upon between the Honorable Robert Rich
Andrew's Holbom, and the Right Honorable the Lady Frances of
Cromwell, of Martins in the Fields, in the county of INIiddlesex.
All which was fuUy performed according to the Act without
exception. " In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand the ix. day of
November, MDCLVII. " WiLLLVM Williams "
Then follows, in the hand of Henry Scobell, the clerk of
the Parliaments, and a Justice for Westminster : —
" Married, xi. Novemb., MDCLVII, in the presence of His High
ness the Lord Protector, the Right Honble. the Earls of Warwick and
Newport, Robert Lord Rich, the Lord Strickland, and many
others." An amusing account of the merriment that followed on
this marriage has recently been printed in a contemporar)"^
letter from the historian Dugdale by the Historical Manu
script Commissioners : —
" 1657, Nov. r4. On Wednesday last was my Lord Protector's
daughter married to the Earl of Warwick's grandson ; Mr. Scobell,
as a Justice of the peace, tyed the knot after a godly prayer made
by one of His Highnesses divines ; and on the Thursday was the
wedding feast kept at Whitehall, where they had 48 violins and 50
trampets, and much mirth with froUcs, besides mixt dancing (a
thing heretofore accounted profane) till 5 of the clock yesterday
morning. Amongst the dancers there was the Earl of Newport,
who danced with her Highness."
Conviviality has been the usual accompaniment of
weddings from scriptural days downwards, but it is very

90 PARISH REGISTERS
rare to find any entry of such mundane matters in parish
registers. Here, however, is a dog Latin entry as to village
festivities on such an occasion, in a Norfolk parish, at a much
earlier date than the Commonwealth: —
"1606 {Beeston, near Mileham). Willmus Balye et Suzanna Byrch
nupti fuerunt ultimo die Julii. Celeberimus autem istorum
nuptiaUs dies habitus est apud domum cujusdem Hilarii Balye
(tarn ipsius Willmi tam ipsius Margarete amicissimi avunculi)
die Jovis anno et tempore superdictis maxime tam cognatorum
tam amicoroum, cum concorsisque oppidinorum multitudine
multisque aliis ad idem conviviam tunc temporis (ipsiusque
Hillarii solummodo expensis) congregatis ad numeram ut visum
est 300 aut circiter populorum, sive ut dictum est sexaginta
meases."
The following are a few of the somewhat noteworthy
marriage entries, selected from a large number of excerpts ;
they do not call for any explanatory comment : —
" 1540 {Sandbeach, Cambs), 27 Nov. John Clarke and Mary Pearson
were coupled together in matrimony.
" 1560(5/. Bridgets, Chester). Will'" Washington wedded 5 Feb. [no
bride mentioned 1].
"1588 {St. Botolph's, Aldgate). Michael Didyer, a stranger, born at
Marseilles in Province, a pilot under M' Candish in his
voyage to the South Endyes, and Jaynete Desheaz, a maiden
born in Jersey, married 2 November.
" 1599 {Brewood, Staffs), June 4. William Hoyte and Joane Alporte
of Tettehall Parishe, married at Breewood at the request of Sir
Thomas Corbit, being a sicke and dying the same day.
"1624-5 {Bermondsey, Surrey). James Herriott Esq' and Elizabeth
Josey, Gent, were married Jan 4. N.B. This James Herriott
was one of the 40 children of his father a Scotchman.
"1657 {Chapel-en-le-Frith, Derbyshire). There came from Tideswell
and Litton seventeen marriages all married by Randle
Ashenhurst Esquier justice of the peace.
' Burn states that in the parish register of " Hokington " (? Hockerton, Notts)
there is no mention of the wife's name in marriage entries for a period of over
forty years.

MARRIAGES 91
" 1659 {Aldenham, Herts). A Contracteof matrymony betwene John
Towers and Elizabeth Edwardes both of this Parish, Published
on March the 27 and Aprill the 3 and 10; But broke of and
never maryed.
" 1659 {Hackness, Yorks). Robert Coulson of Hagg house within the
parish of Wykham and Marie Cockerell daughter of Henrie
CockereU of Sharp^ate were married by M' Francis Proude
min' of Hackness in the Church and in the middest of the
marriage Mary dreeped down by reason of a swame and after
she was had to the Queer Doore into the Ayre shee recovered
verie well againe and there they were married in the presence
of the Congregacon the xxv"" day of October. " John Richardson
" Parish Register
"1688 {Hexham, Northumberland), 27 Feb. Thomas Locke, a
pretended doctor, married to Jane Inglesby; y' he after
marryed one M'^ Elizabeth Clarke of Markett Welton in f
East Rideing, York, for which he was prosecuted, but pleaded
his majestie's pardon.
"1712 {Ashborne, Derbyshire), ]\Iay 1 1. James Dawson and Susannah
Osbaston both of Derby. This was a fraudulent and wicked
marriage. Dawson came to Ashboum fair May lo*^ and
applied himselfe to old M' Hardister the Surrogate for License,
who having examined him upon oath (as the Canon requires)
the perjured wretch swore y' there was no pre contract or other
legall impediment against his marriage, so he obtained a Ucence
and was married next morning being Sunday May r i'^. But
before noon I discovered that his first wife was Uving at
Southampton.
"1750 {Lee, Kent), May 24. Samuel Woodward and Chasable
Torkinton (the woman's Christian name was so spelt in the
license by mistake for Chastity ; which she said was the tme
name), both of St Nicholas, Deptford.
"1752 {Mayfair Chapel, London), Feb. 14. James, Duke of
Hamilton, and Eliza Gunning married."
Horace W^alpole gives a lively account of the circum
stances of this marriage : —
" The Duke carried off Miss Gunning from a baU, and not
withstanding the lateness of the hour sent for the rector of St

92 PARISH REGISTERS
George's, Hanover Square, to marry them. Dr. Trebeck, however,
refused to perform the ceremony without Ucence and ring. The
Duke swore he would send for the Archbishop ; at last they were
married with a ring of a bed-curtain at half an hour past 12 at
night at Mayfair Chapel."
"1766 {Melverley, Salop), Dec. 17. Matthew Dodd and Elinor
Foster married. "This morning I have put a Tye
No man could put it faster
'Tween Matthew Dodd, the man of God,
And modest Nelly Foster. "John Lewis Clk."
The registers of Great Houghton, Northants, contain
the following indignant protest against the penalty imposed
on defaulters under the Marriage Act of 1753 : —
"The marriages are entered in a Book provided for that
purpose according to Act of Parliament which prohibits the clergy
solemnizing marriage contrary to rules therein prescribed, under
y" penalty of transportation for 14 years; a punishment little
inferior to y° gallows and inflicted generaUy on y° most profligate
and abandoned part of mankind."
" Clandestine Marriages and Lawless Churches."— \n the
second edition of Burn's Histoiy of Parish Registers,
published in 1862, there is a long chapter (pp. 130-169)
under the above title. The same author brought out a
History of the Fleet Marriages, which passed into a second
edition in 1834. Those who desire to study the subject of
the clandestine marriages of the latter part of the seven
teenth century and the first half of the eighteenth century,
which attained to scandalous proportions up to the time of
their suppression by Lord Hardwicke's Act of 1754, must
consult the records and information gathered together with
much care by Mr. Burn. Up to that date a marriage by
a priest of the Church of England, without either banns or
licence, was valid and indissoluble, although the contracting

MARRIAGES 93
parties were liable to ecclesiastical censure, and the minister
to heavy legal penalties. But such penalties were practically
inoperative where the celebrant of the marriage had neither
liberty to lose nor benefice to forfeit. Hence it came about
that, under the then careless management of prisons, binding
marriages were therein performed by disreputable priests,
more especially at the Fleet Strange to say the Fleet
registers abound with aristocratic names, but they have
never been accepted as l^al evidence. The earliest Fleet
register begins in 1674- At one time these marriages were
actually performed in the Fleet chapel ; but as these Fleet
parsons were generally prisoners enjoying the "Rules of
the Fleet," it became usual for these disreputable men to
enter into an evil alliance with the lowest class of tavern-
keepers of the district, who fitted up a room as a quasi
chapel ; they shared not only in the fees but in the sale of
the liquors which the wedding parties drank. These dis
reputable priests kept rough memoranda of these marriages
with occasional notes as to disgraceful scenes, and these
entries from their pocket-books seem to have been generally
copied into the larger Fleet registers. On the day previous
to Lord Hardwicke's Act coming into operation, 25 th March,
1754, there were no fewer than 217 of these Fleet marriages
performed !
In addition to these Fleet marriages, there were other
equally clandestine and scandalous weddings (save in their
surroundings) celebrated in what were termed the lawless
churches or chapels. These churches or chapels had real
or pretended exemptions from the visitation of the Ordinary,
and claimed or exercised the right of marrying at once
without either licence or banns. One of the most notorious
of these was the church of St. James, Duke's Place. The
rector, Adam Elliott, was suspended for three years in
1606 for marrying without licence or banns; but the scandal

94 PARISH REGISTERS
was soon resumed. The Mint, Southwark, Lincoln's Inn
Chapel, and the prison chapel of Newgate were among
other notorious places for illicit marriages which continued
to defy the laws ecclesiastical until 1754.
The Fleet Marriage Act, by its comprehensive wording,
also brought about the cessation of clandestine marriages
in several places in the provinces. Two of these, which
were much resorted to in the Midlands, were both in
Derbyshire, namely Dale Abbey Chapel and the Chapel
of Peak Forest.
The marriage registers of Dale Abbey begin in 1684.
The yearly average of marriages in this small extra parochial
district is three ; but in 1605 these weddings numbered thirty-
eight, in 1606 there were forty-six, and in 1690 thirty-six.
A literal transcript of the first register book, which extends
to 1 73 1, but is much mutilated, was printed in vol. xxii.
(1900) of ^t Journal of the Derbyshire Archtzological Society.
These marriages appear to have been wholly illegal, for
Burn states : —
" The marriages in the parish of Dale Abbey were, until a few
years previous to the Marriage Act of 1754, solemnized by the
clerk of the parish, at one shilling each, there being no minister."
The chapel of the extra parochial district of Peak Forest
was begun to be erected in 1657, but not completed until
1668. It claimed to be extra-episcopal, and was a peculiar
to itself. The minister's title was "Principal Official and
Judge in Spiritualities in the Peculiar Court of Peak Forest."
He had the right of granting marriage licenses, and held a
seal of office, dated 1665, which is still extant In conse
quence of this undoubted and exceptional privilege, the chapel
in this wild moorland district gradually became the resort
of runaway couples and of those seeking clandestine marriage
from various parts of the kingdom. There are numerous

M^^Ma

MARRIAGES 95
proofs of this in the earlier registers, which begin in 1665
but are in a fragmentary condition. So much did this
practice increase that in 1728 a new register book was
purchased, and endorsed "Foreign Marriages." It simply
contains the names of the contracting parties, without any
other particulars. It concludes with the year 1754, when
Lord Hardwicke's Act put an end to this use of the chapel.
The minister stated at that time that he lost thereby £100
per annum. These foreign marriages averaged about sixty
a year.

CHAPTER VII
BURIALS
Burial entries not perfect — Singular burial entries — Characters
of the deceased — Centenarians — Burials of excommunicants
— The Recusants — Excommunicate Non-conformists — Post-
Reformation excommunication — Burials of suicides — Other
burials by night — Burials of criminals — Burial without
coffins — Burials in woollen — Mortuaries — Arrest of corpse for
debt — Burial off'ered to passing corpse
BURN'S statement that the parish register of burials,
as to correctness and fulness, came next to those
of marriage is undoubtedly correct. Nevertheless, to
take the burial entries, as some parochial historians do, as an
absolute guide to local population or as complete evidence
of mortality at any given period is by no means a sound
conclusion. The Abstract of the Population Returns, based
on the census of 1801, mentions that they are deficient from
the following causes : —
1. Many congregations of dissenters in towns had their
own burial grounds, as had also the Roman Catholics and
Jews in London.
2. Some persons, from motives of convenience or
economy, interred their dead without any ceremony.
3. Children who died before baptism were not registered
or had no ceremony.
4. Negligence in small benefices, where the minister is
not resident. "
96

BURIALS 97
5. Many in army and navy (or merchant service) die
abroad. To these causes it ought to have been added that from
very early times, and certainly through the whole of the
i^S-^.^..,-,^,.^,^.... ^  let 3,^9.«-
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J.~...y ^^^if.^>>^Jlr**-t^2tiy.e^e.*^-  ft- *^R"*

FACSIMILE OF FIRST PAGE OF BURIAL REGISTER, LYMINGE, KENT

98 PARISH REGISTERS
registration period, the Church forbade the ceremonial inter
ment of all excommunicated or unbaptized persons, as well
as suicides unless bereft of reason, and that the insertion of
such burials in the registers was only fitful and irregular.
There are a great number of more or less noteworthy
burial entries that do not admit of any particular classifica
tion ; a small selection of these is here set forth in chrono
logical order.
"i55r {Rotherham), Dec. 24"' vij litle wenches at Cutloffs
buried.
" 1578 {St. Michael le Belfry, York). M" y' one Richarde Kendall, a
p'soner in the Bushoppes pryson, wch came frome Doncaster,
buryed the thirde day of ApriU, without any solemnytye,
saving that the curate and clarke and others p'sones weare
by and p'nte at his buryall.
"1580 {Orpington, Kent). A Poor Childe wiche died in an oxe stall
at my Lady Hart's house, buried 9 March.
" 1588 {Durnford, Wilts), 20 Augt. Ludovicus Ria, vicarius de Durn-
ford Magna, obiit mortem transeuntem per viam Ambrosiam
inter villam et domum suam Durnfordiae. [He was not buried
until 17th Sept]
"1589 {Mitcham, Surrey). WiUiam a little boy in a blew jerkineand a
blew paier of gaskins, being the livery of Bridewell, buried out
of WiUiam SwiUinghurst his barne, he was supposed to he a
Cheshire boy as he reported, bur. Oct. 19.
" 1591 {Thorington, Suffolk). It. one Derrowe a ladde of the age of
viij"" yeares whoe as he saide came from Bunggaye and was
there borne, he dyed at our bricke kell and was buried the
viij"* of December.
" 1593 {S^- Martin in the Fields). Tho. Finglas buried Aug" 4, and ij
yeares after his bodie was taken upp and caried in a Truncke
into Irelande.
" r599 {Great Burstead, Essex). Elizabeth Wattes, widdow, sometyme
the wyfi'e of Thomas Wattes, the blessed matter of God, who,
for his treuth suffered his marterdom in the fyer at Chelmes-
ford, the xxlj day of May, in the an° dni 1555, in the reigne r*"
Queene Mary, was buryed the 10 day, 1599, so she lived a
widdow after his death xliiij yeres, and fro' the 22 of May to

BURIALS 99
the IO* of July, and made a good end, Uke a good Christian
woman, in God's name pased.
" 1599 {Methley, Yorks). Robert Nelsonne was buried the xxviij"'
November, the said Roberte did breake his faste the same day
and was in good healthe, and came to y" churche to y' buryinge
of the foresaid Marioye Hagger, and did helpe to ringe a peale
at y° bells, and withn one halfe howre after died in the p'sence
of all the people in y' churche, and was buried within fowre
howres afterwarde.
" 1615 {St. Martin's, Ludgate). Feb. 20 was buried an anatomy from
the College of Physicians.
" 1 61 7 {Stanton Lacy, Salop). Mem"* that there was a blacke cloath
upon the hearse of Richard Joanes buried this yeare, which
of right appertaines to the vicar, but I bestowed it upon the
poore clerke.
" 1626 {Wickham, Durham). This present year one Annas GaskeU,
wife to Anthony Gaskell, bore at one birth fower p'fect children,
whereof one had life and stirred after it was borne, the rest aU
three still bome, and were all buried in one grave 25"" of
March.
" 1627 {Great St. Mary's, Cambridge), March 13. A boy that was
anatomized in the Schools.
" 1643 {Carlton, Suffolk). Jane, the wife of M' John Saunders, Parson
of Carleton, dyed the thirteenth day of June, about six of the
clock in the afternoon, being tuesday, and was buried in the
upper end of the Chancell within a foot length of the wall upon
the north syde of the sayd ChanceU, the fifteenth day of the
said month of June. M' Gabriel Elend, vicar of Pratfield,
preached at her buriall, his text was taken out of the Epistle to
the Hebrewes, ix, 27. This woman was (by her owne account)
above the age of fourscore yeares, beinge borne ui the North,
in a Towne called Keswicke in the Countie of Cumberland.
Before shee was married, her Name was Jane Williamson.
" 1644 {Tamworth), 24th March. Cast into the ground the body of
Ellen wife of Rich^ Ensor, a popeling.
" 1646 {Tamworth), June 29. buried the body of Richard Harding,
he was once one of the company but was put out bee: he was
an ale seller.
"1699 {Esh, Durham), 27 Jan. David Gordon a poor soldier beging
his bread fell sick of a feaver and died in a Bakehouse att
Usshaw.

loo PARISH REGISTERS
"1710 {Ashbourne, Derbyshire), 7 April. Buried old George Wood
aged about eighty years, a person of good health and activity
for his years and one that frequented the Prayers and Sacra
ments at Church continually. On Wednesday the 5* of this
month having eaten his dinner well he came down to Evening
prayers, and entered the Church with a lively fresh colour in
his face, and went into the seat y' is just opposite to y" Read
ing Desk, laid down his staffe and gloves on y° bench, and
stood up leaning his arms on the side of the seat, when the
sentences of Scripture and the Exhortation were read, but
just as that was ended, and before y" Confession began, he
fell down on the floor of the seat, and in two minutes time was
taken up dead and carried home on a pillow upon the Bier.
Matt 24"' 42-46.
"1720 {St. Michael le Belfry, York). Bur. John Brookes, the first
Hackney coachman, February 26"".
"1773 {Breadsall, Derbyshire). M' Joseph Jackson (a Miser under
a Heap of Riches) buried May 18'"-
" 1 8 14 {Long Buckby, Northants). Edith Freeman, who from an
obstinate temper kept to her bed 44 years, relict of the Rev"*
George Freeman LL.D., buried 21 January, aged 74."
Now and again those in charge of the registers did not
hesitate to express their opinion in writing as to the character
of the deceased, whether good, bad or unusual. Here are
some instances : —
" 1580 {St. Oswald's, Durham). Mayster John Watson of thage Ixxx
years, for wysdome, gravyte, honeste, sobryete, and other
godly vertews, worthe to be pr'sed, was buryed the xxix day
of June, beinge the feast day of pet' thapostle.
"1597 {Aston-by-Birmingham). Edward Vincent buried 3 June a
great sinner and blasphemer he died desperately qucilis vita
talis ita.
" 1601 {St. Peter's, Cornhilt), Sept. 22. Buryed David Powell Cloth-
worker but free of y" Merchant Tailors : 54 years old, lies just
in the mid ile.
"This Powell was a plaine man and led an honest life,
Hee loved peace and amitie, and shun'd debate and strife."
" 1607 {Aston-by-Birmingham). Jeiss wife of Nicholas Eagles of

BURIALS loi
Erdington buried 25 Dec, a good churchwoman and good
to the poor."
Following the entry of the burial of John Collen on 6th
of July, 1613, the rector of Beeston next Mileham, Norfolk,
writes : —
" Ipse autem per multos annos habuit in oppido an alehouse ad
magnum hujus oppidi nocumentum.
"1614 {St. Oswald's, Durham), Nov. 8. John Richardson, public
notari, a verie honest nighbore and a good wilier both for the
good of this Churche and for the good of this parish, whose
soule the lord Jesus receive in to his Kingdome. Amen.
" 1619 {Kensington), April 23. M' Robert Fen the elder, Esquier, an
ancient howshold servant unto Queene EUzabeth and unto our
most gracious Kinge James, a faythful p'fessor of true relegion
and a most charitable freind to the poore, of age 77, upon
fryday night at 10 of the clock.
" 1624 {Burstall, Suffolk), AprUl 5. Jane Salter widdow buried when
she had lived in the favor of God and all good people Ixxi
yeares.
"1670 {St. Nicholas, Ipswich). M'^ Abigail Maninge widi whoe had
tooe housbonds both Ministers her first housbond was that
Reverend and holy man of God M' Nathonile Smart whoe
was Minister of this p'ish of St Nicolas fiveten yeares and
dyed here in his Ministery whose precious ashes lyes Interred
close to the Entrance into the vestery in the Chancel in whose
grave rests the boddy of this holy Matrion waiting til her
Redeemer comes whoe was buryed October 1 7"'
" 1 67 1 {Condover, Salop), Mar. 20. M' WiUiam Owen, the third son
of S' WiUiam Owen, Knight, Prebendary of Worcester and
Minister of Pontesbury bur. He was a Reverend and learned
Divine, a Loyeall subject, an excellent friend, a tender husband,
and most endearing and indulgent Parent, in a word hee was
a Person of y' great modestie, humilitie, charitee, and hospital-
itie which made him the best neighbor in the world. Hee
was a publick loss and publickly lamented, for - 1 never saw
truer mourning and soe generall in all my life. Help Lord for
good men decay !
"1707 {Ashbourne, Derbyshire), 16 August. M' Charles Chancey,
Physician and Apothecary, and one of the Church Wardens of

I02 PARISH REGISTERS
this parish. A man of good knowledge learning and experience
in Physick, Pharmacy, and Chyrurgery ; of a lepid and satyri-
call kind of conversation, but of great Integrity and good
nature, and so helpful! and usefiU to all sorts, that his loss was
universally deplored, and his Corps was mett some miles from
the Town, for he died at Darby in his return from visiting a
Patient in Leicester, the Gout (with which he was much
troubled) striking up to his stomach, and that occasioned (as
was supposed) by eating cowcumbers and ffruit. He was
sorrowfully (yet voluntarily and without invitation) attended
to his grave by multitudes of the whole neighbourhood.
"1708 {Ibid.), 8 April. Nathaniel, son of Nathaniel Boothouse and
Hannah his wife, vicar of this parish, who was born at Careing-
lon (where his father was then rector) June 22, 1704, and died
here at Ashburne on Easter Tuesday the 6* of this instant
month. A child he was of exceeding sweetness and prettiness
both in person and temper, and of wonderfuU quickness of
apprehension and parts, far beyond his years. His death drew
tears from many more eyes than those of his own Parents.
He lies buried in the east end of the churchyard, his father
esteeming Churches and Chancels to be too good to lay dead
bodies in.
" The Lord gave and the Lord hath taken away, blessed be
the name of the Lord.
"He was a flow'r of Sweetness, might have grown
In age and kindred to perfection,
But God's resistless Hand, by Death's surprise,
'Transferred him to th' Heavenly Paradise.
" Verba haec (Lectores) msesto indulgete Parenti.
"1773 {Clovelly, Devon), Aug. 6. Catherine Rowe, a pattern of
Industry and a good Neighbour.
" Aug. 7. Christian Meek, truly deserving of that name.
" Oct. 26. Emlyn, Wife of Richard Crews, eminent for a meek
and peaceable disposition."
This is not the place in which to discuss the once much
disputed point concerning Centenarians, as to which the late
Mr. Thoms was so persistently sceptical. Suffice it to say
that during the last fifty years there have been several score

bUKIALS 103
of deaths registered in England of those who have without
any doubt exceeded the age of 100 years. In fact there is
no lack of documentary evidence as to recent cases of decided
super-centenarians. For instance, until a few years ago there
still lived at Auberive-en-Royen (Isere) a certain Mme.
Durand, known under the name of " M^re Girard," aged
13s years. Her birth certificate, registered in the parish of
Saint-Just-de-Clast, bears the date of September 22, 1740,
In 1864 she solemnly celebrated the hundredth anniversary
of her marriage.
Two cases of extraordinary longevity have already been
cited from the remarkable register of Much Wenlock, under
the years 1 541-2 and 1545. In the same register, under
1546, mention is made of Thomas Smith, subprior of the
monastery, 115 years of age at his death.
The following are a variety of centenarian register entries,
selected from about double the number, which we have
culled from old parochial rasters : —
" 1586 {Swainswick, Somerset). Elianor Cox, wydow, being an
hundred yeres old, was buried the 8"" daie of Julie.
" 1588 {Minehead, Somerset). John WiUiams was 100 years old.
" 1591 {Aston by Birmingham). Ould Weddowe Seye was buried
30 March a woman of a hundreth years olde and more.
" 1596-7 {St. Peter's, Cornhilt), 14 March. Margery Mane widow, old,
yet devout in often hearing y' word : in y* cros ile, (years) 100.
" 1603 {Stoke Newington). Margaret Forster, widow, of the age
of 103 years or thereabouts, was buried the 21" of Sept.
"1607 {Great Marlow, Bucks). The Eight day of Marche was
Buried Emline Clarke widowe 100 yere olde.
" 1611 {Cathedral Church of Peterborough), January. Bartholomew
Bamaby, an oulde Faulkener, buryed the 5 day, above an
hundred yeares old.
"1627 {Dorking, Surrey), Nov. 14. John Colcott aged 108 years
was buried.
" 1630 {Swainswick, Somerset). John Poule the eldest, beinge about
an hundred years of age, was buried the 21=* of Julie.

I04 PARISH KEGiSlERS
" 1641 {Albrighton, Salop), Nov. i. Margarett Brooke, 115 yeares
old and odder wife of Roger of the Harrits Haies of this
p. : bur.
"1650 {Heyford, N'hants). Thomas Ward senex centum annos
errabundus, melancholitus, et inventus mortuus (on the up
permost Furlong beyond Depcambe) resepult : first Decemb
12.
"1657 {Stranton, Durham). Richard Brantingham, of Seaton, bur
May 29*, aged 106.
"166 1 {Barton-under-Needwood, Staffs), Feb. 13. Widow Reading,
aged above an hundred, bur.
" 1663 {Eyam, Derbyshire), Dec. 30. Bur. Anna, the traveller, who,
according to her own account, was 136 years of age.
"1665 {Alstonfield, Staffs), Nov. 27. Eliz. wid. of Ric Baatt,
reported to be about 100 years old, bur.
" 1683 {Salehurst, Sussex), Oct 5. Bur"* Peter Sparke aged 120 odd
years.
" i6()T, {Edlingham, Northumb.), 20 April. Barham Norris, widow,
aged 100 years and more, buried in Edlingham church.
"1703-4 {Bywell St. Peter, Northumberland), March 23. Ralph
Seymor, of Rochelport, buried, aged 106 as is reported.
"1706 {All Saints, Northampton). Old John Bales Button Maker
buried the 14th April who lived part of y° Fifteenth century,
the whole sixteenth, and part of the seventeenth century. The
most probable conjecture of his age is that if he had lived to
the August following he would have been 114, for we find in
this Register a John Bales Bapt August y" 20* 1592.
"1706 [Cleobury Mortimer, Salop), May 5. Frances Worston,
widow, aged by computation 114.
"1708 {Bitterley, Salop),Ma.y 20. Maria Smith, quae ad centissimum
vixit annum sep.
"1709 {Ibid.), Jan. 21. Margaretta WiUiams, qua annum praeteriit
centissimum, sep."
In the same register are entries of eight subsequent
centenarians under the years 1714 (two), 1717, 17 19 (two),
1756, 1794. and 1809, the exact age in these cases varies
from 100 to 104.
" 1716 {Haughton, Staffs), May 9. Frances Cook, of Booden, aged
loi, bur.

BURIALS 105
"171 7 {Edlingham, Northum.), ro Oct Edward Crisp, aged 102,
Abberwick, in Bolton ChappelL
"1723 {Warkworth, Northumberland), April 9. Joharmes Lamb,
annos natus 106, et Isabella uxor, annos natus 86, eodem die
sepult de Warkworth.
"1731 {Alstonfield, Staffs), Jan 5. Margery Baddely of Hope, said
to have been 107 years old, bur.
" 1739 ( Warkworth, Northum.), 13 Jan. Henricus Richardson annos
natus roi de High Buxton.
"1745 {West Hallam, Derbyshire). Old Sarah Baldack of Dale
Parish, aged 103, buried Apr. 22.
" 1746 {Norton, Durham). Frances Wrench bur. October gin rro""
year of her age.
"1749 {Warkworth, Northum.), \^ Feb. Elisabetha Brown annos
nata T05, de West Chivinton.
"1749 {Hartlepool). Ruth Nicholson was bur. loth of December,
aged above 103 year.
" 1761 {Selattyn, Salop), April 2. William Sandland, aged 103,
bur.
"1763 {Bothal, Northum^, 5 Dec Robert TumbuU, aged 104
years.
" 1774 {Ibid.), I Nov. Catherine Brown, Longhirst, aged 109
years.
"1807 {Linton-inrCraven, Yorks). Margret Strorey of Bridgend, Aged
101 years, was Buried June 13."
Those under sentence of excommunication were not
allowed any burial ceremony, and, strictly speaking, could
not be interred in consecrated ground. Two post-Reforma
tion register entries have been noted of interdiction by the
bishop of all burials, for a period, owing to the infringement
of this ecclesiastical rule.
" r598 {Chesterfield). Robertus Eyre generosus sepult p'videntiam
ab Hercule Foljambe xv die Decemb.
" Upon the buriall of the said Robert Eyre being an excom
municate recusant (R. Catholic), our biu-iall was interdicted;
in the tyme of the inhibitian, before it was released these per
sones foUowinge dyed, and were buried at other churches as
followeth. [Here are entered four burials at Whittington, two

io6 PARISH REGISTERS
at Brampton, one at Wingerworth, and one at Bariow.] The
xiiij day of Januarie the interdiction was released."
The second instance occurs at a later date in the registers
of Weedon-Beck, Northants, in the year 1615 : —
" WiUiam Radhouse the elder dying excommunicate was buryed
by stealth in the night time in the churchyard 29 Jan. Wherefore
the church was interdicted for a fortnight"
The persecution of the Recusants, that is of those who
clung to the old unreformed faith, was carried on relent
lessly even to the grave throughout the reign of Elizabeth ;
though their burial at night without any rite was winked at
in various parishes, particularly where they were numerous.
In the instances cited below, it can be proved that all were
Romanists, though in some cases it is not so stated in the
registers. " 1504 {Leeds). Richard Lumbye, ofthe ChappUtowne, being a papist,
not comyng to the church the space of 12 years, being indycted
at the generall and private sessions upon the statute, presented
at the visitacions of papystry, excommunycate, dyed at ChappU
towne the third day of December, and was by hys kynsfolk and
neighbours brought towards the churche to be buryed, but at
the churchyard gate stopped by the Curate and Churchwardens
where hys corps remained till the seventh day of the same
moneth at night, and hys frends could not gett lycens to burye
him ; going to York for y' purpose, hys said corps was in the
night conveyed and buryed."
It may be here mentioned that there are certain remark
able additions to some of the burial entries in the register of
the parish church of Leeds under the years 1573-7. The
pious old Catholic invocation Cujus anime propitietur Deus
is added to the interment record in twenty-two instances.
Possibly these were all at heart Roman Catholics, and the
additions made by a broad-minded or sympathetic clerk.
To two ofthe burial entries during this period is appended

BURIALS 107
the absurdly irrelevant ending "God save the Queen," a
kind of Erastian protest, we suppose, against the use of the
ancient formula.
"1594 {Parham, Sussex). Widow Duke on the Common, being
excommunicated, was laid in the Churchyard Nov. 4.
"1595 {Longford, Derbyshire). Margaret Bakewell, a maid of Auk-
manton, buried excommunicated r4* of October being Sun
day after sun setting.
" 1602 {Drypole, E. R. Yorks). Thomas Cletheray a recusant of
the North blockhouse was put into his grave in drypoll
churchyard vii day of March, by the means of Henry Garrab,
without the minister and without the order of buriaU, according
to lawe.
" 1604 {Christchurch, Hants), April 14. Christian Steevens, the
wife of Thomas Steevens, was buried in childbirth, and buried
by women, for she was a papishe."
There are various night burials mentioned in the registers
of Stokesley, Yorks, all of which apparent^ apply to the
interment of Recusants : —
" 1608. Anne Brasse buryed at midnyght 26 June.
" 1615. Agnes rountree of tantan was bur^ 29 August at nyght in
irmer churche yarde a recusantt.
" 1 6 18. W" pillye wif was bur the 7 Nov at nyght butt wher I can
not telL
" i62r-2. Xtofer hutcheson of Sto bu"' vj*^ day Fabruary upon the
nyght by whom I knowe not.
" 1639. Frances George buried the i r*"" September at night but by
whome it is unknone."
The Recusants were always numerous in the Derbyshire
parish of Hathersage ; four of them were buried there and
entered in the register in 1629, four in 1630, and five in 1631
— all by night.
" 1623 {Albrighton, Salop), May 19. Thomas Harrington, of
Byshton, esquire, was buried in the night by commandment
from the Byshop.

io8 PARISH REGISTERS .
" 1626 {Tarporley, Cheshire). Richard Welch Papist and excommuni
cate bur 20 August at night.
"1631 {Methley, Yorks). Prothasia Shaun buried the 25* of
December, in the night, but not by a minister.
" 1642 {North Elmham, Norfolk). Rose, ye wife of Robert Lunford
was buried y" 23 of December, she was a recusant papist, she
was buried in the night without the church ceremonies."
At Norbury, Derbyshire, an old seat of the celebrated
recusant family of the Fitzherberts, there are three entries
in the parish register, for the year 1723, of interments without
service; in two of these instances it is specified that the
deceased were " papists," and it was doubtless also the case
with the third.
There are various register entries which show that other
Nonconformists were treated after death as excommunicants
and denied (if they had desired it) formal burial.
" 1610 {Beeston next Mileham, Norfolk). Henery Surskey, widower,
by the order of his schismaticall sonne, who not only denyes
but contemnes and rayles agaynst the discipline of the Church
of England, and hates the ministers thereof, was put into the
grave in the churchyard of Beeston the 16"' day of September
without minister or any but factious persons like himselfe,
which is heere set downe to his shame to posterity.
" 1 6 14-15 {Nassington, N'hants). Jeane Burton was buried the 7*
of Februarie by moone light about two a clock in the morning
dying in childebed but not trimmed.^
" 1619 {Albrighton, Salop), Aug 20. Izable Keames ofthe Park Syde,
wyddowe, diceased the 18"" day of August, and was buryed in
the hall orchyard neere unto the church wall upon the west
side thereof, the 20"" day of August, Anno Dom 16x9, being
an excommunicated person.
" 1642 {Stock, Essex), 7 May. Elizabeth the d. of Thomas Wood (an
AnnabaptisticaU and factious Separatist) and Eleanor his wife
(the grave being ready made) was (by the companie that
came with the childe) interred and layd into the ground before
the minister came : and without praiers, or the righte of
^ The expression "not trimmed" is a puzzle, and it seeais scarcely worth
while to guess at an explanation.

BURIALS 109
christian buriall according to the order of the Churche of
England on Satterday."
The supposed liberty of conscience and freedom of
worship under the Commonwealth is a baseless fable. Pres-
bj^erians and Congregationalists united in denying every
kind of freedom to Romanists, Episcopalians, Unitarians, and
especially to Quakers. To this the burial registers occasionally
bear witness : —
" 1653 {Hackness, Yorks). Richard CockereU dyed on Wednesday
the xiiij^ day of September and was buryed the next day being
Thursday and there was many of them they call Quaker at his
buryalL And !Mr. Prowde did exhorte and argue with them at
the Grave and they held out that that work wch they had in
them was not wrought by the word wch I was sorry to heare
but they sayd they made use of the word only to try whether it
were right or not
" 1656 {Ibid.). George Watson dyed the xij** day (July) and was
buryed the next, beinge of the Quakers Sect and many of
them were at his buryaU but M' Prowde was not called to
bury him, and after they see him buryed they wente away.
" X658-9 ( Wing, Rutland). William Sharp the younger (comonly
called WiUiam Sharp) at the Townes End who was a whither
witted sectary and a separatist from own congr^acion, having
languished a great while neglected of his owne wife and
chUdren at last died miserably soe far in dett that all his goods
would not near make satisfactioiL He died the 26 and was
btuied the 28 of February 1658.
" 1677 {Bishop Middleham, Durhani), JatL 3r. Isabel], wife of
Francis WilUamson, was buried at 2 of the clock in the mom^.
" 1679. ( Waterbeach, Cambs), 10 Dec Francis Wilson, excomuni-
cated, buried in his orchard.
" 1695-6 {Thornton, Bucks). Francis Colman dyed March 3'* but
was not buryed in this paresh bee. he dyed excomunicate, and
was fetch by some Anabapt brethren to a Burying place of
theirs at Stony Stretford.
"1703 {Corby, Nhants). Thomas Seamark informed me y' one
William Faukiner was buried in an orchard belonging to
Emanuel Boone on y* 1 7* of Octob' 1 703.

IIO PARISH REGISTERS
"1704 {Bourton-on-the- Water, Gloucestershire). W" Wickser's wife,
of Layborough, was buried in Widow Green's orchard at Lower
Slaughter (a chapelry to Bourton) March 5.
" 1726 {Breadsall, Derbyshire). Mary Daughter of Edward Wheat-
croft died in January being under sentence of Excommunication
and as I heard was interred y" 23'' of y° same month.
"1741 {Spratton, N'hants), Dec. 10. Mary y" wife of WUUam
Lansbury the younger being dipd and dying a profess'd
Anabaptist was interr'd without y° office of y" Burial Service a
little before six o'clock in y° evening.
" 1 741-2 {3id.), Feb. 10. John Lee y" Anabaptist teacher was in
terr'd without the Burial Service."
It must not, however, be supposed that all post-Re
formation excommunications were on account of lack of
conformity with the established formularies of religion, or,
as was occasionally the case, for moral offences. Sentences
of excommunication, as enjoined by archidiaconal courts,
were of fairly common occurrence in connection with non
payment of tithes or Easter dues, or for other technical
offences of an ecclesiastical nature. It was the attempt to
enforce the full legal penalties involved in excommunication
for offences of this character that gradually brought the
whole system into contempt and secured its final disuse.
Amongst the parish muniments of Luccombe, a retired
village of West Somerset, hidden away amidst the combes
of Exmoor, are two or three original forms of excommunica
tion, temp. Charles \} According to English canon law, a
sentence of excommunication was bound to be delivered in
writing and under a proper seal. The most perfect of these
documents is written on a half-sheet of foolscap lengthways,
and has borne a large wafer seal, only, the stain of which
remains : —
" Samuel Ward doctor of divinity Archdeacon of the Archdea-
1 These were discovered by the present writer as long ago as 1864 among a
litter of discarded rubbish. See " Gleanings from a Parish Chest " in Andrews'
Curious CJvurch. Gleanings (1896).

BURIALS III
conry of Taunton to our weU-beloved the Parson Vicar or Curate
of the parish church of Luccombe within our Archdeaconry of
Taunton sendeth greetinge in our Lord God everlastinge. "\Miere-
as Walter Pugslie, Moses Pngslie, and John Anton of y* parish
aforesaid for their manifest contempte and disobedience have been
longe time justUe excommunicated and for excommunicate persons
openly denounced in the face of the Church at the time of divine
service in which dangerous ^tate without f^e of God or shame of
y* world they stiU remaine in contempte of lawe and lawful magis
trates. We therefore will and require yow that the next Sabath
day or hoUday ensuinge the Receipt hereof in your said parish
Church at the time of divine service before the whole congr^ation
assembled yow shall pubUquely denounce those Walter PugsUe,
Moses PugsUe and John Anton for a^iavated i>ersons and also
then and there yow shall admonish all Christian people by virtue
hereof that they and any of them henceforth ^chewe and avoid the
soriety, fellowshippe and company of the said-persons and that they
neither eate, nor drink, buy, sell, or otherwise by any manner of
means communicate with them, being members cut ofiF fi-om aU
Christian Society under the payne of excommunication by lawe in
this behalfe provided until they shall submit themselves to be
reconciled. And of y* doings herein Certifie us or our Deputy the
next court day ensuinge after fortye dayes after the denouncinge
hereof and fayle yow not under the payne contempte. Dated
vmder our Seale the three and twentye day of May Anno dom, r628.
" Ric: Peeke Reg."
It is a mere matter of surmise what had been the original
offence of th^« three Luccombe parishioners, but it was prob
ably non-payment of tithes. The offence would have been
stated in the original sentence. This excommunication is
a further declaration ; for the excommvmication was obliged
to be repeated at the end of six months, provided the person
or persons had not meanwhile purged themselves by sub
mission and penance, and obtained the benefit of absolution.
The reason of the mention of the forty days was because,
according to the law and custom of England — ^which differed
in this respect from all other parts of Christendom — the
civil authority in the person of the sheriff was bound to

112 PARISH REGISTERS
step in and imprison excommunicated folk, until they made
submission, provided that the desire de excom,municata
capiendo was expressed by the bishop or diocesan official.
On the same Sunday whereon these three Luccombe offenders
were denounced in their parish church, and all Christian folk
commanded to boycott them, the like excommunication
was read during service in the Cathedral Church of Wells,
and on the following day the names and offences of those
excommunicated were forwarded to the Archbishop of the
province. In the neighbouring parish of Wootton Courtney, a paper
dated ist November, 1629, is pinned into the register book,
wherein the rector expresses in naive terms his regrets that
he had proceeded with the excommunication of two par
ishioners for considerable arrears of tithes, as the fees of
the archidiaconal officials considerably exceeded the amount
recovered 1
At the beginning of the first register book of Great
Preston, Northants, is a list of twenty instances of the
excommunications or consequent absolutions of parishioners
between the years 1607 and 1633. Bosworth (whose Christian
name is missing), was "decreed excommunicate the 26 of
March and denounced in Preston church Ap. 27, 161 8."
Another Bosworth was decreed excommunicate on 24th July
of the same year and denounced in Preston church on 9th
August. Henry Adkins excommunicated on 27th June
and denounced 8th July 1621, "was absolved fro the
sentence of excom: the ix of January 1622." From
other entries in this list, it is clear that absolurions were
decreed by the chancellor or his surrogate; there is no
express statement that such absolutions were afterwards
pronounced in church, but there can be little or no doubt
that this was the case at Great Preston.
At the end of the second register of Bingley, Yorks,

BURIALS 113
are lists of persons of that parish excommunicated at the
time of the Archdeacon's visitations in the years 1639, 1664,
and 1682 ; the respective numbers were 24, 25, and 20. There
are two other undated lists.
" 1667-8 {Scotter, Line.), June 19. Mem. That on Septuagesune
Sunday one Francis Drury, an excommunicate person, came into
church in the time of divine service in y° morning, and being
admonisht by me to be gon, he obstinately refused, whereupon y"
whole congregation departed ; and after the same manner in the
afternoon the same day he came againe, and refusing againe to
goe out, the whole congr^ation agaane went home, soe y'
Uttle or noe service perform'd y' day. I prevented his further
coming in y' manner, as he threatened, by order from y' justice
upon the statute of Q. Elizabeth concerning the molestation and
disturbance of pubUc preachers. W" Carrington, Rector. O
tempora I O mores I "
In the register book of Alstonfield, Staffordshire, there is
a list of " persons excommunicate in the Chancellor's Court."
In 1678, three names are given under 23rd June, and e^ht
under ist September. In the following year there are five
persons thus named; in 1680 seven; and in 1681 three.
The excommunicate of Alstonfield in the Archdeacon's
Court for 1678 numbered nine, in 1679 eight, in 1680 five,
and in 1683 twenty-nine. The respective grounds for
excommunication are not named in these lists.
On the inside cover of the fourth book of the registers of
Stokesley, Yorks, which begins in 1723, are the names of four
women " under excommunication for fornication " ; a weaver
under like sentence in 1745 "for refusing to pay his Easter
Offerings to ye minister " ; and a widow excommunicated for
contumacy in a slander case at the York Consistory Court
The widow in this last case was
"pubUckly Declared to be Absolved from y* Sentence of
Excommunication in y* Parish Church of Stokesley on y^ r9''' of
April, 1755, by Tho Thwaites Curate of y* s** Parish."
8

114 PARISH REGISTERS
Christian burial was denied in very early times not only
to the unbaptized and the excommunicate, but also to those
who had laid violent hands on themselves. In the case,
however, of suicides, it is expressly laid down by the canons
under Egbert of A.D. 740, and repeated at later dates, that
this penalty is to be incurred by those who thus act by any
fault, thus excluding those who commit the deed in madness
or frenzy. It was customary in England to bury suicides at
cross roads, but not unfrequently, for charity's sake, the body
was interred in the graveyard without ceremonial. By an
Act of 1 82 1, the burial of one against whom a verdict oi felo
de se had been pronounced is ordered to be within the church
yard between the hours of nine and twelve, at night.
The following are some selected instances of register
entries of the burials of suicides : —
" 1556 {St. Alkmunds, Derby). Sepultus est Johannes Marriath pastor
hujus ecclesiae postquam sese laqueo videlicet funiculo minims
campanae suspenderat vitamque n;iiserime finierat. Junii r4.
Deus det aliis meliorem gratiae mensuram. Nota, fregit cam-
panam corporis gravitate et casu.
"'573 {Pleasley, Derbyshire). [Loose leaf of an early register.] Tho.
Maule f^ hunge on a tree by y* wayeside after a druncken fitte
April 3. Crowners queste in churche porche April 5. Same
nighte at midd nighte hurried at y° nighest crosse roades w' a
stake yn him, manie peopple frome Manesfeilde.
" 1574 {Chesham, Bucks), June 30. Francis Cocker did strangle him
selfe to death.
"1579 {St. Anne's, Blackfriars), Aug. 4. John Hacone infamously
buried, for killing himselfe desperately.
" 1594 {Ibid.). Robert Halle, servant to Jysse Cutler, who did hang
himself, and was buried at the Thames, hard by Blackfriars
Bridge.
"1597 {St. Alkmunds, Derby). Concescit fato Johannes Wooddewise,
parvae Cestria, non sepultus, quia laqueo seipsum suspendit,
Deus det aliis meliorem gratiam, Apr 3.
"1597 {All-Hallows-in-the-Wall). Thomas Atkinson gentleman
sometyme servant to the old Ladye of ^Pembrooke, and at this

BURIALS 115
present dyd belong to M' Thomas Compton, brother to the
Lord WilUam Compton : he was buried the iiij*"" day of June,
who being sycke of a whole fever : w*^ a sworde in the anguyshe
of his fytt thrust y' into his beUye : And so ended this mortall
lyfe in the house of wydowe Olyver, the seconde daye of June
at night being but newlye come thyther, theyre to lye and to
have his being.
" 1597 {Drypole, E. R. Yorks). Anne Ruter a singlewoman drowned
herselfe and was buried the iuj' daie of Julie on the North side
of the church.
" 1600 {Chesterfield). IsabeU Taylor widowe drowned her selflFe in a
well and was buried vij ApriL
" 1600 {Chesham, Bucks), July 11. Isbell the wyfe of Thomas Border
being greate with childe most fearfully by drowning herselfe in
a ponde ended this present lyfe.
"r6i7 {Elland, Yorks). Thomas Gleidell generosus bur* 31 Oct,
corpse dug up 27 Nov. Carefully viewed by r6 sworn men
because it was noised and said by some of his covet and envious
near relations that he had k. himselfe with his own h* — un
touched and unwounded.
" r62o {St. Alkmunds, Derby). A certayne prisoner brought unto y"
gaole and guarded coming over the Mary bridge leapte over
into the water and drownde himselfe, and was buried by the
highway side close at the foote of the bridge, June 28.
" 1678 {Bishop Middleham, Durham), Oct 20. Joseph Bowes, gent
(being found to have laid violent hands on himselfe) was
buried in a void place.
" r698 ( West Hallam, Derbyshire), April 13. Katharine the wife of
Tho. Smith alias Cutler was found felo de se hy ¦f Coroners
inquest and interred in y' crosse ways near y* wind mill on y°
same day.
" 1699 {Twyford, Derbyshire). Jacobus Hurd de Stenson bachalau-
raus qui in aqua Trenti immersus die Veneris vicesimo tertio
sepultus fuit Sancti Johannis Baptis die, W-. Charles Adderley .
Coroner sat upon him in Twyford Church,^ June 24.
" 1 706 {Ibid.), April 6. Quidam GuUelmus Smith Peregrinus veniens
1 Among the Derbyshire county records are a variety of papers relative to
inquests held by Coroner John Alderly from 1677 to 1699. A jury of twenty-four
was always summoned ; the day of the inquest was usually Sunday, and the place of
summons the parish chnrch. The corpse was usually viewed in the porch. Un
suitable as this ancient place for holding inquests seems to modem ideas — it can

ii6 PARISH REGISTERS
a Parochia de Utoxetu suspendit seipsum apud Twyford :
sepultus autem erat in loco vulco appellato Hailslouts.
"1719 {Overstone, Northants), Dec. 6. Bur. Rebecca Adams,
widow of John Adams (who cut his own throat July 5"" last
past and was buried at the corner of y^ hedge by y° Northfield
closes but twice clandestinely taken away by one Stephenson a
Surgeon at Northampton in order to be made a skeleton).
"1719 {Bothal, Northumberland), 19 Feb. John Hurst, GaUow-
house, who hanged himself with the cowhand over the Ravel
Tree.
" \1li, {Thorpe Achurch, Nhants), Sept. 19. William Greenwood,
a Dissenting Teacher of March in the Isle of Eley, cut his
throat at a Publick House in our Parish, and after the Correnors
Inquest was Bury'd behind the Church in Woollen according
to law."
Other burials by night are also to be found in parochial
registers in addition to the dishonourable ones in cases of
excommunication and suicide. Some of these were inter
ments by torchlight, causa honoris, as something exceptional,
reserved for persons of distinction, or handed down by family
tradition. Aldermen of London, who had filled the office of
Lord Mayor, were by ancient use buried by torchlight with
great ceremonial ; but these nocturnal funerals led to so
much disorder that they were prohibited in the time of
Charles I. At Westminster Abbey, Abraham Cowley in 1617,
Joseph Addison in 17 17, and George II in 1760, all had
torchlight burials. Archbishop Hutton was buried at night,
at Lambeth, in 1758, and John Wesley's funeral in 1791 was
at so early an hour in the morning that lanterns and torches
were required. The Berkeleys, of Bruton, Somerset, were
for a long period buried at midnight in a crypt beneath the
chancel, after a sermon had been preached in the church.
The old custom of burying members of the Dyott family by
be traced back in Derbyshire to the thirteenth century — the palpable modern
scandal of holding inquests in public-houses was unknown. See Dr. Cox's Tliree
Centuries of Derbyshire Annals, vol. i. pp. 79-82, 391.

BURIALS 117
torchlight in the vaults of St. ^Mary's Church, Lichfield, is
still maintained.
The three following register entries of the seventeenth
century are clearly concerned with honourable burial : —
" i6oq {Harrow-on-the-Hill), August 23* being Wensday about sixe
of the clocke at night dyed the right Worshipful M' WilUam
Gerarde and the body of the same M' Gerrard was buryed in
the sepulchre of his father within the Churche of Harrow on
Thursday the 24'* day of the same moneth about nyne of the
clocke at night By one Humphrey WDtlud.
" 1635 {Albrighton, Salop), Nov. 15. The Right Honor'*' Ladie the
Countesse of Shrewsburie was buried at this Church upon
Twelf day at nightt, being the sixth day of January 1635.
" r668 {Bruton, Somerset), June 26. The Rt Honor"* Charles
Lord Viscount Fitzharding was between 12 and one of the
clock in the night, after a sermon preached by M' John
Randall, then minist : of Brewton, buried in the vault in the
ChanceU in a coflSn of lead."
In two or three parishes burial in the late evening or
night became habitual. A striking instance of this is
Wellingborough, as shown by the following parochial entry : —
" i737> II April. Whereas there hath been and stiU is a custom
and usage within the said Parish of Burying the Dead at the
Houre of eight or nine at night in the winter, and somtimes
later, which is found to be a very inconvenient and prejudicial
custom both to the Minister and inhabitants — For the putting
an end therefore to the said custom and usage, and for the
futiure good and convenience of the said Minister and Parish
ioners, we the Minister and majority of the Principal Inhabitants
of the said Parish being upon due and pubUck notice assembled
in vestry for that purpose, do hereby upon mature consideration
order and require all persons within the said Parish who shaU
hereafter bury their dead in the church or churchyard of the
said Parish that they bring their said dead hither to be
buried from and after the day of the date of these presents
until the feast of St. Michael the Archangel next ensuing at or
before the hour of seven in the afternoon, and from and after

ii8 PARISH REGISTERS
the ist Feast of St Michael unto the Feast of the Blessed
Virgin Mary at or before the hour of four in the afternoone."
A fine of is. an hour was to be imposed for every hour
after the appointed, one half to the minister and the other
half to the poor.
In the old days executed criminals were usually buried
in the consecrated ground of the parish where the gaol
stood. For the most part the burial service was used ; and
this could scarcely have been otherwise, for the condemned
criminal not infrequently received the Holy Communion,
and sometimes was baptized on the eve of execution.
"t576 {Cartmel, Lancashire). Richard Taylor was buried who
suffered the same daye at Blacragge Bridge end for murthering
wilfullye Richard Kilner of Witherslacke."
In the seventeenth century the Surrey assizes were held
at Dorking on several occasions. In 1635 two persons were
condemned and executed ; in 1636 five, and in 1668 five.
The registers show that all these criminals were buried in
the parish churchyard.
The register of Little Brickhill, Bucks, contains entries
of the burials of forty-two criminals who were executed here
between 1561 and 1620; it was formerly an Assize town.
In this register occurs the entry : —
" Cecely Reves was buried the same day, burned."
This last horrible entry requires some explanation. The
burning for heresy, as carried out under Henry Vlll and
Mary, was not a newly invented death torture. It was a
form of capital punishment long reserved in England for
women who were guilty of high or petty . treason. Petty
treason included not only the murder of a master by a
servant, or of a husband by a wife, but even a minor crime
such as coining, for which a woman was burnt in 1721 ; so

BURIALS 119
that rarely a year passed by in England, down to about a
century ago, without at least one such sickening spectacle.
It is supposed that the last of these cases occurred in 1784
at Portsmouth, when one Mary Bayley, for the murder of
her husband, was condemned "to be drawn on an hurdle
to the place of execution on Monday the eighth of March,
and burned with fire until she be dead." The punishment
of hanging in such cases was substituted for that of burning
in 1790. The r^jisters of St. Chad's, Shrewsbury, bear witness to
another instance of this enforced cremation : —
" December 1647 — ^3 of this month that a woman was burnt in
the quoreU for poysong her husband."
The burial of the partly burnt remains of other women
subjected to this horrible penalty are, to our knowledge,
recorded both at Derby and York, and probably elsewhere ;
but in those cases the register entry decently veiled the
cause of death.
At Newcastle-on-Tyne, seventeen prisoners were buried
in the graveyard of St Nicholas on 13th August, 1632.
The following are a few other register entries of burials
of executed criminals, selected almost at haphazard from
a large number : —
"r63i {St. Mar/s, Reading), Aug. 11. Bur. Symon WUkes, gentle
man, executed uppon presumpson of murder, but he denied
it to death.
" r643 {St. Andrew's, Holborn), July 6. Nathaniel Tomkins Esq.
who was executed at Fetter Lane end the 5* being found to
be one of y* conspirators against this City of London, was
buried here.
"1679 {St. Mary's, Reading, Mar. 26. Robert Mathewe, Richard
Fleetwood, Thomas Grinaway, John Vasey, hanged and
buried.
"1722 {St. Mary-le-Bow, Durham), 30 August. Bur. James Graham,
a felon, he was hanged y* same morning just after Bap."

I20 PARISH REGISTERS
The following somewhat ghastly entry reminds us that
the custom of burying in coffins is a comparatively modern
one save among the wealthy classes : —
" 1608 {Poyning, Sussex). The xviij day of April was buried John
Skerry a poore man that died in the place stable, and being
brought half naked with his face bare, the parson would not
burye him soe, but first he gave a sheete and caused him to be
sacked therein, and they buried him more Christian like,
being much grieved to see him brought soe unto the grave ;
and at this time did one Thatchar dwell at the place."
Registers and churchwardens' accounts bear frequent
witness to uncoffined burials throughout the sixteenth and
seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.
The register of Great Doddington, Northants, of 1560-
1648, has a list of clerk's fees : —
" For bell and grave in churchyard, for a coffin i. o.
„ „ for a man without a coffin 8d.
„ ,, for an infant without a coffin 6d."
At Birchington, Kent, in 1638, the burial fee for "a
coffin'd person" was 8d., and for "a noe coffin'd person," 6d.
A Table of Duties in Shoreditch church, dated 1664, names
8d. as the burial fee in the new churchyard without a coffin,
and 6d. for burial in the old churchyard without a coffin.
The wording of the Burial Service in the Book of
Common Prayer clearly anticipates uncoffined burial. The
word coffin is not used ; it is always " the corpse " or " the
body," as in the rubric, "the earth shall be cast upon the
body." In Wheatley's book on the Common Prayer, first
issued in 1710, occurs the comment — "When the body is
stripped of all but its grave clothes, and is just going to be
put into the grave," etc.
In the registers of Melbourne, Derbyshire, for the year
1663, five out of the seventeen interments are specified as
buried in coffins. But the custom made slow progress. In

BURIALS 121
1698 only one burial in a coffin is named out of seventeen
funerals, and none in 1699 out of ten. In the eighteenth
century coffins began to predominate; in 171 8 there were
only two uncoffined burials out of eight.
The Commonplace book of Mr. White Watson, of
Bakewell {Derb. Arch. Soc. Journal, vol. xi. 159), has the
following entry : —
" The custom of Interment in Wooden coffins (wooden Josephs)
was on the Rev'^ Mr. Monks coming to reside here [He was vicar
from 1678 to 1724]. A corps from Sheldon was brought in
swaddling clothes, which was abolished in 1797, and was detained
in Church until a coffin was made, and the wife then took off the
flannel for her own use."
The present writer has talked in the "sixties" of last
century with more than one aged resident of Bakewell who
remembered uncoffined burials in that churchyard, and with
others who remembered the same in the churchyard of
Duffield, in the same county.
It was the custom for each parish to provide a shell or
coffin to rest on the bier for the carrying of the corpse to
the edge of the grave, when it was lifted out and lowered
into the grave in its shroud, which was wrapped round with
strips of canvas, termed swaddling clothes in the Bakewell
entry. References to these parish coffins are not infrequent
in early churchwarden accounts, such as Louth, 1521 and
1593, and St. Michael's, Cornhill, 1554. Two Yorkshire
churches, namely those of Easingwold and Howden, still
retain the old parish coffins.
Various registers contain express reference to the time
when the Act compelling registration of burials in woollen
came in force. Thus : —
" Finedon, N'hants. On the first of August, 1678, the Act of
Parliament for burying in WooUen came in force so that there
is a New Book on purpose to enter BuryaUs from that day.

122 PARISH REGISTERS
" St. John's, Peterborough. The act for burying in woollen taking
place August ye first, 1678, Xtianings and Marriages are
only registered in this book, and burialls in ye New Booke pro
vided for ye purpose.''
The burials in woollen at Helmdon, Northants, from 1678
to 1783, are registered in a separate book. The earliest of
these entries are couched in phraseology, by a would-be-
facetious minister, to throw contempt upon this extravagant
sumptuary law. Three examples will suffice : —
" 1680, June 16. Thomas Shortland, the son of Thomas Shortland
of the Parish of Helmdon, being Dead was put into a Pit-hole
and Bury'd in the churchyard of the Town above written.
Memorandum That within the revolution of eight days after the
Funerall obsequays of Thos Shortland Affidavit was brought
from a justice of Peace that the said Thomas Shortland was
well wrapt in a shirt of woUen and was let down into his
dormitory with that vestment about his corps to the great
satisfaction of a Law enjoineing that HabUiment as convenient
for the Dead.
" 1682, December 7. Frances Pickeings widdow of the parish of
Helmdon was then let downe into her grave made in the
churchyard of the vUlage aforesaid. Let the Beadle take
notice that within 8 days after y' FuneraU obseqyes of
Frances Pickeings Affidavit was brought from a neighboring
minister that the abovesaid Frances Pickeings was shrowded
only in a winding sheet made of the Fleece of good Fat Mutton.
" 1683, April 30. Betty Garland, the little Pretty daughter of Nump
Garland was then Bury'd within that little territory of the Dead
the churchyard of Helmdon. Noverint universi, that within 8
days after solemn obsequays of the said Eliz. Garland Affidavit
was brought from a neighbouring Lerite that this very
numericall Betty Garland was well wrapt in a shrowd of
woollen."
The late Mr. J. E. Bailey, of Stretford, Manchester,
made an interesting contribution to Notes and Queries
(5th S. vi. 144) in 1876, wherein he stated that during the
operation of the Burial in Woollen Act, the law was some-

BURIALS

12-

times evaded by covering corpses with hay or flowers, called
" strewings." He cited from "the registers of an adjoining
parish" entries of bodies, about the year 1706, "Buryed in

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LITTLEBOURNE, KEN'I.

124 PARISH REGISTERS
sweet flowers only." In other cases it is said that the bodies
were " not wounde up or Buryed savinge only in sweet
flowers and Hay.'' The affidavits were made to that effect.
Unfortunately the exact parishes where these curious and
exceptional entries occur are not mentioned.
The following is an example of the affidavit which had
to be brought to the minister within eight days of the burial,
certifying that the requirements of the law had been fulfilled.
Bundles of these affidavits are still preserved in a few parish
chests :
" Elizabeth Bryant, of the parish of Radmill, in the county of
Sussex, maketh oath, that Elizabeth Ford, of the parish of Rad-
mUl, in the county of Sussex, lately deceased, was not put in,
wrapt up, or wound up, or buried in any shirt, shift, sheet, or
shroud, made or mingled with flax, hemp, silk, hair, gold, or silver,
or other than what is made of sheep's wool only; nor in any
coffin lined or faced with any cloth, stuff', or any other thing what
soever made or mingled with flax, hemp, silk, hair, gold, or silver,
or any other material contrary to the late Act of Parliament for
burying in woollen, but sheep's wool only. Dated the i6 day of
Jan. 1724."
This may be appropriately followed by two examples
of the disregard of the Act by the higher classes, who
regarded it rather as a tax to be paid than a law to be
observed : —
"1603 {Rushbrooke, Suffolk), Jan. 10. The Right Hon*"'^ Henry
Jermyn Earl of St. Alban was buried in y" south side of y=
Church. Because he was buried in Linnen contrary to an Act
for burying in woolen only, therefore by order of a warrant
from a Justice of the Peace fifty shUlings was paid to the
Informer and fifty shilUngs to the Poor of y= Parish upon the
Sunday next foUowing.
"1708 {Gay ton, Northants). Mrs. Dorothy BeUingham was buryed
April 5 in Linnen, and the forfeiture of the Act payd fifty
shiUings to y'= informer, and fifty shillings to y° poor of the
parishe.''

BURIALS 125
A mortuary, or corpse-present, had its origin in the
idea that it was left by a man at his death to the parish
church or priest as a recompense for forgotten or over
looked tithes or offerings; it was quite distinct from any
burial fee to rector or vicar. It became customary to
pay as mortuary to the rector the second best animal
owned by the deceased, the best being reserved as heriot
for the lord of the manor. In default of a beast, the
mortuary claimed was the second best garment. In a
receipt roll of 1539 for the Peak jurisdiction of the Dean
and Chapter of Lichfield {Derb. Arch. Soc. Journal, vol. xi.
142-156), there is a list of 115 mortuaries, which vary from
cows and oxen to tunics, super-tunics, and cloaks or coverlets.
By an Act of 21 Henry vill, the taking of mortuaries by
rectors, a custom much abused, was considerably restricted,
and only to be taken in money at a fixed rate. Ten shillings
was the highest sum that could be levied, and that only
when the deceased had goods to the value of £^0. It was
also forbidden to be taken on any one who was not a
householder, or a traveller, or not a resident in the place
where he died.
The rector of Rype, Sussex, coolly set this Act at defiance
in almost every particular, as is shown by the following
entries which he made in the parish register : —
" WUliam Wade who ,died as a stranger, for whose mortuary, I, John
Goffe, parson of Ripe, had his upper garment which was an
olde coate, and I receaved for the same 6^
" 1634. I buried AUce Whitesides Feb. 22'' who being but one
weeke in the parish of Ripe, died as a stranger, for whose
mortuary, I, John Goffe, had a gowne of Elizabeth her
Daughter, price Io^"
On a fly-leaf of the first register book of Stanton Lacy,
Salop, there are entries of mortuaries of ten shillings each
paid to the vicar in 1639, 1640 (two), 1641, and 1643 ; also of

126 PARISH REGISTERS
similar mortuary fees paid in 1664, 1666, 1667, 1671, and
1672. The following note appears in the register of Eaton-
under-Heywood, Salop, beneath an entry of the burial of one
Thos. Linley, on March 3rd, 1717, viz.: — "A mortuary 2s.
was paid for Thos. Linley by widow." In subsequent years
there are many such entries, the amount being, in some
instances, as much as ten shillings.
It is asserted in Phillimore's Ecclesiastical Law and else
where that it is a mere vulgar error to suppose that the
arresting of a corpse for debt was ever legal. Nevertheless
there was at one time a general belief that this was the
case, as is testified by several registers. The last attempt to
carry out this odious action was as late as i6th October 18 11,
as recorded in the Gentleman's Magazine, when a sheriff's officer
presented a writ and seized a body from a funeral procession
proceeding from Hoxton to Shoreditch. Here are two
eighteenth-century register references to this outrageous and
illegal practice : —
" 1659 {Alstonfield, Staffs), Aug. 30. Humphrey Dakin, buried about
2 of the clock in the night, feareing an arrest.
" 1689 {Sparsholt, Bucks). The corpse of John Matthews, of Fawler,
was stopt on the church way for debt August 27. And having
laine there fower days, was by justices warrant buryed in the
place to prevent annoyances^but about sixe weeks after it was
by an Order of Sessions taken up and buried in the Churchyard
by the wife of the deceased."
Demanding burial fees for a passing corpse was another
absolutely illegal exaction, apparently claimed sometimes in
an honest belief that it was a lawful custom. In the event
of a corpse being carried through a parish for burial in a
further one, the minister, clerk, and sexton not infrequently
offered burial, and, if refused, claimed their full fees. We have
found instances of this claim being successfully made at

BURIALS 127
Chelmsford, Wellingborough, Boston, Duffield, and about
a score of other places. The following entry from the
Godalming registers must suffice: —
" 1608, May 8. Ye lady Ford came through ye town and paid all
duty to ye Minister Clerk and Sexton for proferring to bury
her."

CHAPTER VIII
ACCIDENTS
Deaths from various accidents — The fate of Dorothy Matley — Deaths
through cold and snow — Mining disasters — Deaths through
drowning — Escapes from death — Freaks or prodigies
THE large majority of registers simply mention the
name and date of each interment from the beginning
to the end of the entries. In a minority, however,
of cases, a brief entry is made when the death was in any
sense unusual or caused by accident. A varied list of such
entries, which could of course be greatly extended, is here
set forth : —
"1562 {Dorking, Surrey), Feb. 28. Owyn Tonny was christened ;
who (a later hand adds) scoffing at thunder, standing under a
beech was stroke to death, his clothes stinking with a
sulphurious stench, being about the age of twenty years or
thereabouts.
"1569 {St. Peter-in-the-East, Oxford), 17 June. There was buried
Wyllyoun WiUes a householder who was by misfortune kylled
withe the Whyle of his owne Weyne.
"1575 {Alstonfield, Staffordshire), June 15. Thurstan Gybbe, s. of
Eliz. Gybbe, a bastarde, slayne in falling out of a wayne by a
blowe of a piece of woode called a sorner, bur.
"1578 {Kidderminster), June 18. bd Wm sonne of Nicholas
Bettison which perrished by a fall out of the beU sellor in the
steeple and fell through all the flowers to the ground.
"1579 {Loughborough, Leicestershire). Roger Shepherd, Son in
Law to Nicholas WoUands, was slain by a lioness which was
brought into the town to be seen of such as would give money
is8

ACCIDENTS 129
to see her. He was sore wounded in sundry places, and was
buried the 26th day of August
" 1583 {St. Oswalds, Durham), Dec. 2. John Mydfurthe, slayne by
fallynge into a colepytt at Rayneton.
" 1589 {Chesham, Bucks). Moris Lewys of Kynges Langeley in
the Count, of harts pedlar being slayne in a fraye by an
other pedlar comying togeather to this towne on the fayer even
was buried 16 July.
"1591 {Chesham, Bucks). Hugh Doyot slayne by a faule out of a
cherrytree was buried 16 July.
" 1600 {Beeston-next-Mileham, Norfolk). Thomas Threlkeld, fiUus
Robti Threlkeld et Emme ux., cum in flore juventatis esset
tempore reparationis pirmacuU ejusdem Templi audaciter
minis ascendit in summitate ejusdem et supra Le Boule et
crucem pinnaculse, cruce autem frangente infeliciter cecidit in
terram et confractis ossibus vivente tamen atque loquente per
spacium duarum horarum mortuus est vicesimo nono Septembris
et sepultus tricesimo ejusdem sequente.
" 1601 {Blakesley, Northants). Richard Tomason fallinge out of
a tree as he was gatheringe ivie upon the Lordes daye tooke
his death wound and was buried the xxij day of the moneth of
December.
"1601 {Elland, Yorks), Decembris 12. Hewyus Smith de Eland
in putio carbonario occisus in HolUnghey lapsu casuque terrse
qua fuit oppressus et sufibcatus.
" 1602 {St. Mary's, Reading), July 22. Richard s. of Rich:
Edwards, this child was kiUed by a blocke that feU upon him,
which blocke was founde by the Couroners Jury to be guyltie
of his death.
" r6o3 {Chesham, Bucks). Elyzabeth widoe of John Atkins of
Berkhamsted in the Count of harts by falling out of a cherry
tree was here buried the xii**" of July.
" 1606 {Elland, Yorks). Henricus King de Cromblebotham ebrius
amissus aqua sufibcatus die dominico Decembris 7, i6c6,
inventum autem cadaver ejus in Flumine Calders Junii 11,
et sepult 13, 1607.
" 1608 {Elland, Yorks), Julius die 6. Johannes Marsh de Knowles
excom. impraeviso fustis ictu occisus subito, cujus fcetidum
cadaver tentatum fuit in templo sepelire.
" 1608-9 {Ibid.), January 26. Johannes Homer de Elande senex
tempore divinaram vespertinarum precum die dominico uxta
0

I30 PARISH REGISTERS
unam partem Strangstree aqua sufibcatus, cadaver autem ejus
inventum fuit infra fontem de Brighouse die mecurii et
insemiterio sepultum die jovis.
"1609 {Ibid.), Julius. Richardus Gleedall juvenis filius spurius
Henrici Gledall de Stainland occisus in Domo corfonaria
(public-house) in ebritate sua, improviso ictu in caput,
instrumento quo solent sordes a linteolis vestibus extundere.
R. G. slain with a battel or batledore.
" 1609 {Ibid.), September 2. Willimus Carter de Soiland cultro
occisus Nathana Carter ipsius fratre manco ante et tunc ambo
excommunicati olim in Hibemia milite.
"161 2 {Aston by Birmingham). Henrie the sonne of Richard
Blaxsiche of Erdington buried 10 Sept who was most beastly
and savidgelie slayne at Perrie w4ke by a company of lewde
fellowes the vj day of Sept. which Henrie had one weapone
but a walkinge staffe.
"16 14 {Elland, Yorks). Henricus f Henrici Ransley de Narland
setate 12 annorum die Dominico May 29, pomeridiano tempore
juxta Woodhouse aqua sufibcatus dum Rotam puerilis curriculi
vel carri in aquam delapsum cum fratre suo natu minore
comprehendere conatus fuit, frater tamen junior per aquam ad
ulteriorem ripam onirifice salvus evasit Dei beneficio.
"16 14 {Holy Trinity, Chester). John Brookes Mason who poynted
the Steple 1610 and made many showes and pastymes on the
steple of Trinity and also on the toppe of St. Peter's Steple as
many thousands did witnesse, dyed 10 July and bur 11 July
in the Church Yard broke his neck going downe a payre of
Stayres by the Church.^
" 1623 {St. Nicholas, Ipswich), Nov. 29, aet 4 months. John SteggoU
buried w. faUinge into ye fire was burnt to death in his mother's
absence, his forehead w" he was taken out beinge as red as a
cole.
"1627 {Ibid.), Dec. 7. Emme WUbey daughter of Nicholas WUbore
was buried slaine by a brick fallinge down the chymney.
" 1638 {Marshfield, Gloucestershire), vj die Augustij sepulta fuit
' Acrobatic feats on steeples, especially sliding down ropes extended from
their summits, were not infrequent in bygone days. Both Edward VI and
Philip were welcomed on entering London by rope-dancers' descents from the
battlements of St. Paul's. Among other steeples similarly used may be
mentioned those of Salisbury Cathedral, All Saint's, Derby, and St. Mary's,
Shrewsbury.

ACCIDENTS 131
Katherina Stockman who as she was a stealing Apples out of
Mr. MichaeU Merediths Orchard at Okeford gent, feU downe
from the tree beinge the sabbath day at night and brake her
necke.
" 1654 {Lyminge, Kent), June the 30th. Henry Rolphe haveinge
an hott Iron ramed into his body of wch he dyed was buried.
" r655 {St. Mary's, Reading), Dec. rs. Cathere Eldridge a servant
and Mary Welbanck, a chield, drowned together att the second
bridge from the Beare for want of a raile to the bridge in
frosty weather.
"1656 {Lyminge, Kent). Mary the wife of Thomas Beene who
dyed as shee was knelinge by her Bedside praying was buried
the 7th day of Dec.
" 1659 {Hackness, Yorks). Tewsday the Third of January was an
exceeding stormie day and dyd drive snowe verie fearsely
and that day towardes the Eveninge Richard Dickinson's wifie
of Trovdale (his house standinge under the north syde of the
hUl) shee beinge in the Chamber there feU a greate drifte of
shelfe of snowe from the hill and drave downe the House aU
but the Chimney and the next day shee was found under the
Thatch and snowe dead and their daughter and Child that
war in y* Chimney were saved aUve and foure horses that were
in the Stable were Laimed and SjKjyled and dyed, there
was also a waine broken : after she was buryed the Crowner
came and she was unburyed the xxvth day of Jann. to
be viewed, which was now as snowy and stormey as the
Tewsday.
"1667 {Litcham, Norfolk). Dorothee, the wife of Richard ColUson,
being rushed downe by a Trooper's horse as she was going in
the street, June the i6th, dyed about an houre and a half after,
and was buryed (when the coroner had sate upon it) June the
eighteenth.
" 1673 {St. Benedict Fink, London). April 23, was buried Mr.
Thomas Sharrow, Clothworker, late Churchwarden of this
parish, killed by an accidental fall in a vault, in London Wall,
Amen Comer, by Paternoster Row, and was supposed had
lain there eleven days and nights before any one could tell
where he was. Let all that read this take heed of drink.
" 1692-3 {Rushbrooke, Suffolk), Jan. i. Mr. Thomas Jermyn, son
of y° Right Honoble Thomas lord Jermyn by Mary his wife,
was buried in y* South side of the Isle of Rushbrooke Church.

132 PARISH REGISTERS
He was borne y" first day of December 1677, and was un
fortunately slaine at London Dec. 27, 1692, about eleven ih
ye forenoon, by ye fall of a Mast which ye Seamen were
raising in a stormie day, he being accidentally gotten into their
vessel. The young Gentleman was ye only survivinge heire
male of ye Honoble family of ye Jermyns, so that in all
appearance ye name and race ended with his life.
"1699 {Middleton, Lancashire). Robert Lever, BatcheUor of Arts
and Barrister at Law, son of Robt Lever of Altrington was
stript and murdered nere High Gate, in the County of
Middlesex the nth day and there died and Anno setatis suse
27 and was buried 29 July.
" 1699 {Renfield, Sussex), Jan. 3. Bur"! Joseph Tysehurst a Boy
who on Whitsunday morning fell from climbing a mag pye
nest and was smothered in a pond of mud his heels sticking
upright.
"170 1 {Barrow and Twyford, Derbyshire). Robert Stevenson of
Draicott, in the Parish of Wilne, died suddenly in Barrow
Field, near to Swarkston Field : he had a son-in-law with him
whom he had sent before to Swarkston with his waggon and
six poor horses or mares (going towards the Ferry), loaden
with cheese. He was buried in Barrow churchyard, Sunday
20th, but died Thursday loth; I having a paper under Mr.
Charles Adderly's hand of Derby, coroner, to bury him Quod
vide. He sickened in Potluckland, as he came from Utoxeter
to Twyford and so towards Swarkston.
"1701 {Chapel-en-le-Frith, Derbyshire). Edward Green, of Dor
chester, was catching a young horse, which was laid to Mr.
Adam Bagshawe, a holding them up together, an old mare of
Mr. Richard Bagshawe, of Castleton, stroak him of the brost
that he dyed and was buried in the churchyard the 15 October.
" 1 70s {Mappleton, Derbyshire). William Mawkin, a poor old man,
being long troubled with fitts of spitting and vomiting up blood
and being oftentimes brought very near to deaths door by these
fitts, was att last on ye 26 of October found dead in a field not
far from Okeover the same day that Elizabeth, wife of Rowland
Okeover, Esq., was interred at Okeover. The said WUliam
Mawkin was buried at Mapleton, on Sunday, the 28th. of
October.
"r707 {Ibid.), Dec. 8. Buried George Holmes butcher Butter-
ton in Staffordshire, who was found dead on Mapleton Calow

ACCIDENTS 133
on Sunday moming last, viz. Dec 7, having been at Ash
boum market on Saturday ye 6th, and being lost in a most
violent storm of wind and rain on Saturday night
" 1796 {Middleton Scriven, Salop). Samuel Son of Richd. and Anne
Cork was buried Dec'. 2d. He was killed by the kick of
a Horse, wliich was forfeited to the Lord of the Manor as a
Deodand.
" 1785 {Eyam, Derbyshire). Bur. 24 May, Mary Hall kiUed by
Ughtning whUe sitting in her corner chair.
"1804 {Chelsmford), 26 Oct Thirteen Hanoverians, who were
burned to death in the fire in the Spotted Dog in the backe
Street, Chelmsford, names unknown."
This is followed by the burial, on November 2, of another
Hanoverian, of whom it is also said, " name unknown." A
few particulars of this fatal disaster are given in the
Gentleman's Magazine of that date. Chelmsford, being
itself a garrison town and on the direct road from the port
of Harwich to London, frequently formed a resting-place for
moving troops. On this occasion 1 20 Hanoverians arrived
unexpectedly ; they were quartered on the premises of the
Spotted Dog, and most of them went to sleep amid straw in
the stables. The fire broke out in the night — it is supposed
through some of the soldiers smoking. When the alarm was
given, owing to these foreigners misunderstanding the working
of the latch of the door, many of them failed to escape. In
the morning the burnt remains of thirteen of the number
were discovered, and another soldier died shortly afterwards
from the injuries he had received. They were buried with
full military honours.
A highly remarkable entry in the registers of Ashover,
Derbyshire, warrants special mention and comment : —
" 1660. Dorothy Matly, supposed wife of John Flint, of this parish,
foreswore herself; whereujton the ground open, and she sanke
over hed March ist; and being found dead she was buried
March 2d."

134 PARISH REGISTERS
Full particulars of this strange event are to be found in
that curious little known treatise of John Bunyan, The Life
and Death of Mr. Badman, which was first published in 1680.
Instances are therein quoted of sudden judgment for false
swearing. " But above all, take that dreadful story of Dorothy Matley, an
inhabitant of Ashover, in the county of Derby. This Dorothy
Matley was noted by the people of the town to be a great swearer
and curser, and liar, and thief ; and the labour that she did usually
follow was to wash the rubbish that came forth from the lead mines,
and there to get sparks of lead ore ; and her usual way of asserting
things was with these kind of imprecations — ' I would I might sink
into the earth if it be so,' or ' I would God would make the earth
open and swallow me up.' Now upon the 23d of March (?) 1660,
this Dorothy was washing of ore upon the top of a steep hiU, and
was there taxed by a lad for taking of two single pence out of his pocket
(for he had laid his breeches by, and was at work in his drawers),
but she violently denied it, wishing the ground might swaUow her
up if she had them. She also used the same wicked words on
several other occasions that day. Now one George Hodgkinson, of
Ashover, a man of good report there, came accidentaUy by where
this Dorothy was, and stood still a while to talk with her as she was
washing her ore ; there stood still also a little child by her tub side
and another a distance from her calling aloud to her to come away ;
wherefore the said George took the girl by the hand to lead her
away to her that caUed her. But behold, they had not got above
ten yards from Dorothy, but they heard her crying for help, so
looking back he saw the woman, and her tub and sieve, twisting
round and sinking into the ground. Then said the man, pray to
God to pardon thy sin, for thou art never like to be seen alive any
longer. So she and her tub twisted round and round tiU they sank
about three yards into the earth and there for a while staid. Then
she caUed for help again, thinking, as she said, she would stay there.
Now the man, though greatly amazed, did begin to think which way
to help her : but immediately a great stone, which appeared in the
earth, fell upon her head and broke her skuU, and then the earth
fell in upon her and covered her. She was afterwards digged up and
found about four yards within the ground, and the boy's two single
two pence in her pocket, but her tub and sieve could not be found."

ACCIDENTS 135
Deaths through cold and snow are chiefly met with in
registers of mountainous or hilly districts. In addition to
those here cited, other instances can be gleaned from registers
of parishes round Exmoor, Dartmoor, and the Lake district.
" i6r4-is {Stamford Baron, Nhants). John Madisonne being
perished on Spitdehill in the greate snow, buried March ro.
" i6r6 {Darley Dale, Derbyshire). John the sonne of John Ward
was buried rs Dec. Perished with cold on y" moor.
" 1638 {Ibid.). Frances the wife of Robert Haslowe was buryed 28
Oct. Perished with colde on y* moor.
" 1664 {Alstonfield, Staffs), Mar. ro. Anne, w. of Tho. HUl, who
was smothered ui a snowy day on Calton Ivloor, bur.
" 1684 {Willesley, Derbyshire). Timothy Anderson of Ashley who
was found starved to death with cold within this parish was here
buryed upon the twenty sixth day of December.
" 1692 {Eyam, Derbyshire), Feb. 4. Btu. Elizabeth Trout, starved
to death in a snow on Sir WUliam (ahill 1200 ft high).
" 1 743 {Ibid.), Feb. 5. Bur. Stephen Broomhead, starved to
death in a snow, Eyam Moor.
"1772 {Mony ash, Derbyshire), 5 Feb. Buried John Alcocke
blacksmith and Rich-'* Boham. [These two men were
starved to death in coming from Winster market on Middleton
Moor and brought down to Mid. Boham was a baker and was
f** he died as they were bringing him through Fr. Black-
wall's y* on a ladder on Monday moming. They were lost
on Sat"* night 31 Jan., and found on Monday 2 Feb.
Alcocke was dead on the entrance to Oneash farm, and Boham
was f somewhere on Kenslow. The f^ of the deceased were
g* blamed for not having been in search on the Stmday
(WooUey MSS 6700)]."
Considering the numbers respectively employed in various
forms of mining, the accidental deaths in connection with
such occupations were probably as frequent in the past as in
the present The following are a few of the register-recorded
accidents of this class : —
" rs8o {Chesham, Bucks). Richard Moreton laborer was killed in a
chalke pitt and buried r7 June.

136 PARISH REGISTERS
" 1582 {Ibid.). John Overstreete Jr. slayne in a pitt and buried
r Sept
" 1601 {Burnley, Lancashire), 25 September. Georg Spenser of
Clyriger, slayne in a cole pitt.
"1604 {Walsall), August 29. Lawrence Wilcox -and John Cartter
that were killed in the Colepitt with the earth damp.
" 1669 {Derby Pall, Derbyshire). William Hogkinson and Robert
Sidwell were both buried 30 July, both dampt in a grove.
[Lead mining.]
"1673 {Ibid.). Denis Hodgkinson was dampt in a groove, buried 8 July.
" 1677 {Allendale, Northumberland), ]\me. 11. Edmund Stout, a grocer
in Easterheads, who was killed in a groove, buried in the Church.
" 1686 {Duffield, Derbyshire), Dec. nth. Buried Matthew Harrison
of Belper Lane, who was killed in a pit on the Gibbett HUl.
" 1712 {Middleton, Lancashire), 5 June. Jonathan Kaye of
Oldham p'sh killed with Damp in a pomp pitt {i.e. a well).
"1747 {West Hallam, Derbyshire). Joseph Mothershaw, John
Brown, and Charles Bennet all three killed by falling in of a Pitt
and all buried in one grave, June 7th."
The following are examples of interments after death
from drowning : —
"1574 {Grantchester, Cambs). Tres Norfolciences e CoUegio
Corporis Christi, viz., Johes Butler, Thomas Orolls, Robertus
Smith, in Amne submersi ac sepulti, 17 Mali.
"1591 {Desborough, Northants). George Homes Schoolmayster to
mayster Vavyser his children at Rushton rydde to desbr in
the evening and was drowned in desbor ryver by the wiUowes
closse there uppon Munday at night betwene the houres of
vij and viij of the clocke being the viij of Nov. and
his horse sadle and bridle was founde in the wUlowes closse
uppon the friday foUowing the xij day and so he was buryed the
satterday foUowing, the xiijth day.
"1596 {Whitburn, Durham), Sep. 4. Thomas Sharppe, Thos.
Richeson, Thomas Willkinsone of Hartlepoule, was cast away by
a tempest of ye Sea and was buried.
"Sep. 16. Thomas Hart of Hartlepoule was cast away by the sea
and buried.
" 1600 {Chipping, Lancashire), 15 Auguste. IsabeU Gregson aUas
Parker baste daughter of Thomas Parker of Grastonlee fil Meg

ACCIDENTS 137
in Botland, being by misfortunat chaunce upon a heble (plank
bridge) goinge over was drowned over a neede an ashe, beyond
Grastonlee my fatheres late house for want of a good bridge and
so carried them to Humphrey linne, were founde the same day
being Wensday the iij day of Septembe the oulde bridge being
driven dowen by a floode before.
" 1626 ( Whitburn, Durham), July r7. bur. John Burne, of Shecles,
beinge Casten forth of a Cobble and spent in the sea.
" 1654-5 {Howden, Yorks). The thirteenth of ye month of January
being Saturday at Whitgift the ferry boat unfortunately sunke
when John Pycocke and Marmaduke Marshall of Addingfleet
with sixe other persons were drowned three escaped.
"1573 {Duffield, Derbyshire). AprU loth. Robert RandaU of
Denbigh who going from a Cockfight at Duffield and being drunk
fell into water above Duffield bridge and was drowned.
^' 16-]?, {Wallingford). WiU Alcorne was buried May 17. The said
WilUam was drowned att Shillingford Ferry by rowing over
himself; his horse leaping out of the boat threw him into ye
river, as was testefied by two boys y' stood on y° shore."
The registers of sea-board parishes frequently record the
burials of drowned mariners and voyagers. ¦ Entries from
three such registers must suffice. The two first relate to
the wreck of a troopship in the Bristol Channel ; each parish
was held responsible for the burial of those cast up within
its limits.
"1735 {Minehead, Somerset), February 2 2d. Thirty-five men
women and children in one grave, drowned.
" February 23rd {Ibid.). One child and 7 men and women.
" 1735 {Dunster), Feb. 22. 19 soldiers, a boy and two women and
two children were buried which were drown'd ye day before.
[Their interment cost the parish ^9, 4s. 9d]."
The registers of the sea-board parish of Whitburn,
Durham, have frequent records of death by drowning ; four
in 1596, one in 1607, one in 161 5, one in 1625, three in 1626,
one in 1630, six Dutchmen in 1633, one in 1641, one each in
1701, 1765, and 1708, two in i7i3,onein i7i5,onein 1754, five

138 PARISH REGISTERS
in 1756, one each in 1759, 1766, and 1777, three in 1782, two
in 1784, two each in 1794 and 179S, and three in 1799.
There are various eighteenth century entries of the
burials of drowned sailors in the registers of the sea-board
parish of Warkworth, Northumberland : six in 1728, three
in 1754, one in 1757, one in 1762, one in 1769, seven in 1784,
and two in 1799,
"1784 {Long Houghton, Northumberland), Dec. 10. 10 sailers,
who were lost at sea in the great storm in Dec. 1784, bur.
"1785 {Ibid.), March 13. A mariner supposed lost in the late
dreadful storm in Dec. last ; the body much mangled, without
head, legs, or thighs, bur.
"1794 {Ibid.), Jan. 25. 3 mariners, belonging to the May-flower
of Alemouth, lost near Dunstenborough castle in the great
storm of 25 inst"
Nor must a sad tragedy that occurred on fresh water in
1635 be omitted from these register records of drowning.
In the register book of Grasmere, Westmoreland, for that
year, occurs this entry : —
" The 6 of Oct. these were all drowned in Windermere Water
in one boate coming over from Hawkshead."
The list is headed by Mr. George Wilson of Kendal, and
this name is followed by 45 others, in addition to —
" 2 more or 3 and 7 horses, and one that escaped."
One tradition has it that the victims were a large wedding
party, but a more probable supposition is that it was the
return ferry-boat from market which upset.
In connection with this grievous disaster, it may be
mentioned that the parish register of Hawkshead, Lanca
shire, is exceptionally full of accidental deaths, although
there is no reference to the wholesale catastrophe of 1635.
Between 1599 and 1699 there are records among the burials
of 14 cases of drowning, 5 of suicide by hanging, 5 instances

ACCIDENTS 139
of found dead, i murdered person, i murderer, and 10 of
various fatal accidents.
Not only do registers contain fairly numerous references
to accidental deaths, but now and again brief records of
escape from disaster, of which two examples are appended : —
" 1661 {St. Peter's, Sandwich). The 13th of October, St Peter's
Church feU down. That day the same year was a Sabbath
day, there were two sermons preached there that day, and it
fell down within six or seven hours after the people were
gone home, presently after one quarter of an hour past eleven
o'clock at night Had it feU at the time when the people
were there, the chiefest of the Town and Parish had been
kUled, and buried under the rubbish and stone and timber;
but the Lord was so gracious as to shew a miraculous mercy
in that judgement, for there were no man, woman or child
kiUed or hurt, and very few heard it The Rubbish was three
fathom deep in the middle ofthe church, the bells underneath it
"i7or {Chapel-en-le-Frith, Derbyshire). The great beU in our
steple was taken down to be cast upon Friday, 27 June, and
as it was coming down the pulleys broke and the beU feU to
the ground and brought all before it The man who was
above to guide it was one Ezekiel Shuttleworth, a joiner in
this town, he seeing the pulleys break could no ways keep
himself but came after it, a ladder with himself and a Uttle
crosse of iron in his hand, and yet by God's great preservation
had Uttle or no harm. The great beU was recast at Wigan,
6 Aug. r7oi."
The somewhat unsavoury subject of exceptional or
monstrous births ought not to be omitted, as such entries
occur from time to time in parish registers. A few examples
are appended in chronological order : —
" 1545 {Kelsall, Suffolk). Ano regis Henrie 8, 37, in June was
bom a wonder, a monster, whose father was Richarde Baldway,
of Kelsall, begotten in lawefuU matrimonie, whiche childe from
the sholders upwarde had growienge ij severaU neks w' ij feyr-
heds standinge upon them in licke quantite eche heade having
mothe, nose, eies, eares, and winde pipe goyng downe in y"

I40 PARISH REGISTERS
throte unto y° breste, whose bodye was licke the forme and
shape of all other chUdren, wiche was sene to many credable
people of Kelsall.
" 1565 {Heme, Kent). John Jarvys had two woemen children
baptized at home joyned togethee in the belly, and havynge
each the one of their armes lyinge at one of their own shoulders,
and in all other parts well proportioned children, buryed
Augt. 29.
"160 1 {Chipping, Lancashire). There was xtined at our p'ishe
chuch at Chippin the lothof December one litle small infant
called John Parkinson sonne of Ric Parkinson borne by Jaine
daughter of John Salbury of the Lund y' w^s so small in aU
proporcens saving the length as a greate mans great long
finger the head lyke an egg in quantit
"1655 {Hackness, Yorks). Grace the wyff" of WUliam Baxster
beinge aboute three weekes before her tyme was brought in
bedd the first day of December aboute three of the Clocke
in the afternoone of two children. Their bellies were growne
and joyned together from their breastes to their navells but
their navells might be seen and their faces were together but
the supposed man child was not soe longe as the daughter,
in that his face reached but to the chine of the other. [The
remainder of the long description is too unpleasant to print.
These twins were buried on December 2. J
"1672-3 {Hillingdon, Middlesex), March 12th. William, the Son
of John Poker and Jane his Wife, natus, renatus, denatus
die eodem, summa scilicet Dei miseratione tam in puerum
quam in parentes, cum monstrosus fuit Infans non ex defectu
sed excessu partium, una cum conformatione aliarum baud bona.
"1688 {Carsington, Derbyshire), September 29. Sarah Tissington,
a poor young woman, born into the world without any hands
or arms, yet was very nimble and active in the use of her
feet, with which she could not only take up things from the
ground, and play at most chUdish games with her play fellows
when she was a chUd; but also, when grown up, she could
knit, dig in the garden, and do divers other services with her
feet; she was aged 24 or 25 years, and departed this life the
day and year aforesaid ; born and buried at Carsington.
"1690 {Mitcham, Surrey). Anne, the Daughter of George Washford,
who had 24 fingers and toes, baptized Oct 19.
"1738 {Dorking, Surrey), May r6. Richard Madderson, aged

ACCIDENTS 141
29 years, and was not above three feet and three inches high ;
but in thickness grown as much as any other person. He
was aU his Ufe troubled with a griping distemper, of which
he at last died very suddenly.
¦r758 {MiTiehead, Somerset). Christopher Jones who was bom of
April last without arms or legs but otherwise perfect"

CHAPTER IX
THE PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS
The Sweating Sickness — The Plague in London — In Northampton
shire — In Derbyshire — The Eyam episode — Plague burial in
Cheshire — The Plague in the Midland Counties — In the
North of England — In the Eastern Counties — In the South and
West — The tragedy of the Dawson household — The tragedy
at Great Hampden — SmaU-pox — Inoculation — Influenza —
Scarlet fever — Obstruction — Lithotomy — The Royal Touch for
scrofula
REGISTER entries making definite reference to the
"Sweating Sickness" of 1551 are very rare. They
were probably numerous in the originals, but were
omitted, with many other notes, for' the sake of brevity,
when the parchment transcripts were made at the end of
Elizabeth's reign. The sweating sickness or " English
Sweat," a remarkable form of disease, apparently quite dis
tinct from the plague or any kind of pestilential fever, first
broke out in England in 1485 with dire results, killing in
London in one week two successive Lord Mayors and six
aldermen. It broke out again in 1507, in 15 17, and in 1528.
There was only one occurrence of it within the registration
period, namely, the fifth and last attack which happened in
1 55 1. It first appeared at Shrewsbury on 13th April, and
after spreading to other towns in Wales and the Midlands,
reached London, where it caused the deaths of 751 persons
in a single week. By the end of July it ceased in London,
went through the east of England northwards, and died out

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS 143
by the end of September. It has never, happfly, again made
its appearance. The disease began with suddenness, and was
characterised by its extremely rapid and fatal course; it
affected the rich more than the poor, specially those of dis
sipated life.
The registers of Loughborough, Leicestershire, have the
following entry under 1551 : —
" The sweat called New Acquaintance, alias Stou{)e Knave and
know thy Master, b^an 24 June."
The registers of Uffcolme, Devon, make mention, in
August 1 55 1, of "The stupgallant or the bote sicknesse."
These various names arose from the grievous way in which
young men of fashion in full health and strength were seized
almost in an instant. Hancock, in his Autobiography,
says : —
" God plagued thys realme most justly for our sinns with three
notable plages: The first was the posting swet, that posted from
towne to towne throughe England, and was named stop gallant, for
hytt spared none, for ther were dauncyng in the courte at 9 a'clocke
thatt were deadd on eleven a clocke."
This awful sickness fluctuated to the beautiful valley of
the Wye, Derbyshire. By the side of the marriage entries
of the parish of Darley Dale for the year 1551 is written,
" The sweate was this yeare." On referring to the burials,
this note is found : —
" Nine jjersons were buried from the 5th of Julye tiU the r oth,
which dyed of y* sweatinge sickenes."
There are a few references to this visitation in the London
roisters. Tliree deaths are entered in the register book
of St. Dionis, Backchurch, under 1551, as dying from
this awfully sudden disorder, and eleven in the roister of
St Antholin, headed, " In the time of y= sweating July.'' At

144 PARISH REGISTERS
St. Martin-in-the-Fields, two of the 1551 burials are followed
by the words ex sudore.
In Canon Bardsley's elaborate edition of the register of
Ulverston (1886), it is stated in the introduction that the
town was visited by the plague in 155 1. It came with great
suddenness, and though it stayed but a fortnight, its ravages
were calculated to fill the hearts of the people with horror.
This is all true save for the word " plague " ; for this should
be substituted that totally different epidemic, the fearful
Sweating Sickness. The registers do not name the epidemic,
but the year makes it quite clear. In 1549 and in 1550
there was but a single interment entered for the month of
August, but in that month in 1551 the burials numbered
forty-two. The name Plague, or Pestis, used to be given to almost
any epidemic disease which resulted in considerable mortality;
but by the time that registration began in England the term
had begun to be chiefly applied to a specific and awfully
fatal disease, otherwise known as Oriental, or Bubonic
Plague. The plague was bad in London in 1537-9, and again
in 1547-8. In the year 1550 parts of London were
afflicted ; there are a considerable number of entries of
deaths from plague in the register of St. Martin-in-the-
Fields, beginning on 27th March. It raged with greater
intensity in 1563-4, a thousand dying weekly, it is said, for
several months. The first register book of St. Andrew's,
Holborn, under date 23rd July 1563, has the entry — "Here
began the great plague." This is followed by : —
" 4 Feb. 1563-4. Here by God's mercy the plague did cease, whereof
died in the parish this year to the number of four hundred four
score and ten."
This year's epidemic was also severe in the parish of

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS 145

St. Martin-in-the-Fields; there are 177 burials entered in the
register, 145 of which are followed by the word peste. In
the register book of St. Michael, Cornhill, under 1563, there
is an entry before nth June — "The beginning ofthe plague
in this p'she " ; there were 202 burials for that year, whilst
the burials for 1562 and 1564 were 25 and 15 respectively.
In many registers during this and later plague epidemics
there is no specific mention of the plague, but the immense
i growth in the number of burials at once points to something
\ abnormal. This is clearly shown in the following brief table,
where the number of burials for 1562-3-4 a!re set forth as
taken from the registers of six city parishes : —

Burials.

1562

1563

1564

All Hallowes, London Wall .
St. Antholui ....
St. Mary, Aldermary
St Mary, WooUioth
St. Nicholas, Aeon
St. Peter's, ComhiU

15
15 13
15 5
19

8583
r28 8858
r69

8
2r 988
' 18

The registers of St. Margaret's, Westminster, show how
grievous was the visitation in that parish. Its first record is
' on 23rd June. On 27th September 14 cases of plague
sickness were interred. At St. James', Clerkenwell, the
registered deaths during 1563 numbered 172, whereas the
average about that period was only 30.
In 1575 a plague wave passed over Europe, and made
some impression in England. At St. Martin-in-the-Fields
there were fifty-three deaths from plague in that year, three in
1576, and thirteen in 1577. The registers of St. Margaret's,
Westminster, contain plague entries from 1574 to 1583. The

146 PARISH REGISTERS
City rector of All Hallows, London Wall, of this period,
usually entered the cause of death in his register; for the
year 1575 three deaths are recorded from plague, and among
other causes may be mentioned " surfett," fever, pining sick
ness, "dyed of worms," "plurysey," "strangulation and the
stone," ague, cough, " squinancie," and " pyning sickness and
thought taking." Comparatively mild or local outbreaks
continued to occur right through the reign of Elizabeth.
Thus, in this same All Hallows register, eight cases of death
from the plague are entered in 1581, nineteen in 1582, seven
in 1583, and three in 1585. Thirty-three deaths from plague
are entered in the register of St. Michael's, Cornhill, for
1582-3. One of London's greatest plagues culminated in 1593.
At St Martin's-in-the-Fields, 22 burials are followed by the
word peste in 1592, whilst the like fateful words accompany
no fewer than 169 entries in 1593.
The deaths in the three years preceding 1593 in the
parish of St Peter's, Cornhill, were 24, 28, and 17 respectively ;
but in 1595 they rose to 83. At the end of the entries for
that year^are the following comments : —
" Thear dyed in London in all, . . . 25,886
Of them of the plague in all, . . . 15,003
Within the walles and liberties, . . 8598
Without, in and out of Uberties, . . 17,288
" In a thousand five hundred ninety and three,
The Lord preserved my house and me.
When of the pestilence theare died,
FuU maine a thousand els beside."
There are 64 deaths registered at St. Mary's, Aldermary,
as occurring through the plague in 1593. Out of the 122
burials during the same period at All Hallows, London Wall,
65 are entered as caused by the plague. In the small parish
•of St. Christopher Stocks, there were 29 burials during that

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS 147
year, and against 1 5 of them " plague " is written in the
margin. The roister of St Dionis, Backchurch, records 83
deaths for 1 593 ; the word pl^ue only occurs in a single
case, but it is quite clear that this heavy roll was caused
by some unwonted epidemic, for the average burials of the
period were only nine a year. The death-roll of St. James
Clerkenwell, sprang up to 330.
There are a few definite plague deaths recorded in London
roisters for 1599, but with the accession of James I in 1603
came another terrible outbreak, which cost the metropolis
about 30,000 lives. The register book of St Peter's,
Cornhill, has the following notes at the close of the year : —
" From the 23 of December 1602 to 22 of December
1603, buried in this parish in all : num : . . 158
Of them of the plague . . . -87
Buried in aU this yeare both without and within
the Uberties, and in the 8 out parishes firom r4 JuUe 38,244
Of them of the plague .... 30,578"
The burials in the parish of St Mary, Aldermary, in 1603,
numbered 104; in the following year they only numbered
12 ; but in 1605 the pl^ue retumed, and there were 97
burials. All Hallows, London Wall, records the frightfully
heavy death-roll of 245 ; in 1602 the burials only numbered
23, and in 1604 but 20. In the parish of St. Michael's,
Cornhill, the register enters 149 burials for 1603, most of
whom are definitely said to have died of the plague; in 1604
the burials merely numbered 14. There was a like terrible
ratio of increase in the death penalty in the parish of St.
Mary, Woolnoth, for the burials numbered 117 in 1603, and
only 7 in the following year. Although there is no mention
of the plague in the register of St Dionis, Backchurch, the
burial roll, which averaged about 12, leapt up in this fateful
year to 129. At St James, Clerkenwell, the visitation was
appalling, for the burials numbered 784 in 1603, and more

148 PARISH REGISTERS
than twice the number who fell during the pestilence of 1593.
Out of these burials 336 of them occurred in the month of
August The plague raged vehemently in St Margaret's, West
minster, between June 1603 and September 1604. On nth
September 1603, 20 who Had died of the plague were buried,
and 21 on 20th October.
In the then thinly populated parish of Kensington the
visitation made itself felt. The register states, under 1603,
that " In this yeare was the great plague " ; the burials in
1603 were 31, whilst in 1602 they were 9, and in 1605 only
5. Within a few days one Richard Spervigg, his wife, three
sons, and a daughter, were all buried. The entry as to the
wife says : —
" Nov. 2. Alee wife of Richard Spervigg, the most thicke and
stink'g misty day y' ever was."
The plague continued to simmer on for several years.
In the register of St. Michael's, Cornhill, 13 plague deaths
were recorded in 1606, and 2 in 1607. The second serious
plague year for London during the seventeenth century was
1609, when the total mortality was 11,785.
From 1609 London seems to have enjoyed an almost
complete immunity from this epidemic. But the plague was
reserving its forces for the year of the accession of Charles I ;
in 1625 the mortality bounded up to over 35,000.
"St. Mary, Aldermanbury. In the year 1625, Mr. Downing, the
Curate of this Parish, his wife, three of his chUdren, and the Parish
Clerk, were victims to the plague, and the consequence was that a
hundred names were entered in the Register from recoUection."
The burials in the parish of St. Mary, Woolnoth, for that
year amounted to 81. In the registers of the little parish
of St. Christopher Stocks, 33 of the deaths of 1625 are
marked " plague." The burials for that year in the parish

The Fearefull Summer:
0%,
Lonims Cakmitie, The Countries Di(cDin>
tefic. And both their JVfiferie.
Printed hy Aurborltie in Oxferd, in the laft grcai lafeftion of die
Plague, ifi^i 5 * And now rcptinte^with fome Editions,
concecniDgthis prdient yeere, i6}6.
WiiUjtmemeHtim efthegrievfus ondAffliBtd eSate of thefammxilmae
tiiT{pt-C»Jtk l^Q Tine, with (ome cxbec rifited Totmes
or this Kingdome.
By IoH_s Taylor.

TITLE-PAGE OF "FEAREFULL SUMMER."
,. FIR5T PRINTED IH 1625.

ISO PARISH REGISTERS
of St Dionis, Backchurch, were 103, immensely in excess of
the average. It is noted that in eight cases they were buried
without a coffin, denoting hasty interment, for uncoffined
burials were only exceptional at that date in towns. The
burials at St. Michael's, Cornhill, for 1625, numbered 33; in
1624 they were 11, and in 1626 only 10. The death-rate in
the parish of St. James, Clerkenwell, for this year was
appalling: the burials numbered 1 120, No fewer than 557
plague victims were buried at St. Margaret's,, Westminster,
in the one month of September 1648.
Eleven years later came a fresh incursion of the plague
in London, when the general mortality was 10,400. Some of
the registers bear obvious witness to this epidemic, but it
would be tedious to give figures illustrative of this less fierce
epidemic of 1636. In 1637, in 1641, and again in 1647,,
the registers give proof of minor attacks, when the London
deaths from the plague were comparatively heavy.
After this last date there came a lull of nearly twenty
years in the storm waves of this foul disease, which, in
contrast to the sweating sickness, was ever most destructive
in squalid, dirty neighbourhoods, and was so specially
prevalent among the lower orders that it was often called the
Poor's Plague. This long continued immunity from attack
caused even the usual sanitary precautions of those days to
be neglected, whilst a general carelessness and coarseness of
living characterised the earlier years of the restoration of the
monarchy. At length, in 1665, nature took her revenge in a
terrific onslaught on humanity, resulting in what will ever
be known as The Great Plague of London. The approach'
of the storm was not without its heralds. A few isolated
cases of plague occurred in the Westminster parishes of St
Giles and St. Martin in November 1664, and a few occurred
in the ensuing winter. The real outbreak began in May
1665, and it took about six months to travel from the

LOND ON S
LAMENTATION. Or a fit admonifhment for Ciiy
and CouQtrcy,
Wbereia is dcfcribed certaine caules of tbis affltdion and vi-
fieatioQ of the Plague , yeare i6^t. which the Lord bath
been pleafjdtoinfli&apon us^ndwiehall what m^nes
muft be u^ to tbeLord^o giine bis mercy and favor,
with an excelleia' Spiritual} medicine robeulcd
for the prefervative both of Body and Souk.

LondoiijPrinredby E. P. for lohn Wright Junior. 1541.
TITLB-PAGE OF "LOXDON'S LAMEJSTATIOX. "
FIEST PEINTjED IX 1641.

152 PARISH REGISTERS
western suburbs of Westminster across the city to the
eastern suburbs of Stepney. The mortality rose from 43
in May to 590 in June, to 6137 in July, to 17,036 in August,
and to the appalling total of 31,159 in September, after which
it began to decline. According to the bills of mortality, the
total number of plague deaths in 1665 was 68,596. This
fearful total would doubtless have been enormously increased,
but it is estimated that about two-thirds of a population of
460,000 fled into the country to escape the contagion.
No thorough and reliable history of the Great Plague of
London has yet been written. Trustworthy contemporary
references and statements are to be found in the diaries of
Evelyn, and of that cowardly self-lover, Pepys. As to
Defoe's fascinating and apparently realistic Journal of a
Citizen, it is but a highly imaginative work of fiction, based
upon vague recollections and untrustworthy hearsay. It
may be well to set forth a few facts gleaned from the
parochial registers.
The first plague entry of 1665 in the register book of
St Paul's, Covent Garden, occurs on 12th April; it is distin
guished by the letters pla. The future cases have, for the
most part, the full word. The plague deaths during the year
were 219, and were thus divided: — May, i ; June, 3; July,
17 ; August, 43 ; September, 97 ; October, 41 ; November,
II ; and December, 3. There was a shght outbreak in this
parish in the summer of 1666, when there were 8 fatal
cases. The register books of St. Margaret's, Westminster, show
that the first burial after death from the plague in that parish
occurred on 14th June, and from that date until the end of
August there were upwards of 200 such interments. The
plague-marked burials for September were 263, and for
October, 147. In November the numbers dropped to yy, in
December to 39, and in January, 1665-6, to 13. The total

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS 153
plague burials were 759, but the actual number of deaths
was probably much in excess of this total ; for there are
many gaps left in the registers for both September and
October, pointing to hasty and irregular interments, intended
to be subsequently filled up.
Further to the west, the then sparsely populated but
large parish of Kensington did not escape. The register
for 1665 has 23 plague-marked entries.
The plague took over five weeks in moving from West
minster to the city parish of St Olave, Hart Street, as
shown by the following entry : —
"1665, 24 July. May, daughter of William Ramsey, on of the
Drap's almesmen, and y^ first reported to dye of y^ plague
in this p'rish since this visitac'on ; and was buryed in y* new
ch.yd."
Twelve days earlier, namely, on Wednesday, 12th July,
there had been collected in the church of St Olave
" Y' some of thirty-eight shillings, bemg y^ first day apoynted to
be kept as a day of pubUque humiliac'on for averting y*" plague of
pestilence." Between 24th July and 5th December 326 burial entries
with the significant " P " prefixed to them, are to be noted
in these registers.
The registers of St. Dunstan's for this terrible year
record 856 burials, 568 of which are distinguished by the
plague initial.
Among the registers of the smaller city parishes, St.
Dionis, Backchurch, shows a mortality for this year of 75 ;
St. Mary, Aldermary, gj ; St. Nicholas, Aeon, enters 27 inter
ments distinguished by " Plague," " Plag," or " PI." The
parish of St. Thomas the Apostle gives a death-roll of 158
for 1665, whilst there were but 27 interments in 1664, and
only 13 in 1666.

154 PARISH REGISTERS
At St. Peter's, Cornhill, the total mortality for 1665 was
121, and the interments are for the most part distinguished
by "Plague" or "PI"; in 1666 there are only 16 burials
registered. The mortality was awful in the widespread parish of
Stepney, to the east of the city; the deaths for the year
actually numbered 6583, including 116 sextons and grave-
diggers. In concluding these references to plague entries in the
London registers it may be remarked that no registers are
more distinct in this matter than those of St Olave's, Hart
Street. Six distinct visitations of the plague appear in the
books of that parish, (i) In 1563,49 persons were buried
in September, and 43 in October. (2) In 1578 the registers
record the burial of 15 persons in September, 12 of whom
died of the plague. Under 5th November occurs this
entry : —
" Was buried Mr. John Hodgesonne woolwynder late church
warden of the p' who died before he had given up his accounts.''
(3) The third visitation occurred in 1593. Three who died
from the plague were buried "in one pit" on 19th August
Of one household, a son, a daughter, and three servants died
within a few days. (4) This parish suffered severely from
the plague in 1603-4, especially among infants and children;
107 burials are recorded between 24th March 1603, and
30th January 1604. (5) The next plague year, 1625, was
yet more fatal; there were actually 229 interments in the
four summer months of June, July, August, and September.
(6) The references to the great plague fear of 1665, which
only spared 4 sparsely populated parishes out of 130
in and around the city of London, have already been
given. Several other parishes, in the vicinity of London, in

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS i

DO

addition to those already mentioned, afford record evidence
of pestilence. Thus the re^jisters of Twickenham show that 6j persons
died ofthe plague in 1605, and 24 in 161 5.
Northampton, on the great north road from London, was
for many centuries subject to a continuous stream of travellers
passing to and fro, and hence was peculiarly liable to
infection. In 1 570 the plague broke out in the town in the
autumn, and on 13th October the Assembly ordered all the
infected houses to be marked on the doors with " Lord have
mercye uppon us." The inscription was to be kept on the
door for twenty days after any death, the visited inmates
confined strictly to their houses, and victuals distributed at
the public cost. This plague did not die out until the end
of ]\Iarch 1579.
Northampton took stringent precautions to prevent the
terrible plague that visited England at the time of the
accession of James I entering the town, including the setting
of day and night watchmen on the south and west roads
outside the walls. But the sickness obtained foothold in
September 1603, and after ceasing in 1604, broke out again
yet more severely in October 1605, when nearly 500 perished.
There was a still worse visitation in 1638, when the death-
rate leapt up in all four parishes at an alarming rate. In
the register-book of St. Sepulchre's for this year, the following
entry occurs among the burials on 29th ^larch : — ^" Att which
time the sickness beegan." It had run its course by the end
of the year, for on ist January is entered : — " Att which time
the Lord bee praised the sickness ceased." In this parish the
deaths in 1638 were 114, though the average number for the
adjacent five years was only 18.
The following table, compiled by the Rev. R. M. Ser
jeantson from the registers of the four Northampton par
ishes, shows the mortality during the visitations of 1578

156

PARISH REGISTERS

1603, 1605, and 1638, together with the usual death
average : —

Deaths

Average

Deaths

Deaths

Average

Deaths

Averaee

in

for

in

in

for

in

for

1578.

5 Years.

1603.

1605.

5 Years.

163S.

S Years.

All Saints . , .

134

47

107

411

91

247

76

St. Giles .

21

10

20

123

22

iSs

21

St. Peter .

9

4

16

26

6

19

7

St. Sepulchre

16

7

88

65

20

114

18

Total

180

68

231

625

139

565

122

In many cases plague is written before these burial
entries ; in other instances p. or pest. Northampton again
suffered heavily from the plague in 1647, when "a new peste
house remote from the towne " was wisely provided ; but the
registers for this period are either missing or defective.^
References to the spread of the plague into different parts
of Northamptonshire are met with in various parish registers
of the county. At Grendon, in 1603, "a stranger dyed in
the hall close and there buried in regard of infeccon the xx"*
of November." The same register has twelve entries of
death from the plague in 1605.
The register of St Martin's, Stamford Baron, the parish
of Stamford within the county of Northampton, contains
evidence ofthe grievous character of the visitation of 1604.
No fewer than 125 names are there entered "wch departed
by the sicknes namely the plague"; included amongst them
is one who was "a falconer of Burghley." It may here be
mentioned that the same register gives sixteen deaths from
the plague in 1642.
^ The action of the Assembly or Town Council during all these epidemics,
from 1578 to 1647, was for the most part vigorous and much in advance of what
might have been expected. See Norttiampton Borougli Records (by Rev. Dr.
Cox)j vol. ii. 233-40.

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS 157
Another visitation was brought about in the far north of
the county towards the close of 1606, when the dread infection
was brought from London, as is set forth in the roisters of
St John's, Peterborough : —
"1606, Dea r6. Henry Renoulds was buryed Henry came from
London, where he dwelt, sicke of the plague and being
receyved by William Browne died in his house. The saide
William soon after fell sicke of the plague and died and so did
his sonne, his dat^hter, and his servant : only his wyfe and her
mayde scaped with soars. The plague brought by this means
to Peterburgh continuod there tiU September following."
When the plague was raging in the county town in 1638,
it spread from Northampton to the retired village of Wold.
Under that year occurs the register entry : —
"At this tyme the plague was in the towne : of wch there dyed
rS, not such a moneth (April-May) to be seen in all this Booke,
but it pleased Almightie God to tume from wrath to mercie so y'
there did no one dye for a long tyme after blesed be his name.
" 1638, 24 Sept Ann Rendall a poor woman who did attend on y*
infected was buryed."
In the neighbouring parish of Holcot there was a grievous
visitation in the same year ; the register shows that the death
rate, which averaged seven about that period, rose to sixty.
The Great Plague of London, 1664-5, was reflected in
different parts of Northamptonshire. At Barton Seagrave,
in 1665, seven members of the household of John Norton
died of the plague ; after the sixth entry follows : —
" God of his mercy sanctify this sad Providence and remove it
fro among us if it bee thy will ! (Even now) Elizabeth Crue (nurse
at John Norton's) dyed and was buryed Novemb i^*^ 1665. Note.
Here through y' infinite (and never to be forgotten) mercy of
C God y* pl^ue was stayed."
In the small parish of Yardley Hastings, 60 burials from
the plague are entered between 5th June and 3rd January,

158 PARISH REGISTERS
1665. Then occurs, " Mary Brown died naturally not of
this distemper."
Considering its breezy elevation, natural drainage, and
great distance from all port contamination,' the small county
of Derby seems to have been exceptionally subject to
plague visitation, according to register testimonies, during
the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. At a much
earlier date, this county probably suffered more severely
from the horrors of the Black Death of 1349 than any
other part of the kingdom. The episcopal registers at
Lichfield yield appalling proof of the deadly character of
this scourge so far as the clergy were concerned. The Derby
shire benefices at that period subject to episcopal institution
numbered 108. The average annual number of institutions
to these benefices throughout the century was seven ; in
1 346 they numbered four, in 1 347 two, and in 1 348 eight ;
but in 1349 the number leapt up to sixty-three, and in the
following year to forty-one. Seventy-seven beneficed priests
of Derbyshire (more than two-thirds of the whole number)
died in that one dread period, and twenty-two more resigned.
Nor were the regular clergy more fortunate ; the abbots of
Beauchief, Dale, and Darley, the prior of Gresley, the prior
of the Derby Dominicans, and the prioress of Kingsmead
were among the victims. If death thus seized upon the
beneficed clergy and on the superiors of religious houses, it is
reasonable to suppose that the parochial chaplains, and the
ordinary canons, monks, nuns, and friars, suffered at least
as badly. It is by no means unlikely that the rest of the
population died off in a like proportion, and that two-thirds
of the inhabitants of this county were swept away within a
twelvemonth.^ A highly interesting and exceptionally full fourteenth-
1 See Preface to vol. iv. of Dr. Cox's Churches of Derhyshire for fuller
particulars.

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS 159
century chartulary of the chantries pertaining to the church
of Crich, Derbyshire, shows the ravages that took place in
1349 in the single household of the Wakebridges of Wake-
bridge, one of the most wealthy and healthily situated in
the whole county. The calendar of obits observed by the
chantry priests of 1350 foundation shows that Sir William
de Wakebridge, the founder, buried in 1349 a brother on
17th April, a sister-in-law on 28th May, a second brother on
15th June, a third brother on i ith July, his father and a sister
on 5th August, and his wife and a second sister on nth
August. The earliest parochial register of Derbyshire of a plague
death occurs in the first register book of Darley Dale; this
parish was visited by the plague in the spring of 1558.
"1557-8. Agnes Buxton dyed of y^ plague and was buried the
i^ March.
"1558. Alice Stafford dyed of y° plague and was buryed 14""
April."
There are five other like entries during April.
During the years 1592-3, Derby suffered most grievously.
The following entries occur in the first register book of
All Saints :—
" 1592, Sept. Ricus filius Willmi Sowter Sep 3r die ex peste. The
Plauge began in Darby in the house of William Sowter
bootcher, in the parishe of All Sts in Darby, Robertt AVoode
Ironmonger and Robertt Brookhouse y" Tanner beinge then
bayliffes, and so continued in the Towne the space of 12
moneths at y' least as by the Register may appeare.
" r593, Oct. 29. About this tyme the plauge of pestilence, by the
great mercy and goodness of almighty god, stayed past all
expectacions of man, for it ceased upon a sodayne at what time
it was dispersed in every corner of this whole parishe, there
was not two houses together free from it, and yet the Lord had
the angell stey as in David's tyme, his name be blessed for ytt
Edward Bennett, minister."

i6o PARISH REGISTERS
This register book shows how very destructive the plague
was in the house where it first occurred. Richard Sowter's
death on 31st September was followed by that of his mother,
Alice, on 25th November, by his brother and sister, Edward
and Maria, on 29th November, by his brother John on
Sth December, and by his father, William, on 8th December.
There are 255 entries of plague death in this parish from
September 1592 to October 1593. The registers of St
Alkmund's record 91 plague deaths during the like period, and
those of St. Michael's 21 ; whilst those of St Peter's and St.
Werburgh's, though not specifying the cause, record 50 and
57 deaths respectively, the average in each case for the five
adjacent years being only five.
In 1637 there are 59 plague deaths entered in All Saints'
registers and 9 in those of St Alkmund. The registers
of St Peter's record 16 deaths from the like cause in
1586, and 63 in 1645 ; in the latter year it is stated that "the
plague was in Darby and the assizes kept in Fryers Close."
Hutton, the entertaining but imaginative historian of Derby,
gives a graphic account of the condition of Derby during the
plague of 1665, which, he says, visited this town at the same
time that it devastated London. Had he referred to the
register books of the five old parishes of Derby, he would
have been saved from this bad blunder ; the death rate for
that year was normal throughout the town.
Chesterfield was severely visited in 1586-7. After a
burial on 7th October, 1586, it is written in a later hand on
the margin of the register — " Here began the great Plague
in Chesterfield." From this date up to November 1587 the
deaths very far exceeded the average. The visitation carried
off whole households. Of a family named Harry, Humphrey
and Robert, sons of Robert, were buried on 24th October,
1586; Robert himself, and Elizabeth his servant, on 30th
October ; Jane, Robert's wife, on 2nd November ; John, son

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS i6i
of Nicholas Harry, on i2th November; and Nicholas on 25th
November.
The Chesterfield register for October 1603 has, in a
parenthesis, the words, " Plague at Brimington." Briming-
ton was then a township and chapelry of Chesterfield. In
Dr Pegge's Collections at the College of Arms (vol. iv.) there
is a reference to this severe visitation. He says that at that
time "Goodacre bridge was pulled down to prevent com
munication, and never rebuilt " ; the victims were buried at
Brimington. The same register book has a marginal note, after a
burial on 27th February 1608-9, to the following effect: —
" Here began the latter Plague in Chesterfield, i Plague in
1586." Judging, however, from the actual entries of burial,
this visitation was not nearly so serious as its predecessor.
The township of Belper, Derbyshire, was a mere chapelry
of the widespread parish of Duffield until the nineteenth
century. The ground round the ancient thirteenth-century
chapel was not consecrated for burial until 1793. But the
chapel yard had been largely used for burial in a time of
dire necessity at a much earlier date. In 1609 the plague so
grievously afflicted the then small population of Belper, that
between ist May and 30th September 53 persons died ofthe
plague and were interred by the chapel. The following Latin
entry, giving their names, is taken from the Duffield register: —
" Insuper hoc anno 1 609 a primo die Mail usque de ultimo Sep
tembris omnes quorum nomina hie conscribuntur mortui sunt de
Plaga apud Belpare et eorum corpora juxta capella ibm humantur.
Videz. Ux. Johis Bullivant cum duobus pueris, Alicia Taylor, Eliza
betha Berdesley, Willm Streyte, Willm Berdesley, Thomas Berdesley
cum fiUis suis, Hugo Ashberie et ejus filiis, Radus Martyn, Willm
Martyn, Johes Jackson et ux. ejus cum duobus pueris, ux. Willm
Berdesley cum Pedlere {sic), Alicia Berdesley, Thomas Robynson,
Johes Nieson et ux. ejus, Arma Myllners, Vid. CoUier cum puero,
Thomas Belye et ux. ejus cum puero, mater Thome Berdesley cum

i62 PARISH REGISTERS
puero, ux. Willm Ryley, Johes Browne et ux. ejus, Johes Peate et ux.
ejus cum duobus pueris, Thomas Birkynshawe cum famulo et puero,
ux. Thome Banforth, ux. Anthonii Fletcher cum puero, Willm Clewes
cum puero, Georgius Brinckshawe, Arthurus Cleton et ux. ejus,
Willm Potter, Johes Hardwycke — in numero Quinquegint' tres."
This visitation of 1609 can also be traced, though to
nothing like so grave an extent, in the registers of other
parts of Derbyshire. Thus at Dronfield there is the entry
of the death from plague of William Townsend, curate of
Holmesfield, who was buried on 24th March, 1608-9, '"
the chapel-yard of that hamlet.
The famous story of the plague in the retired Derbyshire
village of Eyam has been so graphically told in prose by
William Wood in his History of Eyam (first published in
1843), which has passed through numerous editions, and has
also been so well sung in the poetry of Mary Howitt, that
only a brief register summary of this extraordinarily virulent
attack need be here attempted. Eyam was a village of some
350 inhabitants in a hollow of the Derbyshire hills, with no
resident doctor, but two ministers. The one was the rector,
the Rev. William Mompesson, a young man of 27, with a
wife and two children ; the other was the Rev. Thomas
Stanley, a rector under the Commonwealth, ejected for non
conformity in 1662. Both of them played heroic parts
during the epidemic.
The first victim was George Vicars, who is said to have
received the fatal infection in a box of tailor's patterns from
London. The register shows that he was buried on 7th
September, 1665. The next victim was Edward Cooper,
who was buried on 22nd September, and there were four
other interments from the like cause later in the month. In
October the numbers had grown to 23 ; the plague deaths
during the next six months fluctuated from four to nine. The
total of those who had perished from the pest up to the

M0MPE,SS0NS WELL, PIVA.M

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS 163
beginning of June, 1666, was -jj. This number out of
a population of about 350 was sufficiently grievous; but
the fury of the plague then broke out with renewed vigour,
claiming 19 victims in June, 56 in July, and yy in August ;
by the end of this last month nearly four-fifths of the inhabi
tants had been swept away. During the latter part of June
the little churchyard perforce closed its gates ; funeral rites
were no longer read, no one thought of coflSn or shroud,
and the dead were hastily hidden out of sight in some
shallow grave or hole dug in the fields or in the gardens
round the cottages. The plague then began to slacken, in
fact there were but few fresh victims to be found ; never
theless 24 died of the pest in September. This left but a
total population of 45, and out of that small total 14 more
perished in the beginning of October. The last victim was
buried on October 11, and then at last it might be said that
the plague ceased, after having slain fully five-sixths of the
inhabitants. If it had not been for the authority of Mompesson, to
which the inhabitants bravely assented, the plague would in
all probability have spread to many of the surrounding
parishes. A boundary line was drawn round the village,
about half a mile in circuit, and marked by various familiar
objects, beyond which no one was to go. One of the August
victims was Catherine Mompesson, the rector's wife, but
the rector himself, as well as his maid-servant, escaped the
infection. In 1669 Mompesson left Eyam for the rectory
of Eakring, Notts, where he married again and died in
1708. Let the ground round the village be honoured and
hallowed, says the historian of Eyam, for there —
"The dead are everywhere!
The mountain rich ; the plain ; the woods profound ;
All the lone dellf, the fertile and the feir.
Are one vast burial ground."

i64 PARISH REGISTERS
One of these plague burial places, a quarter of a mile from
the village, known as Riley Grave Stones, is on the steep
slope of a hill in the middle of a field, and is surrounded by a
stone wall. Here are various simple tombstones to the
memory of the Hancock and Talbot families, who were laid
to rest in shallow graves. These tombstones were renovated
in 1890 by Sir H. J. Burford-Hancock, Governor of Gibraltar.
There are various known sites of plague burials in fields
and gardens up and down England, but very few of them
are marked by gravestones. Just over, however, the borders
of Derbyshire, on the high ground in Cheshire, south of
Lyme Park, and near to the noted pre-Conquest Bow Stones,
is another group of tombmarked plague burials, the victims
of an outbreak of 1646. Three of these gravestones are to
as many members of the Blakewall family who died on
26th July, 1646. Two others are to John Hampson and
his wife and three children, and to Elizabeth Hampson;
the following couplet is on the last of these : —
"Think it not strange my bones ly here
' Thine may ly thou knowest not where."
These inscriptions are set forth in Earwaker's History of
East Cheshire (ii. 314), but we noticed, during a recent visit,
that some of the lettering has disappeared. These graves
are in the parish of Taxal ; the registers between 1644 and
1651 are defective.
The Midland Counties have numerous register references
to epidemics in addition to those given with some detail as
to Northamptonshire and Derbyshire. The following must
be taken as a selection : —
"Walsall, Staffordshire, was visited with the plague in 1603.
The first death from this epidemic was one ' Richard Smyth that
died of plague,' who was buried on 30th October 1603. In the
following month there were four plague deaths ; and in January,
February, and March 1603-4, eleven such deaths are entered."

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS 165
The registers of St. Chad's, Shrewsbury, contain the
following entry: —
"1650. June — The Plaige b^an in Shrowsbure the 12** June
in Fronkwell at John Pounds hoose Thomas Heayes Esq'
Maior of Shrowsbury."
The registers of Little Marlow, Buckinghamshire, have
the following entry under the plague year of 1621 : —
" Mary, the wife of William Borlase, July 18, a gratious ladye she
was, dyed ofthe plague, as did 18 more."
At Stoke Pogis, for the same year, seven burials are
entered as dying of the plague in June and July.
The registers of Lavendon, Bucks, show that the plague
of 1665 raged in that parish with great severity; the number
of burials that year were 66, whereas the average of the
seven preceding years amounted only to ten.
The visitation of the plague at Newport Pagnell, Bucks,
in 1666, was very terrible. The registers show that the
burials for the whole of 1665 amounted to 37, but in 1666
the total was 697. The worst month was July, when 257
interments are recorded. A contemporary writer, in a letter
of 20 August, 1666, said that "Newport Panell, tho a
considerable markett towne is not left above betwixt 7 and
800 peoples."
It is stated in the registers of Ramsey, Hunts, that 400
people died of the plague in 1665. The infection is said to
have come from London in some cloth for a new coat
The registers of Durnford, Gloucestershire, show that
there was a visitation in this parish in 1627, when the
deaths, which had averaged six in the last ten years,
increased to twenty-six. Three of the interments are
described as sepultus in campis, and two as sepultus in
clause ejus.

i66 PARISH REGISTERS
At the end of the first volume of the registers of East
Retford, Notts (1573-1653), is the following recipe for the
plague : —
" In y" time of a plague let y° person either infected or fearfuU
of y' infection take a penny worth of dragon water, a penworthe of
oyle olive, Methradate r*^, and treacle i*. Then take an onion, and
fill it full of pepper when you scraped it, y" roast it ; and after y'
put it to y" liquor and strain and drink it in y" morning, and if you
take y" same at night lay soap and bay salt to your feet and sweat
upon it, and with God's blessing you shall recover. " Tho. Gylby, Vic."
The registers of the north of England bear emphatic
testimony to the fierceness of the attacks of pestilence
both in the larger and smaller towns, as well as in certain
villages. The mortality in 1579 at Newcastle-on-Tyne was very
great. The municipal authorities wrote to the bailiffs of
Yarmouth that the plague had carried off about 2000 persons
between May and Michaelmas, and they warned them to
refrain from sending vessels for coal. In 1588-9 there was
another attack of this terrible scourge, when between May
of the former year to ist Jan 1588-9, 1727 died, as recorded
in the registers of St John's.
"Died in this moneth, december, M' William Selbye maior,
and John Wilson sheriffe, r i persons in the plage ; so that in all
which hath died before this daye, being the firste of Januarie, in
this towne, it is counted by all the records, in number to be in all
1727 persons, wherof iij hundred and 40 persons in St John's;
5 hundred and 9 persons at the chapell, iij hundred at Alhalowes,
iiij hundred at St Andrews . . . and one hundred and iij persons
at St Nicholas."
The disease was again rampant at Newcastle in 1 597-8,
at the time when it was also raging in Cumberland and
Westmorland, as well as at Durham and Darlington. In

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS 167
1604 there were lOO burials of the pest registered at All Saints,
about 20 in 1609, and 160 between April and December 1610.
The numbers of pest deaths also corresponded with those
of All Saints during these years. In 1625 there was a
severe but less fierce outbreak in Newcastle, Gateshead, and
Barnard Castle.
After a pause of about ten years the plague returned
with intensified virulence in 1636. Fenwick, the religious
merchant of Newcastle of those days, wrote — " Hast thou
forgot how lord God spake to thee in that great plague
Anno 1636, when there died in half-a-yeare about seven
thousand which made thee almost desolate, thy streets
growne greene with grasse, thy treasure wasted, and thy
trading departed as thou never yet recovered it."
Nor is there any exaggeration in this estimate; the
actual registers of the town record 5552 deaths in some
eight or nine months, and in these pestilences there were
always very many deaths unregistered. The perfectly
awful character of this visitation is obvious when it is
recollected that the population of Newcastle at this date
must have been under twenty thousand.
The registers of Ravenstonedale contain no express
mention of the plague, but the presence of the epidemic in
certain well-known plague years is amply shown by the
burial registers. The mortality was abnormally high in 1579,
1588, and 1597 ; whilst in 1623 the death rate was grievous.
The interments in the last of these years (and three months
went unrecorded) numbered 48, which is 33 above the
average of that period.
In 1589 the plague broke out in Durham. In the
register of St Oswald's, the first two pest entries relate to
the family of Masterman : —
"Sept. 20. Robert Maysterman and hys wyffe Margarete Mayster-
man, of the plage.

i68 PARISH REGISTERS
" Sept. 20. Adam M'man and iiij of hys systeres buryed of y° plage
y° 26, 27, 28, 29 of September."
Against fifteen interments during October and November
is the word " plague " written.
There is the following reference to the 1603-4 plague at
Durham in the registers of St Giles' of that city : —
" Anne Ourd, wyffe of Christopher Ourd, bur. 25 Jan. So all
the hole household dyed in the vicitacion at this time, and so y"
plague ceased."
Under the year 1644 is the following entry in the
register of Eaglescliffe, co. Durham : —
" In this yeare there died of the plauge in this towne one and
twenty people ; they are not all buried in the churchyard, and are
not in the Register."
Cumberland and Westmorland, though abounding in
natural drainage, abundant water supply, and apparently
with everything tending towards health, were as much
devastated by pestilent epidemics as the overcrowded towns.
The Hawkshead registers have an entry, under Nov
ember 10, 1597, of a "pestilent sickness" brought into the
parish by one " George Barwicke," of which 38 of the
inhabitants died.
Notes in the Penrith register state that the " Plague was
in Penrith and Kendal in 1554," that there was "a sore
plague in newcastle, durrome and Dunston in the yere of
our lord god 1597," and that it raged in 1598 in Kendal,
Penrith, Carlisle, Appleby, and other places in Cumberland
and Westmorland. At Penrith it broke out on 22nd
September 1597, and continued till 13th December 1598.
"1597. 27th day of September Andrew Hodgson a foreigner was
buried. Here begonne the plague (God's punishment in
Penrith). All those that are noted with the P. dyed of the
infection, and those noted with F. were buried on the fell."

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS 169
On 27th May, there were 13 plague burials, on nth
August 17, and on 2nd September 22. The fateful letter
P is appended to 608 interments, and of these 213 are
also marked with F, denoting burial on the fell ; but probably
the registers do not include many buried in their own
gardens and elsewhere. An old inscription in the church,
renewed in recent years in brass, states that those that died
of the plague in 1 597-8 were : —
"Penrith 2260, Kendal 2500, Richmond 2200, and Carlile
II 96." It has been suggested that these numbers include all
within the particular rural deaneries. The whole district
was grievously visited at this period. At Greystoke the
average mortality of the parish rose from 45 to 182 in 1597.
The Edenhall register also shows a great mortality. Gosforth
leapt up from a death average of 13 to 56 in 1596, and
116 in 1597: Kirk Oswald from 10 in 1597 to 51 in 1598;
Crosthwaite from an average of about 30 to 267 in 1597,
and 84 in 1 598 ; and Kirkby Lonsdale from an average
under 50 to 82 in 1597, and no in 1598.
It should also be mentioned that the Penrith registers
show that the normal number of deaths in the sixteenth
century was about 50; but that in 1556 and 1557 it rose
to 105 and 196 respectively; whilst in 1587 and 1588 it
rose to the still far graver rates of 203 and 592,
A few instances of the pestilence entries must be given
from the registers of the great county of Yorkshire.
The presence of the plague at Kirkburton is clearly
indicated, although the word does not occur. In 1557 from
January to end of September there were 64 deaths, but in
1558, during the same months, there were 164 deaths.
Nor is there any explicit mention of plague in the
registers of Howden ; yet it is clear that the town suffered

I70 PARISH REGISTERS
very severely in 1579. The deaths during May, June, and
July in 1577 were 23, in the following year 25, and the like
number in 1580; but in 1579 they leapt for that period
to 127. The great pestilence of 1603 spread northwards in 1604.
It caused 3512 deaths in the city of York during the latter
year, being most severe in August and September. The
markets were stopped, the minster and minsteryard closed,
and the infected sent to Hob Moor and Horsefair, where
wooden booths were erected for their reception. The
registers of St Martin's, Micklegate, show 9 deaths in 1602,
and II in 1603; but the interments for 1604 amounted
to 68. The Patrington register for 1637 records 38 interments,
21 of which were e peste aut suspecti.
Two instances from the Lancashire registers, one town
and the other country, must suffice to illustrate the plague
entries of that county. The following' occurs in the register
of Whittington : —
"From 19"* December, unto 4"' November, 1617, it pleased
God to visit Whittington with a contagious sickness, within which
time there was sicke in this parish about two hundred, in which
time there deceased [here follow their names, the average mortality
for a year being under ten]."
The number of burials recorded in the registers of the
parish church of Preston, from nth of November 1630 to the
like date 163 1, is a little over eleven hundred; the average
number of the burials for several previous years was about
eighty per annum. A contemporary diary states that the
plague in Preston and the immediate neighbourhood "so
raged in 1630 that the town was depopulated and corn
rotted upon the ground for want of reapers."
The piteous entries of the Cheshire register of Malpas,
with regard to the visitation of 1625, are cited below. With

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS 171
regard to this county it may be further stated that between
9th October 1605 and 14th August 1606 the Stockport
registers record the burials of fifty-one persons who died of
the plague.
Although there were various outbreaks of pestilence
in such places as Colchester, Harwich, Norwich, Yarmouth,
Lynn, and Wisbeach, the Eastern Counties have fewer
register records of plague, so far as our experience goes,
than other parts of the kingdom. At Chipping Ongar, in
1574, the interment of
"Thomas, a stranger. Surgeon of London buried 28 July,"
and nine others during that year, are bracketed together as
" Died of the Plague."
Within ten miles round Boston the plague prevailed
during the latter part of Elizabeth's reign, as is shown
by the registers of Leake Frampton, and Kirton.
An entry of the year 1592 in the register of Holt,
Norfolk, records that
" A greate plage wch beganne the 4 of Auguste contiimued unto
y* 26 of Feb. followir^e."
The average annual burials at that parish were 6 ; but in
those seven months they amounted to 64.
The plague of 1665 reached Ipswich in September. In
the registers of St Nicholas, the first plague death is entered
on 1 3th September. Seven more plague deaths are entered
in that month, and fourteen more before the end of the year.
In 1666 there were seven plague entries in the same
registers. Evidence can be obtained, though by no means always
from the parochial registers, of plague attacks during the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries at almost every seaport
of the kingdom, small or large; a fact which materially

T72 PARISH REGISTERS
helps to prove that the true plague, unlike the sweating
sickness, was not of indigenous development The great
ports of Southampton and Plymouth, as well as the smaller
ports of Cornwall and the Bristol Channel, were all subject
to these severe epidemics. The following are some of the
less known register references to the plague of the south and
west of England.
The register of Cranbrook, Kent, formerly an important
centre of the woollen trade, half-way between Maidstone and
the old Cinque Porte, contains a long entry relative to a late
Elizabethan visitation : —
" In this year following, 1597, began the great plague in Cran
brook, the which continued from April the 7* aforesaid to July 13,
1598. i^' it was observed that before this infection that God,
about a year or two before, took away by death many honest and
good men and women. 2. That the judgment of God for sin was
much before threatened, especially for that vice of Drunkeness
which abounded here. 3. That this infection was in all quarters of
this Parish except Hartly quarter. 4. That the same begun in the
house of one Brighteling, out of which much thieving was committed,
and that it ended in the house of one Henry Grynnock, who was a
pott companion, and his wife noted much for incontinence, which
both died excommunicated. 5. That this infection gott almost
into all the Inns and Suckling Houses of the Town, places then of
much misorder, so that God did seem to punish that himself which
others did neglect and not regard. 6. Together with this infection
there was a great dearth at the come time, which was cause also of
much wailing and sorrow. 7. This was most grievous unto me of
all, that this judgment of God did not draw people unto repentance
the more, but that many by it seemed the more hardened in their
sin. " Now also this year others of the plague who were buried near to
their several dwellings, because they could get none to carry them
into the Church, for it was the beginning of this infection, so that
none would venture themselves. The certain day of their burials
one could not learn."
The registers of All Saints, Maidstone, show that the

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS 173
town suffered severely from the plague of 1603 ; the word
" plague" is attached to no fewer than 136 names within nine
months, though the round annual death-rate was under sixty.
The plague appeared in Chislehurst, Kent, in 1603; the
deaths, which previously averaged about ten a year, reached
a total in that year of sixty-three.
In 1603 there was a most grievous visitation of the
plague at Dorking. There were 108 interments recorded in
the parish registers ; many were buried in gardens or fields.
There was also high mortality at Strood, Kent, in 1603 ;
the registers show 44 burials during that year, though the
average yearly mortality of the period was only fourteen.
In May 1609
"Morgan his wife and 2 children the same weeke, all of the
pestilence." During the year 1550 no fewer than 70 persons were
buried at Minehead, Somerset ; the annual average of inter
ments at that time was under 20. In 1 597 there is an entry
to the effect that " ye blouddye flux raged in this year " ;
there were 57 interments. The plague was bad again in
1645, when about five times the average number of burials
took place. There was another visitation in 1652.
The adjoining town of Dunster suffered grievously from
the plague in 1645. It was in May of that year that Charles I
sent the Prince of Wales, then a boy of fifteen, to Dunster
Castle " to encourage the new levies." The Prince had just
been driven from Bristol by the plague, and the court was
not aware, as Clarendon tells us, that it was raging just as
hot in Dunster town immediately under the castle walls.
Clarendon's statement is strikingly confirmed by the parish
registers, which show that there were actually eighty inter
ments in the single month of May.
There was most terrible mortality from the plague at

174 PARISH REGISTERS
Totnes in 1590 ; the registers of that year yield the following
evidence : July — out of 42 interments, 36 of plague ; August —
out of 81, 80 ; September — 39, all of plague ; October — 37, all
of plague ; November — 25, 24 of plague ; December — 19, all of
plague. There were a few cases in January and one in
February, yielding a total of 246 plague 'deaths. No sooner
had the disease died out in Totnes than it began in Tiverton,
where the registers show that the deaths from plague and
other causes between March 1591 and March 1592 were 551,
or about one in nine of the population.
Redruth, Cornwall, had a severe visitation in 1591-92.
The register for 1591 notes that
"The Plage began Aug. 11."
A further entry on nth November 1592 states that
" The Plage ceased."
Twenty-seven deaths are entered for the single month of
June, whereas the annual death-rate about that period was
under ten.
The Plymouth registers prove that the town endured a
terrible plague visitation in 1626, when 1600 fell victims to
the epidemic.
The plague broke out somewhat severely at Basingstoke,
Hants, in 1666, in which year 46 burials are registered as its
victims. But the number was higher than this, for the
Churchwardens' Accounts state that " The plague broke out
at Basingstoke in 1666, and there are upwards of eighty
knells recorded."
The Godalming, Surrey, registers show that there were
thirty-four deaths from the plague in that parish in 1666;
some of the victims are entered as " buried in ye garden."
Two household plague tragedies demand distinct notice.
In 1625 there was a grievous visitation of the plague at

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS 175
Bradley, in Malpas parish, Cheshire. The sweeping out of
the whole family of Dawson as recorded in the Malpas
register is characterised by the dreadful and unique incident
of a dying sufferer digging his own grave : —
"Thomas JefTerie, servant to Thomas Dawson, of Bradley,
buryed the roth daye of August, in the night, he died of the
plague. " Richard, the sonne of Thomas Dawson of Bradley (that dyed of
the plague) buryed the 13th daye of August, in the night, 1625,
nihil. "Rafife Dawson, sonne of the aforesayed Thomas, came from
London about 25th Jul last past, and beinge sicke of the plague
dyed at his father's house, and soe infected the sayd house and was
buryed, as is reported, neare unto his father's house.
" Thomas Dawson, of Bradley, died ofthe plague, and was buryed
th' 1 6th daye of August at 3 of the clocke, after midnight, nihil.
"Elizabeth, the daughter of the aforesayed Thomas Dawson,
died of the plague of pestilence, and was buryed the 20th daye
August "Anne, the wyffe of John Dawson, sonne of the aforesayd
Thomas Dawson, died of the plague of pestilence, and was buryed
the 20th of August.
"Richarde Dawson (brother to the above named Thomas Dawson
of Bradley) being sick of the plague and perceyving he must die at
yt tyme, arose out of his bed, and made his grave, and causing his
nefew, John Dawson, to cast some strawe into the grave, which was
not farre from the house, and went and layed him down in the sayd
grave, and caused clothes to be layd uppon, and soe dep'ted out of
this world ; this he did because he was a strong man and heavier
than his said nefew and another wench were able to burye ; he died
about the 23d of August, 1625. Thus much he did I was
credibly tould.
" John Dawson, sonne of the above named Thomas, came unto
his father, when his father sent for him, beinge sicke, and haveing
layd him down in a dich, died in it the 29th daye of August, 1625,
in the night
" Rose Smyth, servant of the above named Tho: Dawson, and last
of yt household, died of plague, and was buryed by Wm Cooke
the 5th daye of September near the sayd house."

176 PARISH REGISTERS
The plague tragedy at Great Hampden is still more
pathetic than that at Bradley, Cheshire, inasmuch as the
register entries are written by the rector himself, the husband,
father, cousin, or master of the victims. Robert Lenthall, a
relative of the Speaker of that name, became rector of Great
Hampden in 1643. By his wife Susanna, he had two
children, Adrian and Sarah. Shortly after the plague
horrors of 1647 Robert Lenthall left Great Hampden,
married a second time, and died rector of Barnes, Surrey, in
1658.
" 1647. N.B. My daughter Sarah Lenthall was buried y' eleventh day
of August An: supra, she came fro' London to Wickham and
on y^ Saturday only to see us and so to returne y^ morrow in
y° afternoone to Wickham againe, but then fell sick and on
Wednesday morning following being y' nth of August about
an houre before Sun rise dyed of y° sickness, and so in y'
Evening we buried her in y" meade called y° Kitchenmeade
by y" hedgeside as you go downe into it on yo' left hand, a
little below y" pond at y° enterance into y^ meade ; she was
aged 14 yeares, eleven moneths and seaventeene dayes — had
she lived to Bartholomew day she had bin full 15 yeares of
age. " Susanna Lenthall my wife dep'ted this life Thursday evening
about 8 a clock y° 26 of August, she died of y" sicknes com
fortably and in peace and was buried August y" 27 by hir
daughter Sara.
" John Gardiner a child yt lived in my house died of y° sick
nes and was buried August y" 29th.
"Adrian Lenthall my sonne a hopefull yong man and were one
and twenty yeares of age dep'ted this life of y'' sicknes, Thurs
day morning a little before day breake and was buried at y'
head of his sister Sarah's grave y^ same day, being y° 2d of
Septemb. "My cosen John Pickering a lad about r3 yeares of age,
dying of ye sicknes, was buried the 25 of Septembr. 1647.
"Robert Lenthall, Rector"
Small-pox is now and again named in parish registers.

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS 177
" 1667 {Alstonfield, Staffs), April 13. Tho. and Eliz., 2 chiWren of
Thos. Stones, jun', who died of the small poxe, and wer both
hurried in one grave."
The small-pox broke out with much severity at Basing
stoke in 17 14, when the registers show that out of 76 burials
during that year 52 died from this malady; among the
victims was Mr. John Davies, the mayor. There was another
severe outbreak in this town in 1781.
"1799 {Sandon, Essex). William the son of Samuel Raven, by
Sarah his wife, was half baptized at home (being ill and
apprehended in danger of catching the smallpox if brought
to the church), Nov. 20th 1798. Received into the congre
gation Jtme 2d 1799."
Inoculation was introduced into England by Lady Mary
Wortley Montagu early in the eighteenth century, but it was
bitterly opposed for many years, especially by the clergy.
The following entries occur in the burial register of Long
Barton, Dorset : —
"1770. June 7 James Noake ; June 28 Alice Noake his wife; July
16 Robert Stayner, a child; July 20 Charles Stayner, his
brother. NB. These four last dyed of the small pox, catch'd
in the natural way, and during James Noake's Distemper,
many children and grown persons in the Parish were innoculated
(the first time this Method was introduc'd here) and all did
well. "Note that in the year 1776 the small Pox was very epidemi
cal both at Sherborne and in the Country, when the Innoculation
of that Distemper was introduced a 2d time into the Parish, and
many Persons were innoculated here by the Sherborne Apoth
ecaries, with good success, at 5s. 3d. a head."
It does not appear that inoculation was by any means
always successful ; it was sometimes fatal. Two deaths
from small-pox are entered in this same Dorsetshire register
under 1780.

178 PARISH REGISTERS
The Italian name of" influenza " for an epidemic ague first
came into England in 1743, and the casual use of the term
became more general during the epidemic of 1762. With
the severe epidemic of 1782, the Italian title became a fairly
settled term in this country and was formally adopted by
the College of Physicians. In that year a swift brief wave
of catarrhal fever swept over the British Isles. It was
most prevalent in May, June, and July, and affected from
three-fourths to four-fifths of the adult population, but
with very few fatal results. As the mortal cases were so
exceptional, it is not surprising to find this epidemic for the
most part ignored in the registers. There is, however, one
interesting reference to it in a Shropshire parish : —
"r782 {Selattyn, Salop). This year being remarkable for Cold
and Wett about Springtime, Much against the Farmers
Concerns in General, which bro't on an Disorder, of the
nature of a violent Cold, which raged so general thro'
both England and Wales and all European Countries, which
in England was commonly called the Influenza, and whicfi
happily was not very mortal. There was scarcely one escaped
this distemper."
In 1763 there were thirteen interments of infants at
Albrighton, Salop. After the last of these entries, it is
remarked in the register : —
"The Scarlet Fever carried off many Infants this year."
References to surgery in registers are highly exceptional.
The following is the pathetic entry of an early instance of
the serious operation of lithotomy made by the hand of the
patient : —
" 1630 {Hunstanton, Norfolk). Hoc anno vij die August Robtus
Burward vicarius de Hunstanton versus Londinum iter arripuit,
et post sex Hebdomodas in quibus Chirurgum ibi expectaverat,
xxij die Octobris inter horas x et xj ante meridiem pro calculo
in vesica incisus fuit par M" MuUins; et admiranda Dei

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS 179
misericordia bonitate et auxilio suffultus patienter admodum
sciosuram suetinuit; post xvj Hebdomodas feliciter fere
sanatur, et tandem xvj die Februarii felici ac prospero itinere
ad Hunstanton revertitur. Deo optimo maximo sunt gratise
ingentes. Amen."
The vicar did not, however, live for many months to
enjoy his restored health, for in the following year this entry
occurs in the register : —
" 1631. Robertus Burward sepultus erat July 3d."
The custom of the royal touch for curing scrofula or the
King's Evil has been traced back to the times of Edward the
Confessor. The Ceremonies for the Healing of them that be
diseased with the King's Evil, as they were practised in the
time of King Henry vii were printed by Mr. Hills in 1686
for the use of James II " in his houshold and chappel." The
old Latin form of Prayers at the Healing continued to be
printed in the Latin version ofthe Prayer Book as late as 1759.
This practice of touching for the King's Evil was much
resorted to by Charles I ; but it prevailed to a still more
astonishing extent after the Restoration. Between 1660 and
1682 no fewer than 92,107 persons, chiefly children, were
touched for this disease by Charles II. Certificates were
usually expected from the parish minister and wardens to the
effect that the person had not previously been touched.
Part of the ceremony consisted, according to the rubric, in
the King " crossing the sore of the sick person with an Angel
Noble ; and the sick person to have the same angel hanged
about his neck, and to wear it until he be full whole." The
temptation of obtaining a piece of gold caused not a few to
strive to be touched on various occasions.
The Merstham, Surrey, register contains the following
list of certificates granted by the rector and wardens
between 1673 and 1680 : —

To the Kings mofl Excellent Majefly, ^
"The Humble
PETITION of divers hundreds
of the Kings poore Subjefts,
Affl.aed with that grievous Infirmicie,
Called
The Kin^s Evill.
Of which by his Majeftics abfencc they
have no pofsibiHty of being cured, wanting all
meanes to gaine accefleto his Majefty, by reafon
er His abode at O x r o a s

London, Printed for fohn Wilklnjon,
Fehr. zo, jinno Dom^ 1643. i/f-i-
TITLE-PAGE OF PETITION TO CHARLES I AS TO THE
king's EVIL.

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS i8i
" Certificate to his Ma'^ about touching for ye Evill signed by y*
Rector and Churchward: of Merstham.
"To Prudennye daugtre of Will: Lovell Octob: 6° (16)73.
" To Elizabeth Richardson daugter of Eliz. Richardson Widdow
Mar. 9° 73.
" To Thomas Deane y° sonne of Sam: Deane, Nov. 8° 1674.
"To Nicholas Cooper ye sonne of John Cooper, Dec. 4°
1674. "To George Palmer ye son of William Palmer Mar. 5° 1676-7
ye Father and his sonne Harry touched before.
"To John Stanley, Labourer, Feb. 27° 1677-8.
"To Matthew Harbour April 11° 1678.
"To Jane Buckner spinster April 6° r68o. " Rich Lewis, Curate "
There are similar entries in other registers of about this
period, as at St. Mary's, Bridgwater. The applicants
eventually became so numerous that Charles II issued a
proclamation on 9th January 1683-4 appointing the times
when the touch would be administered, insisting on each
applicant bringing a certificate signed by his minister and
one or both wardens " testifying according to the truth " that
this was the first application, and ordering all ministers and
wardens to keep a register of all certificates they shall from
time to time give. In the Churchwardens' Accounts of
Stanford-in-the-Vale and Marlborough are entries of pay
ment for the King's declaration as to the Order of
Touching. After this proclamation entries as to certificates are
naturally more frequent in the registers, from which the
following are selected : —
"1684-5 {Eccleston, Lancashire), Ma.rch 21. A Certificate given to
John Brindle For being touched by his Majesty for ye K. Evil.
" 1685-6 {Ibid.), March 31. A Certificate given to Jane Hawet of
Writtington for being touched for ye Kings Evil.
" 1 685 {Hambledon, Bucks), 1 7 May. Mary Wallington had a certificate
to goe before the King for a disease called the King's Evil.

At the Court at WHITEHALL
The Ninch of fjinuan 1^82.

LordTr'ny Stal
Duke 0^" Ormond
Vukt of Beaufort
Earl of Oxford

Mr. Stcretioy Jenkins
Mr. Chmellour ofthe Exchequer
Mr. ChttnctUourt^^t Dutchy
Uri aiefjujiice Jeffiryei
Mr. Godolphin.

The Kings moft Excellent Majefty,
Barlof Huntingdon £dr/o/Bathe
HdWo/Bridgewacer Earl of Craven
Earl o/Peterborrow Earl of Nottingham
Ear/o/Chefterfield £tfr/^ Rochtftcr
Earl 0/ Clarendon ^y » Lord Sifhop of London
^ Hereas by the Grace and BWing of God, the Kings and Queens of this Realm by
many Ages paft,have had the happincfs by their Sacred Touch, and Invocation ofthe
Name of God, cocure tbofewhoaie a(Hi£ted vpith the Difeale called the Kings-
Evil ; And His Majefty in no leA meafiire than any flf- His Royal Predecenbis ha<
ving had' good fuccefs therein, and in His moft Gracious and Pious diipoiltion, be
ing as ready and willing as any King or Queen of this Realm ever was in any
thing to relieve the diftrefTes and necefliciis of His good Subjects ;. Yet in His
Princely Wifflom torefeeing that in this(as in all other things)OTder is to JDeobfervcd,
and fit times are neceflary to be appointed for the performing of this great work of
Charity, His Majefty was therefore thiS dftypleafed'to Declare in Coundl His Roy-
I al Will- and Plcafure to be. That ( in regard heretofore the ufiial times of pie-
(eniing fuch ptrlbns (br this purpose have been prefixed by His Royal Piedeceflbrs )
the times of Publick Healings fhall from henceforth be from the Feaft of M Saints, commonly called JBi48im-tidt^
till a week before Cfcri/IwM* ; and after ChrifiiHM aatil thcFirfl day of Mtrcfc, and then to ceafc till the 'Pafsionft^tek,
being times moft convenient both for the temperature ofthe feafbn, and m refpeA of Contagion which may happen
in this near accefsto His Majeftics Sacred Perfon. And when His Majefty fhall acany time think fit to go any Pro-
grefs, He will be pleafed to appoint fuch ocher^times for Hewing as fliall be moft convenient : And His Majefty doth
hereby accordingly Order and Command, That from the time "of Publifliing this His Majeftics Order, nonepre-
fiime to repair to His Majeftics Court to be Healed of ttie faid Difeafe, but oncly at, or within the times for that pur-
pofc hereby appointed as aforelaid. And His Majefty was further pleafed to Order, That all fiich as hereafter (hall
come, or repair to the Court for this purpofe, fhall bring with them Certificates under the Hands and SeaU oFnhe
Parfon, Vicar, or Minifter, and of both or one ofthe Churchwardens of the refpeilive Pariffaes where they dwell, ,
and from whence they come, teftifylng according to the truth. That they have not at any time before been touched
by.His Majefty totheintenttobehealed of chat Difeafe. And all Minifters and CKurchwardens are hereby requi
red CO be vei y carefi4 to examine into the truth before they give fuch Certificaces, and alfo to keep a Regifter of all
Certificates they fliall from time to time give. And to the end that all His Majeftics Loving Subje^ may the better
take knowledge of this His Majeftics Command, His Majefty was pleafed to" Direft, That this His Order be Read pub
lickly in all Paririi'Chitrches, and then be affixt to fome confpicuous place there; And that to that end the fame
be Printed, and a convenient Number of Copies fent to the moft Reverend Fathers in God, the Lord Arch Bifhop
of (jinterlurj, and the Lord Arch Bifliop of York, who are to take care chat the fame be diftribuced to all Parjfha
within theii refpe^ive Provinces. PHI. LLOYD.
~ L OH.t> 0 7^
Printed by the Affigns of John BiU Deceas'd : And by Hmj F31lIi,And Vmitt Ntwcmh,
Printers to the Kings moft Excellent Maiefty. ifS^
PROCLAMATION AS TO TIMES FOR ''TOUCHING,'' 1683.

PLAGUE AND OTHER SICKNESS 183
" 1686-7 {Measham, Derbyshire). Katherine Brooks that she might be
touched for the King's Evil had certificate, March 2d 1686-7.
" 1767 {Alrewas, Staffs). Edward Hall, who was touched and cured
by his Majesty King Charles 11 for the King's Evil, was
buried Jan. rgth, aged no years.''
The registers of Blakesley, Northants, mention that two
persons went, in 1683, "to London to be touched of the
King's evil."
In the second book of the registers of Hargrave,
Northants (1683-1756), is written : —
" A Register containing the names of the Persons that have been
touch'd by his Majesty to the intent to be healed of the Disease
called the Kings Evil in the Parish of Hargrave."
This " register " contains, however, only two names who
were thus touched in February 1683-4, namely, Philip and
Amy Cannard.
James Ii touched above 5000 persons during a single
progress of the year 1687. William III positively refused to
touch patients, the custom being distasteful to him on the
score of expense as well as on that of superstition. His
refusal was taken in certain quarters as a proof that he was
no rightful King. Queen Anne's ministers thought it politic to
revive the use, and the Gazette of 12th March 17 12 officially
announced the appointed time of touching. Dr. Johnson,
when a child, was amongst those then touched by Queen
Anne. The custom finally died out with the advent of
George I, "who believed in little or nothing."

CHAPTER X
HISTORICAL
Arrival of King Philip — Marian burnings — Funeral of Mary Queen
of Scots — The Armada — Elizabethan martyrs — Levies on the
clergy — Border warfare — Historic entries at Youlgreave—
Victories of Van Tromp, 1639 — Dewsbury registers — The Great
Civil War — Casualties in Northamptonshire, Derbyshire, etc. —
Register irregularities caused by the war — Tamworth registers
— The Protestation and the Covenant — The death of the
Protector and of his Relict — The Restoration — Rye House Plot
— Death of Charles 11 and accession of James 11 — Monmouth's
rebellion — The Prince of Orange
IF the vast store of national muniments at the Public
Record Office were to be destroyed and all libraries burnt,
the leading facts of English history since 1538 could
be gleaned from the parish records. Various interesting
incidents connected with the close of the reign of Henry Vlll
and of the successive reigns of his three children have been
already set forth in the extracts from the Much Wenlock
registers. Philip landed at Southampton in July IS 54) the following
entry must refer to the later arrival at the Metropolis : —
" 1554 {Trinity the Less, London). Alice Meleche the daur of John
Meleche xyened being the daie that Kinge Phillipp came from
beyond the seas and landed att Greenwich att five o'clock att
night."
There are one or two register references to the cruel
burnings for religion under Queen Mary.

HISTORICAL 185
" 1556 {All Saints, Derby), Aug. 1. A poor blinde woman called
Joan Waste of this parish, a martyr, burned in Windmill
Pit.
"1558 {Richmond, Yorks). Richard Snell h'rnt, bur. 9 Sept."
The funeral of Mary Queen of Scots secured an entry at
Peterborough : —
" 1587 {Cathedral Church of Peterborough). The Queene of Scots was
most sumptuously buried in the cathedral church of Peterburgh,
the first day of August, who was for her deserts beheaded at
Fotheringay about St. Paules day before.
" Anthony More, one of the children of the Queens Majesties
kitchen, w* followed at the Funerall aforesaid of the Queen of
Scots was buryed the iii day (of August)."
The Armada entered the Channel 19th July 1 588 ; suffered
in a series of engagements during that month ; and retreated
northward in August and September, enduring much further
loss from storms.
"1588 {St. Oswalds, Durham). Upon munday beinge the xijth day
of August, the Right honorable earle of Huntington, lord presy-
dent under O' most gracyous sufferayne lady queue elyzbethe,
caused a generall muster to be upon spenymore of all persons
within thage of xvj and Ix yeares, onely within the bysshopryke,
and no further, where weare assembled on Spenymore y° same
day to y" full number of xl thowsande men, redy to serve
hyr majesty when the shuld be called, whom god preserve
longe to rayne over us, a mother in Israeli. Amen.
"1588 {Earl Framingham, Norfolk). The rg of Nov. was a day
of Thanksgiving to God for the great and wonderful Overthrow
of the Spanish Navy which came to fight the Pope's Battle
against this Island for their Gospel, at which overthrow the
very enemies were so astonished that some of them said Christ
had become a Lutheran, and all that saw it did say that it was
the Lord's Work, so this day was appointed by our Church to be
spent throughout the realme, in preaching and praying, singing
of psalms, and giving thanks for a thankful memorial of the
Lord's merciful mercies yerelie."

i86 PARISH REGISTERS
In the spring of the year 1589, being the year after the
destruction of the Armada, a boy was baptized at Dunster,
on the Somerset coast, under the name Victorie.
The registers of St. Oswald's, Durham, contain a
vehemently worded entry as to the butchery of four Roman
Catholic priests in 1 590 : —
"May 27 Duke \ i-Semynaryes -i ,were hanged and
Hyll I .... Jpapystts I to hyr j quartered at
Hogge j "^•' j trators j majestye I Dryburne for there
Holyday-' *-and rebelles -' I horryble offences"
It will scarcely be credited that the " horryble offences " of
these four English priests consisted in the simple fact that,
being subjects of the Queen and ordained priests of the
Roman Church, they remained in their own country to
minister to their co-religionists. This offence, under the
Statute of 27 Elizabeth, subjected them to the disgusting
capital penalties of high treason.^
The long-continued rebellion of the Earl of Tyrone in
Ulster, towards the end of Elizabeth's reign, is mentioned
in at least one English register : —
" 1595 {Aston-by-Birmingham). This tyme there was a great
goinge into Ireland against the Earl of Tyrone the clergey
payed deerly. It cost the Vicar of Aston xx marks.''
The petty raids of the Border warfare are well illustrated
in the following graphic extracts of 160 1-2 from the
Penrith registers : —
" March 2d. About two of the Cloke at the fare end of
Plumpton Wall in Bowman Gill was one James Atkinson of
^ See Challoner's Missionary Priests (ed. 1878), i. 169-70. When dwelling
on the scandals of the Marian persecutions, those under Elizabeth are usually
forgotten by our historians. During the latter's reign 127 priests, 53 laymen,
and 3 women suffered violent deaths solely for their religion : see an article in
the Ctiurck Quarterly Review, vol. viii., on " The Elizabethan Martyrs."

HISTORICAL 187
Killington, a Carrier, in coming from CarUsle robed of three carriage
horses and vij p. in moneye.
" March r8th. The night last was Branton and Gillisland spoiled
by Scotts thiefs and their goods taken with prisoners. This tyme
was great spoiling and robing in this countrie, especiallie in
Cumberland, burning in Gilhsland and other places.
"March 23d. At night was Richard Wood of Plumton spoiled
by thiefs and he taken prisoner into Scotland. This tyme such
watching in Penrith in the night as was not a himdreth yeres
before, fiftie watchers neightlie.
" March 29th. This daye was Corbie spoiled by the Borderers,
and one George Salkeld killed by them.
"April 3d was the Town dyke at the Overside of Penrith
newly casten againe by the townsmen for the defence of the town
and invasion of the Borderers who do threat the same.
"April 5th. At night was Casel Carrocke spoiled by the in-
currate of pirates, borderers, thiefs, and murtherers."
The registers of Youlgreave, Derbyshire, contain a variety
of historical notes as to the opening years of the seventeenth
century. " i6or-2. Uppon ttie Sth day of this moneth of Februarii being
Septuagessima was the conspiracy by the Earles of Essex,
Rutland, and Southampton with their confederates in London.
" Upon the 19th day being thursday, Essex and Southampton
were arraigned at Westminster and found guilty by the peiares
of this land for high treason.
"The 25th day of the said moneth of Feb. being the first day
of Lent, was Robert earle of Essex executed within the town
of London.
"March 23. Our most gracious soveraigne Lady EUzabeth
quene of Englande, France, and Ireland, departed this
lyife upon Wednesday, after she had reigned most peacahlye
44 yeares, 4 moneths, r r daies.
" 1603, March 29. James King of Scotland was proclaimed Kinge
of England, France and Ireland at Baunkewill (Bakewell)
uppon Monday. Whom the Lord preserve.
And a gallant King and Queen
^¥as they and happy in their Reigns."

i88 PARISH REGISTERS
In May and June 1616, there are the entries in the
register of St. Oswald's, Durham, of seven recusants (all
women) choosing their abode in accordance with a per
secuting statute of that period.
The following is an example : —
" Memorandum that I Margret Swinburne the wif of Thomas
Swinburne Esquier of the parish of St. Oswaldes in the city of
Durham have delivered my nam and presented myself accordinge
to a statute provided for confiSrminge of recusantes within the
compas of five myles, and chuse for my aboad my now dwelling
house in Elvet aforesaide. "Margret Swinburne"
The clerk who entered the registers of Dewsbury for the
month of February 1625-26 seems to have been anxious
to air his learning and power of calculation. After writing
in the margin that
"Ouse Bridge at Yorke was broken downe sixtie and tew years
synce," he continues : " Februarye. Edmonde son of John Hage of
Oscote baptised y° seconde day beinge Thursdaye and Candlemas
daye 1625 and y" same Coronation daye of Kynge Charles An°
Dni dicte : from y° worldes creation 5575 : Noahe floude 3919.
"James son of James Pickerde baptised yt day. Synce Yorke
was built 2592 : and Yorke Minster built 697 : and Londoun was
built 2734: Carol] regis, etc., primo.
"A yonge childe being a daughter not baptised of Edwarde
Walter and Marye Claytoun basseborne buried ye vjthe daye.
"An° ^tatis Caroli regis Novemb. 19-24. A conquesto
Anglia 558 : and synce ye Israelites departed out of Egypte
3553- " Myles Cooke and Issabell Nowell married ye xijth day beinge
Sondaye Sexagesima or Sonday before Shrove Sondaye An° Dni
1625 : An" regis dni dicto primo: a mundi creatione 5575 : synce
y" begininge of Quene Elizabethe her raigne 68."
The victories of Van Tromp obtain register notice. Van
Tromp took two Spanish fleets, off the Downs, in 1639,
namely, on i6th September and 21st October.

HTSTORICAL 189
"1639 {Wadhurst, Sussex). Exit annus 1639. This yeare was
the great sea Battell (Van Tromp's action) neare unto Dover,
betwixt the mighty Armado of Spaine riding near our Coasts
neare Deale, and the Hollanders, wherein the mighty Armado,
consisting of great shippes, was vanquished by the Hollanders.
The winter was exceeding windy and tempestuous, and there
fore there was much shipwreck."
The Great Civil War of the seventeenth century naturally
left considerable traces of its ravages and disturbances
among the entries of the parochial registers throughout the
greater part of the kingdom, more particularly in the
districts where the conflicts or skirmishes were the most
constant. The county of Northampton was specially involved in
the strife. At the outbreak of hostilities between the King
and the Parliament in 1642, Northampton was held as a
garrison for the latter under Lord Brooke. In January
1642-43 the registers of St. Sepulchre's record the burial
of "Robert Hutchins, a souldear.'' In May 1643 there is
the burial entry of " A souldear who died out of goodman
Hilton's house." In October of the same year there was a
midnight skirmish of royalists under Prince Rupert before the
north gate close to St. Sepulchre's. As a result there are
five burial entries of slain soldiers. In the following year
there are several like entries, particularly about the date
of the battle of Cropredy Bridge, which was fought on
29th June. Sir William Waller, the Parliamentary general,
marched to Towcester on 7th July, and arrived at Northamp
ton on 4th July with 7000 horse and foot.
" 1644. A canoneere of S' William WaUer buried the 3d of
July. "A souldier buryed from Richard Letts, buryed the nth day
of July.
"Major Hobson was buryed from Valentine Roberts the
13th day of July.

I90 PARISH REGISTERS
" A souldier from Robert Harris was buryed the i8th day
of July."
The decisive battle of Naseby was fought on 14th June
1645. On the following day " Robert Harris, souldier under
Major Huntington," was buried at St. Sepulchre's. From
that date up to the middle of July thirteen other soldiers
found burial in this churchyard, several of whom were " un
known by name." An entry in the All Saints' register
under date 29th June 1645 states that "This month thirty
comon souldiers sepult. fuit." Doubtless many of the
severely wounded at the great fight at Naseby were brought
into Northampton and there died. Sir Edward Littleton,
a devoted royalist, who was wounded and taken prisoner,
was buried at St. Sepulchre's on 19th June, and Sir Thomas
Dallison, an officer of Rupert's brigade, at St. Giles' on
20th June. The All Saints' registers record the burial of
Captain Bush (an officer of Cromwell's own regiment of
horse), and a cornet on i6th June. In the same registers
are the burials of Captain Potter on 27th June, and of
Captain Cooke on 29th June. Captain Potter was one of
the two " Commissioners of Parliament residing in the
Army " ; Captain Cooke was " Commissary General of Horse
provisions " in the Parliamentary army. In the letter of
Mr. Thomas Herbert (the other Parliamentary Commis
sioner) to Mr. Speaker Lenthall describing the battle, the
dangerously wounded condition of both these captains is
mentioned. In the course of the following July, Cornet David, two
soldiers, and a "clarke of the band," were buried in All
Saints' churchyard, and Captain Brampton Feme at St
Sepulchre's. The following are amongst other burial entries in different
parts of the county of Northampton which were apparently
due to the Civil War disturbances : —

HISTORICAL

191

Cotterstoc

1643

Helmdon

"

CoUyweston

1644

Daventry

1644-5

CoUyweston

1645

DaventryFotheringhay

16451646

Etton

1648

Edward Spratton was buried the 2 day of Jeune,
who was slain at Mr. Norton's gates the same
day.
Mr. Thorntone, a quarter-master of the Kinges
Majesties armie was buried the firste daye of
December.
Gowen Barnes, a Drummer from London, White-
chappell, buried May l8lh.
March 18. Humfree BayUss, Quarter Master to
Sir Wm. Compton, buried.
Thomas Boivill, a wounded souldier, dyed and
was buried Sept 22.
Nov. 28. Edward Wilkesson a souldier, buried.
Gulielmus Preston occicus a milite quodam, sepult.
29 November.
Edward Rossiter by a shott from Woodecroft
House received two wounds whereof he pre
sently dyed June the 5 and on the Sth day of
the same was buryed at Etton.
Between 1645 and 1650 William Ponder signs the
Courteenhall, Northants, register as " Rector." This has
been crossed out by a successor in every instance, and the
word "Intruder" substituted.
Derbyshire was another midland county much involved
in the turmoils of the Civil War period. The entries in the
register of the great church of All Saints, Derby, are of much
interest; partial and blundering quotations have been set
forth in Burn's work : —
" 1642. The 22 of this August errectum fuit Notinghamie Vexillum
Regale. Matt. xii. 25. '
Oct. Bat at Kin ton (Edgehill) 23 day.
Nov. Bat. at Branford (Brentford) 12 day.
" 1642-3, Jan. Bat at Swarston Bridge 5 day.
,, Ashbie ye 17.
Feb. 11. Sep. William Parker, souldier under Cap: Sanders.
March. The 20th day ye Hon. Lord Brooke slaine at y°
Siege against Lichfield Close. It was yielded up
5 th day.
Ye 19th day the battell at Stafford, E. of North
ampton was slaien.
" 1643, April. The 8 day Prince Rupert Besieged y° Close at Lich-

192 PARISH REGISTERS
field wch was valiently mentained tiU ye 21 and ye took ful
quarters and with great honor marcht away.
June 4. The body of Lord Erie of Northampton formerly
slayne at Stafford was now buried in the familie vault belonging
to the Honble house of the Lord Cavendish Erie of Devon,
wch there now lyeth Elizab. Countess Shreusbi and WiUiam
Erie of Devon."
The Earl of Northampton was killed at the battle of
Hopton Heath, near Stafford, 19th March 1643. The
young Earl requested that he might have the dead body of
his father, but it was refused. Sir John Cell's account of
the transaction is as follows : —
" Within three days came a trumpeter to Colonel Gell,
from my young Lord of Northampton for his father's dead
body, whereupon he answered, if he would send him the
drakes which they had gotten from their dragoons, and pay
the chirurgeons for embalming him, he should have it ; but
he returned him an answer, that he would doe neither th' one
or th' other ; and soe Colonel Gell caused him to be carried
in his company to Derby, and buried him in the Earl of
Devonshire's sepulchre in All Hallow's Church."
The rector of Brailsford was another Derbyshire clergy
man who used the parish register for brief memoranda as to
the events of the times.
" 1648. Memorandum. C. R. began his R. 1625 March 27 ; set up
his standard at Nottingham 22 Aug. r642. Beheaded at
Whitehall 1648, Jan. 30. L" CapeU, Baron of Hadham,
beheaded at Westminster, March 9. A dear year ; oatmeale in
the north at 3d. per pound ; wheate, Winchester measure, at
i8d. a hoope, viz. at £,2. 16. 6. per load.
" 1650. Memorandum. — Gen. Cromwell went into Scotland this
year. "Car. 2^ coronatus Scotia Sconiae juxta Johnston. Sermon
preached by Mr. Robt. Douglas, minister at Edinburgh,
moderator of ye Commission of ye generall assembly. 2 Kings
ii. 12, 17.

HISTORICAL 193
"16^1. Mr. Love It. 1. j j *
-., ^-. . j-beheaded 22 August.
Mr. Gibbons/ ^
The battell of ^^'orcester 3 Sept.
James Stanley, E. of Darby, beheaded at Boulton in
Lancestyre, and Captain John Benbow at .Shrewsbury,
15 Oct Sir Timothy Fetherston beheaded at Ch^ter
22 Oct"
The register book of Coton-in-the-Elms, in the south of
the county, has one remarkable entry as to the great strife : —
" In 1643 Philip Greensmith a soldier was executed upon a
Tree at the green of Coton for deserdng his colours, ilarch srst.
The Tree dyed by d^rees."
There were various troubles in Longford parish, about
half-way between Derby and Ashborne, in 1645 : —
" The r4th day of August there were two soldiers killed, y* one
at Alkmanton pistolled with two bullets in at ye backe and out at
ye belly, his name as it said was Geoige Harris bome in Bucking
hamshire in a towne called Giimstou.
" At the same time was buried William Savage a souldier slaine at
Htingrey Bentiey hee was killed with a sword wherewith he had
many thrusts, buried the said r4th of August
" John Malley was attacked and had his house broken in sundry
places by souldiers the first of November in the night, and because
they could not get in and he would not yeild they shot him with a
sluge into the bead and soe died, and was buried the 2'^ day of
November." The following entries pertaining to the Parliamentary
strife occur in the parish registers of North Wingfield : —
" r643, 13 Dea Ann Clay, and John Platts two souldiers was
buried.
" r644, 24 Aug. Thomas Slye being a parliament souldier was
buried.
" r645, 6 Dea Patrick Turrie a souldier being sleane was buried.
" 164S-6, 23 Feb. Thomas Robin a souldier being a Scotish man
was buried-
„ 8 March. ... a souldier of the Scotts armie was buried."
13

194 PARISH REGISTERS
North Wingfield is the adjacent parish to South Wing--
field; the celebrated Wingfield Manor House, now a fine
ruin, stood in the latter parish. It was strongly fortified,
and formed a centre of petty warfare until dismantled by
order of the House of Commons in June 1646. It was
originally held by the Parliament, but in December 1643
was successfully stormed by the Royalists. It was
recaptured, after a long siege, by Sir John Gell for the
Commonwealth, in July 1644. In 1645-6 Derbyshire suffered
much from having the Scotch army quartered within its
limits, the inhabitants being bound to find them free quarters
and horses.
On i8th August 1648 came the rout ofthe great royalist
army of the Scots, under the Duke of Hamilton, at Preston.
The defeated cavalier forces disbanded themselves in Derby
shire, dispersing in various directions. Large numbers of the
infantry were arrested when vainly endeavouring to conceal
themselves amidst the hills and dales of the wild Peak
district. One of the most terrible episodes of the strife in
the Midlands was the sickening event in the church of
Chapel-en-le-Frith, which brought undying shame on all
concerned in this monstrous act of wa:nton overcrowding.
The incident is thus described in the parish register : —
"1648, Sept. II. There came to this town of Scots army led by
Duke Hambleton, and squandered by Colonell Lord Cromwell,
sent hither prisoners from Stopford under the conduct of
Marshall Edward Matthews, said told 1500 in number, put
into y° church Sept. 14. They went away Sept. 30 following.
There were buried of them before the rest went 44 prisoners,
and more buried Oct 2 who were not able to march, and the
same day y' died by the way before they come to Cheshire
10 and more."
The register book of the old town of Bruton, Somerset,
contains the following rhymed account of the successful

>

HISTORICAL 195
repulse of a Parliamentary force on 23rd February 1642-3.
In honour of this event it was customary to ring the church
bells on the eve of St. Matthias for at least a century after
the restoration of the monarchy : —
" All Praise and thanks to God still give ;
For our deliverance Mathias Eve,
By his great power wee put to flight,
Our rageing foes that Thursday night.
Who came to Plunder, Burne, and Slay
And quite consume us ere the day.
Thus he our feeble force suppUde :
In weakness most he's magnifide
Serve god with fear, on him depend
As then, soe ever, he will defend."
A few other historical references to the days of the
Commonwealth struggle may be cited from other parts of
the country. The East Riding parish of Burton Fleming
has the following register entry in 1642-3 : —
"The Quene Majesty did lie at north burton with her army
the 3* of March."
Queen Henrietta Maria landed at Bridlington Quay from
Holland on 22nd February 1642-3, and from thence pro
ceeded to York, where she arrived on 9th March.
Later references to the strife in Yorkshire of this year
occur in the registers of St. Mary's, Beverley, for 1643 : —
"June 30. Our great scrimage in Beverley, and God gave us
the victory at that tyme, ever blessed be God
" July 30- Thirteen slaine men on ye King's party was buried.
'All our Uves now at y° stake,
Lord deliver us, for Christ his sake.'
" r643 {Allhallows, Bread Street, London), the 6th of October was
buried at Lawrence Poulteney's, Captain John Jackson. He
died at Mr Gethint of his honourable wounds received at the
fight of Newbury. Colonel Harvie, with his regiment of horse

196 PARISH REGISTERS
attending ; his troops, so near as they could to the place of his
burial, and others his friends on foot, followed the bier. He
died in the faith of the gospel. Received, 1 6s. 8d.
" 1643 ( Whorlton, Durham). Mary dau. of Jude Johnson bap. 4 Feb,
w*" was the day y' all men were warned to goe against y"
Scotts and y' day was y° heavens set on fire to warn all y'
Country.
" 1646 {Bramfield, Salop). About the midel of May nine Souldiers
were buried.
" r648 {Staindrop, Durhani). William Joplin, a souldier slaine at the
seidge of Raby Castle, was buried in the church 27 Aug 1648.
Mem. Many souldiers slaine before Raby Castle, which were
buried in the parke and not registered.
" 1648-9 {Selattyn, Salop). Charles the first. King of Great Brittain,
France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, suffered Martyrdom
upon a Scaffold before the gate of the Royall Palace of
Whitehall in Westminster the thirtieth day of January. The
memory of the just is blessed."
In reading or examining parochial registers, it is not
infrequently found that they are defective or irregular from
about 1642 until the establishment of civil registration in
1653. In several cases entries are made giving the reason
for this irregularity, as is shown by the following extracts.
In the first register book of Glinton, Northants, occurs
this entry : —
" Mr. Utting being Curate and Register in y" time of Usurpation
no notes is able to be found except this Regester is defective."
There are but few entries from 1642 to 1647 in the first
register book of North Lydbury, Salop. After the year 1643
appears this memorandum : — ri643
"These years being times of wars the
Register was neglected." .

1644 16451646
I1647

" Kibworth, co. Leicester. Ano Dni 1641. Know aU men, that the

HISTORICAL 197
reason why Uttle or nothing is registered firom this year r64i
until the year 1649, was the civil wars between King Charles
and his Parliament, which put all into a conhision till then ;
and neither minister nor people could quiedy stay at home
for one party or the other.
" 1643 {Bu-rton Latimer, Northants). The three yeares following
were most of them lost in the tyme of the warre ; -k' could be
foimd was incerted as appeares. Michael Swinson being then
clerke (as hee saith) lost the notes of the names w^ hee had
taken in paper, so that they could not be ingrafted. As of
Baptizings, so of marriages and burials."
There is something pathetic in the terms of the brief
entry amid the roisters of St. Bridget's, Chester —
" 1643. Here the Register is defective till 1653. The tymes were
such  "
A great contrast in length is afforded by the explanatory
note in the roisters of Maids Moreton, Bucks : —
"A.D. 1642. This year the worst of Parliaments wickedly rebelling
gainst the best of Princes King Charles i; the kingdom
underwent most sad afiUction, especially churdies, whilst they
pretended reformation, were everywhere robbed and mined by
the RebeUs. In this Churdi of Moreton the windows were
broken, a costly desk in the form of a spread eagle gilt, on
which we used to lay Bp. Jewel's works, doomed to |>erish as
an abominable idoll ; the Cross (which, with its Ml, had like to
have broke out the brains of him who did it) cut off the steeple
by the soldiers at the command of one called Colonel Purefoy
of Warwickshire. He carried away what he could, and, among
other things, the Roister was hid : and for that cause is not
absolutely perfect for divers years, tho' I have used my best
intelligence to record as many particulars as I could come by."
" r644 {Croston, Lancashire). From May 20 tiU Feb 2 this boke
hath bee neclected by reason of wars.
" 1648 {Shipton, Salop). From the yeare of our Lord God 1644 unto
the yeare of our Lord God 1648 This Register Booke was
taken out of Shipton church and was not to be found: the
Chest wherein it was kept being Broken up by souldiers,

198 PARISH REGISTERS
whereby it cometh. to passe that aU Burings Weaddings and
all Children that were Baptized betwixt the yeare 1644 and
1648 in the parish of Shipton were not herein registed."
The Tamworth parish registers have a variety of entries
relative to the great strife, and to the consequent change
in matters ecclesiastical : —
"June, 1643. 'Towards the latter end of this month the towne and
castle of Tamworth were taken in from the enemye by the
Parlements for us under the command of Coll : W. Purefrey.
"September, 1643. About the begining of this moneth MrTheoph.
Lord was called to bee the preacher at Tamworth both by the
Governor and Tojyne but was forbid to doe any servise
publikely excepting preaching as his duty.
"May, 1644. About the latter end of this moneth of May the
honorable Comittee of Safety for the county of Warw: at
Coventry sitting fixed Theophi Lord the preacher to supply the
whole duty of the min" in Tamworth the former man that
chaUenged the place to be his goeing away about 2 months
before, and never acquainting the Towne.
" 19 June, 1646. Buried the Body of Henry son of Tho: Piccard
of Camb : an infant, his father Thom : was slaine by the
enemy in Litchfield close about March last."
The closing incidents of the life of the ill-fated Charles
are thus noted in the registers of Carisbrooke, Isle of Wight : —
" 1648. The 6th day of September. King Charles went from the
Castell to Newport to treat, and the last day of November he
went from Newport to Hurste Castle to presonn cared away
by to tropes of horse."
The Protestation and the Covenant were two entirely
separate matters, not infrequently confused by local his
torians and register students. Signatures to both of these
formal declarations are now and again found in registers or
among parish documents.
The Protestation, an idea of Pym's, was an undertaking
to defend the "True Reformed Protestant Religion," etc.,

,,„,.y......w.,^ Leagveanu a)^^:NAN'^,
for Reformation and dclrnrtM-)/
Rrli,t?ion, ihellounur .iiul iLippinfCli-
of tkc kiiis; .md. llu- Vvarr .rnd Hhy ol llu
llirci- hmt;iJ(Un.v of
Ek GLANn Scotia Ni^ .sml Ihi-lanh
]Vi- K'l-lfint'n , I^jTVri.r. kriwlrfs. iii-tiitrmrn. t'ljtz^nr l^ur,'.- '.-.<¦ Mini/irrj .t'fju- (.'ciprl . .tii.i I ,;in:i.-„.
of till f.'rtr in tJu- kin.j.Lrn.r cf ElitjUtiiJ ,iSVoti,iiid, .ixiJ [l-<''Uiid h flu- iWrid.-rir/ ,y'(,\'J hrin.! ir.i.-r-
.'rit- fcrii.f tinj hrirtj r'/i'/M j\-/','rm.-J Ki-li.^i.'n . h.irui,/ tr'i'ir <u/r rfr.i- ni.- i^l.-n .'',1^''./ ,>n,t th.- ,i.ii
rm-rrf tif^tlit- kiiujJfm/- i^f ,-'urhcrJ ijrt.l . ''jfu^iir L; r/.'- cfiri/l. the ll.'rh'ur ii/:.l li.ippi-nr.y- ,'///;/ hn.y ?'l:
t.-^r ii>iJhi.f r'.'/hriti- 'iriJ ihr^ tnir vrillttjii^- I ik-rt>: . t,'/.v?r .irtJ I'r.i.-.- .'/ //i.- hui,ul.-'n.<- ifh.-n-in ,¦
om-.r yrifalc C.-'n.ijh.jn w inrljt.lrj^ ,jiul i-iittithft.' rruii.l,- tin- tir.i.-lij'ri'iij- .iii.i 1'l.-.-.i\- l'l.'l< i •'['¦!'"'''
CU\r. .'ttiJ'ml'lr, ,irul Pr.J-i't/i-'-.r ,i/' //,,¦ Kri,'rnn:r y''t/t'f .uj.iin,) llu- tni,- S,-/:.ft,-rf. .I'lJ f--'-'  ''
rr.'f in ail rhfr.f. r/'f'rri.illr t" air? tJirr,- kitiqj,nn.r ci'fr fin,
hut' miutL lli/-ir fii,j^\ Vtun-r lUul j^rr.utrij'tuui ur.- y^ Lil^ ' rn

f't-'irr-r tTiiti rn: urn rth'ri iir,- £' I, it." ,
(¦//<-</, whcr.-.'f /fit- tlfjUi^r.ildi- /Lit,' of llir Ijiiirrli .itui kiti/jJ.
IvMu

TTT pfScot{.\l\A, iir\' pr

He oftli^ Ctiufrh art./ h Jiur.L-' ijr <'/ ^!.t^s't.^tul .in.l tin- iliri.;.

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n'lAf chit,' ifU/ii- ( iiiii-rlr .jrril h-iii i
Ifi- lutfr'ru'ii' .ll I .III. ["/'l,''-

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rr.'ftyli'jjj.'ri.i- ,i n.I . '''u/J't-r-in.^.r) f'.'r /lu- f.

fclr'tir iiTiJ i'lir Rti-li'fU-n, fjvrri utti-r FU/jrn' an J /)i-/)^r
cttce oftlrtyiv kin^tt'irke'iri f.'rrru-r tjrnixi; iitui tin- flxi'rt: f'i^ •\f ^ 'i'tl-'- 'f'r.'f'l.' <"
. {fUr" w.lhiri' .Iz-liheraticii. i-rfr/r,-,l .rrrj .uL-rr/nrt.^J I.' riiL-rhif.' ri nmliuJl >rri./
atij- C\ii'^ruii)t , IVIifrcni if.- ,i// fijj'frrilr ,tri-J •j.-li .¦•rw
lutnJs- liflcU up io ijie riw/i hj.jli C/cf f.' fwcjj'c^

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rilK SUI.IOMN LHACtm ANU t'cnivN \N r I'KI'.AMIII,!'',

HISTORICAL 199
taken by the Lords and Commons in May 1641, and sent
out for signature . throughout the country. It seems, how
ever, to have been only signed to any great extent in those
parishes where the minister or squire, or both, were of
pronounced Puritan tendencies.
The Covenant was a solemn league, originated in
Scotland in 1638, to oppose the projects of the king, and
adopted in a modified form as a treaty between England
and Scotland by the Parliaments of the former on 25 th
September 1643. It consisted of six articles, mainly
designed for the preservation of the reformed church in
Scotland and for the reformation of religion in England
and Ireland (including the extirpation of both popery and
prelacy), and also for maintaining the liberties of Parliament.
It was ordered to be signed by all over eighteen years of
age, and the names of those who refused to be reported to
Parliament. A full record of the wordy Protestation occurs in the
register of Appleby Magna in the midst of the entries of
1648. To it is prefixed a list of 144 names, beginning
with those of Sir William Joanes Knt, and Thomas Mould,
rector : —
" The Protestation made by the house of Parliament to be taken
of everyone from the age of 16 years and upwards. Anno Dom.
i64r, Feb- 27, I A.B. doe, in the presince of Almighty God,
promise vow and protest to maintaine and defend, as farre as lawfully
I may, with my Ufe power and estate of the true reformed Protestant
religion expressed in the doctrine of the Church of England, against
all Popery and Popish innovations, within this Realme contrary to
the said doctrine. And according to the duty of my Allegiance his
Majesties Eoyal Person Honor and Estate, As also the power and
priveledge of ParUament the lawful rights and Uberties of the subject,
and every person that maketh his protestation, in whatsoever he
shall doe in the lawful pursuance of the same. And to my power
and as farre as lawfully I may, I will oppose and by all good ways
and means endeavour to bring to condigne punishment all such as

200 PARISH REGISTERS
shall either by force, practice, counsells, plotts, conspiracies or
otherwise doe anything to the contrary of anything in this present
protestation contained, and further that I shall in all just and
honourable wayes endeavour to preserve the union and peace
between the three kingdoms of England Scotland and Ireland,
and neither for hope, feare, nor other respect shall relinquish this
promise, vow, and protestation."
The register book of Great Doddington, Northants, has
an entry to this effect : —
" We whose names are underwritten have made the Protestation
framed and made by the House of Commons. Antho. Warters cler."
Then follow seven written names and forty-nine marks.
At East Haddon, in the same county, are exactly one
hundred signatures or marks appended in the register to the
following declaration : —
" The Prokylation made by the Parliament the third of May
anno domini 1641 was taken and made by all us whose names and
marks are here under written and set doune (as was presented and
thought fit May twentie fift Anno predicto) the twentie of June
eodem Anno Domini 1641."
The earliest register book of Pentrich, Derbyshire,
contains 180 signatures and marks appended to this
Protestation, extending over six pages. The Kedleston
registers of the same county contain 36 signatures to the
like protest ; though in this latter case it was not read and
signed until July 1644.
As to the Covenant, it was insisted on by civil and
military authorities rather than by the ministers, and hence
the names who signed it are seldom met with in registers.
At Cherry Burton, Yorks, there is a registry entry of
November 1646 to the effect that
" All these tooke the Scottish Covenant ; under Mr. Tho. Miccle-
thwayte."

^X^ — ~-  ¦  ^
tt That we fliall in like TnanTieT, without refpecl of per
I^Cbns; itideavour the extirpation of Poper v Pfelacie (tliat tv
Church^ovTermnent byArch-Bilhop.y^Bithopy, fheir Clia noello'l
.indCotniffarxey.JDeaxLsDean^ andcLiptcrjr Arc [iclearoti.s, Jv-
all other EccleliafticaU Officers depending ontlutt
yuperltition, Herefie.vS'chifTneFrophanctioirr am
^ToeveT fliall he found to be contrary to Ibtind D(
,andtkc power of Godlinelle leUv^Tp pat take i
Mother merw tins. axid^erby beincUnger to reteivet
' their pUdues', anifKa* thcLord. tnayiic one, andhitf Naitu-
 * ^  ihe ill roc Kiti^dpttu , 

THK SOI.IOMN IJCAC.UK. ANU rOVI-'.NAN'l' -SECOND TLAUSE

HISTORICAL 20I
Fifty-six names are appended.
The death of the Protector and of his Relict both
obtained register notice.
A Yorkshire parish register may be cited, from among
several others, as containing a precise record of the Protector's
death : —
" r658 {Hackness, Yorks). His Highness the Lord Protector dyed
the 3 day of September. And Lord Richard his sonn was pro
claimed in his stead in London on Saturday being the next day,
and in Yorke and HuU upon the Tewsday then foUowinge."
As a sequel to this, the actual registry entry of the burial
of Cromwell's widow may be cited : —
" 1665 {Norborough, N'hants). Elizabeth, the relict of OUver Crom
weU, sometime Pro : of England, was buried Nov. rg."
Elizabeth Cromwell died at the house of her son-in-law,
John Clejrpole, of Norborough, who was Master of the
Horse to the Protector, and a member of his short-lived
House of Lords. Cleypole was responsible for the mutilation
of the Norborough register book, from which the entries
between 161 3 and 1646 have been torn out, as is recorded
in the following memorandum : —
" The reason of this defect in the register was because one Mr.
John Cle)^ole, a factious gentleman, then Uving in the parish of
Northborough, caused the register to be taken away fi-om mee, John
Stoughton, then rector, for which I was by the Ecclesiastical Court
then holden at St. Martin's adjudged for satisfaction the sum
of £2. lOS."
John Stoughton was rector from 1659 until his death on
15 th March 1695-6.
The exuberant royalty occasionally displayed in registers
at the time of the Restoration has now and again a sus
piciously time-serving flavour about it. For instance, the
initials appended to the following outburst in the register

202 PARISH REGISTERS
book of Barton Seagrave, Northants, show that it was
written by one William Henchman, who could not have
been a churchman, and who had been content to accept
the living at the hands of schismatics in 1657 !
" Memorandum in perpetuum. King Charles y° second (after
twelve years exUe) was (by a miracle of mercy) restored unto his
three kingdoms (his undoubted right) May 29, r66o. Soli Deo
gloria. W. H."
The following, from the register of St. Chad's, Shrews
bury, has a more genuine ring : —
" 1660, May I. King Charles the second entered London one ye
29 of this instant May after r6 yeares exile and in the 12 yeare
of his raine it being the day one wich he was borne and the
30 yeare of his age which day is yearly to be observed in memory
of his Majestie's happie restoration whom god grant long to
raine. A blessing to his Church and victorious over his
enemies.
"r66r {Tamworth), April 23. Coronation of our Dread Soveraigne
Lord Charles the Second of England, Scotland, France, and
Ireland, King Defender of the Faith whom God long preserve."
The register of Portsmouth parish has an elaborate
and illuminated entry of the marriage of Charles II
with "the most illustrious Princesse Dona Catarina, Infanta
of Portugall." They were married at Portsmouth by the
Bishop of London on 22nd May 1662.
John Wiseman, vicar of Rowington, Warwickshire,
ejected during the Commonwealth, on returning to his
benefice in the autumn of 1662, wrote in the registers : —
" By usurped Authority these many yeares wasted wrongfully out
of my liveinge."
After entering a baptism on March 14th 1662-3, he added: —
"Thus farr for halfe a yeare upon my returning to my place
againe wrote by me "John Wiseman, Vicar of Rowington"

HISTORICAL 203
The Rye House Plot is commemorated in the following
entry : —
" 1683 {Bamburgh, Northumberland), September 9, being y'
thanksgiving day for y" preservation of our gracious king his
dearest brother fi-om y° bloody conspiracy of y° fanaticks and
non-conformity ministers now in hold as being of y'
conspiritors. ..."
There is at least one ill-judged roister panegyric on
Charles II, the most selfish and sensual of our kings ; it is set
forth in the parochial records of Chapel-en-le-Frith : —
" Upon Friday, ye sixth day of this month, did our most gracious
and sovereign Lord King Charles y* 2^ of ever-blessed memory
depart this Ufe, having reigned six and thirtie years and a weeke,
to y* getting himself great honour and love, both in foreign parts
and at home, for he very much endeavoured y" estabUshment of
peace, justice, and piety, and by his wisdom was much prevalent
therein. England did (as indeed there was great cause) very much
bewail and lament y" death and loss of soe gracious a king. After
his death y' Imperial Crowne of England did lineaUy descend to
his royale Highness James, Duke of York and Albaine, brother to
y^ late King, who was crowned King of England, etc., upon St.
George's day being 23'* of April, 1685."
The Duke of Monmouth's rebellion of 1685 has left its
stamp on the parish registers of Taunton, where he was
proclaimed King on 20th of June. He was defeated at
Sedgemoor, near Bridgwater, on 6th July, and beheaded on
Tower Hill on 15 th July. Judge Jeffreys began his infamous
" Bloody Assize " at Taunton in the following August. The
registers of St. Mary Magdalene's were much interrupted
by the rebellion during June. Two soldiers were buried in
July 1685; "a King's soldier" and "two Rebel soldiers" in
August ; in September four rebels were executed, six rebel
soldiers and one king's soldier buried; and in October,
November, and December, and up to April 1686, are numerous
like entries.

204 PARISH REGISTERS
In the burial register of the parish of St. James, Taunton,
the following entries occur under 1685 : —
" July 9 was buried John Gotnell, executed for treason against
his majesty.
"The same day was buried John Birges, executed for treason
against his majesty.
" The 9 day, was executed John Grinslade, for treason against
his majesty, but buried the 10 day of July, in the year 1685."
These entries are followed by those of six others executed
on 9th of July, but buried on the loth. These nine persons
were probably part of the nineteen executed by Colonel
Kirke on the Cornhill, under martial law, on his arrival from
Sedgemoor on Thursday, the 9th July.
Judge Jeffreys caused nineteen others to be executed on
30th September 1685. The burials of two of these are entered
in the registers of St. James' on ist of October, and of one
on 2nd of October.
The advent of the Prince of Orange also obtained register
notice : —
" 1688 {Wadhurst, Sussex), Nov 4. The Prince of Orange invaded
England and landed at Torbay nigh to Dartmouth.
" Feb. 13"'. William and Mary were proclaimed King and Queen of
England ; a thanksgiving day for deliverance from papacy and
arbitrary power."
The following is the last historical entry for which space
can be found : —
"1697 {St. Mary Magdalene, Canterbury), October ye . . . the
Peace betwixt England and France was proclaimed with drums
and trumpet. Ed. Beverton Mayor."

CHAPTER XI
STORMS, FROSTS, AND FIRES
Storm of 1606-7 — The Snowstorm of 1614-15 — Later seven
teenth century storms — The frost of 1683-4 — "The great
storm" of 1703 — A late snowstorm — Aurora BoreaUs of 1716
— Earthquakes — Other eighteenth - century storms — The
Cherry Burton register — Eclipses — Comets — Fires — The
Great Fire of London
STORMS, frosts, fires, and other unusual natural occur
rences, such as eclipses, comets, and meteors, are
occasionally recorded in parish registers. The follow
ing are selected examples : —
" 1606-7 {Barnstaple, Devon). In the 20th day of Januarie there was
suche a mightie storme and tempeste from the river of Barnstaple
with the comminge of the tyde, that y' caused much lose of
goods and bowses to the valewe of towe thousand pownds,
besyde the death of one James Froste, and towe of his children,
the which his howse fell downe upon them and killed them.
This storme began at 3 of clocke in the morninge and continued
tyll r2 of clock of same daye. Per me Robte Langdon,
Clarcke, teste.
" 1606-7 {Ibid.). In the year of o"' Lord God 1607, in Januarie, the
river of Barnstaple was so frozen that manye hundred people
did walke over hande in hande from the Bridge unto Castell
Rocke with staves in ther hands as safe as they could go on the
drye grounde, being y° very same moneth the floud was.
" teste Robte Langdon, Clarck of Barum
" 1607 {Boughton, Northants). This yeare (1607) on the tuesday in
Whitson weeke there fell such a hayle storme that it brake the
strawe of the rye then growinge in the bridge Fielde that it

206 PARISH REGISTERS
coulde not growe to the greate losse of all the inhabitants and
did little hurt in any fielde but this, the hailstones were generally
3 inches about, some cornerde and some flatt like fygges. God
grant us repentance."
Towards the end of January 1614-15 there began a series
of heavy snowstorms throughout England, which continued,
without any long pauses, until the middle of March. The
fullest and most remarkable of the register entries of this
series of storms are those of Yorkshire and Derbyshire.
In the register book of Beeston-next-Mileham, Norfolk,
there is a very long entry recording this great snow, which
began on 21st of January 1614-15, and did not begin to
melt away until the i6th of the following March. Three
men were found dead in the open fields.
'¦'¦{Framlingham, Suffolk). The 21st of Januarie Ano 1614 ther was
sutch a Water at the Mill Bridge as the like was never scene
in any man's time then lyveynge, and the next daye began the
great Snowe, wch laye full seaven weekes.
" {Almandbury, York). In this year i6r4-i5 so great a fall of snow
as was not known in the memory of any living ; far exceeding
that in 1540 in magnitude and duration; in which many
traveUers as well as inhabitants at Saddleworth perished.
" {Alstonfield, Staffs), Jan 20: 1614-15. The great Snow began to
fall, and so continued increaseing the most dayes until the 12
of March.
" {Morley, Derbyshire), March 12 (1614-15), ye great snow broke
wch had continewed from Friday seaven weakes before.
" Note. This yeare after the great Snowe foUowed a great
Drought which continued the most part of Soumer."
"{Youlgreave, Derbyshire). — A Memoriall of the Great Snow
Beginninge This year 1614-5 Jan. 16 began the greatest
Jan. 16. snow snow (sic) which ever fell uppon the earth,
within man's memorye. It covered the earth
An elne deep fyve quarters deep upon the playne. And for
uppon the heaps or drifts of snow, they were very deep ; so
playne ground, that passengers both horse and foot, passed

STORMS, FROSTS, AND FIRES 207
over gates, hedges and walles. It fell at ro
severaU tymes and the last was the greatest, to
the greate admiration and feare of all the land.
East, West, for it came from the fowre p** of the world, so
North, South, that all cuntryes were full, yea the South p'" as
March r2. well as these mountaynes. It continued by
daily encreasing until the 12 th day of March
(without the sight of any earth, eyther uppon
hiUes or vaUeyes) uppon w"" day (being the
Sabboth. Lorde's Daye) it began to decreasse ; and so by
little and little consumed and wasted away, till
End 28 Man. the eight and twentyth day of May for then all
the heapes or drifts of snow were consumed,
except one uppon Kinder's Scowt, w"" lay till
Witson week and after."
" Hynderances and Losses in this Peake Cutry by the
Snowe Abovesayd
" r. It hyndered the seed tyme. A very cold spring.
" 2. It consumed much fodder (multitude of sheep, cause, con
tinuance of cold wether).
" 3. And many wanted fewell ; otherwyse few were smothered in
the faU or drownded in the passage ; in regard the floods of water
were not great though many.
' The Name of our Lord be Praysed.'
" The spring was so cold and so late that much cattell was in
very great daunger and some dyed.
" There also fell ten lesse snowes in Aprill, some a foote deep,
some lesse, but none continued long. Uppon May day, in the
morning, instead of fetching fflowers, the youthes brought in flakes
of snow, w*" lay above a foot deep uppon the moores and mountaynes.
All these aforesayd snows vanished away and thoed with Uttle or no
rayne."
" r6i5 — A Dry Summer
" There was no rayne fell uppon the earth from the 25th day
of March until the 2nd day of May, and there then was no shower ;
after which there fell none tyll the i Sth day of June, an then there
feU another ; after y' there fell none at all tyU the 4th day of August,
after which tyme there was sufficient rayne uppon the earth; so
that the greattest p' of this land, speciaUy the south p" were burnt

2o8 PARISH REGISTERS
upp, both come and hay. An ordinary Sumer load of hay was at
2 //. and little or none to be got for money.
"This p' of the peake was very sore burnt upp, only Lanki-
shyre and Cheshyre had rayne ynough all the Suiner; and both
corne and hay sufficient.
" There was very little rayne feU the last winter, but snow onely."
Other storms of the seventeenth century are occasion
ally commemorated.
" 1617 {Etton, Northants). About the 25 of February it began and
continued snowing until the sixth day at night of March. And
the summer before was great store of Rayne and floode.
"H. Maplesden, Curate''
The registers of Castle Church, Stafford, have the follow
ing entry under 1621 : —
"The windy Thursday was 21 March 1593, and the windy
Monday was 28 Jan. 1627."
" 1655 {Howden, Yorks). This yeare in ye Moneth of August fell a
great Raine wherr in some places the waters exceeded their
Boundes swept away much Hay some Corne, and other Hay
corrupted by the unseasonable Season (y' like scarce memor
able). It enlarged the price of Corne yet in mercie ye Lord
comunicates above our deserts his Blessings towards us.
" 1655 {Ibid). In y'= moneth (December) ye River Ouze was (in
some places) soe frozen yt at Langrick and also betweene
Aersmouth and Booth people went over on y" Ice yet not
much Snow. <
" 1660 {Hackness, Yorks). Be it remembered that the Eight day of
December in the Eveninge aboute Fower or five of the Clocke
there began to arise a great storme of winde and raine and Mr.
Chapman and myselfe were comeinge from Scarbr. then but the
storme was soe forceable that we were faine to turne backe and
lye at Scarbr. that night, but the storme of the winde did waxe
more forceable in soe much that it unbuyred many houses of
Thatch, blew downe many windmiUs and Trees in Orchards
and other places and continued untill abowte one of the Clocke
in the night. It may well be called the greate windy Satterday
night for noe man liveinge never sawe such a winde many hay

STORMS, FROSTS, AND FIRES 209
Stackes and Corne Stackes I beleive were blowne downe at that
time. John Rich
" 1662 {Tasley, Salop), Dec. i6. John son of John Craffe and Ann,
of the p. of MorveU, was bap. here, there being a great flood
that day, soe that they could not goe to their parish Church.
" 1 673 {St. Werburgh's, Derby), July 19th, being Sabbath day at night,
there was a great Floud. The water was two Foot high in the
middle ally, it weare masured, so that it came into Cheasts and
wett all the writings. Such a Flood was not known in our
agge before.
" 1676-7 {Darley Dale, Derbyshire). A great frost which began at
Martimas 1676 and continued till January 3, 1677. Ye
Derwent was actually frozen, and att ye dissolving of the frost a
great flood, and incredible quantities of ice was brought out on
the water banks into toUerable inclosed grounds, and up to
the churchyard steps. " Thomas Mossley, Rector "
The frost of 1683-84 was one of terrible severity; the
forest trees were split ; most ofthe hollies were killed ; myriads
of birds perished ; and the Thames was frozen over from
December to 4th of February.
"1683 {Wing, Rutland). This yeare the longest and the sharpest
frost that ever was knowne. All things whatever that had any
moistnes in them were frozen both within dores and without
for a long while together.
" Ubley, Somerset. In the yeare 1683 was a mighty great frost, the
like was not scene in England for many ages. It came upon a
very deep snow, which fell immediately after Christmas, and it
continued untUl Ladyday. The ground was not open nor the
snowe cleane gone off the earth in thirteene weeks. Somm of
the snow remained at mindipe (Mendips) till midsummer. It
was soe deepe and driven with the winde against the hedges
and stiles, that the next morning after it fell men could not
goe to their grounds to serve their cattell without great danger
of being buried, for it was above head and shoulders in many
places and some it did burie — did betooken the burieing of
many more which came to pass before the end of the yeare ;
but in a few days the frost came soe fearce, that people did goe
14

210 PARISH REGISTERS
upon the top of it over wals and stiles as on levell ground, not
seeing hardly where they was, and many men was forced to keep
their cattell untill the last, in the same ground they was in at
first, because they could not drive them to any other place, and
did hew the ice every (Jay for water, by reason of the sharpness
of the frost and the deepness of the snow. Som that was
traveUing on mindipe did traveU tiU they could travell no
longer, and then lye down and dye, but mortality did prevail
most among them that could traveU worst, the sharpness of the
season tooke off the most parte of them that was aged and of
them that was under infirmities, the people did die so fast
that it was the greatest parte of their work (which was appointed
to doe that worke) to burie the dead ; it being a day's work for
two men, or two days' work for one man to make a grave. It
was almost as hard a work to hew a grave out in the earth, as
in the rock, the frost was a foot and halfe and two foot deepe
in the dry earth, and where there was moisture and waiter did
runn, the ice was a yard or fower foot thick, in soe much that
y° people did keepe market on the River at London : ' God
doth scatter his ice like morsels, man cannot abide his cold.'
Psalme 147, 17.
" 1683-4 {Holy Rood, Southampton). This yeare was a great Frost,
which began before Christmasse, soe that y" 3rd and 4th dayes
of this month February y" River of Southampton was frossen
all over and covered with ice from Calshott Castle to Redbridge,
and Tho: Martaine ma' of a vessell went upon y' ice from
Beray near Marshwood to Milbrook-point. And y" river at
Ichen Ferry was so frossen over that severall persons went
from Beauvais Hill to Bitterne Farme, forwards and backwards.
"1683 {Barrow, Derbyshire). Mem'* that the great frost begun in
November, and lasted about r3 weeks, ending in February."
The following comprehensive entry as to the storms of
the end of the seventeenth and beginning of the eighteenth
century occurs in the register of Donington, Shropshire : —
" 1696, Feb. 7th. Wee had then a most Violent Storm or rather a Sort
of Hurricane, wch blew West and N. West ; it blew down z
Barns at ye parsonage of Donington and did great spoyls in
most Towns of England, the Cathedral of St. Chad at Lichfield
received great Damage, neare 1000 £ loss; 3 young men were

STORMS, FROSTS, AND FIRES 211
kiUed at PepperhiU by the Falling Chymneys, and many lost
their Lives in other places.
" ryoo, Feb. 5th and 6th. Wee had great Winds, and very violent
from ye same quarter, wch did much Damage. Ye Uke again
on Xmas Day, i7or, which also did much hurt"
The Great Storm of November 26-27, 1703, which devas
tated England, destroying the Eddystone lighthouse and
doing incalculable damage in a few hours, is commemorated
in several registers. We can only quote from two : —
" 1 703 {St. Mary Magdalene, Canterbury). Memorandum : That in
ye yeare 1703 there hapened in y* month of November on
ye 26 day a mighty dreadfiil tempestious wind which there has
not bin ye Uke in oure age.
"1703 {St. Oswald, Durham). Mem** that on y' 27th Nov 1703
was y* greatest hurricane and storme that ever was known in
England ; many churches and houses were extreamley shattered
and thousands of trees blown down ; thirteen or more of her
Majestyes men of war were cast away and above two thousand
seamen perished in them. N.B. the Storme came no further
north than Yarmouth.''
There was an exceptionally late and heavy fall of snow
in many parts of England in 17 13 : —
" i7r3 {Lowick, Northants), April 13 being y* Munday after Easter
week there fell a great snow and lay all night and hung on y
trees next day as at X'mas."
The celebrated Aurora Borealis of March 1716 extended
from the west of Ireland to the confines of Russia.
" 1 7 15-16 {Chapel-en-le-Frith, Derbyshire), Feb. r. On that day there
was an extreme wind. It blew the weathercock ofi' the steeple
and brake it in pieces, and a great Ash down in the Church
yard ; with vast great loss to most people in their houses, some
being blown downe.
"Upon the 30th day of March, 1716, between the hours
of nine and twelve at night, there appeared in North and
Northwest a strange sort of light in the air ; it streamed up

212 PARISH REGISTERS
like unto long picks, of a large bigness, some black, some the
colours of the rainbow, some a whitish colour, and at last it broke
into flashes like lightening or smoke, as if it had been smoke of
guns, as fast as you could clap your hands, very terrible to
behold. It lasted so for the space of an hour, and then turned
to streams again. It happened to be so the year before within
one day of the same time of month, but was no lightning at
that tyme, but was far lighter the year before, for there were
several who could read in a book at that time of night. I have
seen it myself several nights besides, but not so violent as it
was these two nights, but could never hear from any what the
cause could be."
Earthquakes are occasionally named : —
"1727 {St. Pancras, Exeter). On the rgth of JuUy between foure
and five of the clocke in the morning, all the houses in Exeter
did shake with an Earthquake that people shake in their beds
from one side to the other, and was al over England, and in
some places beyond sea, but doed but Uttle damage : tis of a
certain truth.
'' 1750 {Rothwell, Northants). On Sunday Sept. 30th We were
terribly alarmed with a violent shock of an earthquake. It was
felt at this Town about half an hour past twelve at noon. I
was at that time administering the Holy Sacrarnent, and was
with the whole Congregation in the greatest surprise. Its
first approach was heard like a mighty wind, or rather the
driving of many coaches. The motion was from S.W. to N.E.
The continuance was as near as I could judge about half a
minute and was very dreadful and awful. The earth was
sensibly perceived to heave under our feet. The church
tottered to its Foundation, and the east window shook most
violently, as if it was all coming down and from the Roof,
which we thought was falling on us, we heard dreadful
crackings three or four times as if great prodigious weights
were flung upon it. In Fear and Trembling we expected
instant Death either by being crushed under the ruins of the
church or else that we should have been swallowed up alive :
but as Almighty God directed, no harm happened unto us.
They who were in the Churches or Houses were more sensibly
affected and felt it most than those who were walking. It

. STORMS, FROSTS, AND FIRES 213
was felt in the Neighbouring Towns of Northamptonshire and
Leicestershire. Thoaias Barrett, Vicar"
The following are among other eighteenth-century storms
named in registers : —
"1746 {Hunton, Kent). On ^Midsummer day this year happened
the greatest storm of Thunder and Lightening Wind and Rain
yt was ever known in the memory of man.
"T749 {Baslow, Derbyshire), Augt. 22d. The same night was the
most terrible for lightning, thunder, and rain there was ever
known in this age.
"1763 {Hunton, Kent). On nineteenth day of August this year
happened a much greater storm of Thunder Wind HaU and
Rain than in the year forty six. The hailstones bein Six and
Seven Inches round.
" 1767 {Askham, Westmoreland). Memorandum that in the night
between Jan. y' roth and nth there happened the greatest
fall of snow I ever remember ; the snow was so deep that I
could not go to Church, Jan. the nth being Sunday, an
accident that never happened to me before in the course of
my ministry, and I am now in the forty-eightte of it.
"William M'Iver, vicar of Askham
"1795 {Frees, Salop), February. The largest Flood and the severest
Frost that has been ever known by the oldest inhabitant,
Mr. Morleton." [The great frost of 1794-5 lasted from
24 Dec. to 24 Feb.]
"1807 {Eaton-under-Heywood, Salop), 22nd July. A most awful
and tremendous storm of Thunder, Lightning, HaU and Rain.
HaU fell in this ne^hbourhood 4 to 5 inches in length
resembling broken ra^ed Ice. The wheat cut off" at the
heads, windows destroyed, everywhere the Hail could reach.
Fruit and Gardens nearly destroyed. In short — It was an
awful visitation; may it ever be remembered in this neigh
bourhood. Rd. Fleming A.B., at that period Curate "
The Cherry Burton, E. R. Yorks registers contain
several noteworthy entries towards the close of the seven
teenth century : —
" 1684. On the 12 of November were scene two sunns in the

214 PARISH REGISTERS
Firmam' betwixt twelve and one of the clock att Bps
Burton.
"1687-8. Memorandum upon Sunday Febr: 12th there happened
about halfe a quarter before foure in ye afternoone, after
sermon, a sudden violent pulsation, or as it were a Mighty
Thump in ye earth tht is a kind of earthquake, tht resembled
the report of a cannon, w"' some noise before and after, and
causing the earth and the buUdings thereon to shake, but it
lasted but a moment in this place. Ita tester. Cherryburton,
Febr: 12, 1687. John Joknsos R' ibid.
" 1692. Decemb. 8th (which was the day of y° Death of the second
squire) about 2 a clocke in y° night was a violent Tempest of
Wind whc overthrew y° Chantry Helmes and the Chymnez
of y° Lodging parlour of the parsonage house, whc was rectifyed
the July foUowing. John Johnson Rector
" 1696. In February or March were scene Two sons in y' morning
Tide by 2 Inhabitants."
Eclipses are occasionally mentioned in registers : —
"1597 (¦5'^- Nicholas, Newcastle). Darke Satterday was 25 Feb.
1597-
"1652 {Brignal, Yorkshire), Mar. 29. The darke Monday the
sunn beinge eclipsed ro in 12 — that is ten parts in twelve
darkened, so that th day seemed as twUight.
" 1699 {St. Andrew, Newcastle), Sep. 13. The Sun and the Mune
was in the clips betwixt nin and ten in the morning and was
darkish about three quarters of a hour."
The mention of Comets or Meteors also occurs from time
to time, of which the following entries are examples : —
" i6r8 {Morley, Derbyshire). Memorand. that this yeare Novemb.
the 25th and for three weekes after, the blazing starre ap
peared in the East and did retrograde. January the nth
the Whitehall was burned and Queen Anne died the spring
foUowinge.
"1662 {Hackness, Yorks). Be it remembered that on Thursday
the xxxth of October I went to my doore aboute brake a day
and to my thinkeinge y' did lighten and I looked towarde the
weste and there I beheld a Blazeinge Starr that blazed out

STORMS, FROSTS, AND FIRES 215
with a longe fiery blazeing streame and somewhat thicke and
broade at the end thereof and continued not longe but wasted
away. John Richardson
" {Crowhurst, Sussex). A Blazeing starre appeared in y" Kgdom in
ye yeare 1680, it did first shew itselfe loth of December y' yeare
80 which did stream from y' South west to y° middle of
y° heavn broader y" a Raine Bow by farre and continued till
y' latter end of February."
The following are a few of the register entries relative
to disasters by fire : —
"16 1 2 {Barnstaple, Devon). In the yere of O' Lorde God 161 2,
in the 5th day of the monethe of Auguste was the towne of
Teverton burned the second tyme with fyer to the number
of 260 dwellynge houses. Mr. Pentecost Doddridge, Mayor of
Barnstaple. Robt. Langdon, Clarcke
"1615 {Howden, Yorks). Pity y' sad accident upon Saturday the
fift of this moneth happened at Fockerthrop in y' house of
Francis Blancherd, husbandman, being himselfe his wife and
two sons at Holden Market one at home and some neighbour
servant came to fetch fire (ye wind southward), it seemed
some sparke scattered in ye dunghill kindled in ye straw as
cended the barne and dwelling house being remote from
help, it consumed there his substance (oh hevie returne) the
Lord in mercie divert the judgements our sins soe much
deserve.
"1647 {Bruton, Somerset): —
By furious flames this r3th day of August
Brewton was like to be consumed to dust.
But God in mercy quenched the flames indeed
As then, so always hees our help at need.
"1665 {Newport, Salop). Memorandum that on Friday in the
afternoone, beinge the r9 day of May, Anno 1665, happened
a sudden furyous fire, which began in the house of Richard
Shelton, a smith, then livinge at the Chitlop, which by Saturday
noone following were burned out of habitation about 162
families, besides the better part of 10 more houses puld to
pieces and much prejudiced. Tho. Munk. Newport sin no
more, lest a worst punishment befall the. The losse to New
port wase 30,000 pounds. T. Millington "

2i6 PARISH REGISTERS
There is an incidental reference to the Great Fire of
London in the registers of AU Hallows, Bread Street : —
" 1667, June 19, was born and christened Michael, Son of Michael
and Phebe Pyndar; but, by reason of the dreadful fire, was
born in Coleman Street, in Sir William Bateman's House,
where many of this parish for some time inhabited."
It would appear from this entry that Sir William
Bateman was one of the many charitably disposed citizens
who put his mansion at the disposal of the houseless.
The church of St. Dionis Backchurch was one of the
inany destroyed by the fire. The following are two of
several records of interment in the ruins : —
"1667-8, Jan. 10. Mr. Francis Tryon was buried in the ruins of
the chansel. Mrs. Martha Bennett, wife of Mr. John Bennett,
Pewterer, that dwelt in the parish at the time of the great fire,
dyed the seaventeenth day of May, and was buried in the ruines
of the Chansell the twentieth day of May.
" Mr. Thoraas Stenhouse, Apothecary, an Inhabitant in the
Parish at the time of the said fire, dyed the thirteenth aay of
June, and was buried in the ruines of the Church, in the body
or middle part of the Church the fourteenth day of June.
"1729 {Bozeat, Northants). Be it known to succeeding ages that
Tuesday the ninth day of September Anno 1729 a suddain and
violent fire broke out in the Parish of Bozeat about two ofthe
clock afternoon, at one Widow Keech's, who was baking upon
the hearth in a poor house amongst the churchyard houses,
which in the space of three or four hours (with a strong wind)
consumed fourty one Dwelling houses, besides all outbuildings
(not five shillings worth of useful Timber saved). Four farms
were burnt with full crops of Harvest and great quantitys of
Household Goods. The Bell-frames were twice on Fire. The
whole loss amounting to near Four Thousand Pounds. Blessed
be God there were no lives lost, nor anybody hurt amidst so
great danger. And whereas the Vicarage House was burnt
with the Register Book, Thomas Drake, present a new one."

CHAPTER XII
OLLA PODRIDA
Penance for incontinency and slander — Penance for marrying
deceased wife's sister — ToUesbury font inscription — Flesh
in Lent — Butchers' recognisances — Number of communicants
— Altar wine — Benefit of clergy — Witches — Gipsies —
Parochial whippings — Records of exhibitions — Tithing notes
UNDER this heading are gathered together a consider
able variety of subjects which occur with greater or less
frequency in parish registers, but which could not
readily be included in any of the previous chapters.
Penance of a public character by no means came to an
end with the Reformation. Its prevalence during Elizabethan,
Stuart, and post-Restoration times depended largely on the
vigour with which the archdeacon and his officials carried
on their duties. For the most part the archidiaconal courts
were held with regularity, and the churchwardens urged to
make due presentments. On conviction for divers of the
less serious offences, such as non-payment of tithes or Easter
dues, or for the non-observance of Sundays or Saints' Days,
offenders were admonished, and if obstinate excommuni
cated; but in such cases absolution and discharge could
usually be obtained on payment of a fine. In proved cases
of slander and of incontinence, humiliating public penances
were, however, as a rule exacted. The ordinary penance for
such offences was the standing in church during service time
(and occasionally also in the market-place) and reciting a
217

2i8 PARISH REGISTERS
form of confession. In the eighteenth century the custom
prevailed in London diocese, and probably elsewhere, of
penance for slander taking place in the vestry, immediately
after morning prayer, when the offender confessed and asked
pardon of the slandered person in the presence of minister
and wardens and a select number of other witnesses. The
white -sheet penance before the whole congregation was
reserved for incontinence. Among the later Essex cases of
this form of penance of which records remain, may be
mentioned Danbury, 173 1 ; Boreham, 1755 ; and Coggeshall,
1764.1 It is satisfactory to find, as the result of considerable
research, that men as well as women underwent, from time
to time, the sheet penance for incontinence. It is of no
small interest to note that a man did public penance in
Ashingdon church, Essex, in 17 17, for the now civilly
legalised sin of marrying his deceased wife's sister.
The following are a few of the more remarkable register
entries as to penance.
John Browne for incontinency was ordered, on 14th
February 1572-3: —
" On the next marquet day at Aveley in the countie of Essex to
stand in the same marquet in a whitt shete and a rodd in his hand
penitently and to desire the people to pray for him."
"1597 {Croydon, Surrey). Margaret Sherioux was buried 23d June.
She was enjoined to stand iij market days in the town and iij
Sabeathe dayes in the church, in a white sheete, with a paper
on her back and bosom, showing her sinne. . . . She stood
one Saturday and one Sunday and died the nexte.
"1677 {Scotter, Lincoln), May 27. Johanna Johnson absolved from
the sentence of excommunication and did her penance yt day
and the 29th of May following for committing fornication with
one Rob' Knight of Morton in the parish of Gainsburgh.
" 1682 {Cherry Burton, Yorks). Anne Baker did pennance March
' See Dr. Cox's " Ecclesiastical Histoiy of Essex," in Vict. Co. Hist, of Essex,
vol. ii. pp. 41-2, 75, etc.

OLLA PODRIDA 219
26: pubUckly. The said Anne Baker layd a Foundation of the
Towne Stocks which was seven pounds payd by John Findon
of Hutton Cranswicke, who was supposed to have gott the said
Anne Baker with child, and was fined seven pound by Mr.
John Ertofiie and Mr. Toby Hodson, Justices.
''1699 {Culworth, Nhants). Memorandum. Upon ye 25 of Febr.
Marg* Tyler of this Parish did perform penance according
to y* following order. An Order of Penance
to be performed by Margaret Tyler of Culworth in -f County
of Northton as foUows : —
" The s'* Marg. Tyler shaU upon y* Sunday next after y° divine
service stand before y° minister's Reading Desk appareld in a
white sheet fi-om head to foot and in y' presence of y° congre
gation there assembled make her confession as foUows : — Good
People, I confess I have grievously offended Almighty God by
falling into ye foul sin of Fornication and thereby given an evU
example to my neighbours for wch I am most heartyly sorry and
do earnestly b^ pardon of Almighty God and of aU others that
I have offended by this my evil example and I do promise (by
y* grace of God) never to offend in y* like again. And I do also
promise before God and this congregation to Uve hetafter more
soberly and godly in aU other respects as a good Christian ought
to do. And that I may perform my vows and promises made
before this congr^ation, I do most earnestly desire y" prayers."
On Sunday, 6th April, John Bradley and ISIay White
performed public penance in the same church, and an entry
is made in the raster that the order and the certificate were
the same as in the case of Margaret Tyler.
"i7r7 {Sutton Valknce, Kent), Nov. 25. Eliz. Stace did pubUc
penance for ye foul sin of adultery committed with Tho.
Hutchins jim', in Sutton Vallence church, as did Anne
Hynde for y* foul sin of fornication committed with Tho.
Daws. Sa. Prat, Vicar
"1725 {Roxby, Lincoln). Memorandum. Michael Kirby and Dixon
Ukel had two bastard chUdren, one in 1725, y* other in r727,
for which they did publik Penance in our P'ish Church Feb.
y* 25th, 1727, for adultery.

220 PARISH REGISTERS
"1728 {Uxbrldge, Middlesex). N.B. On July 7, Unity Winch did
penance at morning service for May 26. [On the 26 of May
is an entry of the baptism of the illegitimate child of Unity
Winch.]
" 1 740 {North Aston, Oxon). Memorandum that Mr. Cooper sent in
a form of penance by Mr. Wakefield, of Deddington, that
Catherine King should do penance in y° Parish Church of
North Ashton, y" sixth day of March, and accordingly she
did. Witness, William Vaughan, Vicar. Charles May, John
Baillis, Churchwardens.
" 1785 {Caundle Bishop, Dorset). On Sunday, the 23 day of
. October, Susannah Philips, who lives near Colonel Bridge in
this parish of Bishop's Caundle, did Penance in this Church,
by standing during the whole time of Divine Service near the
Reading Desk, in a white Linen Sheet, and immediately after
the Second Lesson repeating words after the Minister to the
following eff'ect. ..."
[The words are not given ; the baptismal register records the
baptism on 21st March 1788, of "Job, bastard son of Susana
Philips."]
As to nineteenth-century instances of white-sheet pen
ance up to about 1850, see Vaux's Church Folk-lore {\%gg),
pp. 173-8.
The inscription on the font of ToUesbury, Essex, affords
remarkable evidence of the heavy fine of £i^ paid by way of
penance to avoid prosecution in the ecclesiastical courts.
The small octagonal font of this church bears round the
margin of the bowl, in very distinct lettering, what is surely
the quaintest font inscription in all Christendom : —
" Good people aU I pray take care.
That in ye church you do not swear.
As this man did."
An entry under the baptisms in the parish register explains
this strange distich : —
" 1718, August 30th. Elizabeth, daughter of Robert and Eliza Wood,
being ye first childe whom was baptized in the New Fpnt

OLLA PODRIDA 221
which was bought out of five pounds paid by John Norman,
who some few months before came drunk into the church and
cursed and talked loud in the time of Divine service, to pre
vent his being prosecuted for which he paid by agreement the
above said five potmds. Note that the wise rhymes on the
font were put there by the sole order of Robert Joyce then
churchwarden."
" The Table of the Vigils, Fasts, and Days of Abstinence,"
together with " The days of Fasting or Abstinence," includ
ing all the Fridays in the year, as set forth in the Book of
Common Prayer, are well known. But the great majority of
even well-informed people appear to be ignorant of the way
in which these tables were enlarged and strengthened by
Act of Parliament in 1562 (5 Eliz. cap. v, sees. 14 to 23). By
this Act persons were forbidden to eat flesh not only on
Fridays, and at such seasons as the " Embering Days " and
Lent, but also on Wednesdays and Saturdays. Offenders
were liable fo a fine of £1 or three months' imprisonment,
and any householder permitting flesh-eating on his premises
to a fine of 40s. t The fines were to be divided into three
parts : one for the crown, another for the informer, and the
remaining third for the use of the parish wardens. Provision
was made whereby dispensations could be granted to any one
of the rank of a lord of parliament for 26s. 8d., to a knight
or his wife for 13s. 4d., and to all others for 6s. 8d. Licences
to eat certain white meats could be granted by curates to
sick parishioners ; 4d. was to be paid to the curate, and he was
to enter the licgnce in the church book. If such a licence
was granted to one not genuinely sick, the minister was
liable to a fine of five marks.
, Butchers were bound under recognisances not to kill,
di^esSj or permit to be eaten any flesh in Lent, on any fish-
days appointed by law to be observed, or on any Fridays.
A proclamation to this effect was issued as late as 29th January
1660 by Charles 11. But from Elizabeth's days onward

222 PARISH REGISTERS
certain butchers obtained licences to kill for the sick and
infirm in large towns.
The legal obligation, as distinct from that of the Church,
of abstaining from meat was enforced by various statutes.
In 1687 abstinence from meat was enjoined during Lent by
royal proclamation, but it was advertised in the London
Gazette that an office was opened in St. Paul's Churchyard
where licences to eat flesh in any part of England could be
obtained on condition of giving alms to the poor! After
the revolutions of 1688 these statutes remained a dead
letter, but they were not repealed until 1863.
It will be noticed that several of the following register
extracts are of the year 1632-33, when Laud's vigorous
actions doubtless drew attention, inter alia, to the statute
of 1560. On the fly-leaf of the first register of St. Margaret's,
Westminster, entry is made of licences to eat meat during
Lent 1568, 1569, and 1570,^ and of licences to butchers to kUl.
"Lycens gyven and made of whom and to whom for eatyng of
flesh in y° tyme of Sycknes y" vj day of March 1568.
r. Fyrst Wyllyam Stanton Nedborow y" xxvjth of February.
2. It. WylUam Worlye, yoman of y° garde y' ij'* of Marche.
3. It. Thomas Lyghton gentylman iij'* of marche.
4. It. Lawrence Griffyn the vjth daye of marche a° p'dicto.
5. It. to Thomas Payne one of y° garde y" xijth daye of
March.
6. It. to Margerye Spenser, wyffet to Willm Spenser y'- ij''
of Marche.
7. It. to Richarde Jordan y^ xxth daye of marche a Lycens.
" Lycense gyven for eating of Pleshe in the tyme of Sycknes the
vijth daye of February a° 1569.
First Ralfe Cannocke a license to kill from my lord keeper the
vijth daie of Februarie.
It. Richard Hodges licensed by my lord of Canterbury ye
ixth Februarie. ^ Cited from Burke's Key to Parish Registers.

OLLA PODRIDA 223
It A\'iUm Moore and Elizabeth his wief ye xvijth of Februarie.
It. Robt Bowmont and Agnes his wief ye xvth of Februarie.
It. of Willm Smethe the xvijth of Februarie.
It of Willm Clerke the xxth of Februarie.
It. of Margaret Stynte the xxij of Februarie.
It of John Thrushe the vth of Marche.
It of WiUm Maddocke the viijth of Marche.
Barnes A lycense to kUl fi-om my lord of Leicester the laste
daye of Januarie 1569.
It WiUm Lyngard the xiijth daie of marche.
It. Rychard Preist the xxth daie of marche.
" Licens gyven to eate fleshe in tyme of sicknes for this lent
tyme A" 1570.
Mystres Margaret Staunton Ucensed by the phisition and the
Curate the xxijth daie of Februarie.
Mr. Richard Preist and his wief are Ucensed to eate fleshe by
my lord of Canterbury the iuj day of Marche r57o.
Richard Jordayne Ucensed by the Curate the ij** of Marche.
Ralfe Cannock Ucensed by my lord keeper the uijth of Marche.
John Barnes licensed to kill fleshe by therle of Lecester the
iUjth of Marche an" predicte.
betterys Hutton Ucensed by the Curate the xujth of Marche.
Elizabeth Bacheler lycensed by the Curate the xjth of Marche.
WUlm Hudson and Agnes his wief licensed the xvjth of
Marche.
" 1590 {Colly Weston, Nhants). Zecharie Hunt the parson of
CoUiweston made a lycence to Mr. Roger Dale Gentleman
and to Elizabeth his wife and to Mr. Frauncis BulUngton to
eate flesh for the time of lent for Wednesdays, Fridaies, saterdaies
and other fasting dayes during the time of their sicknesses and
diseases according to the statute in y' case provided dated the
xxij of March.
"i59r {Westerhatn, Kent), ir March. Memorand that Thom
Ringe Curate of Westerham grants to John Daulinge sen' Gent
a lycense to eat Fleshe for viij days by reason of his sickness
and impotency.
" i6t8 {St. Mary's, Leicester). License to Lady Barbara Hastings to
eat Flesh in Lent on account of her great age.
" 1619 {Newington, Surrey). I, James Fludd D.D., and Parson of the
Church of St Mary, Newington, do give license to Mrs. Anna
Jones of Newington, the wyfe of Evan Jones, Gent, being

224 PARISH REGISTERS
notoriously sick, to eat flesh this time of Lent during
the time of sickness only, according to law in that
case provided; videl. in the 5 Eliz. and r Jacob, c. 29,
provided alwaies that during the time of her sickness she
eat no beef, veall, porke, mutton, or bacon. In witness
whereof we have hereunto set our hand and seal. Dated 8
March.
" 1632 {Boughton-under-Blean, Kent). M** that upon ixth of August
was granted a licence to Dame Elizab: Routh wife of
Sir John Routh of this pish in respect of her sicknesse and
bodilie infirmitie to eat flesh according to a statute made to
that purpose in quinto Elizabethe."
The register book of North Curry, Somerset, records
a licence "to eat flesh this Lente" granted in 1632-33 by
the vicar to Mrs. Johan Conock, "a gentlewoman of about
90 years of age."
"1633 {Wedmore, Somerset), March i. Whereas upon my own
certaine knowledge my wife lying now in childbed is very weak
and sicke, and by eating of fish she may very much if not
altogither endanger her life : I Martin Law being Vicar of the
said parish of Wedmore doe as in me lyeth lycence and
authorise her to eate flesh according to the forme and effect of
the Statute in that case provided.
" 1633 {Bromfield, Salop), Mar. 22. A license for eating of fleashe
granted to S'' Charles Foxe Kt, and registered Mar. 29.
His testibus, Wm. Jennings gar', John Wigley.
"1633 {Gayton, Nhants). Mem'* that upon the 22d of March
Anno dom 1632 was a license granted by me John Marks,
Parson of Gaiton, to the Lady Marie Samwell, in respect of the
weakenes of her body and present sicknes, to eate flesh for
the space of eight dayes. And the same againe renewed
March the 30th 1633.
"r633 {St. Alkmund's, Derby), 19 March. Whereas Katherine
y" wyfe of Nathanael Bate of Little Chester, being great with
chUd (and by reason of health) infirm and weak, and therefore not
able to feed upon fish meats without apparent damage (as I am
credibly informed) I doe therefore by these presents permitt (so
farr forth as by the statutes of the kingdom I may) unto y°
said Katherine Bate to provide for herself, and to feed upon

OLLA PODRIDA 225
such flesh meatts, as by the said statute are Ucensed, in this case
during all y° time of her sicknesse and noe longer. In witnesse
whereof I have hereunto set my hand. H. Coke, Minister and
Preacher of the Word of God in the Parish of St Alkmund's
aforesaid. Test. Thomas Nash."
During this same Lent the vicar of St. Alkmund's
granted another licence to
"John Bullock, of Darleigh Abbey Esquier, something diseased
and for y° present not safe to feed upon fishe, to feed upon flesh
meate according to the direction of his phisition."
Nicholas Andrewes, vicar of Godalming, granted a licence
in February 1639 to Frances Porter,
"who now lyeth in chUdbedd sick to eat flesh for and during y'
time of her present sickness."
The following is an undated entry in the register book of
Knodishall, Suffolk ; it is probably of the year 1632-33 : —
"Whereas Mr. Arthur Jenney, Esq., of Knotshall, & his wife
Anne beinge trubled wth sicknes, he wth ye Tissecke [consumption]
& she beinge bige wth child, soe that they are not able to eate salte
fishes continually, I, James Johnson, Minister of ye parishe a hove
sayd, accordinge to ye statute in tht cause pvided, have granted
them to eate some fleshe for ye recoverie of there health, wch
libertie was granted to them ye beginge of Lent If sayd not yet
recovered, the: desier to have ye same libertie continued to them
still wch. I wiUingly doe conferme with ye assisstance of one of ye
Churchwardnes as ye statute directeth mee, March loth.
"James Johnson, Minister
" Henry Mawlinge, Churchwardinge "
It is not often in registers that we find any reference to
the number of either Celebrations or Communicants, though
information on both these points can occasionally be gleaned
from Churchwarden Accounts.
In the register, however, of St. Michael le Belfry, York,
15

226 PARISH REGISTERS
there are four pages of Elizabethan date yielding interesting
particulars. These passages, which extend from 1572 to
1 578, are thus prefaced :—
"The number of communycantes at penthicoste, 1572, w'thin
the p'ishe church of St. Michaels als Befram, examyned before,
according to L. Archbushope of York his graces enjunctyons in
that behalf commanded.
" In p'mis Mr. will'm AUen et uxor. Item gartred hall. Vidua
Faile et Edmonnde Fale, uxor smyth, Mr. James Stocke et uxor,
Martyne Wayte."
There were also Celebrations that year on the feast of
St John Baptist, with 12 communicants; on the Sunday
before Michaelmas, with I2; on Sunday, 9th November,
with 7 ; on Christmas Day, with 26 ; on " Newyeares Day,"
with 12 ; and on the Purification, with 16. There are seven
Celebrations entered for 1573, five for 1574, two for 1575,
and two each for 1576, 1577, and 1578. In all these cases
the names of the communicants are entered. It is scarcely
possible to think that these Hsts are complete, for in no
single year is an Easter Communion recorded.
" 1620 {Bakewell, Derbyshire). The'whole number of Communicants
at Morning Prayer first on Easter Day 282. Eodem die at
y" latter Prayer 132 : Total, 419.
"1682 {Hillingdon, Middlesex). This year on Easter Day and Low
Sunday 300 persons received the Comunion, alarmed to their
duty by an order from Henry, Lord Bishop of London.''
In the reign of Queen Anne, the Holy Communion was
administered six times a year at North Wingfield, Derby
shire — namely, on Palm Sunday, Good Friday, Easter Day,
Midsummer, Michaelmas, and on the Sunday before Christmas
Day. The actual amount collected at each Communion is
sometimes entered in the register ; the total for a year and
a half only amounted to £\, i6s. id.
The following unhappy entry at the end of a register

OLLA PODRIDA 227
book of Clunbury, Salop, helps to explain the large amount
of wine occasionally provided for the Communion : —
" Mr. Parry has agreed with the Parishioners of Clunbury to
take instead of the spare wine at the Sacrament ten quart Pottles
of good Port wine annuaUy to be delivered to him in every
year at Easter — the Parish Clerk to have the Pottles.
"Easter Day, 1808"
The singular custom, known as Benefit of Clergy, whereby
not a few lives were mercifully saved at a period when
capital punishment was hideously common, is too well
known to require any explanation. A remarkable instance
has been already cited in the third chapter, wherein a lad
of eighteen, in 1541, failed to escape the gallows for
thieving ; for, though he pleaded privilege of clergy, it
was found he could not read. The following is another
register entry, which shows how three condemned prisoners
were saved by a knowledge of letters : —
" i6or {Penrith), Jan. 27. A Jayle deliverie at CarUeU when
7 prisoners condemned, whereoff' foure were executed at
Herrabie, viz : Ebbies Arch and Arche Armestrone als
Wiskrills, Scottsmen, one Burthorne and one Nicolson, and
three saved by the booke.''
That dark page in the story of English superstition,
when witchcraft was believed to be a reality, demanding
the severest punishment, receives abundant illustration in
parochial registers. In mediaeval days witchcraft was re
garded as an offence against the Church, and was only
punishable by the ecclesiastical courts ; but the superstition
throve amazingly in post-Reformation days. The first penal
statute against witches was in 1541, but it was repealed
under Edward VI, Early in Elizabeth's reign public opinion
was roused against witches by the strenuous preaching of
Bishop Jewell, with the result that a new and severer
statute became law in 1564, and was rigidly enforced,

228 PARISH REGISTERS
under which many hundreds of imaginary witches suffered
death. Eleven witches and wizards were executed at
Lancaster in 1612, and several more condemned to the
pillory. Nine women were the victims of this cruel law
at Leicester in 1616. It was not, however, until the days
of the Commonwealth that the full rage of ignorant fury
against witches broke out ; in Suffolk alone during a single
year sixty persons were hung for witchcraft. Between
1649 and 1685 there were over three hundred trials of
witches throughout England. After the revolution of 1688
the superstition began to steadily lose ground, but as late
as 1716 Mrs. Hicks and her daughter, a child of nine,
were actually hung at Huntingdon " for raising a storm of
wind by pulling off their stockings, and making a lather
of soap in a basin in league with the devil " ! The odious
Elizabethan statute was not repealed until 1736.
It should be noted that the Church did not surrender
her claim to deal with witchcraft in consequence of statutory
enactments. In the parish register of Hart, Durham, there is a curious
entry, under 20th July 1582, as to the action taken by the
Chancellor of the diocese against Allison Lawe, of Hart.
She was declared to be " a notorious sorceror and enchanter,"
and was sentenced to do penance once in the market-place
at Durham, " with a papir on her head," once in Hart church,
and once in the church of Norton.
The following occur among other register entries relative
to witches and witchcraft : —
" 1602 {Howden, Yorks). Eliz. a wich died at Knedlington
xx° August.
" 1630 {St. Mary's, Reading), Jan. 10. Bur Kattren Roose, appre
hended for a wich.
" 1650 {St. Andrew's, Newcastle), 21 August. Thes partes her under
named were executed in the Town Mor for wiches. Mathew

Mirftliew Hopkias "Wifck Fm^f Generoll

THE FROXTISPIECE OF MATTHEW HOPKINS' "DISCOVERY OF WITCHES,'
10-14

OLLA PODRIDA 229
Bonmer, Isabel Brown, Margrit Maddeson, Ann Watson,
EUenor Henderson, EUenor Rogers, Elsabeth Dobson, Mrs.
Elisabeth Anderson, Jane Hunter, Jane Koupling, Margrit
Brown, Margrit Moffit, Kattren Welsh, AyUes Hume, and
Marie Pootes. The same day, prisoners executed on the town
mor belonging to the hy Kastel were hanged nine thieves, and
Jane Martui for a wich, the myllers wif of Chattin.
"1691 {Holy Island). Bur 16 July WUliam Cleugh bewitched to
death.
" 1699 {Coggeshall, Essex), Dec. 27. The Widow Comon, that was
counted a witch, was buried."
The death of this poor creature was probably the result of
the repeated gross violence to which she had been subjected.
The following occurs in Archdeacon Bufton's diary : —
" 1699, July 13. The widow Comon was put into the river to see if
she would sink, because she was suspected to be a witch, and
she did not sink but swim.''
This cruelty was repeated twice again ere the month
closed, namely, on July 19th and 24th, with the like result in
each case.
An Act was passed in 1530 "concerning Outlandish
People calling themselves Egyptians . . . using no craft
for merchandise, but deceiving people, that they by Palm
istry can tell men's and women's fortunes and so cheat
people of their money and commit many heinous felonies
and robberies." It was therefore enacted that such persons
should be henceforth excluded from the realm, and that
those already here should depart within sixteen days or
forfeit their goods. In 1554 a further Act was passed
making it felony for a gipsy to remain in the kingdom after
twenty days from the proclamation of the Act ; but a proviso
was made for such " Egyptians as shall leave that naughty
idle and ungodly life," and serve some honest householder.
A statute of Elizabeth, 1 563, was most cruelly severe ; by

230 PARISH REGISTERS
its provisions it became a capital felony " to continue for one
month in any company or fellowship of vagabonds commonly
called Egyptians." This law was not repealed until 1783,
when it was rightly styled " a law of excessive severity."
"1592 {St. Nicholas, Durham), 8 Aug. Simson, Arington, Fether-
stone, Fenwicke, and Lancaster, were hanged for being
Egyptians."
It is pleasant to find that the registers bear testimony to
the fact that not a few of the clergy were more merciful than
the law, and were ready to administer Christian rites to these
wandering " Egyptians."
" 1564 {Lanchester, Durham). William the son of an Egiptian bap.
19 Feb.
" 1576 {Swainswick, Somerset). John Phillip, the sonn of John
Phillip, an Egiptian, was heere baptized the loth daie of
Male.
" 1581 {Loughborough, Leicestershire). Margaret Bannister, Daughter
of WilUam Bannister, going after the manner of roguish
Aegyptians, was baptized the 2d of April.
" 1687 {Camberwell). Robert Hern and Elizabeth BozweU, King
and Queen of the Gipsies, bur. 2 June.
" 1696 {Haughton, Staffs), May 8. Thomas Lovell and Hannah
Blewitt, gypsies, married.
" 1702 {Chapel-en-le-Frith, Derbyshire). A poor traveUer, who went
under the name of an Egiptian, was buried in the churchyard
20 April."
Parochial whipping was occasionally, inappropriately
enough, entered in the registers instead of in the Church
wardens' Accounts. Thus in the first register book of
Askham, Westmoreland, between a baptism and a marriage,
is entered, under the year 16 10: —
" October the 3d day was John Hurst and Jane Wachell two
poor travellers whiped."
The following are some later entries in the church
registers of a like character: —

OLLA PODRIDA

231

1 62 1 {Stokeley, Yorks). John nipplaye a vagrant and a wandring
begger of a lowe stature brown headed and somewhat bleare
eyed aged about fiftye years was this xiiij day of Apryll openlye
whipped at Stokesley for a wandringe begger and misdeymean-
inge him self in his wandringe accordinge to the lawe.

THE WHIPPING POST AND STOCKS, ALDBURY, HERTS.
' 1633 ( Wadhurst, Sussex), nth June. Anne Diplock was whipped
for a rogue.
roth Dec. John Palmer and Alice his wife were whipped for
rogues. 23d Dec. Thomasina Hemming, John Ballard, Margery QUes,
Robert Spray, and John Sargent whipped.
¦1637 {Bakewell, Derbyshire), 6 Nov. Thomas Tomlinson and
Dorothy his wyfe of Wakefield or thereabout were taken
begging at Bakewell, and whipped according to ye law, and he
sent home.
1672 {Croft, Yorks). Jane Bultrey, of DarUngton, was seet in the
Stoxe at Crofte and was whipt out of the Towne the 3 day of Jan.
1698 {Brentford, Middlesex), 26 Feb. Alice and Elizabeth Picker-

232 PARISH REGISTERS
ing, wandering chUdren, were whipped according to Law, and
sent with a Pass to Shrewsbury, the place where they were born.
" 1698 {Mentmore, Bucks). Mem^ A Beggar woman of Slapton whipt
at Mentmore 5 July."
The Mansfield church registers are disgraced by a
variety of these entries, signed by John Firth, vicar. It
is difficult to understand how a clergyman possessed of a
spark of humanity could bring himself to write out the
account in God's House of the shameless flogging of two
children in 1693. There are entries of the whipping of a
man and a woman in 1680, in 168 1, and in 1683. In the
last of these years it is mentioned that the woman was 22
and black-haired, whilst the man was "aged." There are
various other cases, but they culminate with the following : —
"5 Dec. T693. John Walker and Elizabeth Walker, two sturdy
vagrant beggars, one of about 1 5 and the other about r 3 yeares
old were openly whipped at Mansfield for wandering beggars."
Records of local exhibitions sometimes occur in old
register books, of which two examples are appended : —
" 1 568 {St. Nicholas, Durham). Mem^ that a certain Italian brought
into the cittie of Durham the nth day of June a very great
strange and monstrous serpent in length sixteene feete, in
quantitie and dimensions greater than a horse ; which was
taken and killed by speciall poUicie in Athiopia within the
Turk's Dominions. But before it was killed it had devoured
(as it is credibly thought) more than rooo persons, and de
stroyed a whole country.
"St. Mary Magdalene, Canterbury, December the 6, 1687. Then
the lion was baited to death in the White Hart Yarde by dogges."
Tithing notes of considerable interest are occasionally
entered in registers, usually on fly-leaves at the end of the
volumes. They are of value as illustrating the considerable
diversity of custom when tithes were paid in kind. Space
can only be found for one such entry, but it is the fullest

OLLA PODRIDA 233
and most interesting that has come to our notice. It occurs
in the parish register of Whilton, Northants, and is one of
the very numerous extracts kindly supplied by the Rev"^ R.
M. Serjeantson : —
" The tithe of Sheep. On new years day make a tale of the sheep.
Take every tenth fleece of what they shear of that number. In
what they have sold out of it before shearing take a halfpenny a
sheep. The same take for all they buy in after new years day.
If the Person has ten sheep on new years day and they come to
seven by the time of shearing give him three half-pence and take a
Fleece. Out of ten fleeces he who pays Tithe chuses two and the
Parson has his choice out of the rest. The same method is to be
observed with respect to the Tithe of Lambs which is to be taken
the nineteenth day of ApriL
" Of Pigs. If there are seven, one is due, but then the Parson
must pay three half-pence ; if there are but six, they pay six half
pence ; if there are twelve they pay a Pig and two halfpence. But
the Parson is bound to keep a Boar.
" Of Calves. If they have seven from new years day the Parson
must have one, paying three halfpence. And as many halfpence
are due to the Parson as they have calves under seven. They
must keep the Tithe calf three weeks.
" Of Cows. Take the Tithe of miUc from the 19th of April counting
the twentieth day the first of the ten : take it moming and night : leave
off" taking when the first shock of com is cut : begin again to take it
ten days after Harvest ends and contmue to do so tiU new years day.
" N.B. The Parish is bound to keep one BuU and the Parson
another, who if he pleases may keep a Breeder besides his BuU.
" Of Hay. Take the tenth cock of Hay and the seventh at last. AU
Farm land pays Tithe ; aU sow meadow and Whittom meadow : as
also Duglake and Househom, the MUl and aU belongmg to it.
The Farm land is to be known by the Farm Balks. The Town land
pays threepence a yard Land called Hay-silver.
'¦'Of Corn. Take the i oth sheaf or cock of graine, Beans and Pease,
and the seventh at last. Chuse your sheaf out of the First Shock,
but take in the same place out of every shock in that land.
" N.B. The two mills pay three shillings and four pence a year
each. John Spateman, Rector
" 10 f une 1 741"

CHAPTER XIII
THE DATES AND CONDITIONS OF THE REGISTERS
The Blue Book Returns of 1833 — Numerous blunders — Mediaeval
death registers — Parish registers prior to 1538 — The numbers
of 1538-39 registers — Transcripts ordered in 1597 and in
1603 — Grievous defects of Bishops' Transcripts exposed in
1800 — Act of 1812 — Returns of 1831 — Transcripts of the
peculiars of Lichfield and Southwell — Careless loss of regis
ters, instanced in Kent and Bucks — Irregularities of entry —
Trades and occupations in London, Chesham, Lancashire,
etc. — " Sir " signifying priest — Puritan names — Similar
names in one famUy — Double names — Contracted form of
entry — Birth registers — Printed registers — Nonconformist
and Huguenot registers
OFFICIAL inquiries were made of all the clergy in
1831, as to the exact date, condition, and number of
the parish registers in their custody. An abstract
of their replies was published in a Blue Book issued in 1833.
It is not generally known that the returns themselves, with
which are frequently included fuller statements from the
clergy, are extant at the British Museum in eight great
folio volumes, beginning Add. MS 9,355- The dates of the
registers given in this Blue Book and in the original returns
are, however, by no means to be trusted ; our own ex
perience, extending over fully forty years, is that at least
one in five is quite wrong. In some cases registers have
been lost or stolen since that date, but in far more instances
the clergy, through ignorance or carelessness, blundered in
filling up their returns, occasionally assigning an extra-

DATES AND CONDITIONS 235
vagantly early date to the first entry, and still oftener
overlooking older pages that had been wrongly bound up,
or forgetting that in many instances the extant registers of
baptisms, marriages, and deaths did not synchronise.
According to the Parish Register Abstract of 1833 there
were 40 roisters b^inning prior to 1538

772

„ in

1538

1822

J» 51

1538-58

2448

)5 )J

I 5 58-1 603

969

)? 3J

I 603-1650

2757

)) ?)

r65o-i7oo

1476

!) ))

i7oo-r75o

There were also between 600 and 700 of later dates.
As to the rasters said to begin prior to Cromwell's
order of 1 538, the large majority of the forty set forth in the
Blue Book prove on investigation to be but moonshine.
Several ofthe careless blunders made in 1831 and published
in 1833 continue to be printed in recent directories and
even in more important diocesan calendars or returns.
Misreadings of the figure seven account for several errors.
Thus in the case of Penkevil, Cornwall, the initial date
of 1 5 16, as usually set forth, proves to be 1576, and that
of Sinnington, Yorks, 1577 instead of 15 17; whilst at
West Thorney, Sussex, the register was made to begin
in 1530 instead of in 1570. Still more extravagant mis
takes, which elude explanation, are occasionally made
at the present time, of which a single example must
suffice. The registers of Skeffington, Leicestershire, were
quite recently asserted and reasserted to begin in 15 14;
but a special journey of investigation, undertaken for the
purposes of this book, proved that they do not begin until
1590! In another country parish, which shall be nameless,
the custodian charged 3s. 6d. for his search to ascertain
the initial entry, and a subsequent personal visit showed

236 PARISH REGISTERS
that he was forty years wrong in his written and signed
assertion 1
There are, however, beyond doubt certain parochial
registers which begin before 1538, but less than half the
number named in the 1833 I^^ue Book. To account for this,
it must be remembered that there is a fair amount of
evidence to show that some of the mediaeval clergy of
England were, at all events, in the habit of keeping fitful
and informal registers, particularly of deaths, long before
the sixteenth century. Thus in the highly interesting
fourteenth-century chartulary of the chantries of Crich,
Derbyshire, there are entries of the exact death-days of
various members of the Wakebridge family and their
connections from 1344 to 1368 inserted in the calendar.^
The twelfth-century obituary of the priory of Cistercian nuns
at Wintney, Hants, printed by Hearne in 1729, abounds in
entries of the death-days not only of prioresses and sisters
of the convent, but also of a variety of benefactors both lay
and clerical. There are also two most notable and excep
tionally full obituaries, extending far beyond the actual
monastery, in connection with the Derbyshire Abbey of
White Canons at Beauchief^ The records of a serious
dispute between the parishioners of St. Helen's, Abingdon,
and the ancient Benedictine abbey of that town, which
came to a head in 1396, incidentally show that an exact
register of the sixty-seven persons buried in the new ceme
tery of St Helen's from its opening in 1391 had been duly
kept.* There can be little doubt that the more careful and
methodical of England's parish priests would, if only for
their own satisfaction and information, keep occasional
^ Harl. MS. 3669. See Dr. Cox's Cimrches of Derbystiire, iv. 36-47.
^ See Vict. Co. Hist, of Derbyshire, vol. ii. 68.
' Vict. Co. Hist, of Berks, vol. ii. 56-7.

DATES AND CONDITIONS 237
records, however casually entered, of the various offices of
the church as affecting individual parishioners. Hence it
came about that in a few cases, when Cromwell's order came
forth in 1 538, the parish priest thought well to transcribe at the
beginning of the newly ordered official register some of the
recent entries from his parochial notebook. Of such definite
transcripts, extending back for some years, there are six
instances extant, and it is quite probable that there were
more in the original paper register books of 1 5 38, but such
extraneous and unofficial matter would naturally be omitted
for brevity's sake by the transcribers on to parchment at the
end of the century.
By far the most remarkable of these early instances is
that of Tipton, Staffordshire. This register actually begins
on 20th of December 1513, on which day a baptism was
entered, and another in March 15 13-14. Six baptisms are
entered under 1514, ten under 1515, eleven under 1516, three
under 15 17, ten under 1518, and six under 15 19. As to
marriages, there were three in 15 14, two in 15 16, and five in
1517. The second earliest parish registers are those of Altham,
Lancashire. The oldest register consists of eight leaves of
parchment; the top of the first page is so blackened with
gall as to be quite illegible, but the date 1 5 1 8 is supplied in
a comparatively modern hand, and there seems no reason to
doubt its accuracy. On the second page occurs the date
1 5 19, and on the third page 1520. The entries run on con
secutively up to 1525. On the next batch of nine leaves
the dates 1527 and 1533 can be plainly read. The regular
register does not begin until 1 596.^
The register book of Perlethorpe, Notts, begins : —
" The Register of aU suche as have bynne Christened, maryed
^ Froni information kindly supplied by the vicar, the Rev. H. H. Whittaker.

238 PARISH REGISTERS
and buryed, in the parish of Parlthorp Thow'sbye since the yeare
of our Lord 1528."
The entries for 1528 and 1529 are now illegible.^ For
I530> IS3I) iS34> 1536, and 1537 there are two entries, and
three each for the years 1532, 1533, and 1535.
The registers of Carburton, Notts, begin : —
"The register book of Carburton, as have been Christened
maried and bured in the parish of Carburton since the beginning
of the yeare of our lord god and the five hundred twentie and
Eight." There is an entry of a baptism, a marriage, and a burial
under 1528, none in 1532, one each in 1529, 1531, and 1536,
and two each in 1530, 1533, 1534, 1535, and 1537.
The word " since " at the head of both of these registers
shows that the entries were a compilation, and not entered
year by year.
At Elsworth, Cambridgeshire, the registers also begin in
1^528, when three baptisms are recorded, and there are about
ten other entries prior to 1538.
In the case of Ashperton, Herefordshire, there is at least
one yet earlier entry, namely, of the year 1 521, but in a later
handwriting than the rest of the beginning of the register.
Between 1530 and 1538 there are several other entries.
Burn (1862) cites a marriage entry of 1534, and two
baptisms of 1537 out of the register of Stoke Hammond,
Bucks. Wolverton register, Bucks, begins with an entry of
November 1535, and contains twenty-four entries prior to
1538. A recent letter of the rector of Kirton, Notts, also gives
1 5 3 5 as the beginning of that register. Burn cites Goodworth
Clatford as containing an entry of 1 5 36, but no entry earlier
than 1538 can now be found, and this is probably a misread-
^ The Perlethorpe and Carburton registers were printed by Dr. Marshall in
1887-88. The writer of this book saw these registers in 1869, when several
entries now faded were legible.

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|.. ;,;^a.-xj^.ltv -<^,^^l,,,- ^ W,.."K. ;>[aA oa^l , ,^^ 0iLfi i,.^;^
FACSIMILE OF URST PAl.F OF 'IIPIOX KECI -1 F I:. loi:i
fKIN^l.^' LENT l;^' MR. A. .M. J.LIvKE)

DATES AND CONDITIONS 239
ing. The register of West Clandon, Surrey, begins in 1536,
and has nine entries prior to 1538 (Bum). Parkham, Devon,
has four marriages and two burials of the year 1537. The
registers of Kingsbury, Warwickshire ; Snaith, Yorks ; and
Somersal Herbert, Derbyshire, are also known to the present
writer to begin in 1537, and this is also said to be the case
with r^^rd to the registers of Eling, Hunts; Fairstead,
Essex ; and Shrawley, Worcestershire.
Bum also sets forth 63 entries between 1535 and the
end of 1537 which occur in a small folio paper book of
St. James, Garlick Hythe, London ; he states that " it is
not the original, but a transcript (made probably in 1597) of
apparently a genuine Register."
This analysis reduces the forty registers of the 1833
return alleged to be prior to 1538 to eighteen, and this
list ought possibly to be reduced by one or two.^
There is, alas, no doubt whatever that there has been
shocking carelessness with regard to the safe custody of parish
registers since the 1831 return was compiled. There were
at that time 772 roisters beginning in 1538 : there are now,
we believe, 656 (see Appendix 1 1.). Allowing for mistakes in
the exact figures of both these summaries, it appears toler
ably clear that about a hundred of our earliest registers
have disappeared in the course of some eighty years. There
are also a considerable number of registers whose first entry
is in 1539; but they may as a rale be fairly considered as
complying with Cromwell's order, for that order was dated
29th September 1538, and did not reach many an out-of-the-
way parish for several weeks ; and there would certainly be
many sparsely populated parishes wherein there was no event
demanding registry entering until 1539 was reached. There
are 205 extant registers which begin in 1539 (Appendix III.),
' Prasei's Magazine for September 1861 has a blundering article wherein
the names of forty-nine parishes are set forth as having roisters prior to 1538 !

240 PARISH REGISTERS
so that the total of registers beginning at the earliest ordered
date (including the sixteen prior to 1538), which can now
be consulted, amounts to 877.
By a Constitution of Convocation in the year 1597,
transcripts of parish registers, as has been already noted in
the first chapter, were ordered to be forwarded to the bishop
of the diocese. Subsequent ordinances were made as to
their punctual transmission. The Canons of 1603 provided
for the annual forwarding to the bishop's registry of a copy
of the registers, signed by the minister and wardens. This
was an admirable provision, so that in the event of fire or
other destructive accident in the parish another copy would
supply satisfactory evidence. It was also intended to act
as a check on any alteration, erasure, or forgery of the
original. The great defect of this canon was the neglect to attach
any fees for the transcript, either to the parish officials in
making the copy and transmitting it, or to the bishop's
officials for their safe storage and arrangement. The result
has been such a scandal that Mr. Chester Waters was amply
warranted in writing, in 1883, that "the bishop's transcripts,
which ought to have formed an invaluable department of the
public records, present a lamentable picture of episcopal
negligence, parochial parsimony, and official rapacity."
The report of the Committee on Public Records, issued
in 1 800, revealed a grievous condition of affairs. For instance,
there were 142 parishes in Surrey, but the registry at
Winchester had only 20 registers for all these parishes from
1597 to 1800. Each of these parishes ought to have
annually sent a copy of its register for over two centuries, so
that for this one county there was an actual deficiency of
28,206 transcripts ! Salisbury, with 434 parishes, was in the
habit of receiving only 9 or 10 transcripts a year, and not a
finger was raised by bishop or registrar to secure obedience.

DATES AND CONDITIONS 241
In Rochester diocese, at that date, only 7 parishes out of 95
were sending in their transcripts. The registrar of London
diocese had the impertinence to send the following certificate
to the Commissioners : — " I hereby certify that it is not the
custom within the Diocese of London for any return to be
made to the Bishop's Registry of either Burials or
Baptisms " !
A table was compiled from these 1800 returns in
Grimaldi's Origines Genealogicce, from which it appears that
the condition of affairs in several dioceses was much better
than in those already cited. Thus, in Hereford, the whole of
the parishes (323) were at that time making their annual
returns, but there were none older than 1660.
The Act of 1 81 2 made further stringent provisions to try
and compel the sending in of the transcripts and their due
custody, but with indifferent results. In 1831 a Parlia
mentary Return was made by the several dioceses in answer
to inquiries whether the directions of the Act of 181 2 had
been complied with in various particulars, more especially as
to what transcripts had been sent in since 181 3, and whether
they were kept in security from fire. A table compiled from
this return (Burn's Parish Registers, 2d Edit. 1862, p. 203),
shows the imperfect and insecure state of the transcripts at
that date. In London diocese there were 192 defaulting
parishes, in Bath and Wells 139, and in Lincoln 103. In
twelve dioceses it was admitted that the returns were
"subject to fire." Only one bishop (Lichfield) complied
with the direction of the Act and made a Survey and
Report !
In Mr. Phillimore's .^^ze/ to Write the History of a Family
(1887) is a useful table of Bishop's Transcripts compiled
from the two already mentioned, and giving a certain amount
of extra information. In a few dioceses, the extant trans
cripts have of late years been well arranged, notably those
16

242 PARISH REGISTERS
of Worcester, and to a considerable extent of Lincoln.
Gross as has been the carelessness with regard to diocesan
transcripts, it has been exceeded by the carelessness as to
the actual parochial registers. At the present time the
transcripts considerably antedate the registers in not a few
cases, not infrequently indeed by as much as a century (see
Appendix). In addition to the transcripts of registers which are in
the keeping of diocesan officials, there were a certain number
of parishes which never transmitted the copies into episcopal
hands, inasmuch as they were " peculiars " attached to
certain special ecclesiastical jurisdictions, and outside the
control of the diocesan. There are a few cases where trans
cripts of such parish registers are still extant and in separate
control. Dr. Cox, when cataloguing the muniments ofthe Dean and
Chapter of Lichfield in 1881-3, found a large number ofthe
registrar transcripts of the decanal or capitular peculiars
scattered about in a variety of receptacles. These separate
parchment sheets were collected and arranged in parcels
according to the respective parishes or chapelries. The
earlier of these transcripts were probably lost in the times of
the Commonwealth struggle. The large majority of them
begin about 1660. They all terminate in 18 12, for the Regis
tration Act of that year put an end to such returns being
made to Chapter authorities. The following is a list of these
Lichfield peculiar transcripts, with the inclusive years, but it
must be remembered that there are various missing years in
all these fifty-four cases save three : —
Acton Trussell, 1659-1812; Alrewas, 1664-1812; Arley,
1673-1812; Armitage, 1623-1812 ; Ashford, 1669-1812;
Bakewell, 1614-1812; Baston, 1662-1812; Bedwall, 1678-
1812; Berkswell, 1662-1812; Bishop's Wellington, 1614-1812;
Breaston, 1717-1812; Buxton, 1721-1812; Becley, 1639-

DATES AND CONDITIONS 243
1812; Cannock, 1659-1812; Chadshunt and Gaydon, 1660-
1812; Chapel-en-le-Frith, 1659-1812; Chorlton, 1690-1706;
Chelmorton, 1663-1812; Colwich, 1659-1812 {perfect); Culver-
hall, 1791-1807; Edgbaston, 1678-1812; Edingale, 1669-
1812; Fairfield, 1663-1812; Farewell, 1663-1812; Fradswell,
1666-1812; Harborne, 1660-1802; High Offley, 1659-1812;
Hints, 1659-1812; Hope, 1661-1812; King's Bromley, 1632-
1812; Kniveton, 1675-1812 (;)^;/^c/); Longdon, 1663-1812;
Longstone, 1666-1812; Long Eaton, 1672-1810; Mavesyn
Ridware, 1663-1812; Monyash, 1672-1812; Norton, 1659-
1862; Pipe Ridware, 1659-1812; Frees, 1669-1812; Risley,
1717-1812; Rugeley, 1659-1812; Sawley, 1672-1810;
Sheldon, 1675-1810; Smethwick, 1774-1812; Stafford, St.
Chad's, 1636-1804; Tachbrook, 1666-1810; Taddington,
1677-1812; Tideswell, 1671-1812 ; Tipton, 1672-1812 ;
Welford, 1638-1810; Whittington, 1663-1812; Whixall,
1756-1812 {perfect); Wilne, 1675-1812; Wormhill, 1686-
181 2.1 In eight of these parishes, namely, Armitage, Ashford,
Cannock, Chadshunt, Fairfield, Farewell, Longdon, and
Monyash, the transcripts go further back than the extant
registers. At Southwell Minster there are still retained a consider
able number of transcripts which were sent in to that centre
from the various peculiars of that important collegiate founda
tion. They are in a fragmentary state, and those that are
of seventeenth-century date have been printed {Thoroton
Society, Record Ser. i. 1903). The following are the isolated
yearly returns still extant: — Beckingham, 1634, 1637, 1641 ;
Bleasby, 1633; Blidworth, 1638; Calverton, 1617, 1623;
Caunton,* 1614, 1619, 1628, 1641 ; Cropwell Bishop, 1638,
1641 ; Darlton, 1622, 1633, 1641 ; Dunham,* 1641 ; Edingsley,
' For missing years, see Catalogue of Capitular Muniments of Lichfield,
1886, pp. 82-3.

244 PARISH REGISTERS
1638; Farnsfield, 1623; Halam, 1622, 1637; Halloughton,
1622, 1633, 1641 ; Holme, 1623, 1625, 1628, 1638, 1641 ;
KirkHngton, 1622, 1638; Morton,* 1622-3; North Musk-
ham, 1623, 1633, 1638 ; South Muskham, 1623 ; Norwell,*
1638, 1641 ; Oxton, 1622; Ragnall,* 1623; Southwell,
1633, 1641 ; Upton,* 1633, 1638 ; Woodborough, 1623, 1627,
1637-8, 1640. In the nine parishes, out of these twenty-four,
which are marked with an asterisk, the transcripts are of
earlier date than the extant parish registers.
The pitiful carelessness shown by the clerical custodians
of parish registers in the past, and their loss in comparatively
recent days, can be proved in every diocese and county. It
must suffice to draw attention to two strong proofs of this
on a large scale.
Among the manuscripts of the Society of Antiquaries is
a volume (No. clxxx.) containing a considerable number of
genealogical or family extracts from various Kent parishes,
which were transcribed in the year 1726. It is stated in each
case when the register began, and it appears that out of
these twenty-six parishes, eight have since lost their first
register book, which covered in each case about a century,
beginning in the reign of Elizabeth. The parishes are
those of Capel, Ditton, Horton Kirby, Leigh, Luddesdown,
Nettlestead, Sele, and Stock.
Not only were losses and destruction of parish registers
frequent throughout the eighteenth and early part of the
nineteenth century, but this gross indifference as to their
custody continued for some time after the official returns of
1 83 1 were compiled — thus disproving the expectation that
the issue of that important Blue Book would naturallycheck an
admitted evil. Take, for instance, the county of Buckingham.
.Lipscombe's good history of that shire, issued in : 1847,
shows, when compared with present returns, that no small
number of early register books disappeared during the second

DATES AND CONDITIONS 245
half of the nineteenth century. First raster books, mostly
of sixteenth century date, have been lost, since Lipscombe
wrote, in the parishes of Beaconsfield, Bow Brickhill,
Broughton, Chetwode, Denham, Foxcote, Haddenham,
Great Linford, North Marston, Olney, Shenley, and
Wyrardisbury. It is by no means unusual to find gaps and irregularities
in the continuity of registers at times other than the great
Civil War, to which attention has already been called at some
length. The following entry accounts for one of these breaks.
At the archidiaconal visitation at Northampton, on loth
October 1577, it was presented that the vicar of St.
Sepulchre's
" wiU not kepe the booke of christenyngs weddings and buryenges
because the churchwardens wUl not bringe the names of them y* be
christened wedded and buried and because they wUl not bringe
him the booke and putt it unto his hands."
The archdeacon ordered the vicars to duly keep the
register for the future. A reference to St. Sepulchre's
registers shows a gap from 1574 to 1577.
Irrespective of the incalculable value of registers for
genealogical and legal purposes, and the historical and enter
taining information contained in their manifold notes, it will
also be found that the dryest of them, which may lack even
a line of interpolation or a single descriptive passage from
b^inning to end, will often yield no small amount of local
knowledge to the intelligent inquirer, particularly as to the
past trades and occupations of special localities.
The London registers are of particular interest in this
respect, and afford abundant proof of how particular trades
pervaded special localities in the sixteenth century. Thus,
the registers of St. Mary Woolnoth show that this was the
quarter of the city where the goldsmiths congr^ated. Tliree

246

PARISH REGISTERS

out of five infants baptized in this parish in 1538 were the
children of goldsmiths. In 1539 eight such children were
baptized, in 1540 nine, in 1541 six, and in 1542 ten.
So far as the occupation of those registered are concerned,
one of the most interesting and varied of the city parishes
is that of St. Mary's, Aldermary, where tailors and skinners
largely predominated. The following occur between the
years 1558 and 1594: —

Merchant taUors, 128
Skinners, 63
Clothmakers, 35
Draper, 19
Dyer, 7
Shoemaker, 7
Taylor, 6
Gentleman, 5
Haberdasher, 5
Barber surgeon, 4
Physician, 4
Cobbler, 3
Mercer, 3
Scrivener, 3
Barber, 2
Cook, 2
Embroiderer, 2
Knight, 2
Pewterer, 2
Sexton, 2

Baker, r
Chandler, i
Bowyer, i
Clarke (parish), i
Cloakmaker, i
Cordwainer, i
Fustian dyer, i
Gentlewoman, i
Grocer, i
Husbandman, i
Innholder, i
Minister, i
Parson, i
Sergeant, i
Silkman, r
Silkweaver, i
Shearman, i
Vintner, i
Yeoman, i

The trades or occupations of those entered in the register
book of the small town of Chesham, Bucks, extending from
1538 to 1636, are frequently given. Shoemakers then, as
now, after setting aside servants and labourers, were the
most numerous, obtaining their leather from local tanners
and curriers. The glovers, no longer extant at Chesham,
were also numerous three centuries ago, and next to them
the tailors and weavers. The woodenware industry (the

DATES AND CONDITIONS

247

turners, shovelmakers, and trenchermakers of the register) is
still one of the most important in the little town, but dyers,
tanners, curriers, and cutlers have passed away. The
following list of trades or occupations of the parishioners set
forth in the register book is taken from Mr. Pegge's annotated
transcript published in 1904 : —

Shoemaker, 23
Tailor, 19
Weaver, 19
Glover, 17
¦Wheelwright, 15
Taimer, 12
Smith, 11
Butcher, 7
Carpenter, 7
Malster, 7
MiUer, 7
Collarmaker, 6
TUemaker, 6
Turner, 6
Potter, 5
Shoemaker, 5
Baker, 4

Cutler, 3
Dyer, 3
Jomer, 3
Mason, 3
Schoolmaster, 3
Bailifi; 2
Banker, 2
Currier, 2
Glazier, 2
Meretrix, 2
Midwife, 2
Painter, 2
Pinner, 2
Ploughwright, 2
Sayer, 2
Brewer, 2
Bricklayer, i

Carter, i
Clothworker, r
Cooper, I
Haberdasher, r
Irmholder, r
Ironmonger, r
Mercer, i
Pedlar, i
Physician, r
Ropemaker, i
Salter, i
Sawyer, 1
Tinker, 1
Trenchmaker, r
Vintner, r

Among the less common trade names in the early registers
of Mitcham, Surrey, may be mentioned boddice maker,
pumpmaker, tobacco-pipe maker, jacksmith, and ashman.
The following are among the occupations attached to
burials in the sixteenth-century registers of Chesterfield :
alderman, apprentice, armiger, bailiff", bellfounder, brazier,
cardemaker, clericus, clothweaver, coverlett maker, deacon,
fishmonger, generosus, gentlewoman, horseryder, miles,
musicus, parson, peregrinus, paedigogus, pottigary, pre-
dicator, presbyter, pentionarius, sirgean, tanner, and vicar.
The vicar of Holy Cross, Canterbury, from 1698 to 1707,
invariably entered the trade or occupation of those who
were buried. The following are the heads of this singularly

248 PARISH REGISTERS
varied list: alehouse keeper, barber, bayly, beggar, black
smith, brewer, bricklayer, broomeman, butcher, carpenter,
carrier, chirurgeon, clerk, cobbler, collarmaker, comber,
cordwinder, counsellor, doctor, dyer, featherbed-driver,^
fellmonger, flaxdresser, fruiterer, fuller, gaol-keeper, gardener,
gentleman, glazier, glover, gluemaker, grocer, hemp-
dresser, hostler, huntsman, husbandman, innholder, joiner,
keeper, labourer, lay clerk, malster, mason, miller, milliner,
millwright, minister, nurse, merchant, officer, paper-
maker, parish clerk, postman, potter, salesman, saltfish-man,
sawyer, seaman, seamstress, sexton, shoemaker, shearman,
silkweaver, soldier, solicitor, spinner or spinster, tailor,
tanner, tinker, turner, upholsterer, victualler, washerwoman,
wheelwright, wigmaker, weaver, woolcomber, and woollen
draper. In a good essay on the general characteristics of the
parochial registers of Lancashire, and of the varied informa
tion that may be gleaned from them, which appeared in
Memorials of Old Lancashire (1909), Mr. Brierley says: —
" Many glimpses of the trades practised in the various
parishes are furnished by the registers. In Wigan vye find
" ' panner ' and ' peroterea,' in Walton ' furrier,' in Liverpool
' dishthrower,' in Ormskirk ' glasseman,' in Eccleston ' dryster,'
in Poulton and Cockerham ' saltweller,' in Croston ' Salter,'
• spooner,' ' buttoner,' and ' glover,' in Upholland ' glover '
and ' potter,' in Eccles ' yrabroderer,' in Ribchester ' coatman '
and ' siever,' in Cartmel ' hammerman,' ' paperman,' and
' woodcutter.' Of these trades, it is feared that all but the
occupations of the ' boatman,' for the ferry at Ribchester, and
the ' woodcutters ' of the Cartmel district, who still supply
^ " A word of explanation may not be out of place about the featherbed-
driver. A driver of feathers or down placed them in a machine which, by a
current of air, drove off the lightest to one end, and collected them by
themselves." Hence, in Othello (Act i, sc. 3) occurs, " My thrice-driven bed of
down. "

DATES AND CONDITIONS 249
the wood for the charcoal burning, have disappeared. The
registers are wonderfully rich in trade names which have
become obsolete or obsolescent. Such are ' crateman,' * jersey
comber,' ' dauber ' (plasterer), ' mugman,' ' honker ' (bleacher),
'shearman,' 'corviser' (shoemaker), 'fletcher' (arrowmaker)
' pedder ' (the true form of pedlar), ' thrower ' (twister), ' blow-
man ' (iron-smelter), and 'fusterer' (saddletree maker)."
" Lancashire, too, according to the registers, seems to have
been famous of old for its musical tendencies, for not only
de we find a ' piper ' mentioned in almost every register — in
Poulton described as a ' droner ' — ^but Chipping, in addition,
boasted a ' trumpeter,' Eccleston a ' blind harper,' Middleton
a ' drummer,' Croston, Cockerham, and Cartmel a ' fiddler,'
Culcheth a 'bagpipe player,' and Wood Plympton a
' musicus.' "
The remarkable light thrown upon the development of
copper mining by a German company in the High Furness
district towards the close of the sixteenth century by the
Coniston parish register has recently been noted by that
careful northern antiquary. Professor Collingwood {Memorials
of Old Lancashire, 1909). In the last years of that century a
company of Germans, already domiciled at Keswick for a
generation, began to work copper mines at Coniston,
carrying the ore on pack-horses to their Keswick smelting
house. Their names and the outlines of their history are to
be found in the now printed registers of Coniston and
Hawkshead. These registers show that the Germans lived
chiefly at Monk Coniston, that they attended Coniston
church, but were buried at Hawkshead ; that they married
into the best yeomen families of the dales, and evidently
intended to settle in the country of their adoption.
" The principal family names of these Germans at
Coniston were Clocker, Colter, Moser, Godmunt, Suck-
mantle, Stoneparker, Ritseler, Phemcke, Plauntziner, and

250 PARISH REGISTERS
Puthparker ; at least these are the forms into which their
names were turned by the pen of the village clerk. Puth
parker, in a more early form, was Pughbarger, probably for
Puchberger ; there were three Balthazars and three Symons
in different generations of this family . . . Symon Puch
berger was buried in the church at Hawkshead on 25th
January 1 640-1. The eldest Balthazar (as the registers tell
us) was nicknamed ' Towsie,' which gives us a picture of the
' towzled ' old German, or rather Austrian, for Puchberg
is an Austrian village not far from the great mining centre
of Eisenerz, in Styria, where perhaps the Puchbergers served
their apprenticeship to the trade already long established in
the Erzberg, which was then, and still is, one of the wonders
of the Alps — a mountain of solid iron ore. Plauntziver may
imply origin from Planitzing, near Bozen, in the Tyrol ; a
Steinberg is near Innsbruck; Klocher and Moser are not
uncommon names in the Tyrol ; and as their chief came
from Augsburg, it is likely that some of the men were
drawn from the old mining districts of the Eastern Alps.
But it is curious to find the ' Black Brothers of Styria,' of
Ruskin's early fairy tale, domiciled so long before him in his
own township, and to think of the romantic blend of
German and Anglicised Norse that peopled the dales three
hundred years ago. It is to the mixture of races that much
of the strong, intelligent character of the dalesfolk is
owing." A title which is not infrequently found in early registers
is likely to confuse those who are not used to mediaeval
phraseology. " Syr," or " Sir," was prefixed or attached to the
names of such priests as had not graduated at either of the
Universities. It used to be said in old days that there were
only three "Syrs"— "Syr Kynge," "Syr Knyghte," and
"Syr Prieste."
Between 1539 and 1553 this title of respect occurs with

DATES AND CONDITIONS 251
some frequency in the registers of St. Margaret's, West
minster. The use of the term died out early in the reign of
Elizabeth. It is to be found in the register of Minehead,
Somerset : —
"1548. Sir John Richards sometymes Vicar of this parish bur.
March 8."
The following instances occur in the Kidderminster
registers : —
" 1 54 1, Oct iiij. buried of Sr John Barret preist.
,, ,, XV. „ Sr Nicholas write, preist.
" 1542, Aug XXV. buried Sr Thomas Alchurch, prst.
" 1543, April XX. buried Sir. Philip Pardoe, preist.
,, Feb xix. buried Sir James Pirry, preist.
"1550, Mar xxx. buried Sr William Thomyns, preist late Vicar
of Kitherminster.
" 1 55 3) August the xxiij day was christned Alexander the sonne of
Sir WiUiam Spittle, preist."
There are also various like entries in the first register
book of St. Dionis, Backchurch : —
"1547, Oct 27. Syr Thomas Powell pryste buried.
"1548, July 13. Syr Robert Johnson, parson of St. Margarettes,
old fysh strete buried.
,, July 15. Syr Thomas Barefoote, parson of thys parishe
buried.
" 1549, April 29. Syr William Erith, parson of S. Dennis p'ishe and
Christiane Poole was maryed.
" 1565 {Ibid.) Oct 18. Syr Peter Haryson, pryste and physysyon and
sometyme parson of Crown land over in hamshire, in the
Countye of Southamton."
Another late entry of this kind occurs in the Harbledown
register, Kent : —
"1562, Mar. 13. S' Robert Mobery p'son preste of Hambledown
bur."
It is commonly supposed that the giving of Puritan

252 PARISH REGISTERS
names to children was a particular characteristic of the days
of the Commonwealth. But a study of registers quite upsets
this view, and proves that such names were for the most part
given at earlier periods when Puritanism began to be
aggressive. An examination of upwards of forty parish
registers between 1640 and 1660, in a single county, merely
reveals one name of this character. The elaborate godly
names of some of Cromwell's troopers were, however, usually
names assumed in adult life, and were not bestowed on them
in baptism. The following are a few examples culled from
baptismal registers : —

Evangelist (Shoreditch)
Deliverance (All Sts., N'ton)
Comfort (All Sts., N'ton)
Joy Agayne (Daventry)
Know God (E. Haddon)
Repente (St. Dunstan West)

1563
158915921 594
1597
1599

Be Faithful (All Sts., N'ton)
Free Gift (Chiddingley)
Repentance (St. Sepulchre's, N'ton,
Sighe (All Sts., N'ton)
Faintnot (Chiddingley)
Obedience (Wing, Rutland)

i6oi1616
1617
163016311656

Perhaps the most astonishing registered name is that of
Shadrach Meshach Abednego, conferred in baptism, 3rd
December 1777, on the son of Shadrach Meshach Abednego
Smith, and Martha his wife, in the church of All Saints,
Northampton. The confusing custom of calling children of a family by
the same name was by no means uncommon in the middle
ages. Of this there are various proofs in pedigrees and
genealogical notes of days prior to parochial registration.
Lady Alice Tyrell, of Herons, who died in 1422, left four
sons, two of whom were named William, and the other two
John. Protector Somerset had three sons named Edward,
all of whom were living at the same time. In the register of
Beby, Leicestershire, are the following entries : —
"1539, Aug. 29. John and John Sicke, the children of Christopher
and Anne, were baptized.
"Item, 31 Aug. The same John and John were buried. "
Burn cites the following, sentence from the burial entry

DATES AND CONDITIONS 253
of Mary Topp, in the register of Stockton, Wilts, but omits
the date : —
"Tres filias reliquit superstites Johannem Seniorem juvenem
Johannem Juniorem adolescentem, et Edwardum puerulum."
In the early Elizabethan Survey of the Earl of Pem
broke's manor in Wilts, etc., three brothers of the same name
were sons of Janet Dight, widow, and the reversion of her
holding went to " Johanni primogenito, fohanni secundo-
genito, et Johanni tertiogenito, filiis suis " ; in another case
three brothers are described as "John senior, John medius,
and John junior."
The question of the early occurrence of more than one
Christian name, and the time when such an occurrence
became common, has often been discussed, more especially in
the columns o{ Notes and Queries. It is usually stated that
Henry Algernon, fifth Earl of Northumberland, who was
born on 13th January 1477-8, is the earliest English instance
of a two-fold baptismal name ; the double name appears on
his garter plate in St. George's Chapel, Windsor. Fuller,
the church historian, mentions that Queen Mary gave her
own name in addition to their own christian name to her
godsons, so that they were called Anthony-Maria, Edward-
Maria, etc.
Instances of double names were exceedingly rare during
the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. Camden, the antiquary,
say.s, on this subject : —
" I can only remember now his Majesty, who was named Charles
James, and the Prince his sonne Henry Frederic ; and among
private men, Thos. Maria Wingfield and Sir Thomas Posthumus
Hobby." Anthony Ashley Cooper, the first Earl of Shrewsbury,
who was born in 162 1, is a notable exception. In the latter
part of the seventeenth century the custom came more into

254 PARISH REGISTERS
vogue, but very slowly. Thus the registers of Tamworth
have an entry in 1680 of the baptism of Robert, the son of
Thomas Dooley Gyp ; and at Harlington, Beds, there is the
entry of one Anna Letitia Wingate in 1686. Broadly speak
ing, however, the average register contains no double names
until the nineteenth century is reached. In the last half of
that century the custom of two or more Christian names set
in with such general determination that nowadays it is a
distinct exception to find anyone, no matter what the posi
tion, bearing only a single name.
We suppose Mr. Chester Waters was in earnest in citing
the following baptism as recorded in the parish register of
Burbage, Wilts : —
" 1781. Charles Caractacus Ostorius Maximilian Gustavus Adolphus,
son of Charles Stone, tailor, bapt. 29 April."
Up to 1 8 12, when it was provided that all registers were
to be kept after a set pattern, it was usual in not a few
parishes to adopt labour-saving expedients in making the
entries. One of the commonest forms of abbreviation was to
use the initial letters b., m., and s., for baptism, marriage, and
burial (sepulture). It remained for the vicar of Carburton,
Notts, to adopt the following hieroglyphics : —
"Note, Since 1729 the Christenings, Burials, and Marriages are
Set together and are distinguished by these marks, viz. t before
Xtnings, © a Deaths head before Burials, and a pair of Claspers K
before marriages."
Reference has been made in the first chapter to the
registration acts of William and Mary for the definite entry
of the births of children who were not baptised, or at all
events, not baptised in church, and to the general lack of
obedience to these directions. It is quite exceptional to find
any register entries of this nature.
Stitched into the first volume of the registers of St.

DATES AND CONDITIONS 255
Mary's, Reading (which begin in 1538), are several lists of
entries on leaves of paper thus headed : —
" The By-Register according to Actt of Parllement for
Byrthe of those that are not baptised by the Minister of the
Parish in the yeare of our Lord, 1695." There are five
entries for 1696, eight for 1697, ^"d twelve for 1698. They
average about ten down to 1706, and then speedily lessen.
The entries end in 1754, many of the later years having no
entry, and several only one.
There is more evidence of compliance with these Acts in
the north of England than elsewhere. The four following
examples all occur in Northumberland.
The parish registers of Warkworth supply birth lists of a
few Liberi Dissentientium Ecclesice Anglicance from 1723 to
1824 ; the three last cases are stated to have been baptized in
the dissenting chapel.
In the register books of Elsdon, Northumberland, there
is a record of " The Births of Dissenters Children as attested
by their Parents." The entries begin in 1734, and occur some
what fitfully down to 18 19; they seldom number more than
one a year.
Among the registers of Edlingham is a list of " The
Dissenters Children as they were given in by their Parents."
It extends from 1733 to 1812. They are distinguished by
the capital letters D. or P., the latter, we suppose, for Presby
terian, and the former for other forms of dissent. The
highest number thus registered in any year was in 1744,
when there are nine entries ; they average about three a
year. The registers of Eglingham, also in the same county,
include a record of baptisms of dissenters, headed " Chris-
ings not chrisened in the Church." It begins in 1696 with
six of such entries ; they numbered thirteen in 1697, seven
in 1698, eight in 1699, fifteen in 1700, sixteen in 1701, and

256 PARISH REGISTERS
three in 1702. These are followed by two or three entries
under the years 1744, 1747, 1748, 1749, 1759, 1761, 1769,
and 1770.
In the second register book of Moulton, Northants,
which begins in 1689, is a short list of unbaptized children,
or rather of families none of whose children were baptized.
Eleven families are named ; they clearly belonged to a small
Baptist community in the parish.
On one of the fly-leaves of the third volume of the
registers of North Wingfield, Derbyshire, is the following
list of births of unbaptized Quakers: —
"Tupton. Sarah d. of George and EUen Wright, born 6 May
1698.
,, George s. of Gec'-ge and Ellen Wright, born r Nov.
1700.
" Pilsley. George s. of George and Ellen Turpin, born i April
1701.
,, Hannah d. of Thomas and Hannah Lynam, born 4
April 1702.
" Tupton. Margret d. of Nicholas and Hannah Turner, born 27
Sept. 1702.
" Pilsley. William s. of George and EUen Turpin, born r7 Nov.
1703.
" Tupton. Hannah d. of George and . . . Ashley, born 17 Nov.
1704.
„ Katherin d. of Nicholas and Hannah Turner, born
21 Sept. 1705.
„ Daniel s. of George and Ellen Turpin, born 29 Jan.
1705-"
The register entries of Atworth, Wilts, continue to record
far more births than baptisms for some little time after the
Restoration of 1660. From 1697 to 1704 there are entries
in a separate place in the register book of the births of
" Annabaptistes and Quakers." The last dissenter's birth
we noticed was in 17 10.
As to the highly commendable habit of printing carefully

DATES AND CONDITIONS 257
compiled transcripts of registers, which has increased by
rapid strides during recent years, the first instance of which
we are aware is that of the registers of Durnford, Wilts, from
1574 to 1650, ten copies of which were printed in 1824 by
Sir Thomas Phillipps.
The Harleian Society began printing a parish register
series in 1876, and have now issued thirty-seven volumes.
The Parish Register Society began work in 1896, and have
already issued upwards of sixty volumes. Special societies
for the register printing of the counties of Lancashire, York
shire, Shropshire, Durham and Northumberland, Stafford
shire, and Surrey have also done much excellent work. Other
societies for printing only the marriage registers have been
formed in the counties of Buckingham, Cambridge, Corn
wall, Derby, Dorset, Gloucester, Hants, Hertford, Norfolk,
Nottingham, Somerset, Warwick, and Worcester ; but these
are of limited value, and that only to mere genealogists ;
they will prove, we fear, an impediment to the far more
desirable issue of complete registers. Many other ex
cellent transcripts of whole registers have been issued by
individuals, notably by Mr. F. A. Crisp, and by Mr. J. M.
Cowper for Canterbury and the district.
The result of it all is that there are now (July 1909) about
600 parish registers in print in a fairly perfect state, the
large majority of them covering the period from their
beginning up to 18 12, when official registration was imposed.
These are set forth in an alphabetical list in Appendix IV,
and for its comparative completeness we are greatly indebted
to the admirable Key to the Ancient Parish Registers of Eng
land (1908), by Mr. A. M. Burke.
This book is concerned in the main with Parish Registers,
in accordance with its title, but a very brief space may as
well be given to Nonconformist Registers. Those who
are desirous of information under this head should consult
17

258 PARISH REGISTERS
a Blue Book, issued in 1841, entitled Lists of Non-parochial
Registers and Records in the custody of the Registrar-
General (Somerset House), wherein a county classification
is observed ; also a Report on Non-parochial Registers, issued
in 1857, wherein are enumerated those registers of the sects
that are still in private custody.
In a very few cases Nonconformist Registers have been
printed. The register of Dukinfield Chapel, Cheshire, from
1677 to 1713, was printed by Mr. J. P. Earwaker in 1887;
it contains some interesting extraneous notes, such as the
death of Queen Mary from small-pox on 28th December 1696.
The Shropshire Parish Register Society printed in 1903 ten
registers of Dissenters from different parts of the county,
the earliest being that of the Society of Friends, Shrewsbury,
which begins in 1657.
The Huguenot Society, founded in 1885, has published
several volumes of the valuable registers of Protestant
refugees. The registers of the Walloon church of Norwich were
printed in 1887-88 (vol. i. parts i and 2), and arra,nged
alphabetically. The baptisms extend from 22nd June 1595
to 22nd June 1754; the marriages from 21st October 1599 to
1 2th May 161 1 ; the banns {annonces) from 23rd September
1628 to 4th June 1691.
The registers of the Walloon church of Southampton
were printed in 1890 (vol. iv.). The Admissions h la Ste-Cene
extend from 1568 to 1665 ; the baptisms from 1567 to 1779;
the marriages from 1567 to 1753 ; and the deaths from 1567
to 1722. This congregation suffered appallingly from the
plague in 1583, when there were upwards of 70 victims.
The registers show yet more awful results in 1604, when the
deaths in June and July amounted to 122, though the
average death-rate of the Walloons for the whole year of that
period only amounted to six.

DATES AND CONDITIONS 259
The registers of the Walloon church of Canterbury were
printed in 1891-98 (vol. v., three parts), under the editor
ship of Mr. Hovenden. The baptisms date from 1581 to 1837;
the marriages from 1 590 to 1747 ; and the deaths from 1581 to
1745. There are also entries of marriage contracts from
1580 to 1680.
The registers of the French church of Threadneedle
Street, London, were printed in 1 896-1906 (vols, ix., xiii.,
xvi.). The entries of baptisms and marriages extend from
1600 to 1714. •
The registers of the Church of La Patente, Spitalfields,
were printed in 1898 (vol. xi.). The baptisms extend from
1689 to 1785, and the marriages from 1689 to 1753.
The register of baptisms at the Dutch church at Colchester
was printed in 1905 (vol. xii.); they date from 1645 to 1728.
The register of baptisms at the French church at Thorney,
Cambridgeshire, was printed in 1903 (vol. xvii.); they date
from 1654 to 1727.

APPENDIX I
A LIST OF SOME BISHOPS' TRANSCRIPTS WHOSE DATES ARE
OLDER THAN THE PARISH REGISTERS ^

Parish.

Abberton, Worcester
Abbots Bickington .
Abbots Morton
Abbotsham .
Abington, Great
Abington, Little
Abington Pigotts
Alfrick .
Anstey, West.
Ashford, Devon
Ashprington .
Ashreigney .
BamptonBarnet, Chipping
Barton (Camb.)
Beaford .
BeaworthyBerry Pomeroy
Bigbury .
BondleighBow (Devon) .
BradstoneBrampford-Speke
Bredicot
Bredons' -Norton
Bricklehampton Brinkley
BroadwasBroome .
Broughton-HackettBushey .
Caddington .
Caldecot

Register Date.

166117161728
165316641687i6S3
1656165317001607
16531653
1678 1688
16531758
160216781734
16041654
1739 17021734
1756
168416761674 1761
168416811662

Transcript Date.

160816091611
'597160816231 599
16111 608
159615971698
1609
156916001598
1602159616131607IS97
1611
1601160916121617
16001612 1613
16091581
1 597
1611

' Tljis list is largely taken from Mr. A. M. Burke's invaluable Key to Parish
Registers (1908), and from a Supplement to the same (1909) ; it is only intended
to supply examples of the value of the transcripts, and is very far from being
complete.

262

PARISH REGISTERS

Parish.

Register Date.

Transcript Date.

Cambridge (St. Andrew the Great) .

1635

1605

Carleton (Cambs.) .

172s

1602

Caxton ...

1741

1602

Chatteris ....

1613

1604

Chettisham .

1701

1599

Cotheridge 

1653

1611

Coughton ...

1673

1616

Coveney

1676

1600

Cutsdean . .

1696

1634

Daylesford . ....

1674

1624

Doddington (Camb.)

1681

1600

Dormston

1716

1612

Doverdale

1755

1612

Earls Cronor .

1647

i6r2

Eckington

1678

1612

Eldersfield .

1718

1612

Elmley Castle

1665

1612

Eltisley .

1653

1599

Ettington . . .

1661

1621

Fleet . . . . . . '

1652

1561

Fly ford Fa vel.

1679

1613

Flyford Gratton

1676

1612

Gamlingay . . ...

1698

1601

Girton (Cambs. )

1629

1599

Grafton Temple

1695

'1612

Gransden, Little

1730

1606

Graveley (Cambs.) . . . .

1642

1599

Hampton-in-Arden

i666

1615

Harleton ....

1636

1599

Harston (Cambs.) .

1686

1599

Haslingfield ....

1709

1599

Himbleton ....

1713

1611

Histon 

1655

1599

Horningsey ......

1628

1600

Huddington .

1695

l6l2

Inkberrow

1675

1613

Keal East ....

1708

1562

Kempsey

1688

1608

Kingston (Cambs. ) .

1654

1589

Litlington

1642

1598

Littleport

1753

1599

Littleton, North . ...

1661

I6II

Longdon (Staffs.) 

1681

1663

Lulsley . . . .

1754

1622

Madresfield .

1742

I6II

Manea .....

1708

1645

Meldreth ... . .

i68i

1599

Milton (Cambs. ) . .

1693

1600

Mitton, Lower

1693

1603

Monyash ... . .

1707

1672

Morden Steeple 

1675

1599

Morton Bagot . . . .

1663

I6I4

Naunton Beauchamp

1696

i6ii

Newton (nr. Wisbeach) .

1653

1599

APPENDIX I

263

Parish.

Register Date.

Transcript Date.

Norton Lindsey 

1742

1607

Oddingley

1661

i6u

OfHey, High .

1689
1659
Oldberrow
•
1649
1613
Parson-Drove
1607
Pedworth
1693
1607
Peopleton
1632
1612
Piddle, Wyre .
1670
1 60s
Powick .
1662
1611
Preston-Bagot
1677
1612
Queenhill
1733
1608
Rampton (Cambs.).
1674
1599
Rickmansworth
1653
1570
Rushock
1661
1608
Salwarpe
1666
1613
Sawston
1640
1599
Sheldon .
1745
1675
Shelford, Little
1686
1600
Slimbridge
1635
1571
Spemall
1676
1612
Stapleford (Cambs. )
1707
1599
Stow (Cambs. )
1650
1600
Studley .
1663
1613
Suckley .
169s
1613
Sulhampstead-Banister
1654
1613
Tadlow .
1653
1638
Thetford (Cambs.) .
1654
1599
Tibberton . .
1680
l6l2
Trumpington .
1671
1599
Walden .
1653
1581
Warwick, St. Mary
1651
1611
Waterbeach .
1653
1600
Welland
1670
1608
Wellow (Notts)
1703
1626
Wentworth (Cambs.)
1754
1600
Whaddon (Cambs.)
! 1692
1606
Whittlesey, St. Andrew
1653
1622
Wichenford .
1690
1599
Wick, nr. Pershore .
1695
1608
Wickham, West (Cambs.
)
1682
1599
Wilburton
1739
1599
Witcham
1633
1607
Witchford
1725
1599
Wolford
1654
1612
Wolverton
1680
1614
Worcester, St. Andrew
1656
1612
St. Clement
1694
1609
264

PARISH REGISTERS

APPENDIX II
LIST OF PARISH REGISTERS BEGINNING IN 1538

Abbots Langley, Herts
Abingdon, St. Helen, Berks
,, St. Nicholas, Berks
Adelstrop, Glouc.
Adstock, Bucks
Akenham, Suffolk
Aldborough, York
Aldringham, Suffolk
Alford, Line.
Alfriston, Sussex
Alkborough, Line.
Aimer, Dorset
Alstonfield, Staffs
Arlesley, Beds
Arrington, Cambs
Ashbourne, Derby
Ashill, Norfolk
Ashperton, Herefords
Ashton Steeple, Wilts
Askham, Notts
Aston Steeple, Oxon
Audley, Staffs
Avenham, Notts
Avonwick, Yorks
Awre, Glouc.
Baddow, Great, Essex
Badingham, Suffolk
Badminton, Glouc.
Badsey, Wore.
Balderton, Notts
Bale, Norfolk
Balstonborough, Som.
Bampton, Oxon
Bardsey, York
Bardwell, Suffolk
Barford, Warw.
Barkham, Berks
Barking, Suffolk
Barkway, Herts
Barnes, Surrey
Barney, Norfolk
Barningham, Suffolk
Barningham, Little, Norfolk
Barningham-Norwood, Norfolk
Barnstaple, Devon
Barrington, Cambs
Barrowby, Lincoln
Bayford, Herts
Beckenham, Kent
Beddington, Surrey

Bedfield, Suffolk
Bedingfield, Suffolk
Bedwin, Great, Wilts
Beeby, Leic.
Beeley, Derby
Bees, St., Cumberland
Beeston, Norfolk
Beeston, St. Lawrence, Norfolk
Belaugh, Norfolk
Belbroughton, Wore.
Belchamp, St. Paul, Essex
Belton, Leicester
,, Lincoln
Bengworth, Wore.
Berkhamsted, Great, Herts
Berners-Roding, Essex
Bernington, Herts
Bessingham, Norfolk
Betley, Staff
Biddenden, Kent
Binfield, Berks
Birdham, Sussex
Bishops Tachbrook, Warwick
Blackawton, Devon
Blakeney, Norfolk
Blakesley, Northants
Bletchingley, Surrey
Blithfield, Staffs
Blockley, Wore.
Bluntisham, Hunts
Bolingbroke, Line.
Bothamsall, Notts
Bovey Tracey, Devon
Boxted, Suffolk
Bradeley, Staffs
Bradenham, West, Norfolk
Bradfield, St. Clare, Suffolk
Bradfield-Combust, Suffolk
Brancaster, Norfolk
Braunston, Northants
Braunton, Devon
Brenzett, Kent
Brereton, Chester
Bretforton, Wore.
Bridford, Devon
Bristol, Christ Church
,, St. Nicholas
Broadchalke, Wilts
Broadhembury, Devon
Brodsworth, York

APPENDIX II

265

Bromley, Little, Essex
Bromyard, Hereford
Broome, Norfolk
Broughton, Lincoln
,, Church, Derby
Buckenham, New, Norfolk
Buckland, St. Mary, Som.
,, Monachorum, Devon
,, West, Som.
Bucklebury, Berks
Buckminster, Leic.
Budeaux, St., Devon
Bungay, St. Mary, Suffolk
Bures, Suffolk
Burgh-in-the-Marsh, Lincoln
Burlingham, St. Andrews, Norfolk
Burnham-Westgate, Norfolk
Burton, Cheshire
Burton Latimer, Northants
Burton-Fleming, York
Bury St. Edmunds, St. Mary, Suffolk
Bushley, Worcester
Calne, Wilts
Camborne, Cornwall
Cambridge, St. Michael
Canfield, Gt., Essex
Canterbury, St. George
Cantley, York
Capel, St. Mary, Suffolk
Carleton-in-Craven, York
Carlton, Suffolk
Carshalton, Surrey
Castor, Northants
Cawston, Norfolk
Chaceley, Wore.
Chaddesley Corbett, Wore.
Chaddleworth, Berks
Chailey, Sussex
Chalgtove, Oxon
Chalton, Hants
Chalvington, Sussex
Charles, Devon
Charlton Kings, Glouc.
Cheam, Surrey
Chedburgh, Surrey
Chelmsford, Essex
Chelsfield, Kent
Cherington, Warwick
Cheriton Bishop, Devon
Chesham, Bucks
Chesterton, Warwick
Chettle, Dorset
Chetton, Salop
Childerditch, Essex
Chislet, Kent
Churchstow, Devon
Clacton, Little, Essex
Claines, Wore.

Clayhanger, Devon
Claypole, Lincoln
Cley-next-the-Sea, Norfolk
Clifford-Chambers, Glouc.
CHfton, Beds
,, Glouc.
Coleshill, Warwick
Colkirk, Norfolk
Colyton, Devon
Combe Hay, Hants
Compton, West, Dorset
Compton-Chamberlayne, Wilt
Compton Nether, Dorset
Conington, Cambridge
Cookley, Suffolk
Coombe-Keynes, Dorset
Coombes, Sussex
Corton Denham, Somerset
Cossey, Norfolk
Coton, Cambridge
Cotton, Suffolk
Courteenhall, Northants
Cratfield, Suffolk
Crayke, Yorks
Craynorth, Kent
Creake, North, Norfolk
,, South, Norfolk
Cropredy, Oxon
Croxton, Cambridge
Croydoh, Surrey
Curry, North, Somerset
Dartington, Devon
Dean, West, Wilts
Depden, Suffolk
Derby, St. Alkmund
Dereham, East, Norfolk
Dewsbury, Yorks
Didbrooke, Glouc.
Digswell, Herts
Ditton, Fen, Cambridge
Doddenham, Wore.
Dodington, Somerset
Dorking, Surrey
Dorney, Bucks
Down, Kent
,, East, Devon
Drayton-Beauchamp, Bucks
Dun Chideock, Devon
Dunchurch, Warwick
Dunmow, Great, Essex
Dunsby, Lincoln
Dunton, Essex
Durham, St. Oswald
Dymock, Glouc.
Easebourne, Sussex
Easter Good, Essex
Eastleach-Martin, Glouc.
Eastwell, Kent

266

PARISH REGISTERS

Eaton, Church, Stafford
Edenbridge, Kent
Edingley, Notts
Edwalton, Notts
Egleton, Rutland
EUingham, Norfolk
Elmdon, Warwick
Elmham, No»th, Norfolk
Elmsted, Kent
Evesham, All Saints, Worcs.
Exeter, St. Petroch
,, St. Mary- Arches
Eydon, Northants
Eye, Suffolk
Eyke, Suffolk
Eynesford, Kent
Eyworth, Beds
Falkenham, Suffolk
Farlington, Hants
Farnworth, Lane.
Farthingstone, Northants
Feckenham, Wore.
Ferriby, South, Line.
Field-Dalling, Norfolk
Fillongley, Warw.
Finedon, Northants
Folke, Dorset
Foulden, Norfolk
Fownhope, Hereford
Framfield, Sussex
Frampton, Line.
Fransham, Little, Norfolk
Freston, Suffolk
Frostenden, Suffolk
Frowlesworth, Leic.
Fryston-Monk, Yorks
Fulbourne, Cambs
Fyfield, Essex
Garveston, Norfolk
Georgeham, Devon
Gerrans, St., Cornwall
Gonalston, Notts
Goodleigh, Devon
Gosfield, Essex
Granborough, Bucks.
Gransden, Great, Hunts
Gressenhall, Norfolk
Grimsby, Great, Line.
Gwaenysgor, Flint.
Hackeston, Line.
Hackford, Suffolk
Hagley, Wore.
Hale-Magna, Line.
Halifax, Yorks
Hallam, West, Derby
Hallingbury, Great, Essex
Hallow, Wore.
Halton, West, Line.

Hampstead Norreys, Berks
Hanley Castle, Wore.
Hannington, Northants
Harborne, Staffs
Harefield, Midd.
Harpole, Northants
Harrietsham, Kent
Hartford, Hunts
Hartlip, Kent
Harworth, Notts
Haseley, Great, Oxon
Hatford, Berks
Hatton, Warwick
Heckfield, Hants
Heddington, Wilts
Heigham, Potter, Norfolk
Henbury, Glouc.
Hendred, East, Berks
Hessett, Suffolk
Hexton, Herts
Heydon, Essex
,, Norfolk
Higham, Suffolk
Highworth, Wilts
Hinton, Cherry, Cambs
Hinxton, Cambs
Holme Hale, Norfolk
Holt, Wore.
Holton, St. Peter, Suffolk
Hooton Pagnell, Yorks
Hopton Castle, Salop
Horley, Oxon
Hormead, Great, Herts
Houghton Regis, Beds
Hove, Sussex
Hundon, Suffolk
Hunstanton, Norfolk
Hurstmonceux, Sussex
Ickenham, Midd.
Ilketshall, St. John, Suffolk
,, St. Margaret, Suffolk
Ingham, Suffolk
Ipswich, St. Margaret
,, St. Mary-le-Tower
Irstead, Norfolk
Just, St., in-Roseland, Cornwall
Kelsale, Suffolk
Kelshall, Herts
Kelston, Som.
Kenn, Devon
Kenton, Suffolk
Keswick, Norfolk
Kilve, Som.
Kilvington, Notts
Kineton, Warw.
Kingsclere, Hant
Kingsey, Bucks
Kingsland, Hereford

/ J

APPENDIX II

267

Kingsnorth, Kent
Kirby Bedon, Norfolk
Kirby Cane, Norfolk
Kirkby Lonsdale, Westm.
Kirton, Notts
Kislingbury, Northants
Knowstone, Devon
Knoyle, East, Wilts
Laceby, Line.
Laleham, Midd.
Lamerton, Devon
Lammas, Norfolk
Landbeach, Cambs
Laneham, Notts
Langford, Oxon
Langford- Bud ville, Som.
Lapley, Staffs
Laver, Little, Essex
Lazonby, Cumb.
Ledbury, Hereford
Leigh, Wore.
Leiston, Suffolk
Lench, Rous, Wore.
Leverton, Line.
Lexham, East, Norfolk
Lighthorne, Warw.
Lincoln, St. Margaret
„ St. Peter-at-Gowts
Littleham (Bideford), Devon
Littleton, South, Wore.
Livermere, Suffolk
London, All Hallows, Honey Lane
,, St. Antholin,
St. Benet Finck
,, Christ Church
,, St. Dionis, Backchurch
,, St. Lawrence, Jewry
, , , , Pountney
,, St. Leonard, Eastcheap
,, St. Margaret, Westminster
,, St. Mary, Aldermanbury
, , , , Bathaw
,, ,, le Bow
,, ,, Woolnoth
St. Matthew, Friday Street
,, St. Michael, Bassishaw
,, ,, Crooked Lane
„ St. Mildred, Poultry
St. Nicholas, Cole Abbey
,, St. Pancras, Soper Lane
,, St. Peter, Cornhill
„ St. Stephen, Coleman Street
Longdon, Wore.
Longford, Derby
Lorton, Cumb.
Loughborough, Leic.
Louth, Line.
Ludgershall, Buck.

Lugwardine, Hereford
Lyng, Norfolk
Maismore, Glouc.
Manningford Abbas, Wilts
Marbury, Chester
Maresfield, Sussex
Marsham, Norfolk
Marston, Butlers, Warw.
Martin-Hussingtree, Wore.
Maxey, Northants
Melton, High, Yorks
Meon, West, Hants
Merrow, Surrey
Merstham, Surrey
Messing, Essex
Metheringham, Line.
Micheldever, Hunts
Milton-Ernest, Beds
,, (Sittingbourne), Kent
Milverton, Som.
Molland, Devon
Moreton-Morrell, Warw.
Morval, Cornwall
Navestock, Essex
Newbottle, Northants
Newbury, Berks
Newington, South, Oxon
Newton, St. Loe, Som.
Norbury, Staffs
Normanton, Yorks
Norrington, Kent
Northam, Devon
Norton, Wore.
Norton-juxta-Kempsey, Wore.
Norwich, St. Clement
,, St. George Colegate
,, St. George Tombland
,, St. Giles
,, St. Martin-at-Palace
St. Michael-at-Plea
St. Peter Mancroft
,, Mountergate
,, St. Stephen
Nympton, Kings, Devon
Oakley, Suffolk
Ockendon, South, Essex
Odiham, Hants
Offenhani, Wore.
OfTham, Kent
Ogbourne, St. George, Wilts
Ongar, High, Essex
Orchard-Fortmari, Som.
Ordsall, Notts
Orford, Suffolk
Oswaldkirk, YoVks
Otham, Kent
Oxburgh, Norfolk
Oxwick, Norfolk

268

PARISH REGISTERS

Packington, Great, Warw.
Padbury, Bucks
Parham, Suffolk
,, Sussex
Paston, Norfolk
Pauntley, Glouc.
Peasemore, Berks
Pennard, West, Som.
Perrot, South, Dorset
Peterstow, Hereford
Pickwofth, Line.
Piddletown, Dorset
Pirton, Wore.
Pitcomb, Som.
Plymtree, Devon
Polstead, Suffolk
Pontesbright, Essex
Pontesbury, Salop
Poole, Dorset
Poughill, Cornwall
Preston, Sussex
Priors Dean, Hants
Privett, Hants
Pulham, St. Mary Magdalen, Norfolk
Pyon, Kings, Hereford
Reading, St. Mary
Rede, Suffolk
Redgrave, Suffolk
Reepham,' Norfolk
Ridware-Mavesyn, Staffs
Rimpton, Som.
Ripe, Sussex
Risington, Great, Glouc.
Rockland, St. Peter, Norfolk
Roding, High, Essex
,, Margaret, Essex
Rodmersham, Kent
Romney, Old, Kent
Ropley, Hants
Rossington, Yorks
Rothwell, York
Ruckinge, Kent
Rushbury, Salop
Rye, Sussex
Ryton-on-Dunsmore, Warw.
Saddington, Leic.
Sancton, Yorks
Sandford-Orcas, Dorset
Sandhurst, Glouc.
Sandwich, St. Mary, Kent
„ St. Peter, Kent
Sandy, Beds
Saxelby, Leic.
Saxmundham, Suffolk
Saxton, Yorks
Seaming, Norfolk
Scraptoft, Leic.
Seaton Rutland, Rutland

Semer, Suffolk
Sevenhampton, Wilts
Shadingfield, Suffolk
Shadoxhurst, Kent
Shalstone, Bucks
Sheepshed, Leic.
Shelsley-Beauchamp, Wore.
Sherborne, Dorset
Sherwell, Devon
Shimpling, Norfolk
Shimplingthorne, Suffolk
Shipton, Salop
Shipton-under-Wychwood, Oxon
Shobrooke, Devon
Shocklach, Chester
Shotesham, All Saints, Norfolk
Shustoke, Warw.
Skelton-by-York, York
Slaughter, Upper, Glouc.
Solihull, Warw.
Somerton, Suffolk
Southease, Sussex
South Hill, Cornwall
Southill, Beds
Southolt, Suffolk
Sowe, Warw.
Spalding, Line.
Spexhall, Suffolk
Spratton, Northants
Stanford Dingley, Berks
Stanford Rivers, Essex
Stanground, Hunts
Stansfield, Suffolk
Stedham, Sussex
Stevenage, Herts
Stisted, Essex
Stockland Bristol, Som.
Stoke, Norfolk
Stoke Ash, Suffolk
Stoke-by-Clare, Suffolk
Stoke Climsland, Cotnwall
Stoke, East, Notts
Stoke Edith, Hereford
Stoke Fleming, Devon
Stoke Goldington, Bucks
Stoke Hammond, Bucks
Stoke Severn, Wore.
Stoke-in-Teignhead, Devon
Stone, Bucks
Stonton Wyville, Leic.
Stoughton, Leic.
Stourmouth, Kent
Stradbroke, Suffolk
Streatham, Surrey
Stretton-on-the-Foss, Warw.
Slurry, Kent
Sutterton, Line.
Sutton, Beds

APPENDIX II

269

Sutton-by-Dover, Kent
Sutton, Long, St. Nicholas, Line.
Sutton-on-Lound, Notts
Swannington, Norfolk
Swanton Abbot, Norfolk
Swardeston, Norfolk
Tawstock, Devon
Tawton, North, Devon
TajTiton, Glouc.
„ Oxon
Tendring, Essex
Terling, Essex
Terrington St. John, Norfolk
Teston, Kent
Thelnetham, Suffolk
Thelveton, Norfolk
Therfield, Herts
Thompson, Norfolk
Thombury, Glouc.
,, Hereford
Thorndon, Suffolk
Thorpe, Derby
Thorpe Constantine, Staffs
Thorpe Market, Norfolk
Thorpe Morieux, Suffolk
Thriplow, Cambs
Thurgarton, Norfolk
Thumby, Leic.
Thuxton, Norfolk
Thwaite, St. Mary, Norfolk
Tickenham, Som.
TickhUl, Yorks
Tilney, All Saints, Norfolk
Tintagel, Cornwall
Tisted, East, Hants
,, West, Hants
TittleshaU, Norfolk
Tiverton-on-Avon, Som.
Toft Monks, Norfolk
Trimley St. Martin, Suffolk
Trowbridge, Wilts
Trusley, Derby
Tunstall, Kent
Twickeiiham, Midd.
Uckfield, Sussex
Uffculme, Devon
Ugborough, Devon
Upleadon, Glouc.
Upton, Bucks
Urchfont, Wilts
Uxbridge, Midd.
Veep, St., Cornwall
Waddesdon, Bucks
Wallop, Over, Hants
Walsgrave-on-Sowe, Warw.
Waltham. Kent

Warborough, Oxon
Wargrave, Berks
Warmborough, South, Hants
Warmingham, Chester
Wartling, Sussex
Warwick, St. Nicholas
Wasperton, Warwick
Wattisham, Suffolk
Wensley, York
Wesbury-on-Sevem, Glouc.
Westerfield, Suffolk
Westhorpe, Suffolk
Weston, Som.
,, Suffolk
Weston Turville, Bucks
Wetherden, Suffolk
Whalley, Lane.
Wharram-le-Street, Yorks
Whatton-in-the-Vale, Notts
Wheatacre Burgh, Norfolk
Wheatenhurst, Glouc.
Whittington, Lane.
,, Staffs
Wickford, Essex
Wickhamford, Wore.
Wield, Hants
Wilbraham, Little, Cambs
Wilby, Suffolk
Willesborough, Kent
Willoughby, Line.
Wilmington, Sussex
Wimbledon, Surrey
Wingfield, Suffolk
Winwick, Hants
Wiston, Suffolk
Witley, Great, Wore.
Witnesham, Suffolk
Wittenham, Little, Berks
Woodchurch, Kent
Woodford, Wilts
Woodton, Norfolk
Woolston, Great, Bucks
Worcester, St. Helen
„ St. Martin
,, St. Swithin
Worlingham, Suffolk
Worminghall, Bucks
Wortham, Suffolk
Worthy, Kings, Hants
Wouldham, Kent
Wrington, Som.
Wyberton, Line.
Wye, Kent
Wymondham, Leic.
York, St. Olave, Marygate

270

PARISH REGISTERS

APPENDIX III

LIST OF PARISH REGISTERS BEGINNING IN 1539

Acton, Midds.
,, Beauchamp, Wore.
Adisham, Kent
Ad well, Oxon
Aldborough, Norfolk
Aldingham, Lanes
Alvestdn, Warwick
Areley Kings, Wore.
Arlingham, Glouc.
Astley, Wore.
Aston-sub-Edge, Glouc.
Balcombe, Sussex
Bardfield, Little, Essex
Barnston, Essex
Battersea, Surrey
Bealings, Great, Suffolk
Beer Ferrers, Devon
Beetley, Norfolk
Belstead, Suffolk
Benger, Herts
Bentiey, Hants
„ Suffolk
Besford, Wore.
Beyton, Suffolk
Bicester, Oxon
Binton, Warwick
Birchington, Kent
Birts-Morton, Worcs.
Blisland, Cornwall
Boulge, Suffolk
Bow, Midds.
Boyton, Suffolk
Bradfield, Berks.
Bramfield, Suffolk
Branscombe, Devon
Broadway, Wore.
Buckland, Glouc.
Budbrook, Warwick
Burton-on-Trent, Staffs
Carbrooks, Norfolk
Caston, Norfolk
Cavenham, Suffolk
Chadwell, Essex
Chalfont St. Peter, Bucks
Chalgrave, Beds
Charlecote, Warwick
Chicheley, Bucks
Clifton, North, Notts
Clyst St. Lawrence, Devon
Coddenham, Suffolk

Columb, St. Major, Cornwall
Covington, Hunts
Cropwell Bishop, Notts
Crowle, AA(orcs.
Darlaston, Staffs
Darsham, Suffolk
Debach, Suffolk
Denham, Suffolk
Dominic, St., Cornwall
Donington Castle, Leic.
Durham, Great, Norfolk
Eaglescliffe, Durham
Easton-Maudit, Northants
Edensor, Derby
Edgecott, Bucks
Elm, Cambs.
Elmley-Lovett, Wore.
Emmington, Oxford
Epping, Essex
Exhall, Warwick
Eynesbury, Hunts
Farnham, Surrey
Fenton, Line.
Fiskerton, Line.
Fobbing, Essex
Fornham, St. Martin, Suffolk
Gazely, Suffolk
Grantchester, Cambs
Greenford, Midd.
Hampton, Great, Wore.
,, Little, Wore.
Harwich, Essex
Hayes, Kent
Headley, Hants
Hedgerley, Bucks
Hemington, Som.
Hempston, Little, Devon
Henham, Essex
Henstead, Suffolk
Heveningham, Suffolk
Heyford, Lower, Oxon
Holland, Great, Essex
Huggate, Yorks
Hulcote, Bucks
Huntingfield, Suffolk
Ilford, Little, Essex
lUogan, Cornwall
Ingleby-Greenhow, Yorks
Ipswich, St. Lawrence
„ St. Nicholas

APPENDIX III

271

Kensington, Midd.
Keyne, St., Cornwall
Kidderminster, Wore.
Kilkhampton, Cornwall
Kingsthorpe, Northants
Kingston Bagpuize, Berks
Kippax, Yorks
Kirkham, Lane.
Knightswick, Wore.
Lambeth, Surrey
Ledsham, Yorks
Lezant, Cornwall
Limpsfield, Surrey
Linstead Parva, Suffolk
Liskeard, Cornwall
Littleborough, Notts
London, All Hallows, Bread St.
,, Clement, St., Eastcheap
,, Martin, St., Ironmonger Lane
,, Martin, St., Ludgate
„ Nicholas, St., Aeons
Londonthorpe, Line.
Lowther, Weston
Madingley, Cambs
Marston, South, Wilts
Marton-in-the-fS'^est, York
Mashbury, Essex
Milborne Port, Som.
Milston, Wilts
Morcott, Rutland
Morland, Weston
Morley, St. Botolph, Norfolk
Moulton, Little, Norfolk
Nantwich, Cheshire
Northfleet, Kent
Northwood, I. of W.
Norton, Suffolk
Norton, Cold, Essex
Norwich, St. Simon and Jude
Nunnington, York
Ockley, Surrey
Old, Northants
Orton Waterville, Hunts
Pedmore, Wore.
Pelham, Brent, Herts
Pentlow, Essex
Pettistree, Suffolk
Piddle Hinton, Dorset
Pillerton-Hersey, Warwick
Pulham, St. Mary, Norfolk
Rainham, West, Norfolk
Ravensthorpe, Northants
Rawreth, Essex

Redmarley-d'Abitot, Wore.
Reed, Herts
Ridgmont, Beds
Ringshall, Suffolk
Romansleigh, Devon
Rotherfield, Sussex
Rowley, Regis, Staffs
Runham, Norfolk
Ryarsh, Kent
Seale, Surrey
Shenfield, Essex
Soberton, Hants
Southam, Warwick
Spelsbury, Oxon
Spetchley, Wore.
Stockton-on-Teme, Wore.
Stowting, Kent
Strathfieldsaye, Hants
Sutton Courtney, Berks
Tangmere, Sussex
Tannington, Suffolk
Tellisford, Som.
TejTiham, Kent
Thorley, Herts
Thornton Dale, York
Thrigley, Norfolk
Toft, Cambs
Tunstall, Suffolk
Waldingfield, Great, Suffolk
Walsham le Willows, Suffolk
Warley, Great, Essex
,, Little, Essex
Warsop, Notts
Watford, Herts
Watton, Norfolk
Weald, South, Essex
Wendling, Norfolk
Weston, Herts
Whiteacre, Nether Warwick
Whittington, Glouc.
Widmerpool, Notts
Windecombe, Glouc.
Wingerworth, Derby
Witchingham, Great, Norfolk
Wolverley, Wore.
Wonersh, Surrey
Wood-Eaton, Oxon
Woolverstone, Suffolk
Wootton, North, Dorset
Yapton, Sussex
Yardley, Worcester
York, St. Martin, Micklegate

272

PARISH REGISTERS

APPENDIX IV

LIST OF PRINTED PARISH REGISTERS
( The instances of Marriage entries only are not included)

Parish.

Years
Included.

By whom Printed.

Date of
Issue.

Abington Pigotts, Cambs

1653-1812

W. G. F. Pigott

1890

Adderley, Salop

1692-1812

Sal. P.R.S.

1904

Addington, Surrey .

1559-18x2

Surr. P.R.S.

1907

Adel, Yorks ....

1606-1812

Thoresby Soc, vol. v.

1895

Albans, St., Abbey, Herts

1558-1689

W. Brigg .

1897

Alberbury, Salop .

1564-1812

Sal. P.R.S.

1902

Albrighton, nr. Shrewsbury

1555-1812

)» ),

1901

,, nr. W'hampton

1649-1812

,, ,, . .

1900

Aldenham, Herts .

i559-i65'9

K. F. Gibbs

1902

Aldingham, Lanes .

1539-1812

Lanes. P.R.S. .

1907

AUerton Mauleverer, Yorks

1557-1812

YorksP.R.S. .

1908

Aimer, Dorset

1538-1812

Par. Reg. Soc. .

1907

Alnhara, Northumb.

1688-1812

North. & Dur. P.R.S.

1907

Alstonfield, Staffs. .

1538-1812

Staffs P.R.S. .

1902

Alston Moor, Camb

1700

Robert Blair

Asby, Westm.

1657-1798

1894

Ashe, Hants ....

I 606- I 807

F. W. Thoyts .

1888

Askham, Westm. .

1568-1812

M. E. Noble .

1904

Askham Richard, Yorks .

1579-1812

Yorks P.R.S. .

1908

Bampton, Westm. .

1637-1812

M. E. Noble .

1S97

Banstead, Surrey .

1 547-1 789

Par. Reg. Soc.

1896

Bardwell, Suffolk .

1538 -1650

F. E. Warren .

1893

Barlaston, Staffs .

1573-1812

Staffs P.R.S.

1905

Barnstaple, Devon .

1538-1812

Tho. Wainwright

1903

Barton-under-Needwood, Staffs

1571-1812

Staffs P.R.S.

1902-

Barwick-in-Elmett, Yorks

1653-1812

G. D. Lumb

1908 '

Baswick, Staffs

1601-1812

)) )9 • •

1903

Bath, Abbey ....

1659-1800

Harleian Reg.' Soc. .

- 1900-:

Battlefield, Salop .

1663-1812

Par. Reg. Soc.

1899

Beaumont, Essex .

1 565-1678

F. A. Crisp

1897

Bebington, Chester .

1558-1701

F. Saunders

1897

Bedstone, Salop

1719-1812

Sal. P.R.S.

1903

Beer-Hacket, Dorset

1549-1812

Par. Reg. Soc. .

1896

Bekesborne, Kent .

1558-1812

C. H. Wilkie .

1896

Berkeley, Glouc.

1653-1677

F. A. Crisp

1897

Bermondsey, Surrey

1548-1608

The Genealogist .

vols.
vi.— ix.

Berwick-on-Tweed, Northum. .

1574-1699

Northm. &Dur. P.R.S.

1905

Bidston, Cheshire .

1581-1700

W. F. Irvine .

1893

Billingsley, Salop .

1625-1812

Sal. P.R.S.

1903

Bingley, Yorks

1577-1686

Yorks P.R.S. .

1 901

Bircham Newton, Yorks .

1562-1743

Rich. Howlett .

1888

Birchington, Kent .

1539-1675

F. A. Crisp

1899

APPENDIX IV

273

Parish.

Years
Included.

By whom Printed.

Date of
Issue.

Birkenhead, Cheshire

1719-1812

Lane. & Chesh. Hist.

Soc.

1908

Birmingham, St. Martin .

1554-1708

J. Hill & W. B. Bickley

1889

Bishara, Berks

1560-1812

Par. Reg. Soc. .

1898

Bishop Middleham, Durham .

1559-1812

Northm. & Dur. P.R.S.

1906

Bitter ey, Salop

1658-1812

Sal. P.R.S. Hereford

Dioc.
1902
Bitton, Gloucs.
1572-1674
Par. Reg. Soc. .
1900
Blacktoft, Yorks .
1700-1812
Yorks P.R.S. .
1901
Bobbingworth, Essex
1558-1785
F. A Crisp
1888
Boeking, Essex
1558-1639
J. J. Godwin
1903
Bolton Abbey, Yorks
1689-1 812
A. P. Howes
1895
Bolton-by-BoUand, Yorks
1558-1724
Yorks P.R.S.
1904
Boningale, Salop .
1690-1812
Sal. P.R.S. Lich. Dioc.
1901
Bothal, Northm. .
1678-1812
Northm. & Dur. P.R.S.
1901
Boughton-under-Blean, Kent .
1558-1626
Par. Reg. Soc. .
1903
Bramfield, Suffolk .
I 539-1 596
T. G. Hill .
1894
Brampton, Norfolk.
i6oo=-i8i2
A. T. Michell .
1897
Brantingham, Yorks
1653-1812
Yorks P.R.S. .
1902
Bretforton, Wore. .
1538-1837
W. H. Shawcross
1908
Breward St., Cornwall .
1558-1900
T. Taylor .
1900
Brewood, Staffs
1562-1812
Staffs P.R.S. .
1906
Brindle, Lanes
1558-1714
Lane. P.R.S. .
1901
Broad-Chalk, Wilts
1538-1780
A. G. Moore
1880
Bromfield, Salop .
1559-1812
Sal. P.R.S. Hereford
Dioc.
1903
Broseley, Salop
1570-1750
A. F. C. Longley
1889-90
Broughton, Salop .
1705-1812
Sal. P.R.S. Lich. Dioc.
1900
Brundish, Suffolk .
1562-1785
F. A. Crisp
1885
Bruton, Som 
1554-1680
Par. Reg. Soc.
1907
Buckenham, Old, Norfolk
1565-1649
Walter Rye
1902
Burgh-next-Aylsham, Norfolk .
1563-1810
Norf. Archseol. .
vol. ix.
Bumley, Lanes
1562-1653
Lane. P.R.S. .
1899
Burnsall, Yorks
1559-1812
W. J. Stavert .
1893
Burton Fleming, Yorks .
1538-1812
Yorks P.R.S.
1899
Burton Kirk, Yorks
1541-1711
F. A. Collins, 2 vols. .
\ 1887,
j 1902
Burton, Long, Dorset
1580-1812
C. H. Mayo
1894
Bury, Lanes ....
I 590-1646
Lane. P.R.S. .
1898
Buxhall, Suffolk .
1558-1699
Hist, of Buxhall .
1902
Calverley, York
1574-1720
S. Margerison, 2 vols.
) 1880,
11887
Cambridge, St. Michael .
1 538-1837
Camb. Antiq. Soc.
xxviii.
1891
Canon Frome, Hereford .
1680-1812
Par. Reg. Soc. .
1905
Canterbury, St. Alphege.
i558-r8oo
J. M. Cowper .
1889
Cathedral .
1564-1873
Harl. Reg. Soc. .
1875
,, St. Dunstan.
1559-1800
J. M. Cowper .
1887
,, St. George .
1 538-1 800
,,
1 891
,, St. Mary Magdalen
1559-1800
J, ¦ •
1890
„ St. Paul
1562-1800
j>
1893
,, St. Peter .
1 560- 1 808
it
1880
18
274

PARISH REGISTERS

Parish.

Years
Included.

By whom Printed.

Date of
Issue.

Carburton, Notts

1528-1812

G. W. Marshall .

1888

Carlton, Suffolk

I 538-1885

F. A. Crisp

1886

Castle Church, Staffs

1567-1812

Staffs P.R.S.

1903

Caundle, Bishop, Dorset

1570-1814

C. H. Mayo

1895

Chelmarsh, Salop .

1556-1812

Sal. P.R.S.

1903

Chelsham, Surrey .

1669-1812

Surrey P.R.S. .

1907

Cherry Burton, Yorks

1561-1740

Yorks P.R.S. .

1903

Chesham, Bucks .

15.38-1636

J. W. G. Pegge . .

1904

Chester Cathedral .

1687-1812

Par. Reg. Soc. .

1904

Chillesford, Suffolk .

1740-1776

F. A. Crisp

1886

Chillingham, Northm.

1696

Robert Blair

Chipping, Lane.

1559-1694

Lane. P.R.S.

1903

Chipstead, Surrey .

1656-1812

Surrey P.R.S. .

1909

Chirbury, Salop

1629-1812

Sal. P.R.S. Heref. Dioc.

1903

Chislet, Kent ....

1538-1707

Robt. Hovenden

1887

Claverley, Salop

1 568-1685

Sal. P.R.S. Lichf. Dioc.

Cleobury Mortimer, Salop

1601-1812

Sal. P.R.S. Hereford

Dioc.
.1904
vols. ix.
Clerkenwell, St. James, Midds.
1551-1754
Harl. Reg. Soe. .
and XX.
1884,1899
Clive, Salop ....
1671-1812
Sal. P.R.S. Lichf.
Dioc.
1902
Clunbury, Salop
1574-1812
Par. Reg. Soc. .
1901
Clyst, St. George, Devon
1565-1812
jj )j
1899
Cockenham, Lane. .
1595-1657
Lane. P.R.S. .
1904
Colchester, St. Leonard .
1670
F. A. Crisp
Coleby, Line 
1561-1812
Par. Reg. Soc. .
1903
Colne, Lane 
1599-1653
Lane. P.R.S. .
1904
Colton, Lane 
1623-1812
A. A. Williams .
1891
Columb St., Major, Cornw.
I 539-1 780
A. J. Jewers
1881
Condover, Salop
1570-1812
Sal. P.R.S. Lichf.
Dioc.
1901
Coniscliffe, Durham
1590-1812
Northm. & Dur. P.R.S.
1908
Coniston, Lane.
1599-1700
Lane. P.R.S. .
1907
Conistone, Yorks .
1567-1812
W. J. Stavert .
1894
Conway, Carnarvon
1541-1793
A. Hadley .
1900
Cressage, Salop
1605-1812
Par. Reg. Soc. .
1900
Cropthorne, Wore. .
1557-1717
F. A. Crisp
1896
Croston, Lane.
I 543-1685
Lane. P.R.S. .
1900
Culpho, Suffolk
1721-1886
F. A. Crisp
1886
Cundall, Yorks
1582-1780
H. D. Eshelby .
1898
Dale Abbey, Derby
1677-1731
Derb. Arch. Journ.
1900
Dalston, Camb.
1570-1812
J. Wilson .
1893
Denham (nr. Bury), Suffolk .
1539-1850
S. H. A. Harvey
1904
Denton, Durham .
1586-1662
J. R. Walbran .
1842
Dewsbury, Yorks .
1538-1653
S. J. Chadwick .
1898
Didsbury, Lane.
1561-1757
Lane. P.R.S. .
1900
Dinsdale, Low Durham .
1556-1812
Soc. of Antiq. of New
castle-upon-Tyne
Doddington, Line. .
1562-1812
Par. Reg. Soe. .
1898
APPENDIX IV

275

Parish.

Years
Included.

By whom Printed.

Date of
Issue.

Donington, Salop .

1556-1812

Sal. P.R.S. Lichf Dioc.

1901

Dunham, Notts

1654-1812

Thoroton Reg. Soc. .

Durham, St. Margaret .

1558-1812

Northm. & Dur. P.R.S.

1904

St. Oswald

1538-1751

A. W. Headlam .

1891

the Cathedral .

I 609- I 896

Harl. Reg. Soc. .

1897

,, St. Mary .

1568-1812 Northm.&Dur. P.R.S. ;

1908

Durnford, Wilts .

1 574-1650 Sir T. Phillipps .

1823

Eastham, Cheshire .

1 598- 1 700 1 F. Sanders.

1891

Ebchester, Durham

1689-1812 1 Northm. & Dur. P.R.S.

1900

Ecclesfield, Yorks .

1558-1621 A. S. Gatty

1878

Eccleston, Lane.

1603-1694 Lane. P.R.S.

1903

Edburton, Sussex

1558-1673 1 C. H. Wilkie

1884

Edgton, Salop

1722-1812 Par. Reg. Soc. .

1903

Edlingham, Northm.

1658-1812 j Northm. & Dur. P.R.S.

1903

Edstaston, Salop .

1712-1812 Sal. P.R.S.

1908

Edwinstow, Notts .

1634-1758 G. W. MarshaU .

1891

Eglingham, Northm.

1662-1812 Northm. & Dur. P.R.S.

1899

Elland, Yorks

1559-1640 J. W. Clay .

1897

EUough, Suffolk .

1540-1812 , F. A. Crisp

1886

Elmham, North, Norfolk

1536-1631 A. G. Legge

1888

Elmsted, Kent

1552-1812 C. H. Wilkie .

1891

Elsdon, Northumb.

1672-1812 Soc. of Antiq. New

castle-on-Tyne

1903

Esh, Durham .

1567-1812

1896

Exeter, the Cathedral

1594-1813

Dev. & Corn. Rec. Soc.

/1905-\1907

Famham, Yorks

1569-1812

Par. Reg. Soc. .

1905

Felkirk „ •

1701-1812

A. N. J. Royds

1904

Fewston , „

1593-1812 ' T. Parkinson

1899

Fillongley, Warw. .

I 538-1653

1893

Fitz, Salop

1559-1812 Sal. P.R.S.

1903

Ford „ . . . .

1589-1812 „ „ . •

1900

Fownhope, Hereford

1538-1673 F. A. Crisp

1899

Frodesley, Salop .

1547-1812 Sal. P.R.S.

1903

Frodsham, Cheshire

1558-1812 1 Edmund Jermyn .

1908

Frostenden, Suffolk

1538-1791

! F. A. Crisp

1887

Fryston-Monk, Yorks

1538-1678

Par. Reg. Soc. .

i8j6

Fyfield, Essex

1538-1700

F. A. Crisp

1896
1

Gargrave, Yorks

1558-1812

Yorks P.R.S. .

1907

Garrigill, Cumb. .

1699-1730

C. Caine .

1901

Glasbury, Brecon .

1660-1836 Par. Reg. Soc. .

1904

Godalming, Surrey .

1582-1688 ' Surrey, P.R.S. .

' 1905

Greensted, Essex .

1558-1812 1 F. A. Crisp

1892

Greet, Salop ....

1728-1812 1 Sal. P.R.S.

1905

Grimsby, Great, Line. .

1 538-1812 i G. S. Stephenson

1889

Grimshill, Salop

1592-1812 1 Sal. P.R.S.

1902

Grinton, Yorks

1640-1807 YorksP.R.S.

! 1905

Gulval, Cornwall .

1598-1812 ' G. B. Miller

1893

Habberley, Salop .

1 1670-1822

1 Sal. P.R.S.

1 1906

276

PARISH REGISTERS

Parish.

Years
Included.

By whom Printed. ^^^^f

Hackney, York

1557-1783

YorksP.R.S.

1906

Hadham, Little, Herts

1559-1812

W. Minet .

1907

Halifax, York

1538-1641

W. J. Walker

. 1883

Hallam, West, Derby

1538-1691

Derb. Arch. Soc

Journ. 1887

Halston, Salop

1686-1812

Sal. P.R.S.

1899

Hampden, Great, Bucks .

1557-1812

E. A. Ebblewhi

te . 1888

Hampsthwaite, 'Yorks

I 603- I 807

Yorks P.R.S.

1902

Hamstall-Ridware, Staffs

1598-1812

Staffs ,,

1904

Hanham Abbots, Glouc.

1584-1681

Par. Reg. Soc.

1908

Hanwood, Salop

1559-1763

Sal. P.R.S.

1900

Harbledown, Kent .

I 557-1800

J. M. Cowper

1907

Harewood, Hereford

1671-1812

J. H. Parry

1900

Harley, Salop

1598-1812

Sal. P.R.S.

1902

Harrow, Middl. •

1558-1653

W. 0. Hewlett

1900

Hartshead, Yorks .

1612-1812

York P.R.S.

1903

Haslemere, Surrey

I 594-1812

Par. Reg. Soc.

1906

Haughton, Staffs .

1570-1812

Staffs P.R.S.

1902

Haughton-le-Skerne, Durham .

1569

Robert Blair

Hawkshead, Lane. .

1568-1704

H. S. Cowper

1890

Hawnby, Yorks

1653-1722

E. E. Thoyts

1890

Hawnes, Beds

1596-1812

W. Briggs .

1891

Haydon, Line.

1559-1649

Par. Reg. Soc.

. 1897

Headon, Notts

1566-1812

J» 5J

1902

Hebburn, Northm. .

1680-X812

Northm. & Dur. I

'.R.S. 1901

Heswall, Cheshire

1559-1729

T. H. Way

. 1897

Holbeach, Line.

1606-1641

G. G. W. Macdc

maid . 1892

Holnest, Dorset

1589-1812

C. H. Mayo

1894

Hopton Castle, Salop

1538-1812

Par. Reg. Soc.

1901

Horbling, Line

1653-1837'

H. Peet .

• 1895

Horbury, Yorks

1598-1812

YorksP.R.S.

1900

Hordley, Salop

1686-1812

Sal. P.R.S.

1908

Homeastle, Line. .

1558-1850

J. C. Hudson

1900

Horningsheath, Suffolk .

1559-1639

S. H. A. Harve}

1892

Howden, Yorks

1593-1702

Yorks P.R.S.

1904-

Huggate

1539-1812

Par. Reg. Soc.

1901

Hughley, Salop

1576-1812

», ji

1901

Ickworth, Suffolk .

1 566- 1 890

S. H. A. Harve>

1894

Ingleby-Greenhow, Yorks

1539-1800

J. Howell .

1889

Ingram, Northm. .

1682-1812

Northm. & Dur. F

.R.S. 1903

Ipswich, St. Nicholas

1539-1710

Par. Reg. Soc.

1897

St. Peter .

I 662- I 700

F. A. Crisp

. 1897

Irby-upon-Humber, Line.

1558-1785

)> ))

1890

Kegidog, Denbigh .

1694-1749

)) )»

1890

Kelsale, Suffolk .

1538-1812

1887

Kempsford, Glouc. .

1653-1700

jj 3,

1887

Kenley, Salop

1682-1812

Sal. P.R.S.

1902

Kensington, Middl.

1539-1673

Harl. Reg. Soc.

1890

Kingston, Kent

1558-1837

C. H. Wilkie

1893

Kinnerley, Salop

1667-1812

Sal. P.R.S.

1907

Kippax, Yorks

1539-1812

YorksP.R.S.

1901

Kirkburton, Yorks .

1541-1711

F. A. Collins

. 1887

APPENDIX IV

277

Parish.

Years
Included.

By whom Printed.

Date of
Issue.

Kirk Ella, Yorks .

1558-1841

Par. Reg. Soc. .

1897

Kirklington ,, .

1 568-18 1 2

Yorks P.R.S. .

1909

Kirkoswald, Cumb.

1577-1812

Rev. Canon Thornleigh

1901

Knaresdale, Northm.

1695

Robert Blair

Knightwick, Wore. .

1538-1812

J. B. Wilson

1891

Knoddishall, Suff .

1566-1705

Arthur T. Winn .

1907

Lambourne, Essex .

1 582- 1 709

F. A. Crisp

1890

Ledbury, Hereford .

1 556-1676

Par. Reg. Soc.

1899

Ledsham, Yorks

1539, 1812

York P.R.S.

1906

Lee, Kent

1579-1784

L. L. Duncan .

1888

Leebotwood, Salop

1547-1812

Sal. P.R.S.

1905

Leeds, St. Peter .

1572-1722

Thoresby Soc.

1889

Leigh, Lane. ....

1559-1624

J. H. Hanning .

1882

Lesbury, Northm. .

1689-1812

Northm. & Dur. P.R.S.

1908

Letheringham, Suffolk .

1588-1812

P. C. Rushen .

1901

Lewisham, Kent

1558-1750

L. L. Duncan

1891

Leyland, Lane.

1656-1710

Manch. Rec. Soc.

1890

Liverpool, Lane.

1660-1673

Henry Peet

1873

Llandinabo, Heref. .

1596-1812

J. H. Parry

1900

Llansannan, Denbigh

1666-1812

R. Ellis .

1900

Llantrithyd, Glamorgan .

1571-1810

H. S. Hughes .

1888

London, All Hallows, London

Wall .
1559-1675
R. Hovenden
1878
,, St. Antholin
1538-1734
Harl. Reg. Soc. .
1883
St. Botolph, Bishops-)
gate . . . /
1558-1753
A. W. C. Hallen
1886,189s
,, Charter House Chapel
1671-1839
Harl. Reg. Soc. .
1892
Christ Church, New
gate Street
1538-1754
), 3>
1895
,, Christopher, St., Le
Stocks .
1538-1781
E. Freshfield .
1882
, , Dionis, St. , Backchurch
1538-1754
Harl. Reg. Soc. .
1886
Edmund, St. .
1670-1812
W. Brigg .
1892
Helen, St., Bishops
gate
1575-1837
Harl. Reg. Soc. .
1904
Olave, St., Hart St. .
1563
A. Povah's Annals of
St. Olave
1894
,, Lincoln's Inn Chapel
1695-1852
Records of Line. Inn,
vol. ii.
1896
,, Martin, St., In-the-
Fields .
1550-1619
Harl. Reg. Soc. .
1899
,, Martin, St., Outwich
1670-1873
5» 5)
1905
,, Mary, St., Aldermary
1558-1754
1880
Paul, St., Covent
Garden .
1653-1837
)) ?3 ¦ ¦
1906-8
,, Paul, St., Cathedral.
I 697- I 896
JJ J) • •
1899
Peter, St., Cornhill .
1 538-1774
>» >»
1877-S
,, Temple Church
1628-1853
Burial Register .
1905
Thomas, St., The
Apostle .
1538-1754
Harl. Reg. Soc. .
1881
„ Vedast, St., Foster
Lane
1558-1837
J, )) • •
1902-3
278

PARISH REGISTERS

Parish.

Years
Included.

By whom Printed.

Date of
Issue.

London, Westminster Abbey .

1606-1875

Harl. Reg. Soc. .

187s

Longdon-on-Tern, Salop .

1692-1812

Sal. P.R.S.

1902

Longnor ,, .

1586-1812

)l >)

1905

Lowestoft, Suffolk .

1650-1750

F. A. Crisp

1901

Luffenham, North, Rutland .

1572-1812

Par. Reg. Soe. .

1906

Lydham, Salop

1596-1812

Sal. P.R.S.

1903

Lydlinch, Dorset .

1559-1812

Par. Reg. Soc. .

1899

Macclesfield, Cheshire

1572-1812

Mace. Par. Mag.

1886

Madron, Cornwall .

1577-1726

G. B. Millett .

1877

Manfield, Yorks

1594-1812

W. J. Stavert .

1898

Marlow, Great, Bucks

1592-1611

Bucks P.R.S. .

1904

Marsham, Norfolk .

1538-1836

A. T. Michell .

1889

Marshfield, Glouc. .

I 558-1693

F. A. Crisp

1893

Marske-by-the-Sea, Yorks

1569-1812

Yorks P.R.S. .

1903

Maxey, Northants .

1538-1713

W. D. Sweeting .

1892

Melverley, Salop .

1723-1812

Par. Reg. Soc. .

1899

Merstham, Surrey .

1538-1812

,, ,, . .

1902

Methley, Yorks

1560-1812

Thoresby Soc, vol. xli.

1903

Middleton St. George, Durham

1616-1812

Northm. & Dur. P.R.S.

1906

Middleton, Lane.

1594-1663

Lane. P.R.S. .

1902

Middleton Scriven, Salop

1728-1812

Sal. P.R.S.

1906

Milwich, Staffs.

1573-1711

Staffs P.R.S.

1904

Monk-Hopton, Salop

1698-1812

Sal. P.R.S.

1903

Montford, Salop

1559-1812

H 53 • •

1906

Morden, Surrey

1634-1812

Par. Reg. Soc. .

1901

More, Salop .

1569-1812

Sal. P.R S.

1900

Moreton, Essex

1558-1759

F. A. Crisp

1890

Moreton-Corbet, Salop .

1580-1812

Par. Reg. Soc. .

igox

Moreton-Say ,,

1690-1812

Sal. P.R.S.

1907

Moze, Essex .

1551-1678

F. A. Crisp

1899

Munsley, Hereford .

1662-1812

Par; Reg. Soc. .

1903

Muston, Leic.

1561-1730

T. M. Blagg

1908

Neenton, Salop

1538-1812

Sal. P.R.S.

1903

Newchurch Kenyon, Leic.

1599-1812

Par. Reg. Soe. .

1905

Newenden, Kent .

1559-1812

.

1897

Norwich, St. George Tombland

1538-1707

G.'b. Jay' .

189X

St. Michael at Plea .

1538-1695

T. R. Tallack .

1892

Oldham, Lane.

1558-1661

Giles Shaw

1889

OUerton, Notts

1592-1812

G. W. Marshall .

X896

Olney, Bucks ....

1665-1812

Bucks P.R.S. .

X907-8

Ongar, Chipping, Essex .

1558-1750

F. A. Crisp

x886

Ormskirk, Lane.

1557-1626

Lane. P.R.S.

1902

Orpington, Kent

1560-1754

H. C. Kinley .

1895

Oswestry, Salop

1558-1630

Sal. P.R.S.

X 904-6

Otley, Yorks ....

1 562-181 2

Yorks P.R.S. .

1908

Padiham, Lane.

1573-1650

Lane. P.R.S. .

1903

Pakenham, Suffolk .

I 564- I 766

F. A. Crisp

1888

Pakington, York

1570-1731

Yorks P.R.S. .

1900

Parkham, Devon .

1537-18x2

Dev. & Corn. Rec. Soc.

X906

APPENDIX IV

279

Parish.

Years
Included.

By whom Printed.

Date of
Issue.

Peak Forest, Derby

1678-X812

G. W. Marshall .

1901

Pencoyd, Hereford .

1564-18x2

G. J. H. Parry .

1900

Pennington, Lane. .

X6X2-X702

Lane. P.R.S.

1907

Penrith, Cumb.

X 556-1601

G. Watson .

1893

Perlethorpe, Notts .

X528-I8I2

G. W. Marshall .

1887

Peterston - super Ely, Gla

morgan ....

X749-X8I2

A. F. C. C. Langley .

1888

Pickhill, Yorks

X567-X8I2

Yorks P.R.S.

1904

Pitchford, Salop

X558-X8X2

Par. Reg. Soe.

X900

Plympton, St. Mary, Devon .

X 603 -I 683

Par. Mag. .

x89x,etc.

,, St. Maurice ,,

x6x6-i8i2

,, , , .

x888,etc.

Pontesbury, Salop .

x538-x8x2

Sal. P.R.S.

1909

Poulton-le-Fylde, Lane. .

1591-1677

Lane. P.R.S. .

1904

Prestbury, Cheshire

x56o-i636

Lane. & Chesh. Rec.

Soc, vol. V. .
x88x
Priors Dean, Hants
1538-18x2
T. Hervey .
1886
Ratlinghope, Salop .
1755-1812
Sal. P.R.S.
1909
Rattlesden, Suffolk .
1558-1758
J. R. Olorenshaw
1900
Ravenstonedale, Westm. .
X57X-X812
R. W. Metcalfe .
1893-4
Reading, St. Mary .
X538-X812
G. P. Crawford .
1892
Redruth, Cornwall .
X560-X7X6
F. C. Peter
1894
Richmond, Surrey .
1583-1720
Surrey P.R.S. .
1905
Ridware, Pipe, Staffs
X56X-1812
Staffs P.R.S
X905
Rilston, Yorks
x5S9-x8i2
C. H. Lowe
1895-6
Rocester, Staffs
1566-X705
Staffs P.R.S.
X906
Rochdale, Lane.
X582-X64X
H. Fishwick
X888-9
Rochester, Cathedral
X657-X837
Tho. Shindler .
X892
Roos, Yorks ....
157X-X812
R. B. Machell .
x888
Rothbury, Northm.
X658-X812
Par. Magazine .
Rotherham ,, . .
X542-1812
John Guest .
1879
Rothwell, Yorks .
1538-1639
Yorks P.R.S. .
1906
Ronington, Warw. .
x6X2-l8l2
Par. Reg. Soc. .
1899
Rushall, Norfolk .
x686-x8i2
Records of Rushall
X892
Rushbrook, Suffolk
X567-X850
S. H. A. Hervey
1903
Ryton, Durham
X58X-1812
Northm. &Dur. P.R.S.
X902
Saddleworth, Yorks
X613-X800
J. Radcliffe
X 888-9 X
Sanderstead, Surrey
X564-1812
Surrey P.R.S. .
1908
Samesfield, Hereford
1660-X897
Par. Reg. Soc. .
X898
Scorborough, Yorks
X653-1800
Yorks P.R.S. .
X901
Selattyn, Salop
1557-18x2
Par. Reg. Soc. .
X906
Shackerstone, Leic.
1 5 58- X 630
Leic. Arch. Soc. Trans.
vol. XV. .
Sal. P.R.S.
Sheinton, Salop
X658-X8I2
X902
Shelton, Notts
X595-I8X2
T. M. Blagg
X900
Sheriff Hales, Salop
X557-I8I2
Sal. P.R.S.
1908
Shipton „
X538-X8I2
Par. Reg. Soc. .
1899
Shrawardine ,,
X645-I8X2
Shrops. Arch. Soc.
vol. vii. .
1895
Sibdon Garwood, Salop .
X583-I8I2
Par. Reg. Soc. .
1899
Sidbury, Salop
X560-I8X2
Sal. P.R.S.
X901
Simonburn, Northm.
x68x
Robert Blair
28o

PARISH REGISTERS

Parish.

Years
Included.

By whom Printed.

Date of
Issue.

Siston, Glouc.
Skipton, Yorks
Smethcote, Salop
Solihull, 'Warwick
Somerby (Grantham), Line,
Southam, Warw.
Staines, Middl.
Standon, Staffs
Stanton-Lacy, Salop
Stapleford-Tawney, Esse;
Stapleton, Salop
Stewkley, Bucks
Stifford, Essex
Stirchley, Salop
Stockport, Cheshire
Stoke, Essex .
Stoke Pogis, Bucks
Stokeley, Yorks
Stourpaine, Dorset .
Stourton, 'Wilts
Stow, West, Suffolk
Stratford, Fenny, Bucks
Stratford-on-Avon, Warw.
Street, Som. .
Stretton, Wilts
Stubton, Line.
Sturminster Marshall, Dorset
Swainswick, Som. .
Tannington, Suffolk
Tarrant Hinton, Dorset
Tasley, Salop .
Tatenhill, Staffs
Tatsfield, Surrey
Terrington, Yorks .
Thanet, St. Laurence, Kent.
Theydon Mount, Essex
Thorington, Suffolk
Thombury, Glouc.
Thomford, Dorset
Thornhill, York
Thornton, Bucks
Tong, Salop .
Topcliffe, Yorks
Toppesfield, Essex
Trentham, Staffs
Tynemouth, Northm.
Uffington, Salop
Ulgham, Northm. .
Ulverstone, Lane. .
Upholland ,,
Uppington, Salop

1576-X64X1592-X8X2x6o9-x8x2 I 538-1688
X60X-17X3 1539-1657X 644- X 694
1558-18x2X56x-i8x21558-1752 1546-X8121545-X6431568-1783 1638-18x2X584-X6201563-17001563-16531571-17501631-17991570-X800X558-18561730-X812 1558-18121559-17621608X577-X628X563-18X21557-1798 1539-1714x545-x8x2
X563-X8X2 1563-X812
x69o-x8x2 x599-x8x2
X560-1653 X564-X8X5X561-X88X1538-1700 1677-18x21580-X8121562-18x2X629-1812 1654-X8881559-16501558-1812I 607-1 703
X578-X812 X6021545-18x2X60O-X735 1650-X812

H. B. M'Call .
W. J. Stavert .
Par. Reg. Soc. .
)j )>
Leic. Arch. Soc.
History of Southam.
F. A. Crisp
Staffs P.R.S.
Sal. P.R.S.
F. A. Crisp
Par. Reg. Soc.
R. B. Dickson
F. A. Crisp
Sal. P.R.S.
E. W. Batheley
E. P. Gibson
Bucks P.R.S.
YorksP.R.S.E. A. Fry .
Harl. Reg. Soc.
S. H. A. Hervey
Par. Reg. Soc.
A. J. Jewers
Sir T. Phillipps
F. A. Crisp
Edith Hobday
Annals of Swainswick
F. A. Crisp
Par. Reg. Soc. .
Sal. P.R.S. . .
Staffs P.R.S. .
Surrey P.R.S.
Yorks P.R.S. .
C. H. Wilkie .
J. J. Howard
T, S. Hill .
Mrs. Baldwyn Childe
Dorset Records .
Yorks P.R.S .
Bucks P.R.S. .
Sal. P.R.S.
W. Smith .
H. B. Barnes .
Staffs P.R.S.
R. H. Couchman

Sal. P.R.S.
Robert Blair
C. W. Bardsley
Lane. P.R.S.
Sal. P.R.S.

19011894-61899
1904
vol. v.
18941887X9021904
X892 X90X1897X8851904X889 x88x
X9081901 1 900
vol. xii.
1905 1906
X897-8

1883X90XX890X884 1902190X1905X906 19071902189XX884 1903
X907 X902
1903 x8881905 1906 X902 X901 18S61905 1903

APPENDIX IV

281

Parish.

Years
Included.

By whom Printed.

Date of
Issue.

Upton, Berks .
, , Cheshire
Walesby, Notts
Wallasey, Cheshire
Walsall, Staffs
Walton, Bucks
Walton-on-the-Hill, Lane
Wanborough, Wilts
Wanborough, Surrey
Wandsworth ,,
Warkworth, Northm.
Warlingham, Surrey
Warsop, Notts
Warton, Lane.
Wath-on-Deaine, Yorks
Weald, South, Essex
Weddington, Warw.
Wedmore, Som.
Welford, Berks
Wellington, Som.
Wellow, Notts
Wem, Salop .
Wenlock, Much, Salop
Westbury, Salop
Whaddon, Glouc. .
'Whalley, Lane.
Whitburn, Durham .
Whitkirk, Yorks .
Whittington, Lane. .
„ Salop .
Whorlton, Durham .
Wigan, Lane. .
Wigborough, Great, Essex
,, Little ,,
Wilton, Som. .
Winchester Cathedral
Windlesham, Surrey
Winstead, Yorks
Withington, Salop .
Woldingham, Surrey
Womeswold, Kent .
Woolstaston, Salop .
Wootton-Leek, 'Warw.
Wootton, North Dorset
Worcester, St. Alban's .
„ St. Helen
„ St. Peter the Great
Worksop, Notts
Worthen, Salop

X588-X7XIx6oo-x8i2 1580-X797X574-X600 1570-1649 1598-18x21586-X663 1582-X653X56X-1786X603-X787 1677-X8X2 1653-X8X2X539-X812X568-X669 1598-17791539-1573 X663-X812X561-X8601559-1812 X683, etc.
X703-X8121583-1675 1539-1560X637-1812 X674-X71XX538-160X 1579-18x2X 603- X 700
X538-X764 X59i-x8x2X626-1812r58o-x6251560-X8X2x586-x8x21558-1837x599-x8x2 X677-17831578-X81XX59x-x8x2 1765-1812x574-x8x2x6ox-x7X2 X 685- X 742
1539-1786X638-X8X2X538-1812 X580-X8501558-1771
X5s8-i8i2

Par. Reg. Soc.

Lane, and Ches. Hist,
Soc.
F. W. Willmore .
Bucks P.R.S. .
Lane. P.R.S. .
Sir Tho. Phillipps
Surrey P. R.S. .
J. T. Squire
Soc. of Antiq., New
castle
Surrey P.R.S. .
R. J. King .
Par. Mag. .
Yorks P.R.S. .
R. Hovenden
Par. Reg. Soc. .
S. H. A. Hervey
H. M. Batson .
Humphrey's Hist, q
Wellington
G. W. Marshall .
Sal. P.R.S.
C. Hartshome .
Sal. P.R.S.
Glouc. iv. and v.
Lane. P.R.S. .
Northm. & Dur. P. R.S
Records of Whitkirk
Lane. P.R.S. .
Sal. P.R.S.
Northm. & Dur. P.R.S
Lane. P.R.S. .
F. Stephenson .
33
J. H. Spencer
Hants P.R.S. .
W. Glanville-Richards
Yorks P.R.S.
Sal. P.R.S.
Surrey P.R.S. .
C. H. Wilkie .
Sal. P.R.S.
Sir T. Phillipps .
C. H. Mayo
Par. Reg. Soc. .
J. B. Wilson
S. H. A. Hervey
G. W. Marshall .
Sal. P.R.S.

18971900 1898
vol. xxxv.
X8901902 X900 X906

18971903-4X884
x883,etc. X902 X889 1904
1888-90 X892
rx889-
\.X908 X896X90818611909
vol. iv.
X9001904 189218991909190818991905 33
X890X90218811900 1904X906X898 189918771896 1900
1903 18941909

282

PARISH REGISTERS

Parish.

Years
Included.

By whom Printed.

Date< Issue

Woughton-on-the-Green, Bucks
Wrockwardine, Salop
Wroxall, Warw.

York, the Minster .
„ St. Martin's, Coney St,
,, ,, Micklegate
,, S. Michael le Belfry
, , Holy Trinity, Micklegate

1558-17181591-1791X586-X612
X634-X8361557-18121539-1653
X56S-X7781586-1653

Bucks P.R.S. .
Sal. P.R.S.,
Records of Wroxall

York Arch. Soc. .
Yorks P.R.S. .
E. Bulmer .
YorksP.R.S. .
W. H. F. Bateman

vols. 1
and vi
vol. vi
1903
vols, i
ii.,iii.,' 1909
18931899
19OX1893

INDEX

Abingdon, St. Helen's, 236
Abington, 45, 83
Accidental deaths, X28-4X
Acrobats on steeples, 130
Acton Trussell, 242
Adel, 74
Albrighton, 55, X04, X07, 108, X17, X78
Aldenham, 61, 68, 9X
Alkmanton, X93
Allendale, X36
Almandbury, 206
Alrewas, 183, 243
Alstonfield, X05, XI3, X26, X28, 135,
X77, 206
Ambleside, X3
Anabaptists, X09-XO, 255
Andrewes, Bishop, 55
Appleby, x68, X99
Appleby St. Michael, 13
Arley, 243
Armada, the, X05-6
Armitage, 243
Ashborne, 91, xoo-2
Ashby St. Ledgers, X3
Ashford, 243
Ashingdon, 2x8
Ashover, X23-4
Ashperton, 239
Askham, 4X, 52, 213, 230
Aston-by-Birmingham, 73, 100-3, 130,
x86
Aston, North, 220
Atworth, 255
Aveley, 2x8
Bakewell, X2i, 226, 231, 242
Bamburgh, 70, 203
Banns, 82-3
Baptism, in basins, 42
basebom, 54, 72-S
according to the Directory, 36-7, 44
in the font, 42
by midwives, 56-8
name alterecl, 69-70
registers of, 39, 58
unusual entries , 43-6

Barnard Castle, 167
Barnstaple, 40, 73, 205, 2x5
Barrow, X32, 210
Barton, Long, X77
Barton Seagrave, X57, 202
Barton-under-Needwood, X04
Basingstoke, 7X, 174, X77
Baslow, 2x3
Bastards, 72-5
Baston, 243
Beaconsfield, 246
Beauchief Abbey, X58, 236
Beckingham, 243
Becley, 243
Bedwall, 242
Beeston, x8, 90, xox, xo8, X29
Bekesbourne, 84
Belper, x6x-2
Benefit of Clergy, 227
Berkswell, 243
Bermondsey, 90
Beverley, St. Mary, 80, 195
Bidding Prayer, the, 34
Bingley, X12
Birchington, 50, 120
Birth Registers, 36, 40-1, 254-5
Bishop Middleham, X09, X15
Bishop Wearmouth, 57
Bishops' Transcripts, 6, 240-4
Bishop's Wellington, 242
Bitterley, X04
Black Death, the, 158
Blakesley, X29
Blatherwick, 44
Bleasby, 243
Blidworth, 243
Bloody Assize, the, 203-4
Bobbin, 76
Bobbingworth, 57, 83
Bond's Fonts and Font Cavers, 42
Border warfare, 186-7
Bothal, X05, 1X6
Boughton, 205
Boughton-under-Blean, 224
Bourton-on-the- Water, X xo
Bow Brickhill, 245

283

284

PARISH REGISTERS

Bow Stones, Cheshire, X64
Bowden family, 52
Bozeat, 216
Bradenham, West, 18
Bradley tragedy, 175
Brailsford, 192 ,
Bramfield, 72, 82
Breadsall, 100, xxo
Breaston, 242
Brenchley, X3
Brentford, 23 x
Brewood, 90
Brickhill, Little, xx7
Bridgwater, x8x
Bridlington Quay, 195
Brignal, 2x4
Brimington, x6x
Brington, 20- x
Bromfield, X96, 224
Broseley, 74
Broughton, 246
Broxley, 62
Brundish, 4X
Bruton, 1x7, 194-5, 215
Buckley, Long, 21, xoo
Burbage, 255
Burghley, Lord Treasurer, 5
Burials, 96-127
without coffins, X20-X
of criminals, X18-9
of debtors, X26
of excommunicate, 105-xo
by night, 107-X8
noteworthy, 98-X03
in orchards, X09-X0
offered for passing corpse, 127
of recusants, X06-8
of suicides, XX 4-6
in woollen, 8, 12 1-4
Burke, A. M. , Key to Registers, 222, 257
Burning of women, XX8-9
Burnley, 77, X35
Burstall, xox
Burton Fleming, 50, X95
Burton Latimer, X3, X97
Bury St. Edmunds, St. James's, 85
Butler, Thomas, 25-6
Buxton, 244
Bywell St. Peter, X04
Camberwell, 230
Cambrian foumal, 25
Candover, xox
Cannock, 243
Canterbury, Holy Cross, 248
St. Mary Magdalene, 204, 211, 232
St. Margaret, 84
St. Peter's, 40, 46

Capel, 244
Carburton, 238, 254
Carisbrooke, X98
Carlisle, 168
Carshalton, 20
Carsington, X40
Cartmel, 1x7
Caundle Bishop, 220
Celebrations, number of, 225-6
Centenarians, X03-5
Chadshunt, 243
Challoner's Missionary Priests, x86
Chapel-en-le-Frith, 53, 90, 132, i
194, 203, 21X, 230, 244
Chelmorton, 245
Chelmsford, 23, 50, X33
Cherry Burton, 200, 2x3, 218
Chesham, 67-8, 73, H4-5, 129, i
246-7
Chester, St. Bridget's, 90, X97
Holy Trinity, 51, X30
Chesterfield, 73, 105, 115, x6o-i, 21
Chetwode, 246
Chipping, 65, X36, X40
Chipping Ongar, 171
Chislehurst, 82, X73
Chislet, 50
Chittome, All Saints, 86
Chorlton, 244
Chrisom children, 59-63
Christchurch, 103
Church Broughton, 45
Churching, 7x
Civil War, the Great, 20, 189-98
Clandestine marriages, 92-5
Clatford, 238
Cleobury Mortimer, 104
Clovelly, X02
Clunbury, 57, 227
Clyst St. George, 13
Colchester, X7X
Colly Weston, 191, 223
Columbs Major, St., 62
Colwich, 243
Communicants, number of, 225-6
Confirmation, 69-7 X
Coniston, 249
Corby, 45, 109
Corpses arrested for debt, 126
Cosin, Archdeacon, 80-1
Coton-in-the-Elms, 193
Cottenham, 79
Cottei;stock, 19X
Courteenhall, 19X
Covenant, tiie, x 98-200
Cox and Harvey's Church Furniti
42
Cox's Churches of Derbyshire, X58

INDEX

285

Cranbrook, X72
Creatura Christi, 57-8
Crich, X59, 236
Criminals, burial of, 1 18-9
Cromwell, Elizabeth, 20X
Oliver, 20 X
Thomas, x-3, X2
Cropredy Bridge, battle of, X89
Croston, 197
Crowhurst, 215
Croxall, 63
Croydon, 76, 86, 2x8
Culverhall, 244
Culworth, 219
Dale Abbey, 94, X58
Darley Abbey, 158
Darley Dale, X35, 143, 209
Darlington, 166
Darlton, 244
Daventry, 191
Deaf and dumb, marriage of, 84-5
Deaths through cold and snow, X35
through mining, X35-6
through drowning, X36— 7
through plague, X44-76
through sweating sickness, X42-3
Debtling, 76
Deioe'sfournal of a Citizen, 152
Denham, 246
Derby, X 58-60, 209
All Saints, 13, X85, 191-2
St. Alkmund, 1x4-5, 224, 225
Desborough, X36
Dewsbury, x88
Directory, the, 7, 36, 78
Dissenters' registers, 256-60
Ditton, 245
Doddington, Great, 200
Donington, 2x0
Dorking, X03, 1x8, X28, X40, 173
Dronfield, 39, .x62
Drypole, 43, X07, xxs
Duffield, X2X, 136-7, x6x-2
Dukinfield Chapel, 259
Dunham, 244
Dunster, 79, X37, x68, 173, 186
Dunwich, St. Peter's, 14
Durham, St. Nicholas, 230, 232
St. Oswald, X5, 55, xoo-x, X29, 166-
7, X85-6, x88, 2XX
St. Mary, XX9
St. Giles, 168
Durnford, X65
Dutton, 62
Dymchurch, 79
Eakring, 163

Earls Barton, X9
Earthquakes, 2x2
Earwaker's History of East Cheshire,
X64
Easingwold, X2X
Eastbourne, 44
Eaton, 4X
Eaton-under-Heywood, X26, 2x3
Eccleston, xox
Echpses, 2x4
Eddystone Lighthouse, 2X 1
Edenhall, X69
Edgbaston, 244
Edgcumbe, Sir Piers, 4
Edingale, 244
Edingsley, 244
Edlingham, XO4-5, 255
Eglingham, 256
Eling, 240
Elizabethan martyrs, r86
Elland, 24, X15, X29-30
Elmham, North, 56, 73, 108
Elmley Lovett, 58
Elsdon, 256
Elsworth, 238
Elton, X9X
Etton, 208
Everton (Notts), 80
Excommunication, X05-X3
Exeter, 2x2
Eyam, 104, 133, X35, 162-4
Fairfield, 243
Fairstead, 240
Farewell, 243
Farnsfield, 245
Fasting, 22X-4
Featherbed-driver, 249
Finedon, 121
Fire, Great, of London, 216
Fitz, 36
Fleet marriages, 93-4 V
Fonts and Font Covers, 42
Forcett, 74
Formularies, changes in religious, 25-
38
Fotheringhay, igx
Foundlings, 63-7
Foxcote, 246
Fradswell, 243
Framlingham, 206
Framlingham, Earl, X85
Frampton, 171
Frosts, 205- xo
GarUck Hythe, 239
Gateshead, 167
Gayton, 224

286

PARISH REGISTERS

Gell, Sir John, 192, 194
German names, 249-50
Gipsies, 229-30
Glinton, 196
Godalming, 126, 174, 225
Godparents, 47-56
Goodnestone, 56
Grantchester, 136
Grasmere, 138
Grendon, 156
Gresley Priory, 158
Grimaldi's Origines
Grinton, 45

,241

Hackness, 44, 91, 109, X3X, 140, 20X,
208, 2x4
Haddenham, 245
Haddon, East, 200
Halam, 245
Hallam, West, 105, 115, X36
Halloughton, 245
Hambledon, 181
Hampden, Great, 65, 176
Hanwell, 57
Harbledown, 252
Harborne, 244
Harleian Society, 258
Harlington, 255
Harrow, 74, X17
Hartlepool, X05
Harwich, X71
Hatfield Broadoak, 85
Hathersage, 107
Haughton, X04, 230
Hawkshead, X38, x68, 249
Hawsted, 41
Helmdon, X22, xgx
Hepworth, X45
Heme, 57, X40
Heston, 76
Hexham, 9X
Heyford, X04
Hillingdon, 42, 226, X40
Hinckley, 6x
Hints, 244
Holcot, X57
Holgate, Archbishop, 34
Holme, 245
Holnest, 43
Holt, 17X
Hope, 244
Hopton Heath, X92
Hornsey, 68
Horsham, 4
Horton, 80
Houghton, Long, 138
Howden, X2i, 137, 169-70, 208,
2x5

Hoxton, 126
Hughley, 40
Huguenot Society, 258-9
Hunstanton, X78-9
Hunton, 213
Inoculation, 49
Influenza, X78
Inoculation, X77
Inquests in church porch, 115
Ipswich, St. Nicholas, xoi, 130, X71
Johnson, Dr., 183
Kedleston, 200
Keigham, x8
Kelsall, X39
Kendal, 168-9
Kensington, xox, 148, X53
Kibworth, X96-7
Kidderminster, 21, 58, X28, 251
King's Bromley, 244
Kind's Evil, 179, 183
Kingsbury, 239
Kingsmead Priory, X58
Kirk Oswald, 169
Kirkburton, 34, 62, 7X, 169
Kirkby Lonsdale, 169
Kirklington, 245
Kirton, 17X, 239
Kniveton, 244
Knodishall, 225
Lamport, 79
Lanchester, 230
Laodicea, Council of, 78
Leake, X71
Ledbury, 50
Lee (Kent), 65, 92
Leeds, 106
Leek, 87
Leicester, St. Martin, 84
St. Mary, 223
Leigh, 245
Lenthall family, 176
Letheringham, 72, 82
Lewisham, 68
Licences for m.arriage, 83-4
Lichfield, St. Mary, 58
Linford, Great, 246
Linton-in-Craven, 105
Lion baiting, 232
Litcham, 13X
Lithotomy, X78-9
Littlebourne, 173
London, All Hallows-in-the-Wall, 51,
64, 1x4, 145
All Hallows, Bread St., X45

li'N J.-'JJ/yV

287

London, St. Andrew, Holborn, XX9,
144
St. Anne, Blackfriars, XX4
St. Antholin, X43, 145
St. Benedict Fink, X3X
St. Botolph, Aldgate, 40, 84, 90
St. Botolph, Bishopsgate, 6x
St. Christopher Stocks, 146
St. Dionis, Backchurch, 63, 86, X43,
X58, 2x6, 251
St. Dunstan West, 64, 148, 153
St. Gregory-by-St. Paul's, 65
St. Helen, Bishopsgate, 6x
St. James, Clerkenwell, X45
St. Martin-in-the-Fields, 89, 144-
50
St. Mary, Aldermary, 145, 153,
246
St. Mary, Aldermanbury, X48
St. Mary Woolnoth, 57, 65, X45,
150, 245
St. Michael, Cornhill, X2X, X45,
150
St. Nicholas Aeon, 64, X45-53
St. Olave, Hart St., 55, 153-4
St. Pancras, 74
St. Paul's, Covent Garden, X52
St. Peter, Cornhill, xoo, X45
Trinity the Less, 184
Long Eaton, 243
Longdon, 243
Longford, X07, X93
Longstone, 244
Loughborough, X28, X43, 230
Louth, X2I
Lowick, 2x1
Luccombe, xio-X2
Lydbury, North, 197
Lyminge, 97, X3X
Lynn, 17X
Maids Moreton, 197
Maidstone, 173
Malpas, 170-1, 175
Malverley, 93
Mansfield, SX, 73, 232
Mappleton, 132
Marian martyrs, X85
Marlborough, x8i
Marlow, Great, X03
Marlow, Little, 165
Marriages, 76-95
canonical age, 77-8
prohibited times and seasons, 78-83
by banns, 82-3
by licence, 83-4
of deaf and dumb, 84-5
of armless woman, 85

Marriages, in smock, 85-6
civil, 87-9
noteworthy entries as to, 90-2
clandestine, 92-5
Hardwicke's Act (X774), 92
Marshfield, 87, 130
Marston, North, 246
Martyrs, Elizabethan, x86
Marian, 183
Matley, Dorothy, tragedy of, 133-4
Mavesyn Ridware, 244
Mayfair Chapel, 92
Measham, 183
Melbourne, X20
Mentmore, 232
Merstham, 51, 83, 179-80
Methley, 56, xo8
Middleton (Lancashire), 77, X32, 136
Middleton Scriven, X33
Midwives, baptism by, 56-8
Milnethorpe, 39
Minehead, X03, X37, X4X, 173, 252
Mitcham, 43, 57, 68, 72-3, 140, 247
Mompesson, Rev. W., 162-3
Monstrous births, X39-4X
Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, X77
Monyash, X35, 243
Morden, 74
Morley, 206, 2x4
Morton, 244
Moulton, 257
Mowen family, 39-40
Moze, 38, 44
Muskham, North, 245
South, 245
Naseby, battle of, X90
Nassington, 38, X08, 240
Nativity casting, 41
Neentone, 74
Nether Compton, X9
Newbottle, X4
Newcastle-on-Tyne, X66-7, 214
Newington, 223
Newport (Salop), 215
Newport Pagnell, X65
Night burials, 107-X8
Norborough, 20X
Northampton, 155-6, 189-9X, 245
All Saints, 22-3, X04
St. Peter's, x8, 61
St. .Sepulchre's, 61
Northampton, Earl of, X92
Norton, X05, 244
Norwell, 245
Norwich, X7X
St. George's Tombland, 34, 75
Nunney, 43

288

PARISH REGISTERS

Nurse children, 67-9
Nursted, X3
Occupations and trades,, 245-9
OfHey, High, 243
Olney, 245
Orlingbury, X3
Orpington, 68
Oundle, 36
Overstone, xx6
Oxford, St. Peter-in-the-East, 58, 128
Oxton, 244
Pakenham, 70
Parham, 107
Parish Register Society, 257
Parkham, 239
Peak Forest, 94-5
Penance, 2x7-20
Penkevil, 235
Penrith, X68-9, X86-7, 227
Pentrich, 200
Perlethorpe, 237
Peterborough, xg, 42, 103, X22, X57,
18s
Petersham, 74, X57
Phillimore's Ecclesiastical Law, 126
Pickenham, South, 4X
Pilgrimage of Grace, 2
Pipe Ridware, 244
Plague, the, X44-76
Pleasley, XI4
Plymouth, 172, X74
Plympton, 19
Pole, Cardinal, 4, 50
Po3ming, 120
Prees, 213, 243
Preston, 170
Preston, Great, XX2
Protestation, the, 198-200
Puritan names, 251-2
Quakers, 109, 257
Ragnall, 245
Ramsden Bellhouse, 74
Ramsey, X65
Ravenstonedale, 167
Reading, St. Mary, 1x4, 129, X3X,
Recusants, 106-8, x88
Redrath, X74
Registers {Parochial), instituted in
England by Cromwell, 1-4
Acts of Parliament and Canons,
I-IX
collecting the tax on baptisms, etc.,
xo

Registers, Stamp Act, 1 1
early, X3
copied, I'J-g
preservation of, 16
destroyed by fire, 25
Blue Book returns of 1833, 234-5
pnor to 1538, 233-40
monastic, 236
gross carelessness as to custody, 240-
6
numbers of extant ones, 240
transcripts ordered, 6, 24X-3
trades and occupations entered,
246-50
German names, 250- x
similar names in same family,
253-4
Puritan names, 252
double Christian names, 252-3
births, 36, 40-x, 255-6
dissenting entries, 256-8
printing of , 257-60
Renfield, X32
Retford, East, 166
Riley Grave Stones, X64
Risley, 244
Rochdale, 73
Rodmarton, 16
Rothwell, 2x2
Roxby, 2x9
Rugeley, 243
Rushbrooke, 13X
Ruyton, 23
R-^e House Plot, 203
Saddleworth, 86
St. Milburge, 26
St. Minver, X5
Salehurst, X04
Sandbeach, 90
Sandon, 177
Sandwich, X39
Sawley, 243
Scarlet fever, X78
Scotter, XX3, 2x8
Sedgemoor, 203
Selattyn, 50, X05, X78, X90
Sele, 245
Serjeantson, Rev. R. M., X55
Serpent, monstrous, 232
Sheldon, 244
Shenley, 245
Shipton, X40, X97
Shoreditch, X26
Shrawley, 240
Shrewsbury, X42
St. Chad's, X19, 165
Sinnington, 235

INDEX

289

Sir, for " Sir Priest," 25X
Skeffington, 235
Slaley, 46
Smallpox, X76-7
Smethwick, 243
Soberton, 78
Somersal Herbert, 239
South Carlton, 3
Southampton, 172, 210
Southwell, 245
Sparsholt, X26
Spratton, xxo
Stafford, 208, 244
Staindrop, X96
Staines, 88-9
Stamford Baron, 135, X56
Stamp Actofi7&-i, xx, 2X, 22, 40
Stanford-in-the-'Vale, x8l
Stanley, Rev. Thomas, X62
Stanwell, 46
Staplehurst, X3, X7, 58
Startforth, 50
Staughton, Great, 78
Stepney, X52
Stock, 43, X09, 244
Stoke Newington, 103
Stoke Pogis, 68, 165
Stokesley, 52, X07, 1x3, 23X
Storms, 205-13
Stranton, X04
Strood, X73
Suicides, XI4-6
Sunbury, 85
Sutton 'Vallence, 2x9
Swainswick, 103, 230
Sweating sickness, 142-3
Sydenham, 68
Tachbrook, 243
Taddington, 243
Tamworth, 198, 254
Tarporley, X08
Tarrant llinton, 71
Tasley, 209
Taunton, 203-4
Taxal, 164
Temple, foundlings of, 66-7
Thormanby, 13
Thomey, West, 54, 235
Thornton (Bucks), 109
Thorpe Achurch, xx6
Tickenhall, 2X
Tideswell, 70, 243
Tipton, 237, 243
Tithing customs, 232-3
Tiverton, 174
ToUesbury, 220
Totnes, 174 19

Trades and occupations, 245-9
Trent, Council of, 79
Twickenham, X55
Twyford, XX5
Ubley, 209
Uffcolme, 143
Upton, 244
Uxbridge, 220
Wadhurst, 189, 214, 23X
Wakebridge family, X55, 236
Wallingford, X37
Wcdloon churches, 258-9
Walsall, X36, X64
Warkworth, 105, 138, 249
Waterbeach, 109
Wearmouth, Bishop, 16
Wedmore, 224
Weedon-Beck, X06
Welford, 243
Wellingborough, xx7
Wellington, 2X
Wenlock, Monastery of, 25
Wenlock, 49, 86, X03
Westerham, 223
Westminster Abbey, 6x
St. Margaret, 12, X 45-50, 222-3
251
St. Giles, 150
Weston Favell, 19
Whipping, 230-2
'Whitburn, X36-7
Whittington, 43, X70, 243
Whittlesey, St. Mary, 2X-2
Whitton, 233
'Whitworth, 36, 38
Whixall, 244
Whorlton, X96
Wigston, Great, 76
Willesley, X35
Wilne, 243
Wilton, 76
Wimbish, 81
Wing, 44, 109, 209
Wingfield, North, 193-4, 226, 256
Wintney Priory, 236
Wisbeach, X70
Witchcraft, 227-9
Wold, 157
Wolverton, 239
Wood's History of Eyam, 162
Woodborough, 245
Woollen, burial in, 8, X2X-4
Wootton Courtney, 1x2
Wormhill, 243
Wynne, Sir Watkin W., 25

290

PARISH REGISTERS

Wynnstay, 25
Wyrardisbury, 245
Yardley Hastings, 157
Yarmouth, 166, 170

York, X70
St. Michael le Belfry, 54, xoo,
225-6
St. Martin's, 5x
Youlgreave, 187, 206-8

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Third Edition. With 42 Illustrations, 5 Maps, and 3 Plans
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CELTIC ART IN PAGAN AND CHRISTIAN
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By J. ROMILLY ALLEN, F.S.A.
With 44 Plates and 8 1 Illustrations in the text
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SHRINES OF BRITISH SAINTS
By J. CHARLES WALL
With 28 Plates and 50 Illustrations in the text
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ARCHEOLOGY AND FALSE ANTIQUITIES
By ROBERT MUNRO, M.A., M.D., LL.D., F.R.S.E.,
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By J. CHARLES COX, LL.D., F.S.A.
With 25 Plates and 23 Illustrations in the text
Early Forests — The Forest Courts — The Forest Officers — ^The Beasts of the
Forest — The Forest Agistments — Hounds and Hunting — The Trees of the Forest
— The Forests of Northumberland, Cumberland, Westmoreland, and Durham —
The Forests of Lancashire — The Forests of Yorkshire, Pickering and Galtres —
The Forests of Cheshire — The Forests of Staffordshire — The Forests ofthe High

Peak — Duffield Frith — Sherwood Forest — ^The Forests of Shropshire, Worcester,
Warwick, and Hereford — The Forests of Leicestershire and Rutland — The Forest
of Rockingham — The Forest of Oxfordshire — The Forests of Berkshire, Bucking
hamshire, and Huntingdonshire — The Forest of Dean — The Forest of Essex —
The Forest of Windsor — ^The Forests of Sussex — The Forests of Hampshire —
The Forests of Wilts — The Forests of Dorsetshire — The Forests of Somer
setshire — The Forest of Dartmoor.
"A vast amount of general information is contained in this most interesting book."
— Daily Chronicle.
"The subject is treated with remarkable knowledge and minuteness, and ' a great
addition to the book are the remarkable illustrations." — Evening Standard.
"The volume is a storehouse of learning. The harvest of original research.
Nothing like it has been published before." — Liverpool Post.
THE BELLS OF ENGLAND
By CANON J. J. RAVEN, D.D., F.S.A., of Emmanuel
College, Cambridge
Second Edition With 60 Illustrations
Early History — The British Period — The Saxon Period — The Norman
Period — The Thirteenth Century — -Times of Development — Provincial Founders,
Mediaeval Uses — The Cire Perdue, Hexameters, Ornamentation — Migration of
Founders, Power of Bells over Storms, etc. — The Passing Bell, Angelic Dedi
cations — The Beginning of the Black-letter Period — Early Foundries, London
and the South-West— From the South Coast Eastward — The Midlands and the
North — The Tudor Period — Later Founders — Change-ringing — Signa — Carillons,
Hand-bells, and Tintinnabula — Legends, Traditions, Memories — Bell Poetry —
Usages, Law, Conclusion.
*'The history of English bells, of their founding and hanging, of their Inscriptions and
dedications, of their peals and chimes and carillons, of bell legends, of bell poetry and bell
law, is told with a vast amount of detailed information, curious and quaint." — Tribune.
**The illustrations, as usual in this series, are of great interest." — Country Life.
THE DOMESDAY INQUEST
By ADOLPHUS BALLARD, B.A., LL.B., Town Clerk of
Woodstock
With 27 Illustrations
Introductory — The Hide and the Teamland — The Vill and the Manor — The
Hundred and the Shire — Sake and Soke — The Magnates — The Humbler Folk
— The Appurtenances of the Manor — The Church — The Welshmen — The
Stock, Eleventh Century Farming — The Encroachments — Values and Renders —
The Incidence of the Geld — A Typical Village — Possessions of Certain Land
owners — Church Lands — Abstract of Population — Transcription and Extension
of Frontispiece — Index.
"In point of scholarship and lucidity of style this volume should take a high place
in the literature of the Domesday Survey." — Daily Mail.
"Replete with information compiled in the most clear and attractive fashion." —
Liverpool Post.
" The author holds the ^lolance freely between rival theories." — Birmingham Post.
" Most valuable and interesting." — Liverpool Mercury.
"A brilliant and lucid exposition of the facts." — Standard.
"A vigorous and independent commentary." — Tribune,

PARISH LIFE IN MEDIAEVAL ENGLAND
By ABBOT GASQUET, O.S.B., D.D., Ph.D., D.LITT.
Second Edition With 39 Illustrations
List of Manuscript and Printed Authorities — The Parish — The Parish Church
—The Parish Clergy— The Parish Officials— Parochial Finance— The Parish
Church Services — Church Festivals — The Sacraments — The Parish Pulpit —
Parish Amusements — Guilds and Fraternities — Index.
" A rich mine of well-presented information." — World.
" A captivating subject very ably handled." — Illustrated London News.
" A worthy sequel to the Abbot's scholarly work on monastic life." — Liverpool Post.
*' Essentially scholarly in spirit and treatment." — Tribune.
THE BRASSES OF ENGLAND
By HERBERT W. MACKLIN, M.A., St. John's College,
Cambridge. President of the Monumental Brass Society
Second Edition With 85 Illustrations
Introductory — Brasses in the Reigns of the Two First Edwards, 1272-1327
— The Golden Age of Plantagenet Rule, 1327-1399 — Architectural Ornament
— Foreign Workmanship — The Mediaeval Clergy of England — The Lancastrian
Period, 1 400-1 45 3-.-The Wars of the Roses, 1453-1485 — Brasses in the Tudor
Period, 148 5-1 547 — Spoliation of the Monasteries — The Elizabethan Revival,
1 55 8-1 625 — Brasses and Despoiled Slabs — Index of Places — General Index.
"There is no volume which covers the ground so fully as this study." — Birmingham
Post. "Mr. Macklin writes with enviable lucidity." — Standard.
" Reveals the value of English brasses as historical documents." — Westminster Gazette.
" The illustrations are plentiful and excellent." — Spectator.

ENGLISH CHURCH FURNITURE
By J. CHARLES COX, LL.D., F.S.A., and A. HARVEY,
M.B.
Second Edition With 121 Illustrations
Altars, Altar Slabs, Altar Rails, Altar Screens or Reredoses — Church Plate,
Chalice and Paten, Pyx, Cruets and Flagons, Spoons, Pax, Censers, Chrismatories,
Altar and Processional Crosses, Croziers and Mitres, Alms Dishes, Heraldic
Church Plate, Cuirbouilli Cases, Pewter — Piscina, Sedilia, Easter Sepulchre,
Lectern — Screens and Rood-lofts — Pulpits and Hour Glasses — Fonts, Font
Covers, Holy-water Stoups — Alms Boxes, Offertory Boxes, and Collecting Boxes
— Thrones and Chairs, Stalls and Misericords, Seats and Benches, Pews, Galleries,
Church Chests — Almeries or Cupboards, Cope Chests, Banner-stave Lockers —
The Lights of a Church — Church Libraries and Chained Books — Church
Embroidery — Royal Arras — Ten Commandments — General Index.
"A mine of carefully ordered information, for the accuracy of which Dr, Cox's name
on the title-page is a sufficient guarantee." — Athenaum.

"This new volume fully maintains the high repmte of its predecessors. Dr. Cox is
one of OUT ablest ecclesiologbts, and he and Mr. Harvey have coUected a mass of valnable
information of the greatest importance to antiquaries and architects. . . . There is a fine
index of Kventy-five colnmns, truly a pions work." — The Architectural Revinv.
"This volume is one of the 'Antiquary's Books' scries, and is more than worthy
of its distingaiBhed association. There has been an unsparing expenditure of time and
labour npon it." — Spectator.

i

FOLK-LORE AS AN HISTORICAL SCIENCE
'By GEORGE LAURENCE GOMME. Qerk to the London
County Council
With 28 lUustrabons
History and Folklore — Materials and .Methods — ^Psychological Conditions
— Anthropological Conditions — Sociological Conditions — ^European Conditions
— Ethnological Condidons — Index.
"No one will read Mr. Gomme's thooghtfiil treatise without being the better able
to understand the significance of popular tales and customs." — Scotsman.
" A learned and most interesting volume. 'We can imagine no more fascinating subject
for stady." — Daily Mail.
" An excellent piece of work." — Dundee Advertiser.
" All will find much that stimulates thought and adds to the inherent attractiveness of
trad ition-" — Athenaum.
ENGLISH COSTUME
By GEORGE CLINCH, F.G.S.
With 131 Illustrations
Preface — ^Introduction — Prehistoric Costume — Romano-British and Anglo-
Saxon Costume — Norman Costiune — Thirteenth Century — Fourteenth Century
— Fifteenth Century — Sixteenth Century — Seventeenth Century — Eighteenth
Century — Mediaeval and Later Garments — Military Costume — Ecclesiastical
Costume — Monastic, Academic, and Legal Costume — Coronation and Parlia
mentary Robes — ^Robes of the Orders of Chivalry, etc. — ^Index.
"'With the assistance of admirable illostrations, Mr. Clinch has here presented a
veritable library pageant of the dress of English men and women from the earliest age." —
World. "A book of nncommon excellence and absorbing interest ... a deep and safe well
of illostration and erudition." — Globe.
" Mr. Clinch has brought together a vast amount of information, presenting it in a clear
and interesting manner, and supplementing it with a large number of capital illostrations."
— Daily Telegrafk.
THE GILDS AND COMPANIES OF LONDON
By GEORGE UNWIN
With 37 Illustrations
The Place of the Gild in the History of Western Europe — The Frith Gild
and the Cnihten Gild — ^The Courts of the Bakers, Fishmongers, and Weavers —
The Adulterine Gilds — ^The Crafts and the Constitution — ^The Greater Misteries
— The Lesser Misteries — ^The Fraternities of Crafts — The Parish Fraternities —
The Rule of the Misteries, 1376-1384 — The Incorporated Livery Company —
Halls, Liveries and Feasts — ^Religious Observances and the Reformation — Govern
ment of the Companies — Industrial Expansion under the Tudon — ^The Lord

Mayor's Show — Monopolies — From Gild to Trade Union — Survivals : Gilds ofJ
Transport — List of Parish Gilds — Transcript and Translation of the Entry in
the Brewers' Records — List of Companies keeping the Watch, 1518 — List of
Sources for the History ofthe Exisring London Companies — Index.
" A work of well-digested and lucidly expounded learning." — Scotsman.
"We have no hesitation In saying that he has produced the best book of its kind thatj
we have seen, and we heartily commend It to every student of municipal as well as Gild
history." — Athenaum. .
" This wide subject has never previously been treated by the light of so much original^
research and so thorough a grasp of all the issues involved. It is difficult to exaggerate
the amount and diversity of entertaining knowledge which comes to light In the story here
unfolded." — Guardian.
THE MEDIEVAL HOSPITALS OF ENGLAND
By MISS ROTHA M. CLAY
With 78 Illustrations
Preface by the Lord Bishop of Bristol — Introduction — Hospitals for Wayfarers
and the Sick — Homes for the Feeble and Destitute — Homes for the Insane — The
Lazar-house — The Leper in England — Founders and Benefactors — Hospital-
Inmates — Hospital Dwellings — The Constitution — The Household and its
Members — Care of the Soul — Care of the Body — Hospital Funds — Relations
with Church and State — Decline of the Hospitals — The Dissolution of Religious
Houses and its Eflfect upon Hospitals — Hospital Patron Saints — Office at the
Seclusion of a Leper — Tabulated List of Foundations — Bibliography — General
Index. "The author has been over ground that has been very little studied, and she has pro
duced a work that Is of much interest and value." — Daily Mail.
" The authoress has chosen a fresh and fascinating subject, and has been able both
to treat It exhaustively and to make It interesting." — Morning Post.
"Miss Clay has done her work so well as to ensure that the book will becorae a
standard work of reference on this most Interesting subject." — Bristol Times.
These Volumes will follow —
THE PARISH REGISTERS OF ENGLAND
By J. CHARLES COX, LL.D., F:S.A.
HERALDRY
By THOMAS SHEPARD
ROMAN BRITAIN
By JOHN WARD, F.S.A.
CASTLES AND WALLED TOWNS OF
ENGLAND
By ALFRED HARVEY, M.B.
SCHOOLS IN MEDIAEVAL ENGLAND
By A. F. LEACH
OLD ENGLISH INSTRUMENTS OF MUSIC
By F. W. GAI.PIN, M.A., F.L.S.
METHUEN & CO., 30 ESSEX STREET, LONDON, W.C.

A CATALOGUE OF BOOKS
PUBLISHED BY METHUEN
AND COMPANY: LONDON
36 ESSEX STREET
W.C.

CONTENTS

PAGE

General Liteiatnre, .

2-24

Ancient Cities,

24

Antiquary's Books,

25

Arden Shakespeare,

25

Beginner's Books, .

26

Business Books, .

26

Byzantine Texts, .

26

Churchman's Bible,

26

Churchman's Library, .

27

Classical Translations,

27

Classics of Art,

27

Commercial Series,

27

Connoisseur's Library,

28

Handbooks of English Church

History, ....

28

lUostrated Pocket Library of

Plain and Coloured Books,

28

Junior Examination Series,

29

Junior School-Books, .

29

Leaders of Religion,

30

Library of Devotion,

30

Little Books on Art,

31

Little Galleries,

31

Little Guides, .

32

PAGE
Little Library, ... 32
Little Quarto Shakespeare, 33
Miniature Library, . . 33
Ne^v Historical Series, . 34
NewT Library of Medicine, 34
New Library of Music, . 34
Oxford Biographies, . . 34
Romantic Histoiy, 34
School Examination Series, 35
School Histories, ... 35
Simplified French Texts, . 35
Simplified German Texts, . 35
Six Ages of European History, 36
Standard Library, . . 36
Textbooks of Science, . 36
Textbooks of Technology, . 37
Handbooks of Theology, . 37
^Westminster Commentaries, 37

Fiction, . . . . 37-45
Books for Boys and Girls, 45
Novels of Alexandre Dumas, 46
Methuen's Sixpenny Books, 46

OCTOBER 1909

A CATALOGUE OF
Messrs. Methuen's
PUBLICATION'S

In this Catalogue the order is according to authors. An asterisk denotes
that the book is in the press.
Colonial Editions are published of all Messrs. Methuen's Novels issued
at a price above ss. 6d.y and similar editions are published of some works of
General Literature. Colonial editions are only for circulation in the British
Colonies and India.
All books marked net are not subject to discount, and cannot be bought
at less than the published price. Books not marked net are subject to the
discount which the bookseller allows.
Messrs. Methuen's books- are kept in stock by all good booksellers. If
there is any difficulty in seeing copies, Messrs. Methuen will be_ very glad to
have early information, and specimen copies of any books will be sent on
receipt of the published price pius postage for net books, and of the published
price for ordinary books.
I.P.L. represents Illustrated Pocket Library.
Part I. — General Literature

Abraham (QeorzeD.) THE COMPLETE
MOUNTAINEER. 'With 75 Illustrations.
Second Edition. Deitiy Zvo. 15s.net.
Acatos(M. J.)* See Junior School Books.
Addleshaw (Percy). SIR PHILIP
SIDNE'V. With 12 Illustrations. Demy
Zvo. 10s. 6d. net.
Adeney (W. P.), M.A. See Bennett(W. H.)
Ady (Cecilia M.). A HISTORY OF
MILAN UNDER THE SFORZA. 'With
20 Illustratious and a Map. Demy Zvo.
10s. 6d. net.
Aeschylus. See Classical Translations.
Alnsworth (W. Harrison). See I.P.L.
Aldis (Janet). THE QUEEN OF
LETTER WRITERS, Marquise de
S6viGNfi, Dame de Bourbilly, 1626-96.
With 18 Illustrations. Second Edition.
Demy Zvo. 17s. 6d. net.
Alexander ('\ViUiam), D.D., Archbishop
of Armagh. THOUGHTS AND
COUNSELS OF MANY YEARS.
Demy x6mo. as, 6d.
Aiken (Henry). See I.P.L.
AUen (Charles C). See Textbooks of
Technology.
Allen (L. Jessie). See Little Books on Art.
Allen (J. Romilly), F.S.A. See Antiquary's
Books.
Almack (E.), F.S.A. See Little Books on
Art.
Amherst (Lady). A SKETCH OF
EGYPTIAN HISTORY FROM THE
EARLIEST TIMES TO THE PRE
SENT DAY. With many Illustrations
and Maps. A New and Cheaper Issue
Demy Zvo. ys. 6d. net.
Anderson (F. M.). THE STORY OF THE
BRITISH EMPIRE FOR CHILDREN.
With 43 Illustrations. Cr. Zvo. zs.

Anderson (J. Q.), B.A., NOUVELLE
GRAMMAIRE FRAN9AISE, A l'usage
DES ^COLES Anglaises. Crown Zvo. 2s.
EXERCICES DE GRAMMAIRE FRAN-
CAISE. Cr. Zvo. is. 6d.
Andrewes (Bishop). PRECES PRI-
VATAE. Translated and edited, with
Notes, by F. E. Bkightman. M.A., of
Pusey House, Oxford. Cr. Zvo. 6s.
See also Library of Devotion.
'Anglo-Australian.' AFTER-GLOW ME
MORIES. Cr. Zvo. 6s.
Anon. THE BUDGET, THE LAND
AND THE PEOPLE. Second Edition.
Crown Zvo. 6d. net.
HEALTH, WEALTH, AND WISDOM.
Crown Zvo. is. net.
THE WESTMINSTER PROBLEMS
BOOK. Prose and 'Verse. Compiled from
The Saturday Westminster Gazette Com
petitions, 1904-1Q07. Cr. Zvo. M. 6d. net.
VENICE AND HER TREASURES. With
many Illustrations. Roundcomers. Ecap.
Zvo. $s. net.
Aristotle. THE ETHICS OF. Edited,
with an Introduction and Notes by John
Burnet, M.A., Cheaperissue. Demy Zvo.
los. 6d. net.
Asman (H, N.), M.A., B.D. AN INTRO
DUCTION TO THE HISTORY OF
ROME. With Maps and Illustrations.
Cr.Zvo. zs.6d. See also Junior School Books.
Atkins (H. a.). See Oxford Biographies.
Atkinson (C. iW.). JEREMY BENTHAM.
Demy Zvo. 55. net.
Atkinson (C. T.), M.A., Fellow of Exeter
College, Oxford, sometime Demy of Mag
dalen College. A HISTORY OF GER
MANY, from 1713 to 1815. With 35 Maps
and Plans Demy Zvo. iss. net.

General Literature

Atkinson (T. D.). ENGLISH ARCHI
TECTURE. With 196 Illustrations.
Pcap» %vo. 3J. 6d. net.
A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN
ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE. With
365 lUnstrations. Second Edition. Pcap.
&ao. 3f . 6d. net.
Atterid^e (A. H.). NAPOLEON'S
BROTHERS. With 24 Illustrations.
Demy Zvo. i8j. net.
Auden (T.), M. A , F.S.A. See Ancient Cities.
Aurelius (Marcus). WORDS OF THE
ANCIENT WISE. Thoughts from Epic-
tetus and Marcus Aurelius. Edited by
W. H. D. Rouse, M.A., Litt. D. Fcap.
Svo. 3^. 6d. net.
See also Standard Library.
Austen (Jane). See Standard Library,
Little Library and Mitton (G. E.).
Aves (Ernest). CO-OPERATIVE IN
DUSTRY. Crown Zvo. 5*. net.
Bacon (Francis). See Standard Library
and Little Library.
Bagot (Richard). THE LAKES OF
NORTHERN ITALY. With 37 Illustra
tions and a Map. Fcap. Zvo. 5s. net.
Bailey (J. C), M.A. See Cowper (W,).
Bain (R. Nisbet). THE LAST KING OF
POLAND AND HIS CONTEMPORA
RIES. With 16 Illustrations. Demy Zvo.
los. 6d. net.
Baker (W. G.), M.A See Junior Examina
tion Series.
Baker (Julian L.), F.I.C., F.C.S. See
Books on Business.
Balfour (Graham). THE LIFE OF
ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON. With
a Portrait. Fourth Edition in one Volume.
Cr. Zvo. Buckram, 6s.
Ballard (A.), B.A., LL.D. See Antiquary's
Books.
Bally (S. E.). See Commercial Series.
Barham (R. H.)- See Little Library.
Baring: (The Hon. Maurice). WITH
THE RUSSIANS IN MANCHURIA.
Third Edition. Demy Zvo. "js. 6d. net.
A YEAR IN RUSSIA. Second Edition.
Demy Zvo. tos. td. net.
RUSSIAN ESSAYS AND STORIES.
Second Edition. Cr. Zvo. 5*. net.
Also published in a Colonial Edition.
Barinsr-Gould (S.). THE LIFE OF
NAPOLEON BONAPARTE. Withnearly
200 Illustrations, including a Pbotogra\-ure
Frontispiece. Second Edition, Wid£
Royalivo. los. 6d. net.
THE TRAGEDY OF THE CiESARS:
A Study of the Chaeactbes of the
C.£SAR5 OF THE JULIAN AND ClAODIAH
Hou$E5. With namerous Illustrations from
Busts, (tcius. Cameos, etc. Sixth Edition.
Royal Zvo. 10s. 6d. net.
A BOOK OF FAIRY TALES. With
numerous Illustrations by A J. Gaskin.

Second Edition. Cr. Zvo. Bitckram. 6s.,
also Mediu7n Zvo. 6d.
OLD ENGLISH FAIRY TALES. With
numerous Illustrations by F. D. Bedford.
Third Edition. Cr. Zvo. Buckram. 6s.
THE VICAR OF MORWENSTOW. Re-
Tosed Edition. With a Portrait. TAird
Edition. Cr. Zvo. 3J. 6d.
OLD COUNTRY LIFE. With 69 Illustra
tions. Fi/tk Edition. Large CrownZvo. 6s.
A GARLAND OF COUNTRY SONG:
English Folk Songs with their Traditional
Melodies. Collected and arranged by S.
Baring-Gould and H. F. Sheppard.
Demy ^to. 65.
SONGS OF THE WEST: Folk Songs of
Devon and ComwalL Collected from the
Mouths of tbePeople. By S. Baring-Gould,
M.A.,and H. Fleetwood Sheppard, M.A.
New and Revised Edition, underthe musical
editorship of Cecil J. Sharp. Large Im
perial Zvo. 5s. 9iet.
A BOOK OF NURSERY SONGS AND
RHYMES. Edited by S. Baring-Gould.
Illustrated. Second and Cheaper Edition.
Large Cr. Zvo. ss. 6d. net.
STRANGE SURVIVALS : Some Chapters
IN the History of Man. Illustrated.
Third Edition. Cr, Zvo. ss. 6d. net.
YORKSHIRE ODDITIES : Incidents
and Strange Events. Fi/th Edition.
Cr. Svo. ss. 6d. net.
THE BARING-GOULD SELE(n*ION
READER Arranged by G. H. Rose.
Illustrated. CroTvn Zvo. is. 6d
THE BARING-GOULD CONTINUOUS
READER. Arranged by G. H. Rose.
Illustiated. Crown Zvo. is. 6d.
A BOOK OF CORNWALL. \Mth 33
Illustrations. Second Edition. Cr. Zvo. ts.
A BOOK OF DARTMOOR. With 60
Illustrations. Second Edition. Cr. Zvo.
6s.
A BOOK OF DEVON. Wim 35 lUus-
trations. Thifd Edition. Cr. i^o. 6s.
A BOOK OF NORTH WALES. With 49
Illustrations. Cr. Zvo. 6s.
A BOOK OF SOUTH WALES. With 57
Illustrations. Cr. Zvo. 6s.
A BOOK OF BRITTANY. With 69 Illus
trations. Second Edition Cr. Zvo. ts.
A BOOK OF THE RHINE: From Cleve
to Mainz. With 8 Illustrations in Colour
by Trevor Hadden, and 48 other Illus
trations. Second Edition. Cr. Zvo. 6s.
A BOOK OF THE RIVIERA. With 40
Illustrations. Cr. Zvo. 6s.
A BOOK OF THE PYRENEES. With
25 Illustrations. Cr. Zvo. 6s.
See also Little Guides.
Barker (Aldred F.). See Textbooks of
Technology.
Barker (E.), M.A. (Late) Fellow of Mertcn
College, Oxford. THE POLITICAL
THOUGHT OF PLATO AND ARIS-
TOTLE. Demy Zvo. los. 6d. net.
Barnes (W. E.), D.D. See (Hiurcbmaa's
Bible.

Messrs. Methuen's Catalogue

Barnett (Mrs. P. A.). See Little Library.
Baron (R. R. N.), M.A. FRENCH PROSE
COMPOSITION. Fourth Edition. Cr.
Zvo. zs. 6d. Key, y;. net.
See also Junior School Books.
Barron (H. M.), M.A., Wadham College,
Oxford. TEXTS FOR SERMONS. With
a Preface by Canon Scott Holland.
Cr. Zvo. 3J. 6d.
Bartholomew (J. Q.), F.R.S.E. See
Robertson (C. G.).
Bastable (C. F.), LL.D. THE COM
MERCE OF NATIONS. Fourth Ed.
Cr. Zvo. 2S. 6d.
Bastian (H. Charlton), M.A,M.D., F.R.S.
THE EVOLUTION OF LIFE. With
Diagrams and many Photomicrographs.
Demy Zvo. js. 6d. net.
Batson (Mrs. Stephen). A CONCISE
HANDBOOKOFGARDEN FLOWERS.
Fcap. Zvo. 3J. 6d.
THE SUMMER GARDEN OF
PLEASURE. With 36 Illustrations in
Colour by Osmund Pittman. Wide Demy
Zvo. 15s. net.
Bayley (R. Child). THE COMPLETE
PHOTOGRAPHER. With over 100
Illustrations. With Note on Direct Colour
Process. Third Edition. Demy Zvo.
los. 6d. net.
Beard (W. S.). EASY EXERCISES IN
ALGEBRA FOR BEGINNERS. Cr. Zvo.
IS. 6d. With Answers, is. gd.
See also Junior Examination Series and
Beginner's Books.
Beckett (Arthur). THE SPIRIT OF THE
DOWNS : Impressions and Reminiscences
ofthe Sussex Downs, and Downland People
and Places. With 20 Illustrations in Colour
by Stanley Inchbold. Second Edition.
Demy Zvo. jos. 6d. net.
Beckford (Peter). THOUGHTS ON
HUNTING. Edited by J. Otho Paget,
and Illustrated by G. H. Jalland. Second
Edition. Defny Zvo. 6s.
Beckford (William). See Little Library.
Beechin^ (H. C), M.A., Canon of West
minster. See Library of Devotion.
Beerbohm (Max). A BOOK OF CARI
CATURES. Imperial A,io. 2ij. net.
Begbie (Harold). MASTER WORKERS.
Illustrated. Demy Zvo. -js. 6d. net.
Behmen (Jacob). DIALOGUES ON THE
SUPERSENSUAL LIFE. Edited by
Bernard Holland. Fcap. Zvo. ^s 6d
BeU (Mrs. Arthur Q.). THE SKIRTS
OF THE GREAT CITY. With 16 Illus
trations in Colour by Arthur G. Bell,
17 other Illustrations, and a Map. Second
Edition. Cr. Zvo. 6s.
Belloc (H.) PARIS. With 7 Maps and a
Frontispiece in Photogravure. Second Edi
tion, Revised. Cr. Zvo. 6s.
HILLS AND THE SEA. Second Edition.
Crawn Zvo. 6s.
ON NOTHING AND KINDRED SUB
JECTS. Second Edition. Fcap. Zvo. 5J,

ON EVERYTHING. Fcap. Zvo. ss.
MARIE ANTOINETTE. With 35 Portraits
and Illustrations. Demy Zvo. iss. net.
THE PYRENEES. With 46 Sketches by
the Author, and 22 Maps. Second Edition.
Demy Zvo. ys. 6d. net.
BelIot(H. H.L.), M.A. See Tones(L. A. A.).
Bennett (Joseph). FORTY YEARS OF
MUSIC, 1865-1905. With 24 Illustrations.
Demy Zvo. i6s. net.
Bennett (W. H.), M.A. A PRIMER OF
THE BIBLE. Fifth Edition. Cr. Zvo.
2s. 6d.
BennettCW. H.)and Adeney (W. P.). A
BIBLICAL INTRODUCTION. With a
concise Bibliography. Fifth Edition. Cr.
Zvo. ys. 6d.
Benson (Archbishop) GOD'S BOARD.
Communion Addresses. Second Edition.
Fcap. Zvo. 3s. 6d. net.
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Fiction

45

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THE BABY'S GRANDMOTHER.
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TROUBLESOME DAUGHTERS. Medium
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Syd Belton : Or, the Boy who would not go
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When Arnold comes Home. By Mrs. M. E.
Mann.

46

Messrs. Methuen's Catalogue

The Novels of Alexandre Dumas
Medium Svo. Price 6d. Double Volumes, is.

Act6.The Adventures of Captain Pamphile.
Amaury.The Bird of Fate.
The Black Tulip.
The Castle of Eppstein.
Catherine Blum.
The Chevalier D'Harmental. (Double
volume.) IS.
Chicot the Jester.
Conscience. The CoNvic-i's Son.
The Corsican Brothers ; and Otho the
Archer.
Crop-Eared Jacquot.
Dom Gorenflot.
The Fatal Combat.
The Fencing Master.
Fernande.
Gabriel Lambert.
Georges.The Great Massacre.
Henri de Navarre.

HfiL^NE DE ChAVERNY.
The Horoscope.
Louise de la Valli^re. (Double volume.)
IS.
The Man in the Iron Mask. (Double
vplume.) IS.
MAtTRE Adam.
The Mouth of Hell.
Nanon. (Double volume.) xs.
Pauline ; Pascal Bruno ; and Bontekoe.
P^re la Ruine.
The Prince of Thieves.
¦The Reminiscences of Antony.
Robin Hood.
The Snowball and Sultanetta.
Sylvandirh.Tales of the Supernatural.
Tales of Strange Adventure.
The Three Musketeers. (Double volume.)
If.
The Tragedy op Nantes.
Twenty Years After. (Double volume.) is.
The Wild-Duck Shooter.
The Wolf-Leader.

Methuen's Sixpenny Books
Medium Svo.

Albanesi (E. Maria). LOVE AND
LOUISA.
I KNOW A MAIDEN.
Anstey (P.). A BAYARD OF BENGAL.
Austen (J.). PRIDE AND PREJUDICE.
Bagot (Richard). A ROMAN MYSTERY.
CASTING OF NETS.
DONNA DIANA.
Balfour (Andrew). BY STROKE OF
SWORD.
Baring-Gould (S.). FURZE BLOOM.
CHEAP JACK ZITA.
KITTY ALONE.
URITH. THE BROOM SQUIRE.
IN THE ROAR OF THE SEA.
NOEMI. A BOOK OF FAIRY TALES. Illustrated.
LITTLE TU'PENNY.
WINEFRED. THE FROBISHERS.
THE QUEEN OF LOVE.
ARMINELL. Barr (Robert). JENNIE BAXTER.
IN THE MIDST OF ALARMS.
THE COUNTESS TEKLA.
THE MUTABLE MANY.
Benson (E. P.). DODO.
THE VINTAGE.
Bronte (Charlotte). SHIRLEY.

Brownell (C. L.). THE HEART OF
JAPAN.
Burton (J. Bloundelle). ACROSS THE
SALT SEAS.
Caffyn (Mrs.). ANNE MAULEVERER.
Capes (Bernard). THE LAKE OF
WINE.
Clifford (Mrs. W. K.). A FLASH OF
SUMMER.
MRS. KEITH'S CRIME.
Corbett (Julian). A BUSINESS IN
GREAT W.ATERS.
Croker (Mrs. B. M.). ANGEL.
A STATE SECRET.
PEGGY OF THE BARTONS.
JOHANNA.Dante (Alighieri). THE DIVINE
COMEDY (Cary).
Doyle (A. Conan). ROUND THE RED
LAMP.
Duncan (Sara Jeannette). A VOYAGE
OF CONSOLATION.
THOSE DELIGHTFUL AMERICANS.
Eliot (George). THE MILL ON THE
FLOSS.
Pindlater (Jane H.). THE GREEN
GRAVES OF BALGOWRIE.
Gallon (Tom). RICKERBY'S FOLLY
Gaskell (Mrs.). CRANFORD.
MARY BARTON.
NORTH AND SOUTH.

Fiction

47

Gerard (Dorothea). HOLY MATRI
MONY.
THE CONQUEST OF LONDON.
MADE OF MONEY.
Gissing (G). THE TOWN TR.AVELLER.
THE CROWN OF LIFE.
Gianville (Ernest). THE INCA'S
TREASURE.
THE KLOOF BRIDE.
Oleig (Charles). BUNTER'S CRUISE.
Grimm (The Brothers). GRIMM'S
FAIRY TALES.
Hope (Anthony). A MAN OF MARK.
A CHANGE OF AIR.
THE CHRONICLES OF COUNT
ANTONIO.
PHROSO.THE DOLLY DIALOGUES. DEAD MEN TELL

THE THRONE OF

Hornung (E. W.).
NO TALES.
Ingraham (J. H.).
DAVID.
Le Queux (W.). THE HUNCHBACK OF
WESTMINSTER.
Levett-Yeats (S. K.). THE TRAITOR'S
WAY.
ORRAIN. Linton (E. Lynn). THE TRUE HIS
TORY OF JOSHUA DAVIDSON.
LyaU(Edna). DERRICK VAUGHAN.
Malet (Lucas). THE CARISSIMA.
A COUNSEL OF PERFECTION.
Mann (Mrs. M. E.). MRS. PETER
HOWARD.
A LOST ESTATE.
THE CEDAR STAR.
ONE ANOTHER'S BURDENS.
THE PATTEN EXPERIMENT.
A WINTER'S TALE.
Marchmont (A. W.). MISER HOAD-
LEY'S SECRET.
A MOMENT'S ERROR.
Marryat (Captain). PETER SIMPLE.
JACOB FAITHFUL.
Marsh (Richard). A METAMORPHOSIS.
THE TWICKENHAM PEERAGE.
THE GODDESS.
THE JOSS.
Mason (A. E. W.). CLEMENTINA.
Mathers (Helen). HONEY.
GRIFF OF GRIFFITHSCOURT.
SAM'S SWEETHEART.
Meade (Mrs. L. T.). DRIFT.
Miller (Esther). LIVING LIES.
Mitford (Bertram). THE SIGN OF THE
SPIDER.

Montresor (P. P.). THE ALIEN.
Morrison (Arthur). THE HOLE IN
THE WALL.
Nesbit (E.) THE RED HOUSE.
Norris (W. E.). HIS GRACE.
GILES INGILBY.
THE CREDIT OF THE COUNTY.
LORD LEONARD THE LUCKLESS.
MATTHEW AUSTIN.
CLARISSA FURIOSA.
Oliphant (Mrs.). THE LADY'S WALK.
SIR ROBERT'S FORTUNE.
THE PRODIGALS.
THE TWO MARYS.
Oppenheim (E. P.). MASTER OF MEN.
Parker (Gilbert). THE POMP OF THE
LAVILETTES.
WHEN VALMOND CAME TO PONTIAC.
THE TRAIL OF THE SWORD.
Pemberton (Max). THE FOOTSTEPS
OF A THRONE.
I CROWN THEE KING.
Phillpotts (Bden). THE HUMAN BOY.
CHILDREN OF THE MIST.
THE POACHER'S WIFE.
THE RIVER.
'Q' (A. T. Quiller Couch). THE
WHITE WOLF.
Ridge(W. Pett). A SON OFTHE STATE.
LOST PROPERTY.
GEORGE and THE GENERAL.
ERB. Russell (W. Clark). ABANDONED.
A MARRIAGE AT SEA.
MY DANISH SWEETHEART.
HIS ISLAND PRINCESS.
Sergeant (Adeline). THE MASTER 01
BEECHWOOD.
BARBARA'S MONEY.
THE YELLOW DIAMOND.
THE LOVE THAT OVERCAMF-
Sidgwick (Mrs. Alfred). .t«E KINS.
MAN.
Surtees (R. S.). HANOLEY CROSS.
MR. SPONGE'S SPORTING TOUR.
ASK MAMMA.
Walford (Mrs. L. P.). MR. SMITH.
COUSINSTHE BA)3Y'S GRANDMOTHER.
TROUBLESOME DAUGHTERS.
Wallace (General Lew). BEN-HUR.
THE FAIR .GOD.
Watson (H. B. Marriott). THE ADVEN
TURERS.
Weekes (A. B.). f PRISONERS OF WAR.
Wells (H. G.). .THE SEA LADY.
White (Percy). A PASSIONATE
PILGRIM.

YALE UNIVERSITY

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